OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Charlotte Baldwin Allen

Charlotte Baldwin Allen (July 14, 1805 – August 3, 1895) is known in Texan history as the "mother of Houston". She was the wife of Augustus Chapman Allen, who used her inheritance to finance the founding of this city.

## Early life

Charlotte (Mary) Baldwin Allen was born July 14, 1805, in Baldwinsville, Onondaga County, New York, to Eliza and Jonas Cutler Baldwin. She married Augustus Chapman Allen on May 3, 1831. In 1832, her husband and his brother John Kirby Allen left New York state for Texas, settling temporarily in San Augustine, Texas (Mexico). Charlotte Allen probably rejoined her husband in Texas in 1834. She established a residence in Nacogdoches, Texas (Mexico).

## Founding of Houston

When John Kirby Allen and Augustus Chapman Allen bought land for the town site of Houston, they had been investing some of Charlotte Allen's inheritance. As Houston was surveyed in 1836 and settled beginning early in 1837, Charlotte and Augustus Allen built a house on Prairie Street at Caroline in Houston. Their next-door neighbor would be the President of Texas, Sam Houston. One of Charlotte Allen's house guests was Mary Austin Holley, who kept a journal of her experiences of early Houston and drew a sketch of the Capitol. Many sources credit her for naming the City of Houston.
Her brother-in-law, John Allen, died in 1838. Augustus Allen left Houston for Mexico. Charlotte remained in Houston and continued to manage the Allens' business interests. They separated in 1850. The Old Capitol Hotel passed on to Charlotte, and it was run as a hotel until she sold the property in 1857.

## Death

Allen died in Houston on August 3, 1895, at ninety. She was buried at Glenwood Cemetery in Houston. The Texas State Historical Association sponsored a historical plaque at her grave site in 2009.

## Legacy

In 2019 a former DoubleTree hotel in Downtown Houston was renamed the C. Baldwin Hotel.
# Diiodotyrosine transaminase

In enzymology, a diiodotyrosine transaminase (EC 2.6.1.24) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
    3,5-diiodo-L-tyrosine + 2-oxoglutarate $\rightleftharpoons$ 4-hydroxy-3,5-diiodophenylpyruvate + L-glutamate
Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are 3,5-diiodo-L-tyrosine and 2-oxoglutarate, whereas its two products are 4-hydroxy-3,5-diiodophenylpyruvate and L-glutamate.
This enzyme belongs to the family of transferases, specifically the transaminases, which transfer nitrogenous groups. The systematic name of this enzyme class is 3,5-diiodo-L-tyrosine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase. Other names in common use include diiodotyrosine aminotransferase, halogenated tyrosine aminotransferase, and halogenated tyrosine transaminase. It employs one cofactor, pyridoxal phosphate.
# Louise de Clermont

Louise de Clermont-Tallard, Countess of Tonnerre by inheritance and duchess of Uzès by marriage was a French court official. She was a lady-in-waiting of queen regent Catherine de Medici of France and a royal governess of king Charles IX of France. She was an influential figure at the French royal court as the favourite of the queen-regent and a member of the intimate circle of the royal family.

## Life

Louise de Clermont was the daughter of Bernardin de Clermont and Anne de Husson. She married François du Bellay (died 1554) in 1539, and Antoine de Crussol in 1556. She was a maid-of-honour to the queen mother Louise of Savoy prior to her marriage. She met Catherine de Medici in 1533 and became one of her personal friends and confidantes from this point on. In 1552, she was formally appointed lady-in-waiting to queen Catherine. She was appointed governess to the royal children.
# Nhoabe viettealis

Nhoabe viettealis is a species of snout moth in the genus Nhoabe. It was described by Hubert Marion in 1955 and is known from Madagascar.

## Subspecies

* Nhoabe viettealis suarezalis P. Leraut, 2006
# Flag of Alberta

The flag of Alberta is an official symbol of the province of Alberta, Canada. In 1968, the provincial legislature authorized the design of a flag, adopting it on 1 June 1968.
The flag has the proportions 1:2, with the provincial coat of arms in the centre of an ultramarine blue background. The shield's height is 7⁄11 that of the flag's height.
The provincial colours, adopted in 1984, are blue and gold (deep yellow); they are also referred to as "Alberta blue" and "Alberta gold", appearing on the flag/shield in the sky/background and wheat background, respectively.
In 2001, a survey conducted by the North American Vexillological Association (NAVA) placed the Alberta provincial flag 35th in design quality out of the 72 Canadian provincial, U.S. state, and U.S. territory flags ranked. Out of all Canadian flags, only Ontario and Manitoba ranked lower.

## History

Around the time of the upcoming centennial celebration of Canadian Confederation petitions were submitted in November 1966 to Premier Ernest Charles Manning by the Social Credit Women's Auxiliaries of the Alberta Social Credit League to give Alberta its own unique flag. The flag was designed and approved as the official provincial flag by the Alberta legislature on June 1, 1968.
The Calgary Flames used the flag as a shoulder patch on their home and away uniforms from 2007 to 2020.

## Gallery

* Standard of the lieutenant governor of Alberta
* Standard of the lieutenant governor of Alberta (1907–1981)
* Flag of Franco-Albertans
# Great Swordsman

Great Swordsman (グレートソードマン) is an arcade fighting game developed by Allumer and published by Taito in 1984. In 2005, it was later included in Taito Legends.

## Gameplay

In Great Swordsman, one or two players can play while taking turns. Players control with two-way joystick and three buttons that have varying hit levels which creates different level attacks. Like in Data East's Karate Champ, buttons must be held. If they are released, the characters will revert to their standing animation. Moves can be defended against by intercepting the opponents weapons.
The object of the game is to land a hit on the opponent or push them off the mat to score a point. There are fifteen levels with three different modes. The first three are fencing, the next five are kendo, and the final seven are gladiator-based. After clearing all levels in one mode, the "VICTORY SCORE" will be added to the players scores, even if they were tied with their opponents at the end. After fifteen levels are completed, the players start over in a higher difficulty setting and repeat after the next fifteen levels are also cleared. There are also bonus levels where players must deflect arrows to score extra points.

## Reception

In Japan, Game Machine listed Great Swordsman on their September 1, 1984 issue as being the most-successful table arcade unit of the month.
# Wright v Tatham

Wright v Doe d. Tatham (1838) is a famous Exchequer Court decision on the use of hearsay within a trial. The case was further one of the main inspirations for Dickens' Bleak House. The decision was later upheld by the House of Lords in R v Kearly (1992).

## Facts

Tatham was the claimant and heir to the fortune of the deceased. The will, however, had devised a portion of the property to Wright, a former servant. The main issue was whether the deceased had the required testamentary capacity when he wrote his will. Three letters written to the testator were submitted as circumstantial evidence that the author believed the testator was of sound mind and the issue was whether these letters could be admitted as evidence to prove competence or whether they constituted hearsay. Wright had argued that the letters were admissible because they showed that the testator was seen and treated as a competent in the eyes of those who knew him. Tatham argued that they were inadmissible and so would have to sworn under oath before they could be admissible.

## Judgment of the Court

The House of Lords held that the letters were inadmissible as hearsay because the letters implied the statement "Marsden was of sound mind."

## Subsequent use

The case appears in numerous treatises and evidence text books because of the difficult hearsay issue it raised. Baron Parke held that conduct consistent with a belief in a fact is hearsay when offered to prove the existence of that fact. The approach taken by Federal Rules of Evidence 801(a) does not yield the same result, as it requires that there be an intention to assert, which was absent from the "statement" in Wright v. Doe d. Tatham.
* This case law article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# Cecily Parsley's Nursery Rhymes

Cecily Parsley's Nursery Rhymes is a children's book written and illustrated by Beatrix Potter, and published by Frederick Warne & Co. in December 1922. The book is a compilation of traditional English nursery rhymes such as "Goosey Goosey Gander", "This Little Piggy" and "Three Blind Mice". The title character is a rabbit who brews ale for gentlemen.
It was Potter's second book of rhymes published by Warne, with the first one being Appley Dapply's Nursery Rhymes. Merchandise generated from the book includes Beswick Pottery porcelain figurines and Schmid music boxes.
# 2017 Central American Games

The 2017 Central American Games, the XI edition of the Central American Games, were hosted in Managua, Nicaragua during 3–17 December 2017.

## Sports

* Athletics (Details)
* Basketball (Details)
* Handball (Details)
* Baseball (Details)
* Boxing (Details)
* Biking (Details)
* Swimming (Details)
* Fencing (Details)
* Football (Details)
* Golf (Details)
* Weightlifting (Details)
* Field hockey (Details)
* Karate (Details)
* Judo (Details)
* Wrestling (Details)
* Rowing (Details)
* Rugby sevens (Details)
* Taekwondo (Details)
* Tennis (Details)
* Table tennis (Details)
* Softball (Details)
* Surfing (Details)
* Triathlon (Details)
* Volleyball (Details)
In addition, four sports that are not part of the Olympic schedule will be included:
* Chess (Details)
* Billiards (Details)
* Bodybuilding (Details)
* Sambo (Details)

## Medal table

* Host nation (Nicaragua)
| Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
| 1 | Guatemala (GUA) | 110 | 87 | 90 | 287 |
| 2 | Costa Rica (CRC) | 69 | 62 | 48 | 179 |
| 3 | Nicaragua (NIC)* | 58 | 77 | 81 | 216 |
| 4 | Panama (PAN) | 41 | 55 | 63 | 159 |
| 5 | El Salvador (ESA) | 37 | 28 | 84 | 149 |
| 6 | Honduras (HON) | 27 | 32 | 47 | 106 |
| 7 | Belize (BLZ) | 2 | 4 | 6 | 12 |
| Totals (7 entries) | Totals (7 entries) | 344 | 345 | 419 | 1,108 |
# Panagiotis Vouis

Panagiotis Vouis (Greek: Παναγιώτης Βούης; born 23 October 1985) is a Greek professional footballer. Although being born in Greece, He holds Australian Citizenship
# John Davis (American Civil War sailor)

Quarter Gunner John Davis (died 17 November 1863) was an American sailor who fought in the American Civil War. Davis received the country's highest award for bravery during combat, the Medal of Honor, for his action aboard the USS Valley City on 10 February 1862. He was honored with the award on 3 April 1863.

## Biography

Davis was born in the Cedarville section of Lawrence Township, Cumberland County, New Jersey. He enlisted into the United States Navy from New Jersey. Davis died in the New York City Naval Hospital on 17 November 1863 (possibly due to his injuries) and was buried at an unknown location.

## Medal of Honor citation

   Served on board the U.S.S. Valley City during action against rebel fort batteries and ships off Elizabeth City, N.C., on 10 February 1862. When a shell from the shore penetrated the side and passed through the magazine, exploding outside the screen on the berth deck, several powder division protecting bulkheads were torn to pieces and the forward part of the berth deck set on fire. Showing great presence of mind, Davis courageously covered a barrel of powder with his own body and prevented an explosion, while at the same time passing powder to provide the division on the upper deck while under fierce enemy fire.
# Tumpak Sewu Waterfalls

Tumpak Sewu, also known as Coban Sewu, is a tiered waterfall that is located between the Pronojiwo District, Lumajang Regency, and the Ampelgading District, Malang Regency, in East Java, Indonesia. The waterfall is overshadowed by Semeru, an active volcano and the highest mountain in Java. The Glidik River, which flows down Semeru, is the primary water source for the waterfall. Tumpak Sewu is loosely translated to mean "a thousand waterfalls" in the Javanese language. The name likely originated due to its appearance of many different waterfalls in one single, semi-circular area.
Tumpak Sewu is a highly-visited tourist destination, primarily on the weekends. Infrastructure built around and inside the main box canyon has allowed for easier access to the area, although the trip to enter or exit is still physically demanding and may take around an hour to complete.
# Adam Hall (alpine skier)

Adam James Hall MNZM (born 9 October 1987) is a New Zealand alpine skier and double Paralympic gold medalist.

## Life

Hall was born in Dunedin on 9 October 1987 to Lindsay Hall, a dairy farmer, and Gayle Hall, née Paterson, an obstetric nurse. He was diagnosed with spina bifida.
Hall competed for New Zealand at the 2006 Winter Paralympics, where he placed 41st in the men's downhill event, 43rd in the men's giant slalom and 50th in the men's super-G, standing
At the 2010 Winter Paralympics, Hall won a gold medal in the men's slalom event, standing. He placed 8th in the men's super combined and 7th in the men's super-G, standing.
At the 2018 Winter Paralympics, Hall again won a gold medal in the men's slalom event, standing, and also won a bronze medal in the super combined standing. He was also named as a co-recipient of the 2018 Whang Youn Dai Achievement Award.
In 2022, he won the silver medal in the men's standing slalom event at the 2021 World Para Snow Sports Championships held in Lillehammer, Norway.
Hall was appointed a Member of the New Zealand Order of Merit in the 2011 Queen's Birthday Honours, for services to sport.
# Lawson baronets of Brough Hall (second creation, 1841)

The Lawson, later Howard-Lawson baronetcy, of Brough Hall in the County of York, was created in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom on 8 September 1841 for William Lawson. Born William Wright, he was the son of John Wright, of Kelvedon, by Elizabeth Lawson, daughter of the 5th Baronet of the 1665 creation whose surname he assumed in lieu of his Wright. His mother had previously inherited the Lawson family seat of Brough Hall.
The 3rd Baronet married Ursula Mary Howard in 1899. She was the only living heir of Sir Philip John Canning Howard, of Corby Castle, Cumberland; a descendant of Sir Francis Howard (1588–1660), son of Lord William Howard. The 6th Baronet assumed by Royal Licence in 1962 the Howard name and arms and then resumed use of the Lawson name in 1992.
On the death of the 4th Baronet in 1975 Brough Hall was left to his two daughters, Valerie Worthington (née Lawson) and Jill Lawson. The title passed to his younger brother William, the 5th Baronet, and the seat moved to Corby Castle, Cumbria, ancestral home of Sir Francis Howard. Corby Castle was sold in 1994 to Lord Ballyedmond. In 2010, Philip Howard, the son of Sir John Philip Howard-Lawson, 6th Baronet, sued the latter for unlawfully selling Corby Castle. It was reported in February and March 2012 that the suit had been rejected by the original court and again at appeal, and that Philip Howard was intending to pursue it in the Supreme Court.

## Lawson, later Howard-Lawson baronets, of Brough Hall (1841)

* Sir William Lawson, 1st Baronet (1796–1865)
* Sir John Lawson, 2nd Baronet (1829–1910)
* Sir Henry Joseph Lawson, 3rd Baronet (1877–1947)
* Sir Ralph Henry Lawson, 4th Baronet (1905–1975)
* Sir William Howard Lawson, 5th Baronet (1907–1990)
* Sir John Philip Howard-Lawson, 6th Baronet (born 1934)
The heir is Sir John's son, Philip William Howard, born 1961.
# Sunday Times Rich List 2013

The Sunday Times Rich List 2013 is the 25th annual survey of the wealthiest people resident in the United Kingdom, published by The Sunday Times on 21 April 2013.
The Guardian noted that "the annual rich list is dominated by Russian and Indian billionaires, with the highest ranking Briton being the Duke of Westminster, worth £7.8bn thanks to his property holdings in London's Mayfair and Belgravia and ranked eighth."

## Top 10 fortunes

| 2013 | 2013 | Name | Citizenship | Source of wealth | 2012 | 2012 |
| Rank | Net worth £ bn | Name | Citizenship | Source of wealth | Rank | Net worth £ bn |
| 1 | £13.30 | Alisher Usmanov | Russia | Mining and investment | 2 | £12.32 |
| 2 | £10.00 | Leonard Blavatnik | United States | Industry | 5 | £7.58 |
| 3 | £10.60 | Sri and Gopi Hinduja | India | Industry and finance | 4 | £8.60 |
| 4 | £10.00 | Lakshmi Mittal and family | India | Steel | 1 | £12.70 |
| 5 | £9.30 | Roman Abramovich | Russia | Oil and industry | 3 | £9.50 |
| 6 | £8.80 | John Fredriksen and family | Cyprus | Shipping and oil services | 9 | £6.60 |
| 7 | £8.28 | David and Simon Reuben | United Kingdom | Property, metal trading and internet | 8 | £7.08 |
| 8 | £7.80 | Gerald Grosvenor, 6th Duke of Westminster | United Kingdom | Inheritance and property | 7 | £7.35 |
| 9 | £7.40 | Ernesto and Kirsty Bertarelli | Switzerland & United Kingdom | Pharmaceuticals | 6 | £7.40 |
| 10 | £7.00 | Charlene de Carvalho-Heineken and Michel Carvalho | Netherlands | Inheritance, banking, brewing (Heineken) | 11 | £5.49 |
# Pantelis Melachroinoudis

Pantelis Melachroinoudis (Greek: Παντελής Μελαχροινούδης; born May 6, 1985, in Athens) is a Greek sprinter, who specialized in the 400 metres. Melachroinoudis competed for the men's 4 × 400 m relay at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, along with his teammates Stylianos Dimotsios, Konstadinos Anastasiou, and Dimitrios Gravalos. He ran on the third leg of the second heat, with an individual-split time of 45.15 seconds. Melachroinoudis and his team finished the relay in seventh place for a seasonal best time of 3:04.30, failing to advance into the final.

## Honours

| Year | Competition | Venue | Position | Event | Notes |
| 2008 | Olympic Games | Beijing, China | 15th (sf) | 4 × 400 m relay | 3:04.30 SB |
| 2009 | Mediterranean Games | Pescara, Italy | 3rd | 4 × 400 m relay | 3:06.29 |
| 2010 | European Championships | Barcelona, Spain | 10th (sf) | 4 × 400 m relay | 3:07.12 |
# 11 Episodios Sinfónicos

11 Episodios Sinfónicos (11 Symphonic Episodes) is a live album recorded by Gustavo Cerati at the Teatro Avenida of Buenos Aires in August 2001. Following the footsteps of other important artists, Cerati rearranged eleven tracks from both his former band Soda Stereo and his solo albums into symphonic melodies. The concert consisted of him singing while the orchestra played along while being directed by Alejandro Terán. A DVD was also released which featured four additional songs not included in the CD, as well as behind-the-scenes extras and a documentary.

## Reception

The Allmusic review by Drago Bonacich awarded the album 4 stars stating "The album brings a collection of greatest hits with well-crafted arrangements and sophisticated sounds, mostly delivered by violins and violoncellos. In addition, Cerati's seductive voice allows listeners to establish a captivating connection between rock en español and classical music.".
Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |

## CD Track Listing

* "Canción Animal" (Animal Song) – 5:32 (originally from Canción Animal, 1990)
* "Bocanada" (Mouthful) – 4:01 (originally from Bocanada, 1999)
* "Corazón Delator" (Tell-Tale Heart) – 6:22 (originally from Doble Vida, 1988)
* "El Rito" (The Rite) – 6:51 (originally from Signos, 1986)
* "A Merced" (At Mercy) – 2:33 (originally from Amor Amarillo, 1993)
* "Raiz" (Root) – 4:12 (originally from Bocanada, 1999)
* "Sweet Sahumerio" – 6:40 (originally from Dynamo, 1992)
* "Persiana Americana" (American Blinds) – 6:52 (originally from Signos, 1986)
* "Verbo Carne" (Flesh Verb) – 3:55 (originally from Bocanada, 1999)
* "Un Millón de Años Luz" (A Million Light Years) – 5:19 (originally from Canción Animal, 1990)
* "Signos" (Signs) – 5:36 (originally from Signos, 1986)

### Bonus Tracks on DVD

* "Pasos" (Demo) (originally from Sueño Stereo, 1995)
* "Fue" (originally from Dynamo, 1992)
* "Lisa" (originally from Amor Amarillo, 1993)
* "Hombre al Agua" (originally from Canción Animal, 1990)

## Personnel

* Gustavo Cerati – Composer, Vocals
* Andrés Bercellini, Louis Martino, Richard Nant, Miguel Tallarita – Trumpet
* Dimitri Rodnoi, Diego Sánchez – Cello
* Kristina Bara, Elizabeth Ridolfi, Jorge Sandrini – Viola
* Pablo Aznarez, José Bagnatti, Damián Bolotín, Javier Casalla, María Mercedes Molina, Sebastián Prusak – Violin

### Technical personnel

* Guillermo Andino – Executive Producer
* Eloisa Ballivián – Graphic Design
* Eduardo Bergallo – Engineer, Mixing
* Diego Blanco – Digital Editing
* Carmelo Domínguez – Executive Producer
* Alejandro Franov – Librettist
* Daniel Melero – Composer
* Gonzalo Rainoldi – Mixing Assistant
* Pablo Ramírez – Wardrobe
* Marcelo Rios – Wardrobe
* Mariano Rodriguez – Recording Assistant
* Diego Sáenz – Producer
* Sebastian Schachtel – Theremin
* Urko Suaya – Graphic Design
* Alejandro Terán – Arranger, Direction

## Charts

Chart performance for 11 Episodios Sinfónicos :
| Chart (2022) | Peak position |
| Argentine Albums (CAPIF) | 7 |
# Sedudo Waterfall

Sedudo waterfall is situated in the Ngliman village, Sawahan district, within Nganjuk Regency, East Java, Indonesia. The waterfall is located some 30 km south of the district’s capital, Nganjuk, and lies at an altitude of 1,438 metres above sea level, with a drop of approximately 105 metres. Sedudo is close to the base of Mount Wilis, a volcanic massif with no recorded history of eruptions.

## Tourist Attraction and Infrastructure

Sedudo waterfall is a local tourist attraction and plays a significant role in the festivities and rituals of Sato Sura – the start of the Javanese New Year that celebrated during the month known as Sura, sometimes written as Suro.
The local government in Nganjuk Regency has constructed a pool at the base of the waterfall and a surrounding paved area for visitors and onlookers. A small fee of 3,000 Rupiah per person is charged to enter the area around the waterfall. Transport from Surabaya and Yogyakarta has been improved to make visiting the waterfall easier.
In February 2023 there was cliff collapse at the waterfall site which caused one fatality and three injuries. A rotten tree and rocks fell from the edge of the top of the waterfall striking people when it fell.

## Sedudo Bathing Ritual

According to the local custom, bathing in the Sedudo waterfall on the first day of Sato Sura will ensure salvation and eternal youth. There are two ways of receiving this blessing. Many locals bathe in the pool at the base of the waterfall or under the waterfall itself. This practice is commonly observed during Sato Sura, when thousands of people from the Nganjuk Regency come to visit the Sedudo waterfall. At other times during the year it is common to bathe a Parna Prahista statue or icon in the waters, and to take the water that has touched the artifact back home, to sprinkle on members of the family. The bathing custom and ritual statue ceremony have been part of East Javanese culture since the empire of Majapahit (1293 – c.1500).