OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# John F. O. Bilson

John F.O. Bilson (born 1948) is a Professor of Finance and Director of the MS and Ph.D. Programs of Finance at the Illinois Institute of Technology, in Chicago. Bilson grew up in Melbourne, Australia where he attended Melbourne Grammar School. He went on to receive a Master of Economics and a Bachelor of Economics (Hons.) from Monash University, Melbourne, Australia. Bilson received his Ph.D. in International Economics from the University of Chicago in 1973.
In 2003,Bilson completed two years at the Melbourne Business School where he served as a professorial fellow. Prior to this appointment, he was the Director of the Financial Management Program at the IIT Stuart School of Business. Before joining the Stuart School, Bilson was a senior vice president at The Chicago Corporation where he established the financial futures trading group, TCC Futures Management. Other appointments include president of BetaSoft Management and vice-president of Trading Development Corporation.
As one of four scholars invited to speak at the European Summer School in Econometrics in Bologna, Italy in June 1999, Bilson presented one week of lectures about investment, trading, and risk management. The conference, sponsored by the Inter-University Center for Econometrics, invited doctoral students at European universities to learn about current research in financial econometrics from top US faculty members.
Bilson has presented various seminars, covering topics such as "Parsimonious Value at Risk for Fixed Income Portfolios," at the University of Venice, "The Non-Linear Dynamics of the Exchange Rate," at the Center for International Monetary and Banking Studies in Geneva, Switzerland, and "Value at Risk Models," in New York City.
Additional appointments include Northwestern University, the University of Chicago, Stanford Graduate School of Business, the Hoover Institution on War, Revolution, and Peace. He served as a member of the research department of the International Monetary Fund and later as a research associate of the National Bureau of Economic Research.
Bilson is the editor (with Richard C. Marston) of Exchange Rate Theory and Practice (1984, University of Chicago Press). He has published over thirty articles in the areas of international finance, international economics, and risk management.
# Stepachyovo, Ustyuzhensky District, Vologda Oblast

Stepachyovo (Russian: Степачёво) is a rural locality (a village) in Zalesskoye Rural Settlement, Ustyuzhensky District, Vologda Oblast, Russia. The population was 258 as of 2002. There are 5 streets.

## Geography

Stepachyovo is located 14 km (8.7 mi) southwest of Ustyuzhna (the district's administrative centre) by road. Kvashnino is the nearest rural locality.
# Dancer (software)

Dancer is an open source lightweight web application framework written in Perl and inspired by Ruby's Sinatra.
In April 2011, Dancer was rewritten from scratch and released as Dancer2. The reason for the rewrite was to fix architectural issues and eliminate the use of singletons. Development of Dancer1 was at first frozen, but was later continued to maintain backward compatibility for existing apps.
Dancer is developed through GitHub, with stable releases available via CPAN. Dancer2 is released as a separate module.

## Features
### Out-of-box

Unlike other frameworks such as Catalyst, Dancer only requires a handful of CPAN modules and is very self-contained.

### Standalone development server

Dancer includes a standalone development server that can be used for developing and testing applications.

### PSGI / Plack support

Dancer supports the PSGI specification, and can thus be run on any compliant PSGI server, including Plack, uWSGI or Mongrel 2.

### Abstracted

Since most parts of Dancer are abstracted and has a plugin architecture, extending Dancer is fairly straightforward, and a thriving community has sprung up around building these extensions.
Dancer features a lightweight object system, exception throwing similar to Try::Tiny, and is fast, especially in CGI environments.
# Cercidoideae

Cercidoideae is a subfamily in the pea family, Fabaceae. Well-known members include Cercis (redbuds), including species widely cultivated as ornamental trees in the United States and Europe, Bauhinia, widely cultivated as an ornamental tree in tropical Asia, and Tylosema , a semi-woody genus of Africa. The subfamily occupies a basal position within the Fabaceae and is supported as monophyletic in many molecular phylogenies. At the 6th International Legume Conference, the Legume Phylogeny Working Group proposed elevating the tribe Cercidae to the level of subfamily within the Leguminosae (Fabaceae). The consensus agreed to the change, which was fully implemented in 2017. It has the following clade-based definition:
   The most inclusive crown clade containing Cercis canadensis L. and Bauhinia divaricata L. but not Poeppigia procera C.Presl, Duparquetia orchidacea Baill., or Bobgunnia fistuloides (Harms) J.H.Kirkbr. & Wiersema.
Many genera show unique palynology.

## Genera

Cercidoideae comprises the following genera organized into tribes:

### Cercideae

* Adenolobus (Harv. ex Benth. & Hook.f.) Torre & Hillc.
* Cercis L.
* Griffonia Baill.

### Bauhinieae

* Barklya F. Muell.
* Bauhinia L.
* Brenierea Humbert
* Cheniella R.Clark & Mackinder
* Gigasiphon Drake
* Lasiobema (Korth.) Miq.
* Lysiphyllum (Benth.) deWit
* Phanera Lour.
* Piliostigma Hochst.
* Schnella Raddi
* Tournaya A.Schmitz
* Tylosema (Schweinf.) Torre & Hillc.

### Extinct

* †Bauhcis Calvillo-Canadell and Cevallos-Ferriz

## Phylogeny

Molecular phylogenetics suggest the following relationships:
# Enveri

Enveri (d. 1512?) was a 15th-century Ottoman Albanian poet and historian. He wrote a famous manuscript on Ottoman history named Dusturname, the Constitutional Book (for Ottoman History). His work consists of 3730 verses and is based on three parts: the first is a universal Muslim history about the Spread of Islam, the second, which he is famous for, about the Kayi tribe, and the third (842 verses) about the Ottomans. Not much is known about his personal life.
# Rod Myers

Roderick Demond Myers (born January 14, 1973) is a former professional outfielder. He played in parts of two seasons in the Major League Baseball (MLB), 1996 and 1997, for the Kansas City Royals. He currently owns KC Elite Athletics consulting and training.

## Sources

* Career statistics from Baseball Reference, or Baseball Reference (Minors)
* This biographical article relating to an American baseball outfielder born in the 1970s is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Holden (given name)

Holden is the given name of:

## People

* Holden Bowler (1912–2001), American athlete, singer and businessman
* Holden Furber (1903–1993), American historian and professor
* Holden Karnofsky, American nonprofit executive
* Holden C. Richardson (1878–1960), pioneer in U.S. naval aviation
* Holden Roberto (1923–2007), founder and leader of the National Liberation Front of Angola
* Holden Staes (born 2003), American football player
* Holden Thorp (born 1964), American chemist, inventor, musician, professor, and entrepreneur
* Holden Trent (1999–2024), American soccer player

## Fictional characters

* Holden Carver, the main character in the DC Comics/Wildstorm comic book series Sleeper
* Holden Caulfield, the main character in J. D. Salinger's novel The Catcher in the Rye
* Holden Ford, a main character in the TV series Mindhunter
* Holden Matthews, the main character in the TV series Beyond
* Holden McNeil, played by Ben Affleck in three films: Chasing Amy, Jay and Silent Bob Strike Back, and Jay and Silent Bob Reboot
* Holden Snyder, from the soap opera As the World Turns
* Holden, aka Space Cop, the main character of the 2016 science-fiction action comedy film Space Cop
# Zeng Siyu

Zeng Siyu (Chinese: 曾思玉; 2 February 1911 – December 31, 2012) was a People's Liberation Army lieutenant general and People's Republic of China politician. He was born in Xinfeng County, Jiangxi Province. He was a veteran of the Second Sino-Japanese War and the Chinese Civil War. He was Chinese Communist Party Committee Secretary and Governor of Hubei Province.
| Preceded byZhang Tixue | Communist Party Chief and Governor of Hubei | Succeeded byZhao Xinchu |
* This biographical article related to the military of China is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Barum (company)

Continental Barum (formerly just Barum) is a manufacturer of rubber tyres based in the Czech Republic under the Barum brand.

## History

The Barum tyre company was created as a subsidiary of Bata Shoes who made rubber soled boots in Czechoslovakia. The high cost of rail transport prompted the Bata company to operate its own fleet of vehicles to transport goods by road and in 1934, to counteract the high costs involved in importing tyres for its fleet of vehicles, the company decided to produce tyres for its own use. In 1948, the three major rubber-producing companies in Czechoslovakia were merged — Bata in Zlín, Rubena (ex-Kudrnáč) in Náchod and Mitas (Michelin + Veritas) in Hrádek nad Nisou. The Bata family lost control of the company, which was seized by the state and the Barum company was created.
In 1966 the construction of a brand new manufacturing facility commenced in Otrokovice and the following year the first radial tyre was produced at the factory in Zlin. The factory was named Rudý říjen (Red October) in 1953, after the October 1917 revolution in Russia.
In 1972 Tyre manufacture ceased in Zlin when a new plant was built in Otrokovice.
In 1983, Barum sponsored rally competitions for the first time. At that time, no one imagined that these races would become an important event in the world motorsport calendar. Today, Barum Czech Rally Zlin is one of the stages of the European Rally Championship. Also, for many years, Barum has supported racing on historic rally cars Star Rally Historic.
In 1992 a joint venture agreement was signed with Continental AG.
# Beals v Saldanha

Beals v Saldanha, [2003] 3 S.C.R. 416, 2003 SCC 72 is a leading Supreme Court of Canada decision on the conflict of laws, where the Court established the requirements to enforce foreign judgments in Canada. The Court held that foreign judgments were enforceable in Canada where there was a "real and substantial connection" between the foreign jurisdiction and the subject matter giving rise to the claim.

## Background

Geoffrey and Leueen Saldanha and Dominic Thivy were residents of Ontario and sold lots they owned in Florida to Frederick and Patricia Beals. Beals brought an action against Saldanha and Thivy when it was discovered that the defendants did not actually own the property they sold. A defence was filed with the Court but did nothing afterwards and defaulted. A jury awarded Beals $260,000 in damages.
Thivy and Saldanha were informed by a lawyer in Ontario that the judgment could not be enforced and so they did nothing.
Soon Beals brought an action in Ontario to enforce the judgment, which had grown to $800,000 with interest.
At trial the judgment was denied on the basis that the damages had been improperly assessed. On Appeal the Court allowed the foreign judgment.
The issue before the Supreme Court was whether a judgment issued by a Court in Florida could be enforced in Ontario, and whether the defendant could seek refuge under section 7 of the Charter.

## Reasons of the court

In a six to three decision, the Court found that the judgment was enforceable. The Court applied the "real and substantial connection" test from the earlier decision of Morguard v. De Savoye to the international context. The test requires the Court to consider whether the subject-matter of the suit or the person involved had a "real and substantial" connection with the country. The Court noted, however, that judgments with sufficient connection will not be enforced if they are contrary to Canadian public policy, contrary to natural justice, or obtained through fraud.

## Dissent

Justice LeBel, in dissent, argued for a strengthening of the available defences. He noted that the result in this case was overly harsh and unfair by imposing an 800,000 judgment on an 8,000 property due to essentially bad luck. He proposed that the real and substantial connection test be modified in the international context to reflect the added hardships imposed on litigating in a foreign country.
In his view, the defences of fraud and natural justice should be broadened in international matters and an additional residual category should be allowed for injustices that do not easily fit into the main categories using what lower court called a "judicial sniff test".
LeBel pointed to a number of examples such as the Hague Conference on foreign judgments had proposed to grant domestic judges to lower foreign punitive damages. and the Loewen case, where a Mississippi jury awarded 500 million in damages against a BC company for anti-competitive practices.
# Christopher X. Brodeur

Christopher X. Brodeur is an artist, writer, and musician. Brodeur has been acquitted and found not guilty after being arrested and spending time in jail for harassing members of New York City's mayor's press office staff. He ran for mayor of New York City in 2001, after losing to Julia Willebrand in the Green Party primary, and in 2005 he won 4% in the Democratic Party primary.
# William Maclellan

Sir William MacLellan, son of Patrick MacLellan of Bombie and Margaret Of Lennox was the Husband of Lady Marion Carlyle.
When his father was murdered in 1452, William along with other members of his clan in revenge ransacked land owned by William Douglas, 8th Earl of Douglas but their plundering was punished in defiance of all law and justice, for which king James II outlawed and forbid. As a result of their outburst, the estate of Bombie was taken from the Maclellan clan thereupon annexed to the crown. The Maclellans despite their grievance with the King over Bombie where ever faithful to the crown during this time were among the beneficiaries of the redistribution of wealth and titles and would receive key positions in the years that would follow.
William is best known for dispatching Black Morrow, sometimes referred to as Black Murray, an outlaw who was terrorizing the area that prompted James II of Scotland to promise the Barony to Kirkcudbright to the Maclellan family should William capture the man’s body, dead or alive.
Hoping to restore honor and favor to their clan. William gathered his followers and defeated the band of marauders, carrying the beheaded head of their leader Black Murray on the end of his sword to King James to prove the success of what was asked. The King in his delight commended William for his deed but whether purposely or not forgot to mention the reward that was promised.
Enraged, William took off his gauntlet and threw it at the King’s feet whilst shaking his fist he beseeched the king to "Think on!" and not to forget his proclamation. Subsequently, William Maclellan was Knighted, the borough of Kirkcudbright was made Royal Burgh, and Sir William became its first Provost.
The crest which the new provost was an erect right arm grasping a dagger, on the point of which was Black Morrow's head. The motto of the MacLellan Clan has forevermore been "Think On!"
He would later serve the Kings successor James III of Scotland.
# Sid Bradley

Sid (Sidney Arthur James) Bradley (born 1936) is an academic, author and specialist in Anglo-Saxon literature.
In his best known publication, Anglo-Saxon Poetry, Bradley has translated into modern English prose virtually the entire corpus of extant Anglo-Saxon poetry. Bradley studied Anglo-Saxon at University College, Oxford, and subsequently taught it at King's College London then in the University of York where he became a Professor of English and Related Literature. From 1990 he was seconded to the Centre for Grundtvig Studies in the Theology Faculty of the University of Aarhus, Denmark, as a Research and Teaching Associate, during which period he published articles on N. F. S. Grundtvig (1783-1872) exploring the nature of Grundtvig's indebtedness to Anglo-Saxon literature and culture. He continues to write on this subject, most recently in Grundtvig-Studier 2016, in a collaborative discussion (with Professor K. E. Bugge) of Grundtvig's treatment of the topic of Christ's Descent into Hell. Bradley also served for some years as an editor of the annual journal Grundtvig-Studier, and prepared a major work on biographical texts relating to Grundtvig. His publications have also touched on medieval Danish historiography, Danish ballads, English medieval literature, iconography and literature in the English post-Conquest period, archaeology, 17th-century Danish and English political tracts, and English 18th-century bawdy songs. Since retirement he has served as Chairman of the Trustees of the Friends of St Gregory's Minster in Kirkdale, North Yorkshire, promoting the preservation and interests of this distinguished Anglo-Saxon church. He is currently a member of the editorial committee of the twice-yearly magazine of the Confederation of Scandinavian Societies, for which journal he also writes.

## Publications

S. A. J. Bradley's publications include:
* Anglo-Saxon Poetry. An anthology of Old English poems in prose translation (editor, translator). London 1982 (and reprints).
* The Danish Version of Mandeville's Travels in 16th-century Epitome (editor, translator). Lampeter 1998.
* N.F.S.Grundtvig's Transcriptions of The Exeter Book: An Analysis. Copenhagen 1998.
* Grundtvig in International Context: Studies in the Creativity of Interaction by A. M. Allchin (editor), S. A. J. Bradley (editor), N. A. Hjelm (editor), J. H. Schjørring (editor). Aarhus 2000.
* N. F. S. Grundtvig. A Life Recalled. An Anthology of Biographical Source-Texts (editor, translator). Aarhus 2008
* Numerous articles especially on Grundtvig and Anglo-Saxon culture in the annual journal Grundtvig-Studier.
# Swissair Asia

Swissair Asia AG was a subsidiary of Swissair founded due to the legal status of the Republic of China (Taiwan) and territory disputes with the People's Republic of China in order to allow Swissair to continue flying to Taiwan from Switzerland.

## History

Swissair Asia was formed to serve Taipei, Taiwan, within the Republic of China, while Swissair maintained service to the People's Republic of China. It began operating a twice-weekly service between Zürich and Taipei via Bangkok on 7 April 1995. The airline ceased operations when the parent company Swissair went bankrupt in 2001.

## Livery

The aircraft used by Swissair Asia had the Chinese character "瑞" (ruì, which means from the Chinese character for "propitious" or "lucky" and phonetic (in southern languages) translation of Switzerland, "瑞士" (Ruìshì), on the tail fin instead of the Swiss cross. The kanji character was designed by the Basel-based Japanese calligrapher Sanae Sakamoto (坂本 早苗, Sakamoto Sanae).

## Destinations
### Asia

* Thailand
** Bangkok – Don Mueang International Airport (Stop-over)
* Republic of China (Taiwan)
** Taipei – Chiang Kai-shek International Airport (Focus city)

### Europe

* Switzerland
** Zurich – Zurich Airport (Focus city)

## Fleet

Swissair Asia operated the following aircraft:
Swissair Asia Fleet :
| Aircraft | In service | Orders | Passengers | Passengers | Passengers | Passengers | Notes |
| Aircraft | In service | Orders | F | C | Y | Total | Notes |
| McDonnell Douglas MD-11 | 2 | — | 12 | 49 | 180 | 241 |
| Total | 2 | — | | | | | |
# Northern Air Command Support Flight (JASDF)

The Northern Air Command Support Flight (北部航空方面隊支援飛行班, hokubu-kōkūhōmentai-shien-hikō-han) is a unit of the Japan Air Self-Defense Force based at Misawa Air Base in Aomori Prefecture. Under the authority of the Northern Air Defense Force, the flight operates Kawasaki T-4 aircraft.
# Cathia Jenainati

Cathia Jenainati is a feminist author. She was a Full Professor in English and Comparative Studies at the University of Warwick. She also served as the Dean of the School of Arts and Sciences at the Lebanese American University (LAU) from 2019-2023. During her time at Warwick, she founded the School for Cross-faculty Studies, which comprises three divisions: the Liberal Arts division, the Global Sustainable Development division, and the Institute of Global Sustainable Development.

## Early life and education

Jenainati earned her Bachelor of Science and Master's degree from the American University of Beirut (AUB) before enrolling at the University of Warwick for her PhD. She also earned a Bachelor of Arts degree from Lebanese American University in English Literature.

## Career

Upon receiving her PhD, Jenainati joined the faculty of English and Comparative Literary Studies at the University of Warwick. During her tenure at the university, she founded the School for Cross-faculty Studies, including the Global Sustainable Development and Liberal Arts divisions, and founded the Institute for Global Sustainable Development. Prior to leaving the institution, she was appointed a Founding Fellow of the Warwick International Higher Education Academy from 2015 until 2018 and was nominated for their Inspirational Leadership Award. Jenainati also sits on various boards including chairing the UK’s Interdisciplinary Group and the International Advisory Board for the Dean and Management of AUB which meets once a year in Amsterdam.
In 2019, Jenainati published Introducing Feminism: A Graphic Guide with illustrations from Judy Groves.
# Podalyrieae

The tribe Podalyrieae is one of the subdivisions of the plant family Fabaceae.

## Description

The Podalyrieae arose 30.5 ± 2.6 million years ago (in the Oligocene) in the fynbos (Cape Floristic Region) of South Africa and is still mostly found there. All members of the tribe exhibit either nonsprouting or sprouting fire survival strategies. Many species are pollinated by insects, especially carpenter bees, while others are pollinated by sunbirds or rodents.
The members of this tribe consistently form a monophyletic clade in molecular phylogenetic analyses. The tribe does not currently have a node-based definition, but several morphological synapomorphies have been identified:
   "imparipinnately compound leaves, axillary racemose inflorescences, carboxylic acid esters of quinolizidine alkaloids, and the isoflavone 3′-hydroxydaidzein as a major seed flavonoid" as well as "strongly reduced or absent bracteoles and the occurrence of persistent antipodals in the female gametophyte."

## Subtribes and genera
### Subtribe Xiphothecinae

* Amphithalea Eckl. & Zeyh.
* Xiphotheca Eckl. & Zeyh.

### Subtribe Podalyriinae

* Calpurnia E. Mey.
* Liparia L.
* Podalyria Willd.
* Stirtonanthus B.-E. van Wyk & A. L. Schutte
* Virgilia Poir.

### Unassigned

* Cadia Forssk.
* Cyclopia Vent.
# Royal Mile police box

The Royal Mile Police Box, located on the Royal Mile in the City of Edinburgh, is the most valuable police box in the United Kingdom, and one of the most expensive pieces of real estate in Europe per square foot.

## Design

The police box (along with others in Edinburgh) was designed by City Architect Ebenezer MacRae, and manufactured by Carron Ironworks in Falkirk. The new network of police boxes was formally commissioned by the Chief Constable and other dignitaries in 1933. All of the MacRae police boxes featured klaxons and blue flashing lights to alert constables to an incoming message, but the Royal Mile box uniquely featured a "sky lantern", a remote blue lamp mounted at high level on the street corner of North Bridge and Royal Mile, so as to attract attention across a wider area.

## Disposal

Following a general sale of all police boxes (with just one exception) by Police Scotland, the Royal Mile box was purchased in 2012 by entrepreneur Kit Fraser for £102,000, and has since been converted into a ticket booth operated by City of Edinburgh Tours.