OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Victoria Park, Edinburgh

Victoria Park is a district in north Edinburgh south of Newhaven and lying between Trinity and Leith. The area was given Conservation Area status in March 1998.

## History

The park itself was not created until the early 20th century. It was originally smaller, and was mainly based on the former grounds of Bonnington Park House (built in 1789), a still extant villa, now in the north-east corner of the park. A statue of King Edward VII by John Stevenson Rhind dominates the entrance (off Newhaven Road).
Critically, a deep railway cut used to bound the western side of the park. This came in from the south then split in two just before Trinity Academy, linking to the main east west line into Leith Docks. Not until this line was closed (as part of the Beeching cuts) and the cutting infilled, was it possible to increase the park to its current width.
The land west of the railway line was originally proposed as an extension to the Craighall estate but this never came to fruition.

## Surrounding housing

The park is bounded by villas on the Craighall estate to the west and by the flat-roofed terraces of the "Dudleys" to the east.
To the north the area is dominated by Trinity Academy and its eastern extensions, built over a large section which was originally parkland.
An interesting finger of houses on Craighall Bank curve into the park on the line of the former railway.
Bonnington Park House (aka Victoria Park House) operates as a children's centre and hides amid trees on the north side of the park.
On the south side of the park the former Ainslie Park School annexe by Ebenezer MacRae was demolished around 1995 and replaced by New Cut Rigg, flats designed to echo Ramsay Gardens in the town centre. Victoria Park Neuk lines the southern exit of the park alongside the remnant railway line, connecting to the Water of Leith Walkway.
The south-east corner of the park is bounded by mid-19th-century villas on Ferry Road and Newhaven Road.

## Famous Residents

* Christian Salvesen and his son Edward Theodore Salvesen lived in Catherine Bank House on Newhaven Road facing the park (demolished c.1900 to create the Dudley estate)

## Sporting facilities

The park contains bowling greens to the south-east, and tennis courts to the south-west.
A putting green which stood to the north-west no longer exists.
The bowling greens were reduced in scale during the Second World War to provide allotments

## Public transport

The area is served by the number 7 and 11 buses into the city centre. The former goes via Leith.
# Heads up, seven up

Heads up, seven up (sometimes called thumbs up, seven up, or heads down, or heads down thumbs up) is a game where each selected participant with their hands raised has to guess who tapped their head. It is played traditionally in elementary schools.

## Gameplay

To start the game, seven or another number of individuals are selected and come to the front of the room. The selected player says, "Heads down, thumbs up!" or "Heads down all around!" The participants who remain in their seats are to put their heads on the table/desk with their eyes closed and keep one thumb up. The chosen "seven up" children then circulate around the room, secretly pressing down one thumb each and then returning to the front of the room. A variation is simply tapping the person. This part of the game takes about one minute.
The selected player then calls, "Heads up, seven up!" or "Heads up, stand up!" All participants raise their heads and the participants whose thumbs were pressed stand up. Each in turn names the person they think pressed their thumb or tapped their head. If they guess correctly, the guesser takes the place of the person who pressed their thumb at the front of the classroom, and the person who pressed their thumb returns to their seat. If the person whose thumb was pressed guessed incorrectly, they sit down. The game then starts again.
Participants who guess later in the seven have an advantage, especially if one or more pickers have been eliminated. To make the game fair, the teacher can alternate the order in which the participants are called each time (such as from the front of the classroom to back, or left to right, or some other pattern).

## History

The origin of this elementary school game being played in American classrooms goes back to at least the 1950s, perhaps earlier.

## In media

Squid Game: The Challenge did an alternative version of Heads Up Seven Up, in episode 9 "Circle of Trust".
# Yeo Cheow Tong

Yeo Cheow Tong (simplified Chinese: 姚照东; traditional Chinese: 姚照東; pinyin: Yáo Zhàodōng; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Iô Chiàu-tong; born 22 June 1947) is a former Singaporean politician. A member of the governing People's Action Party (PAP), he served in the Cabinet from 1990 to 2006, and was a Member of Parliament (MP) of Hong Kah SMC from 12 December 1984 to 17 August 1988 and MP of Hong Kah GRC from 24 August 1988 to 19 April 2011 for almost 27 years.

## Early life

Yeo was educated at Anglo-Chinese School, before receiving a Colombo Plan Scholarship in 1967 to study at the University of Western Australia, where he received a Bachelor of Engineering (Mechanical) degree.

## Career

He worked for Singapore's Economic Development Board (EDB) from 1972 to 1975, before entering the private sector. He entered politics in 1984. At the 1984 general election, Yeo was elected a Member of Parliament for Hong Kah constituency. In 1985, he was appointed a Minister of State at the Ministry of Health and Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
In 1988, Yeo became the Acting Minister for Health, before becoming a full member of the Cabinet in 1990. He went on to hold a number of different Cabinet positions including Minister of Health (1990–94, 1997–99), Minister for Community Development (1991–94), Minister for Trade and Industry (1994–97), Minister for the Environment (1997–99), Minister for Communications and Information Technology (1999–2001), and Minister for Transport (2001–06).
In June 2006, Yeo resigned from the Cabinet to return to the private sector. He continued to serve as a Member of Parliament for the Hong Kah Group Representation Constituency until 2011, when he retired from politics. He was succeeded by Alex Yam in the 2011 Singaporean general election.

## Personal life

Yeo is married to lawyer Helen Yeo-Tan Cheng Hoong. The couple have three children and 6 grandchildren.
# Kakusthavarma

Kakusthavarma (r. c. 425 – 450 CE) or Kakusthavarman was a ruler of the Kadamba dynasty in South India. He succeeded his brother Raghu as king. Under Kakusthavarma's rule the Kadamba kingdom attained the height of its power and influence, and the Kadambas enjoyed close diplomatic relations with the great royal houses of India. The Talagunda and Halmidi inscriptions praise Kakusthavarma as a formidable Kadamba warrior.

## Early life

Kakusthavarma was born to King Bhageerath, the third ruler of the Kadamba dynasty. Upon his father's death, Kakusthavarma's elder brother Raghu assumed the throne of the Kadamba kingdom, with Kakusthavarma as Yuvaraja or Crown Prince. Kakusthavarma held court as the heir apparent, perhaps at Palashika (present-day Halasi) from where he is known to have issued land grants. In due course, he succeeded his brother on the Kadamba throne.

## Reign

Kakusthavarma's reign is notable for the marriage alliances that he contracted with other powerful dynasties. Most importantly, Kakusthavarma married one of his daughters into the imperial Gupta family. It is also likely that Kakusthavarma married another one of his daughters to the Vakataka prince Narendrasena, as the Vakataka records describe Narendrasena's wife Ajjhitabhattarika as a princess of the Kuntala country which probably corresponds to the Kadamba kingdom.
Kakusthavarma appears to have been a great builder and avid patron of secular architecture as well as of religious causes. He is described as possessing numerous palaces adorned with gopuras. Kakusthavarma's son and successor, Santivarma, records in his Talagunda pillar inscription that his father had constructed a great water tank near a Shiva temple at which Satakarni and other kings of the past had worshipped. Kakusthavarma himself appears to have had Jain religious tendencies, as in his grant at Halasi he begins with an invocation to Jinendra, the lord of the Jinas, and likely patronized a Jain temple at this place.

## Successors

Upon Kakusthavarma's death, the Kadamba kingdom appears to have been divided between his progeny. One of Kakusthavarma's sons, Santivarma, succeeded his father at Banavasi and ruled over the northern part of the Kadamba realm. Another one of Kakusthavarma's sons, Krishnavarma, seems to have founded a cadet branch of the Kadamba dynasty at Triparvatha, in the southern part of the Kadamba realm.
# Dibutyrylmorphine

Dibutyrylmorphine (also known as dibutanoylmorphine) is the 3,6-dibutyryl ester of morphine, first synthesized by the CR Alders Wright organization in the United Kingdom in 1875.
In animal studies its potency as an analgesic is higher compared to morphine, but lower than that of heroin.
Its structure is similar to that of other morphine esters such as heroin and nicomorphine. In many countries it is controlled as an ester of a controlled substance.
Esters of morphine were first produced by boiling morphine in acids or acid anhydrides including acetic, formic, propanoic, benzoic, butyric, and others, forming numerous mono-, di-, and tetraesters. Some of these were later researched further by others and some were eventually marketed. They included heroin, the first designer drugs which were produced in the late 1920s to replace heroin when it was outlawed by the League of Nations, medicinal drugs such as nicomorphine and others. Some of the corresponding esters of codeine, dihydrocodeine, dihydromorphine, isocodeine were also developed, such as the cough suppressant nicocodeine. The 3,6-diesters of morphine are drugs with more rapid and complete central nervous system penetration due to increased lipid solubility and other structural considerations.
# Bystré, Vranov nad Topľou District

Bystré (Hungarian: Tapolybeszterce, until 1899: Tapolybisztra) is a village and municipality in Vranov nad Topľou District in the Prešov Region of eastern Slovakia.

## History

In historical records, the village was first mentioned in 1312. Bystré is also the birthplace of writer, poet and dramaturge Albert Marenčin.

## Geography

The municipality lies at an altitude of 175 metres and covers an area of 13.211 km².

## Population

According to the 2011 census, the municipality had 2,669 inhabitants. 2,313 of inhabitants were Slovaks, 305 Roma and 51 others and unspecified.

### Jewish community

Historically, the town was once home to between 80 and 110 Jews. In 1828, there were 100 Jews living there. The community had a synagogue, cemetery, mikveh, cheder, and employed a religious teacher/ritual slaughterer who also served several neighbouring communities. By the latter half of the 19th century, the number of Jews in the village was diminishing, as young people moved to larger cities. At the beginning of the 20th century, about 100 Jews still remained in the village, and by 1940, only 70 remained. In 1942, most of the remaining Jews were sent to extermination camps. After liberation, no Jews returned to settle in the village.
# Gerlinde Stobrawa

Gerlinde Stobrawa (23 January 1949 – 29 August 2024) was a German politician for Die Linke and its predecessors. She was a member of the council of the Bezirk of Frankfurt (Oder) from 1984 to 1989, and completed a degree in sociology at the Parteihochschule Karl Marx of the Socialist Unity Party of Germany from 1986 to 1988. She was elected to the Landtag of the state of Brandenburg in 1990 and served as its vice president from 2005 to 2009.
The fact of Stobrawa having a past as an informer (code name: IM Marisa) for the East German secret police Stasi was public knowledge since 1991. However she resigned in November 2009 as Vice President of the Landtag when the extent of her past was revealed by the Federal Commissioner for the Stasi Records. Stobrawa argued that as part of her activities on the council of the Bezirk of Frankfurt (Oder) she met and was responsible for international delegations from a variety of countries, and that related security matters had to be monitored by the Stasi.
Stobrawa died in Potsdam, Brandenburg on 29 August 2024, at the age of 75.
# Jonathan Edewor

Jonathan Francis Ekokotu Edewor (17 July 1942 - 13 February 2021) was the pioneer Bishop of Anglican Diocese of Oleh. He died on 13 February 2021 after a brief illness.

## Early life and death

Jonathan Francis Ekokotu Edewor was born in Erawha-Owhe(present day Isoko North local government area of Delta State) to Late Pa Stephen Ogor and Late Mrs Ruth Emetakiewe Edewor on the 17th of July 1942. He was the pioneer Bishop of Anglican Diocese of Oleh and he served from December 1999 to July 2012 when he retired and was succeeded by John Aruakpor. He died on 13 February 2021 after a brief illness and was buried on 17 April 2021.
# The Best of Earth, Wind & Fire, Vol. 2

The Best of Earth, Wind & Fire, Vol. 2 is the second greatest hits album by American band Earth, Wind & Fire, released in November 1988 upon Columbia Records. The Best of Earth, Wind & Fire, Vol. 2 has been certified Gold in the US by the RIAA.

## Overview

The album is the follow-up to the Quintuple Platinum album The Best of Earth, Wind & Fire, Vol. 1, containing singles from the band's later career throughout the late 1970s and the 1980s. It also features the song "Serpentine Fire", which was not included on Vol 1., as well as the album version of "Fantasy".
Alongside the singles, the album contained a previously unreleased song entitled "Turn on (The Beat Box)", which was released as a single and reached number 26 on the Billboard Hot R&B Singles chart.

## Critical reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
| PopMatters | (favorable) |
| Village Voice | (A−) |
| Billboard | (favorable) |
| New York Daily News | (favorable) |
| Cincinnati Post | |
| Tom Hull – on the Web | (A-) |
Ron Wynn of Allmusic in a 4.5 out of five stars review wrote, "If you enjoyed their disco and late '70s cuts more than the early tracks, this anthology is worth getting". Ben Varkentine of Popmatters noted "Earth, Wind & Fire Vol. II can't be reviewed so much as announced. If you want this CD, you know what at least some of it sounds like, if not, you don't." David Browne of the New York Daily News exclaimed, "Not as solid as Vol. I, but separates the wheat from the chaff of their later albums. 'After the Love Is Gone' and 'Boogie Wonderland' are here, but last year's comeback, 'System of Survival', isn't. With a 4 out of 5 star review Larry Nager of the Cincinnati Post claimed "Like most second-volume best-ofs the set is second best but with the sweet vocals of Philip Bailey the uncompromising groove of Maurice White and the EWF horns..second best is more than good enough." With an A− grade, Robert Christgau of the Village Voice described the album as "some slick, soulful fun".

## Charts
### Albums

| Year | Chart | Peak position |
| 1988 | US Billboard 200 | 190 |
| 1988 | US Billboard Top R&B Albums | 74 |

### Singles

Singles :
| Year | Title | Chart | Position |
| 1988 | Turn on (The Beat Box) | US Billboard Hot R&B Singles | 26 |
| 1988 | Turn on (The Beat Box) | N.L. Dutch Singles (Dutch Single Top 100) | 30 |

## Certifications

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| United States (RIAA) | Gold | 500,000$^^$ |
| $^^$ Shipments figures based on certification alone. |||
# NGC 5501

NGC 5501 is an unbarred spiral galaxy in the constellation of Virgo, registered in New General Catalogue (NGC).

## Observation history

NGC 5501 was discovered by John Herschel on 13 April 1828. John Louis Emil Dreyer in the New General Catalogue, described the galaxy as "very faint, small, partially resolved, some stars seen".
# Autism: Explaining the Enigma

Autism: Explaining the Enigma is a 1989 nonfiction book by psychologist Uta Frith.
This book provided the first psychological account of what happens in the mind of an autistic person. The book proposed that the key problems for autistic people were an inability to recognize and think about thoughts (theory of mind), and an inability to integrate pieces of information into coherent wholes ("weak central coherence", WCC). The book outlines neuropsychological research on autism.
# Instituto Jacques Walter

Instituto Jacques Walter is a Brazil-based institute that aims to preserve and regain Atlantic Forest (Mata Atlântica). It was established in 1999 and is located in the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil. It is a non-profit organization that works with donations and sponsorships for the realization of its work.

## History

Over 20 years ago, Michel Frey gradually acquired a 175 hectare piece of land next to his private estate of Capijuma, about 100 km west of Vitoria, the capital of the state Espírito Santo, Brazil. Becoming increasingly concerned with the degradation of the Mata Atlântica, in 1999 he co-founded the Instituto Jacques Walter (after his wife's father) with the aim to preserve and reforest the area. As effective reforestation methods in this area were not yet documented, he experimented with different reforestation methods. Also, with a special love for orchids, Frey committed himself to their preservation, reintroducing many species on the Institute’s land. He also discovered 5 new orchid species (one is also named after him: Pseudolaelia freyi). After the Frey's death in 2006, a new team has continued his work. Under the leadership of his son, Pierre Frey, a team based in The Netherlands and a team in Brazil now coordinate the Instituto. Their aim is to not only carry on Frey's work, but to expand it in several respects to give a meaningful contribution to the reforestation of the Mata Atlântica in Espírito Santo and beyond.

## Objectives

* Preservation of original Atlantic Forest
* Reforestation of degraded areas
* Conservation of flora and fauna
* Become an area for scientific research on the Atlantic Forest and its biodiversity (especially orchids)
* Involve other landowners to reforest their land
* Support education by bringing children into contact with the Atlantic Forest and its conservation
# Philemon Ewer

There were a number of shipbuilders and shipwrights called Philemon Ewer in the villages of Bursledon and Hamble in the River Hamble area of Hampshire, England during the 18th century.

## The Master Shipbuilder

The 'Master' shipbuilder was Philemon Ewer (19 July 1702 – 13 December 1750). He was a timber merchant and builder of small boats but gained an opportunity through the outbreak of the 'War of Jenkins' Ear' to build Men of War for the British government in 1739.
He also had a shipyard in East Cowes on the Isle of Wight.
He was buried at St Leonards in Bursledon on 16 December 1750 and has an elaborate memorial which records:
   In Memory of MR PHILEMON EWER, who died the 13th day of December A.D. 1750 aged 49 Years. During the late war with France & Spain He build Seven large Ships of war for His Majesty's Service. In the Execution of that important Trust He gained, and deserved, the Reputation of an ingenious Artist and excellent workman and an honest Man. All his Undertakings were crowned with Success, And all his Industry justly rewarded With a fair Character & a plentiful Fortune; The first of which he left for ye Imitation The second for the Support & Enjoyment Of his numerous Family; who in Gratitude erected This Monument A:D: 1754
His seven ships were:
He also built a large house in the village from the proceeds. It was called 'Elm Lodge' at the time but is now known as 'Greyladyes' and is home to the 'Greyladyes Arts Foundation' Google Maps Link.
There is also an 18th-century house called 'Ewers' on Lands End Road in Bursledon that was owned by the family. Google Maps link

## Other Philemon Ewers

* The Master Shipbuilder's father (died 1730) Built trading ships mainly at Hamble
* The Master Shipbuilder's son (1735 - 1797) Seems to have been known as 'Captain' (most likely due to his position in the local militia) and lived at 'Elm Lodge' in Bursledon Google Maps Link- He does appear to have continued building smaller ships for the navy up to at least 1757 and left provision for his eldest son to be placed under an eminent shipwright in his will
* The Master Shipbuilder's nephew (1726 - 1792) Lived at 'Upcott House' in Bursledon Google Maps Link - Owned sloops for trading purposes and was also a maltster and timber merchant. He is recorded as offering to build ships for the navy.
* Both the Master shipbuilder's son and nephew had a son together named Philemon.
# Battle of Ameixial

The Battle of Ameixial, was fought on 8 June 1663, near the village of Santa Vitória do Ameixial, some 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) north-west of Estremoz, between Spanish and Portuguese as part of the Portuguese Restoration War. In Spain, the battle is better known as the Battle of Estremoz.

## Background

In the spring of 1663, the Spanish had undertaken their most successful attack on Portugal, since the beginning of the war.
Under command of John of Austria the Younger, son of Philip IV of Spain (and the conqueror of Catalonia and of the Kingdom of Naples and winner of the French in Italy), the greater part of the south of Portugal was overrun. The important city of Évora was taken on 22 May, opening perspectives for a march on Lisbon, 135 kilometres (84 mi) to the west.
But the lack of ammunition, food and money paralysed the Spanish army. The Portuguese raised a 17,000 men strong army led by Sancho Manoel de Vilhena, aided by Frederick Schomberg, 1st Duke of Schomberg, Fernando de Meneses, Count of Ericeira and other senior officers, and marched against the Spanish. The Spanish commander decided to retreat to a strategic position at the north east of Évora and wait for the enemy, leaving a garrison of 3,700 in Évora.
The Portuguese army was reinforced by three regiments (1 cavalry & 2 infantry) of about 3,000 troops, from England (mostly from around the British isles) which were put under the command of the Duke of Schomberg. Also included were a small number of mercenaries from France. Of this foreign contingent, almost 2,000 English fought in Ameixial, about 1600 incorporated in the infantry and 300 in the cavalry.

## Battle

The two armies met on June 8th in the fields of Ameixial, 5 km from Estremoz. The Spanish were defeated and withdrew to Arronches and then to Badajoz.
The standard of Don John of Austria was captured when his squadron was almost totally killed. The standard was later presented to King Afonso VI of Portugal himself.
Thus, thanks to the victory of this battle, one of the most dangerous Spanish attacks of the Restoration War ended.

## Aftermath

The Spanish casualties were very high, all of their artillery and baggage was captured, and the army was forced to retreat to Badajoz in Extremadura. When the Spanish garrison of Évora of 3,700 men capitulated on 24 June 1663, the whole expedition was a complete failure. The independence of the Kingdom of Portugal was saved while the military career of John of Austria ended.
A memorial stone was placed on the site of the battlefield.
The battle is memorialized in a prominent azulejo of the Room of the Battles (Sala das Batalhas) in the Palace of the Marquises of Fronteira, created in 1671–1672.