# Bubalus

Bubalus is a genus of Asiatic bovines that was proposed by Charles Hamilton Smith in 1827. Bubalus and Syncerus form the subtribe Bubalina, the true buffaloes.
The International Code of Zoological Nomenclature and classification of domestic animals as species, subspecies, races or breeds has been discussed controversially for many years and was inconsistent between authors. Assessors of the Food and Agriculture Organization consider domestic water buffalo populations as breeds.
Bubalus species comprise the domestic water buffalo (B. bubalis), the wild water buffalo (B. arnee), the tamaraw (B. mindorensis), the lowland anoa (B. depressicornis), and the mountain anoa (B. quarlesi). The latter two anoa species were proposed to form a subgenus Anoa within Bubalus.

## Characteristics

Smith described Bubalus as low in proportion to the bulk with very solid limbs, a small dewlap and a long, slender tail; the head is large with a strong convex-shaped narrow forehead, large eyes and funnel-shaped ears; horns are lying flat or bending laterally with a certain direction to the rear; the female udder has four mammae. Lydekker added that the line of back is nearly straight with 13 pairs of ribs; the tail is tufted and reaching about to the hocks; the horns are more or less markedly triangular for the greater part of their length and situated low down on the skull; the muzzle is broad, and the hair sparse in adults.

## Species

This genus comprises the following living species:
| Scientific name | Distribution |
| Domestic water buffalo B. bubalis Linnaeus, 1758 | Domestic in the Indian subcontinent, Southeast Asia, and China; feral populations exist in South America and Australia |
| Wild water buffalo B. arnee Kerr, 1792 | Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia |
| Lowland anoa B. depressicornis Smith, 1827 | Sulawesi in Indonesia |
| Tamaraw B. mindorensis Heude, 1888 | Mindoro in the Philippines |
| Mountain anoa B. quarlesi Ouwens, 1910 | Sulawesi |

### Valid names

The 2013 checklist of the Catalogue of Life lists as "accepted" five species binomina in the genus Bubalus:
* Bubalus bubalis Linnaeus, 1758
* Bubalus depressicornis Smith, 1827
* Bubalus mephistopheles Hopwood, 1925
* Bubalus mindorensis Heude, 1888
* Bubalus quarlesi Ouwens, 1910
Bubalus arnee is not listed here.
The Integrated Taxonomic Information System lists the same five species binomina as valid; it also lists as valid six subspecies of Bubalus bubalis:
* Bubalus bubalis arnee Kerr, 1792
* Bubalus bubalis bubalis Linnaeus, 1758
* Bubalus bubalis fulvus Blanford, 1891
* Bubalus bubalis kerabau Fitzinger, 1860
* Bubalus bubalis migona Deraniyagala, 1952
* Bubalus bubalis theerapati Groves, 1996

### Fossil species

The following extinct fossil species have been described:
* Bubalus brevicornis - Young, 1936
* Bubalus cebuensis (Cebu tamaraw) - Croft, Heaney, Flynn and Bautista, 2006
* Bubalus fudi - Guo, 2008 - (possibly a subspecies of Bubalus wansijocki)
* Bubalus grovesi - Rozzi, 2017
* Bubalus mephistopheles (Short-horned water buffalo) - Hopwood, 1925
* Bubalus murrensis (European water buffalo) - Berckhemer, 1927
* Bubalus palaeokerabau (Long-horned Javan water buffalo) - E. Dubois, 1908
* Bubalus platyceros - Lydekker, 1877
* Bubalus teilhardi - Young, 1932
* Bubalus wansijocki - Chardin, 1928
* Bubalus youngi - Chow and Hsu, 1957