OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# B. V. Bowden, Baron Bowden

Bertram Vivian Bowden, Baron Bowden (/ˈboʊdən/; 18 January 1910 – 28 July 1989) was an English scientist and educationist, particularly associated with the development of UMIST as a successful university.

## Life

Born, Chesterfield, Derbyshire, he attended Hasland Junior School and Chesterfield Grammar School as a child and graduated in natural sciences from Emmanuel College, Cambridge in 1931, taking his Ph.D. in nuclear physics while working at Cavendish Laboratory under Ernest Rutherford. From 1934 to 1935 he was sponsored by ICI to undertake research at the University of Amsterdam.
After a period in teaching, in 1940 he was conscripted to the Telecommunications Research Establishment to work on radar, including an improved system to distinguish between friend and foe. From 1943, he continued his work at the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, establishing himself as an able and effective administrator. From the end of World War II to 1953 he held a series of jobs, including selling early computers manufactured by Ferranti. His prescient forecasts of the impact that the technology would have on daily life were published in his 1953 book Faster than Thought.
In 1953, Bowden became principal of the Manchester College of Science and Technology, a vocational education college in Manchester. The post-war expansion in university education in Britain, coupled with Bowden's energy, creativity and lobbying soon entailed the college's transformation into UMIST (University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology).
On 18 January 1964, he was created a life peer as Baron Bowden, of Chesterfield in the County of Derby and later in this year, Harold Wilson appointed him Minister for Education and Science. However, Westminster and the labyrinths of the civil service were ill-matched to Bowden's direct approach and, in 1965 he returned to UMIST. He retired in 1976.
Bowden was married four times and had three children. He died in Bowdon, Cheshire.

## Islamic finance

Bowden was interested in Islamic finance and economics, enough to suggest an Institute for the History of Islamic Science and Commerce, though this never materialised. His interest in the subject continued and he once mentioned the subject at length in the House of Lords. His interest in the subject was spurred by his colleague Salim Al-Hassani.

## Honours

* Distinguished Fellow of the British Computer Society (1976)
* Honorary Fellow of the Institution of Civil Engineers (1975);
* Pioneer Award of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (1973).
# Marcus Mann

Marcus Mann may refer to:
* Marcus Mann (basketball) (born 1973), American basketball player
* Marcus Mann (footballer) (born 1984), German footballer
# Clifford Essex

Clifford Essex (1869 – 2 February 1946) was an English banjoist, teacher, and instrument manufacturer during the Victorian and Edwardian eras.

## Biography

Essex formed a partnership with Alfred D. Cammeyer in 1883 and sold banjos under the brand "Essex and Cammeyer", in Piccadilly, London, before establishing his own firm in 1900, as Clifford Essex And Co, in Soho, the company that would eventuate into a private entity under varying titles, existing until 1977. The Company was revived after a long hiatus in 2007, by former employee and prominent banjoist Clem Vickery. Essex manufactured banjos and mandolins, wrote books on playing the banjos, performed in various bands, in particular "The Clifford Essex Banjo Band", described as a banjo orchestra and gave music lessons in London from 1883 until his death around 1946.
In 1903 he founded BMG magazine (an initialism for Banjo, Mandolin and Guitar), which is still being published in England.
He died at his home in Wimbledon on 2 February 1946; he was 87.
# Julio Ko

Julio Ko(고병국) (born in 1970, also known as 고병국, Byeong Guk Ko) is a South Korean sea kayaker and outdoor educator who has trained students and children in adaptive paddling and water sports safety since 2009. He is one of the Jehovah's Witnesses baptized in 22nd, Nov. 2015.

## Biography

Ko was raised in Gwangju, Gyeonggi Province, South Korea. His father worked as a mason. At 23 he flew to Sydney, Australia to learn ocean sports. He was inspired by his relative Soo Kyung Kim (Julio's uncle) who studied automotives in the 1960s in Australia, and told Ko about beaches and active paddling sports in Australia.
Ko attended Northern Sydney Institute of TAFE in New South Wales, Australia, where he met surfers and kayakers in Sydney.
In 2009, he founded Namhae Kayak Club, the first local Sea Kayak Club in Korea. He has invited five thousand kids from World Vision and Government funded low income families, orphans, and lower-body disabled people for teaching adaptive paddling and water safety.
In 2010 Ko circumnavigated Namhae Island, 140 kilometres (87 mi) in 21 hours 50 minutes.
In 2011, he introduced and began teaching surf ski ocean racing for the first time in Korea. He took part in the American Canoe Association(ACA) Level 4 Instructor's Workshop in Half Moon Bay, California. During cold water sessions he learned safety fundamentals of the kayaking from Bryant Burkhardt (Level 5 Instructor of ACA).
In December 2012, Ko was elected as president of the Korean Sea Kayak Association, which is the first and the only sea kayak organization in association with the Korea Coast Guard.
As Namhae-gun became known as a kayaking destination following Namhae Kayak Club's effort, millions of dollars were funded by government to make this Southern rural town as a center of sea kayaking. Namhae-gun invited and awarded Ko for consulting and 'Namhae Waterpark Project' was invented after years of study and survey. The adjacent cities of Goksung-gun and Sacheon-si invited Ko for consulting and he was received by the mayors of both cities.
in 2013, Ko moved his education sites to Seoul, and then to Geoje-si. He founded Okpo Kayak Club in Wahyun Beach, Geoje-si. He met Fabien Nion, a former rower in France, and they worked to grow the club into current size. Education activities currently support over a hundred members under the same goal of spreading sea kayaking in Korea.
He is working for a shipbuilding (oil and gas) company and hosting weekends' full day, and weekdays' evening paddling volunteer lesson programs with support of Okpo Kayak club members in Geoje, Korea.
# Simon Wilson (cyclist)

Simon Wilson (born 1 August 1980) is a British track and road racing cyclist, who last rode for UCI Continental team Ribble Weldtite. Wilson won a bronze medal in the team pursuit at the 2011 British National Track Championships and 2018 British National Track Championships.
# Staszków

Staszków is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Namysłów, within Namysłów County, Opole Voivodeship, in south-western Poland.
# Radioisotope rocket

A radioisotope rocket or radioisotope thermal rocket is a type of thermal rocket engine that uses the heat generated by the decay of radioactive elements to heat a working fluid, which is then exhausted through a rocket nozzle to produce thrust. They are similar in nature to nuclear thermal rockets such as NERVA, but are considerably simpler and often have no moving parts. Alternatively, radioisotopes may be used in a radioisotope electric rocket, in which energy from nuclear decay is used to generate the electricity used to power an electric propulsion system.
The basic idea is a development of existing radioisotope thermoelectric generator, or RTG, systems, in which the heat generated by decaying nuclear fuel is used to generate power. In the rocket application the generator is removed, and the working fluid is instead used to produce thrust directly. Temperatures of about 1,500 to 2,000 °C (2,700 to 3,600 °F) are possible in this system, allowing for specific impulses of about 700 to 800 seconds (7 to 8 kN·s/kg), about double that of the best chemical engines such as the LH2-LOX Space Shuttle Main Engine.
However the amount of power generated by such systems is typically fairly low. Whereas the full "active" reactor system in a nuclear thermal rocket can be expected to generate over a gigawatt, a radioisotope generator might get 5 kW. This means that the design, while highly efficient, can produce thrust levels of perhaps 1.3 to 1.5 N (0.29 to 0.34 lbf), making them useful only for thrusters. In order to increase the power for medium-duration missions, engines would typically use fuels with a short half-life such as polonium-210, as opposed to the typical RTG which would use a long half-life fuel such as plutonium-238 in order to produce more constant power over longer periods of time.
Another drawback to the use of radioisotopes in rockets is an inability to change the operating power. The radioisotope constantly generates heat that must be safely dissipated when it is not heating a propellant. Reactors, on the other hand, can be throttled or shut down as desired.

## Technology development

TRW maintained a fairly active development program known as Poodle from 1961 to 1965, and today the systems are still often known as Poodle thrusters. The name was a play on the larger systems being developed under Project Rover, which led to NERVA. In April 1965 they ran their testbed engine for 65 hours at about 1,500 °C (2,700 °F), producing a specific impulse of 650 to 700 seconds (6.5 to 7 kN·s/kg).

## Photon pressure

Even without an exhaust, the photon pressure of the energy emitted by a thermal source can produce thrust, although an extremely tiny amount. A famous example of spacecraft thrust due to photon pressure was the Pioneer anomaly, in which photons from the onboard radioisotope source caused a tiny but measurable acceleration of the Pioneer spacecraft.
A similar phenomenon occurred on the New Horizons spacecraft; photons (thermal infrared) from the RTG, reflected from the spacecraft's antenna, produced a very small thrust which propelled the spacecraft slightly off course.
# We Know Something You Don't Know

"We Know Something You Don't Know" is a song from DJ Format's 2003 album Music for the Mature B-Boy. It was released as the first single from the album on 10 March 2003 and reached #73 in the UK Singles Chart.

## Track listing

* "We Know Something You Don't Know" (feat. Chali 2na & Akil)
* "Here Comes the Fuzz"
* "As the Drums Pound" (feat. Abdominal)

## Music video

The music video, directed by Ruben Fleischer, features five dancers cavorting around downtown Los Angeles and b-boying in cartoonish animal costumes.

### Influence

The breakdancing animals became a bit of an internet phenomenon, spreading mostly through short animated gifs—despite the fact that few knew where they came from or the song they were associated with. In particular, a breakdancing sequence involving the dancer in the bear suit was parodied and redrawn many times with different characters in his place.

### Trivia

* The animal costumes from this video were later used in a video for another DJ Format track, "The Hit Song." The song uses the line "more hits than Germans surfing fetish websites," as the camera pans out on a website depicting two men in 2na's Shark costume.
* The shark costume was used yet again in the video for the DJ Format song "Vicious Battle Raps." An unknown person wearing the costume can be seen dancing in the background towards the end of the video. The same costume, in a gray color, is used by Steveston-London Secondary School as their mascot.
# Convoy PQ 5

Convoy PQ 5 was the sixth of the Arctic Convoys of World War II by which the Western Allies supplied material aid to the Soviet Union in its fight with Nazi Germany. The Convoy sailed from Hvalfjord, Iceland on 27 November 1941 and arrived at Archangelsk on 13 December 1941.

## Ships

The convoy consisted of 7 transport ships (5 British and 2 Russian) all of which arrived safely, The close escort comprised four minesweepers and distant cover was provided by the cruiser HMS Sheffield
# Jack Fish

Jack Fish may refer to:
* Jack Fish (American football) (1892–1971), American football coach
* Jack Fish (rugby league) (1878–1940), English rugby league footballer
# American Shetland Pony

The American Shetland Pony is an American breed of pony. It derives from the traditional Shetland Pony from the Shetland Isles of Scotland, but as a result of cross-breeding with other horse and pony breeds, is taller and more elegant.$^{:435}$ It does not have the thick coat of the traditional Shetland, and in conformation is more similar to the Hackney Pony, with some Arab influence.$^{:243}$ It is the most numerous pony breed in the United States; numbers in 1994 were estimated at over 50,000. It is one of two American pony breeds derived from the traditional Shetland, the other being the Pony of the Americas.$^{:243}$

## History

The first documented importation of Shetland Ponies to the United States was in 1885, when Eli Elliot imported seventy-five of them. A breed association, the American Shetland Pony Club, was formed in 1888.$^{:243}$ The original stock was crossbred with various other breeds, principally the Hackney Pony. Arabian, Harness Show Pony and Welsh breeds were also used. The result was a taller and more elegant pony than the classic Shetland, with longer legs and finer bone, high withers and a sloping shoulder, and a high action particularly well-suited to harness work.$^{:243}$ It does not have the thick coat of the traditional Shetland, but supposedly retains the hardiness and endurance of that breed; in conformation it is more similar to the Hackney Pony, also showing some Arab influence.$^{:243}$
It is the most numerous pony breed in the United States; numbers in 1994 were estimated at over 50,000. It is one of two American pony breeds derived from the traditional Shetland, the other being the Pony of the Americas.$^{:243}$ It was the principal influence on another Shetland-derived breed, the German Classic Pony.$^{:176}$
American Shetland Ponies may be registered in the American Shetland Pony Club stud book, in one of four sections: foundation, classic, modern, and modern pleasure; they are distinguished by minor variations in conformation, the "foundation" type being the smallest and most similar to the American Shetland of the 1950s. In the past, American Shetlands were registered in section B of the stud book, and the traditional Shetland Pony in section A.$^{:243}$ The stud book has been closed – with some exceptions – to imported Shetlands since 1955.$^{:77}$

## Use

The American Shetland Pony is well-suited to harness use. It may be used as a roadster to pull sulkies, or in fine harness pulling two-wheeled or four-wheeled carts. It may be ridden under either a Western or English saddle, and is also shown at halter.$^{:243}$
# Augustinus Mokoya

Augustinus Mokoya (born 2 June 1977) is a retired Namibian football midfielder.
# Stawki Cieciułowskie

Stawki Cieciułowskie is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Rudniki, within Olesno County, Opole Voivodeship, in south-western Poland.
# John Atte Wode

John Atte Wode was elected MP for Worcestershire in November 1372, November 1373, April 1376, January 1380 and November 1380.
The family held land at Trimpley, Wolverley and Wood Acton, all in Worcestershire.
# György Hubay

György Hubay (born c. 1954) is a Hungarian cyclist and politician, who had been a member of National Assembly from 8 May 2018 to 1 May 2022, representing Miskolc (Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén County 2nd constituency).

## Life

Hubay was born around 1954. He was a professional cyclist in the early 1970s. He claims he was a four-time national champion between 1971 and 1974, but contemporary sports databases do not confirm this. He could not prove either that he ever finished his secondary studies. Thereafter, he worked in the catering industry. According to himself, he worked in South America thereafter.
Returning to Hungary, Hubay was a supporter of István Csurka, a politician from the Hungarian Democratic Forum (MDF) and the Hungarian Justice and Life Party (MIÉP) in the 1990s. He finished a training course of sports organizer and manager at the Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Science of the Semmelweis University in 2000. He was chief organizer of local festival Zsongó Lillafüred in Miskolc in 2003.

## Political career

Hubay was president of the local branch of MIÉP in Miskolc from February 1999 to November 2003. He was a member of the general assembly of Miskolc as candidate of MIÉP from 1998 to 2006 (his candidacy was also supported by KDNP in the 1998 local elections), heading the assembly's sports and youth committee. Hubay was elected the Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén County branch of MIÉP in November 2003. He unsuccessfully ran for a seat in the general assembly of Miskolc during the 2006 Hungarian local elections, as a joint candidate of two civil organizations, the Association of Independents of Miskolc and the Medical Society of Miskolc. After the 2010 Hungarian local elections, he became a confidant of mayor Ákos Kriza and he was employed by Miskolc Holding Ltd., which operates the companies of the municipality. As a politician of Fidesz, Hubay served as a member of the general assembly of Miskolc between 2014 and 2018. He functioned as chairman of the assembly's law enforcement committee and was also entrusted to administer Salkaházi program for retirees.
Hubay was nominated by the Fidesz to become a Member of Parliament for Miskolc (Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén County 2nd constituency) in the 2018 parliamentary election. He narrowly defeated Socialist politician László Varga. He was a member of the Defense and Law Enforcement Committee from 2018 to 2022. He was appointed a vice-chairman of that committee in May 2020. He was also a member of the National Security Committee in the same period. In November 2018, Heti Világgazdaság revealed that Hubay rented two offices in Miskolc above market price from his own employer Miskolc Holding Ltd., while he never held office hours for his constituents. Hubay was replaced as candidate of Fidesz by János Kiss for the 2022 Hungarian parliamentary election in Miskolc 2nd constituency. Kiss ultimately gained the mandate.
# List of football stadiums in Suriname

This short description is INTENTIONALLY "none" &#x2D; please see WP:SDNONE before you consider changing it! The following is a list of football stadiums in Suriname, ordered by capacity.

## Existing stadiums

| # | Stadium | Capacity | City | District | Home team(s) | Opened |
| 1 | André Kamperveen Stadion | 7,100 | Paramaribo | Paramaribo | Suriname national team & Transvaal | 1953 |
| 2 | Dr. Ir. Franklin Essed Stadion | 3,500 | Paramaribo | Paramaribo | Cosmos, Leo Victor, Robinhood, Royal '95, SNL, Super Red Eagles & Walking Boyz Company | 1958 |
| 3 | Clarence Seedorf Stadion | 3,500 | Oost | Para | Suriprofs & The Brothers | 2001 |
| 4 | Asraf Peerkhan Stadion | 3,400 | Nieuw Nickerie | Nickerie | Prakash, PSV, Santos & Zeedijk | 1933 |
| 5 | Mgr. Aloysius Zichem Sportcentrum | 3,100 | Paramaribo | Paramaribo | PVV | 1961 |
| 6 | Ronnie Brunswijkstadion | 3,000 | Moengo | Marowijne | Inter Moengotapoe | 2002 |
| 7 | George W. Streepy Stadion | 3,000 | Paramaribo | Paramaribo | SVB Junior League (youth teams) | 1966 |
| 8 | Eddy Blackman Stadion | 2,000 | Livorno | Paramaribo | Jai Hanuman, Kamal Dewaker & Takdier Boys | ???? |
| 9 | Moengo Stadion | 2,000 | Moengo | Marowijne | Notch | ???? |
| 10 | Nacionello Stadion | 1,500 | Houttuin | Wanica | Nacional Deva Boys | ???? |
| 11 | Voorwaartsveld | 1,500 | Paramaribo | Paramaribo | Voorwaarts | ???? |
| 12 | Bigi Wey Sports Center | 1,300 | Brownsweg | Brokopondo | ACoconut & Tahitie FC [nl] | 2012 |
| 13 | George Deul Complex [nl] | 1,000 | Hannaslust | Wanica | Wanhattie & Young Rhythm | ???? |
| 14 | Letitia Vriesde Sportcomplex | 1,000 | Totness | Coronie | Coronie Boys & West United | ???? |
| 15 | Meerzorg Stadion | 1,000 | Meerzorg | Commewijne | Excelsior & Nishan 42 | ???? |
| 16 | J. Eliazer Stadion | 1,000 | Groningen | Saramacca | Boskamp & Real Saramacca | 1949 |
| 17 | Bomastar Sportscomplex | 1,000 | Lelydorp | Wanica | Bomastar | ???? |
| 18 | Emiel Briel Stadion [nl] | 1,000 | Lelydorp | Wanica | S.V. Jong Rambaan | ???? |
| 19 | Albina Stadion [nl] | 1,000 | Albina | Marowijne | S.V. Papatam | |
# Jaswant Singh Kanwal

Jaswant Singh Kanwal (27 June 1919 – 1 February 2020) was an Indian novelist, short story writer and essayist of the Punjabi language. He was born in the village of Dhudike, Moga District, Punjab, India. As a young teenager he left school and went to Malaya. It was there that he first got interested in literature. He returned to Dhudike after a few years and has lived there ever since. He was awarded the Punjabi Sahit Shiromani Award in the year 2007.

## Writings

He published several books. His novels usually have a rustic feel and depict the rural life of Punjab very vividly. His writings generally question firmly held social customs and beliefs. He has left leanings and many of his most popular novels champion the cause of socially relevant issues like social and gender equality. He is also known to take tough political stands in his newspaper essays. Later on, he became a supporter of the Khalistan movement.
His most notable novel is Lahoo Di Lo (Dawn of the Blood). This novel is based on the Naxalite movement in Punjab. It was very controversial during the infamous Emergency days of the 1970s and none of the publishers was willing to publish it. Jaswant Singh Kanwal had it published in Singapore and smuggled copies of the novel to India. Only after the emergency was lifted, was the novel published in Punjab. This book has been translated into English.

## Awards

Jaswant Singh Kanwal was awarded Sahitya Akademi Fellowship for his 1996 book Pakhi (Hand Fan) (Short stories). He received the Sahitya Academy award for Taushali Di Hanso (Novel) in 1998.
Jaswant Singh Kanwal was conferred upon the degree of Doctor of Literature (Honoris Causa) by Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar in 2008 for his contribution to Punjabi literature.
# Elmadüzü, Adaklı

Elmadüzü (Kurdish: Feruz) is a village in the Adaklı District, Bingöl Province, Turkey. The village is populated by Kurds and had a population of 303 in 2021.
# Sofia Crespo

Sofia Crespo (born April 7, 1991) is an Argentine visual artist who explores organic life and its evolution through artificial intelligence. She lives and works in Lisbon. As of January 2024, she is part of the artistic duo Entangled Others, alongside Norwegian artist Feileacan Kirkbride McCormick.

## Work

Her work explores how organic life imitates itself using AI mechanisms, challenging the notion that technology is separate from its organic origins. Crespo examines the parallels between AI image formation and human creativity, questioning the potential of AI in reshaping artistic practices. She is also deeply engaged in the evolving role of artists using machine learning techniques.
Crespo's work has been exhibited in institutions such as Kunstverein Hannover (Germany) and Fotomuseum Winterthur (Switzerland), as well as in public spaces such as Times Square.
In 2022, Buffalo AKG Art Museum added Entangled Others' Swim (2022) to their permanent collection. The same year, their work was exhibited at Falling Walls.
In 2024, Casa Batlló invited Crespo to create a mapping on the building's facade, drawing inspiration from its creative universe. The piece, titled "Structures of Being", presents nature as an evolutionary process of infinite creativity, whilst creating a parallel with Antoni Gaudí’s practice.
Crespo has also lectured for institutions, such as MIT and the Oxford Artificial Intelligence Society.

## Awards

In 2021, Entangled Others received the first place RE:HUMANISM award for "Beneath the Neural Waves 2.0".
The same year, Crespo was honored with the German Informatics Society's AI Newcomer Award.
# Steblów, Krapkowice County

Steblów is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Krapkowice, within Krapkowice County, Opole Voivodeship, in south-western Poland. Historically located in Upper Silesia, in the Prudnik Land.