OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Stanley Bleifeld

Stanley Bleifeld (August 28, 1924 – March 26, 2011) was an American sculptor. He lived between Weston, Connecticut, and Pietrasanta, Italy.

## Early life

Stanley Bleifeld was born on August 28, 1924, in Brooklyn in New York City, New York. He earned bachelor of fine arts, and a master of fine arts degree in 1949 in painting from Tyler School of Art of Temple University in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. After a trip to Rome in around 1959, or 1960, he gave up painting for sculpture.

## Career

Bleifeld received the following awards: Sculptor of the Year in Pietrasanta and the World, in 2004, the Henry Hering Memorial Medal of the National Sculpture Society, (he was president of the Society from 1991 to 1993), the Medal of Liberty from the American Civil Liberties Union, the Shikler Award from National Academy of Design, among others.
Bleifeld was a National Academician in Sculpture, and a member of the National Academy of Design, and helped set policy for that organization.
Bleifeld's public monuments include sculptures for the United States Navy Memorial (he served in the Navy in World War II) in Washington, D.C., the Knights of Columbus Memorial in Connecticut, and baseball players at the Baseball Hall of Fame in Cooperstown, N.Y. The originals of his works The Lone Sailor and The Homecoming are two created for the Navy Memorial. Subsequently, a number of replicas deployed across the United States. On October 13, 2017, the occasion of the 242nd anniversary of the United States Navy, a replica of The Lone Sailor was dedicated in Pearl Harbor, Hawaii.
His work is in numerous private collections throughout the world. In 2008, his monument to the Civil Rights Movement, It Seemed like Reaching for the Moon was dedicated at the statehouse in Richmond, Virginia.

## Personal life and death

In 1949, Bleifeld married Naomi Ruby. The couple had two daughters, Becky and Emily. From 1950 until his death he lived and worked in Weston, Connecticut, spending part of each year at a home and studio in Pietrasanta, Italy.
Bleifeld died on March 26, 2011, in Norwalk, Connecticut from a cerebral hemorrhage following a fall.
# Olha Petliura

Olha Opanasivna Petliura (née: Bilska; 23 December 1885 – 23 November 1959) was a spouse of Ukrainian political leader Symon Petliura. She graduated from the Higher Courses for Women, Kyiv.

## Biography

Olha Bilska was born on December 23, 1885. In 1908, while she was in Kyiv, she met Symon Petliura. In 1910 they married and the couple took an active part in the life of the Ukrainian diaspora in Moscow, arranging concerts and literary evenings. In 1911 they had a daughter, Ukrainian poet, Lesia Petliura [uk].
In 1924 they settled in Paris. Olha did embroidery work in order to ensure a decent living for her family.
On May 25, 1926 Symon was shot dead by Sholom Schwartzbard. This greatly affected Olga's health: she fell ill and began to lose her hearing. In addition, her daughter fell ill and continued to live with this illness until 1941, after which she died at the age of under 30 years. Subsequently, her remains were transferred to the cemetery of Montparnasse and buried in the neighborhood with the grave of her father, Symon.
Olga Petliura died on November 23, 1959. She was buried in a family grave at the Montparnasse cemetery near her husband and daughter.
# OONI

The Open Observatory of Network Interference (OONI) is a project that monitors internet censorship globally. It relies on volunteers to run software that detects blocking and reports the findings to the organization. As of June 2023, OONI has analyzed 1,468.4 million network connections in 241 countries.

## Development

OONI was officially launched in 2012 as a free software project under The Tor Project, aiming to study and showcase global internet censorship. In 2017, OONI launched OONI Probe, a mobile app that runs a series of network measurements. These measurements detects blocked websites, apps, and other tools in addition to the presence of middleboxes. Results of these tests can be utilized through the OONI Explorer and API.
Till 2018 the project received $1,286,070 of funding from the Open Technology Fund.

## Tests

The current tests deployed by OONI are as follows:
* Web connectivity
* DNS consistency
* HTTP host
* HTTP requests
* Facebook Messenger access
* Telegram access
* WhatsApp access
* Signal (software) access
* HTTP header field manipulation detection
* HTTP invalid request line detection
* Meek fronted requests
* Tor bridge access
* Vanilla Tor access
* Lantern access
* Psiphon access
* Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP streaming
* NDT (Network Diagnostic Test)

## Notable cases

OONI has confirmed data analyzing the 2019 Internet blackout in Iran. On 24 February 2019, Cuban independent news outlet Tremenda Nota confirmed the blocking of its website a few hours before a referendum in Cuba. A new Constitution was voted in the country for the first time in decades. OONI network measurement data confirmed the blocking of the site along with several other independent media websites during the referendum. The network had previously confirmed 41 websites blocked in the country in 2017. Cases of internet censorship and network disruptions during elections have also been detected in Benin, Zambia, and Togo. In May 2019, OONI reported that the Chinese Government blocked all language editions of Wikipedia. Following the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, OONI confirmed that most Russian Internet Service Providers started blocking access to Twitter, Facebook, Instagram, BBC, Deutsche Welle, Radio Free Europe, Voice of America, Interfax, Meduza, Dozhd, The New Times and 200rf (a website launched by the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine to enable Russians to find their family members who were captured or killed during the war).
# Chen Shi (canoeist)

Chen Shi (Chinese: 陈诗; pinyin: Chén Shī; born 6 July 1993) is a Chinese slalom canoeist who has competed at the international level since 2009. She is from Liaoning in north-east China. Shi mainly competes in C1, but has also competed in mixed C2 with Shu Jianming.
She won a gold medal in the C1 event at the 2018 Asian Games near Jakarta, and two gold medals at the 2017 Asian Canoe Slalom Championships in Nakhon Nayok. Shi's best senior world championship results are 19th (C1: 2018), 45th (K1: 2009) and 7th (Mixed C2: 2017).
Chen competed in the C1 event at the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo, after China secured a quota place at the 2021 Asian Canoe Slalom Olympic Qualifiers in Pattaya. She finished in 17th place after being eliminated in the semifinal.
# Mandate (international law)

In international law, a mandate is a binding obligation issued from an inter-governmental organisation (e.g. the United Nations) to a country which is bound to follow the instructions of the organisation.
Before the creation of the United Nations, all mandates were issued from the League of Nations. An example of such a mandate would be Australian New Guinea, officially known as the Territory of Papua.
# Sélibaby (department)

Sélibaby is a department of Guidimaka Region in of southern Mauritania.
Located in the southern part of the country near the Senegal and Mali borders, it serves as an important administrative and economic center for the region. Sélibaby is part of the Sahel zone and features a semi-arid climate, with a rainy season that supports limited agricultural activities.
The city is known for its multicultural population, reflecting a blend of ethnic groups, including the Soninke, Fulani, and Wolof. It plays a key role in cross-border trade and serves as a hub for local markets, education and healthcare services.
Guidimaka itself is divided into several department or administrative subdivisions, with Sélibaby been the most prominent one.

## List of municipalities in the department

The Sélibaby department is made up of following municipalities:
* Hassi Cheggar
* Ould M'Bonny
* Sélibabi
* Souvi
* Tachott
* Arr
* Ajar
* Wompou
* Baydam
* Ghabou
* Gouraye.
In 2013, the entire population of the Sélibaby Department has a total of 198,688 inhabitants (97,232 men and 101,456 women).
# Su Lingdan

Su Lingdan (born 12 January 1997) is a Chinese athlete specialising in the javelin throw. She represented her country at the 2019 World Championships without qualifying for the final.
Her personal best in the event is 62.66 metres set in Chengdu in 2019.

## International competitions

| Year | Competition | Venue | Position | Event | Notes |
| Representing China ||||||
| 2016 | Asian Junior Championships | Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam | 1st | Javelin throw | 57.32 m |
| 2017 | Asian Championships | Bhubaneswar, India | 4th | Javelin throw | 57.00 m |
| 2017 | Universiade | Taipei, Taiwan | 8th | Javelin throw | 57.20 m |
| 2019 | Universiade | Naples, Italy | 5th | Javelin throw | 56.89 m |
| 2019 | World Championships | Doha, Qatar | 19th (q) | Javelin throw | 58.56 m |
| 2023 | World University Games | Chengdu, China | 2nd | Javelin throw | 57.87 m |
# Yan Meizhu

Yan Meizhu (Chinese: 闫美珠; born 28 January 1989) is a Chinese handball player. Playing on the Chinese national team, she competed at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, where China placed sixth.
# Zhao Jiaqin

Zhao Jiaqin (born 1986) is a Chinese handball player. She plays on the Chinese national team and participated at the 2011 World Women's Handball Championship in Brazil.
# Zhao Yanmin

Zhao Yanmin (Chinese: 赵艳敏; born 16 January 1991) is a Chinese track and field sprint athlete who specialises in the 400 metres. She has a personal best of 52.49 seconds and was the gold medallist in the event at the Asian Athletics Championships in 2013.

## Career

Born in Liaocheng, Shen County in China's Shandong province, Zhao Yanmin was the only child of Ji and Gui, both of whom were fruit and vegetable farmers in the rural area surrounding the city. She discovered her talent for sprinting around the age of thirteen while competing in 100 metres and 200 metres races at school.
Her teacher in physical education told her to develop her technique, but her father and other teachers disapproved – Zhao had done very well in her studies and they wanted her to focus on more academic activities. Zhao's passion for sport grew, however, and after a good performance at the provincial schools championships she gained a scholarship to train at the Shandong Institute of Physical Education in Jinan in 2005. At the age of fourteen she moved away from the family to live and train at the sports institute.
In 2007, she was third in the 400 m at the youth championships and sixth at the Chinese Athletics Championships. She repeated that finish at the nationals the following year and won the 2009 Chinese junior title with a personal best of 52.97 seconds. At the 11th Chinese Games she ran for Shandong in the 4×400 metres relay and helped her province to second place alongside former Asian champion Huang Xiaoxiao. In 2010, she did a 200/400 m double at the Chinese junior championships and was second and third, respectively, in those events at the national championships.
Her first international medal came that year at the 2010 Asian Junior Athletics Championships in Hanoi, where she was the 400 m bronze medallist. A personal best of 52.62 seconds came at the 2011 Chinese Championships, where she again placed in the top three of both the long sprints. She competed only on the national circuit in 2012 and peaked at the national championships with second in the 400 m and fourth in the 200 m.
Zhao focused on the 400 m in the 2013 season and was rewarded with her first senior medals at the age of 22. She was selected for the 2013 Asian Athletics Championships and won the gold medal with a personal best of 52.49 seconds. A silver medal followed in the 4×400 metres relay.
# Zhou Yafei

Zhou Yafei (Chinese: 周雅菲; pinyin: Zhōu Yǎfēi; born 1984-01-17 in Qingdao, Shandong) is a Chinese swimmer, who competed for Team China at the 2008 Summer Olympics.

## Major achievements

* 2002 Asian Games - 1st 100m fly/4 × 100 m medley relay;
* 2003 World Championships - 3rd 200m individual medley/1st 4 × 100 m medley relay;
* 2003 World Military Games - 1st 50m fly/100m fly/200m free/4 × 100 m free relay/4 × 100 m medley relay;
* 2004 Olympic Games - 4th 4 × 100 m medley relay;
* 2005 National Games - 1st 100m fly/4 × 100 m medley relay;
* 2005 East Asian Games - 1st 100m fly/4 × 100 m medley relay;
* 2006 World Short-Course Championships - 3rd 4 × 100 m medley relay;
* 2006 Asian Games - 1st 100m fly/4 × 100 m medley relay;
* 2007 World Military Games - 1st 50m fly/100m fly/4 × 100 m free relay/4 × 100 m medley relay;
* 2008 Beijing Olympics - 3rd 4 × 100 m medley relay;
* 2009 World Aquatics Championships - 2nd 50m butterfly

## Records

* 2003 World Championships - 26.71, 50m fly (AR);
* 2006 National Championships - 26.30, 50m fly (AR)/58.32 100m fly (AR);
* 2006 National Championships - 2007 World Championships - 58.20, 100m fly (AR)

## Personal life

Zhou Yafei married basketball player Mo Ke in 2012.
# Wu Yanan (handballer)

Wu Yanan (simplified Chinese: 吴亚楠; traditional Chinese: 吳亞楠; pinyin: Wú Yànán; born September 14, 1981, in Zhangjiakou, Hebei) is a female Chinese handball player who competed at the 2004 Summer Olympics.
In 2004, she finished eighth with the Chinese team in the women's competition. She played all seven matches and scored 16 goals.
# Wu Wenjuan

Wu Wenjuan (born 1981) is a Chinese team handball player. Playing on the Chinese national team, she competed at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, where China placed sixth.
# Xia Lina

Xia Lina (Chinese: 夏丽娜; born October 26, 1987, in Harbin) is a Chinese female alpine ski racer.
She competed for China at the 2010 Winter Olympics in the Slalom and Giant Slalom events. She then competed in the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi where she finished 66th in the Giant Slalom.
# Xin Xin

Xin Xin (Chinese: 辛鑫; pinyin: Xīn Xīn; born 6 November 1996) is a Chinese swimmer. She competed for China at the 2012 Summer Olympics.
At the 2016 Summer Olympics, she finished 4th in the 10 km marathon.
# Delphyne Peretto

Delphyne Peretto (born February 9, 1982, in Albertville, Savoie) is a former French biathlete. She was on the bronze-winning relay team in the 2006 Winter Olympics.
Peretto retired at the end of the 2007-08 season.
# Annabelle Euranie

Annabelle Euranie (born 4 September 1982 in Gonesse, France) is a French judoka who competed at the 2004 Summer Olympics in the women's half-lightweight division.
# Fanjanteino Félix

Fanjanteino Félix (née Rakotomalala; born 26 January 1980) is a French middle distance runner. She originally competed for Madagascar and remains the country's national indoor record holder over 800 metres and 1500 metres. She competed in the heats of the 800 m at the 2008 IAAF World Indoor Championships. She was seventh in the 1500 m at the 2009 Mediterranean Games, and just missed out on a medal at the 2009 Jeux de la Francophonie taking fourth in the 800 m.
She set a personal best over 800 m at the Notturna di Milano meeting in September 2010, where she finished third in a time of 2:00.18 minutes.
Winner of the Indoor National 800m and 1500m Championships in 2010, she was selected for France to attend the 2010 World Indoor Championships.

## Achievements

| Year | Competition | Venue | Position | Event | Notes |
| Representing France ||||||
| 2009 | Mediterranean Games | Pescara, Italy | 7th | 1500 m | 4:15.96 |
| 2009 | Jeux de la Francophonie | Beirut, Lebanon | 4th | 800 m | 2:03.49 |
| 2009 | Jeux de la Francophonie | Beirut, Lebanon | 4th | 4 × 400 m relay | 3:39.09 |
| 2010 | World Indoor Championships | Doha, Qatar | 10th (h) | 1500 m | 4:14.62 |
| 2010 | European Championships | Barcelona, Spain | 8th | 1500 m | 4:04.16 |
| 2011 | European Indoor Championships | Paris, France | 16th (h) | 1500 m | 4:13.31 |

### National

* French Athletic Championships :
** winner of 800 m in 2008, of 1,500 m in 2010. winner of 1,500 m Indoors in 2010.

### Personal Bests

| Event | Performance | Location | Date |
| 800 m (Indoors) | 2 min 04 s 48 | Bordeaux | 29 January 2011 |
| 800 m (Outdoors) | 2 min 00 s 18 | Milan | 9 September 2010 |
| 1,500 m (Indoors) | 4 min 08 s 76 | Stuttgart | 5 February 2011 |
| 1,500 m (Outdoors) | 4 min 01 s 17 | Paris | 16 July 2010 |
# Albert Rose (physicist)

Albert Rose (30 March 1910 – 26 July 1990) was an American physicist, who made major contributions to TV video camera tubes such as the orthicon, image orthicon, and vidicon.
According to the New York Times, Albert Rose is credited as the father of the orthicon television camera tube, which was developed during World War II, and then later was an integral part of all early television broadcasts.

## Biography

He received an A.B. degree and a Ph.D. degree in physics from Cornell University in 1931 and 1935, respectively. He joined RCA, where was active in the development of TV camera tubes.
Rose was an expert on photoconductivity. He wrote a book Concepts in photoconductivity and allied problems, which was published by John Wiley & Sons, New York, in 1963.
He also did research on the visibility of objects in a noisy signal, such as from TV tubes. He found that humans could distinguish small objects in noisy images at near 100% accuracy if the object brightness differed from the background by at least 5 times the noise standard deviation; this signal-to-noise relationship is known as the Rose criterion.
Rose also originated the concept of detective quantum efficiency, today widely used in optical and X-ray imaging.
He died in 1990.

## US patents

* U.S. patent 4,139,796 Photoconductor for imaging devices
* U.S. patent 3,952,222 Pickup tube target
* U.S. patent 3,934,180 Method of reproducing an electrostatic charge pattern in intensified form

## Honors and awards

* Member, National Academy of Engineering in 1975
* IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) Edison Medal in 1979
* IEEE Morris N. Liebmann Award
* SMPTE (Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers) David Sarnoff Gold Medal Award
* Fellow, IEEE
* Fellow, American Physical Society
# The Case of Itaewon Homicide

The Case of Itaewon Homicide (Korean: 이태원 살인사건; RR: Itaewon Sarinsageon) is a 2009 South Korean crime thriller film, based on the true story of the Itaewon murder case, which shocked Korea when Hongik college student Cho Jung-Pil was found dead at an Itaewon Burger King in 1997. The murder was investigated in 1997 by CID Agents J. Choi, D. Zeliff, T. Barnes and B. Crow. Two troubled U.S. teenagers—Arthur Patterson (the son of a former U.S. Army officer and Korean mother) and Edward Lee—became suspects and were convicted. Patterson was released a year later in a special amnesty and Lee was freed a year after that due to lack of evidence. The case never resulted in further convictions. It stars Jang Keun-suk as Arthur Patterson and Jung Jin-young as his lawyer. Song Joong-ki played the victim. The film had 531,068 admissions in South Korea nationwide.

## Cast

* Jung Jin-young as Prosecutor Park
* Jang Keun-suk as Robert J. Pearson (Arthur Patterson)
* Shin Seung-hwan as Alex "AJ" Jung (Edward Lee)
* Oh Kwang-rok as Attorney Kim Byeon
* Ko Chang-seok as Alex's father
* Song Joong-ki as Cho Jung-Pil (murder victim)
* Josh Carrott as David
* Park Soo-young as Chief Choi
* Kim Jung-ki as Judge
* Jung Woon-sun as Jung-Pil's elder sister
* Choi Il-hwa as Jung-Pil's father
* Kim Min-kyung as Jung-Pil's mother
* Song Young-chang
* Jo Seung-eun
* Park Jin-young as Attorney Jang
* Jin Kyung as Prosecutor Park's wife

## Extradition of Arthur Patterson

With renewed public attention after the movie release, public prosecutors in South Korea reopened the case after discovering DNA evidence purported to show Patterson as the murderer. Edward Lee had previously testified to Patterson being the murderer during the first trial. Patterson was re-arrested by U.S. authorities in May 2011 and went before a court hearing in California concerning extradition to Korea for a new trial. Arthur Patterson's extradition to South Korea was approved and culminated with his arrival at Incheon International Airport, Sep. 2015.
Murder Trial and Conviction
During the four-month trial, Patterson repeatedly claimed that he was innocent and accused Lee of having killed Cho. Lee testified as a witness saying that he clearly saw Patterson turn to Cho to stab him. In January 2016, the prosecution sought a 20-year prison term for Patterson, which under Korean law is the maximum sentence able to be handed down to suspects aged 18 or less at the time of their crime. On January 28, 2016, Patterson was found guilty of the stabbing of the victim, Cho Jung-Pil, and was sentenced to 20 years behind bars. Patterson and his lawyers have said they plan to appeal the verdict.
Appeals
On Monday, February 1, 2016, local officials in Seoul, South Korea, informed the public that Arthur Patterson lodged an appeal with a higher court. Patterson is still adamantly denying the charges and continues to blame Lee for the stabbing death of Cho Joong-Pil. The appeal will deal with issues such as evidence accepted by the court and its legitimacy, and possible mistakes in the application of law.
# Chloe McConville

Chloe McConville (born 1 October 1987) is an Australian professional racing cyclist. She rides for the Orica–AIS team. Before becoming a cyclist, McConville was a cross-country skier, racing for the Australian national team from 2002 to 2009, and competed at the 2006 FIS Nordic Junior World Ski Championships and the 2007 Winter Universiade. She originally took up cycling at the age of twenty as a form of cross-training. She has a bachelor's degree in physiotherapy from the University of Melbourne.
# Joel Puckett

Joel Puckett (born in 1977 in Atlanta, Georgia) is an American composer. Joel completed his academic work at the University of Michigan, earning both a Masters of Music and a Doctorate of Musical Arts. His teachers include Michael Daugherty, William Bolcom, Bright Sheng, Will Averitt, and Thomas Albert.
The September 11th tribute This Mourning—one of his most notable works—was commissioned by the Washington Chorus and is scored for 250 singers, full orchestra and a consort of 40 crystal glasses. This premiere took place at the main stage of the Kennedy Center in Washington D.C. in late November 2006. Among his other notable pieces is his concerto for flute, flute choir, and wind ensemble The Shadow of Sirius, which was written to commemorate the loss of his child through miscarriage.
Puckett is a Professor of Music Theory and Composition and serves as Chair of Music Theory, Ear Training and Piano Skills at the Peabody Conservatory of Johns Hopkins University. Previously he taught at Shenandoah University and Towson University. Puckett also served a term as the composer-in-residence for the Chicago Youth Symphony Orchestras.
His first opera, The Fix, was premiered by Minnesota Opera in March 2019. It received wildly mixed reviews ranging from raves, such as from Parterre Box, to pans, such as in the Wall Street Journal.
# Jessica Turnbull

Jessica Turnbull (born 23 June 1995) is an Australian female squash player. She earned her career best ranking of 69 in July 2018. Jessica was also part of the 2017 PSA World Tour.
# Katrina Wright

Katrina Wright (born 1981) is an Australian international lawn bowler.
Wright made her Australian debut in 2004 and won the silver medal in the triples at the 2004 World Outdoor Bowls Championship.