# List of birds of Zimbabwe

This is a list of the bird species recorded in Zimbabwe. The avifauna of Zimbabwe include a total of 708 species, of which 4 have been introduced by humans.
This list's taxonomic treatment (designation and sequence of orders, families and species) and nomenclature (common and scientific names) follow the conventions of The Clements Checklist of Birds of the World, 2022 edition. The family accounts at the beginning of each heading reflect this taxonomy, as do the species counts found in each family account. Introduced and accidental species are included in the total counts for Zimbabwe.
The following tags have been used to highlight several categories, but not all species fall into one of these categories. Those that do not are commonly occurring native species.
* (A) Accidental - a species that rarely or accidentally occurs in Zimbabwe
* (I) Introduced - a species introduced to Zimbabwe as a consequence, direct or indirect, of human actions

## Ostriches

Order: Struthioniformes Family: Struthionidae
The ostrich is a flightless bird native to Africa. It is the largest living species of bird. It is distinctive in its appearance, with a long neck and legs and the ability to run at high speeds.
* Common ostrich, Struthio camelus
** South African ostrich, Struthio camelus australis

## Ducks, geese, and waterfowl

Order: Anseriformes Family: Anatidae
Anatidae includes the ducks and most duck-like waterfowl, such as geese and swans. These birds are adapted to an aquatic existence with webbed feet, flattened bills, and feathers that are excellent at shedding water due to an oily coating.
* White-faced whistling-duck, Dendrocygna viduata
* Fulvous whistling-duck, Dendrocygna bicolor
* White-backed duck, Thalassornis leuconotus
* Knob-billed duck, Sarkidiornis melanotos
* Egyptian goose, Alopochen aegyptiacus
* South African shelduck, Tadorna cana (A)
* Spur-winged goose, Plectropterus gambensis
* African pygmy-goose, Nettapus auritus
* Garganey, Spatula querquedula
* Blue-billed teal, Spatula hottentota
* Cape shoveler, Spatula smithii
* Northern shoveler, Spatula clypeata (A)
* African black duck, Anas sparsa
* Yellow-billed duck, Anas undulata
* Cape teal, Anas capensis
* Red-billed duck, Anas erythrorhyncha
* Northern pintail, Anas acuta
* Southern pochard, Netta erythrophthalma
* Maccoa duck, Oxyura maccoa

## Guineafowl

Order: Galliformes Family: Numididae
Guineafowl are a group of African, seed-eating, ground-nesting birds that resemble partridges, but with featherless heads and spangled grey plumage.
* Helmeted guineafowl, Numida meleagris
* Western crested guineafowl, Guttera verreauxi

## Pheasants, grouse, and allies

Order: Galliformes Family: Phasianidae
The Phasianidae are a family of terrestrial birds. In general, they are plump (although they vary in size) and have broad, relatively short wings.
* Crested francolin, Ortygornis sephaena
* Coqui francolin, Campocolinus coqui
* Red-winged francolin, Scleroptila levaillantii
* Shelley's francolin, Scleroptila shelleyi
* Blue quail, Synoicus adansonii
* Common quail, Coturnix coturnix
* Harlequin quail, Coturnix delegorguei
* Red-billed francolin, Pternistis adspersus
* Natal francolin, Pternistis natalensis
* Swainson's francolin, Pternistis swainsonii
* Red-necked francolin, Pternistis afer

## Flamingos

Order: Phoenicopteriformes Family: Phoenicopteridae
Flamingos are gregarious wading birds, usually 3 to 5 feet (0.9 to 1.5 m) tall, found in both the Western and Eastern Hemispheres. Flamingos filter-feed on shellfish and algae. Their oddly shaped beaks are specially adapted to separate mud and silt from the food they consume and, uniquely, are used upside-down.
* Greater flamingo, Phoenicopterus roseus
* Lesser flamingo, Phoenicopterus minor

## Grebes

Order: Podicipediformes Family: Podicipedidae
Grebes are small to medium-large freshwater diving birds. They have lobed toes and are excellent swimmers and divers. However, they have their feet placed far back on the body, making them quite ungainly on land.
* Little grebe, Tachybaptus ruficollis
* Great crested grebe, Podiceps cristatus
* Eared grebe, Podiceps nigricollis (A)

## Pigeons and doves

Order: Columbiformes Family: Columbidae
Pigeons and doves are stout-bodied birds with short necks and short slender bills with a fleshy cere.
* Rock pigeon, Columba livia (I)
* Speckled pigeon, Columba guinea
* Rameron pigeon, Columba arquatrix
* Delegorgue's pigeon, Columba delegorguei
* Lemon dove, Columba larvata
* European turtle-dove, Streptopelia turtur (A)
* Mourning collared-dove, Streptopelia decipiens
* Red-eyed dove, Streptopelia semitorquata
* Ring-necked dove, Streptopelia capicola
* Laughing dove, Streptopelia senegalensis
* Emerald-spotted wood-dove, Turtur chalcospilos
* Blue-spotted wood-dove, Turtur afer
* Tambourine dove, Turtur tympanistria
* Namaqua dove, Oena capensis
* African green-pigeon, Treron calvus

## Sandgrouse

Order: Pterocliformes Family: Pteroclidae
Sandgrouse have small, pigeon like heads and necks, but sturdy compact bodies. They have long pointed wings and sometimes tails and a fast direct flight. Flocks fly to watering holes at dawn and dusk. Their legs are feathered down to the toes.
* Namaqua sandgrouse, Pterocles namaqua
* Yellow-throated sandgrouse, Pterocles gutturalis
* Double-banded sandgrouse, Pterocles bicinctus
* Burchell's sandgrouse, Pterocles burchelli

## Bustards

Order: Otidiformes Family: Otididae
Bustards are large terrestrial birds mainly associated with dry open country and steppes in the Old World. They are omnivorous and nest on the ground. They walk steadily on strong legs and big toes, pecking for food as they go. They have long broad wings with "fingered" wingtips and striking patterns in flight. Many have interesting mating displays.
* Kori bustard, Ardeotis kori
* Ludwig's bustard, Neotis ludwigii
* Denham's bustard, Neotis denhami
* Red-crested bustard, Eupodotis ruficrista
* Black-bellied bustard, Lissotis melanogaster

## Turacos

Order: Musophagiformes Family: Musophagidae
The turacos, plantain eaters and go-away-birds make up the bird family Musophagidae. They are medium-sized arboreal birds. The turacos and plantain eaters are brightly coloured, usually in blue, green or purple. The go-away birds are mostly grey and white.
* Livingstone's turaco, Tauraco livingstonii
* Schalow's turaco, Tauraco schalowi
* Knysna turaco, Tauraco corythaix
* Purple-crested turaco, Tauraco porphyreolophus
* Ross's turaco, Musophaga rossae (A)
* Gray go-away-bird, Corythaixoides concolor

## Cuckoos

Order: Cuculiformes Family: Cuculidae
The family Cuculidae includes cuckoos, roadrunners and anis. These birds are of variable size with slender bodies, long tails and strong legs. The Old World cuckoos are brood parasites.
* Senegal coucal, Centropus senegalensis
* Coppery-tailed coucal, Centropus cupreicaudus
* White-browed coucal, Centropus superciliosus
* Black coucal, Centropus grillii
* Green malkoha, Ceuthmochares australis
* Great spotted cuckoo, Clamator glandarius
* Levaillant's cuckoo, Clamator levaillantii
* Pied cuckoo, Clamator jacobinus
* Thick-billed cuckoo, Pachycoccyx audeberti
* Dideric cuckoo, Chrysococcyx caprius
* Klaas's cuckoo, Chrysococcyx klaas
* African emerald cuckoo, Chrysococcyx cupreus
* Barred long-tailed cuckoo, Cercococcyx montanus
* Black cuckoo, Cuculus clamosus
* Red-chested cuckoo, Cuculus solitarius
* Lesser cuckoo, Cuculus poliocephalus
* African cuckoo, Cuculus gularis
* Madagascar cuckoo, Cuculus rochii (A)
* Common cuckoo, Cuculus canorus

## Nightjars and allies

Order: Caprimulgiformes Family: Caprimulgidae
Nightjars are medium-sized nocturnal birds that usually nest on the ground. They have long wings, short legs and very short bills. Most have small feet, of little use for walking, and long pointed wings. Their soft plumage is camouflaged to resemble bark or leaves.
* Pennant-winged nightjar, Caprimulgus vexillarius
* Eurasian nightjar, Caprimulgus europaeus
* Rufous-cheeked nightjar, Caprimulgus rufigena
* Fiery-necked nightjar, Caprimulgus pectoralis
* Swamp nightjar, Caprimulgus natalensis
* Freckled nightjar, Caprimulgus tristigma
* Square-tailed nightjar, Caprimulgus fossii

## Swifts

Order: Caprimulgiformes Family: Apodidae
Swifts are small birds which spend the majority of their lives flying. These birds have very short legs and never settle voluntarily on the ground, perching instead only on vertical surfaces. Many swifts have long swept-back wings which resemble a crescent or boomerang.
* Mottled spinetail, Telacanthura ussheri
* Bat-like spinetail, Neafrapus boehmi
* Scarce swift, Schoutedenapus myoptilus
* Alpine swift, Apus melba
* Mottled swift, Apus aequatorialis
* Common swift, Apus apus
* African swift, Apus barbatus
* Little swift, Apus affinis
* Horus swift, Apus horus
* White-rumped swift, Apus caffer
* African palm-swift, Cypsiurus parvus

## Flufftails

Order: Gruiformes Family: Sarothruridae
The flufftails are a small family of ground-dwelling birds found only in Madagascar and sub-Saharan Africa.
* Buff-spotted flufftail, Sarothrura elegans
* Red-chested flufftail, Sarothrura rufa
* Streaky-breasted flufftail, Sarothrura boehmi
* Striped flufftail, Sarothrura affinis
* White-winged flufftail, Sarothrura ayresi (A)

## Rails, gallinules and coots

Order: Gruiformes Family: Rallidae
Rallidae is a large family of small to medium-sized birds which includes the rails, crakes, coots and gallinules. Typically they inhabit dense vegetation in damp environments near lakes, swamps or rivers. In general they are shy and secretive birds, making them difficult to observe. Most species have strong legs and long toes which are well adapted to soft uneven surfaces. They tend to have short, rounded wings and to be weak fliers.
* African rail, Rallus caerulescens
* Corn crake, Crex crex
* African crake, Crex egregia
* Spotted crake, Porzana porzana
* Lesser moorhen, Paragallinula angulata
* Eurasian moorhen, Gallinula chloropus
* Red-knobbed coot, Fulica cristata
* Allen's gallinule, Porphyrio alleni
* Purple gallinule, Porphyrio martinicus (A)
* African swamphen, Porphyrio madagascariensis
* Striped crake, Aenigmatolimnas marginalis
* Black crake, Zapornia flavirostra
* Baillon's crake, Zapornia pusilla

## Finfoots

Order: Gruiformes Family: Heliornithidae
Heliornithidae is a small family of tropical birds with webbed lobes on their feet similar to those of grebes and coots.
* African finfoot, Podica senegalensis

## Cranes

Order: Gruiformes Family: Gruidae
Cranes are large, long-legged and long-necked birds. Unlike the similar-looking but unrelated herons, cranes fly with necks outstretched, not pulled back. Most have elaborate and noisy courting displays or "dances".
* Gray crowned-crane, Balearica regulorum
* Wattled crane, Bugeranus carunculatus

## Thick-knees

Order: Charadriiformes Family: Burhinidae
The thick-knees are a group of largely tropical waders in the family Burhinidae. They are found worldwide within the tropical zone, with some species also breeding in temperate Europe and Australia. They are medium to large waders with strong black or yellow-black bills, large yellow eyes and cryptic plumage. Despite being classed as waders, most species have a preference for arid or semi-arid habitats.
* Water thick-knee, Burhinus vermiculatus
* Spotted thick-knee, Burhinus capensis

## Stilts and avocets

Order: Charadriiformes Family: Recurvirostridae
Recurvirostridae is a family of large wading birds, which includes the avocets and stilts. The avocets have long legs and long up-curved bills. The stilts have extremely long legs and long, thin, straight bills.
* Black-winged stilt, Himantopus himantopus
* Pied avocet, Recurvirostra avosetta

## Plovers and lapwings

Order: Charadriiformes Family: Charadriidae
The family Charadriidae includes the plovers, dotterels and lapwings. They are small to medium-sized birds with compact bodies, short, thick necks and long, usually pointed, wings. They are found in open country worldwide, mostly in habitats near water.
* Black-bellied plover, Pluvialis squatarola
* Pacific golden-plover, Pluvialis fulva
* Long-toed lapwing, Vanellus crassirostris
* Blacksmith lapwing, Vanellus armatus
* Spur-winged lapwing, Vanellus spinosus (A)
* White-headed lapwing, Vanellus albiceps
* Senegal lapwing, Vanellus lugubris
* Crowned lapwing, Vanellus coronatus
* Wattled lapwing, Vanellus senegallus
* Lesser sand-plover, Charadrius mongolus (A)
* Greater sand-plover, Charadrius leschenaultii (A)
* Caspian plover, Charadrius asiaticus
* Kittlitz's plover, Charadrius pecuarius
* Common ringed plover, Charadrius hiaticula
* Little ringed plover, Charadrius dubius (A)
* Three-banded plover, Charadrius tricollaris
* White-fronted plover, Charadrius marginatus
* Chestnut-banded plover, Charadrius pallidus

## Painted-snipes

Order: Charadriiformes Family: Rostratulidae
Painted-snipes are short-legged, long-billed birds similar in shape to the true snipes, but more brightly coloured.
* Greater painted-snipe, Rostratula benghalensis

## Jacanas

Order: Charadriiformes Family: Jacanidae
The jacanas are a group of tropical waders in the family Jacanidae. They are found throughout the tropics. They are identifiable by their huge feet and claws which enable them to walk on floating vegetation in the shallow lakes that are their preferred habitat.
* Lesser jacana, Microparra capensis
* African jacana, Actophilornis africanus

## Sandpipers and allies

Order: Charadriiformes Family: Scolopacidae
Scolopacidae is a large diverse family of small to medium-sized shorebirds including the sandpipers, curlews, godwits, shanks, tattlers, woodcocks, snipes, dowitchers and phalaropes. The majority of these species eat small invertebrates picked out of the mud or soil. Variation in length of legs and bills enables multiple species to feed in the same habitat, particularly on the coast, without direct competition for food.
* Whimbrel, Numenius phaeopus
* Eurasian curlew, Numenius arquata
* Bar-tailed godwit, Limosa lapponica (A)
* Black-tailed godwit, Limosa limosa (A)
* Ruddy turnstone, Arenaria interpres
* Ruff, Calidris pugnax
* Broad-billed sandpiper, Calidris falcinellus
* Curlew sandpiper, Calidris ferruginea
* Sanderling, Calidris alba
* Little stint, Calidris minuta
* Pectoral sandpiper, Calidris melanotos (A)
* Great snipe, Gallinago media
* African snipe, Gallinago nigripennis
* Terek sandpiper, Xenus cinereus
* Red-necked phalarope, Phalaropus lobatus
* Red phalarope, Phalaropus fulicarius (A)
* Common sandpiper, Actitis hypoleucos
* Green sandpiper, Tringa ochropus
* Spotted redshank, Tringa erythropus (A)
* Common greenshank, Tringa nebularia
* Lesser yellowlegs, Tringa flavipes (A)
* Marsh sandpiper, Tringa stagnatilis
* Wood sandpiper, Tringa glareola
* Common redshank, Tringa totanus

## Buttonquail

Order: Charadriiformes Family: Turnicidae
The buttonquail are small, drab, running birds which resemble the true quails. The female is the brighter of the sexes and initiates courtship. The male incubates the eggs and tends the young.
* Small buttonquail, Turnix sylvatica
* Black-rumped buttonquail, Turnix nanus

## Pratincoles and coursers

Order: Charadriiformes Family: Glareolidae
Glareolidae is a family of wading birds comprising the pratincoles, which have short legs, long pointed wings and long forked tails, and the coursers, which have long legs, short wings and long, pointed bills which curve downwards.
* Temminck's courser, Cursorius temminckii
* Double-banded courser, Smutsornis africanus
* Three-banded courser, Rhinoptilus cinctus
* Bronze-winged courser, Rhinoptilus chalcopterus
* Collared pratincole, Glareola pratincola
* Black-winged pratincole, Glareola nordmanni
* Rock pratincole, Glareola nuchalis

## Gulls, terns, and skimmers

Order: Charadriiformes Family: Laridae
Laridae is a family of medium to large seabirds, the gulls, terns, and skimmers. Gulls are typically grey or white, often with black markings on the head or wings. They have stout, longish bills and webbed feet. Terns are a group of generally medium to large seabirds typically with grey or white plumage, often with black markings on the head. Most terns hunt fish by diving but some pick insects off the surface of fresh water. Terns are generally long-lived birds, with several species known to live in excess of 30 years. Skimmers are a small family of tropical tern-like birds. They have an elongated lower mandible which they use to feed by flying low over the water surface and skimming the water for small fish.
* Gray-hooded gull, Chroicocephalus cirrocephalus
* Black-headed gull, Chroicocephalus ridibundus (A)
* Lesser black-backed gull, Larus fuscus
* Sooty tern, Onychoprion fuscatus (A)
* Gull-billed tern, Gelochelidon nilotica (A)
* Caspian tern, Hydroprogne caspia
* White-winged tern, Chlidonias leucopterus
* Whiskered tern, Chlidonias hybrida
* African skimmer, Rynchops flavirostris

## Northern storm-petrels

Order: Procellariiformes Family: Hydrobatidae
Though the members of this family are similar in many respects to the southern storm-petrels, including their general appearance and habits, there are enough genetic differences to warrant their placement in a separate family.
* European storm-petrel, Hydrobates pelagicus (A)

## Storks

Order: Ciconiiformes Family: Ciconiidae
Storks are large, long-legged, long-necked, wading birds with long, stout bills. Storks are mute, but bill-clattering is an important mode of communication at the nest. Their nests can be large and may be reused for many years. Many species are migratory.
* African openbill, Anastomus lamelligerus
* Black stork, Ciconia nigra
* Abdim's stork, Ciconia abdimii
* African woolly-necked stork, Ciconia microscelis
* White stork, Ciconia ciconia
* Saddle-billed stork, Ephippiorhynchus senegalensis
* Marabou stork, Leptoptilos crumenifer
* Yellow-billed stork, Mycteria ibis

## Frigatebirds

Order: Suliformes Family: Fregatidae
Frigatebirds are large seabirds usually found over tropical oceans. They are large, black-and-white, or completely black, with long wings and deeply forked tails. The males have colored inflatable throat pouches. They do not swim or walk and cannot take off from a flat surface. Having the largest wingspan-to-body-weight ratio of any bird, they are essentially aerial, able to stay aloft for more than a week.
* Lesser frigatebird, Fregata ariel (A)
* Great frigatebird, Fregata minor (A)

## Anhingas

Order: Suliformes Family: Anhingidae
Anhingas or darters are often called "snake-birds" because of their long thin neck, which gives a snake-like appearance when they swim with their bodies submerged. The males have black and dark-brown plumage, an erectile crest on the nape and a larger bill than the female. The females have much paler plumage especially on the neck and underparts. The darters have completely webbed feet and their legs are short and set far back on the body. Their plumage is somewhat permeable, like that of cormorants, and they spread their wings to dry after diving.
* African darter, Anhinga rufa

## Cormorants and shags

Order: Suliformes Family: Phalacrocoracidae
Phalacrocoracidae is a family of medium to large coastal, fish-eating seabirds that includes cormorants and shags. Plumage colouration varies, with the majority having mainly dark plumage, some species being black-and-white and a few being colourful.
* Long-tailed cormorant, Microcarbo africanus
* Great cormorant, Phalacrocorax carbo

## Pelicans

Order: Pelecaniformes Family: Pelecanidae
Pelicans are large water birds with a distinctive pouch under their beak. As with other members of the order Pelecaniformes, they have webbed feet with four toes.
* Great white pelican, Pelecanus onocrotalus
* Pink-backed pelican, Pelecanus rufescens

## Hamerkop

Order: Pelecaniformes Family: Scopidae
The hamerkop is a medium-sized bird with a long shaggy crest. The shape of its head with a curved bill and crest at the back is reminiscent of a hammer, hence its name. Its plumage is drab-brown all over.
* Hamerkop, Scopus umbretta

## Herons, egrets, and bitterns

Order: Pelecaniformes Family: Ardeidae
The family Ardeidae contains the bitterns, herons and egrets. Herons and egrets are medium to large wading birds with long necks and legs. Bitterns tend to be shorter necked and more wary. Members of Ardeidae fly with their necks retracted, unlike other long-necked birds such as storks, ibises and spoonbills.
* Great bittern, Botaurus stellaris (A)
* Little bittern, Ixobrychus minutus
* Dwarf bittern, Ixobrychus sturmii
* Gray heron, Ardea cinerea
* Black-headed heron, Ardea melanocephala
* Goliath heron, Ardea goliath
* Purple heron, Ardea purpurea
* Great egret, Ardea alba
* Intermediate egret, Ardea intermedia
* Little egret, Egretta garzetta
* Slaty egret, Egretta vinaceigula
* Black heron, Egretta ardesiaca
* Cattle egret, Bubulcus ibis
* Squacco heron, Ardeola ralloides
* Malagasy pond-heron, Ardeola idae
* Rufous-bellied heron, Ardeola rufiventris
* Striated heron, Butorides striata
* Black-crowned night-heron, Nycticorax nycticorax
* White-backed night-heron, Gorsachius leuconotus

## Ibises and spoonbills

Order: Pelecaniformes Family: Threskiornithidae
Threskiornithidae is a family of large terrestrial and wading birds which includes the ibises and spoonbills. They have long, broad wings with 11 primary and about 20 secondary feathers. They are strong fliers and despite their size and weight, very capable soarers.
* Glossy ibis, Plegadis falcinellus
* African sacred ibis, Threskiornis aethiopicus
* Hadada ibis, Bostrychia hagedash
* African spoonbill, Platalea alba

## Secretarybird

Order: Accipitriformes Family: Sagittariidae
The secretarybird is a bird of prey in the order Accipitriformes but is easily distinguished from other raptors by its long crane-like legs.
* Secretarybird, Sagittarius serpentarius

## Osprey

Order: Accipitriformes Family: Pandionidae
The family Pandionidae contains only one species, the osprey. The osprey is a medium-large raptor which is a specialist fish-eater with a worldwide distribution.
* Osprey, Pandion haliaetus

## Hawks, eagles, and kites

Order: Accipitriformes Family: Accipitridae
Accipitridae is a family of birds of prey, which includes hawks, eagles, kites, harriers and Old World vultures. These birds have powerful hooked beaks for tearing flesh from their prey, strong legs, powerful talons and keen eyesight.
* Black-winged kite, Elanus caeruleus
* African harrier-hawk, Polyboroides typus
* Palm-nut vulture, Gypohierax angolensis (A)
* Bearded vulture, Gypaetus barbatus (A)
* Egyptian vulture, Neophron percnopterus
* European honey-buzzard, Pernis apivorus
* African cuckoo-hawk, Aviceda cuculoides
* White-headed vulture, Trigonoceps occipitalis
* Lappet-faced vulture, Torgos tracheliotos
* Hooded vulture, Necrosyrtes monachus
* White-backed vulture, Gyps africanus
* Rüppell's griffon, Gyps rueppelli (A)
* Cape griffon, Gyps coprotheres
* Bateleur, Terathopius ecaudatus
* Black-chested snake-eagle, Circaetus pectoralis
* Brown snake-eagle, Circaetus cinereus
* Fasciated snake-eagle, Circaetus fasciolatus
* Banded snake-eagle, Circaetus cinerascens
* Bat hawk, Macheiramphus alcinus
* Crowned eagle, Stephanoaetus coronatus
* Martial eagle, Polemaetus bellicosus
* Long-crested eagle, Lophaetus occipitalis
* Lesser spotted eagle, Clanga pomarina
* Wahlberg's eagle, Hieraaetus wahlbergi
* Booted eagle, Hieraaetus pennatus
* Ayres's hawk-eagle, Hieraaetus ayresii
* Tawny eagle, Aquila rapax
* Steppe eagle, Aquila nipalensis
* Verreaux's eagle, Aquila verreauxii
* African hawk-eagle, Aquila spilogaster
* Lizard buzzard, Kaupifalco monogrammicus
* Dark chanting-goshawk, Melierax metabates
* Pale chanting-goshawk, Melierax canorus
* Gabar goshawk, Micronisus gabar
* Grasshopper buzzard, Butastur rufipennis (A)
* Eurasian marsh-harrier, Circus aeruginosus
* African marsh-harrier, Circus ranivorus
* Pallid harrier, Circus macrourus
* Montagu's harrier, Circus pygargus
* African goshawk, Accipiter tachiro
* Shikra, Accipiter badius
* Little sparrowhawk, Accipiter minullus
* Ovampo sparrowhawk, Accipiter ovampensis
* Rufous-breasted sparrowhawk, Accipiter rufiventris
* Black goshawk, Accipiter melanoleucus
* Black kite, Milvus migrans
* African fish-eagle, Haliaeetus vocifer
* Common buzzard, Buteo buteo
* Forest buzzard, Buteo trizonatus (A)
* Red-necked buzzard, Buteo auguralis (A)
* Augur buzzard, Buteo augur
* Jackal buzzard, Buteo rufofuscus (A)

## Barn-owls

Order: Strigiformes Family: Tytonidae
Barn owls are medium to large owls with large heads and characteristic heart-shaped faces. They have long strong legs with powerful talons.
* African grass-owl, Tyto capensis
* Western barn owl, Tyto alba

## Owls

Order: Strigiformes Family: Strigidae
The typical owls are small to large solitary nocturnal birds of prey. They have large forward-facing eyes and ears, a hawk-like beak and a conspicuous circle of feathers around each eye called a facial disk.
* Eurasian scops-owl, Otus scops
* African scops-owl, Otus senegalensis
* Southern white-faced owl, Ptilopsis granti
* Cape eagle-owl, Bubo capensis
* Spotted eagle-owl, Bubo africanus
* Verreaux's eagle-owl, Bubo lacteus
* Pel's fishing-owl, Scotopelia peli
* Pearl-spotted owlet, Glaucidium perlatum
* African barred owlet, Glaucidium capense
* African wood-owl, Strix woodfordii
* Marsh owl, Asio capensis

## Mousebirds

Order: Coliiformes Family: Coliidae
The mousebirds are slender greyish or brown birds with soft, hairlike body feathers and very long thin tails. They are arboreal and scurry through the leaves like rodents in search of berries, fruit and buds. They are acrobatic and can feed upside down. All species have strong claws and reversible outer toes. They also have crests and stubby bills.
* Speckled mousebird, Colius striatus
* Red-faced mousebird, Urocolius indicus

## Trogons

Order: Trogoniformes Family: Trogonidae
The family Trogonidae includes trogons and quetzals. Found in tropical woodlands worldwide, they feed on insects and fruit, and their broad bills and weak legs reflect their diet and arboreal habits. Although their flight is fast, they are reluctant to fly any distance. Trogons have soft, often colourful, feathers with distinctive male and female plumage.
* Narina trogon, Apaloderma narina

## Hoopoes

Order: Bucerotiformes Family: Upupidae
Hoopoes have black, white and orangey-pink colouring with a large erectile crest on their head.
* Eurasian hoopoe, Upupa epops

## Woodhoopoes

Order: Bucerotiformes Family: Phoeniculidae
The woodhoopoes are related to the kingfishers, rollers and hoopoes. They most resemble the hoopoes with their long curved bills, used to probe for insects, and short rounded wings. However, they differ in that they have metallic plumage, often blue, green or purple, and lack an erectile crest.
* Green woodhoopoe, Phoeniculus purpureus
* Common scimitarbill, Rhinopomastus cyanomelas

## Ground-hornbills

Order: Bucerotiformes Family: Bucorvidae
The ground-hornbills are terrestrial birds which feed almost entirely on insects, other birds, snakes, and amphibians. The entire family is endemic to Africa.
* Southern ground-hornbill, Bucorvus leadbeateri

## Hornbills

Order: Bucerotiformes Family: Bucerotidae
Hornbills are a group of birds whose bill is shaped like a cow's horn, but without a twist, sometimes with a casque on the upper mandible. Frequently, the bill is brightly coloured.
* Crowned hornbill, Lophoceros alboterminatus
* Bradfield's hornbill, Lophoceros bradfieldi
* African gray hornbill, Lophoceros nasutus
* Southern yellow-billed hornbill, Tockus leucomelas
* Southern red-billed hornbill, Tockus rufirostris
* Silvery-cheeked hornbill, Bycanistes brevis
* Trumpeter hornbill, Bycanistes bucinator

## Kingfishers

Order: Coraciiformes Family: Alcedinidae
Kingfishers are medium-sized birds with large heads, long, pointed bills, short legs and stubby tails.
* Half-collared kingfisher, Alcedo semitorquata
* Malachite kingfisher, Corythornis cristatus
* African pygmy kingfisher, Ispidina picta
* Gray-headed kingfisher, Halcyon leucocephala
* Woodland kingfisher, Halcyon senegalensis
* Mangrove kingfisher, Halcyon senegaloides (A)
* Brown-hooded kingfisher, Halcyon albiventris
* Striped kingfisher, Halcyon chelicuti
* Giant kingfisher, Megaceryle maximus
* Pied kingfisher, Ceryle rudis

## Bee-eaters

Order: Coraciiformes Family: Meropidae
The bee-eaters are a group of near passerine birds in the family Meropidae. Most species are found in Africa but others occur in southern Europe, Madagascar, Australia and New Guinea. They are characterised by richly coloured plumage, slender bodies and usually elongated central tail feathers. All are colourful and have long downturned bills and pointed wings, which give them a swallow-like appearance when seen from afar.
* White-fronted bee-eater, Merops bullockoides
* Little bee-eater, Merops pusillus
* Swallow-tailed bee-eater, Merops hirundineus
* White-throated bee-eater, Merops albicollis (A)
* Böhm's bee-eater, Merops boehmi
* Blue-cheeked bee-eater, Merops persicus
* Madagascar bee-eater, Merops superciliosus
* European bee-eater, Merops apiaster
* Southern carmine bee-eater, Merops nubicoides

## Rollers

Order: Coraciiformes Family: Coraciidae
Rollers resemble crows in size and build, but are more closely related to the kingfishers and bee-eaters. They share the colourful appearance of those groups with blues and browns predominating. The two inner front toes are connected, but the outer toe is not.
* European roller, Coracias garrulus
* Lilac-breasted roller, Coracias caudata
* Racket-tailed roller, Coracias spatulata
* Rufous-crowned roller, Coracias naevia
* Broad-billed roller, Eurystomus glaucurus

## African barbets

Order: Piciformes Family: Lybiidae
The African barbets are plump birds, with short necks and large heads. They get their name from the bristles which fringe their heavy bills. Most species are brightly coloured.
* Crested barbet, Trachyphonus vaillantii
* White-eared barbet, Stactolaema leucotis
* Whyte's barbet, Stactolaema whytii
* Yellow-rumped tinkerbird, Pogoniulus bilineatus
* Yellow-fronted tinkerbird, Pogoniulus chrysoconus
* Pied barbet, Tricholaema leucomelas
* Black-collared barbet, Lybius torquatus

## Honeyguides

Order: Piciformes Family: Indicatoridae
Honeyguides are among the few birds that feed on wax. They are named for the greater honeyguide which leads traditional honey-hunters to bees' nests and, after the hunters have harvested the honey, feeds on the remaining contents of the hive.
* Green-backed honeyguide, Prodotiscus zambesiae
* Wahlberg's honeyguide, Prodotiscus regulus
* Pallid honeyguide, Indicator meliphilus
* Lesser honeyguide, Indicator minor
* Scaly-throated honeyguide, Indicator variegatus
* Greater honeyguide, Indicator indicator

## Woodpeckers

Order: Piciformes Family: Picidae
Woodpeckers are small to medium-sized birds with chisel-like beaks, short legs, stiff tails and long tongues used for capturing insects. Some species have feet with two toes pointing forward and two backward, while several species have only three toes. Many woodpeckers have the habit of tapping noisily on tree trunks with their beaks.
* Rufous-necked wryneck, Jynx ruficollis (A)
* Cardinal woodpecker, Chloropicus fuscescens
* Bearded woodpecker, Chloropicus namaquus
* Olive woodpecker, Chloropicus griseocephalus (A)
* Green-backed woodpecker, Campethera cailliautii
* Bennett's woodpecker, Campethera bennettii
* Golden-tailed woodpecker, Campethera abingoni

## Falcons and caracaras

Order: Falconiformes Family: Falconidae
Falconidae is a family of diurnal birds of prey. They differ from hawks, eagles and kites in that they kill with their beaks instead of their talons.
* Lesser kestrel, Falco naumanni
* Eurasian kestrel, Falco tinnunculus
* Rock kestrel, Falco rupicolus
* Greater kestrel, Falco rupicoloides
* Dickinson's kestrel, Falco dickinsoni
* Red-necked falcon, Falco chicquera
* Red-footed falcon, Falco vespertinus
* Amur falcon, Falco amurensis
* Eleonora's falcon, Falco eleonorae (A)
* Sooty falcon, Falco concolor (A)
* Eurasian hobby, Falco subbuteo
* African hobby, Falco cuvierii
* Lanner falcon, Falco biarmicus
* Peregrine falcon, Falco peregrinus
* Taita falcon, Falco fasciinucha

## Old World parrots

Order: Psittaciformes Family: Psittaculidae
Characteristic features of parrots include a strong curved bill, an upright stance, strong legs, and clawed zygodactyl feet. Many parrots are vividly colored, and some are multi-colored. In size they range from 8 cm (3.1 in) to 1 m (3.3 ft) in length. Old World parrots are found from Africa east across south and southeast Asia and Oceania to Australia and New Zealand.
* Rose-ringed parakeet, Psittacula krameri (I)
* Lilian's lovebird, Agapornis lilianae
* Black-cheeked lovebird, Agapornis nigrigenis (I)

## New World and African parrots

Order: Psittaciformes Family: Psittacidae
Characteristic features of parrots include a strong curved bill, an upright stance, strong legs, and clawed zygodactyl feet. Many parrots are vividly colored, and some are multi-colored. In size they range from 8 cm (3.1 in) to 1 m (3.3 ft) in length. Most of the more than 150 species in this family are found in the New World.
* Brown-necked parrot, Poicephalus robustus
* Meyer's parrot, Poicephalus meyeri
* Brown-headed parrot, Poicephalus cryptoxanthus

## African and green broadbills

Order: Passeriformes Family: Calyptomenidae
The broadbills are small, brightly coloured birds, which feed on fruit and also take insects in flycatcher fashion, snapping their broad bills. Their habitat is canopies of wet forests.
* African broadbill, Smithornis capensis

## Pittas

Order: Passeriformes Family: Pittidae
Pittas are medium-sized by passerine standards and are stocky, with fairly long, strong legs, short tails and stout bills. Many are brightly coloured. They spend the majority of their time on wet forest floors, eating snails, insects and similar invertebrates.
* African pitta, Pitta angolensis

## Cuckooshrikes

Order: Passeriformes Family: Campephagidae
The cuckooshrikes are small to medium-sized passerine birds. They are predominantly greyish with white and black, although some species are brightly coloured.
* Gray cuckooshrike, Coracina caesia
* White-breasted cuckooshrike, Coracina pectoralis
* Black cuckooshrike, Campephaga flava

## Old World orioles

Order: Passeriformes Family: Oriolidae
The Old World orioles are colourful passerine birds. They are not related to the New World orioles.
* Eurasian golden oriole, Oriolus oriolus
* African golden oriole, Oriolus auratus
* Green-headed oriole, Oriolus chlorocephalus
* African black-headed oriole, Oriolus larvatus

## Wattle-eyes and batises

Order: Passeriformes Family: Platysteiridae
The wattle-eyes, or puffback flycatchers, are small stout passerine birds of the African tropics. They get their name from the brightly coloured fleshy eye decorations found in most species in this group.
* Black-throated wattle-eye, Platysteira peltata
* Cape batis, Batis capensis
* Woodward's batis, Batis fratrum
* Chinspot batis, Batis molitor
* Pale batis, Batis soror

## Vangas, helmetshrikes, and allies

Order: Passeriformes Family: Vangidae
The helmetshrikes are similar in build to the shrikes, but tend to be colourful species with distinctive crests or other head ornaments, such as wattles, from which they get their name.
* White helmetshrike, Prionops plumatus
* Retz's helmetshrike, Prionops retzii
* Chestnut-fronted helmetshrike, Prionops scopifrons
* Black-and-white shrike-flycatcher, Bias musicus

## Bushshrikes and allies

Order: Passeriformes Family: Malaconotidae
Bushshrikes are similar in habits to shrikes, hunting insects and other small prey from a perch on a bush. Although similar in build to the shrikes, these tend to be either colourful species or largely black; some species are quite secretive.
* Brubru, Nilaus afer
* Black-backed puffback, Dryoscopus cubla
* Marsh tchagra, Tchagra minuta
* Black-crowned tchagra, Tchagra senegala
* Brown-crowned tchagra, Tchagra australis
* Three-streaked tchagra, Tchagra jamesi
* Tropical boubou, Laniarius major
* Gabon boubou, Laniarius bicolor
* Southern boubou, Laniarius ferrugineus
* Crimson-breasted gonolek, Laniarius atrococcineus
* Bokmakierie, Telophorus zeylonus
* Sulphur-breasted bushshrike, Telophorus sulfureopectus
* Olive bushshrike, Telophorus olivaceus
* Black-fronted bushshrike, Telophorus nigrifrons
* Four-colored bushshrike, Telophorus viridis
* Gray-headed bushshrike, Malaconotus blanchoti

## Drongos

Order: Passeriformes Family: Dicruridae
The drongos are mostly black or dark grey in colour, sometimes with metallic tints. They have long forked tails, and some Asian species have elaborate tail decorations. They have short legs and sit very upright when perched, like a shrike. They flycatch or take prey from the ground.
* Common square-tailed drongo, Dicrurus ludwigii
* Fork-tailed drongo, Dicrurus adsimilis

## Monarch flycatchers

Order: Passeriformes Family: Monarchidae
The monarch flycatchers are small to medium-sized insectivorous passerines which hunt by flycatching.
* African crested-flycatcher, Trochocercus cyanomelas
* African paradise-flycatcher, Terpsiphone viridis

## Shrikes

Order: Passeriformes Family: Laniidae
Shrikes are passerine birds known for their habit of catching other birds and small animals and impaling the uneaten portions of their bodies on thorns. A typical shrike's beak is hooked, like a bird of prey.
* Red-backed shrike, Lanius collurio
* Lesser gray shrike, Lanius minor
* Magpie shrike, Lanius melanoleucus
* Southern fiscal, Lanius collaris
* White-crowned shrike, Eurocephalus anguitimens

## Crows, jays, and magpies

Order: Passeriformes Family: Corvidae
The family Corvidae includes crows, ravens, jays, choughs, magpies, treepies, nutcrackers and ground jays. Corvids are above average in size among the Passeriformes, and some of the larger species show high levels of intelligence.
* Cape crow, Corvus capensis
* Pied crow, Corvus albus
* White-necked raven, Corvus albicollis

## Hyliotas

Order: Passeriformes Family: Hyliotidae
The members of this small family, all of genus Hyliota, are birds of the forest canopy. They tend to feed in mixed-species flocks. The entire family is endemic to Africa.
* Yellow-bellied hyliota, Hyliota flavigaster (A)
* Southern hyliota, Hyliota australis

## Fairy flycatchers

Order: Passeriformes Family: Stenostiridae
Most of the species of this small family are found in Africa, though a few inhabit tropical Asia. They are not closely related to other birds called "flycatchers".
* Fairy flycatcher, Stenostira scita (A)
* White-tailed blue flycatcher, Elminia albicauda
* White-tailed crested-flycatcher, Elminia albonotata

## Tits, chickadees and titmice

Order: Passeriformes Family: Paridae
The Paridae are mainly small stocky woodland species with short stout bills. Some have crests. They are adaptable birds, with a mixed diet including seeds and insects.
* Rufous-bellied tit, Melaniparus rufiventris
* Southern black-tit, Melaniparus niger
* Miombo tit, Melaniparus griseiventris
* Ashy tit, Melaniparus cinerascens

## Penduline-tits

Order: Passeriformes Family: Remizidae
The penduline-tits are a group of small passerine birds related to the true tits. They are insectivores.
* African penduline-tit, Anthoscopus caroli
* Southern penduline-tit, Anthoscopus minutus

## Larks

Order: Passeriformes Family: Alaudidae
Larks are small terrestrial birds with often extravagant songs and display flights. Most larks are fairly dull in appearance. Their food is insects and seeds.
* Spike-heeled lark, Chersomanes albofasciata
* Dusky lark, Pinarocorys nigricans
* Chestnut-backed sparrow-lark, Eremopterix leucotis
* Gray-backed sparrow-lark, Eremopterix verticalis
* Sabota lark, Calendulauda sabota
* Fawn-coloured lark, Calendulauda africanoides
* Rufous-naped lark, Mirafra africana
* Flappet lark, Mirafra rufocinnamomea
* Monotonous lark, Mirafra passerina
* Latakoo lark, Mirafra cheniana
* Red-capped lark, Calandrella cinerea
* Stark's lark, Spizocorys starki (A)
* Pink-billed lark, Spizocorys conirostris

## Nicators

Order: Passeriformes Family: Nicatoridae
The nicators are shrike-like, with hooked bills. They are endemic to sub-Saharan Africa.
* Western nicator, Nicator chloris
* Eastern nicator, Nicator gularis

## African warblers

Order: Passeriformes Family: Macrosphenidae
African warblers are small to medium-sized insectivores which are found in a wide variety of habitats south of the Sahara.
* Red-capped crombec, Sylvietta ruficapilla (A)
* Red-faced crombec, Sylvietta whytii
* Cape crombec, Sylvietta rufescens
* Moustached grass-warbler, Melocichla mentalis
* Cape grassbird, Sphenoeacus afer

## Cisticolas and allies

Order: Passeriformes Family: Cisticolidae
The Cisticolidae are warblers found mainly in warmer southern regions of the Old World. They are generally very small birds of drab brown or grey appearance found in open country such as grassland or scrub.
* Yellow-bellied eremomela, Eremomela icteropygialis
* Greencap eremomela, Eremomela scotops
* Burnt-neck eremomela, Eremomela usticollis
* Roberts's warbler, Oreophilais robertsi
* Miombo wren-warbler, Calamonastes undosus
* Stierling's wren-warbler, Calamonastes stierlingi
* Barred wren-warbler, Calamonastes fasciolatus
* Green-backed camaroptera, Camaroptera brachyura
* Bar-throated apalis, Apalis thoracica
* Yellow-breasted apalis, Apalis flavida
* Black-headed apalis, Apalis melanocephala
* Chirinda apalis, Apalis chirindensis
* Tawny-flanked prinia, Prinia subflava
* Black-chested prinia, Prinia flavicans
* Red-winged prinia, Prinia erythroptera
* Red-faced cisticola, Cisticola erythrops
* Singing cisticola, Cisticola cantans
* Rock-loving cisticola, Cisticola aberrans
* Rattling cisticola, Cisticola chiniana
* Tinkling cisticola, Cisticola rufilatus
* Wailing cisticola, Cisticola lais
* Luapula cisticola, Cisticola luapula
* Chirping cisticola, Cisticola pipiens
* Rufous-winged cisticola, Cisticola galactotes
* Levaillant's cisticola, Cisticola tinniens
* Croaking cisticola, Cisticola natalensis
* Piping cisticola, Cisticola fulvicapilla
* Siffling cisticola, Cisticola brachypterus
* Zitting cisticola, Cisticola juncidis
* Desert cisticola, Cisticola aridulus
* Pale-crowned cisticola, Cisticola cinnamomeus
* Wing-snapping cisticola, Cisticola ayresii

## Reed warblers and allies

Order: Passeriformes Family: Acrocephalidae
The members of this family are usually rather large for "warblers". Most are rather plain olivaceous brown above with much yellow to beige below. They are usually found in open woodland, reedbeds, or tall grass. The family occurs mostly in southern to western Eurasia and surroundings, but it also ranges far into the Pacific, with some species in Africa.
* African yellow-warbler, Iduna natalensis
* Olive-tree warbler, Hippolais olivetorum
* Icterine warbler, Hippolais icterina
* Sedge warbler, Acrocephalus schoenobaenus
* Marsh warbler, Acrocephalus palustris
* Common reed warbler, Acrocephalus scirpaceus
* Basra reed warbler, Acrocephalus griseldis (A)
* Lesser swamp warbler, Acrocephalus gracilirostris
* Greater swamp warbler, Acrocephalus rufescens
* Great reed warbler, Acrocephalus arundinaceus

## Grassbirds and allies

Order: Passeriformes Family: Locustellidae
Locustellidae are a family of small insectivorous songbirds found mainly in Eurasia, Africa, and the Australian region. They are smallish birds with tails that are usually long and pointed, and tend to be drab brownish or buffy all over.
* River warbler, Locustella fluviatilis
* Fan-tailed grassbird, Catriscus brevirostris
* Barratt's warbler, Bradypterus barratti
* Little rush warbler, Bradypterus baboecala

## Swallows

Order: Passeriformes Family: Hirundinidae
The family Hirundinidae is adapted to aerial feeding. They have a slender streamlined body, long pointed wings and a short bill with a wide gape. The feet are adapted to perching rather than walking, and the front toes are partially joined at the base.
* Plain martin, Riparia paludicola
* Bank swallow, Riparia riparia
* Banded martin, Neophedina cincta
* Mascarene martin, Phedina borbonica (A)
* Rock martin, Ptyonoprogne fuligula
* Barn swallow, Hirundo rustica
* White-throated swallow, Hirundo albigularis
* Wire-tailed swallow, Hirundo smithii
* Pearl-breasted swallow, Hirundo dimidiata
* Montane blue swallow, Hirundo atrocaerulea
* Greater striped swallow, Cecropis cucullata
* Red-rumped swallow, Cecropis daurica (A)
* Lesser striped swallow, Cecropis abyssinica
* Rufous-chested swallow, Cecropis semirufa
* Mosque swallow, Cecropis senegalensis
* South African swallow, Petrochelidon spilodera
* Common house-martin, Delichon urbicum
* White-headed sawwing, Psalidoprocne albiceps (A)
* Black sawwing, Psalidoprocne pristoptera
* Gray-rumped swallow, Pseudhirundo griseopyga

## Bulbuls

Order: Passeriformes Family: Pycnonotidae
Bulbuls are medium-sized songbirds. Some are colourful with yellow, red or orange vents, cheeks, throats or supercilia, but most are drab, with uniform olive-brown to black plumage. Some species have distinct crests.
* Sombre greenbul, Andropadus importunus
* Stripe-cheeked greenbul, Arizelocichla milanjensis
* Yellow-bellied greenbul, Chlorocichla flaviventris
* Terrestrial brownbul, Phyllastrephus terrestris
* Yellow-streaked greenbul, Phyllastrephus flavostriatus
* Tiny greenbul, Phyllastrephus debilis
* Red-whiskered bulbul, Pycnonotus jocosus
* Common bulbul, Pycnonotus barbatus
* Black-fronted bulbul, Pycnonotus nigricans

## Leaf warblers

Order: Passeriformes Family: Phylloscopidae
Leaf warblers are a family of small insectivorous birds found mostly in Eurasia and ranging into Wallacea and Africa. The species are of various sizes, often green-plumaged above and yellow below, or more subdued with grayish-green to grayish-brown colors.
* Willow warbler, Phylloscopus trochilus
* Yellow-throated woodland-warbler, Phylloscopus ruficapilla

## Bush warblers and allies

Order: Passeriformes Family: Scotocercidae
The members of this family are found throughout Africa, Asia, and Polynesia. Their taxonomy is in flux, and some authorities place genus Erythrocerus in another family.
* Livingstone's flycatcher, Erythrocercus livingstonei

## Sylviid warblers, parrotbills, and allies

Order: Passeriformes Family: Sylviidae
The family Sylviidae is a group of small insectivorous passerine birds. They mainly occur as breeding species, as the common name implies, in Europe, Asia and, to a lesser extent, Africa. Most are of generally undistinguished appearance, but many have distinctive songs.
* Eurasian blackcap, Sylvia atricapilla (A)
* Garden warbler, Sylvia borin
* Barred warbler, Curruca nisoria
* Chestnut-vented warbler, Curruca subcoerulea
* Greater whitethroat, Curruca communis

## White-eyes, yuhinas, and allies

Order: Passeriformes Family: Zosteropidae
The white-eyes are small and mostly undistinguished, their plumage above being generally some dull colour like greenish-olive, but some species have a white or bright yellow throat, breast or lower parts, and several have buff flanks. As their name suggests, many species have a white ring around each eye.
* Southern yellow white-eye, Zosterops anderssoni

## Laughingthrushes and allies

Order: Passeriformes Family: Leiothrichidae
The members of this family are diverse in size and colouration, though those of genus Turdoides tend to be brown or greyish. The family is found in Africa, India, and southeast Asia.
* Arrow-marked babbler, Turdoides jardineii
* Southern pied-babbler, Turdoides bicolor
* Hartlaub's babbler, Turdoides hartlaubii

## Treecreepers

Order: Passeriformes Family: Certhiidae
Treecreepers are small woodland birds, brown above and white below. They have thin pointed down-curved bills, which they use to extricate insects from bark. They have stiff tail feathers, like woodpeckers, which they use to support themselves on vertical trees.
* African spotted creeper, Salpornis salvadori

## Oxpeckers

Order: Passeriformes Family: Buphagidae
As both the English and scientific names of these birds imply, they feed on ectoparasites, primarily ticks, found on large mammals. The entire family is endemic to Africa.
* Red-billed oxpecker, Buphagus erythrorhynchus
* Yellow-billed oxpecker, Buphagus africanus

## Starlings

Order: Passeriformes Family: Sturnidae
Starlings are small to medium-sized passerine birds. Their flight is strong and direct and they are very gregarious. Their preferred habitat is fairly open country. They eat insects and fruit. Plumage is typically dark with a metallic sheen.
* Wattled starling, Creatophora cinerea
* Common myna, Acridotheres tristis (I)
* Violet-backed starling, Cinnyricinclus leucogaster
* Red-winged starling, Onychognathus morio
* Black-bellied starling, Notopholia corrusca
* Burchell's starling, Lamprotornis australis
* Meves's starling, Lamprotornis mevesii (A)
* Lesser blue-eared starling, Lamprotornis chloropterus
* Greater blue-eared starling, Lamprotornis chalybaeus
* Cape starling, Lamprotornis nitens

## Thrushes and allies

Order: Passeriformes Family: Turdidae
The thrushes are a group of passerine birds that occur mainly in the Old World. They are plump, soft plumaged, small to medium-sized insectivores or sometimes omnivores, often feeding on the ground. Many have attractive songs.
* Orange ground-thrush, Geokichla gurneyi
* Groundscraper thrush, Turdus litsitsirupa
* Kurrichane thrush, Turdus libonyana
* Olive thrush, Turdus olivaceus

## Old World flycatchers

Order: Passeriformes Family: Muscicapidae
Old World flycatchers are a large group of small passerine birds native to the Old World. They are mainly small arboreal insectivores. The appearance of these birds is highly varied, but they mostly have weak songs and harsh calls.
* African dusky flycatcher, Muscicapa adusta
* Spotted flycatcher, Muscicapa striata
* Mariqua flycatcher, Bradornis mariquensis
* Pale flycatcher, Agricola pallidus
* Gray tit-flycatcher, Fraseria plumbea
* Ashy flycatcher, Fraseria caerulescens
* Fiscal flycatcher, Melaenornis silens (A)
* Southern black-flycatcher, Melaenornis pammelaina
* Bearded scrub-robin, Cercotrichas quadrivirgata
* Kalahari scrub-robin, Cercotrichas paena
* Red-backed scrub-robin, Cercotrichas leucophrys
* Cape robin-chat, Cossypha caffra
* White-throated robin-chat, Cossypha humeralis
* White-browed robin-chat, Cossypha heuglini
* Red-capped robin-chat, Cossypha natalensis
* Collared palm-thrush, Cichladusa arquata
* White-starred robin, Pogonocichla stellata
* Swynnerton's robin, Swynnertonia swynnertoni
* White-throated robin, Irania gutturalis
* Thrush nightingale, Luscinia luscinia
* European pied flycatcher, Ficedula hypoleuca
* Collared flycatcher, Ficedula albicollis
* Common redstart, Phoenicurus phoenicurus (A)
* Short-toed rock-thrush, Monticola brevipes
* Miombo rock-thrush, Monticola angolensis
* Whinchat, Saxicola rubetra (A)
* African stonechat, Saxicola torquatus
* Mocking cliff-chat, Thamnolaea cinnamomeiventris
* Southern anteater-chat, Myrmecocichla formicivora (A)
* Arnot's chat, Myrmecocichla arnotti
* Northern wheatear, Oenanthe oenanthe (A)
* Capped wheatear, Oenanthe pileata
* Pied wheatear, Oenanthe pleschanka (A)
* Familiar chat, Oenanthe familiaris
* Boulder chat, Pinarornis plumosus

## Sugarbirds

Order: Passeriformes Family: Promeropidae
The sugarbirds resemble large sunbirds in general appearance and habits, but are possibly more closely related to the Australian honeyeaters. They have brownish plumage, the long downcurved bill of passerine nectar feeders and long tail feathers.
* Gurney's sugarbird, Promerops gurneyi

## Sunbirds and spiderhunters

Order: Passeriformes Family: Nectariniidae
The sunbirds and spiderhunters are very small passerine birds which feed largely on nectar, although they will also take insects, especially when feeding young. Flight is fast and direct on their short wings. Most species can take nectar by hovering like a hummingbird, but usually perch to feed.
* Plain-backed sunbird, Anthreptes reichenowi
* Western violet-backed sunbird, Anthreptes longuemarei
* Collared sunbird, Hedydipna collaris
* Olive sunbird, Cyanomitra olivacea
* Mouse-colored sunbird, Cyanomitra veroxii (A)
* Amethyst sunbird, Chalcomitra amethystina
* Scarlet-chested sunbird, Chalcomitra senegalensis
* Bronze sunbird, Nectarinia kilimensis
* Malachite sunbird, Nectarinia famosa
* Western miombo sunbird, Cinnyris gertrudis
* Eastern miombo sunbird, Cinnyris manoensis
* Mariqua sunbird, Cinnyris mariquensis
* Shelley's sunbird, Cinnyris shelleyi
* Purple-banded sunbird, Cinnyris bifasciatus
* White-breasted sunbird, Cinnyris talatala
* Variable sunbird, Cinnyris venustus
* Copper sunbird, Cinnyris cupreus

## Weavers and allies

Order: Passeriformes Family: Ploceidae
The weavers are small passerine birds related to the finches. They are seed-eating birds with rounded conical bills. The males of many species are brightly coloured, usually in red or yellow and black, some species show variation in colour only in the breeding season.
* Red-billed buffalo-weaver, Bubalornis niger
* Scaly weaver, Sporopipes squamifrons
* White-browed sparrow-weaver, Plocepasser mahali
* Red-headed weaver, Anaplectes rubriceps
* Spectacled weaver, Ploceus ocularis
* Holub's golden-weaver, Ploceus xanthops
* Southern brown-throated weaver, Ploceus xanthopterus
* Lesser masked-weaver, Ploceus intermedius
* Southern masked-weaver, Ploceus velatus
* Village weaver, Ploceus cucullatus
* Forest weaver, Ploceus bicolor
* Cardinal quelea, Quelea cardinalis (A)
* Red-headed quelea, Quelea erythrops
* Red-billed quelea, Quelea quelea
* Southern red bishop, Euplectes orix
* Black-winged bishop, Euplectes hordeaceus
* Yellow-crowned bishop, Euplectes afer
* Yellow bishop, Euplectes capensis
* White-winged widowbird, Euplectes albonotatus
* Yellow-mantled widowbird, Euplectes macroura
* Red-collared widowbird, Euplectes ardens
* Fan-tailed widowbird, Euplectes axillaris
* Long-tailed widowbird, Euplectes progne
* Grosbeak weaver, Amblyospiza albifrons

## Waxbills and allies

Order: Passeriformes Family: Estrildidae
The estrildid finches are small passerine birds of the Old World tropics and Australasia. They are gregarious and often colonial seed eaters with short thick but pointed bills. They are all similar in structure and habits, but have wide variation in plumage colours and patterns.
* Bronze mannikin, Spermestes cucullatus
* Magpie mannikin, Spermestes fringilloides
* Black-and-white mannikin, Spermestes bicolor
* Yellow-bellied waxbill, Coccopygia quartinia
* Swee waxbill, Coccopygia melanotis
* Green-backed twinspot, Mandingoa nitidula
* Red-faced crimsonwing, Cryptospiza reichenovii
* Black-faced waxbill, Brunhilda erythronotos
* Black-tailed waxbill, Glaucestrilda perreini
* Common waxbill, Estrilda astrild
* Quailfinch, Ortygospiza atricollis
* Locustfinch, Paludipasser locustella
* Cut-throat, Amadina fasciata
* Red-headed finch, Amadina erythrocephala
* Zebra waxbill, Amandava subflava
* Violet-eared waxbill, Granatina granatina
* Southern cordonbleu, Uraeginthus angolensis
* Lesser seedcracker, Pyrenestes minor
* Green-winged pytilia, Pytilia melba
* Orange-winged pytilia, Pytilia afra
* Peters's twinspot, Hypargos niveoguttatus
* Red-billed firefinch, Lagonosticta senegala
* African firefinch, Lagonosticta rubricata
* Jameson's firefinch, Lagonosticta rhodopareia
* Brown firefinch, Lagonosticta nitidula

## Indigobirds

Order: Passeriformes Family: Viduidae
The indigobirds are finch-like species which usually have black or indigo predominating in their plumage. All are brood parasites, which lay their eggs in the nests of estrildid finches.
* Pin-tailed whydah, Vidua macroura
* Broad-tailed paradise-whydah, Vidua obtusa
* Eastern paradise-whydah, Vidua paradisaea
* Shaft-tailed whydah, Vidua regia
* Village indigobird, Vidua chalybeata
* Variable indigobird, Vidua funerea
* Purple indigobird, Vidua purpurascens
* Green indigobird, Vidua codringtoni
* Parasitic weaver, Anomalospiza imberbis

## Old World sparrows

Order: Passeriformes Family: Passeridae
Old World sparrows are small passerine birds. In general, sparrows tend to be small, plump, brown or grey birds with short tails and short powerful beaks. Sparrows are seed eaters, but they also consume small insects.
* House sparrow, Passer domesticus (I)
* Great rufous sparrow, Passer motitensis
* Cape sparrow, Passer melanurus
* Northern gray-headed sparrow, Passer griseus (A)
* Southern gray-headed sparrow, Passer diffusus
* Yellow-throated bush sparrow, Gymnoris superciliaris

## Wagtails and pipits

Order: Passeriformes Family: Motacillidae
Motacillidae is a family of small passerine birds with medium to long tails. They include the wagtails, longclaws and pipits. They are slender, ground feeding insectivores of open country.
* Cape wagtail, Motacilla capensis
* Mountain wagtail, Motacilla clara
* Gray wagtail, Motacilla cinerea (A)
* Western yellow wagtail, Motacilla flava
* African pied wagtail, Motacilla aguimp
* White wagtail, Motacilla alba
* African pipit, Anthus cinnamomeus
* Woodland pipit, Anthus nyassae
* Nicholson's pipit, Anthus nicholsoni
* Plain-backed pipit, Anthus leucophrys
* Buffy pipit, Anthus vaalensis
* Striped pipit, Anthus lineiventris
* Tree pipit, Anthus trivialis
* Short-tailed pipit, Anthus brachyurus (A)
* Bush pipit, Anthus caffer
* Golden pipit, Tmetothylacus tenellus (A)
* Orange-throated longclaw, Macronyx capensis
* Yellow-throated longclaw, Macronyx croceus
* Rosy-throated longclaw, Macronyx ameliae

## Finches, euphonias, and allies

Order: Passeriformes Family: Fringillidae
Finches are seed-eating passerine birds, that are small to moderately large and have a strong beak, usually conical and in some species very large. All have twelve tail feathers and nine primaries. These birds have a bouncing flight with alternating bouts of flapping and gliding on closed wings, and most sing well.
* Yellow-fronted canary, Crithagra mozambica
* African citril, Crithagra citrinelloides
* Black-faced canary, Crithagra capistrata
* Black-throated canary, Crithagra atrogularis
* Lemon-breasted seedeater, Crithagra citrinipectus
* Brimstone canary, Crithagra sulphurata
* Black-eared seedeater, Crithagra mennelli
* Streaky-headed seedeater, Crithagra gularis
* Cape canary, Serinus canicollis

## Old World buntings

Order: Passeriformes Family: Emberizidae
The emberizids are a large family of passerine birds. They are seed-eating birds with distinctively shaped bills. Many emberizid species have distinctive head patterns.
* Cabanis's bunting, Emberiza cabanisi
* Golden-breasted bunting, Emberiza flaviventris
* Cape bunting, Emberiza capensis
* Lark-like bunting, Emberiza impetuani
* Cinnamon-breasted bunting, Emberiza tahapisi