OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# List of operatic contraltos

The contralto voice in opera and classical music has a range which typically lies between the F below middle C (F3) to two Fs above middle C (F5). In the lower and upper extremes, some contralto voices can sing from the E below middle C (E3) to two B♭s above middle C (B♭5). The contralto voice has the lowest tessitura of the female voices and is noted for its rich and deep vocal timbre. True operatic contraltos are very rare. The following is a list of contralto singers who have regularly performed unamplified classical or operatic music in concert halls and/or opera houses.

## A–L

* Eunice Alberts (1927–2012)
* Marietta Alboni (1823–1894)
* Marian Anderson (1897–1993)
* Fanny Anitúa (1887–1968)
* Cecil Arden (1894–1989)
* Germaine Bailac (1881–1977)
* Fedora Barbieri (1920–2003)
* Eula Beal (1919–2008)
* Marianne Brandt (1842–1921)
* Karin Branzell (1891–1974)
* Muriel Brunskill (1899–1980)
* Clara Butt (1872–1936)
* AnnaMaria Cardinalli (born 1979)
* Marie-Louise Cébron-Norbens (1888–1958)
* Lili Chookasian (1921–2012)
* Belle Cole (1845 or 1853–1905)
* Kate Condon (1877–1941)
* Clorinda Corradi (1804–1877)
* Christine Nielson Dreier (1866–1926)
* Kathleen Ferrier (1912–1953)
* Maureen Forrester (1930–2010)
* Delphine Galou (born 1977)
* Anna Girò (circa 1710 or 1711–1748 or later)
* Louise Homer (1871–1947)
* Edna Indermaur (1892–1985)
* Jenny Twitchell Kempton (1835–1921)
* Gillian Knight (born 1934)
* Anna Larsson (born 1966)
* Marie-Nicole Lemieux (born 1975)
* Gisela Litz (1922–2017)
* Louise Kirkby Lunn (1873–1930)

## M–Z

* Adelaide Malanotte (1785–1832)
* Bernadette Manca di Nissa (born 1954)
* Marietta Marcolini (c. 1780–1855)
* Margaret Matzenauer (1881–1963), who sang mostly mezzo-soprano roles though
* Antonia Merighi (died 1764)
* Sara Mingardo (born 1961)
* Sigrid Onégin (1889–1943)
* Rosmunda Pisaroni (1793–1872)
* Ewa Podleś (1952–2024)
* Marie Powers (1902–1973)
* Sonia Prina (born 1975)
* Maria Radner (1981—2015)
* Geltrude Righetti (1793–1862)
* Anastasia Robinson (c. 1692–1755)
* Sofia Scalchi (1850–1922)
* Ernestine Schumann-Heink (1861–1936)
* Annice Sidwells (1902–2001)
* Monica Sinclair (1925–2002)
* Nathalie Stutzmann (born 1965)
* Hilary Summers
* Vittoria Tesi (1700–1775)
* Kerstin Thorborg (1896–1970)
* Claramae Turner (1920–2013)
* Francesca Vanini-Boschi (?–1744)
* Lucia Elizabeth Vestris (1797–1856)
* Helen Watts (1927–2009)
* Portia White (1911–1968)
* Marta Wittkowska (1882–1977)
# White Christmas (Grandma Moses)

White Christmas is a 1954 oil painting by the American outsider painter Grandma Moses, produced at age 94 and signed "Moses". It was in the collection of Irving Berlin.
It shows the artist's impression of an idealized white snowy Christmas, with children playing in the snow and ice-skating on a pond, horse-drawn sleighs on the roads, and a man dragging a pine tree towards a house. Grandma Moses was a fan of popular holiday songs and she possibly made this painting with the song "White Christmas" in mind. It's a rare example from her oeuvre of a painting taller than it is wide. She apparently ignored a proposal to depart from her horizontal landscape format in order to produce magazine covers. This one was used as a book cover in 2008.
# Svend Aage Jensby

Svend Aage Jensby (born 10 September 1940) is a Danish politician representing the Liberal Party. He was Defence Minister in the Cabinet of Anders Fogh Rasmussen I from 27 November 2001 to 24 April 2004, when he was forced to resign and was replaced by Søren Gade. He was a member of parliament (Folketinget) from 12 December 1990 to February 2005.
# 1816 in Ireland

Events from the year 1816 in Ireland.

## Events

* The Year Without a Summer – famine and typhoid kill 65,000 people by 1819.
* January – Belfast Savings Bank opens for business.
* 30 January – wrecking of the Sea Horse, Boadicea and Lord Melville (military transport ships) off Tramore in a gale with the loss of over 500 persons.
* 17 March – Richmond Bridge, designed by James Savage, is opened over Dublin's River Liffey.
* May – the Ha'penny Bridge is opened over Dublin's River Liffey.
* 18 May – the National Institution for the Education of Deaf and Dumb Children of the Poor in Ireland is founded.
* June – St. George's Church, Belfast, is opened, the oldest in the city built for the United Church of England and Ireland.
* 29–30 October – Wildgoose Lodge Murders: eight people are burned to death by a gang in County Louth.
* Templemore Town Hall is built in County Tipperary.

## Births

* 6 February – John Joseph Lynch, Bishop of Toronto (died 1888).
* 1 March – Charles Magill, member of the 1st Canadian Parliament and mayor of Hamilton (died 1898).
* 14 March – Anthony O'Grady Lefroy, government official in Western Australia (died 1897).
* 8 April – Frederick William Burton, painter (died 1900).
* 12 April – Charles Gavan Duffy, nationalist and Australian colonial politician (died 1903).
* 31 July – Trevor Chute, British Army officer (died 1886).
* 17 September – John Hawkins Hagarty, lawyer, teacher and judge in Canada (died 1900).
* 30 October – Richard Quain, physician (died 1898).

### Full date unknown

*   * John Drummond, early settler and explorer in Western Australia, first Inspector of Native Police there (died 1906).
*   * John O'Mahony, a founding member of the Fenian Brotherhood (died 1877).

## Deaths

* 24 April – James Orr, rhyming weaver poet (born 1770).
* 3 May – James McHenry, signer of the United States Constitution from Maryland, third United States Secretary of War (born 1753).
* 7 July – Richard Brinsley Sheridan, playwright and statesman (born 1751).

### Full date unknown

*   * Robert Fagan, painter, diplomat and archaeologist (b. c1761).
# Epilepsy Ireland

Epilepsy Ireland is an Irish charity that provides support, information and advice to people with epilepsy. Founded in 1966, the organisation is based in Dublin, with nine regional offices throughout Ireland.

## History

The organisation was founded as the Irish Epilepsy Association on 4 October 1966 following an inaugural meeting held in the Royal College of Physicians on Kildare Street, Dublin among various physicians including Dr. John Bergin (Stewarts Hospital), Mr. George Burden (secretary general for the International Bureau for Epilepsy and general secretary for the British Epilepsy Association), Dr. Peter Fahy (consultant psychiatrist for the student health service of University College Dublin) and Professor Patrick A. McNally (associate professor of Medicine at the Royal College of Physicians and senior physician at Mercer's Hospital) who presided over the meeting.
On 30 October 1967, a seminar was opened by the then Minister for Health, Seán Flanagan in the Intercontinental Hotel in Dublin. It was organised by the charity and was attended by more than 400 doctors, social workers and employers. The minister emphasised the importance of early diagnosis and educating the general public about the condition.
As of March 1980, there were about 2,500 members and the registered address was at Dawson Street. The charity was registered as a company on 16 September 1980 as Brainwave - The Irish Epilepsy Association and is recorded on the charity register as the official name of the organisation. On 7 February 2013, the organisation was rebranded as Epilepsy Ireland.

## Current board members

* Chairperson: Cathy Grieve
* Secretary: Clare O'Dea
* Treasurer: Paul Kehoe
* Helen Behan
* Paul Fahey
* Mary Fitzsimons
* Ambrose Kealy
* Dr Anne Kilroy
* Prof Mary King
* Nicola Saarsteiner
* Mark Curran
* Aaron Chalke
* Nicola Nagle
* Anne Maguire
A former board member of Brainwave, the predecessor to Epilepsy Ireland, was the late Joe Doyle. A life-long epileptic, he was also the first leader of a council in Ireland to have epilepsy.
* Patron: Rick O'Shea

## Ongoing campaigns

* Free travel for those with epilepsy - Resolved
* Reasonable accommodations for those who suffer seizures during state examinations - Resolved
* Amendments to Online Safety and Media Regulation Bill to address those with Photosensitive Epilepsy - Resolved
* Advocacy for new anti-epileptic drugs including CBD to help prevent seizures, Epidyolex and Cenobamat
* Campaign for historical inquiry for those patients or families affected by Sodium Valporate (Epilim)
* SAFE: Time, Safe, Stay
* Purple Day, Rose Week, International Epilepsy Day and Brain Awareness Week
# Megalytoceratinae

Megalytoceratinae is a subfamily of lytoceratids ammonites consisting of planulate forms, i.e. those with moderately evolute compressed shells with bluntly rounded venters, in which the outer whorls become smooth and sutures tend to resemble those of the Perisphinctidae. The family includes three genera, Megalytoceras, and Metrolytoceras, from the Middle Bajocian of England, Perilytoceras from the Toarcian and a fourth possible member, Asapholytoceras, from the Toacian of southeastern Europe.
# Medina College-Pagadian

Medina College-Pagadian is a private nonsectarian higher education institution run by the Medina College, Inc. in Pagadian City, Zamboanga del Sur, Philippines. It was founded by the Medina College, Inc. in 1999. It is the third Medina College founded in Southern Philippines by the Medina College, Inc., along with the main campus in Ozamiz City and a sister school in Ipil. Specializing mainly in the field of nursing, the college formerly known as St. John Hospital and College rose to become one of the best among the medical colleges in Zamboanga del Sur. The school recorded its highest number of enrollment in June 2005.

## History

The birth of Medina College-Pagadian dates back more than three decades after June 1963 when Dr. Rico Macan Medina, Sr. and his wife, Dr. Beatriz Crisostomo Medina, found the main campus and eventually, the first private midwifery school in Ozamiz City. This continuous progress did not only end up to just having more constructions and medical establishments in the main campus, but also to the extremes of having a new campus built in Misamis Occidental in 1983, and later in Barangay Bulatok, Pagadian City, Zamboanga Del Sur in 1999.
The school recorded its highest number of enrollment in June 2005. After the birth of JHSCS or Josefina H. Cerilles State College and Mendero College, the enrollments started to decline until this year.
# Emarginula undulata

Emarginula undulata is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Fissurellidae, the keyhole limpets and slit limpets.

## Description

Dimensions: base 6.8 × 4.6 mm, height 3.8 mm.

## Distribution

This marine species is widely distributed along the continental margin of the western Indian Ocean, extending from the Gulf of Oman south to eastern South Africa, at depths ranging from 50 to 400 meters, with living specimens typically found between 75 and 120 meters. It was recently recorded in the Philippines (Poppe & Tagaro 2020) and has been found on the slopes of Walters Shoal (off Madagascar) at depths of 256–490 meters.
# Thandaunggyi Township

Thandaunggyi Township (Phlone: သင်တင်ဍောဟ်ကၞင့်; Burmese: သံတောင်ကြီးမြို့နယ်; S'gaw Karen: သါတီကၠံၤကီၢ်ဆၣ်) is a township of Hpa-an District in the Kayin State of Myanmar. The principal town is Thandanggyi.

## Towns

The township contains the following towns:
* Thandaung Gyi
* Thandaung
* Leiktho
* Bawgali
# David Fiegen

David Fiegen (born 3 September 1984 in Esch-sur-Alzette) is a Luxembourgish middle distance runner who specializes in the 800 metres.
He won the silver medal at the 2006 European Athletics Championships in Gothenburg, the first ever medal in the history of the championships for an athlete from Luxembourg. He also competed at the 2004 Olympics, and won a bronze medal at the 2002 World Junior Championships.

## Achievements

| Year | Competition | Venue | Position | Event | Notes |
| Representing Luxembourg ||||||
| 2001 | Games of the Small States of Europe | Serravalle, San Marino | 2nd | 800 m | 1:51.54 |
| 2001 | Games of the Small States of Europe | Serravalle, San Marino | 2nd | 4 × 400 m relay | 3:18.86 |
| 2001 | World Youth Championships | Debrecen, Hungary | 7th | 800 m | 1:52.28 |
| 2001 | European Youth Olympic Festival | Murcia, Spain | 1st | 800 m | 1:54.18 |
| 2002 | European Indoor Championships | Vienna, Austria | 6th | 800 m | 1:47.44 |
| 2002 | World Junior Championships | Kingston, Jamaica | 3rd | 800 m | 1:46.66 |
| 2003 | Games of the Small States of Europe | Marsa, Malta | 1st | 800 m | 1:51.52 |
| 2003 | European Junior Championships | Tampere, Finland | 2nd | 800 m | 1:49.91 |
| 2003 | World Championships | Paris, France | 43rd (h) | 800 m | 1:48.80 |
| 2004 | World Indoor Championships | Budapest, Hungary | 19th (h) | 800 m | 1:50.02 |
| 2004 | Olympic Games | Athens, Greece | 36th (h) | 800 m | 1:46.97 |
| 2005 | European Indoor Championships | Madrid, Spain | 20th (h) | 1500 m | 3:49.50 |
| 2006 | European Championships | Gothenburg, Sweden | 2nd | 800 m | 1:46.59 |
| 2011 | Games of the Small States of Europe | Schaan, Liechtenstein | 4th | 800 m | 1:52.82 |
| 2014 | European Championships | Zürich, Switzerland | 33rd (h) | 800 m | 1:51.00 |
# Yellow soybean paste

Yellow soybean paste is a fermented paste made from yellow soybeans, salt, and water. Yellow soybean paste is produced in China and is used primarily in Beijing cuisine and other cuisines of northern China.

## Etymology

In Chinese, the full name of the condiment is huángdòu jiàng (黃豆醬; 'yellow bean paste'), but it is commonly referred to as just huáng jiàng ("yellow paste").

## Description

Although it is made from yellow soybeans, the paste itself is not so much yellow as light to dark brown or even black in color.
Wheat flour, though not formerly used, is often used as an additional ingredient in the modern day, and potassium sorbate may be used as a preservative.

## Usage

Yellow soybean paste is used most notably in the noodle dish called zhajiang mian ("fried sauce noodles"), in which the yellow soybean paste is fried together with ground pork, then poured over the top of thick wheat flour noodles.
Outside of Beijing, sweet bean sauce or hoisin sauce is often mixed with or used in place of the condiment, thus giving the dish a sweeter taste.

## Availability

Yellow soybean paste is widely available in China, as well as in Chinese grocery stores overseas, and comes in plastic packages, bottled or in tins.

## Other varieties

In recent years, a new form of yellow soybean paste, called "dry yellow soybean paste" (干黄酱, pinyin: gān huángjiàng; or 干酱, pinyin: gān jiàng), has been developed, and is widely available in plastic packages. Its texture is drier than that of regular yellow soybean paste (due to its lower water content), allowing for easier transportation and keeping. Dry yellow soybean paste is used in a similar manner as regular yellow soybean paste, but, when using the dry form, water is first added to dilute it, and then it is added to the dish; if it is added directly to a dish, the amount of water added to the dish should be adjusted accordingly.
In Thai cuisine, a variant of yellow soybean paste, often mixed with chilies, is also popular.

## Technical Process

There are different kinds of soybean sauce i.e.the liquid state with high salty, solid with low salty and ferment of combination of liquid and solid according to its making process and high temperature fermentation, middle temperature fermentation and low temperature fermentation according to the temperature of the ferment.
# Nazar Mahmud

Nazar Mahmud (Arabic: نزار محمود, Hebrew: נזאר מחמוד; born February 18, 1988, in the USSR) is an Israeli-Druze figure skater. His father is an Israeli-Druze from the Golan Heights, and his mother is a Ukrainian Christian. Mahmud was born while his family were living in the USSR. They moved to Israel soon after his birth. Mahmud is a three-season competitor on the Junior Grand Prix. He, along with younger brother Ruslan Mahmud, are the first Druze skaters to represent Israel internationally. Mahmud served in the Israeli Army.

## Competitive highlights

| Event | 2002-2003 | 2003-2004 | 2004-2005 | 2005-2006 |
| Israeli Championships | 3rd J. | 3rd J. | 2nd J. | 3rd J. |
| Skate Israel | | | | 9th |
| Junior Grand Prix, Bulgaria | | | | 23rd |
| Junior Grand Prix, Germany | | | 26th | |
| Junior Grand Prix, France | | | 16th | |
| Junior Grand Prix, Slovenia | | 22nd | | |
| Golden Bear, Zagreb | | 4th J. | | |
* J = Junior level
# Xsun

Xsun is an X Window System (X11) display server implementation included with Solaris, developed by Sun Microsystems. It replaced the older Xnews server, which supported the display of not only X11 applications, but also NeWS and SunView programs. Xsun discontinued support for these legacy environments, and added support for Display PostScript.
Xsun was first released as part of Solaris 2.3 in November 1993. It was originally based on X11R5; the version included with Solaris 10 is based on X11R6.6.
Solaris 10 includes both Xsun and the X.Org Server, Xorg, the open-source software reference implementation of X, based on X11R7. The Xorg server was the most commonly used display server on x86 systems, while the Xsun server remained the most commonly used on SPARC systems; Xorg support for SPARC was only added in Solaris 10 8/07, and had very limited driver support. The OpenSolaris project stated that the future direction of X support is the X.Org implementation. Oracle Solaris 11, released in November, 2011, includes only the Xorg server (X.Org 1.10.3).

## Design

In contrast to XFree86, Xsun implemented kernel-based mode setting for some graphics device drivers.
# Melanopsidae

Melanopsidae, common name melanopsids, is a family of freshwater gastropods in the clade Sorbeoconcha. Species in this family are native to southern and eastern Europe, northern Africa, parts of the Middle East, New Zealand, and freshwater streams of some large South Pacific islands.
These snails first appeared in the Late Cretaceous and are closely related to Potamididae. As well as unidirectional evolutionary change from one species to the next over time, the process of hybridization plays a major role in the appearance of new Melanopsidae species.
According to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi (2005) the family Melanopsidae has no subfamilies.

## Genera

Genera in the family Melanopsidae include:
* Esperiana Bourguignat, 1877 - synonym: Fagotia Bourguignat, 1884
* Holandriana Bourguignat, 1884 - synonym: Amphimelania P. Fischer, 1885
** Holandriana holandrii (C. Pfeiffer, 1828) or Amphimelania holandrii (C. Pfeiffer, 1828)
* † Megalonoda Kollmann, 1984
* Melanopsis Férussac, 1807 - type genus of the family Melanopsidae
* Microcolpia Bourguignat, 1884
* † Pseudobellardia Cox, 1931
* † Pseudofagotia Anistratenko, 1993
* † Stomatopsis Stache, 1871
* † Stilospirula Rovereto, 1899 - synonyms: Stylospirula Rovereto, 1899
* † Turripontica Anistratenko, 1993
* Zemelanopsis Finlay, 1927
** Zemelanopsis trifasciata (Gray, 1843)
# Sébastien Rosseler

Sébastien Rosseler (born 15 July 1981) is a Belgian professional road racing cyclist who rides for Veranclassic-Doltcini. Between 2012 and 2013, Rosseler competed with UCI ProTeam Garmin–Barracuda. Born in Verviers, Wallonia, Belgium, Rosseler currently resides in Tongeren, Flanders, Belgium.

## Career achievements
### Major results
#### 2002

    1st Overall Le Triptyque des Monts et Châteaux

#### 2003

    1st Overall Le Triptyque des Monts et Châteaux
    Olympia's Tour
       1st Points classification
       1st Stages 1, 6 & 7 (ITT)
    6th De Vlaamse Pijl

#### 2004

    8th Overall Four Days of Dunkirk
    9th Gent–Wevelgem

#### 2006

    2nd Overall Tour of Belgium
    3rd Halle–Ingooigem
    4th Overall Three Days of De Panne
    7th Overall Four Days of Dunkirk
       1st Young rider classification

#### 2007

    1st Stage 1 (TTT) Tour of Qatar
    4th Overall Tour of Belgium
    4th Time trial, National Road Championships
    6th Overall Three Days of De Panne
    8th Overall Eneco Tour
       1st Stage 5 (ITT)

#### 2008

    2nd Overall Circuit Franco–Belge
       1st Stage 4
    2nd Overall Eneco Tour
    5th Paris–Brussels
    8th Kampioenschap van Vlaanderen

#### 2009

    1st Stage 4 Four Days of Dunkirk
    1st Stage 5 (ITT) Tour of Belgium
    2nd Time trial, National Road Championships

#### 2010

    1st Brabantse Pijl
    1st Stage 4 Volta ao Algarve
    2nd Time trial, National Road Championships

#### 2011

    1st Overall Three Days of De Panne
       1st Stage 3 (ITT)
    2nd Overall Driedaagse van West-Vlaanderen

#### 2012

    1st Stage 4 (TTT) Giro d'Italia

### Grand Tour general classification results timeline

| Grand Tour | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 |
| Giro d'Italia | — | — | — | — | — | — | 125 |
| Tour de France | — | 103 | 97 | 101 | — | — | — |
| Vuelta a España | 116 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
Legend :
| — | Did not compete |
| DNF | Did not finish |
# Soběšice (Brno)

Soběšice (German: Obeschitz) is a municipal part and cadastral territory on the northern edge of the city of Brno, Czech Republic. It has an area of 6.06 km$^2$. Originally an independent municipality, it was annexed into Brno in 1971, and since November 24, 1990 it is a part of the city district of Brno-sever. About 2,500 people live here.

## History

The first written mention of Soběšice dates from 1286. In 1900, 733 people lived here. Soběšice was annexed to Brno on November 26, 1971 and incorporated into the Brno III municipal district. Of the 352 local citizens present, 352 voted for joining Brno and only 19 were against. After the annexation, street names in Soběšice whose names were identical to the names of streets in the rest of the city were renamed. Soběšice remained within the Brno III district until 1990, when the current city district of Brno-sever was established.

## Description

In Soběšice there is an elementary school, a cemetery, a playground, a Poor Clares monastery, a monument to Jan Hus and a brewery. A significant highlight is the Strom hill above the orchard area. On its forested peak is the monument to the Chapel of the Holy Cross, which was built here in 1715-1717, and stood here until World War II. Not far from the monument is a lookout point with the lookout point Ostrá Horka, built in 2008. In the 21st century, large-scale construction of new family houses is taking place in Soběšice as a result of suburbanization.

## Geography

Soběšice forms the north part of the Brno-sever city district, almost forming an exclave of the district, and borders on the south with the cadastral territory of Obřany, Lesná and Sadová, in the west with Řečkovice, in the northwest with Jehnice, in the north with Orešín, and in the northeast and east with the municipality of Bílovice nad Svitavou.

## Territorial divisions

The cadastral territory of Soběšice is further divided into 2 basic settlement units, of which Soběšice-jih (Soběšice-South) has all of the population.
| Basic settlement unit | Population | Population | Population |
| Basic settlement unit | 2011 | 2021 | Change |
| Soběšice-jih | 2,265 | 2,494 | +10.1% |
| Soběšice-sever | 0 | 0 | +0% |

## Demographics

| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1869 | 332 | — |
| 1880 | 509 | +53.3% |
| 1890 | 610 | +19.8% |
| 1900 | 733 | +20.2% |
| 1910 | 998 | +36.2% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1921 | 1,031 | +3.3% |
| 1930 | 1,063 | +3.1% |
| 1950 | 1,117 | +5.1% |
| 1961 | 1,149 | +2.9% |
| 1970 | 1,108 | −3.6% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1980 | 1,157 | +4.4% |
| 1991 | 1,078 | −6.8% |
| 2001 | 1,475 | +36.8% |
| 2011 | 2,265 | +53.6% |
| 2021 | 2,494 | +10.1% |
Source: Censuses :

## Transport

Daily transport connections are provided by the public transport company of Brno via bus line no. 57 running from Tomkovo náměstí stop through Štefánikova čtvrť and Lesná to Soběšice, mostly as far as Útěchov, sometimes continuing to Vranov, and trolleybus line no. 30 running from Bystrc via the railway station in Královo Pole to Soběšice, whose operation is provided by trolleybuses. At night, the connection is provided by bus No. 93 from the main railway station.