# List of the prehistoric life of South Dakota

This list of the prehistoric life of South Dakota contains the various prehistoric life-forms whose fossilized remains have been reported from within the US state of South Dakota.

## Precambrian

The Paleobiology Database records no known occurrences of Precambrian fossils in Alabama.

## Paleozoic

* †Acrotreta
* †Agnostogonus
** †Agnostogonus incognitus – or unidentified comparable form
* Assemblage of fossils of the Cambrian trilobite Agnostus †Agnostus
* †Amiaspis
** †Amiaspis erratica
* †Ankoura
** †Ankoura triangularis
** †Ankoura triangularus
* †Aphelaspis
** †Aphelaspis haguei
* †Arapahoia
** †Arapahoia spathulata
** †Arapahoia spatulata
* †Arcifimbria
** †Arcifimbria pahasapaensis
* †Arcifimbrin
** †Arcifimbrin pahasapaensis
* †Arcuolimbus
** †Arcuolimbus convexus
* †Billingsella
** †Billingsella wichitaensis
* †Blountia
** †Blountia arcuosa
** †Blountia arion
** †Blountia bristolensis
** †Blountia eleanora
** †Blountia janei
** †Blountia nixonensis
* †Blountiella
** †Blountiella alberta
** †Blountiella cordilleria
* †Briscoia
** †Briscoia angustilimba – or unidentified comparable form
** †Briscoia dalyi
* †Bynumia
** †Bynumia eumus
* †Bynumina
* †Camaraspis
* Life restoration of the Carboniferous Chimaera relative Caseodus †Caseodus
** †Caseodus eatoni – or unidentified related form
* †Cedaria
* †Cedarina
** †Cedarina cordillerae
** †Cedarina dakotaensis
** †Cedarina dakotensis
* †Cheilocephalus
** †Cheilocephalus brevilobus
* †Cladodus – or unidentified comparable form
* †Clelandia
** †Clelandia typicalis
* †Coosella
** †Coosella onusta
** †Coosella perplexa
** †Coosella prolifica
* †Coosia
** †Coosia albertensis
** †Coosia alethes
* †Coosina
** †Coosina ariston
* †Crepicephalus
** †Crepicephalus auratus
** †Crepicephalus buttsimontanaenis
** †Crepicephalus buttsimontanaensis
** †Crepicephalus buttsimotanaensis
** †Crepicephalus deadwoodensis
** †Crepicephalus rectus
** †Crepicephalus snowyenis
** †Crepicephalus snowyensis
* †Cyrtogomphoceras
* †Dartonaspis
** †Dartonaspis wichitaensis
** †Dartonaspis witchitaensis
* †Deadwoodia
* †Dicellomus
* †Diestoceras
* †Dikelocephalus
** †Dikelocephalus minnesotensis
* †Dresbachia
** †Dresbachia amata
* Life restoration of the Late Devonian-Carboniferous Chimaera relative Edestus †Edestus
* †Ellipsocephaloides
** †Ellipsocephaloides curtus
** †Ellipsocephaloides monensis
** †Ellipsocephaloides monsensis
* †Endoceras
* †Eoorthis
** †Eoorthis indianola
** †Eoorthis remnicha
* †Ephippiorthoceras
* †Glaphyraspis
** †Glaphyraspis newtoni
** †Glaphyraspis parva
* †Hadragnostus
** †Hadragnostus modestus
* †Hardyoides
** †Hardyoides tenerus
* †Holmesella
** †Holmesella quadrata
* †Homagnostus
** †Homagnostus obesus
* Fossilized shells of the Cambrian-Permian brachiopod relative Hyolitha †Hyolithes
* †Hysteropleura
** †Hysteropleura schucherti
* †Idahoia
** †Idahoia serapio
** †Idahoia wisconsensis
* †Idiomesus
** †Idiomesus granti
** †Idiomesus infimus
* †Illaenurus
** †Illaenurus priscus
* Restoration of the Carboniferous-Permian ray-like cartilaginous fish Janassa (top and left) †Janassa
* †Kingstonia
** †Kingstonia bealesoides
** †Kingstonia scrinium
** †Kingstonia spicata
** †Kingstonia spicta
** †Kingstonia walcotti
** †Kingstonia walcottia
* †Komaspidella
** †Komaspidella hata
** †Komaspidella lata
* †Kormagnostus
** †Kormagnostus beltensis
** †Kormagnostus seclusus
* †Lambeoceras – tentative report
* †Lingulella
* †Lingulepis
* †Linnarssonella
* Restoration of the Carboniferous-Early Triassic cartilaginous fish Listracanthus †Listracanthus
** †Listracanthus hystrix
* †Litagnostus
** †Litagnostus paralis
* †Llanoaspis
** †Llanoaspis undulata
* †Meniscocorypphe
** †Meniscocorypphe platycephala
* †Menomonia
** †Menomonia prooculis
* †Meteoraspis
** †Meteoraspis keeganensis
** †Meteoraspis metra
** †Meteoraspis robusta
* †Modocia
** †Modocia centralis
** †Modocia oweni
* †Monocheilus
** †Monocheilus micros
** †Monocheilus truncatus
* †Nahannagnostus
** †Nahannagnostus nganasanicus
** †Nahannagnostus nganasanious
* †Parabolinoides
** †Parabolinoides contractus
** †Parabolinoides granulosus
* †Pemphigaspis
** †Pemphigaspis bullata
* †Petrodus
** †Petrodus patelliformis
* †Plethopeltis
* †Prosaukia
** †Prosaukia misa
* †Pseudagnostus
** †Pseudagnostus douvillei
** †Pseudagnostus josephus
* †Ptchaspis
** †Ptchaspis striata
* †Ptychaspis
** †Ptychaspis bullasa
** †Ptychaspis miniscaensis
* †Ptychopleurites
** †Ptychopleurites spinosa
* †Pugionicauda
** †Pugionicauda paradoxa
* †Rasettia
** †Rasettia capax
** †Rasettia magna
* †Saukiella
** †Saukiella pyrene
* †Spyroceras
* †Syspacheilus
* †Taenicephalus
** †Taenicephalus nasutus
** †Taenicephalus shumardi
* †Terranovella
** †Terranovella dorsalis
* Fossil of the Cambrian trilobite Tricrepicephalus †Tricrepicephalus
** †Tricrepicephalus conia
** †Tricrepicephalus coria
** †Tricrepicephalus metra
** †Tricrepicephalus tripunctatus
* †Tripteroceras
* †Uncaspis
** †Uncaspis limbata
** †Uncaspis unca
* †Welleraspis
** †Welleraspis group#1 – informal
** †Welleraspis group#2 – informal
* †Westonoceras
* †Wilsonoceras
* †Winnipegoceras

## Mesozoic
### Selected Mesozoic taxa of South Dakota

* Acipenser – or unidentified comparable form
* †Actinocamax
* †Adocus
* †Agerostrea
* Restoration of the Late Jurassic theropod dinosaur Allosaurus †Allosaurus
* †Alphadon
** †Alphadon marshi
* †Anatotitan
** †Anatotitan copei
* †Anomia
* †Anzu – type locality for genus
** †Anzu wyliei – type locality for species
* †Apatosaurus
* †Araucarioxylon
* Mounted fossilized skeleton of the Late Cretaceous sea turtle Archelon †Archelon – type locality for genus
** †Archelon ischyros – type locality for species
* †Artocarpus – report made of unidentified related form or using admittedly obsolete nomenclature
* Aspideretes
* †Asplenium
* †Baculites
** †Baculites clinolobatus
** †Baculites compressus
** †Baculites grandis
** †Baculites larsoni
** †Baculites ovatus
** †Baculites yokoyamai
* †Bananogmius
* †Baptornis
** †Baptornis varneri – type locality for species
* Restoration of the Late Jurassic sauropod dinosaur Barosaurus rearing to defend itself against a pair of the theropod Allosaurus †Barosaurus – type locality for genus
** †Barosaurus lentus – type locality for species
* †Basilemys
* †Belemnitella
** †Belemnitella bulbosa
* Beryx – or unidentified related form
* †Bolodon
** †Bolodon hydei – type locality for species
* †Borealosuchus
** †Borealosuchus sternbergii
* Brachidontes
* †Brachychampsa
** †Brachychampsa montana
* †Brodavis
** †Brodavis baileyi – type locality for species
* †Caenagnathus
* †Calycoceras
** †Calycoceras boreale – type locality for species
** †Calycoceras dromense – or unidentified comparable form
* Life restoration of a herd of the Late Jurassic sauropod dinosaur Camarasaurus †Camarasaurus
* Campeloma
* †Caturus
* †Champsosaurus
* †Cimexomys
* †Cimolodon
** †Cimolodon nitidus
* †Cimolomys
** †Cimolomys gracilis
* †Claosaurus
** †Claosaurus affinis – type locality for species
* †Clidastes
** †Clidastes propython
* †Cocculus
* Fossilized shell of the Late Cretaceous ammonoid Collignoniceras †Collignoniceras
** †Collignoniceras collisniger – type locality for species
** †Collignoniceras jorgenseni – type locality for species
** †Collignoniceras percarinatum
** †Collignoniceras praecox
** †Collignoniceras vermilionense
** †Collignoniceras woolgari
** †Collignoniceras woollgari
* †Compsemys
* Corbula
* †Corbulamella
* †Crenella
** †Crenella elegantula
* †Cretolamna
** †Cretolamna appendiculata
* †Cteniogenys
* Cucullaea
* †Cuspidaria
* Fossil of the Jurassic-Cretaceous cycad relative Cycadeoidea †Cycadeoidea
** †Cycadeoidea aspera – type locality for species
** †Cycadeoidea cicatricula – type locality for species
** †Cycadeoidea colei – type locality for species
** †Cycadeoidea colossalis – type locality for species
** †Cycadeoidea dacotensis
** †Cycadeoidea excelsa – type locality for species
** †Cycadeoidea formosa – type locality for species
** †Cycadeoidea furcata – type locality for species
** †Cycadeoidea ingens – type locality for species
** †Cycadeoidea insolita – type locality for species
** †Cycadeoidea jenneyana
** †Cycadeoidea Jenneyana
** †Cycadeoidea marshiana – type locality for species
** †Cycadeoidea mcbridei – type locality for species
** †Cycadeoidea McBridei – type locality for species
** †Cycadeoidea minnekahtensis – type locality for species
** †Cycadeoidea nana – type locality for species
** †Cycadeoidea occidentalis – type locality for species
** †Cycadeoidea paynei – type locality for species
** †Cycadeoidea pulcherrima – type locality for species
** †Cycadeoidea stillwelli – type locality for species
** †Cycadeoidea turrita – type locality for species
** †Cycadeoidea Wellsii – type locality for species
* †Dakotadon
** †Dakotadon lakotaensis
* †Dakotaraptor – type locality for genus
** †Dakotaraptor steini – type locality for species
* †Desmatochelys
* †Didelphodon
* †Diplodocus
* †Discoscaphites
** †Discoscaphites conradi
** †Discoscaphites gulosus
** †Discoscaphites rossi – type locality for species
* †Dolichorhynchops
** †Dolichorhynchops osborni
* †Edmontonia
** †Edmontonia longiceps
* Life restoration of the Late Cretaceous duck-billed dinosaur Edmontosaurus annectens †Edmontosaurus
* †Elasmosaurus
** †Elasmosaurus intermedius – type locality for species
* †Enchodus
* †Eubostrychoceras
* †Eucalycoceras
* †Eutrephoceras
* †Geosternbergia
** †Geosternbergia maiseyi – type locality for species
* Gleichenia
* †Globidens
** †Globidens alabamensis
** †Globidens dakotensis – type locality for species
** †Globidens schurmanni – type locality for species
* †Glyptops
* Glyptostrobus
** †Glyptostrobus europaeus
* †Gorgosaurus
* †Hainosaurus
* †Hamites
* Life restoration of the Late Cretaceous toothed bird Hesperornis †Hesperornis
** †Hesperornis regalis – or unidentified comparable form
* Hiatella – tentative report
* †Hoplitosaurus
** †Hoplitosaurus marshi – type locality for species
* †Hoploparia
* †Hoploscaphites
** †Hoploscaphites comprimus
** †Hoploscaphites melloi – type locality for species
** †Hoploscaphites nicolletii
* †Hulettia
* †Hypsilophodon
** †Hypsilophodon wielandi – type locality for species
* †Ichthyodectes
* Fossilized shell of the Early Jurassic-Late Cretaceous marine bivalve Inoceramus with a human indicating its size †Inoceramus
** †Inoceramus apicalis
** †Inoceramus ginterensis
** †Inoceramus tenuis – or unidentified related form
** †Inoceramus tenuistriatus – tentative report
* †Ischyodus
** †Ischyodus rayhaasi
* Isurus
* †Jeletzkytes
** †Jeletzkytes dorfi
** †Jeletzkytes nebrascensis
** †Jeletzkytes spedeni – type locality for species
* Lamna
* Fossilized skull of the Late Cretaceous alligator relative Leidyosuchus †Leidyosuchus
* †Lemnaceae
* †Lepidotes – tentative report
* Lepisosteus
* †Leptalestes
** †Leptalestes cooki
** †Leptalestes krejcii
* †Lucina – tentative report
* †Martinectes
** †Martinectes bonneri
* †Melvius
* †Meniscoessus
** †Meniscoessus robustus
* †Mesodma
** †Mesodma formosa
** †Mesodma hensleighi
** †Mesodma thompsoni
* †Modiolus
* Life restoration of two of the Late Cretaceous Mosasaurus †Mosasaurus
** †Mosasaurus missouriensis – type locality for species
* †Myledaphus
** †Myledaphus bipartitus
* †Nelumbo
* †Neocardioceras
** †Neocardioceras transiens – type locality for species
* Nucula
** †Nucula percrassa
* †Ophiomorpha
* †Ornithomimus
* †Osmakasaurus
** †Osmakasaurus depressus – type locality for species
* Ostrea
* †Otoscaphites
* †Oxytoma
* Fossilized skeleton of the Late Cretaceous dome-headed dinosaur Pachycephalosaurus †Pachycephalosaurus – type locality for genus
** †Pachycephalosaurus wyomingensis – type locality for species
* †Pachyrhizodus
* †Pahasapasaurus – type locality for genus
** †Pahasapasaurus haasi – type locality for species
* †Palmoxylon
* Panopea
* †Paronychodon
** †Paronychodon lacustris
* Pholadomya
* †Pistia – report made of unidentified related form or using admittedly obsolete nomenclature
* †Placenticeras
** †Placenticeras pseudoplacenta
* Platanus
* Life restoration of the Late Cretaceous mosasaur Platecarpus †Platecarpus
** †Platecarpus somenensis – or unidentified comparable form
** †Platecarpus tympaniticus
* †Plesiobaena
* †Plioplatecarpus
** †Plioplatecarpus primaevus – type locality for species
* †Prognathodon
** †Prognathodon overtoni – type locality for species
* †Proplacenticeras
* †Protocardia
* †Protosphyraena
* †Protostega
* Life restoration of the Late Cretaceous pterosaur Pteranodon †Pteranodon
** †Pteranodon longiceps
* †Ptychodus
** †Ptychodus occidentalis
* Quercus
* †Rhamnus
* †Richardoestesia
** †Richardoestesia isosceles
* Sassafras
* †Scaphites
* †Sequoia
* Solemya
* Sphaerium
* †Sphenobaiera
* †Sphenodiscus
** †Sphenodiscus beecheri – tentative report
** †Sphenodiscus lobatus
** †Sphenodiscus pleurisepta
* Squalicorax
** †Squalicorax falcatus
* Squalus
* Animated life restoration of the Late Cretaceous plesiosaur Styxosaurus †Styxosaurus
** †Styxosaurus browni
** †Styxosaurus snowii – type locality for species
* †Tatankaceratops – type locality for genus
** †Tatankaceratops sacrisonorum – type locality for species
* Taxodium
* †Thescelosaurus
** †Thescelosaurus neglectus
* †Thespesius – type locality for genus
** †Thespesius occidentalis – type locality for species
* †Torosaurus
** †Torosaurus latus
* †Toxochelys
** †Toxochelys latiremis
* †Trachodon
* †Tragodesmoceras
** †Tragodesmoceras carlilense
** †Tragodesmoceras carlilensis
* †Triceratops
** †Triceratops horridus
* †Tylosaurus
** †Tylosaurus proriger
* Fossilized skeleton of the Late Cretaceous tyrannosaur Tyrannosaurus †Tyrannosaurus
** †Tyrannosaurus rex
* Viviparus
* †Yezoites
* Yoldia
* Ziziphus

## Cenozoic
### Selected Cenozoic taxa of South Dakota

* †Aelurodon
* †Aepycamelus
* †Agnotocastor
* †Agriochoerus
* Alligator
** †Alligator prenasalis – type locality for species
* †Ambystoma
** †Ambystoma tigrinum
* Life restoration of the Miocene elephant relative Amebelodon. Margret Flinsch (1932). †Amebelodon
* †Ampelopsis
* †Amphechinus
* †Anchitherium
* Antilocapra
** †Antilocapra americana
* Apalone
* †Aphelops
* †Archaeocyon
* †Archaeohippus
* †Archaeotherium
* †Arctodus
** †Arctodus simus
* †Arctonasua
* Azolla
* †Barbourofelis
** †Barbourofelis whitfordi
* †Bathornis
** †Bathornis veredus
* Bison
** Mounted fossilized skeleton of the Pleistocene Bison latifrons, or long-horned bison †Bison latifrons
* Blarina
** †Blarina carolinensis – or unidentified comparable form
* †Bothriodon
* †Brachypsalis
* †Brachyrhynchocyon
* †Brontops
* Bufo
** †Bufo woodhousei
* Buteo
* †Calippus
* †Camelops
* Canis
** Modern mounted skeleton of Canis lupus, the grey wolf, to scale with a fossilized skeleton of the Pleistocene wolf Canis dirus, or dire wolf †Canis dirus – or unidentified comparable form
** †Canis latrans
** †Canis lupus
* †Carpocyon
* Castor
** †Castor canadensis – or unidentified comparable form
* †Catostomus
* Celtis
* Cercidiphyllum
* Charina
* Chrysemys
* Cnemidophorus
* †Colodon
* †Cormocyon
* †Cormohipparion
* Fossilized skull of the Miocene pronghorn Cosoryx †Cosoryx
** †Cosoryx furcatus
* †Cranioceras
* Crotalus
* †Cynarctoides
** †Cynarctoides acridens
** †Cynarctoides lemur
** †Cynarctoides roii
* †Cynarctus
* †Cynodesmus
* Cynomys
* †Daphoenus
* †Desmatippus
* †Desmatochoerus
* †Desmocyon
* †Diceratherium
* Life restoration of the Eocene-Miocene false saber-toothed cat Dinictis. Robert Bruce Horsfall (1913). †Dinictis
* †Dinohyus
* †Dipoides
* †Domnina
* †Duchesnehippus
* †Duchesneodus
* †Ectopocynus
* †Ekgmowechashala
** †Ekgmowechashala philotau – type locality for species
* Elaphe
** †Elaphe vulpina
* †Elomeryx
* †Enhydrocyon
* †Entelodon
* †Eopelobates
* †Epicyon
* Equus
** †Equus francisci
** †Equus giganteus – or unidentified comparable form
* †Etheostoma
* Life restoration of the Miocene elephant relative Eubelodon †Eubelodon
* †Eucastor
* †Eucommia
* Eumeces
** †Eumeces septentrionalis
* †Eusmilus
* Ficus
* Geomys
* †Gigantocamelus
* Glyptostrobus
* †Gomphotherium
* Graptemys
* Fossilized lower jaw of the Miocene-Pleistocene llama relative Hemiauchenia †Hemiauchenia
* †Hemicyon
* †Herpetotherium
** †Herpetotherium fugax
* †Hesperocyon
* †Hesperotestudo
* Heterodon
* †Heteromeryx
* †Hipparion
* †Hippotherium
* †Homotherium – or unidentified comparable form
* †Hoplophoneus
* Life restoration of the Eocene-Miocene creodont mammal Hyaenodon †Hyaenodon
** †Hyaenodon crucians
** †Hyaenodon horridus
** †Hyaenodon montanus – or unidentified comparable form
** †Hyaenodon mustelinus – type locality for species
* Hyla
* †Hypertragulus
* †Hypisodus
* †Hypohippus
* †Hypolagus
* †Hyporhina – type locality for genus
** †Hyporhina antiqua – type locality for species
* †Hyracodon
* Ictalurus
* †Ischyrocyon
* †Ischyromys
* †Lambdoceras
* Lampropeltis
* Lepisosteus
* Lepomis
* †Leptauchenia
* †Leptictis
* Illustration of a fossilized skull of the Oligocene-Miocene dog Leptocyon †Leptocyon
* †Leptomeryx
* Lepus
** †Lepus americanus – or unidentified comparable form
* †Longirostromeryx
* †Macrorhineura – type locality for genus
** †Macrorhineura skinneri – type locality for species
* †Mammacyon
* †Mammuthus
** Life restoration of a herd of Mammuthus columbi, or Columbian mammoths. The extent of the fur depicted is hypothetical. Charles R. Knight (1909). †Mammuthus columbi
* Martes
* †Megacerops
* †Megachoerus – tentative report
* †Megaleptictis
** †Megaleptictis altidens
* †Megalictis
** †Megalictis ferox – type locality for species
* †Megalonyx
** †Megalonyx leptostomus
** †Megalonyx wheatleyi
* †Megapaloelodus – type locality for genus
* †Menoceras
* †Menops
* †Merychippus
* Restoration of a herd of the Eocene-Miocene oreodont mammal Merychyus †Merychyus
* †Merycochoerus
* †Merycodus
* †Merycoides
* †Merycoidodon
* †Mesocyon
* †Mesohippus
* †Mesoreodon
* †Metamynodon
** †Metamynodon planifrons
* †Michenia
* Microtus
* †Miniochoerus
* †Miohippus
** †Miohippus grandis
* †Monosaulax
* †Moropus
* Mustela
* †Mylagaulus
* †Nannippus
* †Nanotragulus
* †Neohipparion – type locality for genus
* Neotoma
* Nerodia
** †Nerodia sipedon
* †Nexuotapirus
* †Niglarodon
* †Nimravus
* Notophthalmus
* †Nototamias
* †Notropis
* †Noturus – tentative report
* Ondatra
* Onychomys
* †Oreodontoides
* Ortalis
* †Osbornodon
* †Otarocyon
* †Oxetocyon
* †Oxydactylus
* Spiral-shaped fossilized burrow and associated skeleton of the Oligocene-Miocene beaver Palaeocastor †Palaeocastor
* †Palaeogale
* †Palaeolagus
* †Paracrax
* †Paradaphoenus
* †Paraenhydrocyon
* †Parahippus
* †Paramys
* †Paratomarctus
* †Paratylopus
* †Parictis
* †Peltosaurus
** †Peltosaurus granulosus
* †Peraceras
* Perognathus
* Peromyscus
* †Philotrox
** †Philotrox condoni
* †Phlaocyon
** †Phlaocyon minor
* Phrynosoma
** †Phrynosoma douglassi
* †Planera
* †Platygonus
* †Pliauchenia
* †Pliohippus
* Life restoration of the Eocene-Oligocene camel Poebrotherium †Poebrotherium
* †Pogonodon
* †Procamelus
* †Procastoroides
* †Promartes
* †Promerycochoerus
* †Proscalops
* †Protapirus
* †Proterix
* †Protoceras
* †Protohippus
* †Protolabis
* Pseudacris
* Restoration of the Miocene cat Pseudaelurus †Pseudaelurus
* †Pseudhipparion
* †Pseudoprotoceras
* Querquedula
* †Rana
** †Rana catesbeiana
** †Rana pipiens
* Reithrodontomys
* Rhineura
* Salvadora
* Scaphiopus
* †Sespia
* Sorex
** †Sorex cinereus
* Spea
* Spermophilus
* Mounted fossilized skeleton of the Pliocene-Pleistocene elephant relative Stegomastodon †Stegomastodon
** †Stegomastodon mirificus
* †Steneofiber
* Strix
* †Stylemys
* †Subhyracodon
* †Sunkahetanka
** †Sunkahetanka geringensis
* Sylvilagus
** †Sylvilagus floridanus
* Tapirus
* Restoration of the Miocene-Pliocene rhinoceros Teleoceras †Teleoceras
** †Teleoceras major
* Thamnophis
** †Thamnophis sirtalis
* Thomomys
* †Titanotylopus
* †Trigenicus
* †Trigonias
* Tympanuchus
* †Ursavus
* †Ustatochoerus
* Zapus
* Zelkova