OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# First Biennium

The First Biennium, also known as the Social-Azañist Biennium, the Reformist Biennium, or the Transformer Biennium, was the period between the proclamation of the Second Spanish Republic on April 14, 1931, and the 1933 Spanish general election.

## Constituent Period (April–December 1931)

The Provisional Government of the Second Spanish Republic lasted from the Proclamation of the Republic until the formation of the first permanent government on December 15, six days after the ratification of the 1931 Spanish Constitution. Up until October 15, 1931, the Provisional Government was presided by Niceto Alcalá-Zamora, who resigned after his strong opposition to the Article 26 of the Constitution, which addressed the "religious question", Manuel Azaña followed him.

## The Social-Azañist Biennium (December 1931 – September 1933)

On December 15, 1931, Azaña introduced his second government, made up entirely of leftist republicans from Republican Action, the Radical Socialist Republican Party, ORGA, and Republican Left of Catalonia. Azaña intended to implement a vast reform program in order to imitate the politics of the Restoration. These reforms also sought to solve many of the "pending questions" (the "social question", the "religious question", the "agrarian question" and the "military question" in particular). However, both social and corporate groups fiercely opposed the reforms, claiming that the government was attempting to "dismount" them from the positions they had earned.

### End of Azaña's government

The Azañist government's popularity peaked in autumn 1932, as it effectively contained the anarchists and defeated the monarchist uprising in the Spanish military. The General Workers' Union supported the government, despite the growing influence of the CNT. By this time, the Republic also reformed the military, public schooling, and started a big program for public works.
However, by 1933, the government surrendered to domestic and foreign pressures. The government's decline started with the anarchist insurrection, which led to the Casas Viejas incident. This led to a big plunge in the government's perceived credibility. Along with a recession and rising unemployment and the growth of National Catholicism, Azaña resigned as President of the Republic.
# Jerika

"Jerika" is a song by American Internet personalities Jake Paul and Erika Costell featuring American photographer and filmmaker Uncle Kade, who was a member of Paul's group Team 10. It was released to streaming services on July 12, 2017. It is Costell's debut single and Paul's highest charting song, reaching the Billboard Hot 100 in August 2017 at number 86.

## Background

The title refers to a supposed marriage between Jake Paul and Erika Costell. However, Paul told The New York Times that the relationship was not real, saying "We're not even actually dating. It's like the WWE. People know that's fake, and it's one of the biggest things of entertainment."

## Critical reception

Chris DeVille of Stereogum described the song as "a romantic hip-hop/R&B duet between Paul and Costell slathered in so much Auto-Tune that it has to be a joke."

## Charts

| Chart (2017) | Peak position |
| Canada (Canadian Hot 100) | 76 |
| US Billboard Hot 100 | 86 |
# Brenda Marie Osbey

Brenda Marie Osbey (born December 12, 1957, in New Orleans) is an American poet. She served as the Poet Laureate of Louisiana from 2005 to 2007.

## Life

She graduated from Dillard University, Paul Valéry University, Montpellier III, and from the University of Kentucky, with an M.A. She has taught at the University of California at Los Angeles, Loyola University New Orleans, and at Dillard University. She was Visiting Writer-in-residence at Tulane University and Scholar-in-residence at Southern University. She teaches at Louisiana State University.
Her work has appeared in Callaloo, Obsidian, Essence, Southern Exposure, Southern Review, Epoch, The American Voice, and The American Poetry Review.

## Awards

* 2004 Carmargo Foundation Fellow
* 1998 American Book Award
* 1990 National Endowment for the Arts Creative Writing Fellowship
* 1984 Association of Writers & Writing Programs Poetry Award
* 1980 Loring-Williams Prize, Academy of American Poets

## Works

* All Saints: New and Selected Poems. Louisiana State University Press. November 1, 1997. ISBN 978-0-8071-2198-6.
* Desperate Circumstance, Dangerous Woman. Story Line Press. 1991. ISBN 978-0-934257-57-2.
* In These Houses. Wesleyan University Press. September 1, 1988. ISBN 978-0-8195-2146-0.
* Ceremony for Minneconjoux. University Press of Virginia. 1983. ISBN 978-0-912759-03-6.

### Anthologies

* Marge Piercy, ed. (1987). Early Ripening: American Women's Poetry Now. Pandora. ISBN 978-0-86358-108-3.
* Leon Stokesbury, ed. (1999). The Made Thing: An Anthology of Contemporary Southern Poetry. University of Arkansas Press. p. 239. ISBN 978-1-55728-579-9. Brenda Marie Osbey.
* James Gill, ed. 1987 2PLUS2: A Collection of International Writing, Lausanne, Switzerland: Mylabris Press.
* William L. Andrews, ed. (October 1997). Literature of the American South: A Norton Anthology. W W Norton & Co Inc. ISBN 978-0-393-97270-2.
* Frederick Smock, ed. (1998). "The Evening News". The American voice anthology of poetry. University Press of Kentucky. p. 78. ISBN 978-0-8131-0956-5. Brenda Marie Osbey.
* Charles H. Rowell, ed. (2002). "Setting Loose the Icons". Making Callaloo: 25 years of Black literature. Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-312-28898-3.
# Claudia Clevenger

Claudia Jean Clevenger (born January 19, 1955), also known by her married name Claudia Hernandez, is an American former competition swimmer and world record-holder. Clevenger represented the United States at the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich, Germany. She finished fourth in the final of the women's 200-meter breaststroke with a time of 2:42.88.
# Mahendra Kallappa Tammannavar

Mahendra Kallappa Tammannavar (born 1978) is an Indian politician from Karnataka. He is a Member of the Karnataka Legislative Assembly from the Kudachi Assembly constituency which is reserved for SC community in Belgaum. He represents Indian National Congress.

## Early life and education

Kallappa is from Kudachi, Belgaum district. His father Kallappa Ratnappa Tammannavar is a farmer. He completed his Bachelor of Arts in 2002 at Karnataka College, Dharwad.

## Career

Kallappa won from Kudachi Assembly constituency which is reserved for SC community in Belgaum district. Representing Indian National Congress, he polled 85,321 votes and defeated his nearest rival, P. Rajeev of Bharatiya Janata Party, by a margin of 25,243 votes.
# 1990 in South Korean music

The following is a list of notable events and releases that happened in 1990 in music in South Korea.

## Debuting and disbanded in 1990
### Groups

* 015B

### Soloists

* Kang Susie
* Hyun Jin-young and Wawa
* Shin Hae-chul
* Shin Seung-hun
* Yoon Sang

### Disbanded groups

* Sobangcha

## Releases in 1990
### January

| Date | Title | Artist | Genre(s) |
| 20 | Reunion | Cho Yong-pil | Folk-pop |

### February

| Date | Title | Artist | Genre(s) |
| 1 | Four | Sinawe | Heavy metal |

### March

| Date | Title | Artist | Genre(s) |
| 15 | Kim Hyun-sik | Kim Hyun-sik | Folk rock |

### April

| Date | Title | Artist | Genre(s) |
| 1 | Sexy Lady / Maybe It Was A Dream (single) | Hyun Jin-young and Wawa | Hip hop |
| — | Violent Fragrance | Kang Susie | K-pop |

### May

| Date | Title | Artist | Genre(s) |
| 1 | Don't Put on a Sad Face | Shin Hae-chul | Rock |

### June

| Date | Title | Artist | Genre(s) |

### July

| Date | Title | Artist | Genre(s) |
| — | 015B | 015B | Pop ballad |

### August

| Date | Title | Artist | Genre(s) |
| 1 | Jump '90 | Min Hae-kyung | K-pop |
| 1 | New Dance 1 | Hyun Jin-young and Wawa | Hip hop |
| 20 | Turning the Pages of Memories / Why Me | Lee Sun-hee | K-pop |

### September

| Date | Title | Artist | Genre(s) |
| 1 | 노을, 그리고 나 / Ballerina-Girl | Lee Seung-chul | Soft rock |

### October

| Date | Title | Artist | Genre(s) |

### November

| Date | Title | Artist | Genre(s) |
| 1 | Reflection of You in Your Smile | Shin Seung-hun | K-pop, Ballad |
| 24 | Farewell | Byun Jin-sub | K-pop |
| 30 | Vol. 1 | Yoon Sang | Electronic |

### December

| Date | Title | Artist | Genre(s) |

## Deaths

* Kim Hyun-sik, aged 32. Singer, member of Spring Summer Fall Winter.
# William I de La Marck

William de la Marck (1446–1485) was an adventurer of German extraction. He became an important character in the late 15th century in the Prince-Bishopric of Liège. William's was nicknamed Le Sanglier des Ardennes (The Wild Boar of the Ardennes)— because he was as fierce as the wild boar which he delighted to hunt.
In 1482, he had Louis de Bourbon, Bishop of Liège, assassinated, in order to replace him by his own son Jean de la Marck. He failed to have Jean accepted, and the next bishop was John of Hornes. This act led to a civil war in the prince-bishopric.
On 21 May 1484, a treaty was signed at Tongeren, whereby the de la Marck family forfeited its claims to the bishopric and supported Liège's struggle against Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor for the reward of 30,000 livres. Bouillon castle was mortgaged to William de la Marck until the time of repayment.
In 1485, he was ambushed near Sint-Truiden and taken to Maastricht, where he was beheaded on 18 June 1485.
William's cousin Érard de La Marck became prince-bishop from 1506 until 1538.
His great-grandson William II de la Marck was an important leader of the Gueux de mer in the Eighty Years' War.

## Cultural influences

He is described by Sir Walter Scott as "William, Count of la Marck", in Quentin Durward.
# 1504 in France

Events from the year 1504 in France

## Incumbents

* Monarch –Louis XII

## Events

* 1 January - The last French Garrison in Naples, Gaeta, surrendered to the Spanish army ending the French presence in Naples.
* 31 January - with the Treaty of Lyon, King Louis XII cedes Naples to king Ferdinand II of Aragon.
* September 22 - The Treaty of Blois between king Louis XII and the Holy Roman Emperor, Maximillian I and Archduke Philip was signed. The treaty was meant to unite the Habsburg and Valois monarchs.

## Births

* September 21– Jean de Dinteville, French diplomat (d.1555)

## Deaths

* May 5 - Antoine de Bourgogne, bastard son of Philip III, Duke of Burgundy (b.1421)
# Gottfried Grünewald

Gottfried Grünewald (also Grunewald; baptised 15 October 1673 – 19 December 1739) was a German operatic bass, harpsichordist, pantaleon virtuoso and composer.

## Life

Grünewald was baptised in Seifhennersdorf near Zittau, on 15 October 1673. He studied music under his father, a school teacher, and attended the Zittau Gymnasium as a student. In 1696 he began studying at Leipzig University. During his studies, he performed as a bass singer at the Thomaskirche and in various operas. From 1703 he was a bass singer and composer at the Oper am Gänsemarkt in Hamburg. Two of his operas were performed there with him in the title roles: Der ungetreue Schäfer Cardillo in 1704 and Germanicus in 1705 which had received its world premiere in Leipzig the previous year.
From 1709, he worked as vice kapellmeister at the court of Johann Georg, Duke of Saxe-Weissenfels, where he married Johanna Rosina Krieger, the daughter of Johann Philipp Krieger. Together, they had ten children. From 1711 until his death in 1739, Grunewald served in Dermstadt as vice kapellmeister under Ernest Louis, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt. His good friend Christoph Graupner served at the same court as kapellmeister and the two of them shared the composition duties, alternately composing cantata cycles for the Royal Chapel. Graupner also composed a large number of bass cantatas for Grunewald to sing.
Grunewald was also proficient on the pantaleon (a large hammered dulcimer, popular in the 18th century) and toured parts of Germany giving concerts on the instrument.

## Works

His works included numerous cantatas, the operas Der ungetreue Schäfer Cardillo (1703, lost), given in Leipzig, and Die erretete Unschuld, oder Germanicus (1704, also lost) as well as the only surviving work: 7 Partiten for harpsichord which are written in the style of the period. Everything else is lost, and most likely burned on the composer's request.
# Friedrich Wilhelm Zachow

Friedrich Wilhelm Zachow or Zachau (14 November 1663 – 7 August 1712) was a German musician and composer of vocal and keyboard music.

## Life

Zachow was born in Leipzig. He probably received his training from his father, the piper Heinrich Zachow, one of Leipzig's town musicians in the Alta capella, and maybe from Johann Schelle, a leading German composer, when the family moved to Eilenburg. As Kantor and organist of Halle's Market Church in 1684 he succeeded Samuel Ebart. During his time at Halle he became particularly renowned as a composer of dramatic cantatas. In 1695 he was criticized by the pietists because of his excessive long and elaborate music, that could be only appreciated by cantors and organists. Zachow was influenced by Johann Theile in Merseburg and the poetry of Erdmann Neumeister, pastor in the nearby Weissenfels, and his criticism on pietism.
Zachow was the teacher of Gottfried Kirchhoff, Johann Philipp Krieger and Johann Gotthilf Ziegler, but is best remembered as George Frideric Handel's first music teacher. He taught Handel how to play the violin, organ, harpsichord, and oboe as well as counterpoint. Zachow's teaching was so effective, that in 1702, Handel accepted a position as organist at the former Dom in Halle at age seventeen. It is said that after Zachow died in 1712, Handel became a benefactor to his widow and children in gratitude for his teacher's instruction. In 1713 J.S. Bach was invited as Zachow's successor.
Handel continued to use Zachow's compositions in his own works, not simply quoting, but also in terms of instrumental colour; for example the cantata Herr, wenn ich nur dich habe, which is unique in having a harp solo in the German cantata repertoire, was copied by Handel, taken to London, and may have influenced the instrumentation of Saul and Esther.
Zachow died in Halle at age 48.

## Selected works, editions and recordings

* Mass – Missa super chorale Christ lag in Todesbanden (1701)
* Approximately 24 cantatas survive:
    Chorus ille coelitum (1698)
    Confitebor tibi Domine (1701)
    Danksaget dem Vater (1702)
    (see also recordings below)
* Keyboard works: Toccata C-Dur, Präludium C-Dur, Präludium F-Dur, Fuge C-Dur, Two Fugues G-Dur, Fantasia D-Dur, Capriccio d-Moll, Suite h-Moll, several organ chorales
* Trio F-Dur für Flauto traverso, Fagott und Basso continuo

### Recordings

* Christmas cantatas. Meine Seel: erhebt den Herren; Herr, wenn ich nur dich habe; Preiset mit mir den Herren; Lobe den Herrn, meine Seele Constanze Backes, Capella Frisiae & Accademia Amsterdam, dir. Ludger Remy. Quintone.nl 2010
* Easter cantatas. Ich bin die Auferstehung und das Leben. Bei Gott ist mein Heil, meine Ehre. Ach Herr, mich armen Sünder (attributed to Handel but probably by Zachow) Osterdialog Triumph, ihr Christen seid erfreut. Gudrun Sidonie Otto, Margaret Hunter, Christoph Dittmar, Cantus Thuringia, Capella Thuringia, dir. Bernhard Klapprott CPO 2010
* Suite in B for harpsichord. Carole Cerasi - J.S. Bach and the Möller Manuscript - Metronome Recordings - METCD 1055
# Christian Liebe

Christian Siegmund Liebe (5 November 1654 – 3 September 1708) was a German composer.
Liebe was born in Freiberg, Saxony. He studied in Leipzig, then was a private teacher in Dresden and from 1684 Rektor and organist in Frauenstein, then from 1690 Rektor in Zschopau till his death. Many vocal works survive in a rather conservative style. He died in Zschopau, aged 53.

## Works, editions and recordings

* O Heiland aller Welt - recording on collection by Sächsisches Vocalensemble, Batzdorfer Hofkapelle, directed Matthias Jung CPO 2009.
# Alphonse d'Ève

Alphonse d'Ève (baptized 20 August 1666, in Brussels; buried 10 October 1727, in Antwerp) was a Flemish Baroque composer, singer, and choirmaster.

## Biography

Though little is known about d'Ève's early life and education, it is possible he was trained in musical composition by his father, Honoreus Eugenius d'Ève, who served as lieutenant de musique (1662) and maître de musique (1664) in Brussels. Alphonse was documented as a bass singer for the church of St. Andries in Antwerp from 1703 to 1718, after which he left to sing at the Cathedral of Our Lady from 1718 to 1725, where he was later succeeded by Willem de Fesch. His work spread through much of the Netherlands, as evidenced by music inventories in Ghent, Huy, Aalst, and elsewhere.

## Works

Most of his works have been lost.
* Op.1 Genius musicus divinis, Marianis ac sanctorum laudibus decoratus, et ecclesiastico ritui, unâ, 2, 3, 4, 5, tàm vocibus quàm instrumentis officiosus (Antwerp, 1706)
* Op.3 Philimela delectans (Antwerp, 1708)
* Trio sonatas (published by Estienne Roger, Amsterdam, 1702)
* Opéra comique Het Gouvernement van Sancho Pança
# Gołuszowice

Gołuszowice is a village located in Poland, in the Opole Voivodeship, Głubczyce County and Gmina Głubczyce. The village has an old 16th-century church. It lies approximately 4 kilometres (2 mi) west of Głubczyce and 53 km (33 mi) south of the regional capital Opole.
# Grabówka, Kędzierzyn-Koźle County

Grabówka is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Bierawa, within Kędzierzyn-Koźle County, Opole Voivodeship, in south-western Poland. It lies approximately 3 kilometres (2 mi) east of Bierawa, 10 km (6 mi) south-east of Kędzierzyn-Koźle, and 50 km (31 mi) south-east of the regional capital Opole.

## Gallery

* Street
* Road
# Gracze

Gracze is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Niemodlin, within Opole County, Opole Voivodeship, in south-western Poland. It lies approximately 8 kilometres (5 mi) north-west of Niemodlin and 28 km (17 mi) west of the regional capital Opole.
# Granica, Opole Voivodeship

Granica is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Leśnica, within Strzelce County, Opole Voivodeship, in south-western Poland.
# Góra Świętej Anny

Góra Świętej Anny (Polish: meaning "Saint Anne's Mountain") is a village in the Opole Voivodeship, in southern Poland.
The village is located on the hill from which its name derives. A popular sanctuary, with a statue of Saint Anne and a calvary, is located on its top.
The settlement lies within the protected area called Góra Świętej Anny Landscape Park. This is also one of the official Polish Historical Monuments (Pomnik historii).

## History

Following World War I and the re-emergence of the sovereign Poland, while still part of the Weimar Republic, the hill was the site of the Battle of Annaberg in 1921 during the Silesian Uprisings. A museum dedicated to the uprising was opened in the village in 1961.
In 1940, during World War II, Germans expelled the Franciscans from the village. The Germans established and operated a forced labour camp for Poles, Jews and Soviet prisoners of war, another forced labour camp for Jewish women, and the E111 forced labour subcamp of the Stalag VIII-B/344 prisoner-of-war camp in the village. The village was eventually restored to Poland after the war in 1945.

## Main sights

* 15th-century church dedicated to Saint Anne
* 17th-century Franciscan monastery and museum
* Calvary from the 17th and 18th centuries with 33 chapels
* Lourdes grotto and monument of John Paul II
* Amphitheatre (Thingspiele) built in the abandoned limestone quarry in 1934-1938
* Granite monument of the Silesian Uprisings by Xawery Dunikowski, 1955
* Lime kiln, middle of the 19th century
* Geological natural reserve in the abandoned nephelinite and limestone quarry
* Museum of the Silesian Uprisings

## Gallery

* Silesian Uprisings monument
* Saint Anne church
* Monastery
* Chapel of the Coronation of Mary
* Chapel of St. Raphael
* Landscape
# Alexandra Masangkay

Alexandra Masangkay (born 1992) is a Spanish singer, dancer and actress. She earned early visibility to a television audience in Spain for her participation in Operación Triunfo 8 in 2011.

## Biography

Masangkay was born in 1992 in Barcelona to Filipino immigrant parents. In 2011, she took part in season 8 of reality musical talent show Operación Triunfo, ranking fourth in the final standings.
She landed her debut as a television actress in 2014 musical series Dreamland [es], which was followed by credits in B&b, de boca en boca, Yo quisiera [es] and Más de 100 mentiras [es]. Masangkay's film debut came with her performance as Teresa in historical drama 1898, Our Last Men in the Philippines (2016). As a musical theatre actress she has played Nala in The Lion King at Teatro Lope de Vega and Kiki in Flashdance. In 2019, she featured in dystopian film The Platform, portraying Miharu, a sadistic prisoner desperately searching for her offspring. In 2022, she played Wendy, a Philippine migrant domestic worker in La Moraleja, in spy thriller Code Name: Emperor. In 2023, she wrapped shooting Valley of Shadows.

## Filmography

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 2016 | 1898, los últimos de Filipinas (1898, Our Last Men in the Philippines) | Teresa | |
| 2018 | Más de 100 mentiras | Irene | Miniseries |
| 2019 | El hoyo (The Platform) | Miharu | |
| 2022 | Código Emperador (Code Name: Emperor) | Wendy | |
| 2023 | Valeria | Nuria | 5 episodes (season 3) |
| 2024 | Valle de sombras (Valley of Shadows) | Prana | |
| 2024 | Stags | | Miniseries |