OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Gallikos (river)

The Gallikos (Greek: Γαλλικός) is a river in Central Macedonia, Greece. It was known as the Echedoros (Εχέδωρος) in antiquity and the Gomaropnichtis (Γομαροπνίχτης) in the Middle Ages. The current name probably derives from the ancient Roman colony of Callicum (modern Kilkis) near the river.
It rises in the Krousia Mountain and flows into the Aegean Sea in the Thermaic Gulf, near Sindos. It is 70 km (43 mi) long. Its drainage basin is 1,055 km$^2$ (407 sq mi).
# Clive Nobrega

Clive Ossafa Nobrega (born 31 August 1989) is a Guyanese professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Guyanese club Eagles United FC and the Guyana national team.

## Honours

Alpha United
* GFF National Super League: 2013–14
Slingerz
* GFF Elite League: 2015–16
# Pearson

Pearson may refer to:

## Organizations
### Education

* Lester B. Pearson College, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
* Pearson College (UK), London, owned by Pearson PLC
* Lester B. Pearson High School (disambiguation)

### Companies

* Pearson PLC, a UK-based international media conglomerate, best known as a book publisher
** Pearson Education, the textbook division of Pearson PLC
*** Pearson-Longman, an imprint of Pearson Education
* Pearson Yachts

## Places

* Pearson, Georgia, a US city
* Pearson, Texas, an unincorporated community in the US
* Pearson, Victoria, a ghost town in Australia
* Pearson, Wisconsin, an unincorporated community in the US
* Toronto Pearson International Airport, in Toronto, Ontario, Canada
* Pearson Field, in Vancouver, Washington, US
* Pearson Island, an island in South Australia which is part of the Pearson Isles
* Pearson Isles, an island group in South Australia

## Other uses

* Pearson (surname)
* Pearson correlation coefficient, a statistical measure known as Pearson's r
* Pearson (motorcycle), a British motorcycle with an Ateliers de Construction Mecanique l'Aster engine
* Pearson (TV series), an American television series that is a spin-off of Suits
# Beau Dermott

Beau Dermott (born 28 October 2003) is a British musical theatre singer. She rose to fame in 2016 during the tenth series of Britain's Got Talent.

## Career

Beau Dermott auditioned for the tenth series of Britain's Got Talent, singing "Defying Gravity" from the musical Wicked. She was judge Amanda Holden's Golden Buzzer act, securing herself a place in the live rounds of the competition. Her cousin, dancer Jack Higgins, also took part in this series.
She signed with Decca Records and her first album, Brave, was released on 1 September 2017.
Beau participated in the 2019 young voices at London's O$_2$ arena.

## Personal life

Beau Dermott lives in Widnes, Cheshire. She attended The Hammond School in Chester. Beau's father died in February 2018.

## Discography

| Title | Album details | Peak chart positions | Peak chart positions | Peak chart positions |
| Title | Album details | UK | SCO |
| Brave | Released: 1 September 2017 Label: Decca Formats: CD, digital download | 73 | 51 |
# Bread and butter pudding

Bread and butter pudding is a traditional bread pudding in British cuisine. Slices of buttered bread scattered with raisins are layered in an oven dish, covered with an egg custard mixture seasoned with nutmeg, vanilla, cinnamon or other spices, then baked.

## Variations

In addition to being baked with custard, the pudding may be served with additional custard or cream. Sometimes raspberry, strawberry, blackberry or mixed fruit jam, marmalade, or other sweet preserves will be spread upon the bread, along with the butter. Other modern variations include scattering fresh grapes between the layers of bread, melting apples into the egg-milk mixture, and using unusual types of breads, such as brioche, to make it. Lemon or orange peel will add a characteristic flavour. It is traditional to use stale bread.

## History

The earliest bread and butter puddings were called whitepot and used either bone marrow or butter. Whitepots could also be made using rice instead of bread, giving rise to the rice pudding in British cuisine.
One of the earliest published recipes for a bread and butter pudding so named is found in Eliza Smith's The Compleat Housewife of 1728. She instructs "Take a two penny loaf, and a pound of fresh butter; spread it in very thin slices, as to eat; cut them off as you spread them, and stone half a pound of raisins, and wash a pound of currants; then put puff-paste at the bottom of a dish, and lay a row of your bread and butter, and strew a handful of currants, a few raisins, and some little bits of butter, and so do till your dish is full; then boil three pints of cream and thicken it when cold with the yolks of ten eggs, a grated nutmeg, a little salt, near half a pound of sugar, and some orange flower-water; pour this in just as the pudding is going into the oven".
Some recipes call for a simple meringue to be made from the leftover egg whites and sugar which is spread over a layer of jam or preserves on the top of the pudding after it has come from the oven. The meringue is cooked until it is slightly browned on top. This dessert changes name to "The Queen's Pudding".
In 1845, Eliza Acton suggests giving "a good flavour of lemon-rind and bitter almonds, or of cinnamon, if preferred, to a pint of new milk", then adding cream and sugar, thickened with beaten eggs. Her recipe also calls for a glass of brandy to be added to the mixture.
In American cuisine it may be called "Cold Bread Pudding".
A popular dish in Egypt, Om Ali, is made with either bread or pastry, and includes pistachio nuts but no eggs.
# List of members of the Swiss Council of States (2011–2015)

This is a list of members of the Swiss Council of States of the 49th legislature (2011-2015). Most members were elected in the 2011 election.

## Current members

| C. | Councillor | Party | Notes |
| AG | Christine Egerszegi | FDP.The Liberals | |
| AG | Pascale Bruderer | Social Democratic Party | |
| AI | Ivo Bischofberger | Christian Democratic People's Party | |
| AR | Hans Altherr | FDP.The Liberals | |
| BE | Hans Stöckli | Social Democratic Party | |
| BE | Werner Luginbühl | Conservative Democratic Party | |
| BL | Claude Janiak | Social Democratic Party | |
| BS | Anita Fetz | Social Democratic Party | |
| FR | Urs Schwaller | Christian Democratic People's Party | |
| FR | Christian Levrat | Social Democratic Party | Replaced Alain Berset on 29 May 2012. |
| GE | Liliane Maury Pasquier | Social Democratic Party | |
| GE | Robert Cramer | Green Party | |
| GL | Werner Hösli | Swiss People's Party | Replaced This Jenny on 16 June 2014. |
| GL | Thomas Hefti | FDP.The Liberals | Replaced Pankraz Freitag on 3 March 2014. |
| GR | Martin Schmid | FDP.The Liberals | |
| GR | Stefan Engler | Christian Democratic People's Party | |
| JU | Claude Hêche | Social Democratic Party | |
| JU | Anne Seydoux-Christe | Christian Democratic People's Party | |
| LU | Georges Theiler | FDP.The Liberals | |
| LU | Konrad Graber | Christian Democratic People's Party | |
| NE | Raphaël Comte | FDP.The Liberals | |
| NE | Didier Berberat | Social Democratic Party | |
| NW | Paul Niederberger | Christian Democratic People's Party | |
| OW | Hans Hess | FDP.The Liberals | |
| SG | Paul Rechsteiner | Social Democratic Party | |
| SG | Karin Keller-Sutter | FDP.The Liberals | |
| SH | Thomas Minder | Independent (sits with the Swiss People's Party) | |
| SH | Hannes Germann | Swiss People's Party | |
| SO | Pirmin Bischof | Christian Democratic People's Party | |
| SO | Roberto Zanetti | Social Democratic Party | |
| SZ | Peter Föhn | Swiss People's Party | |
| SZ | Alex Kuprecht | Swiss People's Party | |
| TG | Brigitte Häberli-Koller | Christian Democratic People's Party | |
| TG | Roland Eberle | Swiss People's Party | |
| TI | Filippo Lombardi | Christian Democratic People's Party | |
| TI | Fabio Abate | FDP.The Liberals | |
| UR | Isidor Baumann | Christian Democratic People's Party | |
| UR | Markus Stadler | Green Liberal Party | |
| VD | Luc Recordon | Green Party | |
| VD | Géraldine Savary | Social Democratic Party | |
| VS | René Imoberdorf | Christian Democratic People's Party | |
| VS | Jean-René Fournier | Christian Democratic People's Party | |
| ZG | Peter Bieri | Christian Democratic People's Party | |
| ZG | Joachim Eder | FDP.The Liberals | |
| ZH | Felix Gutzwiller | FDP.The Liberals | |
| ZH | Verena Diener | Green Liberal Party | |
# 1968 French Open

The 1968 French Open was a tennis tournament that took place on the outdoor clay courts at the Stade Roland Garros in Paris, France. The tournament was held from Monday 27 May until Sunday 9 June 1968. It was the 72nd edition of the French Open, the 38th to be open to foreign competitors, and the second major of the year.
This was the first Grand Slam that allowed professional players to compete and the first Grand Slam tournament in the Open Era. Ken Rosewall and Nancy Richey won the single titles.
The 72nd staging of the tournament went ahead, despite the French General Strike of 1968 which began on 2 May of that year.

## Finals
### Seniors
#### Men's singles

Ken Rosewall defeated Rod Laver, 6–3, 6–1, 2–6, 6–2
* It was Rosewall's 5th career Grand Slam title and his 2nd French Open title.

#### Women's singles

Nancy Richey defeated Ann Haydon-Jones, 5–7, 6–4, 6–1
* It was Richey's 2nd and last career Grand Slam title and her only French Open title.

#### Men's doubles

Ken Rosewall / Fred Stolle defeated Roy Emerson / Rod Laver, 6–3, 6–4, 6–3
* It was Rosewall's 12th career Grand Slam title and his 4th and last French Open title. It was Stolle's 14th career Grand Slam title and his 3rd and last French Open title.

#### Women's doubles

Françoise Dürr / Ann Haydon-Jones defeated Rosemary Casals / Billie Jean King, 7–5, 4–6, 6–4
* It was Dürr's 3rd career Grand Slam title and her 3rd French Open title. It was Haydon-Jones' 4th career Grand Slam title and her 4th French Open title.

#### Mixed doubles

Françoise Dürr / Jean-Claude Barclay defeated Billie Jean King / Owen Davidson, 6–1, 6–4
* It was Durr's 4th career Grand Slam title and her 4th French Open title. It was Barclay's 1st career Grand Slam title and his 1st French Open title.

### Juniors
#### Boys' singles

Phil Dent defeated John Alexander, 6–3, 3–6, 7–5

#### Girls' singles

Lesley Hunt defeated Eugenia Isopaitis, 6–4, 6–2
# Gloucester Castle

51°51′47″N 2°14′56″W﻿ / ﻿51.863°N 2.249°W﻿ / 51.863; -2.249
Gloucester Castle was a Norman-era royal castle situated in the city of Gloucester in Gloucestershire, England. It was demolished in 1787 and replaced by Gloucester Prison.

## Early Norman motte and bailey castle

It was probably constructed by the Anglo-Norman Roger de Pitres, the first post-Norman Conquest Sheriff of Gloucestershire, as a simple motte and bailey castle during the reign of William the Conqueror (1066–1087), when sixteen houses were demolished to make way for it. It was enlarged by King William II (1087–1100) who demolished eight more houses. Walter of Gloucester, Sheriff of Gloucestershire, succeeded his father Roger de Pitres as Constable of the castle. Before 1113 Walter built a new castle west of Barbican hill on a former garden of Gloucester Abbey, overlooking the River Severn. Walter's son, and the next Constable of Gloucester Castle, was Miles FitzWalter of Gloucester, 1st Earl of Hereford (d. 1143) (alias Miles of Gloucester), Sheriff of Gloucestershire, a great magnate based in the west of England who became hereditary Constable of England. He was succeeded as Constable of Gloucester Castle by his eldest son Roger Fitzmiles, 2nd Earl of Hereford (d. 1155). Later it was retained by the Crown.

## King's residence

More improvements and some repairs were carried out by Henry III, these improvements included a bridge across the River Severn leading to a barbican in the outer wall. Henry III often used it as a residence, and it played an important role in the barons' war when it was besieged twice in 1264–1265. Part of the castle had been being used as a gaol by 1185 and it was probably then the official county gaol, as it certainly was by 1228, and Eleanor of Brittany, niece of King John and cousin of Henry III with a better claim to the throne according to primogeniture and thus becoming a state prisoner, had been briefly imprisoned there during the reign of John, from 1222 to 1223, and from 1237 to 1238, while in 1222 to accommodate her the castle temporarily moved all its prisoners elsewhere.

## Decline

The defences were kept in full repair until the mid-15th century. It is likely that in the reign of Richard III, the castle ceased to be maintained as a fortress, continuing in use only as the county gaol. Much of the stonework of the castle was taken to construct roads and other buildings and by the mid-17th century all the buildings around the curtain wall had apparently gone, leaving only the keep, used as the gaol, and the main gatehouse standing. In time the keep was considered to be unsuitable for use as a gaol and its demolition began in 1787. The new gaol was finished in 1791 leaving no visible remains of the castle.

## Conservation

In December 2015, the castle's foundations were uncovered by archaeologists who were investigating the Gloucester Prison site ahead of a new development. Since being rediscovered there have been calls to make the site open to the public. The owners of the site are currently considering how they will include parts of the castle in their plans for the site's future.
# Fort Harmar

Fort Harmar was an early United States frontier military fort, built in pentagonal shape during 1785 at the confluence of the Ohio and Muskingum rivers, on the west side of the mouth of the Muskingum River. It was built under the orders of Colonel Josiah Harmar, then commander of the United States Army, and took his name. The fort was intended for the protection of Indians, i.e., to prevent pioneer squatters from settling in the land to the northwest of the Ohio River. "The position was judiciously chosen, as it commanded not only the mouth of the Muskingum, but swept the waters of the Ohio, from a curve in the river for a considerable distance both above and below the fort." It was the first frontier fort built in Ohio Country.
It is notable as the site for the 1789 Treaty of Fort Harmar between the United States and several Native American tribes.
The presence of Fort Harmar was influential in the founding of Marietta, Ohio in 1788 to the east across the Muskingum. During the one-year anniversary celebration of the founding of Marietta, the physician Solomon Drowne said:
   But to whom is this settlement more indebted than to the generous chieftain [Josiah Harmar] and other worthy officers of yonder fortress, distinguished by the name of Harmer [Fort Harmar]. With what cheerfulness and cordiality have ye ever entered into every measure promotive of the company's interest. Important is the station ye fill in every respect, and not least in this, that you seem reserved to exhibit to mankind a specimen of that military splendor, which ornamented the arms of America, and would do honor to the troops of any potentate on earth.
The fort was abandoned in 1790 and demolished in summer, 1791, as the area had been redeveloped for other uses, and Marietta expanded to the west side of the river. The exact location of the fort cannot be determined as the Ohio River has been widened by damming, and is believed to be underwater near the mouth of the Muskingum. This area of Marietta is still referred to as Harmar, and the neighborhood has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places as the Harmar Historic District.

## Nearby forts

The Campus Martius fortification of the Marietta settlement was built on the east side of the Muskingum and upriver from Fort Harmar during 1788, and fully completed in 1791 at the start of the Northwest Indian War. It was the first settlement of Marietta.
The Picketed Point fortification of Marietta was built in 1791 directly across the Muskingum from Fort Harmar, on the east side of the river's mouth.
# Hammer and pick

The hammer and pick, rarely referred to as hammer and chisel, is a symbol of mining, often used in heraldry. It can indicate mining, mines (especially on maps or in cartography), or miners, and is also borne as a charge in the coats of arms of mining towns.
The symbol represents the traditional tools of the miner, a hammer and a chisel on a handle, similar to a pickaxe, but with one blunt end. They are pictured in the way a right-handed worker would lay them down: the pick with the point to the right and the handle to the lower left, the hammer with the handle to the lower right and the head to the upper left. The handle of the pick protrudes over the head, because the head is not permanently fixed, but can be swapped for a newly sharpened head when it is blunt from use. In coats of arms the symbol is often shown in black (Johanngeorgenstadt, Hövels), but also in natural colours (Telnice) or in gold or silver (Abertamy, Bodenwöhr, Gelsenkirchen).

## Examples

* Arms of Mühlbach am Hochkönig, Salzburgerland, Austria
* Arms of Töpen, Bavaria, Germany
* Coat of arms of New Zealand
* Coat of arms of Świętochłowice, Poland
* Flag of Karlovy Vary Region, Czech
* Arms of Kerkrade, Kerkrade, Limburg, The Netherlands
* Former United States Geological Survey logo
* Hammer and pick on the former administration building of the Bavarian Lignite Industry AG in Wackersdorf, Germany
* Seal of the State of Colorado in the United States.

## Other

The hammer and pick is used to indicate the working day, on timetables. As an emoji, it is often used as a symbol by fans of Premier League side West Ham United, Ukrainian Premier League club Shakhtar Donetsk, and Eerste Divisie football club Roda JC Kerkrade.

### Unicode

In Unicode, the "hammer and pick" symbol is U+2692 ⚒.
# Carnoy Military Commonwealth War Graves Commission Cemetery

The Carnoy Military Commonwealth War Graves Commission Cemetery is a war cemetery located on the Somme battlefield in France. The cemetery contains the remains of 826 casualties from the First World War. Its name is derived from the nearby town of Carnoy.

## Foundation

The cemetery was begun in August 1915 by the 2nd King's Own Yorkshire Light Infantry. It was temporarily closed in 1917 and its land was converted to an advanced base for ambulances and field hospitals. From March to August 1918 it was occupied by German forces following the German spring offensive. Some of the German war dead were buried at Carnoy, though these bodies were removed in 1924. Today the cemetery covers 4440 square meters and serves as a final resting place for around 826 bodies.
# Armorial Gate

The Armorial Gate (Russian: Гербовые ворота, romanized: Gerbovye vorota) was a unique monumental erection of traditional Russian architecture. Situated in the Moscow Kremlin, the structure was symbolic of the centralized Russian state. Its name references polychrome tiles of the second floor, which displayed heraldic (armorial) emblems of formerly independent Russian principalities.
When constructing a palace for Ivan III in the late 15th century, the Italian architect Aloisio built an interior brick wall inside the Kremlin to defend the royal palace from south and west. The western wall was pierced by two arches, the smaller for pedestrians and the larger for vehicles. The larger gate was called Kolymazhnye, either from the old Russian word for vehicles or from the Kolymazhny Chamber situated nearby.
After the Romanov family ascended the throne in 1613, they rebuilt Ivan's residence into the Terem Palace. At about the same time, in the 1630s, they commissioned a tower to crown the Kolymazhnye Gate leading to the royal court.
The tower was square in plan, with the first floor pierced by a wide arch for vehicles. The second floor had twin double-arched windows with decorative elaborations of white stone. The third floor was pierced by a row of machicolations and a row of murder-holes. Above that was a gallery ringed by a perforated parapet. The structure was crowned by a tiled tent, decorated with two levels of dormers and surmounted by a heraldic double-headed eagle.
By the 19th century, the wall had lost its defensive purpose and was dismantled. After that, the detached tower appeared redundant and was pulled down at the urging of the Kremlin's castellan in 1807.

## Architectural features

The square in plan tower was divided into four floors. The ground floor had two entrance arches with iron gates. The first floor was a spacious hall without ceilings. The third storey was notable for the complexity of the engineering construction, as it served as the base of the stone top. From outside it was surrounded with two defence belts: from below there were lines with machicolations, and from above - with sunken arrowslit. Above them was a parapet-fenced gallery with a wooden floor.
Like almost all towers of the Kremlin in the XVII century, the composition was completed by a decorative tiled tent with watchtowers. Two rows of windows in the Renaissance style and a copper gilt coat of arms on an "apple" crowned the composition. The watchmen who guarded the tsar's chambers also kept watch over the city and sounded the alarm in case of fire.
The outside of each floor was decorated individually, the decor of the facade being lush and featuring an unusual mixture of styles. The second tier was decorated with white-stone carvings and pairs of shaped windows, typical of oriental architecture. They were surrounded by coats of arms with the symbols Astrakhan, Veliky Novgorod, Vyatka, Nizhny Novgorod, Kazan, Perm, Pskov, Smolensk, Tver, Chernigov, Ugra and Bulgaria. Thanks to these tiles by the end of the XVIII century the tower and received the name of Armorial.
# Fort Longueuil

Fort Longueuil was a stone fort that stood in Longueuil, in Quebec, Canada from 1690 to 1810.
Fort Longueuil was recognized as a National Historic Site of Canada on May 25, 1923. The historic site includes the archaeological site of the fort, which was demolished in 1810. The site extends beneath the present-day Saint-Antoine-de-Padoue Cathedral. It is one of the only buildings in Canada that could ever be considered a castle (fortified residence for a noble), and out of those buildings it most resembles the castles of Europe. This makes it unique in the country.

## History

The territory of New France was divided into seigneuries in order to ensure the colony's defence. Of these seigneuries, Charles Le Moyne was granted the Seigneury of Longueuil. His son, Charles Le Moyne de Longueuil, built a fort with four towers between 1685 and 1690 as his fortified residence. The fort was built entirely in stone masonry, and included a guard house, a chapel and corps de logis.
Louis de Buade de Frontenac and Jean Bochart de Champigny then asked King Louis XIV to erect the seigneury of Longueuil as a barony, which he did in 1700, establishing the Barony of Longueuil. Charles Le Moyne de Longueuil was the only Canadian-born person to be raised to the rank of Baron by a French King.
Fort Longueuil was believed to be occupied by American troops during the American Revolutionary War. It was subsequently occupied by the British. It was demolished in 1810 because of its poor condition.

## Location

The fort was located in the Old Longueuil neighbourhood. It was partly situated on the site of the Co-Cathedral of Saint-Antoine-de-Padoue, Saint-Charles Street, Chambly Road, the site of a Laurentian Bank branch and a restaurant. Parts of the fort are visible in the Royal Bank of Canada branch through a special made hole in the floor.

## Description

It measured 68 meters long by 46 meters wide. The interior of the fort included:
* a house 72 X 24 feet
* a chapel of 45 X 22 feet
* a guard house of 25 X 25 feet
* a barn of 70 X 30 feet
* a barn to house 12 horses
* stables to house 40 cattle
* a barn 30 feet squared and other necessary farm buildings