OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Tennessee Frontiers: Three Regions in Transition

Tennessee Frontiers: Three Regions in Transition is a book by John R. Finger published in 2001 by Indiana University Press. The work is part of the A History of the Trans-Appalachian Frontier series edited by Malcolm J. Rohrbough and Walter Nugent.

## Contents

The work looks at the Tennessee frontier from early European contact with Native Americans to the ethnic cleansing of Native Americans from the region in 1830. It addresses issues such as the development and expansion of the market economy, land hunger, speculation, political and military interactions with regional tribes, and the search for stability and security.

### Structure

The work contains normal front material and begins with a foreword by the series editors and an introduction by the author, followed by eleven chapters:
    1 Land, People, and Early Frontiers
    2 Trade, Acculturation, and Empire: 1700-1775
    3 The Revolutionary Frontier: 1775-1780
    4 Expansion Amid Revolution: 1779-1783
    5 Speculation, Turmoil, and Intrigue: 1780-1789
    6 The Southwest Territory: 1790-1796
    7 The Social Fabric
    8 The Frontier Economy
    9 Statehood to Nationalism: 1796-1815
    10 The Western District: 1795-1840
    11 Hegemony and Cherokee Removal: 1791-1840
It finishes with a conclusion and essay on sources by the author.

## Academic journal reviews

* Akridge, Scott (2003). "Reviewed work: Tennessee Frontiers: Three Regions in Transition, John R. Finger". The Arkansas Historical Quarterly. 62 (1): 96–98. doi:10.2307/40023309. JSTOR 40023309.
* Hofstra, Warren R. (2002). "Reviewed work: Tennessee Frontiers: Three Regions in Transition, John R. Finger". The Georgia Historical Quarterly. 86 (3): 457–460. JSTOR 40584575.
* O'Brien, Greg (2003). "Reviewed work: Tennessee Frontiers: Three Regions in Transition, John R. Finger". Indiana Magazine of History. 99 (1): 63–64. JSTOR 27792447.
* Ray, Kristofer (2003). "Reviewed work: Tennessee Frontiers: Three Regions in Transition, John R. Finger". Tennessee Historical Quarterly. 62 (3): 282–284. JSTOR 42627776.
* Waller, Altina L. (2003). "Reviews of Books:Tennessee Frontiers: Three Regions in Transition John R. Finger". The American Historical Review. 108: 185–186. doi:10.1086/533090.

## Publication details

Tennessee Frontiers: Three Regions in Transition, by John R. Finger was published by Indiana University Press in Hardback in 2001. John R. Finger is an emeritus professor of history at the University of Tennessee, Knoxville.

## Similar or related works

* Kentucke's Frontiers
* The Ohio Frontier: Crucible of the Old Northwest, 1720–1830
* The Trans-Appalachian Frontier: People, Societies, and Institutions, 1775-1850
# Mulgimaa

Mulgimaa is a cultural-historical region in South Estonia. Today the region encompasses Viljandi County and northwestern Valga County. Historically, Mulgimaa was divided into five parishes (Estonian: kihelkond): Halliste, Helme, Karksi, Paistu, and Tarvastu.
Traditionally, the Mulgi dialect was spoken in Mulgimaa.
# Syro-Hexaplar version

The Syro-Hexaplar version (or Syro-Hexapla) is the Syrian Aramaic (Syriac) translation of the Greek of the Septuagint as found in the fifth column of Origen's Hexapla. The translation was made by Bishop Paul of Tella at the monastery of the Enaton in Egypt around 617.
The Syro-Hexapla was more popular in the West Syrian church than in the Church of the East. Jacob of Edessa used it in his revision of the Peshitta. It was used by the East Syriac scholar Ishodad of Merv in his commentaries.
The Syro-Hexapla is important for the study of the Septuagint, for Henry Swete believed that it often includes the symbols Origen used to mark the differences he observed between the Septuagint text and the Hebrew text. Since many later copies of the Septuagint dropped Origen's symbols, the Syro-Hexapla is one of the primary ways that textual critics can identify Hexaplaric material in the Septuagint.
Being a direct translation from Origen's edition of the Septuagint (with corrections) into Syriac, the Syro-Hexapla should be distinguished from the Peshitta, which is a Syriac translation directly from the Hebrew.
# Tokyoite

Tokyoite is a rare barium manganese vanadate mineral with the chemical formula: Ba$_2$(Mn$^{3+}$,Fe$^{3+}$)OH(VO$_4$)$_2$. It is the manganese analogue of the iron rich gamagarite and the barium analogue of the lead vanadate, brackebuschite.
It occurs in low-grade metamorphosed sedimentary manganese ore deposits associated with hyalophane, braunite and tamaite.
It was first reported for an occurrence in the Shiromaru Mine, Okutama, Tama district, Tokyo Prefecture, Kantō region, Honshu Island, Japan and approved by the IMA in 2003. It has been found in two mines in Italy and one in Japan, for which it was named.
# Aksdal

Aksdal is a village and the administrative centre of Tysvær municipality, Norway. The village is located on the northern shore of the large lake Aksdalsvatnet, at the junction of the European route E134 and European route E39 highways. The village of Førre lies about 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) to the west of Aksdal and the village of Grinde lies about 1.5 kilometres (0.93 mi) to the east. Aksdal Church is located in Aksdal.
The 0.42-square-kilometre (100-acre) village has a population (2019) of 689 and a population density of 1,640 inhabitants per square kilometre (4,200/sq mi).
# Jardine Lloyd Thompson

Jardine Lloyd Thompson Group plc, also known as JLT Group or simply JLT, was a British multinational corporation that had its headquarters in London, England. It provided insurance, reinsurance, employment benefits advice and brokerage services. It was a constituent of the FTSE 250 Index until it was acquired by Marsh McLennan in April 2019.

## History

The company was established as a division of Jardine Matheson in 1972. In 1991, Jardine Insurance Brokers was first listed on the London Stock Exchange. In 1997, it merged with Lloyd Thompson Group to form Jardine Lloyd Thompson Group. In June 2007, it acquired Pavilion Insurance, and in June 2008, it announced the acquisition of Harman Wicks and Swayne.
In July 2009, the company launched a new brand which removed the names of the firm ("Jardine Lloyd Thompson"), leaving simply the acronym JLT and an evolution of the pyramid device. In December 2009, the company acquired HSBC Actuaries and Consultants, a UK-based employee benefits and actuarial consultancy firm, for a purchase price of £27.25 million. In January 2010, the company acquired the Iimia Wealth Management (IWM) division of Midas Capital for a cash consideration of £7.25 million and in October 2010 the company acquired a majority interest in Orbital Corredores de Seguros, the 4th largest insurance broker in Chile via acquisition of a majority stake in its holding company Alta SA.
In May 2012, the company acquired Towner Management Group's Barbados business and operations. Towner's US arm, Towner Management Group US, also entered into a joint venture with the JLT Group, resulting in Towner rebranding as JLT Towner. In October 2012 the company acquired Alexander Forbes Consultants and Actuaries for a purchase price of £17 million. In February 2013, the company acquired Insfield Insurance Brokers Sdn Bhd in Malaysia and in May 2013 the company acquired PT GESA Assistance (GESA) and PT Global Asistensi Manajemen Indonesia (GAMI), two Indonesian healthcare management and third party administration service providers, combining them to form PT JLT GESA.
Then in September 2013, the company bought Towers Watson's reinsurance brokerage business and in August 2014 it announced that JLT Specialty and Lloyd & Partners would merge and that there would be an expansion of the company's US capabilities. In November 2016 it announced the disposal of Thistle, an underwriting arm.
In 2015, the Court of Appeal of England and Wales held that global insurance brokers Willis Group were entitled to an interim injunction to prevent JLT from unfairly recruiting its remaining staff. More than 20 employees, including nearly all senior staff in one department, had left Willis to work for JLT.
In September 2018 the company agreed to accept an offer from Marsh McLennan, valuing the company at £4.3 billion. The transaction was completed on 1 April 2019.

## Operations

The company has operations organised as follows:
* Risk and insurance
** Advice and consultancy
** Captive management
* Employee benefits
** Pension and retirement services
** Health, risk and benefits
** Investment services
** Wealth management
# Adelidoria glauca

Adelidoria glauca is an insect species from Sri Lanka that was first described by William Forsell Kirby in 1891. It is the only species of the genus Adelidoria, which is related to the genus Cerynia, but differs in the neuration, etc.

## Description

According to Distant, length excluding tegmina 9 to 10 mm; including tegmina 33 to 35 mm. According to Kirby it is 27–31 mm long. Tegmina are pale bluish grey, hind marginal area is paler; hind wings are more grey and iridescent. Body white, scutellum and legs black. Abdomen covered with white feathery waxy excrescences. The frons is longitudinally convex, genae anteriorly rotundate, neither frons nor genae produced in the middle. Ocelli distinct. Antennae: segments of the peduncle elongate, first extending considerably beyond the lateral margins of the genae, second about one-fifth longer than the first. Tegmina are very greatly decumbent, very ample, sensibly widened towards the apex, rotundate, with a single regular series of transverse nervures towards the apex; corium, etc. (except at the base) with numerous transverse nervures; many of the longitudinal nervures furcate. Costal membrane dilated, basally narrowed more than twice as long in the middle as the costal area. Posterior tibiae with one spine. Abdomen compressed.

## Biology and behavior

It sometimes covers the leaves of Syzygium trees upon which the larva feeds. When disturbed, it flies away in clouds.

## Distribution

It is only known from Sri Lanka.

## Sources

* ↑ Metcalf Z. P. (1957) Part 13. Flatidae and Hypochthonellidae, In: Metcalf Z. P. 1954 – General Catalog of the Homoptera. Fascicule IV, North Carolina State College, Raleigh (United States of America). pp. 1–565.
* ↑ Melichar L. (1901) The Monographie of Acanaloniids and Flatiden (Homoptera), Annals of the Royal Swedish Museum of Natural History. Vienna, 16: 178–258.
* ↑ Kirkaldy G. W. (1903) Recent literature, The Entomologist. An illustrated Journal of Entomology. London, 36: 77–79.
* 1 2 3 4 5 6 Kirby W. F. (1891) Catalog of the described Hemiptera Heteroptera and Homoptera of Ceylon, based on the collection formed by Mr. E. Ernest Green, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. London, 24: 154, 176 (illustration no. 14)
* ↑ "Catalogue of Life : Poeciloptera glauca Kirby, 1891". catalogueoflife.org.
* ↑ Bourgoin T. Flow: Fulgoromorpha Lists On the WEB, 28 September 2009
* 1 2 3 4 Kirkaldy, G. W. (1902) Memoirs on Oriental Rhynchota, The Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, Bombay, Vol. 14: 54. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
* 1 2 3 4 5 Distant, William Lucas, (1902) Rhynchota — Vol. I. (Heteroptera), The Fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma London, : 411
* ↑ iNaturalist. Adelidoria glauca. Retrieved 6 December 2019.
# Bis(benzonitrile)palladium dichloride

Bis(benzonitrile)palladium dichloride is the coordination complex with the formula PdCl$_2$(NCC$_6$H$_5$)$_2$. It is the adduct of two benzonitrile (PhCN) ligands with palladium(II) chloride. It is a yellow-brown solid that is soluble in organic solvents. The compound is a reagent and a precatalyst for reactions that require soluble Pd(II). A closely related compound is bis(acetonitrile)palladium dichloride.
The complex is prepared by dissolving PdCl$_2$ in warm benzonitrile. The PhCN ligands are labile, and the complex reverts to PdCl$_2$ in noncoordinating solvents. According to X-ray crystallography, the two PhCN ligands are mutually trans.
# Ningbo Merchants Group

The Ningbo Merchants Group (simplified Chinese: 宁波商帮; traditional Chinese: 寧波商幫; pinyin: Níngbō Shāng Bāng), or just simply Ningbo Group, also known as the Grassroots Businessmen, was one of the ten largest commercial groups during the Ming and Qing dynasties, and it became the single biggest commercial regional group of China in the Late Qing dynasty.

## History

Throughout the 19th and 20th centuries, the Ningbo Group had business in banking and insurance; shipbuilding, both junks and steamships; clothing, both locally produced and imported from western countries; medicine; and fishing. During the Beiyang government period, their trade influence spread to Shanghai, Wuhan, and Tianjin.
In the mid-20th century, Ningbo merchants expanded to Hong Kong and overseas to Taiwan, amongst other places.
In 2004, the Ningbo Gang Conference was held and called for the creation of a "New Ningbo Gang" to aid to development of Ningbo. The legacy of the Ningbo Group is taken up by the International Ningbo Merchants Association

## Notable people

Notable members of the Ningbo Group include:
* Yue Xianyang and his family (founder of Tong Ren Tang)
* Bao Yugang
* Dong Haoyun
* Run Run Shaw
* Zhu Baosan
* Liu Hongsheng
# Maligaon Chariali

Maligaon Chariali is the focal -point of Maligaon, in Guwahati. It is located between Jalukbari Point and Kamakhya foot hill of famous Kamakhya Temple. The road passing through Maligaon earlier was called Assam Trunk Road and during ist tenure of AGP, the road has been christened as the Dinesh Goswami Road. The word ‘chariali’ in Assamese means ‘a place where four roads meet. Towards the west from Maligaon Chariali one finds the Dinesh Goswami road (old Assam Trunk Road) approaching Jalukbari via Adabari, while towards the east, one approaches Kamakhya foot hill. A few decades back Maligaon was not part of Guwahati but of Pandu; from 1975 Maligaon became part of Guwahati (Municipality Corporation). The Padmanath Gohain Baruah Road (P.N.G.B. Road) runs from Maligaon Chariali to NH-37 at Tetelia via Maligaon Goshala. The fourth road is the one that originates at Maligaon Chariali and runs northwest towards Pandu Cabin, touching Aruna Cinema Hall and Pandu College on the way. The Jalukbari Police Station lies at this corner of the Chariali. A foot overbridge for pedestrians has been inaugurated in early 2013.
The Kamakhya Railway Junction leads from Maligaon Chariali. This Railway station earlier named as Jalukbari. 26°09′00″N 91°41′00″E﻿ / ﻿26.15000°N 91.68333°E﻿ / 26.15000; 91.68333
# Jaro Křivohlavý

Jaro Křivohlavý (19 March 1925 – 27 December 2014) was a Czech psychologist and writer. He dealt with health psychology, experimental psychology and logotherapy. He published a number of books on stress, aging, happiness and also forgiveness and its impact on human health.

## Life

Křivohlavý was born on 19 March 1925 in Třebenice (Czechoslovakia). When he was 17, he was imprisoned by Nazis in Small Fortress in Terezín. Later, during the communist regime, he was forced to work for three years in the Prago IV mine in Kladno.
He studied on the Faculty of Philosophy of the Charles University, majoring in Psychology, Philosophy and Anglicistics. In 1950 he obtained a Ph.D. in Philosophy.
In 1996 he was granted the title of Doctor of Science. Later, after his habilitation on the Masaryk University (Brno), the president of the Czech Republic Václav Havel awarded him with the university professor degree.
In 1967–1994 he worked in the Postgradual Medical Institute in Prague teaching medical doctors in their preparation for specializing in medicine, and working in the hospitals especially with cancer patients, coronary patients and with the handicapped. In those years, he gave lectures and published both in the Czech Republic and abroad. Later, he taught health psychology at the Faculty of Humanities at the Charles University, Prague.
Křivohlavý was a Protestant, he was a member of the Evangelical Church of Czech Brethren, baptised and confirmed (1939), ordained presbyter and lay preacher. For five years he was a member of the Prague-region administration of the church and for 15 years (1969–1984) thrice elected as a lay member of the leading body of the whole church, the Synodal Counsel. In 1967 he was a member of the Church and Society WCC meeting in Geneve, and in 1968 an adviser to the Uppsala general meeting of the WCC.
Křivohlavý had been married since 1951 and had three children.
# DUCTAC

Dubai Community Theatre & Arts Centre (DUCTAC) is a non-profit community center based in the city of Dubai, United Arab Emirates, hosting events program, courses and art exhibitions. Founded in 2006, the DUCTAC was located in the Mall of the Emirates, covering an area of 77,952 ft sq (7,424 m sq). The center included:
* Centrepoint Theatre: two levels theatre featuring a 120 m2 (1291 ft2) proscenium stage with 543 seat capacity.
* Kilachand Studio Theatre: a smaller theatre divided into 10 raked tiers that hold 151 seats
* Gallery of Light: contemporary art gallery space that is dedicated to working with local artists
* Dance Studios: Three different capacity woonden floor studios.
* Art Studios: 14 Art Studios ranging in size and capacity
* Balcony Lounge: 3,240 sq2 ft carpet fitted area with a capacity of 100 people suitable for seminars and talks
In July 2018, Dubai Community Theatre & Arts Centre (DUCTAC) closed at the Mall of the Emirates. At the time it announced plans to relocate to the Mirdif City Centre in September 2018.
# Florida Ship Canal Company

The Florida Ship Canal Company was a company founded in 1883 with hopes to build a proposed Cross Florida Canal.
The company was incorporated February 26, 1883 under Florida state law chapter 3486. Its stated purpose was:
    to survey, locate, construct, own, maintain, and operate and enjoy a Ship Canal and Telegraph Line, with all appropriate and necessary appurtenances across the peninsula of the State of Florida, which shall connect the waters of the Atlantic Ocean with the Gulf of Mexico, commencing at a point on the Atlantic coast at or between the bay and harbor at Fernandina and the bay and harbor of St. Augustine, thence by the most practicable and feasible route the said company may ascertain across said peninsula, terminating with the Gulf of Mexico at any point between Apalachee Bay and Tampa Bay and harbor, with the right to use and pass over any river, lake or other body of water on the route so selected for said canal, the same to be constructed with or without locks, as the company may determine.
A map of the route was to be filed in the office of the Florida Commissioner of Lands and Immigration within one year of the passage of the act.
The company was owned by: Townsend Cox, Wm. Fullerton, John H. Fry, L. M. Lawson, S. T. Meyer, Micheal Jacobs and David McAdam, of the City of New York; John C. Brown of Tennessee; Wm. Mahone, Wm. E. Cameron, A. W. Jones and V. D. Groner, of Virginia; John P. Jones, of Nevada; Benj. F Butler of Massachusetts; and W. H. Manning of Ohio.
# Artan Sakaj

Artan Sakaj (born 8 December 1980) is an Albanian football manager and retired player.

## Playing career
### Club

Sakaj began his playing career with his home town club, KS Flamurtari Vlorë, before moving to clubs outside of Vlorë, including KS Elbasani. He joined Besa in June 2008, appearing for the club in the UEFA Intertoto Cup 2008 as they advanced to the second round before losing to Grasshopper Club Zürich. In summer 2009 Sakaj returned to Flamurtari, where he is captain of the team.
# Abe River

The Abe River (安倍川, Abe-kawa) is a Class A river in Shizuoka Prefecture in central Japan. It is 53.3 kilometres (33.1 mi) long and has a drainage basin of 567 square kilometres (219 sq mi). Approximately 170,000 people live in the basin area.
The river rises in the Akaishi Mountains, which stretch over the boundary between Yamanashi and Shizuoka Prefectures, and flows into Suruga Bay in the Pacific Ocean. It is known for its clear stream and forms part of the main water supply for Shizuoka city.
There are many hot springs at the river head, which is also known for its numerous landslides and for the Abe Great Falls, one of Japan's Top 100 Waterfalls. Unlike the nearby Tenryū River and Ōi River, there are no dams on the Abe River.
Tokugawa Ieyasu carried out extensive construction and formed the present route of the lower course of the river. Abekawamochi (安倍川餅), a mochi rice cake dusted with kinako (soybean flour), has been a local speciality of this area since at least the Edo period.
The river's mouth is at 34°55′47″N 138°23′38″E﻿ / ﻿34.929749°N 138.393806°E﻿ / 34.929749; 138.393806.
# Chamber of Central Mass South

The Chamber of Central Mass South is the local chamber of commerce for portions of Hampden and Worcester counties within South Central Massachusetts. The chamber represents the business needs of over 300 businesses and thousands of employees in the area.
Membership in the Chamber of Central Mass South also includes membership in the Worcester Regional Chamber of Commerce at no extra cost.

## Mission

The Central Mass South Chamber of Commerce is the leading advocate for business, promotes the success of its members, and enhances regional prosperity through networking, education, and promotion.

## Vision

To be the leading business organization in the region, fostering exciting economic and community development with a new spirit for collaboration and success.

## Chamber Staff

* Alexandra McNitt, Executive Director
* Jack Starkey, Communications

## Executive committee

* Christina Hadis-Blackwell, Chair, The Center of Hope
* Emily Klamm, 1st Vice Chair, Old Sturbridge Village

## Board of directors

* Brad Arcoite, Table 3 Restaurant Group
* Alycia Dzik, Webster First Federal Credit Union
* Mike Checkosky, Cornerstone Bank
* Michael Wales, Michael L. Wales Painting Company
* Christina Hadis-Blackwell, The Center of Hope
* Kelly Hibbard, UMass Memorial - Harrington Hospital
* Anthony Marini, BankHometown
* Trevor Nielsen, Edward Jones
* James Donahue, Old Sturbridge Village, Honorary, Non-Voting Member

## Member Benefits

The mission at the Central Mass South Chamber is to be a membership driven organization that provides resources and services to promote and maintain a strong business environment. The chamber offers the following programs and services such as networking, promotion, education and skills development, and advocacy.

## Issues

The Central Mass South Chamber of Commerce supports the development of regional higher education centers that would allow students to join a manufacturing training program and advance to associate and four-year degree programs. This program would run through the Quinsigamond Community College and focus on optics and micro-electronics manufacturing, a skill set needed in this region of Massachusetts.

## Events

* Monthly Fun at Five networking events
* Annual Golf Classic
* Harvest Festival
* Annual Clambake

## Example Members

* Alpine Cleaners
* Breezelands Orchards
* Center of Hope
* Dexter Russell, Inc.
* Edward Jones Investments
* Fins & Tales
* IPG Photonics
* Jees
* Kennedy Donovan Center
* Last Green Valley
* MGM Resorts
* Old Sturbridge Village
* Peterson Oil Service, Inc.
* Publick House Historic Inn
* Quality Physical Therapy
* Rapscallion Beer
* RE/MAX Professional Associates
* Salem Cross Inn
* Stonebridge Press
* Village Toastmasters
* Woman in Business, Inc.

### Example Legislative Members

* Representative Peter J. Durant
* Representative Anne Gobi
* Representative Todd Smola
* Massachusetts State Senator Stephen Brewer
* Massachusetts State Senator Richard T. Moore