OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 1978 Santa Barbara earthquake

The 1978 Santa Barbara earthquake (also known as the Goleta earthquake), occurred on August 13, 1978, 3:54 p.m. (PDT) with its epicenter beneath the Santa Barbara Channel. The magnitude of the earthquake was estimated at M$_L$ 5.1 according to the Southern California Seismic Network; however, it may have been as high as 5.6 M$_w$. There were no deaths from the event; however, 65 people sustained mild to moderate injuries.

## Tectonic setting

Santa Barbara is part of California, which is known for its very high level of seismic activity, the second highest in all of the United States only behind Alaska. The Santa Barbara area is affected by numerous faults, inland within the mountainous ridges on the Santa Ynez Range down to the coastal plains and beneath the Santa Barbara Channel. The Santa Barbara Channel lies within the Transverse Ranges block where the transform boundary between the North American and Pacific plates takes on a transpressional character associated with the "Big Bend" in the San Andreas Fault. The faults beneath the channel trend mainly west–east and are mainly thrusts with associated folding. Santa Barbara was previously hit by a much larger earthquake in 1925, with estimated magnitude between 6.5 and 6.8 M$_w$ , causing $8 million (1925 rate) in damage and killing 13 people.

## Earthquake

According to initial records it measured 5.1–5.7 M$_L$  and is still being debated today. The fault that caused the tremor has still been unidentified however surface ruptures were found facing Northwestward around the epicenter focused beneath the Santa Barbara Channel. Seismograph monitors in the campus of the University of California, Santa Barbara (UCSB) measured 0.45 g, another monitor at the top of the North hall on the other hand recorded accelerations as high as 0.94 g. Other local seismographs claim that 0.40 g was recorded in Goleta and only 0.23 g was recorded in Santa Barbara. Coincidentally, just a day before the earthquake struck, four seismographs were installed near the most affected areas. The newly installed instruments helped determine the focal mechanism; thrust faulting with a small component of left-lateral strike-slip.

## Damage

Despite having a relatively moderate magnitude, it generated unusually strong ground movements. The city of Goleta suffered the greatest damage due to its location nearest to the epicenter. Items were thrown out off shelves at shops, glass windows on buildings shattered, walls cracked and one roof reportedly collapsed. Rockslides were triggered, one of them blocking California State Route 154, 5 km southeast of the San Marcos Pass, forcing a closure for 30 hours. Other landslides occurred nearby the San Marcos Pass, and along south of U.S. Highway 101. The airport terminal at the Santa Barbara Municipal Airport leaned, and a nearby freight train from Goleta derailed. At the library of the UCSB, some 400,000 volumes or about one third of all books were thrown out of shelves. The total damage was at $15 million, in the UCSB it was at $5.5 million alone.
# List of governments in Canada by annual expenditures

In Canada, governments at the federal, provincial, territorial and municipal levels have the power to spend public funds. This is a list of governments by annual expenditures, in Canadian dollars.
| Rank | Name | Level of government | Total expenditure | Per-capita expenditure | Fiscal year |
| 1 | Canada | Federal | 338,500,000,000 | | 2018-19 |
| 2 | Ontario | Provincial | 158,464,500,000 | | 2018-19 |
| 3 | Quebec | Provincial | 108,693,000,000 | | 2018-19 |
| 4 | Alberta | Provincial | 56,181,000,000 | | 2018-19 |
| 5 | British Columbia | Provincial | 53,600,000,000 | | 2018-19 |
| 6 | Manitoba | Provincial | 17,423,000,000 | | 2018-19 |
| 7 | Toronto | Municipal | 16,997,199,000 | | 2018-19 |
| 8 | Saskatchewan | Provincial | 14,608,800,000 | | 2018-19 |
| 9 | Nova Scotia | Provincial | 10,862,621,000 | | 2018-19 |
| 10 | New Brunswick | Provincial | 9,616,000,000 | | 2018-19 |
| 11 | Newfoundland and Labrador | Provincial | 8,287,156,100 | | 2018-19 |
| 12 | Montreal | Municipal | 7,804,100,000 | | 2018-19 |
| 23 | Calgary | Municipal | 5,635,000,000 | | 2019-22 |
| 22 | Edmonton | Municipal | 4,559,080,000 | | 2019-22 |
| 13 | Ottawa | Municipal | 4,149,400,000 | | 2018-19 |
| 14 | Prince Edward Island | Provincial | 1,983,933,000 | | 2018-19 |
| 15 | Nunavut | Territorial | 1,863,761,000 | | 2018-19 |
| 16 | Northwest Territories | Territorial | 1,725,931,000 | | 2018-19 |
| 20 | Vancouver | Municipal | 1,595,600,000 | 1,610 | 2018 |
| 17 | Winnipeg | Municipal | 1,204,369,000 | | 2010 |
| 18 | Yukon | Territorial | 1,340,800,000 | | 2018-19 |
| 19 | London | Municipal | 994,800,000 | 2,700 | 2013 |
| 21 | Mississauga | Municipal | 865,800,000 | 1,200 | 2010 |
# Cantioscyllium

Cantioscyllium is an extinct genus of nurse shark from the Mesozoic era. It is known mainly from isolated teeth, but was named on a partial skeleton from the Late Cretaceous of England. It is a widespread and diverse genus, currently containing 10 species. They are uncommon but present throughout the late cretaceous of the eastern United States, including the Severn Formation of Maryland, the Tar Heel and Peedee formations of North Carolina, and Campanian of New Jersey. It is also known from the Western Interior Seaway and western Europe. C. hashimiaensis is known from the Santonian of Jordan. C. alhaulfi is from the Barremian.
# Nicholas Bamforth

Nicholas Bamforth BCL, MA (Oxon) is an English legal scholar, who is a Fellow in Law at Queen's College, Oxford, and a lecturer in Law at the University of Oxford since 1999. He had previously worked at UCL and Cambridge. In 2003–04, he was a Hauser Global Research Fellow at New York University.
In October 2006, he became an elected member of the Council of Oxford University. From March 2010 to March 2011, he held the office of Junior Proctor of Oxford University, a post lasting for one year. He has commented from time to time in the media concerning issues relating to university governance.
His research and teaching interests lie in public (constitutional and administrative) law, human rights law, anti-discrimination law and philosophy of law. He edited a set of essays called Sex Rights in 2005, seeking to explore the role and limitations of ideas of human rights in the area of gender and sexuality, a particular topic of interest.

## Books

* Sexuality, Morals and Justice (London: Cassell, 1997)
* Public Law in a Multi-layered Constitution (ed. with P. Leyland, Oxford: Hart, 2003)
* Patriarchal Religion, Sexuality and Gender (with D. Richards, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2008)
* Discrimination Law: Theory and Context (with C. O'Cinneide and M. Malik, London: Thomson/Sweet & Maxwell, 2008)
Working on a textbook for Oxford University Press (human rights law) and on a monograph on the public law-private law distinction.
He was editor of Sex Rights, the 2002 series of Oxford Amnesty Lectures concerning human rights, gender and sexuality (Oxford University Press, 2004).
# Asterocidaris

Asterocidaris is a genus of fossils sea urchins in the family Hemicidaridae. These epifaunal grazer-deposit feeders lived in the Middle and Upper Jurassic age (from 171.6 to 161.2 Ma).

## Species

* Asterocidaris besairiei Lambert, 1936 †
* Asterocidaris meandrina (Agassiz 1840) †
* Asterocidaris ragoti Lambert, 1936 †

## Description

These fossil spined echinoid sea urchins can reach a diameter of about 25 millimetres (0.98 in), with spicules of about 69x60mm. They are hemispherical, flattened beneath, with small apical disc.

## Distribution

Fossils of species within this genus have been found in the Middle to Upper Jurassic sediments (Bajocian-Oxfordian) in Europe, Madagascar and Africa (Morocco).
# List of ambassadors of China to Ireland

The Ambassador of China to Ireland is the official representative of the People's Republic of China to Ireland.

## List of representatives

| Name (English) | Name (Chinese) | Tenure begins | Tenure ends | Note |
| Li Tianmin | 李天民 | April 1980 | August 1980 | Charge d'affaires preparing for opening. |
| Gong Pusheng | 龚普生 | August 1980 | September 1984 | |
| Xing Zhongxiu | 邢忠修 | September 1984 | August 1987 | |
| Zhou Yang | 周阳 | September 1987 | October 1989 | |
| Han Lili | 韩琍琍 | November 1989 | October 1993 | |
| Fan Huijuan | 范慧娟 | December 1993 | November 1997 | |
| Zheng Jintong | 郑锦炯 | December 1997 | February 2000 | |
| Zhang Xiaokang | 张小康 | March 2000 | July 2002 | |
| Sha Hailin | 沙海林 | August 2002 | December 2005 | |
| Zhang Xinsen | 张鑫森 | December 2005 | October 2007 | |
| Liu Biwei | 刘碧伟 | December 2007 | August 2011 | |
| Luo Linquan | 罗林泉 | August 2011 | March 2014 | |
| Xu Jianguo | 徐建国 | March 2014 | 31 May 2016 | |
| Qiu Xiaoyong | 岳晓勇 | June 2016 | April 2019 | |
| He Xiangdong | 何向东 | May 2019 | | |
# Pilgrim Travelers

The Pilgrim Travelers were an American gospel group, popular in the late 1940s and early 1950s.

## Musical career

Formed in 1936 in Houston, Texas, United States, They achieved popularity after moving to Los Angeles in 1942, where their new manager, J. W. Alexander, helped Travelers vocal style that went beyond imitating the Soul Stirrers and the Golden Gate Quartet, the other reigning quartet of the era. The Pilgrim Travelers traded the lead between their two singers, Kylo Turner, the same facility as a note-bending falsetto as R.H. Harris of the Soul Stirrers, and Keith Barber who changed from being a sweet-voiced tenor to a hard gospel shouter. They added Jesse Whitaker — whom Ray Charles credited as one of his models when he adapted hard gospel style to secular themes to create soul music in the 1950s — as a baritone in 1947.
Alexander also changed the Travelers' performance style from the "flat-footed" style of early quartets to the church-wrecking style of other groups of their era. The singers would punctuate their singing by jumping off stage and running up the aisles in order, in Alexander's words, "to pull the sisters out of their seats".
The Travelers began recording their material with a microphone picking up the sound of their percussive foot-tapping; Specialty's early press for the group proclaimed "Something New — Walking Rhythm Spirituals," and the unique sound quickly caught on with female gospel fans. In 1948, the group issued six singles; after just three the following year. In 1950, Specialty released ten Pilgrim Travelers sides, all of them to strong sales (particularly "Jesus Met the Woman at the Well" and "Mother Bowed").
The Plgrim Travelers gradually fell apart in the 1950s, however, as accidents and drinking caused both Barber and Turner to leave the group. While the group continued to tour and record, adding Lou Rawls in 1950s, it lost its hit making power after leaving Specialty Records in 1956. The group disbanded in 1956. Rawls left the group; although he returned to record another album with the group after that, it soon faded from the scene. James Wafer formed new Pilgrim Travelers in 1956.
# Astraponotus

Astraponotus is an extinct genus of astrapotheriids. It lived during the Middle-Late Eocene (in the Mustersan and Tinguirirican of the South American land mammal ages (SALMA), 48-33.9 million years ago) and its fossil remains have been found in the Sarmiento Formation of Argentina, South America.

## Description

Unlike most astrapotheres, Astraponotus was equipped with an unusually high, short, narrow skull. The nasal bones were quite withdrawn, which suggests the presence of a short proboscis. Other unusual features of Astraponotus includes the extreme reduction of the premaxillary and nasal bones, the absence of an antorbital circle, and the reduction of the frontal region. The canines were long and strong, as in all astrapotheres.

## Classification

Astraponotus was first described in 1901 by Florentino Ameghino, based on teeth fossils. The type species, Astraponotus assymetrum, comes from Eocene terrains known as Gran Barranca, in Patagonia (Argentina). The area was later nicknamed capas Astraponotenses ("Astraponotus' layers" in Spanish) due to the abundance of the peculiar fossils of this animal. Other species were described later (for example, A. dicksoni and A. holdichi), but always based just on the remains of the teeth and jaws. A nearly complete skull was not described until 2010, which has allowed hypothesis of the phylogenetic relationships of this animal more precisely.
The features observed in the teeth of Astraponotus are intermediate between the Middle Eocene astrapotheres and those of the Oligocene-Miocene in the degree of hypsodonty, the reduced dental formula, and the development of accessory occlusal elements. Moreover, the skull retains plesiomorphic features also observed in the archaic genus Trigonostylops, while the auditory region and the skull base are much closer to those of Parastrapotherium, Astrapotherium, and Granastrapotherium. Furthermore, the Astraponotus skull differs from all astrapotheres known in its disproportionate height, the narrowness of the skull, and other numerous cranial specializations that are opposite to Astrapotherium. These features seem surprisingly derived for an Eocene astrapothere, and suggest that these extreme cranial specializations were developed independently during the evolution of this order; Astraponotus could represent a lineage distinct from Astrapotherium and other Miocene forms.

## Phylogeny

Cladogram based in the phylogenetic analysis by Vallejo-Pareja et al., 2015, showing the position of Astraponotus:
# XHTAM-FM

XETAM-AM/XHTAM-FM is a combo AM/FM radio station in Ciudad Victoria, Tamaulipas. It broadcasts on 640 AM and 96.1 FM and is known as Romántica with a romantic format.

## History

XETAM received its first concession on May 4, 1989. The original concessionaire was Promociones Radiofónicas Culturales, S.A. The station initially broadcast with 1,000 watts day and 250 watts night.
On November 4, 1994, XETAM was one of 83 stations that received a combo FM frequency.
On June 3, 2019, XETAM/XHTAM flipped from Ke Buena to romantic music as Romántica. It also began airing the syndicated Central FM morning newscast with Pedro Ferriz de Con.
# Karim Sadiq

Karim Khan Sadiq (Pashto: كريم خان صادق; born 28 February 1984) is an Afghan cricketer. He is a right-handed batsman who occasionally serves as a wicket-keeper for the Afghanistan national team. He can also bowl off break, and took 4 wickets for 27 runs against Denmark in their first match of the 2009 ICC World Cup Qualifier.

## Early career

Sadiq is a part of the rapidly rising Afghan cricket team that in under a year has won the World Cricket League Division Five, Division Four and Division Three, thus promoting them to Division Two and allowing them to partake in the 2009 ICC World Cup Qualifier's.
He was suspended for one match during the 2009 ICC World Cup Qualifier due to "inappropriate and intentional physical contact" in their defeat to the Netherlands. During the tournament he performed well with the bat, top scoring with 92, and, surprisingly for a wicketkeeper, with the ball.

## Quitting Afghanistan

Shortly after Afghanistan achieved ODI status, Sadiq quit the national setup as he was upset at his brother, Hasti Gul, being dropped for their ICC Intercontinental Cup match against Zimbabwe XI. Sadiq accused national coach Kabir Khan of not acting in the best interest of the team.

## Return

Sadiq's international retirement was short lived, as he made his first-class debut in January 2010 against Ireland, where he made scores of 19 and 1.
In February 2010, Sadiq made his Twenty20 International debut in the Sri Lanka Associates T20 Series against Ireland. Sadiq took 2/17 with the ball. Afghanistan lost the match by 5 wickets. Later, Sadiq was a key member of Afghanistan's World Twenty20 Qualifier winning team. He was later named in Afghanistan's squad for the 2010 ICC World Twenty20.
Sadiq was a key member of Afghanistan's 2010 ACC Trophy Elite winning squad, which defeated Nepal in the final by 95 runs. In final, Sadiq top-scored for Afghanistan with 58 runs. In Afghanistan's first match of the tournament, he scored 130 runs off 92 balls against Bhutan in Afghanistan's 393-run win.
He later played for the newly formed Afghan Cheetahs team in the Faysal Bank Twenty-20 Cup 2011-12. Sadiq later featured in Afghanistan's first One Day International against a Full Member Test-playing nation when they played Pakistan at Sharjah Cricket Association Stadium in February 2012. Sadiq top scored in Afghanistan's innings with 40 runs, before becoming one of Shahid Afridi's five wickets. Pakistan won the encounter by 7 wickets.
In September 2018, he was named in Kandahar's squad in the first edition of the Afghanistan Premier League tournament.
# Northwest Metropolitan Region

The European Northwest Metropolitan Region (German: Metropolregion Nordwest), formerly Metropolitan Region of Bremen/Oldenburg (German: Metropolregion Bremen/Oldenburg) is one of the eleven metropolitan regions in Germany. It covers the area of the Free Hanseatic City of Bremen with its cities of Bremen and Bremerhaven and parts of the state of Lower Saxony. As of 2022, the region had almost 2.8 million residents.

## History

The region was designated on 28 April 2005 by the German Ministerial Conference for Regional Development (Ministerkonferenz für Raumordnung) or MKRO as a European metropolitan region on the basis of its international links through several ports and airports, its diverse industries and research institutions (universities and technical colleges) and its good municipal cooperation. Prior to that, regional bodies and institutions had decided in a few weeks on a joint resolution calling for recognition as a European metropolitan region. This was formally signed in Jever on 12 April 2005.
The metropolitan region had a historical forerunner in the Département des Bouches du Weser in the time of the Napoleonic occupation; and the two overlap to a large extent.

## Composition
### Cities

* Bremen
* Bremerhaven
* Delmenhorst
* Oldenburg
* Wilhelmshaven

### Districts

* Ammerland
* Cloppenburg
* Cuxhaven
* Diepholz
* Friesland
* Oldenburg
* Osnabrück
* Osterholz
* Vechta
* Verden
* Wesermarsch
# Izatullah Dawlatzai

Izatullah Dawlatzai (born 10 May 1991) is an Afghan-German cricketer who has played international cricket for both Afghanistan and Germany. He is a right-handed batsman who bowls right-arm medium-fast.

## Under-19 career

Dawlatzai started representing Afghanistan in age-group cricket, which culminated in the Afghanistan Under-19 cricket team qualifying, for the first time, for the 2010 ICC Under-19 Cricket World Cup in New Zealand. Dawlatzai represented the team in all their matches during the tournament.

## Career in Afghanistan

His debut for the senior team came in a first-class match against Kenya in the 2009-10 ICC Intercontinental Cup. In that match he took his maiden first-class wicket, that of Collins Obuya. Following the first-class match, he made his One Day International debut against Kenya in the 2nd ODI. In what was also his maiden List-A match, he took the wickets of Seren Waters and Collins Obuya for 37 runs.

## Career in Germany

Dawlatzai relocated to Germany to join his fiancée, who was born in Germany but is of Afghan descent. They live in Hamburg. In 2017, Dawlatzai was invited to play for Marylebone Cricket Club on its tour of Germany as a special guest. He plays for KSV Cricket Club in Germany. In 2018, he met the residency qualifications for the national team and was selected in the squad for a series against Denmark in July 2018. He was also selected in the squad for 2018-19 ICC World Twenty20 Europe Qualifier and took 2/10 in the first game against Cyprus.
In May 2019, he was named in Germany's Twenty20 International (T20I) squad for their three-match series against Belgium. The matches were the first T20Is to be played by the German cricket team. He made his T20I debut for Germany against Belgium on 11 May 2019 and became the eighth cricketer to play T20 internationals for 2 countries. Later the same month, he was named in Germany's squad for the Regional Finals of the 2018–19 ICC T20 World Cup Europe Qualifier tournament in Guernsey.
# Thomas Clerke (MP)

Thomas Clerke (c. 1485 – 2 March 1555), of Wookey, Somerset, and London, was an English politician.

## Family

Clerke was the second son of Clement Clerke of Great Livermere and Bury St Edmunds, Suffolk, and his wife, Alice. Thomas was probably educated at Bury St Edmunds Grammar School and at the University of Cambridge. By 1523, he had married a woman named Antonia, and they had two sons and two daughters. One of their sons, John Clerke, was MP for Bath, Somerset in the same year his father represented Wells.

## Career

He was a Member (MP) of the Parliament of England for Wells in 1547.
# Xicat Interactive

Xicat Interactive was a video game publisher with distribution across Europe and North America. Xicat held several significant licenses, including Gothic; Motor Trend; Jane's Combat Simulations; and Guns & Ammo.

## Games published/distributed

* The Amazing Virtual Sea Monkeys
* Ballistics
* Big Mountain 2000
* Black Belt Challenge
* Black Stone: Magic & Steel
* Carmageddon TDR 2000
* Carrier
* Charge 'n Blast
* Cultures
* Coaster Works
* CowHunter
* Demonworld: Dark Armies
* Fila World Tennis
* Flight Unlimited
* F/A-18 Precision Strike Fighter
* Gothic
* Guns & Ammo: The Ultimate Target Challenge
* Haven: Call of the King
* Hot Wired