OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Ensi (Sumerian)

Ensi (cuneiform: 𒑐𒋼𒋛 pa.te.si Sumerian: ensik, "lord of the plowland"; Emesal dialect: umunsik; Akkadian: iššakkum) was a Sumerian title designating the ruler or prince of a city-state. Originally it may have designated an independent ruler, but in later periods the title presupposed subordinance to a lugal.
For the Early Dynastic Period (about 2800–2350 BC), the meaning of the titles en, ensi and lugal cannot be differentiated clearly: see lugal, ensi and en for details. Ensi may have originally been a designation of the ruler restricted to Lagash and Umma. The ensi was considered a representative of the city-state's patron deity. In later periods, an ensi was normally seen as subordinate to a lugal. Nevertheless, even the powerful rulers of the Second Dynasty of Lagash (c. 2100 BC) such as Gudea were satisfied with the title ensi.
During the Third Dynasty of Ur (about 2100–2000 BC) ensi referred to the provincial governors of the kingdom. These exercised great powers in terms of government, tax revenue and jurisdiction, but they were supervised, installed, and dismissed by the lugal of Ur. Although the office could be inherited, all ensi had to be endorsed by the lugal. No independent foreign policy or warfare was allowed.
In the city-state of Assur, the hereditary ruler bore the Akkadian-language version of the title ensi, while the patron deity was regarded as šarrum "king".
They held most political power in Sumerian city-states during the Uruk period (c. 4100–2900 BC).

## Sources

* ↑ John Allan Halloran: Sumerian Lexicon. Logogram Publishing, Los Angeles (Cal.) 2006.
* ↑ "ePSD: ensik[ruler]". psd.museum.upenn.edu. Retrieved 2017-08-31.
* ↑ Horst Klengel (Hrsg.): Kulturgeschichte des alten Vorderasiens. Akademie Verlag, Berlin 1989.
* ↑ Saggs, H. W. F. 1988, The Greatness That Was Babylon (revised edition)
* ↑ Dietz Otto Edzard: Geschichte Mesopotamiens. C.H. Beck, München 2004.
* ↑ Jacobsen, Thorkild (Ed) (1939),"The Sumerian King List" (Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago; Assyriological Studies, No. 11.)
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# Lar Htaung Htan

Lal Thawng Thang (Burmese: လာလ်ထောင်ထန်း) is a Burmese politician who currently serves as Minister of Chin Ethnic Affairs for Sagaing Region and Chin Parliamentary MP for Chin .

## Political career

In the 2015 Myanmar general election, he was elected as a Sagaing Region Hluttaw MP, winning a majority of 33,987 votes from Chin parliamentary constituency. He also serving as a Regional Minister of Chin Ethnic Affairs for Sagaing Region .
# William Morton (tenor)

William Jacob Morton (27 September 1912 – 10 February 1995) was a Canadian tenor, opera director, and voice teacher born in Deloraine, Manitoba. He first studied singing with Alicia Birkett in Regina, and later with Albert Whitehead and James Rosselino in Toronto. He made his professional singing debut in 1932 and made his debut radio broadcast in 1933 on CKCK. He was a regular on CBC Radio from the mid-1930s through the 1950s and was also one of the leading tenors of the CBC Opera Company during the 1940s. With the CBC he notably performed the title role in the Canadian premiere of Benjamin Britten's Peter Grimes in 1949. From 1942 to 1951 he was a member of the CBC vocal quartet the Four Gentlemen which were a main feature of the radio program 'Carry On Canada'. In the 1950s he moved to Vancouver and was offered tenure by UBC but rejected. Later in the 50s he founded the Vancouver Opera Society. He died in February 1995 at the age of 82.
# Tenaturris terpna

Tenaturris terpna is an extinct species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Mangeliidae.

## Description

The length of the shell attains 9.1 mm, its diameter 3.6 mm.
(Original description) The medium-sized shell is moderately stout. The protoconch is as described under the genus. The anal notch is relatively shallow.
The sculpture consists of axial ribs, weakly overridden by fine spiral threads. The axials of the first three whorls are relatively broad and far apart, those on remaining whorls narrow and more closely spaced (23 on the body whorl). Interspaces bear microscopic frosted spirals.

## Distribution

This extinct marine species can be found in Pliocene strata of the Bowden Formation, Jamaica; age range: 3.6 to 2.588 Ma
# Santa Maria della Presentazione

Santa Maria della Presentazione may refer to:
* Santa Maria della Presentazione, Rome
* Santa Maria della Presentazione (Venice)
# Witten Limestone

The Witten Limestone is a geologic formation in Virginia. It preserves fossils dating back to the Ordovician period.
# John Beargrease Dog Sled Race

The John Beargrease Sled Dog Race is a dogsled race held along the North Shore of Lake Superior in northeast Minnesota. At 400 miles, it is the longest sled dog race in the lower 48 states. The "Beargrease" is a qualifier for the famed Iditarod race in Alaska.
The name of the race honors John Beargrease, a winter mail carrier who traveled by dog sled between Two Harbors, Minnesota and Grand Portage, Minnesota during the last two decades of the nineteenth century.
The race has been held every January since 1980, and starts from Billy's Bar in Duluth, Minnesota.
The race was rerouted in 2019, and the course was shortened by 70 miles, due to lack of snow.
In 2022 the race was won by Ryan Anderson from Cushing, Wisconsin. It was Anderson's fourth win. Soft snow due to warm temperatures caused 13 mushers to drop out of the race before finishing. Winning time was two days and just over 6.5 hours.
# Matilda Boson

Matilda Boson (born 4 December 1981) is a Swedish former handball player who played for the Sweden women's national handball team. She participated in the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, where Sweden finished eighth. She was also part of the Swedish team at the 2012 Summer Olympics.
As a senior player, she primarily played as a right wing, although she had played in the back positions until around age 18 and was occasionally used in those positions throughout her career.
# Ian MacLeod Distillers

Ian MacLeod Distillers Ltd. is an independent, family-owned, Scottish concern which produces Scotch whisky and other spirits. Ian MacLeod is based in Broxburn, Scotland. It was founded by Leonard Russell, Snr. in 1933. They own three single malt whisky distilleries: Glengoyne, Tamdhu, and Rosebank. They also produce a number of other distilled spirits including Edinburgh Gin and Smokehead Islay Whisky.
The company is a member of the Scotch Whisky Association.

## History

Ian MacLeod traces its roots to the whisky brokerage founded in October 1933 by Leonard Russell, Snr. The Russell Brokers firm acquired Ian MacLeod & Co., Ltd. in March 1963 followed in May 1963 by the purchase of Isle of Skye Blended Whisky. In March 1968 the King Robert II line of spirits was acquired.
In May 1981 Ian MacLeod, in conjunction with J & G Grant, opened Broxburn Bottlers, Ltd.
In September 1990, Ian MacLeod acquired London Hill Gin, a brand that dates back to 1785. In May 1996 Watson's Rums were brought on board and in September 1998 Hedges & Butler Blended Scotch and Wincarnis Tonic Wines were added to the portfolio.
The company officially became Ian MacLeod Distillers with the acquisition of the Glengoyne Distillery in April 2003. Glengoyne along with Langs Blended Whisky were purchased from Highland Distillers. In January 2006 Smokehead Islay Whisky was introduced by the company.
In June 2011, Ian MacLeod added another mothballed distillery from Highland Distillesr, Tamdhu Distillery. The brand was re-launched in in May 2013 at the Speyside Whisky Festival. In September 2016 Spencerfield Spirits was acquired, bringing Edinburgh Gin, Pig's Nose, Sheep Dip and The Feathery Scotch Whiskies into the fold. In October 2017 MacLeod bought the trademark for Rosebank Distillery from Diageo and the distillery site from Scottish Canals with the intention of reopening the distillery.

## Distilleries

* Glengoyne Distillery (founded 1833)
* Tamdhu Distillery (founded 1896)
* Rosebank Distillery (founded 1840)

## Brands
### Core brands

* Glengoyne Highland single malt Scotch whisky
* Tamdhu Speyside single malt Scotch whisky
* Smokehead Islay single malt Scotch whisky
* King Robert II blended Scotch whisky
* Isle of Skye blended Scotch whisky
* Edinburgh Gin
# Lady Yeonchang

Lady Yeonchang of the Gyeongju Choi clan (Korean: 연창궁부인 최씨; Hanja: 延昌宮夫人 崔氏) was the third wife of King Seongjong of Goryeo and the mother of Queen Wonhwa.
She came from Gyeongju, Gyeongsang Province as the daughter of Confucianism Scholar Choi Haeng-eon. The Gyeongju Choi family never had marriage relationships with a Goryeo Royal member, so this marriage was unusual at that time. During King Seongjong's reign, he changed the past traditional political structure and actively introduced the Confucian political system to improve the national system. Around 1017, her son-in-law gave his 2nd wife's maternal families, the Gyeongju Choi clan royal titles and ranks, and Choi then known as Grand Lady of the Nakrang County (낙랑군대부인; 樂浪郡大夫人).

## In popular culture

* Portrayed by Kim Yoon-hee in the 2009 KBS2 TV series Empress Cheonchu.
# Fortunato Quispe Mendoza

Fortunato Quispe Mendoza (7 October 1934 – 14 January 2022) was a Bolivian-Dominican professional football manager.

## Career

Quispe Mendoza did his first studies in the school Simón Bolívar, and secondary in the National Simon Bolivar College in Bolivia. He had degrees in Political Science, Media Education mention Social Sciences and Physical Education mention Football.
His university studies were conducted at the University of San Simón in Cochabamba, Bolivia, as well as the National University of Mexico (UNAM), at the University of San Juan, Puerto Rico (UPR) at the Technical University of Santo Domingo and the Central University for Professional Studies (UCDEP).
Quispe Mendoza arrived in the Dominican Republic in the turbulent months of 1965, specifically the May 4th international representative of ILO work at times.
Quispe Mendoza possesses a spotless record of service in the Dominican sports. Founded and was the first coach of the Inter-School Football League in 1966, he created and was the leader of the National League for Child and Youth Football (1967).
In 1968, he founded and served as coach and mentor first-team first division of Aurora, where every player was genuinely Dominican and selected public schools and neighborhoods.
By 1969 he founded and was the first coach of First Division UASD, was responsible for creating the first Dominican Football Federation, in the capital city, on August 6, 1970.
He was promoter and founder of several associations and clubs in much of the Dominican Republic, giving teaching of football throughout the country.
From 1967 to 1974 he coached Dominican Republic national football team. As national coach, he led at the 1970 FIFA World Cup in Mexico (1968), at the XI Central American and Caribbean Games in Panama (1970), at the VI Pan American Games in Cali, Colombia (1971); Youth Cup CONCACAF in Cuba (1972), at the XII Central American and Caribbean Games in Santo Domingo (1974) and the Youth Football Championship CONCACAF in San Juan, Puerto Rico (1976), among other achievements as a leader.
On 21 May 2004, in France, the FIFA honored him as Football Person Century, to mark the centenary of FIFA.
Quispe Mendoza later occupied the first vice president of the Dominican Football Federation.
Quispe Mendoza died on 14 January 2022, at the age of 87.
# Wohlgeschichtete Kalk Formation

The Wohlgeschichtete Kalk Formation is a geologic formation in Germany. It preserves fossils dating back to the Jurassic period.
# Canadian Catholic News

Canadian Catholic News (CCN) is a co-operative news service that serves Catholic media across Canada. Its mission is to provide a comprehensive and accurate portrayal of the Catholic Church's activities and initiatives nationwide. By uniting Catholic media, CCN aims to present stories about the Church, Catholics, and issues affecting them in Canada accurately and informatively.

## History

Efforts to foster collaboration among Canadian Catholic newspapers began in the 1970s when the Canadian Conference of Catholic Bishops (CCCB) initiated discussions to encourage cooperation between French- and English-language publications. These discussions laid the groundwork for what would later become CCN.
The 1984 visit of Pope John Paul II to Canada was a pivotal moment. Catholic newspapers collaborated to cover the papal visit, marking the first coordinated effort to share news nationally. This initiative highlighted the need for a formal news-sharing network. CCN was officially established in May 1988 with several founding newspapers joining the co-operative.
Over the decades, CCN has embraced technological advancements, transitioning from manual typewriters and mail to computers, email, and a secure internal website for story sharing. Key milestones in its history include:
* Launching an Ottawa bureau in 1992 to provide national coverage from the Parliamentary Press Gallery.
* Building partnerships with Catholic News Service (CNS) in Washington, D.C., the Catholic Media Association, and the Canadian Christian Communicators Association.

## Current status

As of November 2024, CCN remains a vital resource for Catholic news in Canada. Collaborating with various Catholic media organizations, CCN ensures its coverage reflects the diverse perspectives within the Catholic community. Its journalistic integrity is evident in reporting that seeks to inform and engage readers on issues significant to the Catholic faith.
In addition to reporting, CCN supports educational initiatives. For example, it offers courses like Telling Truth in Charity, which emphasizes ethical reporting aligned with Catholic values. These courses aim to cultivate a new generation of journalists dedicated to meaningful discourse on Catholic topics in Canada.

## Future plans

Looking ahead, CCN has outlined several strategic goals:
* Enhanced Collaboration: Strengthening partnerships among Catholic media outlets to create a unified presence in the media landscape.
* Educational Expansion: Offering comprehensive training programs in Catholic journalism to prepare journalists for the challenges of modern media while staying true to Catholic teachings.
These efforts aim to ensure the relevance of Catholic journalism in an increasingly digital world, while also improving resource sharing and operational efficiency across Catholic media.

## References and resources

For more information on Canadian Catholic News, visit: 1 [Canadian Catholic News](https://canadiancatholicnews.ca) 2 [B.C. Catholic Article](https://bccatholic.ca/news/canada/archives-papal-visit-helped-launch-canadian-catholic-news)
# Hanna Eriksson (swimmer, born 1984)

Hanna Eriksson (born 18 September 1984) is a Swedish freestyle and medley swimmer.
Born in Södertälje, Eriksson represented Södertälje SS. She won a silver medal at the European SC Championships 2005 in Trieste, Italy after Finnish Hanna-Maria Seppälä.
# Notobatrachus

Notobatrachus is an extinct genus of frog from the Lower Jurassic (Toarcian) Cañadon Asfalto Formation, Cañadón Asfalto Basin and Middle Jurassic La Matilde Formation, Deseado Massif of Patagonia, Argentina. N. degiustoi is the most completely known Jurassic frog and has been recorded in many outcrops of the La Matilde Formation of the Deseado Massif in southern Patagonia.

## Description

Most of the specimens of N. degiustoi are postmetamorphic individuals, with the largest individuals reaching body lengths of 15 centimetres (5.9 in), making them among the largest known frogs of the Mesozoic era, and comparable in size to many large modern frogs. CPBA-V-14003 consists of disarticulated cranial and postcranial elements, and may correspond either to a late metamorphosing tadpole or an early postmetamorphic individual. In 2024, a tadpole specimen of N. degiustoi (MPM-PV 23540) was reported from the La Matilde Formation of Argentina, representing the oldest known tadpole and the first stem-anuran larva in the fossil record. Tadpoles of this species reached lengths of 15.9 centimetres (6.3 in), among the largest recorded in frogs living or extinct.

## Ecology

Notobatrachus degiustoi lived in a floodplain environment that varied from being seasonally wet to seasonally dry. Tadpoles of Notobatrachus degiustoi are thought to have lived in ephemeral ponds that formed and disappeared seasonally. Like many living tadpoles, they are thought to have been filter feeders.

## Taxonomy

Notobatrachus is thought to be a member of the stem-group of Anura, with all living frogs more closely related to each other than Notobatrachus, though Notobatrachus is more closely related to modern frogs than earlier salientians like Triadobatrachus, Czatkobatrachus, and Prosalirus.
# FC Ros Bila Tserkva

FC Ros Bila Tserkva is a Ukrainian amateur Association football club based in Bila Tserkva, Kyiv Oblast that was expelled from the professional league after the 2010–11 season.
The club was formed in 1983.
The club's best season was in the first year competing in independent Ukraine when they finished 4th in the Ukrainian First League Group A. Since then the club has been struggling and has had numerous name changes as they find sponsors to keep the club solvent and active.
The FC Ros Bila Tserkva home ground was Trudovi Rezervy.
Colours are white shirts, black shorts.

## Team names

    Year Name 1983–88 Dynamo Irpin 1988–92 Dynamo 1992–94 Ros 1994–95 Transimpleks-Ros 1996 Ros 1997 Domobudivnyk 1997–02 Rihonda 2002– Ros

## League and cup history

    Season Div. Pos. Pl. W D L GS GA P Domestic Cup Europe Notes 1992 2nd "B" 4 26 13 5 8 40 32 31 1/32 finals 1992–93 2nd 21 42 10 15 17 40 48 35 1/32 finals Relegated 1993–94 3rd 18 42 13 9 20 35 52 35 1/64 finals 1994–95 3rd 14 42 14 7 21 41 63 49 1/64 finals 1995–96 3rd 17 40 10 9 21 28 61 39 1/128 finals 1996–97 3rd "A" 15 30 6 4 20 14 49 22 1/64 finals 1997–98 3rd "B" 15 32 7 10 15 25 45 31 1/256 finals 1998–99 3rd "B" 12 26 4 6 16 11 40 18 Did not enter 1999-00 3rd "B" 10 26 10 2 14 33 47 32 1/16 finals Second League Cup 2000–01 3rd "B" 5 28 16 2 10 34 27 50 1/32 finals Second League Cup 2001–02 3rd "B" 8 34 15 6 13 39 45 51 1/128 finals 2002–03 3rd "B" 10 30 11 6 13 24 32 39 1/32 finals 2003–04 3rd "B" 13 30 9 9 12 26 38 36 1/32 finals 2004–05 3rd "B" 6 26 12 3 11 28 33 39 1/32 finals 2005–06 3rd "B" 15 28 5 7 16 26 45 22 1/32 finals 2006–07 3rd "A" 7 28 13 4 11 36 32 43 Did not enter 2007–08 3rd "A" 11 30 8 6 16 28 49 30 Did not enter 2008–09 3rd "A" 10 32 12 8 12 38 38 44 1/64 finals 2009–10 3rd "A" 7 20 6 3 11 18 30 21 1/64 finals 2010–11 3rd "A" 11 22 3 2 17 20 58 8 1/64 finals −3

## Managers

* Yevhen Zolotnytsky (1999) (playing coach)
* Vadym Lazorenko (1999-02)
* Ihor Khimanych (2002) (interim)
* Oleksandr Holokolosov (2002)
* Ihor Khimanych (2003–)
# William Briggs & Co. Ltd

William Briggs & Co. Ltd, also known as Wm. Briggs & Co. Ltd. was a manufacturing company that produced needlework patterns and materials for embroidery. They were known for their Penelope line and were one of the largest manufacturers of art needleworks.

## History

The company was formed by William Briggs (23 April 1845 – 19 January 1922) was a woolen merchant and later a fancy goods manufacturer. In 1874, his brother John Briggs and Henry Grimshaw applied for a patent for heat-transfer patterns. William used this patented process for transferring embroidery designs. He created the shop Mrs Bidder, Art Needlework Specialist, to sell his products. In the early 1880s, a book of Briggs & Co Patent Transferring Papers was published.
Deighton's and William Briggs & Co. Ltd were involved in a legal dispute over the copyright, as William Deighton of London testified that his transfers predated the Briggs patent.
The Penelope brand was registered in 1886 and produced haberdashery and wools. This was considered the main reason for the company's success.
William Briggs & Co Ltd. was incorporated in 1895 and based in Manchester. They were once the largest manufacturers of art needlework in the world.
The company published Needlewoman and Needlecraft Journal. They also published the books Traditional Embroidery and Jacobean Crewelwork "by Penelope", which were created with Lady Smith-Dorrien.
In 1922, William Briggs died. His three sons Frank, William and Charles all worked for the family business. His daughter Alice Lilian Briggs married Sir Jocelyn Field Thorpe.
In 1939, they joined with J & P Coats Ltd, thread manufacturers from Paisley. During and after the war the continued to make and sell yarns and embroidery kits. During World War II, the Board of Trade licensed William Briggs & Co. Ltd to supply 'Penelope; Needlecraft for H.M. Forces' kits as occupational therapy to injured service personnel recovering in hospital. The kits included instructions, fabric with stencilled design, and stranded threads and was contained in an envelope with a colour illustration of the finished design. Examples of kits are held by the Imperial War Museum and the Paisley Thread Mill Museum.
In 1963, the head of William Briggs & Co. Ltd, Frank Briggs, died. J and P Coats had a controlling share of the business and continued to use the name.
In the 1970s, Briggs took over former rival firm Deighton's. Their embroidery kits continued to be popular during the 1970s and 80s.
# Michał Misiurewicz

Michał Misiurewicz (born 9 November 1948) is a Polish mathematician. He is known for his contributions to chaotic dynamical systems and fractal geometry, notably the Misiurewicz point.
Misiurewicz participated in the International Mathematical Olympiad for Poland, winning a bronze medal in 1965 and a gold medal (with perfect score and special prize) in 1966. He earned his Doctorate from University of Warsaw under supervision of Bogdan Bojarski.
In 1990 he moved to the United States, where he visited Northwestern University and Princeton University, eventually settling down at Indiana University–Purdue University Indianapolis at Indianapolis, Indiana, where he currently is a professor.
In 2012 he became a fellow of the American Mathematical Society.
# Tessé Sandstones

The Tessé Sandstones is a geologic formation in France. It preserves fossils dating back to the Jurassic period.