OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Eric Manvers Shooter

Eric Manvers Shooter (born 18 April 1924 in Nottinghamshire, England; died 21 March 2018) was an English scientist known for investigating the biochemistry of nerve growth factor (NGF). From 1961 onwards he was affiliated with Stanford University School of Medicine, where he was founding chairman of the Department of Neurobiology (1975–1987).

## Biography

Shooter attended the University of Cambridge, earning bachelor's (1945) and doctoral (1949) degrees in chemistry. After a brief postdoctoral fellowship at the University of Wisconsin, and having made some notable discoveries about the genetics of haemoglobin while a lecturer at University College London, he moved to the Department of Biochemistry at Stanford as a research fellow in 1961. He was subsequently appointed associate professor of genetics (1963) and professor of biochemistry (1968), and chaired the school's doctoral program in neurosciences from 1972 until 1982. He chaired the Department of Neurobiology from its inception in 1975 until 1987. In 1988 he co-founded the New York-based biotechnology company Regeneron Pharmaceuticals. His research group continued to be productive until his retirement in 2004.

## Research

Shooter was acknowledged for his work on neurotrophins — proteins that induce the differentiation and survival of nerve cells. At the suggestion of Joshua Lederberg he spent three years intensively studying the structure and mechanisms of the canonical neurotrophin NGF. He also characterized the PMP22 gene in mice, defects in which cause the myelin sheath that protects nerve cells to break down in a way that resembles human neurological diseases called demyelinating peripheral neuropathies. These discoveries provided part of the foundation for understanding how nerves repair themselves. His group remained productive into the early 2000s with the discovery that the neurotrophin BDNF enhances myelin formation.

## Awards and honours

Shooter was awarded two international prizes jointly with the Swiss neuroscientist Hans Thoenen: the Ralph W. Gerard Prize in Neuroscience of the Society for Neuroscience (1995) and the Bristol-Myers Squibb Award for Distinguished Achievement in Neuroscience Research (1997). He was elected to the Royal Society in 1988, and was a member of the National Academy of Sciences, the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and the American Philosophical Society. Notwithstanding these personal achievements, he took the greatest satisfaction from the success of his students and postdoctoral trainees.

## Philanthropy

In 2014 he endowed the Shooter Family Professorship at Stanford, currently held by the chair of neurobiology Thomas Clandinin.
# PEOPLEnet Cup

The PEOPLEnet Cup was a professional tennis tournament played on indoor hard courts. It was part of the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) Challenger Tour. It was held annually in Dnipropetrovsk, Ukraine, from 2003 till 2008.

## Past finals
### Singles

| Year | Champion | Runner-up | Score |
| 2008 | Fabrice Santoro | Victor Hanescu | 6–2, 6–3 |
| 2007 | Mischa Zverev | Dmitry Tursunov | 6–4, 6–4 |
| 2006 | Dmitry Tursunov | Benjamin Becker | 7–6(7), 6–4 |
| 2005 | Dick Norman | Raemon Sluiter | 7–6(2), 6–7(2), 6–3 |
| 2004 | Andrei Pavel | Karol Kucera | walkover |
| 2003 | Irakli Labadze | Harel Levy | 6–3, 3–6, 6–1 |

### Doubles

| Year | Champions | Runners-up | Score |
| 2008 | Guillermo Canas Dmitry Tursunov | Lukasz Kubot Oliver Marach | 6–3, 7–6(5) |
| 2007 | Christopher Kas Lovro Zovko | Rohan Bopanna Chris Haggard | 7–6(5), 6–2 |
| 2006 | Sergiy Stakhovsky Orest Tereshchuk | Marco Chiudinelli Lovro Zovko | 6–4, 6–0 |
| 2005 | Lukas Dlouhy David Skoch | Tomas Cibulec Lovro Zovko | 7–5, 6–4 |
| 2004 | Karol Beck Jaroslav Levinsky | Andrei Pavel Gabriel Trifu | 6–7(4), 7–6(4), 7–6(2) |
| 2003 | Jonathan Erlich Harel Levy | Simon Aspelin Johan Landsberg | 6–4, 6–3 |
# Kapıkulu

Kapıkulu (Ottoman Turkish: قپوقولی اوجاغی, Kapıkulu Ocağı, "Slaves of the Sublime Porte") was the collective name for the household division of the Ottoman Sultans. They included the Janissary infantry corps as well as the Six Divisions of Cavalry. Unlike provincial levies such as the timariots and irregular forces (levend), the kapıkulu were professional, standing troops, mostly drawn through the devshirme system. They formed the backbone of the military of the Ottoman Empire during its "classical period", from the 15th century until the Auspicious Incident of 15 June 1826 that led to the abolition of the kapıkulu during the Tanzimat.
# Kent Brantly

Kent Brantly is an American doctor with the medical mission group Samaritan's Purse. While treating Ebola patients in Liberia, he contracted the virus. He became the first American to return to the United States to be treated for the disease.

## Life

Brantly was born in Indianapolis, the youngest of six children to Jim and Jan Brantly. He is married to Amber Brantly, and they have two children.
Brantly attended Abilene Christian University in Texas, where he earned an undergraduate degree in biblical text in 2003. It was here, at ACU, where he pledged Pi Kappa, a men's social club founded on a deep sense of Christian brotherhood, regardless of which denomination that member belonged to. After leaving ACU, he earned his medical degree from Indiana University School of Medicine (within Indiana University – Purdue University Indianapolis) in 2009 and completed his family medicine residency and fellowship in maternal child health at John Peter Smith Hospital in Fort Worth, Texas.
Brantly and his wife served as medical missionaries in Monrovia, Liberia, with World Medical Mission, the medical arm of Samaritan's Purse. After contracting the Ebola virus in summer 2014, he was evacuated to Emory University Hospital in Atlanta, Georgia, where he recovered and was later reunited with his family. He now serves as the medical missions advisor for Samaritan's Purse and lives with his family in Texas.
Brantly's first public speaking engagement after his release from Emory hospital was on October 10, 2014, at his alma mater, Abilene Christian University. In September 2014, he testified at a joint Senate hearing on the Ebola crisis in West Africa and met privately with President Barack Obama at the White House. That month he donated his plasma three times to American Ebola patients.
In 2014, he, along with other medical professionals involved in treating Ebola patients, became Time magazine's Person of the Year.
In 2015 Brantly gave the invocation at the National Prayer Breakfast attended by President Obama and First Lady Michelle Obama.
On July 21, 2015, the Brantlys released a book written with biographer David Thomas titled Called for Life: How Loving Our Neighbor Led Us Into the Heart of the Ebola Epidemic published by WaterBrook Press.
After surviving Ebola, Brantly made the decision to return to Africa for medical missions in 2019. Brantly gave a brief statement of why he decided to return despite his near-death situation of contracting Ebola. Brantly stated:
   “It’s been five years of emotional healing and spiritual healing and growth,” the doctor, 38, told The Christian Chronicle in an interview at the Southside Church of Christ in Fort Worth, his family’s home congregation for much of the last decade. “I think we’ve grown and been equipped in ways during this five years that we were not before we went to Liberia.”
# 1928 Ottawa municipal election

The city of Ottawa, Canada held municipal elections on December 3, 1928 to elect members of the 1929 Ottawa City Council.

## Mayor of Ottawa

Incumbent mayor Arthur Ellis was re-elected without opposition.
| Candidate | Votes | % |
| Arthur Ellis | Acclaimed | Acclaimed |

## Plebiscites

Property owners voted in favour of improving water supply in the city which would involve allowing the city to spend $1,315,000 for a water filtration system.
Water filtration :
| Choice | Votes | % |
| Yes | 7,323 | 81.28 |
| No | 1,687 | 18.72 |
City residents voted in favour to continue using daylight saving time in the city.
Daylight saving :
| Choice | Votes | % |
| Yes | 14,506 | 59.49 |
| No | 9,877 | 40.51 |

## Ottawa Board of Control

(4 elected)
| Candidate | Votes | % |
| Frank H. Plant | 16,540 | 23.31 |
| Charles J. Tulley | 12,024 | 16.94 |
| Frank LaFortune | 11,226 | 15.82 |
| Gerald Sims | 10,781 | 15.19 |
| Harold D. McCormick | 9,610 | 13.54 |
| George H. Dunbar | 8,711 | 12.28 |
| Alex Leckie | 1,141 | 1.61 |
| James Ryan | 929 | 1.31 |

## Ottawa City Council

(2 elected from each ward)
Rideau Ward :
| Candidate | Votes | % |
| Rod Plant | 636 | 28.35 |
| Tom Brethour | 580 | 25.86 |
| W. Cherry | 435 | 19.39 |
| R. Ingram | 371 | 16.54 |
| A. Ackland | 221 | 9.85 |
By Ward :
| Candidate | Votes | % |
| A. W. (Fred) Desjardins | 1,240 | 36.02 |
| Eric Query | 1,239 | 35.99 |
| J. A. Parisien | 964 | 28.00 |
St. George Ward :
| Candidate | Votes | % |
| Norman H. MacDonald | 1,474 | 31.77 |
| T. E. Dansereau | 1,470 | 31.69 |
| Walter Cunningham | 1,267 | 27.31 |
| J. M. Dugas | 428 | 9.23 |
Wellington Ward :
| Candidate | Votes | % |
| James W. McNabb | Acclaimed | Acclaimed |
| J. Edward McVeigh | Acclaimed | Acclaimed |
Capital Ward :
| Candidate | Votes | % |
| John Warren York | 3,514 | 37.30 |
| George Pushman | 2,533 | 26.88 |
| George Sloan | 2,152 | 22.84 |
| Dr. W. T. Mackinnon | 1,223 | 12.98 |
Dalhousie Ward :
| Candidate | Votes | % |
| Sam Crooks | 2,871 | 37.09 |
| Jim Forward | 2,517 | 32.52 |
| J. F. Meagher | 2,352 | 30.39 |
Victoria Ward :
| Candidate | Votes | % |
| Ernest Laroche | 1,280 | 40.20 |
| Nelson J. Lacasse | 1,175 | 36.90 |
| John R. Welch | 831 | 21.01 |
| Harry Scales | 729 | 22.90 |
Ottawa Ward :
| Candidate | Votes | % |
| Aristide Belanger | 1,614 | 39.74 |
| J. A. Pinard | 1,103 | 27.16 |
| Joseph Landriault | 968 | 23.84 |
| J. Whelan | 376 | 9.26 |
Central Ward :
| Candidate | Votes | % |
| Dr. G. M. Geldert | 1,902 | 37.37 |
| William R. Low | 1,647 | 32.36 |
| J. E. Stanley Lewis | 1,540 | 30.26 |
# John Beveridge (rower)

John Beveridge (1936 – 2016), was a male rower who competed for England.

## Rowing career

He represented England and won a gold medal in the coxless four and a bronze medal in the eights at the 1962 British Empire and Commonwealth Games in Perth, Western Australia.
He crewed for the Molesey Boat Club.
# Brigitte Gothière

Brigitte Gothière (born 18 May 1973) is a French animal rights and veganism activist. She is the director and spokesperson of the animal rights organization L214, which she co-founded with her husband Sébastien Arsac. Gothière was also the editor of the antispeciesist journal Cahiers antispécistes from 1998 to 2019.

## Life and career

Gothière was born on 18 May 1973. Her mother was a nurse and her father, an electrical engineer. She studied mathematics and electronics in higher education. In 1993, when she was a student, she decided to stop eating meat, as well as any animal products. After graduation, she taught at a vocational high school and, after moving to Lyon, taught applied physics.
Gothière married fellow animal rights activist Sébastien Arsac in 1996. The couple met in high school. They have two children, who are also vegan. In 1998, along with her husband, she became an editor of the antispeciesist journal Cahiers antispécistes. She remained the editor until its final publication in 2019.
In 2003, alongside a few other activists, she launched the grassroots campaign "Stop Gavage", which fought against the force-feeding of geese and ducks. In 2008, she and her husband established the animal rights association L214, which raises awareness of animal rights by disseminating shocking images of slaughterhouses. Gothière is its spokesperson and director. She has argued that "only a vegan society would amount to success", but that small steps are progress.
# List of regions of Tunisia by Human Development Index

This is a list of regions of Tunisia by Human Development Index as of 2022.
| Rank | Region (Governorate) | HDI (2022) |
| High human development |||
| 1 | Grand Tunis (Tunis, Ariana, Ben Arous, Manouba) | 0.777 |
| – | Tunisia | 0.732 |
| 2 | Sud Est (Gabes, Medinine, Tataouine) | 0.730 |
| 3 | Centre Est (Sousse, Monastir, Mahdia, Sfax) | 0.730 |
| 4 | Sud Ouest (Gafsa, Tozeur, Kebili) | 0.726 |
| 5 | Nord Est (Nabeul, Zaghouan, Bizerte) | 0.719 |
| 6 | Nord Ouest (Beja, Jendouba, Kef, Siliana) | 0.707 |
| Medium human development |||
| 7 | Centre Ouest (Kairouan, Kasserine, Sidi Bouzid) | 0.668 |
# Joan Kingston

Joan Margaret Kingston (born January 8, 1955) is a Canadian nurse, teacher and politician. She has served as a senator from New Brunswick since October 2023. She previously represented New Maryland in the Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick as a Liberal member from 1995 to 1999.
She was born in Sussex, New Brunswick, and educated at the University of New Brunswick. She was president of the Nurses Association of New Brunswick and an instructor at the University of New Brunswick. Kingston served in the province's Executive Council as Minister of the Environment and Minister of Labour. She was defeated in the 1999 general election. Kingston is currently employed in the Office of the Premier of New Brunswick.
On October 31, 2023, she was summoned to the Senate of Canada by Governor General Mary Simon, on the advice of prime minister Justin Trudeau.
# Javi Cantero

Javier 'Javi' Cantero de la Puente (born 22 January 1988) is a Spanish footballer who plays as a left back.

## Club career

Born in Granada, Andalusia, Cantero graduated from RCD Espanyol's youth academy, and made his senior debut with the reserves in the 2007–08 season, in Segunda División B. On 22 July 2009 he signed for Atlético Madrid, but again featured solely for the B-team also in the third level.
On 6 August 2012, Cantero moved to fellow league side Real Oviedo. After featuring regularly for the Asturians during his only season, he moved abroad for the first time, joining Cyprus' Enosis Neon Paralimni FC.
Cantero returned to Spain on 23 July 2014, signing for Segunda División club CD Mirandés. He played his first match as a professional on 24 August, featuring 90 minutes in the 0–0 home draw against CD Lugo. He scored his only league goal the following 16 May, but in a 2–3 home loss to FC Barcelona B.
Released in June 2016, Cantero subsequently joined Recreativo de Huelva.
# Geomatics Institute of Technology

Geomatic Institute of Technology (Nepali: जियोमेटिक इंस्टीटयूट अफ टेक्नोलोजी) is a private engineering college in Nepal, established in 2004 with the aim of teaching engineering skills and knowledge related to surveying and land management. It is the first and only dedicated college in Nepal for geomatics engineering studies. GIT is an alternative to Paschimanchal Campus of Tribhuvan University.
The Himalayan College of Geomatics Engineering and Land Management is affiliated to Purbanchal University.

## Selection criteria

The following are the criteria for admission to the Bachelor in Geomatics Engineering course at Geomatics Institute of Technology:
* Applicants should have passed +2 or ISc or Diploma in Surveying or any other engineering field.
* Applicants should have passed entrance exam taken by University.

## Scholarship

Scholarships are provided to 10% of students in each class depending on various criteria set by the institute. Due to a lack of admissions and hectic course in PU around half of the seats remain vacant in each batch at GIT.

## Courses offered

Geomatics Institute of Technology provides a four-year bachelor's course in Geomatics Engineering and has affiliation for 40 seats per year. The Bachelor of Engineering in Geomatic Engineering at Purbanchal University is a comprehensive four-year program divided into eight semesters. Currently 48 seats are offered for each batch.
# The Missy Higgins EP

The Missy Higgins EP is the debut extended play (EP) of Australian indie pop singer-songwriter Missy Higgins. It was recorded in the United States after Higgins had supported Australian bands the Waifs and george on their 2003 national tours. The EP was released in Australia on 20 October 2003 and took until August 2004 to peak at number 49 on the Australian Singles Chart, after her number-one single "Scar" had been released.

## Track listing

Australian CD EP
* "Greed for Your Love" – 4:08
* "Falling" – 4:18
* "All for Believing" – 3:06
* "The Special Two" – 4:23

## Chart performance

The Missy Higgins EP debuted at number 65 on the ARIA Singles Chart in October 2003 but did not reach its peak of number 49 until 9 August 2004—the same week her debut single, "Scar", topped the same chart.

### Weekly charts

| Chart (2003–2004) | Peak position |
| Australia (ARIA) | 49 |

## Release history

| Region | Date | Format(s) | Label | Ref. |
| Australia | 20 October 2003 (2003-10-20) | CD | Eleven: A Music Company | |
# 2011 European Canoe Slalom Championships

The 2011 European Canoe Slalom Championships took place in La Seu d'Urgell, Catalonia, Spain between June 9 and June 12, 2011 under the auspices of the European Canoe Association (ECA). It was the 12th edition. The races were held in Parc Olímpic del Segre which is known for hosting the canoe slalom events of the 1992 Summer Olympics.

## Medal summary
### Men's results
#### Canoe

| Event | Gold | Points | Silver | Points | Bronze | Points |
| C1 | Tony Estanguet (FRA) | 99.48 | Alexander Slafkovský (SVK) | 100.00 | Denis Gargaud Chanut (FRA) | 100.14 |
| C1 team | France Tony Estanguet Denis Gargaud Chanut Nicolas Peschier | 110.28 | Germany Nico Bettge Jan Benzien Sideris Tasiadis | 112.30 | Czech Republic Stanislav Ježek Vítězslav Gebas Tomáš Indruch | 113.79 |
| C2 | Slovakia Pavol Hochschorner Peter Hochschorner | 107.05 | France Pierre Labarelle Nicolas Peschier | 107.65 | Slovakia Ladislav Škantár Peter Škantár | 108.61 |
| C2 team | Czech Republic Lukáš Přinda & Jan Havlíček Tomáš Koplík & Jakub Vrzáň Václav Hradilek & Štěpán Sehnal | 123.20 | Germany Marcus Becker & Stefan Henze David Schröder & Frank Henze Kai Müller & Kevin Müller | 124.05 | Slovakia Pavol Hochschorner & Peter Hochschorner Tomáš Kučera & Ján Bátik Ladislav Škantár & Peter Škantár | 124.24 |

#### Kayak

| Event | Gold | Points | Silver | Points | Bronze | Points |
| K1 | Daniele Molmenti (ITA) | 93.93 | Samuel Hernanz (ESP) | 94.83 | Jiří Prskavec (CZE) | 95.41 |
| K1 team | Slovenia Peter Kauzer Jure Meglič Simon Brus | 106.15 | Poland Mateusz Polaczyk Grzegorz Polaczyk Dariusz Popiela | 106.53 | France Fabien Lefèvre Boris Neveu Vivien Colober | 106.79 |

### Women's results
#### Canoe

| Event | Gold | Points | Silver | Points | Bronze | Points |
| C1 | Caroline Loir (FRA) | 127.65 | Mira Louen (GER) | 127.98 | Lena Stöcklin (GER) | 132.67 |

#### Kayak

| Event | Gold | Points | Silver | Points | Bronze | Points |
| K1 | Claudia Bär (GER) | 105.26 | Jana Dukátová (SVK) | 105.43 | Lizzie Neave (GBR) | 106.76 |
| K1 team | Czech Republic Kateřina Kudějová Štěpánka Hilgertová Irena Pavelková | 122.05 | Austria Corinna Kuhnle Violetta Oblinger-Peters Viktoria Wolffhardt | 122.87 | Slovakia Jana Dukátová Elena Kaliská Dana Mann | 125.43 |

## Medal table

| Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
| 1 | France (FRA) | 3 | 1 | 2 | 6 |
| 2 | Czech Republic (CZE) | 2 | 0 | 2 | 4 |
| 3 | Germany (GER) | 1 | 3 | 1 | 5 |
| 4 | Slovakia (SVK) | 1 | 2 | 3 | 6 |
| 5 | Italy (ITA) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| 5 | Slovenia (SLO) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| 7 | Austria (AUT) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 7 | Poland (POL) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 7 | Spain (ESP) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 10 | Great Britain (GBR) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Totals (10 entries) | Totals (10 entries) | 9 | 9 | 9 | 27 |
# Joaquín Tocornal

Joaquín Tocornal Jiménez (1788–1865) was a Chilean political figure. He served several times as minister, and participated actively in the war of independence in that country.
He was born in Santiago, Chile; the son of Juan Bonifacio de Tocornal and of Narcisa Jiménez Tordesillas; and was an active participant in the Chilean War of Independence, cooperating in the formation of the First Government Junta. He married Micaela Grez, and after her death, Delfina Jordán; with both wives he had descendants.
He was elected a deputy several times, the first time in 1823, always as a member of the conservatives. He was President of the constitutional assembly that approved the Constitution of 1833. With the support of Diego Portales, on May 17, 1832 he was named as Minister of the Interior and Foreign Affairs during the administration of President José Joaquín Prieto. He then became the head of the conservatives, and the fiercest critic of the filopolite group, which was under the leadership of the Finance Minister, Manuel Rengifo. The dispute was solved when Portales was named titular of all the ministries in the administration. He later returned to the government as Finance Minister. After Portales' murder, Tocornal managed to be appointed once more as Minister of the Interior and Foreign Affairs (concurrently) with his position as Finance Minister, thus becoming the most important minister in that administration.
After leaving the government, he participated actively in the creation of the Conservative Party. He also was elected to congress and served as a member until 1843. In 1841 was elected as Director of the Mint, position he held until his death. He died in Santiago, Chile in 1865.
# Globoside

Globosides (also known as globo-series glycosphingolipids) are a sub-class of the lipid class glycosphingolipid with three to nine sugar molecules as the side chain (or R group) of ceramide. The sugars are usually a combination of N-acetylgalactosamine, D-glucose or D-galactose. One characteristic of globosides is that the "core" sugars consists of Glucose-Galactose-Galactose (Ceramide-βGlc4-1βGal4-1αGal), like in the case of the most basic globoside, globotriaosylceramide (Gb3), also known as pk-antigen. Another important characteristic of globosides is that they are neutral at pH 7, because they usually do not contain neuraminic acid, a sugar with an acidic carboxy-group. However, some globosides with the core structure Cer-Glc-Gal-Gal do contain neuraminic acid, e.g. the globo-series glycosphingolipid "SSEA-4-antigen".
The side chain can be cleaved by galactosidases and glucosidases. The deficiency of α-galactosidase A causes Fabry's disease, an inherited metabolic disease characterized by the accumulation of the globoside globotriaosylceramide.

## Globoside-4 (Gb4)

Globoside 4 (Gb4) has been known as the receptor for parvovirus B19, due to observations that B19V binds to the thin-layered chromatogram of the structure. However, the binding on its surface does not match well with the virus, which raised debates on whether or not GB4 is the cause for productive infection. Additional research using the technique Knockout Cell Line has shown that although GB4 does not have the direct entry receptor for B19V, it plays a post-entry role in productive infection.
Globoside 4 (Gb4) are a type of SSEA, stage-specific embryonic antigen, that is present in cellular development and tumorous tissues without the mechanism of Gb4 being completely known. However a study has shown Gb4 directly activates the epidermal growth factor receptor through a ERK signaling. When the globo-series glycosphingolipid (GSL) was reduced in the experiment the ERK signaling from the receptor tyrosine kinase was also inhibited. The ERK was reactivated with the addition of the Gb4 and henceforth heightened proliferation of tumorous cells and opened up the possibility of testing Gb4 for further studies on potential drugs that can target cancerous cells.

## Globoside-5 (Gb5)

Globoside-5 is also known as stage-specific embryonic antigen 3.