OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Cheng Kaijia

Cheng Kaijia (Chinese: 程开甲; 3 August 1918 – 17 November 2018), also known as Kai Chia Cheng, was a Chinese nuclear engineer and nuclear physicist. He was a pioneer and key figure in Chinese nuclear weapon development. He is known as one of the founding fathers of Two Bombs, One Satellite.

## Life

Cheng was born in Wujiang, Jiangsu in 1918. He graduated from the Department of Physics of Zhejiang University in 1941. In 1946, he went to the United Kingdom to study at the University of Edinburgh, obtaining a PhD in 1948 under advisor Max Born. He then became a researcher in the UK.
Cheng returned to the People's Republic of China in 1950. He was an associate professor at Zhejiang University, he then went to Nanjing in 1952, where he became an associate professor in Nanjing University, and was later promoted to full professorship.
Cheng was a pioneer of Chinese nuclear technology and played an important role in the development of the first Chinese atomic bomb. He first calculated out the inner temperature and pressure for an atomic bomb blast in China. His calculation was an extremely heavy task and nearly manual, because during that time China did not have any computer or even calculator. He also solved the mechanism of the inner explosion, which could support the design of the bomb. He was the chief director for many nuclear weapon test fields/bases and their explosion processes.
Cheng was elected to the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1980. He was also a standing member of the Science and Technology Committee, Chinese National Nuclear Industry Corporation. He was former vice-president of the Nuclear Weapons Research Institute, and the deputy chief director of the Nuclear Weapons Research Institute, People's Republic of China.
In 1999, he was awarded "Two Bombs and One Satellite Meritorious Award" by President Jiang Zemin for his contribution on atomic bomb and hydrogen bomb. In July 2017, Chairman Xi Jinping awarded Cheng the Order of August First, the highest military award of People's Republic of China.
He died on 17 November 2018, three months after his 100th birthday.
# Deng Zongjue

Deng Zongjue (Chinese: 邓宗觉; 7 April 1916 – 25 January 2019) was a Chinese biologist and a professor at Nanchang University. He was the only tenured professor in Jiangxi province.

## Biography

Deng Zongjue was born on 7 April 1916 in Rudong County, Jiangsu, Republic of China. He graduated from the Department of Biology of National Central University in 1938, and taught as an assistant professor and lecturer at the university from 1938 to 1949.
In 1949, Deng was appointed an associate professor in the Department of Zoology of Nanchang University, and later became professor and chair of the department. From 1953 to 1962 he was a professor at Jiangxi Normal University. From 1962 to 1993, he taught at Jiangxi University. In May 1993, he became a professor in the Department of Life Sciences at Nanchang University. He was the only tenured professor in the entire Jiangxi province, and was awarded a special pension by the State Council of the People's Republic of China in 1992.
Deng was a specialist in fish breeding and his research greatly increased production in freshwater fish farms. He was awarded the State Science and Technology Progress Award (First Class) in 1990 and many other national and provincial prizes. He taught until the age of 90.
Deng died on 25 January 2019, at the age of 102.
# Collège de Montaigu

The Collège de Montaigu was one of the constituent colleges of the Faculty of Arts of the University of Paris.

## History

The college, originally called Collège des Aicelins, was founded in 1314 by Gilles I Aycelin de Montaigu, Archbishop of Narbonne and Archbishop of Rouen. It changed its name after it had been restored in 1388 by his relative Pierre Aycelin de Montaigut, Bishop of Nevers and Laon.
In 1483, Jan Standonck became Master of the College and made it prosper. Under his leadership and that of his disciple Noël Béda, Montaigu was one of the leading theological colleges of Paris. Students at the college included Erasmus of Rotterdam, John Calvin, and Ignatius of Loyola (before moving to Collège de Sainte-Barbe). Other notable students were the influential Portuguese teacher and diplomat Diogo de Gouveia. At least four Scots also attended: philosopher John Mair (who went on to teach theology there), historian Hector Boece, royal advocate Patrick Paniter and Reformer John Knox. Another Scot, George Dundas, may have also attended. Architect and educator Jean-Nicolas-Louis Durand attended before turning to architecture.
In his Colloquies Erasmus left a memoire of his time at the College under Standonck. Erasmus was a privileged paying student, but his memories were not pleasant.
In 1792, some of the buildings were converted into a hospital and a military prison. The prison was closed in 1836, and pulled down in 1842. In 1844–1850, the Sainte-Geneviève Library was constructed on the site.
# Scott Mruczkowski

Scott Allen Mruczkowski [merch-COW-ski] (born April 5, 1982) is an American former professional football center. He was selected by the San Diego Chargers in the seventh round of the 2005 NFL draft. He played for the team for seven seasons. He played college football at Bowling Green.
# Nuclear timescale

In astrophysics, the nuclear timescale is an estimate of the lifetime of a star based solely on its rate of fuel consumption. Along with the thermal and free-fall (aka dynamical) time scales, it is used to estimate the length of time a particular star will remain in a certain phase of its life and its lifespan if hypothetical conditions are met. In reality, the lifespan of a star is greater than what is estimated by the nuclear time scale because as one fuel becomes scarce, another will generally take its place—hydrogen burning gives way to helium burning, etc. However, all the phases after hydrogen burning combined typically add up to less than 10% of the duration of hydrogen burning.

## Stellar astrophysics

Hydrogen generally determines a star's nuclear lifetime because it is used as the main source of fuel in a main sequence star. Hydrogen becomes helium in the nuclear reaction that takes place within stars; when the hydrogen has been exhausted, the star moves on to another phase of its life and begins burning the helium.
$\tau _{nuc}={\frac {\text{total mass of fuel available}}{\text{rate of fuel consumption}}}\times {\text{fraction of star over which fuel is burned}}={\frac {MX}{\frac {L}{Q}}}\times F$
where M is the mass of the star, X is the fraction of the star (by mass) that is composed of the fuel, L is the star's luminosity, Q is the energy released per mass of the fuel from nuclear fusion (the chemical equation should be examined to get this value), and F is the fraction of the star where the fuel is burned (F is generally equal to .1 or so). As an example, the Sun's nuclear time scale is approximately 10 billion years.
# Edgar Fawcett

Edgar Fawcett (May 26, 1847 – May 2, 1904) was an American novelist and poet.

## Biography
### Early life and education

Fawcett was born in New York City on May 26, 1847, and spent much of his life there. Educated at Columbia College, he obtained the A.B. there in 1867 and his M.A. three years later. At Columbia, he was a member of the Fraternity of Delta Phi and the Philolexian Society.

### Career

Although successful in his time, his works are mostly forgotten today.
His best known novels, such as Purple and Fine Linen (1873) and New York (1898), were satirical studies of New York high society. Fawcett also wrote a parody of the King Arthur legends entitled The New King Arthur: An Opera Without Music (1885), as well as numerous works for children, such as Short Poems for Short People (1872).
In 1877, his poem "Box" appeared in the Sacramento Daily Union having been reprinted from The Atlantic, where it would appear in the September issue. His volumes of verse included Song and Story (1884) and Songs of Doubt and Dream (1891). His verse was frequently anthologized. "The Man from Mars" was published in the June 1892 issue of Short Stories: A Magazine of Select Fiction.
Stanley R. Harrison's study, entitled Edgar Fawcett, was published in 1972. It lists many unpublished manuscripts sent in for copyright with such titles as "The Man from Mars" and "The Destruction of the Moon," but no trace of most of these beyond the listing seems to exist.

### Later life, and death

Fawcett spent many of the last years of his life in London, where he died on May 2, 1904.
# Ireland's Saturday Night

Ireland's Saturday Night was a Northern Ireland sports newspaper, which was part of the Belfast Telegraph group. It was launched in 1894 under its original title, Ulster Saturday Night, changing to Ireland's Saturday Night in 1896 and running two separate editions; one for north and one for the south of Ireland. It continued to carry the nickname The Ulster.
The paper was also known as The Pink, as it was originally printed on pink paper until 1917. This was to distinguish the paper from the main daily at the time, The Belfast Evening Telegraph. It focused on Irish Football League coverage and was delivered late on Saturday evenings so that the day's afternoon matches could be reviewed.
Circulation declined in the 2000s as more and more people were getting their sports news on the Internet. In July 2008 it was announced that the paper was to stop production. The final edition was printed on 26 July 2008 and included a special pull out on the history of the paper.
# Web Dynpro

Web Dynpro (WD) is a web application technology developed by SAP SE that focuses on the development of server-side business applications. For modern releases (for instance as of NetWeaver 750, software layer SAP_UI) the user interface is rendered according to the HTML5 web standard. Since Netweaver 754 (software layer SAP_UI, ABAP Platform 1909) a touch enabled user interface is available. The newly released versions usually follow the SAP Fiori design principles. One of its main design features is that the user interface is defined in an entirely declarative manner. Web Dynpro applications can be developed using either the Java (Web Dynpro for Java, WDJ or WD4J) or ABAP (Web Dynpro ABAP, WDA or WD4A) development infrastructure.

## Overview

The earliest version of Web Dynpro appeared in 2003 and was based on Java. This variant was released approximately 18 months before the ABAP variant. As of 2010, the Java variant of Web Dynpro was put into maintenance mode.
WD follows a design architecture based on an interpretation of the MVC design pattern and uses a model driven development approach ("minimize coding, maximize design").
The Web Dynpro Framework is a server-side runtime environment into which many dedicated "hook methods" are available. The developer then places their own custom coding within these hook methods in order to implement the desired business functionality. These hook methods belong to one of the broad categories of either "life-cycle" and "round-trip"; that is, those methods that are concerned with the life-cycle of a software component (i.e. processing that takes place at start up and shut down etc.), and those methods that are concerned with processing the fixed sequence of events that take place during a client-initiated round trip to the server.
Web Dynpro is aimed at the development of business applications that follow standardized UI principles, applications that connect to backend systems and which are scalable.
Key Capabilities
* Declarative way of development: Web Dynpro offers a graphical and declarative means of UI development. UI controls, building blocks, views and windows are modeled, and the business logic can be coded separately.
* Separation of user interface and business logic: One advantage of Web Dynpro over SAP GUI is the separation between business logic and user interface, and the structured development process with less implementation effort.
* Support of stateful application: The state of the application is kept in the back-end. This leads to a reduced data transfer from ABAP server to browser and vice versa.
Regarding Web Dynpro ABAP there is only one programming language (ABAP) and only one system necessary. Therefore, development can be easier and cost efficient.
# Fight for Love (TV series)

Fight for Love is a Hong Kong martial arts and romantic comedy television series co-produced by Television Broadcasts Limited (TVB) and China International Television Corporation (CITVC) and starring Bowie Lam, Sonija Kwok, and Gong Beibi. It was filmed from August 2001 to early 2002 and was aired overseas from 27 May to 21 June 2002. Then, it premiered in Hong Kong on TVB Pay Vision's TVB Drama channel on 2 February 2004 and ended on 27 February 2004. The drama premiered on TVB Jade on 2 January 2013 and ended on 31 January of the same year.

## Plot

Ng Ka-kit (Bowie Lam) is a promotions manager for an IT company and is sent by the company to take part in a training project in Beijing. Kit never imagined that this training involves learning Wushu. At the Wushu Academy, he meets his old nemesis, Vivian Yan (Sonija Kwok) who is a singer and also sacked office boy Lam Muk-sui (Patrick Tang). Vivian is learning Wushu because she wants to break into the American markets. These three Hong Kong people, who normally would not talk to each other find common ground and a common enemy in their Beijing coach Sun Zheng (Chen Zhihui). Kit fancies the assistant coach He Dan (Gong Beibi) but she likes someone else. Living together at the Wushu Academy makes Kit, Vivian and Sui understand that Zheng is strict because he wants to train their concentration and Wushu spirit. When they realize this, their hatred turns into respect and Kit and Zheng become great friends.
On his return to Hong Kong, Kit finds that he has lost all his power in the company and angrily resigns. On the other hand, Vivian's popularity has been dimmed by a newcomer. Sharing their problems, they go into business together and just as Kit is about to ask Vivian to be his girlfriend, her career picks up and she declines his love. At this time, Dan comes to Hong Kong to work as stunt double in order to fund her boyfriend's dream. Kit rekindles his feelings for Dan as Vivian looks on with envy but holds back her own feelings for the sake of her ego.

## Cast

| Cast | Role |
| Bowie Lam | Ng Ka-kit (吳家傑) |
| Sonija Kwok | Vivian Yan (殷彩兒) |
| Gong Beibi | Ho Dan (何丹) |
| Ha Yu | Tsui Po (徐波) |
| Fiona Yuen | Aka Ching (程尚怡) |
| Patrick Tang | Lam Muk-sui (林木水) |
| JoJo Cho (曹眾) | Lee Kau-chun (李九珍) |
| Kenny Wong | Joe Ha (夏祖蔭) |
| Chen Zhihui | Suen Cheng (孫正) |
| Zhang Xiaolong (張曉龍) | Yip Chun (葉俊) |
| Almen Wong (黃佩霞) | Stella Cheung (張冰山) |
| Steven Ho (何啟南) | Ken Chan (陳旭明) |
| Jerry Koo (古明華) | Sam Chow (周偉強) |
| Jenny Yam (任港秀) | Cat Fung (馮寶珊) |
| Edith Wong (王殷廷) | Eva Lam (林佩琪) |
| Sharon Chan | Gigi |
# The Legend of Master So

The Legend of Master So (蘇乞兒) is a TVB television series, premiered on 27 September 1982. Theme song "Forgets With All One's Heart the Sentiment" (忘盡心中情) composition and arrangement by Joseph Koo, lyricist by Wong Jim, sung by Johnny Yip.

## Short plot Summary

this TV series set in the 1920s during kuomintang era so chan whom live in the 20th century.

## Cast

* Chow Yun-fat as So Chan (蘇燦)
* Andy Lau as Man Tit Ho (萬鐵豪)
* Michael Miu as Ma Kwan (馬坤)
* Michelle Yim as Siu Ling (蕭玲)
# Antony Raju

Antony Raju is an Indian politician and was in office as Minister for Road Transport, Motor Vehicles, Water Transport till 24 December 2023, Government of Kerala. He is the leader of Janadhipathya Kerala Congress. He was elected to the Kerala legislative assembly from Thiruvananthapuram Constituency of Kerala in 2021. Earlier he was the MLA of Thiruvananthapuram West Constituency from 1996 to 2001.

## Early life and education

Raju was born on 18 November 1954 in Poonthura, Trivandrum to S Alphonse and T Lourdamma in a poor family from the fisher community. He had his early education at the St. Thomas School Poonthura, Trivandrum, and completed his schooling at the Rajagiri School, Kalamassery, Ernakulam. Raju was the unit president of Kerala Students' Congress (KSC), the students' wing of Kerala Congress, in St Xavier's College, Thumba, and Mar Ivanios College, Thiruvananthapuram. After graduating in Law from the Kerala Law Academy Law College, he enrolled as an advocate in 1982. He completed his pre-degree from St. Xavier's College, Thumba, Thiruvananthapuram.

## Political career

In 1996, Antony Raju was KC(J) candidate and contested for LDF. It was Antony's first political victory in Assembly Election from Trivandrum West Constituency. However, in the 2016 elections he contested as Janadhipathya Kerala Congress candidate but lost to VS Sivakumar. But in the 2021 elections, he defeated VS Sivakumar by more than 8000 votes.The coastal region has been Raju's support base. He contested a poll for the first time from Shanghumugham division to the erstwhile district council. Shanghumugham is part of the Thiruvananthapuram Assembly constituency.
His first attempt to reach the Assembly went in vain as he lost to M M Hassan of the Congress in Thiruvananthapuram West in 1991. Raju exacted revenge the next time by defeating Hassan. However, he lost again in 2001, this time to M V Raghavan.
He was not fielded in the next two Assembly polls due to controversies over his legal career. In 2016, Raju of the Janadhipathya Kerala Congress lost to V S Sivakumar, but bounced back this time by defeating the same Congress leader.
In November 2024, in a legal setback, supreme court allowed criminal proceedings against Raju in the tampering evidence case, dating back to the early 1990s.
# Bihać Republic

The Bihać Republic (Serbo-Croatian Latin: Bihaćka Republika, Cyrillic: Бихаћка Република) was a short-lived republic that existed between November 1942 and January 1943 in a liberated area of Nazi-occupied Yugoslavia. It was established by the Partisan resistance movement following the liberation of Bihać. Bihać became its administrative center and the first session of the Anti-Fascist Council of the People's Liberation of Yugoslavia (AVNOJ) was held there on 26 November 1942.

## Liberation of the territory

In the summer and fall of 1942 Partisan forces greatly improved their organization and tactics. Organized in mobile brigades, Partisans were able to attack and overpower isolated Axis garrisons of battalion size and, in some cases, even larger. Partisan units in western Bosnia and Croatia were significantly reinforced with the arrival of 6 brigades from eastern parts of Yugoslavia in summer 1942.
Bihać, the central town of the territory, was liberated on 4 November 1942 after a two-day battle involving eight Krajina and Croatian brigades against the 4th Ustaša Brigade and 12th Croatian Home Guard Regiment. Some towns were liberated earlier (Vojnić, Vrginmost, Korenica, Drvar, Glamoč, and Bosanski Petrovac), and others were liberated as a continuation of the Bihać operation: Bosanska Krupa on 5, Cazin on 6, and Slunj on 14 November. Several towns were liberated during separate attacks: Jajce on 26 November, Livno on 15 December, Tomislavgrad on 19 December 1942, and Teslić on 1 January 1943. Udbina and Bosansko Grahovo were evacuated by Ustaša and Italian units under Partisan pressure. Some towns were attacked unsuccessfully: Bosanski Novi and Dvor na Uni on 26–28 November, and Sanski Most on 10–22 December.
With these operations, large swaths of territory, from Karlovac in the west to Prozor in the east, were cleared of Axis forces. Partisans established control over an area that was some 250 kilometres (160 mi) long and 50–70 kilometres (30–40 mi) wide. Some towns were retaken by Axis forces in local attacks: Jajce was reoccupied on 6 December, and Teslić on 8 January by Germans. However, most of the territory was reoccupied in large offensives (Weiss I and Weiss II). Germans retook Bihać on 29 January, Drvar on 27 February, and Livno on 5 March 1943.
# David Emmanuel (mathematician)

David Emmanuel (31 January 1854 – 4 February 1941) was a Romanian Jewish mathematician and member of the Romanian Academy, considered to be the founder of the modern mathematics school in Romania.
Born in Bucharest, Emmanuel studied at Gheorghe Lazăr and Gheorghe Șincai high schools. In 1873 he went to Paris, where he received his Ph.D. in mathematics from the University of Paris (Sorbonne) in 1879 with a thesis on Study of abelian integrals of the third species, becoming the second Romanian to have a Ph.D. in mathematics from the Sorbonne (the first one was Spiru Haret). The thesis defense committee consisted of Victor Puiseux (advisor), Charles Briot, and Jean-Claude Bouquet.
In 1882, Emmanuel became a professor of superior algebra and function theory at the Faculty of Sciences of the University of Bucharest. Here, in 1888, he held the first courses on group theory and on Galois theory, and introduced set theory in Romanian education. Among his students were Anton Davidoglu, Alexandru Froda, Traian Lalescu, Grigore Moisil, Alexandru Myller [ro], Miron Nicolescu, Octav Onicescu, Dimitrie Pompeiu, Simion Stoilow, and Gheorghe Țițeica. Emmanuel had an important role in the introduction of modern mathematics and of the rigorous approach to mathematics in Romania.
Emmanuel was the president of the first Congress of Romanian Mathematicians, held in 1929 in Cluj. He died in Bucharest in 1941.
A street in the Dorobanți neighborhood of Bucharest is named after him.

## Publications

* Emmanuel, David (1879). "Étude des intégrales abéliennes de troisième espèce". Annales Scientifiques de l'École Normale Supérieure. 2. 8: 299–326. doi:10.24033/asens.179. hdl:1908/4249. JFM 11.0318.01.
* Emmanuel, David (1927). Lecṭiuni de teoria funcṭiunilor. II: Funcṭiuni eliptice [Lectures on function theory. II: Elliptic functions] (in Romanian). Bucharest: Cultura Naṭională. JFM 54.0409.06.
# Benito Juárez Municipality, Sonora

Benito Juárez is one of the 72 municipalities (municipios) of the Mexican state of Sonora. It borders with the municipio of Cajeme. The municipal seat is Villa Juárez.

## History

The region was settled in the 1940s after the construction of the Angostura Dam and 151 members of the government division of irrigation were given land in the Mayo Valley in place of what would have been compensation with cash.
In 1943, the ex-employees settled in a place they later appropriately named "Colonia Irrigación" ("Irrigation Colony") and later it became dependent on the town (comisaría) Bacobampo until it itself became a town in 1947. In 1957, "Colonia Irrigación" was renamed as Villa Juárez (after president Benito Juárez). Another settlement in the region was called "Sube y Baja" ("up and down") populated by indigenous inhabitants.
In 1996, the region was incorporated into a municipality with the name of Benito Juárez. Before this time the town was part of Etchojoa Municipality.

## Government

The municipal presidents have been:
* Ernesto Cornejo Valenzuela (2003–2006)
* María Cristina Carvajal Pak (2000–2003)
* Ramón Marquez Vera (1997–2000)
* Luis Herrera Portillo (1994–1997)