OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Ruth Liloqula

Ruth Liloqula is a government official and chief executive from the Solomon Islands.

## Biography

Liloquia completed a bachelor's degree in tropical agriculture from the University of Papua New Guinea and a master's degree in the biotechnology of crop protection majoring in nematology from a university in Britain. She was the first Solomon Islander to hold the posts of Government Plant Pathologist and Director of Research in the Ministry of Agriculture. She has also held the positions of Permanent Secretary Ministry of Police, and National Security. In 2007 she was appointed a Secretary to Cabinet, becoming the first woman to hold such a position.
Liloqula is the chief executive of Transparency Solomon Islands, a non-governmental organisation focused on promoting anti-corruption measures in the country. In 2019, she won the Transparency International Amalia Award in the Professional Excellence category from Transparency International.

### Publications

* Liloqula, R., Pollard, A. A., & Australian National University. (2000). Understanding conflict in Solomon Islands: A practical means to peacemaking. Canberra, ACT, Australia: Australian National University, Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies.
# NZ Gardener

NZ Gardener is a New Zealand gardening magazine owned by New Zealand media company Stuff Ltd. It is published monthly and has a circulation of 300,000.
It was first published in September 1944; the first issue sold 3,000 copies. Jo McCarroll was appointed editor in 2010, taking over from Lynda Hallinan.

## Awards and nominations

| Year | Award | Category | Recipient | Result |
| 2019 | Magazine Publishers' Association | Newsstand Magazine Excellence Award | | Winner |
| 2019 | Magazine Publishers' Association | Best Cover – Consumer Special Interest | | Winner |
| 2019 | Magazine Publishers' Association | Best Magazine – Consumer Special Interest | | Winner |
| 2019 | Magazine Publishers' Association | Best Journalist - Consumer Special Interest | Mei Leng Wong | Finalist |
| 2018 | Magazine Publishers' Association | Best Magazine - Consumer Special Interest | | Highly Commended |
| 2017 | Magazine Publishers' Association | Best Magazine – Consumer Special Interest | | Winner |
| 2017 | Magazine Publishers' Association | Editor of the Year - Consumer Special Interest | Jo McCarroll | Winner |
| 2015 | Magazine Publishers' Association | Best Retail Subscription Campaign | | Finalist |
| 2015 | Magazine Publishers' Association | Best Cover - Home & Food | | Finalist |
| 2015 | Magazine Publishers' Association | Advertising Sales Excellence | Alison Shrigley | Winner |
| 2009 | Magazine Publishers' Association | Magazine of the Year | | Winner |
# Hag Fold railway station

Hag Fold railway station is one of the local stations that lie on the Atherton line, between Wigan and Manchester, England. The station is located 13 miles (20 km) west of Manchester Victoria with regular Northern Trains services to these towns as well as Salford, Swinton, Walkden and Hindley.
The station was built in 1987 by British Rail to serve the Hag Fold estate in Atherton, and is only staffed during the morning and lunchtime period (06:25 to 12:55, weekdays only). Improvement works to the station are planned, in order to replace the flimsy platforms which have begun to suffer from considerable wear and tear and vandalism.
There is step-free access to each platform via inclined ramps. Shelters, digital display screens and timetable poster boards are located on each side; there is also a P.A system provided to supply automated train running announcements.

## Services

On Monday to Saturday daytimes, there is generally a half-hourly service southbound towards Manchester Victoria and northbound towards Wigan Wallgate & Headbolt Lane (no service after 19:00) and to Wigan North Western respectively. Southbound trains continue to either Blackburn or Leeds, both via the Calder Valley line.
Recent timetables provide a convenient connection (although a platform change must be made which is not possible for wheelchair users) at Hindley for services to Bolton.
In the evenings there is an hourly service in each direction to Manchester Victoria and Wigan. A twelve-month trial of an hourly clockface Sunday service commenced 23 May 2010. As of November 2021 there is an hourly service for Hag Fold on Sundays in each direction, to Manchester Victoria and Blackburn and to Southport via Wigan Wallgate.
# Sharon Stewart (politician)

Sharon Stewart is a New Zealand politician who is an Auckland Councillor for the Howick ward.
She is also the chair of Auckland Council's Civil Defence and Emergency Management Committee. Stewart assumed the role in 2013.

## Political career

She was awarded the Queen's Service Medal (QSM) in 1998 for services to Howick. Stewart served on the Manukau City Council for twelve years, between 1998 and 2010. The councillor was instrumental in helping aid New Zealand rescue efforts in the 1999 Jiji earthquake. On the Manukau council, she was an advocate against 3G cell tower construction, in her local area, on the basis of decreased property values and "health risk[s]".
In the 2010 Auckland Council elections, Stewart won a seat on the Auckland Council, topping the poll in the Howick ward.
Prior to being elected an Auckland councillor, she opposed the naming of her ward seat, which originally had been named 'Te Irirangi' after the area's principal Māori chief prior to European colonisation. Stewart organised a petition to instead name the ward 'Howick', which was successful. She was reelected unopposed in 2013. She was again re-elected in the 2016 Auckland elections. She was again re-elected in the 2019 Auckland elections.
Between 2010 and 2019, Stewart opposed denser housing in discussion around the Auckland Unitary Plan, as well as rate rises. During debate over the Unitary Plan, she attracted controversy by suggesting that potential requirements to consult with Māori were "undemocratic" and a "form of economic and social apartheid". The councillor stood on the self-dubbed "B Team" in opposition to the leadership of Auckland Mayor Phil Goff.
In the run-up to the 2019 Auckland elections, the New Zealand Herald opined that the councillor made little contribution to council discussions and that Stewart would be better suited as a member of the Howick Local Board. In that year, she supported the prioritisation of the Reeves Road Flyover roading project instead of the Eastern Busway public transport project.
In March 2022, Stewart was the only councillor to vote against the council's Regional Streets for People programme which would give money to walking and cycling infrastructure projects. Stewart has advocated for higher-quality pavement due to personal experiences – known as her "war on footpaths". Meanwhile, in June 2022, she said high-density, affordable housing should be built in rural areas like Glenbrook, instead of within existing central isthmus suburbs amid a debate over special character area housing provisions. Stewart said: "We should be building where the blue-collar want to work – if they want to work."
# Ottoman Public Debt Administration

The Ottoman Public Debt Administration (OPDA) (Ottoman Turkish: دیون عمومیهٔ عثمانیه واردات مخصصه اداره‌سی, romanized: Düyun-u Umumiye-i Osmaniye Varidat-ı Muhassasa İdaresi, or simply Düyun-u Umumiye as it was popularly known, French: Administration de la Dette Publique Ottomane Reque, German: Öffentliche Schulden des Osmanischen Reichs), was a European-controlled organization that was established in 1881 to collect the payments which the Ottoman Empire owed to European companies in the Ottoman public debt. The OPDA became a vast, essentially independent, bureaucracy within the Ottoman bureaucracy, run by the creditors: Its governing council included one representative each from British, French, German, Austrian, Italian, Dutch, and Ottoman creditors, and one representative from the Ottoman state. It employed 5,000 officials who collected taxes that were then turned over to the European creditors. At its peak it had 9,000 employees, more than the empire's finance ministry.
The OPDA played an important role in Ottoman financial affairs. Also, it was an intermediary with European companies seeking investment opportunities in the Ottoman Empire. In 1900, the OPDA was financing many railways and other industrial projects. The financial and commercial privileges of the non-Muslim foreigners were protected with the capitulations of the Ottoman Empire.
After the dissolution of the Ottoman Empire, between 1918 and 1924 Ottoman revenue stamps overprinted O.P.D.A. or A.D.P.O., or stamps printed with those inscriptions, were issued for use in Palestine, Transjordan, Syria and Lebanon.
The OPDA was established by treaty which outlined its powers. The Ottomans agreed to turn over to the OPDA a wide swath of its income sources. The OPDA was provided monopolies on salt and tobacco by the state. It was afforded taxes on stamps, alcohol, fishing, and silk. Though those taxes were afforded only in certain regions, they included the most important Istanbul region. Non-region specific taxes were also provided, notably on shops and stores, and customs duties. Should those sources of income prove insufficient, the OPDA was also empowered to a share of foreign indemnities paid to the Ottomans by various Balkan states as a result of the Treaty of Berlin.$^{:41}$ The indemnities were of little comfort to the Ottomans anyway, because the treaty had also greatly reduced the size and population of the Empire, and thus its tax base.
Uncertainties in accounting, as well as a knowledge gap between the OPDA and the Ottomans, meant that the precise value of the Ottoman Debt was hard to ascertain. The calculation difficulties led to the advancement of statistics and accounting practices. Because the British public was particularly angered by the default and lobbied for the creation of the OPDA, combined with the accounting difficulties, British bondholders may have been overrepresented in the OPDA's repayment scheme.
# Rhizotrichidae

Rhizotrichidae is a family of crustaceans belonging to the order Harpacticoida.
Genera:
* Rhizothrix Sars, 1909
* Tryphoema Monard, 1926
# Harry Forsyth

Harry Hollingsworth Forsyth (18 December 1903 – 19 July 2004) was an Irish cricketer. He was born in Dublin, Ireland. A left-handed batsman and occasional wicket-keeper, he played one first-class match for Dublin University against Northamptonshire in June 1926. He scored 43 runs in the Dublin University first innings. The match also featured the Irish playwright Samuel Beckett. From the death of Ted Martin in June 2004 to his death, aged 100, just over a month later, Forsyth was the oldest living first-class cricketer.
# Athyrium flexile

Athyrium flexile, commonly known as Newman's lady-fern or the flexile lady fern, is a taxon of fern which is endemic to Scotland. It has been regarded as a species, but it is considered to be an ecotype of the Alpine lady fern. This fern is pale to yellow green in colour and has elliptic, double pinnate leaves which are deciduous. This ecotype grows more quickly and matures faster than the Alpine lady fern in substrates which have low levels of nutrients and is outcompeted by the Alpine lady fern in other situations.
It is an upland variety typically found above 750 metres (2,460 ft) on screes made up of siliceous rocks such as quartzite and granite in the Highlands where it is found at only four sites. It is a snow-tolerant species, the snow lie protecting it from frosts. This small, deciduous fern is normally recorded from cool, shaded, north easterly to north westerly facing scree-slopes or where there is scree of large blocks of acidic rocks, particularly in areas where the snow lies late into the Spring and there is melt-water trickling down gullies.
Athyrium flexile was first described in 1853 but may be a stunted variety of Alpine Lady-fern A. distentifolium, a single gene mutation accounting for the difference between the two. It is considered by some experts to be a variant of Alpine Lady-fern (Athyrium distentifolium' var. flexile) rather than a distinct species.
Regarded as nationally scarce and vulnerable, more than 75% of the population is found in the high Cairngorm mountains including the boulder field plateau of Braeriach and in upper Glen Doll. It is found as high as 900 metres (3,000 ft) in Glen Einich.
# Teina Maraeura

Teina Maraeura (11 August 1950 – 11 May 2023) was a French Polynesian politician and Cabinet minister who served as Mayor of Rangiroa from 1986 to 2021, when he was barred from office after being convicted of corruption.

## Biography

Maraeura was born in Tikehau in the Tuamotus and worked as a fisherman. He began his political career at the 1986 French Polynesian legislative election, when he was elected to the Assembly of French Polynesia as the second MP on the Tapura Napo des Tuamotu-Gambier list. Three months later he was elected mayor of Rangiroa.
Constantly re-elected as Mayor and to the Assembly, in October 2004 he was appointed Minister of Culture, in charge of the promotion of Polynesian languages in the government of Gaston Flosse. He lost the position in March 2005. In December 2005, he and Michel Yip left the Tahoera'a to become independents. In 2006, he served briefly as Minister of Outer Island Affairs.
In 2007 he founded Te niu hau manahune, the party of the islanders. Following the 2008 election he formed the Te Mana o te Mau Motu party of outer island MPs. The group was the cause of the frequent changes of the government of this period, changing allegiance to overthrow the Flosse government in 2008, the Temaru government in 2009, and then to return Temaru to power in 2011. He was not re-elected in the 2013 election but was re-elected as a Tāpura Huiraʻatira candidate in the 2018 election. He was subsequently elected second vice-president of the Assembly.
In 2005 he was appointed chair of the Archipelago Development Fund. He quit the position in October 2008 after being questioned for alleged corruption. In March 2015 he was convicted of corruption and disqualified from office for a year for abusing public funds as mayor.
On 14 April 2021, he was sentenced by the Papeete Criminal Court to one year in prison and one year suspended sentence, a fine of five million Pacific francs and five years of ineligibility in the Archipelago Development Fund case. Thus, he was automatically resigned from his functions as mayor of Rangiroa but retained his mandate as a representative in the Assembly, his conviction not being final. The conviction was overturned on appeal in October 2022.
His son Tahuhu Maraeura succeeded him as mayor on 30 April 2021.
Maraeura died on 11 May 2023, at age 72.
# Togia Sioneholo

Togia Likalika Sioneholo is a Niuean politician who was a cabinet minister of Toke Talagi's government from June 2008 to May 2011 after being elected to the Niue Assembly in the June 2008 general election. He was minister for community affairs, education, justice, shipping and bulk fuels. He was formerly chief electoral officer.

## Early life

Sioneholo is from the village of Mutalau, but now resides in the village of Alofi South. He first graduated from the University of the South Pacific with a bachelor's of arts in history and politics.
He is also a qualified lawyer graduated from the University of Tasmania and did post-graduated studies at the Australian National University.
Previously, Togia was head of the Niue justice department. He is also the secretary and treasurer of the Ekalesia Niue church in Mutalau.
He stood on the common roll in the 2023 Niuean general election, but was unsuccessful.
# Sustainable lighting

Sustainable lighting is lighting designed with energy efficient light sources. "There are simple design strategies and some materials that can facilitate the energy saving advantages of natural light. Light colored interiors and open floor plans are good choices. This approach also augments artificial light efficiency. Energy efficient lighting is not simply finding the most light for the least wattage or the longest lasting light bulb. Proper sizing of the light to the needs of the location and the tasks that will be performed, called task lighting, is an energy saving strategy."
"The most sustainable source of lighting is daylight, other forms are solar lamps harvesting daylight and lighting controlled by occupation sensors. Furthermore technologies such as light-emitting diodes can be used to drastically reduce the energy requirement for energy. Part L of the UK lighting regulations contains criteria that effects efficient lighting design.
Both day lighting and electric lighting are used in architectural lighting design, and not just as something installed to enable people to see their task. Satisfaction surveys indicate that people prefer rooms that are day lit to interiors dominated by electric lighting. In addition, the use of daylight can significantly reduce a building's use of energy. Post-occupancy research indicated that the success of a scheme in reducing energy is not determined solely by the quantity of light from windows, but also on the efficiency and control of the electric lighting and that the users of the building were motivated towards energy management.
In cloudy climates, diffuse light from the sky is the main source of lighting. At the site planning stage, a sufficient area of sky must be made visible to give good interior lighting.
People’s needs and preferences to sunlight dependent on the type of building – incoming sunlight can give warmth and brightness but can also cause glare and thermal discomfort. The designer must to analyses the clients’ requirements in advance to determine which parts of a building would benefit from direct sunlight. Once the day lighting has been assessed, electric lighting needs to be designed to complement the daylight; where necessary electric light will take over when the daylight fades. Zones can be considered relative to the daylight distribution – without this there will be a tendency for the lights to be in all the time. Electric lighting can also be integrated within the architecture. Daylight and the aesthetics can be considered as well as the installation into the buildings fabric and lighting effect.
# Curtiss Cox Racer

The Curtiss Model 22 Cox Racers were two specialised racing aircraft built by the American Curtiss Aeroplane and Motor Company. The type was flown as a monoplane, biplane and triplane.

## Design and development

In 1920 the American oil millionaire S.Cox had two specialised racing monoplanes built for him by the Curtiss Aeroplane and Motor Company to take part in the Gordon Bennett Trophy race to be held in France in September 1920. The two aircraft, named Texas Wildcat and Cactus Kitten, were single-engined, braced, high-wing monoplanes powered by a 427 hp (318 kW) Curtiss C-12 inline piston engine. They had streamlined wooden fuselages with the pilot sitting in an enclosed cockpit towards the rear of the fuselage, under a forward sliding canopy. The wing, which had a special double camber airfoil section, was high-mounted, and was braced by struts to the mainwheels of the fixed conventional landing gear. The V-12 engine drove a two-bladed tractor propeller, and was cooled by radiators mounted on the side of the fuselage between the cockpit and the wings.

## Operational history

The Texas Wildcat was briefly tested in the United States before shipment, being fitted with a different wing with a more conventional airfoil for operation out of the confined Curtiss Field. First flying on July 25, it demonstrated a speed of 183 mph (295 km/h), with a speed of 215 mph (346 km/h) expected when fitted with the high speed racing wing. Both aircraft were then sent by ship to France, with no testing carried out on the high speed wing and Cactus Kitten unflown before sailing. Texas Wildcat was reassembled at the Morane-Saulnier factory with the high speed wing, but was found to be unstable at high speeds when flown by test pilot Roland Rohlfs. A set of biplane wings were therefore quickly designed and fitted to Texas Wildcat. Texas Wildcat was wrecked in a landing accident when being flown to Étampes prior to the race.
Although the Cactus Kitten was taken to France it remained unflown and was returned to the United States. It was then rebuilt with a set of short-span triplane wings modified from those of a Curtiss 18T, with the enclosed cockpit replaced by a more conventional open cockpit. Thus modified, it was entered into the 1921 Pulitzer Trophy Race, where, flown by Clarence Coombs at an average speed of 170.3 mph (274.1 km/h), it gained second place behind a Curtiss CR piloted by Bert Acosta. It was later sold to the United States Navy as a trainer for high-speed racing aircraft.

## Specifications (Cactus Kitten)

Data from The Second Annual Pulitzer Race at Omaha
General characteristics
* Crew: one
* Length: 19 ft 3 in (5.87 m)
* Wingspan: 20 ft (6.1 m)
* Wing area: 210 sq ft (20 m$^2$)
* Airfoil: Curtiss C-27
* Gross weight: 2,406 lb (1,091 kg)
* Powerplant: 1 × Curtiss C-12 liquid-cooled V-12 engine, 435 hp (324 kW)
Performance
* Maximum speed: 196 mph (315 km/h, 170 kn)
# Jack Gleeson (rugby union)

Jack Gleeson (died November 1979) was a New Zealand rugby union team coach.

## Career

Gleeson coached the New Zealand national under-21 rugby union team from 1975 to 1976 and the New Zealand national rugby union team (the All Blacks) from 1977 to 1978.
He was the coach (officially titled assistant manager) for the 1978 New Zealand rugby union tour of Britain and Ireland, where the All Blacks completed their first Grand Slam of four international match wins on tour of Britain and Ireland – the Rothmans Rugby Yearbook described him as a "shrewd and effective coach".

## Death

Gleeson died from cancer in 1979.
# Portlethen railway station

Portlethen railway station serves the town of Portlethen in Aberdeenshire, Scotland. It is sited 232 miles 59 chains (374.6 km) from Carlisle via Perth, and is between Stonehaven and Aberdeen, on the Dundee to Aberdeen line.

## History

The station was opened on 1 April 1850. After closure on 11 June 1956, the station was reopened nearly 30 years later on 17 May 1985.
In 2021, an investigation was started after trains went through an emergency speed restriction near the station close to line speed.

## Facilities

Unstaffed, the facilities at the station are minimal, consisting of two car parks (and sets of bike racks), and shelters and benches on each platform. There is, however, step-free access to and between the platforms (the latter via Cookston Road). There is a ticket machine in shelter on platform 2.

## Services

Portlethen previously had a somewhat limited service, with trains only calling early in the morning and evening peaks and at night times with large gaps at certain times during the day, but an improved timetable has accounted for much of the growth in recent years. As of May 2022, there is one train per hour in each direction between Montrose and Inverurie.
| Preceding station | National Rail | National Rail | National Rail | Following station |
| Stonehaven | | ScotRail Dundee–Aberdeen line | | Aberdeen |
| Stonehaven To Montrose | | ScotRail Aberdeen Crossrail | | Aberdeen To Inverurie |
| | Historical railways | Historical railways | Historical railways | |
| Newtonhill Line open; Station closed | | Aberdeen Railway | | Cove Bay Line open; Station closed |
# Michurinets railway station

Michurinets is a railway station of Kiyevsky suburban railway line in Vnukovskoye Settlement of Moscow. It was opened in 1949 and was rebuilt in 2020. The station is named after nearly located dacha cooperative, which name is commemorating Russian botanist Ivan Michurin.

## Gallery

* The old railway station in 2007.