OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# R v Cook

R v Cook, [1998] 2 SCR 597, is a leading Charter decision of the Supreme Court of Canada. The Court held that Canadian police located in the United States were still subject to the Charter when interrogating a suspect for a murder in Canada.

## Background

Deltonia Cook was arrested by US police in Louisiana at the request of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police. Initially upon arrest he was read his Miranda rights by the US police officers. He requested access to a lawyer but the police never followed through with the request. When the Canadian police arrived they questioned him but it was not until 20 minutes into the interrogation that they informed him of his right to retain and instruct counsel under section 10(b) of the Charter.
At trial the Crown sought to admit as evidence parts of the statements Cook made in the interrogation. Cook challenged the evidence as a violation of his rights under section 10(b).

## Reasons of the Court

The court held that acts of any Canadian police force performing duties outside of Canada are subject to the Charter.
In this particular case, the court found that there was a violation of the accused's right to counsel and right to silence. These violations were flagrant and the evidence would not have been otherwise been discovered thus rendering the trial unfair. Consequently, the evidence of Mr. Cook's statement was excluded.
Justices L'Heureux-Dubé and McLachlin dissented, stating that the Charter did not apply, and that the police were working as part of an American investigation and were acting under their authority.
# Miguel Monteiro (athlete)

Miguel Monteiro (born 23 December 2000) is a Portuguese Para-athlete specializing in shot put. He represented Portugal at the Paralympic Games.

## Career

Monteiro represented Portugal in the shot put F40 event at the 2020 Summer Paralympics and won a bronze medal.
He qualified for the 2024 Summer Paralympics by winning a bronze medal in the shot put F40 event. At the 2024 Summer Paralympics, he won a gold medal in the shot put F40 event.
# Moedas

Hugo Filipe Santos Guedes (born 25 October 1993), known as Moedas, is a Portuguese footballer who plays for Folgosa Maia Futebol Clube as a midfielder.

## Club career

Born in Matosinhos, Moedas joined local Leixões SC's youth system in 2003. He made his professional debut in the 2012–13 season, with the club in the second division.
In the 2014–15 campaign, Moedas scored four goals all competitions comprised, all coming through penalty kicks and three being in the league. In the summer of 2015, after 12 years at the Estádio do Mar, he signed with fellow league team U.D. Oliveirense.
# Nandinho (futsal player)

Fernando Manuel Silva Leal (born 18 December 1982), commonly known as Nandinho, is a Portuguese futsal player who plays as a winger for São Martinho de Mouros and the Portugal national team.
# Nuno Mendes (rower)

Nuno Mendes (born 10 May 1984 in Porto) is a Portuguese rower. He started competitive rowing in 1994 and currently represents Sporting Clube de Portugal. Competing in the lightweight double sculls category (LM2x) with Pedro Fraga, he finished in 5th place at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London and won two silver medals at the 2010 and 2012 European Rowing Championships.
# Nuno Sousa (footballer, born 1993)

Nuno Filipe Correia de Sousa (born 18 April 1993 in Oliveira de Azeméis) is a Portuguese footballer who plays for U.D. Oliveirense as a midfielder.

## Football career

On 18 May 2013, Sousa made his professional debut with Oliveirense in a 2012–13 Segunda Liga match against Vitória Guimarães B, when he replaced Renan (87th minute).
# Nélson Agra

Nélson José Figueiredo Agra (born 6 January 1991) is a Portuguese professional footballer who plays as a midfielder.

## Club career

Born in Póvoa de Varzim, Agra developed in the ranks of hometown club Varzim S.C. from 2004. He made his debut on 5 December 2010 in a 3–3 Liga de Honra away draw against F.C. Arouca, starting and being substituted for his cousin Salvador Agra with ten minutes left. He played four more games, all as starter, as the season ended with relegation.
In June 2013, Agra signed a three-year deal with Gil Vicente F.C. of the Primeira Liga. His playing time was limited to the Taça da Liga, and halfway through the campaign he dropped down a league to Leixões S.C. on a five-month loan.
Agra returned to Varzim, still in the third tier, ahead of 2014–15. They won promotion as runners-up, and he remained a regular in the second division; he left his hometown team in June 2021 and criticised manager António Barbosa for playing him at right-back in his last season.
After his exit from Varzim, Agra signed for S.C. Salgueiros in division four. He scored once in his only season at the side from the north of Porto, deciding a 1–0 win over C.F. União de Coimbra on 19 September 2021.
# Nílson Miguel

Nílson Santos Varela Miguel (born 10 May 1992) is a Portuguese professional futsal player who plays as a defender for Benfica and the Portugal national team.

## Personal life

Born in Portugal, Miguel is of Angolan descent.
# Patrick Costinha

Patrick Zeferino Costinha (born 13 May 1994) is a Portuguese footballer who plays as a goalkeeper.

## Football career

On 21 January 2018, Costinha made his professional debut with Real in a 2017–18 LigaPro match against União Madeira.
# Université de Hearst

Université de Hearst (formerly Collège universitaire de Hearst) is a public French-language university with its main campus in Hearst, Ontario, Canada. The university has additional campuses in Timmins and Kapuskasing.
For most of its history, Hearst was an affiliated school of Laurentian University in Sudbury. It was rechartered as an independent institution on April 1, 2022, following the 2021 Laurentian University financial crisis.

## Programs

Université de Hearst offers degree programs taught in French in Liberal Arts such as psychology, business and interdisciplinary studies in Northeastern Ontario's Franco-Ontarian community. Furthermore, it serves as a recruiting pool for the region's elementary and secondary teachers. As of 2016, the university only offers three university degrees.

## Partnership

The Université de Hearst is a member of L'Association des collèges et universités de la francophonie canadienne, a network of academic institutions of the Canadian Francophonie.

## Features and buildings

The Hearst campus located at 60 9th Street features an amphitheatre, cafeteria and gymnasium. The Maurice-Saulnier library includes a variety of books and periodicals in French and English and a computer lab. The Kapuskasing campus is located at 7 Aurora Avenue. The Timmins campus is located at 395 Theriault Boulevard.

## History

The institution was founded in 1953 by Louis Lévesque under the name Séminaire de Hearst. Financed by the population of the Diocese of Hearst, Ontario, its mission was to provide secondary education accessible to the French-speaking youth of the northeast of Ontario.
In 1959 the school was incorporated under the name Collège de Hearst to focus on university studies. It was affiliated with the University of Sudbury in 1957 and later to Laurentian University in 1963. In 1972, it became the Collège universitaire de Hearst and ceased providing college programs to concentrate exclusively on university programs. It was rechartered under Université de Hearst as an independent institution in 2021 following the 2021 Laurentian University financial crisis.

## Student life

In addition to providing educational programs, the institution contributes to the Francophone community in Northern Ontario culturally, socially and economically.

## Dormitories

The campus in Hearst features a dormitory on the second floor. The campuses in Kapuskasing and Timmins also have dormitories.
# Celimpilo Ngema

Celimpilo Ngema (born 12 September 1997) is a South African soccer player who plays as a midfielder for AmaZulu in the South African Premier Division.
He was born in Melmoth. He was on the Uthongathi team that won promotion from the 2016–17 SAFA Second Division. Ngema also received a Player of the Tournament as well as a Young Player of the Tournament award. The club aimed to fight for promotion from the National First Division. He was on trial with Chippa United in the winter of 2019, and by the 2019–20 season, Ngema was considered Uthongathi's star player.
Ngema left Uthongathi in 2020. As Chippa United reportedly made a R150,000 bid, the deal was not finalized, and Tshakhuma Tsha Madzivhandila (TTM) bought Ngema instead. With TTM, Ngema helped win the 2020–21 Nedbank Cup, and proceeded to lose the 2021–22 Nedbank Cup final. He remained in the squad after the club license was purchased by Marumo Gallants, and played the 2021–22 and 2022-23 CAF Confederation Cup for Gallants, scoring several goals.
With half a year left of his contract, Ngema was reported to have signed a "pre-contract" with AmaZulu during the winter of 2023. There were still rumours of a transfer to other clubs. Marumo Gallants also ended up being relegated from the 2022-23 South African Premier Division, though Ngema was crowned as Player of the Year in the club's internal end-season gala. The move to AmaZulu went through in the summer of 2023. Ngema and the club notably had a slow start to the 2023-24 South African Premier Division.
# Ayaka Noguchi

Ayaka Noguchi (born 25 October 1995) is a Japanese professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Deportivo.

## Club career

Noguchi made her WE League debut on 12 September 2021.<
# Świniary, Płock County

Świniary is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Słubice, within Płock County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately 8 kilometres (5 mi) north of Słubice, 20 km (12 mi) south-east of Płock, and 79 km (49 mi) west of Warsaw.
# Mikel Iribas

Mikel Iribas Allende (born 13 April 1988) is a Spanish retired footballer who played as a right-back or midfielder.

## Club career

Born in San Sebastián, Gipuzkoa, Iribas was a product of Real Sociedad's youth system, and played one sole season with the club's B team, in Segunda División B. In August 2008, he dropped down to the Tercera División and signed a contract with CD Mirandés, scoring twice in 30 games as the campaign ended in promotion.
Again as a first-team regular, Iribas helped to another promotion in 2011–12, contributing two goals in 1,868 minutes of action. On 17 August 2012, both he and the Castile and León side made their debut in the Segunda División, in a 0–1 loss against SD Huesca. He netted his first goal in the competition on 3 November, helping to a 3–0 home win over FC Barcelona B.
Iribas signed with AD Alcorcón also of the second tier in late June 2013. He left in June 2016, and subsequently returned to the third division with CF Fuenlabrada.
On 6 July 2019, after scoring twice from 31 appearances during the campaign (playoffs included), as the club achieved second-tier promotion for the first time in history, the 31-year-old Iribas renewed his contract for a further year. He continued to appear regularly for Fuenla in the following years, appearing in 40 matches during the 2021–22 season as the club suffered relegation to Primera Federación.
On 12 June 2023, Fuenlabrada announced Iribas' retirement from professional football; he continued to work at the club as a technical secretary.
# Tianshui–Longnan railway

The Tianshui–Longnan railway is a planned railway in China. The combined passenger and freight line will be 215 kilometres (134 mi) long and has a design speed of 160 kilometres per hour (99 mph). The project is in the design phase as of 2021.
The line will take a north-south route, connecting with the Longhai railway and the Tianshui–Pingliang railway in the north, and the Chongqing–Lanzhou railway in the south.

## History

Construction began in November 2020 and is expected to take five and a half years with a cost of 24.323 billion yuan. However in 2021 it was reported that the project was in the preliminary design phase and would commence construction again by the end of that year.
Construction started in July 2022 and is planned to be completed by the end of 2027.

## Stations

Yangjianian (existing station on Tianshui–Pingliang Railway), Panjizhai, Maijishan, Niangniangba, Liziyuan, Mayan, Jiangluo, Shuiquan, Chengxian, Xixia, Taishi, Pingluo (Kang County), Foya, Anhua, Majie, Liangshui, Longnan West railway station (existing station on Chongqing–Lanzhou railway).
# Ruahine Range

The Ruahine Range is the largest of several mountain ranges in the North Island of New Zealand that form a ridge running parallel with the east coast of the island between East Cape and Wellington. The ridge is at its most pronounced from the central North Island down to Wellington, where it comprises the Ruahine, Tararua and Remutaka Ranges.
The Ruahines run northeast–southwest for 110 kilometres from inland Hawke's Bay to near Woodville. It is separated in the south from the northern end of the Tararua Range by the Manawatū Gorge.
The highest point in the Ruahines is Mangaweka, situated along the Hikurangi Range, which at 1733 metres (5686 feet) is the second highest non-volcanic mountainous peak in the North Island after Mount Hikurangi (1754 metres/5755 feet) in the Raukumara Range.
The other notable peak is Wharite (920 metres/3017 feet), which visually marks the southern end-point of the Ruahine Range. The dominant geographical landmark in the Manawatū and Tararua District, Wharite is perhaps better known in the region for its highly-visible television transmission tower. The first transmitter at Wharite was commissioned in 1963, relaying Wellington's WNTV1 channel (now part of TVNZ 1). The current main transmitter was commissioned in 1966.

## Name

Ruahine is a Māori name believed to mean "wise woman", with reference to the migrant leader's granddaughter on the Aotea canoe. A local Māori says "Kaua e whakakoria te kuku o Ruahine, kei wera!" (Don't disturb the forest of Ruahine, or it will burst into flames!), referring to the fact that attacking tribes often came down into Hawke's Bay through the passes of the Ruahine Range.
# What Scoundrels Men Are!

What Scoundrels Men Are! (Italian: Gli uomini, che mascalzoni!) is a 1932 Italian "white-telephones" comedy film directed by Mario Camerini.
The film was a great success, De Sica and Lia Franca became stars and the song Parlami d'amore Mariù was a hit. Rare in Italian film history, it was filmed on real Milan locations, nowadays it is a sort of documentary on what Milan was like in the 1930s. It was produced by Cines, with film sets designed by the art director Gastone Medin. The film was remade in 1953 by Glauco Pellegrini.

## Cast

* Lia Franca as Mariuccia
* Vittorio De Sica as Bruno
* Cesare Zoppetti as Tadino
* Aldo Moschino as Count Piazzi
* Carola Lotti as Gina
* Anna D'Adria as Letizia
* Gemma Schirato as Widow
* Maria Montesano as Candies woman
* Tino Erler as Mario Castelli
* María Denis
* Didaco Chellini as The engineer
# Audio

Audio most commonly refers to sound, as it is transmitted in signal form. It may also refer to:

## Sound

* Audio signal, an electrical representation of sound
* Audio frequency, a frequency in the audio spectrum
* Digital audio, representation of sound in a form processed and/or stored by computers or digital electronics
* Audio, audible content (media) in audio production and publishing
* Semantic audio, extraction of symbols or meaning from audio
* Stereophonic audio, method of sound reproduction that creates an illusion of multi-directional audible perspective
* Audio equipment

## Entertainment

* AUDIO (group), an American R&B band of 5 brothers formerly known as TNT Boyz and as B5
* Audio (album), an album by the Blue Man Group
* Audio (magazine), a magazine published from 1947 to 2000
* Audio (musician), British drum and bass artist
* "Audio" (song), a song by LSD

## Computing

* HTML audio, identified by the <audio> tag
# BCEAO Tower (Bamako)

The BCEAO Tower (fr. Tour de la BCEAO) is a building in Bamako, Mali. At 20 stories and 80m (262ft) high, it is the tallest building in the West African region. It sits on the north ("right→") bank of the Niger River in the center of the City of Bamako.

## Architecture

Classified as Neo-Sudanic architecture, the tower is modeled on the Sudano-Sahelian architecture of the famous Mosques of Djenné and Timbuktu. The building, dull orange in colour, matches the traditional banco architecture of West Africa, as well as that of the soil in the surrounding area. Its tapered shape resembles a termite hill from a distance. The distinctive "horns" (or "bat ears") on the building's top, and its deeply incised, vertically variegated facade are typical decorative elements of Sahelian architecture, found on buildings such as the Great Mosque of Djenné, and strongly resembling the 1923 Bamako Market building.

## Owner

The BCEAO Tower is the Malian headquarters of the Central Bank of West African States, whose acronym in French is BCEAO and which provides development banking and government financial and currency services in several Francophone West African nations.

## Location in Bamako

The building is located in the busy Commune III neighbourhood, where "Avenue Moussa Tavele" meets the waterside boulevard between the two main Bamako bridges: King Fahd Bridge a block west, and Martyrs Bridge three blocks east. Just to the east of the BCEAO complex, a park and formal garden mark where the diagonally running "Boulevard du Peuple" reaches the river. By contrast, small market gardens and launching points or river canoes line the edges of the river. With the Hotel de l'Amitié and the Grande Mosquée, the BCEAO Tower is one of three landmarks visible across most of the city.
# Place theory

Place theory is a theory of hearing that states that our perception of sound depends on where each component frequency produces vibrations along the basilar membrane. By this theory, the pitch of a sound, such as a human voice or a musical tone, is determined by the places where the membrane vibrates, based on frequencies corresponding to the tonotopic organization of the primary auditory neurons.
More generally, schemes that base attributes of auditory perception on the neural firing rate as a function of place are known as rate–place schemes.
The main alternative to the place theory is the temporal theory, also known as timing theory. These theories are closely linked with the volley principle or volley theory, a mechanism by which groups of neurons can encode the timing of a sound waveform. In all cases, neural firing patterns in time determine the perception of pitch. The combination known as the place–volley theory uses both mechanisms in combination, primarily coding low pitches by temporal pattern and high pitches by rate–place patterns. It is now generally believed that there is good evidence for both mechanisms.
The place theory is usually attributed to Hermann Helmholtz, though it was widely believed much earlier.
Experiments to distinguish between place theory and rate theory are difficult to devise, because of the strong correlation: large vibrations with low rate are produced at the apical end of the basilar membrane while large vibrations with high rate are produced at the basal end. The two can be controlled independently using cochlear implants: pulses with a range of rates can be applied via electrodes distributed along the membrane. Experiments using implant recipients showed that, at low stimulation rates, ratings of pitch on a pitch scale were proportional to the log of stimulation rate, but also decreased with distance from the round window. At higher rates, the effect of rate was weaker, but the effect of place was strong.
# Lis River

Lis (Portuguese: Rio Lis, pronounced) is a river in central Portugal, flowing mainly through the district and city of Leiria ending in Vieira de Leiria in the Atlantic coast. It is a relatively short river, approximately 39.5 kilometres (24.5 mi) long.
# Margaret Curran (disambiguation)

Margaret Curran (born 1958) is a Labour politician.
Margaret or Peggy Curran may also refer to:
* Margaret Curran (poet) 1887–1962), Australian poet
* Margaret E. Curran, United States Attorney for Rhode Island (from 1998 to 2003)
* Margaret Curran, Alaskan diphtheria patient, see 1925 serum run to Nome#Second relay
* Peggy Curran, former writer for Montreal Gazette
# Mike Graham (footballer)

Mike Graham (born 24 February 1959) is an English former footballer who played in the Football League for Bolton Wanderers, Carlisle United, Mansfield Town and Swindon Town. At Mansfield he helped them win the 1986–87 Associate Members' Cup, playing in the final.
# Mike Lester (footballer)

Michael John Anthony Lester (born 4 August 1954) is an English former professional footballer who played as a defender/midfielder. He made 381 appearances most at Scunthorpe from 1983 to 1986 with 106 appearances.
Lester played in the North American Soccer League with the Washington Diplomats, and was involved in an altercation with Pelé during his last appearance for the New York Cosmos in Washington.
He signed for Mossley in December 1989 and retired at the end of the season having made 24 appearances.
Later became assistant manager of Runcorn and then manager of Chadderton, Atherton Laburnum Rovers, Rochdale Town and Oldham Borough.
# Mitchel Candlin

Mitchel James Candlin (born 8 June 2000) is an English professional footballer who plays as a striker for Bedworth United.

## Playing career
### Walsall

Candlin made his Walsall debut as an 84th minute substitute for Adam Chambers in a 1–0 defeat to Bradford City at Valley Parade on 1 April 2017 and made four further appearances as a sixteen-year-old before the end of the season.
He scored his first first-team goal for Walsall in a 2–1 pre-season friendly win against Chester in July 2017. Despite a promising pre-season, Candlin managed only four further first team appearances in the 2017–18 season.
On the final day of the August transfer window in 2018, Candlin signed on loan with Blackburn Rovers with a view to making the move permanent on 1 January 2019. However, after failing to make a first-team appearance and only limited game time for the club's U23 side, Rovers opted not to complete the transfer and Candlin returned to Walsall in January 2019.
In September 2019 he joined Nuneaton Borough on a short-term loan deal. He scored his first goal for Nuneaton in a 4–0 home win against Stourbridge on 17 September and went on to make 11 appearances and score 3 goals. He was recalled by Walsall in January 2020 due to a number of injuries to first-team players.
On 2 March 2020, Candlin moved to Alvechurch on a youth loan.
He signed for Northern Premier League Premier League side Hyde United on a free transfer in September 2021. In November 2021, he signed for Southern League Premier Division Central side Alvechurch, where he had previously spent time on loan. In January 2022, he was on the move again, signing for divisional rivals Bromsgrove Sporting.
In September 2024, Candlin joined Bedworth United.

## Career statistics

| Club | Season | Division | League | League | FA Cup | FA Cup | EFL Cup | EFL Cup | Other | Other | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Walsall | 2016–17 | League One | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 0 |
| Walsall | 2017–18 | League One | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 4 | 0 |
| Walsall | 2018–19 | League One | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Walsall | 2019–20 | League Two | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Walsall | Total | Total | 8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 9 | 0 |
| Blackburn Rovers (loan) | 2018–19 | Championship | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 0 | 0 |
| Nuneaton Borough (loan) | 2019–20 | Southern League Premier | 8 | 2 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 3 | 1 | 11 | 3 |
| Alvechurch (loan) | 2019–20 | Southern League Premier | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 17 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 1 | 21 | 3 |
* ↑ Appearance in EFL Trophy
* ↑ Appearances in Southern League Cup