OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Kamov Ka-118

The Kamov Ka-118 is a projected light multirole helicopter with the NOTAR (NO TAil Rotor) configuration based on the McDonnell Douglas design.

## Design and development

The first test of this concept took place on the Ka-26SS helicopter, a modified version of the Ka-26 equipped with experimental tail jet beams. The main concept of the Ka-118 features a single 4-blade main rotor, V-tail with upper tailplane, and a skid undercarriage. Pilot and copilot seated in side-by-side configuration, and four passengers in the rear cabin.
Since 1993, engine has not been selected and the NOTAR design is still in research.

## Specifications (as designed)

Data from Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1992–93
General characteristics
* Crew: One-
* Capacity: 4 passengers, or 1,000 kg (2,200 lb) of cargo carried externally
* Length: 10.00 m (32 ft 10 in)
* Height: 2.60 m (8 ft 6 in)
* Gross weight: 1,950 kg (4,299 lb)
* Max takeoff weight: 2,250 kg (4,960 lb) (external load)
* Fuel capacity: 700 L (150 imp gal; 180 US gal)
* Powerplant: 1 × Omsk TVO-100 turboshaft, 530 kW (710 hp)
* Main rotor diameter: 11.00 m (36 ft 1 in)
* Main rotor area: 95.03 m$^2$ (1,022.9 sq ft)
Performance
* Maximum speed: 300 km/h (190 mph, 160 kn)
* Cruise speed: 270 km/h (170 mph, 150 kn)
* Range: 950 km (590 mi, 510 nmi) with normal fuel
* Service ceiling: 6,150 m (20,180 ft)
* Rate of climb: 11 m/s (2,200 ft/min)
# Australian Environment Foundation

The Australian Environment Foundation (AEF) is a not-for-profit advocacy organisation. It has disputed the values of some mainstream environmental assertions, and also on occasion the evidence used to support those assertions. The AEF is climate-change-denying, pro-logging, pro-big business, anti-wind energy, and against the Murray-Darling Basin plan.

## History

The formation of the AEF was first mooted at the Eureka Forum organised in December 2004 by the Institute of Public Affairs (IPA) and a number of resource user groups. It was formally launched on World Environment Day (5 June 2005) in the northern New South Wales town of Tenterfield.
The founding chairman was former Labor federal environment minister, Barry Cohen. A subsequent chairman was gardener, author and television presenter Don Burke. Reporting on the AEF's launch, the Melbourne broadsheet newspaper, The Age wrote: "Dr Marohasy said she acted as the group's leader as an individual and not part of the IPA." At the time of registration, the registered office was the same is the registered office of the IPA.
The group stated in its press release that "This new group will be vastly different to the established environment organisations that have had the ear of governments for some time. The AEF’s focus will be on making decisions based on science and what is good for both the environment and for people".
The organisation has been labelled a "fake environmental group" by community advocacy organisation GetUp!. In May 2014 the AEF came under criticism for lobbying for the de-listing of Tasmania's World Heritage old-growth forest.

## Personnel
### Former directors

* Jennifer Marohasy, former director
* Barry Cohen, inaugural chairman of AEF, former ALP environment minister
* Don Burke, former chairman
# Maria do Rosário Teixeira de Alva Sequeira Bragança Sambo

Maria do Rosário Teixeira de Alva Sequeira Bragança Sambo is an Angolan politician. She is the current Minister of Higher Education, Science, Technology and Innovation of Angola, as well as a member of parliament. She is the member of MPLA.
# Markovo, Syamzhensky District, Vologda Oblast

Markovo (Russian: Марково) is a rural locality (a village) in Rezhskoye Rural Settlement, Syamzhensky District, Vologda Oblast, Russia. The population was 11 as of 2002.

## Geography

Markovo is located 44 km northeast of Syamzha (the district's administrative centre) by road. Monastyrskaya is the nearest rural locality.
# Navas de Jorquera

Navas de Jorquera is a municipality in the city of Albacete, Province of Albacete, Castile-La Mancha, Spain. It has a population of 520.
# Chaher Zarour

Chaher Zarour (born March 14, 1983) is a French footballer who plays as a centre-back.

## Club career
### Dijon

On September 16, 2009, Zarour signed a 3-year contract with Ligue 2 side Dijon. Two days later he made his debut for the club coming on as a substitute in a league game against FC Metz. On October 2, 2009, Zarour scored his first goal for the club in a league game against Le Havre AC.

### Arles-Avignon

In July 2012, Zarour joined Ligue 2 side Arles-Avignon on a two-year contract.

### Sanna Khánh Hòa BVN

In January 2016, Zarour joined V-League side Sanna Khánh Hòa BVN on a one-year contract.
# Jesse Carll (shipbuilder)

Jesse Carll (March 12, 1832 – October 24, 1902) was a 19th-century American shipbuilder in Northport, New York. He was a shipbuilder in Long Island who built yachts and schooners. Carll built the popular schooner pilot-boat Jesse Carll, named in his honor. He died on October 24, 1902, in Northport, at 72 years old. His brother, had the David Carll's shipyard, which was the first commercial shipyard built in City Island.

## Career

In 1849, when he was 17 years old, he and his brother David Carll apprenticed under James and Lloyd Bayles shipbuilders of Port Jefferson, New York. In 1854, he and his brother David Carll, began shipbuilding in Northport under the firm name D & J. Carl. They built the 650-ton bark Storm Bird, costing $35,000, which put them into debt. They dissolved the partnership in 1865. David Carll built his shipyard in City Island and continued with the business until he retired in 1885.
Jesse Carll continued with his shipyard in Northport under the name Jesse Carll. He built yachts, pilot-boats and brigs, including the 1,100-ton bark Mary Greenwood, (1880) the schooner Joseph Budd, (1871) and the pilot-boat Jesse Carll (1885), named in honor of the shipbuilder.
By 1891, there were only three shipbuilders in Northport. By 1900, the Jesse Carll shipyard was the only one that remained in the village.
Carll started and was a director of the Pennington County Bank in Rapid City and the Custer County Bank of South Dakota. He was a founding member of Jephtha Masonic Lodge No. 494 in Huntington, New York, in 1860 and Alcyone Lodge No. 695 in Northport, New York, in 1869.

## Death

Carll died on October 24, 1902, in Northport, New York, at 72 years old as was one of the prominent shipbuilders of Long Island. At the time of his death his wife (Ann Carll), two daughters (Hannah Burr and Maud Wright), two sons (Jesse Jr. and Benjamin W.), and brother (Edward Carll) survived him. His funeral was at the family residence. He was buried at the Northport Rural Cemetery.
Carll's son, Jesse Jr. took over the shipyard business after his father died in 1902. During World War I, the shipyard was leased to a company that constructed flat-bottomed scows for the United States Navy. During the 1920s, shipbuilding stopped and the property was given to Northport and made into a park.
# Robert B. Bradley

Robert B. Bradley is the Vice President for Planning and Programs at Florida State University.
Bradley is in charge of the university’s budget and is responsible for academic planning. He also serves as Director of the Institute of Science and Public Affairs (ISPA). He is also a professor at the Askew School of Public Administration and Policy.

## Career

Bradley has been a member of FSU's faculty since 1998. He is the Director of the Institute of Science and Public Affairs (ISPA).

## Education

* Bachelor's degree in physics from the University of Florida.
* Doctorate in political science also from the University of Florida.

## Awards

Bradley received the Public Administrator of the year awards from the North Florida Chapter of the American Society for Public Administration that covers the state capital.
# José Vieira Dias Van-Dúnem

José Vieira Dias Van-Dunem is an Angolan politician. He is the current Minister of Health of Angola, as well as a member of parliament. He is member of MPLA.
# Kowale, Sokółka County

Kowale is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Kuźnica, within Sokółka County, Podlaskie Voivodeship, in north-eastern Poland, close to the border with Belarus. It lies approximately 5 kilometres (3 mi) north of Kuźnica, 20 km (12 mi) north-east of Sokółka, and 58 km (36 mi) north-east of the regional capital Białystok.
# Cold Cold Heart (band)

Cold Cold Heart is the name of an alternative country band from Massachusetts. Their first CD, Prides Crossing, was released in 1997 with a follow-up, Blue Collar Attitude, released in 2007. They are named in tribute to the Hank Williams song "Cold, Cold Heart".

## History

Cold Cold Heart was formed in 1996 by Joe Hannigan
(Lead Guitar, Vocals), Carl Bergman (Drums), Charlie Ortolani (Guitar, Vocals) and John Tate (Bass, Vocals). The band chose “Cold Cold Heart” as a tribute to Hank Williams and his hit song of the same name. Their first CD "Prides Crossing" was recorded and released on the independent Black Rose Record Label in 1997.
Piano player Sammy Brown joined the group in 2006. The songwriting team of Hannigan, Tate and Brown went to work on the band's second album "Blue Collar Attitude". It was recorded at Solitaire Studios and released on the independent Jack Sauce Label in 2007.
Cold Cold Heart have collectively performed as openers for Charlie Daniels, Willie Nelson, Jerry Jeff Walker, Leon Russell, Ricky Nelson, Roy Orbison and Sleepy LaBeef.

## Discography

* Blue Collar Attitude (2007)
* Prides Crossing (1997)
# Llanfairfechan railway station

Llanfairfechan railway station serves the town of Llanfairfechan, Wales, and is located on the Crewe to Holyhead North Wales Coast Line 51+1⁄4 miles (82.5 km) west of Chester.

## History

It was opened on 1 May 1860 by the London and North Western Railway, some twelve years after the line serving it. It was provided with a goods yard, signal box and a sizeable station building on the eastbound platform. A camping coach was positioned here by the London Midland Region from 1960 to 1964. Goods traffic ceased here in June 1964, but it remained open for passenger services. The station building was demolished in 1987, during construction work for the A55 North Wales Coast dual carriageway which runs next to the railway at this location - the site was also altered (the retaining wall for the road backs directly onto the eastbound platform) and the station temporarily closed as a consequence of this. The station reopened once the work was complete. The original station footbridge still stands, but the other surviving structures all date from the 1987 alterations.

## Facilities

There are no permanent buildings left here now other than the footbridge and a stone shelter on each side, the station being unstaffed. Tickets must be purchased from the guard on the train or prior to travel, as there is no ticket machine present. Train running details are offered via telephone, digital display screens or timetable poster boards. Though the footbridge has steps, the station is fully accessible for wheelchair or mobility-impaired users via ramps from the West Shore or the footpath from the town centre next to the A55.

## Services

Llanfairfechan is served by Transport for Wales services only.
As of the December 2023 timetable change, there are 11 trains per weekday to Holyhead, service frequency varies between being 1 train per hour (tph), 1 train per 2 hours and 1 train per 3 hours. On Saturdays there are 10 trains per day to Holyhead and on Sundays there are 8 trains per day.
There is typically a two-hourly service starting at Holyhead which runs to Birmingham International via Chester and Shrewsbury.
Other Chester-bound services usually run to Cardiff Central, Crewe, Manchester Airport or terminate at Shrewsbury.
Through services to Chester run via Colwyn Bay, Rhyl, Prestatyn and Flint.
There is also a limited Sunday service, which mainly runs to/from Crewe in the mid-afternoon to evenings.
| Preceding station | National Rail | Following station |
| Penmaenmawr | Transport for WalesNorth Wales Main Line | Bangor (Gwynedd) |
# Fudgets

In computing, Fudgets is a graphical user interface toolkit for the functional programming language Haskell and the X Window System. Fudgets makes it easy to create client–server model applications that communicate via the Internet.
Most of the work on Fudgets was done in 1991-1996 by Thomas Hallgren and Magnus Carlsson.
The authors claim that many of the advantages of Fudgets come from it being programmed in a lazy functional programming language.
The main entity of toolkit is fudget (implemented on low level through stream processors) which has its own input and output. Fudgets can be composed in parallel or sequence, yielding new fudget which can be used in code as any other fudget.

## Example

The code is self-describing considering that >==< is sequential fudget plumbing and mapF is fudget that takes a function of one argument and makes a fudget which output is input applied to that function. Fudget composition must be read from right to left, as a simple function composition. Now you can simply write:
compile and run. For every given integer value it will print its factorial.

## License

The software license of Fudgets claims that this software is freeware for non-commercial use only.
# Joseph Ritt

Joseph Fels Ritt (August 23, 1893 – January 5, 1951) was an American mathematician at Columbia University in the early 20th century. He was born and died in New York.

## Biography

After beginning his undergraduate studies at City College of New York, Ritt received his B.A. from George Washington University in 1913. He then earned a doctorate in mathematics from Columbia University in 1917 under the supervision of Edward Kasner. After doing calculations for the war effort in World War I, he joined the Columbia faculty in 1921. He served as department chair from 1942 to 1945, and in 1945 became the Davies Professor of Mathematics. In 1932, George Washington University honored him with a Doctorate in Science, and in 1933 he was elected to join the United States National Academy of Sciences. He has 905 academic descendants listed in the Mathematics Genealogy Project, mostly through his student Ellis Kolchin, as of May 2024. Ritt was an Invited Speaker with talk Elementary functions and their inverses at the ICM in 1924 in Toronto and a Plenary Speaker at the ICM in 1950 in Cambridge, Massachusetts.
Ritt founded differential algebra theory, which was subsequently much developed by him and his student Ellis Kolchin.
He is known for his work on characterizing the indefinite integrals that can be solved in closed form, for his work on the theory of ordinary differential equations and partial differential equations, for beginning the study of differential algebraic groups, and for the method of characteristic sets used in the solution of systems of polynomial equations.
Despite his great achievements, he was never awarded any prize for his work, a fact which he resented, as he felt he was underappreciated. He once composed the following epitaph for himself:
    Here at your feet J. F. Ritt lies;
    He never won the Bôcher prize.

## Selected works

* Differential equations from the algebraic standpoint, New York, American Mathematical Society 1932
* Theory of Functions, New York 1945, 1947
* Integration in finite terms: Liouville's Theory of Elementary Methods, Columbia University Press 1948
* Differential Algebra, American Mathematical Society 1950, Dover 1966
# Hippocampus colemani

Coleman's pygmy seahorse (Hippocampus colemani) is a species of fish of the family Syngnathidae. It is found off of the coast of Lord Howe Island, Australia, although unconfirmed occurrences have been reported from Milne Bay and the Ryukyu Islands. It lives in coarse sand and Zostera and Halophila sea grasses at depths around 5 metres (16 ft). It is expected to feed on small crustaceans, similar to other seahorses. Ovoviviparous reproduction is also expected, with males brooding eggs in a pouch before giving birth to live young.
Named after Neville Coleman, an Australian diver and publisher of several popular books on diving and marine biology of the South Pacific area.

## Identification

Individuals of this species are tiny, growing to a maximum recorded length of 2.7 centimetres (1.1 in). They have small heads, short snouts, thick trunks, and low coronets. Algae that are found on seagrass blades attach to their skins, acting as a form of camouflage. Colouration is generally pale whitish to yellowish, with white circular or elliptical markings outlined with narrow red lines on the trunk, dusky brown bands radiating from the eye, brownish-red appendages, and a slightly brownish tail with red markings.
# Dryport Birgunj

Birganj Inland Dry Port (Nepali: बिरगञ्ज आंतरिक सुख्खा बन्दगाह) is Nepal's first dry port constructed in 2000 AD by Nepal Government. In 2001 AD. ownership of dryport transferred to NITDB. NITDB awarded HTPL the contract to operate and manage the Inland Clearance Depot in Sirsiya, Birganj. The dryport came in operation from 16 July 2004. The dryport covers an area of 38 hectares including customs office, four shed houses, terminal buildings, weighing bridges, two banks, and six lines for the train container yard. 1586 containers can be managed at a time. The dryport is connected by Train owned by Indian Railways which connects the dryport to Raxaul in India.

## Offices in Dryport

* Nepal Intermodal Transport Development Board (NITDB)
* Custom Office - Dryport
* Himalayan Terminal Pvt Ltd (Port Operator Company)
* Intermodal Logistic
* Custom agent office
* Nepal Police
* Banks
* Kumari Bank Limited, Dryport Branch
* Everest Bank Limited, ICD Branch
# Calvin Davis (field hockey)

Calvin Davis (born 22 November 2003) is a South African field hockey player who plays for the South African national team. He competed in the 2024 Summer Olympics.

## Early life

He attended Kearsney College and studied at the University of Pretoria.

## Career
### Under–21

Davis made his debut for the 2023 Sultan of Johor Cup. He made the 2023 Junior Africa Cup in Ismailia and 2023 FIH Hockey Junior World Cup in Kuala Lumpur.

### Senior national team

Davis made his debut for the Test Match India.
# Jayakar's seahorse

Jayakar's seahorse (Hippocampus jayakari) is a species of coastal fish of the family Syngnathidae. It is found in the Western Indian Ocean, from the Red and Arabian seas to the central coast of Pakistan. It lives in seagrass beds (such as Halophila spp.), algae, soft-bottom substrates, sponges, and rocky habitats, where it can grow to lengths of 14 centimetres (5.5 in). It can inhabit depths to 20 metres (66 ft), though it is more commonly found at 2–3 metres (6.6–9.8 ft). It is expected to feed on small crustaceans, similar to other seahorses. This species is ovoviviparous, with males carrying eggs in a brood pouch before giving birth to live young. Individuals reach sexual maturity at 11 centimetres (4.3 in). The specific name and the common name honours the Indian physician, linguist and ichthyologist Dr. Surgeon-Major Atmaram Sadashiv "Muscati" Jayakar (1844–1911).
# Wahba's problem

In applied mathematics, Wahba's problem, first posed by Grace Wahba in 1965, seeks to find a rotation matrix (special orthogonal matrix) between two coordinate systems from a set of (weighted) vector observations. Solutions to Wahba's problem are often used in satellite attitude determination utilising sensors such as magnetometers and multi-antenna GPS receivers. The cost function that Wahba's problem seeks to minimise is as follows:
    $J(\mathbf {R} )={\frac {1}{2}}\sum _{k=1}^{N}a_{k}\|\mathbf {w} _{k}-\mathbf {R} \mathbf {v} _{k}\|^{2}$ for $N\geq 2$
where $\mathbf {w} _{k}$ is the k-th 3-vector measurement in the reference frame, $\mathbf {v} _{k}$ is the corresponding k-th 3-vector measurement in the body frame and $\mathbf {R}$ is a 3 by 3 rotation matrix between the coordinate frames. $a_{k}$ is an optional set of weights for each observation.
A number of solutions to the problem have appeared in literature, notably Davenport's q-method, QUEST and methods based on the singular value decomposition (SVD). Several methods for solving Wahba's problem are discussed by Markley and Mortari.
This is an alternative formulation of the Orthogonal Procrustes problem (consider all the vectors multiplied by the square-roots of the corresponding weights as columns of two matrices with N columns to obtain the alternative formulation). An elegant derivation of the solution on one and a half page can be found in.

## Solution via SVD

One solution can be found using a singular value decomposition (SVD).
1. Obtain a matrix $\mathbf {B}$ as follows:
    $\mathbf {B} =\sum _{i=1}^{n}a_{i}\mathbf {w} _{i}{\mathbf {v} _{i}}^{T}$
2. Find the singular value decomposition of $\mathbf {B}$
    $\mathbf {B} =\mathbf {U} \mathbf {S} \mathbf {V} ^{T}$
3. The rotation matrix is simply:
    $\mathbf {R} =\mathbf {U} \mathbf {M} \mathbf {V} ^{T}$
where $\mathbf {M} =\operatorname {diag} ({\begin{bmatrix}1&1&\det(\mathbf {U} )\det(\mathbf {V} )\end{bmatrix}})$
# Wilson G. Bradshaw

Wilson G. Bradshaw was the third president of Florida Gulf Coast University.
A native of Sanford, Florida and raised in West Palm Beach, Wilson Bradshaw holds bachelor's and master's degrees in psychology from Florida Atlantic University and a doctorate in psychobiology from the University of Pittsburgh. He is married to Jo Anna and they have three adult sons.
Bradshaw came to FGCU from Metropolitan State University in St. Paul, Minnesota, having previously served as its president for seven years. Prior to that he served as provost and Vice President of Academic Affairs at Bloomsburg University and Dean of Graduate Studies at Florida Atlantic University.
Bradshaw became FGCU president on August 25, 2007, replacing Bill Merwin who resigned after admitting to an extramarital affair with a faculty member.
# Richard Wingfield, 6th Viscount Powerscourt

Richard Wingfield, 6th Viscount Powerscourt (18 January 1815 – 11 August 1844), was a British peer and Conservative Party politician.

## Background

Powerscourt was the son of Richard Wingfield, 5th Viscount Powerscourt, and Frances Theodosia, daughter of Robert Jocelyn, 2nd Earl of Roden. Through the Wingfield line he was a descendant of the Noble House of Stratford. After the death of his mother in 1820, his father remarried Theodosia Howard, who raised him until he succeeded to his father's title 1823.

## Political career

Powerscourt succeeded his father in the viscountcy in 1823. However, as this was an Irish peerage it did not entitle him to a seat in the House of Lords. He was instead elected to the House of Commons for Bath in 1837, a seat he held until 1841.

## Family

Lord Powerscourt married his first cousin Lady Elizabeth Frances Charlotte, daughter of Robert Jocelyn, 3rd Earl of Roden, in 1836. They had three sons. He died in August 1844, aged 29, and was succeeded in the viscountcy by his son Mervyn, a great-great-grandfather of Sarah, Duchess of York. Lady Powerscourt married Frederick Stewart, 4th Marquess of Londonderry, in 1846.
# Kołaki-Strumienie

Kołaki-Strumienie is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Mały Płock, within Kolno County, Podlaskie Voivodeship, in north-eastern Poland. It lies approximately 16 kilometres (10 mi) south-east of Kolno and 77 km (48 mi) west of the regional capital Białystok.
# Ivanovskaya, Syamzhensky District, Vologda Oblast

Ivanovskaya (Russian: Ивановская) is a rural locality (a village) in Noginskoye Rural Settlement, Syamzhensky District, Vologda Oblast, Russia. The population was 11 as of 2002.

## Geography

Ivanovskaya is located 21 km north of Syamzha (the district's administrative centre) by road. Chaglotovo is the nearest rural locality.