OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Rat trap

A rat trap is a trap designed to catch rats. Designs are often larger variations on mousetraps.

## Types of traps

Spring traps for large rodents such as rats or squirrels are powerful enough to break the animal's neck or spine. They may break human fingers as well, whereas an ordinary spring-based mousetrap is very unlikely to break a human finger. Rat spring traps may not be sensitive enough to spring when a mouse takes the bait.
A rat cage trap is a metal cage box-shaped device that is designed primarily to catch rats without killing them. Food bait (not poisoned) is put in the cage trap. When an animal enters the cage and moves toward the bait, the mechanism triggers and closes a door over the entry point. The animal is caught alive and without injury. The animal can be transported and released elsewhere or subsequently killed.
Glue traps are non-poisonous sticky glue spread over card boards and the like and kept in places rats frequent, which gets them stuck to it when they pass over it. The rat will subsequently die from dehydration and asphyxiation. A bait may also be placed on the cardboard to attract the rats.
Another form of non-lethal trap is one where the wires it is constructed of are cut and formed into a funnel shape directed into the body of the cage. This design is usually dome-shaped, with the funnel at the crown. Rats are extremely flexible and can push through the narrower opening into the cage, but cannot escape due to the ends of the wires poking them in the face. The advantage of this design is that it can catch more than one rat at a time.
Other types of traps (as shown below) are designed to kill the animal.
Electronic rat traps detect the presence of a rodent via metal plates on the floor of the trap, then deliver a lethal dose of high-voltage electricity stepped up from batteries to several thousand volts. Some brands offer remote indication to tell you when the trap has operated. The Eliminator (South Africa) and Victor (US) are two brands of electronic rat traps.
Glue traps, however, are not considered a humane method of rodent control, especially if the rodent is left to die. They can also harm non-targeted animals. However, they are still commonly used by professionals for insect monitoring in containers that prevent access by rodents.
Another trap design, often considered more humane, is a self-resetting rat trap like the Goodnature A24. These traps kill rodents with an impact from a CO$_2$-powered piston and are self-resetting.

## Gallery

* A rat cage trap containing bread as bait.
* A rat caught in a rat trap.
* Size comparison between a rat trap (above) and a mousetrap (below).
* Rat caught in a Victor Rat Trap.
* Rat caught in a live-catch cage trap.
* Rat caught in a glue-trap
* Goodnature A24 trap powered by a CO2 canister
* Glue trap
# Stare Olesno

Stare Olesno (German: Alt Rosenberg) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Olesno, within Olesno County, Opole Voivodeship, in south-western Poland. It lies approximately 7 kilometres (4 mi) north-west of Olesno and 41 km (25 mi) north-east of the regional capital Opole.

## Notable residents

* Konrad Barde (1897–1945), general
# Rasstriga

Rasstriga is an extinct genus of insects. It existed in what is now Illinois, U.S.A. during the Pennsylvanian subperiod. It was described by D. S. Aristov and A. P. Rasnitsyn in 2012, and the type species is R. americana. Its body measured 22.5 millimetres in length, while its forewings were about 23 millimetres. It is currently placed in the family Idelinellidae, although its placement is uncertain.
# Claraia

Claraia is an extinct genus of scallop-like bivalve molluscs that lived from the Capitanian stage of the Middle Permian to the Anisian stage of the Middle Triassic, 266-237 million years ago. Fossils have been found worldwide in North America, Europe, Asia, Africa, and Australia. These are common fossils subsequent to the Permian-Triassic boundary, suggesting that the genus experienced rapid diversification during and after the Permian–Triassic extinction event, around 251.9 million years ago, making it a Disaster taxon

## Ecology

Claraia may have been an opportunistic genus that filled the niche of many benthic invertebrates such as brachiopods that were heavily impacted by the extinction. A narrowing of the byssal notch and a trend towards a smoother shell in species of Claraia over time may have led to increased mobility. This increase in mobility may have been an advantage over more sessile animals during the extinction event. It is thought to have lived in anoxic waters at great depths, and therefore may have been better adapted for the anoxic event that may have occurred during the Permian–Triassic extinction event.
# Tom Vangeneugden

Tom Vangeneugden (born 31 January 1983) is a Belgian swimmer.
He was born in Overpelt and currently resides in Overijse. He holds the 800m, 1500m and 4x200 freestyle long course national records.
Personal bests :
| Event | Long course | Short course |
| 800 m freestyle | 8:03.27 (NR) | 7:51.43 (NR) |
| 1500 m freestyle | 15:11.04 (NR) | 14:45.73 (NR) |
| (NR) – National record |||
# Louise of Anhalt-Dessau

Louise of Anhalt-Dessau (German: Luise; 10 February 1631, in Dessau – 25 April 1680, in Ohlau), was a German princess (German: Fürstin) of the House of Ascania in the branch of Anhalt-Dessau and by marriage Duchess of Legnica, Brzeg, Wołów, and Oława.
She was the fifth child (but third daughter) of John Casimir, Prince of Anhalt-Dessau, by his first wife Agnes, daughter of Maurice, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel.

## Life

Louise married Christian, Duke of Brieg-Oława, on 24 November 1648 in her native city of Dessau. At that time, her husband was only co-ruler with his older brothers George III and Louis IV. Only four years later, in 1652, Louise gave birth to her first child, a daughter called Karolina.
One year after receiving the inheritance of their uncle George Rudolf of Legnica in 1653, George III, Louis IV, and Christian decided to divide up their domains; Christian obtained the small and poor duchies of Wołów and Oława. Louise and her husband settled in Oława, where she gave birth in 1657 a second daughter, Louise, who died on 6 February 1660 at age thirty-two months. Seven months later, on 29 September, the Ducal couple's third child, the long-awaited son and heir, George William, was born. Louise had her fourth and last child in 1664, a second son called Christian Louis, who lived only one month.
The eventual inheritance of all the Legnica lands to Christian seemed inevitable, since none of his older brothers had surviving male issue. The deaths of Louis IV in 1663 and George III in 1664 finally left Christian as sole ruler of all the family lands.
Duke Christian died on 28 February 1672. His only surviving son, George William, succeeded him in Legnica-Brzeg, but because he was a minor, the regency was held by his mother Louise, who was the regnant Duchess of Wołów-Oława as her dower, in accordance with her husband's will.
The Duchess-Regent, who was a tolerant and generous person, financially assisted the Catholics, thereby earning the hatred of the Protestant population of the Duchy. They decided to accelerate the formal proclamation of the young Duke George William as an adult. Despite Louise's protests, Emperor Leopold I declared George Wilhelm an adult and ruler of his Duchy as of 14 March 1675. One of the first acts of the Duke was to strip his mother of Wołów, a part of her dower. However, George William's reign was short; he died eight months later, on 21 November, a victim of smallpox. Without issue, the House of Piast became extinct in the male line with him.
Louise retained her dower lands and retired to Oława, where she spend her last years constructing the Baroque Silesian Piast mausoleum at the church of St. John the Baptist in Legnica, also called the Piasteum, where she had buried the remains of her husband, son, and some of their ancestors. She died in 1680 and was buried next to her husband. Her estates were taken over by her overlord, the Habsburg king of Bohemia.
# Black Magic (Eminem song)

"Black Magic" is a song by American rapper Eminem from the deluxe edition of his eleventh studio album Music to Be Murdered By. It was released as the album's second track on December 18, 2020, via Shady Records along with the rest of Music to Be Murdered By – Side B. Written by Eminem, Skylar Grey, Jayson DeZuzio, Elliott Taylor and Luis Resto, it was produced by Grey and DeZuzio with additional production from Eminem. The song features vocals by American singer and frequent collaborator Skylar Grey.
The song debuted at number 100 on the UK Singles Chart and number 20 on the UK R&B Singles Chart. It was released as a single in Italy on December 25, 2020, through Universal.

## Personnel

* Marshall Mathers – main artist, vocals, additional producer, songwriter
* Holly Brook Hafermann – featured artist, vocals, producer, songwriter
* Jayson DeZuzio – producer, songwriter
* Luis Resto – keyboards, songwriter
* Elliott Taylor – songwriter
* Mike Strange – recording, mixing
* Tony Campana – recording

## Charts

| Chart (2020) | Peak position |
| Canada (Canadian Hot 100) | 77 |
| New Zealand Hot Singles (RMNZ) | 7 |
| UK Singles (OCC) | 100 |
| UK Hip Hop/R&B (OCC) | 20 |
| US Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs (Billboard) | 38 |
# Stary Las, Opole Voivodeship

Stary Las is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Głuchołazy, within Nysa County, Opole Voivodeship, in south-western Poland, close to the Czech border. It lies approximately 9 kilometres (6 mi) north of Głuchołazy, 11 km (7 mi) south-east of Nysa, and 49 km (30 mi) south-west of the regional capital Opole.
# London Protocol (1852)

On 8 May 1852, after the First War of Schleswig, an agreement called the London Protocol was signed. This international treaty was the revision of an earlier protocol, which had been ratified on 2 August 1850, by the major German powers of Austria and Prussia. The second London Protocol was recognised by the five major European powers—Austria, France, Prussia, Russia, and the United Kingdom—as well as by the Baltic Sea powers of Denmark and Sweden.
The Protocol affirmed the integrity of the Danish federation as a "European necessity and standing principle". Accordingly, the duchies of Schleswig (a Danish fief) and of Holstein and Lauenburg (German fiefs) were joined by personal union with the Kingdom of Denmark. However, Frederick VII of Denmark was childless, so a change in dynasty was imminent and the lines of succession for the duchies and Denmark diverged. That meant that, contrary to the Protocol, the new king of Denmark would not also be the new duke of Holstein and Lauenburg. So for this purpose, the line of succession to the duchies was modified. Further, it was affirmed that the duchies were to remain as independent entities, and that Schleswig would have no greater constitutional affinity to Denmark than Holstein did.
In 1851, the Russian emperor Nicholas I had recommended that Prince Christian of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg (born 1818) should be advanced in the Danish succession, and this proposal was confirmed by the London Protocol on 8 May 1852, when Prince Christian was chosen to follow Frederick VII's aging uncle Ferdinand in the line of succession. A justification for this choice was Christian's marriage in 1842 to Louise of Hesse-Kassel, who was a daughter of the closest female relative of Frederick VII. Louise's mother and elder siblings renounced their rights in favor of Louise and her husband.
The decision of the London Protocol was implemented by the Danish Law of Succession of 31 July 1853 entitled Royal Ordinance settling the Succession to the Crown on Prince Christian of Glücksburg. This designated him as second-in-line to the Danish throne, following the elderly Prince Ferdinand. Consequently, Prince Christian and his family were granted the titles of Prince and Princess of Denmark and the style of Highness.
The major powers primarily wanted to ensure, by guaranteeing Denmark's territorial integrity, that the strategically significant port of Kiel would not fall into Prussian hands. Eleven years later, this treaty became the trigger for the German–Danish war of 1864. Prussia and Austria declared that Denmark had violated the Protocol by introducing the November Constitution, which Christian IX of Denmark signed on 18 November 1863. After an initial period of joint Austro–Prussian administration, Kiel was ultimately delivered to Prussia in 1867.
# Tarisai Musakanda

Tarisai Musakanda (born 31 October 1994) is a Zimbabwean cricketer who plays for the national cricket team. He was part of Zimbabwe's squad for the 2014 ICC Under-19 Cricket World Cup.

## Domestic career

He made both his List A and his first-class debut in 2014.
In December 2018, during the opening round of the 2018–19 Logan Cup, Musakanda scored his maiden century in first-class cricket. In December 2020, he was named as the captain of the Rhinos for the 2020–21 Logan Cup.

## International career

In October 2016, he was included in Zimbabwe's Test squad for their series against Sri Lanka. The following month he was included in Zimbabwe's One Day International (ODI) squad for the tri-series against Sri Lanka and the West Indies. He made his ODI debut in the final of the tri-series against Sri Lanka.
In February 2017, he was named in an academy squad by Zimbabwe Cricket to tour England later that year. He made his Test debut for Zimbabwe against Sri Lanka in their one-off Test in Colombo on 14 July 2017.
In June 2018, he was named in a Zimbabwe Select team for warm-up fixtures ahead of the 2018 Zimbabwe Tri-Nation Series. Later the same month, he was named in a 22-man preliminary Twenty20 International (T20I) squad for the tri-nation series. He made his T20I debut for Zimbabwe against Pakistan on 1 July 2018, during the tri-series.
In September 2018, he was named as the captain of Zimbabwe's squad for the 2018 Africa T20 Cup tournament. He was the leading run-scorer for Zimbabwe in the tournament, with 182 runs in four matches.

## Personal life

In February 2022, Musakanda was charged with culpable homicide after failing to report a road accident in which a pedestrian was killed. The pedestrian was later identified as Gwinyai Chingoka, a Zimbabwean tennis player who had represented Zimbabwe at the Davis Cup. Musakanda was convicted in August 2022 and fined 30,000 Zimbabwean dollars. The judge said he had failed to take proper care while driving, since it was dark and raining, while the victim was wearing dark colours.
# Tsunami PTSD Center

The Tsunami Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Center is a nonprofit institution located in Bangkok, Thailand, committed to the study, treatment and education of PTSD and related mental health issues, many of which are specific to Asia.
The tsunami of December 26, 2004 devastated lives in many ways. In addition to the loss of lives and homes, many people in damaged areas continue to experience the effects of the disaster in the form of widespread psychological trauma.
The Tsunami PTSD Center proposes specifically to address the mental health needs of tsunami-affected areas through clinical research, treatment programs and educational initiatives. These initiatives will be created for health professionals and policy makers, researchers, and the general public.
The objectives of the Tsunami PTSD Center are threefold:
* Conduct clinical research to determine the best treatment paths and options for patients with PTSD in tsunami-affected areas, and in other areas of Asia affected with mental health issues. A DNA database will continue to be compiled as a mission-critical tool in this effort.
* Create programs and processes that systematically look at mental health issues such as PTSD from a public health perspective, and that incorporate research results into public health systems in a horizontal and coordinated manner.
* Educate the general public and healthcare professionals about PTSD and stress-related mental health issues. This initiative involves educating medical professionals and policy makers, educating the public through awareness campaigns and targeted messaging, as well as coordinating information for clinical studies among research professionals.
The Tsunami PTSD Center proposes to accomplish this by working collaboratively with international health organizations, public health ministries, private businesses and academia within Asia and around the world.
The initial partnership platform of the Office of the Prime Minister Thaksin Shinawatra, Thailand Ministry of Public Health, Thailand Department of Mental Health, Chulalongkorn University and the Thailand Center for Excellence in Life Sciences (TCELS) has provided a foundation and seed funding for this project. The Tsunami PTSD Center will actively raise funds from the public and private sectors in order to execute its mission.
# Rhynchonellata

The Rhynchonellata is a class of Lower Cambrian to Recent articulate brachiopods that combines orders from within the Rhynchonelliformea (Articulata revised) with well developed pedicle attachment. Shell forms vary from those with wide hinge lines to beaked forms with virtually no hinge line and from generally smooth to strongly plicate. Most all are biconvex. Lophophores vary and include both looped and spiraled forms. Although morphologically distinct, included orders follow a consistent phylogenetic sequence.

## Orders

Orders assigned to the Rhynchonellata, in temporal sequence, include:
* †Protorthida (Lower Cambrian – Upper Devonian)
* †Orthida (Lower Cambrian – Upper Permian)
* †Pentamerida (Middle Cambrian – Upper Devonian)
* †Atrypida (Lower Ordovician – Upper Devonian)
* Rhynchonellida (Lower Ordovician – Recent)
* †Spiriferida (Upper Ordovician – Lower Jurassic)
* †Athyridida (Upper Ordovician – Lower Jurassic)
* †Spiriferinida (Lower Devonian – Lower Jurassic)
* Terebratulida (Lower Devonian – Recent)
* Thecideida (Upper Triassic – Recent)
The Atrypida, Athyridida, Spiriferida, and Spiriferinida were previously considered as suborders in the Spiriferida and in the Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology part H, all having coiled spiralia for lophophore support. In the other orders the supporting brachidia are commonly looped.
The Orthida and Spiriferida have wide hinge lines where the two valves (or shells) articulate. The Pentamerida, Terebratulida, Atrypida and Athyridida have narrow hinge lines. Some, like the Rhynchonellida and Spiriferida, may be strongly plicate, with a median fold and sulcus. Others, like the Spiriferinida and Terebratulida are basically smooth. Most have shells without perforations known as punctae and are impunctate but some e.g. Orthida and Rhynchonellida have punctate offshoots.
# Rio Azuma

Rio Azuma (born 27 July 1998) is a Japanese fencer. She represented Japan in the women's team foil event at the 2020 Summer Olympics.
Azuma finished fifth in team foil at the 2018 Junior World Fencing Championships. She is the sister of fencer Sera Azuma. Their mother Miki fenced internationally at junior level, and encouraged both daughters to take up the sport.
# Ali Bashi Formation

The Ali Bashi Formation is a geologic formation in Armenia and Azerbaijan. It preserves fossils dated to the Changhsingian stage of the Permian period.
# Anthony Günther, Count of Oldenburg

Anthony Günther, Count of Oldenburg (aka Anton Günther, 10 November 1583 – 19 June 1667) was an Imperial Count and a member of the House of Oldenburg
Günther was born in Oldenburg and was the ruling count of Oldenburg from 1603 until his death in Rastede, and of Delmenhorst from 1647 until his death. He was the son of John VII (1540–1603) and Elisabeth of Schwarzburg-Blankenburg.
Anthony Günther married Sophie Catherine (28 June 1617 – 22 November 1696), a daughter of Alexander, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg and Dorothea of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen.

## Biography

S. Baring-Gould relates the following interesting anecdote about the count in his book "Strange Survivals Some Chapters in the History of Man":
In 1615 Count Anthony Günther of Oldenburg, on visiting a dyke in process of construction, found the workmen about to bury an infant under it. The count interfered, saved the child, reprimanded the dam-builders, and imprisoned the mother who had sold her babe for the purpose. Singularly enough, this same count is declared by tradition to have buried a living child in the foundations of his castle at Oldenburg.

## Haus "Graf Anton Günther"

The Haus "Graf Anton Günther" is a historic house in central Oldenburg, dating from 1682. Count Anton Günther is depicted on the facade, which was redesigned in the neo-Renaissance style in 1894. The house was used by merchants and tobacco manufacturers.
# John C. Roach

John C. Roach is a former Justice of the Kentucky Supreme Court. He was appointed by Governor Ernie Fletcher on June 10, 2005. His term ended on December 31, 2006. He lost an election to a new eight-year term in the November 2006 election to Judge Mary C. Noble.

## Biography

Roach was born and raised in Frankfort, Kentucky. He and his wife Maria have two children named Catherine and Bennett.
Roach attended Washington and Lee University for his undergraduate studies. He then went on to the University of Kentucky College of Law, where he graduated in the top five of his law school class, served as Articles Editor of the Kentucky Law Journal, and was a member of the Order of the Coif. After law school he clerked for Judge Pierce Lively on the United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit. Thereafter, Roach was an attorney with Akin, Gump, Strauss, Hauer & Feld in Washington, D.C. In 1995, he joined the law firm of Ransdell, Roach & Wier, PLLC in Lexington, Kentucky and was a partner there from 1996 until 2001.
Roach was General Counsel to Governor Fletcher before his appointment to the bench at the age of 38. He was Justice for the Fifth Judicial District.
Roach is currently a partner at Ransdell, Roach & Royce, a Lexington, Kentucky law firm.
# Stradunia

Stradunia is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Walce, within Krapkowice County, Opole Voivodeship, in south-western Poland.
It lies approximately 6 kilometres (4 mi) north-east of Walce, 9 km (6 mi) south-east of Krapkowice, and 30 km (19 mi) south of the regional capital Opole.
# Gordenellidae

Gordenellidae is an extinct taxonomic family of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the informal group Lower Heterobranchia.

## Genera

Genera within the family Gordenellidae include:
* Gordenella, the type genus
* Turritelloidea
# Tracy Mpati

Tracy Mpati Bibuangu (born 21 March 1992) is a Belgian footballer who plays for Francs Borains in the Challenger Pro League as a right back.

## Club career

Tracy Mpati started his career with White Star Bruxelles.
In May 2020, it was announced that Mpati had signed a two-year contract with an option for an additional year with RWDM, after his former club Lokeren had folded.

## Personal life

Mpati was born in Belgium and is of Congolese descent.