OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Marks Hall

Marks Hall was a Jacobean country house some 2 miles (3.2 km) north of Coggeshall in Essex, England. Previously a timber manor house, the 17th-century brick building was demolished in 1950.

## History

In 1163 the manor house and estate of Markshall were granted to the Markshall family after being confiscated from Hugh de Essex. They descended in the Markshall family until the estate was sold to John Cole, who renovated parts of the house. It was then sold to Edward Deraugh in 1581. In 1605 Robert Honywood purchased Marks Hall from Deraugh's grandson, William, pulled down part of the old timber-framed house and built a new brick building in 1609.
The estate then descended in the Honywood family to John Lamotte Honywood who, dying childless by suicide in 1694, left it to his cousin Robert. Robert, the MP for Essex, modernised the house and died in 1735. It was inherited by Robert's second son, grandson, and then his fifth son, Philip. After Philip's death in 1785, and his wife, Elizabeth, sometime later, the estate passed to Philip's distant cousin , Filmer Honywood, the MP for Kent. When Filmer died childless, it passed to his half-nephew, William Honywood and then through his descendants, through to his grandson, William Philip, eldest son of William Philip Honywood. The younger William Philip's widow, Frances Emma, remained at Marks Hall until she died in 1895; after which, the estate passed to Philip Courtenay Honywood, who was the son of Sir Courtenay Honywood, 7th baronet, and the godson of William Philip.
Thomas Phillips Price (1844-1932), a Welsh landowner, mine owner, and Liberal politician, purchased Marks Hall, then a mansion and deer park, at auction in 1898. He made provision in his Will to leave the Marks Hall estate to the nation in the interest of agriculture, arboriculture and forestry. During the Second World War, Earls Colne Airfield was built on the edge of the deer park and much of the property requisitioned for used as the headquarters for a number of local airfields. The 97th Bombardment Wing headquarters was initially located at the manor. By 1949, the mansion was neglected and said to be in a dangerous state, and was demolished in 1950.
The Marks Hall Estate is now the site of gardens and an arboretum.
# Commercial code (law)

In law, a commercial code is a codification of private law relating to merchants, trade, business entities (especially companies), commercial contracts and other matters such as negotiable instruments.
Many civil law legal systems have codifications of commercial law.
# Holocausto (band)

Holocausto is a thrash metal band from Belo Horizonte, Brazil. They were formed in 1985 by Marco Antônio, Valério Exterminator and Rodrigo dos Anjos. To date they have released five records through Cogumelo Records. They have been described by the journalist Eduardo Rivadavia as "Quite possibly the most controversial Brazilian heavy metal band ever".

## History

Holocausto were formed in 1985 by Marco Antônio (bass), Valério Exterminator (vocals and guitar) and Rodrigo dos Anjos (guitar). After recording a demo (Massacre, 1985) and contributing to Cogumelo's Warfare Noise I, the band caused controversy with their 1987 debut record, Campo de Extermínio. While previous South American bands, such as Sepultura, Vulcano and Sarcófago had toyed with anti-Christian sentiment and Satanism, Holocausto used vivid descriptions of Nazi atrocities in the concentration camps, leading to accusations of antisemitism. The band have claimed that they were "only trying to expose the horrors of the Holocaust in all its gruesome detail" and "that the album's shocking and unflinching descriptions were simply meant to show their own revulsion to the events that had inspired their name".
The band continued with numerous line-up changes, releasing a series of albums through Cogumelo Records, without capitalizing on their early notoriety. 1988's Blocked Minds and 1990's Negatives were thrash-oriented and stylistically similar to Voivod's music, while 1993's Tozago as Deismno carried an industrial influence. These albums proved a lack of success for the band, that has been ascribed to their line-up difficulties and their late adoption of English lyrics and the subject matter of their debut. They did however reform in 2004, releasing a new hardcore-tinged album (De Volta ao Front) in 2005.
On April 1, 2017, Holocausto released an extended play titled War Metal Massacre, returning to their black metal origins.
The band's sixth studio album, Diário de Guerra, was released on July 31, 2019.

## Members
### Final Line-Up

* Rodrigo Führer – lead vocals (1985–1987, 2015–2018), drums (1988–1994, 2004–2015)
* Valério Exterminator – guitar (1985–1987, 2004–2018), lead vocals (2004–2015)
* Anderson Guerrilheiro – bass (1986–1989, 2004–2018), lead vocals (1988–1989)
* Armando Nuclear Soldier – drums (1987, 2017–2018)

### Former

* Marco Antônio – bass (1985–1986; died 1986)
* Renato da Costa – guitar (1988–1992)
* João Marcelo – bass (1989–1994)
* Rossano Polla – vocals (1989–1994)
* Rodrigo dos Anjos – guitar (1992–1994)
* Nedson Warfare – drums (1985–1987, 2015–2017)

### Timeline
## Discography

* Massacre demo (1985)
* Warfare Noise I split LP (with Chakal, Mutilator, and Sarcófago; Cogumelo, 1986)
* Campo de Extermínio LP (Cogumelo, 1987)
* Blocked Minds LP (Cogumelo, 1988)
* Australoptecus Experience demo (Cogumelo, 1990)
* Negatives LP (Cogumelo, 1990)
* Tozago as Deismno LP (Cogumelo, 1993)
* De Volta ao Front LP (Cogumelo, 2005)
* Campo de Exterminio Show – 1987 DVD (Cogumelo, 2007)
* War Metal Massacre EP (Nuclear War Now!, 2017)
* Diário de Guerra LP (Nuclear War Now!, 2019)
# Tremblay Park

48°49′33″N 2°29′17″E﻿ / ﻿48.82583°N 2.48806°E﻿ / 48.82583; 2.48806
Tremblay Park (French: parc du Tremblay is a park of 73 hectares offering games and sporting activities. It is located in the commune of Champigny-sur-Marne, in the department of Val-de-Marne in Paris urban area. Sporting facilities include a track field, golf, soccer, archery, volleyball and rugby. This park is jointly administered by the general council of Val-de-Marne and the Council of Paris

## History

A horse track was inaugurated on the site in 1906. In the 1960s, it was proposed to transform it into an Olympic stadium seating 100,000 people. However, France lost the bid for the Olympics and it was decided to turn the area into a park dedicated to leisure activities. Construction began only in 1975. The park's construction stayed on hold until it was changed to a general sporting facility in 1975, and the park opened the following year.
# Cuevas de Sorbas

Cuevas de Sorbas are the tourist gypsum caves in Sorbas in Almeria, Spain. The formations are 6 million years old and consist of karst in gypsum rock.
# Verbum

Verbum may refer to:
* Word, the smallest element that may be uttered in isolation with semantic or pragmatic content
* Verb, from the Latin verbum meaning word, is a word (part of speech) that in syntax conveys an action or a state of being
* Logos, an important term in philosophy, psychology, rhetoric, and religion
* Dei verbum, one of the principal documents of the Second Vatican Council
* Verbum (magazine), an early personal computer and computer art magazine focusing on interactive art and computer graphics
* Verbum (Slovak magazine), a Slovak language magazine focused primarily on writings of the Catholic intelligentsia
* A 1942 lithograph by M. C. Escher
* A version of Logos Bible Software designed to help Christians to study the Bible
# Back River Light

The Back River Light, also known as the Grandview Light, was a lighthouse south of the mouth of the Back River on the western shore of the Chesapeake Bay, several miles north of Fort Monroe near Hampton, Virginia. Plagued by erosion for most of its existence, it was destroyed in 1956 by Hurricane Flossy.

## History

This lighthouse constructed in 1829 by Winslow Lewis of Boston, was a 30-foot (9.1 m) conical masonry tower similar to others further up the bay. A hint of its coming travails was given by the need for a 144-foot (44 m) long footbridge to carry the keeper over the marshy land between the tower and his house. Ten oil lamps and ten parabolic reflectors fourteen inches in diameter, coated with pure silver, were initially installed. When placed in service, the light's ‘characteristic’ was described as “continuous revolving white with a 90-second interval. As technology improved it later housed a Fresnel lens.
The light was damaged by Confederate raiders in 1862, but was back in service the following year. But the remainder of the century saw a continuing battle against erosion, and riprap was laid around the base of the tower several times between 1868 and 1888. In 1894 a second story was added to the keeper's house, but this served only until 1914, when the house facing destruction due to beach erosion was demolished, with the light being automated the following year. The Back River Light was discontinued in 1936. Twenty years later the abandoned tower, by then in disrepair and completely surrounded by water due to erosion, collapsed during Hurricane Flossy, leaving only a pile of rubble to mark the spot.

### Kane murder trial

In 1931 a drowning near the Back River Lighthouse resulted in a sensational murder trial that riveted the nation. The accused, Elisha Kent Kane, III, was a respected professor of Romance languages at the University of Tennessee and the scion of a prominent Pennsylvania family. His wife, Jenny Graham Kane, who was from nearby Newport News, had drowned under suspicious circumstances during a visit to the beach with him. Elisha's father, Evan O'Neill Kane, M.D. was a medical pioneer who gained acclaim for removing his own appendix and, years later, repairing his own hernia. His grandfather was Major General Thomas L. Kane who had founded Kane, Pennsylvania. His family tree also included Judge John Kintzing Kane, a former Pennsylvania Attorney General and close friend of U.S. President Andrew Jackson, and his namesake, U.S. Navy officer Elisha Kane, an American explorer who famously chronicled two unsuccessful mid-nineteenth century Arctic explorations in search of the lost expedition of Sir John Franklin
Due to Kane's family ties and position at the university, his murder trial at the Elizabeth City County Courthouse was covered by newspapers up and down the East Coast. Some even called it the trial of the century. After days of intense testimony, the jury deliberated for three hours and 45 minutes before finding Elisha not guilty. According to published reports, the verdict drew an immediate outburst of applause, but many thought Kane had gotten away with murder.
# Conington Castle

Conington Castle was a 16th-century house in Conington, Huntingdonshire, England, built for Sir Robert Cotton. It was demolished in 1956 by the then owner John Horace Broke Heathcote.

## History

Sir John Cotton (1662–1702) never lived in the house and it fell into ruin. His grandson, Sir John Cotton (1702–1731), pulled down part of it, and converted the rest into a farmhouse. The politician John Heathcote (1767–1838) restored and improved the house. His eldest son, John Moyer Heathcote, made substantial alterations in 1840.
In 1941 John Norman Heathcote placed the castle at the disposal of the British Red Cross for use as a convalescent hospital. The buildings were modified and opened in October 1941 with accommodation for 80 patients. Mr Heathcote moved from the castle to the Home Farm.
In 1955 Conington Castle was put on the property market by John Horace Broke Heathcote. It was noted that it was 'suitable for conversion or institutional use'. Accommodation comprised 3 reception rooms, 5 bedrooms, 2 dressing rooms, and 3 bathrooms. There was also 14 secondary bedrooms and 3 bathrooms; stabling; a cottage; garages; walled gardens; and 35 acres of parkland.
In November 1955 Huntingdonshire County Council received a notice of the intention to demolish Conington Castle. The planning committee wished to preserve the castle but would therefore have to make a building preservation order, the effect of this would be for the Council to purchase the property, which was not possible. The Advisory Committee of the Ministry of Housing and Local Government were of the opinion that the building was not of exceptional national interest. Two wings of the castle, a stable block and butlers accommodation, were converted in 1955 to a family home thereafter called Conington House. The Heathcote family owned the property until 2008.
Connington House was owned by the Wardens and Assistants of Rochester Bridge between 2008 and 2012. The house is now owned privately.
# Paradise Theatre (Chicago)

The Paradise Theatre was a movie palace located in Chicago's West Garfield Park neighborhood. Its address was 231 N. Crawford Avenue, Chicago, Illinois. It was near the intersection of West Madison Street and Crawford (now Pulaski Road) in the West Garfield Park area of Chicago's West Side.

## History

The Paradise Theatre was built by the Balaban and Katz chain of movie theaters and opened on September 14, 1928. It was promoted as the world's most beautiful theater for its stunning interior and exterior beauty. It is regarded as one of the finest designs by architect John Eberson, as the sheer opulence and intricate craftsmanship that went into the theater made it a showpiece in and of itself. Unfortunately, flaws in the design (blamed on the vast domed ceiling in the over 3,500-seat auditorium) were exposed with the advent of talking pictures. Poor acoustics eventually cost the theater its attendance as neighborhood movie-goers would eventually turn to the nearby Mark Brothers showplace, the Marbro Theatre. As a result, business at the Paradise never recovered.
The Paradise Theatre's demise came in 1956, when Balaban and Katz closed the theater, demolished the building and sold the land to be developed as a supermarket. The theater that was "built to stand forever" almost lived up to that claim: what was estimated to have been a six-month demolition job ended up taking two years.

## Organ

The Paradise Theatre was home to a large Wurlitzer theatre organ, catalog number Opus 1942. The organ console contained five manuals (keyboards), one of only three such instruments ever made by the Wurlitzer company. The organ, which had 21 ranks of pipes, was removed from the theater in 1948. It was installed in the Los Angeles home studio of Richard Vaughn, an executive at the Hi-Fi Records label. The organ was utilized by Hi-Fi to record a series of noted stereo record albums in the 1950s featuring organist George Wright. In 1969 the instrument was reinstalled in the Phoenix, Arizona home of William Brown. Brown enlarged the organ to 34 ranks. Since 2007, the organ has been in storage in Phoenix.

## Styx album

Despite its financial issues, the Paradise Theatre remains a part of popular culture. Much of its notability is due to the Chicago-based rock band Styx's highly successful 1980 album Paradise Theatre.
Lead singer and keyboardist Dennis DeYoung described the concept album as a fictional account of Chicago's Paradise Theatre from its opening to closing (and eventual abandonment), serving as a metaphor for changing times in America from the late 1970s into the 1980s. The theater on the album's cover art doesn't resemble the real Paradise Theatre, appearing closer to another 1920s Chicago movie palace, the Granada Theatre.
# St Matthew's Church, Talbot Street

St. Matthew's Church, Talbot Street was a Church of England church in Nottingham between 1856 and 1956.

## History

It was formed as a parish in 1856, from the parish of St. Mary's Church, Nottingham. The site of 3,000 square yards in Sand Field off Talbot Street was bought by G.J.P. Smith from the Enclosure Commissioners in 1850 for £375 (equivalent to £50,652 in 2023), and given to the church.
The principal funding for the church of £4,500 came from the Church Extension Committee in Pall Mall.
It was a neat substantial structure in the Early English style, by the architect Henry Roberts, F.S.A., of London;. It had narrow lancets, a broad tower, and a tall broach spire. At their western ends the aisles terminated in two low octagonal turrets. The construction cost was £5,645 (equivalent to £666,330 in 2023),
It was built as a Trustee's Church under the Act of Parliament of William IV. The trustees were Henry Kingscote of Spring Gardens, London, Francis Wright of Osmaston, Derbyshire, Revd. Charles Eyre of Rampton Hall, Nottinghamshire and Revd. Joshua William Brooks, vicar of St. Mary's.
Fanny Brooks, wife of Joshua William Brooks, vicar of St. Mary's, inserted a canister beneath the foundation stone containing an inscription in Latin and a bottle containing coins.
The church was consecrated on 15 January 1856. The first incumbent was Revd. George Dundas, who published the church's own psalter and hymn book.
It was originally designed for 700 people, but this was reduced to 450 when the galleries were closed in 1881. It was built on a site released under the enclosure act.
In 1878 there was a fire in the roof, and the water used to extinguish it cause much damage to the organ and choir stalls. In 1887 there was a restoration and re-ordering under the supervision of William Dymock Pratt.
In 1926, the parish of St. Thomas' Church, Nottingham was merged with St. Matthew's.

## Incumbents

* George Dundas 1856-1883
* Thomas Boys Barraclough Ferris 1883-1907
* Ernest Perrin Percy Lea Thompson 1908-1921 (formerly Curate of Beccles, afterwards Vicar of Christ's Church, North Finchley)
* Sydney James Nisbet Wallace 1921-1927
* John Thomas Mellifont 1927-1933
* Joseph Charles Lasham 1933-1935
* William McKeag O’Kane 1935-1947
* Herbert Stanley Pearce 1947-1956

## Organists

* Henry Houseley ???? - 1870
* Mr. Taylor ca. 1881
* George Essex ca. 1893
* F.C. Webb
* F. Vernon Sadler ???? - 1928
* J. Gordon Wood 1928 - 1936 (formerly organist of St. Stephen's Church, Hyson Green)

## Closure

The church was demolished 1956. St. Matthew's School building which was directly adjacent to the church was left standing. The site is now in the planning stages for a new church by the Christian Centre, Nottingham.
# Eyach (Enz)

The Eyach is a river in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It is a left tributary of the Enz near Höfen an der Enz. Including its source river Brotenaubach, it is 18.5 km-long.
# Hayk Asatryan

Hayk Asatryan (Armenian: Հայկ Ասատրյան; 5 February 1900 – 13 January 1956) was an Armenian political theorist, an associate and close friend of Garegin Nzhdeh, and one of the founders of Tseghakronism and Taronism. He authored several books and articles on the history of Armenia.

## Biography

Asatryan was born in Alashkert. During his school years, he joined the Armenian Revolutionary Federation and published the party's newspaper Shant in Yerevan from 1918 to 1919. He participated in the 1921 February Uprising, and then settled in Bulgaria and Romania. He later studied in the Department of Philosophy at the University of Prague, graduating in 1930 with the title of Doctor of Philosophical Sciences.
He remained engaged in ARF party activities and was a member of the ARF Central Committee. Due to disagreements with his colleagues, Asatryan left the party in 1935. He worked closely with Garegin Nzhdeh and together they founded the ideology of Tseghakronism. Asatryan co-edited the Razmik and Eagle Taron newspapers with Nzhdeh from 1937 to 1944 in Bulgaria. In 1942, he published the book Armenia - Aryan Outpost in Western Asia in Armenian and German. This book was meant to prove the Indo-European origin of the Armenian people, amid propaganda in the German press that Armenians were of Semitic origin and to be exterminated.
In 1944, he was arrested by Soviet soldiers in Bulgaria and transferred to prison, while his family was exiled to Pavlikeni. He was granted amnesty in 1955 and died a year later in Sofia from a heart attack.
# Toronto Board of Trade Building

The Board of Trade Building was one of the first skyscrapers in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Completed in 1892 on the corner of Front Street East and Yonge Street, the seven storey tower was home to the Toronto Board of Trade and the Toronto Transit Commission.
The building was designed by the American architectural firm of James & James of New York City, and somewhat resembled the appearance of the Flour and Grain Exchange Building in Boston, Massachusetts, which had been designed two years earlier by the Boston firm of Shepley, Rutan & Coolidge. That Boston firm was also credited with the plans for the Montreal Board of Trade Building. There was considerable controversy about the award of the design contract; the Board of Trade wanted to build a skyscraper like those in New York, Chicago and Boston, and they favoured an American architect over Canadian-based ones, supposedly on the basis of experience with tall buildings. The first design by James & James of New York partially collapsed during construction. James & James were dismissed from the job and Edward A. Kent, an architect from Buffalo, N.Y., was called in to complete the building following the plans of James & James.
The Board of Trade Building was soon eclipsed in height in 1894 by the Beard Building and then in 1895 by the ten-story Temple Building on Bay Street.
It was demolished in 1958. The lot is now occupied by the EDS office tower.
# James Brunker

James Nixon Brunker (28 April 1832 – 5 June 1910) was an Australian politician, Minister of Lands in the Parliament of New South Wales.

## Early life and business

Brunker was born in Port Macquarie, New South Wales, Australia. He was the son of John Nixon Brunker, a wine and spirit merchant, and his wife Mary Ann, née McGreavy. He commenced articles as a solicitor's clerk, but did not complete them. In 1851 , moving to Maitland in 1851 where he established a butchery. The same year he married Elizabeth Hewlett née Weiss and they would have 10 children. In 1856 he became a stock and station agent, which in 1870 became a partnership with Henry Badgery and J E Wolfe, with branches in Newcastle and Sydney. The partnership dissolved and Brunker retained the Maitland business.

## Political career

Brunker was elected one of the inaugural aldermen of the Municipality of East Maitland in 1862. He was an active supporter of Henry Parkes, nominating Parkes at the 1863 East Maitland by-election, and organising campaign meetings. His business partner Badgery was elected to represent East Maitland at the 1878 East Maitland by-election. Badgery successfully contested the 1880 election for Monaro and Brunker was elected unopposed to replace him as the member for East Maitland, joining Parkes' Free Trade Party in 1887. He was re-elected unopposed throughout the 1880s and held the seat until 16 July 1904. East Maitland was abolished as a result of the 1903 re-distribution following the 1903 New South Wales referendum, and Brunker stood as the Liberal Reform Party candidate for the new district of Maitland which had largely absorbed East Maitland and West Maitland, but was defeated. On 12 June 1905 Brunker was appointed to the New South Wales Legislative Council and served until his resignation on 26 June 1909.
Brunker was appointed Secretary for Lands in the fourth Parkes ministry in August 1888, and again in the fifth Parkes ministry, retiring with his colleagues in October 1891. He was Colonial Secretary in the Reid ministry from 3 August 1894 to 13 September 1899, and acting Premier during Reid's absence in England.

## Later life and death

Brunker was bankrupted in 1908 with his occupation listed as auctioneer. He had a lengthy illness prior to his death in Maitland, New South Wales on 5 June 1910(1910-06-05) (aged 78), survived by his wife Elizabeth, a daughter, Mary Ann Elizabeth and four sons, James Henry, George William, Arthur Frederick and Ernest Septimus, 34 grandchildren and 2 great grandchildren. The other five children had predeceased him. Elizabeth died on 10 November 1916(1916-11-10) (aged 88).