OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Belle Hagner

Isabella Louisa Hagner James (July 23, 1875 – November 1, 1943) was the first White House social secretary. She served in the administrations of President Theodore Roosevelt, William Howard Taft, and Woodrow Wilson.

## Early life and career

Born in 1875, Hagner spent much of her childhood in the Washington, D.C. neighborhood of Lafayette Square. Hagner’s father, Charles Evelyn Hagner and her mother, Isabella Wynn Davis Hagner both died in 1892, leaving 16 year old Belle responsible for caring for her three younger brothers. Hagner's great-uncle was Alexander Burton Hagner, judge of the United States District Court for the District of Columbia. Hagner was educated by governesses and in private schools.
Hagner began working as a secretary for a variety of women in the District of Columbia, and helped women with the invitations for debutante teas. She was hired by a number of prominent women, and eventually worked for the family of William S. Cowles, the brother-in-law of Theodore Roosevelt.
In 1898, she became a clerk in the office of the surgeon general of the United States, but she regularly took leave to continue as a social secretary for various women, including Ida Saxton McKinley, and the wife of U.S. senator Elihu Root. During that period, Hagner was also the first agent for the Social Register in Washington and secretary for the hostess of U.S. senator Chauncey Depew.
Hagner first met Second Lady-designate Edith Roosevelt in 1901 after the Presidential election of 1900.

## White House role

In 1901, First Lady of the United States Edith Roosevelt made an institutional change when she hired Hagner as the first full time White House social secretary to serve a first lady. Hagner's initial assignment was to plan Alice Roosevelt's societal debut in 1902. Edith soon began to rely on Hagner and authorized her to release photos of the first family in hopes of avoiding unauthorized press candids. Hagner was said to have an excellent knowledge of politics that was useful to the family.
Hagner worked in the White House during the duration of the Roosevelt Administration, also served Helen Herron Taft, and was the first appointee of President Woodrow Wilson, serving for a period as the social secretary to Ellen Wilson. Hagner also worked in the Bureau of Trade Relations at the United States Department of State.
During her time working in the federal government, Hagner's brother Randall owned a real estate venture that profited from her social contacts.

## In popular culture

Hagner's memoirs are preserved by the White House Historical Association.
The character of Belle Hagner was portrayed by Karen Ziemba in the musical Teddy & Alice (1987).

## Personal life

Hagner married Norman James in 1915. Upon their marriage in 1915, James persuaded Hagner to give up her work to become mistress of Overhills, a large estate and grounds located in Catonsville, Maryland. In 1928, Hagner and her husband sold the property and moved to Baltimore.
Hagner died in 1943 and is buried in Loudon Park Cemetery.
# Timothy M. Swager

Timothy M. Swager (born 1961) is an American Scientist and the John D. MacArthur Professor of Chemistry at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. His research is at the interface of chemistry and materials science, with specific interests in carbon nanomaterials, polymers, and liquid crystals. He is an elected member of the National Academy of Sciences, American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and the National Academy of Inventors.

## Career and research

A native of Sheridan Montana, Swager earned his BS in Chemistry from Montana State University, received a PhD from the California Institute of Technology working with Robert H. Grubbs, and performed postdoctoral studies at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology under Mark S. Wrighton. He began as an assistant professor at the University of Pennsylvania in 1990 and returned to MIT in 1996 as a Full Professor. Swager is best known for advancing new chemical sensing concepts based on molecular electronic principles. He introduced the concepts of charge and energy transport through molecular and nanowires as a method to create amplified signals to chemical events. These methods gave rise to the sensitive explosive sensors that have been commercialized under the trade name Fido. He demonstrated the integration of molecular recognition into chemiresistive sensors, first with conducting polymers and later with carbon nanotubes, and these methods were first commercialized by C$_2$Sense. He is also the cofounder of PolyJoule Inc. that produces organic batteries for stationary energy storage, and founded Xibus Systems that is developing improved methods for pathogenic bacteria detection in food production.
Swager also has pioneering contributions to the areas of liquid crystals demonstrating how novel molecular shapes can be used to introduce intermolecular correlations in structures and alignment. In the area of high strength materials, by creating interlocking structures with enhanced ductility and strength. In carbon nanomaterials he has developed methods for functionalizing and/or dispersing graphenes and carbon nanotubes. Also he has designed novel radical materials in collaboration with Robert G. Griffin (MIT) for dynamic nuclear polarization to enhance the signal to noise ratio in NMR experiments. A number of these enhancement agents are commercially available from DyNuPol Corp. Swager has published more than 500 peer reviewed manuscripts and has more than 100 issued patents. As of January 2024, he has a Hirsch index of 120.

## Notable awards

* 2005 Carl S. Marvel Creative Polymer Chemistry Award, American Chemical Society
* 2005 Christopher Columbus Foundation Homeland Security Award
* 2007 Lemelson-MIT Award for Invention and Innovation
* 2008 Honorary Doctorate of Science, Montana State University
* 2013 Award for Creative Invention, American Chemical Society
* 2016 Gustavus John Esselen Award for Chemistry in the Public Interest
* 2016 Linus Pauling Award
* 2019 Polymer Chemistry Award, American Chemical Society
* 2025 American Chemical Society Arthur C. Cope Award
# Trapp Family Austrian Relief

Trapp Family Austrian Relief, Inc. is an initiative founded by Georg von Trapp and Maria von Trapp of the famous Austrian singing family, the Trapp Family, and was an integral part of the effort to promote the Austria victim theory.

## History

In January 1947, Major General Harry J. Collins turned to Georg von Trapp and Maria von Trapp in Stowe, Vermont, pleading for help for the Austrian people, having seen the residents of Salzburg suffer when he had arrived there with the famed 42nd Rainbow Division after World War II.
After founding the initiative, Georg and Maria von Trapp took on the posts of president and vice-president, while Monsignore Dr. Franz Wasner was appointed treasurer.
   The country that gave to the world Haydn, Schubert, Mozart, and Silent Night will perish if we do not help them. Everybody knows about the situation the greater European countries are in. But few people can imagine what is happening in Austria, whose citizens are about to lose courage and hope.

## Awards

* In 1949 Pope Pius XII awarded Maria Augusta von Trapp the Benemerenti medal as a recognition for the Trapp Family Austrian Relief Inc.
* On September 29, 2007, Tizzy von Trapp Walker, daughter of Rupert von Trapp, was honoured on behalf of the Trapp Family with the Egon Ranshofen-Wertheimer Award in Braunau am Inn within the scope of the 16th Braunau Contemporary History Days, for their work performed and their espousing Austria. Braunau am Inn is the birthplace of Adolf Hitler.
# Cameron Pirouet

Cameron Adam Snowden Pirouet (/ˈpɪrueɪ/, PI-roo-ay; born 27 November 1998) is a Jersey born British sport shooter. He has represented Jersey at both the Island Games–at which he holds four games records–and the Commonwealth Games; his best result is a fourth-place finish in the Men's Smallbore Rifle event in 2018.

## Biography
### Early life and career

Born and raised in Jersey, Pirouet was educated at Victoria College. He represented the school at the schools' championships at Bisley was a member of the British Cadet Rifle Team, more commonly known as the Athelings, for their tour to Canada in 2016. He went on to read Psychology at Cardiff Metropolitan University.
Pirouet first represented Great Britain in 2017, finishing third in the Junior Men's 50 m Rifle event at the European Shooting Championships held in Baku, Azerbaijan. He is part of British Shooting's high-performance programme.

### Senior career

In 2018, Pirouet was selected to represent Jersey at the Commonwealth Games held in Gold Coast, Australia. He finished fourth in the Men's 50 m Rifle 3 Positions event; although failed to qualify for the finals of the Men's 50 m Rifle Prone and 10 m Air Rifle events, placing sixteenth and thirteenth respectively.
In 2019, Pirouet represented Jersey at the 2019 Island Games held in Gibraltar. He competed in both Air Rifle and Smallbore events, winning five gold medals and breaking four games records. For his performances in 2019, Pirouet was nominated for the Channel Islands Sports Personality of the Year award, the first shooter to be shortlisted since the award's inception in 2002.

## Statistics
### International competitions

| Year | Competition | Venue | Position | Event | Notes |
| Representing Great Britain ||||||
| 2017 | European Shooting Championships | Baku, Azerbaijan | 3rd | Junior Men's 50 m Rifle Prone | 226.0 |
| Representing Jersey ||||||
| 2018 | Commonwealth Games | Queensland, Australia | 4th | Men's 50 m Rifle 3 Positions | 428.8 |
| 2018 | Commonwealth Games | Queensland, Australia | 16th | Men's 50 m Rifle Prone | 605.8 |
| 2018 | Commonwealth Games | Queensland, Australia | 13th | Men's 10 m Air Rifle | 608.9 |
| 2019 | Island Games | Gibraltar | 1st | Open 50 m Rifle 3-position | 443.1 GR |
| 2019 | Island Games | Gibraltar | 1st | Pairs 50 m Rifle 3-position | 2219 GR |
| 2019 | Island Games | Gibraltar | 1st | Men's 10 m Air Rifle | 247.9 GR |
| 2019 | Island Games | Gibraltar | 1st | Mixed 10 m Air Rifle | 483.4 |
| 2019 | Island Games | Gibraltar | 1st | Pairs 10 m Air Rifle | 1217.2 GR |

## Personal life

Pirouet is right-handed and shoots using his right eye. His father, Richard, is also a sport shooter; he was British pistol champion in 1991 and represented Jersey in the pistol events at the 1990 Commonwealth Games. In 2019, Pirouet was named as Jersey's Sports Person of the Year by the Jersey Sports Council, an honour previously bestowed upon his father Richard in 1991 following the latter's British pistol shooting triumph.
# Gaepi-tteok

Gaepi-tteok (Korean: 개피떡) or baram-tteok (바람떡) is a half-moon-shaped tteok (rice cake) made with glutinous rice flour and filled with white adzuki bean paste.

## Preparation

Glutinous rice flour is steamed in siru (steamer) and pounded in jeolgu (mortar) to form a dough. It is then cut into small pieces, rolled out flat and round, and filled with geopipat-so (white adzuki bean paste) and sealed. The filling can be made by husking adzuki beans (often the black variety), steaming and seasoning it with salt, and sieving it. Sesame oil is brushed on each tteok to prevent it from sticking.

## Varieties

Korean mugwort can be pounded together with steamed rice flour to make a green-colored dough. In Gangwon Province, steamed rice flour is pounded with deltoid synurus, also resulting in a green dough. To make a pink dough, the endodermis of Korean red pine is used.
Variants containing sweet mung bean paste instead of white adzuki bean paste are very common, particularly among the Korean communities in Los Angeles, California.
# Štavica, Prilep

Shtavica (Macedonian: Штавица) is a village located in the Municipality of Prilep. It is located 13 km south of the town of Prilep.

## Geography and location

The village of Štavica is located on the southeastern side of the Prilep valley, in the wider Pelagonia valley. Close to the village, the road from Prilep to Mariovo passes through the pass Sliva.
Štavica is located on a hill, and is at an altitude of 800 meters, between the villages of Čumovo in the north, Marul in the south and Malo Ruvci in the west.

## History

The "For the Mountain Cemetery" locality lies south of the village about 500 meters away. Surface stone slabs can be seen on the surface of the earth. There is also a cross. Until 1946, the villagers walked with the crosses on Pentecost. Residents say it is a Christian tomb left from an older neighborhood, which "when the plague struck."

## Demographics

According to the 2002 census, the village had a total of 84 inhabitants. Ethnic groups in the village include:
* Macedonians 84
A summary of the demographics (1900-2002):
| Year | 1900 | 1905 | 1948 | 1953 | 1961 | 1971 | 1981 | 1991 | 1994 | 2002 |
| Population | 322 | 360 | 444 | 493 | 494 | 413 | 264 | 127 | 107 | 84 |
# Cghene

Oghene, is the supreme god of the Urhobo and Isoko people in southern Nigeria. He is believed to have created the world and all peoples. Oghene is beyond human comprehension and is only known by his actions. Because the god is so distant and unknown, he has no temples or priests and no prayers or sacrifices are offered directly to him.
Oghene has a courier named Oyise, who is referred to as uko Oghene or "messenger of Oghene". Through Oyise, Oghene can be invoked in case of calamity or need. The Etsako speaking people of Northern Edo state, Nigeria also call God or the supreme entity Oghena, which is very similar to Oghene, this is not unrelated to the shared ancestry or cultural interrelatedness of various indigenous groups to the ancient Benin empire which was dominant in that current space of Southern Nigeria.
* This article about a deity is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
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# Joel M. Pritchard Building

The Joel M. Pritchard Building at the Washington State Capitol campus in Olympia was built in 1957–1958 to house the Washington State Library, which had outgrown its previous location in the basement of the Washington Supreme Court's Temple of Justice. The building's architect, Paul Thiry who also designed the Century 21 Exposition complex in Seattle, used Modern design incorporating the Wilkeson sandstone quarried a few tens of miles away and used in the state capitol and other buildings. It was the last monumental building added to the capitol campus and one of the few departures from the Olmsted Brothers' 1928 campus plan. It was described as "among the most important regional archetypes of mid-century architectural design and thought...a textbook on how Washingtonians looked at the future in the 1950s". It was named for Joel M. Pritchard, a U.S. Congressman from Washington and the state's Lieutenant Governor. Thiry won the American Institute of Architects/American Library Association Library Building Award for the design, the first such award to be presented. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2015.
After the 2001 Nisqually Earthquake, the damaged state capitol building was evacuated, and the library collection and staff were moved out; Pritchard building's main floor became the chamber of the Washington State Senate, and parts were used for other activities. As of the 2010s it was occupied by the Code Reviser and other administrative staff.

## Public art

Up to 2.5 percent of the building's construction cost was reserved for public art. The pieces placed at the library immediately after construction included Du Pen Fountain, a sundial by John W. Elliott, a mosaic by James FitzGerald, photographs by Bob and Ira Spring, and murals by Kenneth Callahan and Mark Tobey. It was Tobey's only work on public display in Olympia, while Tobey, a member of the Northwest School "big four", was considered the West Coast's most famous living painter. Washington sculptor and painter George Tsutakawa was in charge of placing the art. The Tobey was moved to Tacoma Art Museum in 2003, but returned to the Pritchard Building in 2008.

## Footnotes

* ↑ The Los Angeles Times 1958 review, cited in Iridescent Light: The Emergence of Northwest Art, p. 39, (chapter reprinted at Historylink) noting the library commission immediately followed.
# Brindle, Lancashire

Brindle is a small village and civil parish of the borough of Chorley, Lancashire, England. The population of the civil parish at the 2011 census was 978. It is in the centre of a triangle between Preston, Blackburn, and Chorley. The area has little industry. Brindle is one of the more affluent areas in Lancashire , with average earnings over 33% higher than the national average. Occupations include professionals, teachers, and an increasingly retired population as well as some remaining agricultural employment.
Brindle is home to the Anglican St James' Church and a number of trails and bridle paths. As a parish offering excellent links to nearby towns including business centres such as Preston, Bolton, Chorley and Manchester.
# Remains of the 13 Levels

The Remains of the 13 Levels (traditional Chinese: 十三層遺址; simplified Chinese: 十三层遗址; pinyin: Shísān Céng Yízhǐ) is a former smelter plant in Lianxin Village, Ruifang District, New Taipei City, Taiwan. It is also called the Potala Palace of Mountain Mines.

## History

Originally built in 1933 by Japanese during their occupation, the building used to be a copper and gold smelter plant called the Shuinandong Smelter that used to process refined ore from Jinguashi and Jiufen. After the handover of Taiwan from Japan to the Republic of China in 1945, the refinery was taken over by the state-run company. In 1973, the copper and gold minerals from the area had been exhausted and subsequently the activity and company were shut down.
During World War II between 1942 and 1945, the Japanese Empire sent approximately one thousand prisoners of war (POWs) to the gold mines surrounding the smelting plant. The POWs were from allied nations, including the United Kingdom, Canada, the Netherlands, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa and the United States. The Taiwan POW Memorial Park now stands in memory of the POWs that died in the harsh mining conditions.
The site and the surrounding mining infrastructure are listed as potential world heritage sites.

## Architecture

The building has three long exhaust pipes running up the hillside, which released toxic exhaust gasses when it was in operation. At a length of 2 km and a diameter of 2 meters, it is the world's longest pipe.

## Popular culture

The building has been featured in several music videos.
The building was illuminated for the 2019 Moon Festival as a collaboration between the current owner, Taiwan Power Company, and two artists Chou Lien (周鍊) and Joyce Ho (何采柔).
# Anictis

Anictis is an extinct species of carnivorous cat-like mammal belonging to the infraorder Aeluroidea, endemic to Europe (Quercy, France) living from the Oligocene 33.9—28.4 Ma, existing for approximately 5.4 million years.
Anictis is shown to have an omnivorous diet or more precisely, hypercarnivorous to mesocarnivorous.

## Taxonomy

Anictis was named by Kretzoi (1945). It was assigned to Aeluroidea by Hunt (1998); and to Viverridae by Flynn (1998). There is one known species, Anictis simplicidens.
# Chikosi Basden

Chikosi Basden (born 1 February 1995), sometimes known as Kosi Basden, is a Bermudian professional footballer who plays as a right-back for Redbridge and the Bermuda national football team

## Club career

Basden moved to England from Bermuda at the age of 15, an began playing football in the academy of Stoke City. He had brief spells in the lower divisions of England with Enfield Town and Chesterfield. After playing for Hertford Town and Cockfosters, Basden signed for Hatfield Town in November 2018. He played for London Colney during the 2019–20 season.

## International career

Basden made his senior debut with the Bermuda national football team in a 2–2 friendly tie with Cuba on 22 February 2019.
# Catherine Henriette de Bourbon

Catherine Henriette de Bourbon (also Catherine Henrietta de Vendôme, Duchesse d'Elbeuf) (11 November 1596 – 20 June 1663) was an illegitimate daughter of King Henry IV of France and his long-term maîtresse en titre Gabrielle d'Estrées. She was declared legitimate on 17 November 1596 at the Abbey of St. Ouen in Rouen and married into the Princely House of Guise. In 1619 she married Charles de Lorraine, Duc d'Elbeuf.

## Issue

* Charles III of Elbeuf (1620–4 May 1692)
* Henri (1622–3 April 1648) never married; Abbot of Hombieres
* François Louis, Count of Harcourt (1623–27 June 1694), married and had issue;
* François Marie, Prince of Lillebonne (4 April 1624 – 19 January 1694); married and had issue
* Catherine (1626–1645)
* Marie Marguerite (1629–7 August 1679) known as Mademoiselle d'Elboeuf; died unmarried and childless

## References and notes

* Biography portal
* ↑ Sully, Maximilien de Béthune duc de (1891). Memoirs of the Duke of Sully: Prime Minister to Henry the Great. G. Bell & Sons.
* 1 2 Memoirs of Mademoiselle de Montpensier (La Grande Mademoiselle). MHRA. ISBN 978-1-907322-01-3.
* ↑ Orr, Clarissa Campbell (12 August 2004). Queenship in Europe 1660-1815: The Role of the Consort. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-81422-5.
* ↑ Hartmann, Cyril Hughes (1928). The Magnificent Montmorency: The Life and Death of Henri Duc de Montmorency, 1595-1632. G. Routledge & Sons, Limited.

## Sources

* Gerber, Matthew (2012). Bastards: Politics, Family, and Law in Early Modern France. Oxford University Press.
* Pitts, Vincent J. (2009). Henri IV of France: His Reign and Age. The Johns Hopkins University Press.
* Spangler, Jonathan (2009). The Society of Princes; the Lorraine-Guise and the conservation of power and wealth in the Seventeenth Century. Ashgate.
# Antonio Bottis

Antonio Bottis, C.R.S. (17 January 1618 – 1679) was a Roman Catholic prelate who served as Bishop of Minori (1670–1679).

## Biography

Antonio Bottis was born in Genoa, Italy on 17 January 1618 and ordained a priest in the Ordo Clericorum Regularium a Somascha. On 17 November 1670, he was appointed during the papacy of Pope Clement X as Bishop of Minori. On 23 November 1670, he was consecrated bishop by Marcello Santacroce, Bishop of Tivoli, with Alessandro Crescenzi (cardinal), Bishop Emeritus of Bitonto, and Ulisse Orsini, Bishop of Ripatransone, serving as co-consecrators. He served as Bishop of Minori until his death in 1679.