# Global Gender Gap Report

The Global Gender Gap Report is an index designed to measure gender equality. It was first published in 2006 by the World Economic Forum.
It "assesses countries on how well they are dividing their resources and opportunities among their male and female populations, regardless of the overall levels of these resources and opportunities," the Report says. "By providing a comprehensible framework for assessing and comparing global gender gaps and by revealing those countries that are role models in dividing these resources equitably between women and men, the Report serves as a catalyst for greater awareness as well as greater exchange between policymakers."
According to the World Economic Forum's Global Gender Gap Report 2023, it will take exactly 131 years for the gender gap to close.

## Methodology

The report's Gender Gap Index ranks countries according to calculated gender gap between women and men in four key areas: health, education, economy and politics to gauge the state of gender equality in a country.
The report examines four overall areas of inequality between men and women in 146 economies around the globe, over 93% of the world's population:
* Economic participation and opportunity – outcomes on salaries, participation levels and access to high-skilled employment
* Educational attainment – outcomes on access to basic and higher-level education
* Political empowerment – outcomes on representation in decision-making structures
* Health and survival – outcomes on life expectancy and sex ratio. In this case parity is not assumed, there are assumed to be fewer female births than male (944 female for every 1,000 males), and men are assumed to die younger. Provided that women live at least six percent longer than men, parity is assumed. But if it is less than six percent it counts as a gender gap.
Thirteen out of the fourteen variables used to create the index are from publicly available "hard data" indicators from international organizations, such as the International Labour Organization, the United Nations Development Programme and the World Health Organization.

## Upper limiting value of the Gender Gap Index

1. Economic participation and opportunity :
| Ratio | Limit | Weight | Value |
| Labour force participation | 1.0 | 0.199 | 0.199 |
| Wage equality for similar work | 1.0 | 0.310 | 0.310 |
| Estimated earned income | 1.0 | 0.221 | 0.221 |
| Legislators, senior officials and managers | 1.0 | 0.149 | 0.149 |
| Professional and technical workers | 1.0 | 0.121 | 0.121 |
| | Sum | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| 2. Educational attainment ||||
| Ratio | Limit | Weight | Value |
| Literacy rate | 1.0 | 0.191 | 0.191 |
| Enrolment in primary education | 1.0 | 0.459 | 0.459 |
| Enrolment in secondary education | 1.0 | 0.229 | 0.229 |
| Enrolment in tertiary education | 1.0 | 0.121 | 0.121 |
| | Sum | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| 3. Health and survival ||||
| Ratio | Limit | Weight | Value |
| Sex ratio at birth | 0.944 | 0.693 | 0.654 |
| Healthy life expectancy | 1.060 | 0.307 | 0.325 |
| | Sum | 1.0 | 0.980 |
| 4. Political empowerment ||||
| Ratio | Limit | Weight | Value |
| Women in parliament | 1.0 | 0.310 | 0.310 |
| Women in ministerial positions | 1.0 | 0.247 | 0.247 |
| Years with female head of state | 1.0 | 0.443 | 0.443 |
| | Sum | 1.0 | 1.0 |
Compilation :
| 1. Economic participation and opportunity | 1.000 |
| 2. Educational attainment | 1.000 |
| 3. Health and survival | 0.980 |
| 4. Political empowerment | 1.000 |
| Sum | 3.980 |
Gender Gap Index: 3.98 / 4 = 0.9949
This is the upper limiting value of the Gender Gap Index (limes superior) for the female-to-male ratio and for the male-to-female ratio.

## WEF Global Gender Gap Index rankings

The highest possible score is 1.0 (equality or better for women, except for lifespan (106% or better for women) and gender parity at birth (94.4% or better for women) and the lowest possible score is 0. Data for some countries are unavailable. The three highest-ranking countries have closed over 84% of their gender gaps, while the lowest-ranking country has closed only a little over 50% of its gender gap.
| Location | Location | Year | Year | Year | Year | Year | Year | Year | Year | Year | Year | Year | Year | Year | Year | Year | Year |
| Country | Region | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 |
| Afghanistan | South Asia | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | 0.444 | 0.435 |
| Albania | Europe | 0.6607 | 0.6685 | 0.6591 | 0.6601 | 0.6726 | 0.6748 | 0.6655 | 0.6412 | 0.6869 | 0.701 | 0.704 | 0.728 | 0.734 | 0.769 | 0.770 | 0.787 |
| Algeria | Africa | 0.6018 | 0.6068 | 0.6111 | 0.6119 | 0.6052 | 0.5991 | 0.6112 | 0.5966 | 0.6182 | 0.632 | 0.642 | 0.629 | 0.629 | 0.634 | 0.633 | 0.602 |
| Angola | Africa | 0.6039 | 0.6034 | 0.6032 | 0.6353 | 0.6712 | 0.6624 | N/A | 0.6659 | 0.6311 | 0.637 | 0.643 | 0.640 | 0.633 | 0.660 | 0.657 | 0.638 |
| Argentina | South America | 0.6829 | 0.6982 | 0.7209 | 0.7211 | 0.7187 | 0.7236 | 0.7212 | 0.7195 | 0.7317 | 0.734 | 0.735 | 0.732 | 0.733 | 0.746 | 0.752 | 0.756 |
| Armenia | West Asia | N/A | 0.6651 | 0.6677 | 0.6619 | 0.6669 | 0.6654 | 0.6636 | 0.6634 | 0.6622 | 0.668 | 0.669 | 0.677 | 0.678 | 0.684 | 0.673 | 0.698 |
| Australia | Oceania | 0.7163 | 0.7204 | 0.7241 | 0.7282 | 0.7271 | 0.7291 | 0.7294 | 0.7390 | 0.7409 | 0.733 | 0.721 | 0.731 | 0.730 | 0.731 | 0.731 | 0.738 |
| Austria | Europe | 0.6986 | 0.7060 | 0.7153 | 0.7031 | 0.7091 | 0.7165 | 0.7391 | 0.7437 | 0.7266 | 0.733 | 0.716 | 0.709 | 0.718 | 0.744 | 0.777 | 0.781 |
| Azerbaijan | West Asia | N/A | 0.6781 | 0.6856 | 0.6626 | 0.6446 | 0.6577 | 0.6546 | 0.6582 | 0.6753 | 0.675 | 0.684 | 0.676 | 0.680 | 0.687 | 0.688 | 0.687 |
| Bahamas | Central America | N/A | N/A | N/A | 0.7179 | 0.7128 | 0.7340 | 0.7156 | 0.7128 | 0.7269 | 0.728 | 0.729 | 0.743 | 0.741 | 0.720 | 0.725 | N/A |
| Bahrain | West Asia | 0.5894 | 0.5931 | 0.5927 | 0.6136 | 0.6217 | 0.6232 | 0.6298 | 0.6334 | 0.6261 | 0.644 | 0.615 | 0.632 | 0.627 | 0.629 | 0.632 | 0.632 |
| Bangladesh | South Asia | 0.6270 | 0.6314 | 0.6531 | 0.6526 | 0.6702 | 0.6812 | 0.6684 | 0.6848 | 0.6973 | 0.704 | 0.698 | 0.719 | 0.721 | 0.726 | 0.719 | 0.714 |
| Barbados | Central America | N/A | N/A | 0.7188 | 0.7236 | 0.7176 | 0.7170 | 0.7232 | 0.7301 | 0.7289 | 0.744 | 0.739 | 0.750 | 0.753 | 0.749 | 0.769 | 0.765 |
| Belarus | Europe | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | 0.734 | 0.737 | 0.744 | 0.747 | 0.746 | 0.758 | 0.750 |
| Belgium | Europe | 0.7078 | 0.7198 | 0.7163 | 0.7165 | 0.7509 | 0.7531 | 0.7652 | 0.7684 | 0.7809 | 0.753 | 0.745 | 0.739 | 0.738 | 0.750 | 0.789 | 0.793 |
| Belize | Central America | N/A | 0.6426 | 0.6610 | 0.6636 | 0.6536 | 0.6489 | 0.6465 | 0.6449 | 0.6701 | 0.668 | 0.676 | 0.692 | 0.662 | 0.671 | 0.699 | 0.695 |
| Benin | Africa | 0.5780 | 0.5656 | 0.5582 | 0.5643 | 0.5719 | 0.5832 | 0.6258 | 0.5885 | N/A | 0.625 | 0.636 | 0.652 | 0.654 | 0.658 | 0.653 | 0.612 |
| Bhutan | South Asia | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | 0.6651 | 0.6364 | 0.646 | 0.642 | 0.638 | 0.638 | 0.635 | 0.639 | 0.637 |
| Bolivia | South America | 0.6335 | 0.6574 | 0.6667 | 0.6693 | 0.6751 | 0.6862 | 0.7222 | 0.7340 | 0.7049 | 0.749 | 0.746 | 0.758 | 0.748 | 0.734 | 0.722 | 0.734 |
| Bosnia and Herzegovina | Europe | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | 0.713 | 0.710 |
| Botswana | Africa | 0.6897 | 0.6797 | 0.6839 | 0.7071 | 0.6876 | 0.6832 | 0.6744 | 0.6752 | 0.7129 | 0.710 | 0.715 | 0.720 | 0.715 | 0.709 | 0.716 | 0.719 |
| Brazil | South America | 0.6543 | 0.6637 | 0.6737 | 0.6695 | 0.6655 | 0.6679 | 0.6909 | 0.6949 | 0.6941 | 0.686 | 0.687 | 0.684 | 0.681 | 0.691 | 0.695 | 0.696 |
| Brunei Darussalam | Southeast Asia | N/A | N/A | 0.6392 | 0.6524 | 0.6748 | 0.6787 | 0.6750 | 0.6730 | 0.6719 | 0.684 | 0.669 | 0.671 | 0.686 | 0.686 | 0.678 | 0.680 |
| Bulgaria | Europe | 0.6870 | 0.7085 | 0.7077 | 0.7072 | 0.6983 | 0.6987 | 0.7021 | 0.7097 | 0.7444 | 0.722 | 0.726 | 0.756 | 0.756 | 0.727 | 0.746 | 0.740 |
| Burkina Faso | Africa | 0.5854 | 0.5912 | 0.6029 | 0.6081 | 0.6162 | 0.6153 | 0.6455 | 0.6513 | 0.6500 | 0.651 | 0.64 | 0.646 | 0.629 | 0.635 | 0.651 | 0.659 |
| Burundi | Africa | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | 0.7270 | 0.7338 | 0.7397 | 0.7565 | 0.748 | 0.768 | 0.755 | 0.741 | 0.745 | 0.769 | 0.777 |
| Cambodia | Southeast Asia | 0.6291 | 0.6353 | 0.6469 | 0.6410 | 0.6482 | 0.6464 | 0.6457 | 0.6509 | 0.6520 | 0.662 | 0.658 | 0.676 | 0.683 | 0.694 | 0.685 | 0.690 |
| Cameroon | Africa | 0.5865 | 0.5919 | 0.6017 | 0.6108 | 0.6110 | 0.6073 | 0.6291 | 0.6560 | N/A | 0.682 | 0.684 | 0.689 | 0.714 | 0.686 | 0.692 | 0.692 |
| Canada | North America | 0.7165 | 0.7198 | 0.7136 | 0.7196 | 0.7372 | 0.7407 | 0.7381 | 0.7425 | 0.7464 | 0.740 | 0.731 | 0.769 | 0.771 | 0.772 | 0.772 | 0.772 |
| Cape Verde | Africa | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | 0.7180 | 0.7122 | 0.7133 | 0.717 | 0.729 | 0.686 | 0.702 | 0.725 | 0.716 | 0.736 |
| Chad | Africa | 0.5247 | 0.5381 | 0.5290 | 0.5417 | 0.5330 | 0.5334 | 0.5594 | 0.5588 | 0.5764 | 0.580 | 0.587 | 0.575 | 0.580 | 0.596 | 0.593 | 0.579 |
| Chile | South America | 0.6455 | 0.6482 | 0.6818 | 0.6884 | 0.7013 | 0.7030 | 0.6676 | 0.6670 | 0.6975 | 0.698 | 0.699 | 0.704 | 0.717 | 0.723 | 0.716 | 0.736 |
| China | East Asia | 0.6561 | 0.6643 | 0.6878 | 0.6907 | 0.6881 | 0.6866 | 0.6853 | 0.6908 | 0.6830 | 0.682 | 0.676 | 0.674 | 0.673 | 0.676 | 0.682 | 0.682 |
| Colombia | South America | 0.7049 | 0.7090 | 0.6944 | 0.6939 | 0.6927 | 0.6714 | 0.6901 | 0.7171 | 0.7122 | 0.725 | 0.727 | 0.731 | 0.729 | 0.758 | 0.725 | 0.710 |
| Comoros | Africa | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | 0.631 |
| Costa Rica | Central America | 0.6936 | 0.7014 | 0.7111 | 0.7180 | 0.7194 | 0.7266 | 0.7225 | 0.7241 | 0.7165 | 0.732 | 0.736 | 0.727 | 0.749 | 0.782 | 0.786 | 0.796 |
| Côte d'Ivoire | Africa | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | 0.5691 | 0.5773 | 0.5785 | 0.5814 | 0.5874 | 0.606 | 0.597 | 0.611 | 0.627 | 0.606 | 0.637 | 0.632 |
| Croatia | Europe | 0.7145 | 0.7210 | 0.6967 | 0.6944 | 0.6939 | 0.7006 | 0.7053 | 0.7069 | 0.7075 | 0.708 | 0.7 | 0.711 | 0.712 | 0.720 | 0.733 | N/A |
| Cuba | Central America | N/A | 0.7169 | 0.7195 | 0.7176 | 0.7253 | 0.7394 | 0.7417 | 0.7540 | 0.7317 | 0.740 | 0.74 | 0.745 | 0.749 | 0.746 | 0.746 | N/A |
| Cyprus | West Asia | 0.6430 | 0.6522 | 0.6694 | 0.6706 | 0.6642 | 0.6567 | 0.6732 | 0.6801 | 0.6741 | 0.671 | 0.684 | 0.684 | 0.684 | 0.692 | 0.707 | 0.696 |
| Czech Republic | Europe | 0.6712 | 0.6718 | 0.6770 | 0.6789 | 0.6850 | 0.6789 | 0.6767 | 0.6770 | 0.6737 | 0.687 | 0.69 | 0.688 | 0.693 | 0.706 | 0.711 | 0.710 |
| Democratic Republic of the Congo | Africa | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | 0.576 | 0.575 |
| Denmark | Europe | 0.7462 | 0.7519 | 0.7538 | 0.7628 | 0.7719 | 0.7778 | 0.7777 | 0.7779 | 0.8025 | 0.767 | 0.754 | 0.776 | 0.778 | 0.782 | 0.768 | 0.764 |
| Dominican Republic | Central America | 0.6639 | 0.6705 | 0.6744 | 0.6859 | 0.6774 | 0.6682 | 0.6659 | 0.6867 | 0.6906 | 0.686 | 0.676 | 0.697 | 0.701 | 0.700 | 0.699 | 0.703 |
| Ecuador | South America | 0.6433 | 0.6881 | 0.7091 | 0.7220 | 0.7072 | 0.7035 | 0.7206 | 0.7389 | 0.7455 | 0.738 | 0.726 | 0.724 | 0.729 | 0.729 | 0.739 | 0.743 |
| Egypt | Africa | 0.5786 | 0.5809 | 0.5832 | 0.5862 | 0.5899 | 0.5933 | 0.5975 | 0.5935 | 0.6064 | 0.599 | 0.614 | 0.608 | 0.614 | 0.629 | 0.639 | 0.635 |
| El Salvador | Central America | 0.6837 | 0.6853 | 0.6875 | 0.6939 | 0.6596 | 0.6567 | 0.6630 | 0.6609 | 0.6863 | 0.706 | 0.702 | 0.705 | 0.690 | 0.706 | 0.738 | 0.727 |
| Estonia | Europe | 0.6944 | 0.7008 | 0.7076 | 0.7094 | 0.7018 | 0.6983 | 0.6977 | 0.6997 | 0.7017 | 0.749 | 0.747 | 0.731 | 0.734 | 0.751 | 0.733 | 0.733 |
| Eswatini | Africa | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | 0.670 | 0.665 | 0.670 | N/A | N/A | 0.729 | 0.728 |
| Ethiopia | Africa | 0.5946 | 0.5991 | 0.5867 | 0.5948 | 0.6019 | 0.6136 | 0.6200 | 0.6198 | 0.6144 | 0.640 | 0.662 | 0.656 | 0.656 | 0.705 | 0.691 | 0.710 |
| Fiji | Oceania | N/A | N/A | N/A | 0.6414 | 0.6256 | 0.6255 | 0.6285 | 0.6286 | 0.6286 | 0.645 | N/A | N/A | 0.669 | 0.678 | 0.674 | 0.676 |
| Finland | Europe | 0.7958 | 0.8044 | 0.8195 | 0.8252 | 0.8260 | 0.8383 | 0.8451 | 0.8421 | 0.8453 | 0.850 | 0.845 | 0.823 | 0.821 | 0.832 | 0.861 | 0.860 |
| France | Europe | 0.6520 | 0.6824 | 0.7341 | 0.7331 | 0.7025 | 0.7018 | 0.6984 | 0.7089 | 0.7588 | 0.761 | 0.755 | 0.778 | 0.779 | 0.781 | 0.784 | 0.791 |
| Gambia, The | Africa | 0.6448 | 0.6421 | 0.6622 | 0.6752 | 0.6762 | 0.6763 | 0.6630 | N/A | N/A | 0.674 | 0.667 | 0.649 | 0.642 | 0.628 | 0.644 | 0.641 |
| Georgia | West Asia | 0.6700 | 0.6665 | 0.6654 | 0.6680 | 0.6598 | 0.6624 | 0.6691 | 0.6750 | 0.6855 | 0.687 | 0.681 | 0.679 | 0.677 | 0.708 | 0.732 | 0.731 |
| Germany | Europe | 0.7524 | 0.7618 | 0.7394 | 0.7449 | 0.7530 | 0.7590 | 0.7629 | 0.7583 | 0.7780 | 0.779 | 0.766 | 0.778 | 0.776 | 0.787 | 0.796 | 0.801 |
| Ghana | Africa | 0.6653 | 0.6725 | 0.6679 | 0.6704 | 0.6782 | 0.6811 | 0.6778 | 0.6811 | 0.6661 | 0.704 | 0.705 | 0.695 | 0.688 | 0.673 | 0.666 | 0.672 |
| Greece | Europe | 0.6540 | 0.6648 | 0.6727 | 0.6662 | 0.6908 | 0.6916 | 0.6716 | 0.6782 | 0.6784 | 0.685 | 0.68 | 0.692 | 0.696 | 0.701 | 0.689 | 0.689 |
| Guatemala | Central America | 0.6067 | 0.6144 | 0.6072 | 0.6209 | 0.6238 | 0.6229 | 0.6260 | 0.6304 | 0.6821 | 0.667 | 0.666 | 0.667 | 0.668 | 0.666 | 0.655 | 0.664 |
| Guinea | Africa | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | 0.618 | 0.64 | 0.659 | 0.656 | 0.642 | 0.660 | 0.647 |
| Guyana | South America | N/A | N/A | N/A | 0.7108 | 0.7090 | 0.7084 | 0.7119 | 0.7085 | 0.7010 | 0.702 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | 0.728 | 0.752 |
| Honduras | Central America | 0.6483 | 0.6661 | 0.6960 | 0.6893 | 0.6927 | 0.6945 | 0.6763 | 0.6773 | 0.6935 | 0.688 | 0.69 | 0.711 | 0.706 | 0.722 | 0.716 | 0.705 |
| Hungary | Europe | 0.6698 | 0.6731 | 0.6867 | 0.6879 | 0.6720 | 0.6642 | 0.6718 | 0.6742 | 0.6759 | 0.672 | 0.669 | 0.670 | 0.674 | 0.677 | 0.688 | 0.699 |
| Iceland | Europe | 0.7813 | 0.7836 | 0.7999 | 0.8276 | 0.8496 | 0.8530 | 0.8640 | 0.8731 | 0.8594 | 0.881 | 0.874 | 0.878 | 0.858 | 0.877 | 0.892 | 0.908 |
| India | South Asia | 0.6011 | 0.5936 | 0.6060 | 0.6151 | 0.6155 | 0.6190 | 0.6442 | 0.6551 | 0.6455 | 0.664 | 0.683 | 0.669 | 0.665 | 0.668 | 0.625 | 0.629 |
| Indonesia | Southeast Asia | 0.6541 | 0.6550 | 0.6473 | 0.6580 | 0.6615 | 0.6594 | 0.6591 | 0.6613 | 0.6725 | 0.681 | 0.682 | 0.691 | 0.691 | 0.700 | 0.688 | 0.697 |
| Iran | West Asia | 0.5803 | 0.5903 | 0.6021 | 0.5839 | 0.5933 | 0.5894 | 0.5927 | 0.5842 | 0.5811 | 0.580 | 0.587 | 0.583 | 0.589 | 0.584 | 0.582 | 0.576 |
| Iraq | West Asia | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | 0.535 | N/A |
| Ireland | Europe | 0.7335 | 0.7457 | 0.7518 | 0.7597 | 0.7773 | 0.7830 | 0.7839 | 0.7823 | 0.7850 | 0.807 | 0.797 | 0.794 | 0.796 | 0.798 | 0.800 | 0.804 |
| Israel | West Asia | 0.6889 | 0.6965 | 0.6900 | 0.7019 | 0.6957 | 0.6926 | 0.6989 | 0.7032 | 0.7005 | 0.712 | 0.719 | 0.721 | 0.722 | 0.718 | 0.724 | 0.727 |
| Italy | Europe | 0.6456 | 0.6498 | 0.6788 | 0.6798 | 0.6765 | 0.6796 | 0.6729 | 0.6885 | 0.6973 | 0.726 | 0.719 | 0.692 | 0.706 | 0.707 | 0.721 | 0.720 |
| Jamaica | Central America | 0.7014 | 0.6925 | 0.6980 | 0.7013 | 0.7037 | 0.7028 | 0.7035 | 0.7085 | 0.7128 | 0.703 | 0.724 | 0.717 | 0.724 | 0.735 | 0.741 | 0.749 |
| Japan | East Asia | 0.6447 | 0.6455 | 0.6434 | 0.6447 | 0.6524 | 0.6514 | 0.6530 | 0.6498 | 0.6584 | 0.670 | 0.66 | 0.657 | 0.662 | 0.652 | 0.656 | 0.650 |
| Jordan | West Asia | 0.6109 | 0.6203 | 0.6275 | 0.6182 | 0.6048 | 0.6117 | 0.6103 | 0.6093 | 0.5968 | 0.593 | 0.603 | 0.604 | 0.605 | 0.623 | 0.683 | 0.639 |
| Kazakhstan | Central Asia | 0.6928 | 0.6983 | 0.6976 | 0.7013 | 0.7055 | 0.7010 | 0.7213 | 0.7218 | 0.7210 | 0.719 | 0.718 | 0.713 | 0.712 | 0.710 | 0.710 | 0.719 |
| Kenya | Africa | 0.6486 | 0.6508 | 0.6547 | 0.6512 | 0.6499 | 0.6493 | 0.6768 | 0.6803 | 0.7258 | 0.719 | 0.702 | 0.694 | 0.700 | 0.671 | 0.692 | 0.729 |
| Korea, Rep. | East Asia | 0.6157 | 0.6409 | 0.6154 | 0.6146 | 0.6342 | 0.6281 | 0.6356 | 0.6351 | 0.6403 | 0.651 | 0.649 | 0.650 | 0.657 | 0.672 | 0.687 | 0.689 |
| Kuwait | West Asia | 0.6341 | 0.6409 | 0.6358 | 0.6356 | 0.6318 | 0.6322 | 0.6320 | 0.6292 | 0.6457 | 0.646 | 0.624 | 0.679 | 0.630 | 0.650 | 0.621 | 0.632 |
| Kyrgyz Republic | Central Asia | 0.6742 | 0.6653 | 0.7045 | 0.7058 | 0.6973 | 0.7036 | 0.7013 | 0.6948 | 0.6974 | 0.693 | 0.687 | 0.691 | 0.691 | 0.689 | 0.681 | 0.700 |
| Laos | Southeast Asia | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | 0.6993 | 0.7044 | 0.713 | N/A | 0.703 | 0.748 | 0.731 | 0.750 | 0.733 |
| Latvia | Europe | 0.7091 | 0.7333 | 0.7397 | 0.7416 | 0.7429 | 0.7399 | 0.7572 | 0.7610 | 0.7691 | 0.752 | 0.755 | 0.756 | 0.758 | 0.785 | 0.778 | 0.771 |
| Lebanon | West Asia | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | 0.6084 | 0.6083 | 0.6030 | 0.6028 | 0.5923 | 0.598 | 0.598 | 0.596 | 0.595 | 0.599 | 0.638 | 0.644 |
| Lesotho | Africa | 0.6807 | 0.7078 | 0.7320 | 0.7495 | 0.7678 | 0.7666 | 0.7608 | 0.7530 | 0.7255 | 0.706 | 0.706 | 0.695 | 0.693 | 0.695 | 0.698 | 0.700 |
| Liberia | Africa | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | 0.652 | 0.652 | 0.669 | 0.681 | 0.685 | 0.693 | 0.709 |
| Lithuania | Europe | 0.7077 | 0.7234 | 0.7222 | 0.7175 | 0.7132 | 0.7131 | 0.7191 | 0.7308 | 0.7208 | 0.740 | 0.744 | 0.742 | 0.749 | 0.745 | 0.804 | 0.799 |
| Luxembourg | Europe | 0.6671 | 0.6786 | 0.6802 | 0.6889 | 0.7231 | 0.7216 | 0.7439 | 0.7410 | 0.7333 | 0.738 | 0.734 | 0.706 | 0.712 | 0.725 | 0.726 | 0.736 |
| North Macedonia | Europe | 0.6983 | 0.6967 | 0.6914 | 0.6950 | 0.6996 | 0.6966 | 0.6968 | 0.7013 | 0.6943 | 0.701 | 0.696 | 0.702 | 0.707 | 0.711 | 0.715 | 0.716 |
| Madagascar | Africa | 0.6385 | 0.6461 | 0.6736 | 0.6732 | 0.6713 | 0.6797 | 0.6982 | 0.7016 | 0.7214 | 0.698 | 0.704 | 0.692 | 0.691 | 0.719 | 0.725 | 0.735 |
| Malawi | Africa | 0.6437 | 0.6480 | 0.6664 | 0.6738 | 0.6824 | 0.6850 | 0.7166 | 0.7139 | 0.7281 | 0.701 | 0.7 | 0.672 | 0.662 | 0.664 | 0.671 | 0.632 |
| Malaysia | Southeast Asia | 0.6509 | 0.6444 | 0.6442 | 0.6467 | 0.6479 | 0.6525 | 0.6539 | 0.6518 | 0.6520 | 0.655 | 0.666 | 0.670 | 0.676 | 0.677 | 0.676 | 0.681 |
| Maldives | South Asia | N/A | 0.6350 | 0.6501 | 0.6482 | 0.6452 | 0.6480 | 0.6616 | 0.6604 | 0.6557 | 0.652 | .65 | 0.669 | 0.662 | 0.646 | 0.642 | 0.648 |
| Mali | Africa | 0.5996 | 0.6019 | 0.6117 | 0.5860 | 0.5680 | 0.5752 | 0.5842 | 0.5872 | 0.5779 | 0.599 | 0.591 | 0.583 | 0.582 | 0.621 | 0.591 | 0.601 |
| Malta | Europe | 0.6518 | 0.6615 | 0.6634 | 0.6635 | 0.6695 | 0.6658 | 0.6666 | 0.6761 | 0.6707 | 0.668 | 0.664 | 0.682 | 0.686 | 0.693 | 0.703 | 0.703 |
| Mauritania | Africa | 0.5835 | 0.6022 | 0.6117 | 0.6103 | 0.6152 | 0.6164 | 0.6129 | 0.5810 | 0.6029 | 0.613 | 0.624 | 0.614 | 0.607 | 0.614 | 0.606 | N/A |
| Mauritius | Africa | 0.6328 | 0.6487 | 0.6466 | 0.6513 | 0.6520 | 0.6529 | 0.6547 | 0.6599 | 0.6541 | 0.646 | 0.652 | 0.664 | 0.663 | 0.665 | 0.679 | 0.679 |
| Mexico | North America | 0.6462 | 0.6441 | 0.6441 | 0.6503 | 0.6577 | 0.6604 | 0.6712 | 0.6917 | 0.6900 | 0.699 | 0.7 | 0.692 | 0.721 | 0.754 | 0.757 | 0.764 |
| Moldova | Europe | 0.7128 | 0.7172 | 0.7244 | 0.7104 | 0.7160 | 0.7083 | 0.7101 | 0.7037 | 0.7405 | 0.742 | 0.741 | 0.740 | 0.733 | 0.757 | 0.768 | 0.788 |
| Mongolia | East Asia | 0.6821 | 0.6731 | 0.7049 | 0.7221 | 0.7194 | 0.7140 | 0.7111 | 0.7204 | 0.7212 | 0.709 | 0.705 | 0.713 | 0.714 | 0.706 | 0.716 | 0.715 |
| Montenegro | Europe | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | 0.689 | 0.681 | 0.693 | 0.706 | 0.710 | 0.732 | 0.732 |
| Morocco | Africa | 0.5827 | 0.5676 | 0.5757 | 0.5926 | 0.5767 | 0.5804 | 0.5833 | 0.5845 | 0.5988 | 0.593 | 0.597 | 0.598 | 0.607 | 0.605 | 0.612 | 0.624 |
| Mozambique | Africa | N/A | 0.6883 | 0.7266 | 0.7195 | 0.7329 | 0.7251 | 0.7350 | 0.7349 | 0.7370 | 0.741 | 0.75 | 0.741 | 0.721 | 0.723 | 0.758 | 0.752 |
| Myanmar | Southeast Asia | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | 0.691 | 0.690 | 0.665 | 0.681 | 0.677 |
| Namibia | Africa | 0.6864 | 0.7012 | 0.7141 | 0.7167 | 0.7238 | 0.7177 | 0.7121 | 0.7094 | 0.7219 | 0.760 | 0.765 | 0.777 | 0.789 | 0.784 | 0.809 | 0.807 |
| Nepal | South Asia | 0.5478 | 0.5575 | 0.5942 | 0.6213 | 0.6084 | 0.5888 | 0.6026 | 0.6053 | 0.6458 | 0.658 | 0.661 | 0.664 | 0.671 | 0.680 | 0.683 | 0.692 |
| Netherlands | Europe | 0.7250 | 0.7383 | 0.7399 | 0.7490 | 0.7444 | 0.7470 | 0.7659 | 0.7608 | 0.7730 | 0.776 | 0.756 | 0.737 | 0.747 | 0.736 | 0.762 | 0.767 |
| New Zealand | Oceania | 0.7509 | 0.7649 | 0.7859 | 0.7880 | 0.7808 | 0.7810 | 0.7805 | 0.7799 | 0.7772 | 0.782 | 0.781 | 0.791 | 0.801 | 0.799 | 0.840 | 0.841 |
| Nicaragua | Central America | 0.6566 | 0.6458 | 0.6747 | 0.7002 | 0.7176 | 0.7245 | 0.7697 | 0.7715 | 0.7894 | 0.776 | 0.78 | 0.814 | 0.809 | 0.804 | 0.796 | 0.810 |
| Niger | Africa | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | 0.629 | 0.635 |
| Nigeria | Africa | 0.6104 | 0.6122 | 0.6339 | 0.6280 | 0.6055 | 0.6011 | 0.6315 | 0.6469 | 0.6391 | 0.638 | 0.643 | 0.641 | 0.621 | 0.635 | 0.627 | 0.639 |
| Norway | Europe | 0.7994 | 0.8059 | 0.8239 | 0.8227 | 0.8404 | 0.8404 | 0.8403 | 0.8417 | 0.8374 | 0.850 | 0.842 | 0.830 | 0.835 | 0.842 | 0.849 | 0.845 |
| Oman | West Asia | N/A | 0.5903 | 0.5960 | 0.5938 | 0.5950 | 0.5873 | 0.5986 | 0.6053 | 0.6091 | 0.604 | 0.612 | N/A | 0.605 | 0.602 | 0.608 | 0.609 |
| Pakistan | South Asia | 0.5434 | 0.5509 | 0.5549 | 0.5458 | 0.5465 | 0.5583 | 0.5478 | 0.5459 | 0.5522 | 0.559 | 0.556 | 0.546 | 0.550 | 0.564 | 0.556 | 0.564 |
| Panama | Central America | 0.6935 | 0.6954 | 0.7095 | 0.7024 | 0.7072 | 0.7042 | 0.7122 | 0.7164 | 0.7195 | 0.772 | 0.721 | 0.722 | 0.722 | 0.730 | 0.737 | 0.743 |
| Papua New Guinea | Oceania | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | 0.635 | N/A |
| Paraguay | South America | 0.6556 | 0.6659 | 0.6379 | 0.6868 | 0.6804 | 0.6818 | 0.6714 | 0.6724 | 0.6890 | 0.666 | 0.676 | 0.678 | 0.672 | 0.683 | 0.702 | 0.707 |
| Peru | South America | 0.6619 | 0.6624 | 0.6959 | 0.7024 | 0.6895 | 0.6796 | 0.6742 | 0.6787 | 0.7198 | 0.683 | 0.687 | 0.719 | 0.720 | 0.714 | 0.721 | 0.749 |
| Philippines | Southeast Asia | 0.7516 | 0.7629 | 0.7568 | 0.7579 | 0.7654 | 0.7685 | 0.7757 | 0.7832 | 0.7814 | 0.790 | 0.786 | 0.790 | 0.799 | 0.781 | 0.784 | 0.783 |
| Poland | Europe | 0.6802 | 0.6756 | 0.6951 | 0.6998 | 0.7037 | 0.7038 | 0.7015 | 0.7031 | 0.7051 | 0.715 | 0.727 | 0.728 | 0.728 | 0.736 | 0.713 | 0.709 |
| Portugal | Europe | 0.6922 | 0.6959 | 0.7051 | 0.7013 | 0.7171 | 0.7144 | 0.7071 | 0.7056 | 0.7243 | 0.731 | 0.737 | 0.734 | 0.732 | 0.744 | 0.775 | 0.766 |
| Qatar | West Asia | N/A | 0.6041 | 0.5948 | 0.5907 | 0.6059 | 0.6230 | 0.6264 | 0.6299 | 0.6403 | 0.645 | 0.643 | 0.626 | 0.629 | 0.629 | 0.624 | 0.617 |
| Romania | Europe | 0.6797 | 0.6859 | 0.6763 | 0.6805 | 0.6826 | 0.6812 | 0.6859 | 0.6908 | 0.6936 | 0.693 | 0.69 | 0.708 | 0.711 | 0.724 | 0.700 | 0.698 |
| Russia | Europe | 0.6770 | 0.6866 | 0.6994 | 0.6987 | 0.7036 | 0.7037 | 0.6980 | 0.6983 | 0.6927 | 0.694 | 0.691 | 0.696 | 0.701 | 0.706 | 0.708 | N/A |
| Rwanda | Africa | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | 0.794 | 0.8 | 0.822 | 0.804 | 0.791 | 0.805 | 0.811 |
| Saudi Arabia | West Asia | 0.5242 | 0.5647 | 0.5537 | 0.5651 | 0.5713 | 0.5753 | 0.5731 | 0.5879 | 0.6059 | 0.605 | 0.583 | 0.584 | 0.590 | 0.599 | 0.603 | 0.636 |
| Senegal | Africa | N/A | N/A | N/A | 0.6427 | 0.6414 | 0.6573 | 0.6657 | 0.6923 | 0.6912 | 0.698 | 0.685 | 0.684 | 0.682 | 0.684 | 0.684 | 0.668 |
| Serbia | Europe | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | 0.7037 | 0.7116 | 0.7086 | 0.720 | 0.72 | 0.727 | 0.730 | 0.736 | 0.780 | 0.779 |
| Sierra Leone | Africa | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | 0.655 | 0.672 |
| Singapore | Southeast Asia | 0.6550 | 0.6609 | 0.6625 | 0.6664 | 0.6914 | 0.6914 | 0.6989 | 0.7000 | 0.7046 | 0.711 | 0.712 | 0.702 | 0.707 | 0.724 | 0.727 | 0.734 |
| Slovakia | Europe | 0.6757 | 0.6797 | 0.6824 | 0.6845 | 0.6778 | 0.6797 | 0.6824 | 0.6857 | 0.6806 | 0.675 | 0.679 | 0.694 | 0.693 | 0.718 | 0.712 | 0.717 |
| Slovenia | Europe | 0.6745 | 0.6842 | 0.6937 | 0.6982 | 0.7047 | 0.7041 | 0.7132 | 0.7155 | 0.7443 | 0.784 | 0.786 | 0.805 | 0.784 | 0.743 | 0.741 | 0.744 |
| South Africa | Africa | 0.7125 | 0.7194 | 0.7232 | 0.7709 | 0.7535 | 0.7478 | 0.7496 | 0.7510 | 0.7527 | 0.759 | 0.764 | 0.756 | 0.755 | 0.780 | 0.781 | 0.782 |
| Spain | Europe | 0.7319 | 0.7444 | 0.7281 | 0.7345 | 0.7554 | 0.7580 | 0.7266 | 0.7266 | 0.7325 | 0.742 | 0.738 | 0.746 | 0.746 | 0.795 | 0.788 | 0.788 |
| Sri Lanka | South Asia | 0.7199 | 0.7230 | 0.7371 | 0.7402 | 0.7458 | 0.7212 | 0.7122 | 0.7019 | 0.6903 | 0.686 | 0.673 | 0.669 | 0.676 | 0.680 | 0.670 | 0.670 |
| Suriname | South America | N/A | 0.6794 | 0.6674 | 0.6726 | 0.6407 | 0.6395 | 0.6409 | 0.6369 | 0.6504 | 0.670 | 0.679 | 0.689 | 0.695 | 0.707 | 0.729 | 0.737 |
| Sweden | Europe | 0.8133 | 0.8146 | 0.8139 | 0.8139 | 0.8024 | 0.8044 | 0.8159 | 0.8129 | 0.8165 | 0.823 | 0.815 | 0.816 | 0.822 | 0.820 | 0.823 | 0.822 |
| Switzerland | Europe | 0.6997 | 0.6924 | 0.7360 | 0.7426 | 0.7562 | 0.7627 | 0.7672 | 0.7736 | 0.7798 | 0.785 | 0.776 | 0.755 | 0.755 | 0.779 | 0.798 | 0.795 |
| Syria | West Asia | N/A | 0.6216 | 0.6181 | 0.6072 | 0.5926 | 0.5896 | 0.5626 | 0.5661 | 0.5775 | 0.568 | 0.567 | 0.568 | 0.568 | 0.567 | 0.568 | N/A |
| Tajikistan | Central Asia | N/A | 0.6578 | 0.6541 | 0.6661 | 0.6598 | 0.6526 | 0.6608 | 0.6682 | 0.6654 | 0.675 | 0.679 | 0.678 | 0.638 | 0.626 | 0.650 | 0.663 |
| Tanzania | Africa | 0.7038 | 0.6969 | 0.7068 | 0.6797 | 0.6829 | 0.6904 | 0.7091 | 0.6928 | 0.7182 | 0.718 | 0.716 | 0.700 | 0.704 | 0.713 | 0.707 | 0.719 |
| Thailand | Southeast Asia | 0.6831 | 0.6815 | 0.6917 | 0.6907 | 0.6910 | 0.6892 | 0.6893 | 0.6928 | 0.7027 | 0.706 | 0.699 | 0.694 | 0.702 | 0.708 | 0.710 | 0.709 |
| Timor-Leste | Southeast Asia | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | 0.6855 | N/A | N/A | N/A | 0.637 | 0.628 | 0.638 | 0.662 | 0.720 | 0.730 |
| Togo | Africa | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | 0.683 | 0.697 |
| Trinidad and Tobago | Central America | 0.6797 | 0.6859 | 0.7245 | 0.7298 | 0.7353 | 0.7372 | 0.7116 | 0.7166 | 0.7154 | 0.720 | 0.723 | N/A | N/A | 0.756 | 0.749 | N/A |
| Tunisia | Africa | 0.6288 | 0.6283 | 0.6295 | 0.6233 | 0.6266 | 0.6255 | N/A | N/A | 0.6272 | 0.634 | 0.636 | 0.651 | 0.648 | 0.644 | 0.649 | 0.643 |
| Turkey | West Asia | 0.5850 | 0.5768 | 0.5853 | 0.5828 | 0.5876 | 0.5954 | 0.6015 | 0.6081 | 0.6183 | 0.624 | 0.623 | 0.625 | 0.628 | 0.635 | 0.638 | 0.639 |
| Uganda | Africa | 0.6797 | 0.6833 | 0.6981 | 0.7067 | 0.7169 | 0.7220 | 0.7228 | 0.7086 | 0.6821 | 0.708 | 0.704 | 0.721 | 0.724 | 0.717 | 0.717 | 0.724 |
| Ukraine | Europe | 0.6797 | 0.6790 | 0.6856 | 0.6896 | 0.6869 | 0.6861 | 0.6894 | 0.6935 | 0.7056 | 0.702 | 0.7 | 0.705 | 0.708 | 0.721 | 0.714 | 0.707 |
| United Arab Emirates | West Asia | 0.5919 | 0.6184 | 0.6220 | 0.6198 | 0.6397 | 0.6454 | 0.6392 | 0.6372 | 0.6436 | 0.646 | 0.639 | 0.649 | 0.642 | 0.655 | 0.716 | 0.716 |
| United Kingdom | Europe | 0.7365 | 0.7441 | 0.7366 | 0.7402 | 0.7460 | 0.7462 | 0.7433 | 0.7440 | 0.7383 | 0.758 | 0.752 | 0.770 | 0.744 | 0.767 | 0.775 | 0.780 |
| United States | North America | 0.7042 | 0.7002 | 0.7179 | 0.7173 | 0.7411 | 0.7412 | 0.7373 | 0.7392 | 0.7463 | 0.740 | 0.722 | 0.718 | 0.720 | 0.724 | 0.763 | 0.769 |
| Uruguay | South America | 0.6549 | 0.6608 | 0.6907 | 0.6936 | 0.6897 | 0.6907 | 0.6745 | 0.6803 | 0.6871 | 0.679 | 0.681 | 0.710 | 0.715 | 0.737 | 0.702 | 0.711 |
| Vanuatu | Oceania | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | 0.625 | 0.670 |
| Venezuela | South America | 0.6664 | 0.6797 | 0.6875 | 0.6839 | 0.6863 | 0.6861 | 0.7060 | 0.7060 | 0.6851 | 0.691 | 0.694 | 0.706 | 0.709 | 0.713 | 0.699 | N/A |
| Vietnam | Southeast Asia | N/A | 0.6889 | 0.6778 | 0.6802 | 0.6776 | 0.6732 | 0.6867 | 0.6863 | 0.6915 | 0.687 | 0.7 | 0.698 | 0.698 | 0.700 | 0.701 | 0.705 |
| Yemen | West Asia | 0.4595 | 0.4510 | 0.4664 | 0.4609 | 0.4603 | 0.4873 | 0.5054 | 0.5128 | 0.5145 | 0.484 | 0.516 | 0.516 | 0.499 | 0.494 | 0.492 | N/A |
| Zambia | Africa | 0.6360 | 0.6288 | 0.6205 | 0.6310 | 0.6293 | 0.6300 | 0.6279 | 0.6312 | 0.6364 | 0.650 | N/A | N/A | N/A | 0.731 | 0.726 | 0.723 |
| Zimbabwe | Africa | 0.6461 | 0.6464 | 0.6485 | 0.6518 | 0.6574 | 0.6607 | N/A | N/A | 0.7013 | 0.709 | 0.71 | 0.717 | 0.721 | 0.730 | 0.732 | 0.734 |

## Criticisms and controversies

The index is designed to "measure gender-based gaps in access to resources and opportunities in countries rather than the actual level of the available resources and opportunities in those countries."
In an academic publication from 2010, Beneria and Permanyer criticized the Global Gender Gap Index for only capturing inequality in certain aspects of women's lives therefore making it an incomplete measure of gender inequality.
In an academic publication from 2019, Stoet and Geary argued that the Global Gender Gap Index has limitations as a measure of gender equality, because of the way it caps scores and because it ignores specific issues on which men are known to fall behind (e.g., risks of working in hazardous jobs). According to the Global Gender Gap Report 2021, the index do not penalize a country where women outperform men in certain aspect and consider that parity is achieved in life expectancy only if women live five years longer than men.