OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# List of districts of Ivory Coast by Human Development Index

This is a list of the districts of the Ivory Coast and the two autonomous cities of Yamoussoukro and Abidjan as cited in the Human Development Index as of 2022.
| Rank | District | HDI (2022) |
| Medium human development |||
| 1 | Yamoussoukro | 0.619 |
| 2 | Comoé | 0.582 |
| 3 | Abidjan | 0.569 |
| 4 | Lagunes | 0.566 |
| 5 | Vallée du Bandama | 0.554 |
| 6 | Gôh-Djiboua | 0.551 |
| Low human development |||
| 7 | Lacs | 0.542 |
| – | Ivory Coast (average) | 0.534 |
| 8 | Bas-Sassandra | 0.520 |
| 9 | Sassandra-Marahoué | 0.512 |
| 10 | Montagnes | 0.492 |
| 11 | Zanzan | 0.491 |
| 12 | Savanes | 0.471 |
| 13 | Denguélé | 0.440 |
| 14 | Woroba | 0.423 |
# Fulvous harvest mouse

The fulvous harvest mouse (Reithrodontomys fulvescens) is a species of rodent in the family Cricetidae. It is found in El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, and the United States.

## Description

About 17 subspecies of R. fulvescens are recognised and they vary in both colouring and size. Their total length ranges from about 134 to 189 mm (5.3 to 7.4 in) with a tail between 73 and 116 mm (2.9 and 4.6 in). Their yellowish-buff or tawny fur is relatively coarse and has a streaked or speckled effect caused by the mixture of black guard hairs and the paler, banded hairs of the undercoat. Often, a dark stripe runs along the spine. The underparts are grayish-white, sometimes tinged with buff. This mouse can be distinguished from the rather larger hairy harvest mouse (Reithrodontomys hirsutus) by its pelage and skull characteristics, the pale underside of the tail and the whitish or buff color of the hind feet.
The karyotype has 2n = 50.

## Distribution and habitat

The fulvous harvest mouse has a widespread distribution with a range extending from Honduras, Guatemala and El Salvador northwards through Mexico to the southwestern United States, where it is present in Arizona, Texas, Oklahoma, Kansas, Missouri, Arkansas, and Mississippi. Its typical habitat is grassy areas containing some shrubs, especially in areas with mesquite or pine/grass ecozones.

## Biology

The fulvous harvest mouse is nocturnal. In Arkansas, animals began to deposit fat in their tissues in November and this peaks in January and then the fat reserves are steadily used up by April. Other adaptations to winter include a lengthening of the animal's hair and a possible daily reduction of its body temperature during sleep in the daytime. The animal quickly recovers from hypothermia and resumes activity when it warms up. A nest is built in vegetation just off the ground and consists of a ball of grasses and sedges about 75 mm (3.0 in) in diameter. It is usually occupied by a pair of mice which may be a pair-bonded male and female. When the mice are inside, the entrance, or pair of entrances, is plugged. When the animals move about outside, much of their time is spent off the ground in low vegetation.
The diet of the fulvous harvest mouse varies seasonally, but in milder climates, consists primarily of insects and other invertebrates throughout the year, whereas in colder regions, invertebrates predominate in the spring, and seeds in the fall and winter. A small proportion of green leafy and other plant food is also eaten. Predators of this mouse include barn owls (Tyto alba) and red-tailed hawks (Buteo jamaicensis).
In Mexico, breeding seems to take place throughout the year, but in Texas, usually two breeding peaks occur, one in late spring and the second a few months later. The litter size is usually two to four offspring, but may be more. The young are blind, naked, and helpless at birth, their eyes open between the ninth and 12th days and weaning takes place between the 13th and 16th. Life expectancy is up to 15 months for males and up to 12 months for females.
# Lord Howe boobook

The Lord Howe boobook (Ninox novaeseelandiae albaria), also known as the Lord Howe morepork, was a bird in the true owl family endemic to Lord Howe Island in the Tasman Sea, part of New South Wales, Australia. It is an extinct and little-known subspecies of the morepork (Ninox novaeseelandiae).

## Description

The Lord Howe boobook was similar in appearance to other subspecies of the morepork, being a small, brown hawk owl with white-mottled plumage, paler than other subspecies. Measurements taken from museum specimens indicate that it was smaller than most mainland Australian subspecies of boobook but larger than both the New Zealand and Norfolk Island subspecies.

## Distribution and habitat

The Lord Howe boobook was restricted to Lord Howe Island where it inhabited the native forests as well as occurring around the settlements.

## Status and conservation

Exactly when the Lord Howe boobook became extinct is uncertain. Boobook calls were apparently heard on the island until the 1950s, but during the 1920s boobooks from near Sydney in eastern Australia had been introduced, along with barn owls and masked owls, in an unsuccessful effort to control the black rats that had overrun the island. The rats had been accidentally introduced in June 1918 with the grounding of the steamship SS Makambo, and several of Lord Howe's endemic birds disappeared during the next few years. The endemic boobook may have been extirpated by rat predation, owl predation or owl competition, and the calls heard until the 1950s may have come from either the endemic or the introduced boobook subspecies, or both.
Specimens of the Lord Howe boobook are held in the Australian Museum.
# Peromyscus nesodytes

The giant island deer mouse (Peromyscus nesodytes) is believed to have become extinct approximately 8,000 years BP and lived during the late Pleistocene on California’s Channel Islands. The giant island deer mice were about 35% larger than the current-day eastern deer mouse.

## Overview

In 1934, Robert W. Wilson designated P. nesodytes as a new species after discovering a mouse bone (a right ramus of the mandible). He writes, “The outstanding character of P. nesodytes is its large size, which is greater than any living species of Peromyscus native to the United States.” The only larger mice known are the extant mice of the genus Megadontomys found in Mexico and Central America.
The mouse “generally considered ancestral to P. nesodytes” is Peromyscus anyapahensis.P. anyapahensis is also extinct; it is smaller in body size than P. nesodytes.
The extreme size of P. nesodytes follows Foster's rule of insular gigantism and dwarfism, in which some rodent species attain greater body size following their occupation of islands lacking a multitude of predators.

## Habitat

The habitat of P. nesodytes was confined to the northern Channel Islands. Remains of P. nesodytes have been found on San Miguel Island and Santa Rosa Island. The northern Channel Islands once comprised a “super-island” called Santa Rosae; increased sea levels have separated the islands for thousands of years.

## Extinction

P. nesodytes probably became extinct following the possibly accidental introduction of a smaller mouse, Peromyscus maniculatus, by the Chumash people, who originate from the Santa Barbara area. The Chumash traded on the northern Channel Islands and could have been unknowing transporters of P. maniculatus to the islands. It has been noted that, on occasion, individuals of P. maniculatus could have secreted themselves in baskets of food and been unintentionally conveyed by boat to the islands for trading purposes.
P. maniculatus probably fared better at avoiding the most frequent mouse predator on the islands, the barn owl, than did P. nesodytes. A possible example of this appears in Daisy Cave, an archaeological site on San Miguel Island. Cave floor layers show fewer P. maniculatus remains in the older, deeper levels than in the newer, upper levels. Barn owls may have preferentially preyed on the larger species, P. nesodytes, rather than on the smaller P. maniculatus.
# Little desert pocket mouse

The little desert pocket mouse (Chaetodipus arenarius) is a species of small rodent in the family Heteromyidae. It is endemic to Baja California in Mexico.

## Description

The little desert pocket mouse reaches a length of about 154 mm (6.1 in) including a tail of 86 mm (3.4 in), with males being slightly larger than females. The fur is soft and fairly silky and there are none of the spines found in some related species though there may be a few soft bristles on the rump. The ears are dark and there is a tiny patch of white hairs at their base. The color of the dorsal surface varies from pale gray or pale buff to dark brown, and there may be some dark-tipped guard hairs giving a grizzled appearance. The upper half of the tail matches the dorsal color while the underparts of the body, the feet and lower side of the tail are white or cream-colored. There may be a buff-colored line separating the upper parts from the underparts, but it is faint or missing in some populations.

## Distribution and habitat

The little desert pocket mouse is endemic to Mexico. Its range includes the Baja California peninsula, Jacques Cousteau Island and Magdalena Island. Its typical habitat is arid flat areas with scant vegetation and loose, dry, sandy soils but it is also found on slopes and ridges, and even the floors of dried-up riverbeds.

## Ecology

Very little is known about the natural history and behavior of this pocket mouse. It lives in a burrow and seems to have an affinity for sandy soils. Its breeding habits are not known but a female specimen containing two embryos was caught in March. Its main predator is the barn owl (Tyto alba).

## Status

Although the population trend of the little desert pocket mouse has not been evaluated, it is common in suitable habitat within its range and does not appear to face any specific threat. In view of this and its presumed large total population, the International Union for Conservation of Nature has assessed its conservation status as being of "least concern".
# Fu Kuiqing

Fu Kuiqing (Chinese: 傅奎清; 28 November 1920 – 28 August 2022) was a lieutenant general in the People's Liberation Army of China who served as political commissar of the Nanjing Military Region from 1985 to 1990. He was a delegate to the 5th National People's Congress and was a member of the Standing Committee of the 7th National People's Congress. He was a representative of the 10th, 12th, and 13th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party. He was a member of the 12th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party.

## Biography

Fu was born Fu Yixian into a poor family in the town of Jinjiapu [zh] in Yingshan County, Hubei, on 28 November 1930. He joined the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) in August 1938 and enlisted in the New Fourth Army one year later. During the Second Sino-Japanese War, he served in the New Fourth Army and fought with the Imperial Japanese Army in east China's Anhui province. In 1949, he was assigned to the 3rd Field Army of the People's Liberation Army, and engaged in the Menglianggu campaign, Battle of Laiyang [zh], Huaihai campaign, and the Yangtze River Crossing campaign.
After founding of the Communist State in 1949, he served in the 25th Army for a long time. He participated in the Korean War in April 1953 and returned to China in 1958. He was made director of the Political Department of the 23rd Army in January 1964. In February 1966, he became deputy political commissar, rising to political commissar in February 1969. He was appointed vice governor and party secretary of Heilongjiang in August 1971, concurrently serving as deputy political commissar of the Shenyang Military Region since October 1975. During his tenure, he participated in the Counter-attack of Zhenbao Island [zh]. He also served as director of the Political Department from December 1977 to December 1980. In December 1980, he was commissioned as political commissar and party secretary of the Fuzhou Military District [zh], he remained in those positions until June 1985. After the Fuzhou Military District [zh] was merged into the Nanjing Military Region in 1985, he was appointed political commissar and deputy party secretary of the military region. He retired in July 1998.
He attained the rank of lieutenant general (zhongjiang) in September 1988.
On 28 August 2022, he died from an illness in Nanjing, Jiangsu, at the age of 102.
# 1976 Songpan–Pingwu earthquake

The 1976 Songpan–Pingwu earthquake that struck Songpan and Pingwu counties in Sichuan, China consisted of three mainshocks on the 16th, 21st, and 23rd (UTC) of August. A 1984 report gave the magnitudes as 7.2, 6.7, and 7.2, respectively (scale not specified). The magnitudes were subsequently recalculated as 6.7, 6.3, and 6.4 on the M$_w$ scale, and 7.0, 6.6, and 6.7 on the M$_s$ scale. These were preceded by an earthquake swarm lasting three years. During the period from August 16 to August 31 there were over 400 aftershocks of magnitude 3.0 or greater.
Short term earthquake warning were issued 3 months before the earthquake. There were 38 dead in the four counties struck—Songpan, Pingwu, Maowen and Nanping. More than 5,000 houses collapsed and 2800 heads of livestock lost. The earthquake was felt as far as Gaotai, Gansu to the west, Kunming, Yunnan to the south, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia to the north, and Changsha, Hunan to the east; an area with a maximum radius of 1,150 kilometers (714 miles). The total number of casualties was 800, 600 of them slightly injured, mostly due to mudslides. The Earthquake Administration of Sichuan won the Chinese National Science and Technology Award of 1978 for successfully predicting the earthquake.
# Mesihi of Prishtina

Mesihi (Messiah) of Prishtina, known in Ottoman Turkish as Priştinali Mesihi, was one of the best known Ottoman poets of the late 15th and early 16th centuries during the Bayezid II era and is regarded as one of the earliest Albanian poets.

## Life and work

He was born in Pristina in Ottoman Empire (now Kosovo) possibly around 1470. He was an Albanian born Isa. He moved to Istanbul at an early age and lived there until his death around 1512.
Mesihi became a softa, a theological or madrasa student, and soon distinguished himself as a calligrapher. He was able to gain the support of the Grand Vizier Khadim Ali Pasha, and became his diwan secretary, who had had plenty of reasons to be annoyed with Mesihi. Mesihi is mentioned as undisciplined, running after a pleasure-oriented life, and conscienceless toward his official duties. The vizier, of Albanian descent himself, is quoted to have called him "street-Arab" or "street boy" (Ottoman: Sheher Oglani). Nevertheless, Mesihi held his position until Khadim Pasha died in 1511 during the Şahkulu Rebellion. Mesihi composed a deeply felt elegy on Vizier's death. He tried to get the protection of other high rank officials. According to Ashik Çelebi, he did not succeed in getting protection from Yunus Pasha or Nishandji Tadji-zade Dja'fer Çelebi, and also failed in his attempts to get patronage from Selim I. According to the French scholar Victor L. Ménage, he was in service of Yunnus Pasha, which seems to be more reliable.
Mesihi's place in the Ottoman diwan poetry is that of a highly gifted and original poet. His language is relatively plain and clear, his manner devoid of affectation. A touch of Rumelian dialect here and there is of particular interest. Mesihi's not-especially voluminous diwan has not been printed. Several critical studies on his work exist. His Murabba' -i bahâr (Ode to Spring) was translated and published by the Orientalist Sir William Jones, and remained for a long time the best known Turkish poem in Europe. His Shehr-engiz became popular and he had many followers in this poetic genre. He is regarded as "the third great Ottoman poet and the greatest lyric poet before Bâkî".
# Townsend's pocket gopher

Townsend's pocket gopher (Thomomys townsendii) is a species of pocket gopher endemic to the northwestern United States.

## Description

Townsend's pocket gopher is a relatively large gopher, measuring 22 to 29 cm (8.7 to 11.4 in) in total length, including a tail 6 to 10 cm (2.4 to 3.9 in) long. Adults weigh between 190 and 380 g (6.7 and 13.4 oz), with males being significantly larger than females. Like other pocket gophers, they have a large head, a short, muscular neck, small eyes and ears, and short legs. The forefeet are large with powerful digging claws, while the hindfeet are stout, with flat soles. There is a fur-lined cheek pouch on either side of the mouth, from which the name "pocket gopher" derives. Females have eight teats.
The fur is greyish in color over most of the body, but a richer tan on the underparts. There is a patch of white fur on the chin, and some individuals also have white markings on the head. The tail is almost entirely hairless. Melanistic individuals have also been reported, being almost entirely black in color, apart from white spots on the chin or feet.

## Distribution and habitat

Townsend's pocket gopher is found in disjunct populations across southern Idaho, northern Nevada, southeastern Oregon, and northeastern California. They inhabit land with deep, moist soils close to rivers and lakes, occasionally as high as 1,980 m (6,500 ft), but more usually in lower valley bottoms. They may also be found in high numbers in artificially irrigated cropland. Their expansion into neighboring areas may be limited by absence of saltgrass, or by competition with Botta's pocket gopher.
Two subspecies are currently recognised:
* T. t. townsendii - Idaho, Malheur River and tributaries in Oregon
* T. t. nevadensis - throughout the remainder of the range

## Biology and behavior

Townsend's pocket gopher feeds largely on the root-stalks of saltgrass, but also eats other grasses, alfalfa, and other large rooted plants, including agricultural crops such as potatoes. Common predators include barn owls, and the gopher is also considered to be the primary host of the chewing louse Geomydoecus idahoensis. Breeding probably occurs around January or February, and litters average seven young. Mating is promiscuous, and based on female choice. Hybrids between Townsend's and Botta's pocket gophers have been reported.
Like other pocket gophers, Townsend's species spends most of its adult life underground. Burrows are 10 to 12 cm (3.9 to 4.7 in) wide, and are marked on the surface by numerous mounds of excavated soil. The entrances to the tunnels are normally kept blocked with soil to prevent access by predators. Individuals are solitary outside of the breeding season.
# The Nightmare Returns

The Nightmare Returns is a live concert video of Alice Cooper. The concert was filmed live in Detroit, Michigan, USA on Halloween 1986 at the start of his "The Nightmare Returns" World Tour, in support of his album Constrictor. This video was originally released in 1987 on VHS and Betamax, and was released on DVD in 2006. The music video for "Teenage Frankenstein" consists of footage from this concert.

## Track listing

* "Welcome to My Nightmare"
* "Billion Dollar Babies"
* "No More Mr. Nice Guy"
* "Be My Lover"
* "18 (Little Flower of Ulysses)"
* "The World Needs Guts"
* "Give It Up"
* "Cold Ethyl"
* "Only Women Bleed"
* "Go to Hell"
* "The Ballad of Dwight Fry"
* "Teenage Frankenstein"
* "Sick Things"
* "I Love The Dead"
* "School's Out"
* "Elected"
* "Under My Wheels"

## Bonus music videos

* "Teenage Frankenstein"
* "Freedom"

## Personnel

* Alice Cooper - vocals
* Kane Roberts - lead guitar
* Devlin 7 - rhythm guitar
* Kip Winger - bass (credited as "Kip Winger III")
* Ken Mary - drums
* Paul Horowitz - keyboards

## Reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
# Leonardo da Vinci (disambiguation)

Leonardo da Vinci (1452–1519) was an Italian Renaissance polymath.
Leonardo da Vinci may also refer to:
* Leonardo da Vinci (Stanley book), 1996
* Leonardo da Vinci (Isaacson book), 2017
* Leonardo da Vinci (video game), a 1997 educational game
* SS Leonardo da Vinci (1924), an ocean liner of the Società di Navigazione Transatlantica Italiana
* SS Leonardo da Vinci (1958), an ocean liner of the Italian Line, built as a replacement for the Andrea Doria
* Italian submarine Leonardo da Vinci (1939), launched in 1939
* Italian submarine Leonardo da Vinci (S 510), commissioned in the Italian Navy in 1955
* Italian battleship Leonardo da Vinci
* Leonardo da Vinci programme, a European Commission funding programme
* Leonardo da Vinci–Fiumicino Airport
* Leonardo da Vinci: The Mind of the Renaissance, a 1996 illustrated book by Alessandro Vezzosi
# Brachycephalus leopardus

Brachycephalus leopardus is a species of frog in the family Brachycephalidae. It is very tiny and was one of seven new species described by Luiz F. Ribeiro and a team of scientists from the Mater Natura — Instituto de Estudos Ambientais in Brazil. Like all species in its genus, it is found in a very small strip of Atlantic Forest in the southeastern coast of the country, and has a vibrant colour pattern. The speciation seen in this genus is thought to be a byproduct of the rift between the valley versus mountain terrain and its particular microclimates, to which they are adapted. It might be in population decline due to habitat loss. Its name derived from the Latin leopardus, referring to the frog's spotted pattern evocative of the felid genus Leopardus.

## Description

It differs from its cogenerate species by having a robust and bufoniform body, an adult averaging a size of between 9.7 to 11.9 millimetres (0.38 to 0.47 in); its smooth dorsum; and its orange coloration along its vertebral column, varying to yellow along its body's flanks, which in turn become increasingly verrucose. The skin on its dorsum shows no dermal co-ossification. The smooth dorsum of this species is similar to that of B. ferruginus, as opposed to the rugose dorsum of B. olivaceus, for instance. The species is unique among all Brachycephalus species in the presence of tiny dark spots on the dorsal portion of its head, thorax, legs, and arms, while at the same time possessing larger dark spots on the sides of its body. Brachycephalus leopardus lacks the dermal co-ossification characteristic to species in the ephippium group, and its shape and larger size distinguish it from species in the didactylus group, which are on average smaller and have a leptodactyliform shape.

## Distribution

Brachycephalus leopardus is only known from its type locality, Serra do Araçatuba in the State of Paraná at 1,640 metres (5,380 ft) above sea level and from the Morro dos Perdidos at 1,410 metres (4,630 ft) a.s.l.
# John Fiorito

John Fiorito (born 4 September 1936 in New York) is a baritone opera singer.

## Career

Fiorito began his classical training in 1952, with Rita Kittain and her associate, Lydia Chaliapin. He made his professional debut in 1957, with the Toledo Choral Society and Symphony in the title role of Mendelssohn's "Elijah".
Fiorito's operatic career began in 1961 with the New York City Opera. Later in 1965 he became a leading baritone in the Metropolitan Opera National Company, a touring company of the Met, under the direction of Risa Stevens. Fiorito has appeared with the Wiener Staatsoper and Volksoper, L'Opera de Montreal, Spoleto Festival Charleston, SC, Milwaukee Florentine Opera, the Washington Opera (DC), and many other regional companies in the United States. He made his Metropolitan Opera debut in 1990, in Donizetti's "L'elisir d'amore".

## Teaching

Fiorito has taught voice, for over twenty-five years, including several years on the voice faculty of George Washington University, now on the faculty of SCF, State College of Florida. He is a member of NATS. He no longer performs but is retired. After retiring from the stage after his fifteenth consecutive season at the Metropolitan Opera, he began to focus more on teaching. Some of his most noteworthy pupils include Stephan Gould and Joel Sorensen.
His students are now performing in Europe and the United States in regional companies throughout the US and Metropolitan Opera, and in all the major houses in Europe. Fiorito is known for his focus on vocal structure: vowel structure, as well as on interpretive details and the text. He teaches both in New York City as well as in Florida.