OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Saddle-node bifurcation

In the mathematical area of bifurcation theory a saddle-node bifurcation, tangential bifurcation or fold bifurcation is a local bifurcation in which two fixed points (or equilibria) of a dynamical system collide and annihilate each other. The term 'saddle-node bifurcation' is most often used in reference to continuous dynamical systems. In discrete dynamical systems, the same bifurcation is often instead called a fold bifurcation. Another name is blue sky bifurcation in reference to the sudden creation of two fixed points.
If the phase space is one-dimensional, one of the equilibrium points is unstable (the saddle), while the other is stable (the node).
Saddle-node bifurcations may be associated with hysteresis loops and catastrophes.

## Normal form

A typical example of a differential equation with a saddle-node bifurcation is:
    ${\frac {dx}{dt}}=r+x^{2}.$
Here $x$ is the state variable and $r$ is the bifurcation parameter.
* If $r<0$ there are two equilibrium points, a stable equilibrium point at $-{\sqrt {-r}}$ and an unstable one at $+{\sqrt {-r}}$.
* At $r=0$ (the bifurcation point) there is exactly one equilibrium point. At this point the fixed point is no longer hyperbolic. In this case the fixed point is called a saddle-node fixed point.
* If $r>0$ there are no equilibrium points.
In fact, this is a normal form of a saddle-node bifurcation. A scalar differential equation ${\tfrac {dx}{dt}}=f(r,x)$ which has a fixed point at $x=0$ for $r=0$ with ${\tfrac {\partial f}{\partial x}}(0,0)=0$ is locally topologically equivalent to ${\frac {dx}{dt}}=r\pm x^{2}$, provided it satisfies ${\tfrac {\partial ^{2}\!f}{\partial x^{2}}}(0,0)\neq 0$ and ${\tfrac {\partial f}{\partial r}}(0,0)\neq 0$. The first condition is the nondegeneracy condition and the second condition is the transversality condition.

## Example in two dimensions

An example of a saddle-node bifurcation in two dimensions occurs in the two-dimensional dynamical system:
    ${\frac {dx}{dt}}=\alpha -x^{2}$
    ${\frac {dy}{dt}}=-y.$
As can be seen by the animation obtained by plotting phase portraits by varying the parameter $\alpha$,
* When $\alpha$ is negative, there are no equilibrium points.
* When $\alpha =0$, there is a saddle-node point.
* When $\alpha$ is positive, there are two equilibrium points: that is, one saddle point and one node (either an attractor or a repellor).
Other examples are in modelling biological switches. Recently, it was shown that under certain conditions, the Einstein field equations of General Relativity have the same form as a fold bifurcation. A non-autonomous version of the saddle-node bifurcation (i.e. the parameter is time-dependent) has also been studied.
# East Suffolk District Council elections

Elections of members of East Suffolk District Council in Suffolk, England are held every four years, following the merger of Waveney and Suffolk Coastal districts to form the new East Suffolk district in April 2019. 55 councillors are elected to the chamber, with 29 wards each electing either one, two or three representatives. The first elections to East Suffolk District Council were held on 2 May 2019.

## Council elections

* 2019 East Suffolk District Council election
* 2023 East Suffolk District Council election

## Results maps

* 2019 results map
* 2023 results map

## By-election results
### 2019-2023

Beccles and Worlingham By-Election 6 May 2021 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Green | Sarah Plummer | 2,374 | 48.9 | −16.1 |
| | Conservative | Mark Bee | 2,062 | 42.5 | +20.4 |
| | Labour | Dom Taylor | 418 | 8.6 | +3.9 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 312 | 6.4 | |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 4,854 | | |
| | Green hold | Green hold | Swing | | |
Framlingham By-Election 6 May 2021 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Conservative | Lydia Freeman | 1,508 | 52.7 | +17.9 |
| | Green | Beth Keys-Holloway | 1,036 | 36.2 | +7.8 |
| | Labour | Paul Richards | 318 | 11.1 | −1.8 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 472 | 16.5 | |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 2,862 | | |
| | Conservative hold | Conservative hold | Swing | | |
Aldeburgh and Leiston By-Election 8 July 2021 (2 seats) :
| Party | Candidate | Votes |
| Green | Thomas Daly | 1,110 |
| Conservative | Russ Rainger | 1,103 |
| Green | Matt Oakley | 1,101 |
| Conservative | Andrew Reid | 1,006 |
| Labour | Ian Ilett | 355 |
| Labour | Mark Turner | 311 |
| Communist | Steve Marsling | 61 |
| Green gain from Conservative | Green gain from Conservative | Swing |
| Conservative hold | Conservative hold | Swing |
Orwell and Villages By-Election 12 August 2021 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Conservative | Mick Richardson | 873 | 45.9 | +10.9 |
| | Liberal Democrats | Michael Ninnmey | 800 | 42.0 | +42.0 |
| | Labour | David Rowe | 230 | 12.1 | −1.5 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 73 | 3.8 | |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 1,903 | | |
| | Conservative hold | Conservative hold | Swing | | |

### 2023-2027

Carlton Colville By-Election 4 July 2024 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Conservative | Letitia Smith | 1,474 | 34.9 |
| | Labour | Lewis Weller | 1,303 | 30.9 |
| | Liberal Democrats | Adam Robertson | 923 | 21.9 |
| | Independent | Paul Light | 520 | 12.3 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 171 | 4.1 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 4,220 | |
| | Conservative hold | Conservative hold | Swing | |
# Xavi Molina

Francesc Xavier "Xavi" Molina Arias (born 19 July 1986) is a Spanish footballer who plays for Reus FCR as a central defender or a defensive midfielder.

## Club career

Born in La Canonja, Tarragona, Catalonia, Molina graduated from local CF Reus Deportiu's youth academy, but made his senior debut while on loan at UE Rapitenca in the Tercera División. After being sparingly used in his return he rejoined the latter club for the 2007–08 season, where he excelled.
Molina was an undisputed starter for Reus the following campaign, appearing in 30 matches and scoring once as the team missed out promotion in the play-offs. In the summer of 2009, he signed for CD Alcoyano of the Segunda División B.
After being a regular in his first year at Alcoy, Molina missed most of his second (which ended in promotion) due to injury. On 17 December 2011 he played his first match as a professional, coming on as a second-half substitute in a 3–2 away loss against Real Murcia in the Segunda División.
Molina moved to CD Atlético Baleares of the third division on 31 July 2012. On 13 July of the following year, he joined Gimnàstic de Tarragona in the same league, earning another promotion at the end of 2014–15. He scored his first goal in the second tier on 23 August 2015, his side's first in the 2–2 home draw with Albacete Balompié.
On 7 June 2018, aged nearly 32, Molina moved abroad for the first time in his career after signing for K.A.S. Eupen. His first appearance in top-flight football took place on 29 July, in a 5–2 Belgian First Division A defeat at Club Brugge KV.
Molina returned to his country and its lower leagues subsequently, representing Córdoba CF and CF Badalona.
# Amanda Masono Getsi

Amanda Masono Getsi is a member of the House of Representatives in the Autonomous Region of Bougainville in Papua New Guinea (PNG).

## Early life

Amanda Masono Getsi is from the Carteret Islands, located to the north-east of Bougainville Island. They are part of the Buka District of the Autonomous Region of Bougainville. Her father is Raymond Masono, who was vice-president of the Autonomous Region from 2017 to 2020 in the government of John Momis. She obtained an undergraduate degree from the University of Papua New Guinea in 2008.

## Career

After graduating, Getsi spent five years working for PNG's Division of Law and Justice, before studying for a master's of law from the University of Melbourne in Australia, which she obtained in 2017. Returning to Bougainville, she played an important role in preparations for the Bougainville Referendum Commission, being appointed director of the referendum. The Commission was established in 2018 under the chairmanship of the former Taoiseach of Ireland, Bertie Ahern, to supervise the non-binding referendum on independence from PNG. Held in 2019, the referendum resulted in a 98.31% vote in favour of independence. During the referendum, Getsi worked as External Relations Manager, supporting the media, observers and scrutineers.
In the September 2020 elections in the Autonomous Region of Bougainville, Getsi ran for election for the Bougainville Northern Region women's seat, one of three seats that are reserved for women in Bougainville's parliament. She was elected, as was her father.
# Khost Mosque

The Great Mosque of Khost (Pashto: د خوست لوی جماعت) or simply the Khost Mosque is the largest mosque in the city of Khost, in southeastern Afghanistan. It can hold up to 2,000 worshipers during any prayer.
The city of Khost has a number of other smaller mosques, which are also reported in the news as Khost mosques.
# French frigate Iris (1781)

The French frigate Iris was a Magicienne-class frigate, one of seven, launched at Toulon in 1781 for the French Navy. : Between 1781 and 1784, there were two French frigates Iris, this newly launched frigate, and the former USS Hancock, which the British had captured in 1781 in the American theatre and renamed Iris, and which the French had captured in 1781 and sold in 1784. The British captured the new Iris at Toulon on 28 August 1793, and burned her on their evacuation of the city in December.

## Fate

When the Royalist French surrendered Toulon to Lord Hood in 1793, they found Iris dismantled and being used as a powder hulk. As the republicans advanced on the town, the Anglo-Spanish forces evacuated, destroying the arsenal and as many ships as they could of those that they could not sail out of the port. Captain Sidney Smith took charge of a small squadron of three English and three Spanish gunboats and went into the inner harbour to scuttle the ships. Against orders, instead of sinking one of the frigates, the Spanish crew of one gunboat set the frigate alight. The vessel, possibly Iris, was being used to store one thousand barrels of gunpowder. The resulting explosion blew the British gun boat Terrible, commanded by Lieutenant Patey, to pieces; however, the men were picked up alive. Another British gunboat, Union, which was nearest to Iris, too was blown to pieces; her commander, Mr Young, was killed, together with three of his men. At least one other powder hulk, French frigate Montréal, was also destroyed in the evacuation, and Iris was recorded as being one of those burnt in the retreat.

## Citations

* ↑ Mostert. The Line Upon the Wind. p. 105.
* 1 2 Winfield. British Warships. p. 232.
* ↑ Mostert. The Line Upon the Wind. p. 116.
* 1 2 3 4 Mostert. The Line Upon the Wind. p. 117.
* 1 2 Gardner p.104
* ↑ von Pivka p.38
* ↑ Henry G. Bohn, "Battles of the British Navy", Joseph Allen, ESQ. R.N., Volume 1, 1853, pp. 369–370
# Celsinho (footballer, born 1996)

Celso Casimiro Domingos (born 12 July 1996 in Faro) known as Celsinho, is a Portuguese professional footballer who plays for Valadares Gaia as a defender.

## Football career

On 16 September 2015, Celsinho made his professional debut with Farense in a 2015–16 Segunda Liga match against Braga B.
# Gwen Bridge

Gwen Bridge is an environmental scientist and conservation advocate. Her work has focused on sustainable land management practices to help facilitate the cultural preservation of Indigenous communities across North America.

## Early life and education

Gwen Bridge was raised near Nelson, British Columbia and is of Saddle Lake Cree Nation heritage. Her father was an environmental activist who advocated to protect natural parklands. Bridge completed her Bachelor of Science in environmental studies and geography at the University of Victoria and her M.Sc. at the University of Alberta in forest hydrology.

## Work and advocacy

Bridge began her career as a field hydrologist and later became more focused on providing strategic planning, title and rights protection strategies and policy development and analysis for First Nations with respect to resource management.
Bridge's work has largely focused on the concept of combining the fields of hydrology, ecology and conservation biology together with traditional indigenous knowledge and expertise. She believes that the outcome of unifying these scientific fields with traditional indigenous experience would lead not only to improvements in biodiversity conservation, but would also promote cultural sustainability and resilience.
Her work includes collaborations with the Mescalero Apache, the Makah Tribe and the Okanagan Nation. She was the Chair of the Syilx Working Group which conducted the South Okanagan Similkameen National Park Reserve Feasibility Study. Bridge has worked on facilitating relationships between First Nations and other levels of government such as Parks Canada and the Canadian Wildlife Service.
Bridge has recently commented on the negative effects of logging and road-building on the caribou population of south-eastern British Columbia.

## Personal life

Gwen Bridge lives in British Columbia with her husband and four children.
# Xavi Pérez

Francisco Javier 'Xavi' Pérez Pérez (born 26 February 1984 in Santa Margarida de Montbui, Barcelona, Catalonia) is a Spanish footballer. Mainly a central defender, he can also play as a defensive midfielder.
# Baghat, Hormozgan

Baghat (Persian: باغات) is a village in Daragah Rural District of the Central District of Hajjiabad County, Hormozgan province, Iran.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the village's population was 1,279 in 338 households. The following census in 2011 counted 1,313 people in 371 households. The 2016 census measured the population of the village as 1,347 people in 422 households. It was the most populous village in its rural district.
# Saleh Foroutan

Saleh Foroutannik (Persian: صالح فروتن‌نیک, born 1994 in Mashhad) is an Iranian professional basketball player. He currently plays for Petrochimi Bandar Imam in the Iranian Super League as well as for the Iranian national basketball team, as a power forward and center. He is 6'8" in height.

## 2012 FIBA Asia Cup

Foroutan invited to Iran national team attending the fourth FIBA Asia Cup (2012), when he was just 17 years old. Iran finally won the tournament and Foroutan enjoyed playing aside Iranian big stars like Nikkhah Bahrami, Afagh and Sahakian. "Even practicing with senior players has been a great experience." Foroutan said.
# Coronas (footballer)

Pedro Emanuel Moreira de Sousa (born 19 September 1990 in Rans, Penafiel), commonly known as Coronas, is a Portuguese professional footballer who plays mainly as a right-back for F.C. Alpendorada.
# Seward Township, Illinois

Seward Township, Illinois may refer to one of the following townships:
* Seward Township, Kendall County, Illinois
* Seward Township, Winnebago County, Illinois

## See Also

* Seward Township
# Władysław Podkowiński

Władysław Podkowiński (Polish:; 4 February 1866 – 5 January 1895) was a Polish master painter and illustrator associated with the Young Poland movement during the Partition period.

## Career

Podkowiński was born in Warsaw and began his artistic training at Wojciech Gerson's drawing school, he then transferred to the Warsaw Academy of Fine Arts where he studied between 1880 and 1884. After graduating, Podkowinski began to contribute to many of the leading art journals in Warsaw at the time. In 1885, he travelled, along with Józef Pankiewicz, to the Imperial Academy of Arts where he studied from 1885 to 1886. Returning from St. Petersburg in 1886, Podkowiński obtained a position of an illustrator for the Tygodnik Ilustrowany magazine where he became one its most renowned artists.
His first watercolor and oil paintings were produced during this time, but Podkowiński still considered them personal, not a public endeavor. Those early paintings were mainly influenced by Aleksander Gierymski. He adopted painting as a profession after a trip to Paris in 1889, where he was profoundly influenced by French Impressionist painters including Claude Monet. Podkowiński was later credited for bringing the Impressionist movement to Poland, but toward the end of his life, his failing health inclined him toward Symbolism. He died in Warsaw at the very early age of 28 due to tuberculosis.
His best known painting, Frenzy of Exultations (Szał uniesień), exhibited first in Zachęta, is surrounded by the turn-of-the-century atmosphere of scandal and public outcry. In 1894, it was featured in a Warsaw art exhibition and violently criticized. The exhibition lasted only 36 days because Podkowinski brought a knife on the 37th day, and slashed his work on display. The painting was restored after his death and is prominently exhibited at the Sukiennice Museum in Kraków.

## Selected paintings

* Study of a Blonde, National Museum in Warsaw
* Nowy Świat on a Summer Day, National Museum in Warsaw
* Village by the Water, National Museum in Poznań
* Children in the garden, National Museum in Warsaw
* Frenzy of Exultations, National Museum in Kraków
* The Encounter, National Museum in Wrocław
# Bubista

Pedro Leitão Brito (born 6 January 1970), commonly known as Bubista, is a former Cape Verdean footballer who plays as a centre-back, current manager of the Cape Verde national team. His nickname comes from the creole form of Boa Vista, his birthplace.

## Club career

In 1995, Bubista joined Spanish Segunda División club Badajoz, making two league appearances in his single season at the club. In 1997, Bubista joined Angolan club ASA. Bubista played for ASA for six seasons, before returning to his native Cape Verde, joining Falcões do Norte in 2003.

## International career

In 1991, Bubista made his debut for Cape Verde. Bubista later captained the country, making 28 appearances for Cape Verde during his career.

## Managerial career

Following his playing career, Bubista managed domestic Cape Verdean clubs Mindelense, Académica do Mindelo, Sporting Clube da Praia and Batuque. In January 2020, he was named manager of Cape Verde.

### Managerial record

    As of match played 19 November 2024
Managerial record by team and tenure :
| Team | Nat | From | To | Record | Record | Record | Record | Record | Ref. |
| Team | Nat | From | To | G | W | D | L | Win % | Ref. |
| Cape Verde | | January 2020 | present | 49 | 23 | 10 | 16 | 046.94 | |
| Career Total | Career Total | Career Total | Career Total | 49 | 23 | 10 | 16 | 046.94 | — |
# Peyton Aldridge

Peyton James Aldridge (born November 10, 1995) is an American professional basketball player for Petkim Spor of the Turkish Basketball Super League (BSL) and the Champions League. He played college basketball for Davidson.

## High school career

Aldridge scored 1,735 points in his career at LaBrae High School, a school record. He was also a highly rated quarterback prospect in high school, though basketball remained his favorite sport. Davidson coach Bob McKillop offered him a scholarship after he broke his jaw in a tournament and played the next game anyway. Despite getting looks from the likes of Nick Saban, Aldridge opted not to play football as a senior to focus on basketball.

## College career

He averaged 9.4 points and 5.1 rebounds in his freshman year at Davidson. With the graduation of Tyler Kalinoski, Aldridge had a more prominent role as a sophomore, averaging 15.5 points and a team-best 6.5 rebounds per game. As a junior, he was named to the Second team All-Atlantic 10. He averaged 20.5 points per game as a second option to Jack Gibbs.
Aldridge scored his 2,000th point in a Davidson uniform in a win against Fordham on February 21, 2018. Aldridge scored 45 points in a triple overtime loss to St. Bonaventure on February 28, and was named CBS Sports player of the week. As a senior, Aldridge averaged 21.3 points per game, leading Davidson to a third-place finish in the Atlantic 10. He was named conference co-Player of the Year with Jaylen Adams.

## Professional career

After going undrafted in the 2018 NBA draft, Aldridge was later included in the 2018 NBA Summer League roster of the Utah Jazz. On July 22, 2018, Aldridge went to Italy and signed with Vanoli Cremona where he averaged 11.5 points in 29 games. The Memphis Grizzlies added Aldridge to their 2019 summer league roster.
On September 2, 2019, Aldridge signed with Afyon Belediye of the Turkish Basketball Super League. He averaged 11.0 points and 4.9 rebounds per game, shooting 44.2% from the 3-point arc.
On July 2, 2020, Aldridge signed with Bahçeşehir Koleji. He averaged 4.6 points and 2.6 rebounds per game.
On July 22, 2021, Aldridge signed with Petkim Spor of the Turkish Basketball Super League (BSL).

## Personal life

Aldridge is the son of Rick and Lisa Aldridge. He has one sibling, Courtney.
On July 19, 2024, Aldridge married Sara Price in Columbiana, Ohio.
# Why Me? (1984 film)

Why Me? is a 1984 American made-for-television film directed by Fielder Cook and starring Glynnis O'Connor and Armand Assante.

## Premise

Air Force nurse Leola Mae Harmon is about to leave the military in 1968 when her face is terribly disfigured in a car crash in which she also loses her baby, while the drunk driver who caused the crash receives leniency. Traumatized further when her marriage breaks up after the accident, Leola falls under the care of Air Force surgeon James Stallings. Stallings fights the service's medical bureaucracy to repair Leola's face with several radical procedures over 20 reconstructive surgeries, while Leola befriends a disfigured boy hospitalized in the same facility. Stallings and Leola also fall in love by the time Dr. Stallings's work achieves the final results for her.
The film is based on the real-life story of Leola Mae Harmon and James Stallings, who married in 1971. The marriage lasted five years; Leola remarried happily in 1982 and continued her nursing career. She died of multiple organ failure in 1998. Stallings became a noted plastic and voice surgeon who pioneered vocal reconstructive surgery. He, too, remarried happily, but after being diagnosed with Epstein-Barr Syndrome in 1987, the disease interfered with his work until his suicide in 1991.
# César Fonte

César André Lima Fonte (born 10 December 1986) is a Portuguese cyclist, who currently rides for UCI Continental team Rádio Popular–Paredes–Boavista.

## Major results
### 2012

    1st Stage 3 Volta a Portugal

### 2014

    5th Overall Troféu Joaquim Agostinho

### 2015

    1st Mountains classification GP Liberty Seguros
    2nd Clássica Loulé
    5th Klasika Primavera

### 2016

    8th Overall Volta ao Alentejo

### 2018

    2nd Overall Volta Internacional Cova da Beira
       1st Stage 2
    5th Road race, National Road Championships
    6th Overall Vuelta a la Comunidad de Madrid
    8th Overall GP Nacional 2 de Portugal
    10th Overall Vuelta a Asturias
# Neotherium

Neotherium mirum is an extinct species of basal walrus. It was smaller than living forms and it did not have long tusks. Males were larger than females.

## Palaeoecology

Stable isotope evidence indicates that in the eastern North Pacific, Neotherium had intermediate foraging habits between the nearshore specialist Pithanotaria and the offshore specialist Allodesmus.