OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Elmer H. Wavering

Elmer H. Wavering (April 22, 1907 – November 20, 1998) was an American automotive engineer and president of Motorola. He is known as the father of modern automotive electronics.

## Early life

Elmer H. Wavering was born in Quincy, Illinois, on April 22, 1907. At the age of 14, he had already created his first radio. In high school, he worked at Quincy Radio Laboratory, a radio parts store, run by Bill Lear.
He attended George Washington University, but did not graduate. In 1928, he returned to Quincy to open Waverite Radio Shop.

## Career
### Motorola

Inspired by a conversation with their girlfriends on an evening drive, Wavering and Lear worked on a car radio prototype. They met Paul Galvin at a radio convention in Chicago and in 1930, Wavering and Lear joined Galvin at Galvin Manufacturing (later Motorola). There, Wavering and Lear together developed the first commercially successful car radio calling it the Motorola. Wavering and Galvin traveled around the country selling radios and teaching new dealers how to install them. In 1932, Paul Galvin selected Wavering to lead Motorola's car radio and police two-way communications businesses. He was later promoted to vice president of the automotive products division. In the 1940s, he also worked on developing the intermittent windshield wiper. In 1944, he became the vice president of auto products.
He invented the first automotive alternator and mass-produced it at Motorola. In the 1950s, Wavering presented a concept car that included an alternator, a 12-volt battery, electronic ignition, and computerized control. In 1964, he was elected president and chief operating officer of Motorola. He later became vice chairman. He remained at Motorola until he retired in 1972.

### World War II

During World War II, Wavering led a national effort to produce artificial quartz out of silica sand for use in radio and radar. He also co-invented the Handie Talkie (later the Walkie-Talkie), a mobile two-way radio communication device.

### Later career

Wavering worked with Lear in the development of the 8-track tape cartridge player. He worked to help the first industry standards for videocassettes and discs.
Wavering led the effort to produce radios for NASA's Lunar rover in the Apollo missions.

## Personal life

Wavering met Vera Deremiah, a teacher from St. Louis, Missouri, on a sales trip and they married on June 25, 1935. His wife died in 1988. Together, they had one daughter, Lynne, in 1942.

## Death

Wavering died on November 20, 1998, in Naples, Florida, at the age of 91.

## Awards and legacy

* War Production "E" Award, for his role in leading efforts to produce artificial quartz during World War II.
* 1970 – a park in Quincy, Illinois was dedicated in his honor.
* 1977 - received honorary degree in technology and communications from the Quincy University
* 1984 - received honorary degree from the Wartburg College in Waverly, Iowa
* 1989 – inducted into the Automotive Hall of Fame
* 1991 - received the State of Illinois's Order of Lincoln from The Lincoln Academy of Illinois by Governor Jim Edgar
# John III of Soltaniyeh

John III of Soltaniyeh (Latin: Iohannes Sultaniensis archiepiscopus) was a Dominican friar, diplomat and archbishop of Soltaniyeh, often mistaken for his namesake, Johannes de Galonifontibus, with whom he shared a post - Bishopric of Nakhchivan.

## Early life

He was probably born to Paduan Italian merchant family in Kastamone, then ruled by Candar dynasty.

## Career

He succeeded Johannes de Galonifontibus as bishop of Nakhchivan in late 14th century, then appointed as Archbishop of Soltaniyeh by Pope Boniface IX on 9 May 1398. He was granted papal bull by Boniface on 19 August 1398 during his visit to Rome on granting indulgences to all Christians who contributed to the restoration of churches destroyed by Timur in Georgia and Armenia and to the ransom of Christians captured and enslaved.
In 1402, after his victory over the Ottoman Turks at the Battle of Ankara, Timur sent Johannes on an embassy to European courts to announce his victory. Timur proposed treaties to facilitate commercial exchanges between European powers and his realm. He also carried a portrait of Timur and a letter from his son Miran Shah. Henry IV of England and Charles VI of France replied by congratulating Timur. During his travels, he visited Martin of Aragon, Robert of the Palatinate, as well as Konrad von Jungingen. Despite Timur's death in 1405, John never returned to his post. In June 1407, John was in Venice, in September 1408 in Pisa, then with a delegation of participants in the Council of Pisa he visited Hungary, where negotiations were held with Sigismund regarding the Papal schism. He was tasked with sending invitations to Manuel II, Prince Mircea the Elder and Alexander the Good. He granted undulgencies in Church of St. Mary, in Kronstadt (now Brașov, Romania). He remained in Pisa after 2 April 1409.
On December 1410, Antipope John XXIII named him as administrator of Archdiocese of Khanbaliq. Latest document by him was dated to 12 February 1412, where granted the indulgencies to visitors of Dominican Church in Lviv.

## Legacy

He wrote Timur's biography, as well as Libellus de notitia orbis (Book of the Knowledge of the World), where he described his own travel impressions and information received from other travelers, mainly merchants about Caucasus, Asia Minor, Iran and other regions. A part of his book was published by Anton Kern, the librarian of Graz University. According to Raymond-Joseph Loenertz he spent his last years in Crimea.
# Manjhi – The Mountain Man

Manjhi – The Mountain Man is a 2015 Indian Hindi-language biographical film based on the life of Dashrath Manjhi. Manjhi, widely known as the "Mountain Man", was a poor labourer in Gehlaur village, near Gaya in Bihar, India, who carved a path 9.1 metres (30 ft) wide and 110 metres (360 ft) long through a hill 7.6 metres (25 ft) high, using only a hammer and chisel. The film is directed by Ketan Mehta, jointly produced by Viacom 18 Motion Pictures and NFDC India. Upon release the film received positive critical acclaim.
Nawazuddin Siddiqui enacted the role of Dashrath Manjhi, while Radhika Apte played Manjhi's wife. The film was released worldwide on 21 August 2015. Prior to its release preview copy of movie leaked on the web on 10 August 2015. The Bandra-Kurla Complex (BKC) cyber police station had registered a case against few accused of leaking the movie. The Bihar State Government declared the film tax-free on 30 July 2015.

## Plot

In the 1960s Dashrath Manjhi (Nawazuddin Siddiqui) lived in a small village Gehlaur near Gaya, Bihar, India with his family including his wife Phaguniya Devi (Radhika Apte) and his son. There was a rocky mountain near his village that people either had to climb across or travel round to gain access to medical care at the nearest town Wazirganj. One day Manjhi's wife (when pregnant) fell while trying to cross the mountain and eventually died giving birth to a girl, after which Manjhi decided to carve a road through it. When he started hammering the hill people called him a lunatic but that only steeled his resolve further. After 22 years of back-breaking labour, Manjhi carved a path 360 feet long, 25 feet deep in places and 30 feet wide.
Manjhi died in 2007. The film's postscript states that 52 years after he started breaking the mountain, 30 years after he finished and 4 years after his death the government finally made a metalled road to Gehlaur in 2011. He fought with the Indian government for the development of their village and for the availability of hospitals and road.

## Cast

* Nawazuddin Siddiqui as Dashrath Manjhi
* Radhika Apte as Phaguniya-Dashrath's wife
* Sneha Pallavi as Phaguniya's Mother
* Tigmanshu Dhulia as Mukhiya (landlord)
* Pankaj Tripathi as Ruab (the landlord's son)
* Gaurav Dwivedi as Alok Jha (a journalist)
* Urmila Mahanta as Lauki
* Ashraful Haque as Magru-Dashrath's father
* Jagat Rawat as Shuklaji
* Varadraj Swami as Gopal's Father
* Deepa Sahi as Prime Minister Indira Gandhi
* Prashant Narayanan as Jhumru
* Rashaana Shah as Bhanwari

## Critical reception

Sweta Kaushal of Hindustan Times termed the film an inspiring, touching tale of a common man and gave the film 4.5 stars out of 5. Saibal Chatterjee of NDTV gave the film 3 stars. Meena Iyer of Times of India gave it 3 stars. Bollywood Hungama gave it 2.5 stars. Shubhra Gupta of Indian Express gave it two stars.
# Black Fire (album)

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
| The Penguin Guide to Jazz Recordings | |
Black Fire is a studio album by American jazz pianist and composer Andrew Hill, released on Blue Note Records in 1964. It was Hill's debut for the label. Initially, drummer Philly Joe Jones was scheduled to play on the album, but was replaced by Roy Haynes after scheduling issues. The rest of the band consists of tenor saxophonist Joe Henderson and bassist Richard Davis. The Allmusic review by Stephen Thomas Erlewine calls the album "an impressive statement of purpose that retains much of its power decades after its initial release... a modern jazz classic."

## Track listing

All compositions by Andrew Hill.
* "Pumpkin" – 5:24
* "Subterfuge" – 8:04
* "Black Fire" – 6:56
* "Cantarnos" – 5:42
* "Tired Trade" – 5:51
* "McNeil Island" – 2:58
* "Land of Nod" – 5:48
Bonus tracks on CD reissue
* "Pumpkin'" [Alternate Take] – 5:16
* "Black Fire" [Alternate Take] – 5:48

## Personnel

* Andrew Hill – piano
* Joe Henderson – tenor saxophone
* Richard Davis – bass
* Roy Haynes – drums
# The Copyright Association

The Copyright Association was an English organisation founded in 1872 for "authors, publishers and other persons interested in copyright property", which together with the Society of Authors lobbied Parliament on copyright issues in the decades before the 1911 Copyright Act.
In the early 1870s, English publishers were especially concerned to protect the rights of their authors in Canada, since the Canadian Government was pressing for the right to reprint British works in Canada subject to an excise duty. The Association's Honorary Secretary Frederick Daldy lobbied in Canada on behalf of British publishers and authors and was very influential in thwarting Canadian printers' efforts to establish freedom from Imperial copyright control and compulsory licensing. Such licensing would have allowed Canadian printers to compete on a more even footing with American printers and might have helped to establish a stronger publishing industry in Canada.
The association's initial committee included both authors (including Robert Browning, Arthur Helps, William Smith, Charles Reade and Charles Edward Trevelyan) and publishers (including John Murray (1808-1892), Thomas Longman (1804-1879), Alexander Macmillan, George Bentley (1818-1895) and George Routledge).
# The First Days of Spring

The First Days of Spring is an oil and collage on panel painting by the Spanish surrealist Salvador Dalí, created in 1929.

## Description

The setting for this image is an expansive, smooth gray plane. It is elevated on the right and steps down to a lower level at the left. Clustered in the middle of this space is a variety of strange and colorful surrealist images. In the distance is the small shadowy figures of a man holding the hand of a small boy. Toward the left is a figure seated in a stool with his back turned to the entire scene.
This work was created during a time of extreme personal stress for Dalí. His father was becoming increasingly disappointed with his son's choice of profession and unorthodox behavior. The figures of the man and boy appear several times in Dalí's future works. They represent Dalí's wish to heal his relationship with his father. The seated figure on the left has also been speculated to represent the artist's father.
# Henry Greville, 3rd Earl of Warwick

Henry Richard Greville, 3rd Earl of Warwick, 3rd Earl Brooke, KT (29 March 1779 – 10 August 1853), styled Lord Brooke from 1786 to 1816, was a British Tory politician.

## Life

Warwick was the son of George Greville, 2nd Earl of Warwick, by his second wife Henrietta (née Vernon), and was educated at Winchester. Henry undertook an extensive Grand Tour between June 1801 and August 1803, his travels taking him to Copenhagen, Saint Petersburg, Moscow, Berlin, Prague, Vienna, Switzerland and throughout Italy. In March 1803 he joined Sir William Drummond and George Hamilton-Gordon, 4th Earl of Aberdeen, on Captain Sir John Gore's ship HMS Medusa to bring Drummond to Constantinople. Henry undertook another tour to Italy during the late 1820s, where he purchased a set of Pietra Dure tables from the Grimanni Palace in Venice, a set which were sold by Merlin Entertainments at Sotheby's in 2015.
He entered Parliament as one of two representatives for Warwick in 1802, a seat he held until he succeeded his father in the earldom in 1816. He served as a Lord-in-waiting (government whip in the House of Lords) from 1841 to 1846 in the second Tory administration of Sir Robert Peel. Warwick was also a Recorder of Warwick between 1816 and 1813, Lord-Lieutenant of Warwickshire between 1822 and 1853 and a Lord of the Bedchamber between 1828 and 1830. In 1827 he was made a Knight of the Thistle.
He was also an amateur artist. His print Landscape with Old Trees by Water—one of the first lithographs made in Britain—was published in the portfolio Specimens of Polyautography in 1803.
Lord Warwick married Lady Sarah Elizabeth, daughter of John Savile, 2nd Earl of Mexborough, and widow of John Monson, 3rd Baron Monson, in 1816. She died in January 1851, aged 64. Warwick survived her by two years and died in August 1853, aged 74. He was succeeded in the earldom by his son George.
# Sergei Viktorovich Bochkarev

Sergei (or Sergey) Viktorovich Bochkarev (or Bočkarev) (Сергей Викторович Бочкарёв, born July 24, 1941, in Kuybyshev now renamed Samara) is a Soviet and Russian mathematician.

## Education and career

He received in 1964 his undergraduate degree from Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology and in 1969 his Russian Candidate of Sciences degree (PhD) from Moscow State University. His dissertation о рядах Фурье по системе Хаара (On Fourier series in the Haar system) was supervised by Pyotr Lavrentyevich Ulyanov. From Moscow State University, Bochkarev received in 1974 his Russian Doctor of Science degree (habilitation). Since 1971 he has worked at the Steklov Institute of Mathematics, where he holds the title of leading scientific researcher in the Department of Function Theory.
His research deals with harmonic analysis, BMO spaces, Hardy spaces, functional analysis, construction of orthogonal bases in various function spaces, and exponential sums.
In 1977 he was awarded the Salem Prize. In 1978 he was an Invited Speaker with talk Метод усреднения в теории ортогональных рядов (The averaging method in the theory of orthogonal bases) at the International Congress of Mathematicians in Helsinki.

## Selected publications

* On a problem of Zygmund, Mathematics of the USSR-Izvestia, vol. 7, no. 3, 1973, p. 629
* Existence of a basis in the space of functions analytic in the disk, and some properties of Franklin's system, Math. USSR Sbornik, vol. 24, 1974, pp. 1–16
* The method of averaging in the theory of orthogonal series and some questions in the theory of bases, Tr. MIAN SSSR, vol. 146, 1978, pp. 3–87
* The method of averaging in the theory of orthogonal series and some questions in the theory of bases, Proc. Steklov Inst. Math., vol. 146, 1980, pp. 1–92
* Everywhere divergent Fourier series with respect to the Walsh system and with respect to multiplicative systems, Russian Math. Surveys, vol. 59, 2004, pp. 103–124
* Multiplicative Inequalities for the L$_1$ Norm: Applications in Analysis and Number Theory, Proc. Steklov Inst. Math., vol. 255, 2006, pp. 49–64
* A Generalization of Kolmogorov's Theorem to Biorthogonal Systems, Proc. Steklov Inst. Math., vol. 260, 2008, pp. 37–49
# Department of Criminal Intelligence

The Department of Criminal Intelligence (DCI), originally called Central Criminal Intelligence Department (CCID), was the central foreign and domestic intelligence agency of the Government of India during the British Raj. It was established by Lord Curzon, the then Viceroy of India, based on the Indian Police Commission report submitted on 30 May 1903 under the chairmanship of Andrew Henderson Leith Fraser, which examined and recommended reforms in Indian police system. Sir Harold Stuart was appointed as the first director of DIC. Curzon also established Criminal Investigation Departments (CID) in all provinces of British India.
DCI later became the Intelligence Bureau.
# Japanese Garden, Wrocław

Wrocław's Japanese Garden was founded in the years 1909–1913 as an exotic garden for the Centennial Exhibition. It is located in the Śródmieście district of Wrocław, in the boundaries of Szczytnicki Park, near the Centennial Hall. It is home to almost 270 taxa of woody plants, as well as 78 species of Asian plants, of which 38 are endemic to Japan, such as Styrax japonicus. It is an important landmark of Wrocław.

## History

The garden has existed since 1913. It was the project of orientalist Baron Fritz von Hochberg, who had an interest in Japanese culture, though the design can be accredited to Japanese gardener Arai Mankichi. In 1995 a major renovation project was undertaken under the direction of professor Ikuya Nishikawa from Tokyo. Next, in 1996–1997, with help from the Japanese Embassy and gardeners from Wrocław and Nagoya, work was undertaken to renew the Japanese character of the garden. The work was directed by Yoshiki Takamura. Two months after the grand opening, the garden was ravaged by the 1997 Central European flood. Another renovation was deemed necessary and the next opening was in 1999.

## Sources

* ↑ "Ogród Japoński | go.wroclaw.pl". www.wroclaw.pl/go/ (in Polish). Retrieved 2021-04-22.
* ↑ "Japanese Garden". Hala Stulecia. Retrieved 2021-04-22.
* ↑ "Ogród Japoński we Wrocławiu". PIK - Punkt Informacji Kulturalnej - Wrocław (in Polish). Retrieved 2021-04-22.
51°07′N 17°05′E﻿ / ﻿51.11°N 17.08°E﻿ / 51.11; 17.08
# Papuengraulis

Papuengraulis is a monospecific genus of ray-finned fish belonging to the family Engraulidae, the anchovies. The only species in the genus is Papuengraulis micropinna, the littlefin anchovy, bareback anchovy or little anchovy. This species is fround from the Gulf of Papua in Papua New Guinea and in Northern Territory, Australia from the Keep River estuary to the East Alligator River.
# Henry Pyne (MP for Liskeard)

Henry Pyne (1504/5 – 1556 or later), of Ham in Morwenstow, Cornwall, was an English politician.
He was a Member (MP) of the Parliament of England for Liskeard in 1529.
# Jorge Griego

Jorge Griego (English: "George the Greek") (Greece, c. 1504 - after 1545), was a Greek conquistador who participated in the conquest of Peru. Jorge was born in 1504 in as a Greek (it is not clear what political unit he was born in) and followed his Greek friend Pedro De Candia to Panama and Peru. He was also appointed as an encomendero in Jauja, an authority which was granted mostly to Conquistadors.

## Life

Jorge Griego was born in Greece in about 1504, he later moved into Spain and from there he went to Panama in 1527 by following his friend Pedro De Candia who was a famous Greek Conquistador and commander of the artillery in Peru. Under the services of Francisco Pizarro in 1532 he took part in the battle of Cajamarca as a footman, against the forces of the Inca emperor Atahualpa. For his services in the battle of Cajamarca he received a share of the treasures of Cuzco which was the capital of the Inca empire. There were many Greeks amongst the Spaniards who served as soldiers and especially as artillery men, in the conquest of the New world. Jorge later became a resident in the city of Jauja in Peru and was appointed there as an encomendero, he later moved to Lima. In 1545 when the forces of Viceroy Blasco Nunez Vela pushed far to the north, outside the limits of Peru and had no one to manufacture gunpowder, Jorge Griego took over the task, though it was not his profession and went on a few years later to make large quantities of gunpowder during the Gasca campaign.
Finally Jorge Griego left from Peru and returned to Spain and settled in Seville's maritime district of Triana.
# Bangin' on Wax 2... The Saga Continues

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
Bangin' on Wax 2... The Saga Continues is the second and last album by the Bloods & Crips. Music videos were made for G's & Locs and Wish You Were Here.

## Track listing

| # | Title | Time |
| 1 | "Brothers to Brothers" | 8:14 |
| 2 | "G's & Loc's" | 3:50 |
| 3 | "Gangsta Shit" | 4:54 |
| 4 | "Send That Crab Off to Die" | 5:41 |
| 5 | "Mafia Lane" | 4:12 |
| 6 | "Fuck Crab" (Skit) | 0:35 |
| 7 | "Can't Stop, Won't Stop" | 4:27 |
| 8 | "Time Is Gone Nigga" | 4:38 |
| 9 | "Set Trippin'" | 5:34 |
| 10 | "East Side Rip Rider" | 4:49 |
| 11 | "187" (Skit) | 0:45 |
| 12 | "Slob 187" | 5:10 |
| 13 | "Slobs Keep on Slippin'" | 4:51 |
| 14 | "Every Dog Has His Day" | 5:23 |
| 15 | "Crip 4 Life" | 6:15 |
| 16 | "Wish You Were Here" | 5:18 |

## Samples

* "G's and Locs"
** "I Wanna Do Something Freaky to You" by Leon Haywood
* "Mafia Lane"
** "Mary Jane" by Rick James
* "Time Is Gone Nigga"
** "Do Your Thing" by Isaac Hayes
* "Every Dog Has His Day"
** "Got To Be Real" by Cheryl Lynn

## Charts

| Chart | Peak position |
| US Billboard 200 | 139 |
| US Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums (Billboard) | 20 |

## Trivia

* "G's and Locs" has the same beat - albeit slightly modified - as the track "Shuda Beena B-Dog" from the previous album Bangin' on Wax.