# List of the Paleozoic life of Virginia

This list of the Paleozoic life of Virginia contains the various prehistoric life-forms whose fossilized remains have been reported from within the US state of Virginia and are between 538.8 and 252.17 million years of age.

## A

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* †Acanthocrania
* †Acanthoparypha – type locality for genus
** †Acanthoparypha chiropyga – type locality for species
** †Acanthoparypha perforata – type locality for species
* †Acmarhachis
** †Acmarhachis acuta
* †Adiantities
** †Adiantities spectabilis
* †Aechimina
* †Agassizocrinus
** †Agassizocrinus ovalis – or unidentified comparable form
* †Allorisma
* †Ambocoelia
** †Ambocoelia umbonata
* †Ambonychia
** †Ambonychia bowmani
* †Amecephalina
** †Amecephalina poulseni
* †Amphigenia
** †Amphigenia curta
* †Amphilichas
** †Amphilichas minganensis
* †Amplexograptus
** †Amplexograptus confertus
* Fossils of the Ordovician-Permian bryozoan Amplexopora †Amplexopora
* †Ampyx
** †Ampyx virginiensis
* †Ampyxina
** †Ampyxina lanceola – type locality for species
** †Ampyxina powelli
* †Anazyga
** †Anazyga recurvirostra
* †Ancanthoparypha
* †Anguloceras – type locality for genus
** †Anguloceras depressum – type locality for species
** †Anguloceras ovatum – type locality for species
** †Anguloceras rotundum – type locality for species
* †Anolotichia
** †Anolotichia explanata – or unidentified comparable form
* †Anoplia
** †Anoplia nucleata
* †Anoplotheca
** †Anoplotheca sulcata
* †Antagmus
* †Anthracospirifer
** †Anthracospirifer leidyi
* †Aphelaspis
** †Aphelaspis quadrata – tentative report
* †Apianurus
** †Apianurus barbatus – type locality for species
** †Apianurus glaber – type locality for species
* †Archaeocyathus
** †Archaeocyathus resseri
* †Archaeosycon
** †Archaeosycon balsami – type locality for species
* Fossils of the Carboniferous-Permian bryozoan Archimedes †Archimedes
* †Arthrorhachis
* †Athyris
** †Athyris angelica
** †Athyris lamellosa
* †Atlanticocoelia
** †Atlanticocoelia acutiplicata
* †Atrypa
** †Atrypa reticularis
* †Aulopora
* †Aviculopecten
** †Aviculopecten monroensis

## B

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* †Bassleroceras
** †Bassleroceras bridgei
** †Bassleroceras dalevillense
* †Bathyholcus
** †Bathyholcus gaspensis
* †Bathyurus
* †Batostoma
** †Batostoma campensis
** †Batostoma sevieri
** †Batostoma suberassum – or unidentified comparable form
* †Batostomella
* Fossilized shell of the Silurian-Early Triassic mollusc Bellerophon †Bellerophon
** †Bellerophon scissile – or unidentified comparable form
** †Bellerophon spergensis – tentative report
* †Bellimurina
** †Bellimurina charlottae
* †Berounella
* †Billingsaria
** †Billingsaria parva
* †Bilobia
* †Bimuria
** †Bimuria immatura – type locality for species
** †Bimuria lamellosa
** †Bimuria superba
* †Blountia
** †Blountia virginica
* †Blountiella
** †Blountiella buttsi – tentative report
* †Bollia – tentative report
** †Bollia diceratina
* †Bonnemaia
* †Bonnia
** †Bonnia crassa
* Life restoration of the Late Devonian placoderm fish Bothriolepis †Bothriolepis
** †Bothriolepis virginiensis – type locality for species
* †Brachyprion
* †Bronteopsis
* †Bucanella
** †Bucanella nana – or unidentified comparable form
* †Bucania
* †Bumastoides
* †Bumastus
** †Bumastus lioderma – or unidentified comparable form
* †Buthotrephis
** †Buthotrephis flexuosa – or unidentified comparable form
** †Buthotrephis gracilis
** †Buthotrephis inosculata
* †Byssonychia
** †Byssonychia praecursa
* †Bythopora

## C

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* †Caborcella
* †Calipernurus
** †Calipernurus insolitus – type locality for species
* †Callixylon
* Fossil of the Early Ordovician-Early Devonian trilobite Calymene †Calymene
* †Calyptaulax
** †Calyptaulax annulata
** †Calyptaulax annulatus
** †Calyptaulax callicephala
** †Calyptaulax callirachis – type locality for species
** †Calyptaulax confluens
** †Calyptaulax gracilens – or unidentified comparable form
* †Camarocladia
** †Camarocladia gracilis
* †Camarotoechia
** †Camarotoechia contracta
** †Camarotoechia quadriplicata
** †Camarotoechia varians – or unidentified comparable form
* †Camerella
** †Camerella varians
* †Campbelloceras
** †Campbelloceras brevicameratum
** †Campbelloceras virginianus
* †Canarekka
** †Canarekka varians – or unidentified comparable form
* †Caneyella
* †Carabocrinus
* †Cardiopteris
** †Cardiopteris abbensis – type locality for species
** †Cardiopteris irregularis – type locality for species
* †Carickia
* †Cariniferella
* †Carniferella
** †Carniferella carinata
* †Caryocystites
* †Cavifera
** †Cavifera concinna – or unidentified comparable form
* †Centrotarphyceras
** †Centrotarphyceras bridgei
** †Centrotarphyceras macdonaldi
* †Ceramoporella
* †Ceratocephala
** †Ceratocephala laciniata – type locality for species
** †Ceratocephala rarispina – type locality for species
** †Ceratocephala triacantheis – type locality for species
** †Ceratocephala tridens
* †Ceratopea – type locality for genus
** †Ceratopea grandis
** †Ceratopea keithi – type locality for species
* †Ceratopsis
** †Ceratopsis chambersi
* †Ceraurinella – type locality for genus
** †Ceraurinella chondra – type locality for species
** †Ceraurinella typa – type locality for species
* Fossil of the Middle-Late Ordovician trilobite Ceraurus †Ceraurus
** †Ceraurus whittingtoni
* †Charionella
** †Charionella scitula
* †Chasmatopora
* †Chasmotopora
* †Chazydictya – tentative report
* †Cheilocephalus
* †Cheirocrinus
** †Cheirocrinus angulatus – tentative report
* †Chepuloceras – type locality for genus
** †Chepuloceras inelegans – type locality for species
* †Chlidanophyton
** †Chlidanophyton dublinensis
* †Chomatopyge
** †Chomatopyge falcata – type locality for species
** †Chomatopyge marginifera – type locality for species
* †Chonetes
** †Chonetes chesterensis
** †Chonetes mucronatus
** †Chonetes novascoticus
** †Chonetes shumardonus
* †Christiania
** †Christiania subquadrata
** †Christiania trentonensis
* Assemblage of fossilized shells of the Ordovician brachiopod Cincinnetina †Cincinnetina
** †Cincinnetina meeki
** †Cincinnetina multisecta
* †Cladopora
* †Clarkoceras – tentative report
* †Cleiocrinus
** †Cleiocrinus tessellatus – or unidentified comparable form
* †Cleiothyridina
** †Cleiothyridina sublamellosa – or unidentified comparable form
* †Cleirocrinus
** †Cleirocrinus tessellatus – or unidentified comparable form
* Assemblage of fossils of the Cambrian graptolite Climacograptus †Climacograptus
** †Climacograptus scharenbergi
* †Cliothyridina
** †Cliothyridina sublamellosa
* †Coeloclema – tentative report
* †Coelospira
** †Coelospira hemisphaerica
** †Coelospira nitens
** †Coelospira planoconvexa
* †Coleoloides
* †Colpomya
** †Colpomya faba
* †Columbocystis
** †Columbocystis typica
* †Columnaria
** †Columnaria halli
* Fossilized shell of the Late Devonian-Permian brachiopod Composita †Composita
** †Composita subquadrata – or unidentified comparable form
* †Conocardium
* †Conocerina
* †Conotreta
** †Conotreta cuspidata
** †Conotreta plana
* †Constellaria
* †Constellirostra
* †Conularia
* †Coosia
** †Coosia alethes
** †Coosia calanus
* †Coosina
** †Coosina ariston
* †Corineorthis
* †Cornellites
* Fossil of the Middle Ordovician-Carboniferous horn coral Cornulites †Cornulites
** †Cornulites flexuosus – or unidentified comparable form
* †Craniops
* †Crepicephalus
** †Crepicephalus rectus
* †Crossia
** †Crossia virginiana
* †Cryptolithus
** †Cryptolithus tesselatus
* †Cryptophragmus
** †Cryptophragmus antiquatus
* †Ctenodonta
** †Ctenodonta pulchella
* †Ctenoloculina
* †Cuneamya
** †Cuneamya scapha
** †Cuneamya umbonata
* †Cupularostrum
** †Cupularostrum congregata
** †Cupularostrum contracta
* †Cybeloides
** †Cybeloides virginiensis
* †Cyclospira
* †Cymatonota
** †Cymatonota pholadis – or unidentified comparable form
* †Cypricarculana – tentative report
* †Cypricardella
* Restoration of the Cambrian-Middle Devonian nautiloid cephalopod Cyrtoceras †Cyrtoceras
* †Cyrtodonta
* †Cyrtodontula
** †Cyrtodontula massanuttenensis
** †Cyrtodontula nasuta
* †Cyrtonella
* †Cyrtonotella
** †Cyrtonotella grandistriata
* †Cyrtospirifer
** †Cyrtospirifer disjunctus
* †Cystelasma
** †Cystelasma quinquiseptatum
* †Cystiphylloides
* †Cystiphyllum
* †Cystodictya
** †Cystodictya lineata
** †Cystodictya ovatipora

## D

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* †Dactylogonia
** †Dactylogonia palustris – or unidentified related form
* †Dakeoceras
* †Dalmanella
** †Dalmanella bassleri
** †Dalmanella costellata
** †Dalmanella fertilis
** †Dalmanella rogata
** †Dalmanella sculpta – or unidentified comparable form
* Fossil of the Late Ordovician-Middle Devonian trilobite Dalmanites †Dalmanites – or unidentified comparable form
* †Decoroproetus
* †Dekayia
* †Delocrinus
* †Densastroma
** †Densastroma pexisum
* †Dermatostroma
* †Devonochonetes
** †Devonochonetes scitulus – or unidentified comparable form
* †Diabolocrinus
* †Diacanthaspis
** †Diacanthaspis cooperi – type locality for species
** †Diacanthaspis lepidus – type locality for species
** †Diacanthaspis orandensis – type locality for species
** †Diacanthaspis scitulus – type locality for species
** †Diacanthaspis secretus – type locality for species
** †Diacanthaspis ulrichi – type locality for species
* †Diaphragmus
* †Dicellograptus
* †Dicellomus
** †Dicellomus appalachia
* †Dichotrypa
** †Dichotrypa flabellum – tentative report
* †Dictyoclostus
** †Dictyoclostus burlingtonensis
** †Dictyoclostus inflatus
** †Dictyoclostus parvus
** †Dictyoclostus scitulus
* †Dielasma
** †Dielasma arkansanum – or unidentified comparable form
* †Dimeropyge
** †Dimeropyge spinifera – type locality for species
** †Dimeropyge virginiensis – type locality for species
* †Dinorthis
** †Dinorthis atavoides
** †Dinorthis interstriata
** †Dinorthis transversa
** †Dinorthis willardi
* †Dionide
** †Dionide holdeni
* Cambrian graptolite Diplograptus †Diplograptus
** †Diplograptus foliaceus
** †Diplograptus vespertinus – or unidentified comparable form
* †Dizygopleura
* †Doleroides
** †Doleroides ponderosus – type locality for species
* †Dolichoharpes
** †Dolichoharpes reticulata
* †Donaldina
* †Douvillina
* †Drabia
** †Drabia curtoccipita
* †Drepanella
** †Drepanella richardsoni
* †Dromopus
** †Dromopus aduncus
* †Dunderbergia
** †Dunderbergia simplex
** †Dunderbergia variagranula – or unidentified comparable form
* †Dystactispongia
* †Dystactospongia
** †Dystactospongia minor

## E

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* †Ecculiomphalus
* †Eccyliopterus
* †Echinoconchus
** †Echinoconchus elegans – or unidentified related form
* †Echinocrinus
* Fossil of the Early-Middle Ordovician cystoid echinoderm Echinosphaerites †Echinosphaerites
** †Echinosphaerites aurantium
* †Ectenoceras
** †Ectenoceras chepultepecense
** †Ectenoceras compressum
** †Ectenoceras exile
** †Ectenoceras longum
* †Edmondia – tentative report
* †Edmondia
* †Elliptoglossa
** †Elliptoglossa ovalis
** †Elliptoglossa rotundata
* †Embolophyllum
** †Embolophyllum schucherti
* †Encrinuroides
* †Eodevonaria
** †Eodevonaria arcuata
* †Eoharpes
* †Eomonorachus
* †Eophacops
* †Eoplectodonta
** †Eoplectodonta alternata
* †Eopsongia
* †Eoptychoparia
** †Eoptychoparia clearbranches
** †Eoptychoparia taylori
* †Eospongia
** †Eospongia roemeri
** †Eospongia varians
* †Eotomaria
** †Eotomaria canalifera
* †Epiphyton
* †Eridorthis
** †Eridorthis inexpecta – type locality for species
* †Eridotrypa
* †Escharopora
** †Escharopora subrecta
* †Esharopora
* Illustration with inset cross-section diagrams of the Cambrian sponge Ethmophyllum †Ethmophyllum
** †Ethmophyllum whitneyi
* †Euchasma
** †Euchasma blumenbachi
* †Euphemites
** †Euphemites galericulatus
* †Eurychilina
** †Eurychilina latimarginata – or unidentified comparable form
** †Eurychilina subradiata
* †Eurystomites
** †Eurystomites bolarensis
* †Eustephanella
** †Eustephanella catastephanes

## F

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* †Fardenia
* Fossil of the Late Ordovician-Permian tabulate coral Favosites †Favosites
* †Fenestralia
** †Fenestralia sanctiludovici
* †Fenestrellina
** †Fenestrellina regalis – tentative report
** †Fenestrellina serratula
** †Fenestrellina tenax
* †Finkelnburgia
** †Finkelnburgia buttsi
* †Fletcheria – tentative report
** †Fletcheria incognita – or unidentified comparable form
* Front (left) and right side (right) views of an enrolled fossil of the Middle Ordovician-Silurian trilobite Flexicalymene †Flexicalymene
** †Flexicalymene senaria
* †Foerstia
** †Foerstia ohioensis
* †Furcitella
** †Furcitella plicata – type locality for species

## G

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* †Gasconadia
** †Gasconadia putilla
* †Genselia
* †Girtyella
** †Girtyella indianensis
** †Girtyella turgida
* †Girvanella
* †Glaphyraspis
** †Glaphyraspis ovata
** †Glaphyraspis parva
* †Glauconome
* †Glenodonta
* †Globocrinus
** †Globocrinus unionensis – or unidentified comparable form
* †Glyptambonites
** †Glyptambonites glyptus – type locality for species
** †Glyptambonites musculosus
* †Glyptometopsis
** †Glyptometopsis marginata
** †Glyptometopsis tumida
* †Glyptopora
* †Glyptorthis
** †Glyptorthis bellarugosa
** †Glyptorthis bellatula – type locality for species
** †Glyptorthis equiconvexa
** †Glyptorthis glypta – type locality for species
** †Glyptorthis senecta – type locality for species
** †Glyptorthis uniformis – type locality for species
* †Gnetopsis
** †Gnetopsis hispida
* †Gonioceras
* †Grammysia
* †Graphiadactyllis
* †Graptodictya
* †Grenevievella – or unidentified comparable form
* †Grivanella

## H

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* Fossil of the Ordovician bryozoan ("moss animal") Hallopora †Hallopora
** †Hallopora multitabulata
* †Harpidella
* †Healdia
* †Hebertella
** †Hebertella frankfortensis
** †Hebertella sinuata
* †Helcionella
* †Helicotoma
** †Helicotoma declivis
** †Helicotoma granosa – or unidentified comparable form
** †Helicotoma tennesseensis
** †Helicotoma verticalis – or unidentified comparable form
* †Heliomeroides
** †Heliomeroides teres – type locality for species
* †Hellopora
* †Hemiphragma
* †Hemithecella – type locality for genus
** †Hemithecella expansa – type locality for species
* †Hemitrypa
** †Hemitrypa proutana
* †Hesperorthis
** †Hesperorthis tricenaria – or unidentified comparable form
* †Heterotrypa
* †Holdenia
** †Holdenia typa
* †Holia
** †Holia cimelia – type locality for species
** †Holia secristi – type locality for species
* Fossilized shells of the Ordovician-Carboniferous sea snail Holopea †Holopea
** †Holopea scrutator
* †Homagnostus
* †Homotelus
** †Homotelus elongatus
** †Homotelus simplex – or unidentified comparable form
* †Hormotoma
* †Howellella
* †Hustedograptus
** †Hustedograptus teretiusculus – or unidentified comparable form
* †Hyboaspis
* †Hyolithellus
** †Hyolithellus micans
** †Hyolithellus micras
†Hyolithes
* †Hypseloconus
** †Hypseloconus bessemerense – or unidentified comparable form
* †Hystricurus – tentative report

## I

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* Fossil of the Middle Ordovician trilobite Illaenus †Illaenus
** †Illaenus fieldi
* †Illaneus
* †Inflatia
* †Iridopteris
** †Iridopteris eriensis
* †Ischycondonta
* †Ischyrodonta
** †Ischyrodonta unionoides
* †Isochilina
** †Isochilina armata
* Fossil of the Middle-Late Ordovician giant trilobite Isotelus. †Isotelus
** †Isotelus maximus
** †Isotelus megistos

## K

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* †Kingstonia
* †Kionoceras
* †Kirkbyella
* †Komaspidella
** †Komaspidella laevis
** †Komaspidella lata
* Fossil of the Cambrian trilobite Kootenia †Kootenia
** †Kootenia browni
** †Kootenia oblivia
* †Krausella
** †Krausella arcuata
* †Kullervo
** †Kullervo ornata – type locality for species
** †Kullervo parva – type locality for species
* †Kutorgina
** †Kutorgina cingulata

## L

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* †Labyrinthus
* †Lagenospermum
** †Lagenospermum imparirameum
* †Lambeophyllum
* †Laticrura – type locality for genus
** †Laticrura magna – type locality for species
** †Laticrura pionodema – type locality for species
* †Latouchella
* †Lecanospira
** †Lecanospira compacta
* †Leiorhynchus
** †Leiorhynchus mesicostale
* †Leperditella
** †Leperditella sulcata
* †Leperditia
** †Leperditia fabulites
* Restoration of the Carboniferous-Late Triassic club moss relative Lepidodendron. Eli Heimans (1911). †Lepidodendron
* †Lepidodendropsis
** †Lepidodendropsis scobiniformis
** †Lepidodendropsis sigillarioides
** †Lepidodendropsis vandergrachti
* †Leptaena
** †Leptaena ordovicica – type locality for species
* †Leptellina
** †Leptellina transversa – type locality for species
* †Leptobolus
* †Leptocoelia
* †Leptocyrtoceras
** †Leptocyrtoceras virginianum
* †Leptodesma
** †Leptodesma potens
** †Leptodesma spinerigum
* Life restoration of the Early Ordovician nautiloid cephalopod Levisoceras †Levisoceras
** †Levisoceras ellipticum
** †Levisoceras instabile
** †Levisoceras transitum
* †Lichenaria
** †Lichenaria carterensis
* Lingula
** †Lingula nicklesi – or unidentified comparable form
** †Lingula nympha – or unidentified comparable form
* †Lingulasma
** †Lingulasma compactum – type locality for species
* †Lingulella – tentative report
* †Liocalymene
** †Liocalymene clintoni
* †Liospira
** †Liospira vitruvia
* †Lithostrontionella
** †Lithostrontionella prolifera
* †Llanoaspis
** †Llanoaspis convexifrons
* Fossil of the Ordovician trilobite Lonchodomas †Lonchodomas
** †Lonchodomas carinatus – type locality for species
* †Longispina
** †Longispina mucronatus
* †Lophonema – tentative report
* †Lophospira
** †Lophospira milleri
** †Lophospira perangulata
* †Loxobucania
** †Loxobucania emmonsi
* †Loxoplocus
* †Lyrodesma

## M

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* †Maclurina
** †Maclurina bigsbyi
* †Macluritella
** †Macluritella gyroceras
** †Macluritella multiseptarius – tentative report
** †Macluritella uniangulata
* †Maclurites
** †Maclurites magnus
* †Macrocoelia
** †Macrocoelia magna
** †Macrocoelia rotunda
* †Macropyge – tentative report
* †Marginovatia
** †Marginovatia minor
* †Marvillia
** †Marvillia bristolensis
* †Maryvillia
** †Maryvillia arion
* †Mastigobolbina
** †Mastigobolbina lata
* †Meekospira
* †Megambonia
* †Mesotaphraspis – type locality for genus
** †Mesotaphraspis inornata – type locality for species
** †Mesotaphraspis parva – type locality for species
* †Mesotrypa
* Restoration of the Cambrian trilobite Meteoraspis †Meteoraspis
** †Meteoraspis mutica
* †Mexicaspis
* †Michelinoceras
* †Microplasma
** †Microplasma fasciculatum
* †Mimella
** †Mimella globosa
** †Mimella melonica
** †Mimella vulgaris
* Life restoration of the Silurian trilobite Miraspis †Miraspis
* †Modiolopsis
** †Modiolopsis modiolaris
* †Monogonoceras
** †Monogonoceras magnisiphonatum
* †Monotrypa
* †Monticulipora
* †Multicostella
** †Multicostella brevis
** †Multicostella bursa
** †Multicostella platys
* †Multispinula
** †Multispinula cuneata
* †Muriceras
* †Mytilarca

## N

* A
* B
* C
* D
* E
* F
* G
* H
* I
* J
* K
* L
* M
* N
* O
* P
* Q
* R
* S
* T
* U
* V
* W
* X
* Y
* Z
* Fossilized shell of the Early Devonian – Triassic sea snail Naticopsis †Naticopsis
** †Naticopsis buttsi
* †Nemagraptus
** †Nemagraptus gracilis
* †Neozaphrentis
* †Nervostrophia
** †Nervostrophia nervosa
* †Nicholsonella
* †Nicholsonells
* †Nidulites
** †Nidulites pyriformis
* †Nileus
* †Niobe
* †Nisusia
** †Nisusia festinata
* †Nolichuckia
** †Nolichuckia casteri
* †Norwoodella
** †Norwoodella saffordi
* †Nothognathella
* Interior of a fossilized shell of the Early Ordovician-modern marine bivalve Nucula Nucula
* Nuculana
* †Nuculites
* †Nuculopsis
* †Nuia

## O

* A
* B
* C
* D
* E
* F
* G
* H
* I
* J
* K
* L
* M
* N
* O
* P
* Q
* R
* S
* T
* U
* V
* W
* X
* Y
* Z
* †Odontopleura
* †Oepikina
** †Oepikina minnesoteniss – report made of unidentified related form or using admittedly obsolete nomenclature
** †Oepikina minnesotensis
* Restoration of the Cambrian trilobite Olenellus †Olenellus
* †Olenoides
** †Olenoides nitidus
* †Omospira
** †Omospira laticincta – or unidentified comparable form
* †Onchocephalites
** †Onchocephalites rotundiformis
* †Onchocephalus
* †Onniella
* †Onychoceras
** †Onychoceras subrotundum
* †Ophileta
** †Ophileta complanata
* †Ophiletina
** †Ophiletina sublaxa
* †Opikina
** †Opikina matutina – type locality for species
** †Opikina varia
* †Orbiculoidea
* †Orbignyella
* †Orthambonites
** †Orthambonites divaricatus
* †Orthoceras
** †Orthoceras multicameratum
* †Orthodesma
** †Orthodesma nasutum
* †Orthorhynchula
** †Orthorhynchula linneyi – or unidentified comparable form
* †Orthotetes
* †Otarion
* †Ottoseetaxis
* †Oulodus
** †Oulodus pectinata
* †Ovatia
** †Ovatia ovata – or unidentified comparable form
* †Oxoplecia
** †Oxoplecia gibbosa
** †Oxoplecia holstonensis
** †Oxoplecia hostonensis
** †Oxoplecia multicostellata
** †Oxoplecia simulatrix
* †Ozarkispira
** †Ozarkispira subelevata – type locality for species
* †Ozarkodina

## P

* A
* B
* C
* D
* E
* F
* G
* H
* I
* J
* K
* L
* M
* N
* O
* P
* Q
* R
* S
* T
* U
* V
* W
* X
* Y
* Z
* †Pachendoceras
** †Pachendoceras brevicameratum – type locality for species
** †Pachendoceras parvum
* †Pachydictya
** †Pachydictya robusta
** †Pachydictya senilis – or unidentified comparable form
* †Pachydomella – tentative report
* †Pachyglossella
** †Pachyglossella pachydermata
* Fossil of the Cambrian trilobite Pagetia †Pagetia
** †Pagetia ellsi
* †Palaeoneilo
** †Palaeoneilo petila
* †Palaeophycus – tentative report
* †Palaeostrophomena
** †Palaeostrophomena subtransversa – type locality for species
* †Paleocrinus
** †Paleocrinus striatus – or unidentified comparable form
* †Paleyoldia
* †Paractinoceras
** †Paractinoceras lamellosum
* †Parallelostroma
** †Parallelostroma kaugatomicum
** †Parallelostroma keyserense – type locality for species
** †Parallelostroma longicolumnum – type locality for species
** †Parallelostroma microporum
** †Parallelostroma multicolumnum – type locality for species
** †Parallelostroma typicum
* †Paraparchites – tentative report
* †Pararaphistoma – or unidentified comparable form
* †Parastrophina
* †Paratalarocrinus – type locality for genus
** †Paratalarocrinus transitorius – type locality for species
* †Paterina
* †Pattella
** †Pattella massanuttense
* †Paucicrura
* †Pauorthis
* †Paupospira
** †Paupospira burginensis
** †Paupospira sumnerensis
** †Paupospira tropidophora
* †Paurorthis
** †Paurorthis ponderosa
* †Pemphigaspis
* Fossilized theca of the Carboniferous blastoid echinoderm ("sea bud") Pentremites †Pentremites
** †Pentremites planus – tentative report
* †Perimecocoelia
** †Perimecocoelia semicostata
** †Perimecocoelia triangulata
* †Peronopora
* †Phaenopora
* †Phestia
* †Phillipsia
* †Pholidops
** †Pholidops areolata
** †Pholidops cincinnatiensis
* †Phragmolites
** †Phragmolites triangularis – or unidentified comparable form
* †Phragmorthis – type locality for genus
** †Phragmorthis buttsi – type locality for species
* †Phyllodictya
** †Phyllodictya frondosa
* †Phylloporina
* Pinna
* †Pionodema
** †Pionodema miniscula
** †Pionodema subaequata
* †Plaesiomys
* †Platyceras
* †Platycrinus
** †Platycrinus penicillus
* †Platyrachella
* Fossilized shell of the Middle Ordovician-Silurian brachiopod Platystrophia †Platystrophia
* †Plectocamara
* †Plectoceras
** †Plectoceras bondi
* †Plectonotus
* †Plectorthis
** †Plectorthis exfoliata – or unidentified comparable form
* †Plethobolbina
* †Plethrospira – tentative report
* †Plexodictyon
** †Plexodictyon waparksi – or unidentified comparable form
* †Pliomerella
* †Pocononia
** †Pocononia whitei – type locality for species
* †Pojetaconcha – tentative report
* †Poliella
** †Poliella virginica
* †Polylopia
** †Polylopia billingsi
* †Polypora
** †Polypora impressa – tentative report
* †Posidonia
** †Posidonia becheri
* †Praenucula
** †Praenucula albertina
* †Prasopora
* †Primaspis
** †Primaspis ascitus – type locality for species
* †Primitiella
** †Primitiella constricta
* †Prioniodina
* †Prismostylus
** †Prismostylus fibratum
* †Probolichas
** †Probolichas pandus – type locality for species
* †Productella
* †Productorthis
** †Productorthis agilera
* †Productus
** †Productus altonensis
* Restoration of the Silurian trilobite Proetus †Proetus
** †Proetus crassimarginatus
* †Prothyris
* †Protobarinophyton
* †Protolepidodendron
** †Protolepidodendron primaevum
* †Protoleptostrophia
** †Protoleptostrophia perplana
* †Protostigmaria
** †Protostigmaria eggertiana
* †Protozyga
** †Protozyga uniplicata – type locality for species
* †Prozacanthoides
** †Prozacanthoides clearbranchensis
** †Prozacanthoides virginicus
* †Pseudagnostus
** †Pseudagnostus communis
* †Pseudosphaerexochus
* †Pterinea
** †Pterinea insueta
** †Pterinea maternata
* †Pterocephalops
** †Pterocephalops acrophthalma
* †Pterocrinus
** †Pterocrinus serratus
* †Pterygometopus
* †Ptychoglyptus
** †Ptychoglyptus virginiensis
* †Ptychopleurella
** †Ptychopleurella mediocostata – type locality for species
** †Ptychopleurella rectangulata – type locality for species
** †Ptychopleurella sulcata
* †Punctospirifer
** †Punctospirifer transversa – or unidentified comparable form
** †Punctospirifer transversus

## Q

* A
* B
* C
* D
* E
* F
* G
* H
* I
* J
* K
* L
* M
* N
* O
* P
* Q
* R
* S
* T
* U
* V
* W
* X
* Y
* Z
* †Quebecaspis
** †Quebecaspis conifrons
** †Quebecaspis marylandica

## R

* A
* B
* C
* D
* E
* F
* G
* H
* I
* J
* K
* L
* M
* N
* O
* P
* Q
* R
* S
* T
* U
* V
* W
* X
* Y
* Z
* †Rafinesquina
** †Rafinesquina altenata
** †Rafinesquina alternata
** †Rafinesquina deltoidea – or unidentified comparable form
** †Rafinesquina fracta
** †Rafinesquina obsoleta – or unidentified comparable form
** †Rafinesquina planulata – type locality for species
** †Rafinesquina pulchella
* †Raphistomina
* †Raymondaspis
** †Raymondaspis gregarius
* †Raymondella
** †Raymondella elegans
* Fossil of the Early Ordovician-Permian benthic alga Receptaculites †Receptaculites
** †Receptaculites biconstrictus
** †Receptaculites occidentalis
* †Redstonia
** †Redstonia cooperi
* †Regnellicystis
** †Regnellicystis typicalis
* †Remopleurides
** †Remopleurides asperulus – type locality for species
** †Remopleurides caelatus – type locality for species
** †Remopleurides caphyroides – type locality for species
** †Remopleurides eximius – type locality for species
** †Remopleurides plaesiourus – type locality for species
** †Remopleurides simulus – type locality for species
* †Resserella
** †Resserella rogata
* †Reticestus – tentative report
* †Reticulariina
** †Reticulariina spinosa – or unidentified comparable form
* †Reuschella
** †Reuschella americana – type locality for species
** †Reuschella edsoni
* †Rhacophyton
* †Rhacopteris
* †Rhinidictya
** †Rhinidictya nicholsoni
* †Rhipidomena
** †Rhipidomena tennesseensis
* Shell of a Rhodea land snail †Rhodea
** †Rhodea blacksburgensis – type locality for species
** †Rhodea vespertina – type locality for species
* †Rhombopora
** †Rhombopora simulatrix
* †Rhynchotrema
* †Rhytimya
* †Robergia
** †Robergia major
* †Robergiella
** †Robergiella sagittalis – type locality for species
* †Robsonoceras
* †Rodea
** †Rodea vespertina – type locality for species
* Rostricellula
** †Rostricellula plena
** †Rostricellula pristina
* †Rothpletzella
* †Ruedemannia
** †Ruedemannia lirata

## S

* A
* B
* C
* D
* E
* F
* G
* H
* I
* J
* K
* L
* M
* N
* O
* P
* Q
* R
* S
* T
* U
* V
* W
* X
* Y
* Z
* Illustration of fossilized shells of the mysterious Cambrian organism Salterella †Salterella
** †Salterella conulata
* †Salteria
** †Salteria americana
* †Sanguinolites
* †Scaphorthis
** †Scaphorthis perplexa – type locality for species
* †Scenellopora
** †Scenellopora radiata
* †Schellwienella – tentative report
* †Schizambon
** †Schizambon cuneatus
** †Schizambon macrothyris
* †Schizodus
* †Schizophoria
** †Schizophoria impressa
* †Schizotreta
* †Schuchertella
** †Schuchertella desiderata
** †Schuchertella pandora
* †Scotoharpes
* †Sedgwickia
* †Sellenopora
* †Septopora
** †Septopora cestriensis
* †Sinuopea
** †Sinuopea basiplanata – or unidentified related form
* †Siphonodella
** †Siphonodella duplicata
* †Skenidioides
** †Skenidioides mediocostatus – type locality for species
** †Skenidioides transversus – type locality for species
* Solemya
* Fossils of the red alga Solenopora †Solenopora
** †Solenopora compacta
* †Sowerbyella
** †Sowerbyella acquistriata – or unidentified related form
** †Sowerbyella aequistriata – or unidentified comparable form
** †Sowerbyella curdsvillensis
** †Sowerbyella delicatula
** †Sowerbyella lebanonensis – or unidentified comparable form
** †Sowerbyella levanonensis – or unidentified comparable form
** †Sowerbyella negrita – or unidentified comparable form
** †Sowerbyella pisum
** †Sowerbyella rugosa
** †Sowerbyella sericea – report made of unidentified related form or using admittedly obsolete nomenclature
** †Sowerbyella silicica – type locality for species
** †Sowerbyella socialis
* †Sowerbyites
** †Sowerbyites triseptatus
* †Sowrbyella
* †Spathella
* †Spathognathodus
* †Spencella
** †Spencella virginica
* Fossil of the Middle Ordovician-Silurian trilobite Sphaerexochus †Sphaerexochus
** †Sphaerexochus hapsidotus – type locality for species
** †Sphaerexochus pulcher – type locality for species
* †Sphaerocoryphe
** †Sphaerocoryphe gemina – type locality for species
** †Sphaerocoryphe longispina – type locality for species
* †Sphenotreta
** †Sphenotreta acutirostris
* †Spinatrypa
** †Spinatrypa spinosa
* Fossilized shell of the Late Ordovician-Late Triassic brachiopod Spirifer †Spirifer
** †Spirifer bifurcatus
** †Spirifer macrus
** †Spirifer marcyi – tentative report
** †Spirifer mesistrialis
** †Spirifer stratiformis – or unidentified comparable form
** †Spirifer striatiformis – or unidentified comparable form
** †Spirifer varicosus
** †Spirifer winchelli – tentative report
* †Spongophylloides
* †Spyroceras
* †Stegerhynchus
** †Stegerhynchus neglectum
* †Stenoblepharum – broadly construed
** †Stenoblepharum strasburgense – type locality for species
* †Stenopareia
* †Stictopora
* †Strepulites
* †Stromatocerium
** †Stromatocerium rugosum
* †Stromatoceruium
** †Stromatoceruium rugosum
* Fossilized shell of the Ordovician-Silurian brachiopod Strophomena †Strophomena
** †Strophomena emaciata
** †Strophomena filitexta
** †Strophomena incurvata
** †Strophomena sculpturatus
** †Strophomena tennesseensus
** †Strophomena tenuitesta
* †Strphomena
** †Strphomena incurvata
* †Subligaculum
* †Subulites
** †Subulites regularis
* †Sulevorthis
** †Sulevorthis bielsteini
** †Sulevorthis parvicrassicostatus
* †Synprioniodina
* Fossil of the Devonian tabulate coral Syringopora †Syringopora
** †Syringopora virginica
* †Syringothyris
** †Syringothyris textus – or unidentified comparable form

## T

* A
* B
* C
* D
* E
* F
* G
* H
* I
* J
* K
* L
* M
* N
* O
* P
* Q
* R
* S
* T
* U
* V
* W
* X
* Y
* Z
* †Tabulipora
** †Tabulipora tuberculata
* †Taenicephalites
** †Taenicephalites macrops
* †Talarocrinus
** †Talarocrinus trijugis – or unidentified comparable form
* †Tancrediopsis
* †Taphrorthis
** †Taphrorthis peculiaris
* †Telephina
* Fossilized shell of the Early Ordovician-Late Devonian probable mollusc Tentaculites †Tentaculites
** †Tentaculites lowdoni – type locality for species
** †Tentaculites minutus
** †Tentaculites scalaris
* †Terranovella
** †Terranovella dorsalis
* †Teteracamera – tentative report
* †Tetracamera
* †Tetradium
** †Tetradium cellulosum
** †Tetradium clarki – tentative report
** †Tetradium columnare – tentative report
** †Tetradium racemosum
** †Tetradium syringoporoides
* †Tetralobula
** †Tetralobula delicatula
* †Thaleops
** †Thaleops conradi
* †Titanambonites
** †Titanambonites crassus
* †Torynifer
** †Torynifer pseudolineata – or unidentified comparable form
** †Torynifer pseudolineatus
* †Tretaspis
** †Tretaspis sagenosus
* Fossil of the Cambrian trilobite Tricrepicephalus †Tricrepicephalus
** †Tricrepicephalus cedarensis
** †Tricrepicephalus simplex
* †Trinodus
** †Trinodus elspethi
* †Triphyllopteris
** †Triphyllopteris alleghanensis
** †Triphyllopteris biloba – type locality for species
** †Triphyllopteris lascuriana
** †Triphyllopteris latilobata – type locality for species
** †Triphyllopteris lescuriana
** †Triphyllopteris lesuriana
** †Triphyllopteris rarinervis – type locality for species
** †Triphyllopteris uberis
** †Triphyllopteris virginiana
* †Trocholitoceras
** †Trocholitoceras bevani
* †Trochonema
** †Trochonema bellulum
** †Trochonema trochonemoides – tentative report
** †Trochonema umbilicata
* †Tropidodiscus
* Fossils of the bore-hole ichnogenus Trypanites Trypanites
* †Tryplasma
* †Tubulibairdia
* †Tylothyris
** †Tylothyris mesacostalis

## U

* A
* B
* C
* D
* E
* F
* G
* H
* I
* J
* K
* L
* M
* N
* O
* P
* Q
* R
* S
* T
* U
* V
* W
* X
* Y
* Z
* †Ulrichia
* †Uncinulus

## V

* A
* B
* C
* D
* E
* F
* G
* H
* I
* J
* K
* L
* M
* N
* O
* P
* Q
* R
* S
* T
* U
* V
* W
* X
* Y
* Z
* †Valcourea
** †Valcourea crassa – or unidentified comparable form
** †Valcourea deflecta – or unidentified comparable form
** †Valcourea delfecta – or unidentified comparable form
** †Valcourea semicarinata – type locality for species
* †Vanuxemia
** †Vanuxemia crassa – or unidentified comparable form

## W

* A
* B
* C
* D
* E
* F
* G
* H
* I
* J
* K
* L
* M
* N
* O
* P
* Q
* R
* S
* T
* U
* V
* W
* X
* Y
* Z
* †Wilkingia
* †Wilsoniella
* †Woosteroceras
** †Woosteroceras chepultepecense – type locality for species

## Z

* A
* B
* C
* D
* E
* F
* G
* H
* I
* J
* K
* L
* M
* N
* O
* P
* Q
* R
* S
* T
* U
* V
* W
* X
* Y
* Z
* †Zaphrenthis
** †Zaphrenthis spinulosa
* †Zaphrentites
** †Zaphrentites spinulosa – or unidentified comparable form
* †Zelophyllum
* †Zygobolba
** †Zygobolba decora
* †Zygosella
* †Zygospira
** †Zygospira lebanonensis
** †Zygospira modesta