OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Theatre Royal, Melbourne

The Theatre Royal was one of the premier theatres for nearly 80 years in the city of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, from 1855 to 1932. It was located at what is now 236 Bourke Street, once the heart of the city's theatre and entertainment district.

## History

The first Theatre Royal in Melbourne was a ‘ramshackle affair’ attached to the Eagle Tavern on Bourke Street between Swanston and Elizabeth Streets. It was a utilitarian weatherboard barn-like structure measuring 65 ft. by 35 ft. and cost £1000. Originally known as The Pavilion, and later as the Theatre Royal, it closed in 1845 due to competition from the superior facilities of the newly opened Queen’s Theatre in Queen Street. An early William Liardet watercolour of the tavern and theatre depicts the rough and ready nature of the pioneer settlement.
Ten years later, in 1855, Melbourne's second Theatre Royal was built a block away, on the north side of Bourke Street between Swanston and Russell Streets, by John Melton Black. It was capable of holding 3300 people and was comparable in size to London's Drury Lane and Covent Garden theatres. The opening production on 16 July 1855 was Richard Sheridan's The School for Scandal. Described as a "magnificent theatre", the £60,000 cost of the theatre's construction ultimately bankrupted Black.
Barry Sullivan was sole lessee and manager from March 1863 to 16 February 1866, when he played his last night and relinquished management. His lease still had a year to run, and he sublet it to William Hoskins, but it was taken over by a partnership of Richard Stewart (father of Nellie Stewart), H. R. Harwood, T. S. Bellair, Charles Vincent, John Hennings, and J. C. Lambert, then in 1867 George Coppin joined, and Bellair, Lambert and Vincent dropped out. Coppin bought his partners out, and was sole manager in April 1872 when the theatre burned down. Coppin immediately rebuilt it bigger and better (the new theatre could seat 4,000 people over four tiers), and opened in November the same year, under joint management by Coppin, Stewart, Harwood and Hennings.
It was remodelled in 1904, seating fewer people more comfortably on three tiers, but the growing popularity of the moving pictures in the 1920s affected theatre attendance, as did the effects of the Great Depression in the early 1930s. In late 1933, the theatre organisation J C Wiliamson announced plans to rebuild Her Majesty's, and that the Royal site was considered too congested and valuable, and had been sold to Manton's, who planned a new department store for the site. A final performance took place on 17 November 1933, and then demolishers moved in the next day. Manton's later became a Coles store, itself redeveloped into a Target store in the 1970s, rebranded in 2022 as Kmart.
# Sukharev Tower

The Sukharev Tower (Сухарева башня) was a Moscow landmark until its destruction by Soviet authorities in 1934. Tsar Peter I of Russia had the tower built in the Moscow baroque style at the intersection of the Garden Ring with Sretenka Street in 1692–1695.

## History

Peter ordered the construction of the tower to commemorate his triumph over his half-sister Sofia in 1689, after the Streltsy uprising had been crushed. The tower received its name in honor of Lavrentii Pankrat'evich Sukharev, whose regiment of streltsy had supported Peter.

### Tower construction

The brick tower was built from 1692 through 1701 under the direction of the architect Mikhail Ivanovich Choglokov [ru]. It was not a fortress but rather a ceremonial gateway into the city.
The first floor formed an arched entrance to the city. The second floor contained guardrooms. Originally these served as barracks for Sukharev's regiment of streltsy, but the streltsy were disbanded at the end of the 17th century. The third floor housed the Moscow School of Mathematics and Navigation. The school was part of Peter's grand plan to introduce western education to Russia. Choglokov did some remodeling in 1701. Count Yakov Bruce made the upper story his astronomical observatory, the first in Russia. The fourth floor had a clock and a state coat-of-arms. "An attractive typically Muscovite, wide exterior staircase led to a gallery on the first floor and surrounding the building."

### Tower, an integral part of city infrastructure

Catherine the Great (reigned 1762-1796) allowed Moscow merchants to use the tower premises for storehouses and shops.
Catherine ordered the construction of a water-supply system from the village of Mytishchi to Moscow. The Mytishchi Water Conduit, built between 1779 and 1804, ended near the Sukharev tower to dispense water. Between 1826 and 1835 engineer major-general Nikolai Ivanovich Yanish (Russian: Николай Иванович Яниш) repaired and expanded the Mytishchi Water Supply. At this time two steam-engine powered pumps and a cast-iron tank holding 5000 (buckets) gallons of water were built on the second floor of the tower to improve the water pressure. Pipes from the tower led to fountains. One of these fountains, called Sheremetev, was located in the Sukharev square near the tower.
A large market, the Sukharevka, bustled around the tower in the 19th century. In 1921 the Soviet government turned the tower into the Moscow Municipal Museum, which later became the Moscow City Museum. The Soviet government closed down the famous flea market in 1925. It is said that Lenin felt that the market was a "breeding ground for speculation".

### Tower destruction

"The bride of the Ivan Velikiy" (as Muscovites used to call the tower) was demolished in 1934 by order of Lazar Kaganovich, Secretary of the Moscow City Committee. It took place during reconstruction of the city ordered by Joseph Stalin, that gave birth to Stalinist architecture. It was said that the tower blocked traffic.

### Proposed tower replica

Over the years Moscow authorities several times considered building a replica of the tower, but no decision has been made.
# Orford Hall

Orford Hall, now demolished, was a 17th-century country house built in an estate which is now a public park (Orford Park) in Orford, Warrington, England.

## History

The original hall at Orford was a timber and plaster building, with ornate chimneys and a thatched roof, which was built for the Le Norris family in 1232. The Norris family occupied the hall until 1595 after which it was acquired by Thomas Tildesley, who rebuilt it in the Jacobean style. At that time the building was known as Norris House.
In 1638 the property was purchased by Thomas Blackburne, a wealthy Cheshire salt merchant, and afterwards inherited by his son Jonathan (1646–1724), High Sheriff of Lancashire for 1715, who made extensive improvements to the house. It was afterwards occupied by Jonathan's son John Blackburne (1694–1786), a well-known naturalist and horticulturalist, whose daughter was Anna Blackburne, the noted botanist. At that time the hall was well known for its outstanding collection of rare plants, trees and unusual animals and the hothouse in the grounds was the first in the country to grow pineapples, coffee, tea and sugarcane. There was also an Orangery where citrus fruits were cultivated. In 1799 a catalogue of all the plant species growing at Orford was published by the estate's head gardener. John was High Sheriff of Lancashire in 1743.
John's son was another Thomas and Thomas' son another John (1754–1833), who was High Sheriff for 1781 and MP for Lancashire from 1784 to 1830.
The hall was then leased to Lucy Hornby (whose grandson Edmund Hornby was elected the first MP for Warrington in 1832). When she died her two daughters let the hall for use as a young ladies school, after which it became the home of the Litton family until 1866.
The next occupant was William Beamont, the first mayor of Warrington, whose widow, Letitia, stayed on at the hall after his death. When she left the property deteriorated until taken over by Warrington Training College.
Ultimately the property descended to Colonel Robert Ireland Blackburne, who in 1916 allowed the hall and 18 acres of surrounding parkland to be gifted to Warrington Council as a War Memorial. The park opened to the public the following year and a bowling green was added in 1924. The house itself, however, was allowed to deteriorate to the point where it was not financially viable to be restored and it was therefore demolished in 1935.
# Primula cockburniana

Primula cockburniana, called the Cockburnia primrose, is a species of flowering plant in the genus Primula, native to south-central China. A short-lived perennial, it has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.
# Queen's Hall, Melbourne

Queen's Hall was a little theatre in Collins Street, Melbourne, situated between Russell and Swanston streets. It operated from 1920 to 1937, when its building was demolished. 37°48′55″S 144°58′04″E﻿ / ﻿37.8152°S 144.9677°E﻿ / -37.8152; 144.9677

## History

In late 1920 the Melbourne lodge of the Theosophical Society (TS) purchased from the Sir Samuel Gillott estate a property at 181–187 Collins Street, at the rear of which was an old warehouse which, after some modifications, they named Queen's Hall, to be used for Society meetings and by August 1920 were hiring it out to various organisations.
One notable user of the hall was J. Beresford Fowler and his "Little Art Theatre" players, presenting modern plays on its "absurdly small" stage 1925 to 1936, when they were obliged to quit due to forthcoming building work. Minnie Hooper's ballet school used the hall for some concerts, and perhaps for classes.
The two buildings were demolished in 1937, to be replaced by a five-storey office block for the Theosophical Society, completed in October of that year. Nothing has yet been found of its history after 1940, except that sometime before 1946 Federal government offices renting space in the TS building were vacated. It still stands, in something like its 1930s condition and is on the National Trust database as File no. B4116.
The Theosophical Society building was adjacent the Auditorium building and is not to be confused with the Society's five-storey building at 124–130 Russell Street, which TS purchased in 1972 and sold in 2017.
# Belmont Hotel (New York City)

The Belmont Hotel was an early 20th-century skyscraper-like hotel at Park Avenue and 42nd Street in Midtown Manhattan, New York City. The Belmont Hotel was built between 1904 and 1908. At 308 feet (94 m), it was the tallest hotel in the world when built and was demolished in 1939. The 42nd Street Airlines Terminal was built in its place.

## Sources

* Emporis.com
* Turkel, Stanley (January 1, 2009). Great American Hoteliers: Pioneers of the Hotel Industry. AuthorHouse. ISBN 9781449007522.
vteMidtown (30th–42nd Sts) and Midtown South :
Manhattan, New York City :
Buildings :
Culture :
Other points of interest :
Transportation :
See also: Manhattan Community Board 5 :
# Great Synagogue (Jasło)

The Great Synagogue (Polish: Wielka Synagoga w Jaśle) was a former Orthodox Jewish congregation and synagogue, that was located on Karol Szajnocha Street, in the Szajnocha Square, in Jasło, in the Podkarpackie Voivodeship of Poland. Completed in 1905, the synagogue served as a house of prayer until World War II when it was destroyed by Nazis on Yom Kippur in 1939.

## History

After World War II, a restaurant was built on the site.
A replica façade of the former Jasło Synagogue was included in the rebuild of the Forest Hill Jewish Centre, on Spadina Road in Toronto, Canada.
# The Mail Building (Toronto)

The Mail Building, later known as the Mail and Empire Building was built in the 1870s and home to the newspaper The Toronto Mail (later merged with the Empire to form The Mail and Empire) at the northwest corner of Bay Street and King Street West. It was damaged by a serious fire in 1884, but fully repaired. The 4 storey building was topped with a 5-storey spire.
The building was sold for $600,000 in May 1938. A month later, its demolition was announced. The building was demolished in 1939 and replaced with a new Bank of Montreal building. The podium of First Canadian Place stands on the original site.
# Palomar Ballroom

The Palomar Ballroom, built in 1925, was a famous ballroom in Los Angeles, California, in the United States. It was destroyed by a fire on October 2, 1939.
Originally named the El Patio Ballroom and located on the east side of Vermont Avenue between 2nd and 3rd Street, it boasted being “the largest and most famous dance hall on the West Coast.”
The building featured a large mezzanine, a balcony, and a seventy-five hundred square foot patio. The dance floor could accommodate four thousand couples. Admission was 40 cents for gentlemen and 25 cents for ladies. Opening night was attended by 20,000 people, including many of Hollywood's silent screen stars. Klieg lights illuminated minaret structures on the roof.
The dance hall was renamed Rainbow Gardens by real estate developer Raymond Lewis, who purchased the property, added an indoor miniature golf course and changed the name to the Palomar Ballroom. It soon became a prime venue for the well-known bands that were rapidly gaining popularity. On August 21, 1935, Benny Goodman began his first Palomar engagement that marked the start of the swing era.
The ballroom hosted popular bands including those led by Tommy Dorsey, Glenn Miller, Artie Shaw, Glen Gray, Jimmy Dorsey, and Kay Kyser, among others. Nightly radio broadcasts on local station KFLJ attracted large crowds to the “Dining, Dancing and Entertainment Center of the West.” An aircheck from a Charlie Barnet broadcast is included in the LP “Radio Rhythm” (IAJRC 14). The famed structure was the backdrop for several major Hollywood films that included The Big Broadcast of 1937, made during Benny Goodman's return engagement, and Dancing Coed, which starred Lana Turner and Artie Shaw's band.
By 1939, the Palomar had been remodeled. A modern cooling system was installed, cocktail lounges and soda fountains were added and the dance floor was enlarged. The exotic Moorish decor was not changed. An advertisement announcing the gala reopening predicted “A premier audience of more than 20,000 persons – the expected attendance to be on hand for the gayest of all openings!”
Admission charges were 75 cents for gentlemen and 40 cents for ladies. On Sunday nights, a special dinner-dance ticket cost $1.25. It included a reserved table in the posh palm-lined Palomar Terrace for the entire evening, a seven-course dinner, a floor show and dancing until 2:00 AM. Valet parking was fifteen cents extra.
The management of the Palomar followed a strict color policy, as well.
The Palomar burned to the ground on October 2, 1939. The response of LAFD was delayed by an address error. The Charlie Barnet Orchestra lost most of its equipment in the fire. Their tune All Burned Up was a gallows humor reference to the event.
# Radom Synagogue

The Radom Synagogue (Polish: Synagoga w Radomiu) was a former Orthodox Jewish congregation and synagogue, located on Podwalna Street, previously named Bożnicza Street, in Radom, in the Masovian Voivodeship of Poland.

## History

Completed in 1846, the synagogue served as a house of prayer until World War II when it was destroyed by Nazis following the invasion of Poland in 1939. The synagogue was burned to the ground when the Radom Ghetto was set up. Almost all Radom Jews perished during the Holocaust in occupied Poland resulting in nearly complete abandonment of the site. After the end of war, the ruins of the synagogue were dismantled on the orders of the local pro-Soviet communist government.
In 1950, during the following period of Stalinism in Poland, at the empty lot where the synagogue once stood, the local officials erected a memorial commemorating the lost Jewish community of Radom based on a design of Jakub Zajdensznir, and inscribed as devoted to victims of Nazism.
# Corryville Formation

The Corryville Formation is a geologic formation in Ohio and Kentucky. It preserves fossils dating back to the Ordovician period.
# Claude, Duke of Guise

Claude de Lorraine, Duke of Guise (20 October 1496 – 12 April 1550) was a French aristocrat and general. He became the first Duke of Guise in 1528.
He was a highly effective general for the French crown. His children and grandchildren were to lead the Catholic party in the French Wars of Religion.

## Biography

Claude was born at the Château de Condé-sur-Moselle, the second son of René II, Duke of Lorraine, and Philippa of Guelders. He was educated at the French court of Francis I. On 9 June 1513, at the age of sixteen, Claude married Antoinette de Bourbon (1493–1583), daughter of François, Count of Vendôme.

## Military service

Claude distinguished himself at the Battle of Marignano (1515), and was long in recovering from the twenty-two wounds he received in the battle. In 1521, he fought at Fuenterrabia, and Louise of Savoy ascribed the capture of the place to his efforts. In 1522, he forced the English to raise the siege of Hesdin. In 1523, he became governor of Champagne and Burgundy, after defeating at Neufchâteau the imperial troops who had invaded this province. In 1525, Claude defeated a peasant army near Saverne (Zabern). Following Francis I's return from captivity, Claude was made Duke of Guise in 1527. The Guises, as cadets of the sovereign House of Lorraine and descendants of the Capetian House of Anjou, claimed precedence over the Bourbon, princes of Condé, and Conti.

## Marriage and issue

Claude married Antoinette de Bourbon, daughter of François, Count of Vendôme and Marie de Luxembourg, on 9 June 1513; they had:
* Mary of Guise (1515–1560); married firstly Louis II d'Orléans, Duke of Longueville and secondly king James V of Scotland and had issue, including Mary, Queen of Scots
* Francis, Duke of Guise (1519–1563)
* Louise of Guise (10 January 1520, Bar-le-Duc – 18 October 1542); married Charles I, Duke of Arschot on 20 February 1541.
* Renée of Guise (2 September 1522 – 3 April 1602), Abbess of St. Pierre, Reims
* Charles of Guise (1524–1574), Duke of Chevreuse, Archbishop of Reims, and Cardinal of Lorraine.
* Claude, Duke of Aumale (1526–1573)
* Louis I, Cardinal of Guise (1527–1578)
* Philip of Guise (3 September 1529, Joinville – 24 September 1529, Joinville) died in early childhood.
* Peter of Guise (b. 3 April 1530, Joinville); died at birth.
* Antoinette of Guise (31 August 1531, Joinville – 6 March 1561, Joinville), Abbess of Faremoutiers
* François de Lorraine, Grand Prior (18 April 1534, Joinville – 6 March 1563)
* René, Marquis of Elbeuf (1536–1566)
By an unnamed mistress, Claude had:
* son

## Death

Claude fell ill in 1550, and despite being under the care of five doctors, died on 12 April.
* Antoinette de Bourbon
* Queen Mary of Guise
* Duke Francis of Guise
* Cardinal Charles of Lorraine
* Queen Mary of Scots

## Ancestry

Ancestors of Claude, Duke of Guise :
# Youssef El Akchaoui

Youssef El Akchaoui (Arabic: يوسف العكشاوي; born 18 February 1981) is a Moroccan former professional footballer. He played as a left back.

## Club career

Having grown as a player at Excelsior, he joined ADO Den Haag in 2003 on a free transfer, and in the summer 2006, he signed a three-year deal with Eredivisie side NEC Nijmegen. On 20 January 2010, he was loaned to FC Augsburg for the remainder of the season.

## International career

He made his first cap for Morocco in the friendly match against Benin on 20 August 2008.
# Diospyros nilagirica

Diospyros nilagirica is an endemic tree species belonging to the family Ebenaceae, found in the wet evergreen forests of the Western Ghats.

## Description

This is an evergreen, dioecious tree species that grow up to 18 meters in height. The bark is 10–12 mm thick, black, and smooth, with a yellow blaze. The branchlets, young leaves, and inflorescences are densely covered with rufous tomentose. Leaves are simple, alternate and without stipules. The petiole is 6–12 mm long and glabrous. The lamina is elliptic, oblong-lanceolate, or ovate in shape, with an attenuate base, an acuminate apex, and an entire margin. The leaves are densely rufous tomentose when young, and glabrous when mature.
The flowers are unisexual and yellowish-white, with male flowers arranged in axillary cymes and female flowers solitary and axillary. The berry is globose, up to 2.5 cm in diameter and contains eight smooth seeds.
# 8th National Hockey League All-Star Game

The 8th National Hockey League All-Star Game took place at the Detroit Olympia, home of the Detroit Red Wings, on October 2, 1954. The Red Wings, winner of the 1954 Stanley Cup Finals, played a team of All-Stars, with the game ending in a 2–2 tie.

## Game summary

| | NHL All-Stars | Detroit Red Wings |
| Final score | 2 | 2 |
| Head coach | King Clancy (Toronto Maple Leafs) | Jimmy Skinner (Detroit Red Wings) |
| Lineup | Starting lineup: 1 - G Harry Lumley (Toronto Maple Leafs) 1 - G Al Rollins (Chicago Black Hawks) 2 - D Doug Harvey (Montreal Canadiens) 3 - D Gus Mortson (Chicago Black Hawks) 4 - D Bill Gadsby (Chicago Black Hawks) 5 - RW Bernie Geoffrion (Montreal Canadiens) 6 - C Fleming Mackell (Boston Bruins) 8 - LW Sid Smith (Toronto Maple Leafs) 9 - RW Maurice Richard (Montreal Canadiens) 10 - D Harry Howell (New York Rangers) 11 - D Bill Quackenbush (Boston Bruins) 12 - C Ted Kennedy (Toronto Maple Leafs) 14 - C Jean Beliveau (Montreal Canadiens) 15 - LW Ed Sandford (Boston Bruins) 16 - C Don Raleigh (New York Rangers) 17 - C Ken Mosdell (Montreal Canadiens) 18 - D Tim Horton (Toronto Maple Leafs) 20 - C Paul Ronty (New York Rangers) 23 - LW Doug Mohns (Boston Bruins) | Starting lineup: 1 - G Terry Sawchuk 2 - D Bob Goldham 3 - D Marcel Pronovost 4 - D Red Kelly 5 - D Benny Woit 7 - LW Ted Lindsay, C 8 - LW Tony Leswick 9 - RW Gordie Howe 10 - C Metro Prystai 11 - LW Marty Pavelich 12 - C Glen Skov 14 - C Earl Reibel 15 - C Alex Delvecchio 16 - LW Johnny Wilson 17 - RW Bill Dineen 18 - D Keith Allen 19 - C Don Poile 20 - LW Marcel Bonin |
| Scoring summary | Mortson (Gadsby, Kennedy), 4:19 2nd (PPG) Mohns (Beliveau), 13:10 2nd | Delvecchio (Lindsay, Reibel), 9:50 1st (PPG) Howe (Reibel, Kelly), 19:55 1st (PPG) |
| Penalties | Mortson, 1:37 1st Mackell, 8:30 1st Howell, 18:03 1st Horton, 18:26 1st Howell, 7:53 2nd Sandford, 13:27 2nd Mohns, 19:51 2nd Mortson, 3:57 3rd | Bonin, 5:48 1st Bonin, 13:18 1st Dineen, 4:01 2nd Bonin, 7:53 2nd Lindsay, 1:09 3rd Wld, 9:09 3rd |
| Win/Loss | T - Harry Lumley | T - Terry Sawchuck |
* Referee: Bill Chadwick
* Linesmen: George Hayes, Doug Young