OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# M. V. Raghavan

Melathu Veettil Raghavan (5 May 1933 – 9 November 2014) was a veteran Communist leader and a former Minister in Kerala state of India. He was the General Secretary of the CMP, an alliance partner in the UDF. Prior to the formation of the CMP he was a prominent leader of the CPI(M).
He was expelled from the CPI(M) following an inner party struggle in which he advocated alliance with the Kerala Congress and the IUML against the official line of keeping these 2 parties out of LDF. He then formed the CMP and later joined the UDF. He was a minister in UDF governments a number of times.
He belongs to Kannur district of Kerala. His district is one of the developing zones in the country. Raghavan set up the first co-operative sector medical college in the country, Government Medical College in Kannur District. He was the key person to build the first Visha Chikitsa Kendram (Snake Venom Removal Centre) in Pappinisseri, Kannur district. His other major achievement has been the setting up of a Snake Park in Dharmasala, which has become a major tourist attraction.

## Positions held

* Member, 4th Kerala Legislative Assembly from Madayi – CPI(M)
* Member, 5th Kerala Legislative Assembly from Thaliparamba – CPI(M)
* Member, 6th Kerala Legislative Assembly from Kuthuparamba – CPI(M)
* Member, 7th Kerala Legislative Assembly from Payyannur – CPI(M)
* Member, 8th Kerala Legislative Assembly from Azhikode – CMP
* Member, 9th Kerala Legislative Assembly from Kazhakkootam – CMP
* Member, 11th Kerala Legislative Assembly from Trivandrum-West-CMP
* Minister for Co-Operation, Government of Kerala, 24 June 1991 to 9 May 1996
* Minister for Co-Operation and Ports, Government of Kerala, 17 May 2001 to 20 April 2006
* President, Pappinissery Panchayat, Kannur (16 years)

## Personal life

Raghavan was born to Shankaran Nambiar on 5 May 1933 in Kannur. He was married to Janaki. The couple have three sons, notable being M. V. Nikesh Kumar, a journalist and a daughter.
Since 2005, Raghavan was bed-ridden with advanced Parkinson's disease. He died on 9 November 2014 at the age of 81. He was cremated with full state honours at Payyambalam Beach Crematorium, near the memorials of Swadeshabhimani Ramakrishna Pillai, A. K. Gopalan, K. G. Marar and E. K. Nayanar. Janaki, his wife, died in 2021.
# MDX

MDX may refer to:

## Computing

* MDX, the 3D graphics file format used by Blizzard Entertainment
* MDX, the default disc image file format of DAEMON Tools
* Managed DirectX, an API for working with DirectX on Microsoft's .NET platform
* MultiDimensional eXpressions, a query language for OLAP databases

## Other

* Acura MDX, a sport utility vehicle introduced by Honda
* Mdx mouse, a popular model for studying Duchenne muscular dystrophy
* Miami-Dade Expressway Authority, an organization that toll expressways
* Middlesex, county in England, Chapman code
* Middlesex University, which uses the internet domain name mdx.ac.uk
* Mountain Dew MDX, an energy drink
# Luciano González (footballer)

Luciano González Groba (born 23 April 1981), sometimes known simply as Luciano, is a Spanish retired footballer who played as a right back or a central defender.
He spent the vast majority of his career in the lower leagues. His Segunda División input consisted of 68 matches during four seasons, in representation of four clubs.

## Football career

Born in Budiño, Pontevedra, Luciano grew in local RC Celta de Vigo's youth academy, but could only appear as a senior for their reserves. In 2004, he left and joined Galician neighbours Pontevedra CF, playing 28 second division games in his first season, which ended in relegation; his debut in the competition for the latter took place on 28 August 2004, when he started and ended a 0–1 home loss against Polideportivo Ejido.
In the summer of 2007, Luciano signed for another team in the second level, UD Salamanca, appearing rarely in his first year and returning to his previous club on loan. In the 2008–09 campaign he featured more for the Castile and León team, but still took part in less than one and a half of the league matches.
In the following years, Luciano competed in division three. In July 2009 he moved to Poli Ejido and, in 2011, helped Real Murcia achieve promotion, following which he was deemed surplus to requirements by manager Iñaki Alonso.
Another promotion to the second tier befell Luciano in 2012–13, now with Deportivo Alavés. The following season, he contributed with 17 appearances to their survival, after which he signed with Coruxo FC.
In the 2016 off-season, 35-year-old Luciano moved to Xuventú Sanxenxo in the Galician regional leagues. In July 2018, after one year of inactivity, he joined USD de O Grove also in the fifth division.
# Xiphogymnites

Xiphogymnites is an extinct ammonoid cephalopod genus from the Triassic included in the family Gymnitidae. It is known from the Balkans in eastern Europe.
The shell is similar to that of Gymnites, smooth, evolute, whorl section oval, venter arched, suture ammonitic, except that it has a row of tubercles on the venter followed by constrictions. Both genera are included in the Pinacoceratoidea.
# Thomas Åhrén

Bjørn Thomas Åhrén (born 4 February 1966 in Strömsund, Sweden) is a Sámi-Norwegian politician. He was a member of the Sámi Parliament of Norway from 2013 to 2017 and is currently a representative of the south Sámi constituency and will remain in this role until 2021.
Åhrén is a representative in the Norwegian Sámi Association and was a member of the Sámi Parliamentary council from 2013 to 2016. While he sat on the Sámi council, Nora Marie Bransfjell took his place in parliament as a deputy. Åhrén currently works as Technical Manager in Namdalseid Municipality.
Thomas Åhrén has a doctorate of engineering Luleå University of Technology.
# Kahurestan District

Kahurestan District (Persian: بخش کهورستان) is in Khamir County, Hormozgan province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Kahurestan, whose population at the time of the 2016 National Census was 3,418 in 1,036 households.

## History

After the census, Kahurestan Rural District was separated from the Central District in the formation of Kahurestan District.

## Demographics
### Administrative divisions

Kahurestan District :
* Administrative Divisions
* Kahurestan RD
* Latidan RD
* RD = Rural District
# Graphoceras

Graphoceras is an extinct ammonite genus included in the hildoceratacean family Graphoceratidae that lived during the Aalenian and Bajocian stages, Middle Jurassic in what is now Europe, north Africa, and Iran.
Graphoceras produced a compressed, involute shell with a raised umbilical edge and sinuous ribbing.
# Caladenia hoffmanii

Caladenia hoffmanii, commonly known as Hoffman's spider orchid, is a species of orchid endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It has a single, hairy leaf and one or two, greenish-yellow, red and white flowers which have a greenish-yellow labellum with a red tip. It is distinguished from the Pingaring spider orchid (Caladenia graniticola) by small differences in the labellum and more northerly distribution.

## Description

Caladenia hoffmanii is a terrestrial, perennial, deciduous, herb with an underground tuber and a single erect, hairy leaf, 80–150 mm (3–6 in) long and 5–10 mm (0.2–0.4 in) wide. One or two flowers 60–70 mm (2–3 in) long and 40–50 mm (1.6–2.0 in) wide are borne on a stalk 120–300 mm (5–10 in) tall. The flowers are greenish-yellow, red and white and the sepals and petals have narrow, club-like glandular tips, 2–10 mm (0.08–0.4 in) long. The dorsal sepal is erect, 20–28 mm (0.8–1 in) long and about 3 mm (0.1 in) wide at the base. The lateral sepals are about the same size as the dorsal sepal but curve downwards. The petals are 17–25 mm (0.7–1 in) long, about 2 mm (0.08 in) wide and also curve downwards. The labellum is 12–14 mm (0.5–0.6 in) long and 6–9 mm (0.2–0.4 in) wide, greenish-yellow and white. The sides of the labellum have many erect teeth up to 5 mm (0.2 in) long. The tip is dark red and curves downward (but not under). There are four close rows of red calli along the centre of the labellum, gradually decreasing in size towards the tip. Flowering occurs from August to September. Caladenia graniticola has larger calli, a more southerly distribution and different habitat.

## Taxonomy and naming

Caladenia hoffmanii was first described in 2001 by Stephen Hopper and Andrew Phillip Brown from a specimen collected in the Morseby Range and the description was published in Nuytsia. The specific epithet (hoffmanii) honours Noel Hoffman, the author of books about Western Australian orchids.

## Distribution and habitat

Hoffman's spider orchid occurs between Geraldton and the Murchison River in the Geraldton Sandplains biogeographic region where it grows under dense shrubs on rocky hillsides.

## Conservation

Caladenia hoffmanii is classified as "Threatened Flora (Declared Rare Flora — Extant)" by the Western Australian Government Department of Parks and Wildlife and it has also been listed as "Endangered" (EN) under the Australian Government Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act). The main threats to the species are grazing by feral pigs (Sus scrofa), by rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) and inappropriate fire regimes.
# Begoña Gumucio

Begoña Gumucio (born 14 January 1992) is a Chilean competitive sailor. She competed at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro, in the women's 49erFX.
# Yurlunggur

Yurlunggur is a genus of fossil snake in the extinct family Madtsoiidae containing the species Yurlunggur camfieldensis known from the Oligocene and Miocene of Australia.
Y. camfieldensis was a large apex predator that typically reached 4.5–6 m (15–20 ft) in length, with one vertebra from the Wyandotte Creek suggesting a maximum length of 7–8 m (23–26 ft). It is closely related to Wonambi naracoortensis, present in Australia during the Pleistocene.
The name of the genus is derived from traditional name given by the people of Arnhem Land to the Rainbow serpent. They closely resemble Varanus (monitors) more than small burrowing lizards. John Scanlon has presented this as evidence of descent from the former, rather than burrowing ancestors that evolved into the elongate and legless snakes. The fossil material described by this species includes a rare example of a complete skull and mandible, often crushed in the fossilisation process, that was preserved in the soft limestone of a body of fresh water. This was found at the Riversleigh fossil site in northwest Queensland.
In 2018, researchers have suggested that this genus was a fossorial or semi-fossorial animal.
# Nacobbus aberrans

Nacobbus aberrans is a plant pathogenic nematode.
# Legal Help Desk

Legal Help Desk (abbreviated as Legal HD) is a Philippine television public affairs show broadcast by Solar News Channel, 9TV and CNN Philippines. Hosted by Atty. Karen Jimeno, it aired from November 26, 2012 to February 2, 2016.
# Hôpital Cochin

The Hôpital Cochin (French pronunciation:) is a hospital of public assistance in the rue du Faubourg-Saint-Jacques Paris 14e. It houses the central burn treatment centre of the city. The Hôpital Cochin is a section of the Faculté de Médecine Paris-Cité. It commemorates Jean-Denis Cochin, curé of the parish of Saint-Jacques-du-Haut-Pas and founder of a hospital for the workers and poor of that quarter of Paris.
Since 1990, a biomedical research centre, the Institut Cochin, has been associated with the hospital. It was reorganised in 2002 to embrace genetic research, molecular biology and cellular biology, with a staff of about 600. It is part of both INSERM and CNRS, integrated with the Université Paris Cité.
In 2004 the Maison de Solenn, a shelter for adolescents, was opened within the hospital with the active support of Bernadette Chirac; its name commemorates Solenn Poivre d'Arvor.

## History

Early in the morning of 30 May 1832, the mathematician Évariste Galois was shot in the abdomen during a duel at the age of 20 and died the following morning at ten o'clock in the Cochin hospital, probably of peritonitis, after refusing the offices of a priest. He was buried in a common grave in the Montparnasse Cemetery nearby.
George Orwell also had a stay at the hospital for a bout of "La Grippe" in March 1929. He describes it in his story "How the Poor Die".
# Gravitholus

Gravitholus (meaning 'heavy dome') was a genus of pachycephalosaurid dinosaur from the late Cretaceous period (Campanian stage, around 75 million years ago). It was a pachycephalosaur, and like other pachycephalosaurids the skull roof formed a thick dome made of dense bone, which may have been used in head-butting contests over mates or territory. It lived in what is now Alberta, Canada, and was described in 1979 by W. P. Wall and Peter Galton. The type species is Gravitholus albertae.
There is some debate amongst paleontologists as to whether the animal represents a distinct genus, or if it is synonymous with Stegoceras. Some recent publications indicate it may be a valid genus. Gravitholus was initially described as one of several pachycephalosaurids known from Dinosaur Park, including Stegoceras validum, Hanssuesia sternbergi and Foraminacephale brevis. It is unclear whether all of these species would have lived in the area at the same time. A 2023 publication by Dyer et al. found Gravitholus and Hanssuesia to be synonymous with Stegoceras, thus decreasing the diversity of Dinosaur Park pachcephalosaurids to only two valid taxa. This conclusion was reached because new morphological data recovered from synchrotron scanning of the skull revealed Gravitholus to be virtually identical to mature Stegoceras.
# Luis Blanco (footballer, born 1990)

Luis Emilio Blanco Coto (born 15 January 1990) is an Andorran footballer who plays as a midfielder for Esperança and the Andorra national team.

## Career

Blanco made his international debut for Andorra on 6 September 2020 in the UEFA Nations League against the Faroe Islands, which finished as a 0–1 home loss.

## Career statistics
### International

    As of 6 September 2020
Andorra :
| Year | Apps | Goals |
| 2020 | 1 | 0 |
| Total | 1 | 0 |
# Shumarditoidea

Shumarditoidea is one of seventeen superfamilies of the Goniatitina suborder. They are an extinct group of ammonoid, which are shelled cephalopods related to squids, belemnites, octopuses, and cuttlefish, and more distantly to the nautiloids.
# Francesco Bertos

Francesco Bertos was an Italian sculptor known for his emotive and virtuosic small-scale pyramidal group sculpture. He worked primarily with bronze and produced many allegorical works. He was born and died in Dolo, a small town near Padua. Very little is known about Bertos' life. Historical records indicate his presence in Rome in 1693 and in Venice in 1710, with his activity documented until 1733 when he received a commission for two candlesticks for the basilica of Sant'Antonio (il Santo) in Padua.
Bertos' sculptures gained popularity among 18th-century Italians and tourists visiting Italy, finding their way into various collections in Europe and North America, including the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City. Notable examples of his work include the Allegory of Triumph, housed at the Art Institute of Chicago, and the sculpture America, displayed at the Walters Art Gallery in Baltimore. These bronze groups feature allegorical figures arranged in dynamic pyramid compositions, characterized by elongated and twisting figures in seemingly weightless poses reminiscent of Mannerist art. The nearly two meter high Carrera marble sculpture “La caduta degli angeli ribelli” (The fall of the rebel angels) located in Vicenza’s Palazzo Leoni Montanari is now identified as another of his works. https://gallerieditalia.com/it/vicenza/il-museo/

## Witchcraft accusations

Bertos' sculpture gained popularity for its ability to create the illusion of weightlessness despite being crafted in bronze or marble. Around 1737, he was brought before an Inquisition court and charged with witchcraft. Bertos escaped further prosecution by carving a sculpture live before his interrogators.
# Óscar Díaz (Spanish footballer)

Óscar Díaz González (born 24 April 1984) is a Spanish professional footballer who plays as a left winger or striker.
He played 271 games in Segunda División over 11 seasons, scoring a total of 39 goals for Real Madrid Castilla, Elche, Celta, Recreativo, Xerez, Girona, Lugo, Valladolid, Numancia and Mallorca. He added 30 appearances in La Liga, with Almería.

## Club career

Born in Madrid, Díaz finished his development with hometown club AD Alcorcón, and made his senior debut with the reserves in the 2003–04 season. He was promoted to the first team the following year, scoring six goals in the Segunda División B.
Díaz joined local giants Real Madrid in the summer of 2005, being assigned to their reserves in the Segunda División. He played his first game as a professional on 20 December 2005 by appearing in a 0–0 home draw against UE Lleida, and scored his first goal on 15 April of the following year in a 2–1 loss at Elche CF.
On 10 July 2006, Díaz signed with fellow second-division side Elche. After losing first-choice status in his second year, he moved to RCD Mallorca in July 2008, being subsequently loaned to RC Celta de Vigo in the same league.
Díaz returned to the Balearic Islands in June 2009 but, after not being included in manager Gregorio Manzano's plans, he was loaned to Recreativo de Huelva in January 2010. He left Mallorca in June, and joined Xerez CD the following month.
After one and a half years at the Estadio Municipal de Chapín, Díaz signed with second-tier Girona FC for an undisclosed fee. He failed to make an impact for the Andalusians, terminating his contract on 26 June 2012 and joining CD Lugo a day after.
Díaz agreed to a one-year deal at La Liga club UD Almería on 28 June 2013. He made his debut in the competition on 19 August, coming on as a late substitute in a 2–3 home defeat against Villarreal CF.
In late March 2014, starting on the 24th and after 20 scoreless league appearances, Díaz scored in consecutive games: he started by contributing one goal to a 4–3 win over Real Sociedad, then scored his team's first in the 2–2 draw with Valencia CF also at the Estadio de los Juegos Mediterráneos. He added a further two during the campaign, helping to narrowly avoid relegation.
On 23 July 2014, Díaz joined Real Valladolid in division two. He moved to CD Numancia of the same league on 15 July of the following year.
# Gryphaea arcuata

Gryphaea arcuata is an extinct species of foam oyster, a bivalve mollusc in the family Gryphaeidae from the Early Jurassic of Europe.
It is commonly referred to in English folklore as the 'devils toenail' due to its supposed resemblance to the devil's 'cloven hoof'.

## Sources

* Paleontology portal
* Gryphaea arcuata in the Paleobiology Database
* Fossils (Smithsonian Handbooks) by David Ward (Page 101)
* This article about a prehistoric bivalve is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
* This article related to a Jurassic animal is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Kharqan Rural District (Razan County)

Kharqan Rural District (Persian: دهستان خرقان) is in the Central District of Razan County, Hamadan province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Surtajin.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the rural district's population was 5,605 in 1,340 households. There were 5,263 inhabitants in 1,449 households at the following census of 2011. The 2016 census measured the population of the rural district as 4,776 in 1,545 households. The most populous of its 17 villages was Sarijlu, with 707 people.
# Alec Lazo

Alejandro Lazo (born February 23) is a Cuban-American professional dancer, instructor, and choreographer based in Palm Beach, Florida. Lazo was the US International Rising Star Latin Champion in 1990 and went on through over twenty years of successful DanceSport competition. This cumulated in 1999 when he became the U.S. Nine-Dance Champion. He has appeared numerous times in television and theater in various capacities, and has also transitioned into the world of broadcast media as a spokesperson, guest host, and artist. He hosted several national PBS specials including "WXEL Presents", "Tango: The Spirit of Argentina", and "Fiesta at the Philharmonic".
Alec is the Owner/Founder of: "Paramount Ballroom" a premiere ballroom dance studio in Palm Beach Florida, which has been a training site for Dancing With the Stars Cheryl Burke and Cristián de la Fuente during Season 6 of Dancing with the Stars. More recently, Florence Henderson, better known as Carol Brady from The Brady Bunch, and Latin dance champion Corky Ballas trained at Paramount for D.W.T.S. Season 11.
Lazo currently travels across the United States judging competitions, lecturing, coaching, consulting, and performing. He is a Dance Vision International (DVIDA) certified instructor alongside such names as Maksim Chmerkovskiy and Buddy Schwimmer.

## Titles

* U.S. International Rising Star Latin Champion
* U.S. Nine-Dance Champion
* U.S. Grand Finalist
* U.S. Rhythm Finalist
* U.S. Latin Top Ten Finisher (7x)
* Ohio Star Ball Latin Rising Star Champion
* Texas Challenge Rising Star Grand Champion
* Heritage Classic Rising Star Latin Champion
* Sunshine State Rhythm and Smooth Champion
* Grand National Rhythm and Smooth Champion
* Northwest Star Ball Rhythm and Smooth Champion
* Northwest Star Ball Nine-Dance Champion
* Southern States Open Rhythm Champion
* Top Teacher: Dance Heat U.S.A. 2009

## Credentials

* Fellow: North American Dance Teachers Association
* Licentiate: Imperial Society of Teachers of Dancing
* Dual Master Examiner: World Professional Dance Teachers Association
* Examiner: International Dancers Association (DIVDA)
* Registered Adjudicator N.D.C.A.: A+B+C+
* Registered Championship Adjudicator N.D.C.A.

### Film

| Year | Film | Role | Other notes |
| 1999 | Strictly Dancing | Himself | Performed with his then-partner and fellow U.S. Nine-Dance Champion, Denise Lazo. |

### Television

| Title | Role |
| WXEL Presents | Host (Himself) |
| Tango: The Spirit of Argentina | Host (Himself) |
| Fiesta at the Philharmonic | Lead Dancer (Himself) |
# Jordan–Russia relations

Jordanian-Russian relations (Russian: Российско-иорданские отношения) are foreign relations between Russia and Jordan. Russia has an embassy in Amman, while Jordan has an embassy in Moscow. Both countries established diplomatic relations on August 20, 1963.
Today, relations between both countries are very strong and friendly. Russian Presidents Vladimir Putin and Dmitry Medvedev have visited Jordan several times and have met with Jordanian King Abdullah II.

## Russian Embassy

The Russian embassy is located in Amman.
* Ambassador Gleb Desyatnikov

## Jordan Embassy

The Jordan embassy is located in Moscow.
* Ambassador Khaled Shawabkeh
# Lefler

Lefler is a surname of Austrian origin. Notable people with the name include:
* Doug Lefler, American film director, screenwriter, film producer and storyboard artist
* Franz Lefler (1831–1898), Austrian painter
* Heinrich Lefler (1863–1919), Austrian painter, graphic artist and stage designer
* John Lefler (born 1975), American songwriter, singer, guitarist, and pianist
* Wade Lefler (1896–1981), American baseball player
# Cyrtoneritimorpha

Cyrtoneritimorpha, also Cyrtoneritida, is a clade of fossil sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks within the clade Neritimorpha.
This order contains two extinct families: Orthonychiidae and Vltaviellidae.