OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Ammara Pinto

Ammara Pinto (born 14 September 1997) is a Malawian swimmer. She has represented Malawi at the 2016 Summer Olympics and the World Aquatics Championships.

## Early life

Pinto was born on 14 September 1997 in Blantyre. Her sister Zahra Pinto is also an Olympic swimmer and represented Mali at the 2008 Summer Olympics. She attended Saint Andrews International High School, which was also the alma mater of swimmer Joyce Tafatatha.

## Swimming career
### Olympics

Pinto competed at the 2016 Summer Olympics in the women's 50 metre freestyle event. Her time of 30.32 seconds in the heats did not qualify her for the semifinals.

### World Aquatics Championships

Pinto represented Malawi at the 2017 World Aquatics Championships in Budapest, Hungary. She placed 73rd in the 50 metre freestyle event with a time of 30.59 seconds and placed last in the 100 metre backstroke event with a time of 1:20.95. Her coach attributed her last-place finish to stress caused by the high level of competition.
In 2019, she represented Malawi at the 2019 World Aquatics Championships held in Gwangju, South Korea. She competed in the women's 50 metre freestyle and women's 100 metre backstroke events. She placed 81st in the former event with a time of 29.98 seconds and 61st in the latter with a time of 1:16.68.
# Fruit hat

A fruit hat is a festive and colorful hat type popularized by Carmen Miranda and associated with warm locales. This type of hat has been worn by fashionistas, in films, by comic strip characters, and for Halloween. The fruit used tends to sit on the top or around the head, and varies in type, e.g. bananas, berries, cherries, pineapples.

## History

A fashion report in Los Angeles Times from 1895 called the use of mendiant the "newest trimming" for hats, and noted that hats were "tipped far over the eyes". The Chicago Tribune reported on fruit ribbons, along with feathers, flowers, and frills, as trim for Easter hats. A report on artificial fruit used on hats was in a 1918 edition of The New York Times. Fruit and vegetable trim on "gay hats" featured in the first millinery show of the season at New York's Saks Fifth Avenue in 1941, and overshadowed flowers. Lil Picard, a millinery designer for the custom-made department of Bloomingdale's, sought inspiration from nature for her hats and while on vacation "listening to the birds, gazing through the lacy outlines of foliage and watching the ripening fruits, she dreamed of trimmings."
Brazilian "bombshell" Carmen Miranda, who "made a habit of wearing exotic headdresses/hats often adorned with fruit", appears as a singer named Dorita in the 1943 film The Gang's All Here. The movie includes a musical number called "The Lady in the Tutti Frutti Hat" with barefoot chorus girls dressed in yellow turbans, black crop tops, and ruffled yellow miniskirts who manipulated giant papier-mâché bananas and bounced inflatable strawberries off their toes at the whims of legendary choreographer Busby Berkeley.

## Use in marketing

Inspired by Carmen Miranda's costumes, the Chiquita Banana logo featured a cartoon image of an anthropomorphic banana with a human face and a selection of fruit adorning its hat. The logo was created for United Fruit Company in 1944 by Dik Browne, who is perhaps best known for his Hägar the Horrible comic strip. In advertising of the 1940s, the logo character's voice was supplied by vocalist Patti Clayton followed by Elsa Miranda, June Valli and Monica Lewis. The concept was created by a BBDO advertising team headed by Robert Foreman with the song lyrics written by Garth Montgomery and music composed by Len MacKenzie. The original Chiquita Banana advertisement was produced by Disney Studios and ran in movie theaters.
The company later became Chiquita Brands International and would use a banana wearing a fruit hat headdress on its logo for decades. In 1987 the banana character was replaced with a woman by artist Oscar Grillo, creator of the Pink Panther, to reflect "the image the public had of Miss Chiquita as a real person."
# List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 2000

This is a list of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 2000.

## Fellows

* Michael Edwin Akam (born 1952), zoologist
* James Jeffrey Binney (born 1950), astrophysicist
* Brice Bosnich (1936–2015), Australian inorganic chemist
* Cyrus Chothia (1942–2019), molecular biologist
* Peter Cresswell, immunologist
* Alan Davison (1936–2015), inorganic chemist
* John Douglas Denton, physicist
* Warren John Ewens (born 1937) Australian mathematician
* Michael John Robert Fasham (1942–2008), oceanographer
* Michael Anthony John Ferguson (born 1957), biochemist
* Christopher Donald Frith (born 1942), psychologist
* Michel Goedert, neuroscientist
* Donald Grierson (born 1945), geneticist
* Peter Gavin Hall (born 1951), Australian mathematician
* Alexander Norman Halliday (born 1952), geochemist
* Andrew Bruce Holmes (born 1943), Australian and British chemist
* Roy Jackson, fluid dynamicist
* Bruce Arthur Joyce, materials physicist
* Simon Barry Laughlin, neurobiologist
* Peter Francis Leadlay
* Anthony Charles Legon, physical chemist
* Robert Glanville Lloyd
* Robert Sinclair MacKay (born 1956), mathematician
* Sir John Maddox (1925–2009) science writer, former editor of Nature (Honorary)
* Thomas John Martin
* Kiyoshi Nagai (1949–2019), structural biologist
* Stuart Stephen Papworth Parkin (born 1955), physicist
* Ole Holger Petersen (born 1943), physiologist
* Madabusi Santanam Raghunathan (born 1941), Indian mathematician
* Tiruppattur Venkatachalamurti Ramakrishnan (born 1941), Indian physicist
* Michael Alfred Robb
* Janet Rossant (born 1950), developmental biologist
* Patricia Ann Simpson, biologist
* Harry Smith (1935–2015), botanist
* Peter Somogyi (born 1950), neurobiologist
* Sir Martin Nicholas Sweeting (born 1951), aerospace engineer
* Brian Douglas Sykes, Biochemist, University of Alberta
* James Edgar Till (born 1931), Canadian biophysicist
* Paul Kingsley Townsend, physicist
* Alan Andrew Watson (born 1938) Scottish physicist
* Ian Andrew Wilson, biologist
* John Henry Woodhouse
* Adrian Frederick George Wyatt, physicist

## Foreign members

* Grigory Isaakovich Barenblatt (1927–2018), Russian mathematician
* Ronald Breslow (1931–2017), American chemist
* Harry Barkus Gray (born 1935) American Professor of Chemistry
* Erwin L Hahn (1921–2016), American physicist
* Martin Karplus (born 1930), Austrian-born American theoretical chemist
* Mitsuhiro Yanagida (born 1941), Japanese biologist
# Joaquim Carreras i Artau

Joaquim Carreras i Artau (August 14, 1894 in Girona – August 12, 1968 in Tiana, Barcelona) was a Catalan philosopher.
He began his studies of scholastic philosophy at the Girona Seminary, where he stayed for ten years. Later he graduated from the University of Barcelona with BAs in Law and Philosophy. The thesis Ensayo sobre el voluntarismo de J. Duns Scoto gave him a Doctorate in Philosophy at the University of Madrid. He taught both at secondary schools and at the University of Barcelona from 1939 to 1964, first as a teaching assistant and, for the last twelve years, as professor.
He devoted himself intensely to the historical and philosophical research. Among his more important contributions, is his research on Ramon Llull and, especially, on Arnau de Vilanova.
These form part of the work of Historia de la filosofia española: filosofia cristiana de los siglos XIII al XV (published between 1934 and 1943), which he wrote in collaboration with his brother Tomàs Carreras i Artau, who was a philosopher and professor of Ethics. Both were awarded with the “Premio de la Asociación Española para el Progreso de las Ciencias”.
He was a member of the Science Section of the Institut d’Estudis Catalans (1944) and the Reial Academia de Bones Lletres of Barcelona (1955), Chairman of the Société Internationale pour l'Étude de la Philosophie Médiévale (1964) and teacher of the Escola Lul.lística of Mallorca.
Other work includes La filosofía universitaria en Catalunya durante el segundo tercio del s. XIX (1964) and a great number of studies on Arnau de Vilanova, along with critical editions of his spiritual works.
# Su Xinyue

Su Xinyue (born 8 November 1991) is a Chinese athlete specializing in the discus throw. She won the gold at the 2013 Asian Championships. She also competed at the 2013 World Championships failing to reach the final.
Her personal best throw is 65.59 metres (Neubrandenburg (GER) 2016).

## International competitions

| Year | Competition | Venue | Position | Notes |
| Representing China |||||
| 2010 | World Junior Championships | Moncton, Canada | 13th (q) | 48.99 m |
| 2013 | Asian Championships | Pune, India | 1st | 55.88 m |
| 2013 | World Championships | Moscow, Russia | 19th (q) | 56.87 m |
| 2015 | Asian Championships | Wuhan, China | 1st | 63.90 m |
| 2015 | World Championships | Beijing, China | 8th | 62.90 m |
| 2016 | Olympic Games | Rio de Janeiro, Brazil | 5th | 64.37 m |
| 2017 | World Championships | London, United Kingdom | 7th | 63.37 m |
| 2021 | Olympic Games | Tokyo, Japan | 20th (q) | 58.90 m |
# Angry Inuk

Angry Inuk is a 2016 Canadian Inuit-themed feature-length documentary film written and directed by Alethea Arnaquq-Baril that defends the Inuit seal hunt, as the hunt is a vital means for Inuit to sustain themselves. Subjects in Angry Inuk include Arnaquq-Baril herself as well as Aaju Peter, an Inuit seal hunt advocate, lawyer and seal fur clothing designer who depends on the sealskins for her livelihood.
Partially shot in the filmmaker's home community of Iqaluit, as well as Kimmirut and Pangnirtung, where seal hunting is essential for survival, the film follows Peter and other Inuit to Europe in an effort to have the EU Ban on Seal Products overturned. The film also criticizes non-governmental organizations such as Greenpeace and the International Fund for Animal Welfare for ignoring the needs of vulnerable northern communities who depend on hunting for their livelihoods by drawing a false distinction between subsistence-driven Inuit hunters and profit-driven commercial hunters.

## Development

Angry Inuk was co-produced by Arnaquq-Baril and the National Film Board of Canada (NFB) in association with EyeSteelFilm.

## Release and reception

Angry Inuk premiered May 2, 2016 at the Hot Docs Canadian International Documentary Festival, where the film received the Vimeo On Demand Audience Award along with the Canadian Documentary Promotion Award. In October 2016, the film received the Alanis Obomsawin Best Documentary Award at the imagineNATIVE Film + Media Arts Festival in Toronto. The following month, it received both the Women Inmates' Prize and the Magnus Isacsson Award at the Montreal International Documentary Festival. On December 7, 2016, Angry Inuk was named in the Toronto International Film Festival's annual Canada's Top 10 list, and took home the People's Choice Award at the TIFF Canada's Top Ten Festival.
While Arnaquq-Baril has stated that the anti-sealing movement has forced Inuit to turn to the mining and the natural gas industry to support themselves, with dire consequences for the Arctic environment, supporters of the EU ban on seal products have countered that such a ban does not block Inuit from seal hunting to sustain themselves and supply market demand. However, the film argues that even with the exemption for Inuit, the ban drives down demand and prices so greatly that hunters can no longer financially support themselves or their communities.
# Marks Head Formation

The Marks Head Formation is a geologic formation within the Hawthorn Group, located in southeastern Georgia and northern Florida. It preserves fossils dating back to the Burdigalian stage of the Miocene period.
# R. N. Irwin Stakes

The R. N. Irwin Stakes is a South Australian Jockey Club Group 3 Weight for Age Thoroughbred horse race for three year olds and older, run over a distance of 1100 metres at Morphettville Racecourse, Adelaide, Australia in the autumn. Total prize money for the race is A$127,250.

## History

The race was originally run in January but was moved to March as part of the change in dates for the Adelaide Cup carnival in 2006. The race was moved again in 2012 to April and the race is now a lead up preparation race for the Goodwood Handicap.

### Name

* 1955–2006 - R.N. Irwin Stakes
* 2007 - German Arms Hotel Stakes
* 2008 - CMA Recycling Stakes
* 2009 onwards - R.N. Irwin Stakes

### Distance

* 1955–1972 - 6 furlongs (~1200 metres)
* 1973–1974 - 1200 metres
* 1975–1979 - 1100 metres
* 1980–1981 - 1450 metres
* 1982–1985 - 1200 metres
* 1986–2000 - 1100 metres
* 2001–2002 - 1000 metres
* 2003 onwards - 1100 metres

### Grade

* 1955–1979 - Principal Race
* 1980–1990 - Group 2
* 1991 onwards - Group 3

### Venue

* 1955–1979 - Morphettville
* 1980–1981 - Victoria Park
* 1982–2000 - Morphettville
* 2001 - Victoria Park
* 2002 - Cheltenham Park
* 2003 onwards - Morphettville

## Winners

* 2024 - Benedetta
* 2023 - Kallos
* 2022 - Bella Vella
* 2021 - Kemalpasa
* 2020 - Gytrash
* 2019 - Hard Empire
* 2018 - Dainty Tess
* 2017 - Viddora
* 2016 - Nostradamus
* 2015 - Daytona Grey
* 2014 - Driefontein
* 2013 - Kulgrinda
* 2012 - We're Gonna Rock
* 2011 - Avenue
* 2010 - Augusta Proud
* 2009 - Diplomatic Force
* 2008 - Here De Angels
* 2007 - Flying Object
* 2006 - Leone Chiara
* 2005 - Super Elegant
* 2004 - Stand By Me
* 2003 - Bomber Bill
* 2002 - Regal Kiss
* 2001 - Stand By Me
* 2000 - Suit
* 1999 - Sports
* 1998 - La Baraka
* 1997 - Scorn Bold
* 1996 - Scorn Bold
* 1995 - Hero Wind
* 1994 - Kenvain
* 1993 - Hot Arch
* 1992 - Street Ruffian
* 1991 - Beau George
* 1990 - Leica Western
* 1989 - Jet Fighter
* 1988 - Redelva
* 1987 - Lord Galaxy
* 1986 - Rory's Jester
* 1985 - Red Tempo
* 1984 - Copper Rocket
* 1983 - Montrose Lass
* 1982 - Galleon
* 1981 - Ducatoon
* 1980 - Domax
* 1979 - Stormy Rex
* 1978 - Lipman
* 1977 - Silent Gift
* 1976 - High Value
* 1975 - Red Loam
* 1974 - Toltrice
* 1973 - Idolou
* 1972 - Eastern Court
* 1971 - Sanderae
* 1970 - Fileur
* 1969 - Steel Helmet
* 1968 - Fileur
* 1967 - Sunny Coronation
* 1966 - Contempler
* 1965 - Millionairess
* 1964 - Naelyn
* 1963 - Benibasha
* 1962 - Kelvin Valley
* 1961 - Rain King
* 1960 - Bomba
* 1959 - Power Duke
* 1958 - Sleep Tight
* 1957 - In Transit
* 1956 - Columbo King
* 1955 - Never Rest
# Jan Chapman

Jan Chapman AO (born 28 March 1950) is an Australian film producer. Films produced by Chapman include The Last Days of Chez Nous (1992), The Piano (1993), Love Serenade (1996), Holy Smoke! (1999), and Lantana (2001). While studying English and Fine Arts at Sydney University in the late 1960s Chapman began working on small, independent films, as part of the nascent Sydney Filmmakers Co-op, which included her first husband, film director Phillip Noyce. After the Film Co-op moved into its premises in Darlinghurst, she was involved for a time with the Sydney Women's Film Group while working in the Education department of the Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC). Subsequently as a producer at the ABC she was responsible for a number of TV series including Sweet and Sour, and with Sandra Levy produced the much acclaimed Come In Spinner (ABC TV miniseries 1990).

## Awards and honours

Chapman was nominated for the Best Picture at the AFI Awards in 1992 for The Last Days of Chez Nous. In 1994, she was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Picture for The Piano.
Chapman was made an Officer of the Order of Australia in the 2004 Australia Day Honours for "service to the Australian film industry as a producer and as a contributor to organisations providing strategic direction to the industry".

## 89th Academy Awards

Chapman's photo was mistakenly displayed next to Janet Patterson's name during the In Memoriam segment at the 89th Academy Awards. Shortly after the flub, Chapman announced publicly that she is "alive and well," and was given an apology.
# Heteraster

Heteraster is an extinct genus of sea urchins belonging to the family Toxasteridae.
These slow-moving shallow infaunal deposit feeder-detritivores lived during the Cretaceous period. Fossils of this family have been found in the sediments of Algeria, Egypt, France, Hungary, Mexico, Peru, Portugal, Serbia and Montenegro, Spain, Switzerland and Yemen.

## Species

* Heteraster oblongus Brongniart, 1821
* Heteraster delgadoi (Loriol, 1888)
* Heteraster renevieri (Desor, 1858).
* Heteraster transiens Devries (1956)
* Heteraster tissoti Coquand
* Heteraster peroni Ficheur
* Heteraster castellon
# Heterocentrotus

Heterocentrotus is a genus of the familia Echinometridae. They are mainly found in the Indo-Pacific basin, especially in Reunion or Hawaii. This genus appeared in the Miocene and spread throughout the warm Indo-Pacific.

## Description

Heterocentrotus are brightly colored tropical sea urchins with very thick spines that have given them the nickname "slate pencil urchins", named after slate pencil..
The genus consists of sea urchins with rounded (but slightly elliptical) test, with the peristome (mouth) located in the center of the oral surface (lower) and the periproct at opposite, at the apex of the aboral (upper) face.
The apical disc is dicyclic, with a reduced periproct. The peristome is also reduced and elliptical, with limited mouth notches. The ambulacrum are polygeminate, with between 9 and 14 pairs of pores per plate, arranged in more or less regular arcs, sometimes almost in bands. All ambulacral plates bear a single, large primary tubercle, occupying almost the entire surface of the plate. The interambulacral plates bear a single, massive nipple, flanked by secondary tubercles on the aboral surface. The radioles are very thick and dense, usually three-faceted (or two or four, or round, mainly in H. mamillatus). They are never modified into scales or plates (unlike Colobocentrotus), but the secondary, short radioles can have an almost rounded shape

## List of species

This genus contains two species:
| Image | Scientific name | Distribution |
| | Heterocentrotus mamillatus (Linnaeus, 1758) | Indo-Pacific region (from the east coast of Africa to the Pacific archipelagos), |
| | Heterocentrotus trigonarius (Lamarck, 1816) | Indo-Pacific region. |
These two species are very close visually, and often difficult to distinguish, since they generally share the same distribution area. The main criteria for in situ identification are the radioles, which are generally longer (especially on the aboral side) and more clearly triangular in H. trigonarius, which never has bifacial radioles on its underside. H. trigonarius is also usually darker (brown, dark orange...), but the great variability of colorations in this genus makes this criterion delicate. H. mamillatus often has the secondary radioles white or the base of the primary radioles surrounded by a white ring, which never seems to be seen in H. trigonarius, which is almost always entirely monochromatic (with perhaps the test being slightly darker than the radioles primary). Mamillatus radioles also often bear lighter rings, which does not seem to be seen in H. trigonarius either.
Skeletal-wise, H. mamillatus has less petalloid aboral ambulacral zones than its sister species, and fewer pore pairs per ambulacral plate (9-12 versus 15-16).
* Radiols (spikes) of Heterocentrotus mamillatus sculpted
* Heterocentrotus mamillatus
* Radiols (spikes) of a "slate pencil sea urchin" (Heterocentrotus mamillatus). They are a classical souvenir.
# Heteromeryx

Heteromeryx is an extinct genus of artiodactyl, of the family Protoceratidae, endemic to North America. They lived during the Late Eocene 37.2—33.9 Ma, existing for approximately 3 million years. They resembled deer, but were more closely related to camelids.
Its name comes from hetero (ἕτερος) "different' and meryx "ruminant".

## Fossil distribution

Fossils have been recovered from:
* Big Red Horizon Site, Presidio County, Texas
* Dirty Creek Ridge Site, Sioux County, Nebraska
* French Creek Site, Custer County, South Dakota
# Heusweiler Schichten Formation

The Heusweiler Schichten Formation is a geologic formation in Germany. It preserves fossils dating back to the Carboniferous period.
# Hiskatherium

Hiskatherium is an extinct genus of small ground sloth from the Middle Miocene (Friasian to Mayoan) Honda Group of Bolivia. The type species H. saintandrei was named in 2011 on the basis of a lower jaw. Although it has not been placed in a specific family, Hiskatherium is similar to the extinct sloths Hapalops and Xyophorus.
# Omaha Flames

The Omaha Flames were a PDL franchise that played from 1996 to 1997, folding before the beginning of the 1998 season. They played in Omaha, Nebraska.
# Holitna Formation

The Holitna Formation is a geologic formation in Alaska. It preserves fossils dating back to the Triassic.
# Hollyford Formation

The Hollyford Formation is a geologic formation in Ireland. It preserves fossils dating back to the Silurian period.
# Homalonotus

Homalonotus is an extinct genus of trilobites in the order Phacopida. It contains several species, including H. armatus and H. roemeri. It is closely related to other trilobites such as Arduennella and Dipleura..

## Distribution

Fossils of Homalonotus have been found in:

### Ordovician

France, and the United Kingdom

### Silurian

Canada (Nova Scotia), Poland, Sweden (Gotland, Västergötland), the United Kingdom, and the United States (New York)

### Devonian

Algeria, Bolivia, Brazil, Uruguay, Colombia (Floresta Formation, Altiplano Cundiboyacense), France, Morocco, New Zealand, Poland, and Ukraine
# Horned Toad Formation

The Horned Toad Formation is a geologic formation in California. It preserves fossils dating back to the Neogene period.
# Horsefeed Formation

The Horsefeed Formation is a geologic formation in British Columbia. It preserves fossils dating back to the Permian period.
# Hungry Hollow Formation

The Hungry Hollow Formation is a geologic formation in Ontario. It preserves fossils dating back to the Devonian period. Remains of the Devonian polychaete Arkonips are known from this formation.
# Hypsitherium

Hypsitherium is an extinct genus of Mesotheriidae that lived 4.0 to 3 million years ago. It is known from the Miocene to Pliocene Inchasi fossil locality in Bolivia. Hypsitherium was a scansorial herbivore, and its name translates to "high beast."
# Idiorophus

Idiorophus is a genus of extinct toothed whales in the family Physeteridae. Fossils have been found in the Colhuehuapian Gaiman Formation of Argentina and the Libano Sandstone in Italy.
The teeth of Idiorophus were similar in size to those of the modern orca.
# Indonautilus

Indonautilus is an involute nautilid from the Middle and Upper Triassic. (Anisian-Norian), with a small or occluded umbilicus and subrectangular whorl section belonging to the Liroceratidae (Clydonaulilaceae). Flanks are slightly bowed, converging on a flattened venter. Ventro-lateral shoulders are narrowly rounded or angular. Umbilical shoulder are broadly rounded. The siphuncle is subdorsal.
Indonautilus has been found in Egypt, Israel, the Himalayas, and East Indies.
# Inferieur Schistes du Landeyran

The Inferieur Schistes du Landeyran is a geologic formation in France. It preserves fossils dating back to the Ordovician period.
# Edmonds matrix

In graph theory, the Edmonds matrix $A$ of a balanced bipartite graph $G=(U,V,E)$ with sets of vertices $U=\{u_{1},u_{2},\dots ,u_{n}\}$ and $V=\{v_{1},v_{2},\dots ,v_{n}\}$ is defined by
    $A_{ij}=\left\{{\begin{array}{ll}x_{ij}&(u_{i},v_{j})\in E\\0&(u_{i},v_{j})\notin E\end{array}}\right.$
where the x$_{ij}$ are indeterminates. One application of the Edmonds matrix of a bipartite graph is that the graph admits a perfect matching if and only if the polynomial det(A$_{ij}$) in the x$_{ij}$ is not identically zero. Furthermore, the number of perfect matchings is equal to the number of monomials in the polynomial det(A), and is also equal to the permanent of $A$. In addition, the rank of $A$ is equal to the maximum matching size of $G$.
The Edmonds matrix is named after Jack Edmonds. The Tutte matrix is a generalisation to non-bipartite graphs.