OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# List of direct democracy parties

This is a list of political parties around the world who advocate for direct democracy. Not to be confused with parties that internally use direct democracy approaches.

## Americas

Brazil
* Green Party (Brazil)
* Socialism and Liberty Party
Canada
* None of the Above Direct Democracy Party
Chile
* Humanist Party
* Apruebo Dignidad (Coalition)
** Humanist Action
** Democratic Revolution
** Communist Party of Chile
** Social Green Regionalist Federation
** Christian Left of Chile
** Social Convergence
** Commons
** Unite Movement
** Common Force
United States
* United States Pirate Party
* Green Party (United States)
Uruguay
* Green Animalist Party
Venezuela
* Fatherland for All

## Asia

Israel
* Brit Olam (National Team)
Japan
* No Party to Support
* The Assembly to Energize Japan
* The Party to Protect the People from NHK
Iran
* Kurdistan Free Life Party
Syria
* Syrian National Democratic Alliance
* Democratic Union Party (Syria)
Iraq
* Kurdistan Democratic Solution Party
Pakistan
* Pakistan Green Party

## Europe

Austria
* The Greens – The Green Alternative
Croatia
* Law and Justice
* Workers' Front
* Zagreb is OURS
Czech Republic
* Dawn – National Coalition
* Freedom and Direct Democracy
* Public Affairs
Estonia
* Conservative People's Party of Estonia
* Estonian Greens
France
* Parti Pirate
Finland
* Change 2011
* Movement Now
Germany
* Democracy in Motion
* dieBasis
* Freie Wähler
Hungary
* Party of Internet Democracy
Iceland
* Left-Green Movement
* Humanist Party
Ireland
* Direct Democracy Ireland
Italy
* Five Star Movement
Netherlands
* More Direct Democracy
Spain
* Internet Party
* Partido Pirata
* Podemos
* Galicia
** Land Party
Greece
* Agricultural Livestock Party of Greece
* Ecologist Greens
Poland
* Kukiz'15
* Demokracja Bezpośrednia
Russia
* Party of Direct Democracy
Sweden
* Aktiv Demokrati
* Demoex (Democracy Experiment)
* Direktdemokraterna
* Libertarian Municipal People
Turkey
* Left Party
* Kurdistan Workers' Party
* Green Left Party
United Kingdom
* Communist Workers' Organisation

## Oceania

New Zealand
* Green Party of Aotearoa New Zealand
# Dongfang (surname)

Dongfang is a compound surname in China and also later spread into East Asia. Dongfang has two points of origin. One branch is said to be descended from the Fuxi clan, which originated in the east; the other is said to be descended from Dongfang Shuo, whose original family name was Zhang.
Dongfang is the 119th surname in Hundred Family Surnames.

## Notable people named Dongfang

* Dongfang Shuo, poet during the Han dynasty
* Dongfang Qiu, poet and historian during the Tang dynasty
* Dongfang Xian, scholar during the Tang dynasty
* Dongfang Bubai, fictional character from The Smiling, Proud Wanderer
# Lagoa Dourada

Lagoa Dourada is a Brazilian municipality located in the state of Minas Gerais.
It is the national capital of the Swiss roll, locally called rocambole.

## Geography

According to IBGE (2017), the municipality belongs to the Immediate Geographic Region of São João del-Rei, in the Intermediate Geographic Region of Barbacena.

### Ecclesiastical circumscription

The municipality is part of the Roman Catholic Diocese of São João del-Rei.

## Demography
### Population

In 2020, the estimated population was 13,063.
# Ayo Banjo

Ladipo Ayodeji Banjo, CON (2 May 1934 – 24 May 2024) was a Nigerian educational administrator and emeritus professor of English who was the Vice-Chancellor of the University of Ibadan, Nigeria. He also served as pro-chancellor of Ajayi Crowther University.

## Early life and education

Ayo Banjo was born on 2 May 1934 in Oyo, Colony and Protectorate of Nigeria (now in Oyo State, Nigeria) to Ayodele Banjo. He attended St. Andrews Anglican primary school and Christ Cathedral primary school in what is now Lagos state, Nigeria. He had his secondary education in Igbobi college likewise in the future Lagos State between 1947 and 1952. In 1966, he won the United States Department of State scholarship for an M.A. in linguistics at the University of California, Los Angeles, US. He further obtained a PhD in 1969 from the University of Ibadan, Nigeria.

## Career

Banjo began his career as a lecturer at the department of English language, University of Ibadan in 1966. He was appointed associate professor in 1973 and became a full professor in 1975 at the University of Ibadan, Nigeria. In 1981, he became the vice-chancellor of the University of Ibadan. He was appointed vice-chancellor of the University of Ibadan in 1984, a position he held till 1991. During this period, he was the chairman committee of vice-chancellor of Nigerian universities. He served as visiting professor for one year at the University of the West Indies at Cave Hill as well as visiting fellow at the University of Cambridge, England between 1993 and 1994. He was appointed the pro-chancellor of the University of Port Harcourt between 2000 and 2004. After his tenure he was appointed pro-chancellor of the University of Ilorin for two years (2005–2007). He also served as the incumbent pro-chancellor of Ajayi Crowther University.

## Death

Banjo died on 24 May 2024, aged 90.

## Awards and honours

* Justice of Peace (JP), Oyo State (1984)
* Commander of the Order of Niger, CON (2001)
* Literature honori causa, Port Harcourt (2005)
* Nigeria National Order of Merit, NNOM (2009)

## Membership in professional bodies

* President, Nigeria Academy of Letters (2000–2004)
* Fellow Nigeria Academy of Letters (2000–2004)
* Chairman, Sigma Foundation (2005–2010)
* Fellow of the Nigeria English Studies Association (2006)
# Hamdard Public College

Hamdard Public College (Bengali: হামদর্দ পাবলিক কলেজ), also known as HPC, is a private higher secondary educational institution located at Dhanmondi, Dhaka, Bangladesh. It was established in 2010.

## History

Hamdard Public College was founded in 2010 by Hakim Md Yusuf Haroon Bhuiyan, managing director and chief mutawalli (administrator) of the Hamdard Laboratories (Waqf), a charitable endowment.

## Achievements

In 2014, it placed 19th among colleges under the Board of Intermediate and Secondary Education, Dhaka, in Higher Secondary School Certificate (HSC) exam results. The college had a 100% pass rate in the HSC exams in 2015 and 2016.
In the 2011–12 academic year, out of a total of 93 students, 92 passed. 50 students get a GPA-5. From this batch, 19 students got a chance in different universities including Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka University, Rajshahi University of Engineering and Technology.
At the Dhaka Division "Bangladesh Botany Olympiad 2018", in competition with 20 other education institutions, the college captured 9 out of 10 prizes outright, and shared the tenth prize.

## Administration

The college is run by Hamdard University Bangladesh and is an affiliate of three educational institutions namely Hakim Saeed Eastern Medical College and Hospital, Hamdard Unani Medical College and Hospital, Raushan Jahan Eastern Medical College and Hospital.
# John Cathanach MacDonald, 4th of Dunnyveg

John Cathanach MacDonald, 4th of Dunnyveg (Scottish Gaelic: Seán Cathanach Mac Dhòmhnaill), Scottish-Gaelic lord, killed 1499.

## Biography

MacDonald was a son of John Mor MacDonald, 3rd of Dunnyveg and Sabina, daughter of Felim O'Neill of Clandeboy. John Mor was charged with treason and refused to surrender to King James IV of Scotland. With his father and three sons they were captured through the treachery of their kinsman, John MacIan of Ardnamurchan. MacDonald and his sons (John Mor, John Og, and Donald Balloch) were tried, convicted of treason and hung on the Boroughmuir (now Burgh Muir) in 1499. (A fourth son, Alexander, had fled to Ireland and thus became the next head of the lineage.)

## Family

By his wife, Cecelia, daughter of Robert Savage, Lord of the Ardes, they had the following children:
* Alexander, fled to Ireland, married Catherine, daughter of John Macdonald of Ardnamurchan, died in 1538 at Stirling, Scotland
* John Mor, executed in 1499 with his father.
* John Og, executed in 1499 with his father.
* Donald Balloch, executed in 1499 with his father.
* Angus Ileach, fled to Ireland.
* Agnes, who firstly married Donald Gallach MacDonald, 3rd of Sleat, had issue; and secondly married Torquil MacLeod of Lewes, had issue.
# World War I Memorial Stadium

World War I Memorial Stadium (previously Memorial Stadium) is a stadium in Manhattan, Kansas, United States. From its opening in 1922 until 1967 it was the home field of the Kansas State Wildcats football team, prior to the opening of Bill Snyder Family Football Stadium (known as KSU Stadium from 1968 to 2005). It was also used by Kansas State University for track and field.

## Stadium history

The stadium was built and named in tribute to Kansas State students who died in World War I. The west stands were built in 1922, and the stands on the east side of the stadium were completed two years later. Its general seating capacity was 17,500 people when completed, although attendance sometimes exceeded 20,000. The stadium was built at the location of Ahearn Field, and as late as 1938 the field was still known as Ahearn Field at Memorial Stadium.
The original plans for the stadium included an enclosed bowl, but the final phase of the stadium was never built.
In 2015–16, both sides of the stadium were renovated, with much of the seating bowl converted to gardens. The stadium was officially re-dedicated as "World War I Memorial Stadium" on April 21, 2017.

## Football history

The first game held at the stadium was on October 6, 1922, when only the west wing of the stadium was complete. Kansas State defeated Washburn University in that initial contest 47–0.
The east wing of the stadium opened for the 1924 season. Four years later in 1928, a two-story wooden press-box was added to the east wing. The upper level was for press, while the lower level featured boxes for distinguished alumni and guests.
A pre-World War II record crowd of 17,545 attended the Wildcats' game against #6 Oklahoma on November 11, 1939. Kansas State lost the game 13–10. After the war there were a handful of games where attendance exceeded 20,000, including a crowd of 23,822 to watch #18 Kansas State play #9 Oklahoma in 1953.
The first night college football game at Memorial Stadium was played on September 20, 1947. Oklahoma A&M defeated Kansas State by a score of 12–0.
Colorado defeated Kansas State 40-6 in stadium's last game November 18, 1967.

## Stadium today
### Athletic events

The stadium is still used for athletics. In 2002 the grass field was replaced with FieldTurf and the cinder track was replaced with a rubberized surface. The playing field is now painted for use by the school's club MCLA lacrosse team, soccer team, and is also used as the home pitch for the Rugby team, as well as the marching band's practice field.

### Other uses

In addition to the stadium's use for athletics, the areas underneath the stadium's seats are utilized for university offices and academic purposes. The East Stadium now houses the newly renovated Berney Family Welcome Center, while the West Stadium houses a newly built Purple Masque Theater.
Through the years, occasional concerts and band competitions have been held in the stadium.
# Voiced bilabial affricate

The voiced bilabial affricate ([b͡β] in IPA) is a rare affricate consonant that is initiated as a bilabial stop [b] and released as a voiced bilabial fricative [β]. It has not been reported to occur phonemically in any language.

## Features

Features of the voiced bilabial affricate:
* Its manner of articulation is affricate, which means it is produced by first stopping the airflow entirely, then allowing air flow through a constricted channel at the place of articulation, causing turbulence.
* Its place of articulation is bilabial, which means it is articulated with both lips.
* Its phonation is voiced, which means the vocal cords vibrate during the articulation.
* It is an oral consonant, which means air is allowed to escape through the mouth only.
* It is a central consonant, which means it is produced by directing the airstream along the center of the tongue, rather than to the sides.
* Its airstream mechanism is pulmonic, which means it is articulated by pushing air solely with the intercostal muscles and abdominal muscles, as in most sounds.

## Occurrence

| Language | Language | Word | IPA | Meaning | Notes |
| Banjun | Banjun | | | | |
| Dhao | Dhao | | | | |
| English | Broad Cockney | rub | [ˈɹ̠ɐˑb͡β] | 'rub' | Sporadic allophone of /b/. See English phonology |
| English | Received Pronunciation | rub | [ˈɹ̠ɐˑb͡β] | 'rub' | Rare allophone of /b/. See English phonology |
| English | Scouse | rub | [ˈɹ̠ʊˑb͡β] | 'rub' | Possible syllable-initial and word-final allophone of /b/. See English phonology |
| Shipibo | Shipibo | boko | [ˈb͡βo̽ko̽] | 'small intestine' | Possible realization of /β/. See Shipibo phonology. |
| Ngiti | Ngiti | abvɔ | [āb͡βɔ̄] | 'thorny vine' | Rarely [bβ] more commonly [b̪v] |
# Ministry of Strategic Industries of Ukraine

The Ministry of Strategic Industries of Ukraine (Ukrainian: Міністерство з питань стратегічних галузей промисловості) is a government ministry in Ukraine that was established on 22 July 2020.
Its first minister was Oleh Urusky who was appointed on 16 July 2020 (and who was also appointed Vice Prime Minister in the Shmyhal Government simultaneously).
Prime minister Denys Shmyhal stated (at a government meeting on 22 July 2020) that the a new ministry that will focus primarily on industrial development, as well as defense and high-tech industries.
According to minister Urusky (also stated on 22 July 2020) the ministry's goal is "sustainable development of strategic industries, job creation, increase budget revenues, regional development, will have a positive impact on the market environment."
The ministry looks to reform the State Defense Holding Ukroboronprom and split it into two "Defense Systems of Ukraine" (Ukrainian: Оборонні системи України) and "Avia-space Systems of Ukraine" (Ukrainian: Авіакосмічні системи України). It is expected that companies of the State Space Agency of Ukraine will join the organization as well.

## List of ministers

| Name of minister | Term of office | Term of office |
| Name of minister | Start | End |
| Oleh Uruskyi | 16 July 2020 | 3 November 2021 |
| Pavlo Riabikin | 4 November 2021 | 20 March 2023 |
| Oleksandr Kamyshin | 21 March 2023 | 4 September 2024 |
| Herman Smetanin | 5 September 2024 | Incumbent |
# Demarest Building

The Demarest Building was a four-story structure at 339 Fifth Avenue in Midtown Manhattan, New York City, designed by Renwick, Aspinwall & Russell and constructed for coachbuilder Aaron T. Demarest. An 1893 fire destroyed property in the building, which was later used for other purposes.

## Description

The Demarest Building is located on the northeast corner of Fifth Avenue and 33rd Street in Midtown Manhattan, just east of the Empire State Building and across the street from the Hotel Waldorf. The building has been compared stylistically to Carnegie Hall. The building was designed in a modified Beaux Arts style.

## History

A July 26, 1893 fire destroyed property at the building. It was originally used as a showroom for luxury horse carriages. The world's first electric elevator was installed there. It was thereafter fragmented into retail units. The building was later converted to other uses.
By 2015, developer Pi Capital Partners planned to replace the building and neighboring structures with a new residential tower. In 2019, Pi Capital filed plans for a 26-story mixed-use development on the site of the Demarest Building, with 82 apartments. This prompted preservationists and groups, including the Greenwich Village Society for Historic Preservation, to petition the New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission (LPC) to designate the building as an official city landmark, thereby protecting it from demolition. The LPC expressed concern that the building's exterior had been altered too frequently throughout its history and the old building was not saved. As of 2021, it is being replaced by a 21-story, 82-unit mixed-use building with commercial space at the base and up to five residential units on each floor.
"Unfortunately, despite all its history, the Landmarks Preservation Commission determined that the structure had undergone too many alterations throughout its life to qualify for any sort of designation." Demolition commenced in 2022.
# Åh, Amadeus

"Åh, Amadeus" is a song written by Freddie Hansson and Peo Thyrén, and recorded by Lena Philipsson at her 1986 debut album "Kärleken är evig" This version peaked at Svensktoppen between 1 June-28 September 1986 and peaked at 7th position during a visit lasting for nine weeks. The song was also recorded by Uzbekistani singer Leyla Norgren and released as a single the same year.
The song's lyrics repeatedly invoke the help of Mozart in regaining the singer's lost love. In the refrain, the singer expresses her wish to have the "magic flute's magic" ("trollflöjtens magi"), a reference to Mozart's opera The Magic Flute (The opera's title in Swedish is Trollflöjten.)
# Chef de cuisine

A chef de cuisine (French pronunciation:, French for head of kitchen) or head chef is a chef that leads a kitchen and its cooks. A chef patron (feminine form chef patronne) (French for boss chef) or executive chef is a chef that manages multiple kitchens and their staff.

## Function

The chef de cuisine is in charge of all activities related to the kitchen, which usually includes creating menus, managing kitchen staff, ordering and purchasing stock and equipment, plating design, enforcing nutrition, safety, and sanitation, and ensuring the quality of the meals that are served in the restaurant. Chef de cuisine is the traditional French term, meaning "chief of the kitchen" or "kitchen manager", from which the English word chef is derived.
Head chef is often used to designate someone with the same duties as an executive chef, but in larger restaurants there is usually someone in charge of a head chef such as a general manager who makes executive decisions such as the direction of the menu, has final authority regarding staff hiring and management decisions, and sets the overall tone and style of the restaurant. This is often the case for executive chefs who are in charge of several restaurants. In many restaurants, executive chef or chef de cuisine will have a line-up/pre-shift (meetings with front of house (FOH) and back of house (BOH)) in order to prepare for the service and answer questions about the menu.
In some food operations, the executive chef may assist in designing the menu, dining room and kitchen. He or she may also work with food purveyors, catering directors, equipment vendors, financial consultants, the media, sanitation inspectors and dietitians.
An executive chef generally does not partake in food preparation or catering of patrons. Despite the title containing the word chef it is uncommon for executive chefs to cook and be in a kitchen.
# Percy Alan Farrer Manby

Percy Alan Farrer Manby (1877 – 6 May 1940) was a British barrister and Supreme Court judge in British Malaya and British Guiana.

## Early life and education

Percy Alan Farrer Manby was born in 1877, the only son of Sir Alan Manby. He was educated at Charterhouse School and Trinity Hall, Cambridge where he received his BA in 1898. In 1902, he was called to the bar of the Inner Temple.

## Career

After working as a barrister on the south-eastern circuit, in 1909, he went to Georgetown, British Guiana where he took up the appointment of stipendiary magistrate before later becoming puisne judge of the Supreme Court. In 1915, he transferred to Malaya as judge of the Supreme Court of the Straits Settlements and the Federated Malay States. In 1920, 1921, and 1923, he acted as Chief Judicial Commissioner of the Federated Malay States, and in 1925, 1926 and 1928, he acted as Chief Justice of the Federated Malay States. He retired in 1931.

## Personal life and death

In 1915, he married Lilian Leeder and they had a daughter.
He died on 6 May 1940 in Lymington, Hampshire at the age of 62. At the inquest, a verdict of suicide was returned.
# Craig

Craig may refer to:

## People and fictional characters

* Craig (surname), including a list of people and fictional characters
* Craig (given name), including a list of people and fictional characters
* Clan Craig, a Scottish clan

## Places
### United States

* Craig, Alaska, a city
* Craig, Colorado, a city
* Craig, Iowa, a city
* Craig, Missouri, a city
* Craig, Montana, an unincorporated place
* Craig, Nebraska, a village
* Craig, Ohio, an unincorporated community
* Craig County, Oklahoma
* Craig County, Virginia
* Craig Township, Switzerland County, Indiana
* Craig Township, Burt County, Nebraska
* Mount Craig (Colorado)
* Mount Craig (North Carolina)
* Craig Mountain, Oregon
* Craig Field (airport), a public airport near Selma, Alabama, formerly:
** Craig Air Force Base, a former United States Air Force base
* Craig Hospital, a neurorehabilitation and research hospital in Englewood, Colorado, United States
* Fort Craig, a United States Army fort in New Mexico
* The Craig School, an independent, private coeducational day school in Mountain Lakes and Montville, New Jersey, United States
* Craig Road (Las Vegas), Nevada

### Canada

* Mount Craig (Yukon), Canada
* Chemin Craig, a historical road in Quebec, Canada

### Other

* Port Craig, Fiordland, Southland, New Zealand; a former logging town
* Craig Road (Singapore)

## Groups, organizations

* Craig Electronics, a consumer electronics company
* Craig Wireless, a defunct Canadian media and communication company

## Other uses

* Craig (landform), a rocky hill or mountain often having large chasms or sharp indentations
* "Craig" (song)
* Craig tube, a piece of scientific apparatus
# New Left in France

The New Left (French: Nouvelle Gauche) in France was an organized caucus in the French Socialist Party. It was founded in 1993 by Benoît Hamon and Jean-Patrick Gille within the PS' youth movement, the MJS. It was considered close to Michel Rocard and often cited to be the Christian left of the party. There is close relationship between the New Left movement in France and around the world.
The New Left became an integral part of the New Socialist Party.
# Trio Music, Live in Europe

Trio Music, Live in Europe is a live album by American jazz pianist Chick Corea recorded in Switzerland in September 1984 and released on ECM in October 1986. The trio features rhythm section Miroslav Vitouš and Roy Haynes.

## Reception

The AllMusic review by Michael G. Nastos awarded the album 4 stars stating "Close to perfect, undeniably strong, willful, and musical beyond compare, Trio Music, Live in Europe belongs in your collection, and is simply as good as modern progressive mainstream jazz gets."
Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| The Penguin Guide to Jazz | |

## Track listing

    All compositions by Chick Corea except as indicated
* "The Loop" - 6:29
* "I Hear a Rhapsody" (Jack Baker, George Fragos, Dick Gasparre)- 6:40
* "Summer Night / Night and Day" (Al Dubin, Harry Warren / Cole Porter) - 14:23
* "Prelude No. 2 / Mock Up" (Alexander Scriabin / Corea) - 12:19
* "Transformation" (Miroslav Vitouš) - 5:09
* "Hittin' It" (Roy Haynes) - 5:19
* "Mirovisions" (Vitouš) - 11:30

## Personnel

* Chick Corea – piano
* Miroslav Vitouš – bass
* Roy Haynes – drums