OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Peter Hajek

Peter Hajek is a British psychologist. He is professor of clinical psychology and director of the Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine's Tobacco Dependence Research Unit at Queen Mary University of London. He is known for his research into smoking cessation, including the effectiveness of electronic cigarettes for this purpose.

## Education and academic career

Hajek received his PhD from Charles University in Prague in 1973. In 1982, he moved to England, where he joined the Institute of Psychiatry's Addiction Research Unit. He became a lecturer at Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry in 1992, and became a professor there in 1998.

## Scientific work

Hajek is the author of over 250 peer-reviewed papers, and has helped develop treatments for people who are dependent on cigarette smoking. He is known for his research into electronic cigarettes, which, he has said, are "at least as effective as nicotine patches" for smoking cessation in the context of minimum support. In 2014, Hajek and other researchers published a paper criticizing a World Health Organization report on electronic cigarettes published earlier that year, which they said had made "misleading" assumptions. Hajek has told the BBC that "...the risks [of electronic cigarettes] are unlikely, some already proven not to exist, while the benefits are potentially enormous." Also in 2014, Hajek co-authored a Cochrane review of the effectiveness of electronic cigarettes for smoking cessation; the review found limited evidence that they were effective for this purpose. Hajek described the results of this review as "encouraging". In February 2019 he published "A Randomized Trial of E-Cigarettes versus Nicotine-Replacement Therapy" in the New England Journal of Medicine. This study demonstrated that smokers who used e-cigarettes to help them quit were 83% more likely to have quit smoking at one year than those who used conventional nicotine replacement therapy. However, according to a review article by Hussein Traboulsi et al. in May 2020 Hajek's study also resulted in more smokers becoming dual users than succeeded in complete abstinence; "Nonetheless, the continued use of and dependence on nicotine and the creation of dual users were issues in this trial. Among participants with 1-year abstinence, 80% were still using e-cigarettes in the e-cigarette group and 9% were still using nicotine replacement in the nicotine replacement group 52 weeks later. Additionally, while 18% of the e-cigarette users achieved complete abstinence, 25% (110/438) became dual users of e-cigarettes and conventional cigarettes."
# A. Pappa Sundaram

A. Pappa Sundaram (1931/1932 – 18 April 2021) was an Indian politician.
He served as a member of the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly from Kulithalai. Previously, he was elected as an Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (Jayalalitha) candidate in 1989 election, and as an Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam candidate in the 1991, 2001 and 2011 elections.
Sundaram died from lung congestion and COVID-19 at age 89 on 18 April 2021 during the COVID-19 pandemic in India.
# Chompa Toung

Chompa Toung (Khmer: ចំប៉ាថោង, Golden champak), also known in English as Crocodile Man 2, is a 1969 fantasy Cambodian horror film. It is the sequel to the 1967 film Crocodile Man. It is loosely based on one of the Royal Poems written by Khmer King Ang Duong (1796–1860).

## Plot

Chompa Tong, a daughter of a king received two pets which one was a kitten and another was a crocodile's egg but she dropped the egg into the water where it grew into a powerful crocodile who could turn into a man and killed many women for food and fun. One day, Chompa Tong, was kidnapped and a young prince called Jak Jan, swam into the water to save her. Can Jak Jan save the princess from the terrible crocodile?

## Cast

* Dy Saveth
* Kong Som Eun
* Seng Bothum

## Soundtrack

| Song | Singer(s) | Notes |
| Knhom Chmuos Chey Chet | Sinn Sisamouth and Ros Serey Sothea | |
Prasna Boun Kar
# Wang Shizhen (physician)

Wang Shizhen (Chinese: 王世真; pinyin: Wáng Shìzhēn; 7 March 1916 – 27 May 2016) was a Chinese nuclear medicine physician and academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS). He was known as the father of Chinese nuclear medicine.

## Biography

Wang Shizhen was born in Chiba, Japan in 1916 to father Wang Xiaoxiang (Chinese: 王孝缃) and mother Lin Jianyan (Chinese: 林剑言), great-granddaughter of Chinese scholar and official Lin Zexu. His grandfather Wang Renkan (Chinese: 王仁堪) was the Zhuangyuan of the 3rd year of Guangxu (1877) imperial examination and his great-great-grandfather Wang Qingyun (Chinese: 王庆云) was the Viceroy of Liangguang in 1859. He returned to his hometown Fuzhou after his father finished his study in Japan.
Wang entered Yenching University at the age of 17 and transferred to Tsinghua University one year later. He received his bachelor's degree of chemistry in 1937. He became a lecturer at Guiyang Medical University after the Second Sino-Japanese War broke. He became the first Chinese to synthesize DDT during the war. Wang moved to Canada and entered University of Toronto for pharmacology in 1946. He transferred to University of Iowa half year later, majoring in chemistry. He worked for Institute of radioactivity of University of Iowa after his graduation.
Wang returned to China in 1951 and was assigned work at Peking Union Medical College. He built China's first isotope laboratory and developed the application techniques and methods of isotope treatment in China in 1956. He then became a nuclear medicine physician at Peking Union Medical College Hospital. Wang was elected as academician of Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1980.
Wang died on 27 May 2016 at the age of 100 in Beijing.
# Jeong Jin-hyeok

Jeong Jin-hyeok (born June 1, 1991, Chungcheongnam) is a South Korean long-distance runner. At the 2012 Summer Olympics, he competed in the Men's marathon, finishing in 82nd place.
He won a surprise silver medal at the 2011 Seoul International Marathon.
# Saghar, Chakwal

Saghar is a village and union council, an administrative subdivision, of Talagang District in the Punjab Province of Pakistan, it is part of Talagang District.
# Invershin railway station

Invershin railway station is a railway station in the Highland council area of Scotland. The station is on the Far North Line, 61 miles 34 chains (98.9 km) from Inverness, between Culrain and Lairg. ScotRail, who manage the station, operate all services.

## History

The station opened on 13 April 1868, as part of the Sutherland Railway, later becoming part of the Highland Railway and later the London, Midland and Scottish Railway.

## Location

It is extremely close to the previous station on the line, at Culrain, situated at the opposite side of Shin Viaduct (or 'Oykel Viaduct'), a major structure on the Far North line which crosses the Kyle of Sutherland at its narrowest point.

## Facilities

Invershin only has very basic facilities, being a waiting shelter, a help point and bike racks. As there are no facilities to purchase tickets, passengers must buy one in advance, or from the guard on the train.
On 20 December 2022, Transport Scotland introduced a new "Press & Ride" system at Invershin, following successful trials of the system at Scotscalder over the previous four months. Previously, passengers wishing to board a train at Invershin had to flag the train by raising their arm (as is still done at other request stops around the country); this meant that the driver needed to reduce the train's speed before a request stop (to look out for any potential passengers on the platform and be able to stop if necessary), even if the platform was empty. The new system consists of an automatic kiosk (with a button for passengers to press) at the platform; this will alert the driver about any waiting passengers in advance and, if there is no requirement to stop, the train can maintain line speed through the request stops, thus improving reliability on the whole line.

## Passenger volume

Passenger Volume at Invershin :
| | 2002–03 | 2004–05 | 2005–06 | 2006–07 | 2007–08 | 2008–09 | 2009–10 | 2010–11 | 2011–12 | 2012–13 | 2013–14 | 2014–15 | 2015–16 | 2016–17 | 2017–18 | 2018–19 | 2019–20 | 2020–21 | 2021–22 | 2022–23 |
| Entries and exits | 287 | 229 | 408 | 199 | 310 | 220 | 282 | 512 | 386 | 690 | 790 | 486 | 706 | 826 | 438 | 284 | 216 | 50 | 210 | 232 |
The statistics cover twelve month periods that start in April.

## Services

In the December 2021 timetable, four trains call at Invershin each way (four to Inverness, four to Wick via Thurso) on weekdays and Saturdays. On Sundays, there is just one train each way.
This station is designated as a request stop. This means that passengers intending to alight must inform the guard in advance, and any passengers wishing to board must press a "request" button located at the kiosk on the platform.
| Preceding station | National Rail | National Rail | National Rail | Following station |
| Culrain | | ScotRail Far North Line | | Lairg |
# Lancelot Richardson

Captain Lancelot Lytton Richardson (18 October 1895 – 13 April 1917) was an Australian flying ace during World War I. He was credited with seven confirmed aerial victories before his death in action on 13 April 1917.

## Early life and service

Lancelot Lytton Richardson was born on 18 October 1895, to Elizabeth Greedy Parkman and George Richardson. He may have been born in Young, New South Wales, or in Bereen Barraba.
Richardson attended North Shore Church of England Grammar School, where he was active in sports. He was captain of both the football and boxing teams, as well as the stroke oar at crew.
When Lancelot Lytton Richardson enlisted in the 6th Light Horse Regiment on 24 September 1914, he completed an Attestation Paper that started his military records. On his attestation, he listed his birthplace as Young, New South Wales, Australia, his age as 19, his occupation as "grazier", and his mother, Elizebeth Greedy Richardson, as his next of kin. His mother was not widowed, though there was no mention of Richardson's father. Despite his youth, Lancelot Richardson had been involved in some minor legal trouble in Barraba, New South Wales. Nevertheless, he was accepted for service.

## Flying service

Serjeant Richardson was commissioned a Temporary Second Lieutenant in the Royal Flying Corps on 28 December 1915. Appointment as a Flying Officer followed, on 16 May 1916. He was assigned to No. 25 Squadron RFC on 3 June to fly a Royal Aircraft Factory FE.2b pusher. Two weeks later, he and his observer teamed with two other FE.2 crews to drive a Fokker Eindekker down out of control for Richardson's first victory. Nine days later, on 26 June, Richardson had Leslie Court aboard as observer/gunner when they forced another Eindekker to land. On 2 July, Richardson forced an Albatros two-seater reconnaissance plane to land. Then, on 20 July, with Court manning the guns, Richardson teamed with another British aircrew to destroy one Eindekker and drive another down out of control; he was now an ace, but was wounded in the process.
Richardson was promoted to Temporary Captain on 1 January 1917, and returned to combat duty in early 1917 as a flight leader in the same squadron. With William Meggitt manning the guns, Richardson drove a German two-seater out of control on 15 February 1917. On 17 March 1917, he capped his career as an ace by sharing in the destruction of an Albatros D.II. On 11 May 1917, he was awarded the Military Cross. On 13 April 1917, Richardson fell to his death under the guns of Hans Klein of Jasta 4.

## Endnotes

* 1 2 3 4 "Lancelot Richardson". The Aerodrome. Retrieved 5 August 2010.
* 1 2 Shores, et al, p. 320.
* ↑ Supplement to the London Gazette, 28 January 1916, Retrieved on 5 August 2010.
* ↑ Supplement to the London Gazette, 7 June 1916, Retrieved on 5 August 2010.
* 1 2 Guttman, Dempsey, p. 71.
* ↑ Supplement to the London Gazette, 6 February 1917, Retrieved on 5 August 2010.
* ↑ Supplement to the London Gazette, 11 May 1917, Retrieved on 5 August 2010.
# Charles S. Sanford Jr.

Charles Steadman "Charlie" Sanford (died September 4, 2018) was an American businessman who served as chairman of the board and chief executive officer of Bankers Trust.
After graduating from the University of Georgia in 1958, where he was a member of the Gridiron Secret Society, Sanford served as a United States Army lieutenant. Sanford then returned to school and obtained an MBA from the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania in 1960.
Sanford's career at Bankers Trust began in 1961 as a commercial banking officer, and he was promoted through the ranks culminating in the positions of chairman and chief executive officer in 1987. Sanford retired from the company in 1996.
Sanford is credited with implementing the first value at risk (VaR) model. Prior to Sanford's quantitative measurement, credit and market risk was defined through ad hoc measures.
Sanford died September 4, 2018, at Oak Hammock at the University of Florida in Gainesville, Florida.
# Massey Medal

The Royal Canadian Geographical Society (RCGS) awards the Massey Medal annually to recognize outstanding personal achievement in the exploration, development or description of the geography of Canada. The award was established in 1959, by the Massey Foundation, named for industrialist Hart Massey.

## Recipients

* 2021 - Yvan Bédard and Barbara Sherwood Lollar
* 2020 - John Smol
* 2019 - Derek Clifford Ford
* 2018 - Arthur J. Ray
* 2017 - David Morrison
* 2016 - Steve Blasco
* 2015 - Brian Osborne
* 2014 - Derald Smith
* 2013 - David Ley
* 2012 - Graeme Wynn
* 2011 - David Livingstone
* 2010 - Raymond A. Price
* 2009 - Michael Church
* 2008 - Bruce Mitchell
* 2007 - Eddy Carmack
* 2006 - Serge Courville
* 2005 - Tim Oke
* 2004 - Larry Bourne
* 2003 - Richard Colebrook Harris
* 2002 - John Oliver Wheeler
* 2001 - Lawrence McCann
* 2000 - Robert McGhee
* 1999 - Alexander T. Davidson
* 1998 - William C. Wonders
* 1997 - James Archibald Houston
* 1996 - James P. Bruce
* 1995 - Pierre Camu
* 1994 - Henri Dorion
* 1993 - J. Gordon Nelson
* 1992 - Stewart Dixon MacDonald
* 1991 - George D. Hobson
* 1990 - Byron Boville
* 1989 - John D. Mollard
* 1988 - John Warkentin
* 1987 - Charles Richard Harington
* 1986 - David McCurdy Baird
* 1985 - Morley K. Thomas
* 1984 - Captain Thomas Charles Pullen
* 1983 - Willis F. Roberts
* 1982 - Trevor Lloyd
* 1981 - Raymond Thorsteinsson
* 1980 - Maurice Hall Haycock
* 1979 - Ernest Frederick Roots
* 1978 - Edward Gustav Pleva
* 1977 - Thomas Henry Manning
* 1976 - Louis-Edmond Hamelin
* 1975 - William M. Gilchrist
* 1974 - Frederick Kenneth Hare
* 1973 - Pierre Dansereau
* 1972 - Isobel Moira Dunbar
* 1971 - John Lewis Robinson
* 1970 - Murray Edmund Watts
* 1969 - Donald Fulton Putnam
* 1968 - Colonel Cyril Horace Smith
* 1967 - J. Ross Mackay
* 1966 - Alf Erling Porsild
* 1965 - Hugh Samuel Bostock
* 1964 - Yves Oscar Fortier
* 1963 - Graham Westbrook Rowley
* 1962 - Diamond Jenness
* 1961 - Owen Connor Struan Robertson
* 1960 - Keith Rogers Greenaway
* 1959 - Henry Asbjorn Larsen
# Morfa Mawddach railway station

Morfa Mawddach railway station (formerly Barmouth Junction) is an unstaffed station located on the outskirts of the village of Arthog in Gwynedd, Wales, on the Cambrian Coast line between Machynlleth and Pwllheli. Built by the Aberystwith and Welsh Coast Railway in 1865, it was formerly the junction station for the Ruabon to Barmouth Line. Since the closure of the Ruabon to Barmouth line in 1965, it remains open, as a minor station on the Cambrian Line.

## History

The station was built by the Aberystwith [sic] and Welsh Coast Railway and opened on 3 July 1865 as Barmouth Junction. From 1899 to 1903 there was a connection with the Barmouth Junction and Arthog Tramway.
The station was host to a GWR camp coach from 1934 to 1939. A camping coach was also positioned here by the Western Region from 1956 to 1962. In 1963 the administration of camping coaches at the station was taken over by the London Midland, there were three coaches here in 1963 and 1964 and two from 1965 to 1968.
Until the 1960s there was a summer service between London Paddington and Pwllheli, via Birmingham Snow Hill, Shrewsbury and Machynlleth.
On 13 June 1960 it was renamed Morfa Mawddach.

## Background

North of Morfa Mawddach the railway crosses the Afon Mawddach on the Barmouth Bridge.
Morfa Mawddach is mainly used by passengers travelling to Barmouth from south of the Mawddach Estuary: parking at the station and taking the train to Barmouth is often much quicker than the 20-mile road journey via Dolgellau. Originally a four-platform station, it is now a single platform unstaffed halt. Trains stop on request.
Morfa Mawddach is often quoted as an example of a notable feature of the Great Western Railway in Wales, namely its inheritance of junctions in unlikely and inconvenient locations. Other examples are Moat Lane Junction, Talyllyn Junction, Afon Wen and Dovey Junction.
The trackbed to Dolgellau now forms the Mawddach Trail (Welsh: Llwybr Mawddach), which officially starts at the station car park.

## Facilities

The station has very few facilities. There is a payphone on the platform, but there are no toilets or help points available. There is a small waiting shelter and a car park with 20 spaces.

## Services

| Preceding station | National Rail | National Rail | National Rail | Following station |
| Barmouth | | Transport for Wales Cambrian Coast Line | | Fairbourne |
| | Historical railways | Historical railways | Historical railways | |
| Barmouth Line and station open | | Cambrian Railways Aberystwith and Welsh Coast Railway | | Arthog Line and station closed |
| Barmouth Line and station open | | Cambrian Railways Aberystwith and Welsh Coast Railway | | Fairbourne Line and station open |
# Kim Ji-heun

Kim Ji-heun (also Kim Ji-hyeon, Korean: 김지현; born September 10, 1989) is a South Korean swimmer, who specialized in backstroke events. He represented his nation South Korea at the 2008 Summer Olympics, and also claimed a silver medal as a member of the 4×100 m medley relay team at the 2010 Asian Games in Guangzhou, China.
Kim competed for the South Korean swimming team in the men's 200 m backstroke at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing. Leading up to the Games, he topped the field with a solid 2:02.13 to register under the FINA B-cut (2:03.90) at the Jeju Halla National Cup in Jeju City. Pulling from the near bottom of the pack at the 150-metre turn in heat three, Kim put up a late resistant surge on the final stretch to hit the wall with a fifth-place time and his new personal best in 2:00.72. Kim failed to advance to the semifinals, as he placed twenty-sixth out of 42 swimmers in the preliminary heats.
On May 13, 2014, Kim received a two-year suspension from the Korean Swimming Federation and Korea Anti-Doping Disciplinary Panel, after he was tested positive for the clenbuterol.
# Achanalt railway station

Achanalt railway station is a geographically remote railway station on the Kyle of Lochalsh Line, serving the village of Achanalt in the north of Scotland. The station is 21 miles 34 chains (34.5 km) from Dingwall, between Lochluichart and Achnasheen. ScotRail, who manage the station, operate all services.

## History

The station was opened by the Dingwall and Skye Railway on 19 August 1870, but operated from the outset by the Highland Railway. It may have originally been known as Achanault, prior to 1877.

## Facilities

Facilities here, as with many other stations down the line, are minimal, comprising just a shelter, some bike racks and a small car park. The station is step-free to the car park. As there are no facilities to purchase tickets, passengers must buy one in advance, or from the guard on the train.

## Passenger volume

The main origin or destination station for journeys to or from Achanalt in the 2022–23 period was Dingwall, making up 204 of the 282 journeys (72.3%).
Passenger Volume at Achanalt :
| | 2002–03 | 2004–05 | 2005–06 | 2006–07 | 2007–08 | 2008–09 | 2009–10 | 2010–11 | 2011–12 | 2012–13 | 2013–14 | 2014–15 | 2015–16 | 2016–17 | 2017–18 | 2018–19 | 2019–20 | 2020–21 | 2021–22 | 2022–23 |
| Entries and exits | 186 | 192 | 198 | 173 | 208 | 230 | 202 | 200 | 162 | 164 | 228 | 482 | 312 | 424 | 434 | 394 | 326 | 26 | 342 | 282 |
The statistics cover twelve month periods that start in April.

## Services

Four trains each way call (on request) on weekdays/Saturdays, and one each way all year on Sundays, plus a second from May to late September only.
| Preceding station | National Rail | National Rail | National Rail | Following station |
| Lochluichart | | ScotRail Kyle of Lochalsh Line | | Achnasheen |
| | Historical railways | Historical railways | Historical railways | |
| Lochluichart (Old) Line open; Station closed | | Highland Railway Dingwall and Skye Railway | | Achnasheen Line and Station open |
# Lepaging the field

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#REDIRECT 2008 Aaron's 312
# Peter Brambleby

Peter Brambleby is an English Public Health doctor. From 1996 he was director of public health for Norwich Primary Care Trust. In 2003 he received requests from senior clinicians at the Norfolk and Norwich Hospital to look into their concerns about changes to the design and build of the new Private Finance Initiative hospital that they believed put patients at risk. He was later warned by the press officer at the strategic health authority that unless he dropped the whole matter he would end up “like Dr. David Kelly who was found dead in the woods with his wrist slashed.”
He was the Director of Public Health in Croydon from March 2010 to 29 February 2012 he announced his retirement in September 2011. On hearing of the results of the Ernst and Young review in July 2012 of the PCTs finances he wrote a letter to Andrew Lansley. He complained that patients in Croydon known to be at high risk of stroke or heart disease were no longer invited to screenings, however, the annual report for Croydon PCT 2011/12 provided clear evidence that this screening programme exceeded the targets previously agreed by the PCT board (CPCT Board Paper March 2011) as per the original plan submitted by Peter Brambleby.
Brambleby was, and is, an enthusiastic supporter of clinical commissioning with a particular interest in a health economics approach called “programme budgeting”. This is a way of relating costs to outcomes grouped by health programmes such as heart health, bone health, mental health and so on, rather than the traditional breakdown by hospitals, GPs and community services.
# John A. Robertson

John A. Robertson (June 15, 1943 – July 5, 2017) held the Vinson and Elkins Chair at The University of Texas School of Law. He wrote and lectured widely on law and bioethical issues.
Robertson was the author of two books on bioethics, The Rights of the Critically Ill, published in 1983, and Children of Choice: Freedom and the New Reproductive Technologies, published in 1994, and numerous articles on reproductive rights, genetics, organ transplantation, and human experimentation.
He served on, or had been a consultant to, many national bioethics advisory bodies, and was Chair of the Ethics Committee of the American Society for Reproductive Medicine. Robertson was a fellow of the Hastings Center, an independent bioethics research institution.