OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Zip

Zip, Zips or ZIP may refer to:

## Common uses

* ZIP Code, USPS postal code
* Zipper or zip, clothing fastener

## Science and technology
### Computing

* ZIP (file format), a compressed archive file format whose typical file extension is .zip
** zip, a command-line program from Info-ZIP
* Zipping (computer science), or zip, reorganizing lists of lists
* Zip drive, a removable disk storage system
* Zone Information Protocol, AppleTalk protocol
* Zip Chip, Apple II accelerators by Zip Technologies
* .zip (top-level domain), an Internet top-level domain operated by Google Registry

### Other science and technology

* Zip tone, in telephony
* Zig-zag in-line package, electronic packaging
* Zip fuel, a type of jet fuel
* Zip tie, a cable fastener
* Zrt- and Irt-like proteins, or Zips, zinc transporters

## Arts, entertainment and media

* Zip (game), a children's game
* Zip (roller coaster), at Oaks Amusement Park, Oregon, US
* Zip, a band formed by Pete Shelley
* Zip Comics, 1940-1944
* ZIP FM, a radio station, Vilnius, Lithuania
* ZIP Magazine, UK
* Zip, a character in the Tomb Raider video games
* Zip, a vertical line in Barnett Newman's paintings

### Film and television

* Zip (TUGS), a character in the British children's television series TUGS
* title character of Zip, the Dodger, a 1914 film starring Fatty Arbuckle
* ZIP, a fictional amnestic drug in the Blindspot TV series

## Brands, enterprises and products

* Zip (airline), a former Canadian airline
* Mr. ZIP, a promotional character
* Piaggio Zip, a scooter
* Zip Co, an Australian fintech company
* Zip Industries, an Australian manufacturer of hot water dispensers
* Zip's Drive-in, an American restaurant chain
* Zip.ca, a Canadian DVD rental service
* Zip card, for travel in London, UK
* Zip Fires, firelighters

## Places

* Žíp, a village in Slovakia
* Spiš or Zips, Slovakia
* Zip City, Alabama, US

## People

* Zip Collins (1892–1983), American baseball player
* John Connolly (FBI) (born 1940), nicknamed "Zip"
* Zip Hanna (1916–2001), American football player
* Zip Zabel (1891–1970), American baseball player
* Bohdan Zip (1929–2017), Canadian politician
* Zip the Pinhead, American freak show performer William Henry Johnson (c. 1857–1926)
* a ring name of Tom Prichard (born 1959), American retired professional wrestler

## Other uses

* Zip, slang for zero
* Zips, a derogatory term used by Italian-American mobsters for newer immigrant Sicilian and Italian mafiosi
* Akron Zips, the University of Akron athletic teams
* Zip Feed Tower, a former grain elevator in Sioux Falls, South Dakota, US
# Alkalihalobacillus hunanensis

Alkalihalobacillus hunanensis is a Gram-positive, rod-shaped, slightly halophilic, aerobic, endospore-forming and motile bacterium from the genus of Alkalihalobacillus which has been isolated from forest soil from Hunan.
# Berthun of Sussex

Berthun (died c. 685) was a dux of the South Saxons.
Bede's Historia ecclesiastica gentis Anglorum (book IV, chapter 15) records the invasion of the South Saxon kingdom by Caedwalla of the West Saxons and the killing of the South Saxon king Æthelwalh. Caedwalla was driven off by Berthun and Andhun of Sussex, who then jointly ruled the South Saxons. However, Bede reports, Beorhthun was later killed and the South Saxons conquered by Caedwalla. The Kings & Queens of Britain also states Caedwalla was driven off by Berthun and Andhun, but returned and recaptured the kingdom, killing Berthun c. 685.
# Onodera Yoshimichi

Onodera Yoshimichi (小野寺義道) (1566–1646) was the son of Onodera Terumichi (minor daimyō of Dewa Province).
Yoshimichi was the lord of Omori Castle, and a longtime rival of the clan Mogami. Yoshimichi himself later became a Daimyō of the Dewa. During the year 1594, Mogami Yoshiaki, an old enemy of Yoshimichi, deceived him into punishing one of his chief retainers. This deception greatly affected the unity among the retainers.
Later on, Ōtani Yoshitsugu was to conduct land surveys in Yoshimichi's domain, but he was ultimately called off. Yoshimichi's castle of Omori was besieged during the year 1599. Yoshimichi went on to support Uesugi Kagekatsu during the Sekigahara Campaign, but was afterwards deprived of his lands and exiled to the Chūgoku region during the year 1601.
# Act of entrustment

An act of entrustment is a legal requirement under European Union law to ensure that financial compensation for public services is not classified as "state aid" under the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU). This concept helps distinguish lawful public service funding from prohibited subsidies that distort competition in the internal market.

## Legal Basis

Article 106(2) of the TFEU (formerly Article 86(2) of the European Communities Treaty) provides a framework for ensuring that public services are subject to competition rules without compromising their ability to fulfill specific tasks. It states:
   Undertakings entrusted with the operation of services of general economic interest or having the character of a revenue-producing monopoly shall be subject to the rules contained in the Treaties, in particular to the rules on competition, in so far as the application of such rules does not obstruct the performance, in law or in fact, of the particular tasks assigned to them. The development of trade must not be affected to such an extent as would be contrary to the interests of the Union.

## The Altmark Case and Criteria

In its judgment in the case of Altmark Trans GmbH and Regierungsprasidium Magdeburg v. Nahverkehrsgesellschaft Altmark GmbH (the Altmark case), the Court of Justice of the European Union held that public sector compensation does not constitute state aid if the following four criteria are all met:
* Defined Obligations: The organisation receiving funds must have clearly defined public service obligations.
* Transparent Parameters: The method for calculating compensation must be pre-determined and transparent.
* Proportionality: Compensation must cover only the necessary costs for delivering the service, including reasonable profit.
* Selection or Cost Analysis: The organisation must either be selected through competitive bidding or be evaluated based on the costs of an efficient, well-run entity.

## Requirements for Acts of Entrustment

The European Commission has stated that an "act of entrustment" is necessary in order to set out the public service obligations of the undertaking and must have been committed to the organisation through an official act having legal force under the national law of the relevant EU member state. There need not be any specific legal framework covering acts of entrustment, but the act must extend sufficiently to create an obligation or accountability: permission, such as legal recognition or regulatory approval would not be sufficient. The obligation may be set out in legislation, the terms of a contract or in certain cases in a grant agreement. The act of entrustment should, in particular, state the nature, territorial scope and duration of the public service obligations, the organisation concerned, and the nature of any exclusive or special rights which the organisation may be able to exercise, along with the mechanism for calculating the level of compensation.
# Zamantı River

Zamantı River is a river in Central Anatolia, Turkey, crossing Kayseri Province in practically its whole course to join Seyhan River further south, of which it is the western, the longest and the most important tributary. Zamantı and Göksu join 80 km north of Adana to form Seyhan River.

## Etymology

According to Ramsay, the modern name of the river derives from the town of Tzamandos and translates to "the water that comes from Tzamandos". Through the Classical Antiquity until Byzantine times, the river was called Karmalas. In Byzantine times, the river was known as Onopniktes.

## Geography

Tracing a curvy course through the narrow valleys and cascades of the Taurus Mountains (called Aladağlar in this section), the river is one of the most favorite rafting spots in Turkey, particularly in its section around the town of Yahyalı, rated 3 in the international scale from 1 to 6 .
A 500 km$^2$ area along the river basin corresponds to Aladağlar National Park, mostly covered in forests and extending within Yahyalı (Kayseri Province), Çamardı (Niğde Province) and Aladağ (Adana Province) districts. A dozen peaks exceeding 3,000 meters also surround the river, making a prized destination among alpinists.
# Band-e Zarak

Band-e Zarak (Persian: بندزرك) is a city in, and the capital of, Band-e Zarak District of Minab County, Hormozgan province, Iran. It also serves as the administrative center for Band-e Zarak Rural District.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, Band-e Zarak's population was 4,386 in 776 households, when it was a village in Band-e Zarak Rural District of the Central District. The following census in 2011 counted 4,683 people in 1,026 households, by which time the rural district had been separated from the district in the formation of Band-e Zarak District. The 2016 census measured the population as 4,796 people in 1,279 households. It was the most populous village in its rural district.
Band-e Zarak was elevated to the status of a city after the census.
# Sophronica setosa

Sophronica setosa is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Stephan von Breuning in 1940.
# Belite Orli Stadium

Belite Orli Stadium is a multi-use stadium in Pleven, Bulgaria. It is currently used mostly for football matches and is the home ground of the Bulgarian football team PFC Belite Orli Pleven. The stadium holds 22,000 people.
* This article about a Bulgarian sports venue is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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43°24′25″N 24°36′29″E﻿ / ﻿43.40694°N 24.60806°E﻿ / 43.40694; 24.60806
# Tim Prinsen

Tim Prinsen (born March 1, 1971) is a former professional Canadian football offensive lineman and formerly the running backs coach for the Saskatchewan Roughriders of the Canadian Football League (CFL). He was drafted fourth overall by the Hamilton Tiger-Cats in the 1997 CFL Draft and played three seasons for the team, including a Grey Cup win in 1999. He then played for his hometown Eskimos for five seasons where he won his second championship in 2003. He played college football for the North Dakota Fighting Sioux.
# Else (Lenne)

Else is a 12.9 km river in Märkischer Kreis, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is a left tributary of the Lenne. The Else rises about 800m north of Herscheid to an altitude of 414m above sea level. As it flows to the east, the stream reaches the area of the Plettenberg-Hüinghausen airfield and passes the village of Hüinghausen on its southern edge. It then proceeds through Plettenberg, before joining up with the Lenne. There is a height difference of 214m between the source and the mouth, which corresponds to a mean gradient of 16.6%.
# PM Gati Shakti

Prime Minister Gati Shakti, also known as National Master Plan for Multi-modal Connectivity (IAST Pradhānmantrī Gatī Shaktī) is an Indian megaproject worth $1.2 trillion USD to provide competitive advantage for manufacturing in India.

## History

On 15 August 2021, Narendra Modi, Prime Minister of India announced this project to boost Indian Economic Growth. The plan was launched on 13 October 2021 to provide multimodal connectivity infrastructure to all economic zones of India and approved on 21 October 2021 by Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs.

## Aim and Project

The plan aims to bring all relevant ministries and departments of Government of India together and create a digital platform for more holistic and integrated planning of projects. For instance, it will interconnect ministries of Indian Roadways, Indian Railways, Indian airways and Indian waterways for easy movement of goods. It will also enable transparency in monitoring current projects and provide information about upcoming connectivity projects to the community. The main objectives of the plan is to achieve a sustained 5 trillion dollar economy and an increase to 20 trillion dollar economy by 2040. As part of this plan, Indian Railway will also develop 400 new Vande Bharat Express in 3 years. This plan will also add steam to 196 critical infrastructure gap projects from which 22 infrastructure projects have been initially approved. Indian Railways will also revamp 200 railway terminals within India with modern facilities and will additionally build 300 new terminals in next five years. This is thus aimed at revolutionizing India's infrastructure over the next five years.
# Bruno Paes (footballer)

Bruno de Oliveira Godoy Paes (born May 3, 1982) is a Brazilian former football player.
# Six Dome Synagogue

The Six Dome Synagogue (Azerbaijani: Altı günbəz sinaqoqu, lit. 'Alti Gumbaz Synagogue') is a former Jewish synagogue and now landmark Jewish history museum, located in the village of Gyrmyzy Gasaba (or Red Village), of Quba district, Azerbaijan. The former synagogue building was erected at the end of the nineteenth century and is similar in design to a synagogue in Istanbul. The synagogue was the center of religious education.
Red Village, situated in the northeast of Azerbaijan, close to the border with Russia, is believed to be the world's only all-Jewish village outside of Israel and the United States, and the last surviving shtetl.

## History

The hexagonal synagogue is located in the Qırmızı Qəsəbə of Quba District, designed by the architect Gilel Ben Haim, completed in 1888. The architecture of the building has an oriental, Moorish Revival style. It is the symbol of six-day migration of residents of the Gilgat village to the Red Village within 6 days. The building has 14 main windows. The height of the wall of the building is 7 meters.
For a long time, the building was used as a warehouse, then a sewing workshop. After the restoration of the independence of Republic in 1991, the prayer house was returned to the residents. Restoration work began in 1995 with the initiative of Mardakhai Abramov and Semyon Nisanov who were representatives of Qırmızı Qəsəbə, continued until October 1995. The celebrations for the revival of the six-dome synagogue in Qırmızı Qəsəbə were held on October 11, 2001. Although the restoration was first completed in 2005.
In 2019, it was reported that the synagogue was in current use.
# John Mór Tanister

John Mór Tanister MacDonald (Scottish Gaelic: Eòin Mòr Tànaiste Mac Dhòmhnaill, aka Iain Mac Dhòmhnaill), Scottish-Gaelic lord, died 1427.

## Biography

MacDonald was the second son of John of Islay, Lord of the Isles and Princess Margaret Stewart of Scotland, daughter of King Robert II. He is the founder of Clan MacDonald of Dunnyveg.
MacDonald was granted 120 merklands in Kintyre, with the castles of Dunaverty, Skipness and Airds and 60 merklands on Islay with the castle of Dunyvaig upon his father's death. Not being satisfied with his inheritance, he led a revolt against his brother Donald of Islay, Lord of the Isles as MacDonald was recognized as the heir-apparent (tanistry). The rebellion started in 1387 and went on into the 1390s, and MacDonald obtained the support of the powerful Clan MacLean kindred. However, MacDonald and the MacLeans were eventually forced to submit to Dómhnall, and by 1395 MacDonald had been forced to flee into Ireland. There he entered the service of King Richard II of England in Antrim and later King Henry IV.
Through his marriage with Margery Byset, a daughter of the MacEoin Bisset, Lord of the Glens, according to MacDonald shanachies he received as the dowry the Glens and Rathlin Island in Ireland, then becoming known as Lord of Dunnyvaig and the Glens. Though he may have used this title, the MacEoin Bissets continued to hold the Glens of Antrim until as late as 1522, when the last known died in battle.
MacDonald successfully led the reserve at the Battle of Harlaw just north of Inverurie in Aberdeenshire on 24 July 1411, and later fought against Robert Stewart, Regent Albany who had forayed into Argyll to try and defeat Donald of Islay. Albany was driven back by John Mor.
MacDonald was attacked and murdered by James Campbell, agent for King James, after a scheduled meeting at Ard-du, Islay in 1427. He was buried on the Isle of Iona in Reilig Odhrain (St. Oran's cemetery) where the "great men of the royal blood of Clan Donald" were buried per Dean Munro, 1549, on the Council of the Isles.

## Children

* Donald Balloch MacDonald (d. 1476), married Johanna, daughter of Conn O'Neill of Edenduffcarrick
* Ranald Bane MacDonald, 1st of Largie, illegitimate son of John Mór Tanister MacDonald and a daughter of Finguine MacKinnon, ("the Green Abbot").
# Gag Alias Dhagara

Gag Alias Dhagara is a village in Jalandhar district of Punjab State, India. It is located 13.9 km away from Nurmahal, 22 km from Phillaur, 41.9 km from district headquarter Jalandhar and 143 km from state capital Chandigarh. The village is administrated by a sarpanch who is an elected representative of village as per Panchayati raj (India).

## Demography

According to the report published by Census India in 2011, Gag Alias Dhagara has a total number of 99 houses and population of 497 of which include 255 males and 242 females. Literacy rate of Gag Alias Dhagara is 72.73%, lower than state average of 75.84%. The population of children under the age of 6 years is 68 which is 13.68% of total population of Gag Alias Dhagara, and child sex ratio is approximately 1000 higher than state average of 846.
Most of the people are from Schedule Caste which constitutes 56.54% of total population in Gag Alias Dhagara. The town does not have any Schedule Tribe population so far.
As per census 2011, 300 people were engaged in work activities out of the total population of Gag Alias Dhagara which includes 160 males and 140 females. According to census survey report 2011, 54% workers describe their work as main work and 46% workers are involved in marginal activity providing livelihood for less than 6 months.

## Transport

Nurmahal railway station is the nearest train station however, Phillaur Junction train station is 21.6 km away from the village. The village is 52.4 km away from domestic airport in Ludhiana and the nearest international airport is located in Chandigarh also Sri Guru Ram Dass Jee International Airport is the second nearest airport which is 138 km away in Amritsar.
# Josef Ludwig Reimer

Josef Ludwig Reimer (1879–1955) was an author from Austria who wrote on pan-German ideology in the first decade of the 20th century. During a period of colonialism and nationalism, his books were ones of several advocating eastern expansion and ethnic cleansing of non-Germanic people including Slavs and Jews. Reimer also considered Latin America as one of the possible targets of the German economic exploitation. In his books Reimer extensively borrowed ideas of J.A. de Gobineau and H.S. Chamberlain applying these to the German case.
Notable works include Grundzüge deutscher Wiedergeburt (1906) and Ein pangermanisches Deutschland (1905).
# Alvand Mirza (Qara Qoyunlu)

Alvand Mirza was a member of the Qara Qoyunlu dynasty, the son of Iskandar Kara, the ruler of Mosul, Diyarbakir, and Asadabad. The people from the marriage of his son Pirguli Beg and Khadija Begim, the granddaughter of Jahan Shah from Yusif Mirza, founded the Indian branch of the Qara Qoyunlu dynasty.

## Early life

Alvand Mirza was appointed to rule Mosul during his uncle Jahan Shah's reign. Mirza rebelled against the latter and was forced to flee to the Aq Qoyunlu, then under the rule of Jahangir Beg. Jahan Shah demanded that his rebellious nephew be handed over to him, but Jahangir Beg refused. Jahan Shah then invaded Erzincan and sent his grandnephew, Rustem Beg, to subdue Jahangir Beg. Hopelessly, Jahangir Beg sent his mother Sara Khatun to Mamluk Egypt, while Jahan Shah started to support his half-brother Sheikh Hasan. Sheikh Hasan was killed by Uzun Hasan, brother of Jahangir Beg; Jahan Shah quickly offered peace to Aq Qoyunlu, in return for accepting their submission. Jahangir Beg accepted and also wed his daughter to Jahan Shah's son Mirza Muhammad.

## In Timurid service

Upon the Aq Qoyunlu's submission, Alvand Mirza left for Shiraz with his son Pirguli in a bid to join the Timurid ruler Babur. He was made a commander in the Timurid army and joined Babur in a siege of Samarkand in 1454. He was sent by Babur to conquer Sistan and Kirman. After defeating Jahan Shah's generals Amir Bayazid and Shahsevar Beg, they were soon followed by his son Mirza Yusuf. Clashes stopped after Babur's death on 25 March 1457, followed by Jahan Shah's conquest of Khorasan.

## Again in Jahan Shah's service

After Jahan Shah's capture of Herat, Alvand resubmitted to his uncle in hopes of retaining Kirman. Jahan Shah however, only granted him Asadabad. Mirza Yusuf's daughter Khadija Begum was wed to Pirguli Beg. Alvand left Kirman to Jahan Shah's general Mansur Beg Turkman. Alvand Mirza died here after living in Asadabad for two years. After his death, his son Pirguli Beg succeeded him.

## Family

He had two sons:
* Pirquli Beg - married to Khadija Begum (granddaughter of Jahan Shah)
* Allahquli Beg
Pirguli Beg was married to Jahanshah's granddaughter Khadija Begim. The line of the Qara Qoyunlu family founded by this marriage formed the future Indian branch of the dynasty. Descendants of this family migrated to India in the 16th century, where they created the state of the Gutbshahs. The founder of the dynasty, Sultangulu Beg Baranli, was born in Hamadan province. He was a Turkman belonging to the Karagoyunlu dynasty and descended from Kara Yusif. In the 16th century, he migrated to Delhi with his uncle Allahgulu, some friends and family. Later, he went to the Deccan in the south, where he began to serve the Muslim sultan Mahmood Shah Bahmani II. After the death of Safdar Jang, he was succeeded by his son Shuja ad-Dawla or Jalaladdin Mirza Heydar Khan.
# 1903 Wisconsin Badgers football team

The 1903 Wisconsin Badgers football team represented the University of Wisconsin in the 1903 Western Conference football season. Led by first-year head coach Arthur Hale Curtis, the Badgers compiled an overall record of 6–3–1 with a mark of 0–3–1 in conference play, placing eighth in the Western Conference. The team's captain was Allen Abbott.

## Schedule

| Date | Time | Opponent | Site | Result | Attendance |
| October 3 | | North-Western College* | Randall FieldMadison, WI | W 28–0 | |
| October 10 | | Lawrence* | Randall FieldMadison, WI | W 40–7 | |
| October 17 | | Beloit* | Randall FieldMadison, WI | W 87–0 | |
| October 21 | | Kirksville Osteopaths* | Randall FieldMadison, WI | W 32–0 | |
| October 25 | | Knox (IL)* | Randall FieldMadison, WI | W 54–6 | |
| October 31 | | Chicago | Randall FieldMadison, WI | L 6–15 | |
| November 7 | | Oshkosh Normal* | Randall FieldMadison, WI | W 52–0 | |
| November 14 | 2:00 p.m. | at Michigan | Regents FieldAnn Arbor, MI | L 0–16 | |
| November 21 | 2:13 p.m. | vs. Northwestern | South Side ParkChicago, IL | T 6–6 | 10,000 |
| November 26 | | at Minnesota | Northrop FieldMinneapolis, MN (rivalry) | L 0–17 | 4,000 |
| *Non-conference game |||||||