OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Duke Law Journal

The Duke Law Journal is a student-run law review and the premier legal periodical of Duke University School of Law. The journal publishes general-interest articles and student notes in eight issues each year.

## History and Overview

The journal was established in March 1951 as the Duke Bar Journal and obtained its current title in 1957. In 1969, the journal published its inaugural Administrative Law Symposium issue, a tradition that continues today.
Volume 1 of the Duke Bar Journal had two issues and 259 pages. In 1959, the journal grew to four issues and 649 pages, growing again in 1970 to six issues and 1263 pages. More recently, Volume 60 had just over 1900 pages in eight issues.
The Duke Law Journal is consistently ranked among the most cited law reviews according to the Washington and Lee University School of Law's rankings.

## Staff and selection of membership

The journal selects approximately 40 second-year law students for membership. This selection occurs through Duke Law's casenote competition. At the end of the first year, students interested in joining the journal submit a 14-page paper analyzing an assigned case, which current journal members grade. Of the group that submitted notes, the Duke Law Journal then selects one third of its members from those who have the highest first-year grade point average, one third whose GPA and note score were highest in combination, and the final third based on the remaining highest note scores.
Students who wish to join the Duke Law Journal after the casenote competition (i.e., in their third year) may do so by writing a note of publishable quality and submitting it through the "note-on" process. The journal has occasionally accepted one or two students per year in this manner.

## Administrative Law Symposium

The Duke Law Journal has hosted a yearly symposium on administrative law for more than 50 years, which is widely considered the premier administrative law event in the United States.

## Past Editors-in-chief

The following persons have been editors-in-chief:
* 2021-2022 Jennalee Beazley
* 2020-2021 Christian I. Bale
* 2019-2020 Farrah Bara
* 2018-2019 Samuel R. Howe
* 2017-2018 Patrick C. Bradley
* 2016-2017 Ace Factor
* 2015-2016 Jyoti Jindal
* 2014-2015 Bill O'Connell
* 2013-2014 |Christopher Bryant
# Scribbled rabbitfish

Scribbled rabbitfish is a common name for different rabbitfish species, including:
* Siganus spinus
* Siganus doliatus
# Żurawin, Masovian Voivodeship

Żurawin is a village in east-central Poland, in the administrative district of Gmina Mochowo, within Sierpc County, Masovian Voivodeship. It lies approximately 3 kilometres (2 mi) north-west of Mochowo, 15 km (9 mi) south-west of Sierpc, and 118 km (73 mi) north-west of Warsaw.
# John B. Burch

John Bayard Burch (August 12, 1929 – June 3, 2021) was an American zoologist, a biology professor at the University of Michigan, and the Curator of Mollusks at the University of Michigan Museum of Zoology. His research interests are broad, and have encompassed not only the anatomy, systematics, and genetics of mollusks, but also various aspects of zoogeography and parasitology. He has engaged in extensive fieldwork around the world, usually collecting mollusks, especially freshwater and terrestrial species. Some samples taken in Tahiti in 1970 have proven to be of importance in efforts to conserve vanishing kinds of the land snail Partula.
He is a son of biologist Paul Randolph Burch (1898–1958; U.S.A.).
Among other awards, Burch received the Freshwater Mollusk Conservation Society's "Lifetime Achievement Award", and the "John B. Burch Student Scholarship" of the Malacological Society of the Philippines was named in his honor.
Burch was Associate Editor of the malacological journal Malacologia.

## Taxa named in his honor

* Meghimatium burchi Tsai & Wu, 2008
# Monroe Canyon Formation

The Monroe Canyon Formation is a geologic formation in Idaho. It preserves fossils dating back to the Carboniferous period.
# Elta (river)

The Elta is a river of Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It flows into the Danube in Tuttlingen.
# Żytnia

Żytnia is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Siedlce, within Siedlce County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately 6 kilometres (4 mi) north-west of Siedlce and 84 km (52 mi) east of Warsaw.
# Ethan Mitchell

Ethan Mitchell (born 19 February 1991) is a former New Zealand track cyclist. He is a multiple-time World Champion, an Olympic medallist, and Commonwealth Champion.

## Career

Mitchell has had a successful career in track sprinting after specialising in the 'standing lap' role of first position in the team sprint. A former junior World Champion, Mitchell burst on to the senior scene as a starter at the 2010 Commonwealth Games, winning a silver medal.
At the 2012 Summer Olympics, he competed in the men's team sprint for the national team. That year, he also won a bronze in the men's team sprint at the World Championships, with Sam Webster and Eddie Dawkins. In 2013, the same team won silver at the World Championships.
In 2014, Mitchell, Webster and Dawkins finally won World Championship gold in the men's team sprint. At the 2014 Commonwealth Games in Glasgow, Mitchell won a gold medal in the Men's team sprint and set a Games record with his teammates.
At the 2016 Rio Olympics, he won a silver medal alongside Sam Webster and Eddie Dawkins in the team sprint. That year, the team also regained their World title having been relegated from the competition in 2015. Mitchell won a bronze medal at the 2017 UCI Track Cycling World Championships in Hong Kong in the sprint event; the first New Zealander to win a world championship medal in an individual event. He, Dawkins and Webster also retained the men's team sprint title.
At the 2018 Commonwealth Games, Mitchell won Gold in the team sprint event alongside Sam Webster and Eddie Dawkins.
Mitchell now works at Real Estate Agency Bayleys

## Major results
### 2017

    1st Team Sprint, UCI World Track Championships
    2nd Sprinters Omnium, Six Day London
# Fanny Josephs

Frances Adeline Josephs (1842–1890) was an English actress, singer and theatre manager. In 1877, she starred in one of the most successful plays of the day, The Pink Dominos, at the Criterion Theatre alongside Charles Wyndham.

## Life

Her father held a position at a theatre in Dublin, and under his tutorage she appeared on stage from an early age. Her London debut was in September 1860 at Sadler's Wells Theatre, as Celia in As You Like It. In 1861 she joined the company of the Strand Theatre, and became popular, particularly in burlesque.
In October 1866 on the opening night of the Holborn Theatre, under Sefton Parry's management, she was in the original production of The Flying Scud by Dion Boucicault. In 1868 she became manager of the theatre, and on the opening night presented The Post Boy by H. T. Craven and The White Fawn by F. C. Burnand. In October 1871 at the Globe Theatre. she was in the original production of H. J. Byron's Partners for Life.
In 1873 she joined the company of the Prince of Wales's Theatre; she appeared as Bella in a revival of T. W. Robertson's School, and in a revival of Sheridan's The School for Scandal as Lady Sneerwell. A reviewer wrote:
   Special mention should be decidedly reserved for the Lady Sneerwell of Miss Fanny Josephs — a small character, it is true, though what character is small in the hands of an artist? Following the example so frequently and unselfishly set by Mrs Bancroft for so many years. Miss Josephs took the small and, as it is called, ungrateful character, and made her mark. The dancing of Miss Fanny Josephs in the introduced minuet would have astonished the most critical grandmother. One can well believe in the old-fashioned horror of valses and polkas when we see such charming grace and true elegance as this. — The Daily Telegraph, 6 April 1874.
In March 1877 Josephs was in the original production of The Pink Dominos by James Albery at the Criterion Theatre, in the role of Lady Marie Wagstaff, and continued in the role during the run of the play, which ran for 555 performances. In the summer of 1879 she became lessee and manager of the Olympic Theatre; the opening play, The Worship of Bacchus by Paul Meritt and Henry Pettitt, was not successful.
# Phrynosomimus

Phrynosomimus is an extinct genus of iguanian lizard from the Late Cretaceous of Mongolia belonging to the extinct family Priscagamidae. The type species Phrynosomimus asper was named in 1996. Fossils have been found in the Barun Goyot and Djadochta formations and include several complete skulls. Phrynosomimus has a short, triangular skull with bony spikes projecting from the back, stemming from the squamosal and parietal bones. These spikes give it a similar appearance to the modern horned lizard Phrynosoma and inspire its name, which means "Phrynosoma mimic." Like other priscagamids it has an acrodont dentition, meaning that its teeth grow from the margins of the jaws rather than their inner surfaces, as is the case for the pleurodont dentitions of most lizards.
# Montana Formation

The Montana Formation is a geologic formation in Montana. It preserves fossils dating back to the Cretaceous period.
# Ajab Gul (politician)

Ajab Gul is a Pakistani politician from Lower South Waziristan District. He is currently serving as a member of the Provincial Assembly of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa since Feb 2024.

## Career

He contested the 2024 general elections as a Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf/Independent candidate from PK-110 Lower South Waziristan. He secured 12,525 votes.
# Chaker, Iran

Chaker or Chakar (Persian: چاكر) in Iran may refer to:
* Chaker Bazar
* Chaker Zehi
* Qush-e Chaker
# Żyłowo

Żyłowo is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Stary Lubotyń, within Ostrów Mazowiecka County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.
# Eddie Dawkins

Edward James Dawkins (born 11 July 1989) is a New Zealand track cyclist. At the 2010 Commonwealth Games he won the silver medal in the men's sprint and the bronze medal in the men's 1 kilometre time trial. At the 2014 Commonwealth Games, he won the bronze medal in the men's sprint, and was part of the New Zealand time that won the gold medal in the team sprint, with Ethan Mitchell and Sam Webster. The team sprint team set two Commonwealth Games records along the way. At the 2016 Rio Olympics, he won alongside Sam Webster and Ethan Mitchell a silver medal in the team sprint, but did not go beyond the round 1 repechage in the individual sprint.
At the 2018 Commonwealth Games, Dawkins won gold in the team sprint event alongside Ethan Mitchell and Sam Webster.
He had previously competed at the 2012 Summer Olympics.
Dawkins retired from professional cycling in 2020, and took up the sport of powerlifting. In 2022, he was selected to represent New Zealand at the Commonwealth Powerlifting Championships in Auckland.

## Major results
### 2017

    1st Team Sprint, UCI World Track Championships
    1st Sprinters Omnium, Six Day London
# Chavanod

Chavanod (French pronunciation:; Arpitan: Chavanôd) is a commune in the Haute-Savoie department and Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region of eastern France. It is part of the urban area of Annecy.

## Geography

The river Fier forms parts of the commune's northern border.
# Michael Franks with Crossfire Live

Michael Franks with Crossfire Live is a live jazz vocal album by Michael Franks featuring the Australian band Crossfire. It was recorded over a series of three concerts in Australia and New Zealand in September 1980; at the Capitol Theater in Sydney on the 25th, St James Tavern in Sydney on the 27th and The Town Hall in Auckland on the 29th.
The album was officially released in Australia and New Zealand in 1980 with Warner Music Australia, now Warner Music Australasia. It was re-released on CD in 2003 but is now out of production as a single album.
In 2012, a replica version of the album was included in the box set The Dream 1973-2011.

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Michael Franks. "Don't Be Blue" co-written by John Guerin. "Chain Reaction" co-written by Joe Sample.

## Charts

| Chart (1981) | Peak position |
| Australian (Kent Music Report) | 92 |

## Personnel
### Performers with Crossfire

* Michael Franks – vocals
* Ian Bloxsom – percussion, mallets
* Jim Kelly – guitar
* Michael J. Kenny – acoustic piano, electric piano
* Phil Scorgie – bass
* Steve Hopes – drums
* Tony Buchanan – saxophone, flute

### Support

* Recording and mixing – Martin Benge
# 1967 in North Korea

Events from the year 1967 in North Korea.

## Incumbents

* Premier: Kim Il Sung
* Supreme Leader: Kim Il Sung

## Events

* Kapsan faction incident
* 1967 North Korean parliamentary election

## Births

* 14 September - Ri Myung-hun
# Westley Gough

Westley Gough (born 4 May 1988, Hastings) is a New Zealand professional racing cyclist. In 2011 he won the New Zealand National Road Championships ITT.
Gough was in the New Zealand team that beat Great Britain for gold in the team pursuit at the 2005 World Junior Championships in Austria. He gained a silver medal in the individual pursuit at the 2006 World Junior Championships, and he was part of the quartet that won the silver in the team pursuit behind Australia.
He won a bronze medal in the men's team pursuit event at the 2008 Summer Olympics in China. Gough rode in the team's preliminary events, but made way for Hayden Roulston to join the team in the final. The International Olympic Committee subsequently struck an extra bronze medal for Gough to recognise his contribution to the pursuit team's success. In 2010 Westley Gough won the men's omnium at the New Zealand National Track Championships.
Gough represented New Zealand at the 2010 Commonwealth Games held in Delhi in India.
At the 2012 Summer Olympics, he again won a bronze medal in the men's team pursuit.
He rode for Team Budget Forklifts for the 2014 and 2015 seasons.

## Major results
### 2008

    3rd Prologue Tour of Southland

### 2009

    2nd Chrono Champenois

### 2010

    2nd National Championships ITT

### 2011

    1st National Championships ITT
    1st Stage 5 Tour of Wellington
    3rd Prologue Tour of Elk Grove

### 2012

    1st Prologue Tour des Pays de Savoie

### 2013

    3rd National Championships ITT
# Flatirons

The Flatirons are rock formations in the western United States, near Boulder, Colorado, consisting of flatirons. There are five large, numbered Flatirons ranging from north to south (First through Fifth, respectively) along the east slope of Green Mountain (elev. 8,148 ft or 2,484 m), and the term "The Flatirons" sometimes refers to these five alone. Numerous additional named Flatirons are on the southern part of Green Mountain, Bear Peak, and among the surrounding foothills.

## Etymology

The Flatirons were known as the "Chautauqua Slabs" c. 1900 and "The Crags" c. 1906. There are two hypotheses regarding the origin of the current name, one based on resemblance to old-fashioned clothes irons, the other based on resemblance to the Flatiron Building completed in 1902.

## Geology

The Flatirons consist of conglomeratic sandstone of the Fountain Formation. Geologists estimate the age of these rocks as 290 to 296 million years; they were lifted and tilted into their present orientation between 80 and 35 million years ago, during the Laramide Orogeny. The Flatirons were subsequently exposed by erosion. Other manifestations of the Fountain Formation can be found in many places along the Colorado Front Range, including Garden of the Gods near Colorado Springs, Roxborough State Park in Douglas County, and Red Rocks Amphitheatre near Morrison.

## Climbing

The Flatirons on Green Mountain and Bear Peak are within the City of Boulder Open Space and Mountain Parks system. They are popular destinations for hikers and rock climbers, with rock grades ranging from easy (5.0) to world-class (5.14b). Of note is the East Face Standard route on the Third Flatiron; guidebook author and longtime climber Richard Rossiter calls it "The best 5.4 in the solar system."

## A symbol of Boulder

Images of the numbered Flatirons on Green Mountain are ubiquitous symbols of the city of Boulder. The area abounds with Flatirons photographs, drawings, paintings, and sculptures. The city government, the University of Colorado, and many businesses make use of this symbol in their logos, advertisements, and marketing materials. Many businesses also use the word Flatirons or Flatiron in their names. In addition, Boulder often is referred to in the tech industry as the "Silicon Flatirons", analogous to Santa Clara Valley's famous nickname.
The third Flatiron bore a "CU," for the University of Colorado, in 50-foot (15 m) white letters from the 1950s until 1980, when the city painted over the initials to restore the natural look of the stone formation.
CU students Dale Johnson and Robert Rowlands climbed the flatiron one night in November 1949 to paint the original "C." The "C" was removed and painted again, with a "U" being added in the 1950s. The letters are still faintly visible under the reddish paint used by the city in 1980.

## Gallery

* View of Flatirons from Fairview High School in southern Boulder
* Morning view of Flatirons from Broomfield, Colorado
* Third Flatiron, Boulder
# Moreno Grande Formation

The Moreno Grande Formation is a geologic formation in California. It preserves fossils dating back to the Cretaceous period.
# Timeline of geopolitical changes

Timeline of geopolitical changes may refer to:
Geopolitical changes:
* Timeline of geopolitical changes (before 1500)
* Timeline of geopolitical changes (1500–1899)
* Timeline of geopolitical changes (1900–1999)
* Timeline of geopolitical changes (2000–present)
National border changes:
* List of territory purchased by a sovereign nation from another sovereign nation
* List of national border changes (1815–1914)
* List of national border changes (1914–present)
# Ecsenius namiyei

Ecsenius namiyei, commonly called black comb-tooth blenny or Namiye's coralblenny, is a species of marine fish in the family Blenniidae. The specific name honours the Japanese zoologist and museum curator Motoyoshi Namiye (1854–1915).
The black comb-tooth is widespread throughout the tropical waters of the western Pacific Ocean from the Philippines to Solomon Islands.
It grows to a size of 11 cm in length.
It occasionally makes its way into the aquarium trade.
# Myrnie Gifford

Myrnie Ade Gifford (1892–1966) was an American medical physician. She was the first to identify that San Joaquin Valley Fever was the primary stage of coccidioidomycosis.

## Early life and education

Gifford was born to Charles Clinton and Augusta Leona Gifford in National City, California. She completed her bachelor's degree at Mount Holyoke College and graduated in 1915. She attended Stanford University to study medicine and earned her medical degree in 1920. She moved to the University of California, Berkeley for her doctoral studies. Gifford was an intern and house officer at San Francisco General Hospital. She completed a Certificate in Public Health at Johns Hopkins University in 1934.

## Career

Gifford was the first doctor to investigate a Californian disease called San Joaquin Valley Fever; a disease that cause joint pain and erythema multiforme. Coccidioidomycosis was first identified by an Argentinian medical student, Alejandro Posadas, in 1892, the year Gifford that was born. It was once considered to be lethal and rare, but was shown by Gifford to be frequent and manageable. She was an Assistant Health Officer for Kern County, California from 1934. Whilst there, she reported that valley fever patients developed a skin sensitivity (erythema nodosum) when injected with a coccidioides antigen.
She began to conduct skin tests on all patients who had valley fever; and found that whilst some were symptomless, they were all positive for coccidioidomycosis. Gifford was the first person to recognise that desert fever and valley fever were caused by the coccidioides fungus. This work received national recognition. She was the first to demonstrate that valley fever were the primary stages of the coccidioidomycosis infection. In 1938, Gifford joined E. C. Dickson to explain that the infection resembles primary tuberculosis and a full clinical recovery is possible. She continued to work on coccidioidomycosis and found that it occurred more often in men than in women and people of ethnic minorities. Over 80% of the patients who died had been engaged in agriculture or work where dust could have been involved.
She continued to advocate for migrant communities and found that 25% of the Arvin Federal Labor Camp were positive for valley fever. Gifford retired in 1954 and lived with her sister Myrtle Glifford. She died in 1966. There is a library dedicated to her honor at Kern County Public Health Services Department.
# Khalid El-Aabidi

Khalid El-Aabidi (born 14 September 1995) is a Moroccan Olympic weightlifter. He represented his country at the 2016 Summer Olympics.
# Pittsburg-Weir Coalfield

The Pittsburg-Weir Coalfield, also known as Weir-Pittsburg Coalfield and Cherokee Coalfield, is a coalfield located in Cherokee and Crawford counties in the southeast corner of Kansas.
The first underground shaft mine was built in the region in 1874 near Scammon. Prior to that, there was scattered small-scale drift mining and surface mining of coal, but the construction of the first shaft mine ushered in an era which eventually led to as many as 290 significant mines and numerous other small ("dinky") mines in the two counties. The most active period of mining in the region was 1890-1910, and most of the coal camps were dismantled by the 1930s or 1940s. Mechanized strip mining overtook underground mining in output in 1931, and that combined with competition from eastern coal led to a demise in importance of underground mining in the region.

## Santa Fe Mining Company

A major mining disaster took place November 9, 1888 in shaft 2 of the Santa Fe Mining Company mine near Frontenac, Kansas when 150 miners lost their lives in an explosion.

## Pittsburg & Midway Coal Company

One of the oldest continuously running coal companies in the United States was the Pittsburg & Midway Coal Company, founded in Pittsburg, Kansas in 1885. It lasted under that name even after its move to Denver, Colorado when the Kansas mines closed, until September 2007, when Chevron which owned the company, merged it with its Molycorp Inc. coal mining division to form Chevron Mining, thus ending the Pittsburg corporate name.
The name Pittsburg & Midway Coal Company was purchased from Chevron in 2008 and refounded in Midway Kansas. P&M owns mines in Oklahoma, Texas, Kentucky and Ohio.
# Sajni

Sajni or Sajani may refer to:
* Sajni (film), a 2007 Indian Kannada-language film
* Sajni (album), a music album by Shaban Yusuf
* "Sajni" (song), by Arijit Singh from the 2023 Indian film Laapataa Ladies
* Sajani (1940 film), an Indian Hindi-language social film
* Sajani (2004 film), an Indian Bengali-language film
# Pittsburg Bluff Formation

The Pittsburg Bluff Formation is a geologic formation in Oregon. It preserves fossils dating back to the Paleogene period.
# Mount Dall Formation

The Mount Dall Formation is a geologic formation in Alaska. It preserves fossils dating back to the Permian period.
# 1972 in North Korea

Events from the year 1972 in North Korea.

## Incumbents

* Premier: Kim Il Sung (until 28 December) Kim Il (starting 28 December)
* Supreme Leader: Kim Il Sung
* President: Kim Il Sung (starting 28 December)
* Vice President: Choe Yong-gon (starting 28 December, alongside Kang Ryang-uk)

## Events

July 4th North–South Korea Joint Statement 1972 North Korean parliamentary election

## Births

* March 4 - Pae Gil-su.