OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Polylecty

The term polylecty or generalist is used in pollination ecology to refer to bees that collect pollen from a range of unrelated plants. Honey bees exemplify this behavior, collecting nectar from a wide array of flowers. Other predominantly polylectic genera include Bombus, Ceratina, Heriades and Halictus. The opposite term is oligolecty, and refers to bees that exhibit a narrow, specialized preference for pollen sources, typically to a single family or genus of flowering plants.
Roughly two-thirds of bee species in Europe are polylectic, relying on a diverse array of pollen sources. This broad foraging approach allows these generalist bees to thrive in various environments and quickly adjust to shifting conditions. However, despite their adaptability, they are less efficient pollen gatherers than oligolectic bees, whose morphology is often specialized for more effective pollen collection from a narrower range of plants.
A species that exhibits polylecty is known as polylectic. This term should not be confused with Polylectic as a grammatical term, which has a similar etymology to the biological definition but instead refers to the adjective of a multi-word term, as opposed to a monolectic which is the adjective for a one-word term.
# Hans Jørgen Toming

Hans Jørgen Toming (né Esbensen; 9 June 1933 – 15 November 2002) was a Danish-born Norwegian visual artist and book designer.

## Personal life

He was born in Esbjerg to Aage and Rigmor Esbensen, and grew up in Odense. In 1956 he settled in Norway and married photographer Beth Andersen, and they created/adopted the artist name Toming around 1958.

## Career

Toming worked as freelancer most of his life. From 1962 he started working for the Norwegian book club Den norske Bokklubben [no]. His first book, the poetry collection Fasetter, was awarded a prize for "Most beautiful book of the year". He continued collaborating with Den norske Bokklubben until 1980. Over the years he designed about 1,500 book editions. He was awarded Norsk Designpris in 1963, Amandusprisen in 1964, and Den norske billedbokprisen in 1968. He died in Oslo in 2002.
# Persististrombus radix

Persististrombus radix is an extinct species of fossil sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Strombidae, the conchs.

## Fossil record

Fossils of Persististrombus radix are found in marine strata of the Oligocene (age range: from 28.4 to 23.03 million years ago.). Fossils are known from Bulgaria, France, Greece, India, Iran and Somalia.
# 2022 in Nicaragua

The following lists events in the year 2022 in Nicaragua.

## Incumbents

* President: Daniel Ortega
* Vice President: Rosario Murillo

## Events

* 6 January – A 6.1 magnitude earthquake hits Nicaragua.
* 12 January – Israel and the Argentine foreign ministry separately issue condemnations against the presence of Iranian minister Mohsen Rezai at the inauguration of Nicaraguan President Daniel Ortega. Rezai is wanted by Argentina for his alleged connections to the 1994 AMIA bombing.
* 6 June – 9th Summit of the Americas: The Biden administration bans the president of Nicaragua from attending this year's Summit of the Americas in Los Angeles, United States.
* 30 June – Hurricane watches are issued for Nicaragua and Costa Rica as Potential Tropical Cyclone Two is expected to form into Tropical Storm Bonnie in the coming hours.
* 2 July – Tropical Storm Bonnie makes landfall near the Costa Rica–Nicaragua border. The storm subsequently crosses over from the Atlantic basin to the Pacific basin, becoming the first storm to do so since Hurricane Otto in 2016. One person is reported missing in Trinidad and Tobago.
* 4 July – El Salvador suspends classes as Hurricane Bonnie passes through Central America. Deaths have been reported in Nicaragua and El Salvador.
* 28 July – Fifteen people are killed and 47 others are injured after a bus crash in Esteli, Nicaragua.
* 19 August – Police in Nicaragua confirm that they have arrested an anti-Ortega Roman Catholic bishop in Managua and warned against further "provocative and destabilizing" activities amongst the clergy.
* 9 October – Hurricane Julia makes landfall overnight in Laguna de Perlas.
* 6 November – 2022 Nicaraguan local elections
* 2 December: The United States Commission on International Religious Freedom adds Cuba, Nicaragua, and the Russian paramilitary organization Wagner Group to its blacklist of countries and organizations violating international religious freedom, signalling possible sanctions by the U.S. government.

## Deaths

* 29 January – David Green, baseball player (St. Louis Cardinals, San Francisco Giants) (born 1960)
* 11 February – Hugo Torres Jiménez, Sandinista guerrilla and military leader
* 5 March – Roberto Rivas Reyes, magistrate, president of the Supreme Electoral Council (2000–2018)
* 9 December – Pedro Miguel Arce, Nicaraguan-born Canadian actor.
# Midshipman fish

A midshipman fish is any species of toadfish belonging to the genus Porichthys (in family Batrachoididae). Historically, there have been two common names. Porichthys refers to the well developed pores on the fish, and this led to the common name "Porous Catfish". The other common name, "Midshipman" is based on the pattern of button-like luminous spots (photophores) which resemble the buttons on the uniforms of young naval officers known as midshipmen.
Midshipman fish are distinguished by their photophores and four lateral lines. Typical midshipman fishes, such as the plainfin midshipman (Porichthys notatus), are nocturnal and bury themselves in sand or mud in the intertidal zone during the day, to float just above the seabed at night. Some species have venomous dorsal spines and are capable of inflicting serious injuries if handled.

## Description

Male midshipman fish have two morphs: type I and type II. Type I and type II males have different reproductive strategies, and can be distinguished from each other based on physical characteristics. Type I males are eight times larger in body mass, and have much larger vocal organs. Type II males’ reproductive organs are seven times larger in size than those of type I males. Female and type II male midshipman fish can be distinguished from each other by the female's slightly larger size, and the type II male midshipman's large reproductive organs.

## Species
### Extant species

There are currently 14 recognized extant species in this genus:
* Porichthys analis C. L. Hubbs & L. P. Schultz, 1939 (Darkedge midshipman)
* Porichthys bathoiketes C. R. Gilbert, 1968
* Porichthys ephippiatus H. J. Walker & Rosenblatt, 1988 (Saddle midshipman)
* Porichthys greenei C. H. Gilbert & Starks, 1904 (Greene's midshipman)
* Porichthys kymosemeum C. R. Gilbert, 1968
* Porichthys margaritatus (J. Richardson, 1844) (Daisy midshipman)
* Porichthys mimeticus H. J. Walker & Rosenblatt, 1988 (Mimetic midshipman)
* Porichthys myriaster C. L. Hubbs & L. P. Schultz, 1939 (Specklefin midshipman)
* Porichthys notatus Girard, 1854 (Plainfin midshipman)
* Porichthys oculellus H. J. Walker & Rosenblatt, 1988 (Smalleye midshipman)
* Porichthys oculofrenum C. R. Gilbert, 1968
* Porichthys pauciradiatus D. K. Caldwell & M. C. Caldwell, 1963
* Porichthys plectrodon D. S. Jordan & C. H. Gilbert, 1882 (Atlantic midshipman)
* Porichthys porosissimus (G. Cuvier, 1829)

### Fossil species

* †Porichthys analis - Early Pliocene Onzole Formation, Ecuador
* †Porichthys margaritatus - idem
* †Porichthys pedemontanus Robba 1970 - Tortonian Italy

## Biology
### Reproduction and vocalization

Mating in midshipman fishes depends on auditory communication. Male midshipman fish produce several different vocalizations while females only make grunts in non-breeding situations.
# Varvara Akritidou

Varvara Akritidou (Greek: Βαρβάρα Ακριτίδου; born 15 July 1981 in Thessaloniki) is a Greek judoka, who competed in the women's half-heavyweight category. She held two Greek senior titles in her own division, picked up a total of six medals in her career, and represented her home nation Greece at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens.
Akritidou qualified for the Greek squad in the women's half-heavyweight class (78 kg) at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, by filling up an entry by the International Judo Federation and the Hellenic Olympic Committee, as Greece received an automatic berth for being the host nation. She lost her opening match to an experienced Ukrainian judoka Anastasiia Matrosova, who successfully scored an ippon and dropped her to the tatami with a sukui nage (double leg takedown) assault at two minutes. In the repechage, Akritidou raised her hopes of claiming an Olympic bronze medal for the host nation, but slipped them away in a defeat to South Korea's Lee So-yeon by an ippon and a kami shiho gatame one minute and sixteen seconds into their first playoff of the draft.
# Elfrida von Nardroff

Elfrida von Nardroff (July 3, 1925 – November 11, 2021) was an American game show contestant. In 1958, she won $220,500 (equivalent to $2,328,602 in 2023) on the game show Twenty-One, more money than any other contestant on the show. Later, it was revealed that there was cheating on the game show and von Nardroff committed perjury in Grand Jury proceedings.

## Early life

Elfrida von Nardroff was born on July 3, 1925, in Northampton, Massachusetts, to Robert (1895–1966), a physics professor at Columbia University, and Elizabeth von Nardroff.
She went to the college-preparatory school, Dwight-Englewood School in Englewood, New Jersey. She graduated from Duke University, earning an AB degree. From 1959 to 1963 she earned an ABD degree in sociology from Columbia University Graduate School. She also studied literature at Oxford and Cambridge universities in England.

## Career

After graduation, from 1951 to 1958, she worked in personnel positions including two years for Northwest Airlines. In 1956 she received a call from a talent scout with the company who produced the game show Twenty-One. In 1958, she won $220,500 on the show, more money than any other contestant, and ($2,127,191.73) in 2021 dollars. She planned to use the money to attend school for a PhD in psychology.
She appeared on the game show in 1958 and then took a job in the advertising industry from 1963 to 1980. She completed her working career retiring from a New York City real estate broker.

### Game show scandal

Shortly after her win, the game show was under investigation by the Manhattan district attorney, Frank S. Hogan, following a revelation that one of the contestants had been coached. Von Nardroff had claimed that she had done research at the New York Public Library filling notebooks, but Hogan's investigation found that claim to be false.
It was discovered that Twenty-One had been paying some contestants to lose. The trouble began when a losing contestant did not receive compensation that was promised to him. The man went to the media and revealed the game show's scheme.
von Nardroff was called to testify before a grand jury on November 12, 1958. She denied receiving any assistance. In 1958 she was also quoted in Life speaking about other contestants on the show, "They were respectable and intelligent people, it is inconceivable they could have been fixed." The investigation prompted ratings for all quiz shows to fall and by October 1958, Twenty-One was off the air.
She appeared before another grand jury in January 1959 to explain her multiple phone calls with the game show's producer Albert Freedman. She testified that she was only telling Freedman about her location.
In 1962, von Nardroff pleaded guilty to second-degree perjury along with 12 other former contestants. She received a suspended sentence.

## Death

von Nardroff died of a stroke on November 11, 2021, in a hospice in Westhampton Beach, New York.
# Żochowo, Ostrów Mazowiecka County

Żochowo is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Stary Lubotyń, within Ostrów Mazowiecka County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately 7 kilometres (4 mi) south-east of Stary Lubotyń, 11 km (7 mi) north-east of Ostrów Mazowiecka, and 100 km (62 mi) north-east of Warsaw.
# Holmatro

Holmatro is an international company producing hydraulic equipment and systems for industrial applications and emergency services using hydraulic rescue tools. Headquartered in the Netherlands, it was founded in 1967 to supply hydraulic equipment to the shipbuilding industry. Holmatro has branches in the US and China, as well as a worldwide dealer network. Its American branch, Holmatro USA, began in 1984 as a one-man sales office, followed in 1988 by a manufacturing and distribution facility near Baltimore/Washington International Airport in Glen Burnie, Maryland. At the time, the privately-owned company had $15-20 million in worldwide sales and 100 employees.
Between 1996 and 2018, the company had a sponsorship arrangement with the Indianapolis Motor Speedway and IndyCar. The Holmatro Safety Team performed extrication using their rescue tools and included emergency medical treatment personnel for American open-wheel car racing events nationwide. The Team, acclaimed for its extrication expertise, travels around the US for every IndyCar race and has demonstrated the techniques used at car racing trade shows. IndyCar racer James Hinchcliffe praised the Holmatro Safety Team for saving his life when he was impaled by his car and severely injured in a horrific crash on May 18, 2015, during an Indianapolis 500 practice run. In the aftermath of the Hinchcliffe crash, IndyCar Track Safety personnel consulted with Holmatro for improved methods to cut through Zylon panels that had made the extrication more difficult, compared to ordinary steel or aluminum car bodies. Since 2018, the IndyCar Safety Team has been sponsored by AMR, although Holmatro continues to provide the Team's rescue tools.
Holmatro's hydraulically-powered spreaders and cutters are used by fire rescue services to extricate accident victims quickly from mangled vehicles. Although sometimes colloquially called "jaws of life", that term is a registered trademark of Hurst, a North Carolina–based competitor making similar devices. Automotive manufacturers provide information about the design of their products and materials used to the rescue tool makers. Holmatro, for example, provides a book to fire departments depicting the location of air bag and seat belt tensioners, which can otherwise hamper extrication efforts. The company's representatives conduct demonstrations of their extrication tools for fire departments, using wrecked automobiles provided by insurance companies.
# Emily Warren (courtesan)

Emily Warren, also known as Emily Bertie, Emily Coventry and Emily Pott, (died 1781 or 1782) was a celebrated courtesan in 18th century London who was painted by Sir Joshua Reynolds, George Romney, Nathaniel Dance, and the Scottish miniaturist Charles Shirreff, although the images of Warren by Dance and Shirreff are lost or unidentified. Warren figured prominently in the memoirs of William Hickey.

## Biography

As a child, Warren wandered the streets with her blind beggar father. At the age of 12 Warren was "discovered" by Charlotte Hayes and trained to work as a prostitute in Hayes' "nunnery". Hayes taught her deportment and manners and she received "universal admiration". Hickey saw Warren around this time before departing for India in 1776. Reynolds probably first met Warren at Hayes' establishment in the late 1770s. He, and other artists, were known to visit London's brothels in search of models.
Warren left Hayes' establishment to become the mistress of Charles Greville, who commissioned Reynold to paint her as Thaïs. In 1778 she left Grenville to be "kept" by Hickey's friend, Captain Robert (Bob) Pott of the East India Company. He set her up in a house in Cork Street, with liveried servants, a yellow carriage and a box at the opera house.
In July 1780 Pott left for India and in the same month Hickey returned from the colony. Hickey and Warren resumed their relationship. To support his view that Warren was 'perfection', Hickey sought the opinion of Reynolds, "whom all the world allowed to be a competent judge" of beauty. Reynolds "declared every limb of hers perfect symmetry, and altogether he had never seen so faultless and finely formed a human figure."

### Death

Pott returned from India and the couple married. They sailed off to India to start a new life, much to the disapproval of Pott's father. Between Madras and Calcutta Warren died of a fever. Pott was so distraught that he had her coffin placed in a small boat that was towed behind the ship. On arrival in Calcutta her body was interred in the holy burial ground by the Hooghly River. Potts commissioned an architect, Edoardo Tiretta, to construct a mausoleum for her over the grave at a cost of £3,000 and a column for an additional £1,000.
# Beauty and the Beard

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| Record Mirror | |
Beauty and the Beard is an album by Al Hirt and Ann-Margret released by RCA Victor in 1964. The album was arranged by Marty Paich and produced by Steve Sholes.
The album reached No. 84 on the Billboard Top LPs chart in 1964 and #47 on the Cashbox Top 100 Albums.
Billboard Magazine awarded the album 'Special Merit' in their review column, stating that the record was "a wild and woolly combination. Ann-Margret and Al Hirt dish out a togetherness-type swingers. Ann-Margret does the huffin' while Al Hirt does the puffin'...duo provides much listenable entertainment."
In their review of the album, Cashbox praised the album as "delightfully entertaining...the trumpeter also turns singer here as he and the lark give good humoured readings of "My Baby Just Cares for Me", "Everybody Loves My Baby" and "The Best Man" and nine other lively tunes. Some brisk trumpet rides by Hirt add colour to the session."
The album was reissued on compact disc in 2010 by Bear Family Records under the title Personalities - The Velvet Lounge. It contained three bonus tracks never before released.

## Personnel

* Ann-Margret – vocals
* Al Hirt – trumpet, vocals
* Al Hendrickson – guitar
* Fred Crane – piano
* Lowell Miller – bass
* Jimmy Zitano – drums
* Red Norvo – vibraphone
* Eddie Miller – tenor saxophone
* Gerry Hirt – trombone
* Pee Wee Spitelera – clarinet
* Marty Paich – arrangements, conductor

## Charts

| Chart (1964) | Peak position |
| US Billboard Top LPs | 84 |
| US Cashbox Top 100 | 47 |
# Petherwin Group

The Petherwin Group is a geologic group in England. It preserves fossils dating back to the Devonian period.
# Miguasha Group

The Miguasha Group is a geologic group in Quebec. It preserves fossils dating back to the Devonian period.
# Everyday People (novel)

Everyday People is a novel by the American writer Stewart O'Nan.
It is set in 1998 in East Liberty and brings together the stories of its residents, mostly African-American during one fateful week in the early fall. The novel centers around Chris "Crest" Tolbert—an eighteen-year-old left paralyzed and haunted by the loss of his best friend after a recent accident—and O'Nan weaves together the lives of friends and family, lovers and strangers, and their emotions, memories, and dreams.
# Albert Español

Albert Español Lifante (born 29 October 1985) is a Spanish water polo player. At the 2012 Summer Olympics, he competed for the Spain men's national water polo team in the men's event. He is 6 ft 2 inches tall. At club level, he plays for Spanish powerhouse CN Atlètic-Barceloneta.

## Honours

Florentia
* LEN Euro Cup runners-up: 2012–13
CN Atlètic-Barceloneta
* LEN Champions League: 2013–14
* LEN Super Cup: 2014
* Spanish Championship: 2000–01, 2002–03, 2005–06, 2006–07,2008–09, 2009–10, 2010–11, 2012–13, 2013–14, 2014–15, 2015–16, 2017–18
* Copa del Rey: 2001, 2004, 2006, 2007,2009, 2010, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2018
* Supercopa de España: 2001, 2003, 2004, 2006, 2007,2009, 2010, 2011,2013, 2015, 2016, 2018
Olympiacos
* Greek Championship: 2016–17

## Awards

* European Championship Top Scorer: 2014 Budapest
* Spanish Championship Top Scorer: 2013–14 with CN Atlètic-Barceloneta, 2020–21 with CN Echeyde
* LEN Champions League Final Six MVP: 2014 with CN Atlètic-Barceloneta
# Champion (2002 film)

Champion (Korean: 챔피언) is a 2002 South Korean biographical sport drama film directed by Kwak Kyung-taek, about South Korean boxer Duk Koo Kim, portrayed by Yu Oh-seong.

## Background

A biopic, Champion details the life of Duk Koo Kim, South Korea's most popular boxer, who, in his rise to international fame, faced the reigning lightweight champion Ray Mancini at Caesar's Palace in Las Vegas, Nevada on November 13, 1982. Kim ultimately lost the match after fourteen rounds, and within minutes, dropped into a coma from which he never recovered. The match changed boxing rules around the world; and affected South Korea especially.

## Cast

* Yu Oh-seong - Duk Koo Kim
* Chae Min-seo - Lee Kyeong-mi
* Yun Seung-won - Kim Hyeon-ji
* Jung Doo-hong - Lee Sang-bok
* Kim Byeong-seo - Park Jong-pal
* Ji Dae-han - Hwang Jun-seok
* Shin Jung-geun - Kim Yun-gu
* Kim Hyun-sook - Bus driver
* Han Dae-gwan
* Matthew Ray Phillips - Ray Mancini
* Hoss Mortezaie - Mancini's Cornerman
# Petite Formation

The Petite Formation is a geologic formation in France. It preserves fossils dating back to the Carboniferous period.
# Milk Creek Formation

The Milk Creek Formation is a geologic formation in Arizona. It preserves fossils dating back to the Neogene period.
# Chara Papadopoulou

Chara Papadopoulou (Greek: Χαρά Παπαδοπούλου; born December 9, 1996, in Athens, Greece) is a female professional volleyball player from Greece, who is a member of the Greece women's national volleyball team. At club level, she plays for Austrian club ATSC Kelag Wildcats.

## Sporting achievements
### Clubs
#### International competitions

* 2017/2018 : CEV Women's Challenge Cup, with Olympiacos S.F. Piraeus

#### National championships

* 2017/2018 Hellenic Championship, with Olympiacos Piraeus

### National cups

* 2017/2018 Hellenic Cup, with Olympiacos Piraeus
# Dangam District

Dangam District is situated in the eastern end of Kunar Province in Afghanistan. It borders Marawara district to the southwest, Asadabad district to the west, Bar Kunar district to the north, Nari district to the northeast and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa in Pakistan to the east. The district is mountainous, but it is also economically underdeveloped.
The population of Dangam is approximately 18,803 (2019). Of this, around 98% are Pashtuns and the remaining 2% are Tajiks. There are 50 sub-villages and the district center is Dangam (34°59′33″N 71°25′08″E﻿ / ﻿34.9925°N 71.4189°E﻿ / 34.9925; 71.4189) at 1356 m altitude, located in the central part of the district.
Dangam and the region in general has been known for military actions against militant groups. It was reported in 2018 that Pakistani military entered Dangam District in helicopters to conduct air strikes.

## Referencing

* ↑ Dangam on YouTube
* ↑ "Estimated Population of Afghanistan 2019-20" (PDF). National Statistics and Information Authority (NSIA). 18 November 2019. p. 20. Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 June 2020. Retrieved 4 April 2020.
* ↑ "District Profile" (PDF). UNHCR. August 10, 2002. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2005-10-27. Retrieved 2021-03-08.
* ↑ "Joint Anti-Insurgent Operation Launched in Kunar's Dangam District". TOLOnews. January 16, 2015. Retrieved 2021-03-08.
* ↑ "Pakistani copters enter Kunar's Dangam district, shelling". Pajhwok Afghan News. April 4, 2018. Retrieved 2021-03-08.
# Bahuguna

Bahuguna is a Gangari Brahmin sub-group found in Indian state of Uttarakhand.
# Żukowo, Płock County

Żukowo is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Bielsk, within Płock County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.