OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Comeniology

Comeniology or Comenius studies (Czech: Komeniologie) is the academic discipline dedicated to the comprehensive study of the life, contributions, and educational philosophy of John Amos Comenius (1592–1670). Hailing from Moravia, Comenius was not only an educator but also a prominent philosopher and theologian. His enduring influence has secured him a significant place in the annals of education, making him one of the most pivotal figures in the history of education and pedagogy.

## Overview

Comeniology has emerged as a dynamic and rapidly growing field of study, gaining prominence in various countries: Croatia, Finland, Germany, Poland, Hungary, the Netherlands, Slovakia, Ukraine, etc., even as far away as Japan. The establishment of comeniological societies and journals underscores the increasing interest in exploring Comenius's legacy and its implications for contemporary educational discourse. The diverse range of comeniological research, spanning the history of education, educational theory, pedagogy and curriculum development, reflects the multifaceted impact of Comenius's ideas.
Comeniology provides valuable insights for those interested in the history of education, educational theory, pedagogy or curriculum development. By delving into Comenius's contributions, scholars and educators can gain a deeper understanding of the historical foundations of educational thought. Moreover, studying comeniology can illuminate the challenges and opportunities that persist in contemporary education, offering lessons from one of the most influential figures in the history of education.

### Key themes

In addition to studying the life, views, contribution and works of Jan Amos Comenius, this scientific discipline also explores several key themes:
* Universal Education:
Comenius's conviction that education should be universally accessible, regardless of social status or background, remains a foundational theme. This principle aligns with modern aspirations for inclusive and equitable education.
* Natural Teaching Methods:
Comenius's advocacy for teaching methods grounded in observation, experience, and discovery resonates with current educational paradigms that emphasize hands-on, experiential learning approaches.
* Critical Thinking Skills:
Comenius's emphasis on the development of critical thinking skills reflects a timeless educational goal. Today, fostering critical thinking is recognized as essential for empowering individuals to navigate a complex and rapidly changing world.
* Language Learning:
Comenius's pioneering work in language teaching continues to influence language education. His innovative methods have left a lasting impact on language instruction, emphasizing practical and effective approaches.
# Myint Thein (politician)

Myint Thein (Burmese: မြင့်သိန်း) is a Burmese politician who currently serves as a Pyithu Hluttaw MP for Wetlet Township.

## Political career

He is a member of the National League for Democracy. In 2015 Myanmar general election and 2020 Myanmar general election, he was elected as a Pyithu Hluttaw MP and elected representative from Wetlet Township parliamentary constituency.
# Abdelkader Laïfaoui

Abdelkader Laïfaoui (born 29 July 1981) is an Algerian international retired footballer. Mainly a central defender, he could also play as a right back.
An Algerian international since 2004, Laïfaoui was a member of the Algeria national team at the 2010 Africa Cup of Nations and the 2010 FIFA World Cup. He was also a member of the Algeria A' national team that finished fourth at the 2011 African Nations Championship in Sudan.

## Club career

In December 2005, Laïfaoui was linked with a move to Tunisian side Club Africain. Despite traveling to Tunis and agreeing to personal terms with the club, CR Belouizdad refused to release the player and an agreement on a transfer fee could not be reached.
On 25 July 2011 Laïfaoui signed a two-year contract with USM Alger, joining them on a free transfer from ES Sétif. On 14 April 2012, in a league game against MC Saïda at Saïda's Stade 13 Avril 1958, Laïfaoui was stabbed by opposing fans who stormed the pitch at the end of the game. As a result of his injuries he had to receive stitches and spend the night in hospital.

## Honours
### Club

* Won the Algerian League once with ES Sétif in 2009
* Won the Arab Champions League twice with ES Sétif in 2007 and 2008
* Won the North African Cup of Champions once with ES Sétif in 2009
* Won the North African Super Cup once with ES Sétif in 2010
* Won the Algerian Cup twice
** Once with ES Sétif in 2010
** Once with USM Alger in 2013
* Won the North African Cup Winners Cup once with ES Sétif in 2010
* Finalist of the CAF Confederation Cup once with ES Sétif in 2009
* Won the UAFA Club Cup once with USM Alger in 2012–13
* Won the Algerian Super Cup once with USM Alger in 2013
* Won the Ligue 1 once with USM Alger in 2013–14

### Country

* Has 7 caps for the Algerian National Team
* Semi-finalist of the 2010 African Cup of Nations
* Played at the 2010 FIFA World Cup
# Quwaysina Air Base

Quwaysina Air Base is a Air base of the Egyptian Air Force located 8 miles (13 km) north of Benha, Qalyubiyya Governorate, Egypt.
The base is home to 91 Squadron which flies the Mil Mi-17/Mi-8T as part of 547 Air Wing of 119 Air Division.
# Thomasia (animal)

Thomasia is a mammaliaform from the family Haramiyidae. from the Late Triassic of Europe. It is only known from teeth.

## Distribution

Fossils of the genus have been found in:

### Triassic

* Sables and Grès de Mortinsart Formations, Gaume, Belgium
* Microlestes Quarry, Frome, England
* Exter and Trossingen Formations, Germany
* Auf dem Heftgen, Syren, Luxembourg
* Klettgau Formation, Switzerland
* Gres à Avicula contorta Formation, Franche-Comté and Lorraine, France

### Jurassic

* Pant Fissure System 4, Pant Quarry, St Brides Major (community), Wales
# ARF6

ADP-ribosylation factor 6 (ARF6) is a member of the ADP ribosylation factor family of GTP-binding proteins. ARF6 has a variety of cellular functions that are frequently involved in trafficking of biological membranes and transmembrane protein cargo. ARF6 has specifically been implicated in endocytosis of plasma membrane proteins and also, to a lesser extent, plasma membrane protein recycling.

## Function

This gene encodes a member of the human ARF gene family, which is part of the Ras superfamily. The ARF genes encode small guanine nucleotide-binding proteins that stimulate the ADP-ribosyltransferase activity of cholera toxin and play a role in vesicular trafficking and as activators of phospholipase D. The product of this gene is localized to the plasma membrane, and regulates vesicular trafficking, remodelling of membrane lipids, and signaling pathways that lead to actin remodeling. A pseudogene of this gene is located on chromosome 7.
ARF6 can interact with βarrestin upon receptor activation.

## Interactions

ARF6 has been shown to interact with:
* ARRB1
* ARFIP2
* CHRM3
* EXOC5
* KIAA0090
* Rac1
# The Sisters (1957 film)

The Sisters (Russian: Сёстры, romanized: Syostry) is a 1957 Soviet epic film directed by Grigori Roshal. It based on Sisters (1918–1922), the first part of Aleksey Nikolayevich Tolstoy's The Road to Calvary trilogy.
The film depicts the Russian Empire during the First World War; two sisters in Petrograd pursue romance in the runup to the Russian Revolution.

## Plot

Set in 1914, the film opens with a silent scene of Katya riding in a carriage with Bessonov. The narrative then shifts to Dasha’s visit to Telegin’s apartment, a futurist evening, and her first meeting with Telegin. A fleeting encounter between Dasha and Telegin occurs in spring, though she fails to notice him. Katya receives violets from Bessonov and confesses her love for him. At an evening reception at the Smokovnikovs’, "The Modern Venus" is presented. Meanwhile, Telegin witnesses a factory strike and the brutal shooting of workers.
Dasha confronts Bessonov and later chastises Katya, prompting Katya to confess her infidelity to her husband. The sisters part ways: Katya goes to Paris, while Dasha takes her exams and travels to Samara to join their father. On a steamboat along the Volga, Dasha encounters Telegin again.
At her father’s home, Dasha learns of the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand. Her father sends her to Crimea to find Katya’s husband, Nikolai Ivanovich, hoping he can help Katya overcome her turmoil in Paris. In Crimea, Bessonov tries to climb into Dasha’s room through a window, but she rejects him. Telegin arrives to bid farewell to Dasha before departing for the front as World War I begins.
Dasha receives news that Telegin is missing in action and begins working as a nurse. Katya returns to Russia, reuniting with her family in Moscow, where Nikolai Ivanovich introduces Vadim Roshchin. Meanwhile, Telegin, held captive, participates in a mutiny triggered by a Russian officer’s suicide, escapes a tribunal, and flees. Katya also becomes a nurse.
By 1917, Roshchin bids farewell to Katya before heading to the front, and they confess their love for one another. Telegin arrives in Moscow and reunites with Dasha at a hospital. He travels to Petrograd, witnessing numerous demonstrations.
During the February Revolution, Telegin returns to Moscow, where he and Dasha observe a session of the Workers' Deputies’ Council. Now married, they settle into a sparse apartment in Petrograd. Nikolai Ivanovich, while agitating soldiers at the front, is lynched after an ill-judged statement. Back in Petrograd, the sisters share secrets about Roshchin in the Telegins' apartment. Later, Roshchin visits for dinner before leaving to join the Volunteer Army.

## Production

The Sisters was filmed in St. Petersburg, including in the Summer Garden. Music was composed by Dmitry Kabalevsky.

## Release

The Sisters was released in the Soviet Union on 24 September 1957, and in the West in 1959.
It was the highest-grossing film in the Soviet Union for 1957, with 42.5 million tickets sold.
# Aquaemermis

Aquaemermis is a genus of nematodes belonging to the family Mermithidae.
Species:
* Aquaemermis macrocarpus Rubzov, 1979
* Aquaemermis mirabilis Rubzov, 1973
# Sophie Hansson

Sophie Elizabeth Hansson (born 2 August 1998) is a Swedish Olympic swimmer. She competed in the women's 100 metre breaststroke event at the 2016 Summer Olympics. Her older sister Louise Hansson is also a competitive swimmer.
Hansson represents Helsingborgs SS.
# Budding Prospects

Budding Prospects: A Pastoral is a 1984 novel by T. C. Boyle. It details the misadventure of protagonist Felix Nasmyth, who plans to get rich quick by illegally growing marijuana.

## Plot

Felix Nasmyth, the first-person narrator, is a young man who, as he tells readers right at the beginning of the book, has "always been a quitter". Without any hopes for the future, he is persuaded by one of his few friends to take part in a "summer camp"—a secluded rural area in Mendocino County, California-and grow marijuana on a large scale.
The illegal business venture seems doomed from the start, but for once Nasmyth decides to prove something to himself and follow through. In the end, after many misadventures, the venture is a failure.
At the same time Nasmyth has made the acquaintance of a lovely girl and has fallen in love with her. He ends his narrative on an optimistic note, returning to the girl with plans to "plant a little seed".

## Themes

Capitalism, male fellowship, drug and alcohol abuse, and the war on drugs are all featured extensively throughout the book.

### Capitalism

Capitalism in the North American tradition is examined throughout the book - although mostly from an illegal business framework. The book specifically focuses on the ironic use of capitalism by society's subversive elements. The financier of the project, Vogelsang, is described as an apprentice to Andrew Carnegie or Jay Gould, and involved in various investments and trading of commodities. Vogelsang's agricultural expert, Boyd Dowst, is described as an optimistic Yankee farmer with a master's degree from Yale. The opening two epigraphs quote Benjamin Franklin and the Death of a Salesman. A water pipeline, central to the survival of the group's crop and enterprise, comes under attack at various points in the book from a neighbor and a bear. At one point, the proprietor of an illegal glory-hole-based sexual business is described with great similarity to J. P. Morgan - his rosacea, his affinity for cigars, his cane, and a copy of The Wall Street Journal. In another passage, Felix expands upon the group's beliefs in and possible disillusionment with - if the project fails - the principles of the classless society, upward mobility, and the law of the jungle.

### The war on drugs

The authorities are largely symbolized by the California Highway Patrol, and are one of the many threats to the group's illegal enterprise. Felix's paranoid thoughts focus on Officer Jerpbak, with whom he has several hostile and unrelated encounters throughout. The book is set during the high-profile war on drugs in Northern California administered by George Deukmejian in the early 1980s.

## Book information

Budding Prospects by T. C. Boyle
* Hardcover - ISBN 0-670-19439-5 (first edition) published by Viking Press
* Paperback - ISBN 0-14-029996-3 published by Penguin Books

## TV adaptation

In September, 2016, Amazon Video greenlit a pilot based on the book. The series stars Will Sasso as Gesh, and is directed by Terry Zwigoff. The pilot became available for streaming on March 17, 2017.
# List of mammals of Saint Pierre and Miquelon

This is a list of the mammal species recorded in Saint Pierre and Miquelon. There are two mammal species in Saint Pierre and Miquelon, both of which are dolphins. There is inadequate information to make an assessment of the risks to either species.

## Order: Cetacea (whales)

The order Cetacea includes whales, dolphins and porpoises. They are the mammals most fully adapted to aquatic life with a spindle-shaped nearly hairless body, protected by a thick layer of blubber, and forelimbs and tail modified to provide propulsion underwater.
* Suborder: Odontoceti
** Superfamily: Platanistoidea
*** Family: Delphinidae (marine dolphins)
***** Genus: Lagenodelphis
****** Fraser's dolphin, L. hosei DD
***** Genus: Grampus
****** Risso's dolphin, G. griseus DD
# Lounes Laouzai

Lounes Laouzai (born 26 December 1989) is an Algerian former professional footballer who played as a defender.

## Career

Laouzai was born in Tizi Ouzou. He signed with MC Alger from JS Bordj Ménaïel in the summer of 2007. In 2009, he joined Topvar Topoľčany in the Slovak Second League. In 2010, he returned to Algeria and signed with MC Saïda.
# Raymond Reierson

Raymond Reierson (October 7, 1919 – January 30, 2020) was a politician from Alberta, Canada. He served in the Legislative Assembly of Alberta from 1952 to 1971 as a member of the Social Credit caucus in government. Reierson held numerous portfolios in the governments of Premier Ernest Manning and Harry Strom from 1955 to 1971. He was born in Edberg in 1919, the son of Reier and Bertha C. (née Sorensen) Reierson.

## Political career

Reierson first ran for the Alberta Legislature as the Social Credit candidate in the electoral district of St. Paul in the 1952 general election. He narrowly defeated Liberal candidate Laval Fortier to hold the seat for his party.
In the 1955 general election Reierson defeated Liberal candidate J.R. Sweeney with over half the popular vote.
On August 2, 1955, Premier Ernest Manning appointed Reierson Minister of Industries and Labour. He was re-elected in the 1959 Alberta election with a very solid majority.
On September 1, 1959, Premier Manning changed Reierson's portfolio to Labour. He was re-elected in the 1963 general election with over half the popular vote in his district.
Reierson was re-elected in the 1967 general election in a race against three other candidates.
After the election Premier Manning gave Reierson a second portfolio, the Minister of Education, in addition to the Labour portfolio. A year later Reierson entered the 1968 leadership contest. He finished third on the first ballot and withdrew from the race.
On December 12, 1968, Harry Strom, the new premier, retained Reierson in the Labour portfolio and added the Telephones portfolio to Reierson's responsibilities.
In 1970, as Minister of Telephones, Reierson lobbied the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission to give Alberta Government Telephones exclusive control of distributing television content from the United States. He believed his plan would lower subscriber costs from $6 a month at the time to $1 a month and allow the best content from the three US networks in operation at the time. This was in response to new CRTC rules that only allowed cable providers to carry one US Commercial station.
Reierson was defeated in the 1971 general election by Progressive Conservative candidate Mick Fluker.

## Later life and death

In 2006 Reierson, Nick Dushenski and Arthur Dixon visited the Alberta Legislature as its most senior former members during its centennial celebration. He turned 100 in 2019 and died in January 2020.
# Titanocetus

Titanocetus ("Titano whale") is a genus of extinct cetaceans closely related to the family Cetotheriidae.

## Discovery

The fossil remains of Titanocetus were discovered within some marine deposits dating back to the Serravallian (middle Miocene) and belonging to the Fumaiolo Formation (Republic of San Marino). The whale was then described in 1900 by the Italian paleontologist Giovanni Capellini, who later (1901) named it Aulocetus sammarinensis. Over a century later, in 2006, the paleontologist Michelangelo Bisconti stated that the remains was too different from the type species of the genus Aulocetus and thus established a new genus, Titanocetus.

## Description

This whale was similar in appearance to the living Balaenopteridae, although it was considerably smaller: the skull barely exceeded one meter in total length, while the entire animal reached around six meters.
Considered nowadays to be a primitive member of the Mysticeti, already equipped with baleen, Titanocetus was a carrier of both modern (i.e. the rostrum, wide and flat) and ancestral characters (i.e. the squamosal and parietal bones, which occupy part of the temporal fenestra).
# DDB1

DNA damage-binding protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DDB1 gene.

## Gene

The gene's position is on chromosome 11q12-q13.

## Protein

The DDB1 gene encodes the large subunit of DNA damage-binding protein, a heterodimer composed of a large and a small (DDB2) subunit. DDB1 contains 1140 amino acids, amounting to a mass of 127 kDa.

## Function

As its name suggests, DDB1 was initially implicated in the process of a specific type of DNA repair known as nucleotide excision repair. Since then, researchers have found that DDB1 primarily functions as a core component of the CUL4A- and CUL4B-based E3 ubiquitin ligase complexes. DDB1 serves as a bridge or adaptor protein which interacts with dozens of proteins known as DDB1 and CUL4-associated factors (DCAFs). These DCAFs are often ubiquitin ligase substrates and regulate numerous essential processes in the cell including DNA repair (DDB2), DNA replication, chromatin remodeling (Cdt2) and more.

## Interactions

DDB1 has been shown to interact with Transcription initiation protein SPT3 homolog, GCN5L2, DDB2, CUL4A, CUL4B and P21.
# Rent Boys

Rent Boys (German: Die Jungs vom Bahnhof Zoo) is a 2011 German documentary film directed, written and produced by Rosa von Praunheim. The film was shown at the Berlin International Film Festival and the Queer Lisboa International Film Festival in 2011, for example.

## Plot

The realities of life of male prostitutes in Berlin are dealt with through interviews with young men who are or were sex workers. The film also gives an insight into the scene and the lives of these men. The film remains nonjudgmental and factual and shows the gay "hustler scene" as a social sub-milieu that is shaped by tragic fates as well as by everyday things and routines. Not only the direct sale of sexual services is discussed, but also other aspects of male prostitution such as poverty, drug addiction, mental stress, risk of sexually transmitted diseases, crime, migration, love and partnership. Innkeepers from bars where male sexworkers start their business, and clients of male prostitutes, such as the Austrian actor and director Peter Kern, also have their say.

## Production notes

When making the film, Rosa von Praunheim worked together with street workers from the association Hilfe-für-Jungs in Berlin, which provides socio-educational, psychological and medical services for male sexworkers.
The film has already been shown over 25 times on German television.

## Awards

* 2012: Grimme-Preis
* 2013: Nominated for the "Best Documentary"-Award at the Merlinka Festival

## Reception

"Von Praunheim's questions are clear and not suggestive. The surprising openness of the boys gives an idea of the trust that the director enjoys in them and that is never abused in the film. This contributes greatly to authenticity." (Grimme-Preis Jury)
# Pandaan-Malang Toll Road

Pandan-Malang Toll Road is a toll road in East Java, Indonesia. This 38.48-kilometre (23.91 mi) highway connects Malang city with Pandaan of Pasuruan Regency. The toll road will reduce traffic movement of arterial roads and national roads, which facilitates industrial transportation to Malang and Batu city. The toll road reduced the travel time of Pandaan-Pasuruan-Malang to less than an hour.

## Sections

Pandaan-Malang toll road is divided into five sections,
* Section I: Pandaan-Purwodadi is 15.47 km
* Section II: Purwodadi-Lawang 8.05 km
* Section III: Lawang-Singosari 7.10 km
* Section IV: Singosari-Pakis 4.75 km
* Section V: Pakis-Malang 3.11 km

## Exits

| Province | Location | km | mi | Exit | Name | Destinations | Notes |
| East Java | Pandaan, Pasuruan Regency | 56.0 | 34.8 | Gempol–Pandaan Toll Road | Gempol–Pandaan Toll Road | Gempol–Pandaan Toll Road | Gempol–Pandaan Toll Road |
| East Java | Pandaan, Pasuruan Regency | 56.6 | 35.2 | 56 (798) | Pandaan Toll Gate | PandaanPrigenSukorejo | Northern Terminus |
| East Java | Purwodadi, Pasuruan Regency | 72.2 | 44.9 | 72 (814) | Purwodadi Toll Gate | PurwodadiPurwodadi Botanical Garden | |
| East Java | Lawang, Malang Regency | 79.9 | 49.6 | 80 (822) | Lawang Toll Gate | Lawang | |
| East Java | Singosari, Malang Regency | 88.1 | 54.7 | 88 (830) | Singosari Toll Gate | SingosariBatu | |
| East Java | Pakis, Malang Regency | 93.0 | 57.8 | 93 (835) | Pakis Toll Gate | Pakis Abdul Rachman Saleh Airport | |
| East Java | Kedungkandang, Malang | 96.0 | 59.7 | 96 (838) | Malang Toll Gate | MalangKepanjen | Southern terminus |
| East Java | Kedungkandang, Malang | 96.4 | 59.9 | Malang–Kepanjen Toll Road | Malang–Kepanjen Toll Road | Malang–Kepanjen Toll Road | Malang–Kepanjen Toll Road |
| 1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi Route transition Unopened ||||||||
# Schlumper

The Schlumper is a river of Saxony, Germany.
# Sid Ali Lamri

Sid Ali Lamri (Arabic: سيد علي العمري; born February 3, 1991) is an Algerian professional football player who plays for Olympique Akbou. He plays primarily as a central midfielder.

## Club career

Born in Sétif, Lamri started his career in the youth ranks of his hometown club ES Sétif. In 2008, Lamri was a member of Sétif's under-17 team that won the Algerian U17 Cup, and followed that up two years later with the Algerian U20 Cup trophy with Setif's under-20 team.
In 2014, Lamri played a key role in Sétif's 2014 CAF Champions League triumph, starting in first the leg of the final against AS Vita Club, which ended 2-2, and coming as a substitute in the return leg.

## Honours

ES Sétif
* CAF Champions League (1): 2014
* CAF Super Cup: 2015
* Algerian Ligue 1 (2): 2014–15, 2016–17
CS Constantine
* Algerian Ligue 1 (1): 2017–18