OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Massa

Massa may refer to:

## Places
### Italy

* Province of Massa and Carrara, province in the Tuscany region of Italy
* Duchy of Massa and Carrara, controlled the towns of Massa di Carrara and Carrara
* Roman Catholic Diocese of Massa Marittima-Piombino was before 1978 called diocese of Massa Marittima

#### Italian towns

* Massa, Tuscany, the administrative seat of the Italian province of Massa-Carrara.
* Massa d'Albe, province of L'Aquila
* Massa di Somma, province of Naples
* Massa e Cozzile, province of Pistoia
* Massa Fermana, province of Ascoli Piceno
* Massa Fiscaglia, province of Ferrara
* Massa Lombarda, province of Ravenna
* Massa Lubrense, province of Naples
* Massa Marittima, province of Grosseto
* Massa Martana, province of Perugia

### France

* Peyrusse-Massas, commune in the Gers department in southwestern France
* Castillon-Massas, commune in the Gers department in southwestern France
* Hôtel de Massa, in the 14th arrondissement of Paris

### Morocco

* Massa, Morocco, a town
* Souss-Massa National Park, national park on the Atlantic coast of Morocco
* Souss-Massa, one of the twelve regions of Morocco

### Other countries

* Massa (river), river in Switzerland
* Massa (Tanzanian ward), administrative ward in the Mpwapwa district of the Dodoma Region of Tanzania
* Massa, Libya, a town in Libya
* Massah (מסה), place where the Israelites quarreled with God, according to the Torah

### Fictional locations

* Polis Massa, fictional planet from Star Wars

## People

* Massa (surname)
* Massa (biblical figure), from Genesis
* Massa Makan Diabaté (1938–1988), Malian historian, author, and playwright
* Michael of Massa (Michael Beccucci de Massa) (died 1337), Italian Augustinian Hermit and theologian

### Groups

* Ray Massa's EuroRhythms, Italian-American band from Columbus, Ohio

### Animals

* Massa (gorilla), gorilla from the Philadelphia Zoo

## Other uses

* Massa language, African language
* Portuguese sweet bread or Massa Sovada
* El Massa, Algerian daily newspaper Printed in Arabic
* Massa Marittima Cathedral, main church of Massa Marittima
* Massa–Senigallia Line, in the linguistics of the Romance languages
* Massa intermedia, the Interthalamic adhesion
* Massa, in early African American Vernacular English, see slave master
* Massa (song)
# Hartmannshof Formation

The Hartmannshof Formation is a geologic formation in Germany. It preserves fossils dating back to the Jurassic period.
# General Electric YJ101

The General Electric YJ101 was an afterburning turbojet engine, as signified by its "J" designation, in the 15,000 lbf class. It was designed for the Northrop P-530 Cobra but its initial application was the Northrop YF-17 entry in the Lightweight Fighter (LWF) competition. It was subsequently developed into the widely used General Electric F404.

## Design

Two essential requirements for the engine were reliability, which can be measured by the number of times a particular engine model has to be shutdown during flight (in-flight shut-down rate), and handling, which means stall-free operation throughout the flight envelope together with allowing the pilot to make unrestricted throttle movements anywhere between idle and maximum afterburner.
The engine used continuous bypass bleed from the compressor to cool the afterburner liner and nozzle. The bypass air was not mixed with hot air from the turbine as the afterburner was a simple turbojet style with no requirement for intentional mixing of the bypass flow with the turbine exhaust. However, mixing is an important requirement for turbofan engines.
General Electric chose to describe the engine differently depending on circumstance. To emphasize simplicity it was a "leaky turbojet". For advanced technology it was "the world's first self-cooled turbojet". This referred to using the compressor bypass air to cool the afterburner instead of using much hotter turbine exhaust gas.

## Applications

* Northrop YF-17

## Specifications (YJ101)

Data from Jane's All The World's Aircraft 1975-76

#### General characteristics

* Type: Two-shaft afterburning turbojet with continuous bypass bleed
* Length: 145 inches (3,683 mm)
* Diameter: 32.5 inches (826 mm)
* Dry weight: 1,900 pounds (862 kg) (approx)

#### Components

* Compressor: Three-stage axial LP, seven-stage axial HP
* Combustors: Annular
* Turbine: Single-stage LP, single-stage HP

#### Performance

* Maximum thrust: 15,000 pounds (6,804 kg) class
* Overall pressure ratio: In excess of 20:1
* Bypass ratio: 0.25:1
* Thrust-to-weight ratio: 7.9:1
# Lavenia Padarath

Lavenia Padarath (née Wainiqolo; 1944/1945 – July 14, 2019) was a Fijian politician. She was President of the Fiji Labour Party from 2015 to 2019.
Padarath won the Nausori Naitasiri Open Constituency for the Fiji Labour Party (FLP) in the 1999 parliamentary election. She was subsequently appointed to the Cabinet of Prime Minister Mahendra Chaudhry as Minister for Women, Culture, and Social Welfare. Along with many other parliamentarians, she was kidnapped by gunmen led by George Speight and held hostage at the parliamentary complex during the civilian coup d'état of 2000.
Padarath lost her seat in the House of Representatives in the general election of 2001, and failed to regain it in the 2006 election, but was appointed to the Senate as one of nine nominees of the Leader of the Opposition. She served in the Senate until it was closed one day after the military coup of 5 December 2006.

## Personal life

Padarath, an indigenous Fijian, was married to an Indo-Fijian. Her son, Ben Padarath, also contested the 2006 election, but as a candidate of the National Alliance Party of Fiji. Padarath publicly criticized her son for saying that political power should remain in indigenous Fijian hands, saying that such comments were racist and contrary to the way he had been brought up.

## Death

On 14 July 2019, Padarath died at the age of 74. Her son announced that she died after a short illness.
# Marakwet District

Marakwet District is a defunct administrative district in the former Rift Valley Province of Kenya. Its capital town was Kapsowar. The district had a population of 140, 629 people in the 1999 Census. Local people are predominantly of the Marakwet tribe.
The district was created in 1994 when Elgeyo-Marakwet District was split into Marakwet and Keiyo Districts in 1994. In 2010, the two districts were joined again to form Elgeyo-Marakwet County.
Many famous Kenyan runners come from Marakwet, most notably Moses Kiptanui, Evans Rutto, Reuben Kosgei, Ezekiel Kemboi and Richard Chelimo.
The district has only one local authority, Marakwet County Council. Its population is thus the same as that of the district (140,629). The council and district have no population classified as urban (1999 census).
The Marakwet district headquarters was located at the hilly town of Kapsowar. Other rural centres/towns are Chebiemit, Kapcherop, Cheptongei, Arroor, Chesongoch, Chesoi, Kipsaiya, Sisiya, Kapyego, Tot, Sangach, Kapchebau, Kakimiti, Meuno, Kamogo, Tirap, and Embobut Mosop.

## Administrative divisions

| Division | Population* | Headquarters |
| Chebiemit | 18,559 | Chebiemit |
| Kapcherop | 39,328 | Kapcherop |
| Kapsowar | 19,647 | Kapsowar |
| Kapyego | 11,452 | Kapyego |
| Tirap | 23,311 | Kapchebau |
| Tot | 17,744 | Tot |
| Tunyo | 10,588 | |
| * 1999 census. Source: |||

## Constituencies

The district had two constituencies:
* Marakwet East Constituency
* Marakwet West Constituency
# Will Martin

Will Martin (born 31 August 1984) is a New Zealand-born classical crossover singer.
Martin's first album, released in his native New Zealand, went platinum in 6 weeks. The album, called A New World, featured songs such as "Into the West", "If" and "Going Home".
Will commented on his success with "I am an entertainer; I sing, I can play the piano. I want to bring an entertainment factor to this kind of music because it has never really been done before".
"I intend to rock out with a big orchestra behind me. I want to be real. I want to misbehave. I want to reach people. Dress me like a pop star and let me sing, and maybe some eighteen-year-old girl will go out and buy a classical album for the first time".
Martin released his second album titled Inspirations in New Zealand in late November 2010.
On 23 October he performed the France national anthem "La Marseillaise" at Eden Park in Auckland before the final of the 2011 Rugby World Cup.

## Biography

Will Martin was born in Wellington, New Zealand, the son of a lawyer and a nurse. He has Māori ancestry on his mother's side. He was brought up in Auckland. The family had no musical tradition, and Martin began singing seriously only in his teens.
In 2007, Martin obtained a five-album deal with Universal Music worth $3 million.

## Discography
### Albums

| Title | Details | Peak chart positions | Certifications |
| Title | Details | NZ | Certifications |
| A New World | Released: 2007 Formats: Digital download Label: Universal Music | 2 | RMNZ: Platinum |
| Inspirations | Released: 15 November 2010 Formats: Digital download Label: Universal | 13 | |
| By Request | Released: 26 April 2019 Formats: Digital download Label: Universal | 12 | RMNZ: 4× Platinum |

### Singles

| Title | Year | Album |
| "So Far Away" | 2008 | A New World |
| "Faraway Place" | 2010 | Non-album single |
# Gauchsbach

Gauchsbach is a river of Bavaria, Germany. It passes through Feucht and flows into the Schwarzach near Wendelstein.
# Ramling

Ramling (Old Shirur) is a village in Pune district, Maharashtra, India, on a distance of 3km from Shirur on the way towards Pabal.
The village is known for a famous Shiva (Ramling) Temple.
* This article about a location in Pune district is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# A Larum

A Larum is the debut album of London-based folk rock musician Johnny Flynn, released in the UK on 26 May 2008 and in the US on 29 July 2008. On the album, Flynn is backed by his band the Sussex Wit.

## Background

The title of the album is the Middle English word for "alarm," used in Shakespeare's stage directions to signify a disturbance occurring offstage, and Flynn "quite liked the idea that the noise happening offstage was this album".
The record was recorded at a studio called Bear Creek near Seattle. In a 2010 interview, Flynn said of the studio, "The only thing around was a coffee stand where the girls wore bikinis. It was on a main road through the woods, in the middle of nowhere. That made us feel very English."

## Reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
| Drowned in Sound | (8/10) link |
| The Independent | (favourable) link |
| musicOMH.com | |
| This Is Fake DIY | dead link |
| The Times | dead link |
In her review for Allmusic, critic Katherine Fullton wrote "it quickly becomes clear that the Wit's intricate, meandering rhythms and melodies are a fitting complement to Flynn's straightforward delivery, augmenting lyrics that would also function as poetry outside of a musical setting... The tangible intimacy between Flynn and his group makes A Larum not only an introduction, but also captures the gentle, amicable nature that makes them such an inviting and satisfying listen."
Peter Hayward of MusicOMH called the album "a marvellously accomplished and endearing debut that, while rooted in tradition and most easily described as folk, should have broader appeal beyond the beardy-weirdy set."
Writing for Rolling Stone, David Fricke named A Larum as one of "Fricke's Picks", calling it a "dramatic entrance" for Flynn and his band, drawing allusions between Flynn and earlier folk artists such as Fairport Convention and Bert Jansch.
The song "Tickle Me Pink" was featured as iTunes free single of the week. A Larum was nominated for the Xfm New Music Award (2009) and was also named as the 37th best album of 2008 by Paste Magazine.
Flynn re-issued A Larum in October 2019.
# List of Paralympic medalists in boccia
## Medalists

Source:

### Men's events (1984)
#### Individual C1

| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| 1984 New York/Stoke Mandeville details | Henrik Jorgenson Denmark | Russell Cecchini Canada | Terry Hudson Great Britain |

#### Individual C2

| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| 1984 New York/Stoke Mandeville details | Craig Clifton United States | Gord Hamilton Canada | Mark Chard Great Britain |

### Women's events (1984)
#### Individual C1

| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| 1984 New York/Stoke Mandeville details | Carol Johnson Great Britain | Candy Dermarois United States | Debbie Willows Canada |

#### Individual C2

| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| 1984 New York/Stoke Mandeville details | Nancy Anderson United States | Diane Wiscombe Great Britain | Jane Spitzley United States |

### Mixed events
#### Mixed individual C1

| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| 1988 Seoul details | Kang No Yun South Korea | Henrik Jorgensen Denmark | Joao Alves Portugal |
| 1992 Barcelona details | Antonio Cid Spain | James Thomson United States | Henrik Jorgenson Denmark |
| 1996 Atlanta details | José Macedo Portugal | Yolanda Martin Spain | Paul Driesen Belgium |
| 2000 Sydney details | Gabriel Shelly Ireland | Antonio Cid Spain | Francisco Beltran Spain |
| 2004 Athens details | João Paulo Fernandes Portugal | Roger Aandalen Norway | Pattaya Tadtong Thailand |
| 2008 Beijing details | João Paulo Fernandes Portugal | Antonio Marques Portugal | Gabriel Shelly Ireland |
| 2012 London details | Pattaya Tadtong Thailand | David Smith Great Britain | Roger Aandalen Norway |

#### Individual C2

| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| 1988 Seoul details | Thomas Leahy Ireland | Lee Jin-woo South Korea | Fernando Ferreira Portugal |
| 1992 Barcelona details | Lee Jin-woo South Korea | Fernando Costa Portugal | Shin Hyuk Lim South Korea |
| 1996 Atlanta details | Hae Ryong Kim South Korea | Henrik Jorgensen Denmark | Steven Thompson United States |
| 2000 Sydney details | Nigel Murray Great Britain | Lee Jin-woo South Korea | Jesus Fraile Spain |
| 2004 Athens details | José Javier Curto Spain | Pedro Silva Portugal | Fernando Ferreira Portugal |
| 2008 Beijing details | Hoi Ying Karen Kwok Hong Kong | Nigel Murray Great Britain | Manuel Ángel Martin Spain |
| 2012 London details | Maciel Sousa Santos Brazil | Yan Zhiqiang China | So-Yeong Jeong South Korea |

### Mixed team events (C1-2)

| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| 1984 New York/Stoke Mandeville details | Portugal (POR) | Great Britain (GBR) | United States (USA) |
| 1988 Seoul details | Portugal (POR) | South Korea (KOR) | Denmark (DEN) |
| 1992 Barcelona details | Spain (ESP) | Denmark (DEN) | Ireland (IRL) |
| 1996 Atlanta details | Spain (ESP) | Portugal (POR) | South Korea (KOR) |
| 2000 Sydney details | South Korea (KOR) | Spain (ESP) | Portugal (POR) |
| 2004 Athens details | Portugal (POR) | New Zealand (NZL) | Spain (ESP) |
| 2008 Beijing details | Great Britain (GBR) | Portugal (POR) | Spain (ESP) |
| 2012 London details | Thailand (THA) | China (CHN) | Great Britain (GBR) |
# Sigurður Eggerz

Sigurður Eggerz (1 March 1875 – 16 November 1945) was minister for Iceland from 21 July 1914 to 4 May 1915, and prime minister of Iceland from 7 March 1922 to 22 March 1924.

## Career

He was a member of Alþingi from 1911 to 1915, 1916 to 1926 and 1927 to 1931. He was minister of Finance of Iceland from 1917 to 1920. He served as speaker of the Althing in 1922. He was one of the politicians that founded the Independence Party in 1929. He graduated in laws from University of Copenhagen in 1903.

## Family

His wife was named Solveig Kristjánsdóttir, and they had two children: Erna and Kristján Pétur. Kristján Pétur Eggerz entered the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, where he served in various diplomatic posts, including as Ambassador to Germany, before retiring to Iceland and becoming a bestselling author. His granddaughter, is author Sólveig Eggerz.
# First Time (Liam Payne and French Montana song)

"First Time" is a song by English singer Liam Payne and Moroccan-American rapper French Montana. The song was released on 17 August 2018 as the lead single from his debut extended play, First Time.

## Background and composition

Payne released "First Time" on 17 August 2018 and announced the track listing for his EP First Time. The track was written by Karim Kharbouch, Stephen McGregor, John Mitchell and BURNS. Musically, the song has been described as a "Latin-infused track" and R&B.

## Music video

The music video for "First Time" was directed by Phillip R. Lopez and was released on 20 September 2018. The music video was filmed in New York City and shows Payne walking through the neon lit city and down rain-dampened streets and driving with Montana. Payne spoke about the concept with Billboard stating, "We are basically shooting me through New York, and I've got this girl. She's put a spell on me. It's been known to happen many times. So I'm going to recreate that moment.

## Chart performance

"First Time" saw little commercial success, failing to chart on the UK Singles Chart and the UK Singles Top 40. However, the song peaked at number 68 on the UK Singles Downloads Chart. The song also reached number 82 on the Scottish Singles Chart.

## Charts

Chart performance for "First Time" :
| Chart (2018) | Peak position |
| Netherlands (Dutch Top 40 Tiparade) | 10 |
| New Zealand Hot Singles (RMNZ) | 27 |
| Scotland (OCC) | 82 |
| UK Singles Downloads (OCC) | 68 |

## Release history

Release history for "First Time" :
| Region | Date | Format | Label | Ref. |
| Various | 17 August 2018 | Digital download | Capitol | |
# Pociękarb

Pociękarb is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Reńska Wieś, within Kędzierzyn-Koźle County, Opole Voivodeship, in south-western Poland. It lies approximately 4 kilometres (2 mi) west of Reńska Wieś, 10 km (6 mi) south-west of Kędzierzyn-Koźle, and 41 km (25 mi) south of the regional capital Opole.
# Shinjuku Koma Theater

The Shinjuku Koma Theater (新宿コマ劇場, Shinjuku Koma Gekijō) was a major theatre in the Kabukichō, Shinjuku, Tokyo. The theatre opened in 1956 and it had a capacity of 2,088 seats. It was demolished in 2009. The Toho Shinjuku Building currently stands on the theater's former grounds.

## Past shows

* Kōhaku Uta Gassen (1958)
* Saburō Kitajima
* Ken Matsudaira
* Hibari Misora
* Kiyoshi Hikawa
* Sachiko Kobayashi
* Nana Mizuki (2008)
* Momoe in Koma (1977)
* Kasou Taishou (1979)
* Annie Get Your Gun
* How to Succeed in Business Without Really Trying
* South Pacific
* Peter Pan
* We Will Rock You
# The Silver Dollar Room

The Silver Dollar Room was a live music venue located next to the main floor of the Hotel Waverly, a four-storey low-rise hotel located in downtown Toronto. Opened in 1900, the hotel was built for J.J. Powell. It was one of the oldest Toronto hotels in continuous operation.
The Room opened on January 5, 1959; it first started as a lounge for the Waverley Hotel and received Heritage Designation Status in 2015 after a proposal to demolish the hotel and the venue was rejected by the City of Toronto.
The Room closed on May 1, 2017. While the site will be redeveloped as a 15-storey mixed-use building, the Silver Dollar will reopen with its distinctive exterior sign and the internal mural reinstated. The building was demolished in 2018.
# Lowther, New Zealand

Lowther is a locality in Southland, New Zealand, at the south-eastern corner of the Five Rivers Plain. It lies on State Highway 6, 8 km (5 miles) north of Lumsden. To its east rises Lowther Peak (912 m), named by John Turnbull Thomson, from which the name of the locality comes. Thomson had named the peak after local runholder Thomas Lowther Barnhill. His mother's family, the Lowthers, came from the Strabane area of Northern Ireland.
Beside State Highway 6 is a memorial cairn commemorating the Battle of Waitaramea. Around 1725, Kaweriri led a large party of Ngāi Tahu from Canterbury with the intention of destroying the Kāti Māmoe of Otago and Southland. In an ensuing engagement with a smaller group of Kāti Māmoe the leader of the latter, Tutemakohu, managed to kill Kaweriri, before he and his party escaped into fog. Having also lost other leaders in the fight the Ngāi Tahu force retreated back home.
The township of Lowther was surveyed by J. A. McArthur in 1863. A police station and lock-up were established there, and later a courthouse was built. The first policeman in the district was Constable Malone. Two hotels were established in the township, the last closing after flood damage in 1912.
The Kingston Branch Railway opened to Lowther, where a siding was built, on 15 January 1877, and for a year it was the temporary terminus of the line. With the opening of the railway Lumsden became the commercial centre of the district and Lowther declined in importance. In 1879 the police station, lock-up and court were all shifted to Lumsden. The lock-up has been restored and has been placed next to Lumsden's old railway station. The railway closed on 26 November 1979. The Around the Mountains Cycle Trail now follows the old trackline.

## Climate

Climate data for Five Rivers CWS (1991–2020) :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 20.2 (68.4) | 19.9 (67.8) | 18.0 (64.4) | 15.0 (59.0) | 12.4 (54.3) | 9.6 (49.3) | 8.8 (47.8) | 10.5 (50.9) | 12.9 (55.2) | 14.8 (58.6) | 16.7 (62.1) | 18.8 (65.8) | 14.8 (58.6) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 14.5 (58.1) | 14.1 (57.4) | 12.2 (54.0) | 9.9 (49.8) | 7.6 (45.7) | 4.9 (40.8) | 4.1 (39.4) | 5.6 (42.1) | 7.8 (46.0) | 9.6 (49.3) | 11.3 (52.3) | 13.3 (55.9) | 9.6 (49.2) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 8.9 (48.0) | 8.4 (47.1) | 6.4 (43.5) | 4.7 (40.5) | 2.8 (37.0) | 0.1 (32.2) | −0.6 (30.9) | 0.8 (33.4) | 2.8 (37.0) | 4.5 (40.1) | 6.0 (42.8) | 7.8 (46.0) | 4.4 (39.9) |
| Source: NIWA ||||||||||||||
# Hartshill Formation

The Hartshill Formation is a geologic formation in England. It preserves fossils dating back to the Cambrian period.
# Balistoidei

Balistoidei, or Sclerodermi, is a suborder of ray-finned fishes belonging to the order Tetraodontiformes, the order which includes the pufferfishes, ocean sunfishes, boxfishes and related fishes. This suborder comprises two extant and three extinct families, the extant species in this taxon are widespread throughout the tropical and temperate seas of the world.

## Taxonomy

Balistoidei was proposed as a taxonomic grouping by Rafinesque in 1810 and is recognised by the 5th edition of the Fishes of the World as a suborder of the order Tretraodontiformes. Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes also recognises the Balistoidei but includes the Aracanidae and the Ostraciidae within it. On the other hand, other authorities do not recognise any taxa between the level of family and suborder in their Tetraodontoidei.

## Families

Balistoidei contains the following famlilies:
* †Bolcabalistidae Santini & Tyler, 2003
* †Moclaybalistidae Santini & Tyler, 2003
* † Eospinidae Santini & Tyler, 2003
* Balistidae Rafinesque, 1810 (Triggerfishes)
* Monacanthidae Nardo, 1843 (Filefishes)

## Characteristics

Balistoidei is characterised by typically having a laterally compressed body. The frontal bones extand well to the front of the joint between the lateral ethmoid and eithmoid bones. The head and body are covered in scales, often highly modified and sometimes embedded in the skin. They have no pelvic fins, although in some taxa pelvic spines or tubercles may be present and in other a pelvis is present. The first spine in the dorsal fin is lockable and the upper jaw is not protractile and has rows of protruding incisor-like teeth. The soft dorsal fin has between 23 and 52 fin rays while the anal fin has between 20 and 66 fin rays. These fishes have the ability to rotate their eyes independently of each other. The largest species in the suborder is Aluterus scriptus which has been recorded at 1 m (3 ft 3 in) in length.

## Distribution

Balistoidei fishes are found in the warm and tropical parts of the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific Oceans.