OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Harmonised monitoring scheme

The Harmonised Monitoring Scheme is a long term river water quality monitoring scheme in the United Kingdom. The term is also used to refer to the long term data sets produced by the scheme.

## Establishment

The scheme was established in 1974 by the Department of the Environment with much of the initial planning and implementation undertaken by the Water Research Centre. It involved the creation of a network of sites across the UK. Most sites were at the downstream freshwater limits of the larger rivers although some of the largest rivers also included additional locations below major tributary confluences. Before inclusion of any location in the survey, homogeneity testing was carried out to characterise quality variations laterally and vertically within the river section chosen. For each designated point a specific sampling location was identified based on the results of the homogeneity exercise. In addition laboratories who were to undertake the analysis of samples were identified and a comprehensive AQC exercise was conducted to ensure comparability of data derived from the monitoring programme.

## Objectives

The scheme was originally intended to operate for 10 years from 1974 to 1984 to provide data to the Department of the Environment to permit the identification of national trends in water quality. However its duration was extended. It was formally discontinued in 2013, however in England many of the monitoring sites continue to be surveyed to describe long term water quality trends. It was also intended to satisfy the requirements of the EU decision on the exchange of monitoring data requirements.

## Operation

The scheme is administered by the Environment Agency in England, by Natural Resources Wales in Wales and by SEPA in Scotland and involves routine monitoring at 230 sites including 56 river systems in Scotland.

## Data

The data produced by the scheme provides a continuous and consistent record of quality of rivers across the UK for more than 30 years and can be used to demonstrate changes in water quality over that period.
# Kikos (1931 film)

Kikos (Armenian: Կիկոս) is a 1931 Soviet Armenian comedy-war film, directed by Patvakan Barkhudaryan and starring Hambartsum Khachanyan, Hrachia Nersisyan and Avet Avetisyan.

## Plot

Kikos, a naïve and politically uneducated Armenian peasant, finds himself alternately switching sides between opposing factions during the Russian Civil War. Ultimately, he chooses to join the Red Army (RKKA), which fights for the rights of the working people.

## Cast

* Hambartsum Khachanyan
* Hrachia Nersisyan
* Avet Avetisyan
* Kh. Abrahamyan
* A. Ashimova
* M. Garagash
* V. Ilyin
* Vasili Ilyin
* Suren Kocharyan
* K. Kogamov
* Amasi Martirosyan
* A. Papyan
# Joe's Shanghai

Joe's Shanghai (simplified Chinese: 鹿鸣春; traditional Chinese: 鹿鳴春; pinyin: Lù Míng Chūn) is a chain of seven Shanghainese restaurants in the United States and Japan. The original location was opened by restaurateur Mei Ping "Barbara" Matsumura and chef Kiu Sang "Joe" Si in 1995 in Flushing, Queens, followed by branches in Manhattan Chinatown and Midtown Manhattan. There are four locations in Japan, two in Tokyo, one in Osaka and one in Sendai. Ms. Matsumura has opened over a dozen restaurants in the New York City area, including the popular Haru sushi chain, while Chef Si also opened Joe's Ginger one block from the Manhattan Chinatown location of Joe's Shanghai, building on the original concept but incorporating the influence of other Chinese cuisines, most notably from Hong Kong.

## Xiaolongbao

The most famous dish at Joe's Shanghai is the pork or crab meat xiaolongbao, a type of small Chinese steam bun, in which the soup is encased inside the dumpling. This is achieved by chilling a highly gelatinous soup and wrapping it in the dough while solid. When the buns are later steamed, the solids melt back into liquid soup within the outer bun casing.

## Reviews and media

In 1996, Ruth Reichl of the New York Times gave Joe's Shanghai two stars out of four.
Currently, Zagat gives it a food rating of 4.2 out of 5.
In a friendly bet between New York City Mayor Michael Bloomberg and Boston Mayor Thomas Menino over the outcome of the 2003 American League Championship between the Boston Red Sox and New York Yankees, Mayor Bloomberg wagered one of his favorite foods from each borough of New York City. For the borough of Manhattan, he chose two dozen soup dumplings from Joe's Shanghai.
# Palar Nagar

Palar Nagar is a village situated in Kolar Gold Fields of Kolar district of Karnataka State in India.
It is near Aalamaram.
# Wężowice, Opole Voivodeship

Wężowice is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Świerczów, within Namysłów County, Opole Voivodeship, in south-western Poland.
# African Hunting Holiday

African Hunting Holiday is a 2008 British documentary by Louis Theroux.
Theroux journeys to Limpopo Province, South Africa to join the foreign holidaymakers who flock there to hunt big game in so-called "canned" safaris where animals are purpose bred to be hunted in enclosures, including controversial animals such as lions. The documentary features not only the hunters but also the individuals who run the safaris, and the effects they have on the numbers of certain species in these areas.

## Reception

The programme received mixed reviews.
# Tornoceras

Tornoceras is a strongly involute, subdiscoidal Middle and Upper Devonian goniatite with a suture that forms six to ten lobes. Tornoceras is an extinct genus of cephalopods that shares similarities with the modern pearly nautilus. This genus first appeared during the Devonian Period, which spanned from 416 million to 359 million years ago. The shell is circular and relatively flat, with the final whorl enveloping the previous ones. The sutures between the successive chambers of the shell exhibit a gently rippled pattern.
Aulatornoceras, Protornoceras, Epitornoceras, Lobotornoceras are among related genera included in the Tornoceratidae. Inclusion however varies from classification to classification.
# Great Synagogue (Katowice)

The Great Synagogue (Polish: Synagoga Wielka w Katowicach; German: Große Synagoge in Kattowitz) was a former Jewish congregation and synagogue, that was located on Uferstrasse (contemporary Mickiewicza Street), in Katowice (Kattowitz), in the Silesian Voivodeship of Poland, in what was then the German Empire.
Designed by Max Grünfeld in an eclectic mix of the Gothic Revival and Renaissance Revival styles, and completed in 1900, the synagogue served as a house of prayer until World War II when it was destroyed by Nazis by arson in early September 1939, during the invasion of Poland.

## History

The plans to raise a new synagogue in Katowice arose around 1890, when the Old Synagogue became too small for the local worshippers. The construction begun in 1896, and the architect in charge was Max Grünfeld, a son of Ignatz Grünfeld who designed the old synagogue. The construction was finished in 1900 and the synagogue was opened on 12 October 1900; the largest synagogue in the city.
The synagogue was set on fire by Nazis in early days of September 1939 after they gained control of the city during the invasion of Poland; probably on 8 September. After the war, the few Jews who survived the Holocaust were unable to gather enough resources and support to rebuild the synagogue.
The Synagogue Square, along with a small market, occupies the site of the former synagogue. In 1988, a monument was raised in the square, dedicated to the Jewish inhabitants of the city who perished during World War II. There were a series of plans to rebuild the synagogue, though none of them have proceeded to the implementation stage.

## Design

The brick synagogue was designed on the basis of a modified rectangle in style mixing Gothic Revival with Renaissance Revival, eclecticism, and traces of Moorish Revival styles; similar to the style of Reform synagogues in contemporary Germany.
The synagogue had a large dome with a cross-ribbed vault over the main prayer chamber which was preceded by a large entrance hall with offices and the chamber of marriage. The main chamber was topped with a lantern. Other characteristics elements included large decorated windows and small towers.
The main chamber could hold 1,120 people; 670 men and 450 women.

## Gallery

* The former synagogue and the city bath, undated
# Duarte Alves

Duarte Le Falher de Campos Alves (born 6 January 1991) is a Portuguese politician and former member of the Assembly of the Republic, the national legislature of Portugal. A communist, he represented Lisbon from September 2018 to March 2022 and from November 2022 to March 2024.

## Early life

Alves was born on 6 January 1991 in Lisbon. He has a degree in economics from the University of Lisbon's Higher Institute of Economics and Management (ISEG) and a master's degree in economics and public policy.

## Career

Alves is an economist by profession. He was a member of the national board of the Portuguese Communist Youth (JCP) from 2010 to 2017. He then worked for the Portuguese Communist Party (PCP) and served as an advisor to its parliamentary group from 2017 to 2018 and in 2022.
At the 2015 legislative election Alves was placed tenth in the Unitary Democratic Coalition (CDU)'s list of candidates in Lisbon but the alliance only won five seats in the constituency. He was appointed to the Assembly of the Republic as permanent member in September 2018 following the resignation of Miguel Tiago. He was re-elected at the 2019 legislative election. At the 2022 legislative election Alves was placed third in the CDU's list of candidates in Lisbon but the alliance only won two seats in the constituency. He was appointed to the Assembly as permanent member in November 2022 following the resignation of Jerónimo de Sousa. At the 2024 legislative election Alves was placed fifth in the CDU's list of candidates in Lisbon but the alliance only won two seats in the constituency.

## Electoral history

Electoral history of Duarte Alves :
| Election | Constituency | Party | Alliance | No. | Result |
| 2015 legislative | Lisbon | Portuguese Communist Party | Unitary Democratic Coalition | 10 | Not elected |
| 2019 legislative | Lisbon | Portuguese Communist Party | Unitary Democratic Coalition | 3 | Elected |
| 2022 legislative | Lisbon | Portuguese Communist Party | Unitary Democratic Coalition | 3 | Not elected |
| 2024 legislative | Lisbon | Portuguese Communist Party | Unitary Democratic Coalition | 5 | Not elected |
# Henrik Frandsen

Henrik Frandsen (born 8 February 1961) is a Danish politician serving as Member of the Folketing for the Moderates since the 2022 election. He was formerly mayor of Tønder Municipality.

## Career

Frandsen stood as a candidate for Venstre in the 2013 Danish local elections, but lost to incumbent fellow Venstre member Laurids Rudebeck. Laurids died in 2016, allowing Frandsen to take over the position as mayor. Following the 2017 Danish local elections, Frandsen was able to continue as mayor after a gain of one seat in the municipal council.
In 2020 Frandsen founded his own local party, Tønder Listen, after Venstre announced that their new candidate for the mayor position was Martin Iversen. At the 2021 Danish local elections, Tønder Listen was the party with the most votes in Tønder Municipality, gaining 27% of the vote, but not enough to ensure Frandsen could continue as mayor. Jørgen Popp Petersen replaced Frandsen as mayor.
In August 2022 Frandsen announced he would be joining the newly-founded party Moderaterne led by former Venstre leader Lars Løkke Rasmussen. He subsequently won a seat in the Folketing in the 2022 Danish general election receiving 6,206 personal votes.

## Personal life

Frandsen is married and has three children. Before entering politics, he worked as a swine farmer. He sold his farm in 2018.
# Nanna Gotfredsen

Nanna W. Gotfredsen (born 11 March 1969) is a Danish lawyer and politician and Member of the Folketing for Copenhagen from the Moderates. Alongside sixteen other members of The Moderates, Gotfredsen was elected to the Folketing in November 2022.
# João Dias (politician)

João Manuel Ildefonso Dias (born 16 July 1973) is a Portuguese politician and former member of the Assembly of the Republic, the national legislature of Portugal. A communist, he represented Beja from March 2018 to March 2024.

## Early life

Dias was born on 16 July 1973 in Serpa. He has a degree in nursing and post-graduate qualifications in rehabilitation nursing and wound treatment and tissue viability.

## Career

Dias was a nurse by profession. He was a nurse at the Unidade Local de Saúde do Baixo Alentejo (ULSBA) from 1996 to 2018. He also worked at the Unidade de Cuidados Continuados do Centro de Saúde de Beja. He was a visiting assistant professor at the University of Évora (2012 to 2018), University of Coimbra (2018 to 2018) and Escola Superior de Enfermagem São José de Cluny (2015). He also taught at the Escola Superior de Saúde da Cruz Vermelha (2017) and Escola Superior de Saúde Lopes Dias (2016 to 2018). He has worked with the Portuguese Red Cross, the University of Minho and the Castelo Branco Polytechnic Institute.
Dias has been active in politics since 1996 and is a board member of the Portuguese Communist Party's Beja branch. He was a member of the municipal council in Beja from 2017 to 2021. At the 2015 legislative election Dias was placed third in the Unitary Democratic Coalition (CDU)'s list of candidates in Beja but the alliance only won a single seat in the constituency. He was appointed to the Assembly as permanent member in March 2018 following the resignation of João Ramos. He was re-elected at the 2019 and 2022 legislative elections. At the 2024 legislative election Dias was placed first in the CDU's list of candidates in Beja but the alliance failed to win any seats in the constituency.

## Electoral history

Electoral history of João Dias :
| Election | Constituency | Party | Alliance | No. | Result |
| 2015 legislative | Beja | Portuguese Communist Party | Unitary Democratic Coalition | 3 | Not elected |
| 2017 local | Beja Municipal Assembly | Portuguese Communist Party | Unitary Democratic Coalition | 1 | Elected |
| 2019 legislative | Beja | Portuguese Communist Party | Unitary Democratic Coalition | 1 | Elected |
| 2022 legislative | Beja | Portuguese Communist Party | Unitary Democratic Coalition | 1 | Elected |
| 2024 legislative | Beja | Portuguese Communist Party | Unitary Democratic Coalition | 1 | Not elected |

## Personal life

Dias is married to Lina Maria Sousa dos Santos Dias.
# Steffen Larsen

Steffen Larsen (born 5 December 1983) is a Danish politician, who is a member of the Folketing for the Liberal Alliance. He was elected into the Folketing in the 2022 Danish general election.
# Mette Reissmann

Mette Reissmann (born 4 October 1963) is a Danish business lawyer, television host and politician. From 2011 to 2019 and again from 2022 she has been a member of the Folketing, elected for the Social Democrats.
# Ruben de Carvalho

Ruben Luís Tristão de Carvalho e Silva (Lisbon, 21 July 1944 – Lisbon, 11 June 2019) was a Portuguese politician, cultural organizer, historian, and journalist. He was a dissident during the Estado Novo dictatorship, a leader of the Portuguese Communist Party, a member of the Assembly of the Republic, a Lisbon municipal councillor and the creator of the largest political party event in Portugal, the Avante! Festival.
As a journalist, Ruben de Carvalho was editor-in-chief of Vida mundial magazine during the 1960s and the weekly Avante! newspaper between April 1974 and 1995, and was an opinion writer for several newspapers, including Diário de Notícias.
In addition to his journalistic career and political activities, he was well-known as a music-lover, in particular of the Jazz, Blues — of which he was considered an expert — and Fado genres, having written several books about the latter genre. His books on Fado had an outsized importance for the understanding of this musical genre.
# Stageira Chalkidikis

Stagira (Greek: Στάγειρα, also: Στάγιρα - Stagira) is a Greek village lying on a plateau on the Chalcidice peninsula, at the foot of the Argirolofos hill. The village stands approximately 18 kilometers southwest of the ruins of ancient Stageira, the birthplace of Aristotle.
A modern statue of Aristotle and small theme park is located next to the modern town. It is part of the municipal unit Stagira-Akanthos within the municipality Aristotelis.

## History

The village of Stagira was built 18 km from the archaeological site of Stagira. In Byzantine times, Stagira was called Siderokafsia (which means blast furnace). The sultan's mint was located there in the 16th century and many ruins of furnaces can be found close to the village. The historical central church of Stagira was built in 1814, a few years before the Greek War of Independence.

## Population

The present-day village has approximately 400 inhabitants but including the neighboring village of Stratoniki, with which Stagira virtually merges, the population increases to around 1500.
# Levi Oakes

Louis Levi Oakes (January 23, 1925 – May 28, 2019) was a Canadian-born Mohawk code talker who served in the United States Army and member of the Akwesasne Mohawk Nation. He was the last living Mohawk code talker.

## Early years and military service in World War II

Oakes was born on January 23, 1925, on the Quebec side of the Akwesasne Reserves that straddles along Quebec, Ontario and New York. He belonged to the Haudenosaunee Turtle Clan.
He worked as a steel worker in Buffalo, New York, and enlisted in the United States Army in 1944. He served with the 442nd Signal Heavy Construction Battalion in Western New Guinea, then Luzon, Philippines and finally in the post-war occupation of Japan before ending his service in 1946.

## Post-war and later years

After the war he returned to work as a steel worker at construction sites in Buffalo and New York City. After three decades in Buffalo Oakes returned to the Akwesasne Reserves to work on equipment in road construction projects. Oakes died in Snye, Quebec on May 28, 2019.
Oakes received a Silver Star.

## Personal

Oakes was married and had 10 children. His brother Sam Oakes also served in the Pacific War not far from where he was stationed.

## Awards

* Silver Star
# M'hammed Guessous School

The M'hammed Guessous School is located in Rabat, Morocco. It is a private educational institution founded in 1934 by Ahmed Balafrej.

## History

Founded in 1934 by the nationalist leader Ahmed Balafrej, the M'hammed Guessous School was considered a model institution by Moroccan nationalists.
Built in the heart of the Les Orangers neighborhood in Rabat on land offered to Ahmed Balafrej by his uncle M'hammed Guessous, the school was named in honor of the latter.
Before the end of the protectorate, the school briefly became a French barracks before being vacated by the military upon the founder's return from exile.
In 1975, the school opened an annex in the Souissi neighborhood.
Since 2004, the M'hammed Guessous School has been classified as a "national heritage site".

## Notable alumni

* Ahmed Piro, singer of Gharnati;
* Adil Douiri, former Minister of Tourism;
* Fathallah Oualalou, former Minister of Finance and mayor of Rabat;
* Ahmed Bouchlaken, known as Cheikh el-Arab;
* Youssef Tazi, businessman and deputy;
* Abdelhak El Merini, Director of Royal Protocol and Chancellery;
* Driss Chraibi, Moroccan writer in French;
* Driss Slaoui, former advisor to King Hassan II;
* Idriss Alami, writer and poet in Arabic.
# Lee Chi Ching

Lee Chi Ching (Chinese: 李志清; pinyin: Lǐ Zhìqīng; born 1963) is a Hong Kong manhua illustrator with the pen name "清兒". Lee began drawing comics and graphic novels in 1981. In 1992, he won an award for his watercolors at the Hong Kong Contemporary Art Biennial and had his work housed at the Hong Kong Museum of Art. He is the first cartoonist from Hong Kong to have his work published in Japan. His speciality is in historical manga, usually based on pre-existing classic novels, including the works of wuxia writer Louis Cha. His major works include Romance of the Three Kingdoms and Water Margin.
His works are usually published by CultureCom Comics, a Hong Kong publishing house.
His work Sun Zi's Tactics won the first International Manga Award that Japanese Government sponsored in 2007.

## Manga works

* Records of the Three Kingdoms (三國志) - based on Romance of the Three Kingdoms
* Justice Bao (包青天)
* Nameless Hero (無名英雄)
* Strange Book (怪異集)
* Sun Zi's Tactics (孫子攻略/孫子兵法)
* Lie Shen (烈神)
* The Eagle God (驚神)
* Ghost Legend (鬼異傳奇)
* Outlaws of the Marsh - based on Water Margin
* The Legend of the Condor Heroes (射雕英雄傳) - based on The Eagle-Shooting Heroes
* The Smiling, Proud Wanderer (笑傲江湖) - based on the novel of the same name
# U.S. Flammable Fabrics Act

The U.S. Flammable Fabrics Act is an act that was passed in 1953 to regulate the manufacture of highly flammable clothing. It was enacted after years of rayon viscose fabrics being proven to be the primary cause of quick starting, high temperature fires as well as having the secondary effect of causing illnesses in factory workers. Viscose is the key word when describing the chemical dangers of rayon fabrics, because a chemical named carbon disulfide is used to convert cellulose into a viscose fabric capable of being threaded together for clothing. This is an important distinction to make for the sake of clarity as cellulose fabrics are still commonly advertised as "green" in the sense that the fabric is derived from the cellulose in plants, but the introduction of carbon disulfide in the manufacturing process creates a reaction that is remarkably toxic to the workers who are developing and working with the fabric. There was also a series of tragic deaths in the 1940s caused by the highly flammable nature of the fabric involving children who were wearing long rayon pile cowboy chaps or brushed rayon sweaters. The Federal Trade Commission was initially placed as the enforcement authority but this responsibility was later transferred over to the Consumer Product Safety Commission in 1967 when the act was amended to include interior furnishings, paper, plastic, foam, and other materials used in wearing apparel and interior furnishings. A provision of the act makes willful violation a felony with maximum penalties of a $10,000 fine and 3 years in prison, which reflects how seriously the dangers of flammable fabrics were being taken. The Consumer Product Safety Commission was given the authority, under the U.S. Flammable Fabrics Act, to issue mandatory flammability standards. Flammability standards for clothing textiles, vinyl plastic film in clothing, carpets, rugs, children's sleepwear, mattresses, and mattress pads have all been established.

## Amendment to 1953 Act

The amendment of the act in 1967 was meant to further the initial intention of the US Flammable Fabrics act by extending it to include the "prohibition of the introduction or movement in interstate commerce of articles of wearing apparel and fabrics which are so highly flammable as to be dangerous when worn by individuals, and for other purposes." This distinction was an integral one because it drew a clear line in the sand that American companies would not be allowed or expected to tolerate highly flammable fabrics to be manufactured or used in manufacturing. This act would also lead to the Fire Research and Safety Act of 1968, which was tasked to study different preventative methods against loss of life and injury by fire. 90th United States Congress cleared Senate bill S. 1003 on December 1, 1967. U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson enacted the Flammable Fabrics Act Amendment on December 14, 1967.