# List of communist parties in Nepal

The Communist Party of Nepal is a name used by a number of Nepalese political parties claiming allegiance to communism. Most trace their roots back to the original Communist Party of Nepal formed in 1949.

## Active parties
### National parties

| Political party | Leader | Founded | Federal Parliament | Federal Parliament | Provincial Assemblies | Local government | Notes |
| Political party | Leader | Founded | Pratinidhi Sabha | Rastriya Sabha | Provincial Assemblies | Local government | Notes |
| Communist Party of Nepal (UML) | Khadga Prasad Oli | 1991 | 78 / 275 | 17 / 59 | 161 / 550 | 11,929 / 35,097 | Formed through merger of CPN (Marxist) and CPN (Marxist–Leninist) Re-founded after split of Nepal Communist Party |
| Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist Centre) | Pushpa Kamal Dahal | 1994 | 32 / 275 | 16 / 59 | 83 / 550 | 5,045 / 35,097 | Split from CPN (Unity Centre) Re-founded after split of Nepal Communist Party |

### Other parliamentary parties

| Name | Leader | Founded | Federal Parliament | Federal Parliament | Provincial Assemblies | Local government | Notes |
| Name | Leader | Founded | Pratinidhi Sabha | Rastriya Sabha | Provincial Assemblies | Local government | Notes |
| Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Socialist) | Madhav Kumar Nepal | 2021 | 10 / 275 | 8 / 59 | 24 / 550 | 987 / 35,097 | Split from CPN (UML) |
| Rastriya Janamorcha | Chitra Bahadur K.C. | 2006 | 1 / 275 | 1 / 59 | 1 / 550 | 159 / 35,097 | Split from Janamorcha Nepal Electoral front of CPN (Masal) |
| Nepal Majdoor Kisan Party | Narayan Man Bijukchhe | 1975 | 1 / 275 | | 3 / 550 | 85 / 35,057 | Split from the CPN (Pushpa Lal) Originally founded as Nepal Workers and Peasants Organization |

### Minor parties

| Name | Leader | Notes |
| Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist–Leninist) | Chandra Prakash Mainali | Split from the Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist-Leninist) |
| Communist Party of Nepal (Revolutionary Maoist) | Mohan Baidya | Split from the Unified Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist) |
| Communist Party of Nepal | Rishi kattel | Formed through a merger of the Communist Party of Nepal (Unified), the Communist Party of Nepal Marxist−Leninist (Samajbadi), the Communist Party of Nepal (United Marxist), the Marxist Communist Party of Nepal, Bidrohi ML and the Independent Thought Group |
| Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist–Leninist-Socialist) | Bishnu Raj Aryal | |
| Nepal Communist Party | Netra Bikram Chand | Split from the Communist Party of Nepal (Revolutionary Maoist) Not registered with the Election Commission of Nepal |
| Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist) | Ambika Prasad Baidya | |
| Communist Party of Nepal (Masal) | Mohan Bikram Singh | Split from the Communist Party of Nepal (Unity Centre-Masal) |
| Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist Centre) | Gopal Kirati | Split from the Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist Centre) |
| Patriotic People's Republican Front, Nepal | Chandra Prakash Gajurel | Electoral front of Communist Party of Nepal (Revolutionary Maoist) |
| Communist Party of Nepal (United) | Chandra Dev Joshi | Split from Communist Party of Nepal (United) |
| Scientific Socialist Communist Party, Nepal | Bishwabhakta Dulal | Split from Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist Centre) |
| Communist Party of Nepal Nationalist | Min Nath Devkota | |
| Maoist Communist Party, Nepal | Ram Narayan Prasad Pal | |
| Communist Party of Nepal Marxist (Pushpalal) | Man Dhoj Gurung | |
| Communist Party of Nepal (Democratic) | Sudeep Ruwali | |
| Communist Party of Nepal (Socialist) | Raju Karki | |
| Communist Party of Nepal (Gauravshali) | Bhaviswor Parajuli | |
| Communist Party of Nepal Maoist Socialist | Karna Jeet Bhudhathoki | |
| Communist Party of Nepal Unity National Campaign | Bamdev Gautam | Split from Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist–Leninist) |
| Communist Party of Nepal (Bolshevik) | | |

## Defunct parties

| Name | Foundation Year | Dissolution Year | Notes |
| Communist League | 1946 | | |
| Communist Party of Nepal | 1949 | 1962 | Split into Communist Party of Nepal (Amatya) and Communist Party of Nepal (Raymajhi) |
| Communist Party of Nepal (Amatya) | 1962 1992 | 1991 1994 | Split from Communist Party of Nepal Merged with Communist Party of Nepal (Burma) and Communist Party of Nepal (Democratic) to form Communist Party of Nepal (United) Split from Communist Party of Nepal (United) in 1992 to refound the party Merged into Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist) |
| Communist Party of Nepal (Burma) | 1962 1992 | 1991 2001 | Split from Communist Party of Nepal Originally founded as Communist Party of Nepal (Raymajhi) Renamed in 1983 as Communist Party of Nepal (Burma) Merged with Communist Party of Nepal (Amatya) and Communist Party of Nepal (Democratic) to form Communist Party of Nepal (United) Split from Communist Party of Nepal (United) in 1992 to refound the party Merged into Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist) |
| Communist Party of Nepal (Pushpa Lal) | 1968 | 1987 | Split from Communist Party of Nepal (Amatya) Merged with Communist Party of Nepal (Manmohan) to form Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist) |
| Nepal Revolutionary Organisation (Marxist–Leninist) | 1973 | 1975 | Founded All Nepal Communist Revolutionary Coordination Committee (Marxist-Leninist) |
| Communist Party of Nepal (Fourth Convention) | 1974 | 1990 | Split from Central Nucleus Merged with Communist Party of Nepal (Mashal) to form Communist Party of Nepal (Unity Centre) |
| Proletarian Revolutionary Organisation, Nepal | 1974 | 1978 | Split from Communist Party of Nepal (Pushpa Lal) Originally formed as Communist Unity Contact Forum Nepal Renamed to Proletarian Revolutionary Organization, Nepal in 1976 Merged into Nepal Workers and Peasants Organization |
| All Nepal Communist Revolutionary Coordination Committee (Marxist–Leninist) | 1975 | 1978 | Founded from Nepal Revolutionary Organization (Marxist-Leninist) Founded Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist-Leninist) |
| Mukti Morcha Samuha | 1976 | 1977 | Split from Communist Party of Nepal (Pushpa Lal) Merged into All Nepal Communist Revolutionary Coordination Committee (Marxist-Leninist) |
| Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist–Leninist) | 1978 | 1991 | Founded from All Nepal Communist Revolutionary Coordination Committee (Marxist-Leninist) Merged with Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist) to form Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist) |
| Communist Party of Nepal (Democratic) | 1979 | 1991 | Split from Communist Party of Nepal (Raymajhi) Originally founded as Communist Party of Nepal (Manandhar) Renamed to Communist Party of Nepal (Democratic) in 1991 Merged with Communist Party of Nepal (Burma) and Communist Party of Nepal (Amatya) to form Communist Party of Nepal (United) |
| Communist Party of Nepal (Manmohan) | 1979 | 1986 | Split from Central Nucleus Originally formed as Communist Party of Nepal (Unity Conference) Renamed to Communist Party of Nepal (Manmohan) in 1982 Merged with Communist Party of Nepal (Pushpa Lal) to form Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist) |
| Rebel Unity Centre | 1980 | 1981 | Split from Communist Party of Nepal (Fourth Convention) Merged into Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist-Leninist) |
| Proletarian Communist League | 1980 | 1983 | Split from Ati Gopyatabadi Group Formed Proletarian Workers Organization with a splinter group of Nepal Workers and Peasants Organization |
| Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist–Leninist–Maoist) | 1981 | 2005 | Originally founded as Nepal Marxist-Leninist Party Merged with Communist Party of Nepal (Malema) to form Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist-Leninist-Maoist Centre) |
| Nepal Workers and Peasants Organisation (Hareram Sharma) | 1981 | 1981 | Split from Nepal Workers and Peasants Organisation |
| Nepal Front | 1981 | | Split from Nepal Workers and Peasants Organization (Hareram Sharma) |
| Nepal Workers and Peasants Organisation (D.P. Singh) | 1981 | 1986 | Split from Nepal Workers and Peasants Organisation (Hareram Sharma) Merged into Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist-Leninist) |
| Communist Party of Nepal (Matri Samuha) | 1983 | 1984 | Split from Communist Party of Nepal (Burma) |
| Communist Party of Nepal (Masal) | 1983 | 2001 | Split from Communist Party of Nepal (Fourth Convention) Merged with Communist Party of Nepal (Unity Centre) to form Communist Party of Nepal (Unity Centre-Masal) |
| Communist Party of Nepal (Mashal) | 1984 | 1991 | Split from Communist Party of Nepal (Masal) Merged with Communist Party of Nepal (Fourth Convention) to form Communist Party of Nepal (Unity Centre) |
| Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist) | 1986 | 1991 | Founded through the merger of Communist Party of Nepal (Manmohan) and Communist Party of Nepal (Pushpa Lal) Merged with Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist-Leninist) to form Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist) |
| Communist Party of Nepal (Unity Centre) | 1991 | 2001 | Founded through the merger of Communist Party of Nepal (Mashal) and Communist Party of Nepal (Fourth Convention) Merged with Communist Party of Nepal (Masal) to form Communist Party of Nepal (Unity Centre-Masal) |
| Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist) | 1991 | 2005 | Split from Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist) Originally founded as Communist Party of Nepal (15 September 1949) Merged with Communist Party of Nepal (United) to form Communist Party of Nepal (United Marxist) |
| Communist Party of Nepal (United) | 1991 | 2005 | Founded through merger of Communist Party of Nepal (Burma), Communist Party of Nepal (Amatya) and Communist Party of Nepal (Democratic) Merged with Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist) to form Communist Party of Nepal (United Marxist) |
| Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist–Leninist) | 1991 | 2018 | Founded through merger of Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist) and Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist-Leninist) Merged with Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist Centre) to form Nepal Communist Party |
| Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist Centre) | 1994 | 2018 | Split from Communist Party of Nepal (Unity Centre) Originally founded as Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist) Renamed in 2008 as Unified Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist) Renamed in 2016 as Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist Centre) Merged with Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist) to form Nepal Communist Party |
| Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist–Leninist) | 1998 | 2002 | Split from Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist) Merged into Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist) |
| Communist Party of Nepal (Masal) | 1999 | 2009 | Split from Communist Party of Nepal (Masal) Merged with Communist Party of Nepal |
| Communist Party of Nepal (Malema) | 1999 | 2005 | Split from Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist-Leninist-Maoist) Merged with Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist-Leninist-Maoist) to form Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist-Leninist-Maoist Centre) |
| Communist Party of Nepal (Unity Centre–Masal) | 2002 | 2009 | Formed through merger of Communist Party of Nepal (Masal) and Communist Party of Nepal (Unity Centre) Merged into Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist) to form Unified Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist) |
| Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist–Leninist–Maoist Centre) | 2005 | 2007 | Formed through merger of Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist-Leninist-Maoist) and Communist Party of Nepal (Malema) Merged into Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist) |
| Communist Party of Nepal (United Marxist) | 2005 | 2013 | Formed through merger of Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist) and Communist Party of Nepal (United) Merged with Communist Party of Nepal (Unified), Communist Party of Nepal Marxist-Leninist (Socialist), Marxist Communist Party of Nepal, Birodhi Marxist-Leninist and Independent Thought Group to form Communist Party of Nepal |
| Communist Party of Nepal | 2006 | 2006 | Split from Communist Party of Nepal (Unity Centre-Masal) Merged into Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist) |
| Communist Party of Nepal (Unified) | 2007 | 2013 | Formed through merger of splinter groups of Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist-Leninist), Communist Party of Nepal (Unity Centre-Masal) and Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist-Leninist-Maoist Centre) Merged with Communist Party of Nepal (United Marxist), Communist Party of Nepal Marxist-Leninist (Socialist), Marxist Communist Party of Nepal, Birodhi Marxist-Leninist and Independent Thought Group to form Communist Party of Nepal |
| Communist Party of Nepal (United) | 2007 | 2017 | Split from Communist Party of Nepal (United Marxist) Merged into Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist Centre) |
| Revolutionary Left Wing | 2008 | | Split from Unified Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist) |
| Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist) | 2009 | 2016 | Split from Unified Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist) Merged with Unified Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist) to form Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist Centre) |
| Communist Party of Nepal Marxist−Leninist (Socialist) | 2010 | 2013 | Split from Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist-Leninist) Merged with Communist Party of Nepal (United Marxist), Communist Party of Nepal (Unified), Marxist Communist Party of Nepal, Birodhi Marxist-Leninist and Independent Thought Group to form Communist Party of Nepal |
| Communist Party of Nepal (United Marxist) | 2013 | 2017 | |
| Nepal Communist Party | 2019 | 2021 | Formed through merger of CPN (UML) and CPN (Maoist Centre) |
| Barre Sangarsh Samuha | | | Split from Communist Party of Nepal (Pushpa Lal) Merged into Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist-Leninist) |
| Central Nucleus | | | |
| Communist Party of Nepal (Janamukhi) | | | |
| Independent Thought Group | | | |
| Marxist Communist Party of Nepal | | | |
| Marxist–Leninist Revolutionary Communist Party | | | |
| Nepal Communist League | | | Split from Communist Party of Nepal (Manmohan) Merged into Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist) |
| Nepal Red Communist Party | | | Split from Communist League |
| Nepal Samyabadi Dal | | | |
| Rebel Marxist–Leninist | | | |
| Revolutionary Communist Organisation, Nepal | | 1980 | Merged into Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist-Leninist) |
| Revolutionary Communist Organising Committee | | 1978 | Merged into All Nepal Communist Revolutionary Coordination Committee (Marxist-Leninist) |
| Sandesh Samuha | | 1978 | Merged into All Nepal Communist Revolutionary Coordination Committee (Marxist-Leninist) |