OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Sophora flavescens

Sophora flavescens, the shrubby sophora, is a species of plant in the genus Sophora of the family Fabaceae. This genus contains about 52 species. It mainly occurs in India, Japan, Korea and Russia.

## Description

Sophora flavescens can grow to a height of 2 m. Its stem is marked with stripes and covered in soft hairs when young. The leaves are usually 20-25 cm long, with lanceolate stipules and 13-25 elliptic, ovate, or lanceolate leaflets. The plant produces terminal racemes measuring 15-25 cm, with numerous flowers spaced widely apart. The flowers have slender pedicels and linear bracts with white, pale yellow, purple-red, or red spoon-shaped petals. It blooms from June to August and fruits from July to October.

## Distribution

Sophora flavescens is native to China and can be found in all provinces in China. It can be also found in India, Japan, Korea and the Russian Far East. It mainly grows on mountainous slopes, sandy grassland inclines, shrub forests, or around the fields, typically at elevations below 1500 meters.

## Growth and cultivation

Sophora flavescens is an evergreen slow growing shrub growing to 1.5 m (4.9 ft) by 1 m (3.3 ft). It is hardy to 0–10 °F (−18 – −12 °C) and to US zone 6. The plant prefers light (sandy), medium (loamy) and heavy (clay) soils and requires well-drained soil. The plant prefers acid, neutral and basic (alkaline) soils. It cannot grow in the shade. It requires moist soil. Like many other species in the family Fabaceae, this species can fix nitrogen.

## Chemistry

Chemical compounds isolated from S. flavescens include:
* Matrine and matrine oxide, quinolizidine alkaloids found in the roots
* Kushenin, a pterocarpan and isoflavonoid
* Sophoraflavanone G
* 7,9,2',4'-Tetrahydroxy-8-isopentenyl-5-methoxychalcone
* Sophoridine
* Kurarinone
* Trifolirhizin, a pterocarpan flavonoid, isolated from the roots
* 8-Prenylkaempferol, a prenylflavonoid
* Oxysophocarpine and sophocarpine, alkaloids

## Toxicity

Toxic effects from use of the root may include nausea, dizziness, vomiting, constipation, spasms, disturbance of speech, irregular breathing, respiratory failure and death.
# Adir Shiffman

Adir Shifman (born in 1974) is an Australian entrepreneur and business executive. He is the Executive Chairman of global athlete analytics leader Catapult Sports (ASX: CAT), a sports performance analytics company.

## Education and career

Shifman graduated from the University of Monash with a Doctor of Medicine in 1999. Upon graduation he started a career as a doctor. While practicing medicine he founded Global Reviews (Asia Pacific) Pty Ltd in 2000. 11 years later he founded Start Here Pty Ltd and held the position of title of non-executive chairman. Shifman joined Catapult Sports in 2011.
In 2013 he was appointed the chairman of iBuyNew Group Limited (ASX:IBN) formally Disruptive Investment Group (DVI). He Resigned in March 2017 after the company went into receivership.

## Legal disputes and controversies

"Adir Shiffman, a self-confessed courtroom agitator, was quoted saying, 'Every day I'm not suing someone I'm agitated! Where's my litigator?'.
In June 2024, Shifman's Entity (BBHF Pty Ltd) lost a court case against sleeping duck founders. Sleeping duck is an online mattress retailer company which Shifman was serving as the chairman since 2018 with 10% share of $100,000 investment. The supreme court judge, Jim Delany, at the supreme court of Victoria dismissed Shifman's claims and ordered him to pay the court costs. Shifman had alleged that he was gradually excluded from company decisions made by sleeping duck's founders, Selvam Sinnappan and Winiston Wijeyeratne, including decisions related to rebranding, website redesigns, and marketing campaigns.
Adir Shifman has been criticized for starting allegations against Sleeping Duck. It has been alleged that Shifman joined another competing company without disclosing this fact, while he was still serving as the chairman of Sleeping Duck. As a result, Sleeping Duck has opened a counter lawsuit against Shifman. The company alleges that Shifman failed to disclose his involvement with a competitor company, while he was still holding a leadership position at Sleeping Duck. Which suggested that Shifman's allegations against Sleeping Duck may have been made in bad faith, while he was simultaneously working with a rival company.
An example prior litigation of Adir's entity BBHF Pty Ltd include Compare Forex Brokers PTY LTD in 2018.

## Media personality

Shiffman is on The Contrarians podcast with Adam Schwab who is the co-founder and CEO of Luxury escapes. He also has a column on the Australian Financial Review focusing on matters relating primarily to Australian business and the startup community.
# Immunochemistry

Immunochemistry is the study of the chemistry of the immune system. This involves the study of the properties, functions, interactions and production of the chemical components (antibodies/immunoglobulins, toxin, epitopes of proteins like CD4, antitoxins, cytokines/chemokines, antigens) of the immune system. It also include immune responses and determination of immune materials/products by immunochemical assays.
In addition, immunochemistry is the study of the identities and functions of the components of the immune system. Immunochemistry is also used to describe the application of immune system components, in particular antibodies, to chemically labelled antigen molecules for visualization.
Various methods in immunochemistry have been developed and refined, and used in scientific study, from virology to molecular evolution. Immunochemical techniques include: enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, immunoblotting (e.g., Western blot assay), precipitation and agglutination reactions, immunoelectrophoresis, immunophenotyping, immunochromatographic assay and cyflometry.
One of the earliest examples of immunochemistry is the Wasserman test to detect syphilis. Svante Arrhenius was also one of the pioneers in the field; he published Immunochemistry in 1907 which described the application of the methods of physical chemistry to the study of the theory of toxins and antitoxins.
Immunochemistry is also studied from the aspect of using antibodies to label epitopes of interest in cells (immunocytochemistry) or tissues (immunohistochemistry).
# Aleksandr Sayenko

Aleksandr Aleksandrovich Sayenko (Russian: Александр Александрович Саенко; born 5 March 1978) is a former Russian football player.
# Chaetophthalmus

Chaetophthalmus is a genus of flies in the family Tachinidae.

## Species

* Chaetophthalmus alienus Cantrell, 1985
* Chaetophthalmus argentifrons Cantrell & Shima, 1991
* Chaetophthalmus aurifrons Cantrell & Shima, 1991
* Chaetophthalmus bicolor (Macquart, 1848)
* Chaetophthalmus bicoloratus Cantrell & Shima, 1991
* Chaetophthalmus brevigaster (Macquart, 1846)
* Chaetophthalmus collessi Cantrell, 1985
* Chaetophthalmus dorsalis (Malloch, 1929)
* Chaetophthalmus flavocaudus Cantrell, 1985
* Chaetophthalmus flavopilosus Cantrell, 1985
* Chaetophthalmus formosioides Cantrell, 1985
* Chaetophthalmus fullerae Cantrell, 1985
* Chaetophthalmus gressitti Cantrell & Shima, 1991
* Chaetophthalmus inconstans Cantrell & Shima, 1991
* Chaetophthalmus innotatus Cantrell, 1985
* Chaetophthalmus laticeps Cantrell & Shima, 1991
* Chaetophthalmus longimentum Cantrell, 1985
* Chaetophthalmus nitidus Cantrell & Shima, 1991
* Chaetophthalmus occlusus Cantrell, 1985
* Chaetophthalmus ruficeps (Macquart, 1847)
* Chaetophthalmus sedlacekorum Cantrell & Shima, 1991
* Chaetophthalmus setosus Cantrell, 1985
* Chaetophthalmus shinonagai Cantrell & Shima, 1991
* Chaetophthalmus taylori Cantrell & Shima, 1991
* Chaetophthalmus tonnoiri Cantrell, 1985
* Chaetophthalmus wau Cantrell & Shima, 1991
# USS D-3

USS D-3 (SS-19) was a D-class submarine built for the United States Navy in the first decade of the 20th century. It was the first submarine to make an over ocean voyage under its own power.

## Description

The D-class submarines were enlarged versions of the preceding C class, the first American submarines armed with four torpedo tubes. They had a length of 134 feet 10 inches (41.1 m) overall, a beam of 13 feet 10 inches (4.2 m) and a mean draft of 12 feet 6 inches (3.8 m). They displaced 288 long tons (293 t) on the surface and 337 long tons (342 t) submerged. The D-class boats had a crew of 1 officer and 14 enlisted men. They had a diving depth of 200 feet (61.0 m).
For surface running, they were powered by two 300-brake-horsepower (224 kW) gasoline engines, each driving one propeller shaft. When submerged each propeller was driven by a 165-horsepower (123 kW) electric motor. They could reach 13 knots (24 km/h; 15 mph) on the surface and 9.5 knots (17.6 km/h; 10.9 mph) underwater. On the surface, the boats had a range of 1,179 nautical miles (2,184 km; 1,357 mi) at 9.6 knots (17.8 km/h; 11.0 mph) and 24 nmi (44 km; 28 mi) at 8 knots (15 km/h; 9.2 mph) submerged.
The boats were armed with four 18-inch (450 mm) torpedo tubes in the bow. They did not carry reloads for them.

## Career and construction

D-3 was laid down by Fore River Shipbuilding Company in Quincy, Massachusetts, under a subcontract from Electric Boat Company of Groton, Connecticut, as Salmon, making her the first ship of the United States Navy to be named after the salmon. Salmon was launched on 12 March 1910 sponsored by Eunice Fitzgerald, the daughter of Boston Mayor John F. Fitzgerald.
In July 1910, captained by Electric Boat Company executive and former naval officer Gregory C. Davison, she journeyed from Massachusetts to Bermuda and returned. Travelling about 1,500 miles, it was the first over-sea trip made by a submarine under its own power.

## Service history

Commissioned on 8 September 1910 with Lieutenant David A. Weaver in command, the new submarine joined the Atlantic Torpedo Fleet at Newport, Rhode Island. She was renamed D-3 on 17 November 1911. The torpedo fleet was active along the East Coast and made a cruise to the Caribbean Sea from 17 October 1912 – 20 January 1913 after which D-3 remained to serve with the forces operating in Mexican waters following the occupation of Veracruz. She rejoined the flotilla at Norfolk, Virginia on 16 June 1914 and with them visited Washington, DC, from 17–22 July, before returning to their homeport on 24 July. From 21 September 1917, D-3 served as flagship of Submarine Division 2 (SubDiv 2). She trained aspiring submariners at Newport and New London, Connecticut, until placed in commission, in reserve on 5 September 1919.
She was placed in ordinary on 15 July 1921. Towed into Philadelphia Navy Yard on 20 March 1922, D-3 was decommissioned the same day and sold on 31 July.
# Chow's Gymnastics and Dance Institute

Chow's Gymnastics and Dance Institute, commonly referred to as Chow's, is an American women's artistic gymnastics academy based in West Des Moines, Iowa. The academy was founded by Chinese former artistic gymnast Liang Chow. The club has produced Olympic champions, Shawn Johnson and Gabrielle Douglas, and United States national team members such as Norah Flatley and Rachel Gowey.

## History
### 1998–04: Foundations and the inception of Shawn Johnson

Chow's was opened on August 23, 1998, by former Chinese national gymnast and Iowa Hawkeyes assistant coach Liang Chow and his wife, Liwen Zhuang.
In 2004, Level 10 protegee, Shawn Johnson, finished fourth at the 2004 J.O. Nationals. As a result, she was the first Chow gymnast to make the J.O. National Team.

### 2005–07: Level 10 progression and the national rise of Shawn Johnson

At the 2005 Level 9 Eastern Championships, Chow's was represented 3 times. Jessa Hansen won two individual medals. Although Chow's didn't have any participants at the 2005 Level 10 J.O. Nationals, Shawn Johnson qualified to Junior International Elite status; the first of any Chow gymnast. In her first competition as an elite, the 2005 U.S. Classic, she finished third in the all-around.
As a result, she qualified to U.S. Nationals. At the competition, Johnson finished tenth in the all-around. Her result at the competition was enough to be named to the Junior National Team – the first of any Chow gymnast. Now a National Team member, she was invited to represent the United States at the 2006 Pacific Alliance Championships, held in Honolulu, Hawaii. She won the individual all-around competition.

## Notable Gymnasts and Alumni

Shawn Johnson:
* 2008 Olympic balance beam champion and team, all-around, and floor exercise silver medalist
* 2007 World team, all-around, and floor exercise champion
* 2007 Pan American Games team, all-around, uneven bars, and balance beam champion, floor exercise silver medalist
* 2011 Pan American Games team champion and uneven bars silver medalist
* 2007 American Cup Champion; 2008 silver medalist
* 2007 Longines Prize for Elegance recipient
Gabby Douglas:
* 2012 Olympic team and all-around champion
* 2016 Olympic team champion
* 2011 World team champion
* 2015 World team champion and all-around silver medalist
* 2012 Pacific Rim team and uneven bars champion
* 2010 Pan American team and uneven bars champion
* 2016 American Cup champion
Norah Flatley:
* 2014 Pacific Rim junior team and balance beam champion
* 2019 NCAA Championships team bronze medalist
* UCLA Bruins gymnastics
Rachel Gowey:
* 2015 Pan American Games team and uneven bars champion
* 2018 NCAA Championships team bronze medalist
* Florida Gators gymnastics
# Andrew Blake (footballer)

Andrew Tennant Blake (born 14 March 1996) is a professional New Zealand footballer who plays for Auckland City FC.
On 26 August 2015, he made his professional senior debut for Wellington Phoenix in the 2015 FFA Cup against Melbourne City. On 12 February 2016, following Hamish Watson joining Phoenix from Hawke's Bay United as an injury replacement, Blake was loaned out to Hawke's Bay United for the remainder of the season.
After a trial spell with Inverness Caledonian Thistle, Blake signed for Hibernian during the summer of 2017. He was then loaned to Edinburgh City in August 2017, but this deal was curtailed in January 2018 as Blake had suffered a long-term injury.
In September 2019, Blake joined Auckland City FC.

## Personal life

His older brother Hugh is a rugby union player.

## Career statistics

    As of 13:47, 24 December 2017 (UTC)
Appearances and goals by club, season and competition :
| Club | Season | League | League | League | National Cup | National Cup | League Cup | League Cup | Other | Other | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Wellington Phoenix Reserves | 2014–15 | NZF Championship | 15 | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 15 | 1 |
| Wellington Phoenix Reserves | 2015–16 | NZF Championship | 9 | 2 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 9 | 2 |
| Wellington Phoenix Reserves | Total | Total | 24 | 3 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 24 | 3 |
| Wellington Phoenix | 2015–16 | A-League | — | — | 1 | 0 | — | — | — | — | 1 | 0 |
| Hawke's Bay United (loan) | 2015–16 | NZF Championship | 4 | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 4 | 0 |
| Eastern Suburbs | 2016–17 | NZF Championship | 15 | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 15 | 0 |
| Hibernian | 2017–18 | Scottish Premiership | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Edinburgh City (loan) | 2017–18 | Scottish League Two | 7 | 0 | 1 | 0 | — | — | — | — | 8 | 0 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 50 | 3 | 2 | 0 | — | — | — | — | 52 | 3 |
# Johannes Hillmann

Johannes Hillmann (1881–1943) was a German teacher, botanist, and lichenologist.
Hillman was born in Berlin in 1881. He became a teacher after studying natural sciences at the University of Berlin. Hillmann researched lichens from the period 1916 to 1943, contributing 36 publications on the subject. He is perhaps best known for his contributions to the families Parmeliaceae and Teloschistaceae, which were published in Gottlob Ludwig Rabenhorst's influential work Dr. L. Rabenhorst's Kryptogamen-Flora von Deutschland, Oesterreich und der Schweiz. Hillman retired from teaching in 1939, and died in Berlin in 1943. His herbarium of specimens, located in Buckow, was destroyed during World War II.
Four lichen species named after Hillman are Buellia hillmanii Erichsen (1930), Lecidea hillmannii Anders (1922), Micropeltella hillmanniana Kirschst. (1936), and Propolis hillmanniana Kirschst. (1935).

## Selected works

* Hillmann, J. (1935). "Teloschistaceae". Dr. L. Rabenhorst’s Krytogamen-Flora von Deutschland, Österreich und der Schweiz (in German). Vol. 9. Leipzig: Akademische Verlagsgesellschaft. pp. 1–36.
* Hillmann, J. (1936). "Parmeliaceae". Dr. L. Rabenhorst’s Kryptogamen-Flora von Deutschland, Österreich und der Schweiz (in German). Vol. 9. Leipzig: Akademische Verlagsgesellschaft. pp. 1–309.
* Hillmann, J.; Grummann, V. (1957). Kryptogamenflora der Mark Brandenburg und angrenzender Gebiete. Band VIII: Flechten (in German). Berlin: Nikolassee: Gebrüder Borntraeger. pp. 1–898.
# Aleksei Selin

Aleksei Ivanovich Selin (Russian: Алексей Иванович Селин; born 6 February 1978) is a former Russian professional football player.

## Club career

He played 6 seasons in the Russian Football National League for FC Kuban Krasnodar, FC Chernomorets Novorossiysk and FC Nosta Novotroitsk.
# Haruo Okada

Haruo Okada (Japanese: 岡田春夫; June 14, 1914 – November 6, 1991) was a Japanese politician. He was a member of the Socialist Party of Japan. He was a member of the House of Representatives of Japan for the multi-member constituency Hokkaido's 4th district. He was a recipient of the Order of the Rising Sun. He served alongside Seiichi Ikehata, Tatsuo Takahashi and Shōichi Watanabe.
# Petros Noeas

Petros Noeas (Greek: Πέτρος Νοέας; born 1987) is a Greek professional basketball player for Koroivos B.C. of the Greek A2 Basket League. At a height of 2.06 m (6 ft 9 in) in height, he plays at the power forward position.

## Professional career

Noeas started his career with the Greek Basket League club Maroussi, where he played from 2004 to 2009. He then moved to the Greek club Trikala 2000 (2009–10), and then back to Maroussi (2010–11). He joined the Greek club AEK Athens for the 2011–12 season, and then moved to the Greek club Koroivos. He moved to the Greek club Arkadikos, in 2014.
On 12 August 2016, Noeas joined Panionios, of the Greek 2nd Division. On 12 July 2017, Noeas joined Doukas, of the Greek 2nd Division, but his contract was later cancelled. He joined Olympiacos' new reserve team of the Greek 2nd Division, Olympiacos B, for the 2019–20 season.

## National team career

Noeas was a member of the junior national teams of Greece. With Greece's junior national teams, he played at the following tournaments: the 2003 FIBA Europe Under-16 Championship, the 2004 FIBA Europe Under-18 Championship, the 2005 FIBA Europe Under-18 Championship, the 2006 FIBA Europe Under-20 Championship, and the 2007 FIBA Europe Under-20 Championship. He also won the silver medal at the 2009 Mediterranean Games, with the Greek under-26 national team.
# Marcelo Garraffo

Marcelo Omar Garraffo Biano (born September 5, 1957) is a retired field hockey player from Argentina who competed in three Summer Olympics for his native country. He became a field hockey coach subsequent to his retirement as a player.
At his Olympic debut at the 1976 Summer Olympics he ended up in 11th place with the national squad, followed by the 8th place at the 1988 Summer Olympics. Four years later, at the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona, Spain, Garraffo was the oldest member (34 years, 323 days) of the Argentinian field hockey delegation, and had the honour of carrying the flag at the opening ceremony. As a coach, he guided the men's national team to the silver medal at the 1999 Pan American Games.
At the end of 2012, he was chosen as the new coach of Argentina women's national field hockey team after Carlos Retegui's contract was not renewed. Four months later, by decision of the newly elected president of the Argentine Hockey Confederation, Federal Senator Aníbal Fernández, he was dismissed and replaced by Emanuel Roggero.
# Arun Panchia

Arun Peter Panchia (born 22 April 1989) is a former New Zealand field hockey player. He earned his first cap for the New Zealand men's national field hockey team in 2009 against Pakistan and retired from international hockey in 2020.

## Playing career

Panchia's career spanned over eleven years amassing 287 international caps over his career, retiring as the fifth highest capped Men's Black Sticks player of all time. Panchia competed at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro, where the team finished seventh. He also competed at three Commonwealth Games and three Hockey World Cups, winning two Commonwealth Games medals, earning bronze at the 2010 Commonwealth Games in Delhi and silver at the 2018 Commonwealth Games in Gold Coast.
Panchia plays as a defensive midfielder for Auckland in the New Zealand National Hockey League and played in the Netherlands for a season at SCHC. Due to his commitments to the national team, Panchia returned to New Zealand missing the second half of the season.

## Personal life

Panchia was born on 22 April 1989 in Auckland to Peter and Ramila Panchia. Both his parents played field hockey at local level. Panchia's siblings are also field hockey players; he is the eldest of four who have played representative hockey. Jared Panchia, represented the national team and Daniel Panchia has represented the national junior team. He has a younger sister, Anjali, who has also taken up the sport. The Panchia family have Gujarati ancestry, with Panchia's great-grandfather emigrating from India to New Zealand in the 1920s.
# 1944 Guatemalan Constitutional Assembly election

Constitutional Assembly elections were held in Guatemala between 28 and 30 December 1944. The United Front of Arevalist Parties won 50 of the 65 seats.
# But It's Alright

"But It's Alright" (aka "It's Alright", due to its lyrics) is a song co-written by J. J. Jackson and Pierre Tubbs that became a hit on the pop and soul charts in both 1966 and 1969.

## Theme

The lyrics address the singer's girlfriend, who has broken his heart by cheating on him. But the song keeps a happy, upbeat tone due to the singer's belief in karma: "It's alright" because "you've got to reap what you sow, girl" and she will find herself cheated on as well.

## History

Described as being "driven by one of the catchiest guitar hooks in the history of rock & roll and a devastating vocal performance", the song was first released by Calla Records in 1966, as a single and on the album of the same name. Subsequent to acquiring the Calla Records catalogue, Warner Bros.-Seven Arts re-released the song in 1969, as a single and on the album The Great J.J. Jackson.
The single was recorded in the United Kingdom, and was one of the first R & B hit singles to have been recorded in England. The song featured some of Britain's top jazz musicians of the day, including Terry Smith on guitar, Dick Morrissey on tenor sax and John Marshall on drums.
When first released in 1966, the song reached number 22 on the Billboard Hot 100 and number 4 on the Hot R&B Singles chart. When re-released in May 1969, they reached number 45, and remained on the charts for nine weeks. In Canada, it reached number 63. A Spanish language version was also recorded by Jackson and released in 1969.

## Huey Lewis and the News version

In 1994, Huey Lewis and the News covered the song for their album Four Chords & Several Years Ago. It was released as a single, which included the studio version and a live rendition. The single reached number 54 on the Billboard Hot 100 and number 5 on the Adult Contemporary chart. An EP CD single was released in Germany by Elektra Records.

## Other cover versions

* In 1967, Brother Jack McDuff, with David "Fathead" Newman, covered "But It's Alright", as an instrumental version, on their album Double Barrelled Soul. The song was also released as a single.
* Also in 1967, it was also covered by Eddie Floyd and included on Floyd's Knock on Wood album.
* In 1969, a version was recorded by Wilmer & the Dukes.
* In 1976 a cover was included on The Best of Redbone by Redbone.
* In 1981, Australian band Jo Jo Zep & The Falcons covered the song, which was released as a single from their Step Lively album.