OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Fallagate

Fallagate was a political scandal in Guernsey in 2007, over the desire by Deputies of the States of Deliberation to appear corruption free. The desire to appear corruption free cost the island's 40,000 taxpayers £60 each, and the resulting scandal led to the resignation of Laurie Morgan, the then Chief Minister of Guernsey, and the Policy Council, a committee of the States.

## Background
### Tender for Princess Elizabeth Hospital extension

The States of Guernsey put out a tender to build an extension on the Princess Elizabeth Hospital in St. Andrew. Several firms put in tenders, including R. G. Falla Ltd, Guernseys largest builder, whose bid was the cheapest by £2.4million.

### Stuart Falla

Stuart Falla took over his father's construction company, R. G. Falla Ltd, in the 1980s, and has been a shareholder since. In 2004 Falla was elected as one of the Deputies to the States of Deliberation for the parish of Castel, and became the minister for commerce and employment.

## Conflict of interest

Due to an apparent conflict of interest between his position as a Deputy, and his part ownership of R. G. Falla, Stuart Falla chose not to attend a committee meeting to discuss which bid would get the contract to build the hospital extension. At the time of the meeting, R. G. Falla was the preferred tender at £25million, costing £2.4million less than the next best quote.
But when the conflict of interest was pointed out, senior Deputies pressured Stuart Falla, a recently elected Deputy of the States, to either resign his seat or withdraw his bid. R. G. Falla subsequently withdrew its tender. The contract was then awarded to the next best quote, costing the States £2.4 million.
# Giorgos Koumas

George Koumas (born 24 November 1962) is a Cypriot football administrator and member of FIFA council.
In March 2018, he was elected president of the Cyprus Football Association. In 2023, he was re-elected for another four years.

## Background

Koumas was born in Paralimni, Cyprus. He studied business and hotel management, and joined a business related to sports tourism and television licensing. He served as president of Enosis Neon Paralimini in 2005. He was deputy secretary of the Cyprus Football Association and deputy president of Cyprus Football Association, and an executive committee member in UEFA until 2019, and member of the FIFA council in 2019.

## Controversies

In 2018, journalist Fanis Makrides accused Koumas of secretly owning several companies registered in Seychelles and the British Virgin Islands, which Cypriot semi-governmental organisation CYTA allegedly bought television rights from. This is said to have taken place while Koumas held the Deputy President position at the CFA. In 2024, Koumas and the CFA were accused of intervening to suspend an award Makrides was set to receive from the Cyprus Sports Journalists' Union. The award would recognize Makrides' investigation on Koumas' business dealings and potential conflicts of interest.
In 2022, then leader of football of Olympiakos Nicosia, Christoforos Tornaritis made various heavy accusations against Koumas, claiming the CFA choose who they want to be relegated and who they want to win the league every year. Tornaritis was later fined for his statements.
In April 2022, a major sports website in Cyprus, 24sports accused Koumas of corruption and called for him to resign as president of the CFA.
In June 2023, Koumas denied allegations that his group concealed UEFA red notices regarding match fixing.
On 27 September 2023, the Sports Ethics Committee in Cyprus found that Koumas has a conflict of interest as he owns several companies which trade football broadcasting rights. According to the Cypriot law, an individual cannot hold an official position in sports when they have vested business interests in the sport they are serving.
In November 2024, president of Omonia FC, Stavros Papastavrou accused Koumas and the CFA of corruption, highlighting a lack of transparency in fund handling, conflicts of interest in TV rights, biased refereeing, and selective enforcement of financial rules. Papastavrou called for Koumas’ resignation, warning of potential UEFA sanctions if reforms are not made.
# Andrea de la Nava

Andrea de la Nava Manzano (born 11 February 1994) is a Spanish footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for Logroño. She previously played for Athletic Club.

## Club career

De la Nava started her career at Pauldarrak.
# Roque González y de Santa Cruz

Roque González de Santa Cruz, SJ (17 November 1576 – 15 November 1628) was a Guaraní-Spanish Jesuit priest who was the first missionary among the Guarani in Paraguay. He was murdered in 1628 and is venerated as a martyr and a saint by the Catholic Church.

## Biography

González was born in the city of Asunción, then part of the Governorate of New Andalusia, on 17 November 1576. He was the son of a Spanish conquistador named Bartolomé González de Villaverde and Asuncion-born María de Santa Cruz, daughter of the Spaniard Juan de Santa Cruz and a Guarani woman. Both his father and grandfather arrived in South America in the fleet led by Pedro de Mendoza. Due to the large native population in the region, he spoke Guaraní fluently from an early age, as well as his native Spanish.
In 1598, at the age of 23, González was ordained a priest by Bishop Fernando Trexo y Senabria of Córdoba, to serve that diocese. In 1609 he became a member of the Society of Jesus, beginning his work as a missionary in what is now Brazil. He became the first European person to enter the region known today as the State of Rio Grande do Sul, extending the system of Jesuit reductions begun in Paraguay to that region.
González' arrival in the area happened only after his developing delicate relationships of trust with local indigenous leaders, some of whom feared that the priests were preparing the way for the arrival of masses of Spanish colonists in their land.
In 1613 González led the founding of the Reduction of San Ignacio Miní. In 1615 he founded Itapúa, which is now the City of Posadas in the Argentine Province of Misiones. Then he had to move the reduction to the other side of the river, now the site of the City of Encarnación. He also founded the reductions of Concepción de la Sierra Candelaria (1619), Candelaria (1627), San Javier, Yapeyú (now in the Province of Corrientes), San Nicolás, Asunción del Ijuí, and Caaró (now in Brazil). In the region of Iyuí, he had difficulties with the local chieftain and sorcerer (cacique) Nheçu (written Ñezú in Spanish), who opposed the missions.
On 15 November 1628, while preparing to oversee the installation of a new bell for the church at the Mission of Todos los Santos de Caaró, González was struck down and killed with a tomahawk, along with his fellow Jesuit, Juan del Castillo, upon the orders of Nheçu. After their deaths, their bodies were dragged into the church, which was set ablaze. Two days later, their colleague Alonso Rodríguez y Olmedo was also murdered by followers of Nheçu.

## Veneration

González was beatified by Pope Pius XI on 28 January 1934. He and his companions were later canonized by Pope John Paul II in Asunción, thus becoming the first native of Paraguay to be declared a saint by the Catholic Church.
González has been named the patron saint of the cities of Posadas, Argentina, and Encarnación, Paraguay. Liturgically he is commemorated on 16 November, along with the other "Martyrs of the Rio de la Plata".
# Targum (Aramaic dialects)

Targum is used by the Jews of northern Iraq and Kurdistan to refer to a variety of Aramaic dialects spoken by them till recent times. For details of these dialects, see Judeo-Aramaic language. The word "targum" simply means "translation" in Hebrew, and the primary reference of the term is the Aramaic Bible translations of that name. The Jewish use of "Targum" to mean the Aramaic language in general dates back to the early Middle Ages. An analogy is the use of "Ladino" to mean Judeo-Spanish, and of sharħ to mean Judeo-Arabic.
# Johannes Schulze

Johannes Schulze (actually Schultze; 15 January 1786 in Brüel, Mecklenburg-Schwerin – 20 February 1869 in Berlin) was a German educator and administrator.

## Biography

He studied at Halle, and taught at Weimar and Hanau. In 1813 he became chief counselor on education in Frankfurt, in 1815 a member of the Coblence consistory, and in 1818 referendary to the Prussian Ministry of Education in Berlin, a post he kept until 1840, and one in which his great work of reforming the educational methods in the higher schools of Prussia was performed. In 1849 he was appointed director of the Department of Education, an office he resigned ten years afterwards.
Schulze was an ardent Hegelian and edited Hegel's Phänomenologie des Geistes (2d ed. 1841), and some of Winckelmann's works.
Schulze had one of the greatest private libraries in Germany and in 1870 Northwestern University purchased Schulze's 20,000-volume library, increasing its holdings tenfold.
# Rachel Tayza

Rachel Tayza (Burmese: ရေချယ်တေဇ; born Htoo Htwe Tayza on 14 September 1996), also known as RACHEL, is a Burmese pop singer, songwriter, and fashion designer. She rose to fame with her solo album, Kabar. She is the daughter of Burmese business tycoon Tay Za. Since January 2023, she has faced sanctions from the US government for providing financial support to the military regime in Myanmar.

## Early life

Rachel was born on 14 September 1996 to Tay Za and Thida Zaw, the youngest of three children. Her father, Tay Za, is a business tycoon and chairman of Htoo Group of Companies.

## Career

Rachel started learning and playing the guitar at the age of 13. She discovered her real passion and has devoted her life to becoming a musician. She began her music career by making cover songs and posting them on YouTube. As a notable achievement, she made the background music album for the popular film Nya. Since then, she has become popular, having performed in various major music concerts and even live concerts.
In 2018, she started endeavoring to be able to produce and distribute her first solo album. She released her debut solo album, Kabar, on September 21, 2019, which was officially distributed to all parts of Myanmar. The album was a commercial success, reaching the top of the album charts. On 24 August 2019, she performed in Alive in Yangon's second music concert, called The Blue Night, together with Mary and Gabriel Phway. In December 2019, she released a single song and music video with featured artist X-Boxin called "Thu" on her Facebook page, which earned 1 million views within 24 hours and was the longest-leading No. 3 song in the Myanmar Top Chart on Joox.
After graduating from Polimoda in 2024, she is currently working as a fashion designer in Italy.

## Sanctions

On 31 January 2023, on the eve of the 2nd anniversary of the 2021 Myanmar coup d'état, the US government sanctioned Rachel for providing financial support to Myanmar's military regime due to her association with the Htoo Group of Companies. She is a director and shareholder of numerous subsidiaries and associated companies under the Htoo Group of Companies umbrella. She owned Nova Lifestyle Holdings, and its registration is currently suspended.
On 8 March 2024, the activist monitoring group Justice for Myanmar called for the Italian government to investigate Rachel Tayza. They demanded that her assets be seized and that she be expelled from the country. JFM reports that she is a director of at least seven private companies, including Htoo Group's businesses with direct links to the Burmese military that were established after the 2021 coup d'état. Additionally, according to JFM reports, Rachel Taze is also a director of the now-defunct Myanmar Avia Export Company Limited, which brokered Russian aircraft and spare parts.

## Discography
### Albums

* Myit (for Nya film) (2018)
* Kabar (2019)

### Singles

* Ser Myat Nar (2017)
* Ani Youn Alwan (2017)
* Thu (2019)
# Zapodidae

Zapodidae, the jumping mice, is a family of mouse-like rodents in North America and China.
Although mouse-like in general appearance, these rodents are distinguished by their elongated hind limbs, and, typically, by the presence of four pairs of cheek-teeth in each jaw. There are five toes to all the feet, but the first in the fore-feet is rudimentary, and furnished with a flat nail. The tail makes up about 60% of its body length and is used to gain balance while jumping. The cheeks have pouches. The Sichuan jumping "yeti" mouse (Eozapus setchuanus) from China can be identified by the ‘Y’ marking on its belly.
Jumping mice live in wooded areas, grassy fields and alpine meadows. When disturbed, they can leap eight to ten feet at a time, diminishing to three to four as they widen the gap between them and any pursuer. They are nocturnal and generally live alone. Nests are often found in clefts of rocks, among timber, or in hollow trees. Typically, they will have two to three litters per year.

## Taxonomy

Formerly classified in the subfamily Zapodinae alongside the birch mice and jerboas within the greater family Dipodidae, phylogenetic analysis has found the jumping mice, birch mice, and jerboas to each form their own family, with Dipodidae being restricted to the jerboas. All three families are thought to belong to the greater superfamily Dipodoidea.

## Classification

There are 11 recent species listed by the American Society of Mammalogists as of 2021.
Family Zapodidae, jumping mice
* Genus Eozapus
** Chinese jumping mouse, Eozapus setchuanus
* Genus Napaeozapus
** Western woodland jumping mouse, Napaeozapus abietorum
** Eastern woodland jumping mouse, Napaeozapus insignis
* Genus Zapus
** Northern meadow jumping mouse, Zapus hudsonius
** Southern meadow jumping mouse, Zapus luteus
** Central Pacific jumping mouse, Zapus montanus
** Oregon jumping mouse, Zapus oregonus
** South Pacific jumping mouse, Zapus pacificus
** Southwestern jumping mouse, Zapus princeps
** Northwestern jumping mouse, Zapus saltator
** North Pacific jumping mouse, Zapus trinotatus

### Fossil genera

In addition, four fossil genera are also definitively known:
* Genus †Javazapus
* Genus †Pliozapus
* Genus †Sinozapus
* Genus †Sminthozapus
# RG7713

RG7713, or RG-7713, also known as RO5028442, is a small-molecule vasopression V$_{1A}$ receptor antagonist which is or was under development for the treatment of pervasive developmental disorders or autism. It is administered by intravenous injection.
The drug is centrally penetrant and is devoid of antagonism of the vasopressin V$_2$ and oxytocin receptors. Clinical studies found induction of subtle improvements but also subtle deficits in social communication surrogates with RG7713 in adult men with high-functioning autism. A 2024 meta-analysis of vasopressin V$_{1A}$ receptor antagonists including RG7713 for autism found that they may not be effective in the treatment of the core symptoms of autism.
As of December 2018, no recent development has been reported. It reached phase 1 clinical trials. Balovaptan (RG7314) has been described as a follow-up compound of RG7713 and reached later-stage clinical trials but was found to be ineffective.
# Some Remarks

Some Remarks: Essays and Other Writing is a collection of short fiction and nonfiction by the speculative fiction author Neal Stephenson. It is primarily composed of Stephenson's previously published articles, essays, and interviews although it does contain a previously unpublished essay titled "Arsebestos" and an unfinished short story "Under-Constable Proudfoot."

## Contents

Source:
* "Introduction"
* "Arsebestos" - not previously published (2012)
       In "Arsebestos", Stephenson draws connections between characters in Charles Dickens's A Christmas Carol who suffer from a lack of physical mobility and his own chiropractic issues in order to argue for the adoption of more physically active work spaces.
* "Slashdot Interview" - (2004)
* "Metaphysics in the Royal Society 1715-2010" - (2010)
* "It's All Geek to Me" - (2007)
* "Turn On, Tune In, Veg Out" - (2006)
* "Gresham College Lecture" - (2008)
* "Spew" - (1994)
* Selected excerpts from "In the Kingdom of Mao Bell" - (1994)
* "Under-Constable Proudfoot" - not previously published (2012)
* "Mother Earth Mother Board" - (1996)
* "The Salon Interview" - (2004)
* "Blind Secularism" - (1993)
* "Time Magazine Article about Anathem" - (2012)
* "Everything and More Foreword" - (2003)
* "The Great Simoleon Caper" - (1995)
* "Locked In" - (2011)
* "Innovation Starvation" - (2011)
* "Why I Am a Bad Correspondent" - (1998)
# Miss Universe Bahrain

Miss Universe Bahrain is a national beauty pageant in Bahrain established in 2021 under the Yugen Group to choose the representation of Bahrain in the Miss Universe.

## Editions

| Edition | Date | Final Venue | Entrants | Competition Result | Competition Result | Competition Result | Ref. |
| Edition | Date | Final Venue | Entrants | Miss Universe Bahrain | 1st Runner-up | 2nd Runner-up | Ref. |
| — | November 29, 2021 | Manama, Bahrain (Designation) | — | Manar Nadeem Deyani | | | |
| 1st | September 11, 2022 | Manama, Bahrain | 7 | Evlin Abdulla Khalifa | Lujane Yacoub | Shereen Ahmed | |
| 2nd | September 2, 2023 | Mirihi Island Resort, Maldives | 7 | Lujane Yacoub | Advaita Shetty | Tuhina Carrol | |
| 3rd | 2024 | Mirihi Island Resort, Maldives | 8 | Shereen Ahmed | | | |
* ^α Manar was appointed by the Miss Bahrain Organization under Yugen Group. 2021 was the first time Bahrain joined the Miss Universe competition.

## Titleholders

* : Declared as Winner
* : Ended as runner-up or top 5/6 qualification
* : Ended as one of the finalists or semifinalists
* : Ended as special awards winner
       On occasion, when the winner does not qualify (due to age) a runner-up is sent.
| Year | Governorate | Miss Universe Bahrain | Placement at Miss Universe | Special awards |
| Josh Yugen directorship — a franchise holder to Miss Universe from 2021 |||||
| 2025 | TBA | TBA | TBA | |
| 2024 | Capital Governorate, Manama | Shereen Ahmed | Unplaced | Voice for Change (Silver Finalist) |
| 2023 | Northern Governorate, Hamala | Lujane Yacoub | Unplaced | |
| 2022 | Southern Governorate, Riffa | Evlin Abdulla Khalifa | Unplaced | |
| 2021 | Southern Governorate, Riffa | Manar Nadeem Deyani | Unplaced | |

### Wins by governorate

| Governorate | Titles | Years |
| Southern Governorate | 2 | 2021, 2022 |
| Northern Governorate | 1 | 2023 |
| Capital Governorate | 1 | 2024 |
# Karoline Stahl

Karoline Stahl (4 November 1776 – 1 April 1837) was a German writer and educator. As a governess in Livonia, Russia, and Germany for several decades, she developed didactic tales for juvenile audiences. Her works were highly regarded by the Grimms, who referred to her collections in their 1857 edition and incorporated her story Thankless Dwarf into their 1837 edition.

## Biography

Karoline Stahl was born on 4 November 1776 in Olengof, Livonia in the family of a district court secretary.
She was a teacher in Dorpat and after her marriage in 1808, she went abroad and lived for some time in Weimar and Nuremberg. There also she worked as a teacher. In 1816, she published her first book Fables, Fairy Tales and Stories for Children which are mainly moralizing and educational in nature. The book included a work that was later revised by Wilhelm Grimm and which today is one of the most famous German fairy tales White and Rose. In 1817, Stahl tried her hand at poetry by publishing a collection of poems entitled Romantische Dichtungen. In addition, from 1816 to 1820, she contributed to several local newspapers, among which was Friedrich Wilhelm Hubitz's periodical Der Gesellschafter.
Having been widowed, in 1820, Stahl returned to the Russian Empire and worked as an educator in Dorpat, Pskov and Belarus. From that time on, she became predominantly a children's writer. Her fairy tales for children and stories for young people, published partly abroad, partly in Riga and Dorpat, gained great fame and enjoyed considerable success among young readers in the first half of the 19th century.
In 1828, Stahl again left for Germany, where she worked as a governess and returned only shortly before her death. She died on 1 April 1837 in the city of Dorpat.
# Zebra Cliffs Formation

The Zebra Cliffs Formation is a geologic formation in Nunavut. It preserves fossils dating back to the Ordovician period.
# Marco Plaza

Marco Antonio Plaza Berríos (born 24 February 1982) is a Chilean former professional footballer who played as a midfielder.

## Club career

On 12 December 2009, La Estrella de Arica reported Plaza was hired by Coquimbo Unido to face the 2010 Primera B de Chile championship.
In 2015, he joined Deportes Ovalle.

## Personal life

He is the older brother of the twins Diego and Matías Plaza, who are professional footballers that have begun their careers playing for Santiago Wanderers.

## Honours
### Ñublense

* Tercera División (1): 2004

### Iberia

* Segunda División (1): 2012
# Mohsin Raza (composer)

Mohsin Raza (محسن رضا) is a Pakistani television music director.

## Career

Mohsin Raza was born in Lahore, Pakistan in 1956. He went to Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan for higher education. He started his career as a music composer in 1971 at age 15. Mohsin Raza learned music from Ustad Nazar Hussain and the pianist Master Saqib of Pakistani television at Lahore. He then worked with EMI (Pakistan) from 1973 to 1995 and with the BBC for two years (1984–1985). He has composed music for and conducted more than 500 TV programmes for Pakistani television (PTV) and Radio Pakistan.

## Notable Work
### Ghazals

* Niyat-e-shauq bhar na jaye kahin penned by Nasir Kazmi sung by Noor Jehan
* Main tere sang kaise chaloon sajna' penned by Amjad Islam Amjad sung by Noor Jehan
* Shab-e-firaq ki yaro koi sahar bhi ha sung by Abida Parveen
* Dil-e-murter ko samjhaya bohat hai sung by Farida Khanum
* Ghuncha-e-shauq laga hai khilne performed by Mehdi Hassan

### Patriotic Songs

* Roshan meri ankhon main wafa kay jo diyae hain sung by Noor Jehan
* Mera sohna Pakistan jiye performed by Bilqees Khanum
* Kabhi Aei haqeeqat muntazir penned by Allama Iqbal and sung by Mehnaz Begum.

## Awards

* 1990: Received Trophy Award at National Horse and Cattle Show by the Chief Miniter of Punjab, Pakistan.
* 1992: Received Trophy Award at National Horse and Cattle Show by the President of Islamic Republic of Pakistan.
* 1992: Received Trophy Award at National Games by the President of Islamic Republic of Pakistan.
* 1995: Received Trophy Award at National Horse and Cattle Show by the President of Islamic Republic of Pakistan.
* 1998: Received Trophy Award at 9th PTV Awards by the General Manager of Pakistan Television, Lahore.
* 2006: Received Tamgha-e-Imtiaz (Medal of Excellence) Award by Pervez Musharraf (President of Pakistan)
* 2015: Received Trophy Award at National Horse and Cattle Show
* 2017: Received Sitara-i-Imtiaz (Star of Excellence) Award by Mamnoon Hussain (President of Pakistan)