OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Pseudotemperoceras

Pseudotemperoceras is an extinct genus of nautiloid cephalopods belonging to the Orthocerida from the far eastern part of the Russian Federation that lived during the Triassic from 249.7 to 245 mya, existing for approximately 4.7 million years.

## Taxonomy

Pseudotemperoceras was named by Schastlivtseva (1986) and is listed in the Orthocerida in Sepkoski (2002)

## Morphology

Pseudotemperoceras has a slender, orthoconic shell that resembles that of the earlier, Paleozoic, Temperoceras from which it gets its name, although Temperoceras is a geisonoceratid rather than an orthoceratid

## Fossil distribution

So far Pseudotemperoceras is known only from the western Verkhoyansk Range, Kharaulakhsk Mountains, in the Russian state of Yakutia in eastern Siberia, where it is associated with species of Trematoceras.
# Palaeospheniscus

Palaeospheniscus is an extinct genus of penguins belonging to the subfamily Palaeospheniscinae. These penguins are apparently not closely related to the modern genus Spheniscus.

## Description

The species of Palaeospheniscus were medium-sized to largish penguins, ranging from P. gracilis with an estimated maximal length of 55 cm to P. wimani, which reached up to 73 cm.

## Species

This genus contains the following three species:
* Palaeospheniscus patagonicus (type)
* Palaeospheniscus bergi
* Palaeospheniscus biloculatus
The following other species are disputed:
* Palaeospheniscus wimani (disputed)
* Palaeospheniscus gracilis (disputed)
They are all (except P. bergi, which is somewhat enigmatic) known from one or two handful of bones. Most of the specimens were found in Santa Cruz and Chubut Provinces of Patagonia, Argentina. The fossils were recovered from the Patagonian Molasse Formation, and are probably Early Miocene to Late Miocene or possibly Early Pliocene in age (Stucchi et al. 2003).
The type species of this genus is Palaeospheniscus patagonicus, the Patagonian slender-footed penguin. Palaeospheniscus gracilis was long believed to be from the Early Oligocene, but this is now thought to be erroneous.

## Distribution

Specimen belonging to this genus have been found in the Pliocene of South Africa, in Miocene to Pliocene of Chile, in Miocene of Argentina and South Africa and in Oligocene to Miocene of Argentina and Peru.
# PKS 0537-441

PKS 0537-441 is a blazar located in the constellation of Pictor. It has a redshift of 0.896 and was discovered in 1973 by an American astronomer named Olin J. Eggen, who noted it as a luminous quasar. This is a BL Lacertae object in literature because of its featureless optical spectra as well as both a possible gravitational microlensing and a gravitationally lensed candidate. Its radio source is found compact and is characterized by a spectral peak in the gigahertz range, making it a gigahertz-peaked spectrum source (GPS).

## Description

PKS 0537-441 is found violently variable on the electromagnetic spectrum at all frequencies, and is a source of gamma ray emission. Between December 2004 and March 2005, it underwent intense activity showing more than 4 magnitudes in a V filter in 50 days and 2.5 in 10 days. PKS 0537-441 is also known to display two flaring episodes, one in July 2009 and one in March 2010, with its gamma ray luminosity in the 0.1-100 GeV energy range reaching a peak value (2.6 x 10$^{48}$ erg s$^{−1}$) on 3-d timescales at the end of the month. During its variability, PKS 0537-441 shows signs of both flux and color index variability on timescales.
PKS 0537-441 contains a radio structure. The source is found to be core dominated on arcsecond scales with a secondary bright component separated by 7".2 at a 305° positional angle (PA). However, according to 2.3 GHz observations conducted by the Southern Hemisphere VLBI Experimental program (SHEVE), the radio structure has a 4.2 Jansky core with a measured diameter of 1.1 mas. There is a jetlike component, confirmed to be an asymmetric core-jet structure according to a 5 GHz Very-long-baseline interferometry imaging. This component is located north of the compact core.
PKS 0537-441 shows gamma ray and optical oscillations. During its high state between August 2008 and 2011, the periodogram of its gamma ray light curve displays a peak reaching T$_0$ ~ 280 days with significance of 99.7%. A broad magnesium ionized emission line was also discovered at redshift (z) 0.885, implied to be a mini low ionization broad absorption-line quasar. This speculates PKS 0537-441 might be a binary quasar.
# Macrogrammites

Macrogrammites is an extinct genus of cephalopod belonging to the ammonite subclass.
# Decimus Cascellius Aristoteles

Decimus Cascellius Aristoteles (Ancient Greek: Δέκμος Κασκέλλιος Ἀριστοτέλης, romanized: Dekmos Kaskellios Aristotelēs) was a leading statesman of Cyrene in the mid-second century AD.
Aristoteles belonged to a family that had long been prominent in Cyrene, perhaps descended from the Italian negotiatores (businessmen) who settled in the Eastern Mediterranean in the second century BC. Members of the family are attested as prominent Cyrenaean officials from 68 AD until the early third century AD.
Aristoteles played a prominent role in the recovery of the city following its devastation in the Kitos War in 115 AD. He was among the benefactors who donated money to "mother Cyrene" to aid the rebuilding efforts during the reign of Hadrian. He was one of several aristocrats who sponsored a column as part of the project to rebuild the Temple of Apollo (IRCyr C.256). The reconstruction of the temple was completed in the reign of Commodus, when Aristoteles was an old man and the Cyrenaeans appointed him annual priest of Apollo in order to reconsecrate the temple. This act is commemorated by two inscriptions near the temple, one in prose (IRCyr C.250) and the other (SEG 9.189) an inscribed epigram which compares him to Battus Aristoteles, the legendary founder of Cyrene:
Aristoteles also helped renew ties between Cyrene and its mother-city, Sparta, which had not been in close contact since the mid-Hellenistic period. As part of this, he served as the patronomos (chief magistrate) of Sparta.
# Tomb of Lars Porsena

The tomb of the Etruscan king Lars Porsena (Italian: Mausoleo di Porsenna) is a legendary ancient building in what is now central Italy. Allegedly built around 500 BCE at Clusium (modern Chiusi, in south-eastern Tuscany), and was described as follows by the Roman writer Marcus Varro (116–27 BCE):
   Porsena was buried below the city of Clusium in the place where he had built a square monument of dressed stones. Each side was three hundred feet in length and fifty in height, and beneath the base there was an inextricable labyrinth, into which, if any-body entered without a clue of thread, he could never discover his way out. Above this square building there stand five pyramids, one at each corner and one in the centre, seventy-five feet [c. 22 meters] broad at the base and one hundred and fifty feet [c. 44 meters] high. These pyramids so taper in shape that upon the top of all of them together there is supported a brazen globe, and upon that again a petasus from which bells are suspended by chains. These make a tinkling sound when blown about by the wind, as was done in bygone times at Dodona. Upon this globe there are four more pyramids, each a hundred feet [c. 30 meters] in height, and above them is a platform on which are five more pyramids.

## Destruction of the tomb

This structure, standing some 200 meters high, was supposedly destroyed along with Clusium itself in 89 BCE by the Roman general Cornelius Sulla. No trace of it has ever been found, and historians have generally regarded Varro’s account as a gross exaggeration at best, and downright fabrication at worst.
In the 18th century Angelo Cortenovis proposed that the tomb of Lars Porsena was a machine for conducting lightning.

## Gallery

* Conjectural restoration by Quatremere de Quincy after Varro's description. From Mazes and labyrinths; a general account of their history and developments (1922).
# Pericyclidae

Pericyclidae is one of nine families of the Pericycloidea superfamily. They are an extinct group of ammonoid, which are shelled cephalopods related to squids, belemnites, octopuses, and cuttlefish, and more distantly to the nautiloids.
# Yelverton, Norfolk

Yelverton is a village and civil parish in the English county of Norfolk, situated some 5 miles (8.0 km) south east of Norwich and closely associated with Alpington.
The villages name probably means 'Geldfrith's farm/settlement'.
The civil parish has an area of 2.21 km$^2$ (0.85 sq mi) and had a population of 186 in 62 households in the 2001 census, the population falling to 173 at the 2011 Census. For the purposes of local government, the parish falls within the district of South Norfolk. A single parish council serves the two parishes of Alpington and Yelverton.
The village itself is just south of the A146 (on which lies Yelverton Garage) and is contiguous with Alpington to the south with which it shares its facilities, which include a duckpond, village hall and St. Mary's church.
# 2011 in Danish television

This is a list of Danish television related events from 2011.

## Events

* 25 March – 15-year-old Sarah Skaalum Jørgensen wins the fourth season of X Factor.
* 25 November – Freestyle skier Sophie Fjellvang-Sølling and her partner Silas Holst win the eighth season of Vild med dans.

## Debuts

* 26 November – Voice – Danmarks største stemme (2011–present)

## Television shows
### 1990s

* Hvem vil være millionær? (1999–present)

### 2000s

* Vild med dans (2005–present)
* X Factor (2008–present)

## Channels

Launches:
* 1 June: Canal+ Emotion
* 1 June: Canal+ Family
* 1 July: Canal+ Emotion
Closures:
* 1 July: Canal+ Drama
# Magdalen Limestone

The Magdalen Limestone is a geologic formation in Texas. It preserves fossils dating back to the Carboniferous period.
# Aseroe rubra

Aseroe rubra, commonly known as the anemone stinkhorn, sea anemone fungus and starfish fungus, is a common and widespread basidiomycete fungus recognizable for its foul odour of carrion and its sea anemone shape when mature. Found in gardens on mulch and in grassy areas, it resembles a red star-shaped structure covered in brownish slime on a white stalk. It attracts flies, which spread its spores.

## Taxonomy

The first native Australian fungus to be formally described, Aseroe rubra was collected in 1792 in southern Tasmania and named by the French botanist Jacques Labillardière. The scientific name is derived from the Ancient Greek words Asē/αση 'disgust' and roē/ροη 'juice', and the Latin ruber 'red'. It is a member of the stinkhorn family Phallaceae, although has been placed by some mycologists in a separate family Clathraceae. Like them it bears its spores in a brownish slime which smells of faeces or carrion and attracts flies, which spread the spores.

## Description

Aseroe rubra begins as a partly buried whitish egg-shaped structure 3 cm (1+1⁄4 in) in diameter, which bursts open as a hollow white stalk with reddish arms erupts and grows to a height of 10 cm (3.9 in). It matures into a reddish star-shaped structure with six to ten arms up to 4 cm (1+1⁄2 in) long radiating from the central area. These arms are bifid (deeply divided into two limbs). The top of the fungus is covered with dark olive-brown slime or gleba, which smells of rotting meat. There is a cup-shaped volva at the base that is the remnants of the original egg.

## Distribution and habitat

This fairly common fungus is widely distributed in Australia from southeastern Queensland through New South Wales and eastern Victoria and Tasmania. It is also found across many islands in the Pacific Ocean, including New Zealand. A saprotroph, it is found on decomposing plant matter as well as on woodchips and mulch and is common in gardens and amenities plantings. It also occurs in alpine grasslands and woodlands.
From its natural habitat, it appears to have traveled to other parts of the world in garden or soil products; it was recorded growing on soil transported from Australia in a glasshouse in Kew Gardens in 1829 and later in California in North America. Transport in garden or soil products does not explain its presence on remote and uninhabited Pacific islands nor its occurrence in South Africa, Kangaita, and Kirinyaga (a small village in Kenya) in localities remote from any garden. These unexplained localities cast doubt on the assumption that the species was spread from Australia and New Zealand by humans. Recently, A. rubra var. zeylanica which differ in size (3-4.5 cm diam.) and salmon pink to reddish-orange unbranched arms or tentacles, has been reported from the Western Ghats, Kerala, India. This fungus is distributed in the semi-evergreen to evergreen forests and Eucalyptus stands at high ranges.
# Charles Whittingham (disambiguation)

Charles Whittingham (1767–1840) was an English printer.
Charles Whittingham may also refer to
* Charles Whittingham (1795–1876), English printer
* Charles E. Whittingham (1913–1999), American thoroughbred horse trainer
* Charles Whittingham (priest) (1664–1743), Irish Anglican priest
# Rhabdiferoceras

Rhabdiferoceras is an extinct genus of orthocerids belonging to the Baltoceratidae that lived in what would be North America during the Cassinian Stage at the end of the Early Ordovician, existing for approximately two million years from about 474 -472 mya.

## Taxonomy

Rhabdiferoceras was named by Flower (1964). Its type is Rhabdiferoceras annuliferum. It was assigned to Baltoceratidae by Flower (1964) and Hook and Flower (1977).

## Morphology

Rhabdiferoceras is a rod-bearing baltoceratid with undulations on the dorsal side of the ventral siphuncular rod that correspond to the segments of the siphuncle. Septal necks are very short, connecting rings are layered and are slightly expanded and gently convex from the outside. The genotype, Rhadiferoceras annuliferum Flower is known only from sectioning a limestone block, presumed to be of Cassinian age from the Pogonip Group from the northern end of the Ely Springs Range, Nevada. The siphuncle is rather large, in proportion, and slightly removed from the venter, considered a baltoceratid aspect.
We can only guess at what the animal may have been like or as to its habits. As an orthocerid it may have had 8 or 10 long arms or tentacles projecting from its head, as found in modern squids, belemnites, and indicated for Upper Ordovician Orthonybyoceras and Silurian Michelinoceras.
# Maxigoniatitidae

Maxigoniatitidae is one of nine families of the Pericycloidea superfamily. They are an extinct group of ammonoid, which are shelled cephalopods related to squids, belemnites, octopuses, and cuttlefish, and more distantly to the nautiloids.
# Sumer Singh of Jodhpur

Colonel HH Shri Raj Rajeshwar Saramad-e-Raja-e-Hindustan Maharajadhiraja Maharaja Sir Sumair Singh Bahadur,KBE (14 January 1898 – 3 October 1918) was the Maharaja of Jodhpur State of the Rathore dynasty of Marwar from 20 March 1911 to 3 October 1918 the shortest of reign any Jodhpur ruler had.

## Life

Sumer Singh was born on 14 January 1898 at Mehrangarh, Jodhpur, the eldest son of Maharaja Sir Sardar Singh, GCSI by his first wife, the Maharani Shri Lakhsman Kanwarji Maji Sahiba. In March 1911 at the age of 13, he succeeded to the Jodhpur gadi upon the death of his father, and served as a page of honour to George V at the Delhi Durbar that year.
Educated at Mayo College, Ajmer and Wellington College in Berkshire, he reigned for five years under the regency of his great-uncle General Maharaja Sir Pratap Singh of Idar, who had abdicated his throne at Idar in order to oversee the Jodhpur regency.

## Wartime service

Upon the outbreak of the First World War, the young Maharaja volunteered to serve in combat and was commissioned as an honorary Lieutenant in the British Army in October 1914. On 26 February 1916, a month after he had come of age, Sumer Singh was granted full ruling powers by the Viceroy, Lord Hardinge, in person. Shortly after, he left India for the battlefields of the Western Front, leading the Jodhpur Imperial Service Lancers in combat in France and Flanders. He was promoted to the rank of an honorary Major in the British Army in 1917. For his services, Sumer Singh was decorated and subsequently knighted as a Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire (KBE) in 1918.

## Personal life

On 9 December 1915, Sumer Singh married Pratapha Kanwarji Maji Sahiba, the daughter of Kumar Jivansinhji Jhalamsinhji Sahib of Sarodar, a branch of the Nawanagar royal family, and the sister of cricketer Ranjitsinhji. He married secondly, on 23 May 1918, Umrao Kanwarji Sahiba (d. 30 November 1949), the daughter of Thakur Shri Suraj Malji, of Sointra, under Jodhpur Marwar.
By his first wife, Sumer Singh had one daughter: Maharajkumari Shri Kishor Kumariji Baijilal Sahiba [H.H. Maharani Shri Kishor Kumari Sahiba, of Jaipur] ["Jo Didi"] (Mehrangarh, Jodhpur, 20 September 1916 – Rambagh Palace, Jaipur, 30 April 1958) who m. at Mehrangarh, Jodhpur, 24 April 1932, as his second wife, Maharaja Sawai Man Singh II of Jaipur, Maharaja of Jaipur.
Sumer Singh's sister, Marudhar Kanwar, was the first wife of Maharaja Sawai Man Singh II of Jaipur.

## Death

The Maharaja returned to Jodhpur in early 1918, but died on 3 October from pneumonia at the Ratanada Palace. He was cremated at Mehrangarh. As he had only left a daughter at his death, he was succeeded by his younger brother Umaid Singh.

## Honours
### British

* 1911 Delhi Durbar medal in gold
* 1914 Star (with August - November 1914 clasp)
* British War Medal
* Victory Medal
* Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire, (KBE) - awarded 1918

### Foreign

* Grand Cordon of the Order of the Nile of Egypt-1918
# Euparyphus ater

Euparyphus ater is a species of soldier fly in the family Stratiomyidae.

## Distribution

United States.
# War Eagle, West Virginia

War Eagle is an unincorporated community located in Mingo County, West Virginia, United States.

## History

A post office called War Eagle was established in 1902, and remained in operation until it was discontinued in 1959. War Eagle took its name from a local mining company.
# Main Street Limestone

The Main Street Limestone is a geologic formation in Texas. It preserves fossils dating back to the Cretaceous period.
# Rami Al Ali

Rami Al-Ali is a Syrian fashion designer. Al Ali graduated from the College of Fine Arts in Damascus, Syria with a degree in Visual Communications in 1995. Then, he decided to move to the United Arab Emirates to gain more experience in the fashion industry before creating his label, Rami Al Ali, in 2001.

## The House

Al Ali made a breakthrough in his fashion design career in 2009 when he showed on the official couture calendar at Alta Moda Alta Roma in Italy. Moreover, he made his debut at Paris Couture Week in 2012.
In 2014, Al Ali expanded his repertoire by launching a ready-to-wear line, characterized by classic silhouettes and elegant lines, reflecting a modern approach to luxurious evening wear. The brand continued to evolve, introducing Rami Al Ali White in 2020, a collection of ready-to-wear bridal designs.

## Celebrities

Al Ali's designs have gone to dress many celebrities including the Indian actress Aishwarya Rai Bachchan, Beyoncé, Jennifer Lopez, the Syrian singer Assala, Amal Clooney, Naomi Campbell, Eva Longoria, Helen Miren, Sharon Stone, Leonnie Hanne, Fan Bingbing, Yussra, and many more.

## Art & Uplifting Women

Al Ali dedicates a huge part of his label and designs to, both, art and women empowerment. He represented this in his 2019 exhibition titled Personal Revolutions in collaboration with the Atassi Foundation. The exhibition shed light on the beginnings of the women's art movement in Al Ali's home country, Syria, focusing on the role of women in the Syrian art scene.

## Collaborations

Throughout his career, Al Ali collaborated with several esteemed brands and designers, including the jewelry house Messika, fine jewelry brands, like Van Clef & Arpels and Bulgari, as well as the Spanish architect Carmelo Zappulla for Expo 2020.
Al Ali is also a mentor in collaboration with Dubai Design and Fashion Council (DDFC). His goal is to elevate local and regional talent in the fashion industry and foster sustainability.

## Nominations

Al Ali was nominated for The Business of Fashion (BoF) 500 - Class of 2023. The BoF is a live index of the 500 most influential people in the global fashion industry.

## Ard Dyar

Rami Al Ali launched Ard Dyar, a concept and community initiative designed to encourage open conversations with well-established Syrian figures in order to support the emerging Syrian Talend across the world, and to work on capacity building as it is a long-term investment for a thriving future.
# John Quinton (banker)

Sir John Grand Quinton (21 December 1929 – 28 April 2012) was chairman of Barclays Bank from 1987 to 1992.
In 1987, he succeeded Timothy Bevan as chairman of Barclays Bank, until 1992, when he was succeeded by Andrew Buxton.
He was appointed a Knight Bachelor in the 1990 New Year Honours.
Quinton was the first chairman of the FA Premier League.
# Rhabdognathus

Rhabdognathus is an extinct genus of dyrosaurid crocodylomorph. It is known from rocks dating to the Paleocene epoch from western Africa, and specimens dating back to the Maastrichtian era were identified in 2008. It was named by Swinton in 1930 for a lower jaw fragment from Nigeria. The type species is Rhabdognathus rarus. Stéphane Jouve subsequently assessed R. rarus as indeterminate at the species level, but not at the genus level, and thus dubious. Two skulls which were assigned to the genus Rhabdognathus but which could not be shown to be identical to R. rarus were given new species: R. aslerensis and R. keiniensis, both from Mali. The genus formerly contained the species Rhabdognathus compressus, which was reassigned to Congosaurus compressus after analysis of the lower jaw of a specimen found that it was more similar to that of the species Congosaurus bequaerti. Rhabdognathus is believed to be the closest relative to the extinct Atlantosuchus.

## Description

Rhabdognathus has an extremely elongated snout that makes up around 75% of the length of the entire skull. The total skull length of R. keiniensis is 73.1 centimetres (28.8 in), while the length of the skull of R. aslerensis is unknown because the front of the snout is not preserved in the only known skull, CNRST-SUNY-190. The mandible of Rhabdognathus is as high as it is wide or higher, which distinguishes it from Hyposaurus. The mandible is dorsally directed toward the tip, and the first pair of alveoli (tooth sockets) at the very tip of the jaw are higher than the others. Another distinguishing feature is the extreme length of the mandibular symphysis, which extends past the nineteenth mandibular alveolus. The splenial also extends beyond this point, although the position of its symphysis varies during growth. The alveoli of Rhabdognathus are rounded and directed slightly laterally, causing the teeth to project at an angle.
The skulls of R. aslerensis and R. keiniensis possess numerous characters that distinguish Rhabdognathus from other dyrosaurids. The posterior wall of the supratemporal fenestra inclines dorsally so that it is visible when the skull is viewed in dorsal aspect. In Dyrosaurus phosphaticus, the wall is vertical and thus not visible in dorsal aspect. In both species of Rhabdognathus, the space between the occipital condyle and the basioccipital tubera (both located in the back of the skull where the vertebrae articulate) is anteroposteriorly longer than in D. phosphaticus. In the skulls of both species of Rhabdognathus, the posterior margin is inclined so that both the occipital condyle and the basioccipital tubera below it are visible in occipital view.