OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Inosinic acid

Inosinic acid or inosine monophosphate (IMP) is a nucleotide (that is, a nucleoside monophosphate). Widely used as a flavor enhancer, it is typically obtained from chicken byproducts or other meat industry waste. Inosinic acid is important in metabolism. It is the ribonucleotide of hypoxanthine and the first nucleotide formed during the synthesis of purine nucleotides. It can also be formed by the deamination of adenosine monophosphate by AMP deaminase. It can be hydrolysed to inosine.
The enzyme deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate pyrophosphohydrolase, encoded by YJR069C in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and containing (d)ITPase and (d)XTPase activities, hydrolyzes inosine triphosphate (ITP) releasing pyrophosphate and IMP.
Important derivatives of inosinic acid include the purine nucleotides found in nucleic acids and adenosine triphosphate, which is used to store chemical energy in muscle and other tissues.
In the food industry, inosinic acid and its salts such as disodium inosinate are used as flavor enhancers. It is known as E number reference E630.

## Inosinate synthesis

The inosinate synthesis is complex, beginning with a 5-phosphoribosyl-1-pyrophosphate (PRPP). Enzymes taking part in IMP synthesis constitute a multienzyme complex in the cell. Evidence demonstrates that there are multifunctional enzymes, and some of them catalyze non-sequential steps in the pathway.

## Synthesis of other purine nucleotides

Within a few steps inosinate becomes AMP or GMP. Both compounds are RNA nucleotides. AMP differs from inosinate by the replacement of IMP's carbon-6 carbonyl with an amino group. The interconversion of AMP and IMP occurs as part of the purine nucleotide cycle. GMP is formed by the inosinate oxidation to xanthylate (XMP), and afterwards adds an amino group on carbon 2. Hydrogen acceptor on inosinate oxidation is NAD+. Finally, carbon 2 gains the amino group by spending an ATP molecule (which becomes AMP+2Pi). While AMP synthesis requires GTP, GMP synthesis uses ATP. That difference offers an important regulation possibility.

## Regulation of purine nucleotide biosynthesis

Inosinate and many other molecules inhibit the synthesis of 5-phosphoribosylamine from 5-phosphoribosyl-1-pyrophosphate (PRPP), disabling the enzyme that catalyzes the reaction: glutamine-5-phosphoribosyl-1-pyrophosphate-amidotransferase. In other words, when levels of inosinate are high, glutamine-5-phosphoribosyl-1-pyrophosphate-amidotransferase is inhibited, and, as a consequence, inosinate levels decrease. Also, as a result, adenylate and guanylate are not produced, which means that RNA synthesis cannot be completed because of the lack of these two important RNA nucleotides.

## Applications

Inosinic acid can be converted into various salts including disodium inosinate (E631), dipotassium inosinate (E632), and calcium inosinate (E633). These three compounds are used as flavor enhancers for the basic taste umami or savoriness with a comparatively high effectiveness. They are mostly used in soups, sauces, and seasonings for the intensification and balance of the flavor of meat.
# Dericorys

Dericorys is the type genus of grasshoppers of the family Dericorythidae. Species have been recorded from Africa, the Iberian Peninsula, Atlantic islands and western Asia.

## Species

The Orthoptera Species File lists:
* Dericorys albidula Serville, 1838 - type species
* Dericorys annulata Fieber, 1853
* Dericorys carthagonovae Bolívar, 1897 - Iberian peninsula
* Dericorys cyrtosterna Uvarov, 1933
* Dericorys escalerai Bolívar, 1936
* Dericorys guichardi Dirsh, 1950
* Dericorys johnstoni Uvarov, 1933
* Dericorys lobata Brullé, 1840
* Dericorys millierei Bonnet & Finot, 1884
* Dericorys minutus Chopard, 1954
* Dericorys murati Uvarov, 1938
* Dericorys philbyi Uvarov, 1933
* Dericorys ramachandrai Uvarov, 1933
* Dericorys tibialis Pallas, 1773
* Dericorys uvarovi Ramme, 1930
* Dericorys vitrea Bey-Bienko, 1957
* Dericorys xenosterna Uvarov, 1933
* Dericorys yemenita Ingrisch, 1999
# Polymnia Athanassiadi

Polymnia Athanassiadi (born 23 September 1946) is a historian specialising in the religious and cultural history of Late Antiquity, in particular the transition from Neoplatonic to Islamic theology. Athanassiadi was a Professor of Ancient History at the University of Athens.
She traveled regularly in the Near and Middle East (from Turkey to Iran) and recorded her journey from Anatolian Turkey to Northern Syria.

## Career

Athanassiadi studied philology at the universities of Athens and the Sorbonne, as well as history at Somerville College Oxford, where she completed her DPhil in 1976 entitled An emperor and Hellenism: studies in the thought and action of the Emperor Julian.
She was Professor of Ancient History at the University of Athens from 1986 until her retirement in 2013. She was a fellow of the Centre for Greek Studies at Harvard University (1979-1980), and has held visiting fellowships at the University of Oxford (1990–91), Princeton (1995) and Moscow (1999). She was the Alexander Onassis Public Benefit Foundation Senior Fellow at the universities of Harvard, Columbia, Duke and Berkeley (2004).
In Paris she has given lecture courses at the École Pratique des Hautes Études (2002) and the Collège de France (2006). She edited the series ΄Υστερη Αρχαιότητα for the publisher Κατάρτι and was co-ordinator of the Greek group of the international scientific programme FIGURA. La représentation du divin dans les sociétés grecque et romaine (2008–2011), which was funded by the UMR 8585 (Centre Glotz) des Centre national de la recherche scientifique.

## Selected publications

* P. Athanassiadi 1981. Julian and Hellenism: An Intellectual Biography. Oxford: Clarendon Press; 2nd ed., London: Routledge, 1992, repr. 2014; translations into Italian (1984, 1994). Revised in Greek as Ιουλιανός: μια βιογραφία. Athens: ΜΙΕΤ, 2001, 2005.
* P. Athanassiadi 1985. Στο Σύνορο του Ευφράτη (travel writing on Eastern Turkey), Athens, Domos 1985; Athens: Apameia.
* P. Athanassiadi 1991. Πνοές (annotated Greek translation of 99 poems by the oral poet İsmail Emre (1900-1970)). Athens: Domos.
* P. Athanassiadi 1996. Γιουνούς Εμρέ (edition of 51 poems by Yunus Emre with Greek translation), Athens: Apameia.
* P. Athanassiadi 1999. Damascius: The Philosophical History: Text with translation and notes. Athens: Apameia.
* P. Athanassiadi and M. Frede (eds) 1999. Pagan Monotheism in Late Antiquity. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
* P. Athanassiadi 2006. La Lutte pour l'orthodoxie dans le platonisme tardif. De Numénius à Damascius. Paris: Les Belles Lettres.
* P. Athanassiadi 2010. Vers la pensée unique. La montée de l'intolérance dans l'Antiquité tardive. Paris: Les Belles Lettres. Revised in Greek as Η άνοδος της μονοδοξίας στην Ύστερη Αρχαιότητα, Athens: Hestia, 2017, 2018.
* P. Athanassiadi 2015. Mutations of Hellenism in Late Antiquity - Variorum Collected Studies. Farnham: Ashgate.
# Elijah Johnson

Elijah Johnson may refer to:
* Elijah Johnson (agent) (1789–1849), American colonial agent
* Elijah Johnson (basketball) (born 1990), American basketball player
* Elijah Johnson (singer) (born 1998), American singer
* Elijah Johnson (Home and Away), a character in the soap opera Home and Away
# Leona Tate

Leona Tate (born October 31, 1954) is an American activist, civil rights pioneer, and community advocate from New Orleans. She was one of the first Black children in the United States to desegregate a public elementary school.

## Biography
### Early life and education

Tate was born and raised in the Lower Ninth Ward of New Orleans. She and her family were selected among many applicants to be the initial implementers of school desegregation.
On the morning of November 14, 1960, four 6-year-old girls: Tate, Tessie Prevost, Gail Etienne and Ruby Bridges became the first African Americans to desegregate formerly all white elementary public schools in New Orleans and the Deep South. Three of the girls, Tate, Prevost and Etienne (also known as the McDonogh Three) enrolled at McDonogh 19 Elementary School at 5909 St. Claude Avenue, and Bridges enrolled at William Frantz Elementary School at 3811 North Galvez Street.
As soon as Tate and her peers entered the schools, the white children were pulled out by their parents; for 18 months the girls were the only students in their class. With worldwide attention focused on New Orleans, federal marshals wearing yellow armbands began escorting The New Orleans Four into the schools at 9 a.m. By 9:25 a.m., the two public elementary schools in the Deep South were integrated.
In 1962, the school became an all black-school and as a result, Tate, Etienne and Prevost marched on to integrate another formerly all white elementary school, T.J. Semmes.
The integration of New Orleans public elementary schools marked a major focal point in the history of the American civil rights movement.

### Foundation

In 2009, Leona Tate, established the Leona Tate Foundation for Change to help purchase McDonogh 19, the school she with Tessie Prevost and Gail Etienne integrated. Today, she and her partners at Alembic Community Development are readying the historic landmark building to reopen in Spring 2021 as the Tate, Etienne, and Prevost (TEP) Center, a mixed-use development dedicated to the history of New Orleans Public School Desegregation, Civil Rights, and Black Life. Her mission for the TEP Center is to create a safe space and community anchor where the public can learn, support, and train for anti-racism activism and social restorative justice.
# Equestrian statue of Joan of Arc (New York City)

Joan of Arc is a 1915 bronze equestrian statue on a granite base, sculpted by Anna Hyatt Huntington. The statue is located in Manhattan, New York City, on Riverside Drive and 93rd Street. It depicts the Roman Catholic saint and French folk heroine Joan of Arc.

## Description and history

Huntington's Joan of Arc stands at the intersection of Riverside Drive and 93rd Street in Manhattan. Copies were installed in San Francisco, Blois, Gloucester, Massachusetts, and Quebec City. Cast in bronze by the Gorham Manufacturing Company to one-and-a-half-times life size, its Mohegan granite base was designed by John Vredenburgh Van Pelt; it contains fragments of the Rouen cell Joan was imprisoned in before her execution, and from Reims Cathedral. Jean Jules Jusserand spoke at its dedication on December 6, 1915. The $35,000 ($1,054,100 in 2024) needed to erect the statue was donated by numismatist J. Sanford Saltus, namesake of the American Numismatic Society's Saltus Award. Huntington was catapulted into the international spotlight after the statue was unveiled with such dignitaries as Mina Edison.
In 1919 the New York Camera Club held a competition on who could take the best photo of the statue. The top four entrants had their pictures published in the November 16, 1919, New-York Tribune.

## Awards

* The plaster model, which she made at the studio of Jules Dalou, earned her Honorable Mention at the 1910 Paris Salon.
* One of the works of art credited to the City Beautiful movement.
* Earned Anna Hyatt Huntington the Legion of Honor.
# Lutho Sipamla

Lutho Sipamla (born 12 May 1998) is a South African professional cricketer who plays domestic cricket for Gauteng. He made his international debut for the South Africa cricket team in February 2019.

## Domestic career

He made his first-class debut for Eastern Province in the 2016–17 Sunfoil 3-Day Cup on 5 January 2017. Prior to his debut, he was named in South Africa's squad for the 2016 Under-19 Cricket World Cup. He made his List A debut for Eastern Province in the 2016–17 CSA Provincial One-Day Challenge on 12 February 2017.
In September 2018, he was named in Eastern Province's squad for the 2018 Africa T20 Cup. He made his Twenty20 debut for Eastern Province in the 2018 Africa T20 Cup on 14 September 2018.
In October 2018, he was named in Tshwane Spartans' squad for the first edition of the Mzansi Super League T20 tournament. He was the joint-leading wicket-taker for the team in the tournament, with sixteen dismissals in ten matches. In August 2019, he was named the Mzansi Super League Young Player of the Year at Cricket South Africa's annual award ceremony.
In September 2019, he was named in the squad for the Tshwane Spartans team for the 2019 Mzansi Super League tournament. In April 2021, he was named in Gauteng's squad, ahead of the 2021–22 cricket season in South Africa.

## International career

In July 2018, he was named in the Cricket South Africa Emerging Squad. In January 2019, he was named in South Africa's Twenty20 International (T20I) squad for their series against Pakistan. He made his T20I debut for South Africa against Pakistan on 3 February 2019. In January 2020, he was named in South Africa's One Day International (ODI) squad for their series against England. He made his ODI debut on 4 February 2020, for South Africa against England.
In December 2020, Sipamla was added to South Africa's Test squad for their series against Sri Lanka. He made his Test debut for South Africa, against Sri Lanka, on 26 December 2020.
# Lahiru Udara

Lahiru Udara Igalagamage (born 27 November 1993) is a Sri Lankan cricketer. He made his first-class debut for Nondescripts Cricket Club in the 2013–14 Premier Trophy on 17 January 2014. In March 2018, he was named in Colombo's squad for the 2017–18 Super Four Provincial Tournament. He was the leading run-scorer in the 2019–20 Premier League Tournament, with 1,039 runs in nine matches. In October 2020, he was drafted by the Colombo Kings for the inaugural edition of the Lanka Premier League.
In July 2021, he was named in Sri Lanka's squad for their series against India. The following month, he was named in the SLC Greens team for the 2021 SLC Invitational T20 League tournament. In November 2021, he was selected to play for the Dambulla Giants following the players' draft for the 2021 Lanka Premier League.
In June 2022, he was named in the Sri Lanka A squad for their matches against Australia A during Australia's tour of Sri Lanka.
# Forssman antigen

The Forssman antigen is a glycolipid heterophile antigen found in certain animals like dogs, horses, cats, turtles and sheep, and enteric organisms such as pneumococci. In sheep, it is found on erythrocytes but not on tissue and organs, unlike hamsters and guinea pigs whose organ cells do carry the antigen. The Forssman antigen is distinct from the Paul-Bunnell antigen, antibodies to which are diagnostic of glandular fever (infectious mononucleosis). Both antigens are present on the red blood cells of horse and sheep but guinea pig kidney cells have only the Forssman antigen. A serum positive for glandular fever therefore agglutinates horse or sheep red blood cells after absorption with guinea pig kidney.

## Namesake

It is named for John Frederick Forssman (1868 – 1947), a pioneer Swedish Pathologist, who described it in 1930.
# Mansukhbhai Kothari

Sri Mansukh Lal Mahadev Bhai Kothari also commonly known as Mansukhbhai Kothari (25 July 1925 – 27 November 2015) was an Indian businessman and industrialist. He was the founder of Kothari Group of Industries. He was famously dubbed by media as the "father of pan masala industry".

## Biography

Mansukhbhai was born on 25 July 1925 at a village in Nareli district, in the state of Gujarat. He eventually relocated to Kanpur at the tender age of 16 and he immediately joined the fray to enter the business field.

## Career

Mansukhbhai had involved in supply of coconut oil to shops for a brief stint. He kickstarted Kothari Industries in 1973 by establishing the headquarters at Kanpur. During his tenure as the chairman of Kothari Group, mouth freshner brand Pan Parag was unveiled in the market in 1973.
Mansukhbhai brought on board Bollywood actors Shammi Kapoor and Ashok Kumar for the television commercial advertisement promoting his flagship brand Pan Parag, and the brand’s tagline, “Baraatiyon ka swagat Pan Parag se kijiye," became a popular marketing tactic. Kanpur also apparently came to be known as “pan masala city" when Mansukhbhai chose Kanpur as the base to carry out paan masala business under the brand name Pan Parag.
He also received support from his sons Vikram Kothari and Deepak Kothari and the Pan Parag group was diversified eventually laying foundation to the formation of Rotomac Pen which was founded by Vikram Kothari in 1999. He founded the Kothari International School in 2005. In 2010, he stepped down from the role as chairman of the Kothari Group of Industries owing to deteriorating health issues.

## Legacy

However, his flagship brand, Pan Parag, raised significant health concerns among medical health experts across India who had denounced the usage of such a brand by highlighting the side effects caused by consistent chewing of tobacco and Pan masala.

## Death

He died on 27 November 2015 at his residence in Tilak Nagar, Kanpur. He was 90 years old during the time of his death.
# Pierre Brissaud

Pierre Brissaud (23 December 1885 – 17 October 1964) was a French Art Deco illustrator, painter, and engraver. He was born in Paris and trained at the École des Beaux-Arts and Atelier Fernand Cormon in Montmartre, Paris. His father was Dr. Édouard Brissaud, a student of Dr. Jean-Martin Charcot. His fellow students at Cormon were his brother Jacques, André-Édouard Marty, Charles Martin, and Georges Lepape. Students at the workshop drew, painted and designed wallpaper, furniture and posters. Earlier, Toulouse-Lautrec, van Gogh, and Henri Matisse had studied and worked there. Pierre's older brother Jacques Brissaud was a portrait and genre painter and his uncle Maurice Boutet de Monvel illustrated the fables of La Fontaine, songbooks for children and a life of Joan of Arc. A first cousin was the celebrated artist and celebrity portrait painter Bernard Boutet de Monvel.
Brissaud is known for his pochoir (stencil) prints for the fashion magazine Gazette du Bon Ton published by Lucien Vogel in Paris. Many of Brissaud's illustrations are realistic leisure scenes of the well-to-do. They illustrate the designs of Paris fashion houses such as Jeanne Lanvin, Chéruit, Worth, and Doucet. Brissaud's illustrations appeared in Vogue after it bought Bon Ton in 1925, as well as House & Garden and Fortune, and in books like Madame Bovary, Manon Lescaut, Mémoires de Saint-Simon, the autobiographical novels of Anatole France, Two gentlemen of Verona and many others.
In 1907 he exhibited at the Salon des Indépendants and the Salon d'Automne.
# One More

One More may refer to:
* "One More" (song), a 2014 song by Elliphant, featuring MØ
* "One More" (The Walking Dead), 2021 season 10 episode 19 of the television series The Walking Dead
* "One More", a 2021 song by SG Lewis, featuring Nile Rodgers, from the album Times
# List of ambassadors of China to the Democratic Republic of the Congo

The Ambassador of China to the Democratic Republic of the Congo is the official representative of the People's Republic of China to the Democratic Republic of the Congo.

## List of representatives

| Designated/accredited | Ambassador | Premier of the People's Republic of China | Prime Minister of the Democratic Republic of the Congo | Term end |
| July 1961 | Zhang Tong | Zhou Enlai | Joseph Iléo | September 1961 |
| January 1973 | Gong Dafei | Zhou Enlai | Mpinga Kasenda | July 1978 |
| September 1978 | Zhou Boping | Hua Guofeng | Mpinga Kasenda | January 1982 |
| March 1982 | Li Shanyi | Zhao Ziyang | N'singa Udjuu Ongwabeki Untubu | March 1985 |
| April 1985 | An Guozhang | Zhao Ziyang | Léon Kengo wa Dondo | January 1990 |
| April 1990 | Li Peiyi | Li Peng | Léon Kengo wa Dondo | November 1993 |
| December 1993 | Zhou Xianjue | Li Peng | Faustin Birindwa | November 1996 |
| December 1996 | Huang Shenjiao | Li Peng | Léon Kengo wa Dondo | December 1997 |
| June 1998 | Sun Kunshan | Zhu Rongji | Laurent-Désiré Kabila | February 2001 |
| March 2001 | Cui Yongqian | Zhu Rongji | Joseph Kabila | March 2005 |
| April 2005 | Fan Zhenshui | Wen Jiabao | Joseph Kabila | February 2007 |
| March 2007 | Wu Zexian | Wen Jiabao | Antoine Gizenga | November 2010 |
| December 2010 | Wang Yingwu | Wen Jiabao | Adolphe Muzito | October 2014 |
| December 2014 | Wang Tongqing | Li Keqiang | Augustin Matata Ponyo | July 2019 |
| July 2019 | Zhu Jing | Li Keqiang | Sylvestre Ilunga | |
# List of ambassadors of China to Cuba

The Ambassador of China to Cuba is the official representative of the People's Republic of China to Cuba.

## List of representatives

| Name (English) | Name (Chinese) | Tenure begins | Tenure ends |
| Shen Jian | 申健 | 9 November 1960 | January 1964 |
| Wang Youping | 王幼平 | 4 January 1964 | January 1967 |
| Li Shanyi | 李善一 | January 1967 | December 1970 |
| Zhang Dequn | 张德群 | December 1970 | 18 February 1975 |
| Li Shanyi | 李善一 | June 1975 | 20 April 1979 |
| Wang Zhanyuan | 王占元 | August 1979 | 7 August 1983 |
| Wang Jin | 王晋 | December 1983 | 26 October 1986 |
| Zhang Yongming | 张永明 | November 1986 | 2 December 1986 |
| Tang Yonggui | 汤永贵 | April 1987 | August 1990 |
| Chen Jiuchang | 陈久长 | 18 August 1990 | August 1993 |
| Xu Yicong | 徐贻聪 | 10 September 1993 | December 1995 |
| Liu Peigen | 刘培根 | 15 December 1995 | 7 February 1999 |
| Wang Chengjia | 王成家 | 12 March 1999 | June 2001 |
| Wang Zhiquan | 王治权 | 10 July 2001 | February 2004 |
| Li Lianfu | 李连甫 | 12 March 2004 | October 2005 |
| Zhao Rongxian | 赵荣宪 | 27 October 2005 | December 2009 |
| Liu Yuqin | 刘玉琴 | 10 February 2010 | January 2012 |
| Zhang Tuo | 张拓 | January 2012 | October 2016 |
| Chen Xi | 陈曦 | October 2016 | June 2021 |
| Ma Hui | 马辉 | July 2021 | 5 July 2024 |
| Hua Xin | 华昕 | 5 July 2024 | Incumbent |
# Althaemenes

In Greek mythology, Althaemenes or Althemenes (Ancient Greek: Ἀλθαιμένης) was a Cretan prince as the only son of King Catreus of Crete. He was the brother of Apemosyne, Aerope and Clymene. Althaemenes mistakenly killed his father thereby fulfilling an oracle.

## Mythology

Althaemenes is known through the accounts of Diodorus Siculus and Apollodorus. According to the first of these, Althaemenes received an oracle saying that he was destined to kill his father. So to avoid this fate, Althaemenes, with many followers, fled Crete for Rhodes, and established on Mount Atabyrus (modern Attavyros) an altar to Zeus Atabyrius. Years later, Catreus sailed the seas searching for his son, and heir to his throne. One night, his ship stopped at Rhodes, fighting arose, and Althaemenes, unknowingly killed Catreus with his spear. When Althaemenes discovered what he had done, he wandered from place to place, and eventually died from grief. After which, commanded by an oracle, the Rhodians honored him as a hero.
Apollodorus relates a similar story. In his account, Catreus received an oracle saying that he would be killed by one of his children. And although Catreus hid the oracles, Althaemenes found out and fled with his sister Apemosyne to Rhodes. There Apemosyne was raped by the god Hermes, but when Apemosyne told Althaemenes this, Althaemenes did not believe her and kicked Apemosyne to death. Catreus having set to sea in search of Althaemenes, landed at Rhodes, and his company being mistaken for pirates were attacked and as before Althaemenes unknowingly killed his father. In this telling, when Althaemenes realized what had happened he prayed to the gods and fell into a chasm.
# Sedalia, Texas

Sedalia is a populated place in Collin County, Texas, United States. According to the Handbook of Texas, the community had a population of 25 in 2000. It is located within the Dallas-Fort Worth Metroplex.

## Geography

Sedalia is located near the Grayson County line, 2 mi (3.2 km) northwest of Westminster in far-northeastern Collin County. It used to be on FM 3093 before it was combined with Farm to Market Road 3133.

## Education

Today the community is served by the Anna Independent School District. It is zoned for Judith L. Harlow Elementary School, Anna Middle School, and Anna High School.