OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Nat Kipner

Nathan Kipner (October 2, 1924 – December 1, 2009) was an American songwriter and record producer with a considerable career in Australia. He is remembered as the producer of the Bee Gees' first hit "Spicks and Specks". He was the father of Steve Kipner who is also a songwriter and music producer.

## History

Kipner was born in Dayton, Ohio, on 2 October 1924.
He joined the US Army Air Corps shortly before the US entered World War II in 1941, having lied about his age, and served with Supply, 4ADG (4th Air Depot Group) which became 81st Air Depot Group. He arrived in Brisbane, Australia, aboard the SS President Coolidge on 26 December 1941, later serving in Finschhafen, Papua New Guinea.
Kipner married Alma Dorothy Moore, of Albion, Queensland, at Holy Trinity, Brisbane on 4 November 1944. They lived in America until the early 1950s, when they returned to Brisbane with their young son, Steve. There, Nat found work with the newly established home appliance department of Queensland Home Furnishers, in Queen Street, Petrie Bight.
After hosting a live to air pop music programme on Brisbane TV, he joined entrepreneur Ivan Dayman's "Sunshine" artist and venue management company, and moved to Sydney, where he produced hit records "Shakin' All Over" and "Que Sera, Sera" for Normie Rowe and "Velvet Waters" for Tony Worsley, on Sunshine Records.
In 1965, he became A&R manager for Clyde Packer, helping him found the record label "Spin". Kipner signed up the Bee Gees, whose career with the Festival label had gone nowhere, and co-produced their first hit, "Spicks and Specks". Kipner moved to the UK in the late 1960s and worked as a writer and record producer. He returned to the USA after Johnny Mathis and Deniece Williams had a global hit with the song he co-wrote, "Too Much Too Little Too Late".
Kipner died on 1 December 2009, at West Hills, California, aged 85, survived by his wife Alma and son Steve.

## Songwriting credits

Kipner wrote or co-wrote (principally the lyrics to) a great number of popular songs, among them:
* "Cheryl Moana Marie" (w/ John Rowles); recorded by John Rowles
* "Got a Zac in the Back of Me Pocket"; Johnny Devlin
* "How Can I Make It on My Own"; Co-Co
* "I Found a New Love"; Lonnie Lee
* "Keep Singing Those Love Songs"; Co-Co
* "Too Much, Too Little, Too Late"; Johnny Mathis and Deniece Williams
# Nicolás García (diver)

Nicolás García Boissier (born 25 June 1995) is a Spanish diver. He competed in the 2020 Summer Olympics.
# Venus, West Virginia

Venus is an unincorporated community in McDowell County, West Virginia, United States.
# Micromelerpeton

Micromelerpeton is an extinct genus of dissorophoidean temnospondyl within the family Micromelerpetontidae.
# Azmi

Azmi may refer to:

## Given name
### Arab people

* Azmi Bishara (born 1956), Arab politician
* Azmi Mikati (born 1972), Lebanese businessman
* Azmi Nassar (1957–2007), Israeli football manager
* Jabir Al-Azmi, Kuwaiti MP
* Khalil Azmi (born 1964), retired Moroccan footballer
* Marzouq Al-Hubaini Al-Azmi, Kuwaiti MP
* Mikhled Al-Azmi, Kuwaiti politician
* Najib Azmi Mikati (born 1955), Lebanese former PM
* Saad Madhi Saad Howash Al Azmi (born 1979), Kuwaiti citizen
* Zakaria Azmi (born 1938), Egyptian politician

### Malay people

* Amirul Adli Azmi (born 1996), Singaporean football player
* Azi Shahril Azmi (born 1985), Malaysian football player
* Azmi Khalid (born 1940), Malaysian politician
* Azmi Mahmud (born 1967), retired Malaysian goalkeeper
* Azmi Mohamed (born 1966), Malaysian football manager
* Azmizi Azmi (born 1986), Malaysian football defender
* Azrul Azmi (born 1988), Malaysian football defender
* Hafiq Azmi (born 1996), Malaysian racer
* Mohd Afiq Azmi (born 1989), Malaysian footballer
* Mohamed Azmi Mohamed, President of Malaysian Court
* Mohd Azmi Muslim (born 1986), Malaysian football midfielder
* Zaki Azmi (born 1945), Malaysian former chief of justice
* Zubir Azmi (born 1991), Malaysian footballer

### Other people

* Aishah Azmi, British citizen, claimant in Azmi v Kirklees Metropolitan BC
* Azmi Turgut (born 1988), Turkish basketball player
* Cemal Azmi (1868–1922), former Trabzon governor

## Surname

The surname is often adopted by people from the city of Azamgarh, Uttar Pradesh, India.
* Abdul Haq Azmi (1928–2016), Indian Islamic scholar, cousin-uncle of Rana Ayyub
* Abdul Lateef Azmi (1917–2002), Indian Urdu writer
* Abu Asim Azmi (born 1955), Indian politician
* Ahmad Ali Barqi Azmi (born 1954), Indian radio announcer
* Ayesha Takia Azmi (born 1986), Indian actress
* Azizullah Azmi (1929–2010), Indian politician, MP of Lok Sabha
* Baba Azmi, Indian cinematographer
* Mohammed Badi Uzzaman Azmi (1939–2011), Pakistani actor
* Habib al-Rahman al-'Azmi (1901–1992), Indian Islamic scholar of hadith and fiqh
* Nematullah Azami President Islamic Fiqh Academy, India
* Iliyas Azmi (born 1934), Indian politician
* Kaifi Azmi (1919–2002), Indian Urdu poet
* Khaleel-Ur-Rehman Azmi (1927–1978), Indian Urdu poet
* Mushtaq Ahmed Azmi (1919–2011), UNESCO official from India
* Muhammad Mustafa Azmi (1930–2017), Indian Islamic scholar of hadith
* Obaidullah Khan Azmi (born 1949), Indian politician, member of Rajya Sabha from Madhya Pradesh
* Qamaruzzaman Azmi (born 1946), Indian Islamic scholar
* Saeed-ur-Rahman Azmi Nadvi (born 1934), Indian Islamic scholar
* Seema Azmi, Indian actress
* Shabana Azmi (born 1950), Indian film actress
* Shahid Azmi (1977–2010), Indian solicitor
* Shaikh Shamim Ahmed Azmi (1938–2019), Indian politician from Maharashtra
* Shakeel Azmi (born 1971), Indian poet
* Tanvi Azmi, Indian film and television actress
* Waqar Azmi, UK Prime Minister's Chief Diversity Adviser
# Mood Swings (A Boogie wit da Hoodie song)

"Mood Swings" is a song by American rapper A Boogie wit da Hoodie, released on September 13, 2019 by Highbridge and Atlantic Records. It is the lead single from his third studio album Artist 2.0 (2020), and was produced by Wheezy.

## Composition

The song focuses on A Boogie's "journey as an artist and the rollercoaster of emotions that comes with fame." Boogie sings and raps about his mood swings while dealing with fame and his sexual conquest. The chorus is built around him not using the last syllable of a word, replaced with a humming sound instead. The instrumental was produced by Wheezy, and features an "over-the-top base-filled trap beat with smooth guitar play".

## Music video

The music video was released on September 17, 2019, and was directed by A Boogie wit da Hoodie and Elf Rivera. It begins with A Boogie relaxing and walking through a thunderstorm in the night. He shows his eyes under his hooded raincoat to be lit neon blue. Boogie enters a place where he is joined by several people wearing hoodies obscuring their faces. He then recreates the cover of his mixtape Artist, where he is playing piano with a woman controlling his movements using strings, which are then cut by his camouflage-dressed alter ego. He later deals with paparazzi and goes to a strip club, before the video ends with him rapping and dancing while surrounded by female friends on quads.

## Charts

| Chart (2019) | Peak position |
| Canada (Canadian Hot 100) | 61 |
| New Zealand Hot Singles (RMNZ) | 30 |
| US Billboard Hot 100 | 76 |
| US Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs (Billboard) | 32 |
| US Rhythmic (Billboard) | 36 |

## Certifications

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| Canada (Music Canada) | Platinum | 80,000$^‡$ |
| United States (RIAA) | Platinum | 1,000,000$^‡$ |
| $^‡$ Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone. |||
# Singu

Singu is a town in the Mandalay Region of central Myanmar. It is the capital of Singu Township. In July 2024, the town fell to the Mandalay People's Defense Force.

## Geography

Singu is located by the Irrawaddy about 55 km to the south of Letha Taung, also known as the Singu Plateau.
# Ignacio Tapia (footballer, born 1999)

Ignacio Tapia Bustamante (born 22 February 1999) is a Chilean footballer who plays as a defender for Chilean Primera División side Universidad de Chile.

## International career

At under-20 level, Tapia represented Chile in the 2018 South American Games, winning the gold medal,
Tapia was called up to the Chile senior squad for the first time in June 2017, and was an unused substitute in a 3–0 win over Burkina Faso.

## Career statistics
### Club

    As of 5 April 2019.
| Club | Season | League | League | League | Cup | Cup | Continental | Continental | Other | Other | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Huachipato | 2016–17 | Chilean Primera División | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | – | – | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 |
| Huachipato | 2017 | Chilean Primera División | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | – | – | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 |
| Huachipato | 2018 | Chilean Primera División | 4 | 0 | 1 | 0 | – | – | 0 | 0 | 5 | 0 |
| Huachipato | 2019 | Chilean Primera División | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | – | – | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 6 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 10 | 0 |

#### Notes

* 1 2 Appearances in the Copa Chile

## Honours

Chile U20
* South American Games Gold medal: 2018
# Łącko dialect

The Łącko dialect belongs to the Lesser Poland dialect group and is located in the southern part of Poland. It is in part one of the dialects that belongs to the Goral ethnolect.

## Phonology

Typical of Lesser Polish dialects (as well as Greater Polish dialects), voicing of word-final consonants before vowels and liquids is present here. Also typical of Lesser Polish dialects is the presence of mazuration. Initial accent is present here.

### Vowels

The group eł shifts to oł, and ił/ył shifts to uł both tautosyllabically and heterosyllabically.

#### Slanted vowels

Slanted á is retained as á or raises to o. Slanted é raises to y after both hard and soft consonants. Slanted ó is retained as ó.

#### Nasal vowels

The nasal vowels in the Łącko dialect approached one another in realization, but never fully merged. ę both medially and finally shifts to -o, and ą to ó, except instrumental feminine singular of nouns, where it is -om. The groups eN and aN both shift to oN.

#### Prothesis

Initial o- usually labializes to ô-. Initial a- may gain a prothetic h- or j- in some words.

### Consonants

Final -ch shifts to -k in the inflections of nouns and adjectives and pronouns. ń at the end of a syllable shifts to j.

## Inflection

Typical Goral inflectional tendencies are present here.

### Nouns

The archaic -e of feminine genitive singular of soft stems is preserved.

### Verbs

The first person plural present tense of verbs is formed with -ma instead of -my.

### Prepositions and prefixes

The prefix roz- is usually realized as ôz-.

## Vocabulary
### Word-Formation

Typical word-formation tendencies of southern Poland can be found here.

#### Verbs

Iteratives are often formed with -uwać instead of -ywać/-iwać.

## Syntax

Masculine personal nouns and masculine animal nouns are often levelled.
# Mictaw Formation

The Mictaw Formation is a geologic formation in Quebec. It preserves fossils dating back to the Ordovician period.
# Vectisuchus

Vectisuchus is a genus of goniopholidid mesoeucrocodylian, known from the Early Cretaceous-age Wealden Group of the Isle of Wight, England. It was a small, piscivorous crocodylomorph with a narrow, elongate snout, and relatively long forearms. The type specimen, SMNS 50984, was found in 1977. When discovered, it was complete and right-side-up, but the posterior portion was lost during excavation. Vectisuchus was described in 1980. The type species is V. leptognathus.
# Clouds (NF song)

"Clouds" (stylized in all caps) is a song by American rapper NF, released on February 18, 2021 along with a music video. It is the second single from his mixtape of the same name, and was written and produced by NF and Tommee Profitt. The song has peaked at number 53 on the Billboard Hot 100.

## Background

NF teased the song on social media on February 17, 2021. He released it the next day and announced that it will be the title track of his then-upcoming mixtape.

## Composition

The song finds NF pondering how he will release music in the future, over a violin instrumental, rapping: "Mixtapes aren't my thing but it's been awfully exhausting / Hanging onto songs this long is daunting".

## Charts

| Chart (2021) | Peak position |
| Canada (Canadian Hot 100) | 52 |
| Global 200 (Billboard) | 64 |
| Ireland (IRMA) | 58 |
| New Zealand Hot Singles (RMNZ) | 6 |
| UK Singles (OCC) | 56 |
| US Billboard Hot 100 | 53 |
| US Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs (Billboard) | 22 |

## Certifications

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| Canada (Music Canada) | Platinum | 80,000$^‡$ |
| United States (RIAA) | Platinum | 1,000,000$^‡$ |
| $^‡$ Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone. |||
# Geronimo Park

Geronimo Park was a shortlived baseball park in Apache Junction, Arizona, that was in use from 1962 until 1963. It lay vacant from 1963 until it was dismantled in 1969 after being sold to Mesa Public Schools. Its location is currently occupied by a lodge of the Loyal Order of Moose. With a view of Superstition Mountains, it was the first spring training ball park of the Houston Colt .45s.

## History
### Planning and construction

Geronimo Park was constructed on a 12-acre plot of desert land near what is now the Superstition Freeway in Apache Junction. Despite there being little in unincorporated Apache Junction, the Superstition Ho Hotel was opened in September 1960 in an effort to capitalize on the nearby Apacheland Studio movie ranch. Developer William W. Creighton, with financial backing from owners of the hotel, made promotional guarantees to team ownership which eventually resulted in an agreement for the Houston team to make Apache Junction their home for spring training. Following a "Name the Park" contest, the name was nominated by Victoria Vala of Riverside, Illinois, and was selected as the official name on January 19, 1962, after the ballpark's opening.

### Opening and use

The first game at Geronimo Park featured one of Houston's two Arizona Instructional League team, the Colt .22s which featured players with no previous professional experience, and the San Francisco Giants on December 5, 1961. Houston lost by a score of 5–3. The Giants also beat Houston in the stadium's official Cactus League game on March 12, 1962, by a score of 6–1, in front of 2,488 fans.
Upon first arriving at the ball park, players complained of being unable to properly track baseballs, as the flat desert environment lacked landmarks to see the dimensions of the horizon. It was reported that pitcher Turk Farrell hiked regularly from the Superstition Ho Hotel to Geronimo Park, and carried a .22 caliber pistol as he trekked across a vacant field of cactus and sagebrush, shooting snakes and beer cans as he made his way.
The park's remote location caused low attendance. The first game at the ballpark was remembered as a "near sellout," but most games drew fewer than 1,000 people by 1963. At the time, Apache Junction was a long drive down a two-lane road from the populated parts of Phoenix, and only had a bar, a bank, and a restaurant in addition to the hotel and ballpark, giving Houston fans little incentive to come follow their team during spring training. By 1963, general manager Paul Richards had started looking for Florida sites. The Colt .45s moved to Cocoa Beach, Florida, and rebranded that offseason to the Houston Astros.
After the Colt .45s left in 1963, the stadium's bleachers were removed and sold to local high schools, and the Moose Lodge bought the clubhouse.
# Julián Ayala

Julián Ayala (born 6 March 1992) is a Mexican fencer. He competed in the men's sabre event at the 2016 Summer Olympics.
# Backward stochastic differential equation

A backward stochastic differential equation (BSDE) is a stochastic differential equation with a terminal condition in which the solution is required to be adapted with respect to an underlying filtration. BSDEs naturally arise in various applications such as stochastic control, mathematical finance, and nonlinear Feynman-Kac formula.

## Background

Backward stochastic differential equations were introduced by Jean-Michel Bismut in 1973 in the linear case and by Étienne Pardoux and Shige Peng in 1990 in the nonlinear case.

## Mathematical framework

Fix a terminal time $T>0$ and a probability space $(\Omega ,{\mathcal {F}},\mathbb {P} )$. Let $(B_{t})_{t\in [0,T]}$ be a Brownian motion with natural filtration $({\mathcal {F}}_{t})_{t\in [0,T]}$. A backward stochastic differential equation is an integral equation of the type
| $Y_{t}=\xi +\int _{t}^{T}f(s,Y_{s},Z_{s})\mathrm {d} s-\int _{t}^{T}Z_{s}\mathrm {d} B_{s},\quad t\in [0,T],$ | (1) |
where $f:[0,T]\times \mathbb {R} \times \mathbb {R} \to \mathbb {R}$ is called the generator of the BSDE, the terminal condition $\xi$ is an ${\mathcal {F}}_{T}$-measurable random variable, and the solution $(Y_{t},Z_{t})_{t\in [0,T]}$ consists of stochastic processes $(Y_{t})_{t\in [0,T]}$ and $(Z_{t})_{t\in [0,T]}$ which are adapted to the filtration $({\mathcal {F}}_{t})_{t\in [0,T]}$.

### Example

In the case $f\equiv 0$, the BSDE (1) reduces to
| $Y_{t}=\xi -\int _{t}^{T}Z_{s}\mathrm {d} B_{s},\quad t\in [0,T].$ | (2) |
If $\xi \in L^{2}(\Omega ,\mathbb {P} )$, then it follows from the martingale representation theorem, that there exists a unique stochastic process $(Z_{t})_{t\in [0,T]}$ such that $Y_{t}=\mathbb {E} [\xi |{\mathcal {F}}_{t}]$ and $Z_{t}$ satisfy the BSDE (2).

## Numerical Method

Deep backward stochastic differential equation method is a numerical method that combines deep learning with Backward stochastic differential equation (BSDE). This method is particularly useful for solving high-dimensional problems in financial mathematics problems. By leveraging the powerful function approximation capabilities of deep neural networks, deep BSDE addresses the computational challenges faced by traditional numerical methods in high-dimensional settings. Specifically, traditional methods like finite difference methods or Monte Carlo simulations often struggle with the curse of dimensionality, where computational cost increases exponentially with the number of dimensions. Deep BSDE methods, however, employ deep neural networks to approximate solutions of high-dimensional partial differential equations (PDEs), effectively reducing the computational burden.
# Halifax Greyhound Stadium

Halifax Greyhound Stadium was a greyhound racing stadium and cricket ground on the same grounds as Thrum Hall in Halifax, West Yorkshire.

## Origins and opening

The Thrum Hall cricket ground had a speedway dirt track constructed around the cricket pitch and hosted the Halifax Speedway team until 1930. A greyhound track replaced the speedway the following year with the greyhound track taking a most unusual shape in the form of a D shape to allow the cricket ground to remain in place inside the circuit.
The first race meeting on Spring Hall Lane was held on 7 November 1931 and the first runner past the winning line was a 4-1 shot called Unconscious. The first distances included 300, 480 and 500 yards (mainly handicaps) and the Manager Director was H.Wood.

## History

It was not until after the war that the stadium was known as the Halifax Greyhound Stadium and improvements resulted in the venue being able to accommodate between 3,000 and 5,000 spectators during Monday and Thursday racing.
The track remained independent (unaffiliated to a governing body) for 44 years before the move was made to become affiliated with the National Greyhound Racing Club (NGRC) in 1975. Facilities by now also included a licensed bar and snack bar, racing was held on Monday and Friday evenings at 7.30pm and trial sessions took place on Sunday mornings. The track was all-grass and race distances of 352 and 490 yards (mainly handicaps) were the featured events.
The change to NGRC racing was under the new permit scheme which enabled smaller tracks to race under rules at reduced costs. No less than six new tracks joined the NGRC permit scheme in 1975 and Halifax owners Jack Wardman and Jon Carter (an Owlerton Stadium director) ensured Halifax became one of them. Wardman introduced a festival of racing in 1975 which attracted some of the North's best dogs.
Just one year later Jon Carter bought a 50% stake in the track with the other 50% being bought by a syndicate of ten that included Barbara Fearn wife of NGRC steward Alan Fearn. In 1978 another change of ownership took place, David Collins a local businessman was the latest buyer and installed photo finish and ray timing for the first time as well as building a new clubhouse for the patrons.

## Closure

Despite all of the work from Collins the greyhound racing ceased to run under NGRC rules in 1979. Halifax RLFC sold the site for £1.5 million to Asda in 1998 which now stands in place of the entire sports grounds today.
# Miette Group

The Miette Group is an assemblage of metamorphosed sedimentary rocks of latest Precambrian (Neoproterozoic) age. It is present in the Canadian Cordillera from the Lake Louise area of Alberta to the Yukon. The Miette rocks include Ediacaran fossils, stromatolites, and trace fossils.
# Vermiceras

Vermiceras is an ammonite that belongs to the order Ammonitida. Its shell is evolute and is covered in nonbranching ribs. Its whorls do not increase in size very fast, but there are many revolutions on its shell, which is fairly narrow. It has a sharp ventral keel and a diameter of about 5.2 centimeters (2 inches). It lived in the Early Jurassic.

## Subgenera and species

* V. (=Metophioceras) galaczi
* V. (=Metophioceras) rotarium
* V. (=Metophioceras) rotticus
* V. (=Metophioceras) trigonatum
* V. (=Protocymbites) azzouzi
* V. densicostatum
* V. (Gyrophioceras)
** V. (G.) mineralense
** V. (G.) morganense
** V. (G.) praespiratissimum
** V. (G.) supraspiratum
* V. (Paracaloceras)
** V. (P.) concavum
** V. (P.) coregonense
** V. (P.) multicostatum
** V. (P.) rursicostatum
** V. (P.) varaense
# Toyota G Sports

The Toyota G Sports or G's is a range of enhancements that was offered for some cars manufactured by Toyota. The enhancements included body kits, interiors, wheels, suspension, and drive-line components. In 2016, the G's lineup was changed to GR Sport lineup.
The launch at the January 2010 Tokyo Auto Salon had the following vehicles on display:
* FT-86 G Sports Concept
* Noah G Sports Concept
* Voxy G Sports Concept
* Mark X G Sports Concept
* Prius G Sports Concept
The production models included:
* Vitz RS G's
* Mark X G's
* Prius G's
* Aqua G's
* Harrier G's
* Prius α G's
* Noah G's/Voxy G's
* Alphard G's/Vellfire G's
# Multi Millionaire (song)

"Multi Millionaire" is a song by American rapper Lil Pump featuring fellow American rapper Lil Uzi Vert. It is the fourth single from Lil Pump's second studio album Harverd Dropout (2019). It was released as the album's fourth single on October 5, 2018. The release date of the song marks the day before the first anniversary of Pump's self-titled debut studio album. It was produced by Danny Wolf, Hanzo, and Dilip.

## Background

The song samples Gucci Mane's "Multi Millionaire LaFlare" (2016). The single represents the second time Lil Pump has collaborated with Lil Uzi Vert, the first being on a Desto Dubb posse cut titled "Bankteller" that also features 03 Greedo and Smokepurpp. HotNewHipHop described the song as a "frantic synth instrumental, reflecting on the vast extent of their material wealth."

## Composition

The song features "heavy drums" with an "electro-laser" melody and Pump's signature one-word repeat. Uzi Vert appears during their verse after the second hook. Consequence of Sound described the song as featuring "the two MCs boasting about lovers located all over the globe, pricey loads of drugs, and even more expensive rides."

## Charts

| Chart (2018) | Peak position |
| Canada (Canadian Hot 100) | 99 |
| Greece International Digital Singles (IFPI) | 71 |
| New Zealand Hot Singles (RMNZ) | 28 |