OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Aillwee Cave

Aillwee Cave (Irish: Aill Bhuí) is a cave system in the karst landscape of the Burren in County Clare, Ireland. The name Aillwee is derived from the Irish Aill Bhuí which means "yellow cliff". Privately owned, it forms part of the Aillwee Cave and Birds of Prey Centre attraction.

## Description

The cave system consists of over a kilometre of passages leading into the heart of the mountain. Its features include an underground river and a waterfall as well as some large stalactites and stalagmites. The remains of bears can also be seen inside the caves and allusions have been made to it being the last bear den in Ireland. The cave is typical of the Clare caves, consisting in the main of stream passage and ending in a sump. The general direction is east to west but turns due south some 600 metres (2,000 ft) into the cave.
The cave is considerably older than most of the Clare caves and originally contained a large stream. The stream has all but disappeared from the cave and is heavily backfilled with glacial infill. The formations visible on the show cave tour are rarely more than 8,000 years old but calcite samples in the recesses of the cave have been dated to over 350,000 years old.

## Discovery and exploration

The cave was discovered in 1944, when a farmer named Jack McGann followed his dog, who was chasing a rabbit. The farmer did not explore very far into the caves, and did not tell anyone of the find for nearly 30 years. He told cavers of the cave in 1973 and that summer the cave was explored as far as a boulder choke. Show cave development began quite soon after.$^{:30}$
The boulder choke was removed in 1977 and access was gained to the rest of the cave. The "Marine Blast" tunnel was completed in 1992 to allow a circular trip.
In 1976 the bones of two brown bears were found. These were subsequently determined to be over 10,000 years old. During this period only about 1000 people lived in Ireland.

## Public access

The cave was opened to the public in 1976. As of 2018, roughly 300 metres (980 ft) of cave passage is open to the public, one third of the total length of the cave. The tours end at a point called the Highway and exit the cave via a 250-metre (820 ft) man-made tunnel.
The access building has been awarded the Europa Nostra prize.$^{:30}$ Facilities include a café and gift shop.

## Birds of Prey Centre

At the location there is also a Birds of Prey Centre offering shows and "hawk walks".

## In popular culture

The caves appear in the Father Ted episode "The Mainland" under the name "The Very Dark Caves". They are also mentioned in a story in Part II of The Basset Chronicles by June J. McInerney.

## Partnerships

The cave complex is a member of the local hospitality association, and an active partner of the Burren and Cliffs of Moher Geopark.

## Rock climbing

Just 400-meters to the north of the upper car-park of the caves is the popular novice rock climbing location of Aill na Cronain.
# Aktubites

Aktubites is a genus belonging to the Parashumarditidae family. They are an extinct group of ammonoid, which are shelled cephalopods related to squids, belemnites, octopuses, and cuttlefish, and more distantly to the nautiloids.
# Crataegus viridis

Crataegus viridis, the green hawthorn or southern thorn, is a species of hawthorn that is native to the southeastern United States. The tree tends to grow to be 5–15 meters tall. Forms vary considerably, and many desirable ornamental forms could be selected from the wild. The cultivar 'Winter King' is a well-known selection.
# Ellis Thomas Davies

Ellis Thomas Davies (March 1822 – 2 April 1895) was a Welsh Independent minister. He was born at Tymawr, Penant Lliw Bach, and grew up in the Llanuwchllyn area, where his father was an elder in the ‘Old Chapel'. He attended school at Weirglodd Wen, tutored by the local minister, Michael Jones. He then continued his education at Brecon College. He had begun to preach in 1842, and in 1847 began to minister to the churches at Llansantsiôr and Moelfre. After being ordained the following year, he was appointed to the church at Abergele, where he remained for the rest of his ministry, retiring in 1887. He died in 1895.
His written works include a translation of G. B. Johnson's Statement of Principles (1877), and a book of verse.
# Dühlbach

Dühlbach is a river of Bavaria, Germany. It flows into the Red Main near Heinersreuth.
# Keyserlingitinae

Keyserlingitinae is a subfamily of the Sibiritidae, Early Triassic Ammonoidea. Shells tend to have subquadrate whorl sections as in Durgaites and Kyserlingites and to be strongly ribbed or nodose or both.

## Genera

The Keyserlingitinae includes
* Kyserlingites
* Durgaites
* Goricanites
* Olenekoceras
* Pseudokeyserlingites
* Subolenekites
# Almites

Almites is a genus belonging to the Marathonitidae families. They are an extinct group of ammonoids, which are shelled cephalopods related to squids, belemnites, octopuses, and cuttlefish, and more distantly to the nautiloids.
# Perrinitidae

Perrinitidae is one of three families of the Shumarditoidea superfamily. They are an extinct group of ammonoid, which are shelled cephalopods related to squids, belemnites, octopuses, and cuttlefish, and more distantly to the nautiloids.
# 8th Corps (Yugoslav Partisans)

The 8th Dalmatian Shock Corps (Serbo-Croatian: 8. dalmatinski korpus) was a corps of the Yugoslav Partisans formed on 7 October 1943. It was formed from the 9th, 19th, 20th, and 26th Dalmatian divisions, and was named after the region of Dalmatia. Upon creation it had 13,049 soldiers. The corps operated in the Independent State of Croatia, Governorate of Dalmatia, and Adriatic Littoral, where they fought Italians, Chetniks, the Ustaše, and Germans.
On 30 November 1944 the 8th Dalmatian Corps, without the military command, had 34,548 soldiers, out of which 25,127 were Croats, 4,806 Serbs, 236 Muslims, 61 Jews, and 4,318 others, mostly Slovenes and Montenegrins. In February 1945 Corps numbered over 45,000 fighters, of which about 70% were Croats and the other 30% were Serbs, Muslims, Slovenes, Montenegrins, Italians and others.
The 8th Corps participated in the liberation of Dalmatia, Herzegovina, western Bosnia, Istria, Kvarner, Lika, Slovenian Littoral, and Trieste. Upon liberation of Knin in December 1944, the corps was named Udarni ('shock'), while the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd Dalmatian Strike Brigades received the Order of the People's Hero. On 2 March 1945 the corps became part of the 4th Army of the Yugoslav Partisans, together with the 7th and 11th Corps, while having 45,524 soldiers. On 20 March 1945, the Dalmatian divisions began a great battle from Lika to Soča, this offensive was in area long over 300 kilometers. In this military operation the 8th Dalmatian Corps had about 5,000 dead and over 15,000 wounded fighters. The enemy from this corps suffered heavy losses of about 100,000 dead and captured. The 8th Corps gave great contribution for liberation Croatia, parts of Bosnia and Herzegovina and Slovenia. Josip Broz Tito on 13 September 1953, in Split said that this corps "has played historical role in history of our People's Liberation War, that is why he deserves gratitude and recognition"
# Quatsino Limestone

50°17′N 126°30′W﻿ / ﻿50.28°N 126.50°W﻿ / 50.28; -126.50
The Quatsino Limestone is a geologic formation in British Columbia. It preserves fossils dating back to the Triassic period.

## Open Bay

At Open Bay the limestone of the Quatsino formation has been subjected to strong ductile deformation that likely formed during a regional tectonic event.
# Hanam Jeong clan

Henan Jeong clan (Korean: 하남 정씨; Hanja: 河南 程氏) is one of the Korean clans. Their Bon-gwan is in Henan, China. According to the research held in 2000, the number of Henan Jeong clan’s member was 7766. Their founder was Jeong U [ja] who worked as Minister of the Guards (Hanja: 衛尉) in Yuan dynasty during Toghon Temür’s reign. Jeong U [ja] entered Goryeo as a fatherly master with Kong Shao (Hanja: 孔紹) and 20 or more people when Princess Noguk had a marriage to an Goryeo royalty, later King Gongmin of Goryeo. Jeong U [ja] worked as In-palace equerry censors (Hanja: 殿中侍御史) during Chungjeong of Goryeo’s reign, granted High Merit Minister (Hanja: 壁上功臣) in 1352 and became Prince of Hansan. Jeong U [ja]’s descendant founded Henan Jeong clan and made Henan, Henan Jeong clan’s Bon-gwan.
# Lajos Gráf

Lajos Gráf (28 May 1893 – 11 February 1949) was a Hungarian rower. He competed in the men's eight event at the 1912 Summer Olympics. Gráf committed suicide by hanging himself in 1949.
# Jill Stuart

Jill Stuart (born 1965) is an American businesswoman and fashion designer based in New York City, where she has been operating since 1988. She established her eponymous label in 1993. She also has a significant international client base, particularly in Japan.

## Early life

Stuart was born in New York City in 1965. Her parents George and Lynn Stuart worked in Manhattan's Garment District and created the label Mister Pants, which was an early creator of women's tailored trousers and trouser suits in men's fabrics. Lynn Stuart also had her own higher end label, and became known for creating outfits for actresses including Lucille Ball, Natalie Wood, and Sheila MacRae.
Stuart attended Manhattan's Dalton School and later Rhode Island School of Design.

## Career

Stuart's career began early, having sold her first collection of fashion sets to Bloomingdale's by the age of 15 – suede hobo bags and silver and leather chokers. In 1988, her fashion entrepreneurship career took off as she established her first store, a fashion boutique located in the Upper East Side focusing on accessories such as belts and handbags. By 1990, her stoles, bags and fur accessories could be found in stores such as Neiman Marcus and Bergdorf Goodman. Her eponymous label was launched in 1993 and included Skinclothes – a range of leather garments, such as slip dresses, kilts, jeans and jackets.
Items from her collection appeared in the 1995 movie Clueless. The following year, Stuart's designs were stocked by Bloomingdale's stores in the US.
From the mid 1990s, Stuart began opening stores in Japan, including branches in Tokyo, Osaka and Kobe, and concessions in some 70 outlets across the country. Later the brand was sold in South Korea. In 2007, Lindsay Lohan was photographed by Mario Sorrenti as the face of the brand in Japan, becoming the subject of some controversy.
The brand is reported to have annual sales of around $30 million in the US, plus Asian sales of nearly $100 million. Customers include Hilary Swank, Kate Bosworth and Leighton Meester.

## Family

Stuart lives in SoHo, New York. Her daughter, Morgan Curtis, established the Morgan Lane brand of sleepwear and lingerie in 2012 after working for Stuart.
# Koulountou River

The Koulountou River (French: Rivière Koulountou) is a river in Senegal and Guinea. It is a tributary of the Gambia River.
The river's source is the Fouta Djallon plateau in northern Guinea. For most of its course, the river flows through southern Senegal.
Settlements on the river include Nadjaf Al Ashraf in Vélingara Department, Senegal.
# Polom (Gornji Milanovac)

Polom is a village in the municipality of Gornji Milanovac, Serbia. According to the 2002 census, the village has a population of 275 people.

## Notable people

* Milorad Drašković
* Pero Petrović
# Giovanni Battista Foggini

Giovanni Battista (Giambattista) Foggini (25 April 1652 – 12 April 1725) was an Italian sculptor active in Florence, renowned mainly for small bronze statuary.

## Biography

Born in Florence, the young Foggini was sent to Rome by the Medici Grand Duke of Tuscany to join the so-called Accademia Fiorentina, and apprentice in the Roman sculptural studio of Ercole Ferrata, a pupil of Algardi. He was also tutored in drawing by the Accademia's first director (1673–86), Ciro Ferri, who was a pupil of Cortona. Returning to Florence in 1676, he became the court sculptor for Cosimo III.
After the son of Pietro Tacca, Fernando, died in 1686, the mantle of the premier local sculptor fell to Foggini, who would become the Medici's Architetto Primario e Primo scultore della Casa Serenissima as well as Soprintendente dei Lavori (1687–1725). In 1687, Foggini acquired the foundry in Borgo Pinti that had once belonged to the sculptor Giambologna. This allowed him to specialize in small bronzes, produced mainly and profitably for export. His adaptation of Pietro Tacca's Moors was the basis of bronze and ceramic reproductions for the connoisseur market well into the 18th century.
In Florence, his masterpieces are his sculptural relief work in the Capella Corsini of the Chiesa del Carmine. The chapel was erected by Bartolomeo and Cardinal Neri Corsini in memory of their recently canonized ancestral family member, San Andrea Corsini. It contains three large marble reliefs depicting his life: San Andrea in Glory, The Mass of San Andrea Corsini and The Battle of Anghiari (1685–87). He also completed works in Cappella Feroni in the Annunziata. Another work is the main staircase of the Medici-Riccardi Palace in Florence.
Among his small bronzes are David with the Head of Goliath.
Foggini's pupils included Fernando Fuga, his nephew Filippo della Valle, Balthasar Permoser, Giovacchino Fortini and Giovanni Baratta. Massimiliano Soldani Benzi was a contemporary student with Foggini in Rome and also active in small bronze sculpture.

## Gallery

* Grand Duke of Tuscany Cosimo III de Medici - 1683 - Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York City
* Grand Prince Ferdinando de Medici - Giovanni Battista Foggini - 1683 - Metropolitan Museum of Art - New York City
* Ferdinando II de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany - 1690 - National Gallery of Art, Washington, DC
* Bust of Cosimo III de' Medici, 1717-1718 CE. By Giovanni Battista Figgini. Marble, from Italy, Florence. The Victoria and Albert Museum, London
# Ernesford Grange

Ernesford Grange is a suburb of Coventry, West Midlands. It is in the southeast of the city and borders the Binley, Stoke Aldermoor and Willenhall areas. It is part of the Coventry South Constituency. The district was built in the 1960s and the 1970s with a three phase housing estate.
It is served by four primary schools, the Ernesford Grange Community Academy, and Corpus Christi church and school. There is also a leisure centre (Alan Higgs) with an 18 metre long swimming pool.
Many of the closes in phase 2 and ohase 3 of the council estates are named after managers who worked in the Binley Colliery.
Binley Little Woods sits squarely in the middle of the phase 1 closes. It is a protected site, and is a fabulous sea of blue and violet in May, bluebell season.
# Elizabeth Duncan (dancer)

Elizabeth Duncan (November 8, 1871 – December 1, 1948) was an American dancer and dance teacher from California who spent much of her life in Germany and the Soviet Union. The elder sister of Isadora Duncan, she dedicated her life to improving dance education and honoring of her sister's legacy. Elizabeth Duncan operated Isadora Duncan's schools during the latter's life.

## Life and career

Elizabeth Duncan was the oldest child of Joseph Charles Duncan (1819–1898), a banker, and Mary Isadora Gray (1849–1922). Her younger siblings were Augustin Duncan, Raymond Duncan, and Isadora Duncan. Joseph Duncan was involved in illegal dealings, after which the couple divorced and the family became impoverished. The Duncans taught dance lessons to children in Oakland to earn extra income. Elizabeth Duncan is largely credited with teaching Isadora in their youth, and it was during this time that Isadora developed her style of modern dance and Elizabeth developed her pedagogical style.
The sisters opened their first school in Europe in 1904. Elizabeth then opened a school in Darmstadt in 1911, which relocated to the Hudson Valley area in 1915, to Potsdam in 1921, Salzburg in 1925 until 1935, (Paris in 1930), Munich in 1935, back to Salzburg in 1945, and back to Munich until Duncan's death. Elizabeth attempted a career in performance and had moderate success, but found that her passion lay in teaching. She believed that one could not separate art and life, and thus required both intellectual and physical rigor from her students.
Elizabeth Duncan was also a teacher of the Isadorables, six students hand-picked to study under her sister. Both sisters were concerned with mounting violence in Europe in 1914, which prompted their brief relocation, along with the Isadorables, to the United States. While there, Elizabeth advocated for bringing children orphaned by World War I to America for education. She wrote in a letter to the editor in The New York Times that it was necessary to "attack the problem of race hygiene at its very foundation".
Elizabeth Duncan and her sister Isadora were often estranged. The sisters shared a love of dance and Grecian art; Elizabeth frequently wore togas and sandals. Although hard to assess, it appears that Elizabeth handled the finances of all of Isadora's schools, and would send the dancer money while she was on tour. After Isadora's death, she continued to dedicate her life to her sister's work, continuing to establish schools and ultimately a foundation honoring the Duncan legacy.

## In popular culture

Many depictions of Isadora's life include that of her sister. Elizabeth Duncan is a narrator in Amelia Gray's novel Isadora (2017).
# John Boyd (bacteriologist)

Brigadier Sir John Smith Knox Boyd (18 September 1891 – 10 June 1981) was a Scottish bacteriologist and a senior officer in the Royal Army Medical Corps (RAMC).

## Biography

Boyd was born in Largs, Ayrshire, to John Knox Boyd, a bank agent, and his wife Margaret Wilson Smith, the younger Boyd attended Largs Academy before studying medicine at Glasgow University under Sir Robert Muir and Carl Browning. He came top in his year, securing the Brunton Medal, when he graduated MB ChB in 1913 (he subsequently secured the Diploma in Public Health (DPH) from Cambridge in 1924 and the Doctor of Medicine (MD) degree from Glasgow in 1948) and joined the RAMC the following year, serving in France, Belgium and Salonika in the First World War. He remained with the RAMC until 1946, also seeing action in the Second World War in the Middle East and North West Europe; for the year 1945–46, he was Director of Pathology at the War Office.
After retiring from the Army with the rank of Brigadier, he became Director of the Wellcome Laboratories of Tropical Medicine, remaining in office until 1955. He was knighted in 1958, appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in 1942, and a Fellow of the Royal Society and of the Royal College of Physicians in 1951. He received honorary doctorates from the universities of Salford and Glasgow and the Manson Medal in 1968.
He was married twice, firstly to Elizabeth Edgar from 1918 till her death in 1956, and secondly to Mary Murphy (daughter of D. H. Murphy) from 1957 until her death in 1968.
The bacteria Shigella boydii is named after him.
# Gerrhosaurus nigrolineatus

The black-lined plated lizard (Gerrhosaurus nigrolineatus) is a species of lizard in the Gerrhosauridae family. It is found in Gabon, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Angola, Namibia, Tanzania, Botswana, Malawi, Mozambique, South Africa, Zimbabwe, Kenya, and Zambia.
# Asparagine—oxo-acid transaminase

In enzymology, an asparagine-oxo-acid transaminase (EC 2.6.1.14) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
    L-asparagine + a 2-oxo acid $\rightleftharpoons$ 2-oxosuccinamate + an amino acid
Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are L-asparagine and 2-oxo acid, whereas its two products are 2-oxosuccinamate and amino acid.
This enzyme belongs to the family of transferases, specifically the transaminases, which transfer nitrogenous groups. The systematic name of this enzyme class is L-asparagine:2-oxo-acid aminotransferase. This enzyme is also called asparagine-keto acid aminotransferase. This enzyme participates in alanine and aspartate metabolism and tetracycline biosynthesis. It employs one cofactor, pyridoxal phosphate.
# Hydroxyglutamate decarboxylase

The enzyme hydroxyglutamate decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.16) catalyzes the chemical reaction
    3-hydroxy-L-glutamate $\rightleftharpoons$ 4-amino-3-hydroxybutanoate + CO$_2$
Hence, this enzyme has one substrate, 3-hydroxy-L-glutamate, and two products, 4-amino-3-hydroxybutanoate and CO$_2$.
This enzyme belongs to the family of lyases, specifically the carboxy-lyases, which cleave carbon-carbon bonds. The systematic name of this enzyme class is 3-hydroxy-L-glutamate 1-carboxy-lyase (4-amino-3-hydroxybutanoate-forming). This enzyme is also called 3-hydroxy-L-glutamate 1-carboxy-lyase. It employs one cofactor, pyridoxal phosphate.
# Gert and Daisy Clean Up

Gert and Daisy Clean Up is a 1942 British comedy film directed by Maclean Rogers and starring Elsie Waters, Doris Waters and Iris Vandeleur. It was written by Kathleen Butler and H. F. Maltby, with additional dialogue by Elsie and Doris Waters and Harry Gibbs.

## Plot

Gert and Daisy are working in a restaurant but are sacked when the mayor is served yellow soap instead of cheese. They subsequently expose the black-marketing activities of local grocer Mr Perry.

## Cast

* Elsie Waters as Gert
* Doris Waters as Daisy
* Iris Vandeleur as Ma Butler
* Elizabeth Hunt as Hettie
* Toni Edgar-Bruce as Mrs. Wilberforce
* Joss Ambler as Mr. Perry
* Ralph Michael as Jack Gregory
* Uriel Porter as Snow White
* Harry Herbert as Old Cheerful
* Angela Glynne as girl
* Arthur Hambling as PC Albert Green
* Johnnie Schofield as policeman on night duty
* Douglas Stewart as mayor
* David Trickett as boy

## Production

The film's sets were designed by the art director Andrew Mazzei. It was shot at the Riverside Studios in Hammersmith.

## Reception

The Monthly Film Bulletin wrote: "A good rollicking farce into which a very topical message has been adroitly sandwiched. Elsie and Doris Waters give a characteristically buoyant performance as Gert and Daisy and they are supported by a cast who are at the same time very amusing and most naturally human. The film is efficiently directed and produced and the inclusion of several boisterous songs from Gert and Daisy and a negro spiritual, sung in a truly Robesonesque fashion by Uriel Porter, adds to its general appeal."
Picture Show wrote: "Good, clean fun is provided by the latest adventures of Gert and Daisy which provide a comical commentary on war-time domestic life ... Elsie and Doris Waters are the life and soul of the film, and there is no lack of comedy situations and.typical repartee, and one or two catchy songs."
In British Sound Films: The Studio Years 1928–1959 David Quinlan rated the film as "average", writing: "Rumbustuous farce with ebullient performances from the stars."