OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Henri, Duke of Verneuil

Gaston Henri de Bourbon, Duke of Verneuil (3 November 1601 – 28 May 1682), was the bishop of Metz from 1612 to 1652, despite not being ordained. In his early 50s he was displaced and had a career as a diplomat.

## Biography

Henri was born in the Château de Vincennes on 3 November 1601, the illegitimate son of King Henry IV of France and his mistress, Catherine Henriette de Balzac d'Entragues. He was declared legitimate in 1603, at the age of two.
His sister was Gabrielle Angelique, called Mlle de Verneuil (1603–1627), married Bernard de Nogaret de La Valette. His half-siblings included King Louis XIII of France, Christine of France, Duchess of Savoy and César, Duke of Vendôme.
The bishopric of Metz was intended for him from infancy, but when Bishop Charles of Lorraine died in 1607, Pope Paul V refused to appoint a young child of seven. The House of Lorraine had controlled the see since 1484, usually with a family member as bishop, which Paris was keen to bring to an end. The elderly Anne d'Escars de Givry, bishop of Lisieux, was appointed as placeholder bishop, and Henri was given an expectative appointment, in effect a reservation, plus a pension from the revenues, until he reached adult age. Pope Paul V agreed to appoint him in 1612, after the death of d'Escars, at the request of Louis XIII, despite Henri being only 11 and not ordained. He was never ordained and never resided at Metz, appointing deputies to run diocesan affairs.
He resigned as bishop in favour of Cardinal Mazarin in 1652, a move Pope Innocent X did not recognize. He was declared dismissed by Pope Alexander VII in 1659. He was knighted on 31 December 1661 and created duke of Verneuil in 1663. In 1665 he became ambassador to England and in 1666 was made governor of Languedoc. He married Charlotte (1622-1704), daughter of the chancellor Pierre Séguier and widow of Maximilien François de Bethune, 2nd Duke of Sully (1614–1661), on 29 October 1668, when he was 67 and she 46. He died without issue on 28 May 1682 at Château de Verneuil.

## Ancestry

Ancestors of Henri, Duke of Verneuil :
# Mounir Ait L'Hadi

Mounir Ait L'Hadi (Arabic: منير ايت الهادي; born August 25, 1994) is an Algerian football player. He currently plays for Al-Salt in the Jordanian Pro League. He plays as a defensive midfielder and can also play as a central midfielder.

## Club career
### NA Hussein Dey

Ait L'Hadi played with former Algerian Ligue Professionnelle 1 side NA Hussein Dey until 23 July 2023.

### Al-Qairawan

On 2 December 2023, Ait L'Hadi joined Libyan side Al-Qairawan, after his successful stint at Libyan Stadium the previous season.

### Al-Salt

On 30 July 2024, L'Hadi joined Jordanian Pro League club Al-Salt.

## Honours
### Club
#### NA Hussein Dey

* Algerian U21 Cup (1): 2014
# Diego Aravena

Diego Sebastián Aravena Ramírez (born December 30, 1996) is a Chilean footballer who currently plays as central midfielder for club Audax Italiano.

## Career statistics
### Club

    As of 14 February 2021.
| Club | Season | League | League | League | Cup | Cup | Continental | Continental | Other | Other | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Magallanes | 2013–14 | Primera B | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| Magallanes | 2014–15 | Primera B | 10 | 0 | 5 | 1 | — | — | 0 | 0 | 15 | 1 |
| Magallanes | 2015–16 | Primera B | 27 | 0 | 4 | 0 | — | — | 0 | 0 | 31 | 0 |
| Magallanes | 2016–17 | Primera B | 16 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 0 | 0 | 16 | 0 |
| Magallanes | 2017–T | Primera B | 15 | 2 | 2 | 0 | — | — | 0 | 0 | 17 | 2 |
| Magallanes | 2018 | Primera B | 26 | 3 | 4 | 0 | — | — | 0 | 0 | 30 | 3 |
| Magallanes | Total | Total | 95 | 5 | 15 | 1 | — | — | 0 | 0 | 110 | 6 |
| Coquimbo Unido | 2019 | Primera División | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | — | — | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 |
| Coquimbo Unido | 2020 | Primera División | 29 | 2 | — | — | 10 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 39 | 3 |
| Coquimbo Unido | Total | Total | 30 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 10 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 41 | 3 |
| Audax Italiano | 2021 | Primera División | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Total career | Total career | Total career | 125 | 7 | 16 | 1 | 10 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 151 | 9 |

#### Notes

* ↑ Appearances in the Copa Sudamericana
* ↑ Appearances in the Copa Chile
# Roman Catholic Diocese of Pankshin

The Roman Catholic Diocese of Pankshin (Latin: Pankshinen(sis)) is a diocese located in the city of Pankshin in the ecclesiastical province of Jos in Nigeria.

## History

On March 18, 2014 the Diocese of Pankshin was established from territory of the Archdiocese of Jos and the Diocese of Shendam.

## Ordinaries

* Michael Gobal Gokum (consecrated 12 Jun 2014–present)
# Turris andersoni

Turris andersoni is an extinct species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Turridae, the turrids.

## Distribution

This extinct marine species was found in Eocene strata in California (55.8 to 48.6 Ma).
# Kangaba

Kangaba is a town, commune, and seat of the Kangaba Cercle in the Koulikoro Region of south-western Mali.
Kangaba is believed to have been founded in 1050 by Mandinka tribesmen and was a vassal state of the Ghana Empire. Once known as Kaba, the area was a core province of the Mali Empire. After winning the Battle of Kirina in 1235, Sundiata Keita proclaimed the Manden Charter, also known as the Kouroukan Fouga after the field near Kangaba where it was created, perhaps the oldest constitution in the world. Ceremonies are still held in the town to honor the ancient traditions and promote a message of peace and fraternity.
The Kamablon (fr) is a sacred circular mudbrick building with a conical roof in the bara, or large public square, at the center of town, built in 1653. The oldest of its kind in the Manden cultural zone, its septennial re-roofing ceremony brings together the traditional castes, founding dynasties of the Mali Empire, and griots who recite the oral history and tradition of the region. This ceremony was listed on the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity in 2009.
The relationship between Kangaba and the Keita clan is disputed. Some sources claim that the town was the boyhood home of Sundiata Keita and the first capital of the Mali Empire. The Keitas likely, however, only established a base there after the decline of the larger empire, and it thus became associated in popular imagination with the original legend.

## Capitals of the state of Kangaba (1050-1237)

* Kiki (1050-1090)
* Dodu (1090-1200)
* Kangaba (1200-1237)

## List of Kings of Kangaba

Names and Dates taken from John Stewart's African States and Rulers (2005).
* Taraore (c. 1050-1090)
* Baraonendana (c. 1090-1150)
* Hamama (c. 1150-1190)
* Di Jigi Bilali (c. 1190-1200)
* Keita Nari fa Majan (c. 1200-1218)
* Danagaram Tumo (c. 1218-1228)
* Soninke rule (1228-1230)
* Mari Jata I (also known as Sundiata Keita) (1230-c.1237)
# M-10 highway (Montenegro)

M-10 highway (Montenegrin: Magistralni put M-10) (previously known as M-2.3 highway) is a Montenegrin roadway.

## History

Construction of the Budva–Cetinje section of the highway occurred during the Interwar period. The extension to Podgorica and further construction to bring it to highway standards occurred after World War II, and the highway was officially opened for traffic in 1978. Since 2001, many steeper sections of the road have been upgraded with third lane, and by 2017 road has been almost fully reconstructed, with new surface, and with more than half of the highway now with three lanes instead of two.
In January 2016, the Ministry of Transport and Maritime Affairs published bylaw on categorisation of state roads. With new categorisation, M-2.3 highway was renamed as M-10 highway.

## Major intersections

| Municipality | Location | km | mi | Destinations |
| Podgorica | Podgorica | 0.0 | 0.0 | M-3 / E-762 – Nikšić |
| Cetinje | Cetinje | 30.6 | 19.0 | R-1 – Čevo, Kotor, Nikšić |
| Budva | Bečići | 58.3 | 36.2 | M-1 / E-65 / E-80 – Budva, Petrovac na Moru |
| 1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi ||||||
# Hocine Cherhabil

Hocine Cherhabil (Arabic: حسين شرحبيل; born 24 February 1953) is an Algerian politician. Previously he had served as Minister of Digitization and Statistics from 2021 to 2023.

## Education

Cherhabil holds a Diploma in Political Science (1975) from the University of Algiers, a Diploma in Human Resources Management Techniques (1993) from the International Institute of Public Administration, a Doctorate in Social Sciences (1982) from the École des hautes études des sciences sociales de Paris and a Doctorate in Political Science and International Relations (2009) from the University of Algiers.
# Mohamed Amroune

Mohamed Seif Edine Amroune (Arabic: محمد سيف الدين عمرون; born 25 May 1983) is an Algerian football player.

## Club career

In 2003, Amroune began his senior career with his hometown club of CS Constantine. In 2005, he joined CR Belouizdad.

### RAEC Mons

In July 2007, Amroune went on trial with Belgian club S.V. Zulte Waregem. However, two days later, he signed a four-year contract with another Belgian club, R.A.E.C. Mons. On 12 August 2008 he made his debut for the club as a substitute in the 78th minute in a league game against Mechelen. On 5 January 2009 Amroune left the club after agreeing to terminate his contract by mutual consent. He made just one appearance during his time with the club, after failing to recover properly from his injury.
On 17 January 2009 Amroune went on trial with Portuguese club Naval. In July 2009, Amroune went on trial with French Championnat National side Troyes.

## International career

On 24 March 2007 Amroune made his debut for the Algerian National Team in a 2008 Africa Cup of Nations qualifier against Cape Verde. Amroune started the game on the bench and replaced Hamer Bouazza in the 88th minute as Algeria won the game 2–0.
# Snyder Creek Shale

The Snyder Creek Shale is a geologic formation in Missouri. It preserves fossils dating back to the Devonian period.
# 2011–12 Kategoria Superiore Femra

The 2011–12 Kategoria Superiore Femra was the 3rd season of women's professional football, organized by the Albanian Football Federation.
Ada Velipojë were crowned champions, reaching the qualifying round of the 2012–13 UEFA Women's Champions League.

## League table

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts |
| 1 | Ada (C) | 14 | 13 | 1 | 0 | 75 | 10 | +65 | 40 |
| 2 | Juban Danja | 14 | 10 | 2 | 2 | 69 | 13 | +56 | 32 |
| 3 | Tirana AS | 14 | 10 | 2 | 2 | 66 | 12 | +54 | 32 |
| 4 | Kinostudio | 14 | 6 | 1 | 7 | 31 | 27 | +4 | 19 |
| 5 | The Door | 14 | 4 | 4 | 6 | 38 | 45 | −7 | 16 |
| 6 | Shkëndija Durrës | 14 | 4 | 2 | 8 | 22 | 51 | −29 | 14 |
| 7 | Kamza | 14 | 3 | 0 | 11 | 11 | 60 | −49 | 9 |
| 8 | Dardania Sport | 14 | 0 | 0 | 14 | 6 | 100 | −94 | 0 |
* ↑ Ada Velipojë qualified to the UEFA Champions League qualifying round.
# Turris monilifera

Turris monilifera is an extinct species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Turridae, the turrids.

## Description

The length of the shell attains 15,2 mm, its maximum diameter is 2 mm; the aperture and the siphonal canal are 8.6 mm long.
(Original description) The shell has a fusiform shape. The three, conical whorls of the protoconch are smooth. The next whorls are crossed by twelve or more strong, oblique riblets, which change on fourth or fifth into a row of beaded knobs, forming an angle along middle of whorls, increasing to thirty-five on ninth whorl or body whorl. Above this angle are nine or ten fine revolving riblets, and three or four below it, the two posterior being longest, and imperfectly beaded at the suture. On the anterior whorls the medial knobs are sometimes doubled, and on the bod -whorl the revolving riblets are alternately large and small. The siphonal canal is straight, equaling the sub-oval mouth in length. The sinus is deep and is situated at the angle.

## Distribution

Fossils of this marine species were found in Eocene strata in California, USA (age range: 55.8 to 37.2 Ma)
# Taha Derbal

Taha Derbal (13 November 1958) is the Algerian Minister of Irrigation. He was appointed as minister on 16 March 2023.

## Career

Derbal was the Director General of the National Office of Water and Drainage. In 2021, he was appointed Acting General Director of the Algerian Water Company.
In 2022, he became Secretary General of the Ministry of Water Resources.
Since 16 March 2023, Derbal has been Minister of Hydraulics.
# Danny Chase

Danny Chase (later called Phantasm) is a fictional superhero in DC Comics publications.

## Publication history

Danny Chase/Phantasm first appeared in The New Teen Titans Annual (vol. 2) #3 and was created by Marv Wolfman and artist Mike Collins. Although Wolfman hoped the character would restore the "teen hero" feel to a group composed mostly of characters in their twenties, Danny was also intended as a comic foil for one of the group's foundational characters, Changeling. However, readers responded negatively to the character, leading him to be written out of the series.
During Jay Faerber's run on Teen Titans, he intended for the villain Epsilon to be a resurrected Danny, but editor Andy Helfer vetoed the idea.

## Fictional character biography

Danny Chase is the son of Central Bureau of Intelligence spies, and was thus trained in espionage, infiltration, and intelligence acquisition. He later joins the Teen Titans, but Nightwing forces him to leave following Jason Todd's death.
In Titans Hunt, Danny is attacked by the Wildebeest Society and presumed dead. However, he survives and adopts the Phantasm identity using a makeshift costume and voice modulator.
Danny later sacrifices himself to save Raven's homeworld of Azarath. He, Arella, and other disembodied souls of Azarath merge into a new entity called Phantasm. In Blackest Night, Danny's body is temporarily resurrected as a Black Lantern.
In The New 52 continuity reboot, Phantasm appears as a captive of A.R.G.U.S.

## Powers and abilities

Danny Chase is a metahuman who possesses telekinesis, and is additionally skilled in espionage and has a photographic memory. As Phantasm, he possesses the combined magic of the souls of Azarath.

## In other media

* Danny Chase appears in Young Justice, voiced by Jason Marsden. This version possesses teleportation in addition to telekinesis, both of which he gained from experimentation by the Light, and was further transformed by DeSaad into a robotic being known as the Kaiser-Thrall. Subsequently, he is forced into serving the forces of Apokolips before being freed by the Team.
* Danny Chase appears as a character summon in Scribblenauts Unmasked: A DC Comics Adventure.
* Danny Chase appears in Injustice: Gods Among Us: Year Five #16.
# Sofiane Attaf

Sofiane Attaf (born September 26, 1983, in El Harrach, Algiers Province) is an Algerian football player who is currently playing for Jendouba Sport in the Tunisian league.

## Club career

* 2005-2007 USM El Harrach
* 2007-2007 USM Alger
* 2007-2008 EGS Gafsa
* 2008-pres. Jendouba Sport
# Rockhall Wood Pit, Sutton

Rockhall Wood Pit, Sutton is a 5.3-hectare (13-acre) geological Site of Special Scientific Interest west of Shottisham in Suffolk. It is a Geological Conservation Review site both for its quaternary and neogene deposits.
This site has excellent exposures of the Pliocene Coralline Crag Formation, with a vertical sequence of diagenetic changes and rich fossil fauna. It is described by Natural England as probably the most important Pliocene site in Britain.
This site is private land, but part has been converted by Geo Suffolk into a 'Pliocene Forest', with trees similar to ones which would have grown in Suffolk four million years ago.
# Scotch Lass

Scotch Lass (pigeon NPS.42.21610) was a carrier pigeon who received the Dickin Medal in June 1945 from the People's Dispensary for Sick Animals for bravery in service during the Second World War. She accompanied a British agent on a mission into The Netherlands. Immediately after she was released, in September 1944, and still in view of the agent that had released her, she hit telegraph wires. However, she carried on and delivered her message and photographs.
# Hajji Muhammad Arif Zarif

Hajji Muhammad Arif Zarif (1942 in Shewaki, Kabul, Afghanistan; † November 6, 2007) was a prominent Afghan politician and businessman. He graduated from Afghanistan's military academy. He was the chairman of the Afghanistan Chamber Reform Commission and a member of the Afghan National Parliament, as well as Chairman of the Parliamentary Economics Committee and owner of several private companies. He was a wealthy businessman that owned many properties and enterprises. Arif Zarif was part of a delegation of politicians and lawmakers, several of whom were killed in the 2007 Baghlan sugar factory bombing, a suicide attack in Baghlan, northern Afghanistan, on November 6, 2007. He was buried in a state ceremony in Kabul three days later.
Arif Zarif was also a nephew of former Afghan parliamentarian Haji Abdul Rasul.
Hajji Muhammad was born in the village of Shewaki which is located in the Bagrami district in the Kabul province.
# Extraembryonic membrane

The extraembryonic membranes are four membranes which assist in the development of an animal's embryo. Such membranes occur in a range of animals from humans to insects. They originate from the zygote, but are not considered part of the embryo. They typically perform roles in nutrition, gas exchange and waste removal.

## In amniotes

There are four standard extraembryonic membranes in amniotes, i.e. reptiles (including birds) and mammals:
* the yolk sac which surrounds the yolk
* the amnion which surrounds and cushions the embryo
* the allantois which among avians stores embryonic waste and assists with the exchange of carbon dioxide with oxygen as well as the resorption of calcium from the shell, and
* the chorion which surrounds all of these and in avians successively merges with the allantois in the later stages of egg development to form a combined respiratory and excretory organ called the chorioallantois.
In humans and other mammals they are more usually called fetal membranes.

## In insects

The extraembryonic membranes in insects include a serous membrane (serosa) originating from blastoderm cells, an amnion or amniotic cavity whose expression is controlled by the Zerknüllt gene, and a yolk sac.
# Tyee Sandstone

The Tyee Sandstone is a geologic formation in Oregon. It preserves fossils.
# Ada Benjamin

Ada Benjamin (born 18 May 1994) is a Nigerian athlete, specializing in sprinting.

## Life

In 2014, at the Commonwealth Games in Glasgow she won the silver medal in the 4 × 400 m relay with Patience Okon George, Regina George and Folashade Abugan.
She is studying at University of Texas, El Paso (UTEP), majoring in business. Benjamin is a member of the UTEP's indoor and outdoor track team.

## Medals

International medals :
| Date | Competition | Place | Result | Event | Performance |
| 2014 | Athletics at the 2014 Commonwealth Games | Glasgow | 2$^e$ | 4 × 400 m | 3' 24.71" |
| 2014 | 2014 African Championships in Athletics | Marrakech | 1$^{re}$ | 4 × 400 m | 3' 28.87" |
| 2014 | 2014 IAAF Continental Cup | Marrakech | 3$^e$ | 4 × 400 m | 3 min 25 s 51 |
# Samuel Youn

Samuel Youn (Korean: 윤태현; RR: Yun Tae-hyeon; MR: Yun T'aehyŏn; born 1971) is a South Korean operatic bass baritone.

## Career

Youn was born in Seoul, South Korea.
Samuel Youn studied voice in Seoul, in Milan, and at the Cologne University of Music under Arthur Janzen. He has been a member of the Cologne Opera since the 1999/2000 season. At Cologne he has sung among other roles Kaspar in Der Freischütz, Jochanaan in Richard Strauss' Salome, Escamillo in Bizet's Carmen, and the Wagnerian roles of Donner and Gunther in Der Ring des Nibelungen, Kurwenal in Tristan und Isolde and the Dutchman in Der fliegende Holländer; he has also made many guest appearances in various countries, including as the Wanderer/Wotan in Wagner's Siegfried, his début in the role, in Lisbon, and Mephisto in Gounod's Faust in Treviso and Rovigo, his first appearances in Italy. He has also sung in concert in Brahms' German Requiem, Mahler's Symphony No. 8, and Beethoven's Ninth Symphony among other works.
In 2004 he made his début at the Bayreuth Festival as the second Grail Knight in Parsifal (conducted by Pierre Boulez), and in 2005 he appeared there as Reinmar von Zweter in Tannhäuser (conducted by Christian Thielemann) and in 2010 as the Herald in Lohengrin (conducted by Andris Nelsons).
In 2012 Youn became the first Korean to sing the Dutchman in Der Fliegende Holländer at Bayreuth, as a short-notice replacement for Yevgeny Nikitin, who withdrew days before the opening of the festival because he had a tattoo that was said in German media to resemble a swastika.
In November 2012 Youn was appointed a Musical Ambassador of Singende Krankenhäuser e.V. (Singing Hospitals).
In 2016 Youn sang Scarpia in Puccini's Tosca at the Royal Opera House, Covent Garden, and also performed for the first time in the US, as Alberich in Wagner's Das Rheingold with the Lyric Opera of Chicago, his first performance in the role.

## Honours

Youn was the first recipient of the Offenbach Prize of the Freunde der Oper Köln e. V., in 2005.
He has won several international singing competitions, including the Treviso Toti dal Monte, the Seoul Chung-Ang, the Genoa Franz Schubert Contest, and the Naples Francesco Albanese Contest.
# Bachir Messaitfa

Bachir Messaitfa is the Algerian Deputy Minister of Statistics and Forward Planning. He was appointed as deputy minister on 2 January 2020.
# Jonathan Clarke (silversmith)

Jonathan Clarke (August 12, 1705 - 1770) was an American silversmith active in Newport and Providence, Rhode Island.
Clarke was born in Newport, Rhode Island, where from 1734 to 1755 he worked as a silversmith. There he served in the militia as Ensign in 1735 and Captain in 1742, and in 1750 was appointed Justice of Peace. From about 1755-1766 he was active as a silversmith in Providence, Rhode Island. His work is collected in the Metropolitan Museum of Art, Rhode Island School of Design Museum, Winterthur Museum, and Yale University Art Gallery.
# Ayoub Azzi

Ayoub Azzi (Arabic: أيوب عزي; born 14 September 1989 in Ouargla) is an Algerian footballer. He plays primarily as a centre-back but has also been used as a right-back.

## Club career

In the summer of 2014, Azzi joined MC Alger on a two-year contract.
On 31 July 2023, Azzi joined Saudi Arabian club Al-Najma.

## International career

Azzi made his senior debut with the Algeria national football team in a friendly 2–0 loss to Saudi Arabia on 9 May 2018.

## Honours

MC Alger
* Algerian Super Cup: 2014
# Compensatory tracking task

A compensatory tracking task is a task that assesses eye–hand coordination, in which a user is operating a display that has an indicator and a zero point using a joystick, computer mouse, trackball, or other controlling device. The user must try to keep the indicator within the zero point while the indicator is being acted upon by outside forces.
Early versions of compensatory tracking tasks included a display made of a cathode ray oscilloscope with a rack and pinion connected to a knob that controlled the indicator. The zero point would be displayed on the cathode ray tube. The participant would turn the knob in order to keep the indicator within the zero point.
Time, and distance from the zero point are measured to determine the participant's ability to control the indicator. The early versions of this test were used to help develop better controls. Control modulators such as springs, generators, and electromagnets were used to increase difficulty of the task.
More recently, compensatory tracking tasks has been used to gauge alertness. This is done using a computer monitor and a simulation controlled by a mouse or trackball. Participants use the mouse to keep the indicator within a target which acts as the zero point. Time within the zero point and distance from the zero point are once again measured. Notable versions of the compensatory tracking task are COMPTRACK, and the PEBL compensatory tracking task.
# Solvang Formation

The Solvang Formation is a geologic formation in Norway. It preserves fossils dating back to the Ordovician period.