OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# John Courtenay of Tremere

John Courtenay (1520/1521 – 1560) of Tremere (now Tremore) in the parish of Lanivet in Cornwall, was a Member of Parliament.

## Origins

He was the third child from Richard Courtenay's second marriage to Jane Boscawen. In his youth he appears to have been attached to Cromwell’s household. In the autumn of 1553, Courtenay used his family's connection with the Lostwithiel constituency to have himself elected the town's junior Member in Mary's first Parliament. In the autumn of 1555, he was elected as a Member for Penryn. He died on 1 March 1560, being buried at Lanivet, where a monument was erected to his memory. He left life interest in the Tremere property to his widow, Elizabeth Trengrove, who later married Thomas Arundell.
He represented Lostwithiel in October 1553, Bodmin in November 1554 and Penryn in 1555.

## Children

* Jane Courtenay
* Alice Courtenay
* Richard Courtenay of Tremere
* Henry Courtenay
* George Courtenay
# Amvrosy Metlinsky

Amvrosy Metlinsky (Russian: Амвросий Метлинский, Ukrainian: Амвросій Метлинський, romanized: Amvrosii Metlynskyi; 1814 in Sary, Poltava Governorate, Russian Empire – 29 July 1870 in Yalta, Taurida Governorate, Russian Empire) was a Ukrainian poet, ethnographer, folklorist and panslavist. Professor at the Imperial University of Kharkov.
Metlinsky was a professor of Russian literature at Kharkov University from 1843 to 1849, and again from 1854 to 1858. From 1849 to 1854 he was a professor at Kiev University. During the 1830s, the city of Kharkov became the center of Ukrainian Romanticism. Metlinsky and other authors such as Izmail Sreznevsky and Nikolay Kostomarov published ethnographic materials, native interpretations of Ukrainian history, and collections of folk legends and Cossack chronicles. In 1839, he published a collection of poetry called Dumky i pisni ta shche deshcho (Thoughts and Songs and Some Other Things) under his pseudonym Amvrosii Mohyla. In 1848, he published an anthology of works by other Kharkiv poets called Iuzhnyi russkii sbornik (Southern Russian Anthology).
Metlinsky's poetry contains his nostalgia for the glories of the Ukrainian Cossack past, which he believed were destined never to return. He described his poetry as "the work of the last bandurist who passes on the song of the past in a dying language". He did not believe in the possibility of a renaissance of the Ukrainian people, which led him to embrace Pan-Slavic unity and to place hope in Russia. His nostalgia prompted him to collect Ukrainian folk songs which he published in 1854. The most part of this collection was previously unpublished.
In his autobiography, Mykhailo Hrushevskyi mentions collections of Ukrainian folk songs published by Metlinsky as works that influenced him.
# Steve Gong

Steve Gong (traditional Chinese: 鞏睿; born June 16, 1985) is a New York-based photojournalist whose work has exposed life in North Korea. His film, Pyongyang Style, was broadcast around the world as undercover photojournalism of the country under Kim Jong-il. The work comes after two American journalists were detained, until former US President Bill Clinton negotiated their release. He has also won acclaim for his work in Anhui, China winning the Audience Award and the Runner Up Award at the 2007 Salmagundi Film Festival, and for his photojournalistic travels in more than 58 countries
Gong was born in Beijing, China, raised in Rome, Italy, studied at the University of Virginia and graduated with degrees in Biology and Psychology, and obtained an M.A. in Photojournalism and Documentary Photography at the London College of Communication at the University of the Arts London.
# Heronry

A heronry, sometimes called a heron rookery, is a breeding ground for herons.

## Notable heronries

Although their breeding territories are often on more protected small islands in lakes or retention ponds, herons breed in heronries (or also called rookeries, especially since other birds join them like spoonbills, storks, and cormorants). Some of the notable heronries are:

### Asia

* Kaggaladu Heronry is in Karnataka state of India. This heronry, in the Tumkur district of Karnataka, was first made known to the outside world in 1999 by members of the Tumkur-based NGO Wildlife Aware Nature Club.

### Europe

* Cleeve Heronry (grid reference ST463662), in a woodland near the village of Cleeve in North Somerset, UK.
* Hilgay Heronry (grid reference TL635992) is in Norfolk. It is situated in a small copse on the edge of The Fens in the UK. An average of c. 40 pairs of grey heron nests each year at this site, in ash (Fraxinus excelsior) and European larch (Larix decidua) trees.

### North America

* The Florida Everglades in south Florida, of the United States. Thousands of birds, including herons, egrets, spoonbills, and storks, nest in mangroves (genus Rhizophora).
# Luigi Ricci (vocal coach)

Luigi Ricci (1893–1981) was an Italian assistant conductor, accompanist, vocal coach, and author.

## Career

Ricci began studying music as a child and at age twelve started accompanying voice lessons given by the famous baritone Antonio Cotogni, who had performed several of Giuseppe Verdi's operas under the composer's supervision. At this early age, Ricci began taking meticulous notes on traditions, which Cotogni was passing on to him from work with 19th-century composers and conductors.
Ricci became an assistant conductor with the Rome Opera House and in that capacity worked eight years with Giacomo Puccini and thirty-four years with Pietro Mascagni. Other composers with whom he was associated include Ottorino Respighi, Umberto Giordano, Riccardo Zandonai, and Ildebrando Pizzetti. Among the many great conductors with whom he worked were Gino Marinuzzi, Vittorio Gui, Ettore Panizza, Tullio Serafin, Victor de Sabata; as well as singers such as Ezio Pinza, Beniamino Gigli, Toti dal Monte, Giacomo Lauri-Volpi, Maria Caniglia, Tito Gobbi to name but a few. The latter, for instance, in his writings speaks very warmly about Ricci as an understanding and profoundly thinking professional.
Ricci was the author of a collection of four volumes on "Variations, Cadenzas, and Traditions", and of two books "Puccini interprete da se stesso", and "34 anni con Pietro Mascagni". He collaborated on the musical direction of forty-two films and on numerous opera recordings with RCA.
Ricci was also active as a vocal coach at the Accademia Nazionale di Santa Cecilia, where he taught (amongst many others) Sesto Bruscantini, Richard Miller, Anna Moffo, Rosalind Elias, Ezio Flagello, Joanna Bruno, Peter Lindroos, Lucia Aliberti and Martti Wallén.

## Selected works

Compositions
* Variazioni-Cadenze Tradizioni per Canto. Vol. I: Voci Femminili (Ricordi)
* Variazioni-Cadenze Tradizioni per Canto. Vol. II: Voci Maschili (Ricordi)
* Variazioni-Cadenze Tradizioni per Canto. Appendice N.1: Voci Miste (Ricordi)
* Variazioni-Cadenze Tradizioni per Canto. Appendice N.2: Variazioni e Cadenze di G. Rossini (Ricordi)
Books and articles
* Maestri, gole e... gola. Roma, G. Ricordi, 1947. [Memoirs]
* Puccini interprete di se stesso, Ricordi Milan, (1954) 2003. ISBN 88-7592-725-1
* 34 anni con Pietro Mascagni, Edizioni Curci, 1976.
* "Fleta e le note filate presente Puccini", Rassegna musicale, Vol. 30, no. 2, April 1977

## Recording

* Giuseppe Verdi: Il trovatore (Stella Roman (Soprano); Silvia Sawyer (Mezzo Soprano); Anna Marcangeli (Soprano); Gino Sarri (Tenor); Antonio Manca Serra (Baritone); Vittorio Tatozzi (Baritone); Nino Mazziotti (Baritone); Rome Opera House Chorus and Orchestra; Conductor: Luigi Ricci) CD Label: Preiser Records
# Peter-Jürgen Boock

Peter-Jürgen Boock (born 3 September 1951) is a German former terrorist of the Red Army Faction.

## Earlier life

After completing secondary school, Boock began training as a mechanic but soon quit. Claiming that his father was a staunch Nazi, Boock then left his parents' home and travelled to the Netherlands. He became involved with illegal drugs, and was arrested for possession. Soon after this he attempted suicide. He spent the next few years in rehabilitation programmes and living in re-education homes, and came in contact with Gudrun Ensslin and Andreas Baader. He wanted to join the Red Army Faction but was deemed too young. He moved to Frankfurt am Main and continued abusing drugs. In 1973, he married Waltraud Liewald (who would also later become an RAF terrorist).

## Terrorism

At some point between 1975 and 1976, Boock joined the RAF and went underground. He travelled to Southern Yemen, where he received terrorist training (including hostage taking and hijacking). He became an involved member of the second generation Red Army Faction.
* In July 1977 he was the getaway driver in the plot to kidnap Jürgen Ponto. The plot fell through however, and Ponto was murdered.
* In August 1977, Boock constructed a rocket launcher called the Stalin Organ, which was capable of firing primitive missiles. He trained the weapon on the offices of the Federal Prosecutor. The launcher didn't work, and Boock claimed that he had a change of heart at the last minute and deliberately sabotaged the weapon himself.
* In September 1977, Boock was involved in the kidnap-murder of Hanns-Martin Schleyer, and was one of the RAF kidnappers who opened fire on Schleyer's car.
* In 1978 he was arrested in Yugoslavia, with Brigitte Mohnhaupt, Sieglinde Hofmann and Rolf Clemens Wagner. They were later freed and flown to a country of their choice because West Germany turned down an offer from Yugoslavia to extradite them in exchange for eight Croatian political fugitives in West Germany.

## Arrest and imprisonment

Boock distanced himself from the RAF in 1980. However in 1981 he was arrested in Hamburg. He played down his role within the RAF, though was sentenced to life imprisonment terms for his involvement in the Ponto and Schleyer murders. In 1992 he admitted his full involvement in certain RAF activities, such as the Schleyer murder.
He was freed from prison on 13 March 1998 and now works as a freelance writer near Freiburg.
In 2007, he accused Stefan Wisniewski of the murder of Siegfried Buback.
# Patrick Lehane

Patrick Desmond Lehane (died 1 July 1976) was an Irish politician. A farmer by profession, he was an unsuccessful candidate at the 1943 and 1944 general elections for the Cork South-East constituency. He was elected to Dáil Éireann at the 1948 general election as a Clann na Talmhan Teachta Dála (TD) for the Cork South constituency. He was re-elected at the 1951 general election as an Independent TD but lost his seat at the 1954 general election.
# Steve Randy Waldman

Steve Randy Waldman (born 1970) is a computer programmer and writer known for his commentary on contemporary economics at his blog Interfluidity. Educated at the New College of Florida, and University of Kentucky, Waldman is a Java programmer and wrote the c3p0 tool. He is most well known for his economics posts at Interfluidity, which have been cited by Paul Krugman, Tyler Cowen, Simon Wren-Lewis, The Economist, CNBC, the National Review, Justin Fox of Time magazine, and Matt Levine. Waldman supports a basic income (or other ways to provide a strong social safety net) and otherwise describes himself as "Danish libertarian".
Waldman is known for his criticism of financial regulation: James Kwak quotes "An enduring truth about financial regulation is this: Given the discretion to do so, financial regulators will always do the wrong thing." Paul Krugman of the New York Times often cites Waldman; he talks about him 'going medieval' on Ezra Klein, and another time: "we are indeed, as Steve Randy Waldman says, all dorks".
The writer and novelist Adelle Waldman is Waldman's sister. His mother, Jacqueline Waldman, was a chemistry professor at Goucher College.
# John Borthwick (veterinary surgeon)

John Dowie Borthwick (1867–1936) was a veterinary surgeon in the Cape Colony.

## Early life

Borthwick was born in Kirkliston, Scotland to John Borthwick (also a vet) and Janet Dowie. He studied veterinary medicine at the Edinburgh College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine.

## Personal life

Borthwick married a descendant of the 1820 Settlers, Elizabeth Edith Walton in Grahamstown on 17 March 1893. The bacteriologist Alexander Edington who was his close colleague witnessed the marriage. He died at his Arcadia North home in Pretoria on 18 June 1936.

## Veterinary work

Borthwick began his career in South Africa on 27 March 1889 as the first assistant to Duncan Hutcheon, Colonial Veterinary Surgeon to the Cape of Good Hope. Jotello Festiri Soga the first black South African vet worked with him as Hutcheon's second assistant.
In 1892, he joined Alexander Edington in his laboratory (previously buildings in the Royal Engineers yard) in Grahamstown. Borthwick served as Edington's assistant in the study of animal diseases until 1893 when he was succeeded by Thomas Bowhill.
Later, he served as Assistant Veterinary Surgeon in various parts of the Cape Colony. In July 1906, he was promoted to the post of Chief Veterinary Surgeon vacated by Hutcheon when the latter was promoted to the post of Director of Agriculture. He then had 16 Assistant Veterinary Surgeons under his control in the Cape.
Borthwick did important work in finding a prophylaxis for lamsiekte in cattle. He found feeding cattle bonemeal prevented the disease. His work was quoted as recently as 2012 by Bigalke.

## Military service

During the Boer War he served in the Town Guards and District Mounted Troops.
# The Record (film)

The Record (Korean: 찍히면 죽는다; RR: Jjikhimyeon jukneunda) is a 2000 South Korean horror film starring Kang Seong-min, Park Eun-hye and Han Chae-young.

## Plot

The film centers on a group of young people who killed an innocent person and videotaped the act for their own amusement. Comeuppance is provided by a mysterious man who seeks out each of the murderers and kills them for his personal pleasure.

## Cast

* Kang Seong-min as Hyung-joon
* Park Eun-hye as Hee-jung
* Ahn Jae-hwan as Teacher
* Jung Min as Jong-ho
* Bae Dal as Kyung-sik
* Bae Jun-hyeong as Kyung-sik
* Han Chae-young as Eun-mi
* Roh Ma-yu as School nurse
* Choi Yu-rim
* Jang Tae-yun
* Kim Seo-hyung
* Lee Yeong-ho
* Uhm Ji-won

## Background

In South Korean cinema, landmark year was 2003 when more artistically ambitious and thematically complex types of horror cinema were released. Prior to this, there was an early 2000s horror cycle involving slasher films such as Bloody Beach, Harpy, Nightmare and The Record.

## Release

The Record was released on August 26, 2000. The film had 30,130 admissions in South Korea. The film failed to reach the top ten grossing films domestically in South Korea for the year 2000. In comparison, the horror film Nightmare had 332,000 admissions and was among the top ten highest grossing domestic productions of the year.

## Reception

From contemporary reviews, Bruce Holecheck of Deep Red magazine described the film as a Korean I Know What You Did Last Summer that "forgets to ladle on the massive grue which made the early 80's teen-kill wave so much fun." and that the film was unoriginal but still a slasher film "that's not referential to the point of insult to true fans." Jim Harper in his book Legacy of Blood also compared the film to I Know What You Did Last Summer, noting the Americanization of the film with comparing the characters to characters in Porky's and Animal House but "Despite the derivative material, it's a highly entertaining film." and that "There's no attempt at irony or post-modernism, just good ol' slasher fun."
# Eduardo Lobos

Eduardo Eugenio Lobos Landaeta (Spanish pronunciation:, born 30 July 1981) is a Chilean football manager and former footballer who played as a goalkeeper. He is currently the manager of Deportes Linares.

## Managerial career

In 2020, he began his managerial career as the manager of Deportes Iberia in the Segunda División Profesional de Chile. In 2022, he moved to San Antonio Unido at the same division.

## Honours
### Club
#### Colo-Colo

* Primera División de Chile (1): 2002 Apertura

#### Coquimbo Unido

* Primera B de Chile (1): 2018
# Andrii Sahaidakovskyi

Andriy Valerianovych Sagaidakovsky (born April 17, 1957, in Lviv) is a Ukrainian artist, participant of the Ukrainian New Wave. He works in the field of painting and practices unusual techniques, such as painting on rugs. Andriy is one of the most ironic contemporary Ukrainian artists, who finds unusual perspectives on everyday topics.

## Solo exhibitions

* 1992 - Warsaw, "Laboratoriya" Gallery.
* 1997 - Lviv, "Dzyga" Art Center.
* 1999 - Kyiv, "Yavna tayemnytsya." Center for Contemporary Art.
* 2001 - Lviv, Museum of the History of Religion.
* 2006 - Lublin, "Terytoriyi."
* 18.09.2020 - 24.01.2021 - Kyiv, Art Arsenal, "Andrii Sahaidakovskyi. Scenery. Welcome!"
# EU Tissue Directive

The EU Tissue Directive —Directive 2004/23/EC— sets standards of quality and safety for the donation, procurement, testing, processing, preservation, storage and distribution (including import and export in/out of the EU) of human tissues and cells intended for human application. It was adopted by the European Parliament on 7 April 2004 and came into effect between 7 April 2006 and 7 April 2007. The directive is implemented by the two technical directives 2006/17/EC and 2006/86/EC. Only licensed centres in the EU are allowed to handle human tissues and cells intended for human application. The directive does not deal with matters in relation to research using human tissue and cells.
The European Union has funded a collaborative research network (Tiss.EU) to ascertain the current state of legal and ethical affairs in the European Union and the effect of the directive on the normative landscape.
# Harry Yoon

Harry Yoon, ACE, is an American film editor. He is best known for his work on Minari, Euphoria, Detroit and The Best of Enemies.

## Life and career

Harry was born in South Korea, and immigrated to the U.S. with his parents when he was five years old. He attended school in San Leandro, California and graduated From San Leandro High School in 1989. He graduated from Williams College and attended the Graduate Directing Program at New York University. He began his career as an editor for short films and documentaries. He has worked with some of the most renowned editors, including William Goldenberg, Stephen Mirrione and Tom Cross. His VFX editor credits include The Revenant, Zero Dark Thirty, The Hunger Games and Shang-Chi and the Legend of the Ten Rings

## Filmography

| Year | Title | Contribution | Note |
| 2025 | Thunderbolts* | Editor | Feature film |
| 2024 | The Fire Inside | Editor | Feature film |
| 2023 | Beef | Editor | TV series |
| 2021 | Shang-Chi and the Legend of the Ten Rings | Editor | Feature film |
| 2020 | Minari | Editor | Feature film |
| 2019 | Euphoria | Editor | TV series |
| 2019 | The Best of Enemies | Editor | Feature film |
| 2017 | Mission Control | Editor | TV movie |
| 2017 | Detroit | Editor | Feature film |
| 2017 | Pillow Talk | Editor | TV series |
| 2016 | Mars Project | Editor | TV movie |
| 2014 | The Newsroom | Editor | TV series |
| 2014 | This Is What Remains | Editor | TV movie |
| 2014 | Isa | Editor | TV movie |
| 2014 | Drunktown's Finest | Editor | Feature film |
| 2013 | Welcome to the Jungle | Editor | Feature film |
| 2012 | Karrabing! Low Tide Turning | Editor | Short film |
| 2011 | Let Go | Editor | Feature film |
| 2011 | Admissions | Editor | Short film |
| 2011 | Detroit 1-8-7 | Editor | TV series |
| 2009 | The Pit | Editor | Documentary |
| 2008 | California King | Editor | Short film |
| 2008 | Half-Life | Editor | Feature film |
| 2005 | Dogged on Dogtown | Editor | Documentary |
| 2005 | Starz Special: On the Set of 'Flightplan' | Editor | Documentary |
| 2004 | Winning the Peace | Editor | Short film |
| 2004 | Good Thing | Editor | Short film |
| 2003 | Fast Cars & Babies | Editor | Short film |
| 2003 | Little Red Light | Editor | Short film |

## Awards and nominations

| Year | Result | Award | Category | Work | Ref. |
| 2021 | Nominated | Satellite Awards | Best Film Editing | Minari | |
| 2018 | Nominated | American Cinema Editors | Best Edited Feature Film | Minari | |
# Slim Jim

Slim Jim may refer to:

## Items

* Slim Jim (snack food), a brand of beef snack made by Conagra Brands
* Slim Jim (antenna), a type of dipole radio antenna
* Slim jim (lock pick), a tool for bypassing car locks
* nickname for the narrow-body version of the British Rail Class 33 locomotive
* nickname of the GM Roto Hydramatic transmission
* a sandwich on the menu of Big Boy Restaurants
* a sandwich on the menu of Shoney's Restaurants
* a narrow necktie, favored in the Teddy Boy British subculture

## Nickname or stage name

* Slim Jim Phantom, stage name of James McDonnell (born 1961), drummer for the rockabilly group the Stray Cats
* Jim Baxter (1939–2001), Scottish footballer
* Howard Earl (1869–1916), American Major League Baseball player
* W. E. Foster, late 19th and early 20th century con man – see Shootout on Juneau Wharf
* James M. Gavin (1907–1990), US Army lieutenant general in World War II and US Ambassador to France
* Ernest Iverson (1903–1958), American radio personality

## Entertainment

* Slim Jim, a character in the 1960 UK puppet television series Four Feather Falls
* "Slim Jim", a 1964 episode of the UK television series Dixon of Dock Green
* "Slim Jim", a track on the 1967 album A Bag Full of Blues by American jazz organist Jimmy McGriff

## Other uses

* Slim Jim All Pro Series, former name of the NASCAR AutoZone Elite Division, Southeast Series.
# Anna Gurova

Anna Vasilyevna Gurova (Russian: Анна Васильевна Гурова; born April 29, 1981) is a Russian sprint athlete. She came sixth in the 100 metres at the 2010 European Athletics Championships
She received a two-year ban from the sport from August 2011 to 2013 after she tested positive for Methyltestosterone.

## International competitions

Representing  Russia :
| Year | Competition | Venue | Position | Event | Notes |
| 2010 | European Championships | Barcelona, Spain | 6th | 100 m | 11.36 |
# Orhan Aksoy (director)

Orhan Aksoy (January 10, 1930, Bursa – January 22, 2008, Istanbul) was a Turkish director and screenwriter. He began his career in film as a projectionist in the now-defunct Saray cinema in Istanbul. He would direct over 90 films, and be a screenwriter for over 50, across his career.

## Filmography

* Karateci Kız (1973)
* Ah Nerede (1975)
* Happy Days (1978)

## Awards
### Antalya Golden Orange Film Festival

* 1970 – Won Best Film Award for Kinali Yapincak
* 1973 – Won Best Film Award for Hayatmi bu
* 1994 – Won Best Film Award for Yumusak ten

## Style

Aksoy became famous for his work on melodramas in the late 1960s and early 1970s. When melodramas began to lose their popularity in the 1980s, he became a noted director of musicals and romantic comedies. It was his early work on melodramas which lead him to be regarded as being at the forefront of the 'muhalle' cinema movement in Turkey, where movies often emphasised family life, warm relationships and happy endings.
# Ring forming reaction

A ring forming reaction or ring-closing reaction in organic chemistry is an umbrella term for a variety of reactions that introduce one or more rings into a molecule. A heterocycle forming reaction is a reaction that introduces a new heterocycle. Important classes of ring forming reactions include annulations and cycloadditions. Heterocyclic compounds are useful in spectroscopic identification of compounds, purity criteria, and investigating the molecular electronic structures.

## Named ring forming reactions

Named ring forming reactions include (not exhaustive):
* Azide-alkyne Huisgen cycloaddition
* Bischler–Napieralski reaction
* Bucherer carbazole synthesis
* Danheiser annulation
* Dieckmann condensation
* Diels–Alder reaction
* Feist–Benary synthesis
* Fiesselmann thiophene synthesis
* Fischer indole synthesis
* Gewald reaction
* Hantzsch pyridine synthesis
* Larock indole synthesis
* Paal–Knorr synthesis
* Pictet–Spengler reaction
* Pomeranz–Fritsch reaction
* Ring-closing metathesis
* Robinson annulation
* Skraup reaction