# Plecia

Plecia is a genus of March flies (Bibionidae) comprising many species, both extant and fossilised.

## Species
### Extant species

* P. acutirostris Luo & Yang, 1988
* P. adiastola Hardy & Takahashi, 1960
* P. affinidecora Hardy, 1968
* P. americana Hardy, 1940
* P. amplipennis Skuse, 1888
* P. aruensis Edwards, 1925
* P. angularis Luo & Yang, 1988
* P. avicephaliforma Hardy, 1940
* P. bicuspidata Luo & Yang, 1988
* P. bifida Hardy, 1968
* P. bifoliolata Luo & Yang, 1988
* P. bisulca Hardy, 1968
* P. boliviana Fitzgerald, 1998
* P. chinensis Hardy, 1949
* P. crenula Hardy, 1968
* P. curtispina Hardy, 1968
* P. cuspidata Hardy, 1968
* P. digitiformis Luo & Yang, 1988
* P. dileracabilis Yang & Luo, 1989
* P. dimidiata Macquart, 1846
* P. duplicis Hardy, 1968
* P. edwardsi Hardy, 1940
* P. emeiensis Yang & Luo, 1989
* P. erebea Skuse, 1889
* P. erebeoidea Hardy, 1982
* P. forcipiformis Yang & Luo, 1989
* P. fulvicollis (Fabricius, 1805)
* P. hadrosoma Hardy & Takahashi, 1960
* P. hamata Hardy, 1968
* P. impilosa Hardy, 1940
* P. intricata Hardy, 1968
* P. javensis Edwards, 1925
* P. lateralis Hardy, 1940
* P. lieftincki Hardy, 1968
* P. longifolia Yang & Luo, 1989
* P. longiforceps Duda, 1933
* P. lopesi Hardy, 1940
* P. mandibuliformis Yang & Luo
* P. membranifera Hardy & Takahashi, 1960
* P. multilobata Hardy, 1968
* P. nagatomii Hardy & Takahashi, 1960
* P. nearctica Hardy, 1940 – Lovebug
* P. obtusicornis Hardy, 1968
* P. obtusilobata Hardy, 1968
* P. oculastra Hardy, 1968
* P. okadai Hardy & Takahashi, 1960
* P. ornaticornis Skuse, 1889
* P. patula Hardy, 1968
* P. pellucida Fitzgerald, 1998
* P. persimilis Hardy, 1940
* P. plagiata Wiedemann, 1824
* P. propeforcipata Hardy, 1968
* P. propria Hardy, 1968
* P. protea Fitzgerald, 1998
* P. pruinosa Hardy, 1940
* P. pudica Hardy, 1968
* P. punctulata Hardy, 1940
* P. ramosa Fitzgerald, 1998
* P. rhinigera Hardy, 1968
* P. rostellata Loew, 1858
* P. rufangularis Luo & Yang, 1988
* P. ruficollis (Olivier, 1789) – Harlequin fly
* P. rufimarginata Hardy, 1940
* P. rufiscutella Hardy, 1940
* P. rugosa Hardy, 1940
* P. serrifera Hardy, 1968
* P. spilota Hardy, 1968
* P. stricta Hardy, 1968
* P. tephra Fitzgerald, 1998
* P. tetrascolata Hardy, 1968
* P. thulinigra Hardy, 1961
* P. trifida Hardy, 1968
* P. triquetra Fitzgerald, 1998
* P. trunca Fitzgerald, 1998
* P. xyele Fitzgerald, 1998

### Fossil species

Many fossil species have been assigned to Plecia with ages dating from the Cretaceous (Campanian) through the early Pleistocene (Gelasian):

#### Cretaceous

* †P. myersi Peterson, 1975 (Campanian, Canadian Amber, MB)

#### Paleocene

* †P. undans Zeuner, 1941 (Thanetian, ArdTun head, UK)

#### Eocene
##### Ypresian, Allenby Formation, Canada

* †P. angustipennis (Handlirsch, 1910)
* †P. canadensis (Handlirsch, 1910)
* †P. elatior (Handlirsch, 1910)
* †P. minutula Rice, 1959 (Allenby Formation)
* †P. nana (Handlirsch, 1910) (Allenby Formation)
* †P. pictipennis (Handlirsch, 1910) (Allenby Formation)
* †P. pulchra (Handlirsch, 1910) (Allenby Formation)
* †P. pulla (Handlirsch, 1910) (Allenby Formation)
* †P. similkameena Scudder, 1879 (Allenby Formation)
* †P. transitoria (Handlirsch, 1910) (Allenby Formation)
* †P. tulameenensis Rice, 1959 (Allenby Formation)

##### Ypresian, Driftwood shales, Canada

* †P. cairnesi Rice, 1959

##### Ypresian, Horsefly Shales, Canada

* †P. avus (Handlirsch, 1910)
* †P. curtula (Handlirsch, 1910)
* †P. dilatata (Handlirsch, 1910)
* †P. platyptera (Handlirsch, 1910) (Horsefly Shales)
* †P. reducta (Handlirsch, 1910) (Horsefly Shales)

##### Ypresian, "Mission Creek site", Canada

* †P. kelownaensis Rice, 1959

##### Ypresian, Oise amber, France

* †P. parisiensis Gee et al., 2001

##### Ypresian, Green River Formation, USA

* †P. akerionana Fitzgerald, 1999
* †P. dejecta Scudder, 1890
* †P. pealei Scudder, 1890
* †P. rhodopterina Cockerell, 1925
* †P. winchesteri Cockerell, 1917
* †P. woodruffi Cockerell, 1916

##### Priabonian, Baltic Amber

* †P. borussica Meunier, 1904
* †P. brunniptera Skartveit, 2009
* †P. clavifemur Skartveit, 2009
* †P. hoffeinsorum Skartveit, 2009
* †P. prisca Meunier, 1899
* †P. tenuicornis Skartveit, 2009

##### Priabonian, France

* †P. angustiventris Theobald, 1937 ( Célas site, France)
* †P. chapuisii Oustalet, 1872
* †P. dumasi Theobald, 1937
* †P. foersteri Theobald, 1937

##### Pribonian, United Kingdom

* †P. acourti Cockerell, 1921 (Bembridge Marls, UK)

##### Priabonian, Florissant Formation, USA

* †P. axeliana Cockerell, 1915
* †P. decapitata Cockerell, 1917
* †P. explanata Cockerell, 1917
* †P. gradata Melander, 1949
* †P. melanderi Cockerell, 1911
* †P. orycta Melander, 1949
* †P. tessella Melander, 1949

#### Oligocene
##### Rupelian, Brunstatt, France

* †P. gracillima Förster, 1891

##### Rupelian, Corent, France

* †P. joannis Oustalet, 1870
* †P. larteti Oustalet, 1870
* †P. longipennis Oustalet, 1870
* †P. pallida Oustalet, 1870
* †P. rubescens Oustalet, 1870
* †P. sauvagei Oustalet, 1870

##### Rupelian, Calcaires de Vacheres Formation, France

* †P. assonensis Gentilini, 1993
* †P. larguensis Gentilini, 1993
* †P. maimensis Gentilini, 1993

##### Rupelian, Chadrat, France

* †P. oustaleti Brongniart, 1876

##### Chattian, Niveau du gypse d'Aix, France

* †P. livida Heer, 1849
* †P. painvini Meunier, 1915
* †P. retracta Theobald, 1937
* †P. rhenana Heyden & Heyden, 1865

##### Chattian, Camoins-les-Bains, France

* †P. theobaldi Skartveit & Nel, 2017

##### Chattian, Rott Formation, Germany

* †P. collossea (Heyden & Heyden, 1865)
* †P. conica Theobald, 1937
* †P. dubia (Germar, 1837)
* †P. exigua Statz, 1943
* †P. gracilenta (Heyden & Heyden, 1865)
* †P. grossa Heyden & Heyden, 1865
* †P. hypogaea (Heyden & Heyden, 1865)
* †P. inflata Oustalet, 1870
* †P. luctuosa Heyden & Heyden, 1865
* †P. luteola Heyden & Heyden, 1865
* †P. lygaeoides Heer, 1849
* †P. macrocephala (Heyden & Heyden, 1865)
* †P. morio Heer, 1849
* †P. pennata Statz, 1943
* †P. pinguis (Heyden & Heyden, 1865)
* †P. proserpina Heyden & Heyden, 1865
* †P. rhenana Heyden & Heyden, 1865
* †P. sturmi Statz, 1943
* †P. stygia (Heyden & Heyden, 1865)
* †P. winnertzi (Heyden & Heyden, 1865)

#### Miocene
##### Aquitanian, Mexican amber, Mexico

* †P. pristina Hardy, 1971

##### Burdigalian, Shanwang Formation. China

* †P. aculeolata Zhang, 1989
* †P. bivalvula Zhang, 1993
* †P. capitata Zhang et al., 1994
* †P. diatoma Zhang, 1989
* †P. fumosa Zhang et al., 1994
* †P. gracilentula Evenhuis, 1994
* †P. ludongensis Hong & Wang 1985
* †P. platoptera Zhang, 1993
* †P. rectivenia Zhang, 1989
* †P. solaris Zhang, 1989
* †P. spinula Zhang, 1989
* †P. villosa Zhang, 1989
* †P. vulcania Zhang, 1989

##### Burdigalian, Kudia River site, Russia

* †P. amagua Cockerell, 1925
* †P. obsitula Cockerell, 1925
* †P. kuznetzovi Cockerell, 1925
* †P. kudiella Cockerell, 1925
* †P. redempta Cockerell, 1925
* †P. refracta Cockerell, 1925

##### Burdigalian - Langhian, Cypris Formation, Czech Republic

* †P. quaesita Novák, 1878

##### Langhian, Chojabaru Formation, Japan

* †P. kanetakii Fujiyama, 1970

##### Serravallian, Radoboj Formation, Croatia

* †P. bucklandi Heer, 1849

##### Serravallian, Oehningen beds Member (Upper Freshwater-Molasse), Germany

* †P. hilaris Heer, 1849
* †P. jucunda Heer, 1849
* †P. macilenta Skartveit & Pika, 2014

##### Messinian, Monte Castellaro, Italy

* †P. baglii Gentilini, 1991
* †P. castellaroi Gentilini, 1991
* †P. pisaurensis Gentilini, 1991

#### Pliocene
##### Piacenzian, Togo Formation, Japan

* †P. intima Fujiyama & Iwao, 1974

#### Pleistocene
##### Gelasian, Lac Chambon, France

* †P. brunneipennis Piton, 1939
* †P. vergnei Piton, 1935
Revision of the Bibionidae fossil record from the Oligocene of Germany by Skartveit and Wedmann (2021) included the redescription of a number of Plecia species.
* Hesperinus heeri (Heyden & Heyden, 1865) (formerly Plecia heeri and syn P. elegantula )