OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Bot River Lagoon

The Bot River Estuary, also known as the Bot River Lagoon, is part of the Bot-Kleinmond Estuarine System in the Overberg region on the Western Cape of South Africa. It became a Ramsar site wetland in 2017. It is within the Kogelberg Biosphere Reserve.
This wetland is the mouth of the Bot River, namesake of the town of Botrivier. The lagoon covers almost 13.6 km$^2$ (5.3 sq mi) between Kleinmond, Hawston, and Fisherhaven. The lagoon is one of the largest open-water areas along the Western Cape coast and discharges into a shallow, triangular shaped lagoon in a wide valley flanked by mountains known as Botrivier Vlei. The waters of the lagoon are separated from the ocean by a 100 to 200 m (330 to 660 ft) wide dune belt with a height of 3 to 6 m (9.8 to 19.7 ft) that is partly covered with coastal grasses and shrubs. The dunes have two narrow berms which are sometimes breached naturally or artificially. The main portion of the lagoon can have a length of up to 7 km (4.3 mi) and a width of around 2 km (1.2 mi).
The Rooisand Nature Reserve occupies around 60% of the western frontage up to the lagoon. The nature reserve is managed by CapeNature and is a designated Provincial Nature Reserve. The eastern side of the lagoon is mostly occupied with residential development. The head of the lagoon on the inland side is surrounded by agricultural land.

## Ecology

During the dry summer months, the Lagoon is a major refuge for waterfowl, of which 86 species can be found here. Coots come some years in particularly large numbers. The size of the bird population, however, varies drastically year to year based on fluctuations in water depth and quality as well as how connected the wetland is to the sea.
The lagoon is also an important fish spawning ground. 41 species of fish are recorded here, out of which 19 are dependent on such estuaries for their life cycle.
Invasive species, especially Acacia cyclops and African clawed frogs, are an increasing threat to the wetland. Residents and holidaymakers alike enjoy fishing, swimming, rowing, and sailing here.
# Bohío Formation

The Bohío Formation (Tbo, Tbm) is a geologic formation in Panama. It preserves fossils dating back to the Late Eocene to Late Oligocene period.

## Description

The Bohío Formation is characterized by the presence of poorly sorted debris, mostly basaltic: very coarse debris in the form of boulders and cobbles, and finer debris forming beds of sandstone, and the matrix of conglomerate. The facies are non-marine, but marine fossils are found in thin units in the upper part of the formation, in algal limestone and in both poorly sorted and fairly well sorted subgraywacke. The Bohío Formation overlies the Gatuncillo Formation conformably in most areas, although may lap onto the Gatuncillo Formation or basement.
The thickness of the formation is about 75 to 450 metres (246 to 1,476 ft). Smaller foraminifera from the basal part of the formation yielded an early Oligocene age. The upper part of the formation, from which the collections are derived yields larger foraminifera of late Oligocene age.
# Indian Point Formation

The Indian Point Formation is a geologic formation in Quebec. It preserves fossils dating back to the Ludlow epoch of the Silurian period.

## Description

The Indian Point Formation comprises thin- to thick-bedded, locally fossiliferous, calcareous siltstones, fine-grained sandstones, calcarenites, and minor biostromal limestones, conglomerates, red siltstones, and mafic volcanic rocks. The Indian Point Formation is conformably overlain by within-plate tholeiitic mafic to intermediate flows and flow breccias of the Archibald Settlement Formation, developed as a synsedimentary normal fault in the Late Silurian, based on the presence of polymictic conglomerate beds in a thickened Indian Point section east of the fault. Post-Early Devonian (Acadian) orogenic events have produced open to close folds with northeast-trending axes.

## Fossil content

The following fossils were reported from the formation:

### Eurypterids

* Waeringopterus sp.

### Pterobranchia

* Monograptus nilssoni
# Siege of Mahdia (1159–1160)

The siege of Mahdia was a seven month siege led by the Almohad Caliph Abd al-Mu’min against the Norman forces of King William I of Sicily.

## History

The people of Ifriqiya sought help from Abd al-Mu’min against Norman occupation. Abd al-Mu’min led a large army into Tunisia and took Tripoli, Sfax and other cities from the Normans. Abd al-Mu’min besieged Mahdia for seven months, eventually the Almohad navy defeated the Normans and Abd al-Mu’min negotiated with them which resulted in the Normans surrendering Mahdia thus ending Norman rule in Africa.
# Sundvollen Formation

The Sundvollen Formation is a geologic formation cropping out along the northern and eastern shores of Steinsfjorden, Oslo Region, Norway. It preserves fossils dating back to the Gorstian to Ludfordian stages (Rootsiküla in the regional stratigraphy) of the Late Silurian period.

## Description

The formation belongs to the Ringerike Group, overlies the Steinsfjorden Formation and is overlain by the Stubdal Formation. The fish assemblage originates from a horizon with fine-grained, dark greyish-green sandstone from the lowermost part of the formation.
The formation comprises dark-grey siltstones associated with red sandstones and siltstones, with ripple marks, cross-laminations, and crack diapirs, and pseudo-nodules, carbonate concretions. The sequence is fining upwards in cyclothems. Tracks attributed to eurypterids have been found in the red siltstone. Turner (1974) interprets the Sundvollen Formation as representing meandering, braided streams on an alluvial, coastal plain, very close to sea level because of the minor marine incursions found). Boucot and Janis (1983) interpreted the environment to be possibly brackish-estuarine.

## Fossil content

The following fossils have been reported from the formation:

### Fish

* Ateleaspis sp.
* Loganellia cf. aldridgei
* Paralogania martinssoni
* Phlebolepis elegans
* Pterygolepis cf. nitida
* Rhyncholepis parvula
* Thelodus laevis
* Tyriaspis cf. whitei
* Osteostraci indet.

### Eurypterids

* Brachyopterella pentagonalis
* Eurypterus tetragonophthalmus
* Kiaeropterus ruedemanni
* Mixopterus kiaeri
* Nanahughmilleria norvegica
* Pterygotus (Erettopterus)
* Erettopterus holmi
* Stylonuroides dolichopteroides
* Mixopterus sp.
* Nanahughmilleria sp.
* Pterygotus sp.

### Invertebrates
#### Crustaceans

* Phyllocarida indet.

#### Chasmataspidids

* Kiaeria limuloides

#### Xiphosura

* Xiphosurida indet.
* Bunodes sp.

### Flora

* Plantae indet.
* Dictyocaris slimoni.

## Correlations

The Sundvollen Formation correlates with the lower part of the Store Arøya Formation.
# Migas goyeni

Migas goyeni is a species of mygalomorph spider endemic to New Zealand.

## Taxonomy

This species was described in 1968 by Cecil Wilton from a single female specimen collected in Banks Peninsula. The holotype is stored in Canterury Museum.

## Description

The female is recorded at 11.6mm in length. The carapace and legs are orange brown. The abdomen is greyish brown with a medial band.

## Distribution

This species is only known from Banks Peninsula, New Zealand.

## Conservation status

Under the New Zealand Threat Classification System, this species is listed as "Data Deficient" with the qualifiers of "Data Poor: Size", "Data Poor: Trend" and "One Location".
# Home Town Hero

Home Town Hero was an American rock band from Southern California active in the early 2000s. Founding members Aaron Bruno, Drew Stewart, and Jon Monroy began playing together while attending Westlake High School, where their early project was known as the Ice Monkeys. They were greatly influenced by the success of Southern California punk bands of the early 1990s and the grunge aesthetic popularized by bands like Nirvana and Pearl Jam. With the later addition of bassist Todd Burnes and drummer Ray Blanco, who replaced Ryan Cox, the band re-christened themselves as Insurgence. As Insurgence they began playing famous California venues, including The Roxy Theatre and Whisky a Go Go.
When the band began work on their 5-song demo EP titled “Blues Tex Vince Hunter” they again changed their name, this time to Home Town Hero. This demo was released in January 2000. Bruno, Burnes, Blanco and Stewart are credited under the stage names Blues, Tex Harbinger, Vince Black and Hunter James for this release respectively. An untitled second demo EP with four songs was released in May 2000. Monroy left the group after the recording, but before the release of these CD EPs.
In 2000 and 2001, Home Town Hero joined the Vans Warped Tour, where they attracted the attention of Madonna's Maverick Records label. The band's eponymous major label debut was heavily promoted by Warner Bros. Records, and their single "Questions" received significant airplay in major American radio markets. "Questions" was also included in the video game soundtrack for Legends of Wrestling II in 2002.
Burnes and Blanco left the group and drummer Jamin Wilcox joined shortly before releasing their second LP, Bitch City, in 2004. The album did not get a physical release, but was freely available to download on the internet. The track "Robbers" was selected by EA Sports for the soundtrack to their MVP Baseball 2004 video game.
Bruno, Stewart and Wilcox went on to found Under the Influence of Giants under the Island Records label in 2005. The group would still perform and promote songs that were written and recorded under the name Home Town Hero. Bruno eventually started Awolnation with Stewart.
Ray Blanco is now drummer and songwriter of The Bangkok Five (Universal Records, execution style 2006, Sony, Long Live Crime 2008, Indiemedia, Inc 2010). A&R, writer, producer and partner of Fundamental Music. Business Development and Entertainment Alliances at Indiemedia, Inc. Owner and executive producer at Generator Productions. Owner and partner of The Lowtide Lounge beach bar in Esterillos Oeste, Costa Rica.

## Discography
### Albums

* Home Town Hero (2002)
* Bitch City (2004)
# Siege of Pskov (1615)

The siege of Pskov between 9 August and 27 October 1615 was the final battle of the Ingrian War with which the hostilities ended. Swedish forces under Gustav II Adolf laid siege to Pskov, but were unable to take the city.

## Prelude

After the Battle of Klushino, the Swedish troops, located in Russia, called in 1609 by Vasily Shuisky, declared war on Russia and in 1611 occupied Novgorod Land. The siege of Tikhvin in 1613 was unsuccessful for the Swedes, but in 1614 they managed to take Gdov. In 1615 the Swedish King Gustavus Adolphus intended to subdue the Pskov land.

## Siege

Approaching Pskov, the Swedes tried to take it immediately, but were repelled by the Pskov garrison with heavy losses. In front of the king, famed field marshal Evert Horn was shot dead from the wall.
During the siege, the Swedes shelled the city with artillery, but at night Pskovites successfully closed any breach in the walls, and repeatedly made bold sallies causing the Swedes considerable losses. In September, Pskov even received reinforcements from Moscow.
In early October, the Swedes undertook a second decisive assault. The attackers managed to occupy part of the city wall and one of the towers. However, the Pskovites managed to blow up the tower, together with the Swedes that were in it, and went into a fierce counterattack.
After two and a half months, the Swedes withdrew from Pskov to Narva in view of the coming cold weather, as well as the high mortality from diseases and famine.

## Aftermath

After a cruel defeat, King Gustavus Adolphus decided not to continue the war with Russia. Sweden already then planned to resume the struggle with Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth for the Baltic states and was not ready for a war on two fronts. On December 15, 1615, a truce was concluded, and both parties initiated peace negotiations that ended with Treaty of Stolbovo in 1617.
# Jim Hodder (politician)

James Eric Hodder (December 29, 1940 – March 2, 2021) was a Canadian politician, who represented the electoral district of Port au Port in the Newfoundland and Labrador House of Assembly from 1975 to 1993, and again from 2003 to 2007. He started as a member of the Liberal Party; however, in 1985, he crossed the floor to join Brian Peckford's Progressive Conservative government.
A graduate of Memorial University of Newfoundland with bachelor's degrees in history and education, he was a high school teacher and principal in Stephenville before entering politics. His father Walter also served in the Newfoundland assembly.
He retired from the legislature for health reasons in January 2007, and was succeeded by Tony Cornect in a by-election. He died in St. John's on March 2, 2021.
# Hamilton Hatter

Hamilton Hatter (1856–1942) was an African-American professor at Storer College and the first president of Bluefield State College (originally Bluefield Colored Institute) in Bluefield, West Virginia from 1895 to 1906.

## Life and career

Hatter was born into slavery in 1856 in Charles Town, West Virginia. In order to pay for his education, he worked as a builder, mechanic, and a sawmill manager. Hatter graduated from Storer College in 1878.
He then moved to Maine to attend two Free Will Baptist schools connected to Storer. He first attended Nichols Latin School and graduated from Bates College in Lewiston, Maine, in 1888. After graduation from Bates, Hatter then returned to Storer College, where he taught Greek, Latin, and mathematics until 1896, and served on the Board of Trustees until 1906. Hatter was active in Republican politics and in 1892 he ran unsuccessfully for a seat in the West Virginia House of Delegates after receiving the Republican nomination. In 1893 Hatter received a patent for a device that improved corn harvesting. In 1895, Bluefield Colored Institute (later known as Bluefield State College) in West Virginia was founded with land-grant funds, and Governor Virgil A. Lewis chose Hamilton Hatter as the first principal of the school. Hatter served as principal until 1906, when Robert Page Sims replaced him. During World War I, Hatter spoke publicly on behalf of President Wilson's policies. Hamilton Hatter died in 1942 and was buried in Oak Grove Cemetery in Bluefield, West Virginia. In 1974 Bluefield named the College president's home "Hamilton Hatter Hall".
# Mary Eggers Tendler

Mary Eggers Tendler (née Eggers) is a volleyball coach and former volleyball player. She is the head volleyball coach at Elon University and played collegiately for Illinois where she was a First-Team All-American and winner of the Broderick Award (now the Honda Sports Award) in 1989 as the nation's top collegiate female volleyball player.

## Early life

Eggers was born to Warren and Shirley Eggers and grew up in Aurora, Illinois with four older brothers and sisters. She shot basketballs in her driveway in the evening, and when her older sisters would return home with a date, she would challenge the dates to a hoop contest. Even though she was ten years old, she would challenge them in her pyjamas and usually beat them, picking up a little pocket change. She started playing volleyball in eighth grade, when her pastor persuaded her to join a team. She attended West Aurora High School, where she played both basketball and volleyball, but she improved her volleyball skills and was named a high school All-American. In her senior year, she helped lead the team to the state supersectionals.
While at high school, she played basketball and volleyball for her first three years, but then decided to concentrate on volleyball, and only played volleyball as a senior. In her senior year, she was named the Chicago Sun-Times Girls Volleyball Players of the Year. She considered several schools in the area, including Northwestern, Illinois State, Western Michigan and Illinois. However, while all three schools other than Illinois were ranked in the top 20 in the nation, she decided to go to Illinois. It wasn't because of their strength as a program, the team was 15–18 the year before she arrived, and 5–25 the year before, but she felt Illinois was a "team on the rise" and she wanted to be part of it.

## College

Eggers led the nation in hitting percentage in her sophomore and senior years, 1986, and 1988. She was named to the First-Team All-Big Ten team all four years of school, and was named an All-American three times. Her career hitting percentage, .420, was tops in the nation and stood as the top mark until 1993. She helped lead the team to their first ever NCAA Division I women's volleyball tournament in 1985, and helped the team reach the final four in 1987 and 1988. In 1989, her senior year, she won the Honda Broderick Award as the nation's top collegiate female volleyball player.

## Professional

Eggers played a year and a half with the Olympic team, then played professionally for two years in Germany and France.

## Coaching

She began her coaching career as an assistant coach at Illinois State, Drake and James Madison. She became the head coach at Elon University in 2002. In 2010, she was named the SoCon Coach of the Year as the best coach in the Southern Conference.
# Pkah Thgall Meas

Pkah Thgall Meas (Khmer: ផ្កាថ្កុលមាស) (The Golden Ball of 1969) is a 1975 Cambodian drama film. It was a well-known film in Cambodia before the Khmer Rouge gained power.

## Plot

Twin brothers are born on the same day that a murder occurs. The twins separate from each other; one is adopted into a rich family while the other remains on the poor ground. Several years past when the poor twin begins to fall in love with a rich man's daughter named Pkah Tgall Meas. The couple faces many adversities from a cruel wealthy man. It is up to the rich twin to save the life of his poor twin brother and his love Pkah Thgall Meas.
# March Haynes

March Haynes (March 4, 1825 Pocotaligo, Jasper, South Carolina - July 16, 1899 Savannah, Chatham County, Georgia) was an African American abolitionist. He freed over three hundred enslaved people using his knowledge of the waterways of Savannah, Georgia, after his enslaver, John C. Rowland became a prisoner during the American Civil War.
Though little is known of Haynes' early life, he became a member of Wilmington Baptist Church in 1838.

## Fall of Fort Pulaski

During 1858 Haynes relocated to Savannah, Georgia where he became the property of John C. Rowland. He hired Haynes out as a boat pilot and stevedore involved in the transportation of goods. Traveling the waterways and marshes of the Savannah watershed provided him with knowledge of the area that would later prove valuable. After Rowland enlisted in the Confederate Army in 1861 and was sent to Fort Pulaski, Haynes joined him working in the fort as a carpenter.
After a 30-hour bombardment by the Union Army, Fort Pulaski was taken by the Union Army on April 11, 1862.
May 9, 1862 General David Hunter issued his General Order No.11. In which he stated Marshall Law had commenced April 25, 1862. Furthermore, he announced:
   Slavery and martial law in a free country are altogether incompatible; the persons in these three States, Georgia, Florida, and South Carolina, heretofore held as slaves are therefore declared forever free.
After the fall of Fort Pulaski, Haynes made the acquaintance of Union Chaplain Frederic Denison. Denison described Haynes as being one of "two remarkable negroes of large native ability" along with Robert Smalls. Denison makes note of Haynes' "character and worth" noting he had been severely wounded, learned to read as a slave, and acted as a stevedore in Savannah. A year later, in April 1863, Haynes was reported to have been jailed for "harboring and running off to the Yankees several Negroes from" Savannah.
Haynes formally joined the United States Colored Troops on August 20, 1864

## Underground Railroad

Haynes was accomplished in assisting people to reach freedom from Savannah to Fort Pulaski by boat. Making reconnaissances at night, he would secretly enter the city to gather information and bring away enslaved people by the boatload. He spent days gathering information on rebel forts, batteries, and camps. One of his expeditions had been delayed until after dawn resulting in an encounter with a group of six Confederate soldiers. During an exchange of fire three of the opposing men were felled by March. He himself escaped capture though wounded in the thigh.

## Later life

In 1849 he became a deacon of Savannah's First African Baptist Church.
# Utz Arena

The Utz Arena (formerly the Toyota Arena) is a 5,500-seat multi-purpose arena in York, Pennsylvania, United States; located at the York Expo Center, which is on the York Fairgrounds. The state-of-the-art arena was built in 2003 and hosts local sporting events, auctions, conferences, and concerts. Toyota owned the naming rights to the arena from 2003 to 2013, when it was replaced by Utz.
# Moses A. Hopkins

Moses Aaron Hopkins (December 25, 1846 – August 7, 1886) was an African-American clergyman and educator who served as United States minister (ambassador) to Liberia in 1885–1886. He was the first formerly enslaved person to serve the United States in an ambassadorial / ministerial capacity. He died while in Liberia.
Hopkins, born enslaved in Montgomery County, Virginia, was moved near Newbern in 1850, and escaped to serve in Union camps as a cook. He then briefly worked aboard steamships traversing the Ohio and Mississippi rivers. After attending Avery College and graduating from Lincoln University as valedictorian in 1874, in 1877 he was the first black graduate of Auburn Theological Seminary in New York. His graduating address "The Problem of Race Reconciliation in the South" was made all the more remarkable by the fact that ten years previously he could neither read nor write. He settled in Franklinton, North Carolina on June 14, 1877, where he established a church and a school. The school, known as Albion Academy, was among two dozen funded by the Presbyterian Board of Missions for Freedmen to educate formerly enslaved persons. With his wife Carrie, he also founded the short-lived Freedmen’s Friend newspaper, bearing the masthead "The Organ of Albion Academy and Our Race". Hopkins was first appointed minister to Liberia by President Grover Cleveland through a recess appointment and was later confirmed by the U.S. Senate. He was appointed on September 11, 1885, departed October 21, and presented his credentials on December 14, 1885. On August 7, 1886, he died of what was then known as “African fever”, sharing his fate with three other U.S. ministers to Liberia who died of tropical diseases between the years 1882 and 1893. He was remembered at the time in the Indianapolis Journal as "an earnest laborer for the elevation of his race and the redemption of Africa." Congress enacted an allowance of $2,500 to his widow, representing six months salary.
On April 30, 2021, Hopkins was one of 71 "forgotten" names commemorated by the American Foreign Service Association as an on-duty death while in the foreign service.
# David Walsh (mining)

David Walsh (11 August 1945 – 4 June 1998) was a Canadian businessman in the oil and gas and mining industries.

## Biography

Walsh was founder, leader and CEO of the Canadian mining company Bre-X, which was involved in one of the largest stock market scandals in Canadian history. Although Walsh had been oblivious to or dismissive of warning signs before the outbreak of the scandal, he called in RCMP investigators once the fraud was identified, and assisted the RCMP in their criminal investigation. Before the Bre-X fraud, Walsh had run several successful oil and gas companies with properties throughout the United States and Canada and had been a stock broker, trust company officer, and portfolio manager. He died of an apparent aneurysm in 1998, suffered at his home in the Bahamas.

## In popular culture

* The Bre-X scandal inspired the 2016 film Gold, in which Matthew McConaughey plays Kenny Wells, who is based on Walsh.