OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Thaynes Group

The Thaynes Group, Thaynes Formation in older literature, is a geologic group in eastern Idaho, western Wyoming, Utah and eastern Nevada. It includes the Sinbad Formation, Virgin Formation and Shnabkaib Formation. The Thaynes Group is of marine origin. Its formations are interbedded with layers of the non-marine Moenkopi Group.
It preserves fossils dating back to the Early Triassic epoch (Olenekian stage). The Lower Limestone Member contains the Paris biota lagerstätte, one of the first diverse assemblages of the Mesozoic era.
# Thin Elk Formation

The Thin Elk Formation is a geologic formation in South Dakota. It preserves fossils dating back to the Neogene period.

## Fossil content
### Mammals
#### Ungulates

Ungulates reported from the Thin Elk Formation :
| Genus | Species | Presence | Material | Notes | Images |
| Cormohipparion | C. occidentale | Ed Ross Ranch Quarry, Bennett County, South Dakota. | Skull (F:AM 71872). | An equid. | |
# European Institute for Statistics, Probability, Stochastic Operations Research and its Applications

51°26′51.5″N 5°29′14.86″E﻿ / ﻿51.447639°N 5.4874611°E﻿ / 51.447639; 5.4874611 The European Institute for Statistics, Probability, Stochastic Operations Research and its Applications (EURANDOM) is a research institute at the Eindhoven University of Technology, dedicated to fostering research in the stochastic sciences and their applications.
The institute was founded in 1997 at the Eindhoven University of Technology to focus on project oriented research of "stochastic problems connected to industrial and societal applications." The institute actively attracts young talent for its research and doctoral programs, facilitates research and actively seeks European cooperation.

## People associated with the institute

* Michel Mandjes
* Onno J. Boxma, scientific director from 2005 to 2010.
* Jaap Wessels
# Threemile Formation

The Threemile Formation is a geologic formation in Kansas. It preserves fossils dating back to the Permian period.
# Tiger Leap Formation

The Tiger Leap Formation is a geologic formation in Georgia. It preserves fossils dating back to the Oligocene epoch. Some authorities classify it as the Tiger Leap Member of the Parachucla Formation.
The Tiger Leap unit was first defined as the Tiger Leap Member of the Parachucla Formation in 1988, when Paul Huddlestun added calcareous beds that underlay the Parachucla Formation to that formation. In 2001, Weems and Edwards removed the Tiger Leap Member from the Parachucla Formation, raising it in rank to the Tiger Leap Formation. Other authors continue to use the Huddlestun definition, which includes the Tiger Leap Member in the Parachulca Formation.
# Ioannis Karamalegkos

Ioannis Karamalegkos (alternative spellings: Giannis, Yiannis, Karamalegos) (Greek: Ιωάννης Καραμαλέγκος; born 19 September 1994 in Maroussi, Athens, Greece) is a Greek professional basketball player. He is 1.92 m (6 ft 3 3⁄4" in) tall, and he can play at both the point guard and shooting guard positions.

## Professional career

Karamalegkos began his professional career with the Greek Basket League club Panathinaikos Athens in 2009. He was a member of the Panathinaikos team that won the EuroLeague championship in 2011. After that, he signed with Amyntas. In 2013, he signed with Arkadikos.
He moved to Kastorias in 2017.

## National team career

Karamalegkos was a member of the junior national teams of Greece. With Greece's junior national teams he played at the 2010 FIBA Europe Under-16 Championship, the 2012 FIBA Europe Under-18 Championship, and the 2013 FIBA Europe Under-20 Championship.

## Career statistics
### EuroLeague

| † | Denotes seasons in which Karamalegkos won the EuroLeague |
| Year | Team | GP | GS | MPG | FG% | 3P% | FT% | RPG | APG | SPG | BPG | PPG | PIR |
| 2010–11† | Panathinaikos | 1 | 0 | 1.0 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| Career | Career | 1 | 0 | 1.0 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 0.0 | 0.0 |
# Pinya

Pinya (Burmese: ပင်းယ), or Vijayapura, was the capital of the Kingdom of Pinya, located near Ava, Mandalay Region, Myanmar. It was the residence of the Pinya dynasty who ruled this part of central Myanmar from 1313 to 1365. It was founded by King Thihathu as Wizayapura (ဝိဇယပူရ, Pali: Vijayapura) on 7 February 1313.
# Saeid Sayyar

Saeid Sayyar (Persian: سعید سیار, born January 20, 1992, is an Iranian weightlifter.

## Major results

| Year | Venue | Weight | Snatch (kg) | Snatch (kg) | Snatch (kg) | Snatch (kg) | Clean & Jerk (kg) | Clean & Jerk (kg) | Clean & Jerk (kg) | Clean & Jerk (kg) | Total | Rank |
| Year | Venue | Weight | 1 | 2 | 3 | Rank | 1 | 2 | 3 | Rank | Total | Rank |
| World Junior Championships |||||||||||||
| 2012 | Antigua, Guatemala | 105 kg | 167 | 173 | 176 | | 208 | 216 | 216 | 5 | 384 | |
| World Youth Championships |||||||||||||
| 2009 | Chiang Mai, Thailand | 94 kg | 133 | 137 | 141 | | 163 | 167 | 170 | | 304 | |
# Great Synagogue (Łomża)

The Great Synagogue was a former Orthodox Jewish congregation and synagogue, that was located at the southeastern corner of the Main Square, at the intersection of today's Giełczyńska and Senatorska Streets, in Łomża, in the Podlaskie Voivodeship of Poland. Designed by Enrico Marconi in the Rundbogenstil style and completed in 1889, the synagogue served as a house of prayer until World War II when it was destroyed by Nazis between 1939 and 1941.

## History

A wooden synagogue was established by the congregation, that dated from the 15th century.
It was built from 1878 to 1889 on the initiative of Rabbi Eliezer-Simcha Rabinowicz, and it was designed by Italian-Polish architect Enrico Marconi from Congress Poland.
From 1918 to 1922, the synagogue's chief cantor was Isaac Hirshow.
The Great Synagogue was destroyed by the invading Germans either in September 1939, at the very beginning of World War II, or in September 1941, soon after the German attack on the Soviet Union and the creation of the Łomża Ghetto for the Jews from surrounding villages and towns. Most likely the Great Synagogue was destroyed in stages, first burned down, and levelled out later.
A memorial plaque marks the site of the former synagogue, with an inscription in Polish and Hebrew, which reads:
   From July 1941 to November 1942 in the streets: Dworna – now 22-go Lipca, Senatorska, Woziwodzka, Zielona, Żydowska – now Zatylna, and Rybaki, the Nazis set up a ghetto, where they exterminated 9,000 Poles of Jewish ethnicity. 3,500 of them were shot in the woods near the villages of Giełczyn and Sławiec. The German occupiers established 15 ghettos in the towns of Łomża region. The tragic fate of around 40,000 people living in them led to the extermination camp in Treblinka. May the memory of them and of those who were helping them in those terrible days last.
# Kampfhäusl

The Kampfhäusl (German for "[My] Struggle House") was a small log cabin on the forest property of the former Gebirgskurhauses Obersalzberg (formerly the Pension Moritz; from 1928: Platterhof) in Obersalzberg. The cabin was the location where Adolf Hitler wrote the second volume of Mein Kampf (My Struggle).

## History

Dietrich Eckart visited Obersalzberg for the first time in May 1923. The Hitler trial resulted in a minimum sentence of five years in Landsberg Prison, where he dictated the first volume of Mein Kampf to his later deputy Rudolf Hess (according to Joachim Fest, the first volume was only dictated by Hitler in Obersalzberg after his imprisonment, like the second). Hitler was released on parole early in December 1924. This volume was then published in a first edition on July 18, 1925.
In the summer of the same year, after his release from prison, he was a guest under the name "Hugo Wolf" in the Gebirgskurhaus Obersalzberg, which was then leased by Bruno Büchner and his wife. In a small log cabin that stood a little above it on the forest property belonging to the guesthouse, as well as in the Deutsches Haus hotel, he dictated the second part of his manuscript of Mein Kampf to Max Amann, who was his Vizefeldwebel during the First World War. Because of these writings, the Kampfhäusl was given its name by Hitler's supporters.
The Alpengasthof Steiner below the guesthouse where Hitler lived served as a post office in Obersalzberg. Thekla Rasp, the wife of the inn owner, remembers “Dr. Wolf" as follows:
   My husband [Steffl] is there no time with the mail. He [Hitler] was already working on “Mein Kampf”. And then he said: “Steffl, you should get one of the first ones.” And so he got the book, with his own dedication.
When Mein Kampf was written, the furnishings in the hut only included a tiled stove, a table, a chair and a bed. In the summer of 1928, after the Büchners had purchased the guesthouse and renamed it Pension Platterhof, Hitler also wrote down “his thoughts on German foreign policy” in the log cabin.
According to German author Ulrich Chaussy [de], the log cabin was dismantled after 1945 and, according to historian Rainer Blasius [de], demolished in 1951. Today only remnants of its foundation remain.
# Wilfrid Lacroix

Wilfrid Lacroix (6 March 1891 – 30 August 1970) was a member of the House of Commons of Canada from 1935 to 1958. His affiliation was mostly with the Liberal party except between 1944 and 1949 when he left the party to act as an "Independent Liberal" member.
Lacroix was born in Quebec City, Quebec and worked as an architect in the early 20th century. His projects included the Gérard-Morisset Building of the Musée national des beaux-arts du Québec which was designed in the Beaux-Arts style and opened in 1933 as the Quebec Provincial Museum.
He was first elected at the Québec—Montmorency riding in the 1935 general election and was re-elected for successive terms in 1940 federal election, 1945 federal election, 1949 federal election, 1953 federal election and 1957 federal election. Lacroix was defeated by Robert Lafrenière of the Progressive Conservative party in the 1958 election.
On 30 January 1939, Lacroix presented to the House of Commons a petition of 127,364 signatures collected by the Saint-Jean-Baptiste Society "vigorously protesting against all immigration what so ever and especially Jewish immigration". On 10 September that year, as Parliament met to declare war on Germany and join World War II, Lacroix and fellow Quebec Liberal member Liguori Lacombe introduced an amendment for "non-participation" in the war, reflecting some reluctance in French Canada to join Britain in war. The two members were condemned in a Globe and Mail editorial the following day as "two French-Canadians who gained eternal distinction by an attitude unworthy of their people and country."
On 24 November 1944, Lacroix and three other Quebec Liberal members left their party to protest the enactment of conscription. Lacroix joined the "Independent Group" of opposition anti-conscription MPs led by Frédéric Dorion. As Lacroix moved to the opposition side of the House of Commons, he shouted "Trahison!" ("Treason") at Prime Minister William Lyon Mackenzie King. Lacroix was re-elected in the 1945 federal election and until June 1949, sat in the House of Commons as an "Independent Liberal". On three occasions, he introduced legislation which attempted to outlaw the Communist party, and the associated Labor-Progressive Party. He returned to the Liberal party by the 1949 federal election and remained a party member until his House of Commons career ended in 1958.
Lacroix died in Quebec City on 30 August 1970.
# Robert Lindsay, 9th Lord Lindsay

Robert Lindsay, 9th Lord Lindsay PC (died 9 July 1616), was a Scottish landowner.

## Early life

He was the second son of James Lindsay, 7th Lord Lindsay and Lady Eupheme Leslie. His elder brother was John Lindsay, 8th Lord Lindsay (who married Hon. Anne Oliphant, granddaughter of Laurence Oliphant, 4th Lord Oliphant). His sisters included Hon. Jane Lindsay (wife of Robert Lundie of Balgonie), Hon. Helen Lindsay (wife of John Cranstoun, 2nd Lord Cranstoun), and Hon. Catherine Lindsay (wife of James Lundie of that Ilk).
His paternal grandparents were Patrick Lindsay, 6th Lord Lindsay and Euphemia Douglas (a daughter of Sir Robert Douglas of Lochleven, who was killed at the Battle of Pinkie Cleugh in 1547, and Lady Margaret Erskine, a mistress of King James V of Scotland who was a daughter of John Erskine, 5th Lord Erskine). His maternal grandparents were Andrew Leslie, 5th Earl of Rothes and Grizel Hamilton (a daughter of Sir James Hamilton of Finnart).

## Career

Lindsay inherited the Lordship Lindsay of the Byres upon the death of his brother in November 1609 who died without male issue. Following his brother's death, the estate of Byres was sold to the 9th Lord's father-in-law, Thomas Hamilton, 1st Earl of Haddington.
Lord Lindsay was the Scottish Ecclesiastical High Commissioner. He was made a Privy Councillor of Scotland in 1610 and 1616.

## Personal life

On 26 June 1610, Lindsay married Lady Christian Hamilton, eldest daughter of Thomas Hamilton, 1st Earl of Haddington and Margaret Borthwick (only child of James Borthwick of Newbyres). Before his death in 1616, they were the parents of:
* John Lindsay (c. 1611–1679), who married Lady Margaret Hamilton, a daughter of James Hamilton, 2nd Marquess of Hamilton and Lady Anne Cunningham (fourth daughter of James Cunningham, 7th Earl of Glencairn).
* Hon. Patrick Lindsay, who died young.
* Hon. Helen Lindsay, who married Sir William Scott of Ardross and Elie, in 1634.
* Hon. Margaret Lindsay.
Lord Lindsay died on 9 July 1616 and was succeeded in the Lordship by his only surviving son, John (who was created the 1st Earl of Lindsay in 1633, and inherited the Earldom of Crawford in 1652). After his death, his Lady Christian married, as his second wife, Robert Boyd, 7th Lord Boyd, sometime after 9 December 1617. She died in 1645.

### Descendants

Through his daughter Helen, Lady Ardross, he was posthumously a grandfather of Euphemia Scott, who married William Cochrane, 1st Earl of Dundonald, the Shire Commissioner for Ayr.
Through his son John, he was posthumously a grandfather of Lady Anne Lindsay (wife of John Leslie, 1st Duke of Rothes), Lady Christian Lindsay (wife of John Hamilton, 4th Earl of Haddington), William Lindsay, 18th Earl of Crawford, Hon. Patrick Lindsay (later Crawford of Kilbirnie), Lady Helen Lindsay (wife of Sir Robert Sinclair, 3rd Baronet, of Stevenston), and Lady Elizabeth Lindsay (wife of David Carnegie, 3rd Earl of Northesk).
# Upton House, Newham

Upton House was a building in West Ham, Essex (now the London Borough of Newham) on what is now the corner of Lancaster Road and Upton Lane It was rebuilt in 1731. In 1827, it was the birthplace of the surgeon Joseph Lister. In 1893 a temporary church for St Peter's Church, Upton Cross was set up in its gardens, with the house forming the vicarage - the permanent church was later built in the gardens. The vicarage was demolished in 1967-1968 and its site is now occupied by Joseph Lister Court.
# Matthijs Röling

Matthijs Nicolaas Röling (31 March 1943 – 10 July 2024) was a Dutch painter, active as graphic designer, wall painter, painter, draftsman, lithographer, pen artist, etcher, and academy lecturer. He is considered a kindred spirit of the 3rd generation of the Dutch Group of figurative abstraction. Röling is described as the "figurehead of contemporary figurative painting in the Netherlands."

## Life and work

Röling was born in Oostkapelle and educated at the Royal Academy of Art, The Hague from 1960 to 1963, and at the Rijksacademie in Amsterdam in 1963-1964. His first museum exhibition took place in 1965 in the Drents Museum in Assen. In 1972 he became a lecturer at the Academie Minerva in Groningen, where he educated Peter Pander, Douwe Elias and Jan van der Kooi. He also lectured at the Classical Academy for fine art in Groningen.
His artistic breakthrough came in 1976 with a series of still lifes, which he called cabinets. In 1983 he made his first big mural in the Nijsinghhuis in Eelde.
Along with Wout Muller he stood in Groningen at the cradle of the Northern realism. He made together with Muller in 1987, the mural "The tree of knowledge" in the auditorium of the academy building of the University of Groningen. Right down on the painting can be recognized the faces of Professor Bert Röling, the father of Matthijs, and Professor of Art History Henk van Os, initiator of the mural.
Röling died by euthanasia in Ezinge, on 10 July 2024, at the age of 81.

## Awards and honors

* 1994 – Amsterdam Award for the Arts.
* 1994 – Dr A. H. Heineken Prize for Art.
* 2005 – Sacha Tanja medal for Dutch Figurative Art.
* 2011 – Knight of the Order of the Dutch Lion.

## Exhibitions (selection)

* 1993: Galerie Mokum in Amsterdam.
* 1997: Museum de Buitenplaats in Eelde.
* 2005: Drents Museum in Assen, and former Scheringa Museum of Realist Art in Spanbroek.
* 2008: Marie Tak van Poortvliet Museum in Domburg
* 2014: "Artists choose artists" in Museum Martena, Franeker.

## Trivia

* Matthijs Röling was the son of jurist Bert Röling.
* Röling was a cousin of artist Marte Röling.
# Masha (unit)

A masha is a traditional Indian unit of mass, now standardized as 0.972 grams (0.0343 oz).
The essential unit of mass used in India included ratti, masha, tola, chattank, seer and maund.
Grain is usually taken is rice
8 grains of rice = 1 Ratti
8 Ratti = 1 Masha
12 Masha = 1 Tola
5 Tola = 1 chatank
16 chatank = 1 Saer
40 saer = 1 maund 1 saer = 933.12 g
1 maund = 37.325 kg (now a day says 40 kg= 1maund) 25 Mann = 1 Ton (1000 KG)
Before "rice" is "khas khas"that is poppyseed. It is "8 khaskhas = 1 chawal(rice)".
# Nagiella quadrimaculalis

Nagiella quadrimaculalis is a moth in the family Crambidae. It is widely distributed in southern and eastern Asia and is known from Nepal, Northeast India, China (including Tibet), Russian Far East, Korea, Japan, Taiwan, and Indonesia and Malaysia (including Borneo).
The wingspan is 26–43 mm (1.0–1.7 in). The wings are brown. The larvae feed on Rhus chinensis.
# William C. Warren

William C. Warren (c. 1836 – October 31, 1870) was the first regularly employed law enforcement officer in the city of Los Angeles. He earned that distinction when he was elected Los Angeles City Marshal from 1865 until 1869. Warren served as leader of the local police force that consisted of six officers. His second marshalship had elements consistent with the renegade nature of that era, when he was shot dead by one of his deputy officers over a quarrel regarding reward money.

## Biography

William C. Warren was born on a farm in southwestern Michigan in 1836. He migrated to California and by June 1860 Warren was the deputy of City Marshal Thomas Trafford and was living with him. In December 1860 he married Juanita Lopez, a daughter of the Paredon Blanco settler Jose Francisco Lopez. The couple had three daughters. The eldest, Ida, became the mother of the later Los Angeles County Sheriff Eugene Biscailuz.
As a deputy city marshal, at the end of 1861, Warren assisted J. E. Pleasants, overseeing one of William Wolfskill's ranches, to pursue and capture several horse thieves who were sent to the penitentiary.
Warren, a Republican, was elected Los Angeles City Marshal from 1865 to 1869 with the help of the Californio voters in this Democrat dominated city. As city marshal once again in 1869, Warren also served as the first head of the local police force of six officers in a city that had about 5,600 residents. The city granted Warren $50 to furnish his headquarters and $25 a month for rent. He also was dog catcher and tax collector, being paid 25% of all the tax money he collected. However the following year:
   During the second marshalship of William C. Warren, when Joe Dye, was one of his deputy officers, there was great traffic in Chinese women, one of whom was kidnapped and carried off to San Diego. A reward of a hundred dollars was offered for her return, and she was brought back on a charge of theft and tried in the Court of Justice Trafford, on Temple Street near Spring. During the trial, on October 31, 1870, Warren and Dye fell into a dispute as to the reward; and the quarrel was renewed outside the courtroom. At a spot near the corner of Spring and Temple streets Dye shot and killed Warren; and in the scrimmage several other persons standing near were wounded. Dye was tried, but acquitted. Dye won an acquittal but the disposition of the reward is unknown.
# Into the West (album)

Into the West is the debut album released in 2004 by New Zealand singer, Yulia (Yulia MacLean). That same year, the album was rereleased in December as a two disc special edition, entitled Into The West Special Christmas Edition.

## Track listing
### Original release

* "Into The West"
* "Scarborough Fair"
* "Angel"
* "The Prayer"
* "L'hymne à l'amour"
* "Hoki Hoki Tonu Mai/E Pari Ra"
* "Softly Whispering I Love You"
* "I Go To Sleep"
* "If You Go Away"
* "One Day I'll Fly Away"
* "Ombra mai fu"
* "Russia"
* "Bailero"
* "Otchi Tchornia"

### Special Christmas Edition

The Special Christmas Edition contained a bonus disc with the tracks:
* "I'll Be Home For Christmas"
* "Teehaya Noch (Silent Night)"
* "Mary's Boy Child"

## Charts

| Chart (2004–05) | Peak position |
| New Zealand Albums (RMNZ) | 1 |

## Certifications

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| New Zealand (RMNZ) | 4× Platinum | 60,000$^^$ |
| $^^$ Shipments figures based on certification alone. |||
# St Audoen within Newgate

St. Audoen's Church (within Newgate) (alternatively known as St. Ewen's, St. Ewan's or St. Ewin's) was a medieval parish church in the City of London situated on the north-east corner of Newgate Street and Eldeness Lane (now Warwick Lane). It was first mentioned as Parochia sancti Audoeni in around 1220. Named in honour of Audoen or Ouen, the seventh-century Bishop of Rouen, it was anciently called Sti Audoeni juxta fratres minores London (infra Newgate). Like its sister church in Dublin, it is believed that this was home to a religious guild of St. Anne.
In 1546, Henry VIII gave the church, along with St Nicholas Shambles and the dissolved Christ Church priory to the City corporation. A new parish was created for Christ Church, out of those of St Audoen and St Nicholas, and part of that of St Sepulchre. St Audoen's Church was demolished in around 1583.
# Castello di Bifar

The Castello di Bifar was a castle in Campobello di Licata, Sicily. It was built in around the 11th century, and was captured by the Normans in around 1086. The castle is only known from documents such as the writings of Goffredo Malaterra.
The castle was destroyed in the 1693 Sicily earthquake, and no remains have survived today.
# Greenhalgh Castle

Greenhalgh Castle is a castle, now ruined, near the town of Garstang in Lancashire, England.
Thomas Stanley, 1st Earl of Derby, had the castle built in 1490 to provide defence for his estates around Garstang. He was also allowed to enclose a park and have in it 'free warren and chase'. The land on which the castle was built is said to be a gift to Stanley from his stepson Henry Tudor for his assistance in defeating Richard III at the Battle of Bosworth. In the 16th century John Leland described it as a 'pretty castle of the lords of Derby'.
During the English Civil War the castle was garrisoned by James Stanley, 7th Earl of Derby in support of Charles I. It was one of the last two Royalist strongholds in Lancashire to succumb following a bitter siege during 1644/45 by Oliver Cromwell's forces. The other was Lathom. The siege was led by Colonel Dodding and Major Joseph Rigbie. The garrison at Greenhalgh Castle eventually surrendered in May 1645 provisional on their being granted safe conduct to return to their homes unharmed. Thereafter, demolition teams partially destroyed the castle to ensure that it could not be used again for military purposes. Following continued deterioration of the ruins, the only remains of the original four towers is the lower portion of one. Many of the local farmhouses, including the neighbouring Castle Farm which was built in the 17th century, have incorporated the stones from the castle ruins into their buildings. In 1772 Thomas Pennant described it as 'the poor remains of Greenhaugh Castle'.