OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Anthony Berkeley Cox

Anthony Berkeley Cox (5 July 1893 – 9 March 1971) was an English crime writer. He wrote under several pen-names, including Francis Iles, Anthony Berkeley and A. Monmouth Platts.

## Early life and education

Anthony Berkeley Cox was born 5 July 1893 at Watford, son of medical practitioner Dr Alfred Edward Cox (1861–1936), of Monmouth House and The Platts, two adjoining properties on Watford High Street, and Sybil Maud (died 1924), née Iles, who ran a school at Monmouth House. His paternal grandfather was a Derby wine merchant. Cox had two younger siblings: Stephen Henry Johnson Cox (1899–1960), who became a schoolmaster, and Cynthia Cicely Cox (born 1897).
With his brother, Cox was educated at Rose Hill School, Banstead, Surrey, and from the age of 14 was educated at Sherborne School and then University College, Oxford.

## Career

As an ex-cadet of the Officer Training Corps, Cox was commissioned as a temporary second lieutenant in the British Army on 19 September 1914. He was promoted to temporary lieutenant on 4 November 1915. He served in 7th Battalion of the Northamptonshire Regiment during the First World War. He suffered from a gas attack in France, which caused long-term damage to his health. Following the attack, he was invalided back to England and then worked a number of desk jobs for the Army. On 15 April 1919, he was transferred to the unemployed list, therefore ending his military service.
Following the war, he worked as a journalist for many years, contributing to such magazines as Punch and The Humorist.
His first novel, The Layton Court Mystery, was published anonymously in 1925. It introduced Roger Sheringham, the amateur detective who features in many of the author's novels including the classic Poisoned Chocolates Case. In 1930, Berkeley founded the Detection Club in London along with Agatha Christie, Freeman Wills Crofts and other established mystery writers.
His 1932 novel (as "Francis Iles"), Before the Fact was adapted into the 1941 classic film Suspicion, directed by Alfred Hitchcock, starring Cary Grant and Joan Fontaine. Trial and Error was turned into the unusual 1941 film Flight from Destiny starring Thomas Mitchell.
He was a friend of EM Delafield and they each dedicated a book to the other (Jill and The Wychford Poisoning Case). She gently ragged him in her Provincial Lady Goes Further by having people tell her that "Francis Iles" is really Aldous Huxley or Edith Sitwell. The opening sentence of Malice Aforethought has been described as "immortal": "It was not until several weeks after he had decided to murder his wife that Doctor Bickleigh took any active steps in the matter."
In 1938, he took up book reviewing for John O'London's Weekly and The Daily Telegraph, writing under his pen name Francis Iles. He also wrote for the Sunday Times in the 1940s and for the Manchester Guardian, later The Guardian, from the mid-1950s until 1970. A key figure in the development of crime fiction, he died in 1971 in St John's Wood, London. His estate was valued at £196,917 (£2,321,878 in 2023).
# Missing man formation

The missing man formation is an aerial salute performed as part of a flypast of aircraft at a funeral or memorial event, typically in memory of a fallen pilot, a well-known military service member or veteran, or a well-known political figure. The planes fly in a formation with a space where one plane should be, symbolizing the person's absence. Though similar formations have occurred as early as World War I, the first flypast in the modern formation of four planes is believed to have occurred in 1931 at the funeral for Charles W. "Speed" Holman.
Missing man formations are also used in motorsport in memory of a recently deceased driver, and in American football and ice hockey in memory of a recently deceased player.

## Description

Several variants of the formation are seen. The formation most commonly used in the United States is based on the "finger-four" aircraft combat formation composed of two pairs of aircraft. The aircraft fly in a V-shape with the flight leader at the point and their wingman on their left. The second element leader and his wingman fly on the right. The formation flies over the ceremony low enough to be clearly seen and the second element leader abruptly pulls up out of the formation while the rest of the formation continues in level flight until all aircraft are out of sight.
In an older variant, the formation is flown with the second element leader position conspicuously empty. In another variation, the flight approaches from the south, preferably near sundown, and one of the aircraft will suddenly split off to the west, flying into the sunset. In all cases, the aircraft performing the pull-up, split off, or missing from the formation is honoring the person (or persons) who has died, and is representing their departure.

## In memorials

* Missing Man sculptures
* Missing Man Monument (1977) at Randolph AFB
* Missing Man Memorial (1995) at Joint Base Pearl Harbor–Hickam
* Missing Man Formation (2000) at Valor Park, USAF Museum
* Missing Man Salute (2004) at Rijsenhout
Permanent memorial sculptures depicting the missing man aerial formation exist at Randolph Air Force Base (Missing Man Monument, 1977, Mark Pritchett) in San Antonio, Texas, Joint Base Pearl Harbor–Hickam (Missing Man Memorial, 1995) in Honolulu, Hawaii, and Valor Park (Missing Man Formation, 2000) near the National Museum of the United States Air Force in Dayton, Ohio.
Outside the United States, a missing man memorial was dedicated at the Militaire Luchtvaart Museum (Missing man salute [nl], 2004, Leendert Verboom) near Soesterberg Air Base to commemorate the 21 June 1944 crash of the Consolidated B-24 Liberator "Connie" following a bombing raid in Germany; it was moved to the CRASH Luchtoorlog- en Verzetsmuseum '40-'45 [nl] museum near Rijsenhout in 2014.
# Exposition Cotton Mills

The Exposition Cotton Mills were cotton mills located in what is now the West Midtown area of Atlanta at the upper end of the Marietta Street Artery, an area rich with industrial heritage architecture. They were built on what had been Oglethorpe Park for the International Cotton Exposition of 1881 and were demolished in 1952. A warehouse and distribution center now occupy the site.
According to Atlanta historian Franklin Garrett, the success of the mills was "immediate," had been "continuous," and "had much to do with the growth of the cotton-million industry in the South... turning out more than 1,000,000 miles (1,600,000 km) of yarn a month and weaving more than 1,000 miles (1,600 km) of cloth per month.
The original address was 794 West Marietta Street, but has since changed to 841 Joseph E. Lowery Blvd. (formerly Ashby Street) NW.
# 1999 Tampa Bay Mutiny season

The 1999 Tampa Bay Mutiny season was the fourth season for the Tampa Bay Mutiny both as a club and in Major League Soccer (MLS). The club reached the playoffs after finishing third in the Eastern conference. The club was eliminated in the quarterfinals of the 1999 MLS Cup playoffs. Additionally, they reached the quarterfinals of the U.S. Open Cup.
# Finstock railway station

Finstock railway station serves the village of Finstock and the hamlet of Fawler in Oxfordshire, England. It is some distance from Finstock itself, being situated to the north-east of Charlbury Road (the present B4022), which crosses the line on an overbridge.
The station and all trains serving it are operated by Great Western Railway. Finstock is the least used station in Oxfordshire according to the official passenger statistics.
Finstock railway station featured in Geoff Marshall's YouTube series of Least Used Stations where his special guest was Ben Goldacre.

## History

The station was opened by the Great Western Railway (GWR) on 9 April 1934, originally being named "Finstock Halt" and having two platforms. Each platform was approached by an inclined path from Charlbury Road, and each had a corrugated iron shelter with windows only in the end walls.
On 5 May 1969 it was renamed "Finstock". The line was singled on 29 November 1971, the former up line now carrying traffic in both directions, and the redundant down platform was removed. By September 1980 the former GWR waiting shelter had been replaced by a simple shelter open on three sides. On 9 March 1987 the former up platform was taken out of use and replaced by one built over the site of the former down line. Evidence of the former up platform and access ramp is now overgrown.

## Services

Since at least February 1999 the station has been served by a minimal service of two trains per day, one in each direction.
This service is currently formed of the 08:08 train to Didcot Parkway, via Oxford, and the 17:41 train to Moreton-in-Marsh which operate Monday-Friday only. There are currently no weekend services at the station with a normal service running on most Bank Holidays.
| Preceding station | National Rail | National Rail | National Rail | Following station |
| Charlbury | | Great Western RailwayCotswold Line Monday-Friday Only | | Combe |
# Mogok Pauk Pauk

Mogok Pauk Pauk (Burmese: မိုးကုတ်ပေါက်ပေါက်) is a Burmese fashion designer and vice-chair of the Fashion Designers Entrepreneur Association. She has been dubbed as "Myanmar's Fashion Guru" for extraordinary fashion creatives and two decades-long experience in the Myanmar fashion industry.

## Early life

Pauk Pauk grew up in Mogok, Mandalay Region, Myanmar. Even though Mogok Pauk Pauk was born a boy, she loved to dress up in clothes for girls and wear makeup and she helped her mother with the family hairdressing business. She became the target of scorn and bullying because of her feminine interests, but she didn’t let that stop her.

## Career

In 1968, aged 15, she started as a makeup artist. She was aged 16, she straight out of school and dedicated herself to her work full-time. She was already a very sought after makeup artist for brides and traditional dancers in Mandalay and Mogok. At the age of 17, she was beginning to live as a woman and develop a philosophy that could counter any hate for the LGBT community. In 1988, she moved to Yangon from her hometown Mogok to work in the movie industry with her teacher Sandy, a costumier for actress Moht Moht Myint Aung. That's where she learned tailoring. Between Yangon and Mogok, she dedicated her time to both makeup and dressmaking, especially for brides. She has flourished as a fashion designer since 2000.
In 2006, she moved to Milan, Italy to attend design classes at the Burgo Fashion and Design Institute. In Milan, she developed her talent as a fashion designer and After 18 months she returned to her homeland, her creations started to attract attention. and confecting traditional robes, gowns and evening dress for actresses, jewellery models, cosmetics fairs and magazine photo shoots.
In 2011, she has specialised in fashion design. Under the brand "Mogok Pauk Pauk: Haute Couture", she produces Myanmar traditional wedding dresses, gowns, evening wear and cocktail wear. In 2013, she launched the ready-to-wear brand Chic Pauk, which continues to thrive in its niche market.
She participated as a judge in Style Secret and The Model Academy, the first reality TV show about grooming a supermodel in Myanmar. She believes in supporting other young designers, so she has created a scholarship which is promoting new talent. She will soon open Design House, a work space and showcase for her silk and acheik designs.
# Elrathia

Elrathia is a genus of trilobite belonging to Ptychopariacea known from the mid-Cambrian of Laurentia (North America). E. kingii is one of the most common trilobite fossils in the USA locally found in extremely high concentrations within the Wheeler Formation in the U.S. state of Utah. E. kingii has been considered the most recognizable trilobite. Commercial quarries extract E. kingii in prolific numbers, with just one commercial collector estimating 1.5 million specimens extracted in a 20-year career. 1950 specimens of Elrathia are known from the Greater Phyllopod bed, where they comprise 3.7% of the community.
   "...trilobite occupied the exaerobic zone, at the boundary of anoxic and dysoxic bottom waters. E. kingii consistently occur in settings below the oxygen levels required by other contemporaneous epifaunal and infaunal benthic biota and may have derived energy from a food web that existed independently of phototrophic primary productivity. Although other fossil organisms are known to have preferred such environments, E. kingii is the earliest-known inhabitant of them, extending the documented range of the exaerobic ecological strategy into the Cambrian Period."

## Etymology

Even though the generic name Elrathia was first published in the combination E. kingii, a species from the House Range, Utah, the name, itself, is derived from Elrath, Cherokee County, Alabama.

## Description

E. kingii is a medium-sized trilobite with a smooth sub-ovate carapace that is tapered towards the rear. Thorax is usually 13 segments. Pygidium has four axial rings and a long terminal piece. Posterior margin of the pygidium has a long broad medial notch.
In contrast, E. marjumi usually has 12 segments, 5 axial rings, lacks a notched posterior margin and possess incipient antero-lateral spines.
The British Columbian species, E. permulta, is much smaller, averaging about only 20 millimeters, and has up to thoracic 14 segments. Because E. permulta lacks several diagnostic features of the genus it may even represent a distinct genus.
# Acrocoelites

Acrocoelites is a genus of belemnite, an extinct group of cephalopods.

## Species

Species placed by fossilworks.
* Acrocoelites bobeti Lissajous 1927
* Acrocoelites brevisulcatus Quenstedt 1848
* Acrocoelites conoideus Oppel 1856
* Acrocoelites ilminstrensis Phillips 1867
* Acrocoelites inaequistriatus Simpson 1855
* Acrocoelites levidensis Simpson 1855
* Acrocoelites oxyconus Hehl 1831
* Acrocoelites pyramidalis Munster 1831
* Acrocoelites riegrafi Doyle 1992
* Acrocoelites rostriformis Theodori 1837
* Acrocoelites subtenuis Simpson 1855
* Acrocoelites tripartitus von Schlotheim 1820
* Acrocoelites vulgaris Young and Bird 1822
# Actiobates

Actiobates is an extinct genus of trematopid temnospondyl that lived during the Late Carboniferous. It is known from the Garnett Quarry in Kansas.

## History of study

Actiobates peabodyi was named in 1973 by Theodore Eaton. The genus name derives from the Greek words actios ("shore") and bates ("walker"), referring to the estuarine nature of the Garnett Quarry deposits, and the specific name is for the American paleontologist Frank Peabody. The taxon is based on a single specimen represented by a partial skull and associated postcranial skeleton that is currently deposited at the University of Kansas Natural History Museum.

## Anatomy

The holotype of A. peabodyi is dorsoventrally compressed, obscuring many details of the anatomy. Schoch & Milner (2014) listed only one diagnostic feature for the taxon, a quadratojugal excluded from the smooth ventral border of the otic notch.

## Relationships

Eaton (1973) originally classified Actiobates as a dissorophid but only because he considered the differences between dissorophids and trematopids to be insufficient to warrant their differentiation. Subsequent phylogenetic analyses have generally refrained from including Actiobates in their analysis because of its interpretation as a putative larval individual, but it is widely accepted to be a trematopid in recent studies.
# Adelospondylus

Adelospondylus is an extinct adelospondyl tetrapodomorph from the Carboniferous of what is now Scotland.
# Afrodon

Afrodon is an extinct genus of eutherians in the family Adapisoriculidae. Its type species is Afrodon chleuhi, known from the late Palaeocene of Morocco. The other known species are Afrodon germanicus from the late Palaeocene of Germany and France, Afrodon tagourtensis from the early Eocene of Morocco, Afrodon ivani from the late Palaeocene of Spain, and Afrodon gheerbranti from the early Paleocene of Belgium. Its range spread from the Cernaysian to the Grauvian in the European land mammal ages.

## Distribution

Fossils of Afrodon have been found in:

### Paleocene

* Hainin Formation, Belgium
* Cernay Formation, France
* Tremp Formation, Spain
* Jbel Guersif Formation, Morocco

### Eocene

* Aït Ouarhitane Formation, Morocco
# Aktaua

Aktaua is an extinct genus of sawfish from the Lutetian stage of the Eocene epoch. It is currently known from a single species, A. kizylkumensis. It is found in the White Mountain Formation of Uzbekistan. The species was named for the Kizylkum Desert, in which it was found. The genus name is derived from the Uzbek word for "white," in reference to the formation it was found in.
# Alamosa Formation

The Alamosa Formation is a geologic formation in Colorado. It preserves fossils. The formation was deposited by Lake Alamosa, a paleolake that existed from the Pliocene to the middle Pleistocene.
# Aldrich Station Formation

The Aldrich Station Formation is a geologic formation in Nevada. It preserves fossils dating back to the Neogene period.
# Houman Younessi

Houman Younessi (28 May 1963 – 23 March 2016) was a Kurdish-American educator, practitioner, consultant and investigator in informatics, large scale software development processes, computer science, decision science, molecular biology and functional genomics. He was a research professor at University of Connecticut, and was previously the head of faculty and professor at Hartford Graduate Campus of Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in Hartford, Connecticut and prior to that, a member of the faculty at Swinburne University of Technology in Hawthorn, Victoria, Australia where he attained tenure in 1997.
Younessi was recognized for his work in the fields of defect management, software and system development processes and was an authority in object-oriented computing. Examples of his work include the OPEN and the SBM methodologies and, more recently, recombinant programming.
A multi-disciplinarian, Younessi was also trained in molecular biology, genomics and bioinformatics. His primary interest was in systems and functional biology, particularly work that pertains to disease and development. He also holds a master's degree in management, specializing in realistic alternative frameworks in economics and finance.
Younessi died on 23 March 2016, due to complications arising from small cell lung cancer. Younessi had survived four bouts of cancer since an initial diagnosis of malignant chordoma in 2009.
# Alienochelys

Alienochelys ("strange turtle") is an extinct genus of marine turtle known from Maastrichian-aged Cretaceous phosphates in Morocco. With a skull measuring 41.5 centimetres (1.36 ft) long, it would have been a very large turtle. It was first described as a member of the family Dermochelyidae, meaning that it is a relative of the modern leatherback turtle, though a 2018 study identifies it as a sister taxon of Ocepechelon belonging to the family Protostegidae, indicating that it may have been closer to the extinct Archelon. Unlike other sea turtles, Alienochelys' the jaws being adapted for a powerful crushing pattern well adapted for a durophagous lifestyle, as well as its unusual cranial characteristics.
# Allt Ddu Formation

The Allt Ddu Formation is a geologic formation in Wales. It preserves fossils dating back to the Ordovician period.
# Amarassites

Amarassites is an extinct genus of cephalopods belonging to the ammonite subclass.
# Amole Arkose

The Amole Arkose is a geologic formation in Arizona. It preserves fossils dating back to the Cretaceous period.
# Amphekepubis

Amphekepubis is a dubious genus of mosasaur from the Late Cretaceous of Mexico. Their remains correspond to the holotype specimen UM VP 509, a partial skeleton preserved in three dimensions, comprising the pelvic area, hind limb bones and nine caudal vertebrae, found in the east of Monterrey, in the state of Nuevo Leon, which come from marine sediments (claystones) apparently from the San Felipe Formation, which corresponds to the boundary between the ages of Coniacian and Santonian in the early Late Cretaceous. Amphekepubis is classified within the Mosasaurinae subfamily of mosasaurs.
It has been suggested that the age of the fossils assigned to Amphekepubis may be more recent and that its remains might even belong to the genus Mosasaurus; some recent reviews have simply assigned its type specimen to Mosasaurus.
# Anahuac Formation

The Anahuac Formation is a geologic formation in Texas. It preserves fossils dating back to the Paleogene period.
# Ancholme Group

The Ancholme Group is a geologic group in England. It preserves fossils dating back to the Jurassic period. It has previously been referred to as the Ancholme Clay Group. The group consists of predominantly grey, marine mudstone and silty mudstone with beds of argillaceous limestone nodules. In parts of its range it interfingers with the Corallian Group, which predominantly consists of coralliferous limestones.
# Angoumeius

Angoumeius is an extinct genus of squaliform shark from the Eocene epoch of the Paleogene period. It is named for its type locality, Angoumé, France. It is known from a single species, A. paradoxus. It is known from many isolated teeth from the Lutetian stage. The inferred dentition is highly unusual for so its familial placement and relationship with other genera remains uncertain. It may be close to Kitefin or Sleeper sharks.
# Antelope Shale

The Antelope Shale is a geologic formation in the San Joaquin Valley of central California.
It underlies the Pliocene epoch Etchegoin Formation.
It preserves fossils dating back to the Cretaceous period.
# Antelope Valley Limestone

The Antelope Valley Limestone is a limestone geologic formation of the Pogonip Group in southern Nevada.
It is found in the Antelope Valley region of Eureka County and Nye County.
It preserves fossils dating back to the Whiterock Stage of the Ordovician period.
Funeralaspis, the oldest named odontopleurine trilobite, is known from the Dapingian sediments of this formation.
# Antidorcas australis

Antidorcas australis, also known as the southern springbok, is an extinct species of antelope from the Pleistocene and Holocene of South Africa. It is a close relative of the living springbok.

## Taxonomy

First recovered from Mid Pleistocene deposits at Swartklip along the southern coast of South Africa, the southern springbok was originally described as (and is sometimes still considered) a subspecies of the modern springbok (as Antidorcas marsupialis australis).
It was subsequently elevated to species level, as its presence at Swartkrans suggested a wide temporal and geographic distribution worthy of a valid species, and its taxonomic validity was further strengthened when remains were found together with Antidorcas recki, the presumed ancestor of modern springbok, in Early-Mid Pleistocene deposits.
The genus Antidorcas evolved from an ancestral Gazella species more than 3 million years ago in East Africa and gave rise to A. australis, Antidorcas bondi, and A. recki. The southern springbok, along with A. bondi, became extinct perhaps as recently as 7,000 years ago; at a minimum, fossils have been documented in the very latest Pleistocene deposits at Nelson Bay Cave (13,430 to 14,140 BP).

## Paleoecology

The southern springbok was associated with open-habitat species such as equids and alcelaphine antelopes. Like extant springbok, the southern springbok was probably a mixed feeder, capable of browsing dicots when grasses became unpalatable or scarce.