# List of the Cenozoic life of Montana

This list of the Cenozoic life of Montana contains the various prehistoric life-forms whose fossilized remains have been reported from within the US state of Montana and are between 66 million and 10,000 years of age.

## A

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* Living Abies, or fir trees Abies
** †Abies alvordensis
** †Abies concoloroides
** †Abies laticarpa
* Acer
** †Acer bendirei
** †Acer bolanderi
** †Acer glabroides
** †Acer minor
** †Acer newberryi
** †Acer oregonianum
** †Acer scottiae
** †Acer silberlingi
* †Acheronodon
** †Acheronodon garbani – type locality for species
* Acipenser
* †Acmeodon
* Mounted fossilized skeleton of the Miocene horse Acritohippus †Acritohippus
** †Acritohippus isonesus
* †Acritoparamys
** †Acritoparamys atavus – type locality for species
* †Actinodonta
* †Adjidaumo
** †Adjidaumo intermedius – or unidentified comparable form
** †Adjidaumo minimus – type locality for species
* †Adunator
** †Adunator ladae
* †Aelurodon
** †Aelurodon ferox – or unidentified comparable form
** †Aelurodon montanensis – type locality for species
* Life restoration of the Miocene camel Aepycamelus, or the long-necked camel. Heinrich Harder (1920). †Aepycamelus
** †Aepycamelus stocki
* †Agnotocastor
** †Agnotocastor montanus
* †Agriochoerus
** †Agriochoerus maximus – type locality for species
** †Agriochoerus minimus
* †Agrostis
** †Agrostis primaeva
* †Ailanthus
** †Ailanthus americana
* Alangium
** †Alangium thomae
* †Alepidophora
** †Alepidophora maxima – type locality for species
* †Alismaphyllites
** †Alismaphyllites grandifolius
* Alnus
** †Alnus jarbidgana
** †Alnus protomaximowiczii
** †Alnus relata
* †Alphagaulus
** †Alphagaulus pristinus
* Life restoration of the Miocene elephant relative Amebelodon. Margret Flinsch (1932). †Amebelodon
** †Amebelodon floridanus – or unidentified comparable form
* Amelanchier
** †Amelanchier couleeana
** †Amelanchier covea
* †Amentotaxus
** †Amentotaxus campbelli
* Amia
** †Amia fragosa
** †Amia uintaensis
* †Ampelopsis
** †Ampelopsis acerifolia
* †Amphechinus
** †Amphechinus horncloudi
* Life restoration of the Miocene-Pliocene beardog Amphicyon †Amphicyon
** †Amphicyon riggsi – type locality for species
* †Amynodon
** †Amynodon advenus – or unidentified comparable form
* †Amyzon
* †Anacodon
** †Anacodon ursidens – or unidentified comparable form
* Anas
** †Anas platyrhynchos – or unidentified comparable form
* †Ancenycteris
** †Ancenycteris rasmusseni
* †Anconodon
** †Anconodon cochranensis
** †Anconodon gidleyi – type locality for species
* †Anemia
** †Anemia elongata
* Fossilized tooth of the Oligocene-Miocene shark Carcharocles angustidens †Angustidens
** †Angustidens vireti – or unidentified comparable form
* †Anisonchus
** †Anisonchus oligistus
** †Anisonchus sectorius
* †Ansomys
** †Ansomys hepburnensis – type locality for species
** †Ansomys nexodens
* †Antholithes
** †Antholithes asterias – type locality for species
** †Antholithes botryanthera – type locality for species
** †Antholithes divaricanthera – type locality for species
** †Antholithes explodens – type locality for species
** †Antholithes glandulifera – type locality for species
** †Antholithes onagracioides – type locality for species
** †Antholithes tropaeoloides – type locality for species
** †Antholithes tulipoidea – type locality for species
** †Antholithes umbelloidea – type locality for species
** †Antholithes urnanthera – type locality for species
** †Antholithes zygomorpha – type locality for species
* Antilocapra – or unidentified comparable form
** †Antilocapra americana
* †Aphelops
* †Aphronorus
** †Aphronorus fraudator – type locality for species
** †Aphronorus orieli
* †Apternodus
** †Apternodus baladontus – type locality for species
** †Apternodus mediaevus – type locality for species
* †Araceaeites
* †Araucaria
** †Araucaria longifolia
* Fossilized skull of the Oligocene bone-crushing dog Archaeocyon †Archaeocyon
** †Archaeocyon leptodus
* †Archaeohippus
* †Archaeolagus
* †Archisyrphus – type locality for genus
** †Archisyrphus opacus – type locality for species
* †Arctocyon
** †Arctocyon ferox
* Restoration of an Arctodus, or short-faced bear, with a human to scale †Arctodus
** †Arctodus simus
* †Arctostaphylos
** †Arctostaphylos cuneata
* †Ardynomys
** †Ardynomys occidentalis – type locality for species
* †Arretotherium
** †Arretotherium acridens – type locality for species
* Arundo
** †Arundo pseudogoepperti
* Arvicola
** †Arvicola richardsonii
* †aspera
** †aspera aspera
* A living Astronium tree, which is related to cashews †Astronium
** †Astronium truncatum
* †Athyana
** †Athyana haydenii
* †Atoposemys
** †Atoposemys entopteros
* †Aulolithomys
** †Aulolithomys bounites – type locality for species
* †Averrhoites
** †Averrhoites affinis
* †Avunculus
** †Avunculus didelphodonti – type locality for species
* †Axestemys
** †Axestemys montinsana
* Living Azolla water ferns Azolla
** †Azolla elegans – type locality for species
** †Azolla fragilis – type locality for species
** †Azolla velus

## B

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* †Baioconodon
** †Baioconodon denverensis – or unidentified comparable form
** †Baioconodon engdahli – type locality for species
** †Baioconodon nordicus – type locality for species
* †Baiotomeus
** †Baiotomeus douglassi
** †Baiotomeus lamberti – type locality for species
* †Bathygenys
** †Bathygenys alpha – type locality for species
* Shoot and flowers of a modern Berberis, or barberry †Berberis
** †Berberis acanthoides
* Berchemia
** †Berchemia huanoides
* †Beringiaphyllum
** †Beringiaphyllum cupanioides
* †Bessoecetor
** †Bessoecetor septentrionalis
* Betula
** †Betula fairii
** †Betula stevensoni
** †Betula thor
** †Betula vera
* Bibio – or unidentified related form
* Bison
** †Bison bison
** Mounted fossilized skeleton of the Pleistocene Bison latifrons, also known as the giant bison or long-horned bison †Bison latifrons – or unidentified comparable form
* †Bisonalveus
** †Bisonalveus browni
* †Blastomeryx
** †Blastomeryx gemmifer
* †Bootherium
* †Borealosuchus
** †Borealosuchus sternbergii
* †Brachychampsa
* Restorative portrait of the Miocene oreodont mammal Brachycrus †Brachycrus
** †Brachycrus laticeps
* †Brachyerix
** †Brachyerix incertis
* †Brachyrhynchocyon
** †Brachyrhynchocyon dodgei
** †Brachyrhynchocyon montanus – type locality for species
* †Browniea
** †Browniea serrata

## C

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* †Caesalpinites
** †Caesalpinites acuminatus
** †Caesalpinites coloradicus
* †Calycites
** †Calycites hexaphylla
* Life restoration of the Pliocene-Holocene camel Camelops †Camelops
** †Camelops minidokae
* †Camponotites
* †Canavalia
** †Canavalia eocenica
* Canis
** †Canis latrans
** †Canis lupus
* †Canna
** †Canna flaccidafolia
* †Carcinodon
** †Carcinodon aquilonius
* †Cardiospermum
** †Cardiospermum terminalis
* Carpinus
** †Carpinus fraterna
** †Carpinus lanceolata
* †Carpites
** †Carpites amygdaloides – type locality for species
** †Carpites carumcarvi – type locality for species
** †Carpites eludens – type locality for species
** †Carpites gracilens – type locality for species
** †Carpites paniculatus – type locality for species
** †Carpites polygonoides
** †Carpites pruniformis – type locality for species
** †Carpites racemosus – type locality for species
** †Carpites verrucosus
* †Carpodaptes
** †Carpodaptes hazelae – type locality for species
** †Carpodaptes jepseni – tentative report
* Life restoration of the Paleocene primate relative Carpolestes †Carpolestes
** †Carpolestes nigridens – type locality for species
* Carya
** †Carya antiquorum
** †Carya libbeyi
* †Cassia
** †Cassia fayettensis
** †Cassia hesperia
** †Cassia reticuloides
* Castanea
** †Castanea dolichophylla
** †Castanea intermedia
** †Castanea miomollissima
** †Castanea spokanensis
** †Castanea spolanensis
* Castor
** †Castor californicus
** A living Castor canadensis, or North American beaver †Castor canadensis
* †Catalpa
** †Catalpa rubyensis – type locality for species
* †Catopsalis
** †Catopsalis alexanderi
** †Catopsalis waddleae
* Ceanothus
** †Ceanothus prespinosus
** †Ceanothus variabilis
* Cedrela
** †Cedrela lancifolia
** †Cedrela pteraformis
* †Celastrus
** †Celastrus typicus
* Celtis
** †Celtis aspera
** †Celtis aspera (Newberry)
** †Celtis chaneyi
** †Celtis kansana
** †Celtis mccoshii
** †Celtis peracuminata
* †Centetodon
** †Centetodon kuenzii – type locality for species
** †Centetodon magnus
* Cercidiphyllum
** †Cercidiphyllum arcticum
** †Cercidiphyllum articum
** †Cercidiphyllum crenatum
** †Cercidiphyllum elongatum
** †Cercidiphyllum genetrix
* Flowers of a living Cercis or redbud tree Cercis
** †Cercis parvifolia
** †Cercis spokanensis
* †Cercocarpus
** †Cercocarpus antiquus
** †Cercocarpus beaannae
** †Cercocarpus myricaefolius
* †Chadrolagus
** †Chadrolagus emryi
* †Chaetoptelea
** †Chaetoptelea microphylla
* †Chamaecyparis
** †Chamaecyparis linguaefolia
* †Chamops
** †Chamops segnis – or unidentified comparable form
* Life restoration of the Late Cretaceous-Eocene choristoderan reptile Champsosaurus †Champsosaurus
* †Chiromyoides
** †Chiromyoides potior
* †Chisternon
** †Chisternon interpositum – type locality for species
* †Chriacus
** †Chriacus baldwini
** †Chriacus calenancus
** †Chriacus pelvidens
** †Chriacus punitor
* †Chthonophis – type locality for genus
** †Chthonophis subterraneus – type locality for species
* †Cimexomys
** †Cimexomys minor – type locality for species
* †Cimolestes
** †Cimolestes incisus
* A living Cinnamomum, or cinnamon tree Cinnamomum
** †Cinnamomum sezannense
* Cissus
** †Cissus marginata
* †Claenodon
** †Claenodon montanensis
* Clematis
** †Clematis ellensburgensis
* Cocculus
** †Cocculus heteromorpha
* †Colodon
** †Colodon cingulatus
** †Colodon kayi – type locality for species
** †Colodon woodi – or unidentified comparable form
* †Colpoclaenus
** †Colpoclaenus keeferi – tentative report
** †Colpoclaenus procyonoides – or unidentified comparable form
* †Colubrina
** †Colubrina asiatica – or unidentified comparable form
** †Colubrina preelliptica
* †Compsemys
** †Compsemys victa
* †Coniferites
** †Coniferites conicus – type locality for species
** †Coniferites ovatus – type locality for species
** †Coniferites strobiliformis – type locality for species
* Illustration of fossilized vertebrae of the Late Cretaceous-Eocene snake Coniophis. Othniel Charles Marsh (1892). †Coniophis – or unidentified comparable form
** †Coniophis precedens
* †Contogenys
** †Contogenys ekalakaensis – type locality for species
** †Contogenys sloani
* †Conzattia
** †Conzattia coriacea
* †Copedelphys
** †Copedelphys stevensoni – or unidentified comparable form
** †Copedelphys titanelix – type locality for species
* †Copemys
** †Copemys lindsayi – type locality for species
* †Coriphagus
** †Coriphagus montanus – type locality for species
* Cornus
** †Cornus cornella
** †Cornus hyperborea
** †Cornus ovalis
* †Corylus
** †Corylus insignis
* †Coryphodon
** †Coryphodon proterus – type locality for species
* †Cosmocomoidea
** †Cosmocomoidea greenwalti – type locality for species
** †Cosmocomoidea kootenai – type locality for species
** †Cosmocomoidea rasnitsyni – type locality for species
* Fossilized skeleton of the Miocene pronghorn-relative Cosoryx †Cosoryx – tentative report
* Crataegus
** †Crataegus elwyni
** †Crataegus pacifica
* †Credneria
** †Credneria daturaefolia
* Crematogaster
** †Crematogaster aurora – type locality for species
* †Crustulus – type locality for genus
** †Crustulus fontanus – type locality for species
* †Cryptoryctes – type locality for genus
** †Cryptoryctes kayi – type locality for species
* Culiseta
** †Culiseta kishenehn – type locality for species
** †Culiseta lemniscata – type locality for species
* †Cupidinimus
** †Cupidinimus halli – type locality for species
* †Cyclurus
** †Cyclurus fragosus
* †Cylindrodon – type locality for genus
** †Cylindrodon fontis – type locality for species
* †Cynodesmus
** †Cynodesmus thooides – type locality for species
* Cynomys
** A living Cynomys ludovicianus, or black-tailed prairie dog †Cynomys ludovicianus

## D

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* †Dalbergia
** Foliage of a living Dalbergia retusa tree †Dalbergia retusa
* †Daphoenictis – or unidentified comparable form
* †Davidia
** †Davidia antiqua
* †Davispia – type locality for genus
** †Davispia bearcreekensis – type locality for species
* †Derrisemys – type locality for genus
** †Derrisemys sterea – type locality for species
* †Desmatochoerus
** †Desmatochoerus hatcheri – type locality for species
* †Desmatolagus – tentative report
* †Deuterogonodon
** †Deuterogonodon montanus – type locality for species
* †Diceratherium
** †Diceratherium annectens
** †Diceratherium armatum
** †Diceratherium radtkei – type locality for species
* †Didymictis
* †Dillerlemur
** †Dillerlemur pagei – type locality for species
* Life restoration of the Eocene-Miocene false saber-toothed cat Dinictis. Robert Bruce Horsfall (1913). †Dinictis
* †Dinohippus
* †Dioctria – tentative report
** †Dioctria jamesi – type locality for species
* †Diospyros
** †Diospyros oregoniana
* †Diphysa
** †Diphysa presuberosa
* †Diplodipelta – type locality for genus
** †Diplodipelta reniptera
* Fossilized samara of the Eocene-modern Dipteronia tree Dipteronia
** †Dipteronia insignis
* †Dissacus
* †Dixella
** †Dixella curvistyla – type locality for species
** †Dixella eomarginata – type locality for species
** †Dixella intacta – type locality for species
** †Dixella spinilobata – type locality for species
* Dolichoderus
** †Dolichoderus dlusskyi – type locality for species
* †Domnina
** †Domnina gradata – or unidentified comparable form
** †Domnina thompsoni – type locality for species
* †Domninoides
* †Dorraletes
** †Dorraletes diminutivus
* †Douglassciurus
** †Douglassciurus jeffersoni – type locality for species
* †Downsimus
* Fossilized horns, jaws, and limb bones of the Miocene deer relative Dromomeryx †Dromomeryx
** †Dromomeryx borealis
* †Dryinoides – type locality for genus
** †Dryinoides oxyrhachis – type locality for species
* Dryopteris
** †Dryopteris lakesi
** †Dryopteris serrata

## E

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* Fossilized skull of the Paleocene-Eocene mammal Ectocion †Ectocion
** †Ectocion cedrus
** †Ectocion collinus
* †Ectoganus
** †Ectoganus lobdelli
* †Ectypodus
** †Ectypodus aphronorus – type locality for species
** †Ectypodus laytoni – or unidentified comparable form
** †Ectypodus lovei
** †Ectypodus powelli – or unidentified comparable form
** †Ectypodus szalayi – type locality for species
* †Ellipsodon
** †Ellipsodon lemuroides
* Life restoration of the Eocene-Oligocene anthracothere mammal Elomeryx †Elomeryx – tentative report
* †Elphidotarsius
** †Elphidotarsius florencae – type locality for species
** †Elphidotarsius russelli
* †Elpidophorus
** †Elpidophorus elegans
** †Elpidophorus minor – type locality for species
* †Entoptychus
** †Entoptychus montanensis
* †Eoanaphes – type locality for genus
** †Eoanaphes stethynioides – type locality for species
* †Eoanomala – type locality for genus
** †Eoanomala melas – type locality for species
* †Eoconodon
** †Eoconodon hutchisoni
** †Eoconodon nidhoggi
* †Eoeustochus – type locality for genus
** †Eoeustochus borchersi – type locality for species
** †Eoeustochus kishenehn – type locality for species
* †Eoformica
** †Eoformica brevipetiola – type locality for species
** †Eoformica latimedia – type locality for species
** †Eoformica pinguis
* †Eogyropsylla
** †Eogyropsylla paveloctogenarius – type locality for species
* †Eolestes
** †Eolestes ramosus – type locality for species
** †Eolestes syntheticus
* †Eotitanops
* Mounted fossilized skeleton of the Miocene bone-crushing dog Epicyon †Epicyon
** †Epicyon haydeni
* †Epihippus
** †Epihippus gracilis – or unidentified comparable form
* †Epoicotherium
** †Epoicotherium unicum
* †Equisetum
** †Equisetum aquatile – type locality for species
** †Equisetum arcticum
** †Equisetum octangulatum
* Equus
** Life restoration of the Pleistocene-Holocene Equus conversidens, or Mexican horse †Equus conversidens – or unidentified comparable form
** †Equus proversus
* Erucius – tentative report
** †Erucius lewisi – type locality for species
* †Eucastor
** †Eucastor tortus
* †Eucommia
** †Eucommia montana
** †Eucommia serrata
* †Eudaemonema
** †Eudaemonema cuspidata – type locality for species
* †Euhapsis – tentative report
* †Eumys
** †Eumys brachyodus
** †Eumys elegans
** †Eumys parvidens – or unidentified comparable form
* Foliage and fruit of a modern Euonymus †Euonymus
** †Euonymus pacificus
* †Euoplocyon
** †Euoplocyon brachygnathus
* †Euroxenomys
** †Euroxenomys inconnexus – type locality for species
* †Eutypomys
** †Eutypomys inexpectatus – or unidentified comparable form
** †Eutypomys montanensis – type locality for species
** †Eutypomys parvus
* Exbucklandia
** †Exbucklandia oregonensis
* Exechia – or unidentified related form
* †Exostinus
** †Exostinus lancensis

## F

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* †Fagopsis
** †Fagopsis longifolia
* Ficus
** †Ficus affinis
** †Ficus artocarpoides
** †Ficus planicostata
** †Ficus subtruncata
* Fidiobia
* A living Fokienia cypress tree Fokienia
** †Fokienia catenulata
* Formica
** †Formica annosa – type locality for species
* †Fraxinus
** †Fraxinus brevialata
** †Fraxinus eocenica
** †Fraxinus flexifolia
** †Fraxinus rupinarum

## G

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* †Galbreathia
** †Galbreathia bettae
* †Gelastops
** †Gelastops parcus – type locality for species
* Geochelone
** †Geochelone primaeva – type locality for species
* Gerrhonotus – or unidentified comparable form
* †Gingerichia – type locality for genus
** †Gingerichia geoteretes – type locality for species
* Ginkgo
** Restored foliage of the Late Cretaceous-Miocene ginkgo tree Ginkgo adiantoides †Ginkgo adiantoides
* Gleichenia
** †Gleichenia hesperia
* Glyptostrobus
** †Glyptostrobus nordenskioldi
** †Glyptostrobus oregonensis
* †Goniacodon
** †Goniacodon levisanus
* †Gregorymys
** †Gregorymys douglassi – type locality for species
* †Gripholagomys – tentative report

## H

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* †Habrosaurus
** †Habrosaurus dilatus
* †Hamamelites
** †Hamamelites inaequalis
* †Haplaletes
** †Haplaletes andakupensis
** †Haplaletes disceptatrix – type locality for species
* †Haplomylus
** †Haplomylus palustris – type locality for species
* †Helaletes
** †Helaletes nanus
* †Heliscomys
** †Heliscomys gregoryi
** †Heliscomys mcgrewi – or unidentified comparable form
** †Heliscomys ostranderi
* Helius
** †Helius constenius – type locality for species
* Fossilized skull of the Oligocene lizard Helodermoides †Helodermoides – type locality for genus
** †Helodermoides tuberculatus – type locality for species
* †Hendryomeryx
** †Hendryomeryx defordi – or unidentified comparable form
* †Herpetotherium
** †Herpetotherium fugax
** †Herpetotherium knighti – or unidentified comparable form
** †Herpetotherium valens
* †Hesperhys
** †Hesperhys vagrans
* Hesperinus – or unidentified related form
* Life restoration of the Eocene-Oligocene dog Hesperocyon. Robert Bruce Horsfall (1913). †Hesperocyon
** †Hesperocyon gregarius
* †Heteraletes
** †Heteraletes leotanus
* †Hiodon
** †Hiodon consteniorum – type locality for species
* Holmskioldia
** †Holmskioldia speiri
* †Holopogon
** †Holopogon archilestes – type locality for species
* Homo
** †Homo sapiens
* Restoration of Pliocene-Pleistocene Homotherium, or scimitar cat †Homotherium
** †Homotherium serum
* †Huerfanodon – or unidentified comparable form
* †Hutchemys – type locality for genus
** †Hutchemys rememdium – type locality for species
* †Hyaenodon
** †Hyaenodon crucians
* Hydrangea
** †Hydrangea knowltoni
* †Hydromystria
** †Hydromystria expansa
* †Hyopsodus
** †Hyopsodus sholemi
* Mounted fossilized skeleton of the Eocene-Miocene even-toed ungulate Hypertragulus †Hypertragulus
** †Hypertragulus calcaratus
* †Hypisodus
** †Hypisodus minimus
* †Hypohippus
** †Hypohippus osborni – or unidentified comparable form
* †Hypolagus
** †Hypolagus vetus
* †Hypsiops
** †Hypsiops breviceps – type locality for species
* †Hyrachyus
** †Hyrachyus douglassi – type locality for species
* †Hyracodon
** †Hyracodon medius
** †Hyracodon priscidens

## I

* A
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* O
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* †Ictidopappus
** †Ictidopappus mustelinus – type locality for species
* †Ignacius
** †Ignacius frugivorus
* †Ilex
** †Ilex acuminata – later renamed Ilex mormonica
** †Ilex mormonica – type locality for species. Formerly known as Ilex acuminata.
* †Intyrictis
** †Intyrictis vanvaleni
* †Ischyrhiza – or unidentified comparable form
** †Ischyrhiza avonicola
* Mounted fossilized skeleton of the Eocene-Oligocene rodent Ischyromys †Ischyromys
** †Ischyromys douglassi – type locality for species
** †Ischyromys typus
** †Ischyromys veterior – type locality for species
* Isoetes
** †Isoetes trullata – type locality for species
* †Isoetites
** †Isoetites horridus
* Isonychia
** †Isonychia alderensis – type locality for species

## J

* A
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* M
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* X
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* Z
* †Jepsenella – type locality for genus
** †Jepsenella praepropera – type locality for species
* †Judithemys
** †Judithemys backmani
* †Juglandicarya
* †Juglandiphyllites
** †Juglandiphyllites glabra
* Juglans
** A living Juglans regia also known as the Persian or English walnut †Juglans regia – or unidentified comparable form
** †Juglans taurina
* Juniperus
** †Juniperus nevadensis

## K

* A
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* M
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* P
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* W
* X
* Y
* Z
* †Kerria
** †Kerria antiqua
* †Kimbetohia
** †Kimbetohia mziae
* A living Koelreuteria tree Koelreuteria
** †Koelreuteria arnoldi
** †Koelreuteria bipinnatoides
* †Ktunaxia – type locality for genus
** †Ktunaxia jucunda – type locality for species
* †Kukusepasutanka
** †Kukusepasutanka schultzi

## L

* A
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* L
* M
* N
* O
* P
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* R
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* T
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* W
* X
* Y
* Z
* †Labidolemur – type locality for genus
** †Labidolemur kayi – type locality for species
* Lasius
** †Lasius glom – type locality for species
* †Lastrea
** †Lastrea goldiana
* †Latiblattella
** †Latiblattella avita – type locality for species
* †Laurophyllum
** †Laurophyllum perseanum
* Living Laurus, or laurel trees Laurus
** †Laurus socialis
* †Leguminosites
* †Leidymys
* †Leipsanolestes
** †Leipsanolestes siegfriedti
* Lemmiscus
** †Lemmiscus curtatus
* Lepisosteus
** †Lepisosteus occidentalis
* †Leptacodon
** †Leptacodon munusculum – type locality for species
** †Leptacodon packi – or unidentified comparable form
** †Leptacodon proserpinae
** †Leptacodon tener
* †Leptarctus – type locality for genus
** †Leptarctus primus – type locality for species
* †Leptauchenia
** †Leptauchenia decora
** †Leptauchenia major
* †Leptictis
* †Leptochoerus
* †Leptocyon
** †Leptocyon douglassi – type locality for species
* †Leptodontomys
* Life restoration of the Eocene-Oligocene even-toed ungulate Leptomeryx †Leptomeryx
** †Leptomeryx esulcatus
** †Leptomeryx evansi
** †Leptomeryx mammifer
** †Leptomeryx speciosus
** †Leptomeryx yoderi – or unidentified comparable form
* †Leptonysson – type locality for genus
** †Leptonysson basiliscus – type locality for species
* †Leptoreodon
** †Leptoreodon marshi
* †Leucaena
** †Leucaena californica
* †Lignimus
* †Limnenetes
** †Limnenetes platyceps – type locality for species
* †Limnoecus
* Lindera
** †Lindera obtusata
* †Lisserpeton
** †Lisserpeton bairdi
* †Litaletes
** †Litaletes disjunctus – type locality for species
* Life restoration of the Paleocene-Eocene bird Lithornis †Lithornis
** †Lithornis celetius – type locality for species
* †Litocherus
** †Litocherus lacunatus
** †Litocherus notissimus – type locality for species
* †Litomylus
** †Litomylus dissentaneus – type locality for species
** †Litomylus ishami – or unidentified comparable form
** †Litomylus orthronepius
* †Loxolophus
** †Loxolophus pentacus
** †Loxolophus schizophrenus
* †Lutetialestes – type locality for genus
** †Lutetialestes uniformis – type locality for species
* Lynx
** A living Lynx rufus, or bobcat †Lynx rufus

## M

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* C
* D
* E
* F
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* L
* M
* N
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* X
* Y
* Z
* †Machaerosaurus
** †Machaerosaurus torrejonensis
* Close-up view of a Magnolia flower Magnolia
** †Magnolia borealis
** †Magnolia magnifolia
* Mahonia
** †Mahonia hakeaeformis
** †Mahonia limirivuli
** †Mahonia lobodonta
** †Mahonia obliqua
** †Mahonia retculata
** †Mahonia reticulata
** †Mahonia simplex
** †Mahonia subdenticulata
* †Mammut
** †Mammut americanum
* †Mammuthus
** †Mammuthus columbi
** Life restorations of a Mammut americanum, or American mastodon (right), and a Mammuthus primigenius, or wooly mammoth (left) †Mammuthus primigenius
* Marchantia
** †Marchantia lignitica
** †Marchantia pealei
* Marmota
** †Marmota flaviventria
* †Marquettia
** †Marquettia metzeli – type locality for species
* Martes
** †Martes kinseyi – or unidentified comparable form
* †Mcconichthys – type locality for genus
** †Mcconichthys longipinnis – type locality for species
* Life restoration of battling males of the Eocene brontothere mammal Megacerops †Megacerops
** †Megacerops kuwagatarhinus – type locality for species
* †Megahippus
* †Megalagus
** †Megalagus brachyodon – type locality for species
** †Megalagus dawsoni – type locality for species
** †Megalagus turgidus – or unidentified comparable form
* †Megalonyx
** †Megalonyx jeffersonii
* †Megantereon
* †Megatylopus
** †Megatylopus gigas
* †Melastomites
** †Melastomites montanensis
* †Meniscomys
* †Menodus
* †Merriamoceros
* †Merychippus
** †Merychippus sejunctus
* †Merychyus
** †Merychyus arenarum – or unidentified comparable form
** †Merychyus smithi
* †Merycochoerus
** †Merycochoerus chelydra
* Mounted fossilized skeleton of the Miocene pronghorn Merycodus †Merycodus
** †Merycodus necatus – or unidentified comparable form
* †Merycoides
** †Merycoides longiceps
* †Merycoidodon
** †Merycoidodon culbertsoni – or unidentified comparable form
* †Mesodma
** †Mesodma ambigua – or unidentified comparable form
** †Mesodma formosa
** †Mesodma garfieldensis – type locality for species
** †Mesodma pygmaea – type locality for species
** †Mesodma thompsoni
* †Mesogaulus
** †Mesogaulus ballensis – type locality for species
** †Mesogaulus douglassi
* †Mesohippus
** †Mesohippus bairdi
** †Mesohippus westoni – type locality for species
* Fossilized skull of the Miocene oreodont mammal Mesoreodon †Mesoreodon
** †Mesoreodon chelonyx
** †Mesoreodon minor – type locality for species
* †Mesoscalops
** †Mesoscalops montanensis – type locality for species
* †Metadjidaumo
* Metasequoia
** †Metasequoia occidentalis
* †Metopium
** †Metopium metopioides
* Life restoration of the Paleocene-Eocene mammal Miacis †Miacis – report made of unidentified related form or using admittedly obsolete nomenclature
* †Microcosmodon
** †Microcosmodon harleyi – type locality for species
* †Micropternodus
** †Micropternodus borealis – type locality for species
* Microtus
** †Microtus pennsylvanicus – or unidentified comparable form
* †Mimatuta
** †Mimatuta minuial
** †Mimatuta morgoth – type locality for species
* †Mimetodon
** †Mimetodon silberlingi – type locality for species
* †Mimosites
** †Mimosites acaciafolius
* †Mimotricentes
** †Mimotricentes fremontensis
** †Mimotricentes tedfordi – tentative report
* †Minerisporites
** †Minerisporites glossoferus (Dijkstra) n. comb.
* †Miniochoerus – tentative report
* Fossilized skull of the Eocene-Oligocene three-toed horse Miohippus †Miohippus – type locality for genus
** †Miohippus anceps – tentative report
** †Miohippus annectens – tentative report
** †Miohippus equiceps – tentative report
** †Miohippus gemmarosae – or unidentified comparable form
** †Miohippus grandis
** †Miohippus obliquidens
** †Miohippus taxus – type locality for species
* †Mionictis – tentative report
* †Miopsyche – tentative report
** †Miopsyche rubiensis – type locality for species
* †Mnium
** †Mnium montanense
* †Mojavemys
* †Monosaulax
** †Monosaulax pansus – tentative report
* †Montanatylopus
** †Montanatylopus matthewi – type locality for species
* †Mookomys
** †Mookomys formicarum – or unidentified comparable form
** †Mookomys thrinax – type locality for species
* Morus
* †Muscites
** †Muscites gracilens
* Mustela
** †Mustela frenata
* †Mustelavus
** †Mustelavus priscus
* Myrica
** †Myrica lignitum
** †Myrica mormonensis
** †Myrica serrulata
* †Myrmecoboides
** †Myrmecoboides montanensis – type locality for species
* †Myrtophyllum
** †Myrtophyllum torreyi
* †Mystipterus
* †Mytonolagus
** †Mytonolagus petersoni – or unidentified comparable form

## N

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* M
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* †Namatomys
** †Namatomys lloydi – type locality for species
* †Nannodectes
** †Nannodectes gidleyi – or unidentified comparable form
** †Nannodectes intermedius
** †Nannodectes simpsoni – or unidentified comparable form
* †Nanodelphys
** †Nanodelphys hunti
* †Nanotragulus
* †Navajovius
* †Nelumbago
** †Nelumbago montanum
* †Nelumbo
* Life restoration of a herd of Neohipparion. Robert Bruce Horsfall (1913). †Neohipparion
* †Neoplagiaulax
** †Neoplagiaulax donaldorum – type locality for species
** †Neoplagiaulax grangeri – type locality for species
** †Neoplagiaulax hunteri – type locality for species
** †Neoplagiaulax kremnus
** †Neoplagiaulax mckennai
** †Neoplagiaulax nelsoni – type locality for species
* †Niglarodon
** †Niglarodon blacki – type locality for species
** †Niglarodon koerneri – type locality for species
** †Niglarodon loneyi – type locality for species
** †Niglarodon progressus
* †Nordenskioldia
** †Nordenskioldia borealis
* A living Nuphar water lily †Nuphar
** †Nuphar advenoides
* †Nyctitherium
* †Nymphaeites
** †Nymphaeites nevadensis
* †Nyssa
** †Nyssa alata
** †Nyssa borealis
** †Nyssa crenata

## O

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* M
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* †Ocajila
** †Ocajila makpiyahe – or unidentified comparable form
* †Odaxosaurus
** †Odaxosaurus piger
* A living Odocoileus deer Odocoileus – or unidentified comparable form
* †Ogmophis
** †Ogmophis arenarum – type locality for species
* Olar
** †Olar buccinator
* †Oligodontosaurus
** †Oligodontosaurus wyomingensis – or unidentified comparable form
* †Oligoryctes
** †Oligoryctes altitalonidus
** †Oligoryctes cameronensis
* †Oligoscalops
* †Oligotheriomys
** †Oligotheriomys senrudi
* A living Ondatra, or muskrat Ondatra
** †Ondatra xibethicus
** †Ondatra zibethicus
* †Onoclea
** †Onoclea hesperia
* †Onychodectes
** †Onychodectes tisonensis
* †Opisthotriton
** †Opisthotriton gidleyi – type locality for species
** †Opisthotriton kayi
* Oreohelix
* †Oreolagus
** †Oreolagus nevadensis
* †Oreonetes
** †Oreonetes anceps
** †Oreonetes douglassi
* †Osmanthus
** †Osmanthus praemissa
* Living Osmunda ferns †Osmunda
** †Osmunda greenlandica
** †Osmunda macrophylla
** †Osmunda occidentalis
* Ostrya
** †Ostrya oregoniana
* †Otarocyon
** †Otarocyon macdonaldi
* †Oxyacodon
** †Oxyacodon apiculatus
** †Oxyacodon ferronensis
** †Oxyacodon marshater
* †Oxyclaenus
** †Oxyclaenus pugnax
* Life restoration of a pair of the Oligocene-Miocene camel Oxydactylus. Robert Bruce Horsfall (1913). †Oxydactylus
** †Oxydactylus lacota – or unidentified comparable form
* †Oxyprimus
** †Oxyprimus erikseni – type locality for species

## P

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* H
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* M
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* O
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* X
* Y
* Z
* †Paciculus
* †Pagonomus – or unidentified comparable form
* †Palaechthon – type locality for genus
** †Palaechthon alticuspis – type locality for species
** †Palaechthon woodi – or unidentified comparable form
* †Palaeictops
* †Palaeocarpinus
* †Palaeogale
** †Palaeogale sectoria
* †Palaeohypnum
** †Palaeohypnum beckeri
* †Palaeolabrus
** †Palaeolabrus montanensis – or unidentified comparable form
* Restoration of the Oligocene rabbit relative Palaeolagus †Palaeolagus
** †Palaeolagus burkei
** †Palaeolagus haydeni
** †Palaeolagus hypsodus
** †Palaeolagus intermedius
** †Palaeolagus temnodon – type locality for species
* †Palaeophytocrene
* †Palaeoryctes
* †Palaeosinopa
** †Palaeosinopa didelphoides – or unidentified comparable form
* Restorative model and fossilized skull of the Eocene brontothere mammal Palaeosyops †Palaeosyops
** †Palaeosyops fontinalis
* †Palaeoxantusia
** †Palaeoxantusia fera
* †Palatobaena
** †Palatobaena bairdi
* †Palenochtha – type locality for genus
** †Palenochtha minor – type locality for species
* †Paleonelumbo
** †Paleonelumbo macroloba
* †Paleonuphar
** †Paleonuphar hesperium
* †Paleopsephurus – or unidentified comparable form
* †Paleotomus
** †Paleotomus senior – type locality for species
* Flowers and foliage of a living Paliurus Paliurus
** †Paliurus dumosus
** †Paliurus florissanti
* †Pandemonium
** †Pandemonium dis – type locality for species
* †Pantolambda
** †Pantolambda intermedius – type locality for species
* †Pantomimus – type locality for genus
** †Pantomimus leari – type locality for species
* †Paracosoryx
* †Paradjidaumo
** †Paradjidaumo spokanensis – type locality for species
** †Paradjidaumo trilophus
* †Paramerychyus
** †Paramerychyus harrisonensis
* Fossilized skeleton of the Pliocene-Pleistocene ground sloth Paramylodon †Paramylodon
** †Paramylodon harlani
* †Paramys
** †Paramys relictus
* †Paranymphaea
** †Paranymphaea crassifolia
* †Parapliosaccomys
** †Parapliosaccomys annae – or unidentified comparable form
* †Pararyctes
** †Pararyctes pattersoni
* †Paratomarctus
** †Paratomarctus temerarius
* †Parectypodus
** †Parectypodus sinclairi – type locality for species
** †Parectypodus sylviae
* †Pareumys – tentative report
* †Parictis
** †Parictis montanus
* †Paromomys
** †Paromomys depressidens – type locality for species
** †Paromomys maturus – type locality for species
* †Parthenocissus
** †Parthenocissus ursina
* †Parvericius
** †Parvericius montanus
* †Paulownia
** †Paulownia columbiana
** †Paulownia thomsoni
* Fossilized skull of the Eocene-Oligocene lizard Peltosaurus †Peltosaurus
* †Pelycomys
* †Penetrigonias
** †Penetrigonias dakotensis
* †Penosphyllum
** †Penosphyllum cordatum
* Penthetria
** †Penthetria abacula – type locality for species
** †Penthetria alderensis – type locality for species
** †Penthetria rubiensis – type locality for species
* †Peraceras
** †Peraceras profectum
** †Peraceras superciliosum
* †Peradectes
** †Peradectes elegans – or unidentified comparable form
** †Peradectes minor – type locality for species
** †Peradectes protinnominatus – or unidentified comparable form
* †Peridiomys
** †Peridiomys halis – type locality for species
* †Periptychus
* †Perognathoides
** †Perognathoides eurekensis – or unidentified comparable form
* Perognathus
** †Perognathus ancenensis – type locality for species
* Peromyscus
** †Peromyscus maniculatus – or unidentified comparable form
* Persea
** †Persea brossiana
* †Petauristodon
* †Phasmatopelecinus – type locality for genus
** †Phasmatopelecinus leonae – type locality for species
* †Phenacodaptes – or unidentified comparable form
** †Phenacodaptes sabulosus
* Life restoration of the Paleocene-Eocene ungulate Phenacodus. Charles R. Knight (1898). †Phenacodus
** †Phenacodus bisonensis
** †Phenacodus intermedius
** †Phenacodus magnus
* Phragmites
** †Phragmites alaskana
* †Phthiria
** †Phthiria fossa – type locality for species
* †Phyllites
** †Phyllites demoresi
** †Phyllites disturbans
* Picea
** †Picea lahontensis
** †Picea magna
** †Picea sonomensis
* †Piceoerpeton
** †Piceoerpeton willwoodense
* †Picrodus
** †Picrodus canpacius
** †Picrodus silberlingi – type locality for species
* A living Pinus, or pine tree Pinus
** †Pinus florissanti
** †Pinus wheeleri
* †Pipestoneia – type locality for genus
** †Pipestoneia douglassi – type locality for species
* †Pipestoneomys
** †Pipestoneomys bisulcatus
* †Pithecolobium
** †Pithecolobium eocenicum
* †Planatus
** †Planatus nobilis
** †Planatus raynoldsi
* †Planetetherium
** †Planetetherium mirabile – type locality for species
* †Plastomenoides – type locality for genus
** †Plastomenoides lamberti – type locality for species
** †Plastomenoides tetanetron – type locality for species
* †Plastomenus – or unidentified comparable form
* Platanus
** †Platanus dissecta
** †Platanus nobilis
** †Platanus raynoldsi
** †Platanus raynoldsii
** †Platanus stenoloba
* Plecia
** †Plecia inflata – type locality for species
* Life restoration of the Paleocene-Eocene primate Plesiadapis †Plesiadapis
** †Plesiadapis anceps – type locality for species
** †Plesiadapis churchilli – type locality for species
** †Plesiadapis praecursor – type locality for species
** †Plesiadapis rex – type locality for species
* †Plesiolestes
** †Plesiolestes problematicus
* †Pleurolicus
* †Plioceros
** †Plioceros blicki – or unidentified comparable form
* †Pliohippus
* †Plionictis
** †Plionictis ogygia
* †Plithocyon
** †Plithocyon ursinus
* †Poacites
* †Poebrotherium
** †Poebrotherium eximium – or unidentified comparable form
** †Poebrotherium wilsoni
* Illustration of a fossilized skull of the Oligocene false faber-toothed cat Pogonodon †Pogonodon
* †Ponerites
** †Ponerites kishenehne – type locality for species
* Populus
** †Populus adamantea
** †Populus balsamoides
** †Populus cedrusensis
** †Populus cinnamomoides
** †Populus eotremuloides
** †Populus lindgreni
** †Populus nebrascensis
** †Populus payettensis
** †Populus washoensis
* †Potamanthellus
** †Potamanthellus rubiensis – type locality for species
* †Potentilla
** †Potentilla horkelioides
** †Potentilla salmonensis
* †Pradjidaumo
** †Pradjidaumo trilophus
* †Preissites
** †Preissites wardi
** †Preissites wardii
* †Procerberus
** †Procerberus formicarum – type locality for species
** †Procerberus grandis – or unidentified comparable form
** †Procerberus plutonis
* †Prochetodon
** †Prochetodon foxi – type locality for species
* †Prodesmodon
** †Prodesmodon copei
* †Prodiacodon
** †Prodiacodon concordiarcensis – type locality for species
** †Prodiacodon crustulum – type locality for species
** †Prodiacodon furor – type locality for species
* Fossil of the Eocene ant Proiridomyrmex †Proiridomyrmex
** †Proiridomyrmex rotundatus – type locality for species
* †Prokalotermes
** †Prokalotermes alderensis – type locality for species
* †Promerycochoerus
** †Promerycochoerus superbus
* †Promioclaenus
** †Promioclaenus acolytus
* †Pronodens
** †Pronodens silberlingi – type locality for species
* †Pronothodectes
** †Pronothodectes matthewi – type locality for species
* †Propalaeosinopa
** †Propalaeosinopa albertensis
* †Proscalops
** †Proscalops intermedius – type locality for species
* †Prosciurus
** †Prosciurus parvus – or unidentified comparable form
** †Prosciurus vetustus – type locality for species
* †Prosphyracephala
** †Prosphyracephala rubiensis – type locality for species
* Fossil of the Oligocene ant Protazteca †Protazteca
** †Protazteca eocenica – type locality for species
* †Protentomodon
** †Protentomodon ursirivalis – type locality for species
* †Prothryptacodon
** †Prothryptacodon furens – type locality for species
* †Protictis
** †Protictis haydenianus
** †Protictis microlestes
* †Protochriacus
** †Protochriacus simplex
* Fossilized skeleton of the Miocene horse Protohippus †Protohippus
* †Protolabis
** †Protolabis gracilis – or unidentified comparable form
* †Protoreodon
** †Protoreodon pearcei
** †Protoreodon pumilus
* †Protungulatum
** †Protungulatum donnae
** †Protungulatum gorgun – type locality for species
** †Protungulatum sloani – type locality for species
* †Provaranosaurus – or unidentified comparable form
* †Proxestops
** †Proxestops silberlingi
** †Proxestops silberlingii – type locality for species
* Prunus
** †Prunus careyhurstia
** †Prunus corrugis
** †Prunus lyoniifolia – type locality for species
** †Prunus morangensis
** †Prunus perita
** †Prunus scottii
** †Prunus wilcoxiana
* Replica of a fossilized cranium of the Miocene horse Pseudhipparion †Pseudhipparion
* †Pseudocylindrodon
** †Pseudocylindrodon medius – type locality for species
** †Pseudocylindrodon neglectus – type locality for species
* †Pseudolarix
** †Pseudolarix americana
* †Pseudomesoreodon – type locality for genus
** †Pseudomesoreodon rooneyi – type locality for species
* Pseudomyrmex
** †Pseudomyrmex saxulum – type locality for species
* †Pseudotettigonia
** †Pseudotettigonia leona – type locality for species
* †Pseudotheridomys
* †Pseudotrimylus
* †Pseudotsuga
** †Pseudotsuga longifolia
** †Pseudotsuga sonomensis
* Life restoration of the Paleocene taeniodont mammal Psittacotherium multifragum †Psittacotherium
** †Psittacotherium multifragum
* Ptelea
** †Ptelea miocenica
* †Ptenidium
** †Ptenidium kishenehnicum – type locality for species
* Pteris
* Pterocarya
** †Pterocarya hispida
* †Ptilodus
** †Ptilodus kummae
** †Ptilodus montanus – type locality for species
** †Ptilodus tsosiensis
* Life restoration of the Late Cretaceous-Paleocene primate relative Purgatorius †Purgatorius
** †Purgatorius janisae – type locality for species
** †Purgatorius titusi – type locality for species
** †Purgatorius unio – type locality for species
* †Pyracantha
** †Pyracantha spatulata – type locality for species

## Q

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* A living Quercus, or oak tree Quercus
** †Quercus convexa
** †Quercus dayana
** †Quercus dispersa – tentative report
** †Quercus eoprinus
** †Quercus hannibali
** †Quercus prelobata
** †Quercus prevariabilis
** †Quercus pseudolyrata
** †Quercus simulata
** †Quercus sullyi
** †Quercus winstanleyi

## R

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* †Rana – or unidentified comparable form
* Rangifer
** A living Rangifer tarandus, or reindeer †Rangifer tarandus
* †Rhamnites
** †Rhamnites pseudostenophyllus
* †Rhamnus
** †Rhamnus cleburni
** †Rhamnus crocea
** †Rhamnus hirsuta
* Rhus
** †Rhus milleri
** †Rhus miosuccedanea
** †Rhus obscura
** †Rhus praeovata
** †Rhus stellariaefolia
* †Robinia
** †Robinia californica
** †Robinia lesquereuxi
* Rosa
** †Rosa hilliae

## S

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* Sabal
** †Sabal grayana
** †Sabal imperialis
** †Sabal powelli
* †Saccoloma
** †Saccoloma gardneri
* A living Salix, or willow Salix
** †Salix aquilina
** †Salix cockerelli
** †Salix hesperia
** †Salix knowltoni
** †Salix laevigatoides
** †Salix longiacuminata
** †Salix schimperi
** †Salix stipulata – type locality for species
** †Salix succorensis
** †Salix taxifolioides
** †Salix truckeana
** †Salix wildcatensis
** †Salix wimmeriana
* †Sambucus
** †Sambucus newtoni
* †Sapindus
** †Sapindus coloradensis
* Sassafras
** †Sassafras ashleyi
** †Sassafras columbiana
** Fossilized leaf of the Eocene sassafras Sassafras hesperia †Sassafras hesperia
** †Sassafras thermale
* †Scalopoides
* †Scapherpeton
** †Scapherpeton tectum
* †Scaphohippus
** †Scaphohippus intermontanus – or unidentified comparable form
* †Scenopagus
* †Schizotheriodes
** †Schizotheriodes parvus – type locality for species
* †Scotiophryne – or unidentified comparable form
* †Scottimus
** †Scottimus longiquus – type locality for species
** †Scottimus viduus
* †Selaginella
** †Selaginella collieri
** †Selaginella monstrosa
* †Senoprosopis
** †Senoprosopis beckeri – type locality for species
* Sequoia
** Fossilized branch fragment from a Sequoia affinis †Sequoia affinis
* †Sespemys – tentative report
* †Simoedosaurus
* †Simpson
** †Simpson lists
* †Simpsonictis
** †Simpsonictis tenuis
* †Smilax
** †Smilax trinervis
* †Solenopsites
** †Solenopsites abdita – type locality for species
* †Sophora
** †Sophora spokanensis
* †Sorbus
** †Sorbus harneyensis
* †Sparganium
** †Sparganium antiquum
* Spea
** †Spea neuter
* Spermophilus
** †Spermophilus jerae – type locality for species
** †Spermophilus primitivus
** †Spermophilus richardsonii
* †Spiraea
** †Spiraea clavidens
** †Spiraea decurrens
* †Stelocyon
** †Stelocyon arctylos – type locality for species
* †Steneofiber
** †Steneofiber gradatus – or unidentified comparable form
** †Steneofiber hesperus
* †Stenoechinus
** †Stenoechinus tantalus – type locality for species
* Life restoration of the Oligocene-Miocene camel Stenomylus †Stenomylus
** †Stenomylus hitchcocki – or unidentified comparable form
* Sterculia
** †Sterculia wilcoxiana
* †Stibarus
** †Stibarus montanus – type locality for species
* †Stilpnodon
** †Stilpnodon simplicidens – type locality for species
* †Stygimys
** †Stygimys camptorhiza – or unidentified comparable form
** †Stygimys gratus
** †Stygimys jepseni – type locality for species
** †Stygimys kuszmauli – type locality for species
* Life restoration of the Miocene deer relative Subdromomeryx. Robert Bruce Horsfall (1913). †Subdromomeryx
** †Subdromomeryx antilopinus
* †Subhyracodon
** †Subhyracodon mitis
** †Subhyracodon occidentalis
* †Submerycochoerus
** †Submerycochoerus bannackensis – type locality for species
* Sylvicola – or unidentified related form
** †Sylvicola fenestralis
* Sylvilagus
** †Sylvilagus nuttallii
* †Symplocarpus
** †Symplocarpus prefoetidus

## T

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* Restoration of the Paleocene multituberculate mammal Taeniolabis †Taeniolabis
** †Taeniolabis lamberti – type locality for species
* †Tapocyon
** †Tapocyon robustus
* †Tardontia
** †Tardontia occidentale – or unidentified comparable form
* Taricha
** †Taricha miocenica – type locality for species
* Taxodium
** †Taxodium dubium
** †Taxodium olriki
* †Tectochara
** †Tectochara grambastorum
* Restoration of the Miocene-Pliocene rhinoceros Teleoceras †Teleoceras
* †Tenudomys – tentative report
* †Tephrodytes – type locality for genus
** †Tephrodytes brassicarvalis – type locality for species
* †Ternstroemites
** †Ternstroemites aureavallis
* †Tetraclaenodon
** †Tetraclaenodon puercensis
* Thomomys
** †Thomomys taloides
** A living Thomomys talpoides, or northern pocket gopher †Thomomys talpoides
* †Thrinax
** †Thrinax dorfi
* †Thryptacodon
** †Thryptacodon australis – or unidentified comparable form
** †Thryptacodon orthogonius – tentative report
** †Thryptacodon pseudarctos – type locality for species
* †Thuja
** †Thuja dimorpha
** †Thuja interrupta
* †Thylacodon
** †Thylacodon montanensis – type locality for species
** †Thylacodon pusillus – or unidentified comparable form
* †Ticholeptus
** †Ticholeptus zygomaticus
* Tilia
** †Tilia aspera
** †Tilia inaequalis
* †Tinuviel
** †Tinuviel eurydice
* Tipula
** †Tipula carolae – type locality for species
** †Tipula rubiensis – type locality for species
* Life restoration of the Paleocene pantodonts mammal Titanoides †Titanoides
** †Titanoides gidleyi
* †Trapa
** †Trapa angulata
** †Trapa paulula
* †Tricentes
** †Tricentes subtrigonus
* †Trigenicus
** †Trigenicus profectus
* †Trigonias
** †Trigonias osborni
* †Trilaccogaulus
** †Trilaccogaulus montanensis
* †Triplopides
** †Triplopides rieli – type locality for species
* †Triplopus
** †Triplopus rhinocerinus – or unidentified comparable form
* †Trochodendroides
** †Trochodendroides flabella
* †Trogolemur – tentative report
* †Tropidia
** †Tropidia tumulata – type locality for species
* †Tullochelys
** †Tullochelys montana
* †Tylocephalonyx
* Typha
** †Typha lesquereuxi

## U

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* †Ulmeriella
** †Ulmeriella rubiensis – type locality for species
* A living Ulmus, or elm Ulmus
** †Ulmus montanensis
** †Ulmus moorei
** †Ulmus paucidentata
** †Ulmus rhamnifolia
** †Ulmus speciosa
* †Unuchinia
** †Unuchinia asaphes – type locality for species
* †Ursolestes – type locality for genus
** †Ursolestes perpetior – type locality for species
* Ursus

## V

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* A variety of modern Vaccinium species, clockwise from top right: cranberries, lingonberries, blueberries, and huckleberries †Vaccinium
** †Vaccinium sophoroides
* †Valenopsalis
** †Valenopsalis joyneri – type locality for species
* †Vauquelinia
** †Vauquelinia coloradensis
** †Vauquelinia coloradica
* †Viburnum
** †Viburnum antiquorum
** †Viburnum kraeuseli
* †Viguiera
** †Viguiera cronquisti
* Leaves and fruit of a living Vitis, or grapevine Vitis
** †Vitis lobata
** †Vitis muscadinioides
** †Vitis olriki
** †Vitis washingtonensis
* †Viverravus – tentative report

## W

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* †Wilsoneumys
* Living Woodwardia ferns †Woodwardia
** †Woodwardia arctica
* †Wortmania – or unidentified comparable form

## X

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* †Xyronomys

## Z

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* Leaf of a living Zelkova tree Zelkova
** †Zelkova drymeja
** †Zelkova hesperia
** †Zelkova krymeja
** †Zelkova nervosa
** †Zelkova oregoniana
** †Zelkova planeroides
** †Zelkova ungeri
* †Zeunerella – tentative report
** †Zeunerella lewisi – type locality for species
* †Zygodactylus
** †Zygodactylus ochlurus – type locality for species