OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Magnetic energy

The potential magnetic energy of a magnet or magnetic moment $\mathbf {m}$ in a magnetic field $\mathbf {B}$ is defined as the mechanical work of the magnetic force on the re-alignment of the vector of the magnetic dipole moment and is equal to: $E_{\text{p,m}}=-\mathbf {m} \cdot \mathbf {B}$The mechanical work takes the form of a torque ${\boldsymbol {N}}$:$\mathbf {N} =\mathbf {m} \times \mathbf {B} =-\mathbf {r} \times \mathbf {\nabla } E_{\text{p,m}}$ which will act to "realign" the magnetic dipole with the magnetic field.
In an electronic circuit the energy stored in an inductor (of inductance $L$) when a current $I$ flows through it is given by:$E_{\text{p,m}}={\frac {1}{2}}LI^{2}.$ This expression forms the basis for superconducting magnetic energy storage. It can be derived from a time average of the product of current and voltage across an inductor.
Energy is also stored in a magnetic field itself. The energy per unit volume $u$ in a region of free space with vacuum permeability $\mu _{0}$ containing magnetic field $\mathbf {B}$ is: $u={\frac {1}{2}}{\frac {B^{2}}{\mu _{0}}}$More generally, if we assume that the medium is paramagnetic or diamagnetic so that a linear constitutive equation exists that relates $\mathbf {B}$ and the magnetization $\mathbf {H}$ (for example $\mathbf {H} =\mathbf {B} /\mu$ where $\mu$ is the magnetic permeability of the material), then it can be shown that the magnetic field stores an energy of $E={\frac {1}{2}}\int \mathbf {H} \cdot \mathbf {B} \,\mathrm {d} V$ where the integral is evaluated over the entire region where the magnetic field exists.
For a magnetostatic system of currents in free space, the stored energy can be found by imagining the process of linearly turning on the currents and their generated magnetic field, arriving at a total energy of: $E={\frac {1}{2}}\int \mathbf {J} \cdot \mathbf {A} \,\mathrm {d} V$ where $\mathbf {J}$ is the current density field and $\mathbf {A}$ is the magnetic vector potential. This is analogous to the electrostatic energy expression 1/2 ∫ρϕdV{\textstyle {\frac {1}{2}}\int \rho \phi \, \mathrm {d} V}; note that neither of these static expressions apply in the case of time-varying charge or current distributions.
# Miguel Sanabria

Miguel Ángel Sanabria (born November 11, 1964) is a retired football (soccer) midfielder from Paraguay. He played professional football for clubs like Club Olimpia in Paraguay, and also had a spell in Bolivia, playing for Club Bolívar.

## Teams

* Cerro Porteño 1985–1990
* Bolívar 1991
* Olimpia 1991–1996
* Nacional 1997
* Unión Española 1997

## International career

Sanabria made his international debut for the Paraguay national football team on July 10, 1991 in a Copa América match against Venezuela (5-0 win), substituting Felipe Peralta in the 76th minute. He obtained a total number of three international caps, scoring no goals for the national side.
# My Little Business

Ma petite entreprise (English: My Little Business) is a 1999 French film directed by Pierre Jolivet and written by Jolivet and Simon Michaël.

## Cast

* Vincent Lindon : Ivan Lansi
* François Berléand : Maxime Nassieff
* Roschdy Zem : Sami
* Zabou Breitman : Nathalie
* Albert Dray : Charles
* Catherine Mouchet : Lucie
* Françoise Sage : Catherine
* Pascal Leguennec : Louis
* Catherine Davenier : Marthe
* Yoann Denaive : Christophe Lansi
* Lokman Nalcakan : Ludo
* Anne Le Ny : Madame Chastaing

## Awards and nominations

* César Awards (France)
** Won: Best Actor – Supporting Role (François Berléand)
** Nominated: Best Actor – Leading Role (Vincent Lindon)
** Nominated: Best Actor – Supporting Role (Roschdy Zem)
** Nominated: Best Actress – Supporting Role (Catherine Mouchet)
** Nominated: Best Writing (Pierre Jolivet and Simon Michaël)
* Étoiles d'Or (France)
** Won: Best Film (Pierre Jolivet)
* Montréal World Film Festival (Canada)
** Won: Best Screenplay (Pierre Jolivet and Simon Michaël)
** Nominated: Grand Prix des Amériques (Pierre Jolivet)
# Chestnut (disambiguation)

Chestnut is a genus of deciduous trees and shrubs, and the name of the edible nut they produce.
Chestnut may also refer to:

## Arts and entertainment

* Chestnut (dance), an English country dance
* Chestnut (film), a 2023 American drama
* Chestnut (joke), British slang for an old or stale joke, or a piece of music that has gone stale
* "Chestnut" (Westworld), a 2016 TV episode
* Chestnut: Hero of Central Park, a 2004 family film

## Places in the United States

* Chestnut, Illinois
* Chestnut, Louisiana
* Chestnut Creek, Virginia
* Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts
* Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
* Chestnut Township, Knox County, Illinois

## Other uses

* Chestnut (color), reddish brown
* Chestnut hair, reddish brown hair
* Chestnut (horse color)
* Chestnut (horse anatomy), a natural callus on the legs of horses
* Chestnut (surname), including a list of people with the name
* Chestnut Canoe Company, a Canadian company that closed in 1979
* Operation Chestnut, a failed British Second World War raid
* USS Chestnut, a World War II ship
* Chestnut or Conistra vaccinii, a moth
# Ray Monette

Ray Monette (born May 7, 1946) is an American musician, singer and songwriter.

## Career

He started his career as a session musician with Motown. He was also a songwriter and, in 1967 Detroit started a band called The Abstract Reality, who released a 45 rpm single "Love Burns Like A Fire Inside". He formed Scorpion with Mike Campbell, Bob 'Babbitt' Kreinar and Andrew Smith. His name appears on Scorpion and Meat Loaf's debut album Stoney & Meatloaf (1971). For that recording, Monette co-wrote four songs. That same year, he played tenor guitar on "Evolution" by Dennis Coffey & the Detroit Guitar Band, and played a guitar solo on Funkadelic's "I Got A Thing, You Got A Thing, Everybody's Got A Thing". He was guitarist and singer for Rare Earth from 1971 until 2004 (with a break around 1977). Monette played guitar on one of Rare Earth's most memorable singles, "I Just Want to Celebrate" and was the guitarist on the gold-selling 1971 live album, Rare Earth in Concert.
In 2010, Monette played on the Phil Collins album, Going Back.
# Henri Gagnebin

Henri David Gagnebin (13 March 1886 – 1 June 1977) was a Belgian-born Swiss composer.

## Early life

Gagnebin was born on 13 March 1886 in Liège, the son of Henri-Auguste Gagnebin, a pastor, and Adolphine Heshuysen, a native of the Netherlands. He had at least one brother, Élie, who was later a professor at the University of Lausanne.

## Career

His first studies were in Bienne and Lausanne. He studied the piano with Auguste Laufer and harmony with Justin Bischoff. In 1905, he spent eight months in Berlin, where he studied composition with Richard Rössler. In 1908, he moved to Paris, where he studied the organ with Louis Vierne and composition with Vincent d'Indy. He stayed there for eight years, during which he was organist at the Lutheran Church of the Redemption. In 1916, he became organist at the Temple de Saint-Jean in Lausanne, and also taught courses at the conservatory. In 1925, he was invited to become director of the conservatory at Geneva, where he remained until his retirement in 1961.
Gagnebin worked in most musical genres, with the exception of opera: he wrote symphonies, two ballets, a trio, four quartets, a large number of pieces for various instrumental groups, four toccatas for the piano, a piano concerto, more than one hundred pieces on Huguenot psalms, two church sonatas and a number of organ pieces. He was also a frequent contributor to music periodicals, including La Tribune de Genève.

## Death

Gagnebin died in Geneva on 1 June 1977.
# Lobesia artemisiana

Lobesia artemisiana is a species of moth belonging to the family Tortricidae.
It is native to Europe.
# Coronelism

Coronelism, from the term Coronelismo (Portuguese pronunciation:), was the Brazilian political machine during the Old Republic (1889–1930), also known as the "rule of the colonels", responsible for the centralization of political power in the hands of a locally dominant oligarch, known as a coronel, who would dispense favors in return for loyalty.
The patron-client political machines of the countryside enabled agrarian oligarchs, especially coffee planters in the dominant state of São Paulo, to dominate state structures to their advantage, particularly the weak central state structures that effectively devolved power to local agrarian oligarchies.
In time, growing trade, commerce, and industry in São Paulo state would serve to undermine the domination of the republic's politics by the São Paulo landed gentry (dominated by the coffee industry) and Minas Gerais (another major coffee producing state, but noted for the size of its dairy industry)—known then by observers as the coffee with milk (café com leite) politics. Under Getúlio Vargas, Brazil moved toward a more centralized state structure that has served to regularize and modernize state governments, moving toward universal suffrage and secret ballots, gradually freeing Brazilian politics from the grips of coronelismo. However, the legacy of the oligarchies is still strongly visible in what is described as Neo-Coronelism or electronic coronelism. Brazilian politics is still known for being highly patrimonial, oligarchic, and personalistic.
# Israel at the Youth Olympics

Israel first participated at the Youth Olympic Games at the inaugural 2010 Games. Israel has sent a team to each Summer Youth Olympic Games and to Winter Youth Olympic Games since 2016.

## Medal tables
### List of medalists

| Medal | Name | Games | Sport | Event |
| Gold | Gili Haimovitz | 2010 Singapore | Taekwondo | Boys' 48 kg |
| Gold | Dmitri Kroytor | 2010 Singapore | Athletics | Boys' High Jump |
| Gold | Mayan Rafic | 2010 Singapore | Sailing | Boys' Windsurfing (Techno 293) |
| Silver | Yakov Toumarkin | 2010 Singapore | Swimming | Boys' 100m Backstroke |
| Silver | Yakov Toumarkin | 2010 Singapore | Swimming | Boys' 200m Backstroke |
| Gold | Anastasia Gorbenko | 2018 Buenos Aires | Swimming | Girls' 200m individual medley |
| Silver | Yonatan Fridman Noa Kazado Yakar | 2018 Buenos Aires | Gymnastics | Acrobatic mixed pairs |
| Bronze | Denis Loktev | 2018 Buenos Aires | Swimming | Boys' 200m freestyle |
| Silver | Noa Szollos | 2020 Lausanne | Alpine skiing | Combined |
| Bronze | Noa Szollos | 2020 Lausanne | Alpine skiing | Super-G |

## Flag bearers

| # | Games | Season | Flag bearer | Sport |
| 5 | 2020 Lausanne | Winter | Nikita Kovalenko | Figure skating |
| 4 | 2018 Buenos Aires | Summer | Avishag Semberg | Taekwondo |
| 3 | 2016 Lillehammer | Winter | Itamar Biran | Alpine skiing |
| 2 | 2014 Nanjing | Summer | Yoav Omer | Sailing |
| 1 | 2010 Singapore | Summer | Naomi Cohen | Sailing |

## Youth Olympic participants
### Summer Youth Olympics

| Sport | 2010 | 2014 | 2018 | Total |
| Archery | | 1 | | 1 |
| Athletics | 1 | 2 | 3 | 6 |
| Basketball | 4 | | | 4 |
| Cycling | | | 2 | 2 |
| Gymnastics | 1 | 2 | 4 | 7 |
| Judo | 2 | 1 | 1 | 4 |
| Sailing | 2 | 2 | 2 | 6 |
| Swimming | 3 | 4 | 4 | 11 |
| Table tennis | | 1 | | 1 |
| Taekwondo | 1 | | 2 | 3 |
| Triathlon | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 |
| Total | 15 | 14 | 19 | 48 |

### Winter Youth Olympics

| Sport | 2016 | 2020 | 2024 | Total |
| Alpine skiing | 1 | 1 | | 2 |
| Figure skating | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 |
| Freestyle skiing | | 1 | | 1 |
| Total | 2 | 3 | 1 | 6 |
# Mental Health Act 2001 (Ireland)

The Mental Health Act 2001 is an Act of the Irish Parliament, the Oireachtas, which sets out the legal procedures for admissions and treatment in approved centres. It aims to protect the rights of everyone using the mental health services. It aims to ensure the patient's best interest is the most important aspect of mental health. The Act says that the patient has the right to receive good quality mental health care, and mental health services should be properly run and regulated. Under the act, mental health workers are obliged to ensure the patient is treated in a way that respects their rights. The Mental Health Act 2001 was enacted by the Oireachtas of Ireland on 8 July 2001. Most of the important provisions came into force on 1 November 2006. Some less important sections came into force in 2002.
The Act provides for the involuntary civil admission of patients on grounds of mental disorder. It also established the Mental Health Commission and the Inspectorate of Mental Health Services. It established three-person (a consultant psychiatrist, a legal chair and a lay member) Mental Health Tribunals which review the detention of patients on a regular basis. A patient has the right to attend their own tribunal. It also outlines the voluntary admission policy. Patients can leave the hospital at any time if they are under voluntary status. If staff feel that they may be a harm to themselves or to others they can hold them for up to 24 hours, and they will be reviewed by two consultant psychiatrists.
There have been a number of amendments to the Act since 2006. A Revised Act, with amendments incorporated, is available on the Law Reform Commission site.
# Roman Catholic Diocese of Nuoro

The Diocese of Nuoro (Latin: Dioecesis Nuorensis) is a Latin Church diocese of the Catholic Church in Sardinia. It is a suffragan of the archdiocese of Cagliari. Historically it was the diocese of Galtellì until 1779, and then the diocese of Galtellì-Nuoro until 1928.

## History

Galtellì was an episcopal see in 1138, when Pope Innocent II made it a suffragan of the archdiocese of Pisa; later, it was directly subject to the Holy See. In 1495, it was suppressed by Alexander VI, and its territory united to the diocese of Cagliari. In 1787, at the request of King Victor Emmanuel III, it was re-established, but the bishop continued to live at Nuoro. Among its bishops was Fra Arnolfo de Bissalis (1366).

## Bishops
### Diocese of Galtelli

Erected: 12th Century Latin Name: Galtellinensis

### Diocese of Galtelli-Nuoro (Galtelly Nori)

Name Changed: 21 July 1779 Latin Name: Galtellinensis-Nuorensis Metropolitan: Archdiocese of Cagliari
* Arnaldo Biscales, O. Carm. (11 Jul 1348 – )
* Sebastien Abbatis, O.P. (6 Mar 1433 – 1451 Died)
* Giovanni Antioco Serra Urru (Sisra) (18 Sep 1780 – 8 Feb 1786 Died)
* Pietro Antonio Craveri, O.F.M. Obs. (7 Apr 1788 – 7 Oct 1801 Died)
* Alberto Maria Giuseppe Andrea Luigi Solinas (17 Jan 1803 – 17 Jul 1817 Died)
* Antonio-Maria Casabianca (29 Mar 1819 – 29 Jan 1828, when he was put under an interdict)
* Administrator: Giovanni Maria Bua, Archbishop of Oristano (died 1840)
* Emanuele Marongiu Maccioni (11 Dec 1848 – 9 Oct 1852 Resigned)
* Salvatore Angelo de Martis, O. Carm. (22 Feb 1867 – 24 Jun 1902 Died)
* Luca Canepa (18 Feb 1903 – 11 Dec 1922 Died)
* Maurilio Fossati, O.Ss.G.C. (24 Mar 1924 – 2 Oct 1929 Appointed, Archbishop of Sassari)

### Diocese of Nuoro

Name Changed: 27 January 1928 Latin Name: Nuorensis Metropolitan: Archdiocese of Cagliari
* Giuseppe Cogoni (20 Nov 1930 – 4 Nov 1938 Appointed, Archbishop of Oristano)
* Felice Beccaro (3 Mar 1939 – 26 Nov 1946 Appointed, Bishop of San Miniato)
* Giuseppe Melas (31 Jan 1947 – 10 Sep 1970 Died)
* Giovanni Melis Fois (7 Nov 1970 – 16 Apr 1992 Retired)
* Pietro Meloni (16 Apr 1992 – 21 Apr 2011 Retired)
* Mosè Marcia (21 Apr 2011 – 2 July 2019 Retired)
* Antonio Mura (2 July 2019 – Present)
In 9 April 2020, Pope Francis appointed Bishop Mura as Bishop of Lanusei, in addition to his current role as Bishop of Nuoro.
# Geoffrey Drummond

Geoffrey Heneage Drummond, VC (25 January 1886 – 21 April 1941) was a British land agent, businessman, sailor, and a recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces.

## Early life and First World War

Drummond was born on 25 January 1886. He was 32 years old, and a lieutenant in the Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve during the First World War, and was awarded the VC for his part in the Second Ostend Raid.
On 9/10 May 1918 at Ostend, Belgium, Lieutenant Drummond commanding HMML (Motor Launch) 254, volunteered for rescue work and was following HMS Vindictive to the harbour when a shell burst on board killing an officer and a deck hand and badly wounding the coxswain and Lieutenant Drummond. Notwithstanding his wounds, this officer brought M.L. 254 alongside Vindictive and then took off two officers and 38 men, some of whom were killed or wounded while embarking. He retained consciousness long enough to back his vessel away from the piers and towards the open sea before collapsing exhausted from his wounds.

## Post-war

Drummond married Maude Aylmer Tindal Bosanquet (d 27 Sept, 1967) on 2 July 1918.
Despite suffering from his severe wounds received in his VC action, Drummond served with the Royal Naval Patrol Service in the Second World War.
Drummond died on 21 April 1941 from a fall. His VC is on display in the Lord Ashcroft Gallery at the Imperial War Museum, London.
# Rutherglen Castle

Rutherglen Castle was located where Castle Street meets King Street in Rutherglen, Scotland. It was a large and important castle, having been built in the 13th century; the walls were reportedly 5 feet thick.
The castle fell under the control of the English during the First War of Scottish Independence and was later besieged several times by Robert The Bruce. It was eventually retaken by his brother Edward Bruce and Sir James Douglas but was spared destruction, unlike so many of the other castles recaptured from the English. However, the castle was burned to the ground by James Stewart, 1st Earl of Moray, in 1569, in retribution against the Hamiltons of Shawfield for having supported Mary, Queen of Scots, at the Battle of Langside.
# Shawn Swords

Jeffrey Shawn Swords (born December 27, 1973, in Ottawa, Ontario) is a Canadian basketball coach, and former player. He is currently associate head coach for the Long Island Nets. He previously served as head coach of the Laurentian University Voyageurs men's basketball team.

## Playing career

He played for Canada at the 2000 Summer Olympics. He also played professionally overseas from 1997 to 2007 in England for the Worthing Bears, and also in France, Italy and on Team Canada.

## Coaching career

Swords served as the head coach at Laurentian University from 2007 to 2022.
On October 3, 2022, he was named assistant coach for the Long Island Nets of the NBA G League. On August 10, 2023, he was promoted to associate head coach for the Long Island Nets.

## Personal life

His daughters, Syla and Savannah, are both basketball players. Syla is committed to play college basketball at Michigan.
# Rakibul Hasan (cricketer, born 2002)

Rakibul Hasan (born 9 September 2002) is a Bangladeshi cricketer. He made his List A debut for Shinepukur Cricket Club in the 2018–19 Dhaka Premier Division Cricket League on 23 March 2019.
In December 2019, he was named in Bangladesh's squad for the 2020 Under-19 Cricket World Cup. On 21 January 2020, in Bangladesh's match against Scotland, he took a hat-trick. He made his Twenty20 debut on 6 December 2020, for Gazi Group Chattogram in the 2020–21 Bangabandhu T20 Cup.
In February 2021, he was selected in the Bangladesh Emerging squad for their home series against the Ireland Wolves. He made his first-class debut for Dhaka Metropolis in the 2020–21 National Cricket League on 22 March 2021. In December 2021, he was named as the captain of Bangladesh's team for the 2022 ICC Under-19 Cricket World Cup in the West Indies.
# Hemnagar, North 24 Parganas

Hemnagar is a village in the Hingalganj CD block in the Basirhat subdivision of the North 24 Parganas district in the state of West Bengal, India.

## Geography
### Location

Hemnagar is located at 22°12′59″N 88°58′54″E﻿ / ﻿22.216322°N 88.981633°E﻿ / 22.216322; 88.981633.

### Area overview

The area shown in the map is a part of the Ichhamati-Raimangal Plain, located in the lower Ganges Delta. It contains soil of mature black or brownish loam to recent alluvium. Numerous rivers, creeks and khals criss-cross the area. The tip of the Sundarbans National Park is visible in the lower part of the map (shown in green but not marked). The larger full screen map shows the full forest area. A large section of the area is a part of the Sundarbans settlements. The densely populated area is an overwhelmingly rural area. Only 12.96% of the population lives in the urban areas and 87.04% of the population lives in the rural areas.
Note: The map alongside presents some of the notable locations in the subdivision. All places marked in the map are linked in the larger full screen map.

## Civic Administration
### Police station

Hemnagar police station has jurisdiction over Hingalganj CD Block (partly). It has a riverine border of 15 km, all of which is unfenced.
Hemnagar PS was a part of the comprehensive coastal surveillance plan covering the coastal areas along the Bay of Bengal and the Sundarbans bordering Bangladesh.
    See also - Chhota Mollakhali for a similar police station in South 24 Parganas district

## Demographics

According to the 2011 Census of India, Hemnagar had a total population of 3,960, of which 2,029 (51%) were males and 1,931 (49%) were females. Population in the age range 0–6 years was 367. The total number of literate persons in Hemnagar was 2,844 (79.15% of the population over 6 years).

## Transport

This is what a two-wheeler rider wrote after a visit to the area in 2014: "From Hingalganj to Lebukhali, it's a 14 km butter-smooth road. Except for a few shanties or a few village markets you are surrounded by lush green paddy or mustard (during winter) fields. Lebukhali is the last place till where bus services are available. After that you have to take another ferry to go to Hemnagar." Beyond Hemnagar, the Sundarbans start.
The 684 m long bridge across the Katakhali at Hasnabad was opened to public in March 2019, linking Hingalganj with Hasnabad. Lebukhali, the last point up to which motorised transport can reach is now directly connected to Kolkata and other places.

## Education

Hemnagar High School is a Bengali-medium coeducational institution, established in 1957. It has facilities for teaching from class VI to X.
# Portrait of the Duke of Wellington

Portrait of the Duke of Wellington may refer to:
* Portrait of the Duke of Wellington (Goya), a painting by Francisco de Goya
* Portrait of the Duke of Wellington (Lawrence), a painting by Sir Thomas Lawrence
* Portrait of the Duke of Wellington (Phillips), a painting by Thomas Phillips
# Globe Building (Minneapolis)

The Globe Building was an 8-floor building in Minneapolis. It was the first recorded tallest building in Minnesota. It was built in 1889 to house the offices of the St. Paul Globe newspaper (which occupied part of several floors) while the remainder of the building was rented as office space. Richard Warren Sears was among its early tenants.
After the newspaper folded in 1905, it continued to function as an office building and went on to count Senator Thomas Schall and Representative Ernest Lundeen among its tenants. By the 1930s the building sat vacant due to the poor economy and the general age of the building. In the 1940s it was briefly converted into a parking facility dubbed "The 4th Street Garage."
It was demolished in 1958 and replaced by the Minneapolis Central Library, which opened in 1961.
# Globe Building (Saint Paul)

The Globe Building was a ten-story office building located in the American city of Saint Paul, Minnesota. Located in Downtown Saint Paul, it was built to serve as the headquarters of the Saint Paul Globe newspaper.
Designed by E. Townsend Mix, the building was designed in an eclectic Romanesque Revival style topped by an open-air tower that visitors could access and look out from. At the time it was built, it was the tallest office building in Saint Paul.
After the Saint Paul Globe folded in 1905, the building continued on as a general office building, undergoing several rounds of renovations (including the removal of its trademark tower in 1950). In 1959, the building was demolished to make way for the Degree of Honor Building which opened in 1961.