# Sharps Formation

The Sharps Formation is a geologic formation in South Dakota. It preserves fossils dating back to the Paleogene.
The Sharps Formation is the namesake of the community of Sharps Corner, South Dakota.

## Fossil content

| Color key Taxon Reclassified taxon Taxon falsely reported as present Dubious taxon or junior synonym Ichnotaxon Ootaxon Morphotaxon | Notes Uncertain or tentative taxa are in small text; crossed out taxa are discredited. |

### Mammals
#### Carnivorans

Carnivorans reported from the Sharps Formation :
| Genus | Species | Location | Stratigraphic position | Material | Notes |
| Archaeocyon | A. leptodus | Shannon & Jackson counties, South Dakota. | Middle & upper part of the formation. | Skull elements. | A borophagine dog. |
| Archaeocyon | A. pavidus | Southeast corner of Sheep Mountain, Shannon County, South Dakota. | Lower part of the formation. | 2 partial skeletons. | A borophagine dog. |
| Cormocyon | C. haydeni | Wounded Knee area, Shannon County, South Dakota. | Upper part of the formation. | Left maxillary (F:AM 49436). | A borophagine dog. |
| Cynarctoides | C. lemur | Shannon County, South Dakota. | Lower & upper parts of the formation. | Jaw elements. | A borophagine dog also known from the John Day, Brule & Browns Park formations. |
| Cynarctoides | C. roii | Wounded Knee Area, Shannon County, South Dakota. | Upper part of the formation. | Skull elements. | A borophagine dog also known from the lower Arikaree Group |
| Cynodesmus | C. cooki | Wounded Knee Area. | | Mandibles. | Reassigned to the genus Otarocyon. |
| Ekgmoiteptecela | E. olsontau | Wounded Knee Area. | Rockyford Member. | Right ramus (SDSM 54247). | Junior synonym of Hoplophoneus cerebralis. |
| Enhydrocyon | E. crassidens | Wounded Knee Area. | | Crania. | A hesperocyonine dog also known from the Harrison Formation. |
| Enhydrocyon | E. pahinsintewakpa | Wounded Knee Area. | Near the top of the formation. | Right mandible. | A hesperocyonine dog. |
| Hesperocyon | H. leptodus | Wounded Knee Area. | | Skull elements. | Reassigned to the genus Archaeocyon. |
| Hoplophoneus | H. cerebralis | Wounded Knee Area, South Dakota. | Rockyford Member. | Right ramus (SDSM 54247). | A nimravid. |
| Leptocyon | L. douglassi | Wounded Knee Area. | | Maxillary fragments. | A canine dog also known from the Toston & John Day formations. |
| Mesocyon | M. robustus | Wounded Knee Area. | | Mandibles. | A hesperocyonine dog. |
| Mesocyon | "M." temnodon | Shannon County, South Dakota. | Basal part and near the top of the formation. | Rami. | A hesperocyonine dog. |
| Nothocyon | N. geismarianus | Wounded Knee Area. | | Jaw elements. | An arctoid formerly thought to be a canid, also known from the Monroe Creek Formation. |
| Nothocyon | N. lemur | Wounded Knee Area. | | Jaw elements. | Reassigned to Cynarctoides. |
| Nothocyon | N. roii | Wounded Knee Area. | | Skull elements. | Reassigned to Cynarctoides. |
| Otarocyon | O. cooki | Wounded Knee Area, Shannon County, South Dakota. | Upper part of the formation. | Partial rami. | A small borophagine dog also known from the lower Arikaree Group. |
| Palaeogale | P. dorothiae | Wounded Knee Area. | | Fragment of right mandible (SDSM 53326). | A palaeogalid. |
| Paradaphoenus | P. tooheyi | South Dakota. | | Maxilla (LACM 21649). | A bear-dog. |
| Philotrox | P. condoni | Wounded Knee area, Shannon County & Quiver Hill localities, Washabaugh County. | Middle member. | Skull and jaw remains. | A hesperocyonine dog also found in the John Day Formation. |
| Sunkahetanka | S. geringensis | Wounded Knee Area, Shannon & Jackson counties. | Middle member. | Jaw elements. | A hesperocyonine dog also known from the topmost part of the Brule Formation. |
| Sunkahetanka | S. pahinsintewakpa | Wounded Knee Area. | | Right mandible. | Reassigned to Enhydrocyon. |

#### Eulipotyphlans

Eulipotyphlans reported from the Sharps Formation :
| Genus | Species | Location | Material | Notes |
| Arctoryctes | A. terrenus | Wounded Knee Area. | Humeri. | A proscalopid also found in the Rosebud Formation. |
| Domnina | D. dakotensis | Wounded Knee Area. | Mandible. | A shrew. |
| Domnina | D. greeni | Wounded Knee Area. | Fragment of left mandible (SDSM 5895). | A shrew. |
| Domninoides | D. evelynae | Wounded Knee Area. | Mandibles. | Species reassigned to Proscalops. |
| Ocajila | O. makpiyahe | Wounded Knee Area. | Fragment of left mandible (SDSM 56105) & LACM 9491. | A gymnure. |
| Palaeoscalopus | P. pineridgensis | Wounded Knee Area. | 2 dentaries. | Junior synonym of Quadrodens wilsoni. |
| Proscalops | P. evelynae | Wounded Knee Area. | | A proscalopid. |
| Quadrodens | Q. wilsoni | Wounded Knee Area. | Dentaries. | A talpid mole. |
| Talpidae | Genus indeterminate | Wounded Knee Area. | Fragments of 2 upper molars (SDSM 5898). | A talpid mole. |
| Trimylus | T. sp. | Wounded Knee Area. | A dentary fragment (LACM 9380) formerly assigned to Ocajila. | A shrew. |

#### Lagomorphs

Lagomorphs reported from the Sharps Formation :
| Genus | Species | Location | Material | Notes |
| Megalagus | M. primitivus | Wounded Knee Area. | Mandibles. | A leporid. |
| ?Palaeolaginae | | Wounded Knee Area. | Fragment of left mandible (SDSM 5542). | A leporid. |
| Palaeolagus | P. hypsodus | Wounded Knee Area. | Skull & jaw elements. | A leporid. |
| Palaeolagus | P. philoi | Wounded Knee Area. | Jaw elements. | A leporid. |

#### Metatherians

Metatherians reported from the Sharps Formation :
| Genus | Species | Location | Stratigraphic position | Material | Notes | Images |
| Herpetotherium | H. youngi | Wounded Knee Area. | | Jaw elements & teeth. | A herpetotheriid originally reported as Peratherium spindleri. | |
| Peratherium | P. spindleri | Wounded Knee Area. | | Jaw elements & teeth. | Junior synonym of Herpetotherium youngi. | |

#### Primates

Primates reported from the Sharps Formation :
| Genus | Species | Location | Stratigraphic position | Material | Notes | Images |
| Ekgmowechashala | E. philotau | Wounded Knee Area. | | Jaw elements. | An adapiform. | |

#### Rodents

Rodents reported from the Sharps Formation :
| Genus | Species | Location | Material | Notes |
| Capacikala | C. gradatus | Wounded Knee Area. | Skull elements. | A castorid also known from the John Day Formation. |
| Capatanka | C. cankpeopi | Wounded Knee Area. | Skull elements. | A castorid. |
| Eumys | E. blacki | Wounded Knee Area. | Right ramus (SDSM 5574). | A cricetid. |
| Eumys | E. woodi | Wounded Knee Area. | Jaw elements. | A cricetid. |
| Florentiamys | F. agnewi | Wounded Knee Area. | Fragment of left ramus (SDSM 55120). | A florentiamyid. |
| Grangerimus | G. dakotensis | Wounded Knee Area. | Crania. | A geomyid. |
| Heliscomys | H. species indeterminate | Wounded Knee Area. | 4 isolated molars (SDSM 54365). | A heliscomyid. |
| Hitonkala | H. andersontau | Wounded Knee Area. | Skull elements. | A heteromyid. |
| Meniscomys | M. hippodus | Wounded Knee Area. | Left ramus (SDSM 56113). | An aplodontid. |
| Palaeocastor | P. nebrascensis | Wounded Knee Area. | Numerous skull elements. | A castorid. |
| Pleurolicus | P. clasoni | Wounded Knee Area. | Fragment of right ramus (SDSM 54388). | A geomyid. |
| Pleurolicus | P. leptophrys | Wounded Knee Area. | Right ramus (SDSM 53380). | A geomyid also known from the Rosebud Formation. |
| Proheteromys | P. bumpi | Wounded Knee Area. | Jaw elements & teeth. | A heteromyid. |
| Proheteromys | P. fedti | Wounded Knee Area. | Right ramus (SDSM 56121). | A heteromyid. |
| Proheteromys | P. gremmelsi | Wounded Knee Area. | Left ramus (SDSM 5574). | A heteromyid. |
| Prosciurus | P. dawsonae | Wounded Knee Area. | Rami. | An ischyromyid. |
| Prosciurus | ?P. dawsonae | Wounded Knee Area. | Maxillary fragment (SDSM 5598). | An ischyromyid. |
| Scottimus | S. sp. indeterminate | Wounded Knee Area. | 2 isolated upper molars (SDSM 58101). | A cricetid. |
| Tamias | Species indeterminate | Wounded Knee Area. | 9 isolated cheek teeth (SDSM 58100). | A chipmunk. |

#### Ungulates

Ungulates reported from the Sharps Formation :
| Genus | Species | Location | Stratigraphic position | Material | Notes |
| Agriochoerus | A. sp. indet. | Wounded Knee Area. | | Maxillary fragments & lower jaws (SDSM 54161). | A tylopod. |
| Arretotherium | A. sp. indeterminate | Wounded Knee Area. | | Isolated molars. | An anthracothere. |
| Cyclopidius | C. schucherti | Wounded Knee Area. | | Skull elements. | |
| Cyclopidius | C. simus | Wounded Knee Area. | | Skull elements. | |
| Daeodon | D. sp. | Cedar Pass, Badlands National Monument, South Dakota. | | Anterior portion of a skull (SDSM 675). | An entelodont, originally reported as Dinohyus. |
| Desmatochoerus | D. hatcheri geringensis | Wounded Knee Area. | | 2 specimens. | An oreodont. |
| Desmatochoerus | D. (Paradesmatochoerus) wyomingensis | Wounded Knee Area. | | Partial cranium. | An oreodont. |
| Diceratherium | D. armatum | Wounded Knee Area. | Middle & very top of the formation. | Skull & tooth. | A rhinoceros. |
| Diceratherium | D. gregorii | Wounded Knee Area. | | Skull elements. | A rhinoceros. |
| Diceratherium | D. cf. gregorii | Wounded Knee Area. | | Jaw elements. | A rhinoceros. |
| Dinohyus | D. sp. | Cedar Pass, Badlands National Monument, South Dakota. | | Anterior portion of a skull (SDSM 675). | Junior synonym of Daeodon. |
| Hyracodon | H. apertus | Wounded Knee Area. | Lower part of the formation. | Partial skull (SDSM 54141). | A hyracodontid. |
| Hyracodon | ? H. sp. indeterminate | Wounded Knee Area. | Rockyford Member. | Partial mandible (SDSM 54183). | A hyracodontid. |
| Leptochoerus | L. sp. indeterminate | Wounded Knee Area. | | Fragment of ramus (SDSM 56101). | A leptochoerid. |
| Leptomeryx | L. sp. indeterminate | Wounded Knee Area. | | Ramus fragments. | A leptomerycine. |
| Mesoreodon | M. megalodon cf. sweeti | Wounded Knee Area. | | Partial cranium (SDSM 54220). | An oreodont. |
| Miohippus | M. equiceps | Wounded Knee Area. | | Skull elements. | An equid. |
| Miohippus | M. near equinanus | Wounded Knee Area. | | Jaw elements. | An equid. |
| Nanotragulus | N. intermedius | Wounded Knee Area. | Spread throughout the greater portion of the formation. | Numerous jaw elements. | A hypertragulid. |
| Nanotragulus | N. cf. loomisi | Wounded Knee Area. | | Mandibular & maxillary fragments. | A hypertragulid. |
| Oxydactylus | O. cf. wyomingensis | Wounded Knee Area. | | Skull elements. | A camelid. |
| Oxydactylus | ?O. sp. indeterminate | Wounded Knee Area. | | Mandible fragments of adults. | A camelid. |

### Reptiles
#### Squamates

Squamates reported from the Sharps Formation :
| Genus | Species | Location | Stratigraphic position | Material | Notes |
| Amphisbaenidae | Genus indeterminate | Wounded Knee Area. | | 2 jaw fragments (SDSM 5897). | A worm lizard. |
| Anguidae | Genus indeterminate | Wounded Knee Area. | | 30 jaw fragments (SDSM 5896). | An anguid lizard. |
| Iguanidae | Genus indeterminate | Wounded Knee Area. | | 11 jaw fragments (SDSM 5829). | An iguanid lizard. |
| Macrorhineura | M. skinneri | Wounded Knee, Shannon County, South Dakota. | | Anterior portion of skull (LACM 9249). | A worm lizard. |
| Peltosaurus | P. granulosus | Sharps Corner, South Dakota. | Upper part of the formation. | Multiple specimens. | A glyptosaurine lizard also known from the Monroe Creek Formation. |
| Peltosaurus | ?P. sp. indeterminate | Wounded Knee Area. | | Jaw fragment (SDSM 5578). | A glyptosaurine lizard. |