OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Women's croquet in Australia

Croquet has historically been a sport in Australia where men and women were able to compete on a level playing field.
While not being urged to avoid competition, women had few opportunities to compete in sport in Australia until the 1880s. After that date, new sporting facilities were built around the country and many new sports clubs were created. The sport of croquet was played by Australian women as early as 1881 in Queensland. The sport was viewed as acceptable because it was not seen as an overly competitive one. Tournaments were held for female enthusiasts of the sport. These tournaments were events at which to socialise, where refreshments and cakes were sold. One of the reasons women were encouraged to play croquet, tennis and golf during the late 19th century was because it was seen as beneficial to their health. These sports were also seen as passive, non-aggressive, and non-threatening to the period's concepts of masculinity and femininity.
Croquet became part of the women's physical education curriculum during the 1880s. The largest area to adopt this sport in the curriculum was in Victoria at schools like MLC Kew, which borrowed heavily from a British sporting tradition. At some schools, there were purpose built croquet courts.
In Australia and Queensland's early colonial history, tennis and croquet were acceptable sports for society women to participate in. During that period, women wore big hats and dresses that covered their arms and legs. The sport became a popular one for women around 1890. There were organised competitions for women at All Hallows Convent in Queensland during the 1920s.
By the 1910s, there were many women playing that sport manufacturers began to see the power of creating advertising targeting them. Ads for women's golf, tennis and croquet appeared in such publications as the Bulletin and the Brisbane Girls' Grammar Magazine.
In 1940, a study of 314 women in New Zealand and Australia was done. Most of the women in the study were middle class, conservative, Protestant and white. The study found that 183 participated in sport. The sixth most popular sport that these women participated in was croquet, with 9 having played the sport.
Australian women's sports had an advantage over many other women's sport organisations around the world in the period after World War II. Women's sport organisations had largely remained intact and were holding competitions during the war period. This structure survived in the post war period. Women's sport were not hurt because of food rationing, petrol rationing, population disbursement, and other issues facing post-war Europe. This gave Australian women a competitive advantage during the post war era.
# Low Yok Lin

Low Yok Lin (1894–1976) was a Malaysian businessman and philanthropist.
Yok Lin had an entry in the "Biographies of Prominent Personalities in Nanyang", a document cited by academic circles as an important resource for historical researchers interested in Chinese figures in Nanyang . (Chinese: 南洋名人集传). It consists of a distinguished compilation of Chinese figures in Southeast Asia.

## Early life

Low Yok Lin (also romanized Low Yoke Lin or Lau Yok Lin) (Chinese: 劉毓麟) came to Malaya from China in the early 1900s. He immigrated to Malaya, where he established his life and career.

## Forming Malayan Broadcasting Service

Low established the Malayan Broadcasting Service ("MBS") in 1927, a national media organization. Yok Lin was listed as MBS' founding director in the prospectus of the initial public offering (IPO). The name, Malayan Broadcasting Service was also used synonymously as Radio-Malaya Singapore in 1946.

## Other business ventures

Like other early immigrants to Malaya (the former name for Malaysia), Yok Lin came with nothing. He built his enterprise in diverse industries, such as rubber cultivation. He served as the president of the Taiping Chinese Rubber Association, during a period when Malaysia became the world's foremost rubber producer from 1930 onwards. Taiping, situated in Perak, was one of the main producers during this global rubber production surge.
He diversified into other businesses, including tin mining, hardware supply, brick production, and plantation management. He frequently engaged with the press to discuss economic conditions and trends.

## Philanthropy

Low Yok Lin was involved in various philanthropic endeavors. His philanthropic efforts included:

### Leadership in cultural and community organizations

Yok Lin was the founder of the '励德社' (Lì Dé Shè) Society, which translates to 'Society of Encouraging Virtue' or 'Society for Promoting Moral Integrity.' It is often used to refer to organizations or groups that aim to promote and encourage virtuous behavior and moral values in society, and this term is associated with traditional Chinese ethical and Confucian principles.
He also held an active role within the Hokkien Hoay Kuan (Hokkien Association Taiping) and was also the chairman of the Fujien Association. The members of these organization often tendered to the needs of the early settlers by providing them with essential necessities such as food and lodging until they achieved self-reliance. The Hokkien Hoay Kuan is the second oldest club in Perak and the fifth oldest in Malaysia, with its headquarters situated at No. 290, Jalan Kota, Taiping, Perak.
The Hokkien Hoay Kuan associations primarily catered to the needs and interests of members belonging to the dialect group, who assumed responsibility for the well-being and affairs of their fellow clanspeople who had immigrated from China.

### Involvement in charitable causes

Yok Lin's contributions to various charitable causes included school building funds, art promotions;, efforts to provide relief from various diseases; and other similar causes.
# Kyle Mosher

Kyle Mosher (born 1985), also known as I'm not a crook, is a Canadian-born Charlotte, North Carolina–based artist and designer known for his collage and cut-paper style.

## Artwork

Mosher's artwork combines lyrical epigrams from famous musicians most often in the hip-hop genre. His recognizable collage and cut-paper style combines found imagery through both digital and traditional techniques such as painting and printmaking. It contains graphic images which are worn, used, or made to feel vintage in nature. Subjects are often, but not limited to: birds, flowers, vintage cars, small children, the elderly, fire hydrants, fans, pillow cases, and various other images that seem to be visual conundrums.
Mosher's work borrows heavily from Modern artists like Cézanne, Picasso, Braque, and Rauschenberg, and shares similarities with contemporary Brazilian artist Eduardo Recife (aka Misprinted Type). His work captures the world around him as interpreted through a combination of traditional simple forms, loose illustrative styles, and the use of modern graphic imagery.

## Early years

Before becoming an artist, Mosher was a competitive athlete who played hockey while attending Nashua High School in Nashua, New Hampshire. Plagued by injuries prior to leaving for college, Mosher decided to pursue art instead and enrolled at the New Hampshire Institute of Art (NHIA) in the illustration program. At NHIA, Mosher earned his Bachelor of Fine Arts (B.F.A.) in Illustration where he studied with Lynn Pauley. It was also at NHIA where Mosher first became inspired by Cézanne's observations of simple forms, Picasso's synthetic cubism, and Rauschenberg's mixed media collages.
While at NHIA, Mosher also had the opportunity to study in Florence, Italy, in 2007, at which point he started to combine cut-paper techniques into his illustrations. In 2008 his illustration "Audubon 2" was selected as one of 96 winning student works from around the country featured in an exhibit at the Society of Illustrators Gallery in New York City.

## Career

Mosher's work is strongly influenced by his connection to music, especially hip-hop, and he frequently combines lyrics from hip-hop artists with visual images in his trademark mixed-media style. Lyrics chosen are usually intended to motivate, inspire, or make a statement.
Mosher's commercial work is visually more literal. For example, a recent series entitled "The Portrait Series" features portraits of musicians created using his signature cut-paper and collage style.
Mosher's artwork has been featured in numerous online and print publications and for major clients including Forbes, Karmaloop, Highsnobiety, Mountain Dew's Green Label, Complex, Radeberger, Bud Light, Proteus Mag, the Phase Collective, bit FUUL mag, peculiar bliss, notofu, notpaper and get a candy. He has also been profiled on Juice Online, Perfectionist Wannabe, the Fearless Entrepreneur, and the Charlotte-based National Public Radio (NPR) station WFAE.
Kyle Mosher currently resides in Charlotte, North Carolina.
# Tya

Tya or TYA may refer to:

## Languages

* Tauya language, a language in Papua New Guinea

## Places

* Tin Yat stop, a Light Rail stop in Hong Kong
* Tya, Sogn og Fjordane, a river in Sogn og Fjordane county, Norway
* Tya, Trøndelag, a river in Trøndelag county, Norway

## Other

* Tya (unit), a measure of time meaning "thousands of years ago"
* Theatre for Young Audiences, a branch of theatre arts attended by or created for younger audiences
* NordStar, ICAO code
# Gastón de la Cerda, 3rd Duke of Medinaceli

Gastón de la Cerda, 3rd Duke of Medinaceli, Grandee of Spain, (in full, Spanish: Don Gastón de la Cerda y Portugal, tercer duque de Medinaceli, segundo marqués de Cogolludo, segundo conde del Puerto de Santa María, Grande de España, señor de las villas de Deza, Enciso, Imón y Barahona, antes monje de la Orden de San Jerónimo, después caballero y comendador de la Orden de San Juan de Jerusalén, con honores de Gran Prior en la misma), (c. 1507 – 1552) was a Spanish nobleman.
He was the second son of Don Juan de la Cerda, 2nd Duke of Medinaceli, by first wife Mencía Manuel de Portugal. As a young man he became a monk in the Order of St. Jerome. In 1536 after the death of his elder brother Luis without issue he became the heir to the family titles, so he sought a Papal dispensation in order to marry and fulfill his family obligations. On 4 March 1540 he married María Sarmiento de la Cerda, a marriage that was eventually annulled on 30 August 1544, without issue.

## Sources

* Hobbs, Nicolas (2007). "Grandes de España" (in Spanish). Retrieved 15 October 2008.
* Instituto de Salazar y Castro. Elenco de Grandezas y Titulos Nobiliarios Españoles (in Spanish). periodic publication.
Spanish nobility :
| Preceded byJuan de la Cerda | Duke of Medinaceli 1544–1552 | Succeeded byJuan de la Cerda |
| Preceded byLuis de la Cerda | Marquis of Cogolludo 1536–1552 | Succeeded byJuan de la Cerda |
* This biography of a Spanish noble is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Angelo Munzone

Angelo Munzone (12 August 1933 – 6 October 2017) was an Italian politician who served as Mayor of Catania between 1982 and 1984, being member of the Christian Democracy.

## Biography

Munzone born in Catania on 12 August 1933, where he died on 3 October 2017 at the age of 84. He was the mayor of Catania between 1982 and 10 February 1984. He was a leading exponent of the Christian Democracy in the Etna region.
He was director of the Provincial Tourism Company of Catania. He devoted much of his life to the passion for classical and lyric music initially as vice-president of the board of directors of the Teatro Massimo Bellini in Catania, later as Superintendent in 2006.
He was president of the Vincenzo Bellini musical institute in Catania.
# Dawns Are Kissing

Dawns Are Kissing (Russian: Целуются зори) is a 1978 Soviet comedy film directed by Sergey Nikonenko.

## Plot

The film tells about the collective farmer and tractor driver who go to the city and end up in various ridiculous situations.

## Cast

* Boris Saburov
* Ivan Ryzhov
* Andrey Smolyakov
* Mariya Skvortsova
* Yelena Rubtsova
* Ekaterina Voronina
* Anatoliy Pereverzev
* Mikhail Kokshenov
* Boris Levinson
* Sergey Nikonenko
# Aspis

An aspis (Ancient Greek: ἀσπίς; pl.: aspides, ἀσπίδες) or porpax shield was the heavy wooden shield used by the infantry in various periods of ancient Greece.

## Construction

An aspis was deeply dished and made primarily of wood. Some had a thin sheet of bronze on the outer face, often just around the rim. The convention was to decorate the shield.
The aspis measured at least 0.9 metres (2 ft 11 in) in diameter and weighed about 7.3 kilograms (16 lb), and it was about 25–38 millimetres (0.98–1.50 in) thick. This large shield was made possible partly by its shape, which allowed it to be supported comfortably on the shoulder. The revolutionary part of the shield was, in fact, the grip. Known as an argive grip, it placed the handle at the edge of the shield and was supported by a leather or bronze fastening for the forearm at the center, known as the porpax. This allowed hoplites more mobility with the shield, as well as the ability to capitalize on their offensive capabilities and better support the phalanx. The shield rested on a man's shoulders, stretching down to the knees. It was theorized they were designed for a mass of hoplites to push forward into the opposing army, a move called othismos, and it was their most essential equipment, though this is now an outdated theory. The shield had a convex face, like that of a shallow bowl.
Such shields did not tend to survive the passage of time very well, and only one aspis has survived into modernity with sufficient preservation to allow us to determine the details of its construction: this shield is called the "Bomarzo" or "Vatican" shield, and it is currently located in the Vatican, within the Museo Gregoriano Etrusco. It was discovered in 1830 near Bomarzo in Lazio, central Italy.
# Alex Walker (rugby league)

Alex Walker (born 4 September 1995) is a Scotland international rugby league footballer who plays as a fullback for the London Broncos in the Super League.
He has previously played for the London Broncos in the Championship and the Super League, and spent time on loan from the Broncos at the London Skolars and the Hemel Stags in League 1.

## Background

Walker was born in Harlow, Essex, England.
Walker is a product of the London Broncos academy system and made his first team debut on 13 September 2014. Before joining London Broncos Academy, Walker played for Brentwood Eels RLFC as a youth player.

## Playing career
### London Broncos

Walker made his début for the London Broncos in the Super League against the Bradford Bulls in 2014.
Walker played a pivotal role in the Broncos' successful 2018 season, the culmination of which was their 4-2 win over the Toronto Wolfpack in the Million Pound Game to earn promotion to Super League in 2019.

### Featherstone Rovers (loan)

On 3 August 2021 it was reported that he had signed for Featherstone Rovers in the RFL Championship on loan until the end of the 2021 season. He scored a try on his debut against the Batley Bulldogs on 8 Aug 2021.

### Halifax Panthers

On 12 November 2021 it was reported that he had signed for the Halifax Panthers in the RFL Championship.

### London Broncos re-sign

In February 2022, Walker returned to London Broncos on a deal until the end of the season. On 15 October 2023, Walker played in the London Broncos upset Championship Grand Final victory over Toulouse Olympique.

### Representative

Walker made his international début for Scotland in 2015.
# Afghanistan men's national volleyball team

The Afghanistan men's national volleyball team represents Afghanistan in international volleyball competitions and friendly matches.

## Competitive record
### Asian Championship

* 2011 — 15th place
* 2013 — 20th place
* 2023 — 14th place

### Asian Games

* 2022 — Q

## Squad

Afghanistan national volleyball team 2022 The squad is made up of 14 players and 3 coaches and manager.
* Head coach: Mohammad Asadollahi Saraghein
* Assistant: Mohammad Sabir Noori
* Assistant: Nesar Ahmad Hanafi
* Team manager: Mohammad Nasir Noori
* Naseer Kohistani
* Gulam Rasool Haidari
* Ozair Mohammad Asefi
* Sayed Habib Yousufi
* Abdul Malik Mamoozai
* Lutfullah Azizi
* Shafiqullah Chaparhari
* Mohammad Sabawoon Wardak
* Mohammad Imran Niazai
* Besmallah Sultani
* Adil Shah Zakeeri
* Abdulmutaleb Mohammadi
* Abadullah Pacha
* Sabawoon Ghorzang

## Medals

Afghanistan has only one bronze medal in its history of volleyball, which it won from the Asians Men's Central Zone
2015 DHAKA, BANGLADESH
Afghanistan and Pakistan have faced each other in total of 19 volleyball matches. Afghanistan have won 12 whereas Pakistan have won 7.
Afghanistan and India have faced each other in total of 13 volleyball matches. Afghanistan have won 8 whereas India have won 5.
Afghanistan and Nepal have faced each other in total of 7 volleyball matches. Afghanistan have won 5 whereas Nepal have won 2.
Afghanistan and Bhutan have faced each other in total of 6 volleyball matches. Afghanistan have won 6 whereas Bhutan have won 0.
Afghanistan and Sri Lanka have faced each other in total of 11 volleyball matches. Afghanistan have won 8 whereas Sri Lanka have won 3.
Afghanistan and Bangladesh have faced each other in total of 17 volleyball matches. Afghanistan have won 12 whereas Bangladesh have won 5.
# Zhezkazgan Airport

Zhezkazgan Airport (Kazakh: Жезқазған Әуежайы / Jezqazğan Äuejaiy; IATA: DZN, ICAO: UAKD) is an international airport, serving the city of Zhezkazgan in Ulytau Region of Kazakhstan.
At the moment, it has one asphalt and concrete runway, and other four unpaved runways. The pavement classification number is 37/R/B/X/T.
In 2015, 29,518 passengers have gone through the airport, and in 2016 this number fell to 26,624 people.

## History

An old airport was located in 1 km (0.62 mi) from the train station of Zhezkazgan. It had two unpaved runways: 18/36 with the length of 1,800 m (5,900 ft) and 10/28 with the length of 1,400 m (4,600 ft).
Often, airport couldn't operate flights due to its runways getting wet because of rain or melting snow in the spring, what has led to canceling flights.
New, currently operating airport with an asphalt-concrete runway was built in 1971–1973, and in 1985, a new terminal was built, which could serve up to 200 passengers per hour.
The first flight, operated by the new airport, was done by an Ilyushin Il-18 airplane. In the 1970s, Zhezkazgan United Air Squadron (Russian: Джезказганская объединённая авиаэскадрилья) was formed in the airport. In 1983 it started using L-410 planes in commercial purposes, and in 1995 it has got two Mi-8 helicopters.
Zhezkazgan Air (Russian: "Жезказган Эйр") airline was formed in the airport in October 1996.
In 2004, the airport has received a reconstruction of its terminal and the runway, as well as an upgrade of its equipment. This was made possible with the financial support from Kazakhmys Corporation, a copper mining company.
In 2008, the airport was declared international after a decree from the government of Kazakhstan.

## Used aircraft

* Antonov An-12
* Antonov An-24
* Antonov An-26
* Ilyushin Il-76
* Tupolev Tu-134
* Tupolev Tu-154
* Yakovlev Yak-40
* Yakovlev Yak-42
* Bombardier CRJ100/200
* Bombardier Q400
* Embraer EMB 120 Brasilia
* Boeing 737

## Airlines and destinations

| Airlines | Destinations |
| Qazaq Air | Astana, Öskemen, Qarağandy, Şymkent |
| SCAT Airlines | Almaty, Astana |
| Zhezkazgan Air | Qarağandy |

## Accidents

* On 6 January 1987, an Antonov An-2R (aircraft registration number 16075) of the Zhezkazgan United Air Squadron, which was performing a X-607 mail flight through Zhezkazgan - Qara-Qengir - Qorghasyn - Amangeldi - Sary-Qengir - Jetiqonyr - Zhezkazgan route, has crashed 34 km (21 mi) north of Urozhayny airfield in Karaganda Region due to difficult weather conditions (low cloudiness, snowfall, icing and limited visibility). During the flight over the snowy terrain on an altitude, that was lower than the safe one, the crew lost visual contact with the ground. At 12:03 MSK, the plane has collided with a hill on an altitude of 680 m (2,230 ft). Aircraft commander has died immediately; the second pilot was found alive and was evacuated by a helicopter into a hospital, where he died on 13 January 1987. Search and rescue operations were complicated by difficult weather conditions (a blizzard, heavy wind and low cloudiness).
# Krzanowice, Opole Voivodeship

Krzanowice is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Dobrzeń Wielki, within Opole County, Opole Voivodeship, in south-western Poland. It lies approximately 8 kilometres (5 mi) south-east of Dobrzeń Wielki and 6 km (4 mi) north of the regional capital Opole.
# Beki Bondage

Beki Bondage (born Rebecca Louise Bond) is an English singer, songwriter and guitarist, best known as the frontwoman of the punk band Vice Squad.
She appeared on the front cover of a number of influential music papers such as Melody Maker, NME, Smash Hits and Sounds.
In 1983, she left Vice Squad to form the band Ligotage with Steve Roberts of UK Subs. Sales of their first single "Crime and Passion" (1983, EMI) were disappointing, and their only album, Forgive and Forget, was released on the independent Picasso Records label.
Following the release of two solo singles in 1985, Bondage formed The Bombshells (often billed as "Beki & the Bombshells") in 1986. The band continued to play on the London club and punk circuit for many years.
In 1998, she reformed Vice Squad with a new line-up; the band continues to record and tour.
She also released a solo record album of covers in 2000 entitled Cold Turkey.
# Arenila

Arenila is an extinct genus of bothremydid pleurodiran turtle that was discovered in the Western Desert of Egypt. The genus consists solely of type species A. krebsi.

## Discovery

Arenila was discovered in the Ammonite Hill Member of the Dakhla Formation, Egypt, which dates back to the Maastrichtian.

## Description

The holotype of Arenila is a partial skull. Most of the prefrontal is preserved on the skull's left side, but lacks the anterior margin, while the right side is completely missing. The sutures are clearly visible, with the bone edges being slightly displaced. The prefrontal is broken by a parasagittal crack running from the frontal suture to the eroded edge of the prefrontal.

## Etymology

The generic name of Arenila is derived from the Latin arena "sand".
# Ilie Daniel Popescu

Ilie Daniel Popescu (born 1 June 1983 in Reşiţa) is a Romanian-born former artistic gymnast. He is an Olympic Team bronze medallist (2004), a world silver medalist (2007/ vault) and a European bronze medalist (2008/ Pommel Horse). He changed his nationality to German. He coaches several teams of the German gymnastics club TV Schwäbisch Gmünd Wetzgau, for which he also starts in the German Gymnastics League.
# Lower Farm Estate

Lower Farm Estate is a suburb of Bloxwich, in the Metropolitan Borough of Walsall, West Midlands, England.

## Amenities

There are two multi-storey blocks of council flats on Lower Farm, Smith House and Thomas House on Stoney Lane, both of which were built during the 1960s.

## Transportation

The estate is served by the National Express West Midlands and Diamond Bus 32 bus route (formerly numbered 302) which runs to Bloxwich High Street and Walsall.

## Lower Farm

During development of the estate in 1963, several agricultural buildings were demolished, including the Lower Farm farmhouse after which the estate was named. It was believed that the farmhouse dated from the early Nineteenth Century, but demolition of the brick and rubble exterior revealed a Late Medieval hall of cruck-truss construction. Photographs and drawings were made but demolition completed. The site of the farmhouse is now occupied by Thomas House.
# Netherlands men's national softball team

The Netherlands men's national softball team is the men's national softball team of Netherlands. The team competed at the 1996 ISF Men's World Championship in Midland, Michigan where they finished with 5 wins and 5 losses. The team competed at the 2000 ISF Men's World Championship in East London, South Africa where they finished fourteenth. The team competed at the 2004 ISF Men's World Championship in Christchurch, New Zealand, where they finished fourteenth.