OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Mikša Pelegrinović

Mikša Pelegrinović (or Michiele Pelegrinovich) (c. 1500 – 26 December 1562) was a Croatian poet.

## Biography

Pelegrinović was born around the year 1500 in the town of Hvar on the island of the same name. He came from a noble family originating in the Apulian town of Barletta and was a son of Marijan and Nikolica. He attended a humanist school in his town of birth and he studied law in Padua.
In 1530, as a lesser nobleman he accepted the responsibilities of a Hvar defensor. In the same year, he became a Korčulan Notary and, at the end of 1538, he made his return to Hvar. On 5 February 1548, Pelegrinović was elected as a chancellor in the Zadar council. He travelled twice to Venice, in 1556 and 1557, probably to publish Jeđupka or his other works. It was at that time that he met Livija Martinušević, whom he married in 1558 and with whom he had a daughter, Julija, and a son, Julije.
He lived in Zadar until his death. Two days prior to his death, he dictated his Last Will before a notary.

## Literary works

Pelegrinović's literary work is not very well known. It is certain that in 1527 he composed a miscellany of carnival songs, Jeđupka, and in 1556 he wrote an epistle addressed to the Ragusan poet Sabo Bobaljević, written in octosyllabic quatrains with a comical theme on curing old-age (Od jazavac vitno rebro, / i od hrta lijeve desni, / od komarca hrbat desni, / i sve stuci u prah dobro). However, from the preserved writings of his contemporaries (Nikola Nalješković, Mavro Vetranović, Petar Hektorović etc.) we know that Pelegrinović had written much more literary material.
In 1525, the historian Vinko Pribojević mentioned Pelegrinović in his speech on the origin of Croats, when speaking of famous poets. Petar Hektorović dedicated to Pelegrinović in 1528 his translation of Ovid's Remedia Amoris (Od lika ljubenoga).

## Works (editions)

* Pjesme Nikole Nalješkovića, Andrije Čubranovića, Miše Pelegrinovića i Saba Mišetića Bobaljevića i Jegjupka neznana pjesnika (biographies written by Luka Zore and Franjo Rački; text for printing edited by Sebastijan Žepić), JAZU, Stari pisci hrvatski, book VIII., Zagreb, 1876
* Mikša Pelegrinović: "Jejupka", Mogućnosti, XX., 1973, pp. 781–808
* Počinje Jejupka gospodina Miše Pelegrinovića vlastelina hvarskoga, Mogućnosti, XXI., 1974, pp. 684–710
# Paolo Ivani

Paolo Ivani (born 12 January 1997) is an Albanian professional footballer who plays as a striker for Albanian club Devolli and the Albania national under-19 football team.
# Harinder Singh Giani

Harinder Singh Giani (born 2 September 1938 at Gujranwala and died 9 February 2007 at Chandigarh) was an eminent jurist, who practiced at the bar of the Punjab and Haryana High Court at Chandigarh for over 42 years. He was the Senior Central Government Standing Counsel in the mid-nineties. He was also a member of the committee set up to draft a new constitution for the Diwan.
He was the grandson of Pratap Singh Giani, the eminent Sikh scholar and calligrapher. He was the son of Kartar Singh Gyani, a judge of the Sikh Gurudwara Judicial Commission, Amritsar.
He remained the president of the Local Committee, Chandigarh of the Chief Khalsa Diwan for over a decade and dedicated a large part of his spare time for it and for the Guru Harkrishan Public School, Chandigarh.
# Heidi Neururer

Heidi Neururer (born 5 January 1979) is a professional snowboarder from Austria. Her speciality is the Parallel (Giant) Slalom.

## Career highlights
### FIS World Snowboard Championships

    2003 – Kreischberg, 15th at parallel giant slalom
    2003 – Kreischberg, 19th at parallel slalom
    2005 – Whistler, 2nd at parallel slalom
    2007 – Arosa, 1st at parallel slalom
    2007 – Arosa, 27th at parallel giant slalom

### World Cup

    2001 – Ischgl, 3rd at parallel giant slalom
    2002 – Whistler, 3rd at parallel slalom
    2002 – Stoneham, 3rd at parallel giant slalom
    2003 – Arosa, 3rd at parallel giant slalom
    2005 – Maribor, 3rd at parallel giant slalom
    2005 – Sierra Nevada, 2nd at parallel slalom
    2006 – Landgraaf, 3rd at parallel slalom
    2006 – Bad Gastein (1), 3rd at parallel slalom
    2006 – Bad Gastein (2), 2nd at parallel slalom
    2007 – Nendaz, 2nd at parallel slalom
    2007 – Bardonecchia, 2nd at parallel giant slalom
    2007 – Shukolovo, 1st at parallel slalom
    2007 – Landgraaf, 2nd at parallel slalom
    2007 – Sölden, 2nd at parallel giant slalom
    2007 – Limone Piemonte, 1st at parallel giant slalom
    2007 – Nendaz, 2nd at parallel slalom
    2007 – La Molina, 1st at parallel slalom

### European Cup

    2002 – Kranjska Gora, 3rd at parallel giant slalom

### National Championships

    2003 – Mariapfarr/Fanningsberg, 1st at parallel giant slalom
    2003 – Mariapfarr/Fanningsberg, 3rd at parallel slalom
    2004 – Bad Gastein, 1st at parallel giant slalom
    2005 – Kreischberg, 3rd at parallel giant slalom
    2007 – Haus im Ennstal, 3rd at parallel slalom
# Neglected Aspects of Sufi Study

Neglected Aspects of Sufi Study is a book by the writer Idries Shah, published by Octagon Press in 1977. A later edition was published in 2002.
Shortly before he died, Shah stated that his books form a complete course that could fulfil the function he had fulfilled while alive. As such, Neglected Aspects of Sufi Study can be read as part of a whole course of study.

## Content

Based on university lectures at the New School for Social Research (New York), as well as the University of California (San Francisco), Neglected Aspects of Sufi Study deals with many of the problems of Sufic methods of study and those which militate against its effective progress in the modern world; notably the unrecognised assumptions which we make about ourselves, and about learning and its process.

## Reception

Neglected Aspects of Sufi Study was favourably received, the Books and Bookmen review commented that; "It elaborates points found difficult in our culture because of sets of mind." Asian Affairs wrote that it "contains serious warnings about the dangers of facile cult-formation", while the Psychology Today review described the book as "an extraordinarily effective learning tool."
# The Pleasantries of the Incredible Mulla Nasrudin

The Pleasantries of the Incredible Mullah Nasrudin is a book by the writer Idries Shah, based on lectures he delivered at the University of Geneva as Visiting Professor in 1972–73. The book is a collection of tales, none more than two pages and almost all less than a page long, about the folkloric character Mulla Nasrudin. Published by Octagon Press in 1968, it was re-released in paperback, ebook and audiobook editions by The Idries Shah Foundation in 2015.

## Content

Part of a series of books, The Pleasantries of the Incredible Mulla Nasrudin is a collection of teaching stories, anecdotes and jokes drawn from Middle Eastern folklore and the Sufi mystical tradition, which feature the populist Middle Eastern philosopher and wise fool, Mulla Nasrudin.
Thousands of stories have been written around this popular folk character over the centuries, since his purported birth in the 13th century.

## Reception

Douglas Hill, Literary Editor of the socialist Tribune weekly magazine, wrote in 1969 that The Pleasantries of the Incredible Mulla Nasrudin contained “a great deal of timeless and universal wisdom made accessible and highly attractive with humour”, adding that “conventional responses and received frames of mind are challenged on every page.”
In The New York Times, future Nobel Literature laureate Doris Lessing called The Pleasantries of the Incredible Mulla Nasrudin "perhaps the most shocking to our assumptions about ‘mysticism’” of Shah's books at the time. She said that this corpus of Nasrudin “jokes” was “deliberately created to inculcate Sufic thinking, to outwit The Old Villain, which is a name for the patterns of conditioned thinking which form the prison in which we all live."
In an earlier review in The Observer, Lessing said that most of the jokes in the book were new to the West while others could also be found in the written work of Sufis like Rumi, Attar and Jami. She said that "[Nasrudin's] antics are parallels of the mind's workings, designed to amuse the teahouses, but also for use on other levels". As an example she refers to their use at an international scientific conference to illustrate problems in physics that were otherwise difficult or impossible to verbalise.

## Collections of Mulla Nasrudin stories

* The Exploits of the Incomparable Mulla Nasrudin ISBN 0-86304-022-5 (1966, 2015)
* The Pleasantries of the Incredible Mulla Nasrudin ISBN 0-86304-023-3 (1968, 2015)
* The Subtleties of the Inimitable Mulla Nasrudin ISBN 0-86304-021-7 (1973)
Note: ISBNs refer to the original paperback editions, published by Octagon Press. For current ISBNs, see The Idries Shah Foundation.
# Patrycja Piechowiak

Patrycja Piechowiak (born 1 September 1992) is a Polish weightlifter. She competed in the women's 69 kg event at the 2016 Summer Olympics.
# Morelía Airport

Morelía Airport (IATA: MSK, ICAO: SKMO) is an airport serving the Morelía oil field and production facility 93 kilometres (58 mi) southeast of Puerto Gaitán in the Meta Department of Colombia.
# Chessie (band)

Chessie is an American experimental music group consisting of Stephen Gardner and Ben Bailes.
Gardner started Chessie in 1994, while he was a member of the Washington, D.C. post-rock band Lorelei. His first full-length as Chessie, Signal Series, was issued in 1998 and was named Best Dance and DJ Album that year by Amazon.com. In 2000 Gardner was joined by Bailes and they have since worked as a duo. While Overnight received critical acclaim and a spot on a New York Times music critic's best-of-2001 list, a follow-up record did not materialize until 2008, when the group released Manifest on Plug Research. The repetitive nature of their music is inspired by trains and railroads.
In 2022, Gardner became president and CEO of Amtrak.

## Musical style

Reviewing Signal Series, M. Tye Comer of CMJ New Music Monthly considered Chessie a product of the closing gap between post-rock and experimental electronica in the late 1990s. He noted that the album was a sound collage with raw loops and influences from dub music and drum and bass.

## Discography
### Albums

* Signal Series (Drop Beat Records, 1998)
* Meet (Drop Beat, 1999)
* Overnight (Plug Research, 2001)
* Manifest (Plug Research, 2008)

### EPs and collaborations

* Approach Limited 7", 1996
* Lost, Not Found 10", 2000
* Alpha-Arvonia DVD&CD (with Colby Caldwell), 2004
* Suburban Shore (as Camping, with Henning Fritzenwalder), 2004
* Dual Mode EP, 2006
# Phyllodiscus

Phyllodiscus is a monotypic genus of sea anemones in the family Aliciidae. The only species is Phyllodiscus semoni, commonly known as the night anemone, which is native to shallow seas in the central Indo-West Pacific, such as Indonesia, the Philippines and southern Japan. It is venomous and can cause a painful, long-lasting sting to humans. It is called unbachi-isoginchaku in Japanese which translates as "wasp-sea anemone".

## Description

Phyllodiscus semoni has a broad basal disc attached to the substrate. The lower portion of the column is smooth and the middle section has a radially arranged series of pseudo-tentacles, thick, stalked and branched outgrowths which show great variety in their appearance between different individuals. There are a number of hemispherical vesicles on the branches, and occasionally on the stalks. These contain nematocysts containing short and long-shafted stinging threads. The upper section of the column is short and smooth with a few nematocysts. The oral disc has a marginal ring of up to 160 long tentacles, two siphonoglyphs (feeding grooves) and a central mouth.

## Behaviour

There are a range of different morphotypes of this sea anemone. Some are smooth discs, some are similar to branching corals and others to dead coral rock covered by algae, resembling these models not only in shape, but also in colour. Some individuals are solitary and others form aggregations of similar morphotypes. The aggregations include a range of different-sized individuals and are likely to be clones formed by asexual reproduction, possibly by fragmentation when the sea anemone moves across the substrate. The different morphotypes show great resemblance to corals, algae and other objects in the environment and the sea anemone seems to use camouflage, mimicry and masquerade to blend itself into its surroundings, deceive potential prey and confuse potential predators.
Phyllodiscus semoni is a zooxanthellate species of sea anemone, housing symbiotic photosynthetic dinoflagellates within its tissues. These are concentrated in the pseudotentacles which are spread out widely during the day to maximise their exposure to the light. At the same time the oral disc, mouth, and tentacles are retracted into the interior of the animal and it is not apparent that it is a sea anemone at all. At night the oral disc emerges and the tentacles expand to feed on zooplankton and small invertebrates.

## Venom

This sea anemone is venomous and its stings can cause painful injuries to humans, and on rare occasions can result in acute kidney damage. The toxin has been shown to kill the shrimp Palaemon paucidens and cause haemolysis in sheep red blood cells. Human contact with Phyllodiscus semoni can cause a severe dermatitis with ulceration and swelling of the affected part which may persist for months. Several haemolytic toxins have been isolated from Phyllodiscus semoni and it is the first sea anemone whose venom has been shown to damage the kidneys and cause acute renal failure. The venom does not appear to affect other major organs.
# Amphianthus dohrnii

Amphianthus dohrnii, the sea fan anemone, is a species of sea anemone in the family Hormathiidae. It occurs in the northeastern Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea and grows on sea fans.

## Distribution and habitat

Amphianthus dohrnii is native to the northeastern Atlantic Ocean and the western end of the Mediterranean Sea. It is scarce on the west coast of Scotland but more plentiful in southwestern Britain and in the western and southern parts of Ireland. It is present on the west coast of France and the westernmost parts of the Mediterranean at depths down to about 1,000 m (3,281 ft). It tolerates both strong and weak currents and both plenty of, and little, wave action. It seems to grow exclusively on the stems of gorgonian corals, primarily the northern sea fan (Swiftia pallida) in the north of its range, and the pink sea fan (Eunicella verrucosa) in the south.

## Description

Amphianthus dohrnii is a small species, seldom exceeding 1 cm (0.4 in) in diameter, though the base, where it adheres to the substrate, may be up to 25 mm (1.0 in) long. It has about eighty short, tapering tentacles and is red, orange, pinkish or buff, with irregular translucent white markings.

## Biology

Reproduction is mostly by basal laceration, a form of asexual reproduction. The sea anemone crawls along a hard surface and pieces of tissue become detached and grow into new individuals. However, it is likely that sexual reproduction sometimes takes place, as otherwise this species would be unlikely to be so widely dispersed. Amphianthus dohrnii was at one time common in both the Mediterranean and the English Channel, but it seems now to be absent from the former and increasingly rare in the latter. In British waters, the sea fan Eunicella verrucosa has declined, possibly being damaged by dredging or in association with higher sea temperatures, and the already rare Amphianthus dohrnii has become scarcer.
# Exaiptasia

Exaiptasia is a genus of sea anemone in the family Aiptasiidae, native to shallow waters in the temperate western Atlantic Ocean, the Caribbean Sea and the Gulf of Mexico. It is monotypic with a single species, Exaiptasia diaphana, and commonly known as the brown anemone, glass anemone, pale anemone, or simply as Aiptasia.

## Description

Exaiptasia diaphana has a slender brownish or whitish translucent column up to 2.5 cm (1 in) long, girdled by two rows of slits through which acontia (threads armed with nematocysts) can protrude. The oral disc, up to 1 cm (0.4 in) wide, has a central mouth surrounded by a whorl of up to 96 variable-length tentacles; a few of these are extra long, the majority are fairly long and a few are short.

## Distribution and habitat

Exaiptasia diaphana is a common species of sea anemone occurring in the western Atlantic Ocean, round the coast of the United States from Maine to Florida, and throughout the Caribbean Sea and the Gulf of Mexico. It occurs in a range of habitats including shallow areas with hard substrates and mangrove swamps.

## Ecology

Exaiptasia diaphana is a zooxanthellate species and has a symbiotic relationship with dinoflagellates, single celled photosynthetic organisms which are incorporated into its tissues.
Exaiptasia diaphana is a fast growing species that can quickly cover underwater surfaces. It is preyed on by several nudibranchs, including Berghia coerulescens, Berghia stephanieae and Spurilla neapolitana. The nudibranchs tend to acquire the brownish colour of the zooxanthellae found in the sea anemone's tissues; they also incorporate the anemone's nematocysts into their bodies, which may serve a defensive function.

## Relationships with humans

Exaiptasia diaphana is easy to keep in the laboratory and is used as a model organism, when it can serve as a proxy for coral which is more difficult to maintain and research. It has been used in studying the details of the evolution and function of the little-understood processes involved in endosymbiosis. It is also susceptible to certain coral diseases and has been used as a surrogate model to study coral biology. Sea anemones exhibit great powers of regeneration; lost parts swiftly regrow and E. diaphana can be vivisected in the laboratory and then returned to the aquarium where it will heal. These very characteristics of hardiness and regeneration from parts render E. diaphana a pest in the marine reef aquarium.
The genome of this sea anemone has been sequenced.
# Georg Benoit

Georg Benoit (3 March 1868 – 20 October 1953) was a professor of mechanical engineering at the former TH Karlsruhe (today: Karlsruhe Institute of Technology).

## Life

Benoit was born in Wesel in 1868. He was raised in a Huguenot family. He studied mechanical engineering at the TH Charlottenburg. After working in the industry sector for a couple of years and serving as director of the Preußische Höhere Maschinenbauschule in Hagen, he was appointed to professorship for elevation and transport machines at the TH Karlsruhe in 1901. This professorship was newly established at that time. He retired in 1935. While being a professor in Karlsruhe, he was appointed to president in 1911/12 as well as in 1921/22. He died in Baden-Baden in 1953.

## Efforts

Benoit worked in the field of aerial lifts and wire rope technology. Under his direction, the first gondola lift providing continuous operation with multiple cabins was designed and built. This was mounted in the Black Forest on the Schauinsland mountain and inaugurated in the summer of 1930.

## Works

G. Benoit, R. Woernle (1915). Die Drahtseilfrage - Beanspruchung, Lebensdauer, Bemessung von Seilen, insbesondere von Aufzugseilen und ihre experimentelle Erforschung.
# Muhammad Eqbal Munib

Mohammad Eqbal Munib (Dari: محمد اقبال منیب; died in 2012) was a Hazara politician in Afghanistan and the former governor of Ghor. He had previously served as the governor of Sar-e Pol.
As governor of Sar-e Pol, Eqbal Munib survived two attempts on his life. One was on 24 April 2007, a "mine planted near a brook" which was remotely detonated by unidentified people as Munib's car passed by. The blast caused damage to the vehicle but no casualties. No one has claimed responsibility for the attack.
In May 2010 the provincial council of Ghor Province and some civil society organizations wrote a letter to President Hamid Karzai wherein they criticized the performance of Mohammad Eqbal Munib and asked for the dismissal of the governor. Following this, Governor Munib was dismissed by the president due to lack of professionalism.
On 14 July 2012, he was killed in a suicide blast during a wedding party in Samangan, Samangan Province.
# Carimañola

A carimañola is a Central and South American meat-pie in a torpedo-shaped yuca fritter, stuffed with cheese, seasoned ground meat or shredded chicken and fried. It is found in Colombia and Panama.
# Pietro Egidi

Pietro Egidi (6 December 1872 – 1 August 1929) was an Italian historian who specialized in Medieval history.

## Biography

Pietro Egidi was born in Viterbo and graduated in 1892 from the Università di Roma. He obtained numerous teaching positions in Italy. From 1904 to 1912, he taught at the Technical Institute of Naples. In 1912, he was docent extraordinary teaching modern history at the University of Messina. In 1915, he was appointed to teach the same at the University of Turin. He was a member of numerous Italian learned societies. He served as director of the prominent journal Rivista Storica Italiana from 1923 to 1929. He died suddenly in 1929, while on vacation in Courmayeur.
One of his pupils in Turin was Federico Chabod.

## Works

Among Egidi's works are:
* Codice diplomatico dei Saraceni di Lucera (Diplomatic Codicils of the Saracens of Lucera) (1917)
* I moti studenteschi di Torino nel gennaio 1821 (1922)
* Bibliographic guide to Medieval History (1922)
* Carlo I d'Angiò e l'abbazia di S. Maria della Vittoria presso Scurcola (Charles I d'Anjou and the Abbey of Santa Maria della Vittoria near Scurcola) (1910)
* La communitas Siciliae del 1282 (1915)
# The Lanes

50°49′16″N 0°08′24″W﻿ / ﻿50.821°N 0.140°W﻿ / 50.821; -0.140
The Lanes are a collection of narrow lanes in the city of Brighton and Hove, famous for their small shops (including several antique shops) and narrow alleyways.
The Lanes are commonly taken to be bounded by North Street to the north, Ship Street to the west and Prince Albert Street and the north side of Bartholomew Square to the south. The eastern boundary is less well-defined and can be considered either East Street or Market Street.
Meeting House Lane is one of the wider lanes which meets with the busy shopping road of North Street and eventually winds around to Market Street. The north end of Meeting House Lane meets North Street a few yards down the road from the southern end of North Laine which is not part of the Lanes.

## History

The area that is now the Lanes was part of the original settlement of Brighthelmstone, but they were built up during the late 18th century and were fully laid out by 1792 which was after the supposed benefits of sea water had been publicised by Dr Richard Russell of Lewes, but before the Prince Regent made Brighton one of his homes by developing the Royal Pavilion.
Unlike many of the other lanes in this oldest part of Brighton, Dukes Lane, which leads off of Duke Street, was a "reproduction street" constructed in 1979 and is relatively new.