OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Longicrusavis

Longicrusavis (meaning "long shin bird" in Latin) is an extinct genus of basal ornithuromorph bird found only at Dawangzhangzi village in Liaoning Province, China. Longicrusavis was a ground dwelling carnivore, a wader, and part of biological family Hongshanornithidae, considered to have been a dominant species in the Jehol Biota, the prehistoric Chinese ecosystem which supported them. The name Hongshanornithidae represents one of China's oldest recorded cultures in the region, the Hongshan culture.

## Description

Longicrusavis is a ground dwelling carnivore known from the holotype specimen PKUP V1069, found from the Lower Cretaceous Yixian Formation in Liaoning Province, China., which consists of shale slab and counter slab. The skeleton is nearly complete and belongs to an adult individual, with carbonized feathers preserved in full plumage with visible colouration around the head and forelimbs.
Like the closely related genus Hongshanornis, Longicrusavis has hindlimbs that are very long relative to the forelimbs. Longicrusavis has a rostrum that is more robust than that of Hongshanornis. The skull, though broken in the individual specimen, would be roughly triangular in shape with large eye socket orbits. In lateral view, the dorsal margin of the skull is slightly concave, but not as much as the dorsal margin of the skull of Hongshanornis, where there is an abrupt constriction at the rostrum.
Although no teeth are preserved, they were likely present in the upper jaw owing to the presence of alveoli, or tooth sockets, in the premaxilla and maxilla. Otherwise, Longicrusavis is one of the closest examples to a toothless bird with an evolving beak. Hongshanornis also appears to have alveoli, despite being described as toothless when it was first named. No alveoli are found in the mandible, indicating that it was likely edentulous. Longicrusavis exhibits an obvious long, thin, pointed beak.
Comparison of the tail feathers to another similar discovery, both possessing a long fan shaped tail improving flight, suggests these to be the oldest form of bird with this type of tail.

## Implications

Longicrusavis is important because detailed evidence of transitioning dinosaurs to birds are rare. Specimen PKUP V1069 also gives us, in conjunction with another palaeontological discovery five years before, evidence a range of small specialised birds from the early Cretaceous, 120-130 million years ago.
The holotype evidencing the discovery is held at the Beijing Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology (IVPP) as part of a collection.

## Jehol Biota

The Longicrusavis fossil was part the Jehol Biota from which is unearthed a whole range of palaeontological finds including dinosaurs, mammals, birds, fishes and invertebrates. "The Jehol Biota never fails to stop giving, and the research to be done on these fossils is virtually endless!" said O'Connor who has determined at least three evolutionary stages to divide history based on the Dabeigou (130ma), Yixian (125ma), and Jiufotang (120ma) Formation periods issuing the Longicrusavis are the earlier Yixian and Jiufotang.
# Lorraine Formation

The Lorraine Formation is a geologic formation in Quebec. It preserves fossils dating back to the Ordovician period.
# Lynton Slates

The Lynton Slates is a geologic formation in England. It preserves fossils dating back to the Devonian period.
# Macropterygius

Macropterygius is a genus of ichthyosaurs known from the Late Jurassic (Kimmeridgian age) of England (Kimmeridge Clay formation). Though many specimens have been referred to this genus from all over Europe, the type specimen of the only recognized species, M. trigonus, consists of just a single vertebra. Because this cannot be used to distinguish ichthyosaurs from one another, the genus and species are currently considered nomina dubia (doubtful names).

## Discovery and species

Originally described by Owen (1840) as a species of the genus Ichthyosaurus (I. trigonus). It has had an unstable taxonomic history, partly because the species was originally named without designating any particular specimen as the holotype. In 1889, the original type specimen of I. trigonus used by richard Owen was thought to be lost, and so Lydekker named several isolated vertebrae as the "type" of this species, though during this time there was no formal concept of a neotype. This created a problem, because the vertebrae selected by Lydekker came from unknown sediments and were not definitely associated with the original specimens named and described by Owen. Matters were complicated when the original holotype used by Owen was re-discovered, making the designation of a neotype unnecessary. This situation was not officially fixed until 1993, when the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature formally declared that Lydekker's statement about the "type" did not count as designating a neotype, and so the designation did not need to be reversed in light of the holotype's re-discovery. The ICZN, in the same decision (Opinion 1734, Case 2779), added the genus Macropterygius and species M. trigonus (originally I. trigonus) to the list of generic and specific names, making both names nomina conservanda. The original holotype specimen is currently held by the Academy of Natural Sciences in Philadelphia, cataloged as specimen number ANSP 10124.
In 2000, Bardet and Fernández found that the holotype specimen of Macropterygius trigonus is undiagnosible beyond the level of Ophthalmosauridae, thus this genus and species were considered nomina dubia.
# Madison Valley Formation

The Madison Valley Formation is a geologic formation in Montana. It preserves fossils dating back to the Neogene period.
# Magdalena Formation

The Magdalena Formation is a geologic formation in Texas. It preserves fossils dating back to the Permian period.
# Mangelia hesperia

Mangelia hesperia is an extinct species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Mangeliidae.

## Distribution

This extinct marine species was found in Pliocene strata of the Canoa Formation in Ecuador; age range: 5.332 to 2.588 Ma
# Manitoba Limestone

The Manitoba Limestone is a geologic formation in Manitoba. It preserves fossils dating back to the Devonian period.
# Manjoceras

Manjoceras is a genus of discosorids named by Zhuravleva, 1972; a kind of nautiloid in which the connecting rings of the siphuncle are longitudinally zoned and clasp around the rim of the septal openings.
# Manticoceras

Manticoceras is a genus of ammonites included in the family Gephuroceratidae. These fast-moving nektonic carnivores lived in the Devonian period, from 382.4 to 376.1 Ma.

## Species

* Manticoceras adorfense
* Manticoceras contractum
* Manticoceras drevermanni
* Manticoceras intumescens
* Manticoceras lamed
* Manticoceras nodifer
* Manticoceras simulator
* Manticoceras sinuosum

## Distribution

Fossils of species within this genus have been found in the sediments of Germany, Australia, Canada, France, Poland, Spain, the United Kingdom and United States.
# Manuel Creek Formation

The Manuel Creek Formation is a geologic formation in Northwest Territories. It preserves fossils dating back to the Jurassic period.
# Marl Formation

The Marl Formation is a geologic formation in France. It preserves fossils dating back to the Paleogene period.
# Marnes d'Auzas

The Marnes d'Auzas is a geologic formation in France. It preserves fossils dating back to the Cretaceous period.
# You Can't Say That

You Can't Say That is a 2011 political memoir by British politician Ken Livingstone, who served as Mayor of London (2000–8), leader of the Greater London Council (1981–86) and member of the House of Commons for Brent East (1987–2001).

## Background

Livingstone was identified on the hard-left of the Labour Party. He was a strong critic of New Labour, which sought to move the party to the centre. Livingstone is a critic of the Invasion of Iraq, is a republican, and identifies as a democratic socialist. He served as leader of the Greater London Council from 1981–1986, until the Council was abolished by the Thatcher Government. He sought nomination as Labour candidate for Mayor of London in 2000 but was not selected. He stood as a left-wing independent and was elected at the 2000 London mayoral election. He was subsequently allowed to rejoin Labour, and successfully contested the 2004 election. Livingstone was defeated in 2008 (and 2012) by the Conservative Boris Johnson.

## Reception

The memoir was praised by Seumas Milne in The Guardian. Milne wrote that Livingstone's left-wing politics had been vindicated. John Kampfner in The Observer was also positive and saw the book as being "honest, nuanced and picaresque." However, Andrew Gilligan, a long-time critic of Livingstone and an advisor to Boris Johnson, in the Daily Telegraph was strongly critical and rated the book as 1 out of 5 stars. The book was also reviewed by Sonia Purnell in The Independent and by Chris Mullin in the New Statesman.
# Liaužu Bolss

Liaužu Bolss ('Voice of the People') was a Latgalian language newspaper published from the Russian capital Petrograd 1917-1918. The first issue of the newspaper was issued on 28 April [O.S. 15 April] 1917. The newspaper was an organ of the Latgale People's Committee, later the Latgale Working People's Party. The editors and publishers of the newspaper were Ignats Asāns [ltg] and Francis Kemps [lv]. The newspaper advocated the formation of a Latgalian autonomous region, separate from the Baltics.
It was initially printed at a clandestine printing house, which also printed Jaunō Latgola ('Young Latgale') issued by the same political grouping. The newspaper was published irregularly. During 1917, sixteen issues were published. In 1918 the printing house was moved to Rēzekne, where it was confiscated. Liaužu Bolss did not appear between mid-February and mid-May 1918.
# Bickmorites

Bickmorites is an extinct nautiloid cephalopod genus known from the upper Ordovician to the middle Silurian of North America and northern Europe (Norway).
Bickmorites has a gyroconic shell, coiled such that whorls are not in contact, although close. The surface is strongly ribbed; ribs slant dorso-ventrally toward the apex. The siphuncle is narrow, located slightly ventral of the center. Septal necks are straight, making the siphuncle orthochoanitic.
Bickmorites seems to bridge the temporal gap between the Upper Ordovivian barrandeoceratid Antiplectoceras and the Middle Silurian barrandoeceratids Gasconsoceras, Laureloceras, and Savageoceras.
# Lauren Sherman

Lauren Sherman is an American fashion journalist, and writer.

## Career

She graduated from Emerson College.
Sherman was a reporter at Forbes. She launched The Fashion Beat (http://www.tfbeat.com) in November 2009. She was Editor at Large at Fashionista, and was Executive Digital Editor at Lucky Magazine. She was the New York editor of the Business of Fashion. She is a writer for Puck.
She married Daniel Frommer.

## Works

* Sherman, Lauren; Fernandez, Chantal (2024-10-08). Selling Sexy. New York: Henry Holt. ISBN 978-1-250-85096-6.
# Sanicula crassicaulis

Sanicula crassicaulis is a species of flowering plant in the family Apiaceae known by the common names Pacific black-snakeroot and Pacific sanicle.

## Description

It is a perennial herb producing a thick stem up to 1.2 meters tall from a taproot. The leaves have blades up to 13 centimeters long which are divided into a few deep lobes and edged with small teeth. The inflorescence is made up of one or more heads of bisexual and male-only flowers with tiny, curving, yellow petals (var. tripartita flowers may range from yellow, brown, or purple). Each head has approximately five leaflike, lance-shaped bracts at its base. The rounded fruits are a few millimeters long, covered in curving prickles, and borne in small clusters.

## Distribution and habitat

Sanicula crassicaulis has an amphitropical distribution and is native to the west coast of North America and southern South America.
In North America, it ranges from British Columbia to Baja California, where it can be found in many types of habitat, including mountain slopes, grassland, and woodlands. In South America, it ranges from Coquimbo Region to Los Lagos Region in Chile, and Chubut Province, Neuquén Province, and Mendoza Province in Argentina. It is also introduced to the Juan Fernández Islands, where it is invasive.

## Taxonomy

There are two varieties:
* Sanicula crassicaulis var. crassicaulis (Poepp. ex. DC.) – Pacific sanicle – British Columbia to California; west of the Cascades and east in the Columbia River Gorge in Washington.
* Sanicula crassicaulis var. tripartita (Suksdorf) H. Wolff – Three-parted Pacific sanicle – southwestern British Columbia to Klickitat County in Washington; west of the Cascades and east in the Columbia River Gorge in Washington.
# Ukrainian stickleback

The Ukrainian stickleback (Pungitius platygaster) also known as the Caspian ninespine stickleback, southern ninespine stickleback, and Aral ninespine stickleback, is a species of fish in the family Gasterosteidae. It is found in Afghanistan, Bulgaria, Iran, Kazakhstan, Moldova, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Montenegro, and Ukraine (Black Sea, Sea of Azov, Aral Sea and Caspian Sea basins).
A combination of two characters: lack of caudal peduncle keel, presence of large lateral scutes. It is similar to P. hellenicus with the following differences. Body darker than P. hellenicus (juvenile specimens from Iran show the same color as P. hellenicus). All the bones well ossified, cranial bones and pelvic bones highly sculptured. Pelvic girdle present with one spine and one small soft ray on each side. Dorsal spines 8–11, inclined alternatively to left and right. Last spine slightly longer than the others, which are relatively uniform. Dorsal soft rays 6–10; anal soft rays 6–9; gill rakers 9–11; bony scutes 29–32 with 7–12 large lateral scutes; total vertebrae 29–31; precaudal vertebrae usually 13. Caudal fin truncated.
# Nwam Jar Thaing

Nwam Jar Thaing (Burmese: နွမ်ဂျာသိုင်း; also spelled Nwan Jar Thine, born Win Myint Maung, 19 November 1952 – 27 June 2020) was a prominent Burmese writer and novelist. He is best known for numerous popular novels, including Oo-daung Yin-pyan Bon Nabay Mhar Ser Yay Loh Htar Chin De (ဒေါင်းယာဉ်ပျံဘုံနံဘေးမှာ စာရေးလို့ထားချင်တယ်), Once...At University (တစ်ခါတုန်းကတက္ကသိုလ်မှာ), University In Dream (အိပ်မက်ထဲကတက္ကသိုလ်), Hnit Nar Ket Loh Tine Pin Chin De (နှစ် နားကပ်လို့ တိုင်ပင်ချင်တယ်), Alel Ka Lu Sakar Wae Ei (အလယ်ကလူ စကားဝဲ၏) and Par Kwut Kyar Nae Lapyae Wun (ပါးကွက်ကျားနဲ့ လပြည့်ဝန်း). Nwam Jar Thaing was a member of the Central Executive Committee of the Myanmar Writers Association. He was also a member of the 2012 Myanmar Academy Awards nominees and Myanmar National Literature Awards nominees.

## Biography

Nwam Jar Thaing was born on 19 November 1952 in Thazi to parents U Mya and Ma Ma Gyi. He is the eldest child among seven siblings. He graduated high school from Basic Education High School No. 2 Insein in 1971. He studied at Rangoon Institute of Technology majoring in Electrical Power and was expelled from university in fifth year for participating in the Hmaing Yar Pyae protests. Then he joined the Rangoon Arts and Sciences University and graduated with a degree in Physics.
In 1969, he started writing the articles and short novels in local magazines A He, Thint Bawa and Tine Yin May. In 1973, he published his first novel Par Kwut Kyar Nae Lapyae Wun. He then published the novel A Chit Sone Thu Ye A Htoke Pati in 1973. He has had published over 90 novels until his death, and still republished his works. He also wrote some scripts for films. Many of his novels were converted into films during the 1990s.
Nwam Jar Thaing died from heart disease on 27 June 2020, at the age of 67, and was buried in Yayway Cemetery on 29 June 2020. He was survived by his wife and three daughters Nay Chi Win Lae Yi, an art designer, Aung Se Sar, an architect and May Myat Waso, a fashion designer.
# Harry Livingston Withers

Harry Livingston Withers (1864 – 12 December 1902), was a British educationist and professor.

## Life

Withers was born in Liverpool in 1864, the third son of Henry Hartley Withers, a bank manager and stockbroker, and his wife Jane Livingston Lowndes, daughter of Matthew Dobson Lowndes; the journalist and author Hartley Withers (1867–1950) was his younger brother.
He was educated at King's College School, London, and at Balliol College, Oxford, where he won an open classical scholarship in 1882. He obtained a first class in classical moderations, and a first class in Literae humaniores. After leaving college, he served for a time as assistant master in the Wesleyan Elementary Day School in Oxford, in order to acquire experience in the theory and practice of education, in which field he was already interested. He was successively master at the City of London School, the Manchester Grammar School, and Clifton College. From 1893 to 1899 he was principal of the Isleworth Training College, and from 1899 he held the Chair of Education as professor at Owens College Manchester. He was also the first chairman of the council for the registration of teachers when it was instituted by the Board of Education.
He died at Manchester on 12 December 1902.
# Narendra Singh Khalsa

Narendra Singh Khalsa is a Sikh Afghan politician. In January 2019, he secured a seat in the Lower House of the Parliament (Wolesi Jirga) in the 2018 Afghan parliamentary election, on behalf of the Sikh and Hindu communities.
He is the son of Awtar Singh Khalsa, a Sikh representative to the Loya Jirga from Paktia province of Afghanistan. His father Awtar Singh died in the September 2018 Jalalabad suicide bombing.
On 22 August 2021, Khalsa came to India along with other Indians who were rescued by Indian forces from Afghanistan due to Taliban Siege of Afghanistan 2021. In April 2024, Khalsa returned to Afghanistan after being assured of his safety and property under the Taliban government.
# Ya Wai Aung

Ya Wai Aung (Burmese: ရဝေအောင်; also spelled Yawai Aung, born 22 September 1976) is a Burmese actor and model who was popular in the 1990s. Once he was one of the most successful actors in Myanmar.

## Early life and education

Ya Wai Aung was born on 22 September 1976 in Myitkyina, Kachin State. He is the grandnephew of a former Prime Minister of Burma Thura Tun Tin. He graduated from University of Distance Education, Yangon with a degree in Physics.

## Career

In 1994, he began his career as a photo model and appeared on local magazine cover photos. Then, he joined Tin Moe Lwin's model training agency Talent & Models in 1997. Since then, he took professional training in modelling and catwalk. He appeared as a runway model as part of the Talent & Models International with countless commercial shows and runways that had been walked on. In 1998, he appeared on many calendars and his photos took place on the calendars of every house. Then came the offers for TV commercial advertisements and music videos. His hard work as a model, and acting in music videos and TV commercials was noticed by the film industry and soon, film casting offers came rolling in.
He made his debut with the film Takhar Ka Ayeyarwaddy Nya Myar alongside Lwin Moe, Htun Eaindra Bo and May Than Nu. He then starred in his second film Thamee Mike alongside Lwin Moe and Htet Htet Moe Oo, screened in Myanmar cinemas on 22 December 2000 which led to increased recognition for him. He is noted for his leading roles in several Burmese films such as Ei Mhan Thaw Thitsar Sakarr Kyaung, Myit Hna Sin Ye Pinle, Myat Yay Ta Khar, Ma Ma Maung Maung Moht Moht, Fisher Village Story, Ngwe Pyaing Phyu, Shwe Ou, Thain Mwe and many others.

## Selected filmography
### Film

* Takhar Ka Ayeyarwaddy Nya Myar (တစ်ခါကဧရာဝတီညများ)
* Thamee Mite (သမီးမိုက်) (2000)
* Ei Mhan Thaw Thitsar Sakarr Kyaung
* Myit Hna Sin Ye Pinle (မြစ်နှစ်စင်းရဲ့ပင်လယ်)
* Myat Yay Ta Khar (မျက်ရည်တံခါး)
* Ma Ma Maung Maung Moht Moht (မမ မောင်မောင် မို့မို့)
* Fisher Village Story (တံငါရွာပုံပြင်)
* Ngwe Pyaing Phyu (ငွေဗျိုင်းဖြူ)
* Shwe Ou (ရွှေအိုး)
* Thain Mwe (သိမ်မွေ့)
* Mway Shin (မွေးရှင်)
* Shwe Pyithu (ရွှေပြည်သူ)
* Mi Khin (မိခင်)
* Bhone Paw La Aw (ဗုံးပေါလအော)
# Mg Mg Aye

Mg Mg Aye (Burmese: မောင်မောင်အေး; also spelt Maung Maung Aye; born 29 June 1978) is a Burmese television host and MC. He has been the host for several Burmese TV programs and received acceptance of audience for the reality game show Puzzle Palace. Mg Mg Aye was a judge on Myanmar's Got Talent. He is the founder of Myanmar's first entertainment and game company, Dream Boat Entertainment. Mg Mg Aye is also active as a philanthropist with the notable charitable organization We Love Yangon.
A core supporter of the National League for Democracy, he actively participated in the election campaign in November, 2015.
On 1 February 2021, the military attempted to arrest Mg Mg Aye during the coup, but have been unsuccessful.
On 13 February 2021, in the aftermath of the 2021 Myanmar coup d'état, Mg Mg Aye and six other high profile individuals, namely Min Ko Naing, Kyaw Min Yu, Myo Yan Naung Thein, Insein Aung Soe, Pencilo, and Lynn Lynn were charged and issued arrest warrants under section 505 (b) of the Myanmar Penal Code by the State Administration Council for inciting unrest against the state and threatening "public tranquility" through their social media posts.
He eventually fled to the United States as a political refugee. On 17 February 2022, his homes and business property were confiscated by the military council.

## Television show

* Puzzle Palace
* Myanmar's Got Talent
# Nebojša Bogavac

Nebojša Bogavac (Montenegrin Cyrillic: Небојша Богавац; born December 14, 1973) is a Montenegrin professional basketball coach and former player who is the current assistant coach for Metropolitans 92 of the LNB Pro A.

## Professional career

Bogavac played four seasons for KK Lovćen in the Yugoslav Basketball League from 1997 to 2001. He then spent next four years with KK Hemofarm between 2001 and 2005. He helped the team to win the Adriatic League title in 2005. Bogavac signed with CB Breogán in Spain for the 2005–05 season. After that, he played two years with Le Mans Sarthe Basket in France. He started the 2008–09 season with KK Lovćen, but left in December for Mahram Tehran BC, for which he played only at the tournament in Dubai later that month. In February 2009, he signed with ASVEL Basket for the rest of the season. In the 2009–10 season, Bogavac represented KK Gorštak and JDA Dijon Basket. In October 2010, he returned to ASVEL, and played there until December.

## National team career

Bogavac was a member of the Serbia and Montenegro national team at the EuroBasket 2003 in Sweden. Over four tournament games, he averaged 1.8 points, one rebound, and 0.5 assists per game.
Bogavac was a member of the Montenegro national team at the FIBA EuroBasket 2009 Division B.

## Coaching career

On 18 June 2021, Podgorica hired Bogavac as their new head coach.
On July 21, 2023, he signed with Metropolitans 92 of the LNB Pro A.

## Personal life

His son, Luka (born 2003), is a professional basketball player, playing for Mega Basket.
# Aw Pi Kyeh

Aw Pi Kyeh also A Pi Kyè (အော်ပီကျယ်; born 24 July 1959) is a famous cartoonist in Myanmar.

## Early life and education

He was born in 1959 July 24 in the Yenanchaung village, Pakokku District and given the birth name Win Naing. His father is Thaung Sein and his mother is Khin Aye.
In 1982, he graduated with a BE (Mech) from Yangon Technological University and a MPA (Master of Public Administration) from Harvard University in 2001.

## Career

In 1981, he started drawing cartoons in magazines. From 1982 to 1988, he worked as a car engineer and rice mill engineer. He has worked as a full-time cartoonist since 4 April 1989. He also occasionally created advertising designs and CDs.

## Publications

* Aw Pi Kye Cartoons - First Volume (အော်ပီကျယ်ကာတွန်းများ ၁) -1990
* Aw Pi Kye Cartoons - Second Volume (အော်ပီကျယ်ကာတွန်းများ ၂) - 1994
* Two Sheep (သိုးနှစ်ကောင်) - 1997
* Domestic Comics (ပြည်တွင်းဖြစ်ကာတွန်းများ) - 1998
* Rates (ဈေးနှုန်းများ) - 1999