# Twenty-second Dynasty of Egypt

Periods and dynasties of ancient Egypt :
All years are BC :
Early Pre-dynastic period First Dynasty I c. 3150–2890 Second Dynasty II 2890–2686 :
Old Kingdom Third Dynasty III 2686–2613 Fourth Dynasty IV 2613–2498 Fifth Dynasty V 2498–2345 Sixth Dynasty VI 2345–2181 :
First Intermediate Seventh Dynasty VII spurious Eighth Dynasty VIII 2181–2160 Ninth Dynasty IX 2160–2130 Tenth Dynasty X 2130–2040 Early Eleventh Dynasty XI 2134–2061 :
Middle Kingdom Late Eleventh Dynasty XI 2061–1991 Twelfth Dynasty XII 1991–1803 Thirteenth Dynasty XIII 1803–1649 :
Second Intermediate Fourteenth Dynasty XIV 1705–1690 Fifteenth Dynasty (Hyksos) XV 1674–1535 Sixteenth Dynasty XVI 1660–1600 Abydos Dynasty 1650–1600 Seventeenth Dynasty XVII 1580–1549 :
New Kingdom Eighteenth Dynasty XVIII 1549–1292 Nineteenth Dynasty XIX 1292–1189 Twentieth Dynasty XX 1189–1077 :
Third Intermediate Twenty-first Dynasty XXI 1069–945 Twenty-second Dynasty XXII 945–720 Twenty-third Dynasty XXIII 837–728 Twenty-fourth Dynasty XXIV 732–720 Twenty-fifth Dynasty (Nubian) XXV 732–653 :
Late Period Twenty-sixth Dynasty XXVI 672–525 Twenty-seventh Dynasty (1st Persian Period) XXVII 525–404 Twenty-eighth Dynasty XXVIII 404–398 Twenty-ninth Dynasty XXIX 398–380 Thirtieth Dynasty XXX 380–343 Thirty-first Dynasty (2nd Persian Period) XXXI 343–332 :
Hellenistic Egypt Thirty-second Dynasty XXXII 332–305 Thirty-third Dynasty XXXIII 305–30 :
Roman Egypt Thirty-fourth Dynasty (Roman Pharaohs) XXXIV 30 BC – 313 AD :
Byzantine Egypt Thirty-fifth Dynasty (speculated) XXXV 379 AD – 641 AD :
See also: List of pharaohs by period and dynasty Periodization of ancient Egypt :
vte :
The Twenty-second Dynasty was an Ancient Egyptian dynasty of ancient Libyan origin founded by Shoshenq I. It is also known as the Bubastite Dynasty, since the pharaohs originally ruled from the city of Bubastis.
The Twenty-first, Twenty-second, Twenty-third, Twenty-fourth, and Twenty-fifth dynasties of ancient Egypt are often combined under the group designation of the Third Intermediate Period.

## Rulers

The pharaohs of the Twenty-second Dynasty were a series of Meshwesh (ancient Libyan tribe) chieftains, who ruled from c. 943 BC until 716 BC. They had settled in Egypt since the Twentieth Dynasty and were known in Egypt as the 'Great Chiefs of the Ma' (Ma being a synonym of Meshwesh). Manetho states that this Egyptianized ancient Libyan dynasty first ruled over Bubastis, but its rulers almost certainly governed from Tanis, which was their capital and the city where their tombs have been excavated.
Another pharaoh who belongs to this group is Tutkheperre Shoshenq. His period of rule within this dynasty is currently uncertain, although he is now thought to have governed Egypt early in the 9th century BC for a short time between Osorkon I and Takelot I. The next ruler at Tanis after Shoshenq V was Osorkon IV. This pharaoh is sometimes not believed to be a member of the 22nd Dynasty since he only controlled a small portion of Lower Egypt together with Tefnakhte of Sais, whose authority was recognised at Memphis—and Iuput II of Leontopolis.

### Pharaohs

The known rulers during the Twenty-second Dynasty include:
Dynasty XXII Kings of Egypt :
| Pharaoh | Prenomen (Throne name) | Horus-name | Reign | Consort(s) | Comments |
| Shoshenq I | Hedjkheperre-Setepenre | Kanakhtmeryre Sekhaefemnesuersematawy | 943–922 BC | Patareshnes Karomama A | Possibly to be identified with the biblical Shishak |
| Osorkon I | Sekhemkheperre-Setepenre | Kanakhtmeryre Redjensuitemuhernesetefergeregtawy | 922–887 BC | Maatkare B Tashedkhonsu Shepensopdet A | |
| Shoshenq II | Heqakheperre-Setepenre | (unknown) | 887–885 BC | Nesitanebetashru Nesitaudjatakhet | Enjoyed an independent reign of two years at Tanis according to Von Beckerath |
| Takelot I | Hedjkheperre-Setepenre | (unknown) | 885–872 BC | Kapes | |
| Osorkon II | Usermaatre-Setepenamun | Kanakhtmerymaat | 872–837 BC | Isetemkheb G Karomama B Djedmutesankh | Possibly one of the twelve kings who formed an alliance to fight Shalmaneser III of Assyria at the battle of Qarqar in 853 BC. |
| Shoshenq III | Usermaatre-Setepenre | Kanakhtmesutre | 837–798 BC | Tadibast II Tentamenopet Djedbastiusankh | |
| Shoshenq IV | Hedjkheperre-Setepenre | (unknown) | 798–785 BC | | Not to be confused with Shoshenq VI; the original Shoshenq IV in publications before 1993 |
| Pami | Usermaatre-Setepenamun | (unknown) | 785–778 BC | | Buried two Apis bulls in his reign |
| Shoshenq V | Akheperre | Userpehty | 767–730 BC | Tadibast III? | Successor of Shoshenq V was often stated as Osorkon IV;some say it is Pedubast II |
| Pedubast II | Sehetepibenre | (unknown) | 743–733 BC | Tadibast III? | Not mentioned in all Pharaoh lists, placement disputed |
| Osorkon IV | Usermaatre | (unknown) | 730–716 BC | | Not always listed as a true member of the XXII Dynasty, but succeeded Shoshenq V at Tanis. Perhaps the biblical Pharaoh So (2 Kings 17:4). |

#### Celebration and folklore

The rise to power of the Twenty-second dynasty and its founder Sheshqonq, a Libyan Amazigh king of the Meshwesh tribe, is remembered as year 0 of the Berber calendar celebrated by the Berber New Year each year: the Yennayer. The character is known as Ouchachnaq, hero of a Kabyle tale, "Sheshqonq and Mira", but is also mentioned in an ancient Berber nursery rhyme from the region under the name of Ouchnaq.
Twenty-third Dynasty
The so-called Twenty-third Dynasty was an offshoot of this dynasty perhaps based in Upper Egypt, though there is much debate concerning this issue. All of its kings reigned in Middle and Upper Egypt including the Western Desert Oases.