OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Harkless Formation

The Harkless Formation is a geologic formation in Nevada and California. It preserves fossils dating back to the Cambrian period.
It is named from exposures on a divide south of Harkless Flat in the southern half of the Waucoba Mountain 15-min quadrangle in the Inyo Mountains of central eastern California.
# Harrison Beds

The Harrison Beds is a geologic formation in Nebraska. It preserves fossils.
# Log-space transducer

In computational complexity theory, a log space transducer (LST) is a type of Turing machine used for log-space reductions.
A log space transducer, $M$, has three tapes:
* A read-only input tape.
* A read/write work tape (bounded to at most $O(\log n)$ symbols).
* A write-only, write-once output tape.
$M$ will be designed to compute a log-space computable function $f\colon \Sigma ^{\ast }\rightarrow \Sigma ^{\ast }$ (where $\Sigma$ is the alphabet of both the input and output tapes). If $M$ is executed with $w$ on its input tape, when the machine halts, it will have $f(w)$ remaining on its output tape.
A language $A\subseteq \Sigma ^{\ast }$ is said to be log-space reducible to a language $B\subseteq \Sigma ^{\ast }$ if there exists a log-space computable function $f$ that will convert an input from problem $A$ into an input to problem $B$ in such a way that $w\in A\iff f(w)\in B$.
This seems like a rather convoluted idea, but it has two useful properties that are desirable for a reduction:
* The property of transitivity holds. (A reduces to B and B reduces to C implies A reduces to C).
* If A reduces to B, and B is in L, then we know A is in L.
Transitivity holds because it is possible to feed the output tape of one reducer (A→B) to another (B→C). At first glance, this seems incorrect because the A→C reducer needs to store the output tape from the A→B reducer onto the work tape in order to feed it into the B→C reducer, but this is not true. Each time the B→C reducer needs to access its input tape, the A→C reducer can re-run the A→B reducer, and so the output of the A→B reducer never needs to be stored entirely at once.
# Hauptrogenstein Formation

The Hauptrogenstein Formation is a geologic formation in Germany and Switzerland. It preserves fossils that date back to the Middle Jurassic period (Bajocian-Bathonian).

## Paleofauna

List as per Miedema et al. (2024):
* Argovisaurus martafernandezi
* Bakevelliidae indet.
* Bivalvia indet.
* Ectocochleate cephalopods
* Gervillella
* Goniomya literata
* Homomya
* Lockeia?
* Lytoceras cf. eudesianum
* Machimosaurini indet.
* Megateuthis suevica
* Nautilida indet.
* Parkinsonia (Oraniceras) fretensis
* Pleuromya
* Praeexogyra acuminata
* Procerites sp.
* Teichichnus?
* Terebratula furcilensis
* Terebratula movelierensis
* Thalassinoides
* Trigoniidae indet.
# Hazelton Group

The Hazelton Group is a geologic group in British Columbia. It preserves fossils dating back to the Jurassic period.
# Hector Formation

The Hector Formation is a geologic formation in California. It preserves fossils dating back to the Neogene period.
# Te Urewera National Park

Te Urewera National Park was a national park near the east coast of New Zealand's North Island, established as such in 1954 and disestablished in 2014, when it was replaced by a new legal entity and protected area named Te Urewera. The park covered an area of approximately 2,127 km$^2$ and was located in the north of the Hawke's Bay region of the North Island. It was the largest of four national parks in the North Island and the most isolated rainforest in the region.

## History

Owing to its geographical isolation, the region was one of the last to be claimed by the British during colonisation in the 19th century.
On 28 July 1954, the catchment areas of Lake Waikaremoana and Lake Waikareiti and other Crown reserves were gazetted as a national park, and by 1957 proposals were well under way to add the rest of the Crown land in Te Urewera north of Ruatāhuna. This proposal was formalised in November 1957, when an additional 1,350 km$^2$ were added. Further additions were made in 1962, 1975, and 1979, with smaller acquisitions of land and boundary alterations in the intervening period. The lake bed and Māori enclaves were not included in the gazetting of the park. The Crown had leased the lake bed, which was managed by the Department of Conservation.
In March 2013, the Tūhoe people signed a deed of settlement, settling the tribe's claims under the Waitangi Tribunal. Under the deal, the Tūhoe were to receive NZ$170 million and also be given more control over Te Urewera. It ceased to be a national park under the Te Urewera Act 2014, becoming Te Urewera, the first natural resource in the world to be awarded the same legal rights as a person.

## Name

Te Urewera is the traditional home of the Tūhoe people. The name means "burnt penis" in the Māori language and reflects a local legend.
# Petaluma Formation

The Petaluma Formation is a geologic formation in California. It preserves fossils dating back to the Neogene period.
# Fintan Mundwiler

Fintan Mundwiler (12 July 1835 at Dietikon in Switzerland – 14 February 1898 at St. Meinrad's Abbey) was a Swiss Benedictine, who became Abbot of St. Meinrad Abbey, Indiana.

## Life

Andreas Mundwiler was born 12 July 1835 at Dietikon, Switzerland, the son of Jakob and Anna Maria Seiler Mundwiler. He studied at the monastic school of Einsiedeln in Switzerland, where he took the Benedictine habit in 1854, made profession on 14 October 1855, and was raised to the priesthood on 11 September 1859.
In 1852, Joseph Kundek, vicar-general for Bishop Jacques-Maurice De Saint Palais of the Diocese of Vincennes approached the abbot of Einsiedeln Abbey for assistance in addressing the pastoral needs of the growing German-speaking Catholic population and to prepare local men for the priesthood. The first monks set out in late 1852 for Vincennes, and established a priory and school at Harrison Township, in Spencer County, Indiana.
In 1860 Mundwiler accompanied his confrère, Martin Marty, afterwards Bishop of St. Cloud, to the newly founded monastery of St. Meinrad in Indiana. Marty took charge of the philosophical and theological departments at the college, while Mundwiler handled the classical department.
Mundwiler also attended a few neighbouring missions. While stationed at Terre Haute, Indiana (1864), he organized the German Catholic Congregation of St. Benedict, for which he built a church in 1865. In 1866 he was back at St. Meinrad as prefect of the college. In 1869, when St. Meinrad was raised to an abbey and Marty became its first abbot, Mundwiler was appointed prior and master of novices, and the following year commissioned to raise funds for the construction of a new monastery to replace the original log house.
While Marty worked among the Native Americans in Dakota (1876–80), Mundwiler was administrator of the abbey, and, upon the resignation of the former, who had meanwhile been appointed Vicar Apostolic of Dakota, Mundwiler was elected Abbot of St. Meinrad on 3 February 1880, and received abbatial benediction from Silas Chatard, Bishop of Vincennes, Indiana on 16 May 1880.
He enlarged the college, founded the Priory of Subiaco in Arkansas and the Priory of St. Joseph in Louisiana, and obtained from Rome the permission to erect the Helvetico-American Congregation of Benedictines, of which he became the first president. When St. Meinrad's Abbey was destroyed by fire on 2 September 1887, he rebuilt the monastery on an even greater scale, founded a commercial college at Jasper, Indiana, and assisted in the foundation of the Priory of St. Gall in North Dakota. As abbot, Mundwiler sought to balance the need to maintain monastic spirit and discipline with the obligations of missionary commitments.
He was a fervent promoter of the Priests' Eucharistic League. In October 1885 he returned to Europe, where he stayed until 1886. In 1893 he took part in the Eucharistic Congress held at Jerusalem.
Mundwiler was known for his learning and piety, and for his calm disposition. He died at the abbey on 14 February 1898.
# Black Friday (Tom Odell album)

Black Friday is the sixth studio album by British singer-songwriter Tom Odell. It was released on 26 January 2024 through UROK Management. The title track "Black Friday" was nominated for the Ivor Novello Award for Best Song Musically and Lyrically on Thursday 23 May 2024.

## Background

Recording took place at Odell's studio in London, mainly consisting of him "just sitting on the sofa" with his guitar and recording vocals in order to "capture" what they were trying to capture since other methods did not work. According to Odell, this procedure was directly inspired by the way Kurt Cobain would record music. The eponymous track, released as the lead single on 22 September 2023, was written on his 32nd birthday in 2022 and deals with "admiration and love for the people" in his life as well as the "proclivity to be unkind" to himself. "Black Friday" was followed-up by the singles "Somebody Else", "Answer Phone" and "The End".

## Critical reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Clash | 7/10 |
| Laut.de | |
| The Times | |
Writing for Laut.de, Josephine Maria Bayer thought Black Friday was neither "monotonous" nor "predictable" with Odell surpassing himself as a songwriter and arranger. Emma Harrison at Clash noted that Odell takes him and the listener "on an emotional and intimate journey" with moments that are "enthralling" and some that are "a bit too melancholy and a smidge lacklustre". Being more critical of the record, Will Hodgkinson of The Times admitted that, despite "structure" and "interludes of orchestras tuning up", the album did not move them, calling it "all so humourless".

## Charts

Chart performance for Black Friday :
| Chart (2024) | Peak position |
| Austrian Albums (Ö3 Austria) | 43 |
| Belgian Albums (Ultratop Flanders) | 8 |
| Belgian Albums (Ultratop Wallonia) | 46 |
| Dutch Albums (Album Top 100) | 9 |
| French Physical Albums (SNEP) | 110 |
| German Albums (Offizielle Top 100) | 32 |
| Irish Albums (IRMA) | 64 |
| Polish Albums (ZPAV) | 62 |
| Scottish Albums (OCC) | 4 |
| Swiss Albums (Schweizer Hitparade) | 20 |
| UK Albums (OCC) | 5 |
# Combe railway station

Combe railway station serves the village of Combe in Oxfordshire, England. It is on the Cotswold Line. This station and all trains serving it are run by Great Western Railway.
It was opened as Combe Halt by the Great Western Railway in 1935, originally having two platforms. In 2012, it was equipped with the modern Customer Information display screen now found on most First Great Western stations, plus an automatic train announcement system.
The station is about half a mile from the village of Combe (to the NW) and the hamlet of Combe East End (to the NE).

## Services

Since at least February 1999 the station has been served by a minimal service of two trains per day, one in each direction.
This service is currently formed of the 08:13 train to Didcot Parkway and the 17:36 train to Moreton-in-Marsh which operate Monday-Friday only. There are currently no weekend services at the station with a normal service running on most Bank Holidays.
| Preceding station | National Rail | National Rail | National Rail | Following station |
| Finstock | | Great Western RailwayCotswold Line Monday-Friday Only | | Hanborough |
# Nancy Beaton

Nancy Elizabeth Louise Hardy, Lady Smiley (née Beaton; 30 September 1909 – 6 June 1999) was an English socialite who, together with her sister, Baba Beaton, was known as one of the Beaton Sisters and was included in The Book of Beauty by their brother, Cecil Beaton.

## Biography

Nancy Beaton was born 30 September 1909, in London, the daughter of Ernest Walter Hardy Beaton (1867–1936), a timber merchant from Hampstead, and Esther "Etty" Sisson (1872–1962). Her paternal grandfather was Walter Hardy Beaton (1841–1904), founder of the family business "Beaton Brothers Timber Merchants and Agents". On 4 December 1909 she was baptized into the Church of England as Nancy Elizabeth Louise Hardy at St Mary's Church, Kilburn, with her parents recorded as Ernest Walter and Esther Beaton.
Nancy was one of the first models of her brother Cecil.
Nancy Beaton was presented as a debutante at court in 1928, at the Queen Charlotte's Ball, in the presence of George V. She was part of a Bright Young Things' scandal when she, Stephen Tennant, and David Plunket Greene were thrown out from a party at the home of the Countess of Ellesmere they were crashing.
In January 1933 she married Sir Hugh Houston Smiley, 3rd Baronet (1905–1990). Constance Spry arranged the flowers and the wedding was a notable society event. The dresses were designed by her brother, Cecil Beaton. Baba Beaton, Margaret Whigham, Lady Bridget Poulett, and Lady Anne Wellesley were among the bridesmaids.
According to her brother Cecil Beaton in The Book of Beauty (1933): "I am enthralled at the childish intentness and gaiety of Nancy when looking for a coral tiara in a curiosity shop, by the complexion that emerges from underneath the water after she has fallen off an aquaplane board, by her dazzling blondness when, like a Gainsborough, writing her diary on a haystack."
She died on 6 June 1999.
# Jinniu, Chengdu

Jinniu District (Chinese: 金牛区; pinyin: Jīnniú Qū; lit. 'gold bull district') is a central urban district of the City of Chengdu, the capital of Sichuan, China.
Jinniu District is bordered by Chenghua District to the east, Qingyang District to the southwest, Pidu District to the northwest, and Xindu District to the north.

## Administrative divisions

Jinniu District administers 13 subdistricts:
* Xi'anlu Subdistrict (西安路街道)
* Xihua Subdistrict (西华街道)
* Hehuachi Subdistrict (荷花池街道)
* Simaqiao Subdistrict (驷马桥街道)
* Chadianzi Subdistrict (茶店子街道)
* Fuqin Subdistrict (抚琴街道)
* Jiulidi Subdistrict (九里堤街道)
* Wukuaishi Subdistrict (五块石街道)
* Yingmenkou Subdistrict (营门口街道)
* Jinquan Subdistrict (金泉街道)
* Shaheyuan Subdistrict (沙河源街道)
* Tianhuizhen Subdistrict (天回镇街道)
* Fenghuangshan Subdistrict (凤凰山街道)

## Tourist attractions

Tourist attractions in Jinniu District include:
* Chengdu Museum of Contemporary Art
* Chengdu Tianfu Art Museum
* Phoenix Mountain Mosque
* Tianfu Art Park (see also Yinggui Lake)
Many of these cultural attractions were established as part of the 2021 Chengdu Biennale.
# Wait (system call)

In computer operating systems, a process (or task) may wait for another process to complete its execution. In most systems, a parent process can create an independently executing child process. The parent process may then issue a wait system call, which suspends the execution of the parent process while the child executes. When the child process terminates, it returns an exit status to the operating system, which is then returned to the waiting parent process. The parent process then resumes execution.
Modern operating systems also provide system calls that allow a process's thread to create other threads and wait for them to terminate ("join" them) in a similar fashion.
An operating system may provide variations of the wait call that allow a process to wait for any of its child processes to exit, or to wait for a single specific child process (identified by its process ID) to exit.
Some operating systems issue a signal (SIGCHLD) to the parent process when a child process terminates, notifying the parent process and allowing it to retrieve the child process's exit status.
The exit status returned by a child process typically indicates whether the process terminated normally or abnormally. For normal termination, this status also includes the exit code (usually an integer value) that the process returned to the system. During the first 20 years of UNIX, only the low 8 bits of the exit code were available to the waiting parent. In 1989 with SVR4, a new call waitid was introduced that returns all bits from the exit call in a structure called siginfo_t in the structure member si_status. Waitid has been a mandatory part of the POSIX standard since 2001.

## Zombies and orphans

When a child process terminates, it becomes a zombie process, and continues to exist as an entry in the system process table even though it is no longer an actively executing program. Under normal operation it will typically be immediately waited on by its parent, and then reaped by the system, reclaiming the resource (the process table entry). If a child is not waited on by its parent, it continues to consume this resource indefinitely, and thus is a resource leak. Such situations are typically handled with a special "reaper" process that locates zombies and retrieves their exit status, allowing the operating system to then deallocate their resources.
Conversely, a child process whose parent process terminates before it does becomes an orphan process. Such situations are typically handled with a special "root" (or "init") process, which is assigned as the new parent of a process when its parent process exits. This special process detects when an orphan process terminates and then retrieves its exit status, allowing the system to deallocate the terminated child process.
If a child process receives a signal, a waiting parent will then continue execution leaving an orphan process behind. Hence it is sometimes needed to check the argument set by wait, waitpid or waitid and, in the case that WIFSIGNALED is true, wait for the child process again to deallocate resources.
# Sizwe Ummah Nation

The Sizwe Ummah Natione (SUN) is a minor political party in South Africa that seeks to promote Islamic values and principles. Its stated goal is to empower citizens through self-sufficiency and sustainable development.

## History
### Origin

The SUN was founded by a group of individuals who broke away from the African National Congress (ANC) primarily led by Rashid Gutta.
The party aims to drive positive change and build a brighter future for all South Africans, regardless of their background or beliefs. The party's vision is to create a nation founded on integrity, justice, and equal opportunities for all, where everyone can thrive and reach their full potential.

## Current structure and composition

The SUN has a central committee led by Ahmed Munzoor Shaik Emam as the president, with a secretary-general and other office bearers.

## Foreign policy and relations

The SUN has not articulated a clear foreign policy but has expressed support for African unity and solidarity with other African nations.

## Election results
### National Assembly elections

| Election | Party leader | Votes | Share of vote | Seats | +/– | Government |
| 2024 | Rasheed Ebrahim Gutta | 5,016 | 0.03% | 0 / 400 | New | Extra-parliamentary |
* ↑ From 2024, seats in the National Assembly are determined by a combination of the national ballot, and the nine regional ballots. Only the national ballot figures are shown here.

### Provincial elections

| Election | Eastern Cape | Eastern Cape | Free State | Free State | Gauteng | Gauteng | Kwazulu-Natal | Kwazulu-Natal | Limpopo | Limpopo | Mpumalanga | Mpumalanga | North-West | North-West | Northern Cape | Northern Cape | Western Cape | Western Cape |
| Election | % | Seats | % | Seats | % | Seats | % | Seats | % | Seats | % | Seats | % | Seats | % | Seats | % | Seats |
| 2024 | | | | | 0.02 | 0/80 | 0.08 | 0/80 | | | | | 0.05 | 0/38 | | | 0.05 | 0/42 |
# Hainuke Temple

Hainuke Temple (simplified Chinese: 海努克庙; traditional Chinese: 海努克廟), known as "Hainukedugang" (海努克都纲, meaning "Yak Temple") in Mongolian and "Yinding Temple" (银顶寺) in Chinese, was a temple of Gelug from the time of the Dzungar Khanate.
Hainuke Temple was destroyed and its ruins are located in Qapqal Xibe Autonomous County, Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region.

## History
### Construction

In the 1670s, the Olot Mongolian Junggar Tribe (厄鲁特蒙古准噶尔部) moved its capital to Ili, and the Hainuke Ancient City (海努克古城) became the capital of the Dzungar Khanate. At the beginning of the 18th century, they built the Hainuke Temple on the south bank of the Yili River.

### Destroyed

In December 1753, Hainuke Temple was burned down. Later, the temple was rebuilt. In 1762, the Qing Government wanted to set up a military castle in Hainuke Temple, and the Temple was demolished.

## Hainuke Temple Relic Site

Hainuke Temple Relic Site (海努克庙遗址) is located in Qapqal Xibe Autonomous County, and was designated as a protected cultural relic in the Xinjiang Autonomous Region in 1966.
# Ahror Iminov

Ahror Iminov (Russian: Иминов Ахрор Хикматиллаевич; born 14 July 1987) is a Kyrgyzstani businessman. He has been the vice president of the Wrestling Federation of the Kyrgyz Republic since 2018. In 2020, he was elected for parliament, but following the 2020 Kyrgyz protests the election results were annulled.
# High Roller (Valleyfair)

High Roller is a wooden roller coaster located at Valleyfair in Shakopee, Minnesota, USA. High Roller is Valleyfair's oldest roller coaster, being built in 1976 when the park opened. It is an out-and-back type coaster, and is 70 feet (21 m) at the highest peak with a top speed of 50 mph (80 km/h).
It is a common misconception that High Roller is really the Cyclone from nearby Excelsior Amusement Park, which closed a few years before Valleyfair opened. However, this is not the case. While High Roller bears some similarities to Cyclone, it was a brand new ride in 1976, and Cyclone was demolished when the Excelsior park closed.
# Terry Brain (animator)

Terence Brain (April 1955 – 25 March 2016) was a British animator known for his work on programmes such as The Trap Door, Stoppit and Tidyup and Wallace & Gromit. He died at his home after a two-year battle with cancer.