# Gopikandar

Gopikandar is a community development block that forms an administrative division in the Dumka Sadar subdivision of the Dumka district, Jharkhand state, India.

## Geography

Gopikandar, the eponymous CD block headquarters, is located at 24°25′25″N 87°29′3″E﻿ / ﻿24.42361°N 87.48417°E﻿ / 24.42361; 87.48417.
It is located 35 km from Dumka, the district headquarters.
Dumka district is a plateau region. It is divided into four micro subregions. The Dumka-Godda Uplands covers Saraiyahat, Jarmundi, Jama, Ranishwar, Shikaripara and parts of Ramgarh, Dumka and Masalia CD blocks. Scattered hillocks with forests are spread over the region with elevation above mean sea level varying from 274 to 753 metres (899 to 2,470 ft). The Deoghar Uplands covers only parts of Masalia CD block. The area has large number of hillocks covered with forests. The Rajmahal Hills, spread over the north-eastern part of the district, covers Ramgarh, Dumka, Kathikund and Gopikandar CD blocks. The Pakur Uplands, in the eastern part of the district, with a height of 31 metres (102 ft) above mean sea level, covers parts of Gopikandar and Kathikund CD blocks. The two blocks, named last, also fall under the Damin-i-koh region of Santhal Parganas.
Gopikandar CD block is bounded by Sunderpahari CD block in Godda district and Amrapara CD block in Pakur district on the north, Maheshpur and Pakuria CD blocks in Pakur district on the east, Kathikund CD block on the south and Ramgarh CD block on the west.
Gopikandar CD block has an area of 220.67 km$^2$.Gopikandar police station serves this block. Headquarters of this CD block is at Gopikandar village.

## Demographics
### Population

As per the 2011 Census of India Gopikandar CD block had a total population of 42,063, all of which were rural. There were 20,999 (50%) males and 21,064 (50%) females. Population below 6 years was 7,686. Scheduled Castes numbered 663 (1.58%) and Scheduled Tribes numbered 35,577 (84.58%).

### Literacy

As per 2011 census the total number of literates in Gopikandar CD Block was 17,230 (50.12% of the population over 6 years) out of which 10,491 (61%) were males and 6,739 (39%) were females. The gender disparity (the difference between female and male literacy rates) was 22%.
See also - List of Jharkhand districts ranked by literacy rate
* Literacy in CD Blocks of Dumka district
* Saraiyahat – 58.64%
* Jarmundi – 58.06%
* Kathikund - 54.09%
* Ramgarh – 55.45%
* Gopikandar – 50.12%
* Shikaripara – 57.10%
* Ranishwar – 60.06%
* Dumka – 70.08%
* Jama – 61.88%
* Masalia – 61.66%
* Source: 2011 Census: CD Block Wise Primary Census Abstract Data

### Language and religion

In 2001, Santali was the mother-tongue of 660,233 persons in Dumka district, forming 41.17% of the population, followed by Hindi with 615,667 persons (38.39%) and Bengali with 327,714 persons (20.44%). Other languages had small numbers of speakers.
Hindi is the official language in Jharkhand and Urdu has been declared as an additional official language.
In 2011, Hindus numbered 1,044,726, forming 79.60% of the population of Dumka district followed by Muslims with 106,865 persons (8.09%), Christians with 86,404 persons (6.54%) and other religions/ religion not stated with 83,447 (6.31%).

## Rural poverty

60-70% of the population of Dumka district were in the BPL category in 2004–2005, being in the same category as Ranchi and Jamtara districts. Rural poverty in Jharkhand declined from 66% in 1993–94 to 46% in 2004–05. In 2011, it has come down to 39.1%.

## Economy
### Livelihood

Livelihood in Gopikandar CD block
In Gopikandar CD block in 2011, amongst the class of total workers, cultivators numbered 10,520 and formed 44.95%, agricultural labourers numbered 9,377 and formed 40.06%, household industry workers numbered 1,546 and formed 6.61% and other workers numbered 1,963 and formed 8.39%. Total workers numbered 23,406 and formed 55.65% of the total population. Non-workers numbered 18,657 and formed 44.35% of total population.
Note: In the census records a person is considered a cultivator, if the person is engaged in cultivation/ supervision of land owned. When a person who works on another person's land for wages in cash or kind or share, is regarded as an agricultural labourer. Household industry is defined as an industry conducted by one or more members of the family within the household or village, and one that does not qualify for registration as a factory under the Factories Act. Other workers are persons engaged in some economic activity other than cultivators, agricultural labourers and household workers. It includes factory, mining, plantation, transport and office workers, those engaged in business and commerce, teachers and entertainment artistes.

### Infrastructure

There are 128 inhabited villages in Gopikandar CD block. In 2011, 13 villages had power supply. 16 villages had tap water (treated/ untreated), 125 villages had well water (covered/ uncovered), 125 villages had hand pumps, and all villages had drinking water facility. 8 villages had post offices, 6 villages had sub post offices, 2 villages had telephones (land lines), 15 villages had public call offices and 15 villages had mobile phone coverage. 127 villages had pucca (paved) village roads, 20 villages had bus service (public/ private), 2 villages had railway stations, 3 villages had autos/ modified autos, and 24 villages had tractors. 2 villages had bank branches, 2 villages had agricultural credit societies. 20 villages had public distribution system, 3 villages had weekly haat (market) and 40 villages had assembly polling stations.

### Agriculture

Dumka district is a rural dominated area with a large population residing in the villages. "Agriculture practices are the main source of income for the rural people of the district." It is a hilly district receiving considerably high rainfall (1088mm to 1244mm annual average), resulting in a considerable vegetative cover. Ruthless exploitation of forests has reduced them to bushes without any big trees. Only 6.42% of the agricultural lands are irrigated by wells and tanks. Major crops in the district are paddy, maize and wheat. The availability of land has been a major problem. "The Santals have played an important part in the reclamation of land." The District Gazetteer of the Santal Parganas (1938) writes, "In the olden areas, from which he (the Santal) moved on at an earlier date, he seems to have done the first clearing of the jungle, and the first rough sloping of shapes and levels. The more civilised Bengali, Bihari and upcountry immigrant came at his heels, pushed him off the land by force, cajolery, trickery, seized upon his improvements by the application of larger capital or steadier labour developed the embryo bandhs and tanks into works of considerable size,"
In Gopikandar CD block, 23.34% of the total area was cultivable area and 15.11% of the cultivated area was irrigated area.

### Backward Regions Grant Fund

Dumka district is listed as a backward region and receives financial support from the Backward Regions Grant Fund. The fund created by the Government of India is designed to redress regional imbalances in development. As of 2012, 272 districts across the country were listed under this scheme. The list includes 21 districts of Jharkhand.

## Transport

Gopikandar is situated on the Gobindpur Sahebganj Highway.

## Education

Gopikandar CD block had 28 villages with pre-primary schools, 121 villages with primary schools, 31 villages with middle schools, 7 villages with secondary schools, 2 villages with senior secondary schools, 7 villages with no educational facility (the lowest amongst all CD blocks in Dumka district). .*Senior secondary schools are also known as Inter colleges in Jharkhand

## Healthcare

Gopikandar CD block had 2 villages with primary health centres, 9 villages with primary health subcentres, 15 villages with maternity and child welfare centres, 1 village with TB clinic, 5 villages with allopathic hospitals, 3 villages with dispensaries, 2 villages with veterinary hospitals, 1 village with family welfare centre, 3 villages with medicine shops. .*Private medical practitioners, alternative medicine etc. not included