OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Zhanmadao

The zhanmadao (Chinese: 斬馬刀; pinyin: zhǎnmǎdāo; Jyutping: zaam2 maa5 dou1; lit. 'horse chopping 'sabre'/'dao'/'single-edged blade') was a single-bladed anti-cavalry Chinese sword. It originated during the Han dynasty (206 BC – 220 AD) and was especially common in Song China (960–1279).

## General characteristics

The zhanmadao is a single-edged sabre with a long broad blade, and a long handle suitable for two-handed use. It was used as an anti-cavalry weapon, dating from Emperor Cheng of Han, made to slice through a horse's legs. This is mentioned in the Wujing Zongyao, a Song military manual from 1072. It featured prominently against the Jin armies in campaigns between 1129 and 1141.
The earliest variant of the zhanmadao is called zhanmajian (Chinese: 斬馬劍; pinyin: zhǎnmǎjiàn), literally "horse beheading jian". The zhanmajian existed during the Han dynasty, so called because it was supposedly able to cut off a horse's head. The difference between the two is that zhanmajian is double-edged whereas the zhanmadao is single-edged, which persists with the meaning of jian and dao. Another suggestion is that the zhanmajian was an execution tool used on special occasions rather than a military weapon.
Surviving examples include a sword that might resemble a nagamaki in construction; it had a wrapped handle 37 cm (15 in) long making it easy to grip with two hands with a blade that was 114 cm (45 in) long and straight, with a slight curve in the last half.

## Similar weapons

Possible variations of these Chinese swords were the changdao of Tang dynasty and Ming dynasty, wodao of Qing dynasty, as well as miaodao of the Republican Era.
# Donacia cinerea

Donacia cinerea is a species of leaf beetle in the subfamily Donaciella. It can be found in Czech Republic and Slovakia.
# Karłowice Małe

Karłowice Małe is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Kamiennik, within Nysa County, Opole Voivodeship, in south-western Poland.
# Africa Cup of Nations trophy

The Africa Cup of Nations trophy is a golden trophy awarded to the winner of the Africa Cup of Nations. Three different trophies have been presented to the winners of the tournament since its inception in 1957: The Abdel Aziz Abdullah Salem Cup from 1957 to 1987, named after the donors and the first president of the Confederation of African Football, Abdel Aziz Abdallah Salem of Egypt, and kept by the Ghana after winning it three times in 1963, 1965 and 1978. The second trophy is the African Unity Cup. It was given by the Supreme Council for Sports in Africa to the Confederation of African Football before the tournament and was used from 1980 to 2000 and was kept by Cameroon after winning it 3 times in 1984, 1988 and 2000.
The current cup is called the African Cup of Nations (after the official name of the tournament) and has been used since 2001, although the Egyptian team won it 3 times in a row in 2006, 2008 and 2010. However, the Confederation of African Football gave the Egyptian Football Association a complete replica to keep and the shape of the official cup did not change. The teams that win the title are also entitled to place a star according to the number of times they win above the team logo on the shirts.

## History

The first trophy, made of silver, was the Abdel Aziz Abdullah Salem Cup, named after the donor and first CAF president, Abdel Aziz Abdullah Salem of Egypt. Salem was in charge of CAF for only one year (1957–1958), but is an important figure in African football history as the first representative of African football. The silver trophy, similar in shape to the FA Cup. Egypt was the first country to lift the trophy in 1957 and defended it in 1959 as the United Arab Republic, but it was Ghana who took the trophy permanently as the first three-time winner in 1963, 1965 and 1978. Ethiopia, Sudan, Congo, Zaire and Morocco were some of the other teams to lift the trophy.
The African Unity Cup (1980–2000) was given by the Supreme Council for Sports in Africa to CAF prior to the 1980 tournament, and was a cylindrical piece with the Olympic rings on a map of the continent. Going into the 2000 edition of the tournament, three nations Egypt, Cameroon and Nigeria lifted the African Unity Cup twice Nigeria and Cameroon faced each other in the final, and it took a penalty shootout to determine the permanent holders of this award with Cameroon Nigeria heading to lift the cup for the third time.
Africa Cup of Nations In 2001, the third trophy was unveiled, a gold-plated cup designed and made in Italy. Cameroon, the permanent holders of the previous trophy, were the first country to be awarded the new trophy after winning the 2002 edition. Egypt became the first team to win the new trophy three times (they did so three times in a row). Unlike previous winners, Egypt did not retain the trophy and was given a full-size replica to keep. First and second-time winners usually receive a smaller replica for their trophy cabinets.
# Alakh Prakash Goyal Shimla University

Alakh Prakash Goyal Shimla University (AGU) is a private university located near Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India on the Mehli Shoghi bypass road. The university was established in 2012 by the A.P. Goyal Charitable Trust through the APG (Alakh Prakash Goyal) Shimla University Establishment and Regulation Act, 2012.

## Schools

The university has the following eight schools:
* School of Advance Computing
* School of Engineering and Technology
* School of Legal Studies and Research
* School of Sciences
* School of Design
* School of Management
* School of Hospitality and Tourism Management
* School of Architecture and Planning
* School of Journalism and Mass Communication
* School of Art and Humanities
* School of Para Medical Sciences

## Approval

Like all universities in India, Alakh Prakash Goyal Shimla University is recognised by the University Grants Commission (India) (UGC), which has also sent an expert committee and accepted compliance of observations and deficiencies. The School of Architecture's 5-year Bachelor of Architecture programme is approved by the Council of Architecture (COA). The programmes by the School of Legal Studies and Research are approved by the Bar Council of India (BCI). The university is also a member of the Association of Indian Universities (AIU).
# Phalotris tricolor

Phalotris tricolor, the tricolored burrowing snake, is a species of snake in the family Colubridae. The species is native to Brazil, Bolivia, Paraguay, and Argentina.
# Timberyard Records

Timberyard Records is a pioneering record label in the Australian independent music movement of the 1980s.
Timberyard Records was established in 1985 in Newtown, New South Wales by Michael Danias. Initially releasing prominent underground Sydney acts such as Box the Jesuit, Candy Harlots, The Dubrovniks, Girl Monstar, Johnny Teen and the Broken Hearts and the Zen Genies.
In 1989 the label released a Christmas compilation, Rockin' Bethlehem, which featured a number of bands from the label, including The Dubrovniks, Ratcat, Girl Monstar, Steve Kilbey (The Church), Damien Lovelock (The Celibate Rifles), The Jackson Code and Lime Spiders. Proceeds from the sales of the album went to the Camperdown Children's Hospital. In 1990 the label released a second Christmas compilation album, Rockin' Bethlehem - The Second Coming, which featured The Falling Joys, Painters and Dockers, Ed Kuepper, The Screaming Tribesmen, Archie Roach and Paul Kelly. Also that year You Am I signed with Timberyard, with the label subsequently releasing the band's first two EPs, Snake Tide in May 1991 and Goddamn in May 1992. The band then signed to Ra Records, a sub-branch of rooArt Records.
Timberyard took an extended break for many years before becoming active in the mid-2000s, with releases from Melbourne bands, Ripe, Cosmic Psychos and Damn Arms as well as Sydney artists Warhorse, Circle Pit and Atrocities.
In 2004 the label started working with Teenager, a band composed of Nick Littlemore from Pnau and Empire of the Sun and Pip Brown known as Ladyhawke, on an art rock album titled Thirteen. It was recorded in many countries in collaboration with many artists. The album was released in 2006. The first single from the album was titled "Pony".
# Reun Ar C'Hrank Formation

The Reun Ar C'Hrank Formation is a geologic formation in France. It preserves fossils dating back to the Devonian period.
# AlAqab (Qena)

26°07′06″N 32°05′43″E﻿ / ﻿26.11833°N 32.09528°E﻿ / 26.11833; 32.09528
Al Aqab (Arabic: العقب; is a village in Qus in Egypt, with a population of 12,632 people. There are 6,153 men and 6,479 women.
The Egyptian name of the city is Waset, also known as Nut (Coptic: ⲛⲏ)
and
# Moe Aung Yin

Moe Aung Yin (မိုးအောင်ရင်; born 13 August 1987) is a Burmese actor. He is best known for his leading role in Burmese films Allann Za Yar and Gay A Htar.

## Early life and education

Moe Aung Yin was born on 28 June 1987 in Yangon, the first son of Burmese singer Aung Yin and Moe Thin Zar Myint. He has a younger sister, Thin Zar Aung Yin. He grew up in Yangon with his family. He wanted to be an actor ever since he was a child. He attended elementary and middle school at Practising School Yangon Institute of Education (TTC) and he switched his school to International Language & Business Centre (I.L.B.C).

## Career

Moe was enrolled to go attend a University in UK majoring in directing in 2007. But he signed for the contract with Lucky 7 in Burma as their lead actor for 70 movies, instead of going to UK for his education. He started making movies for the contract in 2008. He has been starred in over 200 films and is one of the stars of the Burmese entertainment industry.

## Controversy

On 29 August 2016, Moe Aung Yin was arrested on charges of drug possession. On 26 November 2018, Moe Aung Yin was sentenced to five years in prison with hard labour by a Pazundaung Township Court for violating sections 15/16(c) of the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law. On 12 December 2018, Moe Aung Yin was sentenced to 12 years in prison with hard labour by a Yangon Eastern District Court after he was found guilty of drug possession and drug abuse. On 7 May 2019, Moe Aung Yin was released from prison upon receiving a pardon from President Win Myint.
Moe Aung Yin is facing a fine and up to a year in prison after his ex-partner filed a lawsuit in Yangon’s Yankin township court under Article 417 of the penal code, which punishes "cheating". His former girlfriend is suing the star for allegedly breaking a promise to marry her, according to local media. News outlet 7 Day Daily reported the lawsuit was filed on November 22 and the actor was due to appear before the court on 6 December 2019.

## Filmography

His first movie broke the record of the most selling movie in Burma. His first movie which was shown in theater was also the most famous movie of the time Burma.

### Film

* Hot Shot
* Hot Shot 2
* Hot Shot 3
* A Lann Zayar (2011)
* A Mike Sar (2013)
* A Lann Zayar 2 (2013)
* Mar Kyi Shay (2014)
# P. K. Sreemathy

P. K. Sreemathy (born 4 May 1949), popularly known as P. K. Sreemathy Teacher, is an Indian politician and a member of the CPI(M). Born at Mayyil Panchayat in Kannur district, Sreemathy was elected to the Kerala Legislative Assembly in 2001 and 2006 from Payyanur Assembly constituency. She was the Health and Family Welfare Minister of Kerala from 2006 to 2011. She was MP of 16th Lok Sabha, representing Kannur Lok Sabha constituency.

## Biography

Sreemathy teacher is a politician in Kerala politics. She was born on 4 May 1949 as the daughter of Kelu Nambiar and P. K. Meenakshi Amma.
She was the Kannur District Council standing committee chairperson for some time before she became the Kannur district Panchayat from 1995 to 1997. Now she is AIDWA State secretary and CPI(M) National Committee Member. She was elected to the Kerala Legislative Assembly in 2001 and 2006 from Payyanur Assembly constituency. She won the 2014 Lok Sabha election from Kannur Lok Sabha constituency, defeating K. Sudhakaran by a margin of 6566 votes. She lost to K. Sudhakaran with a margin of 94,559 votes in 2019 Indian General election.

## Positions held

* Standing Committee Chairman, Kannur District Panchayat.
* President, Kannur District Panchayat.
* State Secretary, AIDWA
* CPI (M), National Committee Member.
* Minister for Health and Family Welfare, Government of Kerala, Achuthanandan ministry
* MP from Kannur Lok Sabha constituency
* Member, Committee on Empowerment of Women
* Retired Head Teacher
* Member, Standing Committee on Human Resource Development
* Member, Consultative Committee, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare
* Member, Silk Board
# Manolis Aliatidis

Manolis Aliatidis (Greek: Μανώλης Αλιατίδης; born 5 February 1995) is a Greek professional footballer who plays as a centre-back for Super League 2 club Panargiakos F.C.

## Honours
### Kavala

* Kavala FCA Cup: 2017–18
# Jane Lane (author)

Jane Lane (27 May 1905– 6 January 1978) was the pen name of Elaine Kidner Dakers, an English novelist and biographer. Her best-known books are historical novels set in the 17th and 18th century.

## Biography

Jane Lane was born on 27 May 1905 in Ruislip, Middlesex, England. She was descended from Jane Lane, Lady Fisher. She is best known for her books about the Stuart period in English history and 18th-century Scotland, written from a Catholic and Royalist perspective.
Her novel, A State of Mind, is set in a dystopian future. The Tablet has described Lane as "one of the few contemporary writers who excel both as novelists and historians". Jane Lane died on 6 January 1978.

## Selected works

Novels
* Sir Devil-May-Care (1937) (English Civil War)
* He Stooped to Conquer (1944) (Massacre of Glencoe)
* Gin and Bitters (1945) (early 18th Century London and the South Sea Bubble)
* His Fight is Ours (1946) (background to the 1745 Rising)
* London Goes To Heaven (1947) (London under the Commonwealth and Protectorate)
* Parcel of Rogues: The Plot Against Mary of Scotland (1948) (Mary, Queen of Scots and the regencies)
* Fortress in the Forth (1950) (Jacobite prisoners on Bass Rock 1691–94)
* Dark Conspiracy (1951) (Rye House Plot against Charles II)
* The Sealed Knot (1952) (English Civil War)
* Lady of the House a.k.a. The Countess at War (1953) (English Civil War)
* The Phoenix and the Laurel (1954) (John Graham of Claverhouse)
* Thunder on St. Paul's Day (1956) (Titus Oates and the "Popish Plot")
* Conies in the Hay a.k.a. Rabbits in the Hay a.k.a. The Cross and the Tower (1957) (Babington Plot 1586)
* Sow the Tempest (1960) (Henry VIII's divorce from Catherine of Aragon)
* Farewell to the White Cockade (1961) (Bonnie Prince Charlie)
* The Crown for a Lie (1962) (How James II lost the throne)
* A State of Mind (1964) (post-atomic future)
* A Wind through the Heather (1965) (Highland Clearances)
* From the Snare of the Hunters (1968) (Last days of Jesus of Nazareth)
* The Young and Lonely King (1969) (Prince Charles, Duke of Albany)
* The Questing Beast (1970) (English Civil War)
* Ember in the Ashes (1970) (Roman Catholics in 18th century England)
* The Severed Crown (1972) (Charles I)
* Bridge of Sighs (1973) (Mary of Modena)
* Heirs of Squire Harry (1974) (Edward VI)
* A Summer Storm (1976) (Peasants' Revolt, 1381)
* A Secret Chronicle (1977) (Edward II)
The Escape series (for younger readers)
* The Escape of the King (1957) (The young Charles II)
* The Escape of the Queen (1957) (Mary, Queen of Scots)
* The Escape of the Prince (1958) (Bonnie Prince Charlie)
* The Escape of the Duke (1960) (Charles I's son James, Duke of York)
* The Escape of the Princess (1962) (Clementina Sobieski)
Non-fiction
* King James the Last (1942)
* Titus Oates (1949)
* Puritan, Rake and Squire (1950)
# Lord Frederick Hamilton

Lord Frederick Spencer Hamilton (13 October 1856 – 11 August 1928) was a British aristocrat, Conservative politician, diplomat, and author.

## Biography

Lord Frederick was born in Brighton, the sixth son and thirteenth child of James Hamilton, Marquess of Abercorn and Louisa, Marchioness of Abercorn, who were "long remembered as the most handsome and most distinguished young couple of their generation." His father was created the 1st Duke of Abercorn in 1868. His mother, the daughter of the 6th Duke of Bedford, was the half-sister to Prime Minister John Russell.
He was Second Secretary of the Diplomatic Service (1877–1884) and Member of Parliament (MP) for Manchester South West (1885–1886) and North Tyrone (1892–1895). Lord Frederick also wrote the three-volume set of books, The Days Before Yesterday, Vanished Pomps of Yesterday and Here, There and Everywhere, which were first published in 1920 by Hodder and Stoughton, and known collectively as My Yesterdays. These give vivid, sometimes amusing and always well-written accounts of his early life, diplomatic service, and travels.
While serving as aide-de-camp to Lord Lansdowne, then Governor-General of Canada, in Ottawa, In January 1887, Lord Frederick was the first person to introduce skiing to Canada, using skis he had brought from Russia. As he recounts, he used to "slide down the toboggan slides at Ottawa on them, to universal derision". He was told they were "unsuited to Canadian conditions, and would never be popular in Canada".
From 1896 to 1900 he was editor of the Pall Mall Magazine.
He never married and died without children, aged 71, at 13 Great College Street, Westminster.

## Ancestry

Ancestors of Lord Frederick Hamilton :

## Works

* The Vanished Pomps of Yesterday at Project Gutenberg, by Lord Frederic [sic] Hamilton,1919 *
* The Days Before Yesterday at Project Gutenberg, by Lord Frederic [sic] Hamilton, 1920
* Here, There and Everywhere at Project Gutenberg, by Lord Frederic [sic] Hamilton, 1921
# Władysław Kowalski (actor)

Władysław Kowalski (24 February 1936 – 29 October 2017) was a Polish actor. He appeared in nearly 100 films and television shows between 1957 and 2015.

## Selected filmography

* Samson (1961)
* Dreszcze (1981)
* Escape from the 'Liberty' Cinema (1990)
* The Boy on the Galloping Horse (2006)
* Katyń (2007)
* Louise's Garden (2008)
* Body (2015)
# Reunion Creek Beds

The Sappa Formation is a geologic formation in Nebraska. It preserves fossils.
# Tuyserkan

Tuyserkan (Persian: تويسركان) is a city in the Central District of Tuyserkan County, Hamadan province, Iran, serving as capital of both the county and the district. Tuyserkan is located about 100 km south of Hamadan, in western Iran.

## Climate

Climate data for Tooyserkan (elevation:1,783.2 m (5,850 ft), 2003-2010 normals) :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 0.1 (32.2) | 3.1 (37.6) | 8.5 (47.3) | 11.7 (53.1) | 16.3 (61.3) | 22.6 (72.7) | 26.5 (79.7) | 25.8 (78.4) | 21.3 (70.3) | 15.9 (60.6) | 7.9 (46.2) | 3.4 (38.1) | 13.6 (56.5) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 58.0 (2.28) | 60.5 (2.38) | 50.5 (1.99) | 89.0 (3.50) | 33.2 (1.31) | 2.4 (0.09) | 0.4 (0.02) | 2.0 (0.08) | 3.6 (0.14) | 34.0 (1.34) | 68.8 (2.71) | 51.7 (2.04) | 454.1 (17.88) |
| Source: IRIMO ||||||||||||||

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the city's population was 42,520 in 11,802 households. The following census in 2011 counted 44,516 people in 13,727 households. The 2016 census measured the population of the city as 50,455 people in 16,291 households.
# Kapilavastu (ancient city)

Kapilavastu was an ancient city in the eastern Gangetic plains of the Indian subcontinent which was the capital of the clan gaṇasaṅgha or "republic" of the Shakyas in the late Iron Age, around the 6th and 5th centuries BC. King Śuddhodana and Queen Māyā are believed to have lived at Kapilavastu, as did their son Prince Siddartha Gautama (Gautama Buddha) until he left the palace at the age of 29.
Buddhist texts such as the Pāli Canon say that Kapilavastu was the childhood home of Gautama Buddha, on account of it being the capital of the Shakyas, over whom his father ruled. Kapilavastu is the place where Siddhartha Gautama spent the first 29 years of his life. According to Buddhist sources the name Kapilvatthu means "tawny area", due to the abundance of reddish sand in the area. Most foreign accounts from the medieval period, particularly from China, described Kapilavastu as being part of "Central India".
Kapilavastu never became a major pilgrimage site like Buddha's birthplace at Lumbini not far away, which would have left unmistakable remains. The settlement was probably never as large as depictions in early Buddhist art suggest, and after the decline of Buddhism in India its location faded into obscurity. There are now two sites near the border between Nepal and India which are claimed as Kapilavastu — Piprahwa in Uttar Pradesh, India and Tilaurakot in Nepal. Finds at the Piprahwa (including a reliquary found inside a mud stupa) indicate Buddhist activity dating to the 5th–4th century BCE, around the time of the death of the Buddha.

## Search for Kapilavastu

The 19th-century search for the historical site of Kapilavastu followed the accounts left by Faxian and later by Xuanzang, who were Chinese Buddhist monks who made early pilgrimages to the site. Some archaeologists have identified present-day Tilaurakot, Nepal, while others have identified present-day Piprahwa, India as the location for the historical site of Kapilavastu, the seat of governance of the Shakya state that would have covered the region. Both sites contain archaeological ruins. Those at Piprahwa show it was a significant early Buddhist site with a stupa and monasteries, and probably relics of the Buddha.

## Proposed sites

* Proposed site of Suddhodanda's Palace at Tilaurakot
* Stupa at Piprahwa

## Ancient depictions

* Maya's dream of an elephant during her conception of the Buddha, an identifier of the city of Kapilavastu.
* The departure of the Buddha from Kapilavastu, Sanchi, Stupa 1, Northern Gate.

## Notable people

* Puṇṇa Mantānīputta – one of the Buddha's ten principal disciples
* Anuruddha – among the ten principal disciples and also a cousin of the Buddha
* Rāhula – the only son of the Buddha
* Ānanda – primary attendant of the Buddha and among the ten principal disciples