OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Lingual luring

Lingual luring is a form of aggressive mimicry in which a predator (typically a snake or turtle) uses its tongue to fool potential prey into approaching close to what appears to be a small wriggling worm.
Lingual lures are very well developed in young alligator snapping turtles which wait underwater with their mouths open. The tongue is wriggled like a worm and fishes attracted to it are captured by a rapid snapping of the mouth.
Lingual luring has also been noted in some species of snakes including the garter snake Thamnophis atratus and species of Nerodia (including N. sipedon, N. clarkii and N. rhombifer) – here the luring is initiated by flicking the surface of water with their tongue to attract fish. Similar behaviour has been reported in the snowy egret (Egretta thula) which uses tongue flicking when foraging. The puff adder Bitis arietans uses its tongue which is loosely wriggled like a worm to attract amphibian prey. The puff adder also uses its tail as a lure (caudal luring).
# John Freeman Dunn

John Freeman Dunn (12 April 1874 – 7 December 1954) was an English banker and stockbroker, barrister and Liberal Party politician.

## Family and education

Dunn was born in Basingstoke in Hampshire the son of George Freeman Dunn. He was educated at Queen Mary's School, Basingstoke. In 1914 he married Constance Henderson of Hove in East Sussex. They had a son and a daughter.

## Career

Dunn was for fifteen years the Manager of the Brighton and Hove Branches of the Midland Bank, Ltd. He was an Associate of the Institute of Bankers of which he was Gilbart Prizeman and became a partner in the firm of David A. Bevan Simpson & Co., stockbrokers, 37 Threadneedle Street in the City of London. He was a member of the London Stock Exchange. He was also a Director of the British American Trading Co., Ltd a merchant banking and Investment Company. In 1909, he was called to the bar at Gray's Inn.

## Politics
### Hemel Hempstead

Dunn first stood for Parliament at the 1923 general election when he was selected as Liberal candidate for the Hertfordshire seat of Hemel Hempstead. In a good year for the Liberal Party, reunited after the splits of the Lloyd George and Asquith rivalries, Dunn defeated the sitting Conservative MP, J C C Davidson, in a nail-bitingly close straight fight by the margin of 17 votes. At the 1924 general election, the Tory Party had recovered its position and with Labour also standing a candidate, Davidson regained his seat with a majority of nearly 5,000.

### Faversham by-election

Dunn got a chance to re-enter the House of Commons in January 1928 when he was selected as Liberal candidate in a by-election at Faversham in Kent, following the death of the sitting Conservative MP, Sir Granville Wheler. In a four cornered contest with Conservative, Labour and Independent Conservative opponents, Dunn came third with 18.6% of the poll.

### Chichester

Dunn tried once more for Parliament, this time at Chichester in West Sussex at the 1929 general election. However, in a straight fight with the Tories the sitting MP, John Sewell Courtauld, held the seat comfortably with a majority of 8,880 votes.

## Royal Commercial Travellers Schools

Dunn was for twenty years Chairman of the Royal Commercial Travellers Schools, founded in 1845 by John Robert Cuffley, first in Wanstead, later moving to Pinner in Middlesex. The schools were founded with the aim of housing, feeding, clothing and educating the necessitous children of brethren "on the road" who met untimely death or became unable to earn their livelihood. The schools closed in 1967 but The Royal Pinner School Foundation succeeded the Schools to provide assistance in the education of children of commercial travellers, sales and technical representatives and manufacturers' agents where need can be shown.

## Death

Dunn died at his home, Hazards, Enton, Godalming, Surrey on 7 December 1954, aged 80 years.
# Bentley Dean

Bentley Dean is an Australian documentarian, director, producer, cinematographer, and filmmaker.

## Career

Dean appeared in Race Around the World in 1997.
He is known for his collaborations with director Martin Butler.
Dean has earned critical acclaim for his works Contact (2010), First Footprints (2013), Tanna (2015), and A Sense of Self (2016) for Four Corners profiling Liz Jackson's experience of Parkinson's disease.
For Tanna, he received a nomination for Best Foreign Language Film at the 89th Academy Awards.

## Filmography

* 2021: Facing Monsters
* 2016: A Sense of Self (TV Movie documentary; with Martin Butler)
* 2015: Tanna (with Martin Butler)
* 2015: Call Me Dad (TV Movie documentary)
* 2013: First Footprints (TV Series documentary; with Martin Butler)
* 2010: Contact (Documentary; with Martin Butler)
* 2008: A Well-Founded Fear (Documentary)
* 2007: The Siege (Documentary)
* 2004: The President Versus David Hicks

## Accolades

Tanna has received critical acclaim. It has a score of 74% on Metacritic.
| Award | Category | Recipient(s) | Result |
| AACTA Awards (6th) | Best Film | Martin Butler, Bentley Dean and Carolyn Johnson | Nominated |
| AACTA Awards (6th) | Best Direction | Martin Butler and Bentley Dean | Nominated |
| AACTA Awards (6th) | Best Cinematography | Bentley Dean | Nominated |
| Academy Award | Best Foreign Language Film | Martin Butler and Bentley Dean | Nominated |
| African-American Film Critics Association | Best Foreign Film | Martin Butler and Bentley Dean | Won |
| FCCA Awards | Best Film | Martin Butler, Bentley Dean and Carolyn Johnson | Nominated |
| FCCA Awards | Best Cinematography | Bentley Dean | Nominated |
# Marianne Schieder

Marianne Schieder (born 23 May 1962) is a German politician of the Social Democratic Party (SPD) who has been serving as a member of the Bundestag from the state of Bavaria since 2005.

## Early life and career

After completing her Abitur at the Johann-Andreas-Schmeller Gymnasium in Nabburg, she began her law studies at the University of Regensburg, where she successfully passed the Second State Examination in Law. In her professional career, she served as the Federal Chairwoman of the Catholic Rural Youth Movement (KLJB) and also worked as the State Managing Director of KLJB Bavaria. In these positions, she passionately advocated for the interests of young people in rural areas and promoted social and political participation within the Catholic youth community.

## Political career

From 1994 to 2004, Schieder was a member of the State Parliament of Bavaria.
Schieder first became a member of the Bundestag in the 2005 German federal election. In parliament, she is a member of the Committee on the Verification of Credentials and Immunities and the Committee on Culture and the Media. She is also a member of the parliament’s Council of Elders, which – among other duties – determines daily legislative agenda items and assigning committee chairpersons based on party representation.
From 2009 to 2017, Schieder was part of the SPD’s leadership in Bavaria, under its chairman Florian Pronold.

## Other activities

* Haus der Geschichte, Member of the Board of Trustees (since 2022)
* Foundation Flight, Expulsion, Reconciliation, Member of the Board of Trustees
* Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Europe Foundation, Member of the Board of Trustees
* German Catholic Women's Association (KDFB), Member
* German United Services Trade Union (ver.di), Member
# Sergi Gestí

Sergi Gestí Cano (born 14 February 1994) is a Spanish footballer who plays for UE Valls as a winger.

## Club career

Born in Valls, Tarragona, Catalonia, Gestí began his footballing career on Gimnàstic de Tarragona's youth ranks. He made his debut on 3 June 2012, against Elche CF, after coming off the bench to replace Mairata.
In the 2013 summer Gestí was assigned to the farm team in Tercera División. On 4 July of the following year he renewed his link.
On 30 July 2015 Gestí moved to FC Vilafranca, also in the fourth level. The following year he returned to Pobla, after their relegation from Segunda División B.
On 3 January 2018, Gestí moved to UE Castelldefels also in the fourth division. He continued to appear in the category in the following years, representing Vilafranca, Castelldefels and UE Valls.
# Popchips

Popchips, stylized 'popchips' is an American brand of popped potato and corn products marketed as similar to potato chips. They are manufactured by processing potato starch at high pressure and temperature, in a process similar to that used for puffed rice cakes.

## History

Keith Belling is a co-founder and CEO of Popchips which was created in 2007. Belling teamed up with Patrick Turpin, and created a new popped chip. The company created a chip that utilizes potato and corn products that are cooked at a high pressure and temperature. Turpin co-founded Popchips, Inc., and serves as its President.
In November, 2015 David Ritterbush was named CEO of the company, replacing Paul Davis.

## Recognition

The company was rated by Forbes as among America's top 20 most promising companies in 2011. Forbes also reported that investors in the company included Ashton Kutcher, David Ortiz, Jillian Michaels, and Sean Combs.

## Ashton Kutcher controversy

Popchips received widespread criticism for their May 2012 video ad campaign featuring actor Ashton Kutcher. The campaign featured Kutcher as an Indian man 'looking for love' in a dating ad-style spoof. Kutcher's use of brown-face make up and a stereotypical Indian accent was deemed racially insensitive and offensive and received backlash from online viewers and members of the Indian-American community.

## Celebrities

Ashton Kutcher was the first celebrity to endorse the company, with 13 million followers on Twitter. Kutcher boosted the publicity of Popchips. In 2012, Popchips also gained another celebrity endorser, Katy Perry. Since 2012, Perry featured in advertisements and also helped to launch her own flavour of Popchips, Katy's Kettle Corn.

## Awards

Since 2007, Popchips has won the following awards:
* Best Crispy Snack for Kids - IVillage
* Best Snack - Shape (magazine)
* Best Potato Chip - Men's Health (magazine)
* Outstanding Snack - sofi Awards
* Best Chips - Real Simple (magazine)
* Best Chips Under 100 Calories - Eat This, Not That (magazine)
One of the 8 Most Addicting Foods - Yahoo! Shine
* Best Low Calorie Snack - Good Housekeeping (magazine)
* Best Chips - Slash Food
* Best Crunchy Snack - Fitness (magazine)
* #1 Potato Chip - Kiwi (magazine)
* Best Chips - Health (magazine)

## Distribution

Popchips provides its snack through a network of retail stores including Target, Safeway, and Walgreens in the United States, Canada, United Kingdom, Ireland and also online.

## Products

Popchips are produced in a number of flavors in addition to the original flavor:
Potato
* Sea Salt
* Sour Cream & Onion
* Barbeque
* Sea Salt & Vinegar
* Thai Sweet Chilli
* Mature Cheddar & Onion
Potato Ridges
* Crazy Hot
* Buffalo Ranch
* Cheddar and Sour Cream

## Nutritional Information

* A share size bag of potato popchips (3 oz.) contain 120 calories per serving size (1 oz.).
* A share size bag of tortilla popchips (3.5 oz.) contain 120 calories per serving size (1 oz.).
* A share size bag of Katy's Kettle Corn popchips (3.5 oz.) contain 130 calories per serving size (1 oz.).
# Arthur Tillman Merritt

Arthur Tillman Merritt (February 15, 1902 – October 25, 1998) was an American musicologist.

## Education

Merritt attended Missouri University, where he received a BA in 1924 and a BFA in 1926. He received a master's of arts in music at Harvard University in 1927. Merritt studied with Nadia Boulanger and Paul Dukas in Paris.

## Career

From 1930 to 1932, he taught at Trinity College in Hartford, Connecticut. In 1932, he began working as a music instructor at Harvard University, then became a professor in 1943. Merritt was the chair of the music department from 1942 to 1952 and from 1968 to 1972. Starting in 1952, he served as the curator of Isham Memorial Library until his retirement in 1972.
He was described by Elliot Forbes, professor emeritus of music and colleague and close friend of Merritt, as "Never having married, his sole thrust was music, and then it developed into Harvard music, and then specifically, the development of the department."
His musicological work centered around the Renaissance and the 16th-century chanson.
# Aircraft ordnance

Aircraft ordnance or ordnance (in the context of military aviation) is any expendable weaponry (e.g. bombs, missiles, rockets and gun ammunition) used by military aircraft. The term is often used when describing the payload of air-to-ground weaponry that can be carried by the aircraft or the weight that has been dropped in combat. Aircraft ordnance also includes air-to-air, anti-ship and anti-submarine weapons.
Some aircraft types can carry a wide variety of ordnance – for example, the Fairchild AU-23 Peacemaker could use forward-firing gun pods, 500 and 250 pound bombs, napalm units, cluster bomb units, flares, rockets, smoke grenades and propaganda leaflet dispensers.
Ordnance can be carried in a bomb bay or hung from a hardpoint.
For many weapons there is a limit to the length of time they can be flown (e.g. because of vibration damage); after this their safety or effectiveness is not guaranteed. This can be a problem if weapons designed for high intensity conflict are carried on multiple missions in a long counter-insurgency campaign.

## Guidance

Ordnance can be divided into guided and unguided categories based on their targeting capabilities. Guided ordnance, such as Precision-guided munitions (PGMs), use advanced technologies like GPS, infared, radar or laser tracking to precisely hit designated targets. Unguided ordnance, commonly known as "dumb bombs," lack guidance systems and rely on the aircraft’s release parameters to strike a target. Though less accurate, unguided bombs are often used for area strikes and are more cost-effective.
# Lucy Verasamy

Lucy Verasamy (born 2 August 1980) is a British weather forecaster for ITV Weather, ITV Racing and ITV's Good Morning Britain.

## Early life and education

Verasamy was born in King's Lynn, Norfolk, and attended Silfield Primary School in Wymondham, Framlingham College Junior School in Suffolk and King Edward VII School in King's Lynn, where she studied A-level geography. She graduated with a BSc (Hons) degree in geography from Brunel University in 2001.

## Career

After graduation, Verasamy trained and worked as a meteorologist at the Press Association’s weather centre (Later renamed Meteogroup – Europe’s Largest private weather company) – writing national and international weather forecasts for TV, radio, and Newspapers.
Having previously completed a work experience placement at the Sky Weather Centre before becoming a weather forecaster, Verasamy joined Sky and became the regular weather presenter on the Sky News breakfast show Sunrise. In 2007, the Sky News website started a feature entitled Climate Clinic – Ask Lucy as part of their Green Britain campaign, where Verasamy answered questions put forward by members of the public regarding climate change. She also contributed to Sky News The Weather Girls blog.
On 6 September 2010, she joined the newly-launched ITV Breakfast programme Daybreak, as a weather forecaster and environment correspondent, alongside Kirsty McCabe. On 7 February 2012, McCabe left the programme, leaving Verasamy as the sole weather forecaster. On 2 August 2012, she too left the programme.
Since 2012, Verasamy has fronted the national weather forecasts for ITV.
In addition, as of 2017, Verasamy is part of the ITV Racing team as a weather expert. She also joined Good Morning Britain as a relief weather presenter from August. In 2019 she fronted the M & S Fresh Food Market promotions.
In March 2020, Verasamy was to co-present the then upcoming ITV travel show How to Spend It Well on Holiday with Phillip Schofield. The show was pulled from airing due to the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom, and with the expectation of being shown at a later date.
In November 2020, Verasamy began presenting on ITV's digital series Climate Crisis: Our Changing World, alongside fellow ITV weather presenters Laura Tobin and Alex Beresford.
In 2021, Verasamy fronted Marks & Spencer's "Fresh Market Update" advertising campaign, featuring cooked produce from Marks & Spencer's own growers and producers locations, ranging from North Scotland to Jersey.

## Filmography

| Year | Title | Role |
| 2005–2010 | Sky News | Weather presenter |
| 2010–2012 | Daybreak | Weather presenter |
| 2012–present | ITV Weather | Weather presenter |
| 2017–present | ITV Racing | Weather presenter |
| 2017–present | Good Morning Britain | Weather presenter |
| 2020–present | Climate Crisis: Our Changing World | Presenter |
| 2021–present | How to Spend It Well on Holiday | Co-presenter |
# Felicistas

Felicistas were the supporters of Félix Díaz, nephew of former president Porfirio Diaz, who opposed the Madero and Carranza governments in Mexican rebellions between 1912 and 1920.
# Nagakura

Nagakura (written: 永倉 or 長倉) is a Japanese surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Hayate Nagakura (長倉 颯, born 1996), Japanese footballer
* Hiromi Nagakura (長倉 洋海, born 1952), Japanese photographer
* Nagakura Shinpachi (永倉 新八, 1839–1915), Japanese swordsman and member of the Shinsengumi
# João Fernandes (cinematographer)

João Fernandes is a Brazilian-born cinematographer best known for his work in the adult film industry during the Golden Age of Porn, before his shift toward more mainstream genre cinema.

## Life and career

Born in Brazil, Fernandes studied at New York University under Haig P. Manoogian and began work as a crewman on low-budget pornographic films. Throughout the 1970s, Fernandes shot many entries in the emerging "porno chic" subgenre, including the seminal Deep Throat and director Gerard Damiano's follow-up feature, The Devil in Miss Jones, a film which Roger Ebert described as being the "best entry" in the entire genre. In 1978, Fernandes made his first foray into mainstream filmmaking with Land of No Return, a wilderness adventure film directed by Kent Bateman and starring William Shatner. Fernandes subsequently shot Bloodrage, a low-budget exploitation film which reused numerous locations, cast, and crew from an earlier independent film never released. Fernandes subsequently became the go-to director of photographer for the film's director, Joseph Zito, shooting his follow-up picture The Prowler. The cult slasher film caught the attention of Frank Mancuso Jr., the producer of the Friday the 13th film franchise. Mancuso hired Zito direct the series' fourth entry, and Fernandes re-teamed with the director to shoot the film. Fernandes then shot numerous Chuck Norris action films produced by Cannon Films, including Missing in Action and Invasion U.S.A., also directed by Joseph Zito.

### Directorial Work

Since working with Chuck Norris in Missing in Action and Invasion U.S.A., Fernandes had continued to work with Norris over the years, having not only been a cinematographer for several episodes of Walker, Texas Ranger, but also having directed three episodes of the show (those episodes were "A Father's Image", "Warriors" and "The Children of Halloween").
# Godzilland

Godzilland (ゴジランド, Gojirando), or Godzillaland, refers to a series of Japanese children's educational television series produced by Toho and based on the Godzilla franchise. The first series, a trivia show titled Adventure! Godzilland (冒険！ゴジランド, Bōken! Gojirando), aired on TV Tokyo in 1992. The series was intended to promote the film Godzilla vs. Mothra, and features both live-action and chibi-style animated segments. It also features musical numbers, including one that doubles as an aerobic exercise. Toho then produced a second series, Adventure! Godzilland 2 (冒険！ゴジランド２, Bōken! Gojirando Tsū), which aired in 1993 as a promotion for Godzilla vs. Mechagodzilla II.
These were followed by Get Going! Godzilland (すすめ！ゴジランド, Susume! Gojirando), a series of four OVAs released on VHS between 1994 and 1996 by Gakken Video. Get Going! Godzilland is aimed at teaching children how to read the hiragana alphabet, how to count and how to perform addition and subtraction.
# Americium dioxide

Americium dioxide (AmO$_2$) is a black compound of americium. In the solid state, AmO$_2$ adopts a fluorite structure (like CaF$_2$). It is used as a source of alpha particles.

## Historical context

The demand for americium dioxide stems from the difficulty of storing the element americium as a solution of americium(III) chloride because the alpha radiation and hydrochloric acid decomposes storage containers over time. To solve the liquid storage problem, scientists at Oak Ridge National Laboratory devised a synthesis to turn liquid americium–acid solution into a precipitated form of americium for safer handling and more efficient storage.

## Synthesis

Synthesis of americium dioxide, as described by the Oak Ridge National Laboratory in 1960, starts by dissolving americium in hydrochloric acid, and then neutralizing the excess acid with ammonium hydroxide (NH $_4$OH). Then, saturated oxalic acid solution (C $_2$H $_2$O $_4$) is added to the now neutralized solution to precipitate dull pink americium(III) oxalate crystals; once complete precipitation is achieved, additional oxalic acid is added to make a slurry. The slurry of americium oxalate and oxalic acid is next agitated before the americium oxalate is filtered out, washed with water, and partially dried in air.
The americium oxalate is then calcinated in a platinum boat. It is first dried in a furnace at 150 °C (302 °F) and then heated to 350 °C (662 °F). When decomposition begins to occur, the oxalate will turn into the desired black americium dioxide; to ensure no oxalate remains in the newly forming dioxide, the oven temperature is increased and held at 800 °C (1,470 °F) then slowly allowed to cool to room temperature.

## Modern applications

Americium dioxide is the most widely used americium compound in ionising smoke detectors. The dioxide form is insoluble in water, making it relatively safe to handle in production.
In the late 2010s, americium dioxide has been of interest to ESA as power source for radioisotope thermoelectric generators (RTGs) for deep space exploration spacecraft and satellites. A fully automated chemical process to produce americium dioxide was developed by nuclear researchers from the University of Bristol to be implemented on the Sellafield nuclear site in Cumbria, UK. It is based on the same principles as the historic production method developed at Oak Ridge National Laboratory.

## Americium-aluminium alloys

Americium-aluminium alloys can be formed by melting americium dioxide with aluminium and an additional fluxing agent. The created alloy can undergo neutron irradiation to produce other transuranic nuclides.
# Dactylina arctica

Dactylina arctica is a species of fungus within the family Parmeliaceae. Common names for this lichen are butterfinger lichen and Arctic finger lichen. A specific area in which this lichen occurs is represented by the boreal forests of Canada.
# Załęże Wielkie

Załęże Wielkie is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Różan, within Maków County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately 6 kilometres (4 mi) north of Różan, 21 km (13 mi) east of Maków Mazowiecki, and 84 km (52 mi) north of Warsaw.
# Zbyszyno

Zbyszyno is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Baboszewo, within Płońsk County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately 3 kilometres (2 mi) south-west of Baboszewo, 11 km (7 mi) west of Płońsk, and 73 km (45 mi) north-west of Warsaw.
# Zdrojki-Piegowo

Zdrojki-Piegowo is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Lubowidz, within Żuromin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.