OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Yu Keping

Yu Keping (Chinese: 俞可平) is the Director of the Center for Chinese Government Innovations at Peking University. He is a noted scholar having produced many noted books including the widely noted Democracy is a Good Thing. In addition to his academic work he has also acted as an advisor on political reforms to the Chinese government.
Yu is also the New World Senior Fellow in the Ash Center for Democratic Governance and Innovation in the John F. Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University.

## Writings

Books
* Yu, K. (2010). Democracy and the Rule of Law in China Leiden: Brill
* Yu, K. (2009). Democracy is a good thing: Essays on politics, society, and culture in contemporary China. Washington, D.C: Brookings Institution Press.
# Collège de la Retraite

The Collège de la Retraite is a bilingual secondary school in Yaoundé, the capital of Cameroon. It is a Catholic institution managed by religious leaders.
Founded in 1950 by the Sisters of the Holy Spirit under the name Collège du Saint-Esprit, it initially admitted only girls. In 1960, the Cameroon welcomed the Sisters of the Retraite, who were heavily involved in education. Consequently, the school was renamed Collège de la Retraite.
Collège de la Retraite has one of the highest success rates in the Baccalauréat examinations in Cameroon. It regularly ranks at the top of the annual list of high schools established by the Office du Baccalauréat du Cameroun (OBC), and it consistently appears at the top of the national honors list for baccalauréat distinctions, last published in February 2015.

## History

The Collège de la Retraite was founded in 1950 by the Sisters of the Holy Spirit under the name Collège du Saint-Esprit, initially admitting only girls, all of whom resided in a boarding facility. In 1960, the Cameroon welcomed the Sisters of the Retraite, who took over the management of the Collège du Saint-Esprit, leading to the school's renaming to Collège de la Retraite. From that year onwards, the school became co-educational.
From 1950 to 2000, the Collège de la Retraite primarily focused on literary and economic courses. In 2000, with the departure of the sisters and management taken over by Cameroonians through the Archdiocese of Yaoundé, the school introduced a scientific curriculum, becoming a full-cycle secondary school.

## Administration

* Clément Mathieu Belinga (1977–1991)
* Armand Messi Essam (1991–1998)
* Marie-Hélène Mbarga (1998–2006)
* Rev. Sr. Joséphine Julie Ntsama (2006–2011)
* Rev. Father Abraham Ndongo Minkala (2011–2014)
* Rev. Father Clément Nkodo Manga (since 2014)

## Achievements

Since its establishment, Collège de la Retraite has consistently ranked among the top schools according to the baccalauréat office's rankings. The lowest position it has held was fourteenth in 2006.
Each year, the school presents around 900 candidates for official exams administered by the OBC and is regularly the school with the most candidates among the top 15 in the rankings.

## Notable alumni

* Jacques Fame Ndongo, Minister of Higher Education.
* Franck Biya, son of the current President of Cameroon, Paul Biya.
* Pit Baccardi, French-Cameroonian rapper and producer.
* Ntonga Gabriel Charly, Secretary of Foreign Affairs at the Cameroon Embassy in People's Republic of China (Beijing), previously serving in the Central Administration.
* Mamane, Nigerien comedian and RFI columnist.
* Fernand Didier Manga, Cameroonian architect and publisher of A2 Africa&Architettura, a monthly magazine on African architecture and urbanism in Italy. Consultant at the Inter-university Center for Didactic Research and Advanced Training in Venice.
# Janusz Gromek

Janusz Gromek (born 4 July 1956) is a Polish politician. He was elected to the Senate of Poland (10th term) representing the constituency of Koszalin. He was also elected to the 11th term.
# Lost (NF song)

"Lost" (stylized in all caps) is a song by American rapper NF featuring fellow American rapper Hopsin, released on March 11, 2021 as the third and final single from the former's mixtape Clouds. The song was written by NF, Tommee Profitt, Saint X of Capital Kings, and Hopsin, while being produced by the former three. The latter's first entry on the Billboard Hot 100 chart, it is lyrically about feeling lost and finding oneself.

## Background

NF first teased his collaboration with Hopsin in July 2020 with a photo of them in a snowy landscape.

## Music video

The music video was released on March 11, 2021 and directed by NF and Patrick Tohill. It was filmed in the Colorado mountains and finds NF with a number of balloons tied to him, as he and Hopsin wander through the snowy mountains to find their way.

## Charts

| Chart (2021) | Peak position |
| Canada (Canadian Hot 100) | 61 |
| Global 200 (Billboard) | 137 |
| Ireland (IRMA) | 85 |
| New Zealand Hot Singles (RMNZ) | 15 |
| UK Singles (OCC) | 88 |
| US Billboard Hot 100 | 79 |
| US Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs (Billboard) | 33 |

## Certifications

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| Canada (Music Canada) | Gold | 40,000$^‡$ |
| United States (RIAA) | Gold | 500,000$^‡$ |
| $^‡$ Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone. |||
# Arikady Fort

Arikadi Fort is a fort located in the Kasaragod district of Kerala, India. It is also known as Kumbla Fort. The fort is located at a distance of 1 km from Kumbla on the NH 66 National Highway between kumbala River and shiriya River There is a Hanuman temple just below the fort.
Excavations by a team from the Department of Archeology, University of Kerala in 2015 uncovered a large hall possibly meant for congregation. The excavation was carried out as part of the 'A Survey of Forts' research project jointly funded by the University Grants Commission (UGC) and the University of Kerala. Excavations have also uncovered large quantities of roof tiles, local pottery, Chinese pottery, lead bullets and the mold used to make them.

## Geography

The fort is located in the Arikady village in Kumbla, Kasaragod district. The nearest railway station and busstand is at Kumbla and the nearest airport is Mangalore International Airport. The fort is located on a lateritic hillock on the right bank of the Arikady River.

## History

According to the South Canara Manual, the Keladi Nayakas (1500–1763) who had their capitals at Keladi, Ikkeri and Bednore in Karnataka built few forts in the Hosdurg-Kasargod region of Kerala. Arikadi Fort is one of them. According to historical records, Arikady Fort was built by Ikeri Hiriya Venkadappa Nayak in 1608. In the second volume of the South Canara District Manual, Stuart records that there was an inscription in Kannada at the entrance to the fort, which states that the fort was built by Nayak.
Other histories are also being told. Most commonly, it is believed that the fort was built during the reign of Tipu Sultan. Another belief is that it was built for the headquarters of the Kumbala dynasty. Another belief is that the fort existed during the reign of the Kolathiri Rajas and that after the collapse of the Kolathiri kingdom and the Vijayanagara Empire, the area came under the control of the Ikkeri Nayakas and they rebuilt the forts.
Some historians say that the fort was under the rule of the Maypadi Kovilakam, which had jurisdiction from Kumbala to the Chandragiri river. The area was under their control during the heyday of the Vijayanagara Empire, which was later handed over to the Nayaks of Bednore and the local king acted as their feudatory. After the fall of the Vijayanagara Empire, it fell into the hands of the Mysore rulers and after the defeat of Tipu Sultan by the British, the fort fell to the British control.
# Shamima Ali

Shamima Ali is a Fijian political activist of Indian descent. As of July 2015, she is the Coordinator of the Fiji Women's Crisis Centre (FWCC), a post she has held for many years. She has also been a member of the Fiji Human Rights Commission (FHRC).
Ali condemned the military coup of 5 December 2006 and has taken a strong stand against human rights abuses alleged to have been committed by the Military-backed interim government. She has also criticized Shaista Shameem, the Director of the FHRC and a coup-sympathizer, for allegedly ignoring such violations. When six pro-democracy activists were arrested and allegedly assaulted by the Military in the early hours of 25 December 2006, Shameem told her there was nothing the FHRC could do, according to Ali. Ali's position in the FHRC had already been further isolated by the resignation of Sevuloni Valenitabua the previous week.
On 28 December, Ali vowed to continue speaking up, though she admitted that she was somewhat fearful.
On 31 December, the Fiji Sun quoted her as cautioning against believing the claims of Australian fraudster Peter Foster, which was being cited by the Military administration as implicating the deposed government of Prime Minister of involvement in electoral fraud.
Ali spoke out on 4 January 2007 against a report written by Shaista Shameem, condoning and excusing the coup d'état as the removal of an "illegally constituted government". The report was based on Shameem's personal opinions and was neither commissioned nor sanctioned by the FHRC, Ali claimed. "The report by Dr Shameem is not in accordance with Commission procedures and policy and I presume it to be her personal opinion," she said. "The report carries numerous errors and fabrications," she added. Ali called on Shameem to resign and declared her intention to consult with her colleagues to explore the possibility of having Shameem dismissed.
Ali claimed that her own intervention had secured the release from military custody of Richard Naidu, a prominent lawyer who was detained on 23 January 2007 for making what the Military called "inciteful" comments on Radio New Zealand. The Military, however, denied that Ali had played a role in the release.

## Honours

On 10 December 2009 Ali was awarded Amnesty International Aotearoa New Zealand's inaugural Human Rights Defender award.
In September 2022 she was awarded Vanuatu's 40th anniversary medal for her work in eliminating violence against women and children.
# List of ambassadors of Poland to Norway

The Republic of Poland Ambassador to Norway (formally the Ambassador of the Republic of Poland to the Kingdom of Norway) is the official representative of the President and the Government of Poland to the King and Government of Norway. Until 2013 Poland Ambassador to Norway was accredited to Iceland.
Diplomatic relations between Poland and Norway were established in 1919. Embassy of Poland in Norway is located in Oslo's borough of Frogner.

## List of ambassadors of Poland to Norway
### Second Polish Republic

* 1919–1921: Czesław Pruszyński (envoy)
* 1921–1924: Henryk Sokolnicki (chargé d'affaires)
* 1924–1927: Michał Kwapiszewski (chargé d'affaires)
* 1927–1931: Leszek Malczewski (envoy)
* 1931–1942: Władysław Neuman (envoy)
* 1942–1945: Władysław Günther-Schwarzburg (envoy)

### People's Polish Republic

* 1946–1948: Mieczysław Rogalski (envoy)
* 1948–1954: Józef Giebułtowicz (envoy)
* 1957–1959: Albert Morski (envoy)
* 1959–1961: Halina Kowalska (chargé d'affaires)
* 1961–1963: Kaziemierz Dorosz (envoy)
* 1963–1967: Wiktor Jabczyński (chargé d'affaires)
* 1967–1969: Mieczysław Łobodycz
* 1969–1973: Przemysław Ogrodziński
* 1973–1974: Czesław Godek (chargé d'affaires)
* 1974–1975: Tadeusz Wianecki (chargé d'affaires)
* 1975–1978: Romuald Poleszczuk
* 1978–1979: Jerzy Roszak
* 1979: Henryk Wendrowski
* 1979–1982: Henryk Jęsiak
* 1981–1985: Karol Nowakowski
* 1985–1988: Franciszek Stachowiak

### Third Polish Republic

* 1988–1992: Karol Nowakowski
* 1991–1996: Lech Sokół
* 1996–2001: Stanisław Czartoryski
* 2001–2005: Andrzej Jaroszyński
* 2005–2007: Ryszard Czarny
* 2007:Włodzimierz Anioł (chargé d’affaires)
* 2007–2012: Wojciech Kolańczyk
* 2012–2016: Stefan Czmur
* 2016–2018: Marian Siemakowicz (chargé d’affaires)
* 2018–2023: Iwona Woicka-Żuławska
* since 2024: Małgorzata Kosiura-Kaźmierska
# Andrzej Pająk

Andrzej Michał Pająk (born 26 September 1955) is a Polish politician. He was elected to the Senate of Poland (10th term) representing the constituency of Kraków. He was also elected to the 8th term (2011–2015) and 9th term (2015–2019) of the Senate of Poland.
# Marine Pavilion (Queens)

The Marine Pavilion was a luxury hotel in Far Rockaway, Queens, New York City. The Pavilion, which was built on the former homestead of Rockaway's first white settler, Richard Cornell, was completed in 1833, at a then-record cost of $43,000. The hotel attracted people such as Henry Wadsworth Longfellow and Washington Irving, and other New York City literary figures and socialites who were first attracted to the hotel as a refuge from an outbreak of cholera. The Pavilion was destroyed by fire on June 25, 1864. However, with many more hotels already built in its wake, Far Rockaway remained a fashionable resort area.
# Egypt at the African Games

Egypt has competed at every edition of the African Games. Its athletes have won a total of 1827 medals.

## Medals by Games

Below is a table representing all medals across the Games in which it has competed.
https://bestsports.com.br/db/cmppag.php?cmp=79&lang=2
https://bestsports.com.br/db/cmppaipag.php?cmp=79&pai=60&lang=2
| Games | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
| 1965 | 17 | 10 | 3 | 30 |
| 1973 | 25 | 16 | 15 | 56 |
| 1987 | 31 | 22 | 20 | 73 |
| 1991 | 90 | 53 | 52 | 195 |
| 1995 | 61 | 43 | 50 | 154 |
| 1999 | 53 | 60 | 45 | 158 |
| 2003 | 80 | 62 | 72 | 214 |
| 2007 | 74 | 62 | 63 | 199 |
| 2011 | 32 | 14 | 20 | 66 |
| 2015 | 85 | 64 | 68 | 217 |
| 2019 | 102 | 98 | 73 | 273 |
| 2023 | 103 | 47 | 43 | 193 |
| Totals (12 entries) | 753 | 551 | 524 | 1,828 |
# Safuneituʻuga Paʻaga Neri

Safuneituʻuga Paʻaga Neri is a Samoan politician and former Cabinet Minister. She was the third Samoan woman ever appointed to Cabinet. She is a member of the Human Rights Protection Party.
Neri is from Safune on the island of Savaiʻi. She worked as an Education lecturer at the National University of Samoa. She was first elected to the Legislative Assembly of Samoa as an independent in the 2001 election. She was re-elected in the 2006 election, and was appointed Minister of Communication and Technology following the removal from office of Mulitalo Siafausa Vui. As Minister she planned the privatisation of the Samoa Broadcasting Corporation, and of SamoaTel.
She lost her seat in the 2011 election. She later served as a member of the Public Service Commission from 2012 - 2018.
# Malagasy units of measurement

A number of units of measurement were used in Madagascar to measure length, mass, capacity, etc. The Metric system was introduced in Madagascar in 1897.

## System before metric system

Several units were used.

### Length

One rahf was equal to 46.46 in (1.18 m) (the value was double in the northern part of Madagascar).

### Mass
#### For gold and silver

Units included:
1 vari = 3 nanki
1 sompi = 2 vari = 60 grain.

### Capacity

One bambou was equal to 0.0568 bushel.
# Nactus erugatus

The Milne Bay smooth-tailed slender-toed gecko (Nactus erugatus) is a species of lizard in the family Gekkonidae. It is endemic to Papua New Guinea.
# Ángel Galarza

Ángel Galarza (1892–1966) was a Spanish lawyer, journalist and politician who served as the minister of interior from 1936 to 1937. He left Spain following the civil war for Mexico. In 1946 he settled in Paris, France.

## Early life and education

Galarza was born in Madrid on 4 November 1892. His father was an engineer and politician, Ángel Galarza Vidal (1856-1940).
Galarza received a degree in law from the University of Madrid in 1919. He also obtained a PhD in 1921.

## Career

In June 1919 Galarza became a member of the Madrid Socialist Association which was attached to the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party. In 1920 he began to work for the newspaper El Sol and later, for La Voz. Galarza joined a Madrid-based freemason organization. Next year he was arrested for his participation in the opposition movement in Murcia against the dictatorship of Miguel Primo de Rivera. In the prison he met with Marcelino Domingo, Álvaro de Albornoz and Benito Artigas, with whom he established the Radical Socialist Republican Party in 1929. Due to his participation in the pro-republican movement in December 1930 he was again arrested and released from the prison in April 1931. He was elected as a deputy representing the Zamora province in June 1931 for the Radical Socialist Republican Party. When a provisional government was established during the Second Republic he was appointed first prosecutor of the Supreme Court and then, director general of security. He also served as the attorney general during this period. Later he was named as the undersecretary of the minister of communications which he held between December 1931 and January 1933. During this period he launched two newspapers in Zamora, La Mañana and La Tarde.
In February 1932, he was expelled from the Radical Socialist Republican Party. He joined the Spanish Socialist Workers Party in 1933. He was elected as a deputy representing Zamora in the elections for the party in February 1936. During the civil war Francisco Largo Caballero formed a cabinet on 4 September 1936, and Galarza was appointed minister of interior. Galarza's term ended in May 1937. He was appointed member of the Court of Civil Responsibilities in October 1937 which he held until February 1938.

## Later years and death

Galarza exiled into Mexico at the end of the civil war and was dismissed from the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party in 1946. The same year he settled in France and died in Paris on 25 July 1966. In 2008 Galarza's membership to the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party was rehabilitated in the party congress held in July 2008.
# Funnel plot

A funnel plot is a graph designed to check for the existence of publication bias; funnel plots are commonly used in systematic reviews and meta-analyses. In the absence of publication bias, it assumes that studies with high precision will be plotted near the average, and studies with low precision will be spread evenly on both sides of the average, creating a roughly funnel-shaped distribution. Deviation from this shape can indicate publication bias.

## Quotation

Funnel plots, introduced by Light and Pillemer in 1984 and discussed in detail by Matthias Egger and colleagues, are useful adjuncts to meta-analyses. A funnel plot is a scatterplot of treatment effect against a measure of study precision. It is used primarily as a visual aid for detecting bias or systematic heterogeneity. A symmetric inverted funnel shape arises from a ‘well-behaved’ data set, in which publication bias is unlikely. An asymmetric funnel indicates a relationship between treatment effect estimate and study precision. This suggests the possibility of either publication bias or a systematic difference between studies of higher and lower precision (typically ‘small study effects’). Asymmetry can also arise from use of an inappropriate effect measure. Whatever the cause, an asymmetric funnel plot leads to doubts over the appropriateness of a simple meta-analysis and suggests that there needs to be investigation of possible causes.
A variety of choices of measures of ‘study precision’ is available, including total sample size, standard error of the treatment effect, and inverse variance of the treatment effect (weight). Sterne and Egger have compared these with others, and conclude that the standard error is to be recommended. When the standard error is used, straight lines may be drawn to define a region within which 95% of points might lie in the absence of both heterogeneity and publication bias.
In common with confidence interval plots, funnel plots are conventionally drawn with the treatment effect measure on the horizontal axis, so that study precision appears on the vertical axis, breaking with the general rule. Since funnel plots are principally visual aids for detecting asymmetry along the treatment effect axis, this makes them considerably easier to interpret.

## Criticism

The funnel plot is not without problems. If high-precision studies are different from low-precision studies with respect to effect size (e.g., due to different populations examined) a funnel plot may give a wrong impression of publication bias. The appearance of the funnel plot can change quite dramatically depending on the scale on the y-axis — whether it is the inverse square error or the trial size. Researchers have a poor ability to visually discern publication bias from funnel plots.
# Lorenzo Pinzauti

Lorenzo Pinzauti (born 9 September 1994) is an Italian professional footballer who plays as a forward for Serie D club Pistoiese.

## Career

Born in Fiesole, Pinzauti started his career in Jolly Montemurlo on Serie D. He played four seasons in Serie D.
On 31 January 2017, he signed with Serie C club Tuttocuoio. He made his professional debut on 19 February against Carrarese.
For the 2017–18 season, he joined to Pontedera in Serie C, he played two years in the club.
On 17 July 2019, he signed with Teramo. He was loaned to Novara on 30 August 2019.
On 17 August 2021, he moved to Pistoiese.
On 8 July 2022, Pinzauti joined Lecco on a two-year contract. He contributed to Lecco's promotion to Serie B and made his debut in the second tier in the summer of 2023. On 18 January 2024, he moved on loan to Renate. His Lecco contract was terminated on 30 August 2024.