OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Glanum Dam

The Glanum Dam, also known as the Vallon de Baume dam, was a Roman arch dam built to supply water to the Roman town of Glanum, the remains of which stand outside the town of Saint-Rémy-de-Provence in Southern France. It was situated south of Glanum, in a gorge that cut into the hills of the Alpilles in the Roman province of Gallia Narbonensis. Dating to the 1st century BC, it was the earliest known dam of its kind. The remains of the dam were destroyed during the construction of a modern replacement in 1891, which now facilitates the supply of water to Saint-Rémy-de-Provence in the Bouches-du-Rhône region of France.
The remains of the Roman dam at Glanum were discovered in 1763 by Esprit Calvet. A recent study shows that the dam originally was composed of two curved parallel masonry walls, each around 1 metre (3.3 ft) thick and separated by a gap around 1.5 metres (4.9 ft) wide which was likely filled with earth and rubble. The cut stone blocks were held together by crampons and finished with Cordon joints designed to protect against water entry. At each end of the dam there was an abutment cut into the rock of the gorge. Overall the dam stood 6 metres (20 ft) high with a thickness of 3.5 metres (11 ft).
Its dimensions and location in a steep-sided gorge point towards it being a true arch dam. The dam collected water that was fed into an aqueduct that in turn supplied the Roman town of Glanum.
A modern arched dam was constructed on the same site in 1891, destroying the remains of the Roman dam. The dam's reservoir is called in French the Lac de Peirou and is accessible via the Chemin du Barrage.
# Saul Mariaschin

Saul William Marsch (born Saul George Mariaschin; August 10, 1924 – December 20, 1990) was an American professional basketball player. He played college basketball at Syracuse University for one season in 1942–43 before leaving to join the United States Navy during World War II. He played his final two years of college basketball at Harvard University, and helped to take the team to its first appearance in the NCAA tournament after achieving a 19–1 record. It would be the only time Harvard would reach the tournament for 66 years, until the 2011–12 team reached the Second Round in 2012.
Mariaschin was selected in the 1947 BAA draft by the Washington Capitols, but never played for the team. He instead signed with the Boston Celtics, and played for the team during the 1947–48 season. Mariaschin was the first and only player from Harvard to reach the BAA/NBA postseason until Jeremy Lin did so with the Houston Rockets in 2013.
Mariaschin died in 1990 during a skiing vacation.

## BAA career statistics
### Regular season

| Year | Team | GP | FG% | FT% | APG | PPG |
| 1947–48 | Boston | 43 | .270 | .709 | 1.4 | 7.7 |
| Career | Career | 43 | .270 | .709 | 1.4 | 7.7 |

### Playoffs

| Year | Team | GP | FG% | FT% | APG | PPG |
| 1947–48 | Boston | 3 | .238 | .643 | 0.3 | 9.7 |
| Career | Career | 3 | .238 | .643 | 0.3 | 9.7 |
# Oiseaux exotiques

Oiseaux exotiques (Exotic birds) is a piece for piano and small orchestra by Olivier Messiaen. It was written between 5 October 1953 and 3 January 1956 and was commissioned by Pierre Boulez. It is dedicated to the pianist Yvonne Loriod, who later became the composer's wife.

## Premiere

This piece was first performed at the Théâtre du Petit Marigny by Yvonne Loriod and the ensemble Domaine musical, conducted by Rudolf Alberth.

## Orchestral setting

Piano, piccolo, 2 flutes, oboe, 2 B♭ clarinets, clarinet in E-flat, bass clarinet, bassoon, 2 French horns, trumpet, and 6 percussionists playing glockenspiel, xylophone, chimes, cowbell, three gongs, snare drum, tam-tam, temple blocks, and wood block.

## The work

The birdsongs in this piece are from Asia and the Americas: the southern hill myna, the golden-fronted leafbird, the Baltimore oriole, the greater prairie chicken, the northern mockingbird, the catbird, the Indian robin, the white-crested laughingthrush, the american robin (entrusted to the two clarinets), the Swainson's thrush, the hermit thrush, the red-whiskered bulbul and the wood thrush.

### Hindu rhythms

Decî-Tâlas of ancient India, Cârngadeva system: Nihcankalîla, Gajalîla, Laksmîca, Caccarî, Candrakâla, Dhenkî, Gajajhampa, and karnâtic theory: Matsya-Sankirna, Triputa-Miśra, Matsya-Tiśra, Atatâla-Cundh.

### Greek rhythms

Composed feet by the metre: Typistlo-Epitrite; verses by the metre: lambelegiac, logaedic verses: Asclepiad, Saphique, Glyconic, Aristophanian, Phalaean, Peregrinean.

## Duration

The piece lasts about 16 minutes.

## Recording

Michael Thompson (French horn), London Sinfonietta (Orchestra), Paul Crossley (piano) (+ Des Canyons aux étoiles..., Couleurs de la Cité céleste) CBS Records, 1989, Angelin Chang (piano) and Cleveland Chamber Symphony) New European Recordings, won the 2007 GRAMMY for Best Instrumental Soloist(s) Performance (with orchestra).
# Sept haïkaï

Sept haïkaï — esquisses japonaises (Seven Haiku: Japanese Sketches) is a composition for piano and small orchestra by Olivier Messiaen. It was published by Alphonse Leduc in 1966 and subsequently reprinted numerous times. It typically lasts about twenty minutes.

## History

The set of Sept haïkaï were composed by Messiaen in 1962 after a trip to Japan while he was on honeymoon with his new second wife, Yvonne Loriod. They were influenced by the sounds of Indian rhythms, Gagaku, the music of the Noh theatre, and the birdcalls of Japan, which he had first incorporated in Chronochromie. Messiaen also used an underlying melodic-rhythmic structure similar to the isorhythms used by fourteenth century composers such as Vitry and Machaut.
Sept haïkaï are dedicated to Loriod, Pierre Boulez, Seiji Ozawa, Yoritsune Matsudaira, Sadao Bekku, Mitsuaki Hayama, Fumi Yamaguchi, and "to the landscapes, to the music and to all the birds of Japan". The suite premiered on 30 October 1963, conducted by Boulez, and with Loriod as the piano soloist, at the concerts of the Domaine Musical.

## Instrumentation

The piece is scored for solo piano and an orchestra with the following instruments.

## Movements

The work is composed of seven movements.
* Introduction
* Le parc de Nara et les lanternes de pierre (Nara Park and the Lanterns of Stone)
* Yamanaka cadenza ("Internal Mountain" Cadenza)
* Gagaku
* Miyajima et le torii dans le mer (Miyajima and the torii in the sea)
* Les oiseaux de Karuizawa (The Birds of Karuizawa)
* Coda
# García Fernández Manrique, 3rd Count of Osorno

García Fernández Manrique y Toledo, 3rd Count of Osorno (c. 1483–1546) was a Spanish nobleman.
He was the son of Don Pedro Fernández Manrique, 2nd Count de Osorno and of Teresa de Toledo, daughter of García Álvarez de Toledo, 1st Duke of Alba. He was president of the Council of the Indies, a position he held until his death in 1546.

## Descendants

In 1503, the Count married Juana Enríquez, Lady of la Vega and Ruy Ponce, who died the same year. In 1504 he married for a second time with Juana de Cabrera y Bobadilla, daughter of Andrés de Cabrera, 1st Marquis of Moya, with whom he had three children. In 1506 he married for a third time with María de Luna y Bobadilla, daughter of Alvaro de Luna, 2nd Lord of Fuentidueña.
By Juana de Cabrera:
* Pedro Fernández Manrique, 4th Count de Osorno (1504–1569)
* Alonso Manrique de Lara
* Juan Manrique
By María de Luna:
* María Magdalena Manrique, married Andrés Hurtado de Mendoza, 3rd Marquis of Cañete
   * Diego Hurtado de Mendoza, 4th Marquis of Cañete
   * García Hurtado de Mendoza, 5th Marquis of Cañete
* Isabel de Luna
# Mazas Prison

The Mazas Prison (French: Prison de Mazas) was a prison in Paris, France.
Designed by architects Émile Gilbert and Jean-François-Joseph Lecointe, it was inaugurated in 1850 and located near the Gare de Lyon, on the Diderot boulevard. The building was destroyed in 1900.
# Scargo Tower

Scargo Tower is a 30-foot-tall (9.1 m) cobblestone tower located atop Scargo Hill in Dennis, Massachusetts on Cape Cod.

## History

There have been three Scargo towers at this spot. The first tower was built in 1874 by the Tobey family. Constructed out of wood, it was destroyed by a gale in 1876. The second tower, known as "Tobey Tower" and also made of wood, burned down in 1900. The present tower was built of cobblestone in 1901 as a memorial to the Tobey family.
The current tower, atop the area's tallest hill above the kettle of Scargo Lake, stands 30 feet high and 160 feet above sea level. The top of the tower provides a panoramic view that, on a clear day, extends as far as Provincetown and the Sagamore Bridge.
A plaque placed above the entrance to the tower reads, "This tower and hilltop were given to the town of Dennis in 1929 as a memorial to Charles Tobey (1831–1888) and Francis Bassett Tobey (1833–1913). Loyal sons of the village of Dennis where their Tobey ancestors settled in 1678."

## Geography

Scargo tower sits atop Scargo Hill, one of the tallest [160 feet (49 m)] and best-known hills on Cape Cod. The tower is located in the town of Dennis, Massachusetts off of Scargo Hill road, to the south of Scargo Lake.
# Pentameris insularis

Pentameris insularis is a species of flowering plant in the family Poaceae. It is native to the Amsterdam and Saint Paul islands. It was first described by William Hemsley in 1884 as Trisetum insulare and transferred to Pentameris in 2010.
# Portrait of a Man in a Yellowish-Gray Jacket

Portrait of a Man in a Yellowish-gray Jacket is an oil-on-panel portrait painting by the Dutch Golden Age painter Frans Hals, painted in 1633 and now in the Staatliche Kunstsammlungen Dresden, Dresden.

## Painting

The painting shows a tastefully dressed young man in a floppy hat seated in a chair facing right with his head at an angle looking at the viewer. We don't know the name of the man or the occasion for which it was painted, but the painting is probably a pendant to the portrait of a man in a black jacket, which it matches in shape, size, period, and position of the figures. If so, it was possibly once a pair of portraits of organisation owners, or two men who lived together, because Hals was quite consistent with his pendant wedding portraits; positioning the man on the left and the woman on the right. This allowed the light which always shines from the left in his paintings, to shine directly on the woman's face and not the man's. In this case however, the portrait on the left is painted in lighter tones than the portrait on the right. Possibly these pendant portraits were made to decorate a building, so that people who worked for them or visited the premises could know what the owners looked like.

## Provenance

The painting is one of the best documented paintings in Hals' oeuvre, documented by Wilhelm von Bode in 1883, by Ernst Wilhelm Moes in 1909, Hofstede de Groot in 1910, by W.R. Valentiner in 1923, Trivas in 1941 and by Gerrit David Gratama in 1946. Both Seymour Slive and Claus Grimm agree it is by Hals.
In 1910 Hofstede de Groot recorded the two small portraits as pendants:
   271. PORTRAIT OF A MAN SEATED. B. 105; M. 169. Half-length. He is turned three-quarters right, and looks at the spectator. His left hand is pressed to his side. He has a light-brown moustache and pointed beard, and dark-brown hair. He wears a broad- brimmed black hat of soft felt, a yellowish-grey coat, a close-fitting white collar edged with lace, and a white wristband on his right hand. Grey background. [Pendant to 272.]
   Panel, 9 1/2 inches by 7 1/2 inches. A copy was exhibited at the Burlington Fine Arts Club, London, 1900, No. 32, and was in the sale: James Orrock, London, June 4, 1904, No. 265 (for 330 pounds and 15 schillings).
   Acquired from the Wallenstein collection, Dux, 1741. In the Dresden Gallery, 1908 catalogue, No. 1358.
   272. PORTRAIT OF A MAN. B. 106; M. 170. Half-length. His figure is in profile to the left; his head is turned three-quarters left. He looks at the spectator. The left hand, though not shown, is obviously pressed to his side. He has a slight fair moustache and imperial, and dark- brown curls. He wears a broad-brimmed black hat of soft felt and a black coat, showing the white shirt, with a close-fitting lace collar. [Pendant to 271.]
   Panel, 9 1/2 inches by 8 inches.
   Acquired from the Wallenstein collection, Dux, 1741. In the Dresden Gallery, 1908 catalogue, No. 1359.
# Manley Hall, Staffordshire

Manley Hall (also known as Thickbroom Hall) was an English Tudor-style country house in Weeford, near Lichfield in Staffordshire.
The house was built in 1833 in a 1200-acre estate for John Shawe Manley, who in 1843 was High Sheriff of Staffordshire. It was designed by architect Thomas Trubshaw (1801–1842) of Little Haywood. The building included a watch tower and elaborate finials and chimneys. However, due to severe wood rot, Manley Hall, apart from the south-west end, was demolished c. 1957. On the estate today there is an open lawn where the house used to stand and Manley Wood.
Plans are in hand to convert the service wing and the stable block to dwelling houses.
# Porta Lodovica

Porta Lodovica was a city gate of the Spanish walls of Milan, Italy, named after Ludovico Sforza. According to a survey conducted by Scenari Immobiliari in 2020, this area is in first place in the ranking of the neighborhoods that offer the best liveability in Milan.
Today, the name refers to the district (quartiere) of Milan where the gate used to be, which is part of the Zone 5 administrative division. The gate was demolished at the end of the 19th century. Plans were made to rebuild it inside the Parco di Monza city park in Monza, but they were not implemented.

## The gate

A "Porta Lodovica", roughly facing the same direction as that of the Spanish walls of Milan, was already part of the city's medieval walls. It was located by the postern of Saint Euphemia. The gate was named after Ludovico Sforza because he had the idea of enlarging the former "Porta di Sant'Eufemia" to facilitate access to the Santa Maria presso San Celso sanctuary, which was visited by many pilgrims. An inscription on the medieval Porta Lodovica read: "Ludovico Maria Sforza opened this gate, named Lodovica after him, together with his wife Beatrice, so that that religious rushing up of his citizens to the house of Mary, Mother of God, be easier and shorter".
When the medieval walls were replaced by the Spanish walls, the old Porta Lodovica was demolished and the new one was built.
In the late 19th century, when new districts developed in the periphery of Milan, several gates and several tracts of the city walls were demolished to make traffic easier. Porta Lodovica was demolished in 1905.

## The district

The district of Porta Lodovica marks the transition from the historic centre to the "Bastions", i.e., the part of the city that was enclosed by the Spanish walls. Major streets in the area include Via Col Di Lana, Viale Gian Galeazzo, Viale Beatrice d'Este, and Viale Bligny. The Bocconi University has its headquarters in this district.

## Footnotes

* ↑ P. Francesco Maggi, S. Celso e la sua Madonna, 1951, p. 109. The original Italian text is: "Ludovico Maria Sforza perché quel religioso acorrere dei suoi cittadini alla casa di Maria, madre di Dio fosse più comodo e breve questa porta, Lodovica dal suo nome con la sposa Beatrice aperse."
45°27′08″N 9°11′12″E﻿ / ﻿45.45222°N 9.18667°E﻿ / 45.45222; 9.18667
# Rugby union in Liechtenstein

Rugby union in Liechtenstein is a minor but growing sport.

## Governing body

The governing body for rugby in Liechtenstein is the Liechtenstein Rugby Union.

## History

Liechtenstein was going to take part in one of the early European Club Cup competitions, but this never took off and Liechtenstein had to withdraw for lack of players. In 2013 the team played in the fira sevens gps in Latvia losing to Norway 34-0, Slovakia 26-10 and Estonia 29-15.
There are two clubs, Lynx RC, which is based at Sportpark Eschen-Mauren, in Eschen, they used to play in the Swiss rugby union leagues, and FC Vaduz Red Pride Rugby, based in Liechtenstein's capital, Vaduz.
# Athletics at the 1970 British Commonwealth Games – Women's 400 metres

The women's 400 metres event at the 1970 British Commonwealth Games was held on 22 and 23 July at the Meadowbank Stadium in Edinburgh, Scotland. It was the first time that the metric distance was contested at the Games, replacing the 440 yards event.
The winning margin was 2.64 seconds which as of 2024 remains the only time the women's 400 metres was won by more than two seconds at these games.

## Medallists

Medallists :
| Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| Marilyn Neufville Jamaica | Sandra Brown Australia | Judith Ayaa Uganda |

## Results
### Heats
#### Qualification for final

The first 4 in each semifinal heat (Q) qualified directly for the final.
Semifinal heats result :
| Rank | Heat | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| 1 | 1 | Marilyn Neufville | Jamaica | 53.0 | Q |
| 2 | 1 | Jannette Champion | England | 54.9 | Q |
| 3 | 1 | Avril Beattie | Scotland | 55.1 | Q |
| 4 | 1 | Maeve Kyle | Northern Ireland | 55.3 | Q |
| 5 | 1 | Cecilia Smith | Canada | 55.5 | |
| 6 | 1 | Heather McKay | Canada | 59.1 | |
| 1 | 2 | Judith Ayaa | Uganda | 52.8 | Q |
| 2 | 2 | Sandra Brown | Australia | 53.8 | Q |
| 3 | 2 | Avril Bowring | England | 54.1 | Q |
| 4 | 2 | Barbara Lyall | Scotland | 54.1 | Q |
| 5 | 2 | Maureen Taylor | England | 54.3 | |
| 6 | 2 | Joyce Sadowick | Canada | 55.2 | |
| 7 | 2 | Beverly Franklyn | Jamaica | 57.2 | |
| | 2 | Alice Annum | Ghana | DNS | |

### Final

| Rank | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| | Marilyn Neufville | Jamaica | 51.02 | WR |
| | Sandra Brown | Australia | 53.66 | |
| | Judith Ayaa | Uganda | 53.77 | |
| 4 | Jannette Champion | England | 54.2 | |
| 5 | Barbara Lyall | Scotland | 54.7 | |
| 6 | Avril Bowring | England | 54.7 | |
| 7 | Avril Beattie | Scotland | 54.8 | |
| 8 | Maeve Kyle | Northern Ireland | 55.7 | |
# Compsodrillia tricatenaria

Compsodrillia tricatenaria is an extinct species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Pseudomelatomidae, the turrids and allies.

## Description

The length of the shell attains 17.5 mm, its diameter 6 mm.
The shell is subulate and turreted. It shows longitudinal undulations, which on each whorl of the spire are crossed by three equidistant prominent spiral lines. The whorls are indented above. The indentations are finely striated. The suture is margined by a carinated line. The body whorl shows about thirteen spiral lines. The aperture is more than one third the length of the shell. (original description by Conrad in 1834)
General Characters.—The shell is rather large and robust. The apertureis approximately one-third the total altitude. The whorls number probably 8 to 10. They are concave posteriorly, straight sided or gently convex in front of the fasciole. The body is smoothly contracted at the base. The appression of the whorls is rather marked. The suture line is inconspicuous.
Protoconch.—Apex broken away in all available material. The nucleus is apparently small.
Sculpture.- The external sculpture is vigorous, both axial and spiral. The axial ribs are rather strongly elevated, rounded, somewhat undulatory and slightly protractive, 12 to 14 in number on the later whorls, persisting with undiminished strength to the anterior suture but quite abruptly evanescent posteriorly at the margin of the fasciole. On the body whorl they are weakening a little in front of the periphery and becoming obsolete before reaching the pillar and, in the older forms, irregular or altogether obsolete toward the aperture. Intercostal areas are concave, narrower than the ribs. The spiral sculpture consists of broadly arched, rather prominent, primary fillets, uniform in strength on both the costal and the intercostal areas, 9 to 11 in number on the ultima, 3 or 4 upon the penultima, usually, though not always, equal or sub-equal in size and spacing. The intercalaries are absent in the type but present, as a rule, to the number of 1, 2, or 3 between the primaries of the later whorls. The posterior fasciole is obscurely undulated anteriorly by the axial sculpture, spirally threaded with 4 to 6 fine, close-set lirae with 1 or 2 stronger cords at the posterior margin, directly in front of the suture line. The anterior canal is sculptured with 4 to 6 crowded lirae. Aperture : the aperture is narrow, obliquely lobate, obtusely angulated at the posterior commissure. The outer lip is somewhat flaring. The posterior siphonal notch is very narrow, but rather deep. The inner lip is gently excavated at the base of the body whorl. The columella is straight, moderately long, simple. The parietal wall and the columella are heavily reinforced. The anterior canal is rather long and broad, obtusely truncate at the extremity.

## Distribution

Fossils have been found in Upper Miocene strata of South Carolina, USA.
# Palaeoelachista

Palaeoelachista is an extinct genus of moths in the family Elachistidae. It was described by Kozlov in 1987. It contains the species P. traugottolseni, which was described from Baltic amber in the Russian Federation. It is dated to the Eocene.
# 1984 Southern Illinois Salukis football team

The 1984 Southern Illinois Salukis football team was an American football team that represented Southern Illinois University (now known as Southern Illinois University Carbondale) in the Missouri Valley Conference (MVC) during the 1984 NCAA Division I-AA football season. Under first-year head coach Ray Dorr, the team compiled a 3–8 record (0–5 against conference opponents) and finished in last place out of seven teams in the MVC. The team played its home games at McAndrew Stadium in Carbondale, Illinois.

## Schedule

| Date | Opponent | Site | Result | Attendance |
| September 1 | at Tulsa | Skelly StadiumTulsa, OK | L 10–23 | 17,127 |
| September 8 | at Illinois State | Hancock StadiumNormal, IL | L 7–35 | 7,166 |
| September 15 | Western Illinois* | McAndrew StadiumCarbondale, IL | L 24–34 | 12,000 |
| September 22 | Arkansas State* | McAndrew StadiumCarbondale, IL | L 0–19 | 7,200 |
| September 29 | at Southeast Missouri State* | Houck StadiumCape Girardeau, MO | W 27–16 | 7,500 |
| October 6 | Northern Iowa* | McAndrew StadiumCarbondale, IL | W 40–10 | 6,025 |
| October 13 | at Eastern Illinois* | O'Brien FieldCharleston, IL | W 48–40 | 10,140 |
| October 20 | West Texas State | McAndrew StadiumCarbondale, IL | L 17–24 | 2,600 |
| October 27 | Indiana State | McAndrew StadiumCarbondale, IL | L 10–27 | 8,033 |
| November 3 | at Drake | Drake StadiumDes Moines, IA | L 17–20 | 5,200 |
| November 10 | at Southwest Missouri State* | Briggs StadiumSpringfield, MO | L 6–31 | 807 |
| *Non-conference game ||||||