OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Vintilă Ciocâlteu

Vintilă Ciocâlteu (Romanian pronunciation:; April 12, 1890 – February 3, 1947) was a Romanian physician, researcher, professor, and author.

## Biography

He was born in Plenița, Dolj County, Romania, the son of the teacher Mihai Ciocâlteu. He attended high school in Craiova, and he graduated the Faculty of Medicine of Bucharest in 1920. Ciocâlteu distinguished himself throughout medical school and was active in the leadership of the student association. Due to his brilliant academic results, he was selected as the recipient of a Rockefeller grant to further his studies at Harvard Medical School in the United States. There, in collaboration with Otto Folin he co-developed the chemical reactive known as the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent (FCR).
He returned to Romania as a professor at the Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy in Bucharest, where he laid the foundation of the biochemistry lab. He also set up his own additional private research lab in the vacant former Royal Stables. His credentials combined with the professorial and research activity led to the prestigious nomination as Dean of the medical school.
As an author, he published two poetry volumes and is mentioned in George Călinescu’s Istoria literaturii române de la origini pîna în prezent ("History of Romanian Literature From Its Origins to Nowadays").
In 1945, at the end of World War II and the subsequent advent of the communist era, Ciocâlteu fell out of favor with the new political regime. Progressive intellectuals were not to be trusted, especially those who maintained an independent attitude and were "molded" abroad, and therefore "tainted" by western influence. Many paid with their lives and/or suffered savage years of internment as political detainees for such mistrust.
Ciocâlteu was possibly headed for a similar fate when, in 1947 in the purest Stalinist style, he was summarily and without warning "purged" from chairing the biochemistry department – his very creation and gift to generations – in front of the professorial council.
The shock and humiliation caused him to have a massive heart attack that killed him on the spot, in front of his dumbstruck and tacitly sympathetic peers. The events generated a wave of impotent revolt and frustration among the dean's real constituency – his students – that continued to hold him in their highest esteem.

## Memorial

An inscription in the Great Hall of the Faculty commemorates his legacy.
# Chirindia

Chirindia is a genus of amphisbaenians in the family Amphisbaenidae. Commonly known as pink round-headed worm lizards, species in the genus Chirindia are native to East Africa and southern Africa, from Tanzania to South Africa. They are unpigmented worm lizards with rounded heads, and extensive fusion of the head shields.

## Description

Chirindia are small and slender. For example, the holotype of C. swynnertoni is 13.5 cm (5.3 in) long, with the tail 1.4 cm (0.55 in), and the body is 3 mm (0.12 in) in diameter. They are uniformly, unpigmented flesh-coloured, tinged with purplish, and have minute teeth. They usually lack an ocular shield, and each eye is situated under the posterior part of a large fused shield, that combines the nasal, second and sometimes first upper labial, prefrontal and sometimes the ocular shield into one, so as to cover all of one side of the snout.
The pair of large shields, fused with the ocular to cover each side of the snout, combined with a small azygous rostral shield, are comparable to that of genus Placogaster of the Senegambia, but the paired ventral shields, and absence of pre-anal pores in some species distinguish them.

## Behaviour and predators

Species in the genus Chirindia burrow in loose soil and feed on termites. They are present in clay, sandy or alluvial soils, and sometimes find refuge under stones and rotten logs. They are preyed on by jackals, ratels, kingfishers and snakes, of which some, like the dwarf wolf snake (Lycophidion nanum), are specialized to prey on them.

## Species and subspecies

The genus Chirindia contains five valid species, some of which have recognized subspecies.
* Chirindia ewerbecki F. Werner, 1910 – Mbanja worm lizard
** Chirindia ewerbecki ewerbecki F. Werner, 1910
** Chirindia ewerbecki nanguruwensis (Loveridge, 1962)
* Chirindia langi V. FitzSimons, 1939 – Lang's worm lizard
** Chirindia langi langi V. FitzSimons, 1939
** Chirindia langi occidentalis Jacobsen, 1984 – Soutpansberg worm lizard
* Chirindia mpwapwaensis (Loveridge, 1932) – Mpwapwa worm lizard
* Chirindia rondoensis (Loveridge, 1941) – Nchingidi worm lizard
* Chirindia swynnertoni Boulenger, 1907 – Swynnerton's worm lizard
Nota bene: A binomial authority or trinomial authority in parentheses indicates that the species or subspecies was originally described in a genus other than Chirindia.
# Ignacio Bosque

José Ignacio Bosque Muñoz (Hellín, Albacete, 6 August 1951) is a Spanish linguist. He is a professor of Spanish Philology at the Complutense University of Madrid; a position he has held since 1982. He has been a visiting professor at the University of Utrecht, Ohio State University, the University of Leuven, Sophia University and the University of Minnesota.

## Career

He attended the Autonomous University of Madrid, where he was a student of Fernando Lázaro Carreter. He also studied semantics and pragmatics at Berkeley from 1974-1975. He is an expert on the Spanish language, from the standpoints of both traditional and generative grammar, and has given special attention to the relationship between vocabulary and syntax.
In 1999, together with Violeta Demonte, he published the Gramática Descriptiva de la Lengua Española, in three volumes. It is the most detailed work on the syntax and morphology of the Spanish language published to date. He was also the coordinator for the Nueva Gramática de la Lengua Española, published in 2009; the first such academic grammar since 1931.

## Honors and awards

* Doctor Honoris Causa at the University of Alicante, the National University of Córdoba, the University of El Salvador and the American University of Nicaragua.
* Elected to Seat t of the Real Academia Española on 4 May 1995, took up his seat on 1 June 1997.
* Elected to the Academy of Europe (2011)
* Awarded the Alfonso Reyes International Prize (2012).
His work related to proverbs has been the subject of a scholarly study.

## Selected works

* Sobre la Negación, Catedra (1980) ISBN 84-376-0251-3
* Problemas de Morfosintaxis, Universidad Complutense (1980) ISBN 84-7491-010-2
* Las Categorías Gramaticales, Sintesis (1998) ISBN 84-7738-075-9
* REDES: Diccionario Combinatorio del Español Contemporaneo (editor), Ediciones SM (2005) ISBN 84-376-0251-3
# Otto II, Margrave of Brandenburg

Otto II (after 1147 – July 4, 1205), called The Generous (German: der Freigiebige), was the third Margrave of Brandenburg from 1184 until his death.

## Life

Otto II was born into the House of Ascania as the eldest son of Otto I and Judith, a daughter of the Piast Duke of Poland Bolesław III Wrymouth. Some time after his father died, Otto II married his father's widow, Ada of Holland. But he was childless.

### Margrave of Brandenburg

After succeeding his father, he improved the defense and settlement of Brandenburg and waged campaigns against the Slavs and Canute VI of Denmark. In the winter of 1198–99 he devastated Danish-occupied Pomerania and consolidated his territorial gains in the subsequent year with a campaign that pressed to Rügen and threatened Hamburg. In 1200 and 1203, he supported the Hohenstaufen king Philip of Swabia against the Welfen Holy Roman Emperor, Otto IV.

### Succession

After his death, his half-brother Albert II inherited the margraviate.
# Stary Grodków

Stary Grodków is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Skoroszyce, within Nysa County, Opole Voivodeship, in south-western Poland. It lies approximately 6 kilometres (4 mi) north of Skoroszyce, 21 km (13 mi) north of Nysa, and 38 km (24 mi) west of the regional capital Opole.
# Molodishchevo

Molodishchevo (Russian: Молодищево) is a rural locality (a village) in Lyubomirovskoye Rural Settlement, Sheksninsky District, Vologda Oblast, Russia. The population was 9 as of 2002.

## Geography

Molodishchevo is located 37 km southeast of Sheksna (the district's administrative centre) by road. Davydovo is the nearest rural locality.
# Bjørg Tørresdal

Bjørg Tørresdal (born 24 September 1958 in Madla) is a Norwegian politician for the Christian Democratic Party.
She was elected to the Norwegian Parliament from Rogaland in 2001, and has been re-elected on one occasion. She married Inge Ryan from the Socialist Left Party in 2005.
Ahead of the 2009 election, Tørresdal declined a renomination as the Christian Democrats' second candidate from Rogaland. However, she accepted the nomination as the first candidate from Nord-Trøndelag, where she had moved to be with her husband. The election gave the Christian Democrats only 4% of the vote in Nord-Trøndelag, and she was far away from winning a seat.
# Cola Barr Craig

Cola Barr Craig (née, Barr; pen name, Benjamin H. Craig; March 17, 1861 – January 20, 1930) was an author of the American South who wrote short stories and a novel. Also a clubwoman, she served as president of several organizations including the United Daughters of the Confederacy (U.D.C.), the Memorial Association of Selma, Alabama, and United Charities of Selma.

## Early life and education

Cola Amanda Barr was born March 17, 1861, at Jackson, Hinds County, Mississippi.
She was educated at Fair Lawn Institute, Jackson, Mississippi, graduating in 1879.

## Lineage

She was the daughter of Col. James and Frances (Donnell) Barr, the former a native of New York state, who early in life moved with his parents to Jackson, Mississippi, and during the American Civil War, served in Confederate States Army, as colonel of the 10th Mississippi Infantry Regiment and was killed at Kennesaw Mountain.
She was the granddaughter of James and Margaret (Smith) Barr, of Patchogue, New York, and of William H. and Susan (Benthal) Donnell, natives of Wilson County, Tennessee, who resided at Jackson, Mississippi, for many years.
Craig was a descendent of Capt. John Donnell, of Mecklenburg County, North Carolina, known as the fighting parson during colonial times, and of John Benthal, a private in the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War. Cola's siblings were: Georgia, Samuel and James.

## Career

Craig served as president of several organizations, including the United Daughters of the Confederacy (U.D.C.), the Memorial Association of Selma, Alabama, and United Charities of Selma. She also held the position of vice-president of the Anti-Suffrage association of the U.D.C. Alongside Mrs. James S. Pinckard, Craig attempted to co-organize a branch of the Southern Women's Rejection League, but the effort was unsuccessful.
During World War I, Craig was the county chair for the State Council of Defense and chaired the Dallas County committee on food conservation and production. She played a key role in the establishment of the first hospital in Selma, which was owned by United Charities. Craig was a member of the Ossian Club, a literary organization, and served as secretary-treasurer of the "Scribblers," the first organized writers' club in Alabama.
She was a Presbyterian and Democrat.
Craig authored the novel Was She and an unpublished work titled The Contrast, along with numerous short stories and poems.

## Personal life

On June 3, 1885, in Dallas County, Alabama, she married Benjamin H. Craig. They had a son, Benjamin H. Jr. and a daughter, Cola Barr.
Cola Barr Craig made her home in Selma, Alabama, where she died January 20, 1930.

## Selected works

* Was She: A Novel (1906)
# Moorside railway station

Moorside railway station is a railway station serving the town of Wardley, Greater Manchester, England. The station stands on Moorside Road, close to the junction with Chorley Road (A6).
Moorside is a local station on the Atherton Line between Wigan and Manchester, 6+1⁄2 miles (10.5 km) north-west of Manchester Victoria, with regular Northern Trains services to them as well as Salford, Walkden, Atherton and Hindley.
It was opened in 1888 (along with the line) and, like others on the route, has a single island platform serving the two lines that pass through. When the line was quadrupled at the beginning of the 20th century, the two extra lines were laid to the south of the existing ones and were not given platforms. They were subsequently decommissioned in November 1965 and removed.
Until 6 May 1974, it was named Moorside & Wardley, becoming Moorside on that date.
Moorside is the least used station on the Atherton Line.
On 17 February 2020, the entrance and ticket office were destroyed by a fire. Police believed the fire was started deliberately.
The blaze took place weeks after the station had been refurbished. Prior to the renovation, the station had been regarded as one of the worst on the rail network, with outdated facilities.

## Facilities

The station has a ticket office at street level, which is staffed part-time (06:55 - 12:55, weekdays only). Outside these times, tickets must be purchased on the train or prior to travel. Timetable posters offer train running information. Unlike most stations, there are no digital display screens. No step-free access is available, as the only means of getting from the entrance and ticket hall to the platform is via a staircase.

## Service

Monday to Saturday daytimes, there is generally an hourly service southbound towards Manchester Victoria and northbound towards Wigan Wallgate and Kirkby. Additional trains call during the weekday peak periods.
Evenings there is an hourly service in each direction to Manchester Victoria and Wigan.
There is now an hourly service in each direction on Sundays, to Southport and Blackburn via Manchester Victoria and the Caldervale Line.
# Jorge Lavandero

Jorge Exequiel Lavandero Illanes (born 6 May 1930) is a Chilean politician who was a member of the Senate of Chile.
# Mitkino, Vologda Oblast

Mitkino (Russian: Митькино) is a rural locality (a village) in Nikolskoye Rural Settlement, Sheksninsky District, Vologda Oblast, Russia. The population was 3 as of 2002.

## Geography

Mitkino is located 10 km southwest of Sheksna (the district's administrative centre) by road. Poteryayevo is the nearest rural locality.
# Sergio Lozano (footballer)

Sergio Lozano Lluch (born 24 March 1999), is a Spanish footballer who plays as a midfielder for Levante UD.

## Club career

Born in Alzira, Valencia, Lozano graduated from the youth setup of local Villarreal CF. On 11 February 2017, he made his debut for the reserves in a 3–2 defeat against Valencia CF B. On 28 August 2017, he made his debut for the C-team in a 0–0 draw against Crevillente Deportivo.
Lozano made his first team debut for the senior team on 7 December 2017, replacing fellow debutant Manu Morlanes in the 76th minute of a 1–0 defeat against Maccabi Tel Aviv in the UEFA Europa League. He scored his first senior goal on 1 September 2019, netting the equalizer for the B's in a 2–1 away win against Hércules CF.
On 13 August 2020, Lozano was loaned to Segunda División newcomers FC Cartagena for the season. On 26 December, after featuring rarely, he was recalled by his parent club.
Lozano helped the B-side to achieve promotion to the second level in 2022, scoring a career-best nine goals in 34 appearances. He scored his first professional goal on 19 August 2022, netting his side's first in a 2–2 home draw against SD Eibar, but being sent off later in the match.
On 6 July 2023, Lozano signed a three-year contract with Levante UD also in division two.

## International career

On 24 September 2014, Lozano was called to the Spain under-16 team. In the following year, he was awarded by the Valencian Football Federation for his performance with the youth side.
# Tord Lien

Tord André Lien (born 10 September 1975 in Øksnes Municipality) is a Norwegian politician for the Progress Party and served as the Minister of Petroleum and Energy from 2013 to 2016. He was also a member of Parliament from Sør-Trøndelag from 2005 to 2013. Lien is the holder of an advanced degree in history (cand. philol.), having written his thesis on aspects of Norway's defence policy in the early 20th century.

## Political career
### Local politics

Lien was a member of the municipal council of Trondheim Municipality from 2003 to 2005.

### Parliament

He was elected to the Norwegian Parliament from Sør-Trøndelag in 2005, and was re-elected in 2009. On 30 April 2012, he announced that he wouldn’t be seeking re-election for the 2013 election.

### Minister of Petroleum and Energy

Following the Conservative faction’s victory in the 2013 election, Lien was appointed minister of petroleum and energy in Erna Solberg's Cabinet.
On 20 December 2016, he was succeeded by Terje Søviknes as minister of petroleum and energy in a cabinet reshuffle. Lien stated that he stepped down in order to take care of his family, notably that his wife had drawn the line for his job as minister. He had originally intended to stay on until at least the 2017 election.

## Other

In 1994, Lien was involved in a serious road accident and was sentenced to 40 days prison for speeding and traffic violations.

## Personal life

Lien is married to Kristin Reitstøen, with whom he has two daughters.
# Peter Webber

Peter Webber (born May 1968) is a British film and television director and producer whose debut feature film as a director was Girl with a Pearl Earring (2003). He subsequently directed Hannibal Rising (2007).

## Early life

Webber took a one-year Postgraduate Film and TV course at the University of Bristol.

## Career
### Films

Girl with a Pearl Earring, starring Scarlett Johansson and Colin Firth, marked Webber's feature film debut. The film has received numerous accolades, including three Academy Award nominations, two Golden Globe nominations, and 10 BAFTA Award nominations.
Dino De Laurentiis tapped Webber to direct Hannibal Rising. Based on Thomas Harris' book of the same name, and starring Gaspard Ulliel, Gong Li and Rhys Ifans, this prequel depicts a young Hannibal Lecter as he gradually becomes a serial killer.
Webber made his first short film, The Zebra Man, about sideshow performer Horace Ridler starring Minnie Driver.
Then, in 2012, Webber returned to the big screen with the World War II drama Emperor, starring Tommy Lee Jones.

### Television

He directed Simon Russell Beale as Franz Schubert in The Temptation of Franz Schubert and explored the counter-culture of tunnel-dwelling road protesters in Underground. His 2001 Channel 4 miniseries Men Only stirred controversy for its frank and shocking portrayal of the dark side of male sexuality. It is notable for giving early leads to Stephen Moyer of True Blood and Martin Freeman of The Hobbit.
In 2016, he directed the ITV miniseries Tutankhamun, starring Sam Neill.

### Documentary

An award-winning documentary director, Webber directed several programmes for Channel 4 about classical music including child prodigies, maestros and composers such as Richard Wagner. He also directed several popular science documentaries about a range of subjects including crash test dummies, deep sea life and phantom limbs.
In 2009, he travelled into the remote Colombian Amazon to film with the Macuna Tribe for a documentary called The Sand and the Rain.

### Producer

Webber moved to Qatar in 2008 where he took up the post of Creative Director at Qatar National Day for two years. During this time he developed their film programme. While in Qatar he also executive produced several documentary films including Sarajevo Film Festival winner For the Love of Books, which was also the recipient of a Grierson Award in 2012 for Best Historical Documentary.

## Filmography
### Films

* The Stretford Wives (2001)
* Girl with a Pearl Earring (2003)
* Hannibal Rising (2007)
* Emperor (2012)
* Earth: One Amazing Day (2017)
* Pickpockets: maestros del robo (2018)
* Inna de Yard: The Soul of Jamaica (2019)

### Television

* The Temptation of Franz Schubert (1997)
* Underground (1999)
* Men Only (2001)
* Six Feet Under (2004, TV episode "The Dare")
* Tutankhamun (2016)
* Kingdoms of Fire (2019)
# Shadow stack

In computer security, a shadow stack is a mechanism for protecting a procedure's stored return address, such as from a stack buffer overflow. The shadow stack itself is a second, separate stack that "shadows" the program call stack. In the function prologue, a function stores its return address to both the call stack and the shadow stack. In the function epilogue, a function loads the return address from both the call stack and the shadow stack, and then compares them. If the two records of the return address differ, then an attack is detected; the typical course of action is simply to terminate the program or alert system administrators about a possible intrusion attempt. A shadow stack is similar to stack canaries in that both mechanisms aim to maintain the control-flow integrity of the protected program by detecting attacks that tamper the stored return address by an attacker during an exploitation attempt.
Shadow stacks can be implemented by recompiling programs with modified prologues and epilogues, by dynamic binary rewriting techniques to achieve the same effect, or with hardware support. Unlike the call stack, which also stores local program variables, passed arguments, spilled registers and other data, the shadow stack typically just stores a second copy of a function's return address.
Shadow stacks provide more protection for return addresses than stack canaries, which rely on the secrecy of the canary value and are vulnerable to non-contiguous write attacks. Shadow stacks themselves can be protected with guard pages or with information hiding, such that an attacker would also need to locate the shadow stack to overwrite a return address stored there.
Like stack canaries, shadow stacks do not protect stack data other than return addresses, and so offer incomplete protection against security vulnerabilities that result from memory safety errors.
In 2016, Intel announced upcoming hardware support for shadow stacks with their Control-flow Enforcement Technology.
Shadow stacks face some compatibility problems. After a program throws an exception or a longjmp occurs, the return address at the top of the shadow stack will not match return address popped from the call stack. The typical solution for this problem is to pop entries from the shadow stack until a matching return address is found, and to only terminate the program when no match is found in the shadow stack.
A multithreaded program, which would have a call stack for each executing thread, would then also have a shadow stack shadowing each of the call stacks.