OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# The Exodus Movement

The Exodus Movement (formerly known as Jexodus), is an American right-wing political campaign aimed at encouraging Jews to leave the Democratic Party. Spokesperson Elizabeth Pipko states that "overwhelmingly, the Jewish people have supported Democrats over the years," she believes that the Republican Party can make inroads. In the 2018 midterm election 79% of Jewish voters supported Democratic candidates.

## History

Jexodus was launched in early March 2019 at the 2019 Conservative Political Action Conference (CPAC).
In 2019, the Jexodus website stated their mission as "Jexodus is a non-partisan nonprofit that unites people of good will – regardless of faith, ethnicity, identity, and political affiliation – around the simple, formerly non-controversial idea that Anti-Semitism must never be mainstreamed by the media or by any political party."
The organization was started by Jeff Ballabon, an advisor to Donald Trump and a Republican Party lobbyist. Elizabeth Pipko, a Trump supporter, is the group's spokesperson. Jexodus has been criticized as "likely a clumsy astroturf effort rather than an actual grassroots movement", in part because the Jexodus website was registered November 5, 2018 – before the congressional election and before those representatives it accused of anti-Semitism had even been elected. On March 12, 2019, Trump tweeted his support of the movement. Jexodus has been described as "far right" by Haaretz and as "fringe" by Yahoo! News.
Jexodus became The Exodus Movement on March 21, 2019. The name change came after widespread ridicule of the name "Jexodus" for the redundancy of calling for a "Jewish Exodus" when The Exodus was Jewish to begin with.
# Paint Creek Formation

The Paint Creek Formation is a geologic formation in Illinois. It preserves fossils dating back to the Carboniferous period.
# Ek Do Teen

Ek Do Teen (lit. 'One Two three') may refer to these in Indian cinema:
* Ek Do Teen (film), a 1953 Hindi comedy film
* "Ek Do Teen" (song), a Hindi song from the film Tezaab and Baaghi 2
# 2018 arrest of WhatsApp group members

In 2018, the government of Kazakhstan made a mass arrest of nine Kazakh men who were members of a group chat for discussing Islam on the messaging app WhatsApp. Their arrest was determined to be in violation of international law by the Working Group on Arbitrary Detention. However, five of the men remain imprisoned, and the four that are no longer imprisoned still face restrictions. The five who remain imprisoned are: Beket Mynbasov, Samat Adilov, Nazim Abdrakhmanov, Ernar Samatov and Bolatbek Nurgaliyev.

## Background

Serious international concern has been given about the situation of human rights in Kazakhstan, in particular concerning freedom of religion and arbitrary detention. The founder of the WhatsApp Group, Bolatbek Nurgaliyev is a Salafi Muslim. He started the group, called "Ahli Sunnah Val Jamagat" on 2 December 2013. Between 2013 and 2018, the group grew to 171 members. Most of the messages in the group were sharing articles written by Islamic scholars. Kazakh authorities accused the group of encouraging terrorism, however an independent analysis by Adil Soz showed that messages on the server did not incite hatred or violence based on religion, nor the superiority of any religion. Nurgaliyev has said that he strongly opposes terrorist action.

## Legal proceedings
### Arrest and trial

Nurgaliyev was arrested on October 27, 2018. Other members of the group were arrested October 27–28. Their trials ended on 5 August 2019, and the men were sentenced to prison time, ranging from 5–8 years. During the trial, "no evidence that any members of the group were ... advocating, encouraging or condoning acts of terrorism" was presented.

### Imprisonment and further repression

There has been concern that some members of the group are being tortured and put in solitary confinement. Additionally, many of them have been forbidden from accessing the Koran, praying the namaz, or marking Eid al-Fitr while imprisoned, with disobeying prisoners given rotten food and threatened with extra jail time.

## International Response

The United States Commission on International Religious Freedom recognized the men as religious prisoners of conscience.
# Greyhound Air

Greyhound Air was a short-lived Canadian discount airline. Launched by Greyhound Canada, the airline ceased 14 months later in September 1997, when Laidlaw acquired the Canadian bus line.

## Proposal

Greyhound USA had suffered the incursion of the low-cost air offensive. In Canada, WestJet appeared increasingly threatening. Growth prospects depended upon luring more car users onto Greyhound buses and airplanes. The target market was leisure and cost-conscious travellers, who would typically drive between medium-sized Canadian cities. Theoretically, the existing Greyhound bus routes could seamlessly connect into air travel, providing a comprehensive yet affordable travel network. In late 1995, Greyhound announced its intention to launch a discount airline to complement its coach network.

## Operations

Kelowna Flightcraft, a cargo operator at the time based out of Kelowna, provided jet passenger aircraft and crew. However, because KF held the domestic airline licence, Greyhound could not legally display its name on the aircraft. The airline ran a notable ad campaign which featured a Greyhound dog lifting its leg to urinate against the wheel of an airplane. During September 1996, a price war erupted with competitors. Although Greyhound experienced load factors exceeding 80 per cent, it sustained a loss of $10M during the first five months of operation.

## Destinations

Flying out of its Winnipeg hub, scheduled flight destinations were:
* Calgary
* Edmonton
* Hamilton
* Kelowna
* Ottawa
* Toronto
* Vancouver

## Fleet

The fleet comprised seven Boeing 727-200s. The archaic 727s experienced high operating costs, requiring a third crew member in the cockpit and were also less fuel efficient than WestJet’s Boeing 737s.

## Shortcomings

Evidencing weak business strategy, the airline failed to understand its passengers and competitors, and created a high-cost ineffective company. In this regard, the carrier never defined a true competitive advantage. Bypassing travel agents until April 1997, which sold 80 per cent of airline tickets at the time, automatically excluded a large passenger base. Logistically, weaving air service into the existing bus network was not only complex but impractical. The hub-and-spoke model through Winnipeg increased passenger travel time, offering a less appealing experience than a point-to-point system. Foreign ownership issues hampered obtaining a domestic airline licence, delaying the launch by several months and missing out on the lucrative early-summer traffic. The employee culture was ill-equipped for the intensity of an airline startup, which needed to attract candidates focused upon positivity and drive, and to offer employees motivational rewards.
# Patent insides

Patent insides were preprinted newspaper pages sold to newspaper publishers to provide them with content at a nominal cost, about what the publisher would have to pay for blank paper alone.

## History

In 1863, Andrew J. Aikens devised an idea improving upon an older British idea of preprinting multiple local editions of newspapers, using common plates for most of the internal content. Aikens' idea was to print one side of a sheet with news and advertising and to provide these sheets at little or no cost to publishers of weekly newspapers, covering costs and generating profit from the advertising sold. Local publishers would be free to print on the other side of the page as they wished — thereby obtaining syndicated content without charge as well as free or very low cost newsprint. These preprinted sheets were commonly known as "patent insides," probably due to the preponderance of patent medicine advertising which they contained. The earliest use of this precise phrase found using the Newspapers.com search engine dates to January 1868.
In 1868, Aikens was rewarded with a partnership in the publishing company which produced The Daily Wisconsin, which was henceforth known as Cramer, Aikens, & Cramer. Shortly thereafter the name of the publication was changed to The Evening Wisconsin, a title which it retained into the 20th Century.
Cramer, Aikens, & Cramer soon generated a lucrative business around its "patent insides," with Aikens creating what he called "Newspaper Unions," making use of preprints that he created at dedicated printing facilities in New York, Chicago, Cincinnati, Atlanta, Nashville, and Memphis. Profits generated from this specialized operation helped to subsidize losses incurred by The Evening Wisconsin during economic lean times, helping to ensure the paper's survival.
Aikens' patent insides and ones produced by rivals rose in popularity in the 19th century. The trade journal Printers' Ink estimated in 1894 that more than 7,000 weekly newspapers in the United States relied on patent insides produced by five companies. The largest of these, George Josyln's Western Newspaper Union, supplied more than 14,000 clients in the mid-1920s, but shipped its last order in 1952.
# Ramså Formation

The Ramså Formation is a geologic formation in Norway. It preserves fossils dating back to the Jurassic period.
# Víctor Aravena

Víctor Aravena Pincheira (born 5 February 1990 in Coronel, Chile) is a Chilean athlete competing mostly in the long-distance running events.

## Personal bests

* 3000 m: 7:59.91 min – Concepción, 12 May 2012
* 5000 m: 13:46.94 min – Toronto, 25 July 2015
* 10,000 m: 28:49.89 min – Concepción, 25 May 2013
* Half marathon: 1:05:01 hrs – Temuco, 27 February 2011
* Marathon: 2:16:20 hrs – Temuco, 20 March 2016

## Competition record

| Year | Competition | Venue | Position | Event | Notes |
| Representing Chile ||||||
| 2005 | South American Cross Country Championships (U18) | Montevideo, Uruguay | 4th | 4 km | 13:18 |
| 2005 | South American Junior Championships | Rosario, Argentina | 3rd | 5000 m | 15:08.21 |
| 2006 | South American Cross Country Championships (U18) | Mar del Plata, Argentina | 1st | 4 km | 12:01 |
| 2006 | South American Youth Championships | Caracas, Venezuela | 2nd | 3000 m | 8:43.81 |
| 2007 | South American Cross Country Championships (U18) | Rio de Janeiro, Brazil | 1st | 4 km | 12:43 |
| 2007 | World Youth Championships | Ostrava, Czech Republic | 10th | 3000 m | 8:31.54 |
| 2008 | World Cross Country Championships | Edinburgh, United Kingdom | 97th | 7.905 km | 26:15 |
| 2008 | World Junior Championships | Bydgoszcz, Poland | – | 10,000m | DNF |
| 2009 | South American Cross Country Championships (U20) | Coronel, Chile | 1st | 8 km | 25:09 |
| 2009 | South American Junior Championships | São Paulo, Brazil | 3rd | 5000 m | 14:45.97 |
| 2009 | Pan American Junior Championships | Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago | 4th | 5000 m | 14:17.89 |
| 2009 | Pan American Junior Championships | Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago | 1st | 10,000 m | 31:01.70 |
| 2010 | South American U23 Championships | Medellín, Colombia | 3rd | 5000 m | 14:45.85 |
| 2010 | Ibero-American Championships | San Fernando, Spain | 8th | 5000 m | 14:18.80 |
| 2011 | South American Cross Country Championships | Asunción, Paraguay | 10th | 12 km | 38:35.7 |
| 2011 | South American Championships | Buenos Aires, Argentina | 2nd | 5000 m | 13:59.81 |
| 2011 | Universiade | Shenzhen, China | 10th | 5000 m | 14:16.50 |
| 2012 | Ibero-American Championships | Barquisimeto, Venezuela | 1st | 3000 m | 8:04.45 |
| 2012 | South American U23 Championships | São Paulo, Brazil | 1st | 5000 m | 14:16.25 |
| 2012 | South American U23 Championships | São Paulo, Brazil | 1st | 10,000 m | 30:31.93 |
| 2013 | South American Championships | Cartagena, Colombia | 2nd | 5000 m | 14:17.97 |
| 2014 | South American Games | Santiago, Chile | 1st | 5000 m | 14:06.02 |
| 2014 | South American Games | Santiago, Chile | 5th | 10,000m | 30:15.57 |
| 2015 | South American Championships | Lima, Peru | 1st | 5000 m | 14:06.14 |
| 2015 | Pan American Games | Toronto, Canada | 3rd | 5000 m | 13:46.94 |
| 2015 | World Championships | Beijing, China | 36th (h) | 5000 m | 14:29.34 |
| 2017 | South American Championships | Asunción, Paraguay | 1st | 5000 m | 13:57.45 |
| 2018 | South American Games | Cochabamba, Bolivia | 6th | 5000 m | 15:26.85 |
# Mudkhed

Mudkhed is a city and a municipal council in Nanded District in the Indian state of Maharashtra. well known for Flower merchants.

## Demographics

| Year | Male | Female | Total Population | Change | Religion (%) | Religion (%) | Religion (%) | Religion (%) | Religion (%) | Religion (%) | Religion (%) | Religion (%) |
| Year | Male | Female | Total Population | Change | Hindu | Muslim | Christian | Sikhs | Buddhist | Jain | Other religions and persuasions | Religion not stated |
| 2001 | 9856 | 8844 | 18700 | - | 54.342 | 32.390 | 0.321 | 0.225 | 12.321 | 0.299 | 0.000 | 0.102 |
| 2011 | 12647 | 10870 | 23517 | +25.8% | 56.002 | 32.032 | 0.298 | 0.174 | 11.001 | 0.106 | 0.000 | 0.387 |

## Transport

Mudkhed Junction as in 2010 is the junction of three railway lines. A Broad gauge line goes to Mumbai, a Broad gauge line to be goes to Nagpur, and another broad gauge line goes to Secunderabad.
Mudked is located 24 km (15 mi) towards east from district headquarters Nanded and 571 km (355 mi) towards east from State capital Mumbai.
CRPF Training College, Mudkhed was established in September 1996 by Shankarrao Chavan.

## Mudkhed Taluka

Mudkhed taluka pin code 431806 consists of 65 Villages and 51 Panchayats. Amrapur (Dudhanwadi) is the smallest Village and Barad is the biggest Village. More than 100,000 people living in 16,586 Houses in Mudkhed taluka of 65 villages while Mudkhed town has around 25,000 population.
Different flowers are grown in Mudkhed, including Rose, Mogra, and Kakda. it also has bananas and sugarcane. it has a municipal council of total 18 members including President Mujeeb Ahmed Ameeruddin Ansari and Chief Officer Ramraje Kapre.
Shri. Dinesh Zample is current Tahsildar.
# Palaeobalistum

Palaeobalistum is an extinct genus of prehistoric ray-finned fish which ranged from the Cretaceous to Eocene periods.

## Etymology

The Latin genus name derives from a Greek word meaning "thick tooth".

## Species

The following species have been described:
* Palaeobalistum dossantosi Maury, 1930
* Palaeobalistum flavellatum Cope, 1886
* Palaeobalistum geiseri Thurmond, 1974
* Palaeobalistum goedeli Heckel, 1856
* Palaeobalistum gutturosum Arambourg, 1954
* Palaeobalistum libanicum Kramberger, 1895
* Palaeobalistum orbiculatum Blainville, 1818
* Palaeobalistum ponsortii Heckel, 1854
* Palaeobalistum rectidens Thurmond, 1974
* Palaeobalistum zignoi Blot, 1987

## Distribution

Fossils of Palaeobalistum have been found in:

### Cretaceous

* Gramame Formation, Brazil
* Greenhorn Limestone, Colorado
* Antlers Formation, Oklahoma
* Glen Rose, Paluxy and Walnut Formations, Texas
* Haqel Limestone, Lebanon

### Eocene

* Monte Bolca, Italy
# Smith–Lever Act of 1914

The Smith–Lever Act of 1914 is a United States federal law that established a system of cooperative extension services, connected to land-grant universities, intended to inform citizens about current developments in agriculture, home economics, public policy/government, leadership, 4-H, economic development, coastal issues (National Sea Grant College Program), and related subjects. The Act helped farmers learn new agricultural techniques by the introduction of home instruction.
The budgeting appropriation for cooperative extension is shared between the states based on an established formula. Once the historic amount that has been allocated for "special needs" programs is set aside and an additional 4% is reserved for USDA administrative costs, the remaining funds are allocated:
* 20% shared by all States in equal proportions;
* 40% shared in the proportion that the rural population of each bears to the total rural population of the several States as determined by the census;
* 40% shared in the proportion that the farm population of each bears to the total farm population of the several States as determined by the census.
Except for the "1994 Land-grant colleges" for Native Americans, each state must match its Federal cooperative extension funds.
In addition, an amount no less than 6% of the total Smith-Lever Act appropriation is allocated for the extension programs of the "1890 Land-grant colleges" (historically black colleges). These funds are also shared between the 1890 colleges by the 20/40/40% formula, with Alabama A&M and Tuskegee University treated as though they were in different states.
In 1964, a US stamp was issued honoring homemakers for the 50th anniversary of the Smith–Lever Act.
# Kamiennik, Opole Voivodeship

Kamiennik (Polish pronunciation:) is a village in Nysa County, Opole Voivodeship, in south-western Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Kamiennik.
It lies approximately 17 kilometres (11 mi) north-west of Nysa and 57 km (35 mi) west of the regional capital Opole.
# Cristóbal del Solar

Cristóbal Ignacio del Solar Leefhelm (born 11 October 1993) is a Chilean professional golfer.

## Amateur career

Del Solar played college golf at Florida State University, where he won one event, and was named to the All-ACC Team following his junior season.

## Professional career

Del Solar began his professional career on PGA Tour Canada in 2017, where he played six events. In 2018, he was the medalist at the PGA Tour Latinoamérica qualifying tournament in Argentina. His first professional win came in the 2018 Center Open, which he won by five strokes. Returning to PGA Tour Latinoamérica in 2019, Del Solar won the Puerto Plata Open for his second career win as a professional.
In February 2024, del Solar shot a round of 57 at the Astara Golf Championship in Colombia on the Korn Ferry Tour. It was the lowest round ever in a PGA Tour sanctioned event. He garnered the nickname "Mr. 57".

## Amateur wins

* 2009 Abierto Juvenil De Chile
* 2010 Abierto Juvenil De Chile
* 2017 Irish Creek Collegiate
Source:

## Professional wins (8)
### Korn Ferry Tour wins (1)

| No. | Date | Tournament | Winning score | Margin of victory | Runners-up |
| 1 | 14 Jul 2024 | The Ascendant | −22 (66-68-66-66=266) | 4 strokes | Brian Campbell, Matthew Riedel |

### PGA Tour Latinoamérica wins (4)

| No. | Date | Tournament | Winning score | Margin of victory | Runner(s)-up |
| 1 | 15 Apr 2018 | Abierto OSDE del Centro | −12 (68-64-66-74=272) | 5 strokes | M. J. Maguire, Marcelo Rozo |
| 2 | 5 May 2019 | Puerto Plata Open | −14 (66-66-69-69=270) | 1 stroke | Scott Wolfes |
| 3 | 5 Jun 2022 | Volvo Golf Championship | −16 (67-70-69-66=272) | 1 stroke | Mitchell Meissner |
| 4 | 11 Dec 2022 (2023 season) | Neuquen Argentina Classic | −16 (69-66-69-68=272) | 3 strokes | Linus Lilliedahl |

### Chilean Tour wins (3)

| No. | Date | Tournament | Winning score | Margin of victory | Runner-up |
| 1 | 16 Jan 2022 | Abierto Internacional de Golf Marbella | −16 (70-68-62=200) | 4 strokes | Gustavo Silva |
| 2 | 30 Jan 2022 | Abierto de Golf Granadilla Country Club | −13 (66-67-70=203) | 7 strokes | Gustavo Silva |
| 3 | 26 Nov 2023 | Abierto Los Leones | −17 (65-67-67=199) | Playoff | Jorge Fernández-Valdés |

## Team appearances

* Eisenhower Trophy (representing Chile): 2012
# Lodge Cottrell

Lodge Cottrell Ltd. is a supplier of environmental air pollution control equipment for the power generation industry and other industrial process applications, with over 4,500 installations worldwide. It has facilities in Birmingham, England and Houston, Texas, United States, and operates through a network of associates, partners, agents and licensees. Lodge Cottrell Ltd and Lodge Cottrell Inc. are part of KC Cottrell Co., Ltd., an air pollution control company with its headquarters in Seoul, South Korea.
The company went into administration in May 2024.

## History

The Lodge Fume Deposit Company Limited was founded in Birmingham, England in 1913 by Sir Oliver Lodge who pioneered the electrostatic precipitation technique for removing dust. In 1922, the Lodge Fume Company changed its name to Lodge-Cottrell Ltd. in honor of Frederick Gardner Cottrell's additional contributions to the development electrostatic precipitation.
# Liechtenstein at the 1968 Winter Olympics

Liechtenstein competed at the 1968 Winter Olympics in Grenoble, France.

## Alpine skiing
### Men

| Athlete | Event | Race 1 | Race 1 | Race 2 | Race 2 | Total | Total |
| Athlete | Event | Time | Rank | Time | Rank | Time | Rank |
| Arnold Beck | Downhill | | | | | DNF | – |
| Hans-Walter Schädler | Downhill | | | | | DNF | – |
| Wolfgang Ender | Downhill | | | | | 2:08.08 | 37 |
| Josef Gassner | Downhill | | | | | 2:06.91 | 33 |
| Hans-Walter Schädler | Giant Slalom | 2:01.38 | 68 | 1:55.58 | 44 | 3:56.96 | 57 |
| Albert Frick | Giant Slalom | 1:57.75 | 60 | 1:58.15 | 57 | 3:55.90 | 56 |
| Josef Gassner | Giant Slalom | 1:51.10 | 37 | 1:51.28 | 28 | 3:42.38 | 31 |
| Wolfgang Ender | Giant Slalom | 1:50.57 | 36 | 1:52.86 | 37 | 3:43.43 | 32 |

### Men's slalom

| Athlete | Heat 1 | Heat 1 | Heat 2 | Heat 2 | Final | Final | Final | Final | Final | Final |
| Athlete | Time | Rank | Time | Rank | Time 1 | Rank | Time 2 | Rank | Total | Rank |
| Hans-Walter Schädler | 56.07 | 3 | 55.21 | 2 | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance |
| Josef Gassner | DNF | – | 57.74 | 2 | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance |
| Wolfgang Ender | 55.55 | 3 | 56.73 | 1 QF | 53.67 | 32 | DSQ | – | DSQ | – |

### Women

| Athlete | Event | Race 1 | Race 1 | Race 2 | Race 2 | Total | Total |
| Athlete | Event | Time | Rank | Time | Rank | Time | Rank |
| Marta Bühler | Downhill | | | | | 1:53.53 | 38 |
| Marta Bühler | Giant Slalom | | | | | 2:06.20 | 33 |
| Marta Bühler | Slalom | 55.24 | 34 | 54.20 | 25 | 1:49.44 | 28 |

## Luge
### Men

| Athlete | Run 1 | Run 1 | Run 2 | Run 2 | Run 3 | Run 3 | Total | Total |
| Athlete | Time | Rank | Time | Rank | Time | Rank | Time | Rank |
| Julius Schädler | DNF | – | – | – | – | – | DNF | – |
| Simon Beck | 1:03.52 | 43 | 1:04.54 | 44 | 1:03.59 | 43 | 3:11.65 | 41 |
| Werner Sele | 1:00.92 | 35 | 1:01.27 | 35 | 1:01.69 | 39 | 3:03.88 | 36 |