OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Carthage in Flames

Carthage in Flames (Italian: Cartagine in fiamme) is a 1960 Italian historical drama film directed by Carmine Gallone and starring Pierre Brasseur, José Suárez, Daniel Gélin and Anne Heywood. It was shot at the Cinecittà Studios in Rome. The film's sets were designed by the art director Guido Fiorini. It is based on the 1908 novel of the same title by Emilio Salgari.

## Plot

After being wounded during the battle to defend the city of Oroscopa from the army of Massinissa, Hiram, a Carthaginian leader, is rescued and nursed back to health by the young Roman woman Fulvia, who falls in love with him.
Meanwhile, the Carthaginian Council, on Massinissa's orders, has sentenced him to exile. Carthage is threatened by the Romans, and Hiram is forced to return in secret to take away with him the woman he loves, Ophir, the daughter of Hermon, the head of the Council. Ophir is also in love with Hiram, but her father has arranged for her to marry Tsour, a young Carthaginian she has known since childhood.
Fulvia has also arrived in Carthage, seeking Hiram and has fallen prisoner to Phegor, the commander of the sacred guards. Phegor is attracted to Fulvia and wants to spare her life, but the Carthaginian people, seeing her as a Roman, have decided to sacrifice her in the temple of Moloch. Hiram manages to save Fulvia, but in his attempt to also free Ophir, he is captured by Phegor.
With the help of his friends Sidone and Astarito, Hiram escapes from prison and prevents Ophir's marriage to Tsour. Hiram also regains the friendship of the leader of the mercenaries, Thala, with whom he had fought in Oroscopa. Tsour realizes the great love between Ophir and Hiram and decides not to oppose their union.
The Carthaginian Council is divided. Hiram and Tsour want to fight against the Romans, while Phegor wants to negotiate. In reality, Phegor is stalling for time because he is secretly helping the enemy to ensure a position of power after the city falls. Hermon decides to support the battle line.
Hiram, Tsour, Thala, and Asdrubale fight together in the battle of Birsa, but they are defeated by Scipione l'Emiliano, aided by the Numidian troops commanded by Gollussa.
Meanwhile, Fulvia, by yielding to Phegor, has managed to procure a ship, with which Sidone, Astarito, and Ophir, once they have retrieved the wounded Hiram from the battlefield, escape to the open sea. Carthage is set on fire. Phegor does not receive the hoped-for help from the Romans, and his house is burned down along with others. Fleeing onto the balcony, Phegor finds death embraced by Fulvia, who sacrifices her life for the love of Hiram.
Once at sea, Hiram, Ophir, and the crew of the ship watch Carthage burn.

## Cast

* Pierre Brasseur as Sidone
* Daniel Gélin as Phegor
* Anne Heywood as Fulvia
* Aldo Silvani as Hermon
* Ilaria Occhini as Ophir
* Paolo Stoppa as Astarito
* José Suárez as Hiram
* Terence Hill as Tsour
* Gianrico Tedeschi as Eleo
* Edith Peters as Sarepta
* Cesare Fantoni as Assian
* Erno Crisa as Asdrubal

## Production

Carthage in Flames was among the most expensive epic adventure films produced in Italy during the 1960s.
# Fire Monsters Against the Son of Hercules

Fire Monsters Against the Son of Hercules (Italian: Maciste contro i mostri) is a 1962 film directed by Guido Malatesta that was filmed in Yugoslavia and Italy.

## Plot summary

Set in the Ice Age, a nomadic tribe of sun worshippers reach an area they decide to settle in. When Idar and Rhia, a young couple of the tribe come across a water monster, the monster is killed by Maciste with a spear. The two ask Maciste to join their tribe but Maciste explains he has a destiny to fulfill of righting wrongs and must leave.
Soon afterwards a cave dwelling tribe of moon worshippers led by Fuwan attack the village and carry off the sun worshipper's women. Maciste returns to the sun worshippers and enters the moon worshipper's underground city through a river. There he discovers Moah, whose father and brother, formerly leaders of the tribe, were murdered by Fuwan who wishes to take Moah. Moah explains that the moon worshippers will sacrifice the captured women in a celebration of the full moon that night.
Maciste passes through an underwater tunnel, defeats the three headed hydra that lives there and is able to eliminate the guards to the entrance and remove the stone gate to the entrance letting the vengeful sun worshippers in. The women are freed but Maciste destroys their path to the surface once they have left and is captured by the moon worshippers who bury him, and later Moah in the earth so the worms may eat their bodies. They are saved by a volcanic eruption that sets them free and kills a large portion of the moon worshippers.
Seeking revenge, the moon worshippers make a pact with a tribe of cannibals to attack the sun worshippers. The combined forces are defeated by the sun worshippers and Maciste. Moah joins Maciste on his future journeys.

## Cast

* Reg Lewis as Maciste/ Maxus
* Margaret Lee as Moah
* Luciano Marin as Idar son of Dorak
* Andrea Aureli as Fuan of the Moon People
* Birgit Bergen as Raya
* Nello Pazzafini as Chief of the Ulmar People
* Miria Kent as Woman of the Sun
* Fulvia Gasser as Woman of the Sun
* Rocco Spataro as Dorak
* Ivan Pengov as Agur
Monsters include a river sea serpent, a lizard (scaled from a real lizard), and a four-footed walking dragon.

## Production

Fire Monsters Against the Son of Hercules was a co-production between Italy's Euro International Film and Yugoslavia's Caserbib. The film was shot at Incir De Paolis Studios in Rome and on location in the caves of Ljubljana in Slovenia.
In the English-language version, Maciste is called "Maxus", referring to him as a son of Hercules. Maciste's name is changed to Maxus, so whenever Maxus' name is mentioned, a different higher-registered voice adds the dubbed name.

## Release

The film was released in Italy on 25 April 1962. In the UK it was originally released as Colossus of the Stone Age in 1964, and retitled Land of the Monsters for its 1975 re-release paired with the 1965 film Revenge of the Gladiators.

## Reception

In his book on Italian cinema, Howard Hughes discussed the English-language dub of the film, declaring it "probably the worst dubbing job of all time".
# The Huns (film)

The Huns (Italian: La regina dei tartari is a 1960 adventure film directed by Sergio Grieco and starring Chelo Alonso and Jacques Sernas about Attila the Hun.

## Cast

* Chelo Alonso as Tanya
* Jacques Sernas as Malok
* Folco Lulli as Igor
* Mario Petri as Timur
* Philippe Hersent as Kathierma
* Piero Lulli as Seikor
* Andrea Scotti as Chagatai
* Ciquita Coffelli as Oruska
* Pietro Tordi as Morobas
* Raf Baldassarre as Prisoner

## Release

The Huns was released in Italy on 5 October 1960. It was released in the United States on 14 November 1962.
# Painters' Guild in New Spain

While the Casta system was flourishing in New Spain (Colonial Mexico) (1519-1821), a painters' guild emerged in order to classify the different ‘races’. The painters' guild in New Spain paralleled the structure, purpose, and mobility of the Casta system they were representing.

## Structure

The structure of the guild was hierarchical, similar to the system they were paid to represent. The master would take on an ‘apprentice’ who would work for room and board until he or she was considered skilled enough to become an independent painter. As Moriuchi states "Working within a guild system, Mexican artists frequently copied one another, and several compositions, forms, and themes were repeated among various identified and anonymous artists, establishing basic conventions foundational to any genre" (15). Therefore, despite the multitude of painters responsible for visually representing race in the Casta paintings, the images themselves seem similar enough to belong to a single artist. Change and innovation was highly criticized and the paintings, thus, maintained a common style and portrayal.

## Purpose

One of the main reasons that innovation was frowned upon in the Casta painters' guild was due to the very purpose of the Casta system. The system was, in part, created to try and impose an order on a very messy reality – the mixing of ‘races’ between the Spanish, indigenous, and African peoples of New Spain. Therefore, the guild had specific rules for how the representations of races were to be depicted and in what way. The order in the guild therefore promoted the order of the system. Additionally, unskilled artists were required to be tested in order to paint specific pieces. These lesser skilled artists were referred to as ‘Indians’ regardless of their own personal racial identification. This exemplifies how race was used as a categorizing tool that didn't necessarily relate to the reality on the ground.

## Mobility and opportunity

The guild also had specific restrictions on who and how an individual could move up in the hierarchy of the guild. Strict tests were required before an individual could move up a position in the guild. However, similarly in the Casta system itself, there was corruption in the guild which allowed individuals to pay for a higher position even if the skill requirements had not been met.
# Samson and the Sea Beast

Samson and the Sea Beast (Italian: Sansone contro i pirati, also known as Samson Against the Pirates) is a 1963 Italian peplum film directed by Tanio Boccia.

## Plot

A pirate terrorises the Antilles. He plunders ships, slaughtering their crews and selling women as slaves. One of the women asks a man named Samson for help battling the pirates.

## Cast

* Kirk Morris: Samson
* Margaret Lee: Amanda
* Daniele Vargas: Murad
* Aldo Bufi Landi: Manuel
* Tullio Altamura: Mobed
* Adriana Ambesi: Sarah
* Attilio Dottesio: Alvarez
* Calisto Calisti: Ibrahim
* Nello Pazzafini: Sandor

## Release

Samson Against the Pirates was released in Italy on 29 July 1963. It was also released as Samson and the Sea Beasts.
# Seven Rebel Gladiators

Sette contro tutti (lit; Seven against all; English title: Seven Rebel Gladiators) is a 1965 Italian sword-and-sandal film directed by Michele Lupo.

## Plot

Vadius, a Roman tribune wants to take hold of the kingdom of Aristea, by marrying the king's daughter Assuer. Marco, a centurion, opposes Vadius but is then sent to jail and then to a gladiator fight in which Radius expects him to be killed. But Marco makes friends with his 6 gladiator opponents in the fight. Together they fight against members of a cult called Kiva, who are on Vadius's side.

## Cast

* Roger Browne as Marcus Aulus (as Roger Brown)
* José Greci as Assuer (as Liz Havilland)
* Alfio Caltabiano as Vadius (as Al Northon)
* Harold Bradley as Tucos
* Mario Novelli as Physios (as Anthony Freeman)
* Erno Crisa as Morakeb
* Carlo Tamberlani as King Krontal (as Bud Stevenson)
* Arnaldo Fabrizio as Goliath (as Little Goliath)
* Pietro Tordi (as Peter Barclay)
# The Ten Gladiators

The Ten Gladiators (Italian: I dieci gladiatori) is a 1963 Italian film directed by Gianfranco Parolini.

## Plot summary

Roccia and a band of fellow gladiators join forces with a patrician named Glaucus Valerius to replace Nero (and his evil henchman, Tigelinus), with a new emperor: Servius Galba. During the course of this bloody struggle, the gladiators lose their mentor and trainer - Resius - and then must rescue Lidia, Resius' beautiful niece, from death on the cross.

## Cast

* Roger Browne as Glaucus Valerius
* José Greci (a.k.a. Susan Paget) as Lidia
* Dan Vadis as Roccia
* Franca Parisi (a.k.a. Margaret Taylor) as Poppea
* Gianni Rizzo as Claudius Nero
* Mimmo Palmara (aka Dick Palmer) as Tigelinus
* Ugo Sasso as Resius
* Mirko Ellis as Servius Galba
* Gianfranco Parolini as Livius Verus
* Vassili Karis as Epaphrodito
* Emilio Messina as Gladiator Leptus
* Giuseppe Mattei (aka Pino Mattei) as Gladiator Methodius
* Pietro Torrisi as Gladiator
* Aldo Canti as Gladiator
* Giancarlo Bastianoni as Gladiator
* Giuliano Dell'Ovo as Gladiator
* Gino Turini (a.k.a. John Turner) as Gladiator
* Romano Giomini as Gladiator
* Ivano Staccioli as Gladiator
* Roberto Messina as Gladiator
* Milton Reid as Bald Wrestler
* Salvatore Borghese as Milo / Minius, the Mute
* Arnaldo Fabrizio as Glaucus' Little Servant
* Veriano Ginesi as Geriel, the Ship's Drummer

## Release

The Ten Gladiators was released in Italy on 14 December 1963 with a 110-minute running time as I dieci gladiatori. On its American release, the film had a running time of 104 minutes.
# Triumph of the Son of Hercules

Triumph of the Son of Hercules (Italian: Il trionfo di Maciste) is a 1961 Italian peplum film directed by Tanio Boccia and starring Kirk Morris.

## Cast

* Kirk Morris as Maciste
* Cathia Caro as Antea
* Ljuba Bodina as Tenefi
* Cesare Fantoni as Agadon
* Giulio Donnini as Omnes
* Attilio Dottesio as Arsino
* Carla Calò as Yalis, the Oracle
* Aldo Bufi Landi as Thermail
# Cher (river)

The Cher (/ʃɛər/ SHAIR, French: ; Occitan: Char) is a river in central France, a left tributary of the Loire. It is 365.1 km (226.9 mi) long, and its basin area is 13,718 km$^2$ (5,297 sq mi). Its source is in the Creuse department, north-east of Crocq. It joins the river Loire at Villandry, west of Tours.
The river suffered a devastating flood in 1940, which damaged the Château de Chenonceau, which spans the river, and other structures along the banks. It owes its name to the pre-Indo-European root kʰar 'stone'.

## Departments and towns

The Cher flows through the following departments, and along the following towns:
* Creuse
* Allier: Montluçon
* Cher: Saint-Amand-Montrond, Vierzon
* Loir-et-Cher
* Indre-et-Loire: Tours

## Tributaries

The main tributaries of the Cher are, from spring to mouth (L: left / R: right):
* (L) Tardes
** (L) Voueize
* (R) Amaron or Lamaron at Montluçon
* (R) Aumance at Meaulne
* (R) Yèvre at Vierzon
** (L) Auron
** (R) Colin
* (L) Arnon at Vierzon
** (L) Théols
* (R) Sauldre at Selles-sur-Cher
* (L) Fouzon above Saint-Aignan

## Navigation

The Cher was part of a network of waterways that linked the city of Tours to Nevers, where connections to other regions of France existed. As of 2018, only the 54 kilometres (34 mi) section between Larçay (southeast of Tours) and Noyers-sur-Cher is navigable for small boats (maximum draft 80 cm). It has 14 locks. At Noyers-sur-Cher, it is connected with the Canal de Berry, of which only the westernmost 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) section until Selles-sur-Cher is navigable.
# The Vengeance of Ursus

The Vengeance of Ursus (Italian: La vendetta di Ursus) is a 1961 Italian peplum film directed by Luigi Capuano.

## Plot

The evil King Zagro (Livio Lorenzon) asks the king of a neighboring country (King Alteo) for permission to wed his daughter, the beautiful Princess Sira (Wandisa Guida), a political union that will join their two countries together. The mighty warrior Ursus, who fought for years in the army of King Alteo, has retired from the military to run a farm in the countryside with his little brother Dario. Ursus had once asked Alteo for the hand of the princess himself, but the king turned him down because Ursus was not of noble birth.
After Princess Sira travels to Zagro's kingdom to be wed, she learns that Zagro plans to assassinate her father after the wedding and then dispose of her at a later time, leaving Zagro in complete control of both countries. Zagro has a spy in Alteo's kingdom, the king's foppish advisor Licurgo, whom he uses to influence Alteo's decisions.
Ursus learns of the plot and wants to warn Alteo of the danger he is in, but Zagro captures Ursus' brother and threatens to kill the boy if Ursus does not surrender. Ursus turns himself in, and is forced to become a slave in Zagro's prison camp. When some rebels in Zagro's court free the boy from his captivity, Ursus is able to escape from the slave camp without fear of endangering his brother's life, and the two head back to King Alteo's kingdom, to warn him that he is about to be assassinated.
Licurgo uses his influence to make Alteo doubt Ursus' warning however, telling him that Ursus is lying about Zagro because he wants to marry the princess himself. Soon after, Licurgo arranges for an assassin to murder the king, and is able to frame Ursus for the assassination.
To prove his innocence, Ursus undergoes several tests of strength in an arena, the greatest of which involves being tied to an elephant which then drags Ursus closer and closer to a wooden wall bristling with razor-sharp knives. Ursus uses his great strength to resist the mammoth creature, and succeeds in convincing the people that Zagro was behind the assassination of their king. Enraged, Zagro stabs his confederate Licurgo to death.
In desperation, Zagro orders his armies to attack, and a tremendous battle ensues. During the chaos, Ursus stabs Zagro to death with his own sword, and liberates the people, as well as Princess Sira. Sira takes over the throne, and asks Ursus to rule at her side, and the populace celebrates their newfound freedom.

## Cast

* Samson Burke as Ursus
* Wandisa Guida as Sira
* Livio Lorenzon as King Zagro
* Nadine Sanders as Sabra
* Gianni Rizzo as Licurgo
* Nerio Bernardi as King Alteo
* Gina Rovere as Lidia
* Attilio Dottesio as Afro, Zagro's Servant
* Franco Fantasia as Captain of the guard
* Roberto Chevalier as Dario
* Ugo Sasso as Anio the bartender
* Ignazio Balsamo as Andros

## Release

The Vengeance of Ursus was released in Italy on December 7, 1961.
# Arthur Bunster

Arthur Bunster (1831 – October 8, 1891) was a Canadian entrepreneur and Member of Parliament.
Bunster was born in Queen's County (now Laois), Ireland and was educated in Dublin, attending Trinity College. He came to Vancouver Island in 1856 and settled in Victoria, British Columbia. After trying his hand at several other ventures, Bunster purchased the Colonial Brewery in 1859. The brewery was destroyed in a fire and rebuilt, both in 1869.
In 1869, he served as a member of the town council for Victoria. He represented Nanaimo in the Legislative Council of British Columbia in 1871. Bunster, a Liberal, was elected in the two-member Victoria riding in British Columbia's first provincial election, in 1871. He was initially a candidate for the Vancouver seat (i.e. Vancouver Island, not today's City of Vancouver) in the federal election of 1872. However, Bunster and other local candidates stepped aside so that Minister of Finance Francis Hincks could win the seat by acclamation after he had lost his Ontario seat. Bunster did resign his seat in the provincial assembly in 1874 to contest and win the seat in the 1874 federal election. He was re-elected in 1878 but ultimately lost the seat in 1882. Bunster sold the brewery, to the original owners, in the same year. He later moved to San Francisco, where he entered real estate and later died in 1891, when he drowned in San Francisco Bay.
Bunster was opposed to immigration by Chinese people to Canada. In 1871, he proposed that a fifty dollar poll tax be imposed on Chinese persons working in British Columbia. The proposal was withdrawn because it fell outside of the powers of the colonial council. In 1874, he lobbied for legislation making it illegal for the Canadian Pacific Railway to hire persons with hair longer than 5.5 inches, a measure again aimed at the Chinese.
Bunster is also remembered for his 1878 fist-fight in the House of Commons with Liberal MP Guillaume Cheval.
# Jong-hyuk

Jong-hyuk, also spelled Jong-hyeok or Jong-hyok, is a Korean masculine given name. Its meaning differs based on the hanja used to write each syllable of the name. As of June 2022, regulations of South Korea's Supreme Court list the following hanja which may be registered for use in the given name Jong-hyuk:
* jong: six from the Basic Hanja for educational use (宗 種 鐘 終 從 縱) and 14 from the Table of Hanja for Personal Name Use (倧 琮 淙 悰 綜 瑽 鍾 慫 腫 踵 椶 柊 蹤 伀)
* hyeok: one from the Basic Hanja for educational use (革) and 11 from the Table of Hanja for Personal Name Use (赫 爀 奕 焱 侐 焃 𧹽 嚇 弈 洫 鬩)
People with this name include:
* Lee Jong-hyuk (born 1974), South Korean actor
* Joo Jong-hyuk (actor, born 1983), South Korean actor and singer
* Kim Jong-hyeok (born 1983), South Korean football referee
* Oh Jong-hyuk (born 1983), South Korean singer and actor, member of boy band Click-B
* Choi Jong-hyuk (born 1984), South Korean football player
* Cha Jong-hyok (born 1985), North Korean football player
* Joo Jong-hyuk (actor, born 1991), South Korean actor
* Kim Myoung-jun (born Kim Jong-hyuk, 1994), South Korean football player
* Jeon Jong-hyuk (born 1996), South Korean football player
# Das Himmelskleid

Das Himmelskleid (La veste di cielo) is a 1927 German-language opera in 3 acts by Ermanno Wolf-Ferrari after "Donkeyskin" by Charles Perrault. It premiered 21 April 1927 at the Nationaltheater, Munich.

## Recording

Angelina Ruzzafante, Sibrand Basa, Reinhard Leisenheimer, Hagen Opera Gerhard Markson Marco Polo 3CD 1997
# TTELA

TTELA is a Swedish daily newspaper which covers the municipalities Trollhättan, Vänersborg, Lilla Edet and Mellerud in the provinces Västergötland and Dalsland in the Västra Götaland County, West Sweden.
The newspaper is owned by Stampen AB and is published six times a week, Monday to Saturday.

## History

The newspaper was formed in a merger between Trollhättans Tidning (TT) and Elfsborgs Läns Allehanda (ELA, Elfsborg is old spelling of Älvsborg) in 2004. ELA was the oldest of them, founded in 1885 as Elfsborgs Läns Annonsblad (in the 1980s renamed to Elfsborgs Läns Allehanda). It had readers mainly in Vänersborg and Mellerud. Trollhättans Tidning was founded 1906, having readers mainly in Trollhättan and Lilla Edet. TTELA had the first issue of the new tabloid format on 4 December 2010.

## Saab Coverage

TTELA had a unique coverage of the Saab deal, starting with GM's decision to discontinue the factory in Trollhättan, as well as the whole brand Saab, and continuing up to date, with the broken Hawtai deal. Due to the tabloid centering on Trollhättan, where Saab is manufactured, and Vänersborg (location of the court), the newspaper has followed the story continuously, and grown famous in Saab circuits.
# Lagos State Traffic Management Authority

Lagos State Traffic Management Authority is a Lagos State-owned agency under the Ministry of Transportation. The agency was established on the 15th of July, 2000 to transform the state transportation system to ensure free flow of traffic in the state and also reduce road accidents. The current head of the agency is Mr Olalekan Bakare-Oki.

## History

The Lagos State Traffic Management Authority, LASTMA for short, is a traffic management agency in Lagos State, Nigeria that was created by the former governor of the State, Asiwaju Bola Ahmed Tinubu to help maintain the level of sanity on Lagos major roads.

## Mission

To promote a state-wide culture of traffic regulation, control, and management, as well as to ensure smooth traffic flow on Lagos roads.

## Vision

To reduce deaths and economic losses caused by road traffic accidents and delays on Lagos State's public highways by implementing modern traffic management techniques to bring order and control to the state's road.
# Charles Fitzgerald (rugby union)

Charles Conway Fitzgerald (1 August 1879 — 10 February 1958) was an Irish international rugby union player.
Born in Lurgan, County Armagh, Fitzgerald attended the Royal School Dungannon and studied medicine at the University of Glasgow. He played rugby in his youth and was capped three times for Ireland as a wing three-quarter.
Fitzgerald served as an officer in the Royal Army Medical Corps and Royal Flying Corps during World War I.