OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Paul Martin (disambiguation)

Paul Martin (born 1938) is a former Canadian prime minister.
Paul Martin may also refer to:

## Politics

* Paul Martin Sr. (1903–1992), father of the above, Canadian politician
* Paul Martin (Scottish politician) (born 1967), member of the Scottish Parliament
* Paul Martin (civil servant), government of Jersey chief executive officer (March 2021-22)
* Paul Martin (Vermont politician), member of the Vermont House of Representatives

## Science

* Paul R. Martin (1946–2009), American psychologist, director of Wellspring Retreat and Resource Center in Ohio
* Paul Schultz Martin (1928–2010), American geobiologist at the University of Arizona
* Paul Sidney Martin (1898–1974), American archaeologist

## Sports

* Paul Martin (Swiss athlete) (1901–1987), Swiss runner in the 1924 Summer Olympics
* Paul Martin (Australian footballer) (1964–2019), Australian rules footballer for South Adelaide
* Paul Martin (bobsleigh), German bobsledder at the 1928 Winter Olympics
* Paul Martin (ice hockey) (born 1981), American National Hockey League player
* Paul Martin (baseball) (1932–2011), American Major League Baseball player
* Paul Martin (Scottish footballer) (born 1965), Scottish association football player and coach
* Paul Martin (wrestler) (born 1949), American wrestler better known as Paul Orndorff or Mr. Wonderful
* Paul Martin (amputee athlete) (born 1967), American world-record holding Paralympian and triathlete
* Paul Martin (rugby league) (born 1967), rugby league player for Canberra Raiders
* Paul Martin (water polo) (born 1982), South African water polo coach at the 2020 Summer Olympics

## Entertainment

* Paul Martin, singer in American country band Marshall Dyllon (active 2000–2011)
* Paul Martin, a fictional character on ABC soap opera All My Children (appeared 1970–1995)
* Paul Martin (TV presenter) (born 1959), presenter of the BBC antiques programme Flog It!
* Paul Martin, real name of British comedian Paul Merton (born 1957)
* Paul Martin (radio presenter), DJ on New Zealand radio station The Rock
* Paul Martin (director) (1899–1967), Hungarian film director
* Paul Martin, a fictional character on the long-running television series, Lassie (appeared 1957–1964)

## Other

* Paul Elliott Martin (1897–1975), American bishop of the Methodist Church
* Paul K. Martin, American lawyer and NASA Inspector General
* Paul Marius Martin (born 1940), French Latinist and historian of ancient Rome
* Paul Martin (illustrator) (1883–1932), American cover artist for Collier's magazine
* Paul Martin (Irish journalist) (born 1977), Irish journalist
* Paul Martin (bishop) (born 1967), New Zealand Roman Catholic bishop
* Paul Martin (photographer) (1864–1944), French-born British photographer
# List of Murdo mountains

This is a list of Murdo mountains in Scotland by height. Murdos are defined as Scottish mountains over 3,000 feet (914.4 m) in height and with a prominence over 30 metres (98 ft); a mix of imperial and metric thresholds.
Cartographer Alan Dawson first compiled the list of Murdos in 1995 to provide an objective and quantitative alternative to the Scottish Mountaineering Club ("SMC") definition of a Munro, which has the same height threshold but a qualitative requirement of "sufficient separation", instead of prominence. The SMC does not maintain an official list of Murdos, unlike all its other Scottish mountain and hill classifications, . However, all Murdos are either SMC Munros or SMC Munro Tops. Dawson's threshold was in line with the 1994 International Climbing and Mountaineering Federation declaration that an "independent peak" had to have a prominence of over 30 metres (98 ft).
As of October 2018, there were 442 Murdos identified in Scotland. Most definitions of mountains in the British Isles consider peaks with a prominence between 30–150 metres (98–492 ft) as being "tops", and not mountains. A total of 203 of the 442 Murdos exceed this 150 metres (492 ft) prominence threshold, and thus are Marilyns. Of these, 54 exceed the P600 prominence threshold of 600 metres (1,969 ft) to be a "major" mountain.
When Dawson created the Murdos in 1995 he said "all Munros are Murdos", and listed Maoile Lunndaidh, a Munro, with a prominence of 400 metres (1,312 ft). Surveys in 2014 showed Maoile Lunndaidh was lower than Creag Toll a' Choin, and its prominence was 11 metres (36 ft); databases of Murdos (e.g. the DoBIH), no longer list Maoile Lunndaidh as a Murdo (its prominence went to Creag Toll a' Choin), and thus not all Munros are Murdos.

## Murdo mountains by height

The list below was downloaded from the Database of British and Irish Hills ("DoBIH") as at October 2018. Note that topological prominence, unlike topological elevation, is far more complex to measure and requires a survey of the entire contours of a peak, rather than a single point of height. These tables are therefore subject to being revised over time, and should not be amended or updated unless the entire DoBIH data is re–downloaded again. The DoBIH classification marks Munros ("M") and Munro Tops ("MT").
# Paul Matthews

Paul Matthews may refer to:
* Paul Taunton Matthews (1919–1987), British theoretical physicist
* Paul Matthews (bishop) (1866–1954), Episcopal bishop of New Jersey
* Paul Matthews (musician) (born 1978), New Zealand musician, songwriter, and record producer
* Paul Matthews (poet), British poet featured in Children of Albion
* Paul Matthews (footballer) (born 1946), English footballer
* Paul Matthews (filmmaker), British film producer, writer, and director
# Gull Dong

The Gull Dong is a dog breed of India and Pakistan that is often used in dog fighting, hunting, and guarding.

## Origin

The Gull Dong is the result from when a Gull Terrier is crossed with a Bully Kutta. These started to be crossed in colonial India and the consequent Gull Dong is celebrated in India and Pakistan for its "speed and tenacity".
During the era of the British Raj in India, Bull Terriers were introduced to the northwestern Indian subcontinent, which now includes the modern republics of India and Pakistan. In British India, the Bull Terrier breed soared in popularity, with the Bull Terrier Club of India being established in Calcutta. Bull Terriers were crossed with local breeds to develop the Gull Terrier, often called the Indian Bull Terrier and also now the Pakistani Bull Terrier. The Gull Terrier is a medium-sized dog with short, smooth fur which resembles that of the Staffordshire Bull Terrier.
# Maurice Brooks

Maurice Graham Brooks (June 16, 1900 – January 10, 1993) was an American educator and naturalist whose name became synonymous with the natural history of Appalachia.

## Biography

Brooks was born on the family farm at French Creek, Upshur County, West Virginia, where he maintained a residence for much of the remainder of his life. His father — photographer and local historian Fred E. Brooks — and three of his uncles were also professional naturalists or biologists. One uncle was Albert Nelson Brooks (1897–1966), surveyor and naturalist (and namesake of the Brooks Bird Club).
Maurice Brooks attended Davis and Elkins College and West Virginia Wesleyan College before eventually graduating from West Virginia University (WVU) in 1923. He was also educated at the University of Michigan. He later taught at the University of Virginia and the University of Minnesota.
In 1934, he joined the faculty of WVU as a professor in the Biology Department. In 1938, he moved to the Division of Forestry, where he taught courses in wildlife management until his retirement in 1969.
While perhaps best known for his contributions to ornithology, Brooks also made contributions to Appalachian botany, herpetology, mammalogy, and chemical ecology.

## Awards and accolades

* Member, West Virginia Conservation Commission, for eight years.
* Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science.
* Fellow of the American Ornithologists' Union.
* President, Wilson Ornithological Society.
* Order of Vandalia (1970), by West Virginia University.
* West Virginia Man of the Year (1970), by West Virginia State Legislature.
* West Virginian of the Year (1970), by Charleston Gazette Mail.

## Books, monographs and popular articles

* The Pteridophytes of West Virginia, (1938); Series: West Virginia University Studies [4]
* Check-list of West Virginia Birds, (1944); Bulletin: Agricultural Experiment Station, College of Agriculture, Forestry, and Home Economics, West Virginia University
* "Notes on the Cheat Mountain salamander", (1948); Copeia 1948:239–244.
* Effect of Black Walnut Trees and their Products on Other Vegetation (1951); Bulletin: Agricultural Experiment Station, College of Agriculture, Forestry and Home Economics, West Virginia University
* "Forests and Forest Research" (1963), West Virginia Geologic and Economic Survey; 33, 171 – 190.
* The Appalachians (1965); Series: The Naturalist's America, Illustrated by Lois Darling and Lo Brooks, Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company
* The Life of the Mountains (1968); Series: Our Living World of Nature, McGraw-Hill
* "Remarkable Dolly Sods" (1969–70), Outdoor West Virginia [Title changed to Wonderful West Virginia, 1970]; Nov 1969, pp 10–13; Jan 1970, pp 10–13; Feb 1970, pp 10–13.
# Abhiyum Naanum

Abhiyum Naanum (lit. 'Abhi and Me') may refer to:
* Abhiyum Naanum (film), a 2008 Indian Tamil-language film
* Abhiyum Naanum (TV series), a 2020 Indian Tamil-language soap opera
# Nikhil Ghosh

Pandit Nikhil Jyoti Ghosh (28 December 1918 – 3 March 1995) was an Indian musician, teacher and writer, known for his proficiency in the percussion instrument of tabla.
He founded Sangit Mahabharati, an institution of music in 1956, and performed on various stages in India and abroad. A recipient of the Ustad Hafiz Ali Khan Award, his style was known to have been aligned with the Delhi, Ajrada, Farukhabad, Lucknow and Punjab gharanas of music. The Government of India awarded him the third highest civilian honour of the Padma Bhushan, in 1990, for his contributions to Music.

## Biography

Nikhil Ghosh was born on 28 December 1918 in the small village of Barisal, in East Bengal (present-day Bangladesh) of British India as the younger brother of Pannalal Ghosh, a known flautist of Hindustani classical music. After early training in music from his father, Akshay Kumar Ghosh, who was a locally known sitarist, he trained in vocals and tabla under several noted musicians such as Ahmed Jan Thirakwa, Amir Hussain Khan and Jnan Prakash Ghosh, and started performing on stage accompanying some of the notable musicians of his time, which included Faiyaz Khan, Hafiz Ali Khan, Allauddin Khan, Omkarnath Thakur, Bade Ghulam Ali Khan, Amir Khan, Pannalal Ghosh, Ravi Shankar, Ali Akbar Khan, Vilayat Khan, Bhimsen Joshi, Nikhil Banerjee, Vasant Rai, Jasraj, Amjad Ali Khan and Shiv Kumar Sharma.
Ghosh founded Sangit Mahabharati, a school dedicated for classical music education in 1956. Here, he tutored several aspiring musicians, some of which have already made their names in Indian classical music; Aneesh Pradhan, Eknath Pimpale, Datta Yande, Karodilal Bhatt, Gert Wegner and Keith Manning are some of the notable ones among them. He also trained his sons, Nayan Ghosh and Dhruba Ghosh on Tabla and Sarangi respectively as well as his daughter, Tulika Ghosh, on vocals. all of them assist him in teaching at the school.
Ghosh performed on many stages in India and abroad and performed solo at music festivals of Aldeburgh (1958), Edinburgh (1958), Bratislava (1980, 1982), Helsinki (1985), Rome (1985), Athens (1985) and at UNESCO, Paris in 1978. He also served as a visiting faculty of music at many universities. He made improvements in the conventional music notation system and wrote a book detailing his system under the title, Fundamentals of Raga and Tala: With a New System of Notation. Later, he also supplemented the book with another Manuscript Book for easy notation. This was followed by the seminal work, The Oxford Encyclopaedia of the Music of India, with author credit going to his music school, Sangit Mahabharati.
The Government of India awarded him the civilian honor of the Padma Bhushan in 1990 and he received the Ustad Hafiz Ali Khan Award in 1995. He was married to Usha Nayampally, the marriage taking place in 1955. He died on 3 March 1995, at the age of 76, survived by his wife and three children.
# John Kenneth Terres

John Kenneth Terres (December 17, 1905 – December 8, 2006), was an American naturalist and author. He is best known for his popular works on North American birds. He authored more than fifty works, usually writing as John K. Terres.
He was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and spent his early years in New Jersey. He was educated at State Teachers College (Indiana, Pennsylvania), Cornell University and New York University. In 1986, he received an honorary Doctor of Letters from the University of North Carolina. He received the John Burroughs Medal (1971) for From Laurel Hill to Siler's Bog, which detailed his explorations of Mason Farm Biological Reserve, part of the North Carolina Botanical Garden. Terres served as Editor of Audubon Magazine for twelve years (1948-1960).
He died 9 days before his 101st birthday on December 8, 2006.

## Selected works

* John K. Terres (1953). Songbirds in Your Garden. New York: Thomas Y. Crowell Company.
* John K. Terres (1960). The Wonders I See. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: Lippincott.
* John K. Terres (1969). From Laurel Hill to Siler's Bog: The Walking Adventures of a Naturalist Chapel Hill, North Carolina: University of North Carolina Press. ISBN 978-0-8078-4426-7 (or ISBN 0-8078-4426-8)
* John K. Terres (1980). The Audubon Society Encyclopedia of North American Birds. New York: Knopf. ISBN 0-394-46651-9.
He was a contributing editor of Birder's World magazine, culminating with an article about American Crow behavior observations of his own, plus his own watercolors of crows performing the behaviors in the text. He died with the wish of revising his 1980 Audubon Encyclopedia of North American Birds, about which Roger Tory Peterson said never left his desk side. Birder's World published, before the crow article, a story about him, with a photograph of him at the University of North Carolina—Chapel Hill biological station, with much concentration examining a specimen.
# Francis Dry

Francis William Dry OBE (23 October 1891 – 14 July 1979) was a New Zealand geneticist, biologist, university lecturer and wool researcher. He was born in Driffield, Yorkshire, England, on 23 October 1891.
In the 1973 New Year Honours, Dry was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire, for services to the wool industry.

## Biography

Francis William Dry was born in Driffield, Yorkshire, in 1891 to Frank Dry and Mary Avis Corke. He received his schooling at Driffield Board School and Bridlington Grammar School before graduating BSc (1913) and MSc (1914) from the University of Leeds.
After a stint in Kenya and the United States, where he got married, Dry returned to Leeds in 1921 and was awarded an Ackroyd Memorial Research Fellowship. This was a watershed moment in his career and laid the basis for his future research. For his PhD that followed, he made a study of the coat of the mouse. This research was published in 1926 and for many decades remained the definitive study of hair growth in mice.
At this time Dry also became involved in research on the coats of sheep, a subject in which he would specialize for the rest of his career. In 1928 he was appointed as senior lecturer in agricultural zoology at the newly established Massey Agricultural College in Palmerston North, New Zealand. Here Dry focused his research on the problem wool producers were experiencing of having an excessive amount of hairy fibres (halo-hairs) in crossbred wool clip.
By careful selective breeding of his control Romney flock of very hairy sheep at the college, Dry and his students proved that the prevalence of hairy fibres were determined genetically - specifically by the presence of a dominant N-gene. Following World War II, there was increased interest in Dry's sheep flock as it was discovered that hairy fibres were ideally suited for carpet production.
Dry, by now an associate-professor, retired from Massey Agricultural College in 1956 and returned to the University of Leeds to occupy an honorary fellowship in the Department of Textile Industries. Here he proved the suitability of the wool of his sheep flock for carpet manufacturing. From 1961 to 1962 specialty carpet-wool production was set up at Massey Agricultural College to further investigate coarse wool fibres for carpet production. Dry's original sheep flock was further developed and the resulting new breed of sheep was named the Drysdale breed in his honor.
Dry and his wife, Florence, returned to Palmerston North in 1963 and he continued his research on wool fibre. This led to the publication of The architecture of lambs' coats: a speculative study in 1975. For his considerable contribution to academia and research, Dry was given an honorary doctorate by Massey University in 1966 - the first time the university awarded this to a university lecturer. In 1973 he received an OBE.
He died in Palmerston North on 14 July 1979.
# United States Post Office (Greybull, Wyoming)

The Greybull Main Post Office in Greybull, Wyoming, United States, was built in 1937 as part of a facilities improvement program by the United States Post Office Department. The post office in Greybull was nominated to the National Register of Historic Places as part of a thematic study comprising twelve Wyoming post offices built to standardized USPO plans in the early twentieth century. It is one of five post offices in the state with Section of Painting and Sculpture artwork, symbolizing the extensive New Deal public works and federal presence benefiting small communities.
# Saddle Mountain (Alberta)

Saddle Mountain is a 2,433-metre (7,982 ft) summit in Alberta, Canada.

## Description

Saddle Mountain is located in the Bow Valley within Banff National Park, and it is part of the Bow Range of the Canadian Rockies. Lake Louise townsite is situated 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) to the northeast and the Continental Divide is 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) to the west. The nearest higher neighbor is Fairview Mountain, 1.2 km (0.75 mi) to the northwest. Precipitation runoff from Saddle Mountain drains into tributaries of the Bow River. Topographic relief is modest as the summit rises over 600 meters (1,968 ft) above Paradise Creek in one kilometer (0.6 mile) and nearly 900 meters (2,953 ft) above Bow River in 3 km (1.9 mi). The peak is visible from Alberta Highway 1 to the east, and is prominent in the iconic photographs taken from Morant's Curve.

## Access

The Paradise Valley Trail leads from Lake Louise to Saddleback Pass, and from the pass an off-trail scramble leads to the top of Saddle Mountain. The summit offers one of the finest views of the area, including the Bow Valley and a close view of the impressive north face of Mount Temple.

## History

The mountain's descriptive name was applied in 1894 by Samuel E.S. Allen. The mountain's toponym was officially adopted on April 3, 1952, by the Geographical Names Board of Canada.

## Geology

Like other mountains in Banff Park, Saddle Mountain is composed of sedimentary rock laid down during the Precambrian to Jurassic periods. Formed in shallow seas, this sedimentary rock was pushed east and over the top of younger rock during the Laramide orogeny.

## Climate

Based on the Köppen climate classification, Saddle Mountain is located in a subarctic climate zone with cold, snowy winters, and mild summers. Winter temperatures can drop below -20 °C with wind chill factors below -30 °C.

## Gallery

* Saddle Mountain seen from the southeast side of Fairview Mountain. Saddleback Pass in lower right.
* Mt. Temple (left), Saddle Mountain (centre), Fairview Mountain (right).
* Saddle Mountain (centre) seen from Morant's Curve
* Mount Temple from the summit of Saddle Mountain
* Winter scene from Morant's Curve. Saddle Mountain left of center.
* Saddle Mountain (upper left) from Morant's Curve
* Mount Temple from Saddle Mountain
* Haddo (left), Saddle Mountain (centre), Fairview Mountain (right), from Morant's Curve
# Hokimate Harwood

Hokimate Pamela Harwood is a bicultural science researcher at Te Papa, New Zealand's national museum. She uses a background in biology and traditional Māori knowledge (Mātauranga Māori) to research historical Māori textiles.

## Biography

Harwood attended secondary school at the Catholic Regional College in Traralgon in Victoria, Australia. She then completed a Bachelor of Science degree in Biological Sciences and Physical Anthropology at the University of Auckland in New Zealand, graduating in 1998. In 2002, she completed a Master’s degree in Environmental and Marine science, also at the University of Auckland. Her thesis research analyzed the tree fruit diet of New Zealand’s pigeon population (also known as kūkupa or kererū) in the urban environment of North Shore.
Harwood's research at Te Papa focuses on the feathers in traditional Māori feather cloaks (kahu huruhuru). She developed a technique which uses microscopic photography to identify the bird species and geographic origin of feathers used in cloaks. She has identified the feathers in all of the cloaks in Te Papa's collection.
In 2019, Harwood was involved with the study of Te Rā, the sole remaining customary Māori sail, which is held in the collection of the British Museum in London. She was able to identify which species of birds the feathers in the sail were from.

## Personal life

Harwood is a member of the Ngāpuhi tribe (iwi).
# Heinrich of Meissen

Heinrich of Meissen (died 24 June 1240) was Bishop of Meissen from December 1228 to his death.
Heinrich was probably a member of the Von Plaue family, ministeriales of the Archbishop of Magdeburg. Before his elevation, he was provost of the Magdeburg Cathedral chapter. He seems to have enjoyed the favour of the Emperor Frederick II, who granted him the rights to the metal mines discovered within the boundaries of the church of Meissen, as well as to auriferous, or gold-bearing, rivers and bodies of waters: in the deed of grant the Emperor refers to the bishop as dilectus princeps ("beloved prince"). (There is however no extant original of this deed, and some authorities consider it a forgery, for example, Hubert Ermisch).
In 1237 Heinrich was with the Emperor on his campaign to Brescia, preparatory to the Siege of Brescia in the following year.
# Jamhuri Jazz Band

Jamhuri Jazz Band was a dance band founded as the Nyamwezi Jazz Band in the late 1950s in Tanga, Tanzania, when the country was known as Tanganyika. At the time dance bands were known as "jazz bands" in East Africa, even if they did not play jazz music. It was renamed the Jamhuri Jazz Band in 1966 on the orders of the government of Tanzania because of the tribalism indicated by the word "Nyamwezi". It gained nationwide popularity. Jamhuri Jazz played a key role in the spread of the Congolese rumba sound throughout East Africa in the early seventies.
Wilson Kinyonga and George Kinyonga joined the band in 1966 and played with it for the next four years before leaving in December 1970 to form Arusha Jazz Band and later Simba Wanyika, one of the most influential music groups in East Africa. Jamhuri Jazz Band started as Young Nyamwezi Jazz Band and was financed and managed by Joseph Bagabuje and recruited John Kijiko.
# NK Mladost Cernik

NK Mladost Cernik is a Croatian football club based in the village of Cernik in the Brod-Posavina County in Slavonia. As of 2016, Mladost Cernik is currently playing in Croatian Third Football League East.
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