OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# François-Marie Raoult

François-Marie Raoult (/rɑːˈuːl/; 10 May 1830 – 1 April 1901) was a French chemist who conducted research into the behavior of solutions, especially their physical properties.

## Life and work

Raoult was born at Fournes, in the département of Nord. He became aspirant répétiteur at the Lycée of Reims in 1853, and after holding several intermediate positions was appointed in 1862 to the professorship of chemistry in Sens lycée. There he prepared a thesis on electromotive force which gained him a doctor's degree in Paris the following year.
In 1867 Raoult was put in charge of chemistry classes at the University of Grenoble, and three years later he succeeded to the chair of chemistry, which he held until his death in 1901. Raoult's earliest researches were physical in character, being largely concerned with the phenomena of the voltaic cell; later there was a period when more purely chemical questions engaged his attention.
Raoult's name is best known in connection with work on solutions, to which he devoted the last two decades of his life. His first paper describing how solutes depressed the freezing points of solutions was published in 1878. Further experiments with various solvents, such as benzene and acetic acid, in addition to water, led him to believe in a simple relation between the molecular weights of a solute and the freezing-point of a solution. He expressed the relationship as the loi générale de la congélation (general law of freezing), that if one molecule of a substance be dissolved in 100 molecules of any given solvent, the temperature of solidification of the latter will be lowered by 0.63 °C. Another relation on which Raoult worked was that concerning the depression of a solvent's vapor pressure, due to a solute, showing that the decrease is proportional to the solute's molecular weight. This relationships holds best in the limiting case of a dilute solution. These two generalizations afforded a new method of determining the molecular weights of dissolved substances, and were utilized by Jacobus van 't Hoff and Wilhelm Ostwald, among other chemists, in support of the hypothesis of electrolytic dissociation in solutions. Raoult's freezing-point depression method became even more useful after it was improved by Ernst Otto Beckmann and became a standard technique for determining molecular weights of organic substances.
An account of Raoult's life and work was given by van 't Hoff in a memorial lecture delivered before the London Chemical Society on 26 March 1902.

## Activities and honors

* Prix International de Chimie LaCaze (1889)
* Davy Medal (1892)
* Prix de l'Institut (1895)
* Commandeur de la Légion d'Honneur (1900)
# Zonateres

Zonateres is a genus of snake in the subfamily Dipsadinae of the family Colubridae. The genus is monotypic, containing the sole species Zonateres lanei, which is native to South America.

## Etymology

The specific name, lanei, is in honor of Brazilian entomologist Frederico Lane.

## Common names

Common names for Z. lanei include Lane's house snake in English, and cobra-espada and corre-campo in Brazilian Portuguese.

## Description

Z. lanei has strongly keeled dorsal scales, which are arranged in 17 rows on the neck, in 17 rows at midbody, and in 15 rows towards the cloaca. Each dorsal scale has two apical pits.

## Geographic range

Z. lanei is found in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, and Paraguay.

## Habitat

The preferred natural habitats of Z. lanei are forest and savanna.

## Behavior

Z. lanei is terrestrial and nocturnal.

## Diet

Z. lanei preys upon frogs.

## Reproduction

Z. lanei is viviparous.
# Isma'ila Idris

Sheikh Isma'ila Idris (1937–2000), also known as Me Izala, was a Nigerian Islamic scholar, teacher, and former military officer. He was the founder and inaugural chairman of the Izala Society (officially Jama'atu Izalatil Bid'ah Wa Iqamatus Sunnah), an organization aimed at promoting Islamic reform and countering what it viewed as un-Islamic innovations in practice.

## Early life and education

Isma'ila Idris was born in 1937 in Gwaskwaram, a town in Bauchi State, Nigeria. He hailed from the Jahun tribe, part of the Fulani ethnic group, known for its Islamic heritage. His family was engaged in cattle herding and adhered to traditional Fulani customs.
Idris began his Islamic education under his father, Idris Zakariyya, who was a respected Islamic scholar. He memorized the Quran and studied classical Islamic jurisprudence (fiqh). He later pursued advanced Islamic studies with scholars in Bauchi and enrolled at the School of Arabic Studies (SAS) in Kano.

## Career

In Kano State, Idris studied under prominent scholars such as Sheikh Abubakar Gumi and Sheikh Hassan Khalil, both of whom were vocal critics of Sufism. After completing his studies, Idris returned to Bauchi State, where he began teaching. Seeking broader reach, he moved to Kaduna, where he taught at Sultan Bello Mosque Primary School.
In Kaduna, Idris gained prominence as an Islamic preacher. His sermons, often delivered after Friday prayers, addressed issues such as social justice, moral decline, and adherence to Islamic principles. His passion for societal reform motivated him to join the Nigerian Army as an imam, where he served as a spiritual guide and continued to advocate for Islamic teachings.

## Formation of Izala

In 1978, Idris established the Izala Society in Jos, Plateau State, with the goal of promoting adherence to the Sunnah and opposing innovations (bid'ah) in Islamic practices. The organization quickly became one of the most influential Islamic reformist movements in Nigeria, attracting followers nationwide.
While Idris played a pivotal role in founding Izala, his contributions were sometimes overshadowed by the influence of Sheikh Abubakar Gumi, who also supported the movement. Despite this, Idris' leadership was instrumental in shaping Izala's early direction and establishing its ideological foundation.

## Death

Sheikh Isma'ila Idris died on January 25, 2000, in Jos after a brief illness. He was survived by his four wives and nine children. His legacy continues through the Izala Society, which remains active in promoting Islamic reform and education.

## Legacy

The Izala Society, under the leadership of Idris and his successors, has become a significant voice in Nigeria's Islamic community. It continues to advocate for religious education, social reform, and adherence to Islamic teachings.
# Archery at the 2012 Summer Paralympics – Men's team recurve

The Men's team recurve was one of the events held in archery at the 2012 Summer Paralympics in London.

## Team recurve
### Ranking round

| Rank | Nation | Archers | Score |
| 1 | Great Britain (GBR) | Kenny Allen Phil Bottomley Paul Browne | 1879 |
| 2 | Russia (RUS) | Mikhail Oyun Oleg Shestakov Timur Tuchinov | 1869 |
| 3 | China (CHN) | Cheng Changjie Dong Zhi Li Zongshan | 1858 |
| 4 | Iran (IRI) | Amin Alikhani Nezhad Ebrahim Ranjbarkivaj Roham Shahabipour | 1839 |
| 5 | South Korea (KOR) | Jung Young Joo Kim Suk Ho Lee Myeong-Gu | 1811 |
| 6 | Italy (ITA) | Vittorio Bartoli Oscar De Pellegrin Mario Esposito | 1778 |
| 7 | Turkey (TUR) | Zafer Korkmaz Ozgur Ozen Oguzhan Polat | 1773 |
| 8 | Chinese Taipei (TPE) | Chung Hua Chen Tseng Lung Hui Yang Ching Jen | 1768 |
| 9 | Ukraine (UKR) | Roman Chayka Taras Chopyk Yuriy Kopiy | 1720 |
| 10 | Malaysia (MAS) | Mohd Zafi Rahman Mat Saleh Zulkifli Mat Zin Hasihin Sanawi | 1612 |

### Competition bracket

Source:
| Round of 16 | Round of 16 | Round of 16 | Quarter-finals | Quarter-finals | Quarter-finals | Semi-finals | Semi-finals | Semi-finals | Finals | Finals | Finals |
| | | | 1 | Great Britain (GBR) | 195 | | | | | | |
| | | | 8 | Chinese Taipei (TPE) | 179 | | | | | | |
| 8 | Chinese Taipei (TPE) | 194 | 8 | Chinese Taipei (TPE) | 179 | | | | | | |
| 9 | Ukraine (UKR) | 183 | | | | | | | | | |
| 9 | Ukraine (UKR) | 183 | | | | 1 | Great Britain (GBR) | 190 | | | |
| | | | | | | 5 | South Korea (KOR) | 197 | | | |
| | | | 5 | South Korea (KOR) | 195 | | | | | | |
| | | | 4 | Iran (IRI) | 192 | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | 5 | South Korea (KOR) | 200 |
| | | | | | | | | | 2 | Russia (RUS) | 206 |
| | | | 3 | China (CHN) | 194 | | | |
| | | | 6 | Italy (ITA) | 185 | | | |
| | | | | | | 3 | China (CHN) | 207 |
| | | | | | | 2 | Russia (RUS) | 214 |
| 7 | Turkey (TUR) | 197 | | | | 2 | Russia (RUS) | 214 | Third place | Third place | Third place |
| 10 | Malaysia (MAS) | 190 | | | | | | |
| 10 | Malaysia (MAS) | 190 | 7 | Turkey (TUR) | 199 | | | | 1 | Great Britain (GBR) | 193 |
| | | | 2 | Russia (RUS) | 212 | | | | 3 | China (CHN) | 206 |
# Christiaan Alexander Muller

Christiaan Alexander "Lex" Muller (Alkmaar, the Netherlands, 18 April 1923 - Delden, The Netherlands, August 8, 2004) was a Dutch radio engineer, radio astronomer and professor at Leiden University and the University of Twente. As the chief engineer he pioneered Dutch radio astronomy with the radio telescopes of Kootwijk, Dwingeloo (Dwingeloo Radio Observatory), and Westerbork (Westerbork Synthesis Radio Telescope), where he designed the receiver system. Because of his work with Dutch astronomer Jan Oort on the determination of the spiral structure of the Milky Way using the 21 cm hydrogen radio line emission observed with the Kootwijk telescope, he was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1956, 1957, 1958, and 1961 by Swedish astronomer Bertil Lindblad and Karl Ingve Öhman.
Muller was a professor with the Astronomy department at Leiden University from 1959 to 1972 in the field of Microwave technology and its application in astronomy, physics and chemistry (Dutch: Techniek van de microgolven en hun toepassing in de sterrenkunde, natuurkunde en scheikunde), where he mentored two PhD students, Wim Brouw and Jaap van Nieuwkoop. His inaugural address of June 2, 1961 was entitled Microwave technology in astronomy (original Dutch: De microgolftechniek in de sterrenkunde). He moved to the department of Electrical engineering (Electrotechniek) at the University of Twente, where he taught Microwave technology from 1971 up to 1984.

## Publications

Muller's publications include:
* Muller, C. A.; Oort, J. H. (September 1951). "Observation of a Line in the Galactic Radio Spectrum: The Interstellar Hydrogen Line at 1,420 Mc./sec., and an Estimate of Galactic Rotation". Nature. 168 (4270): 357–358. doi:10.1038/168357a0.
* de Jager, C.; Minnaert, M.; Muller, C. A. (September 1951). "Absence of Hydrogen Radiation of Wavelength 21 cm. in the Sun". Nature. 168 (4270): 391. doi:10.1038/168391b0.
* Oort, J. H.; Muller, C. A. (1952). "Spiral Structure and Interstellar Emission". Monthly Notes of the Astronomical Society of South Africa. 11: 65.
* Muller, C. A. (May 1957). "21-CM Absorption Effects in the Spectra of Two Strong Radio Sources". Astrophysical Journal. 125: 830. doi:10.1086/146361.
* Westerhout, Gart; Brouw, W. N.; Muller, C. A.; Tinbergen, J. (March 1962). "75-cm Galactic Background Polarization: Progress Report". Astronomical Journal. 67: 590. doi:10.1086/108852.
* Muller, C. A. (October 1963). "Galactic Background Polarization at 610 Mc/s". Nature. 200 (4902): 155–156. doi:10.1038/200155a0.
* Casse, J. L.; Muller, C. A. (March 1974). "The Synthesis Radio Telescope at Westerbork. The 21 CM Continuum Receiver System". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 31: 333.
* Muller, C. A. (1980). "Early galactic radio astronomy at Kootwijk". In van Woerden, Hugo; Brouw, Willem N.; van de Hulst, Henk C. (eds.). Oort and the Universe. A Sketch of Oort's Research and Person. Liber Amicorum Presented to Jan Hendrik Oort on the Occasion of his 80th Birthday, 28 April, 1980. Dordrecht: D. Reidel Publishing Company. p. 65.
# Dnieper Flotilla (Ukraine)

Dnieper Flotilla is a riverine flotilla of the Ukrainian Navy consisting of two divisions and is tasked with patrolling and protecting the Dnieper. It was established in 2022 during the Russian invasion of Ukraine amidst threats of a naval invasion from the north by Belorussian Dnieper fleet. It is in control of several small scale naval bases along the Dnieper.

## History

In March 2022, during the Russian Invasion of Ukraine, faced with a threat of invasion through the Dnieper by the Belorussian river fleet, based at Pinsk and Loev including a total of 19 vessels So the River fleet of the Ukrainian Navy was established, initially from armed civilian ships and then a total of 19 gunboats. The two divisions of the fleet were also given control of multiple bases in multiple cities along the Dnieper.
In September 2022, Sherp transferred a vessel to the regiment names as Sherp the Shuttle. In November 2022, ten new vessels from the United States were incorporated into the fleet.
In 2023, the river fleet which initially consisted only of the 26th River Ships Division tasked with protection of northern Dnieper included a second newly established division the 27th River Ships Division tasked with the protection of Southern Dnieper with the River fleet acting as a coordinating body.
On May 26, 2023, the River Flotilla received Bucha which became the flagship of the 26th division and also that of the fleet.

## Structure

The fleet consists of two divisions tasked with patrolling northern and southern Dnieper respectively.
* 26th Naval River Ships Division
* 27th Naval River Ships Division

## Commanders

* Yury Ivanovich Vytskyi (2022-)

## Sources

* Створення флотилії Військово-Морських Сил ЗС України значно покращило підготовку екіпажів кораблів, катерів і суден флоту
# Lanthanum decahydride

Lanthanum decahydride is a polyhydride or superhydride compound of lanthanum and hydrogen (LaH$_{10}$) that has shown evidence of being a high-temperature superconductor. It was the first metal superhydride to be theoretically predicted, synthesized, and experimentally confirmed to superconduct at near room-temperatures. It has a superconducting transition temperature T$_C$ around 250 K (−23 °C; −10 °F) at a pressure of 150 gigapascals (22×10^$^6$ psi), and its synthesis required pressures above approximately 160 gigapascals (23×10^$^6$ psi).

## Synopsis

Since its discovery in 2019, the superconducting properties of LaH$_{10}$ and other lanthanum-based superhydrides have been experimentally confirmed in multiple independent experiments. The compound exhibits a Meissner effect below the superconducting transition temperature. A cubic form can be synthesized at 1,000 K (730 °C; 1,340 °F), and a hexagonal crystal structure can be formed at room temperature. Further reports indicate T$_c$ is increased with nitrogen doping, and decreased with the introduction of magnetic impurities.
The cubic form has each lanthanum atom surrounded by 32 hydrogen atoms, which form the vertices of an 18-faced shape called a chamfered cube.
A similar compound, lanthanum boron octahydride, was computationally predicted to be a superconductor at 126 K (−147 °C; −233 °F) and pressure 50 gigapascals (7.3×10^$^6$ psi).
# Joe Bailey Cheaney

Joe Bailey Cheaney (December 30, 1902 – March 16, 1983) was an American football and basketball coach. He served two stints as the head football coach at Howard Payne University in Brownwood, Texas, from 1928 to 1934, and 1946 to 1947, and one stint at Southwest Texas State University—now known was Texas State University—from 1935 to 1942, compiling a career college football coaching record of 81–62–13. His career coaching record at Howard Payne was 58–20–9.
Cheaney was born on December 30, 1902, in Ranger, Texas. He graduated from Santa Anna High School in Santa Anna, Texas in 1921 and Howard Payne in 1925. He started in football as a halfback at Howard Payne, leading the Yellow Jackets to the Texas Intercollegiate Athletic Association (TIAA) title in 1924. He also was a sprinter on the track and field team, winning the TIAA championships for three years in the 100-yard and 200-yard dashes. Cheaney began his coaching career in 1925 as the football coach at San Marcos Baptist Academy in San Marcos, Texas.
Cheane died on March 16, 1983, in San Marcos.

## Head coaching record
### College football

| Year | Team | Overall | Conference | Standing |
| Howard Payne Yellow Jackets (Texas Conference) (1928–1934) ||||||
| 1928 | Howard Payne | 10–1 | 5–0 | 1st |
| 1929 | Howard Payne | 8–0–2 | 5–0 | 1st |
| 1930 | Howard Payne | 7–2–2 | 4–0–1 | 1st |
| 1931 | Howard Payne | 6–2 | 4–1 | T–1st |
| 1932 | Howard Payne | 7–1 | 4–0 | 1st |
| 1933 | Howard Payne | 5–3–1 | 4–2 | 2nd |
| 1934 | Howard Payne | 9–0–1 | 5–0–1 | 1st |
| Southwest Texas State Bobcats (Lone Star Conference) (1935–1942) ||||||
| 1935 | Southwest Texas State | 2–7 | 1–3 | 4th |
| 1936 | Southwest Texas State | 3–5–1 | 1–3 | 4th |
| 1937 | Southwest Texas State | 6–4 | 2–2 | 3rd |
| 1938 | Southwest Texas State | 0–8 | 0–4 | 5th |
| 1939 | Southwest Texas State | 3–5–2 | 0–3–1 | 5th |
| 1940 | Southwest Texas State | 3–5–1 | 0–4 | 5th |
| 1941 | Southwest Texas State | 4–4 | 3–1 | 2nd |
| 1942 | Southwest Texas State | 3–4–1 | 0–2–1 | 4th |
| Southwest Texas State: | Southwest Texas State: | 24–42–5 | 7–22–2 | |
| Howard Payne Yellow Jackets (Texas Conference) (1946–1947) ||||||
| 1946 | Howard Payne | 2–5–2 | 1–3 | T–4th |
| 1947 | Howard Payne | 4–6 | 2–3 | T–4th |
| Howard Payne: | Howard Payne: | 58–20–8 | 34–8–2 | |
| Total: | Total: | 82–62–13 | | |
| National championship  Conference title  Conference division title or championship game berth ||||||
# Tiny Naylor's

Tiny Naylor's was a restaurant chain in Southern California started in 1949 by William Wallace "Tiny" Naylor and later run by his son Biff Naylor. W.W. Naylor had previously owned more than a dozen Tiny's Waffle Shops in Central California. Naylor moved to Los Angeles and hired architect Douglas Honnold to design an eye-catching drive-in restaurant at the corner of Sunset Boulevard and La Brea Avenue in Hollywood. Actor Humphrey Bogart compared the slanted canopy roof of the building to "a huge bird about to take off.". The restaurant featured Googie architecture and carhop service, and claimed to be the birthplace of the Patty melt. Naylor died on August 17, 1959, while at the Del Mar racetrack. The original location closed on March 11, 1984 and was demolished. The site is currently a shopping center.
Tiny Naylor's had a sister chain of Biff's Coffee Shops, named after W.W.'s son Biff Naylor. There were more than 40 Biff's and Tiny Naylor's locations in Los Angeles and Orange Counties. In 1999 there was one Tiny Naylor's location remaining in Long Beach, California. Biff Naylor came out of retirement to purchase the Du-par's restaurant chain in 2004. Biff's daughter Jennifer Naylor, a chef in Malibu, consulted on the revamped menu. Biff Naylor sold Du-par's in 2018.
# First Church of Christ, Scientist (Marshalltown, Iowa)

First Church of Christ, Scientist was a Prairie School church building located at 412 West Main Street, in Marshalltown, Iowa, United States. Designed by architect, Hugh M.G. Garden, it was once on the National Register of Historic Places, but was bulldozed in August, 1985, and was later removed from the National Register.

## National register listing

* First Church of Christ, Scientist ** (added 1998 - Building - #79000915)
* 412 W. Main St., Marshalltown
* Historic Significance: Architecture/Engineering
* Architect, builder, or engineer: Garden, Hugh M.G.
* Architectural Style: Prairie School
* Area of Significance: Architecture
* Period of Significance: 1900-1924
* Owner: Private
* Historic Function: Religion
* Historic Sub-function: Religious Structure
* Current Function: Religion
* Current Sub-function: Religious Structure
# Rice Lake Carnegie Library

The Rice Lake Carnegie Library was a Carnegie library in Rice Lake, Wisconsin. It was built in 1905, replacing a library based in the city's high school, and was one of 63 Carnegie libraries in Wisconsin. The city left the building for a new library in 1978, and the building was demolished on June 26, 1985.
The library was added to the National Register of Historic Places on June 20, 1980. It was removed from the National Register on March 20, 1986, following its demolition.
# Jodi Hakki (film)

Jodi Hakki (transl. Pair Birds) is a 1997 Indian Kannada-language musical romance film written and directed by D. Rajendra Babu, produced by P. Dhanraj and starring Shiva Rajkumar, Vijayalakshmi and Charulatha.
The film received critical acclaim upon release and won two State awards for screenplay and music. The film has musical score by V. Manohar which is often considered to be one of his best compositions.
The film revolves around a nomadic tribal who unwillingly relocates to the city where he gains popularity as a singer but gets separated from his lover.

## Cast

* Shiva Rajkumar as Maacha/Manoj
* Vijayalakshmi
* Charulatha as Laali
* Harish Rai as Vikki
* Kishori Ballal
* Mandeep Roy
* Shani Mahadevappa
* Ashok Rao
* Manjunath Hegde
* Master Santhosh

## Soundtrack

The music of the film was composed and lyrics written by V. Manohar. Actor Rajkumar recorded a song "Hara Hara Gange" which became huge hit.

## Awards

* Karnataka State Film Awards
* Karnataka State Film Award for Best Screenplay – D. Rajendra Babu
* Karnataka State Film Award for Best Music Director – V. Manohar
# Erbslochgrauwacke Formation

The Erbslochgrauwacke Formation is a geologic formation in Germany. It preserves fossils dating back to the Devonian period.
# Moydart Formation

The Moydart Formation is a geologic formation in Nova Scotia. It preserves fossils dating back to the Silurian period.
# Christopher Verbist

Christopher Verbist (born 8 October 1991) is a Belgian former professional football player. His position on the field is on the right, either as a winger or as a wingback.

## Career

In 2009, he played in two friendlies for the Belgium U19s.
Verbist played his first match in the Belgian Pro League with Standard Liège on the very last matchday of the 2009–10 season, but as he only got two appearances in the following season, he was loaned out to Belgian Second Division team Charleroi, where he played often. With Charleroi, he won the second division title, achieving promotion. However, as the loan ended, he was released by Standard, allowing him to sign with OH Leuven. During the 2012–13 season, Verbist only featured in two matches for OHL and as he was looking for more playing time, he was loaned out to second division team Lommel United for the 2013–14 season. The following season, he moved on permanent basis to RC Mechelen but was allowed to leave towards the end of 2014 as the team was having financial difficulties. In February 2015, he signed for FC Wiltz 71.