OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Flamicell

The Flamicell, or Flamisell is a river in the province of Pallars, Catalonia, Spain. It is 34 km long and is a tributary of the Noguera Pallaresa. This river is known for the variation in flow depending on the time of the year and the meteorological conditions. The flow is also very strong because it brings water from many different lakes, one of them being the Lake Gento (see Cabdella Lakes). In 1937, the flow was so strong that it destroyed the hydroelectric station in Cabdella and brought to La Pobla de Segur a flow of 700 m³/s.
Its name is derived from the Latin word flamicellu which means small river.

## Course

The source of the river is in Cabdella and it flows south passing the town of La Pobleta de Bellvei and the village of La Plana de Mont-ros. Two tributaries join it and the river reaches its maximum width. A few kilometres later it passes La Pobla de Segur and joins the river of Noguera Pallaresa just above the Sant Antoni reservoir.

## Hydroelectric energy

This river has been used to generate hydroelectric energy for more than a hundred years. There are four hydroelectric power stations along the river located at La Pobla de Segur, Cabdella, La Plana de Mont-ros and Molinos.

## Conditions

This river has a very good oxygen saturation of a 77% and 5 mg/L of nitrates. That indicates that the river is in very good natural conditions.

## Fish

The main fish that live in this river is the common trout. It has been confirmed that the 95% of this species, opposite from the salmon, do not reach the sea. Also the 95% of the common trout that live in this river have an average movement of fifty meters. Which means that only a 5% of them travel for distances longer than 500 meters.
# Rami Raofat

Rami Raofat (Arabic: رامي رفعت) (born August 20, 1990) is a footballer. An all-round midfielder, he played for the Danish club FC Nordsjælland at youth level. Born in Denmark, he represented that nation and Egypt at youth international levels.

## Career

In December 2006, he trialed at Serie A's Reggina, but his education meant that he would have to wait before leaving Denmark.
From 2007 to the end of 2009, he was the captain of the FC Nordsjælland youth team.
In summer 2010, he trialed at Premier League club Sunderland and his performance in the trial attracted several Football League Championship teams who were interested in his service.

## International career

In early 2007, Raofat was called up to the Denmark Under-17 team.
In June 2008, at the age of 17, he received a call-up from the Denmark Under-19 team, but there was controversy over which national team he would choose, as Egypt had also shown interest.
A few months later though, Rami became officially a member of Egypt's youth team. He was called up by former manager Rabie Yassin. He made his debut in a friendly against Rwanda before the team was heading to African Youth Championship.
# S225XR

S225XR was a wingless, integrated rocket/ramjet powered, active radar-guided medium-range air-to-air missile concept initially proposed by a BAe Dynamics led team to meet the United Kingdom Ministry of Defence's, requirement for a missile to arm Eurofighter. S225XR was the ultimate in a series of proposed developments of the BAe Dynamics Skyflash pursued jointly by the UK and Sweden since the late 1970s.
In 1978 Sweden bought the rights to Skyflash, known as Rb 71 in Flygvapnet service, from BAe. Sweden's Defence Materiel Administration (FMV) subsequently began an independent development of Skyflash with a new active seeker, with BAe acting as a sub-contractor to Sweden's Saab Dynamics.
In 1984 the FMV began renewed studies of their active seeker design, the Rb 71A, or Sky Flash 90, and the all-new wingless ramjet-powered Rb 73. A Memorandum of Understanding was signed with BAe Dynamics that same year to co-operate on Rb 73 development. Studies were conducted on longer range designs with wings and datalinks, the Rb 73D/Rb 73DL. A lack of FMV funding brought the Rb 73 programme to a halt in 1987.
In 1988 BAe Dynamics and Thomson-CSF (now Thales) agreed to jointly fund development of a version of Skyflash with an active radar seeker. The Active Sky Flash (ASF) was to include a Thomson-CSF seeker and a new warhead developed by LFK, the guided missile division of Daimler-Benz Aerospace (DASA) now known as MBDA Deutschland GmbH. Concepts progressed from the basic ASF to the agile tail-controlled ASF TC Mk. II. Prototype seekers were delivered in 1990 with air-carriage trials in 1991.
Saab Dynamics continued to refine the Rb 73 design using company funds and renewed links were established with BAe Dynamics, to meet the emerging requirement to arm the RAF's Eurofighters. As Eurofighter became the driver behind the missile's development, BAe took charge of the programme. ASF was terminated in 1992 to be replaced by a new wingless concept known as S225X, the name deriving from the internal postal code of the BAe project manager's office at Stevenage.
S225X was first unveiled at the 1992 Farnborough Air Show. GEC-Marconi Dynamics and Alenia Difesa joined the programme in 1993. In 1994 a ramjet powered version, known as S225XR, was proposed in response to the UK requirement for a future medium-range air-to-air missile for Eurofighter. This team became part of the European group which eventually won the competition with Meteor.
# Flight 175: As the World Watched

Flight 175: As the World Watched is an American television documentary film. It covers the final moments of the passengers and crew on board United Airlines Flight 175, which was the second commercial airliner to strike the World Trade Center, impacting with the South Tower during the September 11 attacks.
The documentary features interviews with a variety of people, including:
* relatives of the passengers and crew members, some of whom received final phone calls from their loved ones,
* air traffic controllers who responded to the aircraft, and
* the two F-15 fighter pilots scrambled from Otis Air National Guard Base who flew in the airspace over Lower Manhattan during the event.
* music from composer Carl Schroeder, who wrote "Christine's Lullaby", in honor of Christine Lee Hanson, a passenger on the jet, and at age 2, the terrorists' youngest victim.
# Edward Bibring

Edward Bibring (1894–1959) was an Austrian American psychoanalyst. He studied philosophy and history at the University of Czernowitz until the first World War. After his military service he went to study medicine at the University of Vienna, and later was accepted for training by the Vienna Psychoanalytic Society, in which he became an associate member from 1925, and then a full member in 1927. He was closely associated with Sigmund Freud. He was an co-editor of the Internationale Zeitschrift für Psychoanalyse for a brief period. In 1921 he married his fellow analyst Grete L. Bibring, and in 1941 the pair emigrated to the US.

## Writings

His publishing's focused on scientific contributions to the theory of psychoanalytic therapy, the study of depression, and the history of psychoanalysis.
Bibring's early writings included studies of the instincts, and of the repetition compulsion. He also wrote a pair of articles on paranoia in schizophrenia, including a case study of a woman who believed herself to be persecuted by someone called "Behind", a figure onto whom she had projected aspects of her own rear.
Ernest Jones reported with approval Bibring's measured disagreement with Freud's concept of the death drive: "Instincts of life and death are not psychologically perceptible as such; they are biological instincts whose existence is required by hypothesis alone...[&] ought only to be adduced in a theoretical context and not in discussion of a clinical or empirical nature".
While struggling with writer's block in the States, Bibring did publish a 1954 article on the role of abreaction in what he called "emotional reliving" - a theme later developed by Vamik Volkan in his re-grief therapy.
# Fin, Iran

Fin (Persian: فين) is a city in, and the capital of, Fin District of Bandar Abbas County, Hormozgan province, Iran. It also serves as the administrative center for Fin Rural District.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the city's population was 3,532 in 860 households. The following census in 2011 counted 5,279 people in 1,325 households. The 2016 census measured the population of the city as 3,939 people in 1,161 households.

## 2021 earthquake

On 14 November 2021, Fin experienced a major doublet earthquake.
# WAOA-FM

WAOA-FM (107.1 MHz) is a commercial radio station licensed to Melbourne and covering Florida's Space Coast. Owned by Cumulus Media, it broadcasts a top 40 (CHR) radio format. It calls itself W A One A, named after Coastal Florida highway State Road A1A. The radio studios and offices are on West Hibiscus Boulevard in Melbourne.
WAOA-FM has an effective radiated power (ERP) of 100,000 watts, the maximum power for non-grandfathered FM stations. It can be heard as far north as Daytona Beach, as far west as Winter Haven and far south as Port St. Lucie. Its transmitter is in Melbourne, on Harlock Road, visible from Interstate 95. As of October 2007, the station was streamed online and can be accessed via iHeartRadio, Audacy, TuneIn, or directly on WAOA's website.

## History

In November 1972, the station signed on as WTAI-FM with an adult contemporary music format. It briefly aired a beautiful music format in 1978. Then on July 10, 1978, it changed its call sign to WLLV, and its format to Contemporary Christian music. On February 24, 1984, the call sign was switched to WVTI, and the format flipped to CHR.
On December 15, 1989, the station changed call signs again, becoming WAOA, and changed its format to Hot AC. It adjusted to regular AC in 1996, then back to CHR in 2002, a year after the station was bought by Cumulus. WAOA became the current WAOA-FM on June 29, 2000, when sister A.M. station WLZR became WAOA.
WAOA-FM is often ranked #1, the most-listened-to radio station in the Cocoa Beach-Melbourne-Titusville Nielsen Audio market.
# Tetrameryx

Tetrameryx is an extinct genus of the North American artiodactyl family Antilocapridae, known from Mexico, the western United States, and Saskatchewan in Canada.

## Taxonomy

The name means "four [horned] ruminant", referring to the division of each horn near its base into two prongs; in T. shuleri, the rear prong is much longer. 5 species are known.

## Description

One member of the genus, T. shuleri, survived until about 12,000 years ago, and was present when Paleo-Indians reached North America. Although approximately the same size as the living pronghorn, the limb bones are somewhat more robust, suggesting that its running speed was slower than living pronghorn.
# Protosirenidae

Protosirenidae is an extinct primitive family of the order Sirenia.
Protosirenids are thought to have been amphibious quadrupeds, meaning that they spent their time both on land and in the water and had four legs.
# Sonnaz

Sonnaz (French pronunciation:; Arpitan: Sonâ) is a commune in the Savoie department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region in south-eastern France. It is part of the urban area of Chambéry.
# University of Oxford Department for Continuing Education

The University of Oxford Department for Continuing Education is a department within the University of Oxford that provides continuing education mainly for part-time and mature students. It is located at Rewley House, Wellington Square, and at Ewert House, both in Oxford, England.
Some 15,000 students comprise the department, of which roughly 5,000 study for an Oxford University award or credit-bearing course. Other types of courses offered by the department include online courses, virtual classes, weekly classes, day and weekend courses, professional development and summer schools.

## History

The 19th century saw an awakening social awareness to the needs of working-class people generally, and Oxford University signalled an educational responsibility to the general community by sending lecturers into towns and cities across Victorian England, bringing university education to a diverse adult audience. The University of Oxford was one of the founders, in the late 19th century, of the so-called 'extension' movement, wherein universities began to offer educational opportunities to adult learners outside their traditional student base. The University of Oxford Standing Committee of the Delegacy of Local Examinations was established in 1878. The first of the early "Oxford Extension Lectures" was delivered at the King Edward VI School in Birmingham, in September 1878 by the Reverend Arthur Johnson. By 1893, Oxford University Extension Centres were bringing adult education to much of England and a few cities in Wales.
In 1927 the university purchased Rewley House on Wellington Square in Oxford as the permanent base of what was then known as the "University of Oxford Delegacy for Extra-Mural Studies", and which later was renamed as the Oxford University Department for Continuing Education. During the 1990s Kellogg College was co-located here.
# Privy Councillor (Russia)

Privy Councillor (Russian: тайный советник, romanized: tayny sovetnik) was the civil position (class) in the Russian Empire, according to the Table of Ranks introduced by Peter the Great in 1722. Initially, it was a civil rank of the 4th class, but from 1724 it was upgraded to the 3rd class. The rank was equal to those of Lieutenant-General in the Army and Vice-Admiral in the Navy. The rank holder should be addressed as Your Excellency (Russian: Ваше Превосходительство, Vashe Prevoskhoditelstvo).

## Overview

The name of the rank can be associated with the original meaning of the words "secret" and "trustworthy". Those awarded this rank occupied the highest public offices, such as Minister or Deputy Minister, the head of a large department, senator, and academic of the Imperial Academy of Sciences. Occasionally, the rank was awarded to the long-time province governors to recognize their merits before their transfer to the capital. In addition to St. Petersburg, Privy Councillors could serve in Moscow and other large cities of the Russian Empire, for example in Tbilisi. The rector of Moscow State University, well-known historians Sergey Solovyov and Vasily Klyuchevsky, Professor of the Moscow Theological Academy Nicolay Subbotin were Privy Councillors. In 1903, there were 553 Privy Councillors in Russia.
The rank was abolished in 1917 by the Soviet decree on estates and civil ranks.
# Mike Booker

Michael Booker (born 22 October 1947) is an English former professional footballer who played as a left back in the Football League for Barnsley and Bradford (Park Avenue).
# Xingu River

The Xingu River (/ʃiːŋˈɡuː/ sheeng-GOO; Portuguese: Rio Xingu; Mẽbêngôkre: Byti$^{:73}$) is a 1,640 km (1,020 mi) river in north Brazil. It is a southeast tributary of the Amazon River and one of the largest clearwater rivers in the Amazon basin, accounting for about 5% of its water.

## Description and history

The first Indigenous Park in Brazil was created in the river basin by the Brazilian government in the early 1960s. This park marks the first indigenous territory recognized by the Brazilian government and it was the world's largest indigenous preserve on the date of its creation. Currently, fourteen tribes live within Xingu Indigenous Park, surviving on natural resources and extracting from the river most of what they need for food and water.
The Brazilian government built the Belo Monte Dam on the Lower Xingu, which began operations in 2019 and is the world's fifth-largest hydroelectric dam. Construction of this dam was under legal challenge by environment and indigenous groups, who assert the dam would have negative environmental and social impacts along with reducing the flow by up to 80% along a 100 km (60 mi) stretch known as the Volta Grande ("Big Bend"). The river flow in this stretch is highly complex and includes major sections of rapids. More than 450 fish species have been documented in the Xingu River Basin and it is estimated that the total is around 600 fish species, including many endemics. At least 193 fish species living in rapids are known from the lower Xingu, and at least 26 of these are endemic. From 2008 to 2018 alone, 24 new fish species have been described from the river. Many species are seriously threatened by the dam, which will significantly alter the flow in the Volta Grande rapids.
In the Upper Xingu region was a highly self-organized pre-Columbian anthropogenic landscape, including deposits of fertile agricultural terra preta, black soil in Portuguese, with a network of roads and polities each of which covered about 250 square kilometers.
Near the source of Xingu River is Culuene River, a 600 kilometres (370 mi) tributary.

## In popular culture

* The name is the title of a humorous Edith Wharton short story from 1911.
* "Xingu" is the title of a song on Waterfall Cities, a 1999 album by Ozric Tentacles.
* The river is also honoured in the album Aguas da Amazonia.
* A beer produced near the river is sold in the international market under the name "Xingu".
* In the novel Relic by Douglas Preston and Lincoln Child, the Xingu River is the location of the doomed Whittlesey/Maxwell expedition responsible for discovering evidence of the lost Kothoga tribe and their savage god Mbwun.
* Xingu is a 2011 Brazilian movie, directed by Brazilian film-maker Cao Hamburger. The movie tells the story of the Villas-Bôas brothers 1943 expedition to the region, which led to the creation of the indigenous reserve twenty years later.
* The Embraer Xingu is a design of twin-engine airplane manufactured in the 1970s by Brazilian company [Embraer]
# Blaze (novel)

Blaze is a novel by American writer Stephen King, published under the pseudonym of Richard Bachman. King announced on his website that he "found it" in an attic. As stated in the afterword of Different Seasons, it was written before Carrie. King offered the original draft of the novel to his Doubleday publishers at the same time as 'Salem's Lot; the latter was chosen to be his second novel and Blaze became a "trunk novel." King rewrote the manuscript, editing out much of what he perceived as over-sentimentality in the original text, and offered the book for publication in 2007. The book also has an annex containing "Memory", a short story that was first published in 2006 and which King has since worked into Duma Key.

## Plot summary

The story concerns Clayton Blaisdell Jr. (known as "Blaze" for short, thus the title), a mentally disabled small-time con artist who kidnaps a wealthy gentleman's baby son, in the hopes of fulfilling the dreams of George Thomas Rackley, Blaze's deceased best friend and partner in crime and who continues to help him.

## King's comments on the book

On King's website, the following was posted in the "Future Works" section on November 28, 2006:
   Many of you have been asking for more information about publication of Blaze following Steve's mention of it on his recent Lisey's Story book tour. This is another Bachman novel which he recently rediscovered. The original manuscript of Blaze was 173 pages long and was written in 1973. He has rewritten the first 100 pages. A lot of it needed editing to make it more timely since the 1973 references no longer worked. He's hoping to get it done by the end of the year. No publication deal has been signed, but he's sure there will be one.
In an interview with Lilja of Lilja's Library (posted January 16, 2007), King said:
   I have been thinking about [Blaze] off and on for a while and every time I would think about it... you know I did the early books as Richard Bachman books and this is going to be a Bachman because it came from the same time. It was written right before Carrie and finally I thought to myself... the reason I've never done it was because, in my memory at least, it was a tearjerker of a book, you know it was kind of sentimental and just kind of... every now and then I think of what Oscar Wilde said about The Little Match Girl. He said that it's impossible to read about the little match girl without weeping tears of laughter and... you know something that is so sad it's actually funny.
(Wilde's actual quote was about Charles Dickens's novel The Old Curiosity Shop: "One must have a heart of stone to read the death of Little Nell without laughing.")
# Democratic League/Movement for the Labour Party

The Democratic League/Movement for the Labour Party (Ligue Démocratique/Mouvement pour le Parti du Travail) is a political party in Senegal.

## History

The congress of the General Union of Senegalese Students Probationary Teachers in Europe held in April 1975 provoked a split on behalf of the students of PAI. The students, who went on to form LD, wanted a more radical Marxist-Leninist party.
Beginning in 1978 one tendency led by Moussa Kane made contact with the PAI of Majhmout Diop. On March 29 Kane and his followers joined the legal PAI.
LD founded the monthly magazine Vérité.
LD was recognized as a legal political party on July 9, 1981. After legalization it started publishing Fagaru.
In the late 1970s, LD started advocating the unification of the Marxist left in Senegal into a single party (they proposed the name Parti Sénégalais du Travail). Thus it later changed its name to LD/MPT.
The LD/MDT won three seats in the 1993 parliamentary election and joined the Socialist Party-led government in June 1993, during the presidency of Abdou Diouf. The party held two positions in the government. It left the government following the May 1998 parliamentary election, in which it again won three seats. In March 1999, the LD/MPT and two other left-wing parties, And-Jëf/African Party for Democracy and Socialism (AJ/PADS) and the Party of Independence and Labour (PIT), agreed to support the candidacy of opposition leader Abdoulaye Wade of the Senegalese Democratic Party (PDS) in the 2000 presidential election. Wade was victorious in the second round of the 2000 election, and the LD/MPT then joined the first government under Wade, holding two ministries: LD/MPT Secretary-General Abdoulaye Bathily became Minister of Energy and Hydraulics and Yéro Dé became Minister of the Civil Service, Employment and Labor.
In the 2001 parliamentary election, the LD/MPT was part of the ruling Sopi Coalition (also including the PDS). The LD/MPT won seven seats in the National Assembly.
The two LD/MPT ministers in the government, Yéro Deh and Seydou Sy Sall (who was Minister of Town Planning and Regional Planning), were dismissed by Wade on March 9, 2005. The party had become highly critical of Wade and the government, and it was accused of violating "governmental solidarity by constant, unjust and unfounded attacks against the president, his government and his party". An important factor in this was the opposition of the LD/MPT to an amnesty regarding the 1993 assassination of Constitutional Council vice-president Babacar Sèye. Prior to the dismissal of its ministers, the LD/MPT had already intended to leave the government on April 24.
The party no longer identifies itself as a communist party.
The youth wing of LD/MPT is known as Democratic Youth Movement (MDJ).