OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Jørgen Pedersen Gram

Jørgen Pedersen Gram (27 June 1850 – 29 April 1916) was a Danish actuary and mathematician who was born in Nustrup, Duchy of Schleswig, Denmark and died in Copenhagen, Denmark.
Important papers of his include On series expansions determined by the methods of least squares, and Investigations of the number of primes less than a given number. The mathematical method that bears his name, the Gram–Schmidt process, was first published in the former paper, in 1883.
For number theorists his main fame is the series for the Riemann zeta function (the leading function in Riemann's exact prime-counting function). Instead of using a series of logarithmic integrals, Gram's function uses logarithm powers and the zeta function of positive integers. It has recently been supplanted by a formula of Ramanujan that uses the Bernoulli numbers directly instead of the zeta function.
In control theory, the Gramian or Gram matrix is an important contribution named after him. The Controllability Gramian and Observability Gramian are both important in the analysis of the stability of control systems. The Gram matrix is also important in deep learning, where it is used to represent the distribution of features in style transfer.
Gram was the first mathematician to provide a systematic theory of the development of skew frequency curves, showing that the normal symmetric Gaussian error curve was but one special case of a more general class of frequency curves.
Gram's theorem, the Gram–Charlier series, and Gram points are also named after him.
He died on his way to a meeting of the Royal Danish Academy after being struck by a cyclist.
# Sullivan Tower

The Sullivan Tower was a high-rise building in Nashville, Tennessee, United States. It was built between 1940—1953, and demolished in 2018.

## History

The Sullivan Tower was built between 1940 and 1953. It was part of the headquarters of the Southern Baptist Sunday School, later known as LifeWay Christian Resources, until November 2017, when the company moved to the Capitol View area.
The building was imploded by Southwest Value Partners, a real estate development company based in San Diego, California, on July 21, 2018. The developer is expected to develop part of the Nashville Yards where it stood.

## Architectural significance

The building was designed in the Art Deco architectural style. In 2017, after requests from local preservationists, the Nashville Metro Historical Commission recommended its inclusion on the National Register of Historic Places, to no avail.
# Canterbury Society of Arts Gallery

The Canterbury Society of Arts Gallery, was an art gallery in the central city of Christchurch, New Zealand. It consisted of two buildings built in the late 1800s. The buildings were demolished in 2012 due to damage from the Canterbury earthquakes.
Benjamin Mountfort designed the first building in 1890, costing a total of £1,229. It consisted of a large gallery, and some smaller rooms, one that was meant for use as a library. A second building, designed by Richard Harman was completed in 1894.
In 1968 the Canterbury Society of Arts gallery moved to larger premises at 66 Gloucester Street and in 1996, was rebranded CoCA Centre of Contemporary Art, the name it is known by today.

## Demolition

The Ministry of Justice was the tenant of the building during the Canterbury earthquakes of 2010 and 2011. They deemed it too expensive to repair the building and the move to demolish the building was backed by building owners Ngāi Tahu. The Canterbury Earthquake Recovery Authority supported the action citing the old gallery as an earthquake risk.
The New Zealand Historic Places Trust (now Heritage New Zealand) had previously assessed the building and found it largely undamaged.
# 41 Cumberland Road

41 Cumberland Road is the address of Bruce Lee's former home in Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, where he spent his last year with his family. The place was affectionately known as "the Crane's Nest".
It is located in Kowloon City District.

## History

Bruce Lee moved into 41 Cumberland Road with his family in June, July or August 1972. He died in Hong Kong on July 20, 1973.
In 1974, mainland Chinese businessman Yu Pang-lin reportedly bought the property from Golden Harvest studio founder Raymond Chow for about HK$1 million. The property was later converted into a love hotel.
On January 6, 2009, it was announced that Lee's Hong Kong home at 41 Cumberland Road would be preserved and transformed into a tourist site by Yu Pang-lin. Yu died in 2015 and this plan did not materialize.
In 2018, Yu's grandson, Pang Chi-ping, said: "We will convert the mansion into a centre for Chinese studies next year, which provides courses like Mandarin and Chinese music for children."
In July 2019, it was announced that the demolition of the building was imminent. Structural problems making the maintenance of the building "unfeasible" were cited, while a mosaic left by Bruce Lee and four window frames were said to be preserved. The house was finally demolished in September that year. A new structure was built in 2021 and today it is a clubhouse.
# Fraser River (Colorado)

The Fraser River is a tributary of the Colorado River, approximately 32.5 miles (52.3 km) long, in north central Colorado in the United States. It drains a large portion of the Middle Park basin in Grand County in the Rocky Mountains west of Boulder and southwest of Rocky Mountain National Park. It rises at the continental divide on the north side of Berthoud Pass in the Arapaho National Forest. It flows NNW past Winter Park, Fraser, and Tabernash, and joins the Colorado River from the south two miles west of Granby.

## Fishing

The Fraser holds wild rainbows, browns, brooks, and cutthroats. The Fraser River starts near Berthoud Pass. As it runs north for its first 8 miles, it is on National Forest land and is publicly accessible. The river is narrow and shallow here, but worthy of fishing.
From Winter Park to Fraser, the river can be accessed by the Fraser River Trail (hiking or mountain bikes), from USFS campgrounds, or road turnouts. The only exception is as the river flows through private land in the town of Winter Park. You can go fishing in the forested lands, or where the river starts into the valley.
Access to the Fraser River is limited downstream from the town of Fraser. Some of the best fishing is in the canyon downstream from Tabernash, however this is on private land.
# Cochran–Rice Farm Complex

The Cochran–Rice Farm Complex, which included the Dr. Pierce's Pleasant Pellets Barn, is located in Cottage Grove, Oregon. The complex was listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) in 1991. The barn was demolished in 2012 following the expiration of a 20-year easement held by the local historical society.

## History

In 1852, John Cochran settled his Donation Land Claim near what is now Cottage Grove, Oregon. Cochran's land included 643 acres. However, by 1902, Chochran's son, Robert Cochran, owned 23 acres, and this remaining acreage was deeded to Robert's daughter, Martha Rice.
At the time of NRHP listing in 1991, the property included a bungalow style house built in 1910, a garage built in 1989, a shed built in 1900, and a flattened, prairie style barn constructed in 1900. The farm complex included 2.5 remaining acres. The house, shed, and barn were listed as contributing resources in the historic site designation.
In 1912, the barn was painted with an advertisement for Dr. Pierce's Pleasant Pellets. Ray V. Pierce had sold patent medicines in an era prior to the Pure Food and Drug Act, and he relied upon barns and other easily noticed surfaces for low-cost advertising. In exchange for the advertisement, an owner might be compensated with a free coat of paint on a barn. The barn was repaired and repainted prior to NRHP listing.

## Barn demolition

In 2008, new owner Doug Stout acquired the farm complex through foreclosure. At that time, the size of the property had decreased to 1.7 acres. Stout tried to sell the barn to anyone who would move it off his property. He also tried to sell the barn plus 1.3 acres. His attempts to sell the barn were unsuccessful; in 2012, he demolished the building.
The Cochran–Rice Farm Complex remains on the NRHP, although absent its historic barn with the advertisement, "For your liver, Dr. Pierce's Pleasant Pellets."
# Jingyan County

Jingyan (Chinese: 井研; pinyin: Jǐngyán) is a county of Sichuan Province, China. It is under the administration of Leshan city.

## Administrative divisions

Jingyan County comprises 1 subdistrict and 14 towns:

### subdistrict

* Yancheng 研城街道

### towns

* Mata 马踏镇
* Zhuyuan 竹园镇
* Yanjing 研经镇
* Zhoupo 周坡镇
* Qianfo 千佛镇
* Wangcun 王村镇
* Sanjiang 三江镇
* Donglin 东林镇
* Jiyi 集益镇
* Chunfu 纯复镇
* Baowu 宝五镇
* Zhenyang 镇阳镇
* Gaofeng 高凤镇
* Menkan 门坎镇

## Climate

Climate data for Jingyan, elevation 404 m (1,325 ft), (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1981–2010) :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 19.4 (66.9) | 24.6 (76.3) | 32.5 (90.5) | 34.5 (94.1) | 36.7 (98.1) | 36.4 (97.5) | 37.5 (99.5) | 40.1 (104.2) | 36.6 (97.9) | 30.2 (86.4) | 25.6 (78.1) | 19.2 (66.6) | 40.1 (104.2) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 10.2 (50.4) | 13.3 (55.9) | 18.4 (65.1) | 24.0 (75.2) | 27.5 (81.5) | 29.2 (84.6) | 31.3 (88.3) | 31.1 (88.0) | 26.5 (79.7) | 21.4 (70.5) | 17.1 (62.8) | 11.5 (52.7) | 21.8 (71.2) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 6.9 (44.4) | 9.5 (49.1) | 13.7 (56.7) | 18.7 (65.7) | 22.2 (72.0) | 24.5 (76.1) | 26.5 (79.7) | 26.1 (79.0) | 22.4 (72.3) | 17.9 (64.2) | 13.6 (56.5) | 8.4 (47.1) | 17.5 (63.6) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 4.6 (40.3) | 6.8 (44.2) | 10.4 (50.7) | 14.9 (58.8) | 18.3 (64.9) | 21.1 (70.0) | 23.1 (73.6) | 22.8 (73.0) | 19.9 (67.8) | 15.8 (60.4) | 11.2 (52.2) | 6.2 (43.2) | 14.6 (58.3) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −3.7 (25.3) | −1.2 (29.8) | −0.7 (30.7) | 5.7 (42.3) | 9.1 (48.4) | 13.7 (56.7) | 16.7 (62.1) | 16.5 (61.7) | 13.4 (56.1) | 4.7 (40.5) | 0.8 (33.4) | −2.4 (27.7) | −3.7 (25.3) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 9.8 (0.39) | 13.6 (0.54) | 31.6 (1.24) | 68.0 (2.68) | 90.9 (3.58) | 138.0 (5.43) | 171.5 (6.75) | 207.2 (8.16) | 110.0 (4.33) | 43.8 (1.72) | 19.6 (0.77) | 8.4 (0.33) | 912.4 (35.92) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 8.5 | 8.1 | 11.1 | 13.2 | 14.2 | 16.0 | 15.0 | 14.4 | 15.6 | 14.8 | 8.8 | 8.0 | 147.7 |
| Average snowy days | 0.4 | 0.2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.2 | 0.8 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 82 | 79 | 75 | 74 | 74 | 80 | 83 | 83 | 85 | 86 | 84 | 83 | 81 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 41.1 | 47.8 | 87.5 | 118.6 | 119.5 | 102.7 | 132.8 | 139.7 | 73.7 | 47.8 | 50.0 | 38.8 | 1,000 |
| Percent possible sunshine | 13 | 15 | 23 | 31 | 28 | 25 | 31 | 35 | 20 | 14 | 16 | 12 | 22 |
| Source: China Meteorological Administration ||||||||||||||
# Back to the Floor

Back to the Floor is a corporate reality show in which a senior manager of a company takes on a junior position for a week:
* Back to the Floor (Canadian TV series)
* Back to the Floor (British TV series)
# Emeishan City

Emeishan (Chinese: 峨眉山市; pinyin: Éméishān Shì) is a county-level city in Sichuan province, China. It is administered by the prefecture-level city Leshan. Its population in 2020 stood at 419,107. It is named after Mount Emei, a famous mountain located within its administration.

## Administrative divisions

Emeishan comprises 2 subdistricts, 10 towns and 1 township:

### subdistricts

* Shengli 胜利街道
* Eshan 峨山街道

### towns

* Suishan 绥山镇
* Gaoqiao 高桥镇
* Luomu 罗目镇
* Jiuli 九里镇
* Longchi 龙池镇
* Fuxi 符溪镇
* Shuangfu 双福镇
* Guihuaqiao 桂花桥镇
* Dawei 大为镇
* Huangwan 黄湾镇

### township

* Longmen 龙门乡

## Climate

Climate data for Emeishan City, elevation 424 m (1,391 ft), (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1981–2010) :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 19.1 (66.4) | 23.4 (74.1) | 31.3 (88.3) | 33.4 (92.1) | 35.9 (96.6) | 36.1 (97.0) | 37.8 (100.0) | 39.3 (102.7) | 36.5 (97.7) | 29.4 (84.9) | 25.2 (77.4) | 19.5 (67.1) | 39.3 (102.7) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 9.9 (49.8) | 12.9 (55.2) | 17.8 (64.0) | 23.4 (74.1) | 27.0 (80.6) | 29.1 (84.4) | 31.2 (88.2) | 30.9 (87.6) | 26.4 (79.5) | 21.2 (70.2) | 16.7 (62.1) | 11.3 (52.3) | 21.5 (70.7) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 7.1 (44.8) | 9.6 (49.3) | 13.7 (56.7) | 18.6 (65.5) | 22.2 (72.0) | 24.6 (76.3) | 26.6 (79.9) | 26.2 (79.2) | 22.5 (72.5) | 18.1 (64.6) | 13.7 (56.7) | 8.6 (47.5) | 17.6 (63.8) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 5.2 (41.4) | 7.2 (45.0) | 10.7 (51.3) | 15.0 (59.0) | 18.6 (65.5) | 21.3 (70.3) | 23.2 (73.8) | 22.9 (73.2) | 20.0 (68.0) | 16.0 (60.8) | 11.7 (53.1) | 6.8 (44.2) | 14.9 (58.8) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −1.5 (29.3) | −0.3 (31.5) | 0.2 (32.4) | 6.2 (43.2) | 10.3 (50.5) | 15.1 (59.2) | 18.2 (64.8) | 16.6 (61.9) | 13.6 (56.5) | 5.0 (41.0) | 2.6 (36.7) | −2.0 (28.4) | −2.0 (28.4) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 15.7 (0.62) | 23.1 (0.91) | 42.1 (1.66) | 90.9 (3.58) | 122.7 (4.83) | 151.6 (5.97) | 320.4 (12.61) | 352.2 (13.87) | 156.3 (6.15) | 64.8 (2.55) | 34.1 (1.34) | 16.4 (0.65) | 1,390.3 (54.74) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 10.9 | 11.5 | 14.9 | 15.6 | 16.0 | 17.2 | 16.7 | 16.6 | 17.8 | 17.6 | 11.6 | 10.2 | 176.6 |
| Average snowy days | 0.7 | 0.2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.2 | 1.1 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 80 | 77 | 73 | 71 | 69 | 74 | 77 | 78 | 80 | 82 | 80 | 81 | 77 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 31.9 | 40.3 | 68.7 | 95.6 | 104.8 | 93.7 | 118.5 | 127.8 | 56.4 | 33.7 | 39.8 | 29.7 | 840.9 |
| Percent possible sunshine | 10 | 13 | 18 | 25 | 25 | 22 | 28 | 32 | 15 | 10 | 13 | 9 | 18 |
| Source: China Meteorological Administration ||||||||||||||

## Transport

* Emei railway station
* Emeishan railway station
# St. Paul's Presbyterian Church (Peterborough, Ontario)

St. Paul's Presbyterian Church is the name of a Presbyterian Church in Canada congregation and also the name of the congregation's now-demolished church building at 120 Murray Street in the downtown core of Peterborough, Ontario, Canada.
Since 2018, the congregation has worshipped at The Mount Community Centre at 1545 Monaghan Road.

## History

In 1833, Rev. John Morrice Roger, a Presbyterian minister from Aberdeen, gathered a small local congregation which eventually evolved into St. Andrew's Presbyterian Church. Following the Disruption of 1843, there was a split between the Church of Scotland and the Free Church of Scotland. In Peterborough, the congregation split as well and the congregation of St. Paul's was formed. They worshipped in a schoolhouse that belonged to the Methodists until the construction of their building on Murray Street in 1859 at the cost of $20,000.
The building was completed in 1859 of red brick construction with a limestone foundation quarried in Jackson Park. The rotunda behind the sanctuary was completed in 1885 by Gordon & Helliwell.
In 1907, St. Paul's Mission in the south end of the City split to form its own congregation as Knox Presbyterian Church. Knox voted to join the United Church of Canada in 1925. St. Paul's elected to remain Presbyterian. Peterborough's two other Presbyterian churches, St. Giles' and St. Stephen's also began as missions of St. Paul's.
The church's manse was completed at 540 Water Street in 1912. In 1959, a Christian education wing was constructed. The addition was designed by Eberhard Zeidler.
In the 2010s, major structural issues forced the congregation out of the sanctuary. The congregation was unable to raise the funds to undertake necessary repairs and the building was sold to developer Kevin MacDonald. MacDonald demolished the 160-year-old church in 2019. He has done nothing with the empty lot.
The congregation now worships at The Mount Community Centre in the former Sisters of St. Joseph convent at 1545 Monaghan Road.
# Charlevoix Building

The Charlevoix Building (/ˈʃɑːrləvɔɪ/ SHAR-lə-voy), also known as Hotel Charlevoix, was a highrise building in Downtown Detroit. It was erected in 1905 and designed by local architect William S. Joy. The building was originally built as a speculative office building, converted into a hotel in 1912, then back into an office building again in 1922, although there is evidence that it was occasionally a mix of both.
The building closed sometime in the 1980s after being purchased by Ralph Sachs. It remained closed and was later added to the Park Avenue Historic District. Despite being the oldest hotel in Detroit at the time, it was demolished in 2013 for neglect. A parking lot currently sits on this site.

## History

The Hotel Charlevoix was erected in 1905 and designed by architect William S. Joy. It was originally designed in the Beaux-Arts style with a light bay in the center, giving the appearance that the building was divided in two. The Building was originally built as an office building, converted into a hotel in 1912, then back into an office building again in 1922. There is evidence that it was at one point a mix of both. It was a cheaper alternative to others in the area by Lew Tuller. The details were removed in 1953, leaving it bare. The building closed sometime in the 1980s after being purchased by Ralph Sachs.

## Demolition

The moment Sachs had been waiting for finally came in March 2012 when several bricks fell from the front facade of the Charlevoix, hitting a parked car below and Sachs requested demolition.
On June 13, 2012, the City Historic District Commission held a hearing on the proposed demolition of the Charlevoix. Because the building was in the Park Avenue Historic District, the commission would need to approve the demolition. Sachs was not at the hearing, but his representatives urged the commission to allow for the building to come down, citing the falling bricks; the fact that the building is a frequent target of squatters and urban explorers; the building lacks any historical details; and that Sachs had been unable to find a developer or buyer for the building. They also said that Sachs didn't have the financial means to rehab, secure, or demolish the building himself.
Sachs' representatives did not prove that he couldn't afford to pay for demolition or mothballing the building, nor that the building was in imminent danger of collapse, prompting the HDC to deny permission to demolish the building. Sachs was given fifteen days to submit a plan for the structure. It was unclear what would happen if Sachs did not comply.
On June 23, 2013, workers took down the Charlevoix in one quick demolition. After cutting the steel I-beams supporting the old hotel, cables were used to bring the building down upon itself.
# Lemalu Tate Simi

Lemalu Samau Tate Simi (19 October 1952 - 17 April 2014) was a Samoan poet, rugby manager, civil servant and diplomat. He was Samoa's High Commissioner to Australia from 2009 to 2014.
Lemalu trained as an architect in New Zealand and subsequently worked as a civil servant, rising to the position of chief executive of the Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Labour. In January 2009 he was appointed High Commissioner to Australia, a position he held until his death in 2014. He was also the team manager for the Samoa national rugby union team, and president of the Samoa Red Cross Society Red Cross.

## Works

* A deeper song : poems (1992)
# Torodi ambush

On July 31, 2021, jihadists from Jama'at Nasr al-Islam wal-Muslimin ambushed Nigerien forces near Torodi, Tillabéri Region, Niger, killing 18 Nigerien soldiers.

## Background

Jama'at Nasr al-Islam wal-Muslimin (JNIM) is the affiliate of al-Qaeda in the Sahel, being founded in 2017 as a coalition of various al-Qaeda aligned jihadist groups in the Mali War. The group expanded that same year into northern Burkina Faso and western Niger through negotiations with locals and JNIM commander Iyad Ag Ghaly, along with the growing presence of Amadou Koufa and his Fulani-dominated jihadist group Katiba Macina. While attacks in Niger had been often perpetrated by the Islamic State in the Greater Sahara, JNIM entered the country in 2017 and claimed their first attack on Nigerien forces in Midal.

## Ambush

At 11 a.m. on July 31, Nigerien soldiers in Torodi, Say Department, Tillabéri Region were ambushed while they were carrying out a supply mission to Boni, along the tri-border area between Niger, Burkina Faso, and Mali. The supply operation was part of the Nigerien Operation Saki II. The soldiers attempted to evacuate the wounded from the ambush, but hit an IED. Nigerien forces began patrolling the area on August 1, launching combing operations to find the jihadists.
The Nigerien Ministry of Defense initially stated 15 soldiers were killed, seven injured, and six missing, although this toll was revised to 18 soldiers and one civilian killed and seven injured. JNIM claimed responsibility for the attack on August 1.
# Entrepotdoksluis

The Entrepotdoksluis (bridge no. 80) is a bridge in Amsterdam-Centrum that crosses a lock by the same name.

## Location

The bridge is located in the Hoogte Kadijk and spans the north side of the Entrepotdoksluis (a canal lock), which leads from the Entrepotdok to the Nieuwe Vaart. The bridge has been a rijksmonument (national monument) since 2001. The bridge has a passage opening of 13.44 metres (44.1 ft) wide and a passage height of 3.02 metres (9.9 ft) The bridge gave access to the Entrepotdok, an inland port built in 1827 where imported goods were stored until the import duties were paid.

## Background

The current Entrepotdoksluis (lock) was opened in 1840. A double wooden drawbridge was then built over it. As the shipping was still busy, the bridge could not be replaced by a fixed bridge when it was repaired. Around 1902, the municipality opted for an iron/steel drawbridge. In September 1902, the first tender was made, 16 m³ of granite had to be delivered to this bridge. According to the Monuments Register and Frank V. Smit, the bridge was built in 1903.

## Design

The monuments register described the bridge in August 2017 as follows: a single seesaw or drawbridge with passage designed by the Public Works Department. It has abutments made of brick and dimension stone, a frame with simple steel girders and a (still) partially wooden bridge deck. The frame and balance are made of riveted steel with half-timbering. The lifting cables are also made of steel. The movement work is performed in a quadrant. In contrast to many steel bridges, the balustrades are made of decorative ironwork.

## History

The bridge was made by Werkspoor op Oostenburg. In 1911, the controls were given electric power with a drive from the NB Haarlemsche Machinefabriek v / h / Gebr. Figee. Some repair work had to be done in 1936, but the bridge has done its job perfectly since its placement. However, today the bridge is controlled in the same way as the adjacent bridge 327, which resulted in a saving on the lubrication frequency from 10 times a month to once every quarter.
According to Smit van Wichert, the designer was Arend de Graaf and belongs to his first generation of drawbridges. Very few of them are left because they became outdated and looked somewhat crude. In the years following the construction of this bridge, De Graaf's drawbridges became somewhat more ornate, so the movement work became open (it is closed at bridge 80). It was not until 1915 that the definitive De Graaf drawbridge took its shape under the influence of structural engineer Adriaan Dwars. The end result of all improvements can be found in bridge 307, the result of a collaboration with Piet Kramer.
* Double wooden drawbridge established by Jacob Olie in 1891
* Daylight print made by industrial photographer Gustaaf Oosterhuis (1858-1938) of the drawbridge in the Hoogte Kadijk, ca 1902
* The bridge in May 2017
# Sairocaris

Sairocaris is an extinct genus of crustaceans, in the order Hoplostraca, that lived in the Mississippian age.