# 19th United States Congress

The 19th United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from March 4, 1825, to March 4, 1827, during the first two years of John Quincy Adams's presidency. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the 1820 United States census. The Senate had a majority of Jackson Men, while the House had an Anti-Jackson (pro-Adams) majority.

## Major events

* March 4, 1825: John Quincy Adams inaugurated as President of the United States
* October 26, 1825: The Erie Canal opened, providing passage from Albany, New York, to Buffalo and Lake Erie.
* July 4, 1826: Both Thomas Jefferson and John Adams died on the 50th Anniversary of America's Independence

## Major legislation

* [data missing]

## Treaties signed

* November 7, 1825: Treaty of St. Louis: 1,400 Missouri Shawnees were forcibly relocated from Missouri to Kansas
* January 24, 1826: Treaty of Washington between the United States government and the Creek National Council, in which they ceded much of their land in Georgia

## Party summary

The count below identifies party affiliations at the beginning of the first session of this congress. Changes resulting from subsequent replacements are shown below in the "Changes in membership" section.

### Senate

* Senate membership
* Beginning of the Congress
* End of the Congress
| | Party (shading shows control) | Party (shading shows control) | Party (shading shows control) | Total | Vacant |
| | Anti- Jacksonian (A) | Jacksonian (J) | Other | Total | Vacant |
| End of previous congress | 16 | 12 | 20 | 48 | 0 |
| Begin | 20 | 25 | 0 | 45 | 3 |
| End | 22 | 26 | 0 | 48 | 0 |
| Final voting share | 45.8% | 54.2% | 0.0% | | |
| Beginning of next congress | 20 | 27 | 1 | 48 | 0 |

### House of Representatives

* House membership
* Beginning of the Congress
* End of the Congress
| | Party (shading shows control) | Party (shading shows control) | Party (shading shows control) | Total | Vacant |
| | Anti- Jacksonian (A) | Jacksonian (J) | Other | Total | Vacant |
| End of previous congress | 87 | 71 | 55 | 213 | 0 |
| Begin | 107 | 106 | 0 | 213 | 0 |
| End | 109 | 104 | 0 | 213 | 0 |
| Final voting share | 51.2% | 48.8% | 0.0% | | |
| Beginning of next congress | 102 | 110 | 0 | 212 | 1 |

## Leadership
### Senate

* President: John C. Calhoun (J)
* President pro tempore: John Gaillard (J), until December 4, 1825
** Nathaniel Macon (J), from May 20, 1826

### House of Representatives

* Speaker: John W. Taylor (A)

## Members

This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed by class and representatives are listed by district.
(J) following a name means the member was of the Jackson faction. (A) that the person was a member of the Adams (anti-Jackson) faction.
    Skip to House of Representatives, below

### Senate

Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election. In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term ended with this Congress, facing re-election in 1826/1827; Class 2 meant their term began in the last Congress, facing re-election in 1828/1829; and Class 3 meant their term began in this Congress, facing re-election in 1830/1831.

### House of Representatives
## Changes in membership

This count reflects changes from the beginning of the first session of this Congress.

### Senate

* Replacements: 7
** Anti-Jacksonian (A): 3-seat net gain
** Jacksonian (J): no net change
* Deaths: 4
* Resignations: 6
* Interim appointments: 4
* Total seats with changes: 13

### House of Representatives

* Replacements: 11
** Anti-Jackson: 1 seat net gain
** Jackson: 1 seat net loss
* Deaths: 5
* Resignations: 10
* Contested election: 1
* Total seats with changes: 16

## Committees

Lists of committees and their party leaders.

### Senate

* Agriculture (Chairman: William Findlay then Calvin Willey)
* Audit and Control the Contingent Expenses of the Senate (Chairman: Horatio Seymour then Elias Kane)
* Bankruptcy (Select)
* Claims (Chairman: Benjamin Ruggles)
* Commerce (Chairman: James Lloyd then Josiah S. Johnston)
* Debt Imprisonment Abolition (Select)
* Distributing Public Revenue Among the States (Select)
* District of Columbia (Chairman: Edward Lloyd then Ezekiel F. Chambers)
* Engrossed Bills (Chairman: William Marks)
* Finance (Chairman: Samuel Smith)
* Foreign Relations (Chairman: Nathaniel Macon then Littleton Tazewell)
* French Spoilations (Select)
* Georgia and the Creek Indians (Select)
* Indian Affairs (Chairman: Thomas Hart Benton)
* Judiciary (Chairman: Martin Van Buren)
* Manufactures (Chairman: Mahlon Dickerson)
* Military Affairs (Chairman: William Henry Harrison)
* Militia (Chairman: John Chandler)
* Naval Affairs (Chairman: Robert Y. Hayne)
* Pensions (Chairman: James Noble)
* Post Office and Post Roads (Chairman: Richard M. Johnson)
* Private Land Claims (Chairman: William South)
* Public Lands (Chairman: David Barton)
* Roads and Canals (Select) (Chairman: William Hendricks)
* Tariff Regulation (Select)
* Whole

### House of Representatives

* Accounts (Chairman: Samuel C. Allen)
* Agriculture (Chairman: Stephen Van Rensselaer)
* American Colonization Society (Select)
* Apportionment of Representatives (Select)
* Bills of Exchange (Select)
* Claims (Chairman: Lewis Williams)
* Commerce (Chairman: Thomas Newton Jr. then Gideon Tomlinson)
* District of Columbia (Chairman: Mark Alexander)
* Elections (Chairman: John Sloane)
* Expenditures in the Navy Department (Chairman: Jeremiah O'Brien)
* Expenditures in the Post Office Department (Chairman: William Wilson)
* Expenditures in the State Department (Chairman: John Bailey)
* Expenditures in the Treasury Department (Chairman: William Burleigh)
* Expenditures in the War Department (Chairman: John Mattocks)
* Expenditures on Public Buildings (Chairman: Joseph Johnson)
* Foreign Affairs (Chairman: John Forsyth)
* Indian Affairs (Chairman: John Cocke)
* Judiciary (Chairman: Daniel Webster)
* Manufactures (Chairman: Rollin C. Mallary)
* Military Affairs (Chairman: James Hamilton Jr.)
* Military Pensions (Chairman: Tristram Burges)
* Naval Affairs (Chairman: Henry R. Storrs)
* Post Office and Post Roads (Chairman: Samuel D. Ingham)
* Public Expenditures (Chairman: Weldon N. Edwards)
* Public Lands (Chairman: Christopher Rankin then John Scott)
* Revisal and Unfinished Business (Chairman: Thomas P. Moore)
* Revolutionary Claims (Chairman: Robert Allen)
* Rules (Select)
* Standards of Official Conduct
* Territories (Chairman: James Strong)
* Ways and Means (Chairman: Louis McLane)
* Whole

### Joint committees

* Enrolled Bills
* The Library
* Police and Preservation of the Capital

## Employees
### Legislative branch agency directors

* Architect of the Capitol: Charles Bulfinch
* Librarian of Congress: George Watterston

### Senate

* Chaplain: Charles P. McIlvaine (Episcopal), until December 12, 1825
** William Staughton (Baptist), elected December 12, 1825
** William Ryland (Methodist), elected December 8, 1826
* Secretary: Charles Cutts, until December 12, 1825
** Walter Lowrie, elected December 12, 1825
* Sergeant at Arms: Mountjoy Bayly

### House of Representatives

* Chaplain: Reuben Post (Presbyterian)
* Clerk: Matthew St. Clair Clarke
* Doorkeeper: Benjamin Birch
* Reading Clerks: [data missing]
* Sergeant at Arms: John O. Dunn