OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# William L. Heermance

William Laing Heermance (February 28, 1837 - February 25, 1903) was a Union Army soldier in the American Civil War who received the U.S. military's highest decoration, the Medal of Honor.
Heermance was born on February 28, 1837, and entered service at Kinderhook, New York. He was awarded the Medal of Honor for extraordinary heroism on April 30, 1863, while serving as a Captain with Company C, 6th New York Cavalry Regiment, at Chancellorsville, Virginia. His Medal of Honor was issued on March 30, 1898.
He died at the age of 65, on February 25, 1903, and was buried at the Oakland Cemetery in Yonkers, New York.

## Medal of Honor citation

   The President of the United States of America, in the name of Congress, takes pleasure in presenting the Medal of Honor to Captain William Laing Heermance, United States Army, for extraordinary heroism on 30 April 1863, while serving with Company C, 6th New York Cavalry, in action at Chancellorsville, Virginia. Captain Heermance took command of the regiment as its senior officer when surrounded by Stuart's Cavalry. The regiment cut its way through the enemy's line and escaped but Captain Heermance was desperately wounded, left for dead on the field and was taken prisoner.
# Perry Lakes Stadium

Perry Lakes Stadium was a multi-purpose stadium adjacent to Perry Lakes in Floreat, Western Australia.
It was built and funded by the State Government and the City of Perth in 1962 for the 1962 British Empire and Commonwealth Games and had a nominal capacity of 30,000. Many other events had been held at Perry Lakes Stadium over the years such as the athletics, soccer and rugby. It has been redeveloped into a residential site and the facility has been replaced by the Western Australian Athletics Stadium, which was constructed on the southern side of Underwood Avenue, which opened nearby in March 2009. The new facilities were funded by the Town of Cambridge and the State Government.
It was the venue of the Public Schools Association and Associated and Catholic Colleges of Western Australia (ACC) athletics carnivals and was also used for the Cancer Council of Western Australia's Relay for Life. The opening and closing ceremonies for the annual Countryweek sports carnival were also held at the stadium with most sporting events being conducted at McGillivray Oval and UWA Sports Park.
Demolition of the stadium began in April 2010, with the grandstand being demolished in September 2012.
# Doug Coombs

Doug Coombs (September 24, 1957 – April 3, 2006) was an American alpine skier and mountaineer who helped to pioneer the sport of extreme skiing, both in North America and worldwide.

## Early life and education

Coombs was born in Boston and grew up in Bedford, Massachusetts, skiing in New Hampshire and Vermont. He attended Bedford High School (Massachusetts) before attending Montana State University in Bozeman where he honed his skiing skills at nearby Bridger Bowl before becoming a fixture of the extreme skiing scene in Jackson Hole, Wyoming, helping to found Valdez Heli-Ski Guides (and the heliskiing industry) in Alaska in 1994, and twice winning the World Extreme Skiing Championship, in 1991 and 1993.

## Personal life

Coombs married Emily Gladstone in 1992 and, in 1993, they founded Doug Coombs Steep Skiing Camps Worldwide in Jackson Hole, Wyoming. In 1997, the Coombs moved the business to Europe, and the company continues to operate today in La Grave and Chamonix, in the French Alps. Doug and his wife Emily have a son, David.

## Death

While skiing with friends on April 3, 2006, Doug Coombs died from a severe fall at the Couloir de Polichinelle in La Grave, France. He was trying to rescue his friend Chad VanderHam, who had fallen himself. Both skiers fell approximately 1500 feet. Doug Coombs was found dead after the fall, and VanderHam later died from his injuries. Coombs was 48.
A memorial for Coombs was held at Jackson Hole Mountain Resort on June 25, 2006. A run on the upper part of the mountain memorializes him.

## Legacy

Doug's passion for skiing has been kept alive through the Doug Coombs Foundation, now Coombs Outdoors. Coombs Outdoors was established in 2013 to offer children from low-income families the guidance, support, and equipment required to participate in the amazing outdoor adventure experiences and sports activities that define the Jackson Community. Through these physical pursuits, it enables low-income children to reach their full potential and to engage in the wide array of outdoor activities offered in Jackson Wyoming.
His life is described in Rob Cocuzzo's book 'Tracking the Wild Coomba'.
Coombs' Law is described as "there are no bad ski conditions, only bad skiers."

## Filmography

While not an exhaustive list, Doug Coombs has been featured in a number of ski films, including:
* Groove: Requiem In the Key of Ski (1991, Greg Stump), competing in the Extreme Skiing Invitational at Blackcomb, in which he complains that the course, in the Saudan Couloir, is not extreme
* Aspen Extreme (1993), credited as stunt skier
* Matchstick Productions "The Hedonist" (1994) Final scene.
* Teton Gravity Research's The Continuum (1996)
* Warren Miller's Cold Fusion (2001)
* Warren Miller's Storm (2002)
* Warren Miller's Journey (2003)
* Waiting Game (2005)
* Fantastic Four (2005), stunts
* Warren Miller's Off the Grid (2006) contains a tribute to Doug Coombs
* Steep (2007)
* The Edge of Never (2009)
* Swift. Silent. Deep. (2010), archive footage.
# Broughton High School, Salford, Greater Manchester

Broughton High School Salford was a former secondary school in Salford, England. It was situated on Duke Street in Lower Broughton. The school was formerly known as Broughton Secondary Modern from its opening in 1950. It changed its name to Lowry High School in 1987.
Lowry High closed its doors in August 2000 and the building was used by a local Jewish school before its demolition in 2007.
Mountaineer Don Whillans was a pupil in the 1940s as was Manchester United footballer Stan Pearson.

## Gallery

* View from Duke Street
* View from Camp Street
* View from Camp Street
* View inside the school gym
* View inside the schools main hall
# Valentin Yegunov

Valentin Vladimirovich Yegunov (Russian: Валентин Владимирович Егунов; born 23 April 1976) is a former Russian professional footballer.

## Club career

He made his debut in the Russian Premier League in 1996 for FC Zenit St. Petersburg.

## Honours

* Russian Second Division, Zone East top scorer: 2009 (15 goals), 2010 (19 goals).
* Russian Second Division, Zone East best player and best striker: 2009, 2010.
# Germán Portanova

Germán Darío Portanova (born 19 October 1973) is an Argentine football manager and former player. He has played as a midfielder for clubs of Argentina, Chile, Paraguay and Spain. He currently manages the Argentina women's national team.

## Coaching career

He coached Argentina in the 2022 Copa América Femenina, guiding the team to qualify for the 2023 FIFA Women's World Cup, making him the first manager other than Carlos Borrello to do so.
# Gustavia superba

Gustavia superba, of the Monkey Pot Family (Lecythidaceae) is an understory tree that grows in Central and north-western South America. Common names include membrillo, sachamango, Stinkwood and heaven lotus. The trunk is around 5-10m high with a rosette of very large leaves radiating from the top (like palms). These leaves can be up to four feet (1.2 meters) in length by less than a foot (30 cm) wide.

## Ecology

Gustavia superba grows naturally as an understory tree, where it is abundant, especially in secondary forests . It appreciates abundant moisture, sun and well drained soil. It branches little until mature, and has a bunch of leaves at the top, so that it resembles a palm. Seeds are dispersed by agoutis. The leaves are a favourite food of iguanas.

## Fruit

It bears rounded pear shaped fruit, on the trunk (cauliflorous). Inside the hard green shell are several large seeds about 4 cm in diameter. The yellowish-orange pulp is edible, is usually boiled after which it is said to resemble meat in taste. It is rich in A, B and C vitamins.

## Distribution

The tree is not widely known outside its native range from Ecuador to Panama and Venezuela, but has been planted in tropical botanical gardens, including in Singapore (where it is referred to as 'pungol') and Australia.
# Richard M. Englert

Richard M. Englert is an American academic administrator who recently served as the acting president of Temple University from September 2023 to November 2024.
Englert joined Temple University in 1976 as an assistant to the dean of the college of education. He served as the 11th president from 2016 to 2021 and as acting president in 2022 for six months. Additionally, he took over as president on September 26, 2023 after the passing of the previous president, JoAnne A. Epps, and was succeeded in November 2024 by John Anderson Fry.
# Cepheus (poker bot)

Cepheus is the first poker playing program that "essentially weakly solved" the game of heads-up limit Texas hold 'em. This was the first imperfect information game played competitively by humans to be essentially solved. It was developed by the Computer Poker Research Group (CPRG) at the University of Alberta and was introduced in January 2015 in a paper entitled "Heads-up limit hold’em poker is solved", published in Science by Michael Bowling, Neil Burch, Michael Johanson, and Oskari Tammelin.
Cepheus' strategy is very close to a Nash equilibrium strategy for heads-up limit Texas hold'em, as an optimal counter-strategy to Cepheus can only win 0.000986 big blinds per game on expectation (to go from "essentially" solving the game to just "solving" the game, one has to reduce this expected loss to precisely 0 big blinds per game). However, 0.000986 big blinds per game on expectation means that even if someone played against Cepheus for a lifetime, this person will not be able to say, with statistical significance, that they have won.
Public web access to observe and play against Cepheus is available.
# Baby Is Three

Baby Is Three is a science fiction novella by American writer Theodore Sturgeon, first published in the October 1952 issue of Galaxy magazine. It was later crafted into a full novel, More Than Human. The original novella was voted the fifth-best science fiction novella of the pre-1965 era by the Science Fiction Writers of America, and so was included in The Science Fiction Hall of Fame, Volume Two.

## Summary

The story describes the creation and "bleshing" of a new life form, Homo Gestalt, on Earth. It is formed by the symbiosis of four or more humans with paranormal abilities. One person, the "head" of the organism, assembles and directs the various parts through telepathy, another is the "hands" of the organism, able to move and change physical objects by telekinesis, the third and fourth persons are twins able to teleport at will, and the fifth person of the organism is a silent baby with Down syndrome with a brain like a computer and who acts as the "brain". "Bleshing" is how the organism describes its own completeness and functionality. The plot follows the psychiatric evaluation of a fifteen-year-old boy named Gerry, who believes he has murdered his caregiver Miss Kew for endangering the "bleshing" of his new organism.
# Ursell number

In fluid dynamics, the Ursell number indicates the nonlinearity of long surface gravity waves on a fluid layer. This dimensionless parameter is named after Fritz Ursell, who discussed its significance in 1953.
The Ursell number is derived from the Stokes wave expansion, a perturbation series for nonlinear periodic waves, in the long-wave limit of shallow water – when the wavelength is much larger than the water depth. Then the Ursell number U is defined as:
    $U={\frac {H}{h}}\left({\frac {\lambda }{h}}\right)^{2}\,=\,{\frac {H\,\lambda ^{2}}{h^{3}}},$
which is, apart from a constant 3 / (32 π$^2$), the ratio of the amplitudes of the second-order to the first-order term in the free surface elevation. The used parameters are:
* H : the wave height, i.e. the difference between the elevations of the wave crest and trough,
* h : the mean water depth, and
* λ : the wavelength, which has to be large compared to the depth, λ ≫ h.
So the Ursell parameter U is the relative wave height H / h times the relative wavelength λ / h squared.
For long waves (λ ≫ h) with small Ursell number, U ≪ 32 π$^2$ / 3 ≈ 100, linear wave theory is applicable. Otherwise (and most often) a non-linear theory for fairly long waves (λ > 7 h) – like the Korteweg–de Vries equation or Boussinesq equations – has to be used. The parameter, with different normalisation, was already introduced by George Gabriel Stokes in his historical paper on surface gravity waves of 1847.
# Arnold of Selenhofen

Arnold of Selenhofen (c. 1095/1100 – 24 June 1160) was the archbishop of Mainz from 1153 to his assassination in the Benedictine abbey St. Jakob, where he took shelter from the raging crowd.
He was born to a wealthy Mainz family. He studied at the University of Paris and became the treasurer of the archdiocese of Mainz, then provost of the cathedral. Conrad III made him archchancellor of Germany in 1151 and Frederick Barbarossa made him archbishop in 1153.
His administration of justice was unforgiving. While he was away in Italy working for the recognition of the Antipope Victor IV in 1159, the leading citizens rebelled. When he returned, he was murdered in front of the monastery of St. Jakob. He was buried in the church of St. Maria ad gradus (St. Mary of the Steps).

## Literature

* Johann Friedrich Böhmer: Martyrium Arnoldi Archiepiscopi Moguntini. Stuttgart 1853. (Fontes Rerum Germanicarum 3), pp. 173–217
* Burkhardt, Stefan, Mit Stab und Schwert. Bilder, Träger und Funktionen erzbischöflicher Herrschaft zur Zeit Kaiser Friedrich Barbarossas. Die Erzbistümer Köln und Mainz im Vergleich (Mittelalter-Forschungen 22), Ostfildern 2008.
* Burkhardt, Stefan, Vita Arnoldi archiepiscopi Moguntinensis, Schnell + Steiner, 2014, ISBN 978-3-7954-2940-9
Catholic Church titles :
| Preceded byHenry I | Archbishop of Mainz 1153–1160 | Succeeded byRudolf |
| Preceded byHenry I | Archbishop of Mainz 1153–1160 | Succeeded byChristian I |
* This article about a Roman Catholic archbishop from Germany is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Madolenihmw

Madolenihmw is one of the administrative divisions of the Micronesian island of Pohnpei. It is located in the central east of the island, to the east of Mount Nahna Laud and south of Mount Kapwuriso. The coast of Madolenihmw includes a large bay which contains the island of Temwen, famous for its Nan Madol ruins.

## Education

Pohnpei State Department of Education operates public schools:
* Madolenihmw High School
* ESDM Elementary School
* Lukop Elementary School
* Mand Elementary School
* Pohnlangas Elementary School
* Sapwalap Elementary School
* Temwen Elementary School
* Wapar Elementary School
Private school:
* Ohwa Christian High School
# The Speed of Sound (album)

The Speed of Sound is a 1988 all-instrumental album by American rock guitarist Ronnie Montrose, who led the bands Montrose (1973-77 & 1987) and Gamma (1979-83 & 2000) and also performed and did session work with a variety of musicians, including Van Morrison (1971–72), Herbie Hancock (1971), Beaver & Krause (1971), Boz Scaggs (1971), Edgar Winter (1972 & 1996), Gary Wright (1975), The Beau Brummels (1975), Dan Hartman (1976), Tony Williams (1978), The Neville Brothers (1987), Marc Bonilla (1991 & 1993), Sammy Hagar (1997), and Johnny Winter. In 1997, Ronnie stated that this album was his favorite instrumental record he had done so far. The track titles are words and phrases referencing aviation themes.
In 1999, Ronnie Montrose himself re-released a limited edition of 500 compact discs that were each numbered and autographed and came with a certificate of authenticity through his own company RoMoCo. The CD had different artwork on the jewel case as well as the insert which was numbered as well.
Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | link |

## Track listing

* "Mach 1" (Ronnie Montrose) – 4:27
* "Black Box" (Montrose) – 4:40
* "Hyper-Thrust" (Montrose) – 3:25
* "Monolith" (Montrose) – 3:15
* "Zero G" (Montrose) – 4:18
* "Telstar" (Joe Meek / The Tornados cover) – 3:11
* "Sidewinder" (Montrose) – 3:54
* "Windshear" (Montrose) – 4:16
* "VTOL" (Montrose) – 3:05
* "Outer Marker Inbound" (Montrose) – 4:34

## Personnel

* Ronnie Montrose – guitar, percussion, MIDI guitar synthesizer
* Glenn Letsch – bass guitar
* Johnny Badanjek – drums
* Patrick Feehan – synthesizer on "Zero G" and "Outer Marker Inbound"

## Production

* Produced by Ronnie Montrose
* Engineered by Ronnie Montrose and Roger Wiersema
# Samoan Democratic United Party

The Samoan Democratic United Party (SDUP) was the main opposition party of Samoa from 2003 to 2008. The SDUP was formed in 2003 from the Samoan National Development Party (SNDP) and the Samoan United Independent Party (SUIP). During the 2006 Samoan general election, they won 10 of the 49 seats, but one member lost his seat after an election petition ruling in August 2006.
At the end of August 2006, the party announced it had a new leader, Asiata Sale'imoa Va'ai. The long-standing former leader, Le Mamea Ropati, had disputed the change of leadership. Following the departure of Ropati and his deputy Sililoto Tolo Tuaifaiva, the party dropped to seven MPs, and ceased to be recognised in the House. As a result, all its members were considered to be independents. Court action challenging the Speaker's ruling was repeatedly delayed. In the interim, the party's deputy leader, Aeau Peniamina Le'avai, resigned, while another MP, Sililoto Tolo Tua'ifaiva, died. In August 2007 party leader Asiata Sale'imoa Va'ai was charged with contempt of court after accusing the judiciary of bias over delays in the court case.
In April 2008 most remaining SDUP MPs agreed to form a new party, which eventually became the Tautua Samoa Party.
In September 2010, the leaders of the SDUP, including Le Mamea Ropati, Tuia Paepae Letoa and Mulipola Oliva asked to run as HRPP candidates.
The party was finally deregistered in February 2020 after not paying its registration fee.

## People
### Leaders

* Le Mamea Ropati (?–2006)
* Asiata Sale'imoa Va'ai (2006–2010)
# Thiolactone

Thiolactones are a class of heterocyclic compounds in organic chemistry. They are analogs of the more common lactones in which an oxygen atom is replaced with a sulfur atom. The sulfur atom is within the ring system and adjacent to a carbonyl group.

## Chemistry

Thiolactones can be prepared by dehydration of thiol-containing carboxylic acids. Thiolactones can be hydrolyzed back to the thiol acids under basic conditions. β-Thiolactones can be opened by reaction at the 4-position via S$_N$2 nucleophilic reactions.

## Occurrence

Thiolactones are intermediates in the activation of some drugs.
In nature, the most common thiolactone is homocysteine thiolactone. It is produced from homocysteine. It may play a role in protein damage. The drugs citiolone and erdosteine are modified versions of homocysteine thiolactone.
Thiolactones have been found in peptides synthesized by bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus in order to regulate their quorum-sensing system.
# Jay Warren

Jay Calvin Warren (born 29 July 1956) is a political figure from the Pacific territory of the Pitcairn Islands.

## Political roles

Jay Warren was elected mayor of the last remaining British dependency in Oceania in the general election held on 15 December 2004, defeating Brenda Christian, who had held the mayoralty in an interim capacity following the dismissal from the post of her brother, Steve Christian, by the British authorities on 30 October 2004, following his rape convictions. Warren was expected to take up his duties sometime around Christmas, when he was to return from Tahiti, where his daughter Darylynn was hospitalized and recovering from a longboat accident in which her arm was nearly severed. Besides Darylynn, he has another child, Charlene.
Jay Warren was no stranger to the post to which he was elected. From 1 January 1991 to 31 December 1999, he served in an almost identical capacity as Magistrate, as the chief elected official was known prior to a constitutional revision in 1999. Previously, after a brief stint as a member of the Island Council in 1982, he had assumed the second-most influential position on the island in 1985, as chairman of the Internal Committee. He continued to hold this office up to his election to the office of magistrate in late 1990.
As magistrate throughout most of the 1990s, Warren had executive, legislative, and judicial authority, serving ex officio as chairman of the Island Council, which doubles as the dependency's legislature and court. Following the constitutional review and the replacement of the magistrate by a mayor in 1999, Steve Christian was elected to the new position. Warren remained politically active, however, and served two further terms (in 2000 and 2002) as chairman of the Internal Committee.
Warren's election to the mayoralty in 2004 was welcomed by British Deputy Governor Matthew Forbes. "We appointed Jay as chairman of the (island's) internal committee in the period after the trials and before this election," Forbes told Radio New Zealand from his office at the British High Commission (the equivalent of an embassy in Commonwealth countries) in Wellington. "He's very experienced and I'm sure he'll make a very good mayor."
He was succeeded by Mike Warren as mayor in December 2007.

## Charges and acquittal

In the 2004 Pitcairn Islands sexual assault trial Warren was charged with the indecent assault of a 12-year-old girl. He was acquitted on 24 October 2004, the only one of the seven defendants to be found not guilty. He is the brother of Meralda Warren, who has also held political office and is one of the most vocal defenders of the islanders' traditional acceptance and practice of sexual activity from puberty onwards. Meralda Warren was also elected to the council on 15 December 2004.
# Viliame Seruvakula

Ratu Viliame Seruvakula is a former Fijian military officer and politician.

## Biography

He is the son of former politician Ratu Semi Seruvakula.
He attended Ratu Sukuna Memorial, Queen Victoria and Lelean Memorial Schools. He was a member of the Deans Trophy winning Lelean Under-19 Team side that defeated Ratu Kadavulevu School in the Fiji Secondary Schools Rugby Union (FSSRU) competition finals in 1979.
Seruvakula joined the army in the early 1980s and served in the Sinai Peninsula and in Lebanon from 1986 to 1987 as a platoon commander in the Charlie company of the First Battalion, Fiji Infantry Regiment. He opposed the 2000 coup, and when rebels from the Counter Revolutionary Warfare Unit mutinied at Suva's Queen Elizabeth Barracks on 2 November 2000, he led the third infantry battalion in a counter-offensive to retake the barracks from the rebels.
Following the mutiny, Seruvakula made some controversial statements in the media. He alleged that he had been offered F$250,000 to support George Speight's attempted coup in May, and that former Prime Minister Sitiveni Rabuka (who led two coups in 1987) had incited the mutiny and attempted to overthrow the military commander, Commodore Frank Bainimarama. His police statement became the subject of several investigations, and Rabuka was charged but ultimately acquitted as a result of his allegations.
Seruvakula joined the New Zealand Army in 2001. He resigned from the military in early 2006 to take up a post with the Peace and Security division of the United Nations. He was elected as Chairman of the Great Council of Chiefs in 2024.