OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Michael White (journalist)

Michael White (born 21 October 1945) is a British journalist who was until 2016 an associate editor of The Guardian. He is the paper's former political editor.

## Early and personal life

White was raised in Wadebridge, Cornwall. He was educated at Bodmin Grammar School and then studied for a BA in history at University College London.
His son is the political adviser Sam White.

## Career

White began his career in journalism at the Reading Evening Post (1966–71) and after a spell at London's Evening Standard (1970–71) he moved to The Guardian, where he worked as a sub/feature writer (1971–74), diary writer (1974–76), political correspondent and sketchwriter (1976–84) and Washington correspondent from 1984. He became the newspaper's political editor in 1990, succeeding Ian Aitken; he relinquished the position to Patrick Wintour at the beginning of 2006. He retired from his Guardian positions in October 2016. In 2003, he was voted Print Journalist of the Year by MPs and Peers in The House/BBC Parliamentary Awards.
He is a regular commentator on the BBC, introducing newspaper reviews and commenting on everything from Newsnight to Breakfast News, BBC News Channel and Question Time. He has also appeared on BBC Radio 4, introducing a programme on political insults, Savaged by a Dead Sheep.
White retired from The Guardian in October 2016 after almost 45 years at the paper. He wrote a regular column for the Health Service Journal from 1977 to 2017.

## Political views

Despite being a Labour Party supporter, White has not always had the easiest of relationships with Labour and its leading figures. In November 1991, following the death of Mirror owner Robert Maxwell, he was involved in a physical altercation with the title's political editor Alastair Campbell, later Director of Communications for Tony Blair, over White's use of the "Cap'n Bob, Bob, Bob" refrain.
In February 2006, White detailed the changing attitudes of the Labour Party to The Guardian. He wrote that the Blair government changed its attitude to The Guardian, from hostility towards grudging friendship as the government lost "fair weather friends" on other papers. "It is no secret in the office, for example, that I think its coverage of the protracted crisis over Iraq since 2003, has not always been fair to Blair's position", he wrote. Regarding the Israel–Palestine conflict, in July 2006 he wrote that over time his sympathies are shifting back to Israel "however short-sighted and self-defeating some of its actions are".
White, in discussing media self-censorship in March 2011, said, "I have always sensed liberal, middle class ill-ease in going after stories about immigration, legal or otherwise, about welfare fraud or the less attractive tribal habits of the working class, which is more easily ignored altogether. Toffs, including royal ones, Christians, especially popes, governments of Israel, and US Republicans are more straightforward targets."
White has argued against some gay rights, including gay adoption and same-sex marriage.
# Lithos

Lithos is a glyphic sans-serif typeface designed by Carol Twombly in 1989 for Adobe Systems. Lithos is inspired by the unadorned, geometric letterforms of the engravings found on Ancient Greek public buildings. The typeface consists of only capital letters, no lowercase, and comes in five weights, without italics.
According to Twombly, Lithos only used Greek inscriptions as inspiration, making Lithos more of a modern reinterpretation than a faithful reproduction. Twombly also designed Trajan and Charlemagne based respectively on ancient Roman and Byzantine inscriptions. Those typefaces, unlike Lithos, were modeled more directly upon their historical counterparts. One example of Lithos' departure from historical accuracy is the inclusion of bold weights, which never existed in historical Greek inscriptions.

## Lithos Pro

In 2000, Adobe released the OpenType version called Lithos Pro, which included Adobe CE, Adobe Western 2, Greek character sets support, and small caps in the lowercase positions. OpenType features include alternates, case forms, proportional lining figures, small caps.

## Lithos in popular culture

Lithos was the resident typeface of MTV during the late 1980s and early 1990s.
Lithos is also used in the title typeface of the Very Short Introductions published by Oxford University Press.
Lithos is used in the California State Parks logo.
Lithos is widely used in South Park, e.g. the flag with the text "Welcome Kathie Lee" in "Weight Gain 4000", the Terrance and Phillip Show logo", etc.
Lithos is used in the Banjo-Kazooie game logo, as well as in-game HUD and signage.
Lithos is used by Sludge Metal band Crowbar for the logo on many of their albums.
# The Ultimate Stuntman

The Ultimate Stuntman is a 1990 video game developed by Codemasters and published by Camerica for the Nintendo Entertainment System (NES), featuring action game elements. The Ultimate Stuntman is one of 14 video games published by Camerica for the NES without proper licensing. The company had to create their own cartridges that would bypass Nintendo's lock-out chip and break the 10NES "code". In virtually all of Camerica's games (including The Ultimate Stuntman) there is a switch found on the reverse side of the cartridge, this allows the user to switch between NTSC and PAL compatibility.
Another unusual aspect of Camerica games released for the NES is their distinctive color cartridges. The Ultimate Stuntman, like all Codemasters games, was released as a gold cartridge in the U.S. and a black cartridge in Europe.

## Gameplay

The player is Ultimate Stuntman, a rogue mercenary who is called into duty when Jenny Aykroyd is suddenly kidnapped by Dr. Evil. Following in the footsteps of side-scrolling action games such as the Contra and Mega Man series, The Ultimate Stuntman gives the player access to a variety of levels with different concepts. A basic recurring theme in the game is the concept of three levels, a boss fight, and then a "bomb disposal". In most cases, the first level in the sequence involves Stuntman chasing down Dr. Evil in some form of vehicle such as a car, hang glider, dune buggy, etc. The second series of levels has Stuntman fighting evil on foot with the help of a firearm.
The third series of levels uses a concept where the player controls Stuntman who needs to climb a structure, similar to Crazy Climber's gameplay, but at the same time, the player acts as a sniper in Stuntman's aid by shooting down objects and creatures that threaten him while he ascends. During these levels, only one action can be conducted at any given time (i.e. the player can move Stuntman, or snipe enemies on his behalf). Once a Boss has been defeated, the player is confronted with the daunting task of disposing a bomb before the fuse has been entirely burnt. The player must use the directional pad to move the cursor from block to block keeping an eye on the number on each one. Every time the cursor moves to a certain block, the number on it decreases by one. This creates a puzzle-like scenario, where if the player makes a mistake they must reset the disposal and try again with less time. One cannot advance in the game without completing the bomb disposal in the given time.

## Music

The music by Gavin Raeburn is universally praised and coined the style and term of "bubblegum music" that was typically associated with Camerica's NES releases. The soundtrack is also known for being the only Codemasters game in which Gavin Raeburn used a 7-Bit PCM drum sample for the sample channel, as he would then make more creative use of it in his music by using a digitized synth which was sampled from a Casio CZ-101.
# Point of Departure (Wednesday Theatre)

"Point of Departure" is a 1966 Australian television film. It screened as part of Wednesday Theatre. Australian TV drama was relatively rare at the time. "Point of Departure" aired on 22 June 1966 in Sydney, on 29 June 1966 in Melbourne, and on 27 July 1966 in Brisbane.
It was one of three plays put on by the ABC to commemorate 2,500 years of Greek theatre.

## Plot

A boy and a girl meet in a small provincial town at the beginning of German occupation in World War II.

## Cast

* Ross Thompson as Orpheus
* Liza Goddard as Eurydice
* Tom Oliver
* Patricia Hill
* Raymond Westwell
* Diana Davidson
* James Condon

## Production

Ross Thompson had previously been in The Pigeon for Australian Playhouse. He and Goddard had acted in a scene together in They're a Weird Mob. Point of Departure had a cast of fifteen.

## Reception

The Sydney Morning Herald write that Ross Thompson's "sensitive and convincing acting made the best of the obvious weaknesses in the plot itself."
Filmink thought " maybe this is the sort of play that works best on stage, with its slightly fantastical nature and hopping around in time and place."
# Locomotive, Railway Carriage & Wagon Review

Locomotive, Railway Carriage & Wagon Review was a British monthly magazine covering the rail transport industry. It was first published in 1896 as Moore's Monthly Magazine. After 65 years and 807 issues, it ceased in November 1959 being incorporated into sister Ian Allan Publishing publication Trains Illustrated in January 1960 which in turn became Modern Railways in January 1962.
It primarily focused on new railway locomotives and rolling stock with a combination of news and reviews. Although with an emphasis on activities in the United Kingdom, it did cover other countries, notably the Netherlands and British Colonies.
# Sangeli

Sangeli is a village in South Konkan Region in the Indian state of Maharashtra.
It is famous for its cool environment and Girijanath Temple. The yearly festival of Girijanath falls one day before holi which is a Hindu Festival. On the Girijanath Festival, one Jackfruit tree is cut and carved in a cylinder shape, which shoulder pole is carried by the people. When they reach Girijanath Temple they remove old pole to storage, and the new pole is placed.
Sageli village is connected by a bus route from Sawantwadi in Sindhudurg district, which has better transport connectivity from nearby city like Panjim, Mumbai or Pune.
* This Sindhudurg district, Maharashtra, India location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
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# Ravensbourne railway station

Ravensbourne railway station is in the London Borough of Bromley in south London. The station adjoins Beckenham Place Park and serves the north edge of Beckenham and Shortlands.
It is 10 miles 34 chains (16.8 km) measured from London Victoria. It is in Travelcard Zone 4, and the station and all trains are operated by Thameslink.
Opened in 1892 by the London, Chatham and Dover Railway as part of their new Catford Loop line, the station retains its Victorian air of a quiet country station although its roadside booking office was rebuilt after a fire in 1988.

## Services

All services at Ravensbourne are operated by Thameslink using Class 700 EMUs.
The typical off-peak service in trains per hour is:
* 2 tph to London Blackfriars
* 2 tph to Sevenoaks via Swanley
During the peak hours, additional services between Orpington, Kentish Town and Luton call at the station. In addition, the service to London Blackfriars is extended to and from Welwyn Garden City via Finsbury Park.
| Preceding station | National Rail | National Rail | National Rail | Following station |
| Beckenham Hill | | ThameslinkCatford Loop Line | | Shortlands |
# Graphitization

Graphitization is a process of transforming a carbonaceous material, such as coal or the carbon in certain forms of iron alloys, into graphite.

## Process

The graphitization process involves a restructuring of the molecular structure of the carbon material. In the initial state, these materials can have an amorphous structure or a crystalline structure different from graphite. Graphitization generally occurs at high temperatures (up to 3,000 °C (5,430 °F)), and can be accelerated by catalysts such as iron or nickel.
When carbonaceous material is exposed to high temperatures for an extended period of time, the carbon atoms begin to rearrange and form layered crystal planes. In the structure of graphite, carbon atoms are arranged in flat hexagonal sheets that are stacked on top of each other. These crystal planes give graphite its characteristic flake structure, giving it specific properties such as good electrical and thermal conductivity, low friction and excellent lubrication.

## Interest

Graphitization can be observed in various contexts. For example, it occurs naturally during the formation of certain types of coal or graphite in the Earth's crust. It can also be artificially induced during the manufacture of specific carbon materials, such as graphite electrodes used in fuel cells, nuclear reactors or metallurgical applications.
Graphitization is of particular interest in the field of metallurgy. Some iron alloys, such as cast iron, can undergo graphitization heat treatment to improve their mechanical properties and machinability. During this process, the carbon dissolved in the iron alloy matrix separates and restructures as graphite, which gives the cast iron its specific characteristics, such as improved ductility and wear resistance.
# Mys, Roksomskoye Rural Settlement, Vashkinsky District, Vologda Oblast

Mys (Russian: Мыс) is a rural locality (a village) in Roksomskoye Rural Settlement, Vashkinsky District, Vologda Oblast, Russia. The population was 5 as of 2002.

## Geography

The distance to Lipin Bor is 25 km, to Parfenovo is 1 km. Vasyutino is the nearest rural locality.
# Дебри-ДВ

Debri-DV (Russian: Дебри-ДВ) is a Russian electronic periodical specializing in analytical information on the Far Eastern Federal District. It was registered as a media outlet in 2011 and has been operating as an electronic archive since 2006. The editorial office is located in Khabarovsk.
# Hyperbaeninae

Hyperbaeninae is a subfamily of Orthopterans, sometimes known as 'leaf-folding crickets' in the family Gryllacrididae; Hyperbaenus ensifer is the type species. The known distribution includes tropical: central and southern America, Africa and mainland Asia to Australasia.

## Tribes & Genera

Following Cadena-Castañeda's (2019) review, the Orthoptera Species File lists five tribes:

### Asarcogryllacridini

Auth.: Cadena-Castañeda, 2019 - distribution: SE Asia
* Asarcogryllacris Karny, 1937
* Dialarnaca Gorochov, 2005
* Zalarnaca Gorochov, 2005

### Capnogryllacridini

Auth.: Cadena-Castañeda, 2019 - distribution: India, SE Asia
* Borneogryllacris Karny, 1937
* Capnogryllacris Karny, 1937
* Diaphanogryllacris Karny, 1937
* Dictyogryllacris Karny, 1937
* Marthogryllacris Karny, 1937
* Ultragryllacris Gorochov & Dawwrueng, 2015
* Woznessenskia Gorochov, 2002

### Hyperbaenini

Auth.: Cadena-Castañeda, 2019 - S. America
* Dibelona Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1888
* Hyperbaenus Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1888 – type genus
* Mikrohyperbaenus Cadena-Castañeda, 2021

### Paragryllacridini

Auth.: Cadena-Castañeda, 2019 - Australia, W Africa
* Acanthogryllacris Karny, 1937
* Bothriogryllacris Rentz, 1983
* Chauliogryllacris Rentz, 1990
* Craspedogryllacris Karny, 1937
* Hadrogryllacris Karny, 1937
* Mooracra Rentz, 1990
* Paragryllacris Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1888
* Pterapotrechus Karny, 1937
* Urogryllacris Rentz, 1997

### Phryganogryllacridini

Auth.: Cadena-Castañeda, 2019 - pantropical
* Aancistroger Bey-Bienko, 1957
* Abelona Karny, 1937 - South America
* Afroepacra Griffini, 1912
* Afrogryllacris Karny, 1937
* Claudiagryllacris Cadena-Castañeda, 2019 - Madagascar
* Echidnogryllacris Griffini, 1912 - Madagascar
* Epacra Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1888 - Australia
* Glenogryllacris Karny, 1930 - New Guinea
* Heterogryllacris Karny, 1937
* Hyalogryllacris Karny, 1937
* Nullanullia Rentz, 1990
* Nunkeria Rentz, 1990
* Papuogryllacris Griffini, 1909
* Phryganogryllacris Karny, 1937 - India, SE Asia
* Pissodogryllacris Karny, 1937 - Madagascar
* Plexigryllacris Ingrisch, 2018 - New Guinea
* Psilogryllacris Karny, 1937
* Siamgryllacris Ingrisch, 2018
# Mahdi S. Hantush

DR. Mahdi S. Hantush (1921–1984) was a prominent Iraqi-born American hydrologist known for his analytical work on leaky aquifers and well hydraulics. He was the founder of the New Mexico Tech Hydrology Program. His granddaughter is Yasmin Younis, the 2018 Student Commencement Speaker at Boston University’s 185th Commencement, which went viral all over the Middle East. His Son, Mohamed Hantush, is a Civil Engineer for the Environmental Protection Agency and resides in Cincinnati Ohio

## Academic

DR. Mahdi Hantush earned his first degree as a civil engineer from American University In Beirut, Lebanon. He then moved to the United States, where he obtained an MSc. in Irrigation Engineering at UC Berkeley in 1947. He followed this up with a doctorate in civil engineering at the University of Utah under C.E. Jacob. In 1954 Hantush received a call to the New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology where he developed one of the first graduate programs in Groundwater Hydrology. He headed the New Mexico Tech Hydrology Program for over a decade, during which time it attracted students from all over the world.

## Professional

As a civil engineer, Hantush began his professional career as an irrigation engineer in Iraq. This work provided him with practical experience and an appreciation for the problems involved in the development and management of water resources.

## Honors and awards

* O.E. Meinzer Award, 1968
* New Mexico Tech has honored his memory by creating the "Mahdi Hantush Memorial Fellowship"
# Adrastus (beetle)

Adrastus is a genus of beetles belonging to the family Elateridae.
The species of this genus are found in Europe.
Species:
* Adrastus rachifer
* Adrastus pallens
# Chikrand

Chikrand is a census town in Chanditala II CD Block in Srirampore subdivision of Hooghly district in the state of West Bengal, India.

## Geography
### Location

Chikrand is located at 22°43′N 88°16′E﻿ / ﻿22.72°N 88.27°E﻿ / 22.72; 88.27.
Kharsarai, Tisa, Kapashanria, Jaykrishnapur, Purba Tajpur, Begampur, Baksa, Panchghara, Chikrand, Janai, Pairagachha, Naiti, Barijhati, Garalgachha and Krishnapur, all the census towns form a series from the northern part of Chanditala II CD Block to its southern part. The only municipality in the area, Dankuni, located outside the CD Block, occupies the south-east corner of the entire cluster.

### Urbanisation

Srirampore subdivision is the most urbanized of the subdivisions in Hooghly district. 73.13% of the population in the subdivision is urban and the rest rural. The subdivision has 6 municipalities and 34 census towns. The municipalities are: Uttarpara Kotrung Municipality, Konnagar Municipality, Serampore Municipality, Baidyabati Municipality, Rishra Municipality and Dankuni Municipality. Amongst the CD Blocks in the subdivision, Uttarapara Serampore (census towns shown in a separate map) had 76% urban population, Chanditala I 42%, Chanditala II 69% and Jangipara 7% (census towns shown in the map above). All places marked in the map are linked in the larger full screen map.

### Gram panchayat

Villages and census towns in Naiti gram panchayat are: Adan, Bankagachha, Chikrand, Danpatipur and Naiti.

## Demographics

As per 2011 Census of India Chikrand had a total population of 10,375 of which 5,311 (51%) were males and 5,064 (49%) were females. Population below 6 years was 1,038. The total number of literates in Chikrand was 7,966 (85.32% of the population over 6 years).
As of 2001 India census, Chikrand had a population of 8,352. Males constitute 52% of the population and females 48%. Chikrand has an average literacy rate of 69%, higher than the national average of 59.5%; with male literacy of 74% and female literacy of 65%. 12% of the population is under 6 years of age.

### Dankuni Urban Agglomeration

As per the 2011 census, Dankuni Urban Agglomeration includes: Dankuni (M), Purba Tajpur (CT), Kharsarai (CT), Begampur (CT), Chikrand (CT), Pairagachha (CT), Barijhati (CT), Garalgachha (CT), Krishnapur (CT), Baruipara (CT), Borai (CT), Nawapara (CT), Basai (CT), Gangadharpur (CT), Manirampur (CT), Janai (CT), Kapashanria (CT), Jaykrishnapur (CT), Tisa (CT), Baksa (CT), Panchghara (CT) and Naiti (CT).

## Transport

The nearest railway station, Janai Road railway station is 21 kilometres (13 mi) from Howrah on the Howrah-Bardhaman chord line and is a part of the Kolkata Suburban Railway system.
It is close to NH 19 (old numbering NH 2)/ Durgapur Expressway.
# Markovo, Vashkinsky District, Vologda Oblast

Markovo (Russian: Марково) is a rural locality (a village) in Andreyevskoye Rural Settlement, Vashkinsky District, Vologda Oblast, Russia. The population was 4 as of 2002.

## Geography

Markovo is located 33 km northwest of Lipin Bor (the district's administrative centre) by road. Gavrilovskaya is the nearest rural locality.
# Ghalib II al-Qu'aiti

Sultan Ghalib II bin Awadh al-Qu'aiti al-Hadhrami (born 7 January 1948) is the former sultan of the Qu'aiti State or Qu'aiti Sultanate, in modern Yemen, and the current head of the Al-Qu'aiti household. The once ruling Qu’aiti dynasty of Hadramaut was Yafa’i in origin. He reigned for less than a year, from 10 October 1966 until the monarchy was ousted by communists on 17 September 1967.
Sultan Ghalib was born in Secunderabad, Hyderabad State and is the eldest son of his predecessor, Sultan Awadh bin Saleh. His official coronation took place on 1 December 1966 followed by another two days of state celebrations. This was followed by a week of public celebrations. After his forced abdication, Ghalib married Sultana Rashid Ahmed on 7 June 1975, with whom he has one son, Prince Saleh and two daughters, Princess Fatima and Princess Muzna.
Sultan Ghalib holds an MA from the University of Oxford in Oriental Studies (Islamic History) and another in Arabian Studies from the University of Cambridge, both with honours. The Sultan graduated from Millfield School. He has been a Saudi resident since 1968, currently residing in Jeddah. He has working knowledge of seven languages including Arabic, English, French, German, Persian, Turkish and Urdu/Hindi, which supports his research of various historical periods and geographic regions.
During his later years, he has authored a number of papers and books on Islam and Arab history, including The Holy Cities, the Pilgrimage and the World of Islam (2008).

## Ancestry

Ancestors of Ghalib II al-Qu'aiti :
# Ron Brinkmann

Ron Brinkmann (born 1964), a visual effects supervisor and a founding employee of Sony Imageworks. While there he was nominated for a BAFTA Award for Best Special Visual Effects for his work on the movie Speed. He later co-founded Nothing Real, a software company that produced the digital compositing application Shake. Nothing Real was acquired in 2002 by Apple.
Brinkmann is also the author of the book The Art and Science of Digital Compositing (ISBN 0-12-133960-2).
He is a regular guest in the podcast 'This Week in Photography'.
# First Methodist Church (Douglas, Georgia)

Douglas First Methodist Church was founded in Douglas, Georgia in August 1888.

## History

The early history of Douglas First United Methodist Church was published in A Centennial History by Elizabeth Lott and others in 1988.
In May 2023, the church disaffiliated from the United Methodist Church's South Georgia Conference and joined the Global Methodist Church.