OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Rydberg state

The Rydberg states of an atom or molecule are electronically excited states with energies that follow the Rydberg formula as they converge on an ionic state with an ionization energy. Although the Rydberg formula was developed to describe atomic energy levels, it has been used to describe many other systems that have electronic structure roughly similar to atomic hydrogen. In general, at sufficiently high principal quantum numbers, an excited electron-ionic core system will have the general character of a hydrogenic system and the energy levels will follow the Rydberg formula. Rydberg states have energies converging on the energy of the ion. The ionization energy threshold is the energy required to completely liberate an electron from the ionic core of an atom or molecule. In practice, a Rydberg wave packet is created by a laser pulse on a hydrogenic atom and thus populates a superposition of Rydberg states. Modern investigations using pump-probe experiments show molecular pathways – e.g. dissociation of (NO)$_2$ – via these special states.

## Rydberg series

Rydberg series describe the energy levels associated with partially removing an electron from the ionic core. Each Rydberg series converges on an ionization energy threshold associated with a particular ionic core configuration. These quantized Rydberg energy levels can be associated with the quasiclassical Bohr atomic picture. The closer you get to the ionization threshold energy, the higher the principal quantum number, and the smaller the energy difference between "near threshold Rydberg states." As the electron is promoted to higher energy levels, the spatial excursion of the electron from the ionic core increases and the system is more like the Bohr quasiclassical picture.

## Energy of Rydberg states

The energy of Rydberg states can be refined by including a correction called the quantum defect in the Rydberg formula. The "quantum defect" correction is associated with the presence of a distributed ionic core. Even for many electronically excited molecular systems, the ionic core interaction with an excited electron can take on the general aspects of the interaction between the proton and the electron in the hydrogen atom. The spectroscopic assignment of these states follows the Rydberg formula and they are called Rydberg states of molecules.

## Molecular Rydberg states

Although the energy formula of Rydberg series is a result of hydrogen-like atom structure, Rydberg states are also present in molecules. Wave functions of high Rydberg states are very diffuse and span diameters that approach infinity. As a result, any isolated neutral molecule behaves like a hydrogen-like atom at the Rydberg limit. For molecules with multiple stable monovalent cations, multiple Rydberg series may exist. Because of the complexity of molecular spectra, low-lying Rydberg states of molecules are often mixed with valence states with similar energy and are thus not pure Rydberg states.
# Chachi Arcola

Charles "Chachi" Arcola is a character played by Scott Baio on the sitcom Happy Days and its spin-off Joanie Loves Chachi.
The character of Chachi is the younger cousin of Fonzie, first appearing on Happy Days in season 5, beginning in 1977. His main love interest is Joanie Cunningham, with their relationship becoming a common theme for episodes in later seasons. Chachi shares a close relationship with his older cousin Fonzie. Many times, Fonzie stepped in and was able to be the older brother figure that Chachi needed. Chachi is also very close to his mother and his stepfather Al.
Together, Chachi and Joanie became aspiring musicians, and the spinoff series Joanie Loves Chachi was developed when Chachi's mother Louisa and new stepfather Al Delvecchio (the second owner of Arnold's) opened a new restaurant where Joanie and Chachi performed most of their music.
Joanie and Chachi, along with some of his cousins and a character named Bingo, form a band, which was never named in the series.
Joanie and Chachi returned to Happy Days when Joanie Loves Chachi was cancelled, and after them being broken up for a while in the final Happy Days episode, Joanie and Chachi marry.

## Development and reception

After his initial appearance, the character of Chachi was expanded to a recurring character due to positive reception by fans, with Baio receiving up to 5,000 fan letters a week. The name was given by Ron Howard's long-term friend, Andrew Smith. When the writers began developing the character of Chachi as a musician, Baio was against the idea because he "didn't sing," but changed his mind based on the possibility of the fame associated with becoming a pop singer. His early catchphrase "Wah, wah, wah!" became popular with teenage girls. However, an attempt to spark a fashion trend by having Chachi frequently costumed with a bandana tied around his pant leg did not catch on.
The character was named after a street where the show's creator Garry Marshall had lived. There have been false rumors that circulated claiming that the broadcast of Joanie loves Chachi had high viewership numbers in Japan and Korea because the name "Chachi" sounds like slang term for "penis" in those countries.
Later in 2005, Baio joined the cast of Arrested Development which also featured two stars of Happy Days, Ron Howard (executive producer and narrator) and Henry Winkler (as the incompetent lawyer Barry Zuckerkorn). In Season Three, Episode Three, Baio's character, the potentially new lawyer Bob Loblaw, states "look, this is not the first time I’ve been brought in to replace Barry Zuckerkorn. I think I can do for you everything he did. Plus, I skew younger. With juries and so forth." Vulture further argues that this statement is "a nod to Happy Days, where [Baio] was brought on as Chachi, to be a new teen idol as Henry Winkler got older."
# The Macon News

The Macon News was a newspaper in Georgia, United States that operated from 1884 to 1983.

## History

The Macon News was founded in 1884 and operated until September 2, 1983. The paper was printed Monday to Saturday under the initial ownership of brothers Jerome B. Pound and Eugene Pound. Subscription to the newspaper was US$5, half that of the rival paper The Macon Telegraph. The Macon News was printed and distributed in the evening.
The paper increased its page size in 1885 and operated from offices on Cherry Street, Macon.
In 1930, The Macon Telegraph owners brothers William T. and Peyton T. Anderson bought The Macon News for $200,000. They combined some staff roles, but kept both papers operating.
The paper's 1983 closure was a result of declining readership. Barbara Stinson was the managing editor at the time of the paper's closure; Ed Olson was the publisher and Billy Watson was the General Manager. The executive editor was Richard Thomas. After its closure, the paper merged with The Macon Telegraph.
The newspaper's OCLC number was 19872344.
# The Discomfort of Evening

The Discomfort of Evening (Dutch: De avond is ongemak) is the debut novel by Dutch writer Marieke Lucas Rijneveld, published in 2018. On 26 August 2020, Rijneveld became the first Dutch writer to win the £50,000 International Booker Prize, shared jointly with the novel's English translator Michele Hutchison.

## Summary

The Discomfort of Evening concerns the life of ten-year old Jas, a Dutch girl who lives with her Reformed family on a dairy farm in the Netherlands. Jas is grieving the death of her brother Matthies, who died in an ice skating accident. His death drives further instability in the family and deteriorates Jas' mental health.
According to Rijneveld, the book's themes are thematically influenced by the work of Jan Wolkers.

## Background

The novel became a bestseller upon its release in the Netherlands. It has been the subject of controversy due to its graphic depictions of animal abuse and adolescent sexuality. It was first published on 31 January 2018 by Atlas Contact in the Netherlands. It was translated into English by Michele Hutchison and first published on 5 March 2020 as The Discomfort of Evening by Faber and Faber in the United Kingdom (ISBN 978-0-571-34936-4). Hutchison's translation was later published in the United States by Graywolf Press on 18 August 2020 (ISBN 978-1-64445-034-5).

## Reception

According to book review aggregator website Book Marks, The Discomfort of Evening received mostly favourable reviews. From the 22 reviews collected, 11 were classified as "rave", 4 as "positive", 6 as "mixed" and 1 as "pan".
In its starred review, Kirkus Reviews wrote, "Rijneveld's extraordinary narrator describes a small world of pain which is hard to look at and harder to ignore." Publishers Weekly wrote, "Like a scene in a Bosch painting, the macabre material is loaded with sexual transgressions, pedophilia, animal torture, and abuse. The onslaught can be numbing, but the translation's soaring lyricism offers mercy for the reader."
# Samuel Kauders

Samuel Judah Löb ben David Kauders (Yiddish: שמואל יהודה ליב בן דוד קוידער, romanized: Shemuʼel Yehuda Leyb ben Daṿid Ḳoyder; 1766 – 6 May 1838) was a Bohemian rabbi.

## Biography

Kauders was born in Bechyne, Bohemia, in 1766, the son of David Kauders. At the age of 10, he went to study under Michael Bacharach in Prague, and at the age of 13, became a student of Elazar Fleckeles and a friend of Bezalel Ronsburg. After completing his studies, he devoted his time to Talmudics without holding a rabbinical position.
In 1817, he was called to Kaladei [cs] as district rabbi of Tabor and Budweis. Between 1824 and 1827, he was also responsible for the Prachin district. In 1834, Kauders succeeded Samuel Landau [he] as Oberjurist (acting chief rabbi) of Prague, a position which he held until his death.
While a Talmudist of the old school and rigorously Orthodox, he was tolerant in his views and favored secular education.

## Publications

* Olat Shmuel. Prague. 1823. Responsa on Shulḥan Arukh, Oraḥ Ḥayyim, of which the first part only, containing 112 responsa, was published.
* Pe'ullat Emet. Prague. 1828–1829. Halakhic essays in two parts.
* Ahavat Emet. Prague. 1829. Homilies and essays.
# Higashi-takasu Station

Higashi-takasu is a Hiroden station on Hiroden Miyajima Line, located in Takasu, Nishi-ku, Hiroshima.

## Routes

From Higashi-takasu Station, there is one of Hiroden Streetcar routes.
* Hiroshima Station - Hiroden-miyajima-guchi Route

## Connections
### █ Miyajima Line

       Hiroden-nishi-hiroshima — Higashi-takasu — Takasu

## Around station

* Nishi-Hiroshima Bypass

## History

* Opened on December 1, 1964.
# 1975 in Northern Ireland

"none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive
Events during the year 1975 in Northern Ireland.

## Incumbents

* Secretary of State - Merlyn Rees

## Events

* 31 July – Miami Showband killings: Three members of The Miami Showband, together with two paramilitaries, are killed in an Ulster Volunteer Force ambush in County Down as they return home to Dublin from playing at a dance in Banbridge.

## Arts and literature

* 14 May – Patrick Galvin's We Do It For Love, a satire on The Troubles, opens at the Lyric Theatre (Belfast).
* October – Stewart Parker's Spokesong opens at the Lyric (Belfast); his play I’m a Dreamer, Montreal is also written this year.
* The punk rock/new wave band which will become The Undertones is formed in Derry.
* William Peskett's poems The Nightowl's Dissection are published.

## Sport
### Football

* Irish League
       Winners: Linfield
    Ballinamallard United F.C. established
* Irish Cup
       Winners: Coleraine 1 – 1, 0 – 0, 1 – 0 Linfield

## Births

* 18 February – Keith Gillespie, international soccer player.
* 9 June – Brian Magee, boxer.
* 21 July - Cara Dillon, folk singer
* 24 July – Gordon Cooke, cricketer.
* 27 August – Kyle McCallan, cricketer.
* 4 September – Andrew Patterson, cricketer.
* 13 October – Oisín McConville, Armagh Gaelic footballer.
* 4 November – Warren Christie, actor.

### Full date unknown

* Nick Laird, novelist and poet.

## Deaths

* 23 February – Ernest Blythe, writer, journalist and theatre manager, member of 1st Dáil and Cabinet Minister (born 1889).
* 28 April – Billy McMillen, Official Irish Republican Army officer, killed in feud with Irish National Liberation Army (born 1927).
* 25 October – Padraig Marrinan, artist (born 1906).
* 25 November – Moyna Macgill, stage and film actress, mother of Angela Lansbury (born 1895).
# Kaala (2017 film)

Kaala (Sinhala: කාල) is a 2017 Sri Lankan Sinhala epic fantasy film directed by Sujeewa Gunarathne and co-produced by director himself with Nadini Bamunusinghe for Live Works Creations. It stars Mahendra Perera and Madani Malwaththa in lead roles along with W. Jayasiri and Nita Fernando. Music composed by Darshana Ruwan Dssanayaka. It is the 1289th Sri Lankan film in the Sinhala cinema.

## Plot

The film revolves around the time of King Dhatusena and the way he constructed Kala Wewa. It depicts the chronicles related to the tank and formation of new deity Kadawara.

## Cast

* Mahendra Perera as Heen Kurutta Nilame
* Madani Malwaththa as Menika
* W. Jayasiri as Wattaka Nilame
* Achintha Kalana as Kaala
* Soorya Dayaruwan as Prince Kashyapa
* Nita Fernando as Henchman's mother
* Jagath Manuwarna as Wattaka's henchman
* Vishwanath Kodikara as Uththiya
* Chamari Nisansala
* Dayadeva Edirisinghe as King Dhatusena
* Janak Premalal as Heen Kurutta's brother
* Dharmapriya Dias as Wattaka's henchman
* Welegedara Ranasinghe
# David 't Kindt

David 't Kindt (12 January 1699 – 15 July 1770) was a Flemish architect who practised in Ghent and worked in the Rococo style. He is recognised as "the central figure of Ghent Rococo".

## Biography

He was born in 1699 in Ghent (then in the Austrian Netherlands), where he joined the Carpenters' Guild in 1726, and continued to practise, being appointed municipal director of works for the city in 1755. At the end of his life, he served as the first director of the Académie Royale de Peinture, Dessin, Sculpture et Architecture.
His son Louis 't Kindt (1734 – c.1800) was also an architect. David 't Kindt died on 15 July 1770 in Ghent.

## Buildings

His work is mainly in the Rococo style, which he and Bernard de Wilde pioneered in Ghent. An example is the theatre on Vrijdagmarkt of 1744, which features a curved front; Marie Fredericq-Lilar describes its style in t' Kindt's Grove Art Online entry: "sinuous line prevails; every curve is answered by a counter-curve", with "bold" and "soft" elements in balance.
His works include (in Ghent unless otherwise noted):
* Hoofwacht or city guardhouse, Kouter (executing a design by de Wilde; 1738); this is recognised by Fredericq-Lilar as the earliest example of Ghent Rococo
* Mammelokker (1741), a small prison built on to the existing Gothic Cloth Hall
* Theatre on Vrijdagmarkt (1744)
* Hotel Oombergen (1746), originally built as a family house, now seat of the Royal Academy of Dutch Language and Literature (Koninklijke Academie voor Nederlandse Taal en Letterkunde)
* Hôtel Damman (1745)
* Hôtel van Goethem (1745)
* Hôtel Snoeck (1749)
* Hôtel Falligan (1755)
* Town Hall, Lokeren
* Hotel de Coninck
# Runningwater Formation

The Runningwater Formation is a geologic formation in Nebraska. It preserves fossils dating back to the Hemingfordian of the Early Miocene of the Neogene period. The sandstones and conglomerates of the formation were deposited in a fluvial environment. The formation has provided many fossil mammals.

## Fossil content

Among the following fossils have been found in the formation:

### Mammals

* Aletomeryx gracilis
* Arretotherium fricki
* Barbouromeryx trigonocorneus
* Cynarctoides acridens
* Cynelos stenos
* Diceratherium niobrarense
* Daphoenodon (Borocyon) robustum
* Desmocyon thomsoni
* Hypertragulus minor
* Menoceras barbouri
* Merychyus arenarum, M. elegans
* Metatomarctus canavus
* Osbornodon iamonensis
* Pseudoblastomeryx advena
* Anchitheriomys stouti
* Desmatippus tyleri
* Edaphocyon lautus
* Amphicyon galushai
* Craterogale cf. simus
* Leptarctus cf. ancipidens
* Leptocyon vulpinus
* Tephrocyon scitulus
* Merycochoerus proprius

### Reptiles

* Macrochelys schmidti
* Rhineura marslandensis
* Sceloporus sp.
# Lotus 31

The Lotus 31 was a racing car produced by Lotus for the new 1-litre Formula 3 introduced in 1964, replacing the expensive Formula Junior. The chassis was a multi-tubular spaceframe, of similar design to the 1962 Lotus 22 Formula Junior. A 997 cc (60.8 cu in) Ford Cosworth 105E with Single Choke Weber or SU carburettors produced 97 bhp (72 kW) at 8000rpm. The 31 had little success against the more advanced monocoque cars that dominated in 1964. Records show only 12 were built in 1964/5.
In 1966 19 cars were built with the Chassis 22/F3. The relative simplicity and low price of the car made it an ideal training car. Motor Racing Stables at Brands Hatch ran four cars to graduate students from Lotus Cortinas. The Jim Russell Racing Driver School ran the cars at Snetterton, later being recognised, as a club, by the RAC. The Jim Russell School ran five 31s at Brands Hatch BARC Trophy Races in July 1967.
# Garbageheads on Endless Stun

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
Garbageheads on Endless Stun is an album by East River Pipe, released in 2003.

## Track listing

* "Where Does All the Money Go?" – 3:06
* "Monumental Freaks" – 2:59
* "I Won't Dream About the Girl" – 4:30
* "I Bought a Gun in Irvington" – 5:04
* "Girls on the Freeway" – 2:41
* "The Long Black Cloud" – 3:45
* "Arrival Pad #19" – 3:47
* "Streetwalkin' Jean" – 4:56
* "Stare the Graveyard Down" – 5:04
* "Millionaires of Doubt" – 4:36
* "It's Always Been This Way" – 4:14
# Tallegalla, Queensland

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Tallegalla is a rural locality in the City of Ipswich, Queensland, Australia. In the 2021 census, Tallegalla had a population of 351 people.

## Geography

Most of Tallegalla lies within the Lockyer Creek catchment area, but small portion exist in both the Brisbane River and Bremer River catchments. In the west of Tallegalla, the terrain is elevated by the Little Liverpool Range.
Rosewood–Marburg Road runs through from southeast to northeast.

## History

The origin of the suburb name is from the Latin word Talegalla which was the genus name for the Brush-turkey. John Dart, the first to settle in the area, choose the name when he applied to open a postal receiving office at his farm.
Tallegalla State School opened on 10 June 1879. It closed on 18 December 1992. It was at 2-6 Tallegalla Two Tree Hill Road (corner of Tallegalla Road, 27°35′40″S 152°33′53″E﻿ / ﻿27.59436°S 152.56469°E﻿ / -27.59436; 152.56469﻿ (Tallegalla State School (former))).
On Monday 17 May 1880, a Wesleyan Chapel was opened.
The Marburg railway line, which operated from 1911 to 1964, had a number of stations in the locality (from north to south):
* Birru railway station (27°35′41″S 152°34′52″E﻿ / ﻿27.5946°S 152.5810°E﻿ / -27.5946; 152.5810﻿ (Birru railway station (former)))
* Talegalla railway station (27°36′00″S 152°34′19″E﻿ / ﻿27.6001°S 152.5719°E﻿ / -27.6001; 152.5719﻿ (Talegalla railway station (former)))
* Cabanda railway station (27°36′42″S 152°34′44″E﻿ / ﻿27.6117°S 152.5790°E﻿ / -27.6117; 152.5790﻿ (Cabanda railway station (former)))

## Demographics

In the 2011 census, Tallegalla had a population of 549 people.
In the 2016 census, Tallegalla had a population of 326 people.
In the 2021 census, Tallegalla had a population of 351 people.

## Heritage listings

Tallegalla has a number of heritage-listed sites including:
* the former Tallegalla State School, 2-6 Tallegalla Two Tree Hill Road (corner of Tallegalla Road
* Tallegalla Cemetery: Memorial and monumental area

## Education

There are no schools in Tallegalla. The nearest government primary schools are Minden State School in neighbouring Minden to the north, Marburg State School in neighbouring Marburg to the north-east, and Ashwell State School in neighbouring Ashwell to the south. The nearest government secondary school is Rosewood State High School in neighbouring Rosewood to the south-east.
# Isabella of Aragon, Queen of Germany

Isabella of Aragon (1305 – 12 July 1330) was the daughter of James II of Aragon and his second wife Blanche of Anjou. The queen consort of Frederick I of Austria, she was a member of the House of Barcelona.

## Life

Isabella was originally betrothed to Oshin, King of Armenia, son of Leo II, King of Armenia and his wife Queen Keran. Her father planned her betrothal to Oshin of Armenia in exchange for religious relics of St Thecla, located at Sis in Armenia, which he was anxious to acquire for the cathedral of Tarragona. Negotiations for the marriage broke down in the face of Armenian opposition to increased close ties with the Catholic western powers.
On 11 May 1315, Isabella married Frederick I of Austria, King of Germany in Ravensburg. From then onwards, Isabella was known as Elisabeth in Germany and Austria. Her husband had been elected as one of two rival Kings of Germany in October, 1314. His rival was Louis IV of Bavaria. With her marriage, Isabel became one of two Queens of Germany with Beatrix von Silesia-Glogau, wife of Louis IV. On 5 September 1325, Frederick I and Louis IV resolved their conflict by agreeing to serve as co-rulers. However Frederick soon became the junior co-ruler and retired to Austria until his death on 13 January 1330.
It is said that Isabella was blind in the last six years of her life. She was buried in Vienna.

## Marriage and issue

Isabel and Frederick had at least three children:
* Frederick of Austria (1316–1322).
* Elisabeth of Austria (1317 – 23 October 1336).
* Anna of Austria (1318 – 14 December 1343). Married first Henry XV, Duke of Bavaria and secondly John Henry, Count of Gorizia.
# Graceland (2012 film)

Graceland is a 2012 Filipino drama film directed and written by Roy Morales. The film premiered at the 2012 Tribeca Film Festival, and was released on April 26, 2013, in the Philippines. It was also screened in the US, earning $20,791 after a month of its release.

## Plot

Marlon Villar (Arnold Reyes), a driver for a politician, whose daughter (Ella Guevara) is accidentally kidnapped, does everything he can to save her, while being enmeshed in a web of crime and corruption.

## Cast

* Arnold Reyes as Marlon Villar
* Menggie Cobarrubias as Mr. Manuel Changho
* Dido de la Paz as Detective Ramos
* Leon Miguel as Visel
* Ella Guevara as Elvie Villar
* Marife Necesito as Mrs. Marcy Chango
* Angie Ferro as ChiChi's Grandmother