OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Kimberichnus

Kimberichnus is an ichnofossil associated with the early bilaterian Kimberella. It is known mostly from shallow marine Ediacaran sediments, often occurring alongside its producer. Kimberichnus often occurs in Russia and South Australia, where it is most abundant in the shape of multiple arcuate sets of ridges with fan-shaped arrangements.

## Description

Kimberichnus traces often occur alongside the death masks of Kimberella; the traces represent possibly the oldest known evidence of trace fossils that are associated with a bilaterian maker. The traces occur in the Ediacaran sediments of the Russian White Sea and in South Australia, Kimberichnus was described from Russia. They most often occur as simple arcuate ridges arranged in sets, with an arrangement similar to that of fans; it is thought that these traces came from Kimberella rasping the microbial mat underneath it with its teethed Proboscis
The feeding patterns that are seen in these traces exclude any Arthropodal origin, they instead point to a creator that was most likely systematically excavating nutrients/food off of the microbial mats. Even though organisms at the time would move over the traces and slightly disturb them, it would not disturb them to the point that they will get deformed; this is because of the multiple layers of Microbes that made up the mats . The occurrence of both the traces maker and the trace itself in the Ediacaran period supports claims that bilaterians were already globally distributed and were able to make traces of grazing.

## Theoretical importance

The Cambrian explosion, which began approximately 543 million years ago and concluded around 518 million years ago, marked a significant increase in animal diversity, particularly in the development of distinct body plans. This rapid diversification posed a challenge to Charles Darwin’s theory of evolution, as mid-19th century scientists had already discovered Early Cambrian fossils that highlighted the abrupt appearance of complex life forms.
Kimberichnus is considered an important step in this evolutionary period. Evidence indicates that Kimberella grazed on microbial mats using a proboscis with rows of teeth, leaving behind trace fossils known as Kimberichnus. These traces share similarities with Radulichnus, a comparable trace fossil from later geological periods. The association of Kimberichnus with a radula-like structure supports the hypothesis that Kimberella may have been an early mollusk or a close relative. This is particularly significant because radulae, being soft and rarely fossilized, provide limited direct evidence in the fossil record.
# Óscar Gil (footballer, born 1995)

Óscar Gil Osés (Spanish pronunciation:; born 14 June 1995) is a Spanish professional footballer who plays as a centre-back for CD Castellón.

## Club career
### Athletic Bilbao

Born in Peralta – Azkoien, Navarre, Gil joined Athletic Bilbao's youth setup in 2008, aged 13. He made his debuts as a senior with the farm team in the 2012–13 campaign, in Tercera División.
On 21 June 2013 Gil was promoted to the reserves in Segunda División B. He appeared in 22 matches and scored one goal in the 2014–15 season, as the B-side returned to Segunda División after a 19-year absence.
Gil made his professional debut on 24 August 2015, starting in a 0–1 home loss against Girona FC. He scored his first professional goal on 4 April of the following year, netting his team's first in a 2–1 home win against Real Oviedo.
On 16 August 2016, Gil was loaned to Oviedo in a season-long deal. After appearing sparingly, he returned to Athletic and their B-side, now in the third division.
Gil made his first team debut on 25 October 2017, playing the full 90 minutes in a 1–1 Copa del Rey away draw against SD Formentera. The following 29 May, he was released as his contract expired.

### Racing Santander

On 2 August 2018, Racing de Santander confirmed the signing of Gil on a one-year contract. A regular starter in his first season as his side returned to the second division, he was rarely used in his second and moved out on loan to CD Atlético Baleares on 21 January 2020.

### Amorebieta

On 8 July 2021, Gil moved to second level newcomers SD Amorebieta.
# Pop a Top

"Pop a Top" is a country song written and originally recorded by Nat Stuckey in 1966. The first hit version was released by Jim Ed Brown in May 1967 as the third and final single from his album Just Jim. The song was a number 3 Billboard country single for Brown in late 1967. It was later revived by Alan Jackson as the lead-off single from his 1999 album Under the Influence. Jackson's version peaked at number 6 on the United States Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart, and number 2 on the Canadian RPM Country Tracks chart.

## Content

The narrator, a bar patron, asks the tender to open another bottle of beer for him, and then he'll go. He commences to tell the bartender about his grief because his girl left him, and either he'll hide it with beer, or he'll be at home remembering heɾ. The sound of a metal "pop-top" can being opened was a novelty, and that is a significant factor in the creating of this song. The metallic click and hiss sound of opening this type of container is featured several times in the song.

## Music video

The music video for Jackson's version was directed by Steven Goldmann, and features Cledus T. Judd.
The video opens with Judd briefly singing a parody of "Here in the Real World" ("Here in the Beer World") as he walks to the refrigerator to get a bottle of beer. Upon opening the bottle, he suddenly finds himself at a black tie event where Alan Jackson is performing. The video switches between shots of Jackson and his band onstage, Judd socializing, and various people transforming into drunk, working-class, or "country" versions of themselves whenever a glass passes in front of the camera. As the song ends, Judd finds himself back in his kitchen just as he was about to kiss a beautiful woman, and frantically starts opening more beers to try and "get the magic back."

## Chart performance
### Jim Ed Brown

"Pop a Top" debuted at number 71 on the U.S. Billboard Hot Country Singles for the week of May 20, 1967.
| Chart (1967) | Peak position |
| US Hot Country Songs (Billboard) | 3 |

### Alan Jackson

"Pop a Top" debuted at number 49 on the U.S. Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks for the week of October 9, 1999.
| Chart (1999) | Peak position |
| Canada Country Tracks (RPM) | 2 |
| US Billboard Hot 100 | 43 |
| US Hot Country Songs (Billboard) | 6 |

#### Year-end charts

| Chart (2000) | Position |
| US Country Songs (Billboard) | 51 |
# Makardaha

Makardah is a census town in Domjur CD Block of Howrah Sadar subdivision in Howrah district in the Indian state of West Bengal.

## Geography

Makardaha is located at 22°37′N 88°14′E﻿ / ﻿22.62°N 88.24°E﻿ / 22.62; 88.24. Saraswati River used to flow past the town.

## Demographics

As per 2011 Census of India, Makardaha had a total population of 8,713 of which 4,428 (51%) were males and 4,285 (49%) were females. Population below 6 years was 756. The total number of literates in Makardaha was 7,048 (88.58% of the population over 6 years).
Makardaha was part of Kolkata Urban Agglomeration in 2011 census.
As of 2001 India census, Makardaha had a population of 6,730. Males constitute 51% of the population and females 49%. Makardaha has an average literacy rate of 79%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 82% and female literacy is 75%. In Makardaha, 9% of the population is under 6 years of age.

## Transport

Amta Road (part of State Highway 15) is the artery of the town. Makardaha-Mahiari Road also starts from here.

### Bus
#### Private Bus

* 63 Domjur - Howrah Station
* E44 Rampur - Howrah Station
* K11 Domjur - Rabindra Sadan

#### Mini Bus

* 16 Domjur - Howrah Station
* 31 Makardaha - Khidirpur
* 34 Purash - Howrah Station
* 35 Hantal - Howrah Station

#### CTC Bus

* C11 Domjur - B.B.D. Bagh/Belgachia
* C11/1 Munsirhat - Howrah Station

#### Bus Routes Without Numbers

* Bargachia - Sealdah Station (Barafkal)
* Pancharul - Howrah Station
* Udaynarayanpur - Howrah Station
* Rajbalhat - Howrah Station
* Tarakeswar - Howrah Station

### Train

Jhaluarbar railway station and Makardaha railway station are situated 18 kilometres (11 mi) and 20 kilometres (12 mi) respectively from Howrah Station on Howrah-Amta line. It is part of the Kolkata Suburban Railway railway system.

## Culture

The temple of Makarchandi is the main attraction here. The original temple is believed to have been built by Srimanta Sadagar, who received the command of the goddess Chandi (a manifestation of goddess Durga) in a dream while sailing along the once mighty Saraswati River. Three pieces of stone lying in the present temple complex are believed to be the remains of the old temple. The present temple was built in 1821 (1743 Shakbada / 1228 Bangabda) by Ramkanta Kundu Choudhury, zamindar of Mahiari or Mouri as per the foundation stone of the temple. The temple with a height of about 40 feet (12 m) was renovated by the Birla Trust in the year 1968. A fair is being organised on the occasion of local Panchamdol festival. It is celebrated during and after Holi or Doljatra.
# Bhandardaha

Bhandardaha is a census town in Domjur CD Block of Howrah Sadar subdivision in Howrah district in the state of West Bengal, India.

## Geography

Bhandardaha is located at 22°37′N 88°13′E﻿ / ﻿22.62°N 88.21°E﻿ / 22.62; 88.21. It has an average elevation of 12 metres (39 feet).

## Demographics

As per 2011 Census of India, Bhandardaha had a total population of 5,667 of which 2,873 (51%) were males and 2,794 (49%) were females. Population below 6 years was 592. The total number of literates in Bhandardaha was 4,143 (81.64% of the population over 6 years).
Bhandardaha was part of Kolkata Urban Agglomeration in 2011 census.
As of 2001 India census, Bhandardaha had a population of 4816. Males constitute 50% of the population and females 50%. Bhandardaha has an average literacy rate of 65%, higher than the national average of 59.5%; with male literacy of 70% and female literacy of 60%. 11% of the population is under 6 years of age.

## Transport
### Bus

Amta Road (part of State Highway 15) is the artery of the town.

#### Private Bus

* 63 Domjur - Howrah Station
* E44 Rampur - Howrah Station
* K11 Domjur - Rabindra Sadan

#### Mini Bus

* 16 Domjur - Howrah Station
* 31 Makardaha - Khidirpur
* 34 Purash - Howrah Station
* 35 Hantal - Howrah Station

#### CTC Bus

* C11 Domjur - B.B.D. Bagh/Belgachia
* C11/1 Munsirhat - Howrah Station

#### Bus Routes Without Numbers

* Bargachia - Sealdah Station (Barafkal)
* Pancharul - Howrah Station
* Udaynarayanpur - Howrah Station
* Rajbalhat - Howrah Station
* Tarakeswar - Howrah Station

### Train

Makardaha railway station and Domjur Road railway station on Howrah-Amta line are the nearest railway stations.
# Northern Ireland Law Commission

The Northern Ireland Law Commission was a Law Commission in Northern Ireland created under section 50 of the Justice (Northern Ireland) Act 2002, implementing recommendations following the Good Friday Agreement. It replaced the non-statutory Law Reform Advisory Committee. The commission has been "non-operational" since April 2015.
The Northern Ireland Law Commission kept the law of Northern Ireland under review, with a view to law reform. It had five members, a part-time chairman and four full-time commissioners, appointed by the Secretary of State for Northern Ireland. The chairman was a judge of the High Court of Northern Ireland, who retained judicial office. The other commissioners were a barrister, a solicitor, a legal academic, and a layperson.
# Mathematical instrument

A mathematical instrument is a tool or device used in the study or practice of mathematics. In geometry, construction of various proofs was done using only a compass and straightedge; arguments in these proofs relied only on idealized properties of these instruments and literal construction was regarded as only an approximation. In applied mathematics, mathematical instruments were used for measuring angles and distances, in astronomy, navigation, surveying and in the measurement of time.

## Overview

Instruments such as the astrolabe, the quadrant, and others were used to measure and accurately record the relative positions and movements of planets and other celestial objects. The sextant and other related instruments were essential for navigation at sea.
Most instruments are used within the field of geometry, including the ruler, dividers, protractor, set square, compass, ellipsograph, T-square and opisometer. Others are used in arithmetic (for example the abacus, slide rule and calculator) or in algebra (the integraph). In astronomy, many have said the pyramids (along with Stonehenge) were actually instruments used for tracking the stars over long periods or for the annual planting seasons.

## In schools

The Oxford Set of Mathematical Instruments is a set of instruments used by generations of school children in the United Kingdom and around the world in mathematics and geometry lessons. It includes two set squares, a 180° protractor, a 15 cm ruler, a metal compass, a metal divider, a 9 cm pencil, a pencil sharpener, an eraser and a 10mm stencil.
# Men's Party

Men's Party (German: Männerpartei), abbreviated as M, is a minor political party in Austria, which campaigns for "equal opportunities and equal treatment" of men before the law.

## History

The Men's Party was founded in 2008 by Oliver Peter Hoffmann and has been active in the public sphere since 2009. The first focus of its political work was on "equal rights for fathers". The Men's Party organized panel discussions, demonstrations and media work on this topic.
In the 2010 Vienna elections, the party ran as part of the Direct Democracy Platform (DEM), an electoral alliance of five groups. DEM was only in Donaustadt on the ballot and received in the End only 331 votes (0.04%).
In the 2013 National Council elections, the Men's Party ran in the State of Vorarlberg and received 488 votes, which corresponded to 0.28% of the valid votes in Vorarlberg and 0.01% in Austria.
The party ran for the first time in the 2014 Vorarlberg state elections, achieving 0.39% (672 votes) and no seats.
In the 2015 state elections in Vienna, the party ran again in the district of Donaustadt and achieved 0.17% (152 votes) there (total in Vienna: 0.02%).
The party contested the 2017 National Council elections in Vorarlberg, but missed out on a seat in the National Council by a clear margin with only 221 votes (0.00% total in Austria).
The party achieved 567 votes (0.34%) in its last appearance in an election in October 2019 in the Vorarlberg state election.

## Election results
### National Council

National Council of Austria :
| Election year | # of total votes | % of overall vote | # of seats | Government |
| 2013 | 488 | 0.01% | 0 / 183 | Extra-parliamentary |
| 2017 | 221 | 0.01% | 0 / 183 | Extra-parliamentary |

### State Parliaments

| State | Year | Votes | % | Seats | ± | Government |
| Vienna | 2010 | 331 | 0.04 (#9) | 0 / 100 | N/A | Extra-parliamentary |
| Vorarlberg | 2014 | 672 | 0.39 (#9) | 0 / 36 | N/A | Extra-parliamentary |
| Vienna | 2015 | 152 | 0.02 (#10) | 0 / 100 | N/A | Extra-parliamentary |
| Vorarlberg | 2019 | 567 | 0.34 (#10) | 0 / 36 | N/A | Extra-parliamentary |
# Eleanor Winthrop Young

Eleanor "Len" Winthrop Young (1895–1994) was a British climber. She was a co-founder and the first president of the Pinnacle Club, a British women's climbing club, and made numerous ascents in the Alps and many in the United Kingdom.

## Early life

Eleanor Slingsby was born in 1895 in Carleton-in-Craven, West Riding of Yorkshire. She was the youngest of five children born to William Cecil Slingsby (1849–1920), a mill owner and climber with extensive experience in Norway who became known as "the father of Norwegian mountaineering". Slingsby introduced each of his children to climbing at a young age around their local village.
In 1902, aged seven, Eleanor first met English mountaineer Geoffrey Winthrop Young (1876–1958) at her home in Carleton-in-Craven. She married him in 1918; by that time, he had lost a leg in the war and she helped him to regain his climbing abilities with an artificial leg. At the end of 1924 they moved to Cambridge with their son Jocelin who had been born on 25 October 1919. A daughter named Marcia was born on 11 March 1925, she went on to marry Peter Newbolt, the grandson of Sir Henry John Newbolt.

## Climbing career

Winthrop Young first visited Norway with her father in 1921, on a climbing expedition that made her "ecstatic". The same year, she co-founded the Pinnacle Club, a club for women rock climbers that she felt would "serve the double purpose of promoting the independent development of the climbing art amongst women and of bringing into touch with one another those who are already united by the bond of common love for a noble sport". She served as the club's first president, and its inaugural meeting was at the Welsh pass Pen-y-Gwryd on 26 March 1921. An article published in the Alpine Journal after Winthrop Young's death noted that she had earned "her own special place in mountaineering history" for her involvement with the Pinnacle Club. She was on the committee of the Norwegian Alpine Club and the Fell & Rock Climbing Club.
Winthrop Young's climbing record included many ascents in Britain as well as several trips to the Alps, usually with her husband. Among these climbs in the Alps was a "spectacular" traverse of the Hohstock made by Eleanor, Geoffrey and Jocelin with a mountain guide in 1931. She also ascended the Rimpfischhorn in the same year. With a guide, she made the first ascent of the southernmost peak of the Fusshörner.

## Published works

Winthrop Young edited her father's book, Norway: the Northern Playground (1941), to which her husband appended a biographical sketch of Slingsby. The couple also co-wrote a 1948 book, In Praise of Mountains.

## Death

Winthrop Young died in a nursing home in Norfolk in late January 1994.
# Élisabeth de Mac Mahon

Élisabeth Charlotte Sophie de Mac Mahon, Marquise de Mac Mahon, Duchesse de Magenta (née de La Croix de Castries (13 February 1834 – 20 February 1900) was the wife of the President of France Patrice de MacMahon.

## Biography

De la Croix de Castries was born in Paris in 1834, the daughter of Comte Armand de la Croix de Castries (1807–1862), of the House of Castries, a noble family from Languedoc, by his wife Maria Augusta d′Harcourt, of the House of Harcourt.
She married, on 14 March 1854, Patrice de Mac-Mahon, who was to become Marechal de France and Duke of Magenta in 1859. Her spouse became President of France in 1873. Élisabeth de Mac Mahon established and participated in representation, decorated the Presidential Palace, hosted balls where she mixed the old and new aristocracy, dressed in the latest fashion and became the president in the French Red Cross, where she started a charity project in making baby clothes for the poor.
Élisabeth de Mac Mahon is known to have exerted influence upon the affairs of state during the presidency of Mac-Mahon. Her opinion about various political ministers and officials were respected, and she supported the claims of the count of Chambord on the throne of France. She played a part in the 16 May 1877 crisis, which ultimately led to her husband′s resignation in January 1879.
In 1898, she had a paralytic attack, from which she only partially recovered, and she died in Paris on 20 February 1900.
The Magentas left four children:
* Marie Armand Patrice de Mac Mahon (1855–1927), who succeeded as Duke of Magenta, and who married Princess Marguerite d'Orléans (1869-1940), daughter of Prince Robert, Duke of Chartres
* Marie-Eugène de MacMahon, comte de MacMahon (1857–1907)
* Marie-Emmanuel de MacMahon, comte de MacMahon (1859–1930)
* Marie de MacMahon (1863–1964), who married Comte d′Halwin de Piennes
# Contextual objectivity

Contextual objectivity is a principle with roots in quantum mechanics that was adapted and applied to explain and describe the operations of news media organizations during times of war. Proposed by Adel Iskandar and Mohammed El-Nawawy in their analysis of Al-Jazeera as a case study, the term expresses the attempt "to reflect all sides of any story while retaining the values, beliefs and sentiments of the target audience". The concept has been applied by some scholars to explain Fox News Channel's news programming in the 2002–2003 run-up to the Iraq War. Other studies used contextual objectivity to describe differences between mainstream media and alternative ethnic media's coverage of post-Hurricane Katrina relief efforts.
# Chuldu

Chuldu, Huldu, or Khuld (Nabataean Aramaic: 𐢊𐢑𐢅𐢈‎ Ḥūldū; fl. 1st-century CE), was a Queen of the Nabataeans, spouse and co-ruler of Aretas IV in 9 BC–AD 16.
She ruled jointly with her husband from 9 BCE until 16 CE. Copper and silver coins where she is depicted with her husband have been recovered. Little is known about the exact date and reason of the transition from Chuldu to Shaqilath, who appears on coins after an unexplained gap in 18 CE. Maurice Satre suggested previous gaps in the minting of coins could have been due to a period of capitulation to Ancient Rome.
She has been presumed to be the mother of Malichus II, Obodas and Rabbel, and of three daughters, Phasa'el (first wife of Herod Antipas), Shu'dat and Hagera. The latter also had a son, also called Aretas, grandson of Aretas IV.
# Charlie Stukes

Charlie Stukes (born September 13, 1943), is a former professional American football defensive back. He started in Super Bowl V for the Baltimore Colts. He previously worked as an assistant principal at Oscar Smith High School in Chesapeake, Virginia. In 2016 he was working at the same school as an administrator.
# Dina Zulfikar

Dina Ezz El-Dine Zulfikar (Egyptian Arabic: دينا ذو الفقار, ‘Dīna Zū al-Fiqār, ‘Dina Zulficar, ‘Dina Zulfakar; born April 22, 1962) is an Egyptian environmentalist, film distributor and animal, wildlife rights activist. She is a member of the Animal welfare and rights in the Netherlands.

## Early life and education

Dina Zulfikar was born on April 22, 1962, in Zamalek district of Cairo, to Ezz El-Dine Zulfikar, filmmaker, previously a military officer and Kawthar Shafika, actress. She had a great sympathy towards animals in her childhood. Her activism began while she was a student at Cairo University. Zulfikar teamed up with her childhood friend Amina Abaza and together they established SPARE Animal Welfare Society.

## Career

Zulfikar graduated from Cairo University in 1983, majoring in Business Administration. She worked in the US Military Cooperation Office in Egypt, and established the Arab Celebrity website. She also owned a film distribution company in Egypt and France, and then devoted herself entirely to animal rights.
Recently, Dina Zulfikar called for the inclusion of articles in the Egyptian constitution for the welfare of animals and the preservation of wildlife. She also called for improving the living conditions of animals in zoos and for the application of international standards. She became one of Egypt's most determined and dedicated animal welfare advocates.
# Superparamagnetic iron–platinum particles

Superparamagnetic iron platinum particles (SIPPs) are nanoparticles that have been reported as magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents. These are, however, investigational agents which have not yet been tried in humans.