OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dominic Minghella

Dominic Albert Edward Minghella (born 1966) is a British television producer and screenwriter. His most successful project has been the creation of the ITV network comedy-drama series Doc Martin, starring Martin Clunes, which began in 2004. The main character's surname, Ellingham, is an anagram of the Minghella family name. Minghella was also the chief writer and show runner of BBC One's 2006 production Robin Hood, produced independently for the BBC by Tiger Aspect Productions.

## Family

Dominic Minghella is the brother of Loretta Minghella and the late Anthony Minghella, Max Minghella being his nephew. He read PPE at Merton College, Oxford.

## Career

As a child, Minghella starred in the first film his brother Anthony directed, A Little Like Drowning.
He co-wrote the film The Prince and the Pauper in 2000. Minghella was lead writer and executive producer of the BBC One series Robin Hood for the first two series, overseeing 26 episodes. Several of the place names used in the series were taken from place names on his native Isle of Wight. He has also written for Hamish Macbeth, starring Robert Carlyle, and for Boon.
Minghella was producer of the 2012 adaptation of Daphne du Maurier's novel, The Scapegoat, directed by Charles Sturridge and starring Matthew Rhys. He was also show runner for the first series of the American historical drama Knightfall.
In December 2018, as British Prime Minister Theresa May struggled to convince Parliament to support her Brexit agreement with the European Union, Minghella wrote and directed a three-minute political short 'The People's Vote', starring Andy Serkis in a parody of May as the two faces of his Gollum-Sméagol character, alternately coveting her 'precious' exit document and (less strongly) considering her duty to the British people, as support for a further referendum on the divisive issue.

## Personal life

In 2020, Minghella was hospitalised with COVID-19 and was unsure whether he would survive. After a few days of hospitalisation, he was well enough to be discharged.
# Mahdaviyeh

Mahdaviyeh (Persian: مهدويه) is a village in, and the capital of, Kamazan-e Sofla Rural District of Zand District, Malayer County, Hamadan province, Iran.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the village's population was 229 in 46 households. The following census in 2011 counted 385 people in 122 households. The 2016 census measured the population of the village as 378 people in 100 households.
# La Patera, California

La Patera (Spanish for "The Place of Ducks") was a historical locale in what is now the area of Goleta, California.
Prior to European settlement, the area was inhabited by the Chumash, who had a settlement in the area named Saspilil. The Portolá expedition reached the area in August 1769 and gave it the name Laguna, but this was later changed to La Patera owing to the abundant ducks inhabiting the area's wetlands.
According to Yda Addis Storke's Memorial and Biographical History of the Counties of Santa Barbara, San Luis Obispo and Ventura, California (1891), the name La Patera referred to the district comprising the Goleta valley west of Santa Barbara and east of the Rancho Cañada del Corral. Three land grants lay in this area: the Calera or Los Positas, 3,281 acres granted in 1843; Rancho Goleta, 4,440 acres; and Dos Pueblos, 15,535 acres.
# Katherine Alice Burke

Katherine Alice Burke (1875 – 6 July 1924) was a British chemist and one of the nineteen signatories of the 1904 petition to the Chemical Society.

## Early life and education

Burke was born in Surrey in 1875. She obtained her BSc. degree from her studies at Bedford College and later Birkbeck, University of London. She graduated in 1899.

## Career

Burke transferred from Birkbeck to University College, London, to work under Frederick Donnan, in the laboratory of noted Scottish chemist, William Ramsay, a strong supporter of the rights of women chemists. Burke also collaborated with Ramsay in his work on the radioactive elements.
While at University College, Burke also worked with Fellow of the Royal Society, Edward Charles Cyril Baly and his co-author on six papers Effie Marsden, on studies relating absorption spectra to chemical constitution. Burke and Marsden co-authored a paper, and she had one publication with Baly and two with Donnan.
Burke acted as a private research assistant to Ramsay and translated a book by Danish chemist, Julius Thomsen, on systematic researches in thermochemistry into English as part of her work. This translation appeared in print in 1905.
In 1906, Burke was appointed a member of staff as Assistant in the Department of Chemistry. By 1921, she had been promoted to Assistant Lecturer.

## 1904 petition to the Chemical Society

In 1904, perhaps at Ramsay's suggestion, Burke, along with 18 other British women chemists, signed a petition setting out their reasons to the Chemical Society why they should be afforded Fellowship status like their male counterparts. The petition eventually led to the admission of women as Fellows of the Society (one of the Societies that amalgamated to become the Royal Society of Chemistry), as well as identifying prominent female chemists working in Britain at this time.
Burke also signed the 1909 letter to the Chemical News along with Effie Marsden and Maud Gazdar.

## Death

Burke died on 6 July 1924. Her colleague, the Irish scientist Frederick Donnan recorded in her obituary:
   "In 1906, she was appointed a member of the Chemical Staff at University College, and from that time until her death on July 6th, 1924, she continued her teaching work, having charge of the practical laboratory work for students of the Intermediate Science class, and giving courses of lectures to more advanced students on the chemical aspects of radioactive transformations."
# Pantopholis

Pantopholis (meaning "more love") is a genus of prehistoric fish.
# Michael Meyer (swimmer)

Michael Julian Meyer (born 1 September 1992) is a South African swimmer. He competed in the men's 400 individual medley event at the 2016 Summer Olympics. He finished 17th in the heats with a time of 4:18.13 and did not qualify for the final.
# Hibbertia andrewsiana

Hibbertia andrewsiana is a species of flowering plant in the family Dilleniaceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It is a shrub with an erect or spreading habit and typically grows to a height of 15–60 cm (5.9–23.6 in). It blooms between September and January and produces yellow flowers.
The species was first formally described in 1904 by the botanist Ludwig Diels in Engler's Botanische Jahrbücher für Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie from specimens collected near Esperance.
The specific epithet (andrewsiana) honours Cecil Rollo Payton Andrews (1870 to 1951), a schoolteacher and later director of Education in Western Australia. He was also an avid plant collector and served as the President of the Western Australian Natural History Society.
The species has a small and scattered distribution along the south coast of the Goldfields-Esperance region of Western Australia between Ravensthorpe to just east of Esperance where it is found on rocky slopes and undulating plains growing in sandy soils.
# Queen City Drug Company

Queen City Drug Company was a drugstore business established in Charlotte, North Carolina. It was incorporated in 1892 and was the first Black owned and operated store in the city. It had a soda fountain. It was established by partners John Taylor Williams (Charlotte's first African American doctor), Manassa T. Pope (the city's second African American doctor) and R.B. Tyler. It was one of the city's most successful African American businesses in the 1890s. Pope's house in Raleigh, now the Pope House Museum, is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
The store was located at 422 East 2nd Street in Charlotte's Brooklyn neighborhood. John Taylor Williams served as its president. The building was demolished in the 1960s for an urban renewal redevelopment project.
# The Letters of Kingsley Amis

The Letters of Kingsley Amis (2001) was assembled and edited by the American literary critic Zachary Leader. It is a collection of more than 800 letters from Amis to many different friends and professional acquaintances from 1941 until shortly before his death in 1995. About one quarter of the letters selected were addressed to Amis's close friend, the poet Philip Larkin.
The other recipients of letters included in the book include:
* Brian Aldiss, novelist
* Martin Amis, novelist and Amis's younger son
* Philip Amis, Amis's older son
* John Betjeman, poet
* Robert Conquest, historian and poet
* Brian Cox, literary critic
* Robert Graves, poet and novelist
* Elizabeth Jane Howard, novelist, Amis's second wife
* Anthony Powell, novelist
* C. P. Snow, novelist
* Anthony Boucher, novelist
* Paul Ferris (author)
The publication of the book was concurrent with that of Experience, a memoir by Kingsley Amis's son, the novelist Martin Amis. The author David Lodge called the Letters "a major literary event" and the critic John Carey proclaimed Leader's editing of the letters to be "omniscient".
* This article about a biographical book on writers or poets is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
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# Trochotomidae

Trochotomidae is an extinct family of fossil sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the superfamily Pleurotomarioidea (according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005).
This family has no subfamilies.

## Genera

Genera within the family Trochotomidae include:
* Trochotoma, the type genus
# Descartes snark

In the mathematical field of graph theory, a Descartes snark is an undirected graph with 210 vertices and 315 edges. It is a snark, a graph with three edges at each vertex that cannot be partitioned into three perfect matchings. It was first discovered by William Tutte in 1948 under the pseudonym Blanche Descartes.
A Descartes snark is obtained from the Petersen graph by replacing each vertex with a nonagon and each edge with a particular graph closely related to the Petersen graph. Because there are multiple ways to perform this procedure, there are multiple Descartes snarks.
# Paracynarctus

Paracynarctus is an extinct genus of the Borophaginae subfamily of canids native to North America. It lived from the Early Miocene to Middle Miocene 16.0—13.6 Ma, existing for approximately 2.4 million years. It was likely an omnivore, and lacked the bone-cracking adaptations found in some later borophagines.
P. kelloggi was originally found Virgin Valley, Nevada in a Barstovian terrestrial horizon.
# Brock McGillis

Brock McGillis (born October 1, 1983) is a Canadian former ice hockey goaltender and LGBT+ advocate. He was among the first professional hockey players to come out as gay.

## Playing career

From 2001 to 2002, McGillis played in the Ontario Hockey League with the Windsor Spitfires and the Sault Ste. Marie Greyhounds. After playing for a season with the Kalamazoo Wings in the United Hockey League (UHL), he left North America to play in the Netherlands.
From 2009 to 2010, he played at Concordia University in Montréal.

## Activism

In November 2016, McGillis came out as gay. He has been an activist for LGBT+ issues with regard to North American ice hockey.
McGillis has also contributed a chapter to Bob Mackenzie's book Every Hockey Heroes. He appeared in the book Proud To Play, featuring LGBTQ+ athletes in Canada. He graced the cover of and featured in the September/October 2018 issue of IN Magazine.
McGillis has also appeared on Canadian television, including CBC News program The National, CTV's Your Morning, ET Canada Pride, and the Global National newscast. He shared the stage with Richard Branson and Billy Porter at the 2019 New York City WorldPride.
In 2020, the Toronto Maple Leafs became the first NHL team to work with him, hiring him to run a virtual workshop about homophobia for Maple Leafs personnel.
In January 2022, McGillis announced the launch of Alphabet Sports Collective, an organization to support LGBTQ+ people in hockey.
# The Three Happy Compadres

The Three Happy Compadres (Spanish: Los Tres Alegres Compadres) is a 1952 Mexican western musical comedy film directed by Julián Soler and starring Jorge Negrete, Pedro Armendáriz, Andrés Soler and Rebeca Iturbide. It was shot at the Churubusco Studios in Mexico City. The film's sets were designed by the art director José Rodríguez Granada. It is part of the tradition of Ranchera films, popular during the Golden Age of Mexican Cinema.

## Cast

* Jorge Negrete as Pancho Mireles
* Pedro Armendáriz as Baldomero Mireles
* Andrés Soler as Don Juan Mireles
* Rebeca Iturbide as Diana
* Wolf Ruvinskis as Freddy
* Lucrecia Muñoz as Chica dispara rifle
* Tito Novaro as Jugador cantina
* Armando Velasco as Agente policía
* Georgina González as Chica pide canción
* Manuel Trejo Morales as Hombre cantina
* Mario Llanes as Esbirro de Freddy
* Rogelio Fernández as Jugador cantina
* Agustín Fernández as Jugador cantina
* Rosa de Castilla as Lolita
# XHESH-FM

XHESH-FM 97.7/XESH-AM 1400 is a radio station in Sabinas Hidalgo, Nuevo León, Mexico. The station is owned by Grupo Radio Alegría and is known as Radio Sabinas.

## History

XESH-AM received its concession on October 30, 1967. It was owned by Tomás García Jiménez and broadcast on 1400 kHz with 250 watts. It was sold to the current concessionaire in 1977 and soon after raised its power to 1,000 watts.
In January 2012, XESH was authorized to migrate to FM.
# Saving Jessica Lynch

Saving Jessica Lynch is a 2003 American television film that aired on NBC and features Canadian actress Laura Regan in the title role. The film begins with the ambush of Jessica Lynch's convoy in the middle of an Iraqi city and follows a version of events that credits an Iraqi citizen, Mohammed Odeh al-Rehaief, with being responsible for helping to arrange a daring rescue by US special operations forces.

## Cast

* Michael Rooker as Colonel Curry, who helps plan the rescue mission
* Nicholas Guilak as Mohammed Al-Rehaief
* Laura Regan as Private First Class Jessica Lynch
* Brent Sexton as Greg Lynch Sr., Jessica's father
* Mark Moses as a Lieutenant
* Benjamin King as 1st Sergeant Robert J. Dowdy
* Crystle Lightning as PFC Lori Piestewa
* Susan Pari as Iman Al-Rehaief
* Denise Lee as Specialist Shoshana Johnson
* Brent Anderson as Capt. Troy King
* Amy Jones as Dee Lynch
* Ethan Rains as Iman Nazemzadeh (Iraqi Deserter)
* Rafael Tamayo as Specialist Edgar Hernandez
* Dak Rasheta as Sergeant James Riley (as Dak Rashetta)
* Reed Frerichs as Pvt. Dale Nace
* Oliver Tull as Sgt George Buggs
* Josh Berry as Specialist Edward Anguiano
* Donny Boaz as Patrick Miller (soldier)

## Inaccuracies

Although the film was based on a true story, most of the circumstances of the rescue have been challenged by the media as well as by Lynch herself. Lynch was portrayed as a heroic soldier who fought up to her capture. In reality, at the time of the crash of her vehicle, she was knocked unconscious and woke up at the hospital with serious injuries. Her rescue operation was carried out at an unresisting civilian hospital. In a review of the movie, Hal Erickson wrote, "An inordinate amount of poetic license is taken with the events surrounding Jessica's rescue, with a plethora of ridiculous coincidences and serial-like thrills and chills thrown in to pep up the story."
# Bolivar Township, Benton County, Indiana

Bolivar Township is one of eleven townships in Benton County, Indiana. As of the 2020 census, its population was 1,179 and it contained 514 housing units. Bolivar Township was organized in March 1860 and named for South American liberator Simón Bolivar.

## Geography

According to the 2020 census, the township has a total area of 36.1 square miles (93 km$^2$), all land.

### Cities and towns

* Otterbein (west half)

### Unincorporated towns

* Templeton

### Adjacent townships

* Center (northwest)
* Oak Grove (west)
* Pine (north)
* Adams Township, Warren County (southwest)
* Medina Township, Warren County (south)
* Round Grove Township, White County (northeast)
* Shelby Township, Tippecanoe County (east)

### Major highways

* U.S. Route 52
* Indiana State Road 352

### Cemeteries

The township contains one cemetery, Griffin.

### Education

Benton Community School Corporation
# Trypanaxidae

Trypanaxidae is an extinct family of fossil sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the superfamily Campaniloidea.
According to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi (2005), the family Trypanaxidae has no subfamilies.

## Genera

Genera within the family Trypanaxidae include:
* † Trypanaxis Cossmann, 1889 - the type genus
* † Alocaxis Cossmann, 1889
# Digermane

Digermane is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula Ge$_2$H$_6$. One of the few hydrides of germanium, it is a colourless liquid. Its molecular geometry is similar to ethane.

## Synthesis

Digermane was first synthesized and examined in 1924 by Dennis, Corey, and Moore. Their method involves the hydrolysis of magnesium germanide using hydrochloric acid. Many of the properties of digermane and trigermane GeH$_3$GeH$_2$GeH$_3$ were determined in the following decade using electron diffraction studies. Further considerations of the compound involved examinations of various reactions such as pyrolysis and oxidation.
Digermane is produced together with germane by the reduction of germanium dioxide with sodium borohydride. Although the major product is germane, a quantifiable amount of digermane is produced in addition to traces of trigermane. It also arises by the hydrolysis of magnesium-germanium alloys.

## Reactions

The reactions of digermane exhibit some differences between analogous compounds of the Group 14 elements carbon and silicon. However, there are still some similarities seen, especially in regard to pyrolysis reactions.
The oxidation of digermane takes place at lower temperatures than monogermane. The product of the reaction, germanium oxide, has been shown to act in turn as a catalyst of the reaction. This exemplifies a fundamental difference between germanium and the other Group 14 elements carbon and silicon (carbon dioxide and silicon dioxide do not exhibit the same catalytic properties).
    2 Ge$_2$H$_6$ + 7 O$_2$ → 4 GeO$_2$ + 6 H$_2$O
In liquid ammonia, digermane undergoes disproportionation. Ammonia acts as a weakly basic catalyst. Products of the reaction are hydrogen, germane, and a solid polymeric germanium hydride.
Pyrolysis of digermane is proposed to follow multiple steps:
    Ge$_2$H$_6$ → 2 GeH$_3$
    GeH$_3$ + Ge$_2$H$_6$ → GeH$_4$ + Ge$_2$H$_5$
    Ge$_2$H$_5$ → GeH$_2$ + GeH$_3$
    GeH$_2$ → Ge + H$_2$
    2 GeH$_2$ → GeH$_4$ + Ge
    n GeH$_2$ → (GeH$_2$)$_n$
This pyrolysis has been found to be more endothermic than the pyrolysis of disilane. This difference is attributed to the greater strength of the Ge-H bond vs the Si-H bond. As seen in the last reaction of the mechanism above, pyrolysis of digermane may induce polymerization of the GeH$_2$ group, where GeH$_3$ acts as a chain propagator and molecular hydrogen gas is released. The dehydrogenation of digermane on gold leads to the formation of germanium nanowires.
Digermane is a precursor to GeH$_3$−GH$_2$−E−CF$_3$, where E is either sulfur or selenium. These trifluoromethylthio (−S−CF$_3$) and trifluoromethylseleno (−Se−CF$_3$) derivatives possess a markedly higher thermal stability than digermane itself.

## Applications

Digermane has a limited number of applications; germane itself is the preferred volatile germanium hydride. Generally, digermane is primarily used a precursor to germanium for use in various applications. Digermane can be used to deposit Ge-containing semiconductors via chemical vapor deposition.
# Parasphaerorthoceras

Parasphaerorthoceras is an extinct orthocerid genus, a nautiloid cephalopod, that lived in what would be Europe and north Africa during the Silurian from 422.9 to 418.1 mya, having existed for approximately 4.8 million years.

## Taxonomy

Parasphaerorthoceras was named by Ristedt in 1968, who placed it in the Sphaerorthoceratidae, which he also named. Parasphaerorthoceras is listed in Jack Sepkoski's (2002) list of Cephalopod genera under Orthocerida It is also classified and described in some detail in Björn Kröger's 2008 paper on Silurian and Devonian nautiloids from Morocco

## Morphology

The shell of Parasphaerorthoceras is generally straight, ("orthoconic") with a circular cross section. The initial chamber is spheroidal, followed by a distinct constriction. The apical part of the shell is wavy but becomes striated, then smooth in later growth stages. The siphuncle is central or subcentral. Septal necks suborthochoanitic. Sutures are straight.
In life, these animals may have been similar to the modern squid, except for the long shell.

## Fossil distribution

Parasphaerothoceras species have been found in Austria, Italy, Sardinia, and Morocco.
# VCR/Blu-ray combo

A VCR/Blu-ray combo is a multiplex or converged device, convenient for consumers who wish to use both VHS tapes and the newer high-definition Blu-ray Disc technology.
When Blu-ray Disc players went on the market in mid-2006, the final major Hollywood motion picture on VHS (David Cronenberg's A History of Violence) had already been released. Nonetheless, some homes still had a large supply of VHS tapes due to its nearly-30 year history as a consumer device. New-old stock of blank VHS tapes are still available for purchase at some stores, and tapes still appear to be manufactured as of December 2022.
Very few VCR/Blu-ray combos were produced, some of which played additional formats including DVD, VCD, CD, SD card (and with it, MMC cards, since SD sockets are compatible with MMC cards), and/or USB media. Some models were also able to play BD Live media if connected to the Internet. Most of these formats are carried over from standalone Blu-ray Disc players, as most Blu-ray Disc players are designed to play DVDs and CDs in addition to Blu-ray Discs, and many Blu-ray Disc players come equipped with BD Live capabilities and/or SD card slot to have a still picture slideshow or show personal home movies.
These devices were among the only VCRs (alongside some later model VCR/DVD combos) to be equipped with an HDMI port for HDTV viewing upscaling to several different types of resolutions including 1080p, 1080i, and 720p.