OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Pressure drop

Pressure drop (often abbreviated as "dP" or "ΔP") is defined as the difference in total pressure between two points of a fluid carrying network. A pressure drop occurs when frictional forces, caused by the resistance to flow, act on a fluid as it flows through a conduit (such as a channel, pipe, or tube). This friction converts some of the fluid's hydraulic energy to thermal energy (i.e., internal energy). Since the thermal energy cannot be converted back to hydraulic energy, the fluid experiences a drop in pressure, as is required by conservation of energy.
The main determinants of resistance to fluid flow are fluid velocity through the pipe and fluid viscosity. Pressure drop increases proportionally to the frictional shear forces within the piping network. A piping network containing a high relative roughness rating as well as many pipe fittings and joints, tube convergence, divergence, turns, surface roughness, and other physical properties will affect the pressure drop. High flow velocities or high fluid viscosities result in a larger pressure drop across a pipe section, valve, or elbow joint. Low velocity will result in less (or no) pressure drop. The fluid may also be biphasic as in pneumatic conveying with a gas and a solid; in this case, the friction of the solid must also be taken into consideration for calculating the pressure drop.

## Applications

Fluid in a system will always flow from a region of higher pressure to a region of lower pressure, assuming it has a path to do so. All things being equal, a higher pressure drop will lead to a higher flow (except in cases of choked flow).
The pressure drop of a given system will determine the amount of energy needed to convey fluid through that system. For example, a larger pump could be required to move a set amount of water through smaller-diameter pipes (with higher velocity and thus higher pressure drop) as compared to a system with larger-diameter pipes (with lower velocity and thus lower pressure drop).

## Calculation of pressure drop

Pressure drop is related inversely to pipe diameter to the fifth power. For example, halving a pipe's diameter would increase the pressure drop by a factor of $2^{5}=32$ (e.g. from 2 psi to 64 psi), assuming no change in flow.
Pressure drop in piping is directly proportional to the length of the piping—for example, a pipe with twice the length will have twice the pressure drop, given the same flow rate. Piping fittings (such as elbow and tee joints) generally lead to greater pressure drop than straight pipe. As such, a number of correlations have been developed to calculate equivalent length of fittings.
Certain valves are provided with an associated flow coefficient, commonly known as C$_v$ or K$_v$. The flow coefficient relates pressure drop, flow rate, and specific gravity for a given valve.
Many empirical calculations exist for calculation of pressure drop, including:
* Darcy–Weisbach equation, to calculate pressure drop in a pipe
* Hagen–Poiseuille equation
# Kangema Constituency

Kangema Constituency is an electoral constituency in Muranga County, Kenya.
It encompasses Kangema township which is the headquarters of the newly created Murang'a North District. Murang'a North is a heavily populated district of the Central Province and it covers a vast portion of the Aberdare Ranges. The economic mainstay for Kangema is agriculture, most of the land being under Tea, Coffee, wattle and subsistence food crops. There is vibrant trade of consumer goods in the township and the adjacent towns of Gakira, Gitugu, Kiairathe Kanyenya-ini and Rwathia.
Nascent industry includes milk, tea and coffee processing factories. The area is well served by transport and communication infrastructure.

## Members of Parliament

| Elections | MP | Party | Notes |
| 1963 | Julius Gikonyo Kiano | KANU | |
| 1966 | R. Mwangi Wanjagi | KANU | One-party system |
| 1969 | R. Mwangi Wanjagi | KANU | One-party system |
| 1974 | Joseph Kamotho | KANU | One-party system |
| 1979 | Joseph Kamotho | KANU | One-party system |
| 1983 | John Michuki | KANU | One-party system. |
| 1988 | Joseph Kamotho | KANU | One-party system. |
| 1992 | John Michuki | Ford-Asili | |
| 1997 | John Michuki | Ford-People | |
| 2002 | John Michuki | NARC | |
| 2007 | John Michuki | PNU | |
| 2012 | Tiras Nyingi Ngahu | TNA | By Election |
| 2017 | Muturi Kigano | (JP) | By Election |
| 2022 | Peter Irungu Kihungi | UDA | By Electiom |

## Locations and wards
### Locations

| Location | Population |
| Iyego | 17,843 |
| Kanyenyaini | 16,489 |
| Kiruri | 9,214 |
| Muguru | 18,498 |
| Rwathia | 18,558 |
| Total | 80,602 |
| *1999 census. ||

### Wards

| Ward | Registered Voters | Local Authority |
| Gakira | 3,814 | Kangema town |
| Iyego | 8,181 | Muranga county |
| Kanyenyaini | 9,018 | Muranga county |
| Kiairathe | 1,629 | Kangema town |
| Kiruri | 4,977 | Muranga county |
| Muringaini | 2,066 | Kangema town |
| Rwathia | 9,230 | Muranga county |
| Watuha | 2,789 | Kangema town |
| Total | 41,704 | |
| *September 2005. |||
# Karl-Marx-Straße (Berlin U-Bahn)

Karl-Marx-Straße is a Berlin U-Bahn station located on the U7 line. The station was opened in 1926 as "Bergstraße," and renamed in 1946. Although Karl Marx was a hero of the socialist republic of East Germany, the station is in former West Berlin. In 1968, the station was lengthened to 105m; due to this much of its original appearance was lost. In 1993, parts of the platform fell into the rail track and the station closed for a few days while repairs were made. The station is one stop from Neukölln station, where passengers can transfer to the S-Bahn.
# Ehenbach

The Ehenbach is a river in Bavaria, Germany. It flows into the Naab near Wernberg-Köblitz.
# GNI

GNI may stand for:
* Global Network Initiative, an Internet freedom and privacy organization
* Grand Isle Seaplane Base, in Louisiana, United States
* Greater Nagoya Initiative, a Japanese business model project
* Gross national income
* Guniyandi language
* Lyudao Airport, in Taiwan
* Graph nonisomorphism problem, a computational problem frequently abbreviated as GNI.
# Norwood (soundtrack)

Norwood is the soundtrack album by American musician Glen Campbell from his 1970 film Norwood. The album was released by Capitol Records in June 1970.

## Track listing

Side 1:
* "Ol' Norwood's Comin' Home" (Mitchell Torok, Ramona Redd) - 1:47 (vocal - Glen Campbell)
* "Country Girl" (Al De Lory) - 2:52
* "Marie" (Mitchell Torok, Ramona Redd) - 2:32 (vocal - Glen Campbell)
* "The Brass Ensemble of Ralph. Texas" (Al De Lory) - 2:16
* "The Repo Man" (Mac Davis) - 1:54 (vocal - Glen Campbell)
* "Hot Wheels" (Al De Lory) - 2:45
* "I'll Paint You a Song" (Mac Davis) - 4:05 (vocal - Glen Campbell)
Side 2:
* "Norwood (Me and My Guitar)" (Mac Davis) - 2:35 (vocal - Glen Campbell)
* "The Fring Thing" (Al De Lory) - 2:33
* "Down Home" (Mac Davis) - 2:04 (vocal - Glen Campbell)
* "Chicken Out (Joann's Theme)" (Al De Lory) - 1:48
* "I'll Paint You a Song" (Reprise) (Mac Davis) - 2:07 (vocal- Glen Campbell)
* "A Different Kind of Rock" (Al De Lory) - 2:30
* "Everything a Man Could Ever Need" (Mac Davis) - 2:26 (vocal - Glen Campbell)

## Personnel

* Glen Campbell - vocals, acoustic guitar

## Production

* Executive producer - Al De Lory
* Producer - Neely Plumb/IMC Productions
* Arranged by Al De Lory, Gus Levene
* Recording Engineers - John Neal, Jack Manchen, Joe Polito
* Conductor - Al De Lory

## Charts

Album :
| Chart | Peak position |
| Billboard Country Albums | 38 |
| Billboard 200 | 90 |
Single :
| Everything a Man Could Ever Need ||
| Chart | Peak position |
| US Hot Country Songs (Billboard) | 5 |
| US Billboard Hot 100 | 52 |
| U.S. Billboard Easy Listening | 3 |
| Canadian RPM Country Tracks | 1 |
| Canadian RPM Top Singles | 47 |
| U.K. Singles Chart | 32 |
# Valvisciolo Abbey

Valvisciolo Abbey is a Cistercian monastery in the province of Latina, central Italy, near the towns of Sermoneta and Ninfa.
It is an example of rigorous Romanesque-Cistercian architecture, considered a masterpiece of that style in central Italy second only to the nearby Fossanova Abbey.

## History

According to tradition, the abbey was founded in the 8th century by Greek Basilian monks. Some sources state that it was established in 1145 by the monks of Cistercian order, by monks from the Abbey of Fossanova. Likely damaged during the 12th-century invasion of Barbarossa, it was occupied and restored by the Knights Templar in the 13th century, who after the dissolution of their order were replaced first briefly by Augustinians, then again by the Cistercians in 1312-15. The abbey had some turnover in the early 17th-century, but ultimately remained Cistercian. The monastery was dissolved in 1807 but was re-settled in 1864 and is still extant.
According to a medieval legend, when the Templar Grand Master Jacques de Molay was burnt at the stake in 1314, the church's architraves broke. The Templar influence can be still noticed today from several crosses with their characteristic shape, such as that in the rose window. During a restoration, a Templar palindromic Sator Square was discovered on a wall: it is the only known variant in which the letters form five concentric rings, each one divided into five sectors.
In 1411 the abbey passed into the hands of Paolo Caetani as commendatory abbot. In 1523 Pope Clement VII reduced it to the rank of a priory, and in 1529 it was further reduced to a secular priory. From 1600 or 1605 it was occupied by Cistercians of the Congregation of the Feuillants until 1619. Between 1619 and 1635 the premises were used by the Minims of Saint Francis of Paola. The Feuillants then returned and remained there until the suppression of religious orders enforced by Napoleon Bonaparte.
Pope Pius IX made two important visits to the abbey in 1863 and 1865, and by his order the community here was re-established, as a priory dependent upon the congregation of Casamari. The abbey continues until today to accommodate Cistercian monks of the same congregation.

## Buildings

The interior of the church consists of a nave and two aisles divided by pilasters and columns. The walls are plain, according to the Cistercian taste. At the end of the north nave is the Chapel of Saint Laurence, painted with frescoes in the years 1586-89 by Niccolò Circignani, known as "il Pomarancio" on commission from Cardinal Enrico Caetani.
Over the main entrance portal a rose window can be seen. The cloister, located to the right of the abbey and looking onto the façade, has a brightly coloured garden.
The abbey is situated in a small valley known by medieval tradition as the valley of the nightingale.
# Military-Industrial Commission of Russia

The Military-Industrial Commission of the Russian Federation (Russian: Военно-промышленная комиссия Российской Федерации (acronym VPK)) was established by a presidential decree in March 2006. According to the decree, it is a permanently functioning body with vast responsibilities for supervising the distribution and implementation of the "State defense order". The commission answers directly to the President of Russia. It coordinates between the Defence Ministry of the Russian Federation, the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, and the defense industry of Russia. Until then, the defense industry was supervised by Russia's Ministry of Industry and Energy, as well as by the previous government consultative body with a similar name.
The VPK of the Russian Federation shares the name of the former Soviet Military Industrial Commission, which served as a central management body for the Soviet defense industry. The VPK was an inner circle of the Council of Ministers, and the first deputy chairman of the Council headed it. The Soviet VPK's primary function was to facilitate plan fulfilment by easing bottlenecks, enforcing inter-ministerial cooperation, and overseeing the availability of resources.

## Commission members

* Supreme Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Armed Forces (Chairman of the commission)
* Deputy Prime Minister of Russia (Deputy Chairman of the commission, chairman of the Board of the commission)
* First Deputy Prime Minister of Russia
* First Deputy Secretary of the Security Council of Russia
* Aide to the President
* Minister of Defense of Russia
* Chief of the General Staff
* Deputy Minister of Defense
* Director of the Russian National Guard
* Director of the FSB
* General Director of the State Atomic Energy Corporation Rosatom
* Minister of Internal Affairs of Russia
* Minister of Industry and Trade of Russia
* Minister of Economic Development of Russia
* General Director of Roscosmos
* Director of the Foreign Intelligence Service of Russia
* General Director of Rostec State Corporation

## Gunsmith Day

19 September marks Gunsmith Day (Russian: День оружейника), the professional holiday for the commission and the forces under its jurisdiction. It was celebrated for the first time in 2010, following a visit in May of that year to the hometown of Mikhail Kalashnikov by Vladimir Putin. 19 September was chosen for this holiday, because the Russian Orthodox Church honors the memory of Saint Michael the Taxiarch on this day.

## Journal "Defence of Russia"

The magazine Oborona Rossii or Defence of Russia is the official printed organ of the Military-Industrial Commission and has been published since October 2008. The publication covers the activities of the commission and publishes materials related to the issues and activities of the military-industrial complex of Russia.
# Shad Bagh

Shad Bagh (Punjabi, Urdu: شاد باغ) is a union council and neighbourhood in Shalamar Tehsil of Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Shad Bagh is a predominantly mixed residential and commercial area.

## Localities

* Goal Bagh
* Afzal Park,
* Fazal Park
* Government Girls high School Shad Bagh
* Government college for Woman Shad Bagh
* Government High School Amir Road
* Sajjad Colony, Amir Road
* Feroze Bagh
* Scheme No.2
* Toka wala Chowk
* Fawara Chowk
* Nawaz Sharif Bagh
* Gol Bagh
* Tajpura Bagh
* Akram Park
* China Scheme Bagh
* Chiragh Bagh
* Chaudhry Bagh
* Naya Shadbagh
* Tajpura Ground
* Nabi Bakhsh Bagh
* Taj Bagh
* Chohdary Park
* Allama Usman Arshad Park

## Constituencies

* National Assembly: NA-124
* Provincial Assembly: PP-147 Lahore–IV
# Fabian Lokaj

Fabian Lokaj (born 23 August 1996) is a professional footballer who plays as a forward for FC Muri-Gümligen. Born in Switzerland, he has represented Albania internationally at youth level.

## Club career

Ahead of the 2019–20 season, Lokaj returned to FC Köniz.

## International career

Lokaj received his first Albania under-17 call-up by manager Džemal Mustedanagić for a friendly tournament developed in August 2012 in Romania.
# Göldere, Bayburt

Göldere is a village in the Bayburt District, Bayburt Province, Turkey. Its population is 46 (2021).
# Brachygalba

Brachygalba is a genus of bird in the family Galbulidae.

## Species

It contains the following species:
Genus Brachygalba – Bonaparte, 1854 – four species :
| Common name | Scientific name and subspecies | Range | Size and ecology | IUCN status and estimated population |
| White-throated jacamar | Brachygalba albogularis (Spix, 1824) | Bolivia, Brazil and Peru | Size: Habitat: Diet: | LC |
| Pale-headed jacamar | Brachygalba goeringi (Sclater, PL & Salvin, 1869) | Colombia and Venezuela | Size: Habitat: Diet: | LC |
| Brown jacamar | Brachygalba lugubris (Swainson, 1838) Seven subspecies B. l. fulviventris Sclater (1891) B. l. caquetae Chapman (1917) B. l. lugubris Swainson (1838) B. l. obscuriceps Zimmer & Phelps (1947) B. l. naumburgae Chapman (1931) B. l. phaeonota Todd (1943) B. l. melanosterna Sclater (1855) | Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Suriname, and Venezuela | Size: Habitat: Diet: | LC |
| Dusky-backed jacamar | Brachygalba salmoni Sclater, PL & Salvin, 1879 | Colombia and Panama | Size: Habitat: Diet: | LC |
# Guðmundur Mete

Guðmundur Viðar Mete (born 2 April 1981) is an Icelandic former footballer who played as a defender.
Guðmundur started his career in the Swedish leagues with Malmö FF, playing 34 league matches between 2000 and 2002. During this time, he also had a short loan spell in Denmark with FC Midtjylland in 2001. After leaving Malmö, Guðmundur spent two seasons with Superettan club IFK Norrköping, before returning to his home country with Keflavík in 2005. He played 54 league and cup matches in four years with the club, and later had spells with Valur and Haukar before joining Afturelding ahead of the 2013 season.
Upon his arrival at Afturelding, Guðmundur was also installed as manager of the club's feeder team Hvíti Riddarinn.
# António Luís de Meneses, 1st Marquis of Marialva

António Luís de Meneses, 1st Marquis of Marialva and 3rd Count of Cantanhede (13 December 1596 – 16 August 1675) was a member of the Forty Conspirators and a Portuguese general who fought in the Portuguese Restoration War, that ended the Iberian Union between Portugal and Spain.

## Biography

Meneses was born in a noble family - his father was Dom Pedro de Menezes, 2nd count of Cantanhede, and his mother Dona Constança de Gusmão (daughter of Rui Gonçalves da Câmara, 1st count of Vila Franca).
Meneses was one of the Forty Conspirators involved in the revolution against the Spanish Habsburgs on 1 December 1640. He took active part in the storming of the residence and the capture of the Duchess of Mantua, who governed Portugal in the name of Philip IV of Spain (Philip III of Portugal). In 1641 he was assigned as general-commander (mestre-de-campo) of the Portuguese forces loyal to John IV of Portugal, and he organized the defences against Spanish attacks. He participated in almost every battle of the Portuguese Restoration War between 1641 and 1665. His greatest victories were the Battle of the Lines of Elvas in 1659 and the Battle of Montes Claros in 1665. After the success in the first battle the Count of Cantanhede received among several honors, the title of Marquis of Marialva on 11 June 1661. He was present at the signing of the Treaty of Lisbon on 13 February 1668.
After his victory at Montes Claros, he also worked to establish the Convent of São Pedro de Alcântara.
# Marichi Temple

Marichi Temple (Odia: ମାରିଚୀ ମନ୍ଦିର) is a Hindu and Buddhist temple located in Ajodhya, Baleswar, Odisha, India.

## Location

This temple is situated 9 km north of Sajanagada. It is on the right side of the road leading from Nilagiri to Mayurbhanj in Baleswar district, Odisha.

## Construction

The temple is a newly built pidha vimana style building like other temples of Odisha. The temple houses many tantric, Jain and Buddhist images dating back to the late 11th century. It is thought that the Somavamsi Keshari dynasty commissioned the statues. There are many old icons such as the Hindu goddess four-handed Varahi, the Buddha in bhumisparsa or earth touching mudra, a Jain tirthankara or spiritual teacher and the bodhisattva Avalokitesvara.
The central icon is worshiped as the Hindu goddess Durga and next to the image is the Mahayana goddess Marici. The Marici image is flanked by two goddesses. The Garbhagriha or inner sanctum houses three icons from the late 11th century. Durga Puja is a famous festival in this temple.

## Gallery

* Marichi Thakurani
* Buddhist stupa
* Buddha in Bhoomusparshamudra
* Varahi idol
* Ancient idols
# Marine Way Bridge

The Marine Way Bridge is cable-stayed in Southport, England.
The bridge was designed by Babtie (now part of Jacobs) with architect Nicol Russell Studios and was built by Balfour Beatty to replace a cast iron bridge that closed in 1990. With a main span of 80 metres (262 ft) and a total length of 150 metres (492 ft), it opened for traffic on 17 May 2004.
It was officially opened by Prince Edward, Earl of Wessex and Sophie, Countess of Wessex on 19 July 2004.
# Marshala Koneva Street

55°47′49.5″N 37°29′20.5″E﻿ / ﻿55.797083°N 37.489028°E﻿ / 55.797083; 37.489028
Marshala Koneva Street (Russian: у́лица Ма́ршала Ко́нева) is a street in Shchukino District of North-Western Administrative Okrug of the federal city of Moscow, Russia. Raspletina Street is located to the east of it and 1-y Volokolamsky Driveway is to the west.

## History
### Naming

In May 28, 1973, 2-y Volokolamsky Driveway and the 3-y Oktyabrskogo Polya Street were merged to create Marshala Koneva Street, named after Ivan Konev, the Marshal of the Soviet Union.
# Christ Church Deer Park

Christ Church Deer Park is a parish of the Anglican Church of Canada in the Diocese of Toronto. The parish church is located at 1570 Yonge Street, in the Deer Park area of Toronto, Ontario. Christ Church Deer Park is part of the Churches on the Hill, an ecumenical grouping of local congregations.

## History

Originally a mission of the parish of St. John's, York Mills, it was one of the earliest Anglican churches in North Toronto. While the mission congregation began meeting in Leaside in the 1860s, it later moved to the area of Deer Park. Today, the parish is known largely for its tradition of choral music.
In 1911, the parish of Grace Church on-the-Hill was carved out of the Christ Church parish boundaries. In 1970, the church was the site of the ordination to the priesthood of Andrew Hutchison, who would later serve as Primate of the Anglican Church of Canada.
On January 1, 2018, the Rev. Canon Cheryl Palmer became the Rector of Christ Church Deer Park. The previous Rector was the Rev. Canon Kevin Robertson, who was consecrated Area Bishop of York-Scarborough in January 2017.

## Gallery

* View of Deer Park (Lawton Park & Christ Church) looking north, from 1878 Atlas.
* Deer Park's old Christ Church (Anglican) in Yonge St. Gore at Lawton Blvd, Toronto.
* The parish church in 2008
# The Tradition Masters

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
The Tradition Masters is an album by American folk singer Odetta, released in 2002.
The title refers to the label for whom Odetta recorded her first two solo releases. The songs she recorded during that time period have received multiple releases in various configurations. This two-disc compilation re-issues both Odetta Sings Ballads and Blues and At the Gate of Horn.
The early Everest LP compilation (1963) of the Tradition recordings, Odetta, used tracks from both albums as well as The Tin Angel. Another compilation, Absolutely the Best, focuses on the same master tapes, but does not include both complete albums. The Best of Odetta: Ballads and Blues uses tracks from the same two albums, including 18 tracks compared to this set's thirty-one.
The songwriting credits for these traditional folk songs vary widely from one compilation to another.

## Track listing

All songs Traditional unless otherwise noted.
* "Santy Anno" (Alan Lomax, John Lomax, Traditional) – 1:53
* "If I Had a Ribbon Bow" (Prince, Singer) – 2:40
* "Muleskinner Blues" (Jimmie Rodgers) – 2:49
* "Another Man Done Gone" – 2:09
* "Shame and Scandal" – 2:21
* "Jack o' Diamonds" (Alan Lomax, John Lomax, Traditional) – 3:13
* "'Buked and Scorned" – 2:38
* "Easy Rider (Lomax, Lomax, Traditional) – 5:04
* "Joshua" – 1:51
* "Hound Dog" – 3:48
* "Glory, Glory" – 2:10
* "Alabama Bound" (Lomax, Lomax, Traditional) – 1:40
* "Been in the Pen" – 2:30
* "Deep Blue Sea" – 2:59
* "God's Gonna Cut You Down" – 1:49
* "Spiritual Trilogy Medley: Oh Freedom/Come and Go With Me/I'm on My Way" – 6:04
* "Gallows Tree (Gallows Pole)" – 2:50
* "Lowlands" – 2:34
* "The Fox" – 1:47
* "Maybe She Go" – 1:45
* "Midnight Special" – 2:34
* "Deep River" – 2:58
* "Chilly Winds" – 2:41
* "Greensleeves" – 2:48
* "Devilish Mary" – 1:50
* "Take This Hammer" – 3:25
* "He's Got the Whole World in His Hands" – 1:51
* "Sail Away Ladies" – 2:20
* "Lass of the Low Country" – 4:31
* "Timber" – 3:09
* "Pretty Horses" – 2:59

## Personnel

* Odetta – vocals, guitar
* Bill Lee – bass

## Production notes

* Remastering by Marco Marinangeli