OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Pasuruan–Probolinggo Toll Road

Pasuruan–Probolinggo Toll Road or Paspro Toll Road is a toll road in East Java, Indonesia. This 38.3 kilometers (23.8 mi) highway connects Pasuruan with Probolinggo. The toll road is operational since the end of 2018.

## Sections

The Paspro toll road project consists of three sections,
* Section I: 13.5 kilometers (8.4 mi) from Grati, Pasuruan Regency to Tongas, Probolinggo Regency.
* Section II: 6.9 kilometers (4.3 mi) between Tongas and Western Probolinggo city.
* Section III is 10.9 kilometers (6.8 mi) long, starting from Western Probolinggo to Eastern Probolinggo.

## Exits

| Province | Location | km | mi | Exit | Name | Destinations | Notes |
| East Java | Grati, Pasuruan Regency | 809.2 | 502.8 | Gempol–Pasuruan Toll Road | Gempol–Pasuruan Toll Road | Gempol–Pasuruan Toll Road | Gempol–Pasuruan Toll Road |
| East Java | Grati, Pasuruan Regency | 809.9 | 503.2 | 810 (824) | Grati Toll Gate | GratiNguling | Western terminus |
| East Java | Tongas, Pasuruan Regency | 822.6 | 511.1 | 822 (836) | Tongas Toll Gate | TongasWringinanomMount Bromo | |
| East Java | Sumberasih, Probolinggo Regency | 829.6 | 515.5 | 829 (843) | Probolinggo Barat Toll Gate | West ProbolinggoBee Jay Bakau ResortMount Bromo | |
| East Java | Leces, Probolinggo Regency | 840.4 | 522.2 | 840 (854) | Probolinggo Timur Toll Gate | East ProbolinggoLumajang | |
| East Java | Gending, Probolinggo Regency | 848.5 | 527.2 | 849 (863) | Gending Toll Gate | Gending | |
| East Java | Gending, Probolinggo Regency | 854.3 | 530.8 | Probolinggo–Banyuwangi Toll Road (Planned) | Probolinggo–Banyuwangi Toll Road (Planned) | Probolinggo–Banyuwangi Toll Road (Planned) | Probolinggo–Banyuwangi Toll Road (Planned) |
| 1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi Concurrency terminus Electronic toll collection Incomplete access Route transition Unopened ||||||||
# Bauri (caste)

Bauri is a community of indigenous people primarily residing in Bengal & Odisha and considered as one of the Scheduled Castes of India. The Bauris belong to the Bhil tribe. They are usually involved in activities like farming. The Bauris of Purbo Tila Moulvibazar in Bangladesh are usually involved in medicinal practices . The prime festivals they celebrate are known as Mansa Puja, Durga Puja and Kali Puja.
Bauris numbered 1,091,022 in the 2001 census in the state of West Bengal. 37.5 per cent of the Bauris were literate - 51.8 per cent males and 22.7 per cent females were literate. Only 4.7 per cent of the Bauris were matriculates or completed schooling.

## Distribution

They are primarily residing in Bengal found in large numbers in Bankura, Birbhum, Purulia and other districts in Indian state of West Bengal, Assam, Tripura and Orissa. The village of Purbo Tila in Chatlapur Tea Garden, Kulaura and Dakchara Tea Garden, Srimangal, Moulvibazar District are also home to Bauri communities in Bangladesh. They are also found in many villages like Chhatna and Beliatore.

## Subcastes

Bauris are divided into the following subcastes: Mallabhumia, Sikharia or Gobaria, Panchakoti, Mola or Mulo, Dhalia or Dhulo, Malua, Jhatia or Jhetia, and Pathuria. Some of these subcastes appear to be territorial subdivisions. Mallabhumia, Malua and perhaps also Mola, were residents of Mallabhum, the central and eastern parts of Bankura district. Sikharia were Bauris who hailed from Shikharbhum, the tract between the Kasai and Barakar rivers. The Dhulia subcaste is supposed to be from Dhalbhum, which is the area in Khatra subdivision. Panchakoti refers to the central area of Panchet estate now in Purulia district.

## Practices

Traces of totemism still survive in their reverence for the red-backed heron. The heron is looked upon as the emblem of the community.

## Classification

The Bauri caste is categorized as a Scheduled Caste in West Bengal, Odisha, Jharkhand, and Bihar, while in Assam, they are recognized as an Ex Tea garden community and the Bauri of Assam and Tripura placed within the Other Backward Classes.

## Notable people

* Sandhya Bauri, MP from Bishnupur (Lok Sabha constituency)
* Susmita Bauri, MP from Bishnupur (Lok Sabha constituency)
* Amar Kumar Bauri is a minister in jharkhand.
* Dasia Bauri, a saint in Orissa.
# National Alliance for Optional Parenthood

The National Organization for Non-Parents (N.O.N.) was started in Palo Alto, California, by Ellen Peck and Shirley Radl in 1972. N.O.N was formed to advance the notion that people could choose not to have children—to be childfree. Changing its name to the National Alliance for Optional Parenthood, it continued into the early 1980s both as a support group for those making the decision to be childfree and an advocacy group fighting pronatalism (attitudes/advertising/etc. promoting or glorifying parenthood). According to its bylaws, the purpose of the National Alliance for Optional Parenthood was to educate the public on non-parenthood as a valid lifestyle option, support those who choose not to have children, promote awareness of the overpopulation problem, and assist other groups that advanced the goals of the organization.
N.O.N.'s offices were located in Reisterstown, Maryland; then Baltimore, Maryland; and, ultimately, in Washington, D.C.
The organization's most widely distributed publication was "Am I Parent Material?" This publication is still in print and distributed by ETR Associates in Scotts Valley, California.
NON designated August 1 as Non-Parents' Day, and forty years later, in 2013, Laura Carroll, a childfree author and writer on the childfree choice, spearheaded bringing back this "Day" on August 1 of each year as International Childfree Day, an "annual recognition of amazing childfree people and their lives, and as a wonderful way to foster the acceptance of the childfree choice in today’s society".
Some of the early works on non-parenthood/being childfree include:
* "The Baby Trap" 1971 by Ellen Peck and William Granzig
* "Mother's Day is Over" 1973 by Shirley Radl
* "Pronatalism: The Myth of Mom and Apple Pie" 1974 by Ellen Peck and Judith Senderowitz
* "A Baby Maybe" 1975 by Elizabeth Whelan
* "Childless by Choice" 1975 by Jean Veevers
* "The Parent Test: How to Measure and Develop Your Talent for Parenthood" (ISBN 0399120300)(1978) with by Ellen Peck and William Granzig
More recent works include:
# Pablo Corral

Pablo Ignacio Corral Mondaca (born January 16, 1992) is a Chilean footballer who plays as a midfielder for Trasandino in the Segunda División Profesional de Chile.

## Career

As a member of Universidad Católica, Corral won the 2011 Copa Chile.
In 2024, he signed with Trasandino in the Segunda División Profesional de Chile.

## Honours
### Universidad Católica

* Copa Chile: 2011

### Deportes Puerto Montt

* Segunda División Profesional: 2014–15
# Zuluzum Formation

The Zuluzum Formation is a geologic formation in Mexico. It preserves fossils dating back to the Neogene period.
# FAM105B

Family with sequence similarity 105, member B is a protein in humans that is encoded by the FAM105B gene.
# 1966 in North Korea

Events from the year 1966 in North Korea.

## Incumbents

* Premier: Kim Il Sung
* Supreme Leader: Kim Il Sung

## Events

* Beginning of Korean DMZ Conflict (1966–69)
* 2nd Conference of the Workers' Party of Korea
# Rose-Lynn Fisher

Rose-Lynn Fisher (born 1955) is a Los Angeles–based American photographer known for her series Bee and The Topography of Tears.

## Personal life

Fisher was born in Minneapolis, Minnesota, in 1955. She studied at Otis Art Institute in Los Angeles, California, receiving her BFA in 1978; she also studied at UCLA and UCSC. She was trained as a painter. She lives in Los Angeles.

## Work

Fisher's interests have included microphotography, using both a scanning electron microscope (SEM), and an optical microscope; also aerial photography, photographic research in Morocco, and mixed media painting including geometric patterns and collage.
While studying at Otis Art Institute, Fisher began to focus on geometric patterns and sacred geometry (geometry found in sacred art and architecture). Her fascination with geometric patterns has led her to explore them throughout her career. Through her work with SEMs and bees, she began to focus on hexagons.
Fisher's use of SEMs for photographing bees has touched on the disciplines of art and science. She compiled her photographs into the book Bee (2010).
In 2008 Fisher began to photograph tears with an optical microscope, for her book The Topography of Tears (2017). She sampled over a hundred, varying from "onion" tears to a variety of emotional tears.

## Publications
### Publications by Fisher

* Bee. New York: Princeton Architectural Press: 2010. ISBN 1616890762. With a foreword by Verlyn Klinkenborg.
* The Topography of Tears. New York: Bellevue Literary Press, 2017. ISBN 978-1942658283. With forewords by William Frey II and Ann Lauterbach.

### Publications with contributions by Fisher

* Both Sides of Sunset: Photographing Los Angeles. New York: Metropolis Books, 2015. ISBN 9781938922732. Edited by Jane Brown and Marla Hamburg Kennedy. With an introduction by David Ulin and a foreword by Ed Ruscha
* Where Honeybees Thrive: Stories from the Field. University Park, PA: Penn State University Press, 2017. By Heather Swan. ISBN 978-0-271-07741-3.

## Solo exhibition

* Fowler Museum, University of California, Los Angeles, 2006.
# Chaâbane Meftah

Chaâbane Meftah (born March 3, 1990) is an Algerian football player. He is currently unattached.

## Personal

Meftah was born in Tizi Ouzou. He comes from a long family of footballers, with three of his cousins having already played for JS Kabylie: Mahieddine Meftah, Mohamed Rabie Meftah and Rahim Meftah. Two of them, Mahieddine and Rabie, also played for the Algerian National Team. Another cousin, Jugurtha Meftah, is also a footballer and currently plays for JS Kabylie as well.

## Club career

On June 14, 2011, Meftah made his professional debut for JS Kabylie in a league match against WA Tlemcen.
In the summer of 2012, Meftah signed a two-year contract with WA Tlemcen. However, he was released before the start of the season.
# North Sea Trail

The North Sea Trail is a transnational long-distance hiking trail along the coast of the North Sea. The route passes through seven countries and 26 partner areas. The aim of the project is to promote sustainable tourism and to keep alive the common cultural heritage of the North Sea countries. The trail has a theoretical total length of about 4,900 kilometres (3,000 mi), but so far only about 3,700 kilometres (2,300 mi) have been developed.
The EU-funded North Sea Trail project involves Sweden, Norway, Scotland, England, the Netherlands, Denmark, and Germany.

## Route

The trail starts in the north of Great Britain in Scotland and stretches along the entire east coast. The trail continues along the Dutch and German coasts to Denmark. Denmark is rounded out and the path on the west coast of Sweden continued from Kattegat to the Skagerrak. The trail then stretches along the Norwegian coast.
Only the Netherlands and Denmark offer a completed developed route. In Germany, the path is largely unknown and not signposted. On some short sections, the North Sea Trail is identical to the European long-distance path E9. On some sections, the North Sea Trail is identical to the better known North Sea Cycle Route.

## Member countries

The seven countries are:
* Denmark
** Partner areas: Djursland, Thy, North Jutland, Sjælland
* England
** Partner areas: Northumberland, North York Moors
* Germany
** Partner areas: Karrharde
* Netherlands
** Partner areas: Dutch Coastal Path (Lange-Afstands-Wandelpad), passing through Friesland, Zeeland, South Holland, North Holland and Groningen
* Norway
** Partner areas: Sogn og Fjordane, Hordaland, Rogaland, Vest-Agder, Vestfold, Møre og Romsdal, Østfold
* Scotland
** Partner areas: Aberdeen City, Aberdeenshire, East Lothian (John Muir Way), Fife, and Moray Firth
* Sweden
** Partner areas: Western Götaland, Halland, Scania (Skåneleden)

## North Sea Trail Association

The project was originally part funded by the European Union through its Interreg IIIB North Sea Programme.
The project partners have decided to establish a North Sea Trail Association so that the Trail can be supported in the long term. The UK's representative on the Association is Aberdeen.
There is also a North Sea Cycle Route integrated with the North Sea Trail.
# Nərimanov raion

Nərimanov (also, Narimanov) is a settlement and raion in Baku, Azerbaijan. The administrative territory of the Narimanov district, one of the central districts of Baku, is 24.5 km$^2$, and its population is 170.300 in the official registration date of 01.01.2013.
The Narimanov district was founded in 1941. In January 1941, the Executive Committee of the Workers' Council of the Keshla region was established, and in August 1957, the name of Keshla was renamed, and it was renamed into the Executive Committee of the Narimanov District Council of Deputies. In December 1959, the Dzerzhinsky district was abolished, and its territory was included in Narimanov district in January 1960. From August 27, 1957, to October 6, 1977, the Executive Committee of the Soviet Union of Workers' Deputies of Narimanov district acted as the Executive Committee of the Narimanov District Council of People's Deputies from October 7, 1977, to October 17, 1991. In accordance with the Decree of the President of the Republic of Azerbaijan dated October 18, 1991, the Narimanov District Council of People's Deputies was abolished, and instead, the Narimanov District Executive Authority was established and functioned on 20 November 1991.
The district is urban, no villages and other administrative territorial units in Narimanov district.
The district is home to the Presidential Palace, as well as the Baku Convention Center and the Baku Zoo.

## Transport

Narimanov Metro station is located in this area.
# Patricio Gutiérrez

Patricio Javier Gutiérrez Olivos (born March 20, 1983) is a Chilean footballer. Gutiérrez can be utilized as a defender or midfielder. His nickname is "Pato."

## Career
### Club career

Gutiérrez began his career in the youth ranks of Deportes Antofagasta and debuted on the adult squad in 2005. However, he did not get many chances with the first team and in 2007 moved to Primera B side Unión La Calera. Because of his good form he was signed by Primera División side Audax Italiano, where he immediately found his spot in the starting eleven.
# Vidima (river)

The Vidima (Bulgarian: Видима) is a 68 km-long river in northern Bulgaria, a left tributary of the Rositsa, itself a left tributary of the river Yantra of the Danube basin. It is the largest tributary of the Rositsa.

## Geography

The Vidima takes its source under the name Vasilkovitsa at an altitude of 2,040 m on the northwestern foothills of the Botev Peak (2,376 m), the highest summit of the Balkan Mountains. Its uppermost course falls within the Severen Dzhendem Reserve in the Central Balkan National Park. Its flows north in a deep forested valley until the outskirts of the town of Apriltsi. In the town its receives the Dyasna (Right) Vidima, which is considered the starting point of the river proper. Downstream of Apriltsi the river turns northwest and runs through the Novoseltsi Valley. The Vidima again heads north between the villages of Velchevo and Debnevo, forming a picturesque canyon-like valley. It then turns east and the valley widens. The river flows into the Rositsa at an altitude of 206 m some 3 km south of the town of Sevlievo.
Its drainage basin covers a territory of 554 km$^2$ or 24.2% of the Rositsa's total.
The Vidima has rain–snow feed with high water in April–June and low water in August–October. The average annual discharge at its mouth is 5.6 m$^3$/s.

## Settlements and economy

The river flows in Lovech and Gabrovo Provinces. There are one town and six villages along its course: Apriltsi (town), Skandaloto and Velchevo in Apriltsi Municipality, Debnevo in Troyan Municipality, and Berievo, Gradinitsa and Dushevo in Gabrovo Municipality. Its waters are utilized for irrigation in the lower course and small scale electricity production in the upper course at the Vidima Hydro Power Station.
On its upper tributary the Praskalska reka in the Balkans Mountains is located the 80 m high Vidimsko Praskalo waterfall, situated in a dramatic difficultly accessible area of the Severen Dzhemdem Reserve.
There are two roads along its course: a 12.4 km stretch of the third class III-404 road Bogatovo–Sevlievo–Debnevo follows the river's right bank between Gradinitsa and Debnevo, a 14 km section of the third class III-404 road Kalofer–Apriltsi–Troyan follows its valley between Apriltsi and Velchevo, and a 11.3 km section of the third class III-3505 road runs along the Vidima between Debnevo and Velchevo.

## Gallery

* The upper course of the Vidima
* Vidimsko Praskalo Waterfall
* A stone bridge over the river

## Citations

* 1 2 3 4 5 Geographic Dictionary of Bulgaria 1980, p. 107
* ↑ "Vidimsko Praskalo Waterfall". Official Site of the Balkan Mountains National Park. Retrieved 15 November 2024.
* ↑ "A Map of the Republican Road Network of Bulgaria". Official Site of the Road Infrastructure Agency. Retrieved 15 November 2024.
# 1983 in North Korea

Events from the year 1983 in North Korea.

## Incumbents

* Premier: Li Jong-ok
* Supreme Leader: Kim Il Sung
* President: Kim Il Sung
* Vice President: Kang Ryang-uk (until 9 January), Rim Chun-chu (starting April, alongside Pak Song-chol and Kim Il)

## Events

* 6 March – Local elections
* 1 July – Chosonminhang Ilyushin Il-62 crash
* 9 October – Rangoon bombing

## Births

* 8 January - Kim Jong Un, Supreme Leader of North Korea since 2011 and the leader of the Workers' Party of Korea (WPK) since 2012, son of the Eternal General Secretary Kim Jong Il and grandson of the Eternal President Kim Il Sung.
* 6 May - Kim Mi-yong.
* 15 July - Kim Myong-won.
* 19 July - Kim Yong-jun.
# Lepanto (poem)

"Lepanto" is a poem by G. K. Chesterton celebrating the victory of the Holy League in the Battle of Lepanto (1571) written in irregular stanzas of rhyming, roughly paeonic tetrameter couplets, often ending in a quatrain of four dimeter lines. The poem tells of the defeat of the Ottoman fleet of Ali Pasha by the Christian crusader, Don John of Austria. The poem was written in 1911 and published in Chesterton's 1915 collection Poems.
The poem's stirring verses helped inspire soldiers such as John Buchan during World War I.

## Context

"Lepanto" was published in 1915, and is in line with the author's other works of early decades of the century as representing a spirited rejection of the fin de siècle Decadent Fatalism which was the dominating philosophy in his youth. As in the author's "The Ballad of the White Horse," the non-Christian forces are made representative of the determinist or fatalist philosophy that (in Chesterton's view) denied the value of human struggle and free will, and which he variously personified as pagan or Germanic (as in "The Ballad of the White Horse") or Mohammedan or Calvinist (as in this poem).
In World War I, the Turkish Ottoman Empire had become an ally of the Prussian enemy whom Chesterton saw as the perfect epitome of Paganism, Germanism, Imperialism, and Determinist Materialism. In this context, the victory of Christian Europe over its Turkish enemy depicted by Chesterton in vividly blood-stained terms became readily acceptable to those sympathetic to the British cause as a straightforward allegory of right — the Allied nations representing the traditional morality of Christendom — triumphing over wrong — the Central Powers representing the rejection of that morality in the name of the previously mentioned "-isms".
# John William Parker

John William Parker (1791 – 1870) was an English publisher and printer.

## Life

John Parker was born on 26 July 1791. His father was in the Royal Navy. At the age of fourteen he was apprenticed to William Clowes, and became the manager of the printing business in Duke Street, Stamford Street, Blackfriars Road, London, established in Applegarth's old premises by Clowes. He was later allowed to set up a small office of his own.
In February 1829 Parker was engaged, on Clowes's recommendation, as superintendent of the Cambridge University Press, which he made profitable. In 1832 he left Clowes, and established himself at 445 Strand, where he was appointed publisher to the Christian Knowledge Society, and issued the Saturday Magazine. The Cambridge Repository, his publishing house, also sold bibles. On the retirement of John Smith, he was formally made printer to the University of Cambridge, on 15 November 1836, and spent two days in Cambridge every fortnight. Against opposition he introduced steam power, but the Bible Society long declined to purchase books printed by it.
A volume of specimens of bibles, testaments and prayer books was circulated by Parker in 1839. In the same year he was appointed publisher to the committee of Council on Education. He retired from the management of the Cambridge press in 1854. He was a friend and supporter of John Pyke Hullah. He started a printing-office at the back of the Mews, Charing Cross, and later moved to St. Martin's Lane, where he took Thomas Richard Harrison into partnership, and ultimately relinquished the business to him. Fraser's Magazine was published by him, as well as the writings of prominent intellectual figures.
After the death in 1860 of his eldest son John William Parker (1820–1860), who had been in the business since 1843, Parker took into partnership William Butler Bourn, who had been his principal assistant for nearly thirty years. The business, including stocks and copyrights, was, however, sold in 1863 to Messrs. Longman.
Parker died at Warren Corner House, near Farnham, Surrey, on 18 May 1870, aged 78, and is buried at Highgate Cemetery.

## Family

Parker was twice married. By his first wife he left two daughters. His second wife, who survived him, was a daughter of Gideon Algernon Mantell; by her he left one son and two daughters.
# Zidane Mebarakou

Zidane Mebarakou (Arabic: زيدان مباراكو; Tamazight: ⵣⵉⴷⴰⵏ ⵎⴻⴱⴰⵔⴰⴽⵓ; born 3 January 1989) is an Algerian professional footballer who plays as a centre-back for Olympique Akbou.

## Personal life

Mebarakou is from Barbacha, 40 km south of the city of Béjaïa in Kabylia.

## Career

He made his professional debut with local club JSM Béjaïa. He moved to MO Béjaïa in summer 2014. At his new club, he won the Algerian Cup, scoring in the semi-final against ES Sétif. At the end of his first year at the club, he was voted player of the season in an online survey.
In 2016, he joined MC Alger alongside teammate Zahir Zerdab on a two-year deal. After 2 years and a half in the Algerian capital, he joined Saudi Pro League side Al-Wehda in January 2019. He returned to MC Alger during the following transfer window after Saudi club owners did not wish to keep him.
In 2020, he joined CS Constantine, where he would play for two years.
Having spent 6 months without a club, Mebarakou signed with third-tier promotion contender Olympique Akbou in January 2023. On April 28, 2023, he scored the 2nd goal in a 3–0 win against USM Khenchela in the Algerian Cup round of 16, earning them a historic qualification to the quarterfinals.

## International career

His performances at MO Béjaïa attracted the eyes of coach Christian Gourcuff. Nonetheless, he never played for the national team.

## Honours

MO Béjaïa
* Algerian Cup: 2014–15
* Algerian Super Cup runner-up: 2015
MC Alger
* Algerian Super Cup runner-up: 2016
Olympique Akbou
* Algerian Ligue 2: 2023–24 (Center-East Group)
* Algerian Ligue 3: 2022–23 (Center-East Group)