OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Jean Fonteyne

Jean Fonteyne (1899–1974) was a Belgian lawyer, resistant, politician and filmmaker born in May 1899 in Ledeberg (near Ghent in East Flanders) and died on 22 June 1974.

## Biography

In 1933, he shot the film Journée Tayenne - 9 juillet 1933 with the photographer Albert Van Ommeslaghe (1890–1976). Between 1933 and 1936, he produced Autour du Borinage based on the filming of the film Misère au Borinage by Joris Ivens and Henri Storck. His filmed documents are of exceptional social contribution and artistic richness in the early days of the 7th Art.
He was a member of the Resistance during both world wars.
A member of the Communist Party of Belgium, he was a senator between 1946 and 1949.
Married to Andrée De Lannay, they had four children.
Jean Fonteyne is also known for a conference at the Belgian-Bulgarian Friendships on June 26, 1951, entitled “The Country of Dimitrov”.
Lawyer Jean Fonteyne, a former intern at the firm of Maître Paul-Émile Janson, is known for having created the Belgian legal journal "Revue générale des assurances et des responsabilités" which is now a reference in the field.
His commitment as a lawyer made him an active privileged witness to progressive causes before and after the war. In particular, he participated in the defense of French communist deputies whose party was banned in the 1930s, of the widow of Julien Lahaut in the context of the assassination of the Seresian deputy in the 1950s, as well as of the renowned obstetrician Willy Peers imprisoned in the early 1970s for having performed voluntary terminations of pregnancy.
He wrote several works such as "Le procès des 44" (the case of the deputies of the banned PCF), "Buchenwald" (testimony of his experience in a Nazi concentration camp), "Le combat de Hertz Jospa" (collective monograph on a comrade in arms), etc. His parliamentary interventions published in small booklets are a moving testimony to the progressive struggles of the immediate post-war period in Belgium.
Secretary of the Vigilance Committee of Anti-Fascist Intellectuals in the 1930s, Jean Fonteyne played an important role in the preparatory and contemporary advances in organized Belgian and French anti-Nazi resistance.
A man of great culture and profound modesty, throughout his communist commitment, open and convinced, he never ceased to privilege above all women and men, human relations of resistance and friendship, culture, pluralism and progress, outside of any sectarian or orthodox desire. This humanist uprightness earned him to be excluded from the Communist Party of Belgium from which he was violently excluded in 1965 for having refused to ostracize former comrades of deportation.
# Katy (given name)

Katy is a feminine given name. It is a variant spelling of Katie and Katey. Katy may refer to:

## In acting

* Katy Jurado, Mexican actress
* Katy Kung, Hong Kong actress
* Katy Kurtzman, American actress
* Katy Wix, British actress

## In music

* Katy B (Kathleen Brien), British singer-songwriter
* Katy Carr, British singer-songwriter
* Katy Perry (born 1984), American singer and songwriter
* Katy Rose, American pop singer

## In politics

* Katy Clark, British politician and trade union official
* Katy Hall, American politician
* Katy Gutierrez Munoz, Basque politician

## In media

* Katy Tur, American broadcast journalist working as correspondent for NBC News

## In art

* Katy Deepwell, British feminist art critic and academic

## In dance

* Katy Pyle, American dancer and choreographer

## In sports

* Katy Spychakov (born 1999), Israeli windsurfer
* Katy Watson (born 2005), English footballer

## In fiction

* Katy Carr, heroine of the series of children's book written by Susan Coolidge, notably
** What Katy Did
** What Katy Did Next
* Katy Fox, a character from the British soap opera Hollyoaks
* Katy Harris, a character from the British soap opera Coronation Street
* Katy Kat, a fictional anthropomorphic blue cat from the Parappa the Rapper games
* Katy Spaghetty, Betty Spaghetty's baby sister
* Katy Armstrong, a character from the British soap opera, Coronation Street
# SUMPAC

50°53′53″N 1°23′35″W﻿ / ﻿50.89798°N 1.39292°W﻿ / 50.89798; -1.39292
The Southampton University Man Powered Aircraft (or SUMPAC) on 9 November 1961 became the first human-powered aeroplane to make an officially authenticated take-off and flight. It was designed and built by Southampton university students between 1960 and 1961 for an attempt at the Kremer prize, but it was never able to complete the 'figure-of-eight' course specified to claim the prize money.

## Design and development

The aircraft was designed and built by a team of post-graduate students from Southampton University. Intended to compete for the £50,000 Kremer Prize (requiring successful completion of a one-mile (1.6 km) 'figure of eight' course) the project was funded by the Royal Aeronautical Society.
The aircraft is of conventional configuration, with the exception of a pylon mounted pusher propeller, and is constructed from balsa, plywood and aluminium alloy. Originally covered with silver-doped Nylon the aircraft now sports a transparent plastic skin on the fuselage.
The SUMPAC was powered using pedals and chains to drive a large two-bladed propeller. Piloted by noted gliding instructor and test pilot Derek Piggott, its first flight on 9 November 1961 at Lasham airfield covered a distance of 70 yards (64 m) and climbed to a height of six feet (1.8 m). The longest flight made was 650 yards (594 m) rising to a maximum height of 15 ft (4.6 m). Turns were attempted, with 80 degrees the best achieved. A total of 40 flights were made by SUMPAC. After a crash in 1963 which caused damage to the fragile structure it was decided to retire the aircraft although it had been repaired.
The SUMPAC is currently on display at the Solent Sky museum; it was loaned for some time to the Shuttleworth Collection but now resides in its hometown of Southampton.

## Specifications

Data from The World's Sailplanes:Die Segelflugzeuge der Welt:Les Planeurs du Monde Volume II
General characteristics
* Crew: 1
* Length: 24 ft 9 in (7.54 m)
* Wingspan: 80 ft 1 in (24.4 m)
* Wing area: 300 sq ft (27.9 m$^2$)
* Aspect ratio: 21.3
* Airfoil: NACA 65$_a$ 818
* Empty weight: 128 lb (58.1 kg)
* Gross weight: 268 lb (121.6 kg)
Performance
* Never exceed speed: 21 mph (33 km/h, 18 kn)
* g limits: +1.5 -1 at 16.4 mph; 14.3 kn (26.4 km/h)
* Maximum glide ratio: 34 at 65 mph; 57 kn (105 km/h)
* Rate of sink: 37 ft/min (0.19 m/s) at 17 mph; 15 kn (27 km/h)
* Lift-to-drag: 36 at 20 mph; 17 kn (32 km/h)
* Wing loading: 0.89 lb/sq ft (4.35 kg/m$^2$)
# Arbor Vitae, Wisconsin

Arbor Vitae is a town in Vilas County, Wisconsin, United States. The population was 3,153 at the 2000 census. The unincorporated community of Arbor Vitae is located in the town.

## Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 71.3 square miles (184.6 km$^2$), of which, 62.6 square miles (162.1 km$^2$) of it is land and 8.7 square miles (22.5 km$^2$) of it (12.19%) is water. Nearby surrounding towns include Woodruff, Minocqua, Boulder Junction, and Sayner.

## Transportation
### Airports

Arbor Vitae is served by the Lakeland Airport / Noble F. Lee Memorial Field (KARV). Located one mile west of the town, the airport handles approximately 27,000 operations per year, with roughly 88% general aviation and 12% air taxi. The airport has a 5,150 foot asphalt primary runway with approved GPS and LOC approaches (Runway 18/36) and a 3,602 foot asphalt crosswind runway with approved GPS and NDB approaches (Runway 10/28).
The Rhinelander-Oneida County Airport (KRHI) serves Arbor Vitae and surrounding communities with both scheduled commercial jet service and general aviation services.

## Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 3,153 people, 1,373 households, and 947 families residing in the town. The population density was 50.4 people per square mile (19.5/km$^2$). There were 2,442 housing units at an average density of 39.0 per square mile (15.1/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the town was 97.24% White, 0.03% African American, 1.43% Native American, 0.22% Asian, 0.03% Pacific Islander, 0.06% from other races, and 0.98% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.86% of the population.
There were 1,373 households, out of which 23.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 58.9% were married couples living together, 6.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 31.0% were non-families. 25.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.30 and the average family size was 2.73.
In the town, the population was spread out, with 20.8% under the age of 18, 5.0% from 18 to 24, 26.4% from 25 to 44, 26.1% from 45 to 64, and 21.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 44 years. For every 100 females, there were 100.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 97.6 males.
The median income for a household in the town was $36,472, and the median income for a family was $42,308. Males had a median income of $27,060 versus $20,602 for females. The per capita income for the town was $17,778. About 2.6% of families and 3.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 4.2% of those under age 18 and 3.0% of those age 65 or over.
# Northwood, New Zealand

Northwood is a suburb on the northern outskirts of Christchurch city. It was developed in 2000 as a subdivision of Belfast on land previously used for apple orchards. The name "Northwood" was accepted at a meeting of the Shirley-Papanui Community Board on 2 February 2000.
Farmland north-west of what later became Northwood was developed into Peppers Clearwater Resort in 1998.
The Groynes is a large park between Northwood and Clearwater. Styx Mill Conservation Reserve is on the south side of Northwood.

## Demographics

Northwood, comprising the statistical areas of Northwood and Clearwater, covers 7.23 km$^2$ (2.79 sq mi). It had an estimated population of 4,560 as of June 2024, with a population density of 631 people per km$^2$.
Northwood had a population of 4,266 at the 2018 New Zealand census, an increase of 108 people (2.6%) since the 2013 census, and an increase of 1,293 people (43.5%) since the 2006 census. There were 1,650 households, comprising 2,097 males and 2,166 females, giving a sex ratio of 0.97 males per female, with 681 people (16.0%) aged under 15 years, 609 (14.3%) aged 15 to 29, 2,037 (47.7%) aged 30 to 64, and 939 (22.0%) aged 65 or older.
Ethnicities were 83.5% European/Pākehā, 4.6% Māori, 0.8% Pasifika, 13.7% Asian, and 2.5% other ethnicities. People may identify with more than one ethnicity.
The percentage of people born overseas was 24.0, compared with 27.1% nationally.
Although some people chose not to answer the census's question about religious affiliation, 41.6% had no religion, 48.3% were Christian, 0.1% had Māori religious beliefs, 0.8% were Hindu, 1.3% were Muslim, 0.8% were Buddhist and 1.1% had other religions.
Of those at least 15 years old, 882 (24.6%) people had a bachelor's or higher degree, and 546 (15.2%) people had no formal qualifications. 1,002 people (27.9%) earned over $70,000 compared to 17.2% nationally. The employment status of those at least 15 was that 1,701 (47.4%) people were employed full-time, 561 (15.6%) were part-time, and 93 (2.6%) were unemployed.
Individual statistical areas :
| Name | Area (km$^2$) | Population | Density (per km$^2$) | Households | Median age | Median income |
| Clearwater | 5.71 | 699 | 122 | 279 | 50.8 years | $50,300 |
| Northwood | 1.45 | 3,567 | 2,460 | 1,371 | 48.2 years | $37,400 |
| New Zealand | | | | | 37.4 years | $31,800 |

## Northwood Supa Centre

The Northwood Supa Centre shopping complex opened in the 2000s. It covers an area of 33,062 m$^2$ and features 29 retailers, including Burnsco, PandaMart, Spotlight, Repco and Smiths City.
# Kilgetty railway station

Kilgetty railway station serves Kilgetty in Pembrokeshire, Wales.
The station is a request stop so passengers wishing to alight should make their intentions known to the on-board train staff at the start of their journey, while passengers wishing to board should make a clear signal to the driver as the train approaches.

## Services

Services at Kilgetty are provided by Transport for Wales which run at approximately 2-hour intervals in both directions. Great Western Railway also run a Summer Saturday only service that calls once a day.
| Preceding station | National Rail | National Rail | National Rail | Following station |
| Narberth | | Transport for Wales Pembroke Dock branch | | Saundersfoot |
| Narberth | | Great Western Railway London - Pembroke + (Once a Day "Summer Saturdays' ONLY") | | Saundersfoot |
# The Blue Caps

The Blue Caps were a pioneering American rock and roll band of the 1950s, the backing band for early rockabilly icon Gene Vincent. They were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2012, as part of a class of overlooked backing bands selected by a special committee.
Robert Burke Warren, writing for the Hall of Fame, called them "One of the first self-contained rock & roll bands", while Rolling Stone has called them "The first rock & roll band in the world".
Members inducted into the Hall of Fame were guitarists Cliff Gallup, Tommy "Bubba" Facenda, Paul Peek, Willie Williams, and Johnny Meeks; bassists Bobby Jones and Jack Neal; and drummer Dickie Harrell, who died in 2023. Drummers Juvy Gomez and Clyde Pennington, bassist Bill Mack, piano player Max Lipscomb, and guitarists Grady Owen and Jerry Merritt were also members at various times.
   Vincent knocked the lights out of every stage he hit, and his Blue Caps picked up the pieces and threw them out the window.
The Blue Caps appeared, backing Gene Vincent, in the movies The Girl Can't Help It (1956) and Hot Rod Gang (1958).
The Blue Caps wore flat light blue caps on stage.
The Blue Caps disbanded before the end of the 1950s, but reformed with original members Meeks, Peek, Harrell, Jones, and Facenda for a 1982 tour of England and a new record.

## Discography
### With Gene Vincent

* Bluejean Bop! (1956, Columbia)
* Gene Vincent and the Blue Caps (1957, Capitol T811, US & UK)
* Gene Vincent Rocks! And the Blue Caps Roll! (1958, Capitol – T-970, US & UK)

### Solo

* Unleashed (1982, Magnum Force)
* On The Road Again (1984, Magnum Force, MFLP – 1020)
* The Blue Caps – Hep To The Beat With The Blue Caps & Friends (2004, Pollytone – PEPCD 119, UK)
# Joseph Zong Huaide (Shaanxi)

Joseph Zong Huaide (Chinese: 宗怀德; 5 March 1920 – 5 January 2021) was a Chinese Roman Catholic Bishop of Roman Catholic Diocese of Shaanxi, China.

## Biography

Zong was born in Sanyuan County, Shaanxi in March 1920. From 1935 to 1948 he studied at a Catholic church which is named "Jintongfang Little Catholic Church" (Chinese: 进通远坊小修院). He was ordained as priest on 5 June 1949. After the founding of the Communist State, the Roman Catholic was persecuted by the Communist government. He worked at home between 1961 and 1965. On 23 October 1985, he was approved by Pope John Paul II to be the Bishop of Sanyuan Diocese. On 9 August 1987, he was secretly consecrated bishop by Bishop of Tongyuan Roman Catholic Church Li Jingfeng (Chinese: 李镜峰). Some years later, he was recognized as bishop by the Chinese civil authorities. On 23 December 1997, he went to Rome and was received by Pope John Paul II. He died in Sanyuan in January 2021 at the age of 100.
# Olga Malinkiewicz

Olga Malinkiewicz (Polish pronunciation:; born 26 November 1982) is a Polish physicist, inventor and entrepreneur. She is known for inventing a method of producing solar cells based on perovskites using inkjet printing. She is a co-founder and the Chief Technology Officer at Saule Technologies. She is the recipient of two European Inventor Awards (2024).

## Biography

Malinkiewicz was born in 1982 in Wrocław, Poland. She started her studies at the Faculty of Physics at the University of Warsaw, where she obtained a Bachelor in 2005. She graduated from the Barcelona University of Technology in Barcelona in 2010. While still a student, in 2009 she started working at the ICFO Institute. In 2017, she obtained her PhD from ICMol – Institute for Molecular Science of the University of Valencia at the group of Dr. Henk Bolink, with a thesis on low cost, efficient hybrid solar cells. In 2014 she founded Saule Technologies, with private backing and turned down an offer of €1 million (US$1.3 million) for 10% of the start-up. The name of the company derives from Saulė, the goddess of the Sun in Baltic mythology.

## Awards

During her studies, Olga developed a novel perovskite solar cell architecture allowing the fabrication of such devices at low temperatures, while retaining high efficiency. She has been granted with the Photonics21 Student Innovation award in a competition organised by the European Commission in 2014 for this achievement. She published an article on the subject in Nature Scientific Reports. In 2015 Olga was honored with an award in the Innovators Under 35 ranking, organized by MIT Technology Review for "developing a new technology that could spark a “social revolution” in renewable energies".
In 2016, she was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Order of Polonia Restituta by the President of Poland Andrzej Duda for her "outstanding contributions to the development of Polish science". For her future science and business activities, she was distinguished by the American Chemical Society as one of the top women entrepreneurs in new technologies.
In 2021, she received the Lem's Planet Award in the technology category for her invention and commercialization of the printed perovskite-based solar cells. In 2024, as the first Polish woman scientist, she received two European Inventor Awards presented by the European Patent Office. The first award was granted in the Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises category while the second one was in the Popular Prize category. Malinkiewicz and her team were recognized for "advancing solar energy technology with their cost-effective and environmentally friendly perovskite solar cells", which was described as a visionary idea and a technology that can change the world.

## Professional life

In 2015, she co-founded Saule Technologies (named after the Baltic sun goddess), along with two Polish businessmen. A partnership was signed in January 2018 with the Swedish construction company Skanska. The company is also looking for partnership with other companies operating in the Middle East. It is also working with Egis Group, a rigid plastics film producer, on the encapsulation of the cells.
# I 2 (EYE)

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| Jesus Freak Hideout | |
i 2 (EYE) is Michael W. Smith's fifth album overall and his second album to be certified gold. Smith collaborated again with lyricist Wayne Kirkpatrick, and produced a music video for the song "Secret Ambition". The album peaked at No. 1 on the Top Contemporary Christian charts.

## Track listing

All songs written by Michael W. Smith and Wayne Kirkpatrick except where noted.

## Personnel

Musicians
* Michael W. Smith – keyboards, lead vocals (1–8, 10, 11), backing vocals (2, 3, 6, 7, 10), horn arrangements (6), drum programming (9)
* Dann Huff – guitars (1–8)
* Chris Rodriguez – guitars (1, 3, 5, 6, 8), backing vocals (4, 6, 8, 11)
* Jerry McPherson – guitars (2, 4, 9, 10), acoustic guitar (7)
* Tom Hemby – guitars (6, 8, 10, 11), bass (9, 11)
* Mark O'Connor – mandolins (9), fiddles (9)
* Billy Sprague – acoustic guitar (11)
* Mike Brignardello – bass (1–5, 7, 8)
* Tommy Sims – bass (6)
* Gary Lunn – bass (10)
* Paul Leim – drums (1–4, 6–8, 10)
* Mark Hammond – drum programming (11)
* Terry McMillan – percussion (1, 3, 5, 7, 8), harmonica (1)
* Bob Mason – cello (5)
* George Binkley – violin (5)
* John Borg – violin (5)
* Carl Gorodetzsky – violin (5)
* Ronn Huff – string arrangements (5)
* Mark Douthit – horns (6), horn arrangements (6)
* Barry Green – horns (6), horn arrangements (6)
* Mike Haynes – horns (6), horn arrangements (6)
* Wayne Kirkpatrick – backing vocals (1–8, 10), acoustic guitar (3), drum programming (9)
* Chris Harris – backing vocals (1, 2, 4, 5, 8, 10), recitation (6)
* Mark Heimmerman – backing vocals (2, 5)
* Oz Fox – backing vocals (4)
* Billy Simon – backing vocals (4)
* Michael Sweet – backing vocals (4)

### Choir on "The Throne"

* Chris Harris
* Jan Harris
* Amy Heimmerman
* Mark Heimmerman
* Angel Palacastro
* Chris Rodriguez
* Lisa Rodriguez
* Kim Smith
* Don Wise

### Children's choir on "The Throne"

* Anna Kristen Caker
* Benji Cowart
* Jeremy Cowart
* Dana Dawson
* Daniel Dorris
* Heather Holland
* Shannon Love
* Sara Yarborough
* Kathie Hill – children's choir director
Production
* Michael Blanton – executive producer
* Jeff Moseley – executive producer
* Michael W. Smith – producer
* Wayne Kirkpatrick – producer
* Bill Whittington – engineer, mixing
* Lynn Fuston – additional engineer
* Steve Bishir – assistant engineer
* John Bouchillon – assistant engineer
* Mike Clute – assistant engineer
* Brian Hardin – assistant engineer
* Mark Nevers – assistant engineer
* Dave Parker – assistant engineer
* Carry Summers – assistant engineer
* Ken Love – editing
* Hank Williams – mastering at MasterMix (Nashville, Tennessee)
* Jackson Design Nashville – design
* Eika Aoshima – photography
* Jonathan Scow-Cloutier – styling
* Wendy Osmundson – grooming

## Chart performance
### Weekly charts

| Chart (1988) | Peak position |
| US Christian Albums (Billboard) | 1 |

## Certifications

| Country | Sales | Certifications |
| United States (RIAA) | 500,000 | Gold |
# Arthur Wehnelt

Arthur Rudolph Berthold Wehnelt (April 4, 1871 – February 15, 1944) was a German physicist, noted for important contributions in the fields of X-ray physics, gas discharges and electron emission.

## Life

Wehnelt's parents returned to Germany from Brazil when he was still a boy. He studied physics at the Technische Hochschule Charlottenburg, and from 1893 to 1897 at the Friedrich-Wilhelms University in Berlin. He received his PhD in 1898 in Erlangen. He taught as a lecturer from 1901 and associate professor of physics from 1904 at the Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg. He moved again in 1906 to the University of Berlin, where he taught until his retirement in 1937 as a professor and research. In 1934 he was appointed director of the Physics Department.

## Work

In 1899, he invented the Wehnelt interrupter for induction coils. This device used a platinum electrode immersed in electrolyte. When current was passed through it the gas bubbles evolved caused repeated interruption in the current. It was able to develop higher voltages from induction coils, and was widely employed in the large induction coils that powered early x-ray machines until the 1920s.
Much of Wehnelt's research dealt with thermionic emission, the emission of electrons in vacuum tubes. In this context, he developed in 1902/03 the Wehnelt cylinder, an electrode used in electron guns. In 1904 he developed what is arguably his most important invention, the Wehnelt or oxide cathode for vacuum tubes. He found that when the cathode in a vacuum tube is coated with an alkaline earth metal oxide, such as calcium oxide or barium oxide, its work function is reduced, causing it to emit electrons more rapidly. The oxide cathode became the standard type of cathode used in vacuum tubes to the present day.

## Awards and honors

* John Scott Medal (1905)