OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Badod

Badod is a city situated in Agar Malwa district in the state of Madhya Pradesh, India. Badod has tehsil headquarters as well as nagar parishad in Agar Malwa District. Both the Choti Kalisindh and Kachal rivers flow nearby the town.

## Temples

In the west of city rests the Jain Temple "Nageshwar Tirth" and in the east, the famous Bagalamukhi Temple and Baijnath Temple. Historical and religious places include Lal Mata Mandir, Dudhakhedi Mandir, Barod Fort, and Vimalnath Jain Temple.

## Demographics

As of the 2011 Census of India, Badod had a population of 13,834. Males constitute 52% of the population and females 48%. Badod has an average literacy rate of 63%, higher than the national average of 59.5%; with 60% of the males and 40% of females literate. 18% of the population is under 6 years of age.
# SN 2213-1745

SN 2213-1745 was an extremely remote superluminous supernova (SLSN), which occurred in between November 2004 and June 2005. Its peak far-ultraviolet absolute magnitude reached −21.2, which was comparable to the total absolute magnitude of its host galaxy. The distance (redshift) to this supernova z=2.0458±0.0005 makes it one of the most remote supernova observed as of 2012. The luminosity of SN 2213-1745 evolved slowly over several years as it was still detectable in November 2006. Both the high luminosity and slow decay indicate that the supernova's progenitor was a star with an initial mass as high as 250 solar masses. The supernova explosion itself was likely a pair-instability supernova similar to the SN 2007bi event, with which it shares many similarities.
# Marian Drăghiceanu

Marian Liviu Drăghiceanu (born 7 July 1999) is a Romanian professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Liga I club Sepsi OSK.

## Club career
### Ceahlăul Piatra Neamț

Drăghiceanu made his Liga I debut at 15 years, 10 months and 10 days, at that time being the 4th youngest debutant (now being 9th). Formed by Ceahlăul Piatra Neamț, Drăghiceanu saw him without a team when Ceahlaul went bankrupt in 2016. For 1 year Drăghiceanu has given evidence of playing to several teams from Italy, but nothing concrete has been achieved and in the summer of 2017 he signed with Dunărea Călărași.

## Honours

Dunărea Călărași
* Liga II: 2017–18
Rapid București
* Liga III: 2018–19
CSM Reșița
* Liga III: 2021–22, 2022–23
Individual
* Liga II top scorer: 2023–24 (joint with Bogdan Chipirliu – 14 goals)
# Indiana Weekly Messenger

The Indiana Weekly Messenger was an American newspaper that was published in Indiana, Pennsylvania from 1856 to 1946.

## History

Originally named the Democratic Messenger, this newspaper was established in 1856 by Joseph M. Thompson, Silas M. Clark and John F. Young as a Democratic organ, and favored the election of James Buchanan for the office of president of the United States. In the spring of 1857, Clark Wilson of Clearfield County purchased the publication, and continued to conduct it in the interest of the same party until the summer of 1860, when he sold a half interest in the office to Samuel A. Smith.
While under the leadership of Wilson and Smith, who respectively were a Democrat and Republican, this publication dropped its political slant and became an independent sheet. Around this time, its title was altered to The Indiana Messenger.
Smith and Wilson continued to publish this newspaper until 1862, when J. Willis Westlake purchased Wilson's interest. The new firm then announced that future editions of the publication would espouse the cause of the Republican Party. In 1865, Westlake was succeeded by his partner's father, ex-sheriff Joseph R. Smith. The firm's name was then changed to J. R. Smith & Son. Ownership of the paper remained with the Smith family at least into the 1920s.
This newspaper bore the title Indiana Weekly Messenger from 1874 until its discontinuance in 1946.
# Sjorvoll Formation

The Sjorvoll Formation is a geologic formation in Norway. It preserves fossils dating back to the Silurian period.
# Davie Cattanach

David Cattanach (27 June 1946 – 4 February 2022) was a Scottish footballer who played for Stirling Albion, Celtic and Falkirk in the Scottish Football League. He died on 4 February 2022, at the age of 75.
# Black model

The Black model (sometimes known as the Black-76 model) is a variant of the Black–Scholes option pricing model. Its primary applications are for pricing options on future contracts, bond options, interest rate cap and floors, and swaptions. It was first presented in a paper written by Fischer Black in 1976.
Black's model can be generalized into a class of models known as log-normal forward models.

## The Black formula

The Black formula is similar to the Black–Scholes formula for valuing stock options except that the spot price of the underlying is replaced by a discounted futures price F.
Suppose there is constant risk-free interest rate r and the futures price F(t) of a particular underlying is log-normal with constant volatility σ. Then the Black formula states the price for a European call option of maturity T on a futures contract with strike price K and delivery date T' (with $T'\geq T$) is
    $c=e^{-rT}[FN(d_{1})-KN(d_{2})]$
The corresponding put price is
    $p=e^{-rT}[KN(-d_{2})-FN(-d_{1})]$
where
    $d_{1}={\frac {\ln(F/K)+(\sigma ^{2}/2)T}{\sigma {\sqrt {T}}}}$
    $d_{2}={\frac {\ln(F/K)-(\sigma ^{2}/2)T}{\sigma {\sqrt {T}}}}=d_{1}-\sigma {\sqrt {T}},$
and $N(\cdot )$ is the cumulative normal distribution function.
Note that T' doesn't appear in the formulae even though it could be greater than T. This is because futures contracts are marked to market and so the payoff is realized when the option is exercised. If we consider an option on a forward contract expiring at time T' > T, the payoff doesn't occur until T' . Thus the discount factor $e^{-rT}$ is replaced by $e^{-rT'}$ since one must take into account the time value of money. The difference in the two cases is clear from the derivation below.

## Derivation and assumptions

The Black formula is easily derived from the use of Margrabe's formula, which in turn is a simple, but clever, application of the Black–Scholes formula.
The payoff of the call option on the futures contract is $\max(0,F(T)-K)$. We can consider this an exchange (Margrabe) option by considering the first asset to be $e^{-r(T-t)}F(t)$ and the second asset to be $K$ riskless bonds paying off $1 at time $T$. Then the call option is exercised at time $T$ when the first asset is worth more than $K$ riskless bonds. The assumptions of Margrabe's formula are satisfied with these assets.
The only remaining thing to check is that the first asset is indeed an asset. This can be seen by considering a portfolio formed at time 0 by going long a forward contract with delivery date $T$ and long $F(0)$ riskless bonds (note that under the deterministic interest rate, the forward and futures prices are equal so there is no ambiguity here). Then at any time $t$ you can unwind your obligation for the forward contract by shorting another forward with the same delivery date to get the difference in forward prices, but discounted to present value: $e^{-r(T-t)}[F(t)-F(0)]$. Liquidating the $F(0)$ riskless bonds, each of which is worth $e^{-r(T-t)}$, results in a net payoff of $e^{-r(T-t)}F(t)$.
# Vietnamese New Zealanders

Vietnamese New Zealanders (Vietnamese: Người New Zealand gốc Việt) are New Zealanders of partially or full Vietnamese ancestry.
According to the 2018 census, 10,086 New Zealanders identify themselves as with the Vietnamese ethnic group. Many of them came to New Zealand to escape religious persecution or war.

## History

Vietnamese people began arriving in New Zealand during the mid-1970s and early 1980s as refugees following the end of the Vietnam War owing to fear of persecution or uncertainty under a new Communist government. New Zealand was one of the countries that assisted in the resettlement of Vietnamese refugees, with the first arrivals in 1977 when 412 refugees were accepted. The largest intake of Vietnamese refugees occurred in 1979–1980 when about 1,500 arrived with approximately 4,500 Vietnamese being accepted for resettlement between 1977 and 1993. Many of them settled in large urban areas. Owing to the economic troubles of the 1980s in which many had lost their factory jobs and isolation, about 1/3 of the population moved to Australia where there were larger Vietnamese communities.
Currently, in the 2018 Census, there are 10,086 Vietnamese living in New Zealand, with the majority being concentrated in Auckland, Wellington, and Christchurch.

## Notable Vietnamese New Zealanders

* Lan Pham, politician and ecologist.
* Kaelin Nguyen, professional footballer
# Du Fu (crater)

Du Fu is a crater on Mercury. Its name was adopted by the International Astronomical Union (IAU) on September 25, 2015. Du Fu is named for the Chinese poet Du Fu.
Hollows are present on Du Fu's central peak.
A large unnamed crater to the west of Du Fu is crossed by a prominent scarp.
* Oblique view
* Approximate color image
# Skegness Clay

The Skegness Clay is a geologic formation in England. It preserves fossils dating back to the Cretaceous period.
# Slade Mudstone

The Slade Mudstone is a geologic formation in Wales. It preserves fossils dating back to the Ordovician period.
# Nikita Korzun

Nikita Ivanovich Korzun (Belarusian: Мікіта Іванавіч Корзун; Russian: Никита Иванович Корзун; born 6 March 1995) is a Belarusian professional football player who plays for Kazakhstani club Yelimay and the Belarus national team.

## Club career
### Dinamo Minsk

A product of the Dinamo Minsk youth system, Korzun made his senior debut on 17 November 2012, when he came on as a stoppage-time substitute in a 2–0 away victory against FC Torpedo-BelAZ Zhodino. Over the next 3 seasons, he went on to make 67 appearances for the club across all tournaments.

### Dynamo Kyiv

On 1 February 2016, Korzun signed a 5-year contract with Ukrainian club Dynamo Kyiv. However, he struggled to win a regular place in the side, and didn't make his debut until 14 May 2016 (4-1 road victory against FC Metalist Kharkiv). Over the next two seasons, Korzun played sparingly, mostly as a substitute.
On 24 July 2018, it was announced that Korzun would return to Dinamo Minsk on loan, until the end of the season.
In January 2019, he joined Saudi team Al-Fateh on loan until January 2020.

## International career

Korzun represented Belarus at all levels of youth football. He made his senior team debut on 27 May 2016 in Belfast, in a 3-0 friendly loss to Northern Ireland.

## Honours
### Club
#### Dynamo Kyiv

* Ukrainian Premier League: 2015–16
* Ukrainian Super Cup: 2016

#### Shakhtyor Soligorsk

* Belarusian Premier League: 2020, 2021
* Belarusian Super Cup: 2021, 2023
# Mogaligundla Baga Reddy

Mogaligundla Baga Reddy (born 17 June 1930) was an Indian politician who served as a member of parliament for four terms and as a member of Andhra Pradesh Legislature seven times. He was the speaker of the Andhra Pradesh legislative assembly for a period of one month and a cabinet minister. He served as the Leader of the Opposition in the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly from 1983 to 1989.

## Early life and political career

Reddy was born on 17 June 1930 in the village of Malchalma, Medak District in India. Born into an agriculture based family, he completed his secondary education in Bidar (Karnataka) and went on to complete his B.A. L.L.B. from Osmania University in Hyderabad. He campaigned for Indira Gandhi in Medak district where she was elected as the prime minister of India in the 1980s. He was first elected to the Andhra Pradesh legislative assembly on the Congress party ticket at an age of 26 from the Zaheerabad constituency in Medak District. Since then he has been voted back to the assembly seven consecutive times. He retained his assembly seat in both 1983 and 1985 assembly elections despite there being a wave of N.T. Rama Rao's Telugu Desam Party. Reddy, held key portfolios such as Panchayati Raj, Major Industries and Revenue between 1978 and 1983 when Marri Chenna Reddy was the Chief Minister of the state. From 1989 to 1999 he served as the member of Lok Sabha from Medak constituency for four consecutive terms on Indian National Congress ticket. In 1999 Reddy lost his seat to Ale Narendra of Bharatiya Janata Party.
# Technovore

Technovore is a supervillain appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics, typically as an enemy of the superhero Iron Man.
Technovore appears in the TV series Iron Man: Armored Adventures, and is one of the two titular main antagonists for the anime film Iron Man: Rise of Technovore.

## Publication history

Technovore first appears in Iron Man #294 (July 1993) and was created by Len Kaminski and Kevin Hopgood.

## Fictional character biography

Technovore is a technological parasite who was created aboard a Stark Enterprises orbital space station before converting its passengers into techno-organic creatures. Iron Man later destroys Technovore, but is nearly killed in the resulting explosion before the Goddess rescues him. Unbeknownst to Iron Man, a portion of Technovore survives and is recovered by the black market network Source Control.

## Powers and abilities

Technovore's body is made entirely of nanobots. It can disassemble itself into a stream of nanites, enabling it to fit into and travel through small spaces. Each nanite carries a copy of Technovore's personality, and it is implied to be able to reconstruct itself from a single unit.
Technovore can absorb technology into itself, adding the abilities of consumed technology into its physical being. In addition, Technovore's inherent resilience is augmented by an ability to adapt to weapons; over time, it will become immune to a given weapon if struck enough times.

## In other media
### Television

* Technovore appears in Iron Man: Armored Adventures, voiced by Tabitha St. Germain. This version is a virus created by Tony Stark to consume Project Pegasus' data on the Iron Man and Crimson Dynamo armors to stop Obadiah Stane from getting them. However, it obtains sentience after uploading into Project Pegasus's nanobot project and creates a body using Pegasus' nanobots.
* Technovore appears in The Avengers: Earth's Mightiest Heroes, voiced by Dwight Schultz. This version was originally an inmate of the Vault before escaping off-screen in the series' pilot episode "Breakout". In "Alone Against A.I.M.", Technovore is captured and reprogrammed by A.I.M. agents to attack Iron Man before being killed after consuming the energy of his arc reactor.
* Technovore appears in the Spider-Man episode "Web of Venom". This version is a technological parasite developed and abandoned by Horizon High. Curt Connors releases Technovore and frames Grady Scraps for doing so until Spider-Man destroys it.

### Film

Technovore appears in Iron Man: Rise of Technovore, voiced by Miyu Irino in the Japanese version and Eric Bauza in the English dub. This version is a biotechnological nanite virus created by Zeke Stane and initially linked to his nervous system before becoming independent.
# Huntington Willard

Huntington Faxon Willard (born c.1953) is an American geneticist. In 2014, he was named to head the Marine Biological Laboratory, and is a professor in human genetics at the University of Chicago. He stepped down from leading the lab in 2017 to return to research. Willard was elected to the National Academy of Medicine in 2016. Earlier, beginning in 2003 he was the Nanaline H. Duke Professor of Genome Sciences, the first director of the Institute for Genome Sciences and Policy, and Vice Chancellor for Genome Sciences at Duke University Medical Center in Durham, North Carolina.
Willard graduated from the Belmont Hill School in Belmont, Massachusetts in 1971. He received his A.B. degree in biology from Harvard University in 1975 and his Ph.D. from Yale University in 1979. He did a postdoctoral fellowship in medical genetics at Johns Hopkins University from 1979-81.
He then held positions at the University of Toronto from 1982 to 1989, Stanford University from 1989 to 1992, and was Chairman of the Department of Genetics at Case Western Reserve University from 1992 to 2002.
His current research interests include genome sciences and their broad implications for medicine and society, human chromosome structure and function, X-inactivation and mechanisms of gene silencing, and the first reported development of human artificial chromosomes for studies of gene transfer and functional genomics. Studies of the X-chromosome in his laboratory by Carolyn J. Brown led to the discovery of the human XIST gene, the long noncoding RNA associated with the inactive X chromosome.
# Run Baby Run (2006 film)

Run Baby Run is a Ghanaian action film directed by Emmanuel Apea and starring John Apea. The film received 8 nominations and won 4 awards at the Africa Movie Academy Awards in 2008, including the awards for Best Picture, Best Director and Best Screenplay.

## Plot

Enoch Sarpong Jr., a Ghanaian student living in the UK, is visited by his little sister from Ghana, who had mistakenly picked up the wrong suitcase at the airport. The suitcase contains a huge amount of cocaine. Enoch decides to sell the drugs, however, the real owners of the drugs soon meet up with him, chasing him all across the UK and Ghana.

## Cast

* John Apea - Enoch Sarpong Jr.
* Evelyn Addo - Nina Sarpong
* Fred Johnson - Gator
* Collins Agyeman Sarpong - Cephas
* Kofi Bucknor - Topp Dogg
* Kojo Dadson - Enoch Sarpong Snr
* Canelle Hoppe - Naila
* Nicola Preece - Heather
* Ernest Grant - Taxi Driver
* Efe Ideh - Sparkie
* Fred Joho - Wemba
# Ifeanyi Emmanuel Ojeli

Ifeanyi Emmanuel Ojeli (born 10 October 1998) is a Nigerian athlete. He competed in the mixed 4 × 400 metres relay event at the 2020 Summer Olympics.
# Isaac Brown

Isaac Brown may refer to:
* Isaac H. Brown (1812–1880), American sexton
* Issac Ryan Brown (born 2005), American actor
* Isaac Van Arsdale Brown (1784–1861), American educator and Presbyterian clergyman who founded the Lawrenceville School in New Jersey
* Isaac Brown (American football), American football player
* Isaac Brown (basketball) (born 1969), American basketball coach
* Isaac Brown (naval officer) (1817–1889), American naval officer in the US and Confederate navies
* Isaac Brown (Wisconsin pioneer), the 3rd mayor of Fond du Lac, Wisconsin
* Ike Brown (1942–2001), American baseball player
# Shadowlands (play)

Shadowlands is a play by William Nicholson adapted from his 1985 television film of the same name, directed by Norman Stone and produced by David M. Thompson for BBC Wales. It debuted at the Theatre Royal in Plymouth on 5 October 1989 before premiering at the Queen's Theatre in London on 23 October 1989. The play is about the relationship between Oxford don and author C. S. Lewis and the American writer Joy Gresham.

## Synopsis

The story follows Lewis as he meets an American fan, Joy Gresham, whom he befriends and eventually marries. The story also focuses on his relationship with his brother, Warren Lewis and deals with his personal struggle: Lewis preaches that one should endure suffering with patience, but finds that the simple answers he had preached no longer apply when Joy becomes afflicted with cancer and eventually dies.

## Historical casting

| Character | 1989 Plymouth cast | 1989 West End cast | 1990 Broadway cast | 2007 West End revival cast | 2019 Chichester cast |
| Joy Davidman | Jane Lapotaire | Jane Lapotaire | Jane Alexander | Janie Dee | Liz White |
| C. S. Lewis | Nigel Hawthorne | Nigel Hawthorne | Nigel Hawthorne | Charles Dance | Hugh Bonneville |
| Warren Lewis | Geoffrey Toone | Geoffrey Toone | Michael Allinson | Richard Durden | Andrew Havill |

## Production history

The play opened at the Theatre Royal in Plymouth on 5 October 1989 before transferring to the Queen's Theatre in London on 23 October 1989, running until 8 September 1990. The stage version gave Joy Davidman only one son instead of two. The production was directed by Elijah Moshinsky and starred Nigel Hawthorne as Lewis with Jane Lapotaire as Joy. It won Best Play in the Evening Standard Awards for 1990. Lapotaire was nominated for the Laurence Olivier Award for Best Actress for her stage performance.
Hawthorne successfully took the role of Lewis to Broadway, playing at the Brooks Atkinson Theatre from November 1990 to April 1991 and again directed by Moshinsky. It was nominated for the Tony Award for Best Play. Hawthorne co-starred in New York, with Michael Allinson as Warren Lewis and Jane Alexander as Joy, who was now given her maiden name of Joy Davidman. Hawthorne won a 1991 Tony award for Best Actor, while Nicholson picked up a nomination for Best Play.
The first major revival of the play, starring Charles Dance as Lewis and Janie Dee as Joy, premiered at Cambridge Arts Theatre on 5 September 2007 before touring the UK. The production, directed by Michael Barker-Carven, transferred to the Wyndham's Theatre on 3 October 2007 for an eleven-week season before transferring to the Novello Theatre where it ran from 21 December 2007 to 23 February 2008.
A new production of Shadowlands at Chichester Festival Theatre opened on 26 April 2019. The production, which was directed by Rachel Kavanaugh, starred Hugh Bonneville as Lewis, Liz White as Joy Gresham and Andrew Havill as Warren Lewis.

## Quotes

Joy in the stage version:
   "See yourself in the mirror, you're separate from yourself. See the world in the mirror, you're separate from the world. I don't want that separation anymore."
# Taylor High School (Arkansas)

Taylor High School is a comprehensive public junior-senior high school serving grades seventh through twelfth in the rural community of Taylor, Arkansas, United States. Located in southern Columbia County, Taylor High School is one of three public high schools in the county and one of three high schools administered by the Emerson–Taylor-Bradley School District.

## History

Initially it was a part of the Taylor School District. On July 1, 2004, it consolidated with the Emerson School District to form the Emerson-Taylor School District (now the Emerson-Taylor-Bradley School District).

## Academics

The assumed course of study at Taylor High School is the Smart Core curriculum developed by the Arkansas Department of Education (ADE). Students engage in regular and Advanced Placement (AP) coursework and exams to obtain at least 23 units before graduation, which is one credit more than the state standard of 22 units. Exceptional students have been recognized as National Merit Finalists and participated in Arkansas Governor's School. The school maintains a concurrent credit partnership with South Arkansas Community College, whereas students in 11th and 12th grade can attend SACC and receive high school and college credit simultaneously. Students that graduate with a 3.50 or higher grade point average (GPA) are designated Honor Graduates, with Highest Honor Graduates graduating with a 3.75 or higher GPA.

## Athletics

The Taylor High School mascot is the Tiger with blue and white serving as the school colors.
For the 2012–14 seasons, the Taylor Tigers participate in the 1A Region 7 East Conference. Competition is primarily sanctioned by the Arkansas Activities Association with the Tigers competing in golf (boys/girls), basketball (boys/girls), baseball, and softball.