OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Charlie (Tones and I song)

"Charlie" is a song by Australian singer Tones and I. It was released on 12 August 2022 through Bad Batch Records, distributed by Sony Music Australia after its debut on Jimmy Kimmel Live! on 9 August 2022.
The song is named after Tones and I's labrador, 'Charlie'. Tones and I told Triple J the song was inspired by her missing Charlie during a three-month stint in Los Angeles, "I was like 'I wonder what Charlie's doing right now? What does he get up to? Does he sneak out at night and go party with the other dogs?'".

## Charts

Weekly chart performance for "Charlie" :
| Chart (2022) | Peak position |
| New Zealand Hot Singles (RMNZ) | 23 |
# Trevor Peters

Trevor Deshawn Peters (born 19 March 1989) is a British Virgin Islander footballer who plays as a striker for Rebels FC.

## International career

He made his debut for the British Virgin Islands in an October 2010 17–0 defeat to the Dominican Republic. Peters scored his first international goal in the 2–1 loss to US Virgin Islands on 10 July 2011.

## Career statistics
### International

    As of match played 14 November 2019
| National team | Year | Apps | Goals |
| British Virgin Islands | 2010 | 3 | 0 |
| British Virgin Islands | 2011 | 2 | 1 |
| British Virgin Islands | 2012 | 3 | 0 |
| British Virgin Islands | 2014 | 3 | 0 |
| British Virgin Islands | 2015 | 2 | 0 |
| British Virgin Islands | 2016 | 2 | 0 |
| British Virgin Islands | 2018 | 1 | 0 |
| British Virgin Islands | 2019 | 3 | 0 |
| Total | Total | 19 | 1 |

### International goals

    Scores and results list British Virgin Islands' goal tally first.
| No. | Date | Venue | Opponent | Score | Result | Competition |
| 1. | 10 July 2011 | A. O. Shirley Recreation Ground, Road Town, British Virgin Islands | U.S. Virgin Islands | 1–1 | 1–2 | 2014 FIFA World Cup Qualifying |
# Tyler Harding

Tyler Harding (born 18 October 1996) is a British freestyle skier. He competed in the 2013 and 2017 FIS Freestyle World Ski Championships, and in the 2018 Winter Olympics.
# Willie Clemons

Willie Minkah Ajani Clemons (born 24 September 1994) is a Bermudan semi-professional footballer who played as a midfielder for Isthmian League North club Felixstowe & Walton United and the Bermuda national team.

## Club career

Clemons made his international debut against Dominican Republic in June 2016.
On 2 January 2020, Clemons joined Dalkurd FF.
After spending the 2021–22 campaign with Stowmarket Town, Clemons joined National League South side, Braintree Town in August 2022.

## Career statistics
### Club

    As of match played 14 February 2023
Appearances and goals by club, season and competition :
| Club | Season | League | League | League | National cup | National cup | League cup | League cup | Other | Other | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Bodens BK | 2018 | Division 2 Norrland | 19 | 6 | 0 | 0 | — | — | — | — | 19 | 6 |
| Bodens BK | 2019 | Ettan Norra | 20 | 6 | 0 | 0 | — | — | — | — | 20 | 6 |
| Bodens BK | Total | Total | 39 | 12 | 0 | 0 | — | — | — | — | 39 | 12 |
| Dalkurd FF | 2020 | Superettan | 18 | 1 | 3 | 0 | — | — | 2 | 0 | 23 | 1 |
| Stowmarket Town | 2021–22 | Isthmian League North Division | 27 | 8 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 1 | 0 | 28 | 8 |
| Braintree Town | 2022–23 | National League South | 26 | 1 | 3 | 0 | — | — | 2 | 1 | 31 | 2 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 110 | 22 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 1 | 121 | 23 |
* ↑ Appearances in the Superettan play-offs
* ↑ Appearance in the Isthmian League North Division play-offs
* ↑ Appearances in the FA Trophy

### International

    Scores and results list Bermuda's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Clemons goal.
List of international goals scored by Willie Clemons :
| No. | Date | Venue | Opponent | Score | Result | Competition |
| 1 | 8 June 2017 | Progress Park, Saint Andrew's, Grenada | Grenada | 2–1 | 2–2 | Friendly |
| 2 | 28 October 2017 | Bermuda National Stadium, Hamilton, Bermuda | Barbados | 1–0 | 2–3 | Friendly |
| 3 | 11 June 2022 | Félix Sánchez Olympic Stadium, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic | Montserrat | 1–1 | 2–3 | 2022–23 CONCACAF Nations League B |
# Gori (actress)

Gauhar Afroz (also known as Gori; Urdu: گوری) is a former Pakistani film, actress. Gori acted in both Punjabi, Pashto, and Urdu films including Hathiar (1979), Zara Si Baat (1982), Super Girl (1989), Mujrim (1989), and Chattan (1992).

## Early life

Gori's parents were from Ahmedpur East, and later they went to Multan, where they settled, and Gori was born Gauhar Afroz in Multan, Pakistan, on 14 September in 1965.

## Career

In 1979, Gori started her career with her debut in Hathiar. The film was a hit, starring Sultan Rahi, Sabiha Khanum, and Mustafa Qureshi. She was a successful and popular actress in the 1980s and 1990s. Gori was very selective about her work, and she worked in about 56 movies. After the decline of Urdu cinema in the early 2000s, in 2003 she worked on her last Punjabi film, Khar Damagh Gujjar, and quit the Pakistani film industry after the film was released.

## Personal life

Gori's older sister Anjuman is an actress and she has one daughter.

## Filmography
### Film

| Year | Film | Language |
| 1979 | Hathiar | Punjabi |
| 1982 | Zara Si Baat | Urdu |
| 1983 | Insaf Ka Tarazoo | Punjabi |
| 1983 | Dushman Pyara | Punjabi |
| 1984 | Chann Cheeta | Punjabi |
| 1985 | Nikah | Punjabi |
| 1986 | Akbar Khan | Punjabi |
| 1986 | Andha Qanoon | Punjabi |
| 1986 | Mela | Punjabi |
| 1988 | Allah Ditta | Punjabi |
| 1988 | Hukumat | Punjabi |
| 1989 | Super Girl | Punjabi |
| 1989 | Phoolan Devi | Punjabi |
| 1989 | Nagin Jogi | Punjabi / Urdu |
| 1989 | Mohabbat Ho To Aisi Ho | Urdu |
| 1989 | Nangi Talwar | Punjabi |
| 1989 | Mazdoor | Punjabi |
| 1989 | Mujrim | Punjabi |
| 1990 | Babul | Punjabi |
| 1990 | Sultana | Punjabi |
| 1990 | Tezab | Punjabi / Urdu |
| 1990 | Hifazat | Punjabi |
| 1990 | Khandani Badmash | Punjabi |
| 1990 | Loha | Punjabi |
| 1990 | Sher Dil | Punjabi |
| 1991 | Action | Punjabi |
| 1991 | Falak Sher | Punjabi |
| 1991 | Gandasa | Punjabi |
| 1991 | Chattan | Punjabi / Urdu |
| 1991 | Lahori Badmash | Punjabi |
| 1991 | Badmash Thug | Punjabi / Urdu |
| 1991 | Cobra | Punjabi |
| 1991 | Behram | Punjabi |
| 1991 | Mastan Khan | Punjabi / Urdu |
| 1991 | Gulfam | Punjabi / Urdu |
| 1991 | Hashar Nashar | Pashto |
| 1991 | Shooka | Punjabi |
| 1992 | Shera Pandi | Punjabi |
| 1992 | 6'Ka | Punjabi |
| 1992 | Tarazoo | Punjabi |
| 1992 | Agg day Golay | Punjabi |
| 1992 | Sanwal | Punjabi |
| 1992 | Deputy | Punjabi |
| 1992 | Pattan | Punjabi |
| 1992 | Abida | Punjabi / Urdu |
| 1992 | Gawah Tay Badmash | Punjabi |
| 1992 | Chattan | Pashto |
| 1993 | Katwal | Punjabi |
| 1993 | Roshan Jatt | Punjabi |
| 1993 | Faqeera | Punjabi |
| 1994 | Sher Punjab Da | Punjabi |
| 1994 | Saranga | Punjabi |
| 1994 | Ziddi Gujjar | Punjabi |
| 1995 | Qalandra | Punjabi |
| 1996 | Choran Da Shehanshah | Punjabi |
| 2003 | Khar Damagh Gujjar | Punjabi |
# Slutsky's theorem

In probability theory, Slutsky's theorem extends some properties of algebraic operations on convergent sequences of real numbers to sequences of random variables.
The theorem was named after Eugen Slutsky. Slutsky's theorem is also attributed to Harald Cramér.

## Statement

Let $X_{n},Y_{n}$ be sequences of scalar/vector/matrix random elements. If $X_{n}$ converges in distribution to a random element $X$ and $Y_{n}$ converges in probability to a constant $c$, then
* $X_{n}+Y_{n}\ {\xrightarrow {d}}\ X+c;$
* $X_{n}Y_{n}\ \xrightarrow {d} \ Xc;$
* $X_{n}/Y_{n}\ {\xrightarrow {d}}\ X/c,$ provided that c is invertible,
where ${\xrightarrow {d}}$ denotes convergence in distribution.
Notes:
* The requirement that Y$_n$ converges to a constant is important — if it were to converge to a non-degenerate random variable, the theorem would be no longer valid. For example, let $X_{n}\sim {\rm {Uniform}}(0,1)$ and $Y_{n}=-X_{n}$. The sum $X_{n}+Y_{n}=0$ for all values of n. Moreover, $Y_{n}\,\xrightarrow {d} \,{\rm {Uniform}}(-1,0)$, but $X_{n}+Y_{n}$ does not converge in distribution to $X+Y$, where $X\sim {\rm {Uniform}}(0,1)$, $Y\sim {\rm {Uniform}}(-1,0)$, and $X$ and $Y$ are independent.
* The theorem remains valid if we replace all convergences in distribution with convergences in probability.

## Proof

This theorem follows from the fact that if X$_n$ converges in distribution to X and Y$_n$ converges in probability to a constant c, then the joint vector (X$_n$, Y$_n$) converges in distribution to (X, c) (see here).
Next we apply the continuous mapping theorem, recognizing the functions g(x,y) = x + y, g(x,y) = xy, and g(x,y) = x y$^{−1}$ are continuous (for the last function to be continuous, y has to be invertible).
# Eriyur

Eriyur is a village in Singampunari Taluk in Sivaganga district of Tamil Nadu, India. It is a large village consisting of two Panchayat villages: Eriyur and Mampatti Devasthanam. The adjoining villages Valayapatti and Ulaginipatti are also administratively and culturally linked to Eriyur.
It is a constituent of the ancient "Mallakottai Nadu" once, which was a part of 'Sivagangai Seemai'.

## Location

It is located 26 km North from District headquarters Sivagangai. Other nearby towns are Melur and Tirupathur. It is about 8 km away from Thirukoshtiyur which has one of the 108 Divya desam temples dedicated to Lord Vishnu. Aabatharanapatti ( 2 km ),S.Mampatti ( 4 km ), Namanur ( 9.2 km ), Alavakottai ( 7.1 km ), Kattanipatti ( 9.3 km ), Mallakottai ( 7 km ),Jeyankondanilai(8 km), Madagupatti ( 7.7 km ) are the nearby Villages to Eriyur. It is well connected to Tirupathur, Melur and Madurai by private and Tamil Nadu State Transport bus lines.

## History

Eriyur is a modern village with long history and deep links to heritage. It is a constituent of the ancient "Mallakottai Nadu". Main occupation of the people is agriculture and trading.

## Culture

Main attraction of the village is the Malai Marundheeeswarar Temple (Tamil: மலை மருந்தீஸ்வரர் ஆலயம்). It is located at the top of the hill on the eastern side of the village. This temple is dedicated to Lord Shiva. "Pankuni Uthiram" festival celebrated in the month of March/ April is the major annual festival in this village. It is a 10-day festival for Lord Muruga situated in the Malai Marundheeswarar temple. This festival attracts devotees from around the villages. Most of the natives living outside of the village returns home to participate in the festival. Another major festival is the Pongal festival in the month of January.
# Bhadrakali, Hooghly

Bhadrakali is a neighbourhood in Uttarpara of Hooghly district in the Indian state of West Bengal. It is a part of the area covered by Kolkata Metropolitan Development Authority (KMDA).

## Geography

Bhadrakali is located on the west bank of the Hooghly River.

## Education

* Swami Niswambalananda Girls' College
* Bhadrakali High School .

## Healthcare

There is a primary health centre with 5 beds at Bhadrakali, run by Uttarpara Kotrung Municipality.

## Industry

The Bhadrakali distillery of United Spirits was earlier owned by Shaw Wallace. In 1959 Bengal Distillery at Bhadrakali had become a fully owned subsidiary of Shaw Wallace. The Bhadrakali distillery was set up in 1949 and manufactures fast moving brands of Indian-made foreign liquor.

## Transport

State Highway 6 (West Bengal) / Grand Trunk Road passes through Bhadrakali. The town is well connected with Howrah–Bardhaman main line through Uttarpara and Hindmotor railway stations.
# Suavanao Airport

Suavanao Airport is an airport on Santa Isabel Island in the Solomon Islands (IATA: VAO, ICAO: AGGV).
It has a short, unpaved airstrip that can only be used by small aircraft. Near the airstrip, there is a small wooden cabin with no electricity or means of communication with the mainland.
Used mainly by residents of Santa Isabel Island, the airport is served by Solomon Airlines, with one flight a week most of the year. The main destination from Suavanao Airport is Honiara. It also provides a fast connection to a resort on Papatura Island.

## Airlines and destinations

| Airlines | Destinations |
| Solomon Airlines | Fera, Honiara, Kagau, Munda |
# Ahmed Chagou

Ahmed Chagou is a Moroccan professional footballer, who plays as a defender.

## International career

In January 2014, coach Hassan Benabicha, invited him to be a part of the Morocca squad for the 2014 African Nations Championship. He helped the team to top group B after drawing with Burkina Faso and Zimbabwe and defeating Uganda. The team was eliminated from the competition at the quarter-final zone after losing to Nigeria.
# Anas El Asbahi

Anas El Asbahi (born 15 October 1993) is a Moroccan professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for the Swedish club Nordic United FC.

## International career

In January 2014, coach Hassan Benabicha, invited him to be a part of the Morocca squad for the 2014 African Nations Championship. He helped the team to top group B after drawing with Burkina Faso and Zimbabwe and defeating Uganda. The team was eliminated from the competition at the quarter-final zone after losing to Nigeria.

## Honours

Morocco
* Islamic Solidarity Games: 2013
# Mahinda Jayasinghe

Mahindavansha Jayasinghe, commonly known as Mahinda Jayasinghe, is a Sri Lankan educator, unionist and politician. A member of the National People's Power, he was elected to the parliament in the 2024 Sri Lankan parliamentary election representing Gampaha Electoral District.
# Henri Salaun (sportsman)

Henri Raoul Marie Salaun (6 April 1926 - 4 June 2014) was an American hardball squash and tennis player. He was "widely considered one of the world’s most influential squash players."

## Squash career

Born in Brest, France (his paternal grandfather was the French admiral Henri Salaun), he played high school squash at Deerfield Academy before playing college squash at Wesleyan University. He won the United States Squash Racquets Association (USSRA) national championships four times (1955, 1957, 1958 and 1961), and finished runner-up on five further occasions. He also won the inaugural US Open in 1954, beating the legendary player Hashim Khan in the final. Salauan also won "a record six Canadian Nationals (four in a row from 1956-59), a record seven Harry Cowles Invitationals, two Gold Racquets titles and a combined 26 USSRA age-group championships, a total which, like his 39 individual victories in the annual Tri-City (New York, Boston and Philadelphia) Lockett Cup competition, dwarfs that of everybody else." He adorned the cover of Sports Illustrated in 1958.
Salaun made his final appearance at the US national championships in 1966 when, just months shy of his 40th birthday, he reached the semi-finals. Since retiring from the top-level game, he has continued to play in veteran's events, winning numerous veterans titles.
Salaun was inducted into the USSRA Hall of Fame in 2000. He was inducted into Wesleyan University's Hall of Fame in the spring of 2008. Salaun graduated from Wesleyan in 1949. "At Wesleyan, Salaun earned All-American honors in soccer and competed nationally in tennis and squash. He studied languages, and joined the Alpha Delta Phi fraternity on campus."

## Tennis career

Salaun played his first tennis tournament in 1950 at the Connecticut State Championships where he reached the final, before losing to Tony Vincent.
In 1951 he won his first singles title at the Northern New England Championships against Clarke Richards. His other career highlights included winning the Massachusetts State Championships five times (1952, 1956, 1959, 1961–1962), the Essex County Invitational five times (1953, 1959, 1963–1964, 1966), the Wentworth Invitation (1954), New England Championships (1956), New Hampshire Championships (1968).
In 1968 he played and won his final singles tournament at the Coral Beach Club Invitation in Hamilton, Bermuda a against John F. Mangan.
# 1984 African Cup of Nations qualification

This page details the qualifying process for the 1984 African Cup of Nations in Ivory Coast. Ivory Coast, as hosts, and Ghana, as title holders, qualified automatically.

## Qualifying tournament

    Ghana qualified as holders
    Ivory Coast qualified as hosts

### Preliminary round

| Team 1 | Agg.Tooltip Aggregate score | Team 2 | 1st leg | 2nd leg |
| Malawi | 4–0 | Zimbabwe | 2–0 | 2–0 |
| Tanzania | 3–4 | Uganda | 1–1 | 2–3 |
| Somalia | 0–1 | Rwanda | 0–1 | n/p |
| Gabon | 2–6 | Angola | 2–2 | 0–4 |
| Mali | 3–2 | Gambia | 3–1 | 0–1 |
| Niger | 0–1 | Senegal | 0–0 | 0–1 |
| Togo | 4–0 | Sierra Leone | 3–0 | 1–0 |
| Benin | w/o | Liberia | — | — |
| Mauritius | w/o | Lesotho | — | — |
| Mozambique | w/o | Swaziland | — | — |
Malawi won 4–0 on aggregate.
Uganda won 4–3 on aggregate.
Rwanda won 1–0 on aggregate.
Angola won 6–2 on aggregate.
Mali won 3–2 on aggregate.
Senegal won 1–0 on aggregate.
Togo won 4–0 on aggregate.
Benin advanced after Liberia withdrew.
Mauritius advanced after Lesotho withdrew.
Mozambique advanced after Swaziland withdrew.

### First round

| Team 1 | Agg.Tooltip Aggregate score | Team 2 | 1st leg | 2nd leg |
| Mozambique | 3–4 | Cameroon | 3–0 | 0–4 |
| Algeria | 7–3 | Benin | 6–2 | 1–1 |
| Libya | 2–2 (a) | Senegal | 2–1 | 0–1 |
| Nigeria | 2–1 | Angola | 2–0 | 0–1 |
| Tunisia | 6–0 | Rwanda | 5–0 | 1–0 |
| Guinea | 0–3 | Togo | 0–1 | 0–2 |
| Morocco | 4–2 | Mali | 4–0 | 0–2 |
| Sudan | 2–1 | Zambia | 2–1 | 0–0 |
| Congo | 2–2 (1–3 p) | Egypt | 2–0 | 0–2 |
| Ethiopia | 1–1 (4–2 p) | Mauritius | 1–0 | 0–1 |
| Madagascar | 2–2 (a) | Uganda | 1–0 | 1–2 |
| Malawi | w/o | Zaire | — | — |
Cameroon won 4–3 on aggregate.
Algeria won 7–3 on aggregate.
Senegal won by away goals rule after 2–2 on aggregate.
Nigeria won 2–1 on aggregate.
Tunisia won 6–0 on aggregate.
Togo won 3–0 on aggregate.
Morocco won 4–2 on aggregate.
Sudan won 2–1 on aggregate.
Egypt won 3–1 on penalty shootout after 2–2 on aggregate.
Ethiopia won 4–2 on penalty shootout after 1–1 on aggregate.
Madagascar won by away goals rule after 2–2 on aggregate.
Malawi advanced after Zaire withdrew.

### Second round

| Team 1 | Agg.Tooltip Aggregate score | Team 2 | 1st leg | 2nd leg |
| Ethiopia | 2–4 | Togo | 2–1 | 0–3 |
| Senegal | 1–3 | Algeria | 1–1 | 0–2 |
| Egypt | 1–0 | Tunisia | 1–0 | 0–0 |
| Nigeria | 0–0 (4–3 p) | Morocco | 0–0 | 0–0 |
| Cameroon | 5–2 | Sudan | 5–0 | 0–2 |
| Madagascar | 1–2 | Malawi | 0–1 | 1–1 |
Togo won 4–2 on aggregate.
Algeria won 3–1 on aggregate.
Egypt won 1–0 on aggregate.
Nigeria won 4–3 on penalty shootout after 0–0 on aggregate.
Cameroon won 5–2 on aggregate.
Malawi won 2–1 on aggregate.

## Qualifying Teams

| Algeria  Cameroon  Egypt  Ghana (holders) | Ivory Coast (hosts)  Malawi  Nigeria  Togo |
# Pablo Pereira (footballer, born 1985)

Pablo Andrés Pereira Errandonea (born April 24, 1985, in Montevideo, Uruguay) is a Uruguayan football manager and former player who played as a centre-back. He currently works for the Liverpool Montevideo youth ranks.

## Playing career

A product of both Defensor Sporting and Liverpool, Pereira spend the most part of his career in the Uruguayan football.
Abroad, he played for Ferro Carril Oeste in Argentina and Correcaminos UAT in Mexico.

## Managerial career

Pereira began to coach club Old Ivy Club in 2017 at the same time he was a football player. In 2021, he was the assistant coach in Boston River. In 2022, he joined Liverpool Montevideo as coach of the youth ranks.
# Ray Ruddy

Raymond Maurice Ruddy (August 31, 1911 – December 4, 1938) was an American competition swimmer who represented the United States as a 16-year-old at the 1928 Summer Olympics in Amsterdam, Netherlands. He competed in the men's 400-meter freestyle, and placed sixth in event final with a time of 5:25.0. He also finished fourth overall in the men's 1,500-meter freestyle in a time of 21:05.0.
Ruddy was born in New York City, the son of 1904 Olympic swimmer Joe Ruddy. He attended Columbia University in New York, where he was a member of the Columbia Lions swimming and diving team in National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) competition. He won the 1930 NCAA national championships in the 440-yard freestyle with a time of 4:55.6.
At the 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin, Germany, he was a member of the ninth-place U.S. water polo team.
Ruddy died as a result of brain injuries sustained in an accident fall in 1938; he was 27 years old.
In 1977, he was inducted into the USA Water Polo Hall of Fame.
# Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Mauritania)

The Ministry of Foreign Affairs is the national ministry of foreign affairs of Mauritania. It has its headquarters in Nouakchott, just to the northwest of the Nouakchott Convention Center complex.

## List of ministers

This is a list of ministers of foreign affairs of Mauritania:
* 1960–1962: Moktar Ould Daddah
* 1962–1963: Cheikhna Ould Mohamed Laghdaf
* 1963–1965: Mohamed Ould Dayin
* 1965: Moktar Ould Daddah
* 1965–1966: Mohamed Ould Cheikh
* 1966: Malum Ould Braham
* 1966–1968: Wane Birane Mamadou
* 1968–1970: Hamdi Ould Mouknass
* 1970–1971: Mohamed Moktar Ould Cheikh Abdellahi
* 1971–1978: Hamdi Ould Mouknass
* 1978–1979: Cheikhna Ould Mohamed Laghdaf
* 1979–1980: Ahmedou Ould-Abdallah
* 1980–1981: Mohamed Moktar Ould Zamil
* 1981: Dahane Ould Ahmed Mahmoud
* 1981–1984: Ahmed Ould Minnih
* 1984: Cheikh Sid'Ahmed Ould Babamine
* 1984–1986: Ahmed Ould Minnih
* 1986–1988: Mohamed Lemine Ould N'Diayane
* 1988–1989: Mohamed Sidina Ould Sidiya
* 1989–1990: Cheikh Sid'Ahmed Ould Baba
* 1990–1992: Hasni Ould Didi
* 1992: Ismael Ould Yahi
* 1992–1993: Mohamed Abderrahmane Ould Moine
* 1993–1996: Mohamed Salem Ould Lekhal
* 1996–1997: Lemrabott Sidi Mahmoud Ould Cheikh Ahmed
* 1997: Ahmed Sidi Ould Khalifa
* 1997: Abdallahi Ould Nem
* 1997: Sow Abou Demba
* 1997–1998: Mohamed El Hacen Ould Lebatt
* 1998: Cheikh El Avia Ould Mohamed Khouna
* 1998–2001: Ahmed Ould Sid'Ahmed
* 2001–2002: Dah Ould Abdi
* 2002–2003: Mohamed Ould Tolba
* 2003–2005: Mohamed Vall Ould Bellal
* 2005–2007: Ahmed Ould Sid'Ahmed
* 2007–2008: Mohamed Saleck Ould Mohamed Lemine
* 2008: Cheikh El Avia Ould Mohamed Khouna
* 2008: Abdallahi Hassen Ben Hmeida
* 2008–2009: Mohamed Mahmoud Ould Mohamedou
* 2009–2011: Naha Mint Mouknass
* 2011–2013: Hamadi Ould Baba Ould Hamadi
* 2013–2015: Ahmed Ould Teguedi
* 2015: Vatma Vall Mint Soueina
* 2015–2016: Hamadi Ould Meimou
* 2016–2018: Isselkou Ould Ahmed Izid Bih
* 2018–2022: Ismail Ould Cheikh Ahmed
* 2022–present: Mohamed Salem Ould Merzoug.
# Compensation (essay)

"Compensation" is an essay by Ralph Waldo Emerson. It appeared in his book Essays, first published in 1841. In 1844, Essays: Second Series was published, and subsequent editions of Essays were renamed Essays: First Series.

## Summary

The essay addresses the topic of karma or cause and effect. Emerson contends that everywhere in nature there is dualism. Dualism is present within us because it balances life instead of having excess to destroy. Opposites like action/reaction, day/night, up/down, even/odd and spirit/matter are used to balance the universe. We must all use moderation in life, instead of excess which can cause defects in our lives. If there is excess it needs to be moderated for proper balance.

## Quotations

"To empty here, you must condense there."
"There is a crack in every thing God has made."
"Whilst the world is thus dual, so is every one of its parts. The entire system of things gets represented in every particle. There is somewhat that resembles the ebb and flow of the sea, day and night, man and woman, in a single needle of the pine, in a kernel of corn, in each individual of every animal tribe." "The same dualism underlies the nature and condition of man."
"Every sweet hath its sour; every evil its good. Every faculty which is a receiver of pleasure has an equal penalty put on its abuse. It is to answer for its moderation with its life."