OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Vojtěch Rödl

Vojtěch Rödl (born 1 April 1949) is a Czech American mathematician, Samuel Candler Dobbs Professor at Emory University. He is noted for his contributions mainly to combinatorics having authored hundreds of research papers.

## Academic Background

Rödl obtained his PhD from the School of Mathematics and Physics at Charles University in 1976. His supervisor was Zdeněk Hedrlín.
From 1973 to 1987 he lectured at the School of Nuclear and Physical Engineering at the Czech Technical University in Prague. He has held visiting positions in various institutions including McMaster University, University of Waterloo, Bell Laboratories, Microsoft, Charles University, Mathematical Institute of the Czech Academy of Science, Bielefeld University, as well as at Humboldt University in Berlin.
He serves on the editorial board of several international journals.
He has given lectures at many conferences, including plenary address in 2014 at the International Congress of Mathematicians in Seoul and an invited lecture in 1990 at the International Congress of Mathematicians in Kyoto.
He has several joint publications with Paul Erdős, and so has Erdős number one.

## Research

Rödl has published more than four hundred papers, mostly in combinatorics. He is mostly known for his contributions to Ramsey theory, extremal problems, and probabilistic combinatorics.

## Awards

* 1977 – Silver medal of the Union of Czechoslovak Mathematicians and Physicists
* 1985 – Czechoslovak State prize (jointly with Nesetril)
* 1996 – Humboldt Prize
* 2005 – Felber Medal (Czech Technical University)
* 2011 – Bolzano Medal (Czech Academy of Science)
* 2012 – Polya Prize (jointly with M.Schacht)
* 2013 – Neuron Prize
* 2003 and 2017 Honorary doctorate (Technical University of Liberec and Czech Technical University Prague respectively)
In 1983 with P. Frankl he solved a 1000$ problem of Paul Erdős. Since 2010 Rödl has been a Foreign Fellow of the Czech Learned Society.

## Books

* Nešetřil, Jaroslav; Rödl, Vojtěch, eds. (1991). Mathematics of Ramsey Theory. Algorithms and Combinatorics. Vol. 5. Springer. ISBN 0-387-18191-1. 2012 pbk reprint
# Samen Rural District

Samen Rural District (Persian: دهستان سامن) is in Samen District of Malayer County, Hamadan province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Kahkadan.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the rural district's population was 7,114 in 1,844 households. There were 6,687 inhabitants in 2,003 households at the following census of 2011. The 2016 census measured the population of the rural district as 5,396 in 1,759 households. The most populous of its 21 villages was Kahkadan, with 2,230 people.
# Amiga, Inc. (South Dakota)

Amiga, Inc. of South Dakota was a personal computer company, originally a wholly owned subsidiary of Gateway 2000, Inc., predating the Amiga, Inc. of Washington. It was based upon the intellectual property of the German company Escom AG, and had descended from the original Commodore Amiga personal computer series from the 1980s and 1990s.

## History

This instance of Amiga, Inc. was incorporated in South Dakota in 1997, as a wholly owned subsidiary of Gateway 2000, Inc. (later renamed Gateway, Inc.) After acquiring from the German company Escom AG certain Amiga-related intellectual property assets in 1997, Gateway decided to keep the patents, and try to run Amiga, Inc. as a separate unit. It was originally intended to develop two new operating systems, announced as "AmigaOS 4" and "AmigaOS 5". Amiga, Inc. was initially led by Jeff Schindler, then by Jim Collas, and later by Tom Schmidt. Other employees included Darreck Lisle (event coordinator), Marylin Flint (operations manager), Joe Torre (senior engineer) and Kelli Newby, née Macomber, (executive administrative assistant). Independent subcontractors who also briefly worked (without being hired) for Amiga, Inc. included William "Bill" McEwen and Barrie Jon "Fleecy" Moss.
In 1999, when Gateway closed Amiga, Inc., Bill McEwen and Fleecy Moss obtained from Gateway the amiga.com Internet domain and a license to incorporate a new independent company, also named Amiga, Inc., but incorporated in the state of Washington.
# Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research

The Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research (Swedish: Stiftelsen för strategisk forskning, SSF) is a Swedish independent research-funding foundation. Its objective is to "support research in natural science, engineering and medicine that strengthens Sweden’s competitiveness". It is located in the World Trade Center in Stockholm, Sweden.
SSF was founded in 1994 by the Swedish government when the employee funds was discontinued under the Bildt Cabinet. When the Foundation was established in 1994 the government decided on a budget allocation of 6 billion. Almost 12 billion is distributed since then and in April 2014, the Foundation, thanks to good asset management and stock market growth, had a capital of about 11 billion. The funding of various projects by SSF in 2015 amounted to SEK 600,000,000.

## Research programs

SSF awards research grant of approximately SEK 600 million per year. SSF has funded graduate schools, a form of graduate programs that were important for the advent of the state-funded graduate schools.
Synergy Grant, former framework grants, supports a number of scientists from one large team of researchers or from a few independent research teams, co-located or at different colleges or institutes, which work together to solve an important research problem. SSF also supports strategic research centra. SSF also supports young scientists through programs as "future research leaders" and "Ingvar Carlsson Award". In an application form, mobility between universities and industry in both directions is stimulated.

## Executive directors

* 1994–1998: Ingvar Lindgren
* 1999–2005: Staffan Normark
* 2005–2012: Lars Rask
* 2012-2013: Torbjörn Fagerström
* 2013–present: Lars Hultman

## Reports and media

In August 2012, it was revealed by the Swedish newspaper Dagens Nyheter that the foundation had spent large sums of its money on a party and pr rather than research grants. Between 2009 and 2012, a total of SEK 9,300,000 was paid out to the party organizer and pr-consultant Micael Bindefeld.
Together with the economist Stefan Fölster the Foundation published the report "Every other job be automated within 20 years" in 2014, which had a great impact in society and in the media., The report is about the ongoing digitalization and what the consequences are for the Swedish labor market. The calculations are based on a previous study at Oxford University about the US labor market, and converted into the Swedish labor market. During the Almedalen 2014 the Foundation held a seminar entitled "Busy Doing Nothing" with the same theme and with Andrew Mcafee, author of the book "The Second Machine Age", as the main speaker, which also received great attention in the media.
The following year, in 2015, SSF published the follow-up of the new jobs that can be created due to digitization, "The new jobs in the automation era".
In Almedalen in 2016 the Foundation arranged the seminar "Villain, sick or family - who will have your DNA?" and issued a report with the same name, also received media attention.,
# Tomasz Szatkowski

Tomasz Szatkowski (born 10 May 1978) is a Polish politician and political scientist. From 2019 he has served as an ambassador to NATO. He is a specialist in national security domain, in particular defense and armaments policy.

## Life

Szatkowski was born in Słupsk. In his youth, Szatkowski had been a background actor, playing in movies by Andrzej Wajda and Jerzy Hoffman.
He holds an M.A. in law from the University of Warsaw. He also has degrees in postgraduate studies in national security (University of Warsaw) and war studies (King's College London), intelligence policy (King's College London). He has also been trained at the Naval Postgraduate School in Monterey and Defence Academy of the United Kingdom in Shrivenham.
He received scholarships from the UK Ministry of Defence (2004), the US Department of State (2007), and the German Marshall Fund (2013), among others. Szatkowski participated in the program of the Munich Security Conference Munich Young Leaders (2019).
He has held senior positions in the Polish state, defence industry, public media and the European Parliament. Between 2006 and 2008 he was member of the board of supervisors of Bumar-Labedy, in 2007 he became deputy president of the company. He was chief of the cabinet of deputy prime minister Przemysław Gosiewski and advisor to Zbigniew Wasserman. From 3 November 2009 to 18 December 2009 he was acting general director of Telewizja Polska (TVP). From 2009 to 2012 he worked as advisor on defense policy at the European Parliament. He was also member of the board of supervisors of TVP (2009–2011). He was also presiding the National Centre for Strategic Studies think tank. In 2015 he was invited by the president Andrzej Duda to the National Development Council – Security, Defense, Foreign Policy Section.
Between 17 November 2015 and 18 July 2019 he was the deputy minister of national defence, responsible for international affairs, organization of the 2016 NATO Summit in Warsaw, Strategic Defence Review, and negotiations with the Americans on increasing their military presence in Poland.
On 23 July 2019, Szatkowski was nominated Poland ambassador to NATO. He was recalled by new Polish government led by Donald Tusk on 31 May 2024.
# Sara Coward

Sara Coward (30 January 1948 – 12 February 2017) was an English actress and writer. She was known for her role as Caroline Sterling in the BBC Radio 4 soap opera The Archers.

## Early life and career

Coward was born and raised in Eltham, south-east London and attended the girls' grammar school in the area before reading English and Drama at Bristol University and then studied at the Guildhall School of Music and Drama. While she was performing the role of Lady Macbeth in repertory theatre, Vanessa Whitburn, a producer from The Archers saw her and offered her the role of Caroline Bone, as the character was originally known.
Coward first appeared in The Archers in 1977, and was a regular from 1979 until September 2016. She also appeared in the TV productions Inspector Morse, Hetty Wainthropp Investigates and Rumpole of the Bailey.

## Death

Coward was diagnosed with breast cancer in 2013. She underwent a mastectomy; however, a lump was found in her neck afterwards and she was further diagnosed with terminal cancer in 2016. During her last weeks, Coward launched a campaign named SM:)E ("smile") to encourage people to be friendly and kind to each other.
Sara Coward died on 12 February 2017 in a Warwickshire hospice, at the age of 69.

## Filmography

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 1972 | New Scotland Yard | Sandra Williams | Episode: "Ask No Questions" |
| 1987 | Inspector Morse | Lynn | Episode: "The Wolvercote Tongue" |
| 1992 | Rumpole of the Bailey | Elspeth Dodds | Episode: "Rumpole and the Reform of Joby Jonson" |
| 1997 | Hetty Wainthropp Investigates | Receptionist | Episode: "Daughter of the Regiment" |
# Cibolo Formation

The Cibolo Formation is a geologic formation in Texas. It preserves fossils dating back to the Permian period.
# The Crockett Times

The Crockett Times is a weekly community newspaper serving Crockett County, Tennessee.

## History

The paper was first published as The Crockett County Sentinel in 1873. In 1933, Leslie Sims began publishing The Crockett Times and merged the paper with the Sentinel (of Bells) and The Tri-County News (of Friendship). Published in Alamo, it is the oldest continually operated business in Crockett County.

## Sources

* History & Genealogy - Newspapers at TSLA
* Rootsweb
* Congressman John Tanner - 8th district media
* This Tennessee newspaper-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# W. M. Holland

William Meredith Holland (March 29, 1875 – March 11, 1966), was an American attorney and judge, serving as mayor of Dallas in 1911–15.

## Biography

William Meredith Holland was born March 29, 1875, in Dallas, Texas to William Colter Holland and Sarah Jones Saffell. He married Frances Elnora Beggs, daughter of Hamilton T. Beggs, Jr., and Virginia Dunnavant on 24 Jun 1909 in Dallas, Texas. They had three children: Virginia Saffel Holland, Sarah Holland, and Kathryn Holland.
He attended the University of Texas and Georgetown University Law School. He returned to Dallas where he practices law with the firm of Belsterling & Holland and later Holland, Bartlett, and Thornton. From 1907 to 1911, he served as a judge for the county court at law.
He was elected mayor in 1911; the first Dallas-born individual to become mayor of Dallas. During his term of service, a meningitis epidemic ravaged the city. The city built Parkland Hospital, a city hall building, White Rock Lake and the first sewage and water purification plants. After serving two terms as mayor, he returned to the practice of law.
In 1921 he was elected president of the Dallas Railway Company and was also vice-president of Mercantile Bank & Trust.
Among his many interests and endeavors was control of the Trinity River, building the Masonic Temple, a park system, removing the tracks from Pacific Avenue and Central Boulevard. He was a member of the Masonic Lodge and Hella Shrine Temple. William Holland died March 11, 1966, in Dallas, Texas and was interred at Oakland Cemetery, Dallas, Texas.
# Gavin Horsburgh

Gavin Horsburgh (born 26 August 1997) is a Scottish and British rower.

## Rowing career

Horsburgh from Lochwinnoch, Scotland, won a gold medal at the 2015 World Rowing Junior Championships in Rio de Janeiro and in the quadruple sculls at the World Rowing U23 Championships. He won a silver medal at the 2017 World Rowing Championships in Sarasota, Florida, as part of the lightweight quadruple sculls with Edward Fisher, Zak Lee-Green and Peter Chambers. He won a double sculls and quad sculls bronze at the 2018 British Rowing Senior Championships in Nottingham.
# Little County Court

Little County Court (German: Kleines Bezirksgericht) is a 1938 German comedy film directed by Alwin Elling and starring Hans Moser, Ida Wüst and Lucie Englisch. It was shot at the Halensee Studios in Berlin. The film's sets were designed by the art directors Gabriel Pellon and Heinrich Richter.

## Synopsis

An overenthusiastic clerk working in a district court in a suburb of Vienna gives out free legal advice and is friends with Amanda Hopfstangl. He finds himself embroiled in a legal case in which she is one of the parties.

## Cast

* Hans Moser as Karl Haselhuber
* Ida Wüst as Elisabeth Pieringer
* Lucie Englisch as Amanda Hopfstangl
* Gusti Wolf as Mizzi, Pieringers Nichte
* Eduard Wesener as Willi Hickel
* Paul Otto as Der Bezirksrichter
* Erich Fiedler as Dr. Schartenreiter
* Rudolf Carl as Strassenmusikant Postl
* Fritz Imhoff as Strassenmusikant Blaschek
* Karl Hellmer as Brandler
* Jochen Hauer as Gustav Berger
# The Penitent (disambiguation)

The Penitent or Penitent may refer to:
* The Penitent, a 1983 novel by Isaac Bashevis Singer
* The Penitent (play), a 2017 off-Broadway play by David Mamet
* The Penitent (film), a 1988 American-Mexican film
* Penitent Peak, Graham Land, Antarctica
# I Love My Mom

I Love My Mom is the debut record by North Carolina–based musician Indigo De Souza. It was self-released in June 2018 but was given a full re-release by Saddle Creek Records in June of 2021.

## Composition

The "playful, spunky, and unpredictable" songs on Mom have been seen as "folksy" garage pop, "steady" grunge and indie rock.

## Critical reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| Pitchfork | 7.2/10 |
Abby Jones for Pitchfork called the album "imperfect, unabashed, and endearing", while Marcy Donelson for AllMusic called it "an especially candid and personal set" where "De Souza solidly find[s] her footing."

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Indigo De Souza, except where noted

## Personnel

Adapted from the record's Bandcamp page.
Indigo De Souza
* Indigo De Souza – lead vocals, guitar, keys
* Owen Stone – bass, guitar, keys
* Jake Lenderman – drums, guitar
Technical
* Indigo De Souza – production
* Owen Stone – production
* Jake Landerman – production
* Colin Miller – recording, mixing, mastering
Artwork and design
* Kimberly Oberhammer – cover artwork
# Protosphagnum

Protosphagnum nervatum is the only known species of order Protosphagnales. It is only known from the Permian fossil record. In many ways, it resembles the living moss genus Sphagnum, though its leaf cells are not as strongly dimorphic as in Sphagnum.
# William II, Margrave of Meissen

Wilhelm II, the Rich (23 April 1371 – 13 March 1425) was the second son of Margrave Frederick the Strict of Meissen and Catherine of Henneberg.
Under the Division of Chemnitz of 1382, he received the Osterland and Landsberg jointly with his brothers, Frederick I, Elector of Saxony and George (d. 1402). When Margrave William I "the one-eyed" died in 1407, William and Frederick also inherited a part of Meissen. Under the 1410 Treaty of Naumburg, however, the brothers agreed to a fresh division of the Meissen territory. They agreed to divide the Osterland between themselves. They did so in 1411; William received the larger part of the Osterland, including Leipzig, which Frederick had managed to obtain instead of Jena.
William fought at his brother's side in the Hussite war in Bohemia. He is rumoured to have been married to Amelia of Mazovia. According to Karlheinz Blaschke, however, he remained unmarried.
He died on 13 March 1425.
# Manar Fraij

Manar Mustafa Ahmad Fraij (Arabic: منار مصطفى أحمد فريج; born 29 April 1988) is a Jordanian football coach and former player who is the assistant coach of the Jordan women's national team, and head coach of Saudi club Al-Ahli. She played as a forward internationally for Jordan.

## Managerial career

In February 2022, Fraij was appointed assistant coach to David Nascimento of the Jordan women's national team.

## Honours

Shabab Al-Ordon
* Jordan Women's Pro League: 2019
* Women's Jordan Cup: 2019
* WAFF Women's Clubs Championship: 2019
Al-Ahli
* SAFF Women's Cup: 2023–24
# Sarmast, Hormozgan

Sarmast (Persian: سرمست) is a village in, and the capital of, Kargan Rural District of Band-e Zarak District, Minab County, Hormozgan province, Iran. The previous capital of the rural district was the village of Kargan, now a city.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the village's population was 1,269 in 245 households, when it was in Band-e Zarak Rural District of the Central District. The following census in 2011 counted 1,274 people in 282 households, by which time the rural district had been separated from the district in the formation of Band-e Zarak District. Sarmast was transferred to Kargan Rural District created in the new district. The 2016 census measured the population of the village as 1,454 people in 355 households.
# Rapinoe

Rapinoe is a surname. Notable people with the surname include twins:
* Megan Rapinoe (born 1985), American soccer player
* Rachael Rapinoe (born 1985), American former soccer player
# Clemville Formation

The Clemville Formation is a geologic formation in Quebec. It preserves fossils dating back to the Silurian period.
# Jack Sanderson

Jack Sanderson is a professional rugby league footballer who plays as a winger or fullback for the Doncaster R.L.F.C. in the RFL League 1.
He was contracted to Hull FC in the Super League and spent time on loan from Hull at Doncaster in League 1. Sanderson also played for the Castleford Tigers in the Super League.

## Background

Sanderson came through the junior ranks at Hull FC before joining Cas.

## Career
### 2020

On 7 Mar 2020 it was reported that he had signed for the Castleford Tigers in the Super League.
Sanderson made his Super League debut in round 13 of the 2020 Super League season for the Tigers against the Huddersfield Giants, Sanderson scored a try and became Castleford Heritage player #1000.

### 2021

Sanderson joined the Bradford Bulls on a 1 year deal.

### Doncaster R.L.F.C.

On 30 Nov 2021 it was reported that he had signed for Doncaster R.L.F.C. in the RFL League 1
# Spermatophore

A spermatophore (from Greek spermato 'seed' and -phore 'bearer') or sperm ampulla is a capsule or mass containing spermatozoa created by males of various animal species, especially salamanders and arthropods, and transferred in entirety to the female's ovipore during reproduction. Spermatophores may additionally contain nourishment for the female, in which case it is called a nuptial gift, as in the instance of bush crickets. In the case of the toxic moth Utetheisa ornatrix, the spermatophore includes sperm, nutrients, and pyrrolizidine alkaloids which prevent predation because it is poisonous to most organisms. However, in some species such as the Edith's checkerspot butterfly, the "gift" provides little nutrient value. The weight of the spermatophore transferred at mating has little effect on female reproductive output.

## Arthropods

Spermatophores are the norm in arachnids and several soil arthropods. In various insects, such as bush crickets, the spermatophore is often surrounded by a proteinaceous spermatophylax. The function of the spermatophylax is to cause the female to relinquish some of her control over the insemination process allowing full sperm transfer from the spermatophore. Some species of butterflies and moths also deposit a spermatophore into the female during copulation. Examples include the speckled wood butterfly or the ornate moth, where males invest up to 10% of their body mass in creating a single spermatophore. Malaysian stalk-eyed flies also deposit a spermatophore into the female during copulation, but the spermatophore is very small in size and occupies only part of the female's vaginal capacity. This is likely an adaptation to the tendency towards high mating frequency in this species. These butterfly species have been known to use mud-puddling behavior, as demonstrated by Dryas iulia, to obtain the minerals needed in spermatophore production.

## Cephalopods

Most cephalopods use a specialized arm called the hectocotylus to deliver spermatophores to the female. The spermatophores of the giant Pacific octopus are about a meter (or yard) long. A complex hydraulic mechanism releases the sperm from the spermatophore, and it is stored internally by the female. In some cephalopods, like the argonaut octopus, the arm is detachable and capable of autonomous movement and prolonged survival inside the female, to the point that it was mistaken for a parasitic worm by George Cuvier, who gave the hectocotylus (Latin: "hundred" "hollow thing") its name. In some cases, spermatophores from multiple males might be present inside the same female simultaneously.

## Salamanders and newts

Males of most salamander and newt species create spermatophores, which the females may choose to take up or not, depending on the success of the male's mating display.
# James Davies Lewin

James Davies Lewin (April 1, 1812 – March 11, 1900) was a Canadian office holder, businessman, and politician.

## Background

Born in Womaston, Radnorshire (now Powys), Wales, the son of Samuel Lewin and Mary Furmage, Lewin was educated at the Kingston Grammar School, Wales.

## Career

He entered the British government service in 1830 and assigned to the customs department on the Miramichi River, New Brunswick. He continued in the office for twenty years. In 1855, he was elected to the Presidency of the Bank of New Brunswick, and held this position until his death. He was appointed to the Senate on the advice of Alexander Mackenzie on November 10, 1876, representing the senatorial division of St. John (Lancaster), New Brunswick. A Liberal, he served for 23 years until his death in 1900.

## Family life

He was married in 1832 to Sarah Ann Clarke, they had at least seven children.