# List of birds of South Carolina

This list of birds of South Carolina includes species documented in the U.S. state of South Carolina and accepted by the South Carolina Bird Records Committee (SCBRC) of the Carolina Bird Club. As of mid 2021, there were 446 species definitively included in the official list. Nine additional species are on the list but classed as Provisional I (see definitions below). Of the 446 species on the primary list, 114 are rare anywhere in the state, 34 are rare away from the coast, five have been introduced to North America, and four are extinct. Sixteen additional species are classed as Provisional II and seven as Hypothetical as defined below. An additional accidental species has been added from another source.
This list is presented in the taxonomic sequence of the Check-list of North and Middle American Birds, 7th edition through the 62nd Supplement, published by the American Ornithological Society (AOS). Common and scientific names are also those of the Check-list, except that the common names of families are from the Clements taxonomy because the AOS list does not include them.
Unless otherwise noted, all species listed below are considered to occur regularly in South Carolina as permanent residents, summer or winter visitors, or migrants. The following tags are used to designate some species:
* (R) - Rare - a species whose report is reviewable by the SCBRC if the bird is found anywhere in South Carolina
* (RI) - Rare inland - a species whose report is reviewable by the SCBRC if the bird is found away from the coast
* (I) - Introduced - an established species introduced to North America by humans, either directly or indirectly
* (E) - Extinct - a recent species that no longer exists
* (P1) - Provisional I list - species which have been approved by the SCBRC but are known only from sight records
* (P2) - Provisional II list - "Species whose occurrence in South Carolina is believed to be the result of human assistance, and which have not become established" per the SCBRC
* (H) - Hypothetical - "Species which are undocumented to the committee but reported in North American Birds or The Chat" (the journal of the Carolina Bird Club)

## Ducks, geese, and waterfowl

Order: Anseriformes Family: Anatidae
The family Anatidae includes the ducks and most duck-like waterfowl, such as geese and swans. These birds are adapted to an aquatic existence with webbed feet, bills that are flattened to a greater or lesser extent, and feathers that are excellent at shedding water due to special oils. Forty-four species have been recorded in South Carolina.
* Black-bellied whistling-duck, Dendrocygna autumnalis (RI)
* Fulvous whistling-duck, Dendrocygna bicolor (R)
* Snow goose, Anser caerulescens
* Ross's goose, Anser rossii
* Greater white-fronted goose, Anser albifrons
* Brant, Branta bernicla (R)
* Barnacle goose, Branta leucopsis (P2) (R)
* Cackling goose, Branta hutchinsii (R)
* Canada goose, Branta canadensis
* Mute swan, Cygnus olor
* Trumpeter swan, Cygnus buccinator (R)
* Whooper swan, Cygnus cygnus (R)
* Tundra swan, Cygnus columbianus
* Egyptian goose, Alopochen aegyptiaca (R)
* Wood duck, Aix sponsa
* Blue-winged teal, Spatula discors
* Cinnamon teal, Spatula cyanoptera (RI)
* Northern shoveler, Spatula clypeata
* Gadwall, Mareca strepera
* Eurasian wigeon, Mareca penelope
* American wigeon, Mareca americana
* Mallard, Anas platyrhynchos
* American black duck, Anas rubripes
* Mottled duck, Anas fulvigula (RI)
* Northern pintail, Anas acuta
* Green-winged teal, Anas crecca
* Canvasback, Aythya valisineria
* Redhead, Aythya americana
* Ring-necked duck, Aythya collaris
* Tufted duck, Aythya fuligula (R)
* Greater scaup, Aythya marila
* Lesser scaup, Aythya affinis
* King eider, Somateria spectabilis (R)
* Common eider, Somateria mollissima (RI)
* Harlequin duck, Histrionicus histrionicus (R)
* Surf scoter, Melanitta perspicillata
* White-winged scoter, Melanitta deglandi (RI)
* Black scoter, Melanitta americana (RI)
* Long-tailed duck, Clangula hyemalis
* Bufflehead, Bucephala albeola
* Common goldeneye, Bucephala clangula
* Hooded merganser, Lophodytes cucullatus
* Common merganser, Mergus merganser (R)
* Red-breasted merganser, Mergus serrator
* Ruddy duck, Oxyura jamaicensis
* Canada goose
* Mallards
* Northern shoveler
* Ruddy duck

## New World quail

Order: Galliformes Family: Odontophoridae
The New World quails are small, plump terrestrial birds only distantly related to the quails of the Old World, but named for their similar appearance and habits. One species has been recorded in South Carolina.
* Northern bobwhite, Colinus virginianus

## Pheasants, grouse, and allies

Order: Galliformes Family: Phasianidae
Phasianidae consists of the pheasants and their allies. These are terrestrial species, variable in size but generally plump, with broad, relatively short wings. Many species are game birds or have been domesticated as a food source for humans. Turkeys have a distinctive fleshy wattle that hangs from the underside of the beak and a fleshy protuberance that hangs from the top of its beak called a snood. As with many galliform species, the female (the hen) is smaller and much less colorful than the male (the tom). With wingspans of 4.9–5.9 feet (1.5–1.8 m), the turkeys are the largest birds in the open forests in which they live and are rarely mistaken for any other species. Grouse inhabit temperate and subarctic regions of the Northern Hemisphere. They are game birds and are sometimes hunted for food. In all of South Carolina's species, males are polygamous and have elaborate courtship displays. These heavily built birds have legs feathered to the toes. Most species are year-round residents and do not migrate. Three species have been recorded in South Carolina.
* Wild turkey, Meleagris gallopavo
* Ruffed grouse, Bonasa umbellus
* Ring-necked pheasant, Phasianus colchicus (I) (P2) (R)

## Flamingoes

Order: Phoenicopteriformes Family: Phoenicopteridae
Flamingoes are gregarious wading birds, usually 3 to 5 feet (0.9 to 1.5 m) tall, found in both the Western and Eastern Hemispheres. Flamingos filter-feed on shellfish and algae. Their oddly shaped beaks are specially adapted to separate mud and silt from the food they consume and, uniquely, are used upside-down. Two species have been recorded in South Carolina.
* Chilean flamingo, Phoenicopterus chilensis (P2) (R) (not on the AOS Check-list; name and placement are per Clements)
* American flamingo, Phoenicopterus ruber (R)

## Grebes

Order: Podicipediformes Family: Podicipedidae
Grebes are small- to medium-large freshwater diving birds. They have lobed toes and are excellent swimmers and divers. However, they have their feet placed far back on the body, making them quite ungainly on land. Five species have been recorded in South Carolina.
* Pied-billed grebe, Podilymbus podiceps
* Horned grebe, Podiceps auritus
* Red-necked grebe, Podiceps grisegena (R)
* Eared grebe, Podiceps nigricollis
* Western grebe, Aechmorphorus occidentalis (R)

## Pigeons and doves

Order: Columbiformes Family: Columbidae
Pigeons and doves are stout-bodied birds with short necks and short slender bills with a fleshy cere. Eight species have been recorded in South Carolina.
* Rock pigeon, Columba livia (I)
* Band-tailed pigeon, Patagioenas fasciata (R)
* Eurasian collared-dove, Streptopelia decaocto (I)
* African collared-dove, Streptopelia roseogrisea (P2) (R)
* Passenger pigeon, Ectopistes migratorius (E)
* Common ground dove, Columbina passerina
* White-winged dove, Zenaida asiatica
* Mourning dove, Zenaida macroura

## Cuckoos

Order: Cuculiformes Family: Cuculidae
The family Cuculidae includes cuckoos, roadrunners, and anis. These are birds of various sizes with slender bodies, long tails, and strong legs. Four species have been recorded in South Carolina.
* Smooth-billed ani, Crotophaga ani (P1) (R)
* Groove-billed ani, Crotophaga sulcirostris (R)
* Yellow-billed cuckoo, Coccyzus americanus
* Black-billed cuckoo, Coccyzus erythropthalmus

## Nightjars and allies

Order: Caprimulgiformes Family: Caprimulgidae
Nightjars are medium-sized nocturnal birds that usually nest on the ground. They have long wings, short legs, and very short bills. Most have small feet that are of little use for walking and long, pointed wings. Their soft plumage is cryptically colored to resemble bark or leaves. Four species have been recorded in South Carolina.
* Lesser nighthawk, Chordeiles acutipennis (accidental)
* Common nighthawk, Chordeiles minor
* Chuck-will's-widow, Antrostomus carolinensis
* Eastern whip-poor-will, Antrostomus vociferus

## Swifts

Order: Apodiformes Family: Apodidae
The swifts are small birds which spend the majority of their lives flying. These birds have very short legs and never settle voluntarily on the ground, perching instead only on vertical surfaces. Many swifts have long swept-back wings which resemble a crescent or boomerang. One species has been recorded in South Carolina.
* Chimney swift, Chaetura pelagica

## Hummingbirds

Order: Apodiformes Family: Trochilidae
Hummingbirds are small birds capable of hovering in mid-air due to the rapid flapping of their wings. They are the only birds that can fly backwards. Ten species have been recorded in South Carolina.
* Blue-throated mountain-gem, Lampornis clemenciae (P1) (R)
* Ruby-throated hummingbird, Archilochus colubris
* Black-chinned hummingbird, Archilochus alexandri (R)
* Anna's hummingbird, Calypte anna (R)
* Calliope hummingbird, Selasphorus calliope (R)
* Rufous hummingbird, Selasphorus rufus
* Allen's hummingbird, Selasphorus sasin (R)
* Cuban emerald, Chlorostilbon ricordii (H) (R)
* Broad-billed hummingbird, Cynanthus latirostris (R)
* Buff-bellied hummingbird, Amazilia yucatanensis (R)

## Rails, gallinules, and coots

Order: Gruiformes Family: Rallidae
Rallidae is a large family of small- to medium-sized birds that includes the rails, crakes, coots, and gallinules. Most members of this family occupy dense vegetation in damp environments near lakes, swamps, or rivers. In general they are shy and secretive birds, making them difficult to observe. Most species have strong legs and long toes that are well adapted to soft uneven surfaces. They tend to have short, rounded wings and to be weak fliers. Ten species have been recorded in South Carolina.
* Clapper rail, Rallus crepitans
* King rail, Rallus elegans
* Virginia rail, Rallus limicola
* Sora, Porzana carolina
* Common gallinule, Gallinula galeata
* American coot, Fulica americana
* Purple gallinule, Porphyrio martinicus
* Purple swamphen, Porphyrio porphyrio (R)
* Yellow rail, Coturnicops noveboracensis (R)
* Black rail, Laterallus jamaicensis (RI)

## Limpkin

Order: Gruiformes Family: Aramidae
The limpkin is a large bird in a monotypic family. It is similar in appearance to the rails, but skeletally it is closer to the cranes. It is found in marshes and gets its common name from its appearance of limping as it walks.
* Limpkin, Aramus guarauna

## Cranes

Order: Gruiformes Family: Gruidae
Cranes are large, long-legged, and long-necked birds. Unlike the similar-looking but unrelated herons, cranes fly with necks outstretched, not pulled back. Most have elaborate and noisy courting displays or "dances". Two species have been recorded in South Carolina.
* Sandhill crane, Antigone canadensis
* Whooping crane, Grus americana (R)

## Stilts and avocets

Order: Charadriiformes Family: Recurvirostridae
Recurvirostridae is a family of large wading birds that includes the avocets and stilts. The avocets have long legs and long up-curved bills. The stilts have extremely long legs and long, thin, straight bills. Two species have been recorded in South Carolina.
* Black-necked stilt, Himantopus mexicanus
* American avocet, Recurvirostra americana

## Oystercatchers

Order: Charadriiformes Family: Haematopodidae
The oystercatchers are large and noisy plover-like birds, with strong bills used for smashing or prying open molluscs. One species has been recorded in South Carolina.
* American oystercatcher, Haematopus palliatus

## Plovers and lapwings

Order: Charadriiformes Family: Charadriidae
The family Charadriidae includes the plovers, dotterels, and lapwings. They are small- to medium-sized birds with compact bodies, short thick necks, and long, usually pointed, wings. They are usually found in open country worldwide, mostly in habitats near water. Nine species have been recorded in South Carolina.
* Northern lapwing, Vanellus vanellus (P1) (R)
* Black-bellied plover, Pluvialis squatarola
* American golden-plover, Pluvialis dominica
* Killdeer, Charadrius vociferus
* Semipalmated plover, Charadrius semipalmatus
* Piping plover, Charadrius melodus
* Wilson's plover, Charadrius wilsonia (RI)
* Snowy plover, Charadrius nivosus (R)
* Mountain plover, Charadrius montanus (R)

## Sandpipers and allies

Order: Charadriiformes Family: Scolopacidae
Scolopacidae is a large diverse family of small- to medium-sized shorebirds, including the sandpipers, curlews, godwits, shanks, tattlers, woodcocks, snipes, dowitchers, and phalaropes. The majority of Scolopacidae species eat small invertebrates picked out of the mud or soil. Different lengths of legs and bills enable multiple species to feed in the same habitat, particularly on the coast, without direct competition for food. Thirty-eight species have been recorded in South Carolina.
* Upland sandpiper, Bartramia longicauda
* Whimbrel, Numenius phaeopus
* Eskimo curlew, Numenius borealis (P1) (believed extinct) (R)
* Long-billed curlew, Numenius americanus
* Black-tailed godwit, Limosa limosa (H) (R)
* Hudsonian godwit, Limosa haemastica (R)
* Marbled godwit, Limosa fedoa
* Ruddy turnstone, Arenaria interpres
* Red knot, Calidris canutus
* Ruff, Calidris pugnax (R)
* Sharp-tailed sandpiper, Calidris acuminata (P1) (R)
* Stilt sandpiper, Calidris himantopus
* Curlew sandpiper, Calidris ferruginea (R)
* Red-necked stint, Calidris ruficollis (P1) (R)
* Sanderling, Calidris alba
* Dunlin, Calidris alpina
* Purple sandpiper, Calidris maritima (RI)
* Baird's sandpiper, Calidris bairdii (R)
* Little stint, Calidris minuta (R)
* Least sandpiper, Calidris minutilla
* White-rumped sandpiper, Calidris fuscicollis
* Buff-breasted sandpiper, Calidris subruficollis
* Pectoral sandpiper, Calidris melanotos
* Semipalmated sandpiper, Calidris pusilla
* Western sandpiper, Calidris mauri
* Short-billed dowitcher, Limnodromus griseus
* Long-billed dowitcher, Limnodromus scolopaceus
* American woodcock, Scolopax minor
* Wilson's snipe, Gallinago delicata
* Spotted sandpiper, Actitis macularius
* Solitary sandpiper, Tringa solitaria
* Lesser yellowlegs, Tringa flavipes
* Willet, Tringa semipalmata
* Spotted redshank, Tringa erythropus (H) (R)
* Greater yellowlegs, Tringa melanoleuca
* Wilson's phalarope, Phalaropus tricolor
* Red-necked phalarope, Phalaropus lobatus
* Red phalarope, Phalaropus fulicarius (RI)
* Willet
* Sanderling
* Ruddy turnstone
* Wilson's snipe

## Skuas and jaegers

Order: Charadriiformes Family: Stercorariidae
The skuas are in general medium-to-large birds, typically with gray or brown plumage, often with white markings on the wings. They have longish bills with hooked tips and webbed feet with sharp claws. They look like large dark gulls, but have a fleshy cere above the upper mandible. They are strong, acrobatic fliers. Five species have been recorded in South Carolina.
* Great skua, Stercorarius skua (R)
* South polar skua, Stercorarius maccormicki (R)
* Pomarine jaeger, Stercorarius pomarinus (RI)
* Parasitic jaeger, Stercorarius parasiticus (RI)
* Long-tailed jaeger, Stercorarius longicaudus (R)

## Auks, murres, and puffins

Order: Charadriiformes Family: Alcidae
Alcids are superficially similar to penguins due to their black-and-white colors, their upright posture, and some of their habits; however, they are not related to the penguins and are able to fly. Auks live on the open sea, only deliberately coming ashore to nest. Six species have been recorded in South Carolina.
* Dovekie, Alle alle (R)
* Common murre, Uria aalge (R)
* Thick-billed murre, Uria lomvia (R)
* Razorbill, Alca torda (RI)
* Black guillemot, Cepphus grylle (R)
* Long-billed murrelet, Brachyramphus perdix (R)

## Gulls, terns, and skimmers

Order: Charadriiformes Family: Laridae
Gulls are typically medium-to-large birds, usually gray or white, often with black markings on the head or wings. They have stout, longish bills and webbed feet. The large species take up to four years to attain full adult plumage, but two years is typical for small gulls. Terns are in general medium-to-large birds, typically with gray or white plumage, often with black markings on the head. They have longish bills and webbed feet. They are lighter bodied and more streamlined than gulls and look elegant in flight with long tails and long narrow wings. Skimmers are tropical and subtropical species. They have an elongated lower mandible which they use by flying low over the water surface skimming the water for small fish. Thirty Laridae species have been recorded in South Carolina.
* Black-legged kittiwake, Rissa tridactyla (RI)
* Sabine's gull, Xema sabini (R)
* Bonaparte's gull, Chroicocephalus philadelphia
* Black-headed gull, Chroicocephalus ridibundus (R)
* Little gull, Hydrocoloeus minutus (R)
* Laughing gull, Leucophaeus atricilla
* Franklin's gull, Leucophaeus pipixcan (R)
* Heermann's gull, Larus heermanni (R)
* Ring-billed gull, Larus delawarensis
* California gull, Larus californicus
* Herring gull, Larus argentatus
* Iceland gull, Larus glaucoides (R)
* Lesser black-backed gull, Larus fuscus
* Glaucous gull, Larus hyperboreus (RI)
* Great black-backed gull, Larus marinus
* Brown noddy, Anous stolidus (R)
* Sooty tern, Onychoprion fuscata (RI)
* Bridled tern, Onychoprion anaethetus (RI)
* Least tern, Sternula antillarum
* Gull-billed tern, Gelochelidon nilotica
* Caspian tern, Hydroprogne caspia
* Black tern, Chlidonias niger
* White-winged tern, Chlidonias leucopterus (R)
* Roseate tern, Sterna dougallii (R)
* Common tern, Sterna hirundo (RI)
* Arctic tern, Sterna paradisaea (R)
* Forster's tern, Sterna forsteri
* Royal tern, Thalasseus maxima (RI)
* Sandwich tern, Thalasseus sandvicensis (RI)
* Black skimmer, Rynchops niger
* Laughing gull
* Ring-billed gull
* Royal tern

## Tropicbirds

Order: Phaethontiformes Family: Phaethontidae
Tropicbirds are slender white birds of tropical oceans with exceptionally long central tail feathers. Their long wings have black markings, as does the head. Two species have been recorded in South Carolina.
* White-tailed tropicbird, Phaethon lepturus (R)
* Red-billed tropicbird, Phaethon aethereus (R)

## Loons

Order: Gaviiformes Family: Gaviidae
Loons are aquatic birds the size of a large duck, to which they are unrelated. Their plumage is largely gray or black, and they have spear-shaped bills. Loons swim well and fly adequately, but, because their legs are placed towards the rear of the body, are extremely poor at walking. Three species have been recorded in South Carolina.
* Red-throated loon, Gavia stellata
* Pacific loon, Gavia pacifica (R)
* Common loon, Gavia immer

## Southern storm-petrels

Order: Procellariiformes Family: Oceanitidae
The storm-petrels are the smallest seabirds, relatives of the petrels, feeding on planktonic crustaceans and small fish picked from the surface, typically while hovering. The flight is fluttering and sometimes bat-like. Until 2018, this family's three species were included with the other storm-petrels in family Hydrobatidae. One species has been recorded in South Carolina.
* Wilson's storm-petrel, Oceanites oceanicus (RI)

## Northern storm-petrels

Order: Procellariiformes Family: Hydrobatidae
Though the members of this family are similar in many respects to the southern storm-petrels, including their general appearance and habits, there are enough genetic differences to warrant their placement in a separate family. Two species have been recorded in South Carolina.
* Leach's storm-petrel, Hydrobates leucorhous (R)
* Band-rumped storm-petrel, Hydrobates castro (R)

## Shearwaters and petrels

Order: Procellariiformes Family: Procellariidae
The procellariids are the main group of medium-sized "true petrels", characterized by united nostrils with medium septum and a long outer functional primary. Nine species have been recorded in South Carolina.
* Northern fulmar, Fulmarus glacialis (R)
* Trindade petrel, Pterodroma arminjoniana (R)
* Black-capped petrel, Pterodroma hasitata (RI)
* Fea's petrel, Pterodroma feae (R)
* Cory's shearwater, Calonectris diomedea (RI)
* Sooty shearwater, Ardenna griseus (R)
* Great shearwater, Ardenna gravis (RI)
* Manx shearwater, Puffinus puffinus (R)
* Audubon's shearwater, Puffinus lherminieri (RI)

## Storks

Order: Ciconiiformes Family: Ciconiidae
Storks are large, heavy, long-legged, long-necked wading birds with long stout bills and wide wingspans. They lack the powder down that other wading birds such as herons, spoonbills, and ibises use to clean off fish slime. Storks lack a pharynx and are mute. One species has been recorded in South Carolina.
* Wood stork, Mycteria americana

## Frigatebirds

Order: Suliformes Family: Fregatidae
Frigatebirds are large seabirds usually found over tropical oceans. They are large, black, or black-and-white, with long wings and deeply forked tails. The males have colored inflatable throat pouches. They do not swim or walk and cannot take off from a flat surface. Having the largest wingspan-to-body-weight ratio of any bird, they are essentially aerial, able to stay aloft for more than a week. One species has been recorded in South Carolina.
* Magnificent frigatebird, Fregata magnificens (RI)

## Boobies and gannets

Order: Suliformes Family: Sulidae
The sulids comprise the gannets and boobies. Both groups are medium-large coastal seabirds that plunge-dive for fish. Four species have been recorded in South Carolina.
* Masked booby, Sula dactylatra (R)
* Brown booby, Sula leucogaster (R)
* Red-footed booby, Sula sula (R)
* Northern gannet, Morus bassanus (RI)

## Anhingas

Order: Suliformes Family: Anhingidae
Anhingas are cormorant-like water birds with long necks and long, straight beaks. They are fish eaters and often swim with only their neck above water giving them the appearance of a snake. One species has been recorded in South Carolina.
* Anhinga, Anhinga anhinga

## Cormorants and shags

Order: Suliformes Family: Phalacrocoracidae
Cormorants are medium-to-large aquatic birds, usually with mainly dark plumage and areas of colored skin on the face. The bill is long, thin, and sharply hooked. Their feet are four-toed and webbed. Two species have been recorded in South Carolina.
* Great cormorant, Phalacrocorax carbo (RI)
* Double-crested cormorant, Nannopterum auritum

## Pelicans

Order: Pelecaniformes Family: Pelecanidae
Pelicans are large waterbirds with a distinctive pouch under their beak. Like other birds in the order Pelecaniformes, they have four webbed toes. Two species have been recorded in South Carolina.
* American white pelican, Pelecanus erythrorhynchos
* Brown pelican, Pelecanus occidentalis (RI)

## Herons, egrets, and bitterns

Order: Pelecaniformes Family: Ardeidae
The family Ardeidae contains the herons, egrets, and bitterns. Herons and egrets are medium- to large wading birds with long necks and legs. Bitterns tend to be shorter-necked and more secretive. Members of Ardeidae fly with their necks retracted, unlike other long-necked birds such as storks, ibises, and spoonbills. Twelve species have been recorded in South Carolina.
* American bittern, Botaurus lentiginosus
* Least bittern, Ixobrychus exilis
* Great blue heron, Ardea herodias
* Great egret, Ardea alba
* Snowy egret, Egretta thula
* Little blue heron, Egretta caerulea
* Tricolored heron, Egretta tricolor
* Reddish egret, Egretta rufescens (RI)
* Cattle egret, Bubulcus ibis
* Green heron, Butorides virescens
* Black-crowned night-heron, Nycticorax nycticorax
* Yellow-crowned night-heron, Nyctanassa violacea

## Ibises and spoonbills

Order: Pelecaniformes Family: Threskiornithidae
Threskiornithidae includes the ibises and spoonbills. They have long, broad wings and their bodies tend to be elongated, the neck more so, with rather long legs. The bill is also long and decurved in the case of the ibises, and straight and distinctively flattened in the spoonbills. Five species have been recorded in South Carolina.
* White ibis, Eudocimus albus
* Scarlet ibis, Eudocimus ruber (P2) (R)
* Glossy ibis, Plegadis falcinellus
* White-faced ibis, Plegadis chihi (R)
* Roseate spoonbill, Platalea ajaja

## New World vultures

Order: Cathartiformes Family: Cathartidae
The New World vultures are not closely related to Old World vultures, but superficially resemble them because of convergent evolution. Like the Old World vultures, they are scavengers. However, unlike Old World vultures, which find carcasses by sight, New World vultures have a good sense of smell with which they locate carcasses. Two species have been recorded in South Carolina.
* Black vulture, Coragyps atratus
* Turkey vulture, Cathartes aura

## Osprey

Order: Accipitriformes Family: Pandionidae
The osprey is a medium-large fish-eating bird of prey or raptor. It is widely distributed because it tolerates a wide variety of habitats, nesting in any location that is near a body of water and provides an adequate food supply. It is the only member of its family.
* Osprey, Pandion haliaetus

## Hawks, eagles, and kites

Order: Accipitriformes Family: Accipitridae
The bird of prey family Accipitridae includes hawks, eagles, kites, harriers, and Old World vultures. These birds have large powerful hooked beaks for tearing flesh from their prey, strong legs, powerful talons, and keen eyesight. Sixteen species have been recorded in South Carolina.
* White-tailed kite, Elanus leucurus (R)
* Swallow-tailed kite, Elanoides forficatus
* Golden eagle, Aquila chrysaetos
* Northern harrier, Circus hudsonius
* Sharp-shinned hawk, Accipiter striatus
* Cooper's hawk, Accipiter cooperii
* American goshawk, Accipiter atricapillus (R)
* Bald eagle, Haliaeetus leucocephalus
* Mississippi kite, Ictinia mississippiensis
* Snail kite, Rostrhamus sociabilis (R)
* Red-shouldered hawk, Buteo lineatus
* Broad-winged hawk, Buteo platypterus
* Short-tailed hawk, Buteo brachyurus (R)
* Swainson's hawk, Buteo swainsoni (R)
* Red-tailed hawk, Buteo jamaicensis
* Rough-legged hawk, Buteo lagopus (R)

## Barn-owls

Order: Strigiformes Family: Tytonidae
Barn-owls are medium to large owls with large heads and characteristic heart-shaped faces. They have long strong legs with powerful talons.
* American barn owl, Tyto furcata

## Owls

Order: Strigiformes Family: Strigidae
The typical owls are small-to-large solitary nocturnal birds of prey. They have large forward-facing eyes and ears, a hawk-like beak, and a conspicuous circle of feathers around each eye called a facial disk. Eight species have been recorded in South Carolina.
* Eastern screech-owl, Megascops asio
* Great horned owl, Bubo virginianus
* Snowy owl, Bubo scandiacus (R)
* Burrowing owl, Athene cunicularia (R)
* Barred owl, Strix varia
* Long-eared owl, Asio otus (R)
* Short-eared owl, Asio flammeus
* Northern saw-whet owl, Aegolius acadicus (R)

## Kingfishers

Order: Coraciiformes Family: Alcedinidae
Kingfishers are medium-sized birds with large heads, long, pointed bills, short legs, and stubby tails. One species has been recorded in South Carolina.
* Belted kingfisher, Megaceryle alcyon

## Woodpeckers

Order: Piciformes Family: Picidae
Woodpeckers are small- to medium-sized birds with chisel-like beaks, short legs, stiff tails, and long tongues used for capturing insects. Some species have feet with two toes pointing forward and two backward, while several species have only three toes. Many woodpeckers have the habit of tapping noisily on tree trunks with their beaks. Nine species have been recorded in South Carolina.
* Red-headed woodpecker, Melanerpes erythrocephalus
* Red-bellied woodpecker, Melanerpes carolinus
* Yellow-bellied sapsucker, Sphyrapicus varius
* Downy woodpecker, Dryobates pubescens
* Red-cockaded woodpecker, Dryobates borealis
* Hairy woodpecker, Dryobates villosus
* Northern flicker, Colaptes auratus
* Pileated woodpecker, Dryocopus pileatus
* Ivory-billed woodpecker, Campephilus principalis (E) (R)

## Falcons and caracaras

Order: Falconiformes Family: Falconidae
Falconidae is a family of diurnal birds of prey, notably the falcons and caracaras. They differ from hawks, eagles, and kites in that they kill with their beaks instead of their talons. Five species have been recorded in South Carolina.
* Crested caracara, Caracara plancus (R)
* American kestrel, Falco sparverius
* Merlin, Falco columbarius
* Peregrine falcon, Falco peregrinus
* Prairie falcon, Falco mexicanus (P2) (R)

## New World and African parrots

Order: Psittaciformes Family: Psittacidae
Parrots are small-to-large birds with a characteristic curved beak. Their upper mandibles have slight mobility in the joint with the skull and they have a generally erect stance. All parrots are zygodactyl, having the four toes on each foot placed two at the front and two at the back. Most of the more than 150 species in this family are found in the New World. Three species have been recorded in South Carolina.
* Monk parakeet, Myiopsitta monachus (P2) (R)
* Carolina parakeet, Conuropsis carolinensis (E)
* Green parakeet, Aratinga holochlora (P2) (R)

## Old World parrots

Order: Psittaciformes Family: Psittaculidae
Characteristic features of parrots include a strong curved bill, an upright stance, strong legs, and clawed zygodactyl feet. Many parrots are vividly colored, and some are multi-colored. In size they range from 8 cm (3.1 in) to 1 m (3.3 ft) in length. Old World parrots are found from Africa east across south and southeast Asia and Oceania to Australia and New Zealand. One species has been recorded in South Carolina.
* Budgerigar, Melopsittacus undulatus (P2) (R)

## Tyrant flycatchers

Order: Passeriformes Family: Tyrannidae
Tyrant flycatchers are passerine birds which occur throughout North and South America. They superficially resemble the Old World flycatchers, but are more robust and have stronger bills. They do not have the sophisticated vocal capabilities of the songbirds. Most, but not all, have rather plain plumage. As the name implies, most are insectivorous. Nineteen species have been recorded in South Carolina.
* Ash-throated flycatcher, Myiarchus cinerascens (R)
* Great crested flycatcher, Myiarchus crinitus
* Great kiskadee, Pitangus sulphuratus (R)
* Tropical kingbird, Tyrannus melancholicus (R)
* Western kingbird, Tyrannus verticalis
* Eastern kingbird, Tyrannus tyrannus
* Gray kingbird, Tyrannus dominicensis (RI)
* Scissor-tailed flycatcher, Tyrannus forficatus
* Fork-tailed flycatcher, Tyrannus savana (R)
* Olive-sided flycatcher, Contopus cooperi
* Eastern wood-pewee, Contopus virens
* Yellow-bellied flycatcher, Empidonax flaviventris
* Acadian flycatcher, Empidonax virescens
* Alder flycatcher, Empidonax alnorum (R)
* Willow flycatcher, Empidonax traillii
* Least flycatcher, Empidonax minimus
* Eastern phoebe, Sayornis phoebe
* Say's phoebe, Sayornis saya (R)
* Vermilion flycatcher, Pyrocephalus rubinus (R)

## Vireos, shrike-babblers, and erpornis

Order: Passeriformes Family: Vireonidae
The vireos are a group of small- to medium-sized passerine birds. They are typically greenish and resemble the wood warblers, except for their heavier bills. Nine species have been recorded in South Carolina.
* White-eyed vireo, Vireo griseus
* Bell's vireo, Vireo bellii (R)
* Yellow-throated vireo, Vireo flavifrons
* Blue-headed vireo, Vireo solitarius
* Philadelphia vireo, Vireo philadelphicus
* Warbling vireo, Vireo gilvus
* Red-eyed vireo, Vireo olivaceus
* Yellow-green vireo, Vireo flavoviridis (R)
* Black-whiskered vireo, Vireo altiloquus (R)

## Shrikes

Order: Passeriformes Family: Laniidae
Shrikes are passerine birds known for their habit of catching other birds and small animals and impaling the uneaten portions of their bodies on thorns. A shrike's beak is hooked, like that of a typical bird of prey. One species has been recorded in South Carolina.
* Loggerhead shrike, Lanius ludovicianus

## Crows, jays, and magpies

Order: Passeriformes Family: Corvidae
The family Corvidae includes crows, ravens, jays, choughs, magpies, treepies, nutcrackers, and ground jays. Corvids are above average in size for the Passeriformes. Some of the larger species show high levels of learned behavior. Five species have been recorded in South Carolina.
* Blue jay, Cyanocitta cristata
* Black-billed magpie, Pica hudsonia (H) (R)
* House crow, Corvus splendens (P2) (R) (not on the AOS Check-list; name and placement are per Clements)
* American crow, Corvus brachyrhynchos
* Fish crow, Corvus ossifragus
* Common raven, Corvus corax

## Tits, chickadees, and titmice

Order: Passeriformes Family: Paridae
The Paridae are mainly small stocky woodland species with short stout bills. Some have crests. They are adaptable birds, with a mixed diet which includes seeds and insects. Three species have been recorded in South Carolina.
* Carolina chickadee, Poecile carolinensis
* Black-capped chickadee, Poecile atricapillus (H) (R)
* Tufted titmouse, Baeolophus bicolor

## Larks

Order: Passeriformes Family: Alaudidae
Larks are small terrestrial birds with often extravagant songs and display flights. Most larks are fairly dull in appearance. They feed on insects and seeds. One species has been recorded in South Carolina.
* Horned lark, Eremophila alpestris

## Swallows

Order: Passeriformes Family: Hirundinidae
The family Hirundinidae is adapted to aerial feeding. They have a slender streamlined body, long pointed wings, and a short bill with a wide gape. Their feet are designed for perching rather than walking and the front toes are partially joined at the base. Seven species have been recorded in South Carolina.
* Bank swallow, Riparia riparia
* Tree swallow, Tachycineta bicolor
* Northern rough-winged swallow, Stelgidopteryx serripennis
* Purple martin, Progne subis
* Barn swallow, Hirundo rustica
* Cliff swallow, Petrochelidon pyrrhonota
* Cave swallow, Petrochelidon fulva (R)

## Long-tailed tits

Order: Passeriformes Family: Aegithalidae
Long-tailed tits are a group of small passerine birds with medium-to-long tails. They make woven bag nests in trees. Most eat a mixed diet which includes insects. One species has been recorded in South Carolina.
* Bushtit, Psaltriparus minimus (H) (R)

## Kinglets

Order: Passeriformes Family: Regulidae
The kinglets are a family of small insectivorous birds. The adults have colored crowns, giving rise to their name. Two species have been recorded in South Carolina.
* Ruby-crowned kinglet, Corthylio calendula
* Golden-crowned kinglet, Regulus satrapa

## Waxwings

Order: Passeriformes Family: Bombycillidae
The waxwings are a group of birds with soft silky plumage and unique red tips to some of the wing feathers. In the Bohemian and cedar waxwings, these tips look like sealing wax and give the group its name. These are arboreal birds of northern forests. They live on insects in summer and berries in winter. One species has been recorded in South Carolina.
* Cedar waxwing, Bombycilla cedrorum

## Nuthatches

Order: Passeriformes Family: Sittidae
Nuthatches are small woodland birds. They have the unusual ability to climb down trees head first, unlike other birds, which can only go upwards. Nuthatches have big heads, short tails, and powerful bills and feet. Three species have been recorded in South Carolina.
* Red-breasted nuthatch, Sitta canadensis
* White-breasted nuthatch, Sitta carolinensis
* Brown-headed nuthatch, Sitta pusilla

## Treecreepers

Order: Passeriformes Family: Certhiidae
Treecreepers are small woodland birds with brown backs and white underparts. They have thin, pointed, down-curved bills, which they use to extricate insects from bark. They have stiff tail feathers, like woodpeckers, which they use to support themselves on vertical trees. One species has been recorded in South Carolina.
* Brown creeper, Certhia americana

## Gnatcatchers

Order: Passeriformes Family: Polioptilidae
These dainty birds resemble Old World warblers in their structure and habits, moving restlessly through foliage while seeking insects. The gnatcatchers are mainly a soft bluish gray in color and have the long sharp bill typical of an insectivore. Many species have distinctive black head patterns (especially males) and long, regularly cocked black-and-white tails. One species has been recorded in South Carolina.
* Blue-gray gnatcatcher, Polioptila caerulea

## Wrens

Order: Passeriformes Family: Troglodytidae
Wrens are small and inconspicuous birds, except for their loud songs. They have short wings and thin down-turned bills. Several species often hold their tails upright. All are insectivorous. Six species have been recorded in South Carolina.
* House wren, Troglodytes aedon
* Winter wren, Troglodytes hiemalis
* Sedge wren, Cistothorus platensis
* Marsh wren, Cistothorus palustris
* Carolina wren, Thryothorus ludovicianus
* Bewick's wren, Thryomanes bewickii (R)

## Mockingbirds and thrashers

Order: Passeriformes Family: Mimidae
The mimids are a family of passerine birds that includes thrashers, mockingbirds, tremblers, and the New World catbirds. These birds are notable for their vocalization, especially their remarkable ability to mimic a wide variety of birds and other sounds heard outdoors. The species' appearance tends towards dull grays and browns. Four species have been recorded in South Carolina.
* Gray catbird, Dumetella carolinensis
* Brown thrasher, Toxostoma rufum
* Sage thrasher, Oreoscoptes montanus (R)
* Northern mockingbird, Mimus polyglottos

## Starlings

Order: Passeriformes Family: Sturnidae
Starlings are small- to medium-sized Old World passerine birds with strong feet. Their flight is strong and direct and most are gregarious. Their preferred habitat is fairly open country, and they eat insects and fruit. The plumage of several species is dark with a metallic sheen. One species has been recorded in South Carolina.
* European starling, Sturnus vulgaris (I)

## Thrushes and allies

Order: Passeriformes Family: Turdidae
The thrushes are a group of passerine birds that are mainly but not exclusively in the Old World. They are plump, soft plumaged, small- to medium-sized insectivores or sometimes omnivores, often feeding on the ground. Ten species have been recorded in South Carolina.
* Eastern bluebird, Sialia sialis
* Townsend's solitaire, Myadestes townsendi (P1) (R)
* Veery, Catharus fuscescens
* Gray-cheeked thrush, Catharus minimus
* Bicknell's thrush, Catharus bicknelli (R)
* Swainson's thrush, Catharus ustulatus
* Hermit thrush, Catharus guttatus
* Wood thrush, Hylocichla mustelina
* American robin, Turdus migratorius
* Varied thrush, Ixoreus naevius (R)

## Old World flycatchers

Order: Passeriformes Family: Muscicapidae
The Old World flycatchers are a large family of small passerine birds. These are mainly arboreal insectivores, many of which, as the name implies, take their prey on the wing. One species has been recorded in South Carolina.
* Northern wheatear, Oenanthe oenanthe (H) (R)

## Weavers and allies

Order: Passeriformes Family: Ploceidae
The weavers are small passerine birds related to the finches. They are seed-eating birds with rounded conical bills. The males of many species are brightly colored, usually in red or yellow and black. Some species show variation in color only in the breeding season. One species has been recorded in South Carolina.
* Village weaver, Ploceus cucullatus (P2) (R)

## Waxbills and allies

Order: Passeriformes Family: Estrildidae
The estrildid finches are small passerine birds of the Old World tropics and Australasia. They are gregarious and often colonial seed eaters with short thick but pointed bills. They are all similar in structure and habits, but have wide variation in plumage colours and patterns.
* Scaly-breasted munia, Lonchura punctulata (P2) (R)
* Tricolored munia, Lonchura malacca (P2) (R)

## Old World sparrows

Order: Passeriformes Family: Passeridae
Old World sparrows are small passerine birds. In general, these sparrows tend to be small plump brownish or grayish birds with short tails and short powerful beaks. Sparrows are seed eaters, but they also consume small insects. One species has been recorded in South Carolina.
* House sparrow, Passer domesticus (I)

## Wagtails and pipits

Order: Passeriformes Family: Motacillidae
Motacillidae is a family of small passerine birds with medium to long tails. They include the wagtails, longclaws, and pipits. They are slender, ground-feeding insectivores of open country. Three species have been recorded in South Carolina.
* White wagtail, Motacilla alba (R)
* American pipit, Anthus rubescens
* Sprague's pipit, Anthus spragueii (R)

## Finches, euphonias, and allies

Order: Passeriformes Family: Fringillidae
Finches are seed-eating passerines that are small to moderately large and have a strong beak, usually conical and in some species very large. All have twelve tail feathers and nine primaries. These birds have a bouncing flight with alternating bouts of flapping and gliding on closed wings, and most sing well. Ten species have been recorded in South Carolina.
* Evening grosbeak, Coccothraustes vespertinus
* Pine grosbeak, Pinicola enucleator (P1) (R)
* House finch, Haemorhous mexicanus (native to the southwestern U.S.; introduced in the east)
* Purple finch, Haemorhous purpureus
* Common redpoll, Acanthis flammea (R)
* Red crossbill, Loxia curvirostra
* White-winged crossbill, Loxia leucoptera (R)
* European goldfinch, Carduelis tristis (P2) (R)
* Pine siskin, Spinus carduelis
* American goldfinch, Spinus tristis

## Longspurs and snow buntings

Order: Passeriformes Family: Calcariidae
The Calcariidae are a group of passerine birds that were traditionally grouped with the New World sparrows, but differ in a number of respects and are usually found in open grassy areas. Three species have been recorded in South Carolina.
* Lapland longspur, Calcarius lapponicus
* Smith's longspur, Calcarius pictus (R)
* Snow bunting, Plectrophenax nivalis

## New World sparrows

Order: Passeriformes Family: Passerellidae
Until 2017, these species were considered part of the family Emberizidae. Most of the species are known as sparrows, but these birds are not closely related to the Old World sparrows which are in the family Passeridae. Many of these have distinctive head patterns. Twenty-seven species have been recorded in South Carolina.
* Bachman's sparrow, Peucaea aestivalis
* Grasshopper sparrow, Ammodramus savannarum
* Lark sparrow, Chondestes grammacus
* Lark bunting, Calamospiza melanocorys (R)
* Chipping sparrow, Spizella passerina
* Clay-colored sparrow, Spizella pallida
* Field sparrow, Spizella pusilla
* Fox sparrow, Passerella iliaca
* American tree sparrow, Spizelloides arborea (R)
* Dark-eyed junco, Junco hyemalis
* White-crowned sparrow, Zonotrichia leucophrys
* Golden-crowned sparrow, Zonotrichia atricapilla (P1) (R)
* Harris's sparrow, Zonotrichia querula (R)
* White-throated sparrow, Zonotrichia albicollis
* Vesper sparrow, Pooecetes gramineus
* LeConte's sparrow, Ammospiza leconteii
* Seaside sparrow, Ammospiza maritima
* Nelson's sparrow, Ammospiza nelsoni (RI)
* Saltmarsh sparrow, Ammospiza caudacuta (RI)
* Henslow's sparrow, Centronyx henslowii
* Savannah sparrow, Passerculus sandwichensis
* Song sparrow, Melospiza melodia
* Lincoln's sparrow, Melospiza lincolnii
* Swamp sparrow, Melospiza georgiana
* Green-tailed towhee, Pipilo chlorurus (R)
* Spotted towhee, Pipilo maculatus (R)
* Eastern towhee, Pipilo erythrophthalmus
* Saltmarsh sparrow
* Chipping sparrow
* Eastern towhee

## Yellow-breasted chat

Order: Passeriformes Family: Icteriidae
This species was historically placed in the wood-warblers (Parulidae) but nonetheless most authorities were unsure if it belonged there. It was placed in its own family in 2017.
* Yellow-breasted chat, Icteria virens

## Troupials and allies

Order: Passeriformes Family: Icteridae
The icterids are a group of small-to-medium-sized, often colorful passerine birds restricted to the New World and include the grackles, New World blackbirds, and New World orioles. Most species have black as a predominant plumage color, often enlivened by yellow, orange, or red. Seventeen species have been recorded in South Carolina.
* Yellow-headed blackbird, Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus
* Bobolink, Dolichonyx oryzivorus
* Eastern meadowlark, Sturnella magna
* Western meadowlark, Sturnella neglecta (R)
* Orchard oriole, Icterus spurius
* Venezuelan troupial, Icterus icterus (P2) (R) (not on the AOS Check-list; name and placement are per Clements)
* Bullock's oriole, Icterus bullockii (R)
* Baltimore oriole, Icterus galbula
* Scott's oriole, Icterus parisorum (R)
* Red-winged blackbird, Agelaius phoeniceus
* Shiny cowbird, Molothrus bonariensis (R)
* Bronzed cowbird, Molothrus aeneus (R)
* Brown-headed cowbird, Molothrus ater
* Rusty blackbird, Euphagus carolinus
* Brewer's blackbird, Euphagus cyanocephalus
* Common grackle, Quiscalus quiscula
* Boat-tailed grackle, Quiscalus major (RI)

## New World warblers

Order: Passeriformes Family: Parulidae
The New World warblers are a group of small, often colorful passerine birds restricted to the New World. Most are arboreal but some, such as the ovenbird, are more terrestrial. Most members of this family are insectivores. Forty-two species have been recorded in South Carolina.
* Ovenbird, Seiurus aurocapilla
* Worm-eating warbler, Helmitheros vermivorum
* Louisiana waterthrush, Parkesia motacilla
* Northern waterthrush, Parkesia noveboracensis
* Bachman's warbler, Vermivora bachmanii (E)
* Golden-winged warbler, Vermivora chrysoptera
* Blue-winged warbler, Vermivora cyanoptera
* Black-and-white warbler, Mniotilta varia
* Prothonotary warbler, Protonotaria citrea
* Swainson's warbler, Limnothlypis swainsonii
* Tennessee warbler, leiothlypis peregrina
* Orange-crowned warbler, leiothlypis celata
* Nashville warbler, leiothlypis ruficapilla
* Connecticut warbler, Oporornis agilis
* MacGillivray's warbler, Geothlypis tolmiei
* Mourning warbler, Geothlypis philadelphia (R)
* Kentucky warbler, Geothlypis formosa
* Common yellowthroat, Geothlypis trichas
* Hooded warbler, Setophaga citrina
* American redstart, Setophaga ruticilla
* Kirtland's warbler, Setophaga kirtlandii (R)
* Cape May warbler, Setophaga tigrina
* Cerulean warbler, Setophaga cerulea
* Northern parula, Setophaga americana
* Magnolia warbler, Setophaga magnolia
* Bay-breasted warbler, Setophaga castanea
* Blackburnian warbler, Setophaga fusca
* Yellow warbler, Setophaga petechia
* Chestnut-sided warbler, Setophaga pensylvanica
* Blackpoll warbler, Setophaga striata
* Black-throated blue warbler, Setophaga caerulescens
* Palm warbler, Setophaga palmarum
* Pine warbler, Setophaga pinus
* Yellow-rumped warbler, Setophaga coronata
* Yellow-throated warbler, Setophaga dominica
* Prairie warbler, Setophaga discolor
* Black-throated gray warbler, Setophaga nigrescens (R)
* Townsend's warbler, Setophaga townsendi (R)
* Black-throated green warbler, Setophaga virens
* Canada warbler, Cardellina canadensis
* Wilson's warbler, Cardellina pusilla
* Chestnut-sided warbler
* Black-throated blue warbler
* Yellow-rumped warbler
* Blackburnian warbler

## Cardinals and allies

Order: Passeriformes Family: Cardinalidae
The cardinals are a family of robust seed-eating passerines with strong bills. They typically live in open woodland. The sexes usually have distinct plumage. Eleven species have been recorded in South Carolina.
* Summer tanager, Piranga olivacea
* Scarlet tanager, Piranga olivacea
* Western tanager, Piranga ludoviciana
* Northern cardinal, Cardinalis cardinalis
* Rose-breasted grosbeak, Pheucticus ludovicianus
* Black-headed grosbeak, Pheucticus melanocephalus (R)
* Blue grosbeak, Passerina caerulea
* Lazuli bunting, Passerina amoena (R)
* Indigo bunting, Passerina cyanea
* Painted bunting, Passerina ciris
* Dickcissel, Spiza americana

## Tanagers and allies

Order: Passeriformes Family: Thraupidae
The tanagers are a large group of small- to medium-sized passerine birds that inhabit the New World, mainly in the tropics. Many species are brightly colored. As a family they are omnivorous, but individual species specialize in eating fruits, seeds, insects, or other types of food. Most have short, rounded wings. One species has been recorded in South Carolina.
* Red-crested cardinal, Paroaria coronata (P2) (R) (on the AOS Check-list, but not noted as present in the U.S.)