OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Graduate Diploma in Law

The Graduate Diploma in Law/Postgraduate Diploma in Law/Common Professional Examination (GDL/PGDL/CPE) is a postgraduate law course in England and Wales that is taken by non-law graduates (graduates who have a degree in a discipline that is not law or not a qualifying law degree for legal practice) wishing to become either a solicitor or barrister in England and Wales. The course allows non-law students to convert to law after university (exceptions exist for non-graduates depending on circumstances); it is commonly known as a "law conversion course". Regulated by the Solicitors Regulation Authority, the course is designed as an intense programme covering roughly the same content as a law degree LL.B (Hons) and the main goal is to allow people with a greater variety of educational backgrounds into the legal profession.
Most GDL/PGDL courses award a diploma and are thus often titled Common Professional Examination (CPE).
The GDL/PGDL is one (full-time) or two (part-time) years long, and successful candidates may proceed to either the Solicitors Qualifying Examination (SQE) for solicitors or the Bar Professional Training Course (BPTC) for barristers. It is regulated by the Law Society of England and Wales with admissions handled through the Central Applications Board.
Some law students study for four years (rather than three years, usually due to a study year abroad or a placement year), making it possible for both non-law and law graduates of the same starting year to finish at the same time, with the CPE providing the "foundations of legal knowledge".

## UK course providers

In 1977, the former Inns of Court School of Law (now merged into City, University of London) launched their GDL/PGDL/CPE programme, which was the first of its kind in England and Wales.
The GDL/PGDL tends to be offered through private institutions or universities. The largest course providers are BPP Law School, City Law School and The University of Law.
The GDL/PGDL is also offered by several British universities including Cardiff University, the University of East Anglia, Keele University, the University of Sheffield, the University of Sussex, Swansea University, Birmingham City University, Manchester Metropolitan University, Leeds Beckett University,London Metropolitan University, the University of Westminster, Middlesex University, De Montfort University, University of East London, Nottingham Trent University and Oxford Brookes University.

## Typical structure

The typical structure of a GDL involves courses in:
* Foundations to Law or Law skills
* Public Law
* Contract Law
* Criminal Law
* Tort Law
* Equity & Trusts
* European Union Law
* Land Law
* Administrative Law
* Human Rights Law
# Miloon Kothari

Miloon Kothari is a scholar and activist who served from 2000 to 2008 as the United Nations Special Rapporteur on adequate housing with the Human Rights Council. From 2015 to 2022, he was the President of UPR Info. He was convener of the Working Group on Human Rights in India and the UN (WGHR) from 2009 to 2014, an Indian human rights coalition that notably focuses on the Universal Periodic Review. He is the founder of the Delhi-based Housing and Land Rights Network (HLRN), which aims to work toward the "realization of the human rights to adequate housing and land." He currently serves as a member of the UN Commission of Inquiry on the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem, and Israel.
Kothari was also a visiting scholar at the Department of Urban Studies and Planning at MIT from 2013 to 2014. Kothari has published over 50 works on numerous areas in human rights, policy and law, and activism.
Kothari, who trained as an architect, received his B.A. from Columbia University. He also holds degrees from the Pratt Institute and the Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda.

## Mondoweiss interview

In an interview with Mondoweiss in 2022, Kothari said about the Israeli occupation: "It’s been illegal from the beginning" adding "I would go as far as to raise the question of why [Israel is] even a member of the United Nations. Because… the Israeli government does not respect its own obligations as a UN member state. They, in fact, consistently, either directly or through the United States, try to undermine UN mechanisms".
Kothari added "We are very disheartened by the social media that is controlled largely by–whether it is the Jewish lobby or specific NGOs, a lot of money is being thrown into trying to discredit us, but the important thing is our mandate is based on international human rights and humanitarian standards and that we are all seeking the truth".
Israel's Prime Minister Yair Lapid called on the United Nations to end its inquiry into the 2021 Israel/Hamas conflict following Kothari's comments.
# Bikah District

Bikah District (Persian: بخش بیکاه) is in Rudan County, Hormozgan province, Iran. Its capital is the city of Bikah.

## History

After the 2006 National Census, the village of Bikah was elevated to the status of a city. In 2019, Eslamabad Rural District was created in the district, and Berentin Rural District was separated from it to join the Central District.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2006 census, the district's population was 22,532 in 4,666 households. The following census in 2011 counted 24,540 people in 6,222 households. The 2016 census measured the population of the district as 24,606 inhabitants in 6,950 households.

### Administrative divisions

Bikah District Population :
| Administrative Divisions | 2006 | 2011 | 2016 |
| Berentin RD | 8,328 | 9,032 | 8,684 |
| Bikah RD | 14,204 | 8,506 | 8,732 |
| Eslamabad RD | | | |
| Bikah (city) | | 7,002 | 7,190 |
| Total | 22,532 | 24,540 | 24,606 |
| RD = Rural District ||||
# The Eternal Moment

The Eternal Moment and Other Stories is the title of a collection of short stories by E. M. Forster, first published in 1928 by Sidgwick & Jackson. It contains stories written between about 1903 and 1914. Together with the stories contained in The Celestial Omnibus (1911), it was collected as Forster's Collected Short Stories in 1947. All of the included material deals with science fiction or supernatural themes, except for the title story, which includes several elements (English travelers in southern Europe, an interrupted moment of passion on a mountaintop) that would later be revisited in Forster's novel A Room with a View.
Includes:
* "The Machine Stops"
* "The Point of It"
* "Mr. Andrews"
* "Co-ordination"
* "The Story of the Siren"
* "The Eternal Moment"
# Graphics Turing test

In computer graphics the graphics Turing test is a variant of the Turing test, the twist being that a human judge viewing and interacting with an artificially generated world should be unable to reliably distinguish it from reality.
The original formulation of the test is:
    "The subject views and interacts with a real or computer generated scene. The test is passed if the subject can not determine reality from simulated reality better than a random guess. (a) The subject operates a remotely controlled (or simulated) robotic arm and views a computer screen. (b) The subject enters a door to a controlled vehicle or motion simulator with computer screens for windows. An eye patch can be worn on one eye, as stereo vision is difficult to simulate."
The "graphics Turing scale" of computer power is then defined as the computing power necessary to achieve success in the test. It was estimated in, as 1036.8 TFlops peak and 518.4 TFlops sustained. Actual rendering tests with a Blue Gene supercomputer showed that current supercomputers are not up to the task scale yet.
A restricted form of the graphic Turing test has been investigated, where test subjects look into a box, and try to tell whether the contents are real or virtual objects. For the very simple case of scenes with a cardboard pyramid or a styrofoam sphere, subjects were not able to reliably tell reality and graphics apart.
# Buridda

Buridda is an Italian seafood soup or stew originally from the Liguria region of Italy. Some preparations may be slow-cooked, while others are cooked in a relatively short amount of time (9–10 minutes). It has also been described as a stew, or as similar in texture to a stew.

## Ingredients and preparation

Buridda's primary ingredients include seafood, fish broth, tomato, onion and garlic. Traditionally, the soup was served with gallette del marinaio (dry, round bread buns), which would be soaked in it. In contemporary times, toasted bread may be used. It may contain several types of fish, and additional seafoods may include eel, squid, clams or mussels. Simple preparations may be cooked with only dried cod and potato.

## Varieties

Buridda alla genovese is a variation that is prepared with the same base ingredients, and may also include shrimp and octopus. It has been described as a "traditional dish from Genoa".
Cioppino is an Italian-American seafood stew invented in the 1800s in San Francisco by people from Genoa, and it is a type of buridda.
Buridda is related to bourride, a fish soup of Provence and the burrida of Sardinia, a dish made of shark meat.
# Websteroprion

Websteroprion ("Webster's saw") is a genus of eunicidan polychaete that lived during the middle Devonian period in what is now Canada. It contains a single species, W. armstrongi, recovered from the Kwataboahegan Formation.

## Etymology

The genus was named after the bassist Alex Webster of the death metal band Cannibal Corpse.

## Description

Websteroprion is known from the maxillae of several individuals in one location. These maxillae reaching 1.32 cm (0.52 in) in length, with one incomplete specimen that supposed to be bigger in full size. These are the largest jaws of any fossil polychaete. A larger fossil jaw had been reported in 1934 but that specimen is too undiagnostic so it regarded as a nomen dubium. Referencing the jaw to body size ratio of other polychaetes, Websteroprion could have grown to 1–2 m (3 ft 3 in – 6 ft 7 in) long, though the exact size is unknown without soft tissue preservation.
The maxillae of Websteroprion are denticulate (having teeth-like structures), while those of extant eunicids and onuphids are not. However, larvae of these two modern families do have deticulated maxillae, possibly strengthening an ancestral connection between the groups.
No mandibles were found alongside the maxillae at the site of discovery, which leads to the possibility that these structures could not be preserved or that the maxillae were shed by Websteroprion while their mandibles were not.

## Paleoecology

The feeding practices of Websteroprion, though unknown, may be similar to the modern day Eunice aphroditois due to similarities in jaw structure. If this is true, Websteroprion would use its large jaws to eat live prey, algae, and decaying matter. However, the jaws of polychaetes do not necessarily designate specific feeding habits, so precise knowledge remains unknown without preserved gut content or soft tissue.
All of the specimens of Websteroprion are of a similar large size, which may indicate juveniles and adults had differing environmental preferences and thus would not be preserved together. Though juvenile specimens may have simply not been preserved.
The large size of Websteroprion is unique compared to other Devonian polychaetes, and the specific driving mechanisms for the increased size, whether intrinsic or extrinsic, are unknown.
# Sri Edi Swasono

Sri Edi Swasono (born in Ngawi (city), Ngawi, September 16, 1940) is a professor of economics at the University of Indonesia. He was a member People's Consultative Assembly (MPR) of the emissary group in the New Order era of Indonesia, ruled by President Soeharto. He has been involved in the cooperative world. His wife is the first daughter of Mohammad Hatta, the father of cooperative (Bapak Koperasi) Indonesia and the first vice president of Indonesia. Sri Edi spent his life to study and to fight for the development of cooperatives in Indonesia.

## Career

Sri Edi Swasono high educational background began with becoming a student of Faculty of Economics and graduated in 1963 [4]. Then continue their studies MPIA S2 earned at University of Pittsburgh in 1966. Not long after that, he completed his studies and obtained his Ph.D S3 in the same university (1969).
He is a productive person. A lot of work, experience, and awards resulting from his hard work. His works include:
* Cultural Breakthrough (Terobosan Kultural; 1986),
* Economic Democracy: Participation Business Linkages VS Economic Concentration (Demokrasi Ekonomi: Keterkaitan Usaha Partisipasi VS Konsentrasi Ekonomi; 1988),
* Economic Systems and Economic Democracy (Sistem Ekonomi dan Demokrasi Ekonomi; 1991),
* Towards Economic Development and the People (Menuju Pembangunan Perekonomian Rakyat; 1998).
Sri Edi actively trying to fight for the economic populist with cooperatives as a form of economic democracy. For their hard work was, he was confirmed Professor, dated July 13, 1988 to bring inaugural speech, entitled "Economic Democracy, Commitment and Development of Indonesia".
# Makerere University School of Dentistry

The Makerere University School of Dentistry (MUSD), also known as the Makerere University Dental School, is the school of dentistry of Makerere University, Uganda's oldest and largest public university. The dental school has been part of Makerere University since 1983.

## Location

The school is located on Makerere Hill, on the main campus of Makerere University, in northern Kampala, Uganda's capital and largest city. The campus is approximately 3 kilometres (1.9 mi), north of the city's central business district. The pre-clinical disciplines of the dental school are integrated with the Makerere University School of Medicine. The clinical teaching disciplines are integrated with the Makerere University School of Health Sciences, all of which are located on neighboring Mulago Hill.

## Overview

MUSD is one of the schools that comprise the Makerere University College of Health Sciences, a constituent semi-autonomous college of Makerere University. The college is headed by a principal and a deputy principal, while each school is headed by a dean.

## History

The school was established as a dental department, sometime in 1983. Initially it shared premises with the Ugandan Ministry of Health's Uganda Allied Health Sciences and Management Institute, located on Mulago Hill. In 2019, the dental facilities at Mulago Hill were determined to be inadequate.
The dental school was allocated new facilities on Makerere University Main Campus and a new lecture block was constructed at the site. New dental chairs were procured and new lecturers were hired. Between 2019 and 2022, the dental department was closed down while the changes were implemented. The dental school opened at the new premises on 17 May 2022.

## Academic courses
### Undergraduate

The following undergraduate courses were offered As of July 2022:
* Bachelor of Dental Surgery (BDS)
* Bachelor of Dental Technoloy (BDTech)

### Postgraduate

* MMed in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery (MMed OMFS) (In collaboration with Makerere University School of Medicine)
* Master of Dental Surgery (MDS)
# Metro Channel

Metro Channel (formerly Lifestyle (Network) and stylized in all capital letters) is a Philippine pay television channel based in Quezon City. It is owned by Creative Programs Inc., a subsidiary of media conglomerate ABS-CBN Corporation. Its programming is composed primarily of lifestyle and entertainment shows targeted to upscale women. The channel was officially launched on April 2, 2018, and it was named after Metro Magazine, one of the leading lifestyle magazines in the country published by ABS-CBN Publishing. The channel became available on G Sat Channel 70 on October 5, 2020 and on January 4, 2021, on Cignal Channel 69 replacing the channel space of Disney XD Asia. A video on demand service for Metro Channel shows are available via IWantTFC.

## Programming blocks

* Home & Living - focused on home improvements, room makeovers, interior design and modern living.
* Food & Travel - focused on food, travel and adventure.
* Fashion & Style - focused on fashion and style.
* Entertainment & Glamour - focused on the best entertainment and glamour.

## Original programming, special features and segments

* At The Table (Season 2) (formerly Chasing Flavors; 2017–present)
* Beached (2018–present)
* Casa Zobel De Ayala (Season 2) (2017–present)
* Driven (2018–present)
* In The Metro (2018–present)
* Metro Best K-Drama Awards (2020–present)
* Pia's Postcards (2018–present)
# Royal Commission on the Aborigines (1913)

The Royal Commission on the Aborigines was a royal commission held in the state of South Australia to inform the government of the day on how best to deal with and look after the welfare of Aboriginal Australians in the colony. It began in 1913, handing down a progress report in October of that year, but continued its investigations in 1914 and only issued its final report in 1916.

## Background

The Royal Commission on the Aborigines was appointed by the South Australian Government on 19 December 1912 to inquire into and provide a report on "the control, organisation and management of the institutions in this [South Australia] set aside for the benefit of the aborigines". with other commissioners being James Jelley MLC, John Lewis MLC, George Ritcher MP, and John Verran. William Angus chaired the commission,
The commission heard evidence from 19 witnesses, including six Aboriginal people. It covered a range of topics, including employment and wages; health; education; "half-castes" (children of mixed descent); housing; freehold and leasehold land formerly held by Aborigines, various arrangements between the government and associations which worked for the benefit of Aboriginal people; and Aboriginal reserves. Opinions were heard n about the appropriate age at which children of mixed descent should be removed from their parents, with the secretary of the state Children's Council suggesting that they should be taken away as soon as they are born.
During 1913, the commissioners went to interview mission staff, board members, and Aboriginal residents at Point McLeay, Point Pearce, and Moonta missions and also took evidence from and pastoralists. The commission's progress report was handed down in October 1913 and included 26 recommendations, including that Point Pearce and Point McLeay missions be taken over by the government. During the following year, they also spoke to witnesses at Killapaninna and Koonibba Missions.
A final report was produced in October 1916. Among other recommendations, it suggested the government purchase of Koonibba and Killalpaninna missions. With regard to children being removed from their parents into the care of the state, the final report favoured what later became known as assimilation for people of mixed descent, rather than segregation.
As a result of the commission's recommendations, the government took over Point Pearce and Point McLeay missions. It also recommended that all Aboriginal children be taken under government guardianship at age 10, to be placed "where they deem best".
The commission was widely reported on by the newspapers of the day in South Australia.
# Ray Mears Goes Walkabout

Ray Mears Goes Walkabout is a 2008 survival television series hosted by Ray Mears, showing Mears in Australia.

## Synopsis

Mears journeys through the wilderness of the Australian outback to learn about the people, the wildlife, and the culture. He is joined by Australian survival experts who enrich his journey and deepen Mears' understanding of Australian bushcraft. These journeys encompass many of the themes of Mears's world discovery: the natural world, Indigenous Australian culture, adventure, and survival.
In episode 2 of the series, Mears met one of his heroes: Les Hiddins (aka "The Bush Tucker Man"), and they travel in Queensland together.

## Broadcast

The series aired from 2008 on the BBC in United Kingdom, and was also shown on Discovery Channel in Canada, India, Italy, Brazil, New Zealand, Australia, Norway, Sweden, the Netherlands, Russia, and the United States. The broadcast version uses an updated Australian-themed take on the opening theme music to Ray Mears' World of Survival.
A book of the same title was released concurrently with the series.
# Megacamelus

Megacamelus is an extinct genus of terrestrial herbivore in the family Camelidae, endemic to North America from the Miocene through Pliocene 10.3—4.9 mya, existing for approximately 5.4 million years.
This was one of the largest genera of camelid to roam the Earth together with Megatylopus, Gigantocamelus, Camelus moreli, Camelus knoblochi, Aepycamelus, and Paracamelus. It reached approximately 3.4 m (11 ft) in height.

## Taxonomy

Megacamelus was named by Frick (1929). It was assigned to Camelidae by Frick (1929) and Honey et al. (1998).

## Fossil distribution

Fossils have been found from Nebraska to Idaho to Southern California.
# Hotel Albion

Hotel Albion, established in 1906, was a hotel and historic building in Portland, Oregon, in the United States. It was best known for housing the Lotus Café, which occupied the ground floor from 1924 until its closure in August 2016. The hotel was renamed the Lotus Hotel in the 1930s or 1940s, but it closed in 1976 as a result of fire safety violations.
Designs for a 10-story office building that proposed to be constructed on the site were approved by the Portland Design Commission, a city-appointed advisory panel, in early July 2016. The plans called for demolition of the Hotel Albion, and Ankrom Moisan Architects submitted a demolition permit to the city in mid-July 2016. The Auditorium and Music Hall, located directly adjacent to the former hotel, was not proposed for demolition.
Demolition began on June 28, 2018, and was largely completed by mid-July.
# Rożniątów

Rożniątów is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Strzelce Opolskie, within Strzelce County, Opole Voivodeship, in south-western Poland.
* Church
* House
# National Museum Complex (Manila)

The National Museum Complex in Manila refers to the main or central museums of the National Museum of the Philippines in Manila, most of which are within the grounds of the Rizal Park.

## Background

The National Museum Complex is the collective designation for the central museums of the National Museum of the Philippines as per the Republic Act No. 8492. also known as the National Museum Act of 1998. It reserved the Executive House Building (also known as the Old Congress Building), the Department of Finance Building and the Department of Tourism Building along the Agrifina Circle in Rizal Park, as the permanent and exclusive site of the National Museum. The National Planetarium, also within the site of the Rizal Park and managed by the National Museum since 1975, was included in the complex by virtue of Republic Act No. 11333. The buildings named in Republic Act No. 8492 would be converted into distinct museums.
The National Museum of the Philippines, the umbrella museum institution of the government, is responsible in managing and developing the Complex.

## Features
### Institutions

| Institution | Building | Opened |
| National Museum of Fine Arts | Executive House (Congress/Legislative Building) | 2000 |
| National Museum of Anthropology | Department of Finance Building | 1998 |
| National Museum of Natural History | Department of Tourism Building (Agriculture and Commerce Building) | 2017 |
| National Planetarium | — | 1975 (now closed) |

### Monuments

* Gomburza Monument: The Gomburza Monument by Solomon Saprid, opposite the Executive Building, shall be maintained by the National Museum.
* Sentinel of Freedom (Lapu-Lapu Monument): The Sentinel of Freedom, or the Lapu-Lapu Monument by Juan Sajid Imao in the present Agrifina Circle is likewise maintained by the National Museum.