OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Miles Merlin

The Miles M.4A Merlin was a 1930s British five-seat cabin monoplane built by Miles Aircraft Limited.

## Design and development

The Merlin was designed by F.G. Miles of Philips and Powis, as a result of collaboration with G. Birkett of Birkett Air Service Ltd, and Tata Sons Ltd of India. It was based on the three-seat and four-seat versions of the M.3 Falcon, but with wider fuselage and consequent increased wing span. It was a low-wing monoplane, with fixed main undercarriage in trouser fairings plus a fixed tailwheel. Construction was mainly of wood, with spruce frames and three-ply birch covering, and the wings had hydraulically operated split flaps. It was powered by a 200 hp de Havilland Gipsy Six piston engine. It was first designated M.4 Merlin, but all four examples were completed as M.4A Merlin, with fixed pitch propeller instead of the intended variable pitch unit.

## Operational history

On 11 May 1935, the prototype (U-8, later G-ADFE), built by Philips and Powis (Miles Aircraft), first flew at Woodley Aerodrome, piloted by F.G. Miles. A few weeks later, the Merlin was delivered to Birkett Air Service, for its air taxi and charter business based at Heston Aerodrome. Two aircraft were built and delivered to Tata Sons Ltd for its Tata Air Lines service on the Karachi-Madras route. The fourth and final Merlin was delivered to E. Chaseling of Victorian and Interstate Airways in Australia, for its Melbourne-Hay service. In 1940, the Australian Merlin was pressed into service with the Royal Australian Air Force.

## Operators
### Australia

* Victoria and Interstate Airways
* Royal Australian Air Force

### India

* Tata Air Lines

### United Kingdom

* Birkett Air Services

## Specifications (M.4A)

Data from Lukins & Russell
General characteristics
* Crew: 1
* Capacity: 4 passengers
* Length: 25 ft 10 in (7.87 m)
* Wingspan: 37 ft 0 in (11.27 m)
* Height: 9 ft 7 in (2.92 m)
* Wing area: 196 sq ft (18.21 m$^2$)
* Empty weight: 1,700 lb (770 kg)
* Gross weight: 3,000 lb (1,360 kg)
* Powerplant: 1 × de Havilland Gipsy Six piston engine , 200 hp (150 kW)
Performance
* Maximum speed: 155 mph (250 km/h, 135 kn)
* Cruise speed: 145 mph (245 km/h, 126 kn)
* Range: 700 mi (1,130 km, 610 nmi)
* Service ceiling: 18,000 ft (5,490 m)
* Rate of climb: 900 ft/min (4.6 m/s)
# Luise Neumann

Luise Neumann (7 December 1818 – 17 October 1905) was a German actress, the daughter of the actress Amalie Haizinger. Her younger sister, Adolfine Neumann [de], was also an esteemed actress of the period.
She made her debut at the age of 16 in a performance of the Deutschen Hausfrau in Karlsruhe. In 1839, she joined the Burgtheater in Vienna, of which she was a member until 1856. On 14 January 1857, she married Karl Graf von Schönfeld and ended her career as an actor.
* This article about a German stage actor is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
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# Stuart T. Saunders

Stuart Thomas Saunders, Sr. (July 16, 1909 – February 7, 1987) was an American railroad executive best known for his tenure with Penn Central.

## Biography

Saunders was born in McDowell, West Virginia, and reared near Bedford, Virginia. He graduated from Roanoke College in 1930 and from Harvard Law School in 1934. He served as chairman of Roanoke's board of trustees, was a trustee of Hollins University, and was a charter trustee of the Virginia Foundation of Independent Colleges, a fundraising entity representing Virginia's private colleges and universities. Saunders, a lawyer by trade, also served as president of the Virginia State Bar from 1951 to 1952.

### Norfolk & Western

Saunders served as president of the Norfolk & Western Railway (N&W), one of the nation's most profitable railroads, from 1958 to 1963. During his tenure, the company merged with the Virginian Railway and began negotiations to merge with the Nickel Plate, Wabash Railroad and portions of the Pennsylvania Railroad (PRR) (the mergers were completed in 1964 after Saunders departed). Saunders also oversaw construction of a high-speed coal pier in Norfolk, Virginia that expanded the N&W's core activity (transporting coal from West Virginia to Hampton Roads for follow-on worldwide shipment) and he initiated conversion from steam locomotives to diesels ending the company's distinction as the nation's last steam railroad.

### Penn Central

Saunders became CEO of PRR in 1963. It was during his term that the iconic Roman-inspired Pennsylvania Station in New York City was razed to make way for an underground Penn Station, topped with two office buildings and Madison Square Garden. The outcry over the destruction of the ornate structure instigated the landmarks preservation movement. Saunders also orchestrated PRR's merger with the New York Central Railroad to create Penn Central (PC), serving as that railroad's chairman and CEO. Financial difficulties forced the company into bankruptcy in 1970. Saunders was ousted during restructuring and retired.
Of the failed merger, Saunders commented "Because of the many years it took to consummate the merger, the morale of both railroads was badly disrupted and they were faced with unmanageable problems which were insurmountable. In addition to overcoming obstacles, the principal problem was too much governmental regulation and a passenger deficit which amounted to more than $100 million a year."
Saunders appeared on the January 26, 1968 cover of Time, and was the Saturday Review Businessman of the Year in 1968.

## Death

Saunders died of heart failure in Richmond, Virginia on February 7, 1987. He was 77 years old.
# Anna Vardapetyan

Anna Vardapetyan (Armenian: Աննա Վարդապետյան, born on February 18, 1986, in Yerevan, Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic, USSR) is an Armenian public figure, lawyer and a PhD candidate in law; she has been holding the office of the Prosecutor General of Armenia since 15 September 2022.

## Education

Anna Vardapetyan is a graduate of the Yerevan State University Department of Law. After receiving her master's degree in 2008, she pursued her post-graduate studies in the same department. In 2012, she defended a thesis entitled "The Criminal-Legal Problems with the Transplantation of Human Organs and Tissues".
From 2007 until March 2013, Vardapetyan worked at the Court of Cassation of Armenia, ranking from the post of a Junior Specialist to a Senior Aide to the Chairman. Between 2014 and 2018, she was a deputy chief of the Judicial Department and a Secretary at the Council of Judges. In 2018, Vardapetyan was appointed an Advisor to the Minister of Justice of Armenia and held the post until early 2019.
In April 2019, Vardapetyan was promoted to the rank of a Deputy Minister of Justice, an office which she held until November the same year. From 2 March until 14 September 2022 she served as an aide to the Prime Minister of Armenia.
Anna Vardapetyan was elected as the Prosecutor General by the National Assembly on 29 June 2022.

## Additional information

Anna Vardapatyan has been a member of the London-based Royal Institute of International Affairs since 2015. She is an author and co-author of over 20 scientific articles, scientific-practical manuals, analytical reviews and books.
From 2016 until 2021, Vardapetyan was a member of professional board at the YSU Department of Law. On 22 June 2022, she was appointed as a member of the YSU Board of Trustees subject to the Prime Minister's decision.
Vardapetyan speaks Armenian, Russian, and English.

## Personal life

Vardapetyan is married.
# Kanpur Development Authority

Kanpur Development Authority is the urban development agency of Kanpur metropolitan area, Uttar Pradesh, India. As the industries in Kanpur grew faster the village population also attracted towards the city. In present time the population of Kanpur city has crossed 30 lakhs(3 million). Due to the rate of growth in population, it was decided that a development authority should be constituted. Region administered by Kanpur Development Authority and Unnao-Shuklaganj Development Authority comes under Kanpur Metropolitan Area. There has been a proposal to merge both the authorities to form Kanpur Metropolitan Area Development Authority (KMADA).
In accordance to the Uttar Pradesh Urban Development Act, 1973 Kanpur Development Authority was constituted.

## Organization

The development of infrastructure in Kanpur is overseen by Kanpur Development Authority (KDA), which comes under the Housing Department of Uttar Pradesh government. The Divisional Commissioner of Kanpur acts as the ex-officio Chairman of KDA, whereas a Vice Chairman, a government-appointed IAS officer, looks after the daily matters of the authority. The current Divisional Commissioner and ex-officio Chairman is Pradeep Kumar Mohanty, whereas the current Vice-Chairman of Kanpur Development Authority is Arvind Singh.

### Board

Board of Kanpur Development Authority :
| Post | Designation |
| Commissioner, Kanpur Division | Chairman |
| Vice Chairman, Kanpur Development Authority | Member |
| Secretary, Housing | Member |
| Secretary, Finance | Member |
| District Magistrate and Collector, Kanpur | Member |
| District Magistrate and Collector, Kanpur Dehat | Member |
| Municipal Commissioner, Kanpur | Member |
| Chief Town and Country Planner | Member |
| Managing Director, Uttar Pradesh Jal Nigam | Member |
| Director, Sarvajanik Udyam Bureau | Member |

## Master Plan

Kanpur Development Authority has Master plans (2021) for Kanpur, Akbarpur and Bithoor.
Proposed Master Plan for Kanpur City, Year 2021 by KDA
* Residential : 41.67%
* Industrial : 5.64%
* Amenities : 3.7%
* Transport & communication : 9.98%
* Recreational : 9.56%
* Public Services : 3.81%
* Trade : 2.61%
* Other uses : 9.27%
# Czaje-Wólka

Czaje-Wólka is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Ciechanowiec, within Wysokie Mazowieckie County, Podlaskie Voivodeship, in north-eastern Poland.
# Maryhill railway station

Maryhill railway station is a railway station serving the Maryhill area of Glasgow, Scotland. It is located on the Maryhill Line, 4+3⁄4 miles (7.6 km) northwest of Glasgow Queen Street, a short distance east of Maryhill Viaduct and Maryhill Park Junction. It has two side platforms. Services are provided by ScotRail on behalf of Strathclyde Partnership for Transport.
Maryhill was previously the terminus for the eponymous line when it was reopened by British Rail in 1993 - the original 1858 Glasgow, Dumbarton and Helensburgh Railway "Maryhill Park" station on the same site (also the junction for the former Kelvin Valley Railway and the Stobcross Railway to Partickhill & Queens Dock) had been closed back in October 1961 by the British Transport Commission although some workmen's trains continued until 1964 after which it was subsequently demolished.
Since 2005 the service has extended to Kelvindale and Anniesland to connect with the North Clyde and Argyle Lines using a reinstated section of the former Stobcross Railway line that had previously been disused since 1980 (when the signal box that formerly controlled the junction was seriously damaged by fire) and then subsequently closed & dismantled. This extension was built to remove the need for terminating services from Queen Street to run empty through to Knightswood North Junction near Westerton in order to reverse before returning to Glasgow - a process that occupied the busy junction there for several minutes whilst the driver changed ends and crossed over from one track to the other. Ending this procedure allowed more trains on the North Clyde Line to pass through the junction, freeing up paths for services from the rebuilt branch line to Larkhall on the south side of the city to run via the Argyle Line through to Milngavie.

## Services

Monday to Saturdays there is a half-hourly service eastbound to Glasgow Queen Street and westbound to Anniesland.
With the timetable revision starting on 18 May 2014, a limited hourly Sunday service now operates on this route.
| Preceding station | National Rail | National Rail | National Rail | Following station |
| Summerston | | ScotRail Maryhill Line | | Kelvindale |
| | Historical railways | Historical railways | Historical railways | |
| Lochburn | | Glasgow, Dumbarton and Helensburgh Railway North British Railway | | Westerton |
| Summerston (old) | | Kelvin Valley Railway North British Railway | | Terminus |
| Terminus | | Stobcross Railway North British Railway | | Anniesland |
# Christophe Deguerville

Christophe Deguerville (born 27 June 1970) is a French former professional footballer who played for AS Saint-Étienne (two spells), Lyon and SC Bastia.
# 2022 WTA German Open – Doubles

Storm Sanders and Kateřina Siniaková defeated Alizé Cornet and Jil Teichmann in the final, 6–4, 6–3 to win doubles tennis title at the 2022 WTA German Open.
Victoria Azarenka and Aryna Sabalenka were the defending champions, but Azarenka did not return to compete. Sabalenka partnered with Veronika Kudermetova but they withdrew before their first round match.

## Seeds

* Storm Sanders / Kateřina Siniaková (champions)
* Gabriela Dabrowski / Giuliana Olmos (semifinals)
* Asia Muhammad / Ena Shibahara (quarterfinals)
* Alexa Guarachi / Andreja Klepač (quarterfinals)

## Draw
### Key

* Q = Qualifier
* WC = Wild card
* LL = Lucky loser
* Alt = Alternate
* SE = Special exempt
* PR = Protected ranking
* ITF = ITF entry
* JE = Junior exempt
* w/o = Walkover
* r = Retired
* d = Defaulted
* SR = Special ranking

### Draw

| First round | First round | First round | First round | First round | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Final | Final | Final | Final |
| 1 | S Sanders K Siniaková | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Alt | X Han A Panova | 2 | 3 | | 1 | S Sanders K Siniaková | 3 | 7$^7$ | [12] | | | | | | | | |
| | A Kalinskaya D Krawczyk | 1 | 4 | | | N Melichar-Martinez E Perez | 6 | 6$^5$ | [10] | | | | | | | | |
| | N Melichar-Martinez E Perez | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | 1 | S Sanders K Siniaková | 6 | 6 | | | | |
| 3 | A Muhammad E Shibahara | 6 | 3 | [10] | | | | | | WC | B Andreescu S Lisicki | 1 | 3 | | | | |
| WC | J Niemeier A Petkovic | 3 | 6 | [8] | 3 | A Muhammad E Shibahara | 6$^4$ | 6 | [7] | | | | | | | | |
| | Y Xu Z Yang | 5 | 4 | | WC | B Andreescu S Lisicki | 7$^7$ | 1 | [10] | | | | | | | | |
| WC | B Andreescu S Lisicki | 7 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | | 1 | S Sanders K Siniaková | 6 | 6 |
| | A Cornet J Teichmann | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | | | A Cornet J Teichmann | 4 | 3 |
| | E Hozumi M Ninomiya | 3 | 3 | | | A Cornet J Teichmann | 7 | 7$^7$ | | | | | | | | | |
| | U Eikeri V Kužmová | 2 | 3 | | 4 | A Guarachi A Klepač | 5 | 6$^3$ | | | | | | | | | |
| 4 | A Guarachi A Klepač | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | A Cornet J Teichmann | 6 | 7 | | | | |
| | K Christian L Marozava | 6 | 3 | [13] | | | | | | 2 | G Dabrowski G Olmos | 3 | 5 | | | | |
| | O Jabeur G Muguruza | 4 | 6 | [11] | | K Christian L Marozava | 4 | 2 | | | | | | | | | |
| | A Rosolska E Routliffe | 6 | 5 | [5] | 2 | G Dabrowski G Olmos | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | |
| 2 | G Dabrowski G Olmos | 4 | 7 | [10] | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
# Trygve Jacobsen

Trygve Jacobsen (16 November 1876 – 4 January 1964) was a Norwegian businessperson.
He was born in Kristiania as a son of wholesaler Severin Jacobsen (1840–1920) and landowner's daughter Anna Biermann (1845–1920). In 1901 he married Haldis Torgersen (1878–1936).
After finishing Kristiania Commerce School in 1894, he took commercial training posts in England and Germany. He then started a business career in the family company Severin Jacobsen. He became the company owner in 1920, at his father's death. In 1943, Trygve Jacobsen brought his sons Trygve, Jr. and Severin, Jr. on board as co-owners.
He was a board member of Oslo Handelsstands Forening from 1913 to 1915. In the 1930s he chaired Manufakturgrossistenes Landsforening from 1931 to 1933 and was consul-general for Czechoslovakia from 1932 to 1934. He was decorated as an Officer of the Order of the White Lion in 1934.
He was a supervisory council member of Forsikringsselskapet Norden, Morgenposten, and Holmenkolbanen (until 1955). He was also a control committee member of Grand Hotel. In the arts, he was a supervisory council member of Filharmonisk Selskap and deputy supervisory council member of Nationaltheatret. Jacobsen was also an art collector; his collections diminished by fire in 1955; an a cappella singer and freemason. He died in January 1964 and was buried in Ris.
# Chislehurst railway station

Chislehurst railway station is on the South Eastern Main Line, serving the neighbourhood of Chislehurst in the London Borough of Bromley. It is 11 miles 19 chains (18.1 km) down the line from London Charing Cross and is situated between Elmstead Woods and Petts Wood stations.
It is in Travelcard Zone 5, and the station and all trains are operated by Southeastern.

## History

The station was originally named Chislehurst and Bickley Park when it was first opened on 1 July 1865: the South Eastern Railway had opened part of its cut-off line to Dover on that date. On 2 March 1868 a new station was opened south of the original on completion of the cut-off to Tonbridge. At the beginning of the 20th century the tracks through the station were quadrupled. Beyond Elmstead Woods station (opened in 1904) to the north of Chislehurst lie the Chislehurst Tunnels, a tunnel each on the slow lines 649 yards (593 m) and fast lines 591 yards (540 m).
To the south of the station the Up and Down Chatham Loop lines give access to the Chatham Main Line where the next station is St Mary Cray. There are normally no direct trains between Chislehurst and St Mary Cray, as trains that use the connecting curves usually run non-stop between London Bridge and either Rochester or West Malling.
When engineering work takes place on the South Eastern Main Line, services from London to Ashford International or Hastings call additionally at Chislehurst, using Class 375 units. These services are diverted onto the Chatham Main Line and run via Swanley and Otford.

### Chislehurst Caves

The station is very close to Chislehurst Caves, former mines that were used as an air raid shelter during World War II. The close proximity of the station saw thousands of people at one point disembark at the station to enter the shelter.

## Connections

London Buses routes 162, 269, R7 and SL3 serve the station.

## Services

All services at Chislehurst are operated by Southeastern using Class 376, 465, 466 and 707 EMUs.
The typical off-peak service in trains per hour is:
* 2 tph to London Charing Cross (non-stop from Lewisham to London Bridge)
* 2 tph to London Cannon Street (all stations except Lewisham)
* 4 tph to Orpington of which 2 continue to Sevenoaks
On Sundays, the station is served by a half-hourly service between Sevenoaks and London Charing Cross via Lewisham.
| Preceding station | National Rail | National Rail | National Rail | Following station |
| Elmstead Woods | | SoutheasternGrove Park Line | | Petts Wood |
# Jewish cemetery on Sevastopol Street

The Jewish cemetery on Sevastopol Street (Romanian: Cimitirul evreiesc din strada Sevastopol) is a former Sephardi and Ashkenazi Jewish cemetery located in Sector 1, Bucharest. At the moment of its demolition it was the oldest Jewish cemetery in Bucharest.
It was destroyed by order of Ion Antonescu between 1942 and 1944, with other buildings being constructed on the site afterward.

## History

The cemetery was initially founded on Filipescu Street, which was later renamed to Sevastopol Street after the Crimean War.
One of the last people buried here was Dr. Iuliu Barasch in 1863. In 1864, the cemetery closed as it had reached full capacity. By the time of its closure, 1,920 Jews had been buried there, with the oldest tombstone dating back to 1716. After its closure, the Sephardic and Ashkenazi communities each acquired separate burial grounds, which are today known as the Bucharest Sephardic Jewish Cemetery and the Filantropia Israelite Cemetery in Bucharest, respectively.

## Demolition

In 1913, the Bucharest City hall ordered the closure of the cemetery, though this directive was only implemented during the regime of Ion Antonescu.
At a Second Antonescu cabinet meeting on October 8, 1940, General Ion Antonescu proposed the relocation of Jewish cemeteries from Bucharest, suggesting that new burial sites be identified at a distance of 100 km. To avoid the perception of the measure as explicitly anti-Jewish, it was presented as a public health initiative.
Subsequently, in 1942, the cemetery was expropriated, and the Jewish community was compelled to donate the land to the municipality of Bucharest. Between the summer of 1942 and July 1944, the graves were exhumed by a Jewish forced labor detachment. The remains were transferred to the city's remaining three Jewish cemeteries, while unidentified remains were interred in a mass grave. Some tombstones were relocated to the cemetery at 162 Giurgiului Road, while others were looted by locals or destroyed.
The land was sold to an urban development company, but dismantling of the cemetery was halted on August 23, 1944, leaving only 25 graves intact. A few surviving tombstones are now scattered throughout the Jewish Cemetery on Giurgiului Road.