# Dole, Jura

Dole (French:, sometimes pronounced) is a commune in the eastern French department of Jura, of which it is a subprefecture (sous-préfecture).

## History

Dole was the capital of Franche-Comté until Louis XIV conquered the region; he shifted the parlement from Dole to Besançon. The university, founded by Duke Philippe le Bon of Burgundy in 1422, was also transferred to Besançon at that time.
In January 1573, Gilles Garnier was put to death after being found guilty of lycanthropy and witchcraft. He had confessed to murdering and cannibalizing at least six children. The 1995 film Happiness Is in the Field was set in Dole and The Widow Couderc was also partially filmed there.

## Geography

Dole is located on the river Doubs. The commune has a land area of 38.38 km$^2$ (14.82 sq mi).

## Demographics

It is the most populous commune in Jura, although the préfecture is Lons-le-Saunier.
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| 1793 | 9,000 | — |
| 1800 | 8,235 | −1.26% |
| 1806 | 8,678 | +0.88% |
| 1821 | 9,647 | +0.71% |
| 1831 | 9,927 | +0.29% |
| 1836 | 10,137 | +0.42% |
| 1841 | 10,713 | +1.11% |
| 1846 | 10,519 | −0.36% |
| 1851 | 10,830 | +0.58% |
| 1856 | 10,985 | +0.28% |
| 1861 | 10,605 | −0.70% |
| 1866 | 11,093 | +0.90% |
| 1872 | 11,679 | +0.86% |
| 1876 | 12,924 | +2.56% |
| 1881 | 13,190 | +0.41% |
| 1886 | 13,293 | +0.16% |
| 1891 | 14,253 | +1.40% |
| 1896 | 14,437 | +0.26% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| 1901 | 14,627 | +0.26% |
| 1906 | 14,838 | +0.29% |
| 1911 | 16,294 | +1.89% |
| 1921 | 16,208 | −0.05% |
| 1926 | 18,093 | +2.22% |
| 1931 | 18,066 | −0.03% |
| 1936 | 18,117 | +0.06% |
| 1946 | 18,250 | +0.07% |
| 1954 | 22,022 | +2.38% |
| 1962 | 24,525 | +1.35% |
| 1968 | 27,188 | +1.73% |
| 1975 | 29,295 | +1.07% |
| 1982 | 26,889 | −1.22% |
| 1990 | 26,577 | −0.15% |
| 1999 | 24,949 | −0.70% |
| 2009 | 24,906 | −0.02% |
| 2014 | 23,312 | −1.31% |
| 2020 | 23,611 | +0.21% |
Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on Phabricator and on MediaWiki.org. :
Source: EHESS and INSEE (1968-2020) :

## Transport

Dole-Ville station has rail connections to Dijon, Paris, Lausanne and Besançon. Dole – Jura Airport is located in the commune of Tavaux, 7 km southwest of Dole.

## Famous residents

* Suzanne Douvillier (1778 – 1826), pioneer dancer and choreographer.
* Simon Bernard (28 April 1779 – 5 November 1839)- Napoleonic aide de camp and notable engineer in the United States.
* Marie Émile Antoine Béthouart (17 December 1889 – 17 October 1982), soldier.
* Louis Pasteur (27 December 1822 – 28 September 1895), microbiologist and chemist
* Jacques Duhamel (1924 - 1977), mayor of Dole from 1968 to 1976
* Michel Chapuis (15 January 1930 – 12 November 2017), organist
* Hubert-Félix Thiéfaine (21 July 1948 − ), pop-rock singer and songwriter, born in Dole

## Museums

The Museum of Fine Arts, Dole founded in 1821, is located in the House of the Officers, an example of military architecture of Franche-Comté at the 18th century.

## Twin towns and sister cities

Dole is twinned with:
* Carlow, Ireland
* Chaohu, China
* Kostroma, Russia
* Lahr, Germany
* Northwich, England, United Kingdom
* Sestri Levante, Italy
* Tábor, Czech Republic

## Climate

Climate data for Dole (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1959–present) :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 17.8 (64.0) | 21.5 (70.7) | 26.0 (78.8) | 31.0 (87.8) | 33.1 (91.6) | 38.0 (100.4) | 40.0 (104.0) | 40.0 (104.0) | 36.0 (96.8) | 30.0 (86.0) | 23.2 (73.8) | 18.0 (64.4) | 40.0 (104.0) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 6.1 (43.0) | 8.1 (46.6) | 13.2 (55.8) | 17.3 (63.1) | 21.2 (70.2) | 25.2 (77.4) | 27.5 (81.5) | 27.2 (81.0) | 22.4 (72.3) | 16.9 (62.4) | 10.3 (50.5) | 6.7 (44.1) | 16.8 (62.2) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 2.8 (37.0) | 3.9 (39.0) | 7.7 (45.9) | 11.1 (52.0) | 15.1 (59.2) | 18.8 (65.8) | 20.8 (69.4) | 20.5 (68.9) | 16.4 (61.5) | 12.1 (53.8) | 6.7 (44.1) | 3.6 (38.5) | 11.6 (52.9) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −0.4 (31.3) | −0.4 (31.3) | 2.2 (36.0) | 4.9 (40.8) | 9.0 (48.2) | 12.4 (54.3) | 14.1 (57.4) | 13.8 (56.8) | 10.4 (50.7) | 7.4 (45.3) | 3.1 (37.6) | 0.5 (32.9) | 6.4 (43.5) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −24.0 (−11.2) | −18.0 (−0.4) | −14.1 (6.6) | −5.5 (22.1) | −3.8 (25.2) | 0.8 (33.4) | 1.5 (34.7) | 3.5 (38.3) | 0.0 (32.0) | −6.0 (21.2) | −9.5 (14.9) | −18.0 (−0.4) | −24.0 (−11.2) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 77.8 (3.06) | 71.6 (2.82) | 72.5 (2.85) | 79.1 (3.11) | 96.8 (3.81) | 80.0 (3.15) | 78.8 (3.10) | 83.7 (3.30) | 86.6 (3.41) | 103.9 (4.09) | 104.1 (4.10) | 88.1 (3.47) | 1,023 (40.28) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 12.5 | 11.1 | 10.8 | 10.0 | 11.5 | 9.3 | 9.3 | 9.4 | 9.2 | 11.5 | 12.6 | 13.5 | 130.8 |
| Source: Meteociel ||||||||||||||