OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 2023 Nottingham Open – Women's doubles

Ulrikke Eikeri and Ingrid Neel defeated Harriet Dart and Heather Watson in the final, 7–6$^{(8–6)}$, 5–7, [10–8] to win the women's doubles title at the 2023 Nottingham Open.
Beatriz Haddad Maia and Zhang Shuai were the reigning champions, but chose not to defend their title.

## Seeds

* Anna Danilina / Xu Yifan (semifinals)
* Asia Muhammad / Giuliana Olmos (quarterfinals)
* Chan Hao-ching / Latisha Chan (first round)
* Nadiia Kichenok / Alicja Rosolska (first round)

## Draw
### Key

* Q = Qualifier
* WC = Wild card
* LL = Lucky loser
* Alt = Alternate
* SE = Special exempt
* PR = Protected ranking
* ITF = ITF entry
* JE = Junior exempt
* w/o = Walkover
* r = Retired
* d = Defaulted
* SR = Special ranking

### Draw

| First round | First round | First round | First round | First round | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Final | Final | Final | Final | Final |
| 1 | A Danilina Y Xu | 5 | 6 | [10] | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | D Krawczyk J Teichmann | 7 | 2 | [8] | 1 | A Danilina Y Xu | 5 | 7$^{12}$ | [10] | | | | | | | | | |
| | N Dzalamidze S Santamaria | 6 | 6 | | | N Dzalamidze S Santamaria | 7 | 6$^{10}$ | [7] | | | | | | | | | |
| | L Marozava I Gamarra Martins | 4 | 4 | | | | | | | 1 | A Danilina Y Xu | 4 | 4 | | | | | |
| 4 | N Kichenok A Rosolska | 5 | 6 | [7] | | | | | | | U Eikeri I Neel | 6 | 6 | | | | | |
| | F-h Wu L Zhu | 7 | 1 | [10] | | F-h Wu L Zhu | 1 | 4 | | | | | | | | | | |
| | F Christie A Collins | 6 | 4 | [4] | | U Eikeri I Neel | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | |
| | U Eikeri I Neel | 4 | 6 | [10] | | | | | | | | | | | U Eikeri I Neel | 7$^8$ | 5 | [10] |
| | M Sakkari D Vekić | 6 | 4 | [6] | | | | | | | | | | WC | H Dart H Watson | 6$^6$ | 7 | [8] |
| | C Bucșa M Ninomiya | 3 | 6 | [10] | | C Bucșa M Ninomiya | 4 | 6$^7$ | | | | | | | | | | |
| WC | H Dart H Watson | 6 | 6 | | WC | H Dart H Watson | 6 | 7$^9$ | | | | | | | | | | |
| 3 | H-c Chan L Chan | 3 | 4 | | | | | | | WC | H Dart H Watson | 6 | 6 | | | | | |
| WC | E Appleton J Burrage | 4 | 4 | | | | | | | | A Barnett O Nicholls | 4 | 4 | | | | | |
| | A Barnett O Nicholls | 6 | 6 | | | A Barnett O Nicholls | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | |
| | A Cornet A Kalinina | 4 | 2 | | 2 | A Muhammad G Olmos | 3 | 2 | | | | | | | | | | |
| 2 | A Muhammad G Olmos | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
# MDA framework

In game design the Mechanics-Dynamics-Aesthetics (MDA) framework is a tool used to analyze games. It formalizes the properties of games by breaking them down into three components: Mechanics, Dynamics and Aesthetics. These three words have been used informally for many years to describe various aspects of games, but the MDA framework provides precise definitions for these terms and seeks to explain how they relate to each other and influence the player's experience.

## Overview

* Mechanics are the base components of the game — its rules, every basic action the player can take in the game, the algorithms and data structures in the game engine etc.
* Dynamics are the run-time behavior of the mechanics acting on player input and "cooperating" with other mechanics.
* Aesthetics are the emotional responses evoked in the player.
There are many types of aesthetics, including but not limited to the following eight stated by Hunicke, LeBlanc and Zubek:
* Sensation (Game as sense-pleasure): Player enjoys memorable audio-visual effects.
* Fantasy (Game as make-believe): Imaginary world.
* Narrative (Game as drama): A story that drives the player to keep coming back
* Challenge (Game as obstacle course): Urge to master something. Boosts a game's replayability.
* Fellowship (Game as social framework): A community where the player is an active part of it. Almost exclusive for multiplayer games.
* Discovery (Game as uncharted territory): Urge to explore game world.
* Expression (Game as self-discovery): Own creativity. For example, creating a playable character resembling player's own appearance.
* Submission (Game as pastime): Connection to the game, as a whole, despite constraints.
The paper also mentions a ninth kind of fun competition. The paper seeks to better specify terms such as 'gameplay' and 'fun', and extend the vocabulary of game studies, suggesting a non-exhaustive taxonomy of eight different types of play. The framework uses these definitions to demonstrate the incentivising and disincentivising properties of different dynamics on the eight subcategories of game use.
From the perspective of the designer, the mechanics generate dynamics which generate aesthetics. This relationship poses a challenge for the game designer as they are only able to influence the mechanics and only through them can be produced meaningful dynamics and aesthetics for the player. The perspective of the player is the other way around. They experience the game through the aesthetics, which the game dynamics provide, which emerged from the mechanics.

## Criticism

Despite its popularity, the original MDA framework has been criticized for several potential weaknesses. The eight kinds of fun comprise a rather arbitrary list of emotional targets, which lack fundamentals and how more types of emotional responses can be explored. It also has been challenged for neglecting many design aspects of games while focusing too much on game mechanics, and therefore not suitable for all types of games, including particularly gamified content or any type of experience-oriented design.
# Niko (musician)

Nicole Vergel De Dios, known by her stage name Niko, is an American musician. She was born in Seattle, Washington to Japanese and Spanish, Norwegian, German, Filipino parents.
She completed a Jazz and Contemporary Music Degree from the New School University in New York City, prior to signing to Grand Central Records independent record label in 2002.
She worked as musical supervisor and featured artist on the film Take It From Me for Public Broadcasting Service (PBS) Public television station.
She was based in Brooklyn, New York City before immigrating to the UK. Her debut album, Life On Earth, was produced mainly by fellow former Grand Central artist, Aim as well as Mr. Scruff and Riton.
Niko co-founded ATIC Records in 2005 with Aim (Andy Turner) and co-wrote and performed vocals on several tracks for Aim's 2006 album Flight 602. Her own second album, produced by Aim and herself, was released on ATIC in early 2008. Niko also performed vocals live for Aim's 10-piece touring band throughout 2007, which included a performance at Glastonbury Festival. and Shepherds Bush Empire.

## Discography

* Sound Off! 12" (2002, Cat no: GC 159)
* You're My Favourite Music 12"(2003, Cat no: GC 166)
* Shifting 12" (2004, Cat no: GC 181)
* Life On Earth (August 2004, Cat. no: GCCD130)
* ATIC Sampler Vol. 1 (2005. Cat. no: ATIC001/ATIC001DB)
* Follow the Outline (Jan 2010, Cat. no:ATICCD008/ATICDB008)
* The Daddy Remix feat QNC (March 2012, Cat. no: ATIC014DB)
* You're So Boring (March 2012, Cat. no.: ATIC015D)
* Hate & Love (July 2012, Cat. no: ATICLP011, ATICCD011/ATICDB011)
* You Used To Have Her (August 23, 2021, Cat. no ATIC019)

## Appearances

* ADNY 'Beautiful Boy','You Are My Light' Clear Vision EP (WAVE Music, Cat no: WM50080-1)
* Mr Scruff's track Come Alive from the album Trouser Jazz
* Only Child's tracks Show Me Love and Love's Reprise from the album Solitaire
* Aim's Flight 602 album 'Intro', 'Northwest', 'Puget Sound', 'Smile','Landlord', 'Aberdeen'
* Crowhead's album Born With Teeth 'The Bends'
* Aim & QNC's album 'The Habit of a Lifetime (And How To Kick It)' 'The More I Get (The More I Want)'
# Blakeoceras

Blakeoceras is a nautiloid cephalopod from the Oncocerida family Nothoceratidae with a curved shell that lived in shallow seas from the Silurian to the Middle Devonian in what has become Europe.
The shell of Blakeoceras is moderately curved (cyrtoconic) with the ventral side on the outer curvature (exogastric) Chambers in the phragmocone are short and wide, separated by straight, close spaced septa. Body chamber short. Siphuncle ventro-marginal, with internal, radial actinosiphonate deposits and concave segments.
Blakeocers is similar to Perimecoceras in general form, but is more broadly expanded and has a proportionally shorter body chamber. Conostichoceras is less strongly curved and widens more laterally. Turnoceras is more strongly curved and has a much greater expansion. Conostichoceras and Turnoceras are also more breviconic (shorter).
Blakeoceras is an early nothoceratid possibly derived from Perimecoceras which has its origin in the Oncoceratidae, and is the likely source for the other exogastric nothoceratids with more greatly expanded shells.
Blakeoceras was probably a bottom-feeder, based on its shell, that spent time, prowling, head down, over the sea floor.
# Delitzschala

Delitzschala is an extinct palaeodictyopteran, the oldest known to science. It was discovered by two German entomologists in 1996. Delitzschala had a wingspan of just 2½ cm (1 in) and an irregular pattern of coloured spots on its wings. Although it was from Middle Carboniferous (Namurian), these spots were still visible in the fossil. It is possible that this camouflaged the animal, as it may have rested with its wings open as many modern-day insects do.
# Ramkan

Ramkan (Persian: رمكان) is a city in the Central District of Qeshm County, Hormozgan province, Iran. It served as the capital of Ramkan Rural District until its capital was transferred to the village of Turiyan. Ramkan suffered heavily in the 2005 Qeshm earthquake.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, Ramkan's population was 3,385 in 672 households, when it was a village in Ramkan Rural District. The following census in 2011 counted 3,607 people in 823 households. The 2016 census measured the population of the village as 4,473 people in 1,135 households.
After the census, Ramkan was elevated to the status of a city.
# Boes

Boes ("Ox Tales") is a Dutch newspaper gag-a-day comic strip created by Wil Raymakers and Thijs Wilms. It was created in 1980 and spawned a popular anime television series between 1988 and 1991, titled Ox Tales in the English-speaking world. The comic managed to outlive the animated adaptation and still continues to appear as a column strip in various Dutch daily and weekly newspapers until 2011.

## Concept

"Boes" is a pantomime gag-a-day comic about an anthropomorphic ox who walks on clogs in a landscape that resembles the farm lands in the Netherlands. He works as a farmer. Many gags that focused on his comedic interactions with animals. While many gags are child-friendly there are also gags which have more risqué humour involving sex, toilet humor and obscene gestures. The series has a few recurring characters who are unnamed in the comics, but received names in the animated series. They are Dolly the tortoise, Shampoo the gorilla and Saffie the dog. While in the English dub for the series, they are named Jack, Gaylord, and Sammy.
Between 1981 and 1982, William-Dickens Productions published two albums with gags. Between 1986 and 1989, 14 albums were published in oblong format by Uitgeverij Drukwerk (nrs. 1–10) and Standaard Uitgeverij (nrs. 11–14). Standaard Uitgeverij republished four albums with gags between 1989 and 1993 and gave them distinguishable titles: "Ossehaas" (1989), "Kippevel" (1991), "Hamsterwoede" (1992) and "Stierengevecht" (1993).
In 1988, three comic book albums were published by Standaard Uitgeverij where Boes has longer stories and in which he and other characters talk to one another. These albums were titled: "Een harde noot" ("A hard nut"), "Een nieuw erf" ("A new yard") and "De schaapscheerder" ("The sheep shearer").
In 2011, three new albums with gags were published by Nona Arte.

## Animated series

Between 1988 and 1991, the comic series was adapted into an animated television series, produced by Telecable Benelux B.V., Teleimage Japan Inc., and Meander Studio. A total of 101 episodes were made and aired internationally in 10 languages: English, Spanish, Italian, Dutch, Hebrew, Portuguese, French, German, Swedish and Croatian.

## Sources

* 1 2 Mr. Henry. "Nona Arte herlanceert 'Boes' – Strip Turnhout". stripgids.org. Archived from the original on 22 December 2015. Retrieved 11 December 2015.
* 1 2 Bonte, Peter (2005). De StripDatabank. Uitgeverij Bonte. ISBN 9789034420008. Retrieved 11 December 2015 – via google.be.
* ↑ "Wil Raymakers". lambiek.net. 1 January 1970. Retrieved 11 December 2015.
* ↑ "Ox Tales – m4e". m4e.de. Retrieved 11 December 2015.
* This comic strip–related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
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# The Winning Season (2004 film)

The Winning Season is a 2004 television film with elements of a fantasy drama. It chronicles a young boy's dream in 1985 with playing with the Pittsburgh Pirates' great Honus Wagner. It is adapted from the 1997 children's novel Honus & Me by Dan Gutman. The film premiered on TNT on April 4, 2004.

## Plot

A young boy dreams of playing with the Pittsburgh Pirates, and Honus Wagner. Eventually the boy assists Wagner in his 1909 World Series duel with fellow hall-of-famer Ty Cobb.

## Cast

* Matthew Modine - as Honus Wagner
* Kristin Davis - as Mandy
* Mark Rendall - as Joe Stoshack
* William Lee Scott - as Ty Cobb

## Production

The film was made by TNT and first broadcast on April 4, 2004. Modine prepared for his role as Wagner by playing with a minor-league team, the IronBirds in Aberdeen, Maryland, owned by Cal Ripken Jr.

## Critical reaction

Variety condemned the film as "schlocky" and sentimental. Their critic found Modine's performance started to wear and Davis brought "little conviction", but director John Kent Harrison was praised for the performance he got out of Rendall.
# National Hajj Council (Ghana)

National Hajj Council (also National Hajj Committee or Ghana Hajj Secretariat or Ghana Hajj Board) is a division under the Pilgrims Affairs Office of Ghana's Ministry of Foreign Affairs. It was set up to oversee the annual airlifting of Ghanaian Hajj pilgrims to Saudi Arabia.

## Cost of Hajj

The cost of Hajj per head experience frequent fluctuations, falling in some years and rising in others mainly due to the instability of the Ghanaian cedi. When pegged against the US dollar however the unit cost kept changing depending on other factors like exchange rate, flight ticket among others
| Year | Cost | Cost |
| Year | (US dollar) | (Ghanaian cedi) |
| 2023 | 6,500 | 75,000 |
| 2022 | 5,000 | 39,000 |
| 2021 | Cancelled due to Covid-19 | Cancelled due to Covid-19 |
| 2020 | Cancelled due to Covid-19 | Cancelled due to Covid-19 |
| 2019 | 3,750 | 19,500 |
| 2018 | 3,450 | 15,000 |
| 2017 | 3,450 | 15,000 |
| 2016 | 3,500 | 11, 900 |
| 2015 | 3,450 | 11,900 |
| 2014 | 3,450 | 12,000 |
| 2013 | 3,450 | 6,800 |

## Leadership

Leadership of the National Hajj Council is appointed by President of Ghana in consultation with the Chief Imam of Ghana. Over the years different government administrations have reorganized leadership structure of the Hajj facilitation body under various names.

### 2017 reconstitution

Akuffo-Addo government in 2017 reconstituted the erstwhile Hajj Committee into three major units supervised by an eleven-member board. The three units are Medical, Communications and an Information Technology directorate; the latter tasked with the responsibility to build and deploy a technology infrastructure to manage all Hajj operations.

### Chronology of leaders

| Office(s) | Officeholder | Term start | Term end |
| Board Chairman | Ben Abdallah Banda | February 2023 |
| Board Chairman | Ibrahim Cudjoe Quaye | February 2017 | January 2023 |
| Board Chairman | Abdul Rauf Ibrahim Tanko | January 2013 | January 2016 |
| Board Chairman | Alhassan Bene | 2009 | 2012 |
# Delorme Formation

The Delorme Formation is a geologic formation in Northwest Territories. It preserves fossils dating back to the Silurian period.
# Sandun

Sandun is a given name. Notable people with the name include:
* Sandun Dias (born 1985), Sri Lankan cricketer
* Sandun Fernando (born 1999), Sri Lankan cricketer
* Sandun Mendis (born 2001), Sri Lankan cricketer
* Sandun Wijemanne Nissanka (born 1998), Sri Lankan-American record industry executive
* Sandun Rathnatunga (born 1990), Sri Lankan cricketer
* Sandun Weerakkody (born 1993), Sri Lankan cricketer
# Granitites

Granitites intangendus is a species of flowering plant endemic to Western Australia. It is found on granite outcrops in semi-arid regions of the midwest and south.
The only member of the genus Granitites, a name derived from its habitat, it is placed within the family Rhamnaceae. It bears many similarities to the genus Alphitonia (Ash or Sarsparilla trees), which are found in distant tropical regions of Australia, suggesting that it is an ancient species that became relics by climate changes. Its lineage would therefore extend to an era, some 20 mya, when tropical species covered the southern part of the continent.
The habit of this shrub is low-lying and sprawling, at 0.1 metres tall, or erect to a height of 2 metres. It has spiky branchlets, small leaves in an alternate arrangement, and small flowers that are clustered on relatively long stalks. The leaves are entire, or with a toothed margin, are linear in outline or broader at the base, may have hairs, veins that branch from the central axis, and are rolled upon themselves in a revolute manner. The flowers are generally white, the calyx and corolla might also be this colour or pinkish. Its fruit is a schizocarp, dry carpels that divide when mature into single seed bearing capsules. It is found in sandy soils on granite outcrops east of Kalgoorlie, the Avon Wheatbelt and Mallee regions in the southern and eastern parts of the state. Specimens have been recorded at The Humps near Hyden.
The first description of the genus was made by Barbara Rye in Nuytsia in 1996. The author refers to the specimens collected at Fraser's Range and Esperance Bay 120 years beforehand, which was described as a species of Pomaderris by Ferdinand von Mueller.
# Dubna (Volga)

The Dubna (Russian: Дубна) is a river in Vladimir Oblast and Moscow Oblast in Russia, a right tributary of the Volga. The length of the river is 167 kilometres. The area of its basin is 5,350 km². Its largest tributary is the Sestra. The town of Dubna is located at the confluence of the Dubna and Volga rivers.
# Breizhops

Breizhops is a genus of trilobite in the order Phacopida, which existed in what is now Brittany, France. It was described by Morzadec in 1983, and the type species is Breizhops lanceolatus.
# Denazinosuchus

Denazinosuchus is a genus of goniopholidid mesoeucrocodylian. Its fossils have been recovered from the Upper Cretaceous Fruitland Formation and Kirtland Formation (late Campanian-early Maastrichtian) of the San Juan Basin, New Mexico. It is the most abundant and readily identifiable mesoeucrocodylian of the San Juan Basin, mostly due to its distinctive subrectangular, flattened, and sparsely pitted bony armor. It was first described in 1932 by Carl Wiman on the basis of a skull as a species of Goniopholis, G. kirtlandicus. Spencer G. Lucas and Robert M. Sullivan redescribed the species in 2003 and gave it its own genus, Denazinosuchus. To date, Denazinosuchus is only known from skull material, armor, and a thigh bone.
# Indus Dolphin Reserve

28°01′N 69°15′E﻿ / ﻿28.017°N 69.250°E﻿ / 28.017; 69.250
Indus Dolphin Reserve is a Ramsar site located between Guddu Barrage and Sukkur Barrage on River Indus in Pakistan. Stretched on an area of 125,000 hectares, it was designated as a wetland protected site on 10 May 2001. In 1974 it was declared a protected site locally on the recommendation of World Wide Fund for Nature. According to a survey conducted in 1989, there are about 429 Indus river dolphin present.
# 309 (disambiguation)

309 may refer to:
* 309 (year)
* 309 (number)
* Peugeot 309
* NGC 309
* UFC 309
# Maloti-Drakensberg Park

The Maloti-Drakensberg Park is a World Heritage Site, established on 11 June 2001 by linking the Sehlabathebe National Park in the Kingdom of Lesotho and the uKhahlamba Drakensberg Park in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. The highest peak is Thaba Ntlenyana rising to 3,482 metres.
Proposed extensions to the main park include the Golden Gate Highlands National Park, Sterkfontein Dam Nature Reserve (Free State) and Royal Natal National Park (KwaZulu-Natal) in South Africa; and the Bokong Nature Reserve and Ts'ehlanyane National Park in Lesotho.$^{:7}$
The park is situated in the Drakensberg Mountains which form the highest areas in the sub-region, and support unique montane and sub-alpine ecosystems. These ecosystems hold a globally significant plant and animal biodiversity, with unique habitats and high levels of endemism. The park is also home to the greatest gallery of rock art in the world with hundreds of sites and many thousands of images painted by the Bushmen (San people).
The Maloti-Drakensberg Transfrontier Conservation and Development Area was conceived as a Peace park, covering about 8 113 km$^2$, consisting of 5 170 km$^2$ (64%) in Lesotho and 2 943 km$^2$ (36%) in KwaZulu-Natal.

## Gallery

* View of mountains in the evening
# Bufoceraurus

Bufoceraurus is an extinct genus of trilobite.
# Aleksandr Kolmakov

Aleksandr Kolmakov (born 12 December 1966) is a Kazakhstani ski jumper. He competed at the 1994 Winter Olympics and the 1998 Winter Olympics.
# Denton Formation

The Denton Formation is a geologic formation in Texas. It preserves fossils dating back to the Cretaceous period.
# Camponotus absquatulator

Camponotus absquatulator is a species of carpenter ant native to California, Nevada, and Baja California. It was separated from the Camponotus festinatus complex in 2006 by Roy Snelling.
# Václav Dobruský

Václav Dobruský (Bulgarian: Вацлав Добруски, Vatslav Dobruski; 11 August 1858 – 24 December 1916) was a Czech archaeologist, epigrapher and numismatist who was mostly active in Bulgaria. The first director of the National Archaeological Museum of Bulgaria from 1893 to 1910, he is regarded as one of the founding fathers of archaeology in that country.

## Biography

Dobruský was born in the small eastern Bohemian town of Heřmanův Městec (Hermannstädtel), then in eastern Bohemia, Austrian Empire (today in Pardubice Region, Czech Republic). He graduated from the Faculty of Philosophy at Charles University in Prague, where he studied Ancient Greek and Latin. Upon his graduation, he was invited to newly liberated Eastern Rumelia to work as a teacher. From 1880 to 1886, he taught Latin at the high school in Plovdiv, the capital of Eastern Rumelia. It was during this time that he began his research on the archaeology of Thrace and medieval Bulgarian epigraphy.
A year after the Bulgarian unification in 1885, Václav Dobruský moved to Sofia, the capital of the Principality of Bulgaria. Between 1886 and 1893, he was teacher of Latin at the Sofia High School for Boys. From 1890 to 1910, he read lectures on ancient archaeology at what is today Sofia University. In 1893, he was appointed director of the newly established National Archaeological Museum and organized the museum's first exhibitions based on the Prague and Vienna museums.
As an archaeologist, Dobruský personally headed the excavations of the Zlatna Panega asclepieion in 1903–1906, the Ognyanovo nymphaeum in 1904 and the ancient cities of Oescus (1904–1905) and Nicopolis ad Istrum (1906–1909). These and other discoveries increased the National Archaeological Museum's collection from the initial 343 items and 2,357 coins to 5,504 items and 16,135 coins by 1 February 1910, when Dobruský retired as director of the museum to be replaced by Bogdan Filov. In 1907, Dobruský had laid the foundations of Bulgarian archaeology periodicals with his journals on the archaeological museum's findings. He authored over 50 articles on ancient archaeology, epigraphy and history.
In 1911, Dobruský returned to Prague. From 1912 to 1914, he taught Latin and Greek numismatics at Charles University. From 1916 to his death, he headed the library of the Royal Czech Society of Sciences.