OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Olga Bogatyreva

Olga Bogatyreva (born 1 June 1980) is a Kyrgyzstani swimmer. She competed in the women's 200 metre individual medley and women's 4 × 200 metre freestyle relay events at the 1996 Summer Olympics.
# Lawrence Paros

Lawrence Paros (February 21, 1934 – July 3, 2019) was an American author and educator, best known for his work in alternative education.

## Biography

Paros was born in Springfield, Massachusetts on February 21, 1934. He received a Bachelor of Arts in History and Political Science at University of Massachusetts in Amherst. In 1958, Paros received a Master of Arts in American Diplomatic History and Russian Studies at Yale University.
Paros died on July 3, 2019, at the age of 85.

## Career

Paros taught high school in several places before becoming the chair of the History Department at Wilbur Cross High School in New Haven, Connecticut. While there, he developed an area-wide program on contemporary issues for high school students, which was described in a featured article in the Yale Alumni Magazine.
Paros was then appointed the director of the Yale Summer High School, a project to identify, recruit and educate talented youths living in poverty nationwide. 40 years later, he interviewed former students and staff members of the project, for a documentary film entitled Walk Right In, which was screened at a number of film festivals and educational facilities.

### Alternative education

In Providence, Rhode Island, Paros established and directed two experimental schools: the Alternate Learning Project (ALP) and School One. The school was the subject of Hilda Calabro's Diversity or Conformity in the American High School.

### Written and online work

Paros published works include Dancing on the Contradictions, a book about transformation in schools. His other published works include The Black and the Blue: The Story of the Other Yale, The Great American Cliché, The Erotic Tongue (Madrona and Henry Holt and Company), Bawdy Language (Kvetch Press), and Smashcaps (Avon).
His column, A Word with You, written in the early days of the internet, later served as the basis of a two volume work: A Word with You America.
Paros was also an op-ed page columnist for the Seattle Post-Intelligencer and a commentator on KUOW-FM in Seattle. His later works include three films: The Journey, the story of an immigrant's trek to America, Walk Right In, the story of the Yale Summer High School, and a short animated film, "Bawdy: The Movie."
# East Rand

26°10′38″S 28°13′19″E﻿ / ﻿26.17722°S 28.22194°E﻿ / -26.17722; 28.22194
The East Rand is a major urban area located in the Gauteng province of South Africa. It is the urban eastern part of Witwatersrand that is functionally merged with the Johannesburg conurbation. The region extends from Alberton in the west to Springs in the east, and south down to Nigel. It includes the towns of Bedfordview, Benoni, Boksburg, Brakpan, Edenvale, Germiston, Kempton Park, Linksfield and Modderfontein. The East Rand is known as the transport hub of Johannesburg and includes Africa's largest and second busiest airport, OR Tambo International Airport.
After the end of apartheid, the municipal governments of the towns of the East Rand were combined (excluding Modderfontein and Linksfield), and eventually merged into a single administration: the City of Ekurhuleni Metropolitan Municipality.

## History

This area became settled by Europeans after a gold-bearing reef was discovered in 1886 and sparked the gold rush that gave rise to the establishment of Johannesburg. As part of the restructuring of municipalities in South Africa at the time, the local governments of the East Rand (excluding Modderfontein and Linksfield) were merged into a single municipality in 1999, called the City of Ekurhuleni Metropolitan Municipality (ekurhuleni meaning "place of peace" in Tsonga).
Despite having a separate municipal government, like the West Rand, the East Rand is included as part of the Witwatersrand urban area. To this end, the East Rand shares the same dialling code as Johannesburg (011 locally) and the same metropolitan route numbering system as Johannesburg (and the West Rand). It is not uncommon for residents of the East Rand to work in Johannesburg proper and vice versa.
# Bandana (disambiguation)

A bandana is a cloth also known as a kerchief.
Bandana or bandanna may also refer to:
* Bandana (pop band)
* Bandana (country band)
* Bandana, Kentucky, a small town in the United States
* Bandana (album), second studio album by hip hop duo MadGibbs
* Bandanna, Pennsylvania, unincorporated area in York County, Pennsylvania, United States
* Bandanna (opera) by Daron Hagen
* Bandana (song), a single by Fireboy DML and Asake
# Robert Bell (Toronto politician)

Robert Bell (June 8, 1832 – February 11, 1907) was a politician in Ontario, Canada. He was a Conservative member of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario from 1875 to 1883 who represented the riding of Toronto West.
He was born in Toronto, the son of John Bell, a building contractor who came from Ireland in 1823. In 1853, Robert Bell married Matilda Clegg. He was chairman of the board of Waterworks Commissioners in Toronto from 1874 to 1877 and also served on the city council from 1860 to 1873. He was deputy Grand Master of the Royal Black chapter of Orangemen of British America in 1875.

## Electoral history

vte1875 Ontario general election: Toronto West :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Conservative | Robert Bell | 2,145 | 50.71 | |
| | Liberal | W. Thomson | 2,085 | 49.29 | −47.85 |
| Total valid votes | Total valid votes | Total valid votes | 4,230 | 55.31 |
| Eligible voters | Eligible voters | Eligible voters | 7,648 |
| | Conservative gain from Liberal | Conservative gain from Liberal | Swing | Swing | +23.93 |
| Source: Elections Ontario |||||||
# Percival Chubb

Percival Ashley Chubb (June 17, 1860 in Devonport, Plymouth–1959) was a founding member of the Fabian Society, an influential British socialist organization that aims to advance the principles of democratic socialism via gradualist and reformist effort in democracies.
Born in 1860, Chubb attended the Stationers' School in London. He entered the civil service in 1878, joining the legal department of the Local Government Board. In 1884, he helped found the Fabian Society, calling a series of meetings that led to the organization's founding. Two years later, he joined the Ethical Society.
In 1889, Chubb emigrated to the United States, where he took a series of teaching jobs: first, lecturer at Thomas Davidson's School of the Cultural Sciences in Farmington, Connecticut; then lecturer at the Brooklyn Academy of Arts and Sciences (1890-1892); Head of English, Brooklyn Manual Training High School (1893-1897); second-grade principal of New York Society's Ethical Culture School (1897); lecturer at the Pratt Institute and New York University, New York. From 1897 to 1910, he was the associate leader of the Society for Ethical Culture of New York.
He married his second wife, Anna Sheldon, the widow of Walter Sheldon, founder of the St. Louis Ethical Society, which Chubb would lead from 1911 to 1932.
Chubb was the president of the Drama League of America from 1915-1920. He retired in 1932, but served as president of the American Ethical Union from 1934 to 1939.
His publications and related work include editing John Dryden's Palamon and Arcite, a translation of The Knight's Tale of Chaucer (New York, 1908); On the religious frontier: from an outpost of ethical religion (Macmillan Co, New York, 1931); The teaching of English in the elementary and secondary school (Macmillan Co, new York, 1902); and Introduction to Select writings of Ralph Waldo Emerson (1888); editor of Essays of Montaigne (1893).
Chubb died in 1960.
# Hon-Ishikura Station

Hon-Ishikura Station (本石倉駅, Hon-Ishikura-eki) was a railway station in Mori, Kayabe District, Hokkaidō Prefecture, Japan. The station closed on March 12, 2022.

## Lines

* Hokkaido Railway Company
** Hakodate Main Line Station H59
# Namir, Yemen

Namir is a town in south-western Yemen. It is located in the Abyan Governorate.
# Josias Rowley

Admiral Sir Josias Rowley, 1st Baronet, GCB, GCMG (1765 – 10 January 1842) was a Royal Navy officer and politician who served in the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars.

## Birth and family

Rowley was born in 1765 the second son of Clotworthy Rowley and Letitia (née Campbell), of Mountcampbell, Drumsna, County Leitrim, in the West of Ireland. His father was a Barrister and MP for Downpatrick in the Irish Parliament. His paternal grandfather was Admiral of the Fleet Sir William Rowley, KCB. He had at least one brother William, MP for Kinsale and Recorder of Kinsale.

## Naval career

He joined the Royal Navy in 1778, age 13, on HMS Suffolk in the West Indies, under the command of his uncle, Sir Joshua Rowley.
Promoted to post captain in 1795, age 30, he commanded HMS Braave (40 guns) at the Cape of Good Hope and then HMS Imperieuse (38 guns) in the East Indies. He also commanded HMS Raisonnable (64 guns) and took part in the Battle of Cape Finisterre in 1805. In 1798 he became the Member of the Irish House of Commons for Downpatrick.
In 1808 he became commander-in-chief, Cape of Good Hope Station. In 1809, as commodore of a small squadron off Mauritius, working with the commander of the East India Company troops at Rodrigues, he successfully raided the island of Réunion.
In March 1810 he moved into HMS Boadicea (38 guns) and transported a larger landing party to Réunion and captured the island. Meanwhile, a force led by Captain Samuel Pym RN was being out-flanked by French frigates attacking Grand Port, Mauritius. HMS Africaine was captured by the French frigates Iphigénie and Astrée in the engagement. Rowley then re-captured Africaine the same day. Vice-Admiral Albemarle Bertie arrived on 29 November and took the surrender of Mauritius on 3 December 1810.
Rowley was then given command of HMS America (74 guns) in the Mediterranean. He was created a baronet in December 1813, promoted rear-admiral in 1814 and appointed KCB in 1815.
In the summer of 1815, age 50, with his flagship Impregnable (98 guns), under Lord Exmouth he sailed once more to the Mediterranean. In 1818 he was appointed commander-in-chief on the Cork Station. In 1821 he became MP for Kinsale, County Cork. Promoted to vice-admiral in 1825, he was made commander-in-chief, Mediterranean Fleet in 1833.

## Death at home

He died on 10 January 1842, about age 76, in the Mount Campbell family estate at Drumsna in County Leitrim. He was buried and commemorated at the nearby Annaduff Parish Church. He was unmarried, without heir to his titles. He was survived by his younger brothers Vice Admiral Samuel Rowley (also commemorated within Annaduff Parish Church) and The Reverend John Rowley, incumbent rector at Virginia in County Cavan. The eldest brother William, Recorder of Kinsale, had died in 1812.

## In literature

The 1809-1810 campaign was used by author Patrick O'Brian as the setting for the fourth in the series of Aubrey–Maturin series books, The Mauritius Command. The fictional Captain Jack Aubrey takes the place of Rowley in the novel.
# F. Ross Johnson

Frederick Ross Johnson, OC (December 13, 1931 – December 29, 2016) was a Canadian businessman, best known as the chief executive officer of RJR Nabisco in the 1980s.

## Early life and education

Born in Winnipeg, Manitoba, on December 13, 1931, into a lower-middle-class family, Johnson used a military cadet scholarship program to attend the University of Manitoba, where he graduated in 1952 with a Bachelor of Commerce degree and was President of the fraternity Phi Delta Theta. He went on to earn an MBA from the University of Toronto in 1956.

## Career

Johnson first worked as an accountant for General Electric in Montreal and as a vice-president of merchandising for the T. Eaton Company before being named president of Standard Brands Ltd.
Johnson negotiated a merger between Standard Brands and Nabisco with Nabisco CEO Bob Schaeberle in 1981. Soon after, Schaeberle left Nabisco, and Johnson took the helm, replacing many Nabisco executives with ones from Standard Brands. Growing restless, he initiated talks that led to the Nabisco-RJ Reynolds merger in 1985. He was soon appointed president and CEO of RJR Nabisco. Johnson appeared on the December 5, 1988, cover of Time magazine under the headline "A Game of Greed". After dismal stock performance following the 1987 stock market crash, Johnson decided to put the company in play. Originally, he planned to execute a management-led leveraged buyout with Shearson Lehman Hutton. Events quickly escalated into a takeover contest.
He was extensively profiled in the book Barbarians at the Gate: The Fall of RJR Nabisco by Wall Street Journal columnists Bryan Burrough and John Helyar, and in the movie of the same name made for HBO. In the film, Johnson was portrayed by James Garner.
Following the RJR Nabisco takeover by Kohlberg Kravis Roberts & Co. led by Henry Kravis, Johnson started his own private investment company, RJM Group, Inc., based in Atlanta, Georgia. Until he resigned in March 2009, he was chairman of AuthentiDate Holding Corp., a United States publicly traded company. He served on the board of directors of several companies including Bentley Pharmaceuticals. Johnson also served on the advisory board of Power Corporation of Canada.

## Personal life

Johnson maintained homes in La Jolla, California and Jupiter, Florida.
He was made a trustee of Duke University and served on the advisory councils of several universities. The Distinguished Visitors Program at the University of Toronto Centre for the Study of the United States was endowed by Johnson in 2001.

## Death

Johnson died on December 29, 2016, at his home in Jupiter, Florida, seventeen days after his 85th birthday from pneumonia.
# Thanksgiving Turkey (Grandma Moses)

Thanksgiving Turkey is a 1943 oil painting by the American outsider painter Grandma Moses, produced at age 83 and signed "Moses". It has been in the collection of the Metropolitan Museum of Art since 1950.
It shows a scene of the artist's impression of catching a Thanksgiving turkey, a subject she returned to many times in her career as an artist of "old timey" subjects. It was often in demand as a variation on her popular theme of "over the river to grandma's house", which was generally a scene of figures in a horse-drawn sleigh crossing a stream. The figures are in the snow by a shed trying to catch a turkey.
# Terme di Saturnia

42°39′29.21″N 11°30′58.35″E﻿ / ﻿42.6581139°N 11.5162083°E﻿ / 42.6581139; 11.5162083
The Terme di Saturnia are a group of thermal springs located in the municipality of Manciano in Italy, a few kilometers from the village of Saturnia. The springs that feed the baths, which are found in the south-eastern valley, cover a vast territory that stretches from Mount Amiata and the hills of Fiora and Albegna rivers to the Maremma grossetana at Roselle (Terme di Roselle) and Talamone (Terme dell'Osa).

## Toponym

One legend, according to the Etruscans and Romans, was that the Terme di Saturnia were formed by lightning bolts, thrown by Jupiter. During a violent quarrel between the two mythological deities, the bolts thrown towards Saturn had missed, causing the hot springs travertine formations.

## Location

Located in the town of Saturnia within the Grosseto Province, the hot springs are sited within this ancient town site, founded by Etruscans in the 4th-century BC. Saturnia is allegedly the first community to be founded in Italy. The springs are adjacent to hot springs at Cascade del Mulino, both are located in the Maremma area. There is an ancient necropolis built by the Etruscans nearby. The area around the hot springs provide habitat for fox, wild boars, wolves and hedgehogs.

## Water profile

The sulphurous geothermal spring water is at a temperature of around 37.5 °C (99.5 °F).
The main thermal waterfalls are the Mill Falls, located at an old mill as well as the Waterfalls of Gorello.
The yield of the source is about 800 liters per second, which guarantees an optimal replacement of water. The chemical make-up is sulfur, carbon, sulfate, bicarbonate-alkaline, earth, with the presence of hydrogen sulfide gas and carbon dioxide. It is claimed, since ancient Roman times, that the hot mineral water has balneotheraputic properties.
# Spotted prawn goby

Amblyeleotris guttata, the spotted prawn-goby is a species of goby native to reefs of the Western Pacific Ocean, that includes the Philippines to Tonga, north to the Ryukyu Islands, south to Australia.
This species can reach a length of 11 centimetres (4.3 in) SL. It can also be found in the aquarium trade.
# Birchmount Stadium

Birchmount Stadium is a multi-purpose outdoor sports facility in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It is located near Kingston Road and Birchmount Road in the former city of Scarborough. Its original capacity was 6,345, and it was built for what was then the Borough of Scarborough.
The stadium plays host to many amateur sporting events including football, soccer, rugby league and athletics.
It most recently played host to the opening round of Canada Rugby League's Ontario conference.
It played host to the University of Toronto's Varsity Blues Football team in 2002 and 2006 while their Varsity Stadium was being demolished and rebuilt. It also previously played host to the Metro Lions.
It also serves as the primary stadium for the annual Robbie International Soccer Tournament, which bills itself as "the world's largest annual charitable youth soccer tournament." The Canadian band Barenaked Ladies notably name-dropped the stadium and the tournament at the end of their 1998 #1 hit, "One Week", singing "Birchmount Stadium, home of the Robbie" as the song's closing line.
The east grandstand of the stadium was demolished in the spring of 2006, reducing seating capacity to about 2,000. The original grass field and running track were removed. A new track and artificial turf for football/soccer were installed during the summer of 2006. The newly renovated Birchmount Stadium opened up for the first time as a premier facility on September 15, 2006. They hosted the University of Toronto Varsity Blues vs Waterloo. Birchmount Park Collegiate Institute also uses the stadium for its home football, rugby, soccer and field hockey games in the Toronto District Secondary School Athletic Association.
On September 2, 1996, Diego Maradona played for Toronto Italia in one of his last professional appearances.
Since 2014, the Soccer club Scarborough SC of the Canadian Soccer League has played their home games at Birchmount Stadium.
As of 2016, Birchmount Stadium is the home ground of League1 Ontario team, Toronto Skillz FC.

## Gallery

* The electronic scoreboard at the Kingston Road side
* The stadium headboard
# Marciano Bruma

Marciano van Homoet Bruma (born Marciano van Homoet; 7 March 1984) is a Dutch professional footballer who plays as a defender for Derde Klasse club Zwarte Pijl [nl].

## Club career
### Barnsley

Van Homoet was signed by Barnsley on 8 June 2007. He was originally known as Bruma, but was forced to change his name in September 2007, by the FA when Barnsley sent in his registration, after he completed a successful trial period with them at the start of the season.
When he broke his hand he had a plate screwed onto his second metacarpal in an hour-long surgery, the plate is a permanent attachment and can not be removed.
After breaking a bone in his hand during pre-season, Van Homoet made his Barnsley debut in December 2007 against Sheffield United.
During his first season at Oakwell, he played as a substitute in the memorable win over Premier League side Liverpool in the 2007-08 FA Cup. He then excelled in the subsequent quarter-final victory against Chelsea and also played at Wembley in the Semi-Final against Cardiff City.
His second season with the Oakwell outfit did not get off to a very good start; getting himself sent off in the first match of the 2008/09 season vs Queens Park Rangers.

### Willem II

He was released in July 2009 when his contract expired. He then signed a deal with Dutch side Willem II.

### Arka Gdynia

He signed a two-year contract with Polish club Arka Gdynia on 9 July 2010. He was released from Arka Gdynia on 30 June 2011.

### Lech Poznań

On 18 August 2011 Bruma signed a one-year contract with Polish side Lech Poznań, only to leave them after one year for Dutch amateur side Rijnsburgse Boys.
He was snapped up by Excelsior Maassluis in summer 2014 and left them for Hoofdklasse club XerxesDZB in 2016.

## Personal life

Marciano is the older brother of VfL Wolfsburg player Jeffrey Bruma.
He had always been known as Marciano Bruma in the Netherlands, after dropping his father’s surname as a young child when his parents split up. But the FA insisted he should use the name on his birth certificate, so in England he played as Marciano van Homoet.
# José Díaz Morales

José Díaz Morales (1908-1976) was a Spanish screenwriter and film director. He emigrated to Mexico in the latter half of the 1930s following the outbreak of the Spanish Civil War.

## Selected filmography
### Director

* Jesus of Nazareth [es] (1942)
* Christopher Columbus (1943)
* Adultery (1945)
* Life on a Thread (1945)
* Strange Obsession (1947)
* A Gypsy in Jalisco (1947)
* Madam Temptation (1948)
* Peace (1949)
* The Captain from Loyola (1949)
* The Dangerous Age (1950)
* The Troublemaker (1950)
* Beauty Salon (1951)
* Private Secretary (1952)
* The Troublemaker (1963)
# Fuyan Cave

Fuyan Cave (Chinese: 福岩洞) is a complex of limestone caves in Tangbei village, Lefutang town, Daoxian, Hunan province, south central China famous for the discovery of the oldest evidence for unambiguously fully modern humans outside Africa. 47 human teeth, dating to between 80,000 and 120,000 years ago, were discovered at Fuyan Cave. The teeth are also unusual for showing signs of cavities, a feature typically not found in teeth older than 50,000 years. However, a later study focusing on autosomal DNA analysis of the remains challenged this assertion, and found that the remains were younger than previously suspected.

## Geology

Fuyan consists of three caves connected by tunnels. The cave system has a volume of 3,000 m$^3$ (110,000 cu ft) and ranges over 3 km$^2$ (1.2 sq mi).

## Discovery

Fuyan Cave was discovered in 1984. The cave is located at latitude 25°39′02.7″N, longitude 111°28′49.2″E, at 232 m above sea level.
The cave was excavated in 2011 over an area of 20 m$^2$ (220 sq ft). The 2011 excavation revealed 5 hominin teeth and fossil remains from 39 different mammalians species, including some extinct ones. The cave was excavated in 2011 and in 2013. The teeth were all discovered in the middle cave.

## Dating

The teeth were dated by dating nearby stalagmites. The stalagmites were dated to at least 80,000 years. Since the teeth were found under rock over which the stalagmites had grown, the teeth must be older than 80,000 years old. More recent ancient DNA analysis of these remains indicated that the remains dated instead to the Holocene, although these recent findings are still under review.
Specimen number FY-HT2 (9380±90 BP) in new study was incorrect identified as human teeth. Reconstructions of “deer-like” wear bear no resemblance to the pres-ervational reality of the tooth FY-HT-2.

## Implications

The discovery is important for many reasons. Previous to this discovery, the earliest evidence for fully modern humans outside the Arabian Peninsula (Tianyuan Cave, Niah Cave, Mungo Man) dates to around 40,000 to 50,000 years, so the discovery at Fuyan Cave provides evidence showing that humans migrated out of Africa a lot earlier than previously assumed. Secondly, the finds at Fuyan Cave are much closer to modern humans than they are to contemporary finds at Xujiayao and Qafzeh. Thirdly, the discovery shows that modern humans arrived in southern China when there was an older, more primitive hominin present in northern China. Lastly, the discovery shows that modern humans were present in Asia at a time when there is no evidence for fully modern humans in Europe (43,000 BC), which is perhaps explained by the presence of Neanderthals in Europe preventing the entry of the modern humans.