OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Thomas Drawswerd

Thomas Drawswerd was one of two Members of the Parliament of England for the constituency of York between 1512 and 1515.

## Life and politics

Thomas was born about 1476 into a family of carvers and image makers. He followed into the trade, which led to him becoming a freeman of the city of York in 1496 and a member of Corpus Christi guild. His success as a carver saw him hold several civic offices in the city. These included junior chamberlain (1501–02), sheriff (1505–06), alderman (1508 until his death) and twice lord mayor (1515–16 and 1523–24).
There is not much recorded of his time in parliament other than pursuing remission for the fee farm in the city. He had been requested by Henry VIII to be returned to the 1515 parliament against the actual vote by the city council. As he was due to become mayor of York, the council refused to allow him to serve as MP. At the end of his first term of office as mayor, there were riots surrounding the election of aldermen. His second term was less controversial in which he rebuffed a royal diktat on the appointment of the city sheriff and Thomas' gift of Holtby Hall to the city.
He was a renowned carver across the country. Among his known works are the oak rood screen in St Mary Magdalene Church, Newark. This is thought to be the only surviving example of his work. He constructed a pageant wagon in 1501 for the Merchants Guild for which he was paid five marks and the old wagon. Thomas' new wagon would later be used in 1541 when Henry VIII visited the city and was placed in Ousegate. He also was paid forty shillings to produce a Domesday pageant in 1507.
Thomas was married to Maud and they had two children, George and Maud. He died in 1529 and was buried in St Martin's Church. He made provision in his will that after his wife's death, four of his properties to the Church and two to St Christopher's guild.
# Deliboz

The Deliboz (Azerbaijani: Diliboz atı) is an Azerbaijani breed of light riding horse. It is an ancient breed which underwent selective breeding in the Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic in the twentieth century. It is one of four extant horse breeds in Azerbaijan, the others being the Karabakh, the Guba and the Shirvan.$^{:7}$ It may also be called Daliboz or Dilbaz.$^{:4}$

## History

The Deliboz was a traditional local breed of Oriental type, with similarities to Persian and Turkoman horses;$^{:461}$ it was distributed mainly in the Agstafa, Qazakh and Tovuz rayons of north-western Azerbaijan, and also in neighbouring areas of Armenia and Georgia. In the 1930s and 1940s, under the Soviet régime, a number of horses were selected from the general horse population as typical of the Deliboz type; some of these were crossed with Arab and Karabakh stallions. From the 1950s there was no further introgression from the Karabakh; cross-breeding with Arab and Tersk stallions continued.$^{:281}$
The Deliboz is named for the Deliboz stud farm, which ceased to exist during the Second World War.
# Roberto Cesaretti

Vice Admiral Roberto Cesaretti is a retired Italian naval officer who served as Deputy Chief of Staff Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe. He commanded the minesweepers Mango and Sandalo and in 1984 commanded frigate Zeffiro before attending the US Naval War College.
In 1990-91 he commanded Italian aircraft carrier Giuseppe Garibaldi.
He was promoted to Flag rank on 31 December 1994. From October 1999 to October 2000 he assumed command of Italian Blue Water Surface Forces (COMFORAL).
He was promoted to vice admiral on 1 January 2002 before assuming the position of Deputy Chief of Staff, Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe (SHAPE) in October 2002.
From 2005 to 2008 he commanded Allied Maritime Command Naples. After his retirement he was appointed Managing Director of Marconi spa.
# Carmen Borgia

Carmen Borgia is a singer, songwriter, sound mixer and film sound designer residing in New York City. He was born February 3, 1959 in Jacksonville, Florida.

## Music

His music tends toward songs or soundtracks. Recent recordings are "North" and "The Red Circle Line", released by Arctos Records. In 2009 a theatrical musical, "South", was commissioned by Dixon Place in New York City.
Recent film scores include "The Bentfootes", directed by Kriota Willberg. Past music projects include the bands "Orson Welk", "Some Ambulants" and "The Secret Sons Of The Pope". He has composed music for numerous theatrical productions at The Western Stage in Salinas, California, including the 1989 production of "East of Eden".

## Writing

He is a contributing editor to The Digital Filmmaker Web site where he has written articles relating to the craft of film sound.

## Albums

* This Is Orson Welk (1986)
* North (2003)
* The Red Circle Line (2009)

## Directing (theatre)

In late 2024, he directed the Scott Carter penned "The Gospel According to Thomas Jefferson, Charles Dickens and Count Leo Tolstoy: Discord" at the Bridge Street Theatre in Catskill, NY. Carmen also designed the sets for this production. This play marked his debut as a director for theatre.
# Big dumb booster

Big Dumb Booster (BDB) is a general class of launch vehicle based on the premise that it is cheaper to operate large rockets of simple design than it is to operate smaller, more complex ones regardless of the lower payload efficiency. As referred to by the Office of Technology Assessment:
   The term Big Dumb Booster has been applied to a wide variety of concepts for low-cost launch vehicles, especially those that would use "low technology" approaches to engines and propellant tanks in the booster stage. As used here, it refers to the criterion of designing launch systems for minimum cost by using simplified subsystems where appropriate.
Even though the large minimum-cost design (MCD) booster is less efficient for all around operation, its total cost of operation is cheaper because it is easier to build, operate and maintain, with the benefit of high reliability because of reduced parts counts.

## History

Concept work was led by proponents at Aerospace Corporation, TRW, and Aerojet General, beginning in the late 1950s. The typical approach included maraging steel (HY-140) for structure, pressure-fed engines using N$_2$O$_4$ / UDMH, later LOX /RP-1, with pintle injectors scaled up from TRW's Lunar Module Descent Engine (LMDE).
The Sea Dragon was an extremely large BDB/MCD 2-stage launch vehicle defined by Robert Truax and others at Aerojet. Space Technology Laboratories, Inc. (TRW) contributed to the design effort. It was to be able to carry a payload of over 500 metric tons into low Earth orbit.
TRW (now Northrop Grumman) developed and fired several engines, including their TR-106, a robust, low-cost engine of 2890 kN (650 klb) thrust to demonstrate the engine technology readiness. TRW also defined a low-cost shuttle-surrogate booster to launch 29 metric tons into a 28-degree orbit at a cost of about $59 million.
Beal Aerospace furthered the quintessential BDB/MCD with their BA-1 and BA-2 launch vehicles.

## Minimum cost design

The MCD methodology was developed by Arthur Schnitt. It is a process of making trade analyses to understand the cost versus mass implications. It is not a specific design choice like pressure-fed engines or single engine per stage. The process shows how to reduce costs by allowing mass to increase where there is a favorable impact on life-cycle cost. Some of the early design concepts were referred to as big dumb boosters, not necessarily in a favorable manner.
The cost of a launch vehicle relative to the payload mass (e.g. dollars per kilogram to orbit) can be determined from the rocket equation, along with mass ratios and cost ratios. As low-tech rocket hardware gets heavier (such as the mass of tanks relative to propellants and the mass of engines relative to thrust), the cost of that hardware (dollars per kg of material) must become vastly cheaper, which explains why a big dumb booster would likely be impractical.
# National Hotel (Washington, D.C.)

The National Hotel was a hotel in Washington, D.C. It was located on the northeastern corner of the intersection of Pennsylvania Avenue and 6th Street NW. John Gadsby had it built in 1826. The hotel was sold to the city in 1929, and it was demolished in 1942.
In 1857, there was an outbreak of a mysterious illness at the hotel.
During the Civil War, Confederate sympathizers met there.
There were many notable people who resided at the National during their years in Washington. Two prominent politicians who lived here were Thomas W. Ferry and Henry Clay (who died at the National).
John Wilkes Booth had been staying at the National Hotel, in Room 228, the night that he assassinated Abraham Lincoln.
# Bazaar of Peja

Bazaar of Peja (Albanian: Çarshia e Pejës; Serbian: Пазар у Пећи / Pazar u Peći) or Peja market is a market place in the center of the city of Peja, in Kosovo. It was established during Ottoman rule and is located near the Lumbardhi i Pejës river, between parallel residence zones. The market historically housed blacksmiths and carpenters but also facilitated the agricultural market. The market place was completely destroyed at least twice, once during the Italian occupation in 1943, and once during the Kosovo War (1998–99). The market was fully rebuilt after the Kosovo War, according to the historical Ottoman architecture, and serves as the main market in the city of Peja, and is one of the many monuments which are under protection by the Republic of Kosovo. The main street of the market is known in Albanian as Çarshia e Gjatë (English: Long Bazaar).

## Gallery

* Bazaar of Peja shown with many shops closed on a Sunday
* Bazaar of Peja closed on a Sunday
* Bazaar of Peja
# Palazzo Arese

Palazzo Arese (also known as Palazzo Arese Lucini and Palazzo Arese Pallavicini) was a 16th century baroque palace and seat of a branch of the House of Arese in Milan, Italy. It was located adjacent to Casa Fontana Silvestri near the Porta Orientale (today Corso Venezia n°8). The palazzo was demolished in 1943 following damage sustained during the bombing of Milan in World War II.
Between 1565 and 1571 the Serbelloni family bought and demolished several houses on the site and originally built the palace in the baroque style. On 13 October 1679, Marco Arese (1637-1695), senator, supreme regent of the Council of Italy, and president of the ordinary magistrate, bought the property from Carlo Francesco Serbelloni, exchanging it in part with a palace and other buildings once belonging to Bartolomeo III Arese. From 1679 the home hosted the governor of the State of Milan, Paolo Spinola, marquis de los Balbases, count of Melgar. The facade was remodelled in the neoclassical style between 1810 and 1814 by Innocente Domenico Giusti on the recommendation of city authorities and the Napoleonic viceroy as part of the renovation of the Corso di Porta Orientale.
General Giovanni Francesco Arese (1642 – 1721) displayed his notable collection of paintings in the house, including works by Rubens, Titian, van Dyck, Ribera, Bronzino, Parmigianino, and Moroni. Much of the collection was sold in 1812, during the building's renovation, to Prince Eugène de Beauharnais, viceroy of the Kingdom of Italy. In this same period, the palazzo was home to Antonietta Fagnani Arese (1778–1847), the subject of Ugo Foscolo's ode "All'amica risanata." Foscolo describes the palazzo in numerous letters to the countess of Barlassina.
During the air raids of 1943, much of the interior of the building was seriously damaged by a fire, while the external architecture of the courtyard and the monumental staircase were only slightly damaged. The current building at 8 Corso Venezia is said to retain one of Palazzo's neoclassical balconies in its facade.

## Gallery

* Osvaldo Lissoni, A door of Palazzo Arese Pallavicini, 1911–1917, Milan, Italy
* Osvaldo Lissoni, A door of Palazzo Arese Pallavicini, 1924–1925, Milan, Italy
* Corso Venezia with Palazzo Arese in the background
* Corso Venezia with Casa Fontana Silvestri and Palazzo Arese behind it.
# Microsoft Explorer

Microsoft Explorer may refer to the following products by Microsoft:
* Internet Explorer, a web browser
* File Explorer, officially called Windows Explorer, a file manager system
# Xizhimen

Xizhimen (Chinese: 西直门; pinyin: Xīzhímén) was a gate in the Beijing city wall and is now a transportation node in Beijing. The gate was the entrance of drinking water for the Emperor, coming from the Jade Spring Hills to the west of Beijing. The gate was demolished in 1969.

## Transportation

The 2nd Ring Road links with Xizhimen Outer Street, which has recently been transformed into a city express road, linking the western 2nd Ring Road via Beijing Zoo to the 3rd Ring Road. A triple-arched highrise building is a noticeable landmark at the intersection.
The Beijing North railway station is in the Xizhimen area.
Line 2, Line 4 and Line 13 of the Beijing Subway network all stop at Xizhimen Station. A transfer passage with escalators allows for direct transfers between the three Lines. Line 13 has its western terminus at Xizhimen.
Xizhimen is served by many Beijing public buses. Bus routes 16, 360, 362, 275, 438, 534, 563, 632, 651, 特15, and 夜21 all have terminals in the Xizhemen area.
A bridge is named after the region (Xizhimen Bridge). The bridge has a northern connection bridge built in the late 1970s. It will be removed and be replaced soon. The main Xizhimen Bridge, built also in the 1970s, once stood a rather frightening 5.5 m (it was then, and still is now, for the record, the tallest bridge on the 2nd Ring Road) and had three layers, with the top layer acting as a roundabout. Demolition of the old central bridge took place in 1999 by means of structural removal instead of a major bridge explosion. It was replaced with a series of new bridges which bear no resemblance to the old bridge.

## Xihuan Plaza and Xizhimen Project

In 2008 due to the Olympic Games, a reform in Xizhimen Transportation hub, was finished, a masterplan willing to integrate the new Xizhimen, Offices and Commercial building, with the Xihuan Plaza, and both train and subway station. Several Chinese and International Companies took part on the design and construction of the plan. In Xihuan Plaza & Xizhimen Transportation Hub, Li Xinggang, as the chief designer, presided the engineering design and particular work. The constructions were inaugurated just in time for the Olympic Games.
# Bouchra Karboubi

Bouchra Karboubi (Arabic: بشرى كربوبي; born on 15 May 1987) is a Moroccan international association football referee, who has officiated in several matches during the final phase of both men's and women's continental competitions.

## Biography

She was born in 1987 in Taza in the northeast of Morocco, the youngest of five siblings. She started playing football in the youth category for a small team. In 2001, an arbitration school for men and women opened in her city. She became interested, stating: "I loved football, but I thought to myself: why not? It allowed me not to give up my passion, to learn the rules of the game...", even though her brothers initially reacted negatively. She mentioned: "I lived in a city where it's hchouma (shameful) for a girl to wear shorts to go on the field and mingle with men".
In 2007, Morocco created a national women's football championship. She had the opportunity to become a national referee, leaving Taza for Meknes, a much larger city neighboring Fes. "My family understood that it was serious and professional for me. One day my father came to see me at training in Meknes. That's when he ordered my brothers to respect my choice." She started refereeing in the first and second Moroccan women's divisions at the age of 19. Almost 10 years later, in 2016, she reached a new level by becoming an international referee.
In 2018, she participated in refereeing a continental competition for the first time, with a match in the final tournament of the 2018 Women's Africa Cup of Nations, held in Ghana, opposing Zambia to Equatorial Guinea. In 2020, she became the first woman to officiate a match in the top division of the men's professional championship in Morocco (Botola Pro). Later, she was designated as a member of the refereeing staff in the final match of the 2021 AFCON between Senegal and Egypt in Cameroon as a video assistant referee, and also officiated the final of the Moroccan Throne Cup.
Selected as one of the referees for the 2023 AFCON, in January 2024, she became the first woman from North Africa and the Arab world to officiate a men's AFCON match by refereeing the match between Guinea-Bissau and Nigeria in third day of the group stage.
On April 3, 2024, FIFA announced that Karboubi was appointed to officiating pool for the 2024 Summer Olympics in Paris. She was assigned the opening round Group C match between Spain and Japan.
# Béni Mellal-Khénifra

Béni Mellal-Khénifra (Arabic: بني ملال - خنيفرة, romanized: banī mallāl - ḵunayfira) is one of the twelve regions of Morocco, covering an area of 28,374 km$^2$, and recorded a population of 2,520,776 in the 2014 Moroccan census. The capital of the region is Beni Mellal.

## Geography

Béni Mellal-Khénifra is located in the interior of the country. It borders Rabat-Salé-Kénitra to the north, Fès-Meknès to the northeast, Drâa-Tafilalet to the southeast, Marrakesh-Safi to the southwest, and Casablanca-Settat to the northwest. In the western and central part of the region is the productive Tadla plPlainrrigated by the Oum Er-Rbia River. This plain is bracketed by the High Atlas mountains which run through the southern and eastern parts of the region, and the foothills of the Middle Atlas to the north.

## History

Béni Mellal-Khénifra was formed in September 2015 by adding Khouribga Province of Chaouia-Ouardigha region and Khénifra Province of Meknès-Tafilalet region to the three provinces previously making up the region of Tadla-Azilal.

## Government

Ibrahim Moujahid, a member of the Authenticity and Modernity Party, was elected as the regional council's first president on 14 September 2015. Mohamed Derdouri was appointed governor (wali) of the region on 13 October 2015.

### Subdivisions

Béni Mellal-Khénifra comprises five provinces:
* Azilal Province
* Béni Mellal Province
* Fquih Ben Salah Province
* Khénifra Province
* Khouribga Province

## Economy

Agriculture comprises the majority of the region's economy. Major crops include cereals, beetroot, olives, citrus fruits, and pomegranates; the production of milk and meat is also substantial. The Ouled Abdoun Basin near Khouribga holds 44% of Morocco's phosphate reserves.

## Infrastructure

The A4 expressway connects the region with the rest of the national expressway network, passing through the cities of Beni Mellal, Oued Zem an, d Khouribga as it heads northwest to Berrechid just south of Casablanca. National Route 8 is another important highway, connecting Beni Mellal and Khenifra with Marrakesh in the southeast and Fez in the northwest. Beni Mellal Airport is served by Royal Air Maroc, and there is a rail line with passenger service that runs between Oued Zem, Khouribga, and Casablanca.
# Kłodobok

Kłodobok is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Kamiennik, within Nysa County, Opole Voivodeship, in south-western Poland. It lies approximately 6 kilometres (4 mi) east of Kamiennik, 13 km (8 mi) north-west of Nysa, and 53 km (33 mi) west of the regional capital Opole.
# Austrotrachyceras

Austrotrachyceras is a genus of ammonite cephalopod, belonging to the order Ceratitida.
The family to which Austrotrachyceras belongs, Trachyceratidae involute, highly ornamented shells and ceratitic to ammonitic sutures.
# Paul Harrison

Paul Harrison may refer to:
* Paul Harrison (1920s American football coach), American football coach
* Paul Harrison (American football coach, born c. 1949)
* Paul Harrison (Australian footballer) (1944–2005), Australian footballer for South Melbourne
* Paul Harrison (English cricketer) (born 1984), English cricketer
* Paul Harrison (footballer, born 1984), English footballer
* Paul Harrison (ice hockey) (born 1955), retired Canadian ice hockey goaltender
* Paul Harrison (Jamaican cricketer) (born 1988), Jamaican cricketer
* Paul Harrison (musician) (born 1975), British jazz pianist
* Paul Harrison (pantheist), British environmentalist and president of the World Pantheist Movement
* Paul Harrison (racing driver) (born 1969), British racing driver
* Paul Harrison (weightlifter) (born 1966), Australian Olympic weightlifter
* Paul Carter Harrison (1936-2022), American playwright and professor
* Paul Phillips Harrison (1882–1950), Canadian politician in the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia
# Crocidura kornfeldi

Crocidura kornfeldi is an extinct species of shrew that inhabited Central and Southern Europe between the Pliocene and Pleistocene. It is the first species of the widespread, extremely speciose genus Crocidura known with certainty to have colonized Europe. It is a widespread, well-documented species, with fossils known from Spain, Italy, Greece, Hungary, Romania, and Crimea.
C. kornfeldi went extinct early in the Pleistocene, disappearing from the Iberian Peninsula around the boundary between the Early and Middle Pleistocene, possibly due to competition with newly-arriving species such as the modern greater white-toothed shrew (C. russula), lesser white-toothed shrew (C. suaveolens), and bicolored shrew (C. leucodon). However, the extant Cretan shrew (C. zimmermanni) bears a very close morphological similarity to C. kornfeldi, and for this reason may be a relict descendant of C. kornfeldi.
# Protoxinjiangchelys

Protoxinjiangchelys is an extinct genus of xinjiangchelyid turtle known from the Early to Late Jurassic of China (Xintiangou Formation and possibly also the Shaximiao Formation). It is known from the single species P. salis, which was named and described in 2012. It contains only the holotype, ZDM 3009, which consists of a complete shell with an articulated carapace and a complete plastron and possibly another, older specimen.
# Pseudochama

Pseudochama is a species of bivalve mollusc in the family Chamidae.

## Fossil records

The genus is known from the Eocene to the Recent periods (age range: from 40.4 to 0.0 million years ago). Fossils shells have been found all over the world.

## Species

Species within this genus include:
* Pseudochama cristella (Lamarck, 1819)
* Pseudochama exogyra (Conrad, 1837) – Pacific jewelbox
* Pseudochama granti Strong, 1934 – deep jewelbox
* Pseudochama gryphina (Lamarck, 1819)
* Pseudochama inezae Bayer, 1943 – alabaster jewelbox
* Pseudochama radians (Lamarck, 1819) – Atlantic jewelbox (accepted as Pseudochama cristella Lamarck, 1819)
Synonyms:
* Chama cornuta Dillwyn, 1817 and Chama gryphina Lamarck, 1819 have been accepted as Pseudochama gryphina.