OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 1776 (book)

1776 (released in the United Kingdom as 1776: America and Britain at War) is a book written by David McCullough, published by Simon & Schuster on May 24, 2005. The work is a companion to McCullough's earlier biography of John Adams, and focuses on the events surrounding the start of the American Revolutionary War. While revolving mostly around the leadership (and often indecisiveness) of George Washington, there is also considerable attention given to King George III, William Howe, Henry Knox, and Nathanael Greene. Some Revolutionary War battles detailed in the book include the Battle of Dorchester Heights, the Battle of Long Island, and the Battle of Trenton. The activities of the Second Continental Congress and the signing of the Declaration of Independence are treated in less detail, as the focus is on military rather than political events. The book includes multiple pages of full color illustrations, including portraits and historical battlefield maps made by British engineers at the time.

## Illustrated Edition

1776: The Illustrated Edition was released on October 2, 2007. The Illustrated Edition contains 140 images and thirty-seven removable replicas of source documents. More than three dozen source documents—including a personal letter George Washington penned to Martha about his commission, a note informing the mother of a Continental Army soldier that her son has been taken prisoner, and a petition signed by Loyalists pledging their allegiance to the King—are re-created in uniquely designed envelopes throughout the book and secured with the congressional seal.
The text closely mirrors the original book, but omits or summarizes some parts deemed too long. The Illustrated Edition comes with its own protective slipcase, decorated with The Capture of the Hessians at Trenton, December 26, 1776 by John Trumbull and has a "fake watermark" of the Great Seal of the United States on the back and front. The book is plain covered in blue with the golden embossed numbers "1776".

## Reception

1776 was selected as part of the 2005 and 2006 CSAF Professional Reading Program. 1776 is also a New York Times and Amazon bestseller.
# Jupiter JVM

Jupiter JVM is an open-source Java virtual machine, which was developed as a master thesis with modularity and extensibility in mind. It uses Boehm garbage collector and GNU Classpath. The main aspects of its design can be simplified as:
* Memory locality - Objects are allocated on the heap with little or no consideration for locality. While this approach may be appropriate for uniprocessors or small-scale SMPs, it is unlikely to work well on a cluster of workstations where remote memory access is one or two orders of magnitude slower than local memory access.
* Parallel garbage collection - Garbage collection can consume a considerable amount of application time. Typically, JVMs employ "stop-the-world" garbage collectors, where program threads are halted during garbage collection. This approach will not work for large numbers of processors, for two reasons. First, the cost of "stopping the world" is considerably higher when the number of processors is large. Second, using a single thread to collect garbage results in an unacceptably large sequential fraction for any application.
* Memory consistency model - To achieve scaling performance on many processors, it is important to exploit the "relaxed" Java Memory Model. Presently no JVM implements the JMM faithfully, and indeed many implement it incorrectly, leading to lack of coherence and loss of optimization opportunities. The specification of the JMM was also revised in 2007.
* Efficient threads and synchronization - With many processors, it is critical to provide efficient threading support and synchronization mechanisms that scale well.
# Ayesha Zafar

Ayesha Zafar (born 9 September 1994) is a Pakistani cricketer who plays as a right-handed batter for Pakistan. She has also played domestic cricket for Karachi, Sindh, Saif Sports Saga and State Bank of Pakistan.
In October 2018, she was named in Pakistan's squad for the 2018 ICC Women's World Twenty20 tournament in the West Indies. In October 2021, she was named in Pakistan's team for the 2021 Women's Cricket World Cup Qualifier tournament in Zimbabwe.
# Pomposa moesta

Pomposa is a monotypic genus of phasmids belonging to the tribe Necrosciini. The only species is Pomposa moesta from Sabah.
# Scythris productella

Scythris productella is a species of moth belonging to the family Scythrididae.
It is native to Europe.
# Varjo

Varjo Technologies Oy, commonly referred to as Varjo, is a Finnish manufacturer of virtual reality, augmented reality and mixed reality headsets. The company was founded in 2016 by former Nokia and Microsoft executives. Varjo specializes in developing high-resolution devices that offer clarity comparable to the human eye.
The company's first head-mounted display, Varjo VR-1, was launched in February 2019, and it was followed by Varjo VR-2 and VR-2 Pro models in October 2019. Varjo's first mixed reality device, Varjo XR-1 Developer Edition, was released to market in December 2019. The third-generation products, Varjo XR-3 and VR-3, were launched in December 2020. The fourth-generation consumer product Varjo Aero, was released to market in 2021.
Varjo has raised $100 million in venture capital funding, as of 2020.

## History

Varjo was founded by four people in 2016 at Helsinki, Finland.

### Founders

Niko Eiden, a co-founder and Board Member at Varjo. Also, a CEO of Pixieray, Computers and Electronics Manufacturing company that specializes in optics. He studied at Helsinki University of Technology.
Klaus Melakari, co-founder and CTO. He has 20 years of experience in R&D, system design and technology. Previously Head of Computational Vision Systems at Microsoft Mobile, Distinguished architect at Nokia. Klaus holds a M.Sc. in Electrical and Electronics Engineering at University of Oulu.
Roope Rainisto, co-founder and Chief Design Officer. He has 15 years of experience in concepting and UX design. He is the Previous principal designer at Microsoft and Nokia, Head of computational vision UX at Microsoft Mobile. He is also an Inventor in 40+ patents. He has a M.Sc. in Technology, Information networks.
Urho Konttori, founder of Varjo. He is a product innovator and program manager who has over 15 years of experience in designing, engineering and managing large-scale hardware and software projects at Microsoft and Nokia. He has been responsible for scouting, evaluating and defining high consumer value innovations such as novel cameras, see-through touch-screen fingerprint and VR headset technologies in more than a dozen mobile products, resulting in over 10 patents. He has also led the development of multiple operating systems, including the Linux-based Nokia N9 and N900 OS. Urho holds a B.Sc. degree in Algorithms.

## Funding

Varjo has raised a total of $162.5M in funding over 9 rounds. Their latest funding was raised on Sep 6, 2022, from a Series D round. Those who invested in Varjo are Foxconn, EQT Ventures, Volvo, Atomico, Mirabaud, Tesi, Lifeline Ventures, European Bank, Nordic Fund, etc. Varjo's customers include industry leaders such as Aston Martin, Boeing, Lockheed Martin, Audi, Volvo Cars, Siemens.

## Products

* Aero
* VR-3
* XR-3
* XR-4
# Mikhoel Felsenbaum

Mikhoel Felzenbaum (Yiddish: מיכאל פֿעלזענבאַום, Russian: Михо́эл Фельзенба́ум; born 1951 in Vasylkiv, Ukraine, USSR) is a postmodernist Yiddish novelist, poet and playwright.
He grew up in the Bessarabian city of Florești. He studied stage directing, theatre and art history in Leningrad and, from 1969 to 1973, worked as a director in the national theater of Bălți. In the mid-1980s, he began to publish his work in the Yiddish journal Sovetish Heymland. In 1988, he founded the Jewish theater of Bălți, for which he directed a number of plays in Yiddish. He was first chairman of the city's Jewish cultural society. His plays have been discussed in a conference in Alsace
After immigrating to Israel in 1991, Felsenbaum published several volumes of poetry and prose in Yiddish, and was co-founder of the almanac, Naye Vegn. He has had work published in various Yiddish journals: Di Goldene Keyt and ToplPunkt (Israel), Di Pen (Oxford), Oyfn Shvel and Yidishe Kultur (New York). His novel, Shabesdike Shvebelekh, is one of the only postmodern works written in Yiddish, and is about to be translated into Hebrew, English, German, Russian and French. It was discussed at a conference in Oxford
Mikhoel Felzenbaum has programmes on the weekly Yiddish language series broadcast on the Reka radio station based in Israel.
Mikhoel Felzenbaum is the father of the singer Vira Lozinsky.

## Awards

A lifetime achievement award from the National Authority for Yiddish Culture for 2024
# Thomas Scott (Canadian judge)

Thomas Scott (baptised 18 October 1746 – July 29, 1824) was a judge and political figure in Upper Canada.
He was born in the parish of Kingoldrum, Angus, Scotland and studied law at Lincoln's Inn in London. He was called to the bar in 1793. In 1800, he was appointed attorney general in Upper Canada and arrived in York in 1801. He was appointed to the Executive Council for the province in 1805. He was the fourth Treasurer of the Law Society of Upper Canada from 1805 until he became Chief Justice for Upper Canada succeeding Henry Allcock and was appointed to the Executive Council in 1806.
In 1811, already suffering from ill health, Scott applied for a pension so that he could retire, but was refused. During the War of 1812, the administration sought to ensure the loyalty of its subjects by imposing martial law and, in 1814, by prosecuting those who had expressed sympathy for the enemy with treason in a series of trials at Ancaster known as the "Bloody Assize". Fifteen men were condemned to death of which eight were executed. These actions increased Scott's workload.
In 1816, Scott was finally granted a pension and retired. He was succeeded by William Dummer Powell as Chief Justice for the province. Scott died at York (Toronto) in 1824.
* Scott Township in Ontario County, Ontario, now part of Uxbridge, was named after Scott.
* Scott Street (and Scott Lane) in the St. Lawrence neighbourhood of Toronto are also named after Thomas Scott.
# Old Bolshevik (disambiguation)

Old Bolshevik (Russian: ста́рый большеви́к, stary bolshevik) was an unofficial designation for those who were members of the Bolshevik party before the Russian Revolution of 1917.
Old Bolshevik or Stary Bolshevik may also refer to:
* MV Stary Bolshevik
* Stary Bolshevik, a fictional ship from the novel Us Conductors
* Stary Bolshevik Publishers, a publishing house of the Society of Old Bolsheviks
# Frubber

Frubber (from "flesh rubber") is a patented elastic form of rubber used in robotics. The spongy elastomer has been used by Hanson Robotics for the face of its android robots, including Einstein 3 and Sophia.
# Mwana FA

Hamis Mwinjuma, also known as (MwanaFA) is a Tanzanian musician and politician. He was a member of East Coast Team, a music group composed of Tanzanian A list artists such as AY and GK.

## Career
### Music career

He is a board member of the country's National Arts Council (BASATA), and is still releasing songs and albums collaborating mostly with a former East Coast Team artist A.Y. (musician).

### Political career

Mwinjuma is a politician currently serving as a Member of Parliament representing Muheza constituency since November 2020. He was born in Muheza, Tanga Region.

### Political career

Mwana Fa turned to politics in 2020, when he decided to seek nomination for member of parliament for Muheza Constituency. In February 2023 MwanaFA was appointed by Tanzanian President Samia Suluhu Hassan As The Deputy Minister For Culture, Arts And Sports
# Ulsi Manja

Ulsi Manja (born 5 October 1973) is an Albanian politician. Since 18 September 2021, he serves as Minister of Justice of Albania in the third Rama government led by Prime Minister Edi Rama and as Member of Parliament (MP) for Tirana.

## Education and Career
### Education

Ulsi Manja graduated from the Faculty of Law at the University of Tirana in 1996. During the years 1999 to 2019 he has completed various trainings in Poland, Denmark, Italy and Germany in the fields of the rule of law, investigation of organized crime and corruption, management and control of the Prosecution system, and on the treatment of convicts in the penal system. From 2018 he holds a PhD in Criminal Law.

### Career (1996-present)

From 1996 to 2013 Ulsi Manja has served as an assistant-judge, chief prosecutor, prosecutor, and lawyer in the regions of Shkodra, Mirdita, Lezha, and Tirana. During those years Manja has simultaneously worked as a lecturer of criminal law at the University of Shkodra 'Luigj Gurakuqi', and two other Universities in Tirana. From the year 2013 forward, Manja has been serving as a Member of the Parliament with the Socialist Party. Concurrently, has also held the function of the Chairman of the Law Commission for a period of time until 2021. On September 18th, 2021, Manja was appointed as Minister of Justice by Prime Minister Edi Rama making him part of the Rama III government cabinet which was elected on 25 April 2021 in the Albanian Parliamentary election.

## Personal life

Manja is married and is the father of three children.
# Georgios Dimitriadis

Georgios Dimitriadis (Greek: Γιώργος Δημητριάδης; born June 29, 1981) is a Cypriot former swimmer, who specialized in individual medley events. He is a two-time Olympian (2000 and 2004), and a former Cypriot record holder in the 200, and 400 m individual medley (25m pool) and 400 m individual medley (50m pool)

## International career
### 2000

Dimitriadis made his official debut with Cyprus at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney, where he competed in the men's 200 m individual medley. Swimming in heat one, he picked up a fifth seed and fifty-third overall by a 4.88-second margin behind winner Andrei Pakin of Kyrgyzstan in 2:12.76.

### 2001

In 2001, Dimitriadis competed at 2001 Games of the Small States of Europe where he placed 3rd at 400 meters and 2nd at 200 meters Individual medley and 2nd at 4 X 200 freestyle relay
At the 2001 Mediterranean Games Dimitriadis competed at 400 metre individual medley placed 7th at the finals and 10th at 200 m individual medley. He also competed at 4x100 freestyle relay, where Cyprus placed 6th.

### 2002

At the 2002 FINA World Swimming Championships (25 m) in Moscow, competed at the 2nd of the 7 preliminary heats of 100 meters Individual Medley and with the time of 59.35 placed forty-third. A day before, he competed at 200 meters Individual Medley, placed fifty with the time of 2:08.75.
The same year, he participated at 2002 Commonwealth Games at 400 m Individual Medley and at 200 m Individual Medley

### 2003

In 2003 he competed at 2003 Games of the Small States of Europe where he placed 2nd at 400 meters and 3rd at 200 meters Individual Medley.
On July of the same year, participated at 2003 World Aquatics Championships in Barcelona where he competed at 200 meters Individual Medley placed fifty-first in seventy-eight competitors with the time of 2:11.87.

### 2004

At the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, Dimitriadis qualified again for the 200 m individual medley, by eclipsing a FINA B-standard entry time of 2:08.60 from the Akropolis Grand Prix in Athens. He participated in the same heat as Sydney against two other swimmers Jorge Oliver of Puerto Rico and Yevgeniy Ryzhkov of Kazakhstan. He rounded out the field to second place and forty-eighth overall by a 3.43-second margin behind Oliver with a slowest time of 2:12.27.
After 2004 Summer Olympics, Dimitriadis announced his retirement from swimming.

## College career

Dimitriadis has a Bsc in Physical education and sports Science at the University of Athens.
He specialized in Swimming with small ages, and in coaching competitive swimmers.

## Honors and awards

Dimitriadis was honored by the Cyprus Swimming Federation and by the Cyprus Ministry of Defense for his swimming achievements.
# Mandeer

Mandeer is a town and union council of Gujrat District, in the Punjab province of Pakistan. It is part of Kharian Tehsil and is located at 32°46'0N 73°50'0E with an altitude of 256 metres (843 feet).
The majority of the population belongs to the jatt . Until the late 1970s agriculture and army jobs were the main occupations for the people of the area. Agriculture is a forgotten profession nowadays. Small land holdings and insufficient irrigation sources have forced people to look for alternatives. From then on till mid-1990s Middle East was the favourite destination for the workers. But now people from Mandeer are working and living in Europe, mainly Denmark, Norway, France and UK. This make Mandeer one of the richest village of Pakistan.
# Anaolsus

Anaolsus (died 430) was a Visigothic chieftain who took part in a military campaign in 430, during the reign of Theodoric I, with the intention of capturing Arles.
The only record we have of Anaolsus' existence comes from the Chronicon of Hydatius:
   92: Per Aetium comitem, haud procul de Arelate, quaedam Gothorum manus extinguitur, Anaolso optimate eorum capto.
   92: The comitem [count] Aetius exterminated, not far from Arelate [Arles], an armed group of Goths and captured Anaolsus, their leader.
This military campaign highlights the independence of action of the Visigothic nobility, even after the foedus with Rome in 418. In fact, between this year and 439, several military actions of independent comitatus from royal power have been documented. These comitates could have been enlisted as auxiliaries in Roman armies in Aquitaine, negotiating directly with Rome.
# Rashad Jamal Salem

Rashad Jamal Salem (born January 18, 1979) is a Bahraini footballer currently playing for Al-Najma of Bahrain and the Bahrain national football team.

## National team career statistics
### Goals for Senior National Team

| # | Date | Venue | Opponent | Score | Result | Competition |
| | February 2, 2005 | Doha, Qatar | Lebanon | 2-1 | Won | Friendly |
| | January 23, 2008 | Manama, Bahrain | Syria | 1-2 | Lost | Friendly |
# Králiky

Králiky (Hungarian: Királyka) is a village and municipality in Banská Bystrica District in the Banská Bystrica Region of central Slovakia.

## History

In historical records the village was first mentioned in 1696.

## Geography

The municipality lies at an altitude of 715 metres and covers an area of 1.650 km². It had a population of 542 people on 31 December 2004.
# Dieter Matthaei

Dieter Matthaei (born 1 February 1949 in Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany) is a German radiotherapist and internist.
Matthaei studied physics and medicine at the universities of Berlin and Göttingen. In 1977, he received his doctorate from the University of Göttingen. He was from 1983 to 1987 a research associate at the Max-Planck-Institut für biophysikalische Chemie in Göttingen and is now medical specialist for internal medicine in Göttingen.
Matthaei worked at the University of Göttingen and at the Max Planck Institute for Nuclear magnetic resonance in biological systems. He was looking for a scientific development of NMR techniques based on magnetic resonance imagery. With Axel Haase and Jens Frahm he succeeded in 1985 with the invention of rapid image proceedings FLASH MRI (fast low angle shot) a revolutionary breakthrough that allows the use of MRI imaging for clinical diagnosis. It enabled the first real coherent representation of body functions.
He is the founder and editor of Magnetic Resonance Materials in Physics, Biology and Medicine (MAGMA).

## Sources

* Matthaei, Dieter; Frahm, Jens; Haase, Axel; Hanicke, Wolfgang (1985). "Regional Physiological Functions Depicted by Sequences of Rapid Magnetic Resonance Images". The Lancet. 326 (8460). Elsevier BV: 893. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(85)90158-8. ISSN 0140-6736. PMID 2864605.
* Matthaei, D; Haase, A; Frahm, J; Schuster, R; Bomsdorf, H (1985). "Chemical-Shift-Selective Magnetic-Resonance Imaging of Avascular Necrosis of the Femoral Head". The Lancet. 325 (8425). Elsevier BV: 370–371. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(85)91388-1. ISSN 0140-6736. PMID 2857422.
* Haase, A; Frahm, J; Matthaei, D; Hanicke, W; Merboldt, K.-D (1986). "FLASH imaging. Rapid NMR imaging using low flip-angle pulses". Journal of Magnetic Resonance. 67 (2). Elsevier BV: 258–266. Bibcode:1986JMagR..67..258H. doi:10.1016/0022-2364(86)90433-6. ISSN 0022-2364. (first scientific publication of FLASH)
* Frahm J, Haase A, Hänicke W, Merboldt KD, Matthaei D. Hochfrequenz-Impuls und Gradienten-Impuls-Verfahren zur Aufnahme von schnellen NMR-Tomogrammen unter Benutzung von Gradientenechos. Deutsche Patentanmeldung P 35 04 734.8 vom 12. Februar 1985
* Frahm, Jens; Haase, Axel; Matthaei, Dieter (1986). "Rapid Three-Dimensional MR Imaging Using the FLASH Technique". Journal of Computer Assisted Tomography. 10 (2). Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health): 363–368. doi:10.1097/00004728-198603000-00046. ISSN 0363-8715. PMID 3950172.
* Frahm, Jens; Haase, Axel; Matthaei, Dieter (1986). "Rapid NMR imaging of dynamic processes using the FLASII technique". Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. 3 (2). Wiley: 321–327. doi:10.1002/mrm.1910030217. ISSN 0740-3194. PMID 3713496.
# National Association for Public Health Policy

The National Association for Public Health Policy (NAPHP) was founded in 1980 by a group of past-presidents of the American Public Health Association led by Milton Terris, MD, MPH. The purpose of the Association is “to improve the health of the people of the United States by helping to develop health policy, formulating and initiating legislation to implement such policy, and supporting measures to strengthen the public health services.” It sponsors the Journal of Public Health Policy and the online journal NAPHP.ORG.
The National Association of Public Health Policy has issued policy statements to influence national health policy and the health of the people of the United States. It has pursued a program of national policy founded on the three pillars of disease prevention, adequate living standards, and quality medical care for all. By proposing guidelines for leaders at the national, state, and local level, the Association promotes a progressive agenda aimed at improving the living standards, health, and welfare of all Americans, while preserving fundamental individual rights of privacy and self-determination.
Famed epidemiologist Milton Terris served as President of NAPHP until 1993, when he was succeeded by *labor leader and insurance executive Terence E. Carroll who continues in that office. The executive offices of NAPHP are located in Reston, Virginia.
# We Could Be Astronauts

We Could Be Astronauts were a British rock band that formed in York, England, in 2009. The band consists of Robert Hughes (vocals, guitar), Simon Himsworth (guitar, backing vocals), Stuart Fletcher (bass), Paul Heaney (guitar), and Dave Hartley (drums, backing vocals).

## History

In mid-2009, Dave Hartley and Mark Meilack, both formerly of Hijak Oscar, were approached by Robert Hughes with a demo CD of four tracks. Former Idle Jack drummer Simon Himsworth and York-based guitarist Paul Heaney joined shortly after. The name We Could Be Astronauts is based on a line taken from a One Eskimo song called "Astronauts". The actual line is "We can be astronauts".
Meilack left the band to move to Brighton to form a new band in October 2011. This opened a door for Stuart Fletcher who in the past played for The Seahorses, The Yards, and Rick Witter & The Dukes. Fletcher has also done session work for Happy Mondays, Saint Etienne, The Calling.
In December 2011 the band supported Shed Seven at the O2 Academy Sheffield. They were backed by York MP Hugh Bayley in the 2012 Rock The House competition. The band made it through to the International Finals of Surface Festival 2012 and played IndigO2#indigO2 in The O2 Arena (London) on 29 September 2012.
We Could Be Astronauts have been aired on local radio stations as band of the week on Minster FM and part of the BBC introducing show on BBC Radio York.

## Discography

* We Could Be Astronauts (2012)
* Death by Mau Mau! (2018)