# Province of Livorno

The province of Livorno (Italian: provincia di Livorno) or, traditionally, province of Leghorn, is a province in the Tuscany region of Italy. It includes several islands of the Tuscan Archipelago, including Elba and Capraia. Its capital is the city of Livorno. When formed in 1861, the province included only Livorno and Elba Island. It was extended in 1925 with land from the provinces of Pisa and Genoa. It has an area of 1,211 square kilometres (468 sq mi) and a total population of 343,003 (2012). The province contains 19 comuni (sg.: comune). The coastline of the area is known as "Costa degli Etruschi" (English: "Etruscan Coast").
The province of Livorno is coastal and contains a number of coastal towns. Livorno is a highly important port for tourism and trading, and a number of watchtowers are located nearby the city. At Calafuria, the sea contains sponges, shellfish, fish, and protected red coral (Corallium rubrum). The coastlines of Quercianella and Castiglioncello are rocky. The waters around the province of Livorno sometimes contain dolphins. The town Marina di Bibbona was initially founded as a fort due to its strategic coastal position. Town San Vincenzo contains a fourteenth-century tower for strategic reasons. The sand of Golfo di Baratti is silver and black due to its high iron concentration, and the area contains an archaeological park.

## Subdivisions
### Comuni

The province is subdivided into 19 comuni (sg.: comune). This is the complete list of comuni (municipalities) in the province of Livorno:
* Bibbona
* Campiglia Marittima
* Campo nell'Elba
* Capoliveri
* Capraia Isola
* Castagneto Carducci
* Cecina
* Collesalvetti
* Livorno
* Marciana
* Marciana Marina
* Piombino
* Porto Azzurro
* Portoferraio
* Rio
* Rosignano Marittimo
* San Vincenzo
* Sassetta
* Suvereto
At 30 April 2014, the main comuni by population are:
| Comune | Population |
| Livorno | 160,512 |
| Piombino | 35,075 |
| Rosignano Marittimo | 32,493 |
| Cecina | 28,566 |
| Collesalvetti | 16,907 |
| Campiglia Marittima | 13,320 |
| Portoferraio | 12,224 |
| Castagneto Carducci | 8,927 |
| San Vincenzo | 7,003 |

## Government
### List of presidents of the province of Livorno

| | President | Term start | Term end | Party |
| 1 | Giorgio Stoppa | 1951 | 1956 | Italian Communist Party |
| 2 | Guido Torrigiani | 1956 | 1964 | Italian Socialist Party |
| 3 | Silvano Filippelli | 1964 | 1970 | Italian Communist Party |
| 4 | Valdo Del Lucchese | 1970 | 1972 | Italian Socialist Party of Proletarian Unity |
| 5 | Alì Nannipieri | 1972 | 1975 | Italian Communist Party |
| 6 | Fernando Barbiero | 1975 | 1980 | Italian Socialist Party |
| 7 | Emanuele Cocchella | 1980 | 1985 | Italian Communist Party |
| 8 | Fabio Baldassarri | 1985 | 1990 | Italian Communist Party |
| 9 | Iginio Marianelli | 1990 | 1994 | Italian Socialist Party |
| 10 | Claudio Frontera | 1995 | 1999 | Independent (centre-left) |
| 10 | Claudio Frontera | 1999 | 2004 | Independent (centre-left) |
| 11 | Giorgio Kutufà | 2004 | 2009 | The Daisy Democratic Party |
| 11 | Giorgio Kutufà | 2009 | 2014 | The Daisy Democratic Party |
| 12 | Alessandro Franchi | 2014 | 2018 | Democratic Party |
| 13 | Maria Ida Bessi | 2018 | Incumbent | Independent (centre-left) |