OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Paul Le Mesurier

Paul Le Mesurier (23 February 1755 – 9 December 1805) was a Guernsey-born merchant, ship-owner, director of the East India Company, a Member of Parliament, an Alderman of London, and the Lord Mayor of London (1793–94).

## Life and career

Le Mesurier was born the son of John Le Mesurier, the hereditary Governor of Alderney. In 1776 he went into partnership with his wife's uncle, Noah Le Cras, a London merchant. During the American War of Independence the firm had a very profitable business as prize agents. He was made an Alderman of the city in 1784 and served as Sheriff of London for 1786.
Le Mesurier was an insurance broker and underwriter at Lloyd's of London. He was a shipowner with at least one vessel that was involved in South Seas whaling.
In 1784, he was elected a director of the East India Company for the first time, and then re-elected in 1789, 1794, 1799 and 1804, each time serving for the conventional 3 years, except in the last case which was terminated by his death.
Le Mesurier was also elected in 1784 to represent Southwark in the British Parliament, retaining the seat until 1796. He was chosen in 1793 to serve as Lord Mayor of London for the following Mayoral year.
He was a Colonel in the Honourable Artillery Company from 1795 till hs death.
Le Mesurier died in 1805 at his home in Upper Homerton, Middlesex. He had married Margaret, the daughter of Isaac Roberdeau of Spitalfields, and had a son and 3 daughters.
# K18

K18 may refer to:
* K-18 (Kansas highway)
* Keratin 18
* Symphony No. 3 (Mozart), once attributed to Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
* Soviet submarine K-222, originally designated K-18
# Backscratcher

A backscratcher (occasionally known as a scratch-back) is a tool used for relieving an itch in an area that cannot easily be reached just by one's own hands, the acnestis, typically the back.

## Composition and variation

They are generally long, slender, rod-shaped tools good for scratching one's back, with a knob on one end for holding and a rake-like device, sometimes in the form of a human hand, on the other end to perform the actual scratching. Many others are shaped like horse hooves or claws, or are retractable to reach further down the back. Though a backscratcher could feasibly be fashioned from most materials, most modern backscratchers are made of plastic, though examples can be found made of wood, whalebone, tortoiseshell, horn, cane, bamboo, ivory, baleen, and in some cases in history, narwhal tusks, due to the status afforded by relieving itches with a supposed unicorn horn (an example of conspicuous consumption).
Backscratchers vary in length between 12 and 24 inches (30 and 61 cm).

## History

The Inuit carved backscratchers from whale teeth. Backscratchers were also observed to have developed separately in many other areas, such as ancient China, where Chinese farmers occasionally used backscratchers as a tool to check livestock for fleas and ticks. In recent history backscratchers were also employed as a kind of rake to keep in order the huge "heads" of powdered hair worn by ladies in the 18th and 19th centuries.
In the past, backscratchers were often highly decorated, and hung from the waist as accessories, with the more elaborate examples being silver-mounted, or in rare instances with an ivory carved hand with rings on its fingers. The scratching hand was sometimes replaced by a rake or a bird's talon. Generally, the hand could represent either a left or right hand, but the Chinese variety usually bore a right hand.
Although not specifically used for only back scratching, young Chiricahua men in training and women going through a puberty ritual traditionally had to use a ceremonial wooden scratcher made from a fruit-bearing tree instead of scratching with their fingernails or hands. Young men who did not use the scratcher for scratching were reported to develop skin that was too soft.
# Winów

Winów (German: Winau) is a neighbourhood of Opole in Opole Voivodeship, in southern Poland, located in the southern part of the city.
Before 2017 it was a part of Gmina Prószków.
The name of the district is of Polish origin and comes from the word wino, which means "wine".

## Notable people

* Alojzy Liguda (1898–1942), Polish Catholic priest murdered in the Dachau concentration camp, Blessed of the Catholic Church
# Wojszyn, Opole Voivodeship

Wojszyn is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Murów, within Opole County, Opole Voivodeship, in south-western Poland.
# Woskowice Górne

Woskowice Górne is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Domaszowice, within Namysłów County, Opole Voivodeship, in south-western Poland. It lies approximately 14 kilometres (9 mi) east of Namysłów and 49 km (30 mi) north of the regional capital Opole.
# Wołczyn

Wołczyn (German: Konstadt) is a town in Kluczbork County, Opole Voivodeship, southern Poland, with 5,907 inhabitants as of 2019. According to 2011 data, it covers 7.47 square kilometres (2.88 square miles), and is the seat of Gmina Wołczyn. It is located within the historic region of Lower Silesia.

## History

The name of the town is derived from the Polish word wół, which means "ox". In the early 14th-century Liber fundationis episcopatus Vratislaviensis the town appeared under the Latinized name Welczyn. The town was probably founded on the site of a former Slavic settlement. It was granted town rights in 1261. It was part of various duchies of fragmented Poland. Until 1294 it was part of the Duchy of Wrocław, afterwards the Duchy of Głogów until 1312, Duchy of Namysłów until 1320, Duchy of Oleśnica until 1343, Duchy of Brzeg until 1436 and afterwards the Duchy of Oleśnica again. It remained under the rule of the Piast dynasty until 1495, and afterwards, for about 300 years, the town was owned by the magnate Posadowski family, under the suzerainty of the Jagiellonian-ruled Bohemian (Czech) Kingdom until 1526, when the Habsburgs inherited the Bohemian Crown.
The town was located on a trade route connecting Kraków and Wrocław. The population made a living from agriculture, crafts and trade. Five annual fairs were held in Wołczyn, and crops and handicrafts were sold to customers not only from Silesia, but also from neighboring Greater Poland. In the 15th century the Czech Hussites and in the 17th century Polish Brethren settled in Wołczyn. In the 16th century, a municipal school known for its high level of education was established there, and in the 18th and early 19th centuries there was a well-known proseminar for Polish Lutherans, later moved to Kluczbork.
In 1742 the town was annexed by the Kingdom of Prussia. On 1 October 1868, the town was connected to a railway line. By 1907 Wołczyn had a water supply network. In the final stages of World War II, on 19 January 1945, a German-organized death march of Allied prisoners of war from the Stalag Luft 7 POW camp passed through the town. From 19 to 21 January 1945, fights were fought for the town between Nazi Germany and the Soviets. As a result, 40% of the town's buildings were in ruins. At the end of the war, the German population of the town was expelled in accordance with the Potsdam Agreement, and the town became again part of Poland. The remaining Poles were joined by Poles displaced from former eastern Poland annexed by the Soviet Union.
Since 1994, the town has hosted an annual "Spotkania Młodych" (Meeting of Youth). It is organized by the Order of Friars Minor Capuchin.

## Twin towns – sister cities

See twin towns of Gmina Wołczyn.
# Wysoka, Olesno County

Wysoka is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Olesno, within Olesno County, Opole Voivodeship, in southern Poland. It lies approximately 5 kilometres (3 mi) south of Olesno and 40 km (25 mi) north-east of the regional capital Opole.
The name of the village is of Polish origin and comes from the word wysoka, which means "high", referring to the elevation of the village.
# Wędrynia

Wędrynia is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Lasowice Wielkie, within Kluczbork County, Opole Voivodeship, in south-western Poland. It lies approximately 15 kilometres (9 mi) south-east of Kluczbork and 35 km (22 mi) north-east of the regional capital Opole.

## People

* Valeska Bethusy-Huc (1849–1926), German writer
# Zabierzów, Opole Voivodeship

Zabierzów is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Walce, within Krapkowice County, Opole Voivodeship, in south-western Poland. It lies approximately 3 kilometres (2 mi) north-west of Walce, 10 km (6 mi) south of Krapkowice, and 32 km (20 mi) south of the regional capital Opole. Historically located in Upper Silesia, in the Prudnik Land.
# Zakrzów, Krapkowice County

Zakrzów is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Gogolin, within Krapkowice County, Opole Voivodeship, in southern Poland.

## History

The oldest known mention of Zakrzów dates back to the 14th century. Its name is of Polish origin and means "za krzem" ("behind the bush").
Before 1945 the area was part of Germany. During World War II, the Germans established and operated two forced labour camps for Jews, both men and women, in the village, and two labour camps (E93 and E435) of the Stalag VIII-B/344 prisoner-of-war camp for Allied POWs.
# Fishbowl

A fish bowl is a container for fish.
Fishbowl may also refer to:

## Arts and media
### Music

* "Fishbowl", a song on the album Mythologies, by Rhett Miller
* "Fishbowl", a song on the album Very Proud of Ya, by AFI
* "Fishbowl", a song on the album In the Meantime, by Alessia Cara
* "Fish Bowl", a song on the album Bonito Generation, by Kero Kero Bonito

### Television

* "My Fishbowl", an episode of the television show Scrubs
* Amazon Fishbowl, a talk show on Amazon.com hosted by comedian Bill Maher

## Places

* Shaw Park, in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
* Del Rio, Florida, a community in the United States
* The "Pesciara" of Monte Bolca, a site famous for fish fossils near Verona, Italy

## Technology

* Fishbowl (secure phone), developed by the US National Security Agency
* Operation Fishbowl, a US nuclear weapon test series
* The "fishbowl helmet" of the Apollo/Skylab A7L spacesuit

## Vehicles

* AMC Pacer, automobile with large curved glass surfaces, nicknamed "Flying Fishbowl"
* British Rail Class 332 and Class 333 trains
* GM New Look bus, a model of transit bus

## Other uses

* Fishbowl (conversation), a debate format
* An alternative name for Celebrity (game)
# Zawadzkie

Zawadzkie (German: Zawadzki, 1936–1945 Andreashütte; Silesian: Zawadzke) is a town in Strzelce County, Opole Voivodeship, Poland, with 7,135 inhabitants (2019). In this area are located two villages: Kielcza, Żędowice.

## Twin towns – sister cities

See twin towns of Gmina Zawadzkie.
# Les Casablancais

Les Casablancais (English: People of Casablanca, Moroccan Arabic: Bidaoua) is a 1999 drama film directed by Abdelkader Lagtaâ. It was screened at multiple national film festivals and several international ones, including the 1999 Berlin International Film Festival.

## Synopsis

A polyphonic portrait of the city of Casablanca through the intersecting itineraries of three characters: a bookseller who receives an unexpected correspondence that forces him to question himself deeply, a young teacher whose application for a passport triggers an absurd investigation, and a teenager who, because of a misunderstanding with his fundamentalist teacher, becomes the victim of a manipulation with tragic consequences.

## Cast

* Abdelaziz Saâdallah
* Khadija Assad
* Karina Aktouf
* Salaheddine Benmoussa
* Nourredine Bikr
* Omar Sayed
* Saïda Baadi
* Mohamed Benbrahim
* Amine Kably
# Zawiszyce

Zawiszyce is a village located in southwestern Poland, in the Opole Voivodeship, Głubczyce County and Gmina Głubczyce.

## Location

The village is situated 6 km north of Głubczyce.

## Gallery

* House
* Houses
* Brick house
* This Opole Voivodeship location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Zubrzyce

Zubrzyce is a village located in Poland, in Opole Voivodeship, Głubczyce County and Gmina Głubczyce.
# Zwóz

Zwóz (German Zwoss) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Dobrodzień, within Olesno County, Opole Voivodeship, in south-western Poland.
# Ridha Grira

Ridha Grira (born 1955) is a Tunisian politician. He is a former Minister of National Defense.

## Biography

Ridha Grira was born on August 21, 1955, in Sousse, Tunisia. He attended the Lycée Louis-le-Grand, and he received an MPhil in Chemical Engineering from the École centrale Paris in 1974. He also studied Law, Economics and Management at the University of Paris 1 Pantheon-Sorbonne and the Institut d'Études Politiques de Paris. He also graduated from the Ecole Nationale d'Administration.
In 1991, he became CEO of the Banque Tuniso-Libyenne. From 1992 to 1999, he worked as General Secretary of the Government. He then worked as Minister of State Properties and the Land Affairs. In January 2010, he became Minister of National Defense. In the aftermath of the 2010–2011 Tunisian protests, he was reappointed by Prime Minister Mohamed Ghannouchi. He sits on the board of the Constitutional Democratic Rally.
# Jannarelly Design-1

The Jannarelly Design-1 is the first vehicle produced by the French-Emirati automaker Jannarelly since 2016.

## Presentation

The Design-1 is a roadster with central rear mid-engine and rear-wheel drive. It is built in Dubai by the French manufacturer Jannarelly and its production is limited to 499 copies. Its design is similar to roadsters of the 1960s like the AC Cobra.

## Technical characteristics

The Design-1 rests on a tubular steel and aluminum chassis, covered with a carbon fiber and/or fiberglass body. The Jannarelly Design-1 can receive a removable hard carbon roof (painted or visible carbon) to transform the roadster into a coupe.
The 3 versions available are:
* Trackday, roadster with a simple windscreen;
* Lifestyle, roadster with windshield;
* Touring, roadster with its hardtop.
The Design-1 inherits the latest generation of the V6 3.5 engine from the Nissan 350Z, providing 325 hp (242 kW) and 371 N⋅m (274 lb⋅ft) of torque.
# Podocarpus polystachyus

Podocarpus polystachyus is a species of conifer in the family Podocarpaceae. It is found in the tropical coasts of Malay Peninsula, and the islands of Singapore, Lingga, Sumatra, Borneo, Sulawesi, the Maluku, the Philippines and New Guinea; it grows in areas of the high tide mark of sandy beaches and coastal cliffs, and mangrove swamps. It is also known as the sea teak.
# Ścibórz

Ścibórz is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Paczków, within Nysa County, Opole Voivodeship, in south-western Poland, close to the Czech border. It lies approximately 11 kilometres (7 mi) east of Paczków, 14 km (9 mi) west of Nysa, and 61 km (38 mi) south-west of the regional capital Opole.
# Kumirmora

Kumirmora is a census town in Chanditala I CD Block in Srirampore subdivision of Hooghly district in the state of West Bengal, India.

## Geography
### Location

Kumirmora is located at 22°41′49″N 88°13′36″E﻿ / ﻿22.69686°N 88.22674°E﻿ / 22.69686; 88.22674.
Gangadharpur, Manirampur, Masat, Jangalpara, Dudhkalmi, Nababpur, Bhagabatipur, Kumirmora and Ramanathpur form a cluster of census towns in Chanditala I CD Block.

### Urbanisation

Srirampore subdivision is the most urbanized of the subdivisions in Hooghly district. 73.13% of the population in the subdivision is urban and the rest is rural. The subdivision has 6 municipalities and 34 census towns. The municipalities are: Uttarpara Kotrung Municipality, Konnagar Municipality, Serampore Municipality, Baidyabati Municipality, Rishra Municipality and Dankuni Municipality. Amongst the CD Blocks in the subdivision, Uttarapara Serampore (census towns shown in a separate map) had 76% urban population, Chanditala I 42%, Chanditala II 69% and Jangipara 7% (census towns shown in the map above). All places marked in the map are linked in the larger full screen map.

## Demographics

As per 2011 Census of India Kumirmora had a population of 12,208, of which 6,063 (50%) were males and 6,145 (50%) females. Population below 6 years was 1,369. The number of literates in Kumirmora was 9,053 (83.52% of the population over 6 years).

## Transport
### Railway and road

Janai Road railway station is the nearest railway station on the Howrah-Bardhaman chord of Kolkata Suburban Railway network. The main road is SH 15 (Ahilyabai Holkar Road). It is the main road of the town and is connected to NH 19 (old number NH 2).

### Bus Routes
#### Private Bus Routes

* 26 Bonhooghly - Champadanga
* 26A Serampore - Aushbati
* 26C Bonhooghly - Jagatballavpur

#### Bus Routes without Numbers

* Howrah Station - Bandar (Dhanyaghori)
* Dakshineswar - Bhagabatipur
# Źlinice

Źlinice is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Prószków, within Opole County, Opole Voivodeship, in south-western Poland. It lies approximately 4 kilometres (2 mi) east of Prószków and 10 km (6 mi) south of the regional capital Opole.
# Żaba

Żaba (German Saabe) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Namysłów, within Namysłów County, Opole Voivodeship, in south-western Poland. It lies approximately 10 kilometres (6 mi) south of Namysłów and 41 km (25 mi) north-west of the regional capital Opole.
# Żabiak

Żabiak is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Namysłów, within Namysłów County, Opole Voivodeship, in south-western Poland.
It lies approximately 6 kilometres (4 mi) west of Namysłów and 50 km (31 mi) north-west of the regional capital Opole.
# 1955 in German television

This is a list of German television related events from 1955.

## Debuts
### ARD

* 26 November - Unheimliche Begegnungen (1955-1957)

### DFF

* 2 November - Da lacht der Bär' (1955-1965)

## Television shows
### 1950s

* Tagesschau (1952–present)

## Ending this year

* Kinderbücher für Erwachsene (since 1954)
# Jonathan Slavin

Jonathan Slavin (born November 8, 1969) is an American actor.

## Early life

Slavin was born in Camp Lejeune, North Carolina and raised in Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania.

## Career

Slavin portrayed illustrator Byron Togler on the Fox network's sitcom Andy Richter Controls the Universe, Ogo on the CGI animated show Robot and Monster, and scientist Phil Myman on ABC's sitcom Better Off Ted. He appeared as a member the main cast of Dr. Ken and The Republic of Sarah and as a recurring character on Speechless and Santa Clarita Diet.
Slavin has also had guest roles on series such as Dharma & Greg, Castle, Grey's Anatomy, My Name Is Earl, Summerland, Friends, Grimm, Weeds, Wings, ER, Chicago Hope, Ugly Betty, CSI: Crime Scene Investigation, Bones, Better with You, Raising Hope, The Finder, Grace and Frankie and Friends with Better Lives.
He has also appeared in such feature films as Free Enterprise, Race to Witch Mountain, Backwoods, A Cinderella Story, Dirty Girl, and Love & Mercy.
In January 2023, he returned to the stage in Home Front.

## Personal life

Slavin is Jewish. He is gay and in July 2016 he married his partner of 22 years. He is also a vegan and animal rights activist, with a large menagerie of adopted pets.
# Grihalakshmi (magazine)

Grihalakshmi is an Indian magazine published fortnightly by the Mathrubhumi group. As of December 2013, it is the fifth largest regional language magazine in India by circulation according to IRS Survey 2013, with average qualifying sales of 826,000 copies.

## History and profile

A women's magazine published in Malayalam, Grihalakshmi was launched in 1979 as a monthly publication. It became a bi-weekly in 2013. Grihalakshmi is owned and published by Mathrubhumi, and is based in Kozhikode.

## Women’s Midnight Half-Marathon

On 30 January 2016, Grihalakshmi organized a Women’s Midnight Half-marathon in Kochi, Kerala. It was the first of its kind in India. Prominent Malayalam actor Mamta Mohandas, Olympic athlete Anju Bobby George and social worker Sunitha Krishnan were the ambassadors of the event.
Organized as a celebration of womanhood, the agenda was to spread the message that the streets are safe and free for women also in the night. Around 2000 people attended the marathon. The then Home Minister Ramesh Chennithala launched the event. The marathon started at 10:30 pm on 30 January and crossed over to 31 January, making it a two-day marathon.
# Joel Reyes Zobel

Joel Reyes Zobel (born February 18, 1967) is a radio news anchor and commentator.

## Career

Zobel first started his broadcasting career in 1990, on Radyo Veritas. Ten years later, he was incorporated to GMA Network to replace Jay Sonza, being assigned to occupy the 4 a.m. to 6 a.m. slot. He then joined Mike Enriquez in Super Balita sa Umaga Nationwide.
He is one of the personalities of GMA Network's flagship AM station DZBB. He presently anchors Bangon na, Bayan!. He is also the co-anchor of Mike Enriquez in the radio station's morning newscast Super Balita sa Umaga Nationwide and the voiceover of the network's primetime newscast, 24 Oras.

## Personal life

Zobel is married. They have a daughter, Yizzy.
In 1992, Zobel was shot by a corrupt officer. The officer was drunk and missed him.

## Recognition

* Eastwood City Walk of Fame (2023)
# Minrose Gwin

Minrose Gwin (born November 9, 1945) is an American novelist, memoirist, literary and cultural scholar, teacher, and editor, whose works focus primarily on the American South. Like the characters in her novel Promise, she was born in Tupelo, Mississippi.

## Education

Gwin received her B.A., M.A., and Ph.D. in English from the University of Tennessee in Knoxville. She also attended Mississippi University for Women.

## Writing career

Gwin began her writing career as a general assignment news reporter, working at the Press-Register in Mobile, Alabama; United Press International in the Atlanta and Nashville bureaus, where she covered the civil rights movement; and the Knoxville News-Sentinel, where she worked the night police beat.
Gwin turned to freelance writing while in graduate school, then began writing scholarly books and articles after receiving her Ph.D. She is the author of four books of literary and cultural criticism and many articles and lectures. Her work focuses on issues of race, gender, sexuality, and region. She was one of the first scholars to write about southern women's slave narratives, as well as William Faulkner’s treatment of gender and the spatial dynamics of women’s fiction. In 2013, she published Remembering Medgar Evers: Writing the Long Civil Rights Movement, which brought together journalistic accounts, poetry, fiction, and song about the slain Mississippi Civil Rights leader, with a cover endorsement from his widow, Myrlie Evers-Williams who called the book “a treasure”. Gwin has also edited or coedited books, anthologies, and journals in the field of Southern literature.
In 2004, Gwin published the memoir Wishing for Snow about the collision of poetry and psychosis in her mother's life. The memoir marked her turn to creative writing. Her debut novel, The Queen of Palmyra (2010), was a finalist for the John Gardner Fiction Book Award and a Barnes and Noble Discover Great New Writers selection. Her second novel, Promise (2018), was shortlisted for the Willie Morris Award in Southern Literature; her third, The Accidentals (2019), received the Mississippi Institute of Arts and Letters Award for Fiction. Her fourth novel, Beautiful Dreamers, was scheduled for publication in 2024 by Hub City Press. Lee Smith has called The Queen of Palmyra "the most powerful and also the most lyrical novel about race, racism and denial in the American South since To Kill a Mockingbird", and Kirkus Reviews has described "Gwin's prose [as] profound and Faulknerian in tone."

## Teaching career

Minrose Gwin has taught as a professor at universities across the United States, including Virginia Tech (1983–1990), the University of New Mexico (1990–2001), Binghamton University (2001–2002), Purdue University (2002–2005), and the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, where she was Kenan Eminent Professor of English and Comparative Literature (2005–2018). She has given readings and lectures at universities, conferences, and other venues across the country. She is now retired from teaching.