OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Hans Witsenhausen

Hans S. Witsenhausen (6 May 1930 in Frankfurt am Main, Germany - 19 November 2016 in New York City, New York) is notable for his work in the fields of control and information theory, and their intersection. He has many foundational results including the intrinsic model in stochastic decentralized control, the Witsenhausen counterexample, his work on Turán graph, and the various notions of common information in information theory.
He received the I.C.M.E. degree in electrical engineering in 1953 and the degree of Licence en Sciences in mathematical physics in 1956, both from the Universite Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium. He received the S.M. and Ph.D. degrees in electrical engineering from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, in 1964 and 1966, respectively From 1957 to 1959 he was engaged in problem analysis and programming at the European Computation Center, Brussels. From 1960 to 1963 he was a Senior Engineer at the Research and Computation Division of Electronic Associates, inc., Princeton, N.J., where he worked on analog and hybrid computer techniques and on systems analysis problems. From 1963 to 1965 he was associated with the Electronic Systems Laboratory and the Lincoln Laboratory at MIT. During 1965–1966 he was a fellow of the Fannie and John Hertz Foundation.
This biography appears in his paper.
# Tor Limestone

The Tor Limestone is a geologic formation in Nevada. It preserves fossils dating back to the Devonian period.
# Tanychlamys amboinensis

Tanychlamys amboinensis is a species of air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Ariophantidae. The species has an extended mantle, the mantle collar, and caudal horn on the tail.

## Distribution

This species occurs in countries including:
* Vietnam
* Indonesia

## Description

| Shells. | Caudal horn. | Dorsal view. |
# Ammonium ozonide

Ammonium ozonide is an oxygen rich molecule containing an ammonium cation (NH$_4$$^+$) and an ozonide anion (O$_3$$^−$). Ammonium ozonide, like alkali ozonides, is a red solid. Ammonium ozonide is stable at low temperatures, but it decomposes to ammonium nitrate at temperatures above -70 °C.

## Preparation and decomposition

Ammonium ozonide is made by bubbling gaseous ozone through liquid ammonia at -110 °C. This method suffers from a low yield.
    12 NH$_3$ + 11 O$_3$ → 9 NH$_4$O$_3$ + 3 NO$_2$
Ammonium ozonide decomposes into ammonium nitrate, oxygen gas, and water. If the above reaction is done at high temperatures, these decomposition products result immediately and no ozonide is formed.
    4 NH$_4$O$_3$ → 2 NH$_4$NO$_3$ + O$_2$ + 4 H$_2$O
# Dimitris Bena

Dimitris Mpena (Greek: Δημήτρης Μπένα; born 9 July 1996) is a Greek footballer, who currently plays for Ethnikos Piraeus in the Football League 2 as a centre back. He broke through the first team in 2012 and learned a lot under the guidance of Giorgos Syros.
# Nadja Sthamer

Nadja Sthamer (born 13 March 1990) is a German politician of the Social Democratic Party (SPD) who has been serving as a member of the Bundestag since 2021.

## Early life and education

Sthamer was born 1990 in the East German town of Reichenbach im Vogtland and moved to Leipzig in 2008. She studied political science and religious studies at the Leipzig University. During her studies, she completed internships at the offices of Friedrich Ebert Foundation (FES) in Addis Ababa (2012) and Kyiv (2013).

## Political career

Sthamer became a member of the Bundestag in the 2021 election, representing the Leipzig II district.
In parliament, Sthamer has since been serving on the Committee on Economic Cooperation and Development and the Committee on Human Rights and Humanitarian Aid.
In addition to her committee assignments, Sthamer has been one of the founding members of a cross-party group promoting a One Health approach since 2022.

## Other activities

* German Institute for Development Evaluation (DEval), Alternate Member of the Advisory Board (since 2022)
* German Federation for the Environment and Nature Conservation (BUND), Member (since 2019)
* German United Services Trade Union (ver.di), Member (since 2013)
# Sol Cohen

Sol Cohen (December 16, 1910 – July 28, 1988) was an American publisher who worked mostly in the science fiction field.

## Career

Cohen started his long association with Avon Publications in 1947, working as an editor for their comics division from 1947–1956. During this same period, from 1947–1949, Cohen was the circulation director and business manager of EC Comics. Also during this period, Cohen became associated with Golden Age comics financier Harry Donenfeld; in 1949 the two men helped found the publisher Youthful Magazines.
Cohen edited Avon magazines, including Avon Science Fiction & Fantasy Reader, through most of the 1950s, eventually became an Avon Books vice-president. When Cohen's stock gains from that job enabled him to retire in the early 1960s, he decided to continue working in publishing, and joined Robert Guinn at Galaxy Science Fiction.
Cohen left Galaxy in 1965, and bought Amazing Stories and Fantastic from Ziff-Davis, forming a new publishing company, Ultimate Publishing, to do so. Cohen's tenure as publisher of Amazing Stories and Fantastic was filled with conflicts with his editors, contributors, and the Science Fiction Writers of America.
In 1977, Cohen sold his half of the business to his partner, Arthur Bernhard, and moved to Fort Lauderdale. He died in July 1988.
# Brooklyn Soda Works

Brooklyn Soda Works is a small-scale artisanal craft soda company based in Brooklyn, New York owned by Caroline Mak and Antonio Ramos.

## History

The company operates out of a commercial kitchen in Bedford-Stuyvesant section of Brooklyn. The drinks are carried by food restaurants such as the Blue Hill Restaurant in Manhattan.

## Beverage flavors

The company offers different flavors based on their experimentation, such as cucumber lime sea salt, and watermelon tarragon lemon.
# Tourmakeady Formation

The Tourmakeady Formation is a geologic formation in Ireland. It preserves fossils dating back to the Ordovician period.
# Letter to an Anti-Zionist Friend

"Letter to an Anti-Zionist Friend" is an open letter falsely attributed to Martin Luther King Jr. that expressed support for Zionism and declared that "anti-Zionist is inherently anti-Semitic, and ever will be so."

## History

The forgery may have been inspired by a statement made by King at a dinner event in Cambridge, Massachusetts. According to Seymour Martin Lipset, who was present at that dinner, an African American student made a statement sharply critical of Zionists at the dinner that Lipset recalled as having taken place "shortly before he was assassinated", and King replied: "Don't talk like that. When people criticize Zionists, they mean Jews. You're talking anti-Semitism."
According to Eric Sundquist, "eventually, through channels that are difficult to pin down", this quotation was transformed into a text purportedly by King titled 'Letter to an Anti-Zionist Friend,' which supposedly appeared in an August 1967 issue of Saturday Review and was purportedly reprinted in a book This I Believe: Selections from the Writings of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. However, no such letter was published in any of the four Saturday Review issues released that month, and no book by that name has been located. The letter was not found in the King archives at Boston University.
There appear to be no references to the letter before 1999. Tim Wise suggests that it originated with Marc Schneier, who published portions of it in Shared Dreams: Martin Luther King Jr. and the Jewish Community that year. Martin Luther King III wrote the preface to Shared Dreams.
According to a Harvard Crimson article published days after King's death, King had not been to Cambridge since April 23, 1967. However, Martin Kramer found that King had been in Boston on October 27, 1967, where he spoke at the Cambridge home of Marty Peretz, then an instructor of Social Studies at Harvard, and rebuked an anti-Zionist student in Lipset's presence.
The letter was quoted by Ariel Sharon before the Knesset on January 26, 2005. It was also cited by the Anti-Defamation League in testimony before the United States House of Representatives. Other prominent individuals quoting the letter include Natan Sharansky and Mortimer Zuckerman.

## Correspondence with King's views

According to Sundquist, King "paid frequent tribute to Jewish support for black rights, defended Israel's right to exist, supported the Jewish state during the Six-Day War (while calling for a negotiated settlement in keeping with his advocacy of nonviolence), and on more than one occasion opposed the anti-Zionism then taking increasing hold in the Black Power movement." According to Sundquist, while the letter is a hoax, the sentiments it expresses "are in no way at odds with King's views."
Wise asserts that King "appears never to have made any public comment about Zionism per se." According to Wise, the Lipset quote does not support the claim that opposition to Zionism was inherently anti-Semitic, and the comment in question may have been limited to the specific circumstances: "As for what King would say today about Israel, Zionism, and the Palestinian struggle, one can only speculate."
# Vittore Gambello

Vittore Gambello (1460–1537) was an Italian sculptor and medallist.
Gambello was born in Venice, and initially studied drawing under Giovanni Bellini.
He was first noted for his work with medals. Gambello was granted the title "Maestro della Stampe" at the Venetian Mint in 1484. Instead of using the established techniques of casting medals in sand or using the lost-wax process, he perfected a method for stamping medals in high relief. This led to the ability to get more detail and create larger production runs. Some of his works reside at the Cleveland Museum of Art.
# Sudovian Upland

Sudovian Upland (Lithuanian: Sūduvos aukštuma) or Sūduva Heights is a hilly terrain in the south-west of Lithuania, north-eastern Poland, and eastern Kaliningrad Oblast. It is a part of the Baltic Uplands. The current terrain of the uplands was formed after the last ice age as a result of repeated regressions during warmer periods and progressions during colder periods.
The topography is hilly with rolling terrain. The northern part is dominated by large and medium-sized hills of morainic loam, the southern edge by small gravelly and sandy hills.
There are around 250 lakes in the area. The deepest lake in Poland, Hańcza, is located in the uplands, as well as other deep and large lakes, such as Wigry Lake and Vištytis Lake. The Peršėkė and Šešupė rivers flow through the Sudovian Upland.
Vištytis Regional Park, Meteliai Regional Park and Veisiejai Regional Park are located within the uplands
# Desná (Morava)

The Desná (called Divoká Desná upstream; German: Tess) is a river in the Czech Republic, a left tributary of the Morava River. It flows through the Olomouc Region. It is 43.4 km (27.0 mi) long.

## Etymology

The Old Czech adjective desná meant 'right'. Because people went upstream when settling the landscape, the rivers with this name flowed as if from the right side (although they are actually left-side tributaries). On the upper course, until its cofluence with the Hučivá Desná creek, the river is also called Divoká Desná.

## Characteristic

The Desná originates in the territory of Loučná nad Desnou in the Hrubý Jeseník at the elevation of 1,333 m (4,373 ft) and flows to Postřelmov, where it enters the Morava River at an elevation of 281 m (922 ft). It is 43.4 km (27.0 mi) long. Its drainage basin has an area of 337.8 km$^2$ (130.4 sq mi).
The longest tributaries of the Desná are:
| Tributary | Length (km) | River km | Side |
| Merta | 17.0 | 17.0 | left |
| Losinka | 12.3 | 16.5 | right |
| Bratrušovský potok | 11.5 | 8.0 | right |
| Malínský potok | 9.8 | 9.9 | left |

## Course

The river flows through the municipal territories of Loučná nad Desnou, Velké Losiny, Petrov nad Desnou, Rapotín, Vikýřovice, Šumperk, Dolní Studénky, Bludov, Sudkov and Postřelmov.

## Bodies of water

There are 95 bodies of water in the basin area. The largest of them are the Dlouhé stráně reservoirs with an area of 13.9 ha (34 acres) (upper reservoir) and 9.5 ha (23 acres) (lower reservoir), built on the Desná. It is known for the Dlouhé stráně Hydro Power Plant. There are two fishponds supplied with water from the lower course of the river.

## Nature

The upper course of the river flows through the Jeseníky Protected Landscape Area.
# The Seven Tasks of Ali Baba

The Seven Tasks of Ali Baba (Italian: Le 7 fatiche di Alì Babà) is a 1962 Italian adventure film directed by Emimmo Salvi and featuring Bella Cortez, Salvatore Furnari and Iloosh Khoshabe in lead roles.
# Traverse Group

The Traverse Group is a geologic group in Michigan, Indiana and Ohio comprising middle Devonian limestones with calcareous shale components. Its marine fossils notably include Michigan's state stone, the Petoskey stone (the extinct coral Hexagonaria percarinata), among other corals and records of ancient marine life. A range of trilobites has also been found in the Traverse Group.
The Traverse Group outcrops in Emmet and Charlevoix counties along the northwestern shore of Michigan's lower peninsula. Its formations are Gravel Point, Charlevoix Limestone, Petoskey, and Whiskey Creek. The Gravel Point Formation consists of a lithographic gray to brown limestone with shale beds up to 0.5 meters thick; it also includes chert nodules and bioherms (fossilized reef mounds). The Charlevoix Limestone is a mildly argillaceous limestone with interbedded coquina. The Petoskey Formation is an arenaceous limestone named for its locale (Petoskey, Michigan), and contains the eponymous Petoskey stones. The Whiskey Creek Formation is a limestone.
The Traverse Group formed as a shallow carbonate shelf during the Devonian period (~419 to 359 Ma), when the most recent supercontinent, Pangea, was just beginning to take shape.
# Thuthse

Thuthse is a fermented alcoholic beverage made from sticky rice, originating from the Indian state of Nagaland. It is similar to Zutho but is thicker, stronger and sweeter. It is the traditional drink of the Angami and Chakhesang Nagas, but now it is commonly consumed by all Nagas in Nagaland.
# Annie Krull

Anna Maria Krull (12 January 1876 – 14 June 1947) was a German operatic soprano. She is most remembered today for having created the title role in Richard Strauss' opera Elektra.

## Biography

Annie Krull was born in Rostock, studied in Berlin with Hertha Brämer, and made her stage debut in 1898 at the Plauen Stadttheater as Agathe in Der Freischütz. From 1900 to 1912, she sang at the Dresden State Opera, where in 1901 she created the title role in Paderewski's Manru and Diemut in Richard Strauss' early opera Feuersnot. Strauss, who had admired her dramatic qualities, then chose her to be the first Elektra. A year after its premiere in Dresden on 25 January 1909, she repeated the role at London's Royal Opera House. It was the first time a Strauss opera was performed in Britain.
Krull sang regularly in several other German opera houses (Mannheim, Weimar, Leipzig, Cologne, Karlsruhe and Schwerin) as well as appearing in Brno (1905) and Prague (1907). Amongst the other roles she sang were Leonore in Fidelio, Senta in The Flying Dutchman, Elsa in Lohengrin, Elisabeth in Tannhäuser, Sieglinde in Die Walküre, Isolde in Tristan und Isolde, Margiana in Der Barbier von Bagdad, Marta in Tiefland, and Valentine in Les Huguenots.
Annie Krull had married the bass Max Flor in 1904, and in her later years lived in Schwerin where she taught singing. She died there on 14 June 1947 at the age of 71.

## Recordings

Krull's voice can be heard on a complete recording of Act 2 of Tannhäuser made in Berlin in 1909 for Odeon, further records were made for Pathé (Berlin 1913). A remastered version appears on Wagner: Tannhäuser Act II; Lohengrin Bridal Scene (Preiser Records 89949)

## Sources

* Kutsch, K.J. and Riemens, Leo, Unvergangliche Stimmen, Francke Verlag Bern, 1962, p. 277.
* Rosenthal, H. and Warrack, J., The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Opera, 2nd Edition, Oxford University Press, 1979, p. 267
* Girard & Barnes: Vertical-cut Cylinders and Discs, BIRS London 1971
* Opera
* Germany
# The Patience

The Patience is the fourth studio album by American rapper Mick Jenkins, released on August 18, 2023, released through RBC Records and BMG. The album features guest appearances from Freddie Gibbs, Benny the Butcher, JID, and Vic Mensa.

## Background

Mick Jenkins announced the album on July 7, 2023. On the same day, he released the album's lead single, "Smoke Break-Dance" featuring American rapper JID, alongside a music video. On July 28, 2023, Jenkins announced the album's tracklist, alongside the album's second single, "Guapanese." The album released on August 18, 2023.
In October 2023, Jenkins announced the "Thank You for Waiting Tour" with Canadian rapper TOBi in support of the album. The tour began on January 19, 2024 in Chicago and ends on March 6, 2024 in Leeds. The deluxe version of the album released on January 19, 2024.

## Critical reception

Professional ratings :
| Aggregate scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Metacritic | 86⁄100 |
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Beats per Minute | 78% |
| HipHopDX | 4.2/5 |
| The Line of Best Fit | 9/10 |
According to the review aggregator Metacritic, The Patience received "universal acclaim" based on a weighted average score of 86 out of 100 from 4 critic scores.
Writing for Beats per Minute, Steve Forstneger praised the album's production as "a familiar mixture of soulful jazz, jazzy soul, and beats that range from distorted snares to spartan R&B." Alec Siegel of HipHopDX praised Jenkins' writing and delivery on the album, stating: "Jenkins plows through the album with rabid intensity, allowing his delivery to do most of the talking. His writing is crisp and to the point, but it’s his voice – the captivating vigor – that dominates each track." Sheldon Pearce of NPR Music described the album as "a controlled but emphatic album constantly evaluating the measures of his artistry and its place in his development as a person." The Line of Best Fit's Steven Loftin praised the album as a "classy combination" of jazz instrumentals with Jenkins' "pent up thoughts on everything from the state of rap to racial injustice." Writing for BrooklynVegan, Andrew Sacher praised Jenkins' performance on the album, writing: "As ever, he’s a masterful rhymer, an out-of-the-box thinker, and he has an ear for melody. On The Patience, he applies those familiar tricks in new settings and proves to be more versatile than ever." KTSW's Thomas Stevens concludes his review writing: "Jenkins delivers on every song with finesse and with almost zero words wasted." Calum Slingerland of Exclaim! described Jenkins' delivery on the album as "his most urgent in recent memory" and that it drives "determined observations on money, clout, authenticity, resilience and ways of coping with the highs and lows."
Year-end lists :
| Publication | Accolade | Rank |
| HipHopDX | Best Rap Albums Of 2023 | — |
| The Line of Best Fit | 2023 Albums of the year | 16 |
| NPR Music | Best Albums of 2023 | — |
# GCP

GCP may refer to:

## Companies and organizations

* GCP Applied Technologies, an American chemical company
* GCP Infrastructure Investments, a British investment trust
* Global Centre for Pluralism, in Ottawa, Canada US.
* Global Charity Project, a student-run organization at Marymount University
* Global Carbon Project, an organisation that studies greenhouse gas emissions
* Grand Central Partnership, a not-for-profit corporation that manages a business improvement area in New York City, US
* Greater Cambridge Partnership, a 'City Deal' in the UK since 2013

### Political parties

* German Communist Party
* Ghana Congress Party, a political party of the Gold Coast

### Military

* Commando Parachute Group (French: Groupement des commandos parachutistes), French special forces
* Group of Popular Combatants (Spanish: Grupos de Combatientes Populares), an Ecuadorean insurgence group

## Science and technology

* Giantin, a protein
* Good clinical practice, an international quality standard for clinical trials

### Computing

* Games Computers Play, a 1980s online gaming service
* Google Cloud Platform, a suite of computing services offered by Google
* Google Cloud Print, a Google service that prints documents
* Ground control point, in geographic information system image rectification

## Other uses

* Global Consciousness Project, a parapsychology experiment attempting to detect possible interactions of "global consciousness" with physical systems
* Grand Central Parkway, a road in New York City, US
* Greater Chennai Police, law enforcement agency in Chennai, India
# Hamburg Inn No. 2

The Hamburg Inn No. 2 is a small family diner located near downtown in Iowa City, Iowa, in the United States. The Hamburg Inn is a regular stop for presidential candidates during the Iowa Caucuses. Ronald Reagan, Bill Clinton, and Barack Obama have visited, and the restaurant was featured on the TV show, The West Wing.

## History

Joe Panther started the Hamburg Inn on Iowa Avenue in the mid-1930s. Later, Joe's brother Adrian joined the business, and eventually bought the restaurant from Joe. In 1948, Mrs. Van's Restaurant at 214 North Linn Street came up for sale and was bought by another brother, Fritz, and his wife, Fran, which would become known as the Hamburg Inn No. 2. Adrian and Fritz formed a partnership and over the years developed several restaurants, the Hamburg Inns No. 1 and No. 2, the Big Ten Inn on Riverside Drive and the Airport Inn in Iowa City. They also had the Hamburg Inn No. 3 in Cedar Rapids on Center Point Road. As of 2011 Hamburg Inn No. 2 is the only location remaining of the three. Dave Panther, Fritz and Fran's son, bought the restaurant in 1979 from his parents and continued the tradition. In 2016 the diner was purchased by Michael Lee, who announced plans to expand the diner into a chain, with locations across the Midwest and in China.

## Food and drink

The "Burg" has also been widely acclaimed as one of the best "greasy spoons" in Iowa. It serves breakfast all day long, and serves a wide variety of omelettes sided by homefries.
One of the more famous Hamburg Inn concoctions is the "pie shake", a milkshake made by blending soft serve ice cream, milk, and a slice of pie.

## Iowa Caucuses

During the Iowa Caucuses, candidates seeking the presidential nomination of their party frequently meet caucus-goers at the Hamburg Inn. The restaurant conducts a coffee-bean caucus, in which each guest is given a coffee bean to place in the jar of his/her candidate. Howard Dean won in 2004, with Dennis Kucinich and John Kerry coming in second and third, respectively. In 2008, Barack Obama won the Democratic contest with John Edwards and Hillary Clinton coming in second and third. Mike Huckabee won for the Republicans. Each year many political candidates visit the Hamburg Inn to increase the publicity to Iowa. John Edwards visited there in the 2008 election. Former governor Mike Huckabee and governor Chris Christie visited during the 2016 election cycle.

## Appearances

Major political appearances include:
* President Ronald Reagan
* President Bill Clinton
* General Wesley Clark
* Congressman Dennis Kucinich
* Governor Howard Dean
* Pat Buchanan
* Then-Senator Barack Obama
* Senator Elizabeth Warren
Major surrogate appearances:
* Elizabeth Edwards for her husband John Edwards
* Rob Reiner for Howard Dean
* Martin Sheen for Howard Dean
* Patch Adams for Dennis Kucinich