# Leora Tanenbaum

Leora Tanenbaum is an American feminist author and editor known for her writing about girls' and women's lives. She is credited with coining the term "slut-bashing" in her 1999 book Slut!: Growing Up Female With a Bad Reputation; the concept has since been mostly known as "slut-shaming."

## Career

Tanenbaum came to public attention with the publication of her 1999 book Slut!: Growing Up Female With a Bad Reputation. In it, she addresses the use of the word "slut" as a "pejorative, gender-specific noun" usually applied only to women, while words for promiscuous men (e.g. "Casanova", "ladies man", etc.) are generally more approving. The book relates the effect that this double-standard has on girls and women, from the 1950s through the 1990s. In writing it, Tanenbaum drew on her own experiences as a teenager, as well as on interviews with 50 girls and women who had all been labeled as "sluts" in their communities. She found that most of them were not sexually active, but that such name-calling was commonly used as a form of bullying. She reports on a 1993 poll that found that 42 percent of girls "have had sexual rumors spread about them" and said that school systems need to do more to combat this form of harassment. In the book, she coined the phrase "slut-bashing," which she used to describe a "specific form of student-to-student verbal sexual harassment in which a... girl is bullied because of her perceived or actual sexual behavior."
In 2002, Tanenbaum turned to the topic of competition and aggression between women in her book Catfight: Rivalries Among Women: From Diets to Dating, From the Boardroom to the Delivery Room. The book draws on academic research, journalistic reporting, fieldwork, and personal experience. It argues that competition between women arises from and perpetuates gender inequality, and that "competing with other women for limited resources and advantages is one of women's few viable options." Reviewer Andi Zeisler noted that the book was one of several on relational aggression between women that came out the same year, citing also Rachel Simmons' Odd Girl Out, Phyllis Chesler's Woman's Inhumanity to Woman and Emily White's Fast Girls.
Tanenbaum returned to the topic of slut-shaming with her 2015 book I Am Not a Slut: Slut-Shaming in the Age of the Internet. As with Slut!, the book is based on interviews; Tanenbaum's sample for I Am Not a Slut were 55 girls and women, aged 14 to 22 who either had used the word "slut" against others, or who had been the targets of the word. In the book, she describes the tension women and girls experience so as not to be either a "prude" or a "slut", neither too sexual nor insufficiently sexual. Some women see reclaiming the word "slut" as a way of owning their own sexuality, but Tanenbaum argues that the word "slut" is "too dangerous to be reclaimed," and fears that "mass reclamation will trigger a terrible backlash against women."
In her 2009 book Taking Back God: American Women Rising Up for Religious Equality, Tanenbaum writes about women "who are deeply committed to their traditions yet unhappy with limitations placed on women within them," based on interviews with 95 women from five major faith traditions.$^{:28}$ She identifies four goals shared by a majority of her respondents: for women to have leadership roles in their faith communities, for the language of the liturgy to reflect women's presence, for recognition that women's bodies are "normal and not aberrant", and for women to be recognized as created in the image of God.$^{:28}$
In 2019, Tanenbaum launched an Instagram project, @BeingDressCoded, that explores the intersection of slut-shaming and dress codes. She has said that she wanted to "create a space in which we don’t just observe individual stories about dress codes but can look for patterns and learn from a larger, collective story about sexism and sexual objectification."
Tanenbaum is the editor-in-chief at the non-profit organization Catalyst, and has previously worked in communications for Planned Parenthood. She is also a member of the Pembroke Center Associates Council, the governing body for the Pembroke Center for Teaching and Research on Women at Brown University. She has been a contributing writer for, among other publications, Ms., Teen Vogue, Time, and The New York Times.

## Personal life

Tanenbaum has described herself as "committed to observant Judaism." Although she attends an Orthodox Jewish synagogue, she does not identify as an Orthodox Jew "because Orthodoxy withholds equality from women and gays and lesbians." She has two sons.

## Works
### Books

* Slut! : Growing Up Female With a Bad Reputation (1999)
* Catfight: Rivalries Among Women: From Diets to Dating, From the Boardroom to the Delivery Room (2002)
* Taking Back God : American Women Rising Up for Religious Equality (2009)
* Bad Shoes and the Women Who Love Them (2010)
* I Am Not a Slut: Slut-Shaming in the Age of the Internet (2015)