# List of the prehistoric life of North Carolina

This list of the prehistoric life of North Carolina contains the various prehistoric life-forms whose fossilized remains have been reported from within the US state of North Carolina.

## Precambrian-Paleozoic

The Paleobiology Database records no known occurrences of Precambrian or Paleozoic fossils in North Carolina.

## Mesozoic
### Selected Mesozoic taxa of North Carolina

* Acesta
* Acirsa
* †Adocus
* Illustration of the reconstructed skeleton of the Late Triassic Aetosaurus. Othniel Charles Marsh (1895). †Aetosaurus
* †Ampullina – tentative report
* †Anomia
* †Anomoeodus
* †Apatopus
* †Arca
* Architectonica
* †Arganodus
* Astarte – tentative report
* †Asteracanthus
* †Atreipus
* †Baena – tentative report
* †Baikuris – report made of unidentified related form or using admittedly obsolete nomenclature
* Barbatia
* Fossilized guard of the Late Cretaceous belemnoid cephalopod Belemnitella †Belemnitella
** †Belemnitella americana
* †Borealosuchus
** †Borealosuchus formidabilis
* †Boreogomphodon
** †Boreogomphodon jeffersoni
* Botula
** †Botula carolinensis
* †Brachymeris
* †Brachyphyllum
* Caestocorbula
** †Caestocorbula crassiplica
* Candona
* Carcharias – tentative report
* Known material diagram illustrating a reconstructed skull and body of the Late Triassic distant crocodilian relative Carnufex †Carnufex – type locality for genus
** †Carnufex carolinensis – type locality for species
* Cerithiella
** †Cerithiella nodoliratum
** †Cerithiella semirugatum
* †Cimolomys
* Cladophlebis
* Cliona
* †Coahomasuchus
* †Colognathus
* Corbula
* †Crenella
** †Crenella serica
* Fossil of the Early Cretaceous-Eocene shark Cretolamna †Cretolamna
* †Crosbysaurus
* Cucullaea
** †Cucullaea capax
* Cylichna
* †Cylindracanthus
* †Cymella
* Cyzicus
* Mounted fossilized skeleton of the Late Cretaceous Alligator relative Deinosuchus †Deinosuchus
** †Deinosuchus rugosus
* Dictyocephalus – type locality for genus
* †Diplurus
* †Dreissena – tentative report
* †Dromicosuchus – type locality for genus
** †Dromicosuchus grallator – type locality for species
* †Egertonia
* †Enchodus
** †Enchodus petrosus – or unidentified comparable form
* †Equisetum
* †Estheria
* Shell of a Euspira moon sea snail †Euspira
* †Eutrephoceras
* †Exogyra
** †Exogyra cancellata
** †Exogyra costata
* Gegania
* Glycymeris
* †Gorgetosuchus – type locality for genus
* †Gorgosaurus
* †Hadrosaurus
** †Hadrosaurus minor – tentative report
* Life restoration of the Late Cretaceous mosasaur Halisaurus †Halisaurus
* †Hamulus
* †Hybodus
** †Hybodus montanensis
* †Hypophylloceras
* †Hypsibema – type locality for genus
** †Hypsibema crassicauda – type locality for species
* †Inoceramus
* †Ischyodus
** †Ischyodus bifurcatus – or unidentified comparable form
* †Ischyrhiza
** †Ischyrhiza mira
* Isognomon
* Isurus
* Fossilized skull of the Late Cretaceous alligator relative Leidyosuchus †Leidyosuchus – tentative report
* †Lepidodendron
* Lima
* Limatula
* †Linearis
* †Lingula
* †Linthia
* Lopha
** †Lopha falcata
* †Lucasuchus
** †Lucasuchus hunti
* †Lucina
* †Lytoceras
* Martesia – tentative report
* †Mecistotrachelos
** †Mecistotrachelos apeoros
* Melanatria – tentative report
* †Morea
* Life restoration of two of the Late Cretaceous Mosasaurus †Mosasaurus
* †Neocalamites
* Nerita
* Nucula
* Odontaspis
* †Ornithomimus – tentative report
* Ostrea
* †Pagiophyllum
* †Pannaulika
* Panopea
* †Paralbula
* †Paranomia
* †Pekinosaurus – type locality for genus
** †Pekinosaurus olseni – type locality for species
* Pholadidea – tentative report
* Pholadomya
* Phyllodus
* †Pinna
* †Placenticeras – tentative report
* Restoration of the Late Triassic synapsid (mammal precursor) Placerias with an anachronistic human to scale †Placerias
** †Placerias hesternus
* †Platecarpus
* †Plinthogomphodon – type locality for genus
** †Plinthogomphodon herpetairus – type locality for species
* Polinices
* †Postosuchus
** †Postosuchus alisonae – type locality for species
* †Prognathodon
* †Protocardia
* †Pteria – tentative report
* †Pterophyllum
* †Pterotrigonia
** †Pterotrigonia cerulea
** †Pterotrigonia eufalensis
** †Pterotrigonia eufaulensis
* Pycnodonte
** †Pycnodonte belli
** †Pycnodonte vesicularis
* †Revueltosaurus
** †Revueltosaurus olseni
* †Rhombodus
* Life restoration of the Late Triassic phytosaur Rutiodon †Rutiodon – type locality for genus
** †Rutiodon carolinensis – type locality for species
* †Saurodon
* †Scapanorhynchus
** †Scapanorhynchus texanus
* †Scoyenia – tentative report
* †Semionotus
* Serpula
* †Sphenodiscus
* Life restoration of the Late Cretaceous shark Squalicorax Squalicorax
** †Squalicorax kaupi
** †Squalicorax pristodontus
* Squatina
* †Stegomus
* †Stephanodus
* †Tanytrachelos – type locality for genus
** †Tanytrachelos ahynis – type locality for species
* Trachycardium
* Trichotropis
* †Trigonia – tentative report
* Trionyx
* Turritella
** †Turritella trilira
* Restoration of the Late Cretaceous mosasaur Tylosaurus †Tylosaurus
* †Uatchitodon
** †Uatchitodon schneideri – type locality for species
* †Williamsonia
* †Xiphactinus
** †Xiphactinus audax
* †Zamites
** †Zamites powelli

## Cenozoic
### Selected Cenozoic taxa of North Carolina

* Abies
* †Abies
* †Abra
* Acanthocybium
** A living Acanthocybium solandri, or wahoo †Acanthocybium solandri
* †Acantholambrus
** †Acantholambrus baumi
* †Acarinina
* Acipenser
* Acrosterigma
* Acteocina
* †Actinocyclus
* Aequipecten
* Aesopus
** †Aesopus stearnsii
* A living Aetobatus eagle ray Aetobatus
* Agaronia
* Agassizia
** †Agassizia scrobiculata
* Agatrix
* †Albertocetus – type locality for genus
* Alca
** †Alca torda – or unidentified related form
* Alnus
* Alopias
** †Alopias superciliosus
** †Alopias vulpinus
* Alosa
** †Alosa sapidissima – or unidentified comparable form
* A living Aluterus filefish Aluterus
* †Ambrosia
* Americardia
** †Americardia media
* Ammodytes
* Amusium
* †Anabernicula
* Anachis
* Anadara
** †Anadara brasiliana
** †Anadara floridana
** †Anadara ovalis
** †Anadara transversa
* Anas
** †Anas acuta
** †Anas americana
** A living Spatula clypeata, or northern shoveler †Anas clypeata
** †Anas discors
** †Anas platyrhynchos
* Angulus
* Anisotremus
* Anodontia
** †Anodontia alba
* Anomia
** †Anomia simplex
* †Anomotodon
* Anser
* A living Apalone softshell turtle Apalone – or unidentified comparable form
* †Araeodelphis
* Arbacia
* Arca
* Architectonica
* †Archosargus
** †Archosargus probatocephalus – or unidentified comparable form
* Arcinella
** †Arcinella cornuta
* Ardea
** †Ardea cinerea – or unidentified related form
* Argopecten
** †Argopecten gibbus
** †Argopecten irradians
* Argyrotheca
* †Artemisia
* Artena
* Astarte
* Astyris
** †Astyris lunata
* Athleta
* Fossilized skull of the Miocene dolphin Atocetus †Atocetus – or unidentified related form
* Atrina
* †Aturia
* †Auroracetus – type locality for genus
* Auxis
* Axelella
* Aythya
** †Aythya affinis – or unidentified related form
* Bagre
* Balaena
* Balaenoptera
** †Balaenoptera acutorostrata
* Mounted fossilized skeleton of the Pliocene whale Balaenula †Balaenula
* Balanophyllia
* Balanus
* Balearica – tentative report
* Barbatia
* Barnea
* †Basilotritus
* †Belosaepia
* Betula
* Bittium
* †Bohaskaia
** †Bohaskaia monodontoides
* Boonea
** †Boonea impressa
** †Boonea seminuda
* †Bootherium
** †Bootherium bombifrons
* Boreotrophon – report made of unidentified related form or using admittedly obsolete nomenclature
* Restoration of two of the Miocene-Pliocene bone-crushing dog genus Borophagus preying on a camel. Jay Matternes (1964). †Borophagus
** †Borophagus dudleyi – or unidentified comparable form
** †Borophagus orc – or unidentified comparable form
* Bostrycapulus
** †Bostrycapulus aculeatus
* Botrychium
** †Botrychium dissectum – or unidentified comparable form
* †Botryococcus
* Brachidontes
* Branta
** †Branta bernicla – or unidentified related form
* †Brasenia
* Brotula
* Buccella
* Bucephala
** †Bucephala albeola – or unidentified related form
** †Bucephala clangula – or unidentified related form
* Bulweria – tentative report
* †Burnhamia
* Busycon
** †Busycon carica
** Shell in multiple views of a Busycon contrarium whelk †Busycon contrarium
** †Busycon perversum
* Busycotypus
** †Busycotypus canaliculatus
* Buteo
** †Buteo jamaicensis
* Cadulus
* Caecum
** †Caecum imbricatum
** †Caecum pulchellum
** †Caecum regulare
* Fossilized carapace of the Paleocene-Miocene crab Calappilia †Calappilia
* Calidris
** †Calidris melanotos – or unidentified related form
* Callinectes
** †Callinectes sapidus
* Calliostoma
* Callista
* †Callophoca
* Calonectris
** †Calonectris borealis – or unidentified related form
** †Calonectris diomedea – or unidentified related form
* Calotrophon
** †Calotrophon ostrearum
* Calyptraea
** †Calyptraea centralis
* Modern shell of a Cancellaria nutmeg snail Cancellaria
* Capella
** †Capella media – or unidentified related form
* Carcharhinus
** †Carcharhinus brachyurus
** †Carcharhinus falciformis
** †Carcharhinus leucas
** †Carcharhinus macloti
** †Carcharhinus obscurus
** †Carcharhinus perezi
** †Carcharhinus plumbeus
* Carcharias
** †Carcharias taurus
* Carcharodon
** †Carcharodon carcharias
** Fossilized tooth of the Miocene-Pliocene shark Cosmopolitodus hastalis, or broad-toothed mako †Carcharodon hastalis
* Carditamera
* Caretta
* Carya
* Cassidulina
* †Cassigerinella
** †Cassigerinella chipolensis
* Cassis
* Castanea
* Catharacta
* †Caulolatilus
** †Caulolatilus cyanops – or unidentified comparable form
* †Cavilucina
* Centropristis
** †Centropristis striata – or unidentified comparable form
* Cerastoderma
* Illustration of a living Ceratoscopelus lanternfish Ceratoscopelus
* Cerithiopsis
** †Cerithiopsis vinca
* Cerithium
** †Cerithium eburneum
* Cerodrillia – report made of unidentified related form or using admittedly obsolete nomenclature
** †Cerodrillia simpsoni
* †Cerorhinca
* Cetorhinus
* Life restoration of the Miocene-Pliocene whale Cetotherium †Cetotherium
* Chaetopleura
* Chama
** †Chama congregata
** †Chama macerophylla
* Chamelea
* Chelonia – tentative report
* Chelonibia
* Chemnitzia
* †Chesapecten
** †Chesapecten jeffersonius
* Chilomycterus
** A living Chilomycterus schoepfi, or striped burrfish †Chilomycterus schoepfi
** †Chilomycterus schoepfii
* Chione
** †Chione cancellata
* Chlamys
* Chrysemys
* Cibicides
* Ciconia
* Cidaris
* Circulus – report made of unidentified related form or using admittedly obsolete nomenclature
* A living Citharichthys large-tooth flounder Citharichthys
* Cladocora
* †Cladogramma
* Clathrodrillia – report made of unidentified related form or using admittedly obsolete nomenclature
* Clathrus
* Clavatula
* †Clavicula
* Clavilithes – or unidentified comparable form
* Clavus – report made of unidentified related form or using admittedly obsolete nomenclature
* †Claytonia – type locality for genus
* Cliona – tentative report
* Closia
* Cochliolepis
* A Coelopleurus sea urchin Coelopleurus
* Colubraria
* †Colymboides – tentative report
* Compsodrillia
* Concavus
* Conger
** †Conger oceanicus – or unidentified comparable form
* Conus
* Corbicula
* Corbula
* Corvus
** A living Corvus ossifragus, or fish crow †Corvus ossifragus – or unidentified related form
* †Corylus
* †Coscinodiscus
* †Cosmodiscus
* Cotonopsis
** †Cotonopsis lafresnayi
* Crania
* †Craspedodiscus
** †Crassinella lunulata
* Crassispira
* Crassostrea
** †Crassostrea virginica
* †Crenatocetus – type locality for genus
* Crenella
* Crepidula
** †Crepidula convexa
** †Crepidula fornicata
** †Crepidula plana
* Crucibulum
* Cumingia
* Life restoration of the Pliocene-Holocene elephant relative Cuvieronius †Cuvieronius
* Cyclocardia
* Cygnus
** †Cygnus columbianus – or unidentified related form
* Cylichna
* †Cylindracanthus
* Cymatium
* †Cymatosira
* Cymatosyrinx
* Cynoscion
** †Cynoscion nebulosus – or unidentified comparable form
* Mounted fossilized skeleton of the Eocene whale Cynthiacetus †Cynthiacetus
* Cypraea
* Dasyatis
** †Dasyatis americana – or unidentified comparable form
** †Dasyatis centroura
** †Dasyatis say
* †Deinosuchus
** †Deinosuchus rugosus
* Delphinapterus
* Delphinus
* Shell of a Dentalium tusk shell Dentalium
* †Denticula
* Dentimargo
* Dermomurex
* †Dictyocha
* †Didianema
* Dinocardium
** †Dinocardium robustum
* Diodora
** †Diplodonta punctata
* †Distephanus
* Distorsio
* Donax
** †Donax fossor
** †Donax variabilis
* Dosinia
** †Dosinia discus
* Echinocardium
* Echinorhinus
* †Ecphora
* †Ectopistes
** Taxidermied male Ectopistes migratorius, or passenger pigeon †Ectopistes migratorius – or unidentified related form
* Electra
* Elphidium
* Emarginula
* Ensis
** †Ensis directus
* Epinephelus
* Epitonium
** †Epitonium humphreysii
* Equetus
* Ervilia
* Erycina
* Eudocimus
* Eulima
* Eupleura
** †Eupleura caudata
* Shell of a Euspira moon sea snail Euspira
** †Euspira heros
* †Eutrephoceras
* Euvola
** †Euvola raveneli
* Fabella
* Fasciolaria
** †Fasciolaria tulipa
* Fenimorea
* †Ficopsis
* Ficus
** †Ficus communis
* Flabellum
* Fratercula
** A living Fratercula arctica, or Atlantic puffin †Fratercula arctica – or unidentified related form
** †Fratercula cirrhata – or unidentified related form
* †Fraxinus
* Fulgurofusus
* Fusinus
* Gadus
** †Gadus morhua – or unidentified comparable form
* Galeocerdo
** †Galeocerdo contortus
** †Galeocerdo cuvier – or unidentified comparable form
* Galeodea
* Galeorhinus
** A living Galeorhinus galeus school shark †Galeorhinus galeus
* Gari
* Gastrochaena
* Gavia
* Gemma
** †Gemma gemma
* Geochelone
* Geodia
* †Gigantostrea
* Ginglymostoma
* A living Globicephala, or pilot whale Globicephala
* Globigerina
** †Globigerina bulloides
* Globigerinoides
** †Globorotalia menardii
* Glossus
* Glycymeris
** †Glycymeris americana
* Glyphostoma
* Glyphoturris
** †Glyphoturris eritima
* Glyptoactis
* Mounted fossilized skeleton of the Miocene-Pleistocene elephant relative Gomphotherium †Gomphotherium
* Granulina
* Grus
** †Grus americana – or unidentified related form
** †Grus antigone – or unidentified related form
* †Gryphoca
* †Hadrosaurus
* Haematopus
** †Haematopus ostralegus – or unidentified related form
** †Haematopus palliatus – or unidentified related form
* Haustator – tentative report
* Heilprinia
* †Heliornis
** †Heliornis fulica – or unidentified related form
* Fossilized lower jaw of the Miocene-Pleistocene llama relative Hemiauchenia †Hemiauchenia – or unidentified comparable form
* Hemipristis
** †Hemipristis serra
* †Hemirhabdorhynchus
* †Herpetocetus
* Heterodontus
* Hexanchus
* Hiatella
** †Hiatella arctica
* Histrionicus
** †Histrionicus histrionicus – or unidentified related form
* †Homiphoca
* Hyalina
* †Hyalodiscus
* Hydroides – tentative report
* †Hypogaleus
* Ilyanassa
** †Ilyanassa obsoleta
** †Ilyanassa trivittata
* Ischadium
** †Ischadium recurvum
* A modern Isistius dogfish Isistius
* Isoetes
* Isognomon
* Istiophorus
** †Istiophorus platypterus
* Isurus
** †Isurus oxyrinchus
* Ithycythara
** †Ithycythara psila
* Juniperus
** †Juniperus virginiana – or unidentified comparable form
* †Kellum
* Life restoration of the Oligocene-Miocene dolphin Kentriodon †Kentriodon
* Kogia – or unidentified comparable form
** †Kogia breviceps
* †Kogiopsis – or unidentified comparable form
** †Kogiopsis floridana
* Kuphus
* Kurtziella
** †Kurtziella cerina
* †Kyptoceras
* Laevicardium
** †Laevicardium mortoni
* Lagena
* Living Lagenorhynchus dolphins Lagenorhynchus
* †Lagodon
** †Lagodon rhomboides – or unidentified comparable form
* Lamna
* Larus
** †Larus argentatus – or unidentified related form
** †Larus atricilla – or unidentified related form
** †Larus delawarensis – or unidentified related form
** †Larus minutus – or unidentified related form
* Leiostomus
* A living Lepidochelys, or ridley sea turtle Lepidochelys
* Limaria
* Linga
* †Linthia
* Liquidambar
* Littoraria
** †Littoraria irrorata
* Littorina
* †Lonicera
* Lophius
** Mounted skeleton of a Lophius americanus, or American anglerfish †Lophius americanus – or unidentified comparable form
* †Lophocetus – or unidentified related form
* Lopholatilus
** †Lopholatilus chamaeleonticeps
* Lucina
** †Lucina pensylvanica
* Lyria
* Macoma
* Macrocallista
** †Macrocallista nimbosa
* †Macromphalina
** †Macromphalina pierrot
* Makaira
** †Makaira indica
** †Makaira nigricans
* †Mammut
** Restoration of a Mammut americanum, or American mastodon †Mammut americanum
* Manta
* Maretia
* Marginella
* Megachasma
* Megalops
** †Megalops atlanticus – or unidentified comparable form
* Megaptera
* †Meherrinia – type locality for genus
** †Meherrinia isoni – type locality for species
* Meiocardia
* Melanella
** †Melanella conoidea
* Melanitta
** †Melanitta nigra – or unidentified related form
** †Melanitta perspicillata – or unidentified related form
* Melanogrammus
** †Melanogrammus aeglefinus – or unidentified comparable form
* Meleagris
* Menippe – tentative report
* Mercenaria
** †Mercenaria mercenaria
* Meretrix
* Mergus
** A living Mergus serrator, or red-breasted merganser †Mergus serrator – or unidentified related form
* Merluccius
** †Merluccius albidus
** †Merluccius bilinearis – or unidentified comparable form
* Mesoplodon
* Metulella
* Microgadus
** †Microgadus tomcod – or unidentified comparable form
* Micropogonias
* Mitra
* Mitrella
* Mobula
* Modiolus
** †Modiolus modiolus
* Mola
* A living Monodon monoceros, or narwhal Monodon – or unidentified comparable form
* Morus
* Muellerina
* Mulinia
** †Mulinia lateralis
* Musculus
** †Musculus lateralis
* Mustelus
* †Mya
** †Mya arenaria
* Mycteroperca
* Myliobatis
* Myriophyllum
* Mytilus
* Partial fossilized mandible of the Miocene-Pliocene horse Nannippus †Nannippus
* †Nanosiren – tentative report
* Nassarius
** †Nassarius acutus
** †Nassarius antillarum
** †Nassarius vibex
* Naticarius
* †Navicula
* Negaprion
** †Negaprion brevirostris
* †Neohipparion
* Mounted fossilized skeleton of the Miocene Neophrontops Neophrontops – tentative report
* Neverita
* Niso
* †Nitzschia
* Niveria
** †Niveria suffusa
* Notorynchus
* Nucula
** †Nucula proxima
** †Nuculana acuta
* Numenius
** †Numenius borealis – or unidentified related form
* †Nuphar
* Nymphaea
* †Nyssa
* Odontaspis
** A living Odontaspis ferox, or smalltooth sand tiger †Odontaspis ferox
* Odostomia
** †Odostomia acutidens
* Oliva
** †Oliva sayana
* Olivella
** †Olivella minuta
** †Olivella mutica
* Onoba
* †Ontocetus – type locality for genus
** †Ontocetus emmonsi – type locality for species
* Oocorys
* Ophidion
* †Opsanus
** †Opsanus tau
* Ortalis – tentative report
* †Orycterocetus
* †Osmunda
** †Osmunda regalis
* Ostrea
** †Ostrea compressirostra
* Ostrya
* †Otodus
** Diagram illustrating the largest (grey) and most conservative (red) size estimates of the Miocene-Pliocene shark Carcharocles megalodon (sometimes Carcharodon or Otodus megalodon) with a whale shark (violet), great white shark (green), and anachronistic human (black) to scale †Otodus megalodon
* Pachyptila
* Pagrus
* Pandion
* Pandora
* Panopea
* Paragaleus
* †Paralia
* Paralichthys
* †Parotodus
** †Parotodus benedenii
* Parvanachis
** †Parvanachis obesa
* Pecten
* †Pediastrum
* †Pediomeryx
* Life restoration of the Oligocene-Pleistocene false-toothed bird Pelagornis †Pelagornis
* Pelecanus
** †Pelecanus schreiberi – type locality for species
* Perotrochus
* Petaloconchus
* Petricola
** †Petricola pholadiformis
* Phalacrocorax
* Phalium
* †Phocageneus – or unidentified related form
* †Phocanella
* †Phoebastria
** †Phoebastria albatrus – or unidentified related form
** †Phoebastria immutabilis – or unidentified related form
** †Phoebastria nigripes – or unidentified related form
* Two Phoenicopterus, or flamingos Phoenicopterus
* Pholadomya
* Phyllonotus
** †Phyllonotus pomum
* Physeter – or unidentified comparable form
** †Physeter macrocephalus
* †Physeterula – or unidentified comparable form
* Picea
* †Pinguinus
** †Pinguinus alfrednewtoni – type locality for species
* Pinna – tentative report
* Pinus
** †Pinus palustris – or unidentified comparable form
* Pisania
* Pitar
** †Pitar morrhuanus
* Placopecten
** †Placopecten magellanicus – or unidentified related form
* †Platyphoca
* Fossilized vertebra of the Miocene-Pleistocene baleen whale Plesiocetus †Plesiocetus – or unidentified comparable form
* Pleurofusia
* Pleuromeris
** †Pleuromeris tridentata
* Pleurotomaria
* Plicatula
** †Plicatula gibbosa
* Pluvialis
** †Pluvialis squatarola – or unidentified related form
* Podiceps
** †Podiceps auritus
* Pogonias
** †Pogonias cromis – or unidentified comparable form
* Polinices
* Polydora
* Polygireulima
* Polygonum
* Polymesoda
** †Polymesoda caroliniana
* Pomatomus
* Living Pontederia pickerel weeds †Pontederia
* Pontoporia – or unidentified comparable form
* Populus
* †Potamogeton
* Prionotus
** †Prionotus evolans – or unidentified comparable form
* Pristiophorus
* Pristis
* Procellaria
** †Procellaria aequinoctialis – or unidentified comparable form
** †Procellaria parkinsoni – or unidentified comparable form
* †Procolpochelys
* †Protosiren
* Prunum
** †Prunum bellum
** †Prunum roscidum
* Psammechinus
* †Psephophorus
* Replica of a fossilized cranium of the Miocene horse Pseudhipparion †Pseudhipparion
* Pseudochama
* Pseudorca
* Pseudotorinia
* Pteria
* Pterodroma
** †Pterodroma lessonii
* †Pterodromoides
** †Pterodromoides minoricensis
* Pteromeris
** †Pteromeris perplana
* Pteromylaeus
* Illustration of a living Pterothrissus gissu, or Japanese gissu Pterothrissus
* †Ptychosalpinx
* Puffinus
** †Puffinus gravis – or unidentified related form
** †Puffinus lherminieri
** †Puffinus pacificoides – or unidentified related form
** †Puffinus puffinus – or unidentified comparable form
** †Puffinus tenuirostris – or unidentified related form
* Pugnus
* Puncturella
* Purpura
* Purpurellus
* Pusula
** †Pusula pediculus
* Pycnodonte
* Pyramidella
* †Quadrans
* A living Quercus, or oak tree Quercus
* Raja
* Rangia
* Ranina – type locality for genus
* Ranunculus
* Retilaskeya
** †Retilaskeya bicolor
* Rhincodon
* Rhinobatos
* Rhinoptera
* Rhizoprionodon – tentative report
* Rhynchobatus
* Restoration of the Miocene-Pliocene elephant relative Rhynchotherium †Rhynchotherium
* Ringicula
* Rissoina
* †Robinia – type locality for genus
* Rosalina
* Sagittaria
* †Sanguisorba
** †Sanguisorba canadensis
* †Sarda
** †Sarda sarda – or unidentified related form
* Fossilized teeth of the Neogene sperm whale Scaldicetus †Scaldicetus – or unidentified comparable form
* Scaphella
* Schizaster
* Sciaenops
** †Sciaenops ocellatus
* †Scoliodon
* Sconsia
* †Scutella
* Scyliorhinus
* Seila
** †Seila adamsii
* Semele
* Semicassis
* A living Seriola, or amberjack Seriola
* Serpulorbis
* †Sheldonia – type locality for genus
* Siliqua
* Sinum
** †Sinum perspectivum
* Siphonalia
* Siphonochelus
* Solariella
* Solen
* Solenosteira
** †Solenosteira cancellaria
* Somateria
** A living Somateria mollissima, or common eider †Somateria mollissima – or unidentified related form
* Sphagnum
* †Sphoeroides
* Sphyraena
** †Sphyraena barracuda – or unidentified comparable form
* Sphyrna
** †Sphyrna lewini
** †Sphyrna media – or unidentified comparable form
** †Sphyrna zygaena
* Spisula
* Spondylus
* Life restoration of the Oligocene-Miocene shark-toothed dolphin Squalodon †Squalodon
** †Squalodon calvertensis
* Squalus
* Squatina
* Stellatoma – report made of unidentified related form or using admittedly obsolete nomenclature
** †Stellatoma stellata
* †Stelletta
* Stenella
** †Stenotomus chrysops – or unidentified comparable form
* Stercorarius
** †Stercorarius longicaudus – or unidentified related form
** †Stercorarius parasiticus – or unidentified related form
** †Stercorarius pomarinus – or unidentified related form
* Sterna
** A living Thalasseus maximus, or royal tern †Sterna maxima – or unidentified related form
** †Sterna nilotica – or unidentified related form
* Stewartia
* †Striatolamia
* Strioterebrum
* Strombiformis
* Strombina
* Strombus
* †Syllomus
* Symphurus
* Syntomodrillia
** †Syntomodrillia lissotropis
* Tagelus
* A living Tapirus, or tapir Tapirus
** †Tapirus veroensis
* Tautoga
** †Tautoga onitis – or unidentified comparable form
* Taxodium
** †Taxodium distichum
* Tectonatica
** †Tectonatica pusilla
* Teinostoma
* Tellina
* Shell in multiple views of a Tenagodus sea snail Tenagodus
* Terebra
** †Terebra protexta
* Terebratula
* †Tetraedron
* †Tetrapturus
** †Tetrapturus albidus
* Thais
* †Thalassinoides
* †Thalassiosira
* †Thalictrum
* Fossilized skeleton of the Oligocene-Miocene gavial relative Thecachampsa †Thecachampsa
** †Thecachampsa antiqua
* Thracia
* Thunnus
** †Thunnus thynnus
* Timoclea
* Trachycardium
** †Trachycardium isocardia
** †Trachycardium muricatum
* †Triaenodon
** A living Triaenodon obesus, or whitetip reef shark †Triaenodon obesus
* Trigonostoma
* †Trinacria
* Tringa
** †Tringa ochropus – or unidentified related form
* Trionyx
* Triphora
* Trochita
* Tucetona
* Turbo
** †Turbo castanea
* Turbonilla
** †Turbonilla abrupta
** †Turbonilla interrupta
** †Turbonilla nivea
* Turritella
* A living Tursiops, or bottlenose dolphin Tursiops
* Typha
* Typhis
* Urophycis
** †Urophycis tenuis
* Urosalpinx
** †Urosalpinx cinerea
** †Urosalpinx perrugata
* Vasum
* Venericardia
* Vermicularia
** †Vermicularia knorrii – or unidentified comparable form
** †Vermicularia spirata
* Verticordia
* Vexillum
** †Vexillum wandoense
* †Viburnum
* Viviparus – tentative report
* Volutifusus
* Volvarina
** †Volvarina avena
* Xenophora
* Fossilized skeleton of the Miocene whale Xiphiacetus †Xiphiacetus
* Xiphias
** †Xiphias gladius
* †Xiphiorhynchus
* Yoldia
** †Yoldia limatula
* Ziphius
** †Ziphius cavirostris – or unidentified comparable form