# Oxford (federal electoral district)

Oxford is a federal electoral district in Ontario, Canada, that has been represented in the House of Commons of Canada since the 1935 election.

## Demographics

    According to the 2021 Canadian census
Ethnic groups: 90.2% White, 3.2% South Asian, 2.3% Indigenous, 1.4% Black Languages: 89.2% English, 1.8% Dutch, 1.5% Punjabi, 1.2% French, 1.2% German Religions: 56.7% Christian (17.2% Catholic, 9.3% United Church, 5.0% Anglican, 3.1% Baptist, 2.8% Reformed, 2.6% Presbyterian, 1.6% Lutheran, 1.5% Anabaptist, 1.0% Pentecostal and other Charismatic, 12.6% Other), 1.7% Sikh, 39.4% None Median income: $42,800 (2020) Average income: $50,760 (2020)

## Geography

The riding consists of the County of Oxford and a small portion of the County of Brant, covering most of the former Burford Township.
In the 2021 and 2019 elections, the Conservatives have won all parts of the riding, but were particularly strong in the rural southern part of the riding, with Burford Township and Norwich being their strongest areas. The weakest part of the riding for the Tories was in the riding's urban centres of Tillsonburg, Woodstock and Ingersoll where they only won pluralities. Liberal support is generally weak across the riding, but is the strongest in Woodstock and Tillsonburg, while the NDP has done particularly well in Ingersoll, winning over a quarter of the vote there in both elections. The People's Party saw a significant increase in their vote in 2021, with their strongest part of the riding being in Norwich.

## History

It was created in 1933 when the ridings of Oxford North and Oxford South were merged. It consisted initially of the county of Oxford, including the part of the village of Tavistock that lies in the county of Oxford.
In 1966, it was expanded to include the whole of the Village of Tavistock and the Town of Tillsonburg. In 1987, it was expanded to include the Township of Burford in the County of Brant. In 1996, it reverted to consisting of just the county of Oxford.
This riding gained territory from Brant during the 2012 electoral redistribution, consisting of that part of the County of Brant west of Etonia Road and East Quarter Townline Road.

## Members of Parliament

| Parliament | Years | Member | Party |
| Oxford Riding created from Oxford North and Oxford South |||||
| 18th | 1935–1940 | Almon Rennie | Liberal |
| 19th | 1940–1945 | Almon Rennie | Liberal |
| 20th | 1945–1949 | Kenneth Daniel | Progressive Conservative |
| 21st | 1949–1953 | Clark Murray | Liberal |
| 22nd | 1953–1957 | Wally Nesbitt | Progressive Conservative |
| 23rd | 1957–1958 | Wally Nesbitt | Progressive Conservative |
| 24th | 1958–1962 | Wally Nesbitt | Progressive Conservative |
| 25th | 1962–1963 | Wally Nesbitt | Progressive Conservative |
| 26th | 1963–1965 | Wally Nesbitt | Progressive Conservative |
| 27th | 1965–1968 | Wally Nesbitt | Progressive Conservative |
| 28th | 1968–1972 | Wally Nesbitt | Progressive Conservative |
| 29th | 1972–1974 | Wally Nesbitt | Progressive Conservative |
| 30th | 1974–1979 | Bruce Halliday | Progressive Conservative |
| 31st | 1979–1980 | Bruce Halliday | Progressive Conservative |
| 32nd | 1980–1984 | Bruce Halliday | Progressive Conservative |
| 33rd | 1984–1988 | Bruce Halliday | Progressive Conservative |
| 34th | 1988–1993 | Bruce Halliday | Progressive Conservative |
| 35th | 1993–1997 | John Baird Finlay | Liberal |
| 36th | 1997–2000 | John Baird Finlay | Liberal |
| 37th | 2000–2004 | John Baird Finlay | Liberal |
| 38th | 2004–2006 | Dave MacKenzie | Conservative |
| 39th | 2006–2008 | Dave MacKenzie | Conservative |
| 40th | 2008–2011 | Dave MacKenzie | Conservative |
| 41st | 2011–2015 | Dave MacKenzie | Conservative |
| 42nd | 2015–2019 | Dave MacKenzie | Conservative |
| 43rd | 2019–2021 | Dave MacKenzie | Conservative |
| 44th | 2021–2023 | Dave MacKenzie | Conservative |
| 44th | 2023–present | Arpan Khanna | Conservative |

## Election results

vteCanadian federal by-election, June 19, 2023 Resignation of Dave MacKenzie :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Conservative | Arpan Khanna | 16,688 | 42.92 | -4.13 |
| | Liberal | David Hilderley | 14,164 | 36.43 | +15.90 |
| | New Democratic | Cody Groat | 4,053 | 10.42 | -7.86 |
| | Christian Heritage | John Markus | 1,672 | 4.30 | +3.53 |
| | People's | Wendy Martin | 1,278 | 3.29 | -7.36 |
| | Green | Cheryle Baker | 854 | 2.20 | -0.52 |
| | Independent | John The Engineer Turmel | 171 | 0.44 | |
| Total valid votes | Total valid votes | Total valid votes | 38,880 | 99.38 |
| Total rejected ballots | Total rejected ballots | Total rejected ballots | 243 | 0.62 | +0.01 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 39,123 | 39.81 | -25.08 |
| Eligible voters | Eligible voters | Eligible voters | 98,270 |
| | Conservative hold | Conservative hold | Swing | Swing | -10.01 |
| Source: Elections Canada |||||||
vte2021 Canadian federal election :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | Expenditures |
| | Conservative | Dave MacKenzie | 29,146 | 47.05 | -1.09 | $32,605.67 |
| | Liberal | Elizabeth Quinto | 12,720 | 20.53 | +1.24 | $25,550.39 |
| | New Democratic | Matthew Chambers | 11,325 | 18.28 | -1.93 | $3,373.85 |
| | People's | Wendy Martin | 6,595 | 10.65 | +7.73 | $15,390.08 |
| | Green | Bob Reid | 1,683 | 2.72 | -5.12 | $0.00 |
| | Christian Heritage | Allen Scovil | 479 | 0.77 | -0.85 | $5,613.11 |
| Total valid votes/Expense limit | Total valid votes/Expense limit | Total valid votes/Expense limit | 61,948 | 99.39 | – | $123,152.84 |
| Total rejected ballots | Total rejected ballots | Total rejected ballots | 379 | 0.61 | -0.25 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 62,327 | 64.89 | -1.04 |
| Eligible voters | Eligible voters | Eligible voters | 96,055 |
| | Conservative hold | Conservative hold | Swing | Swing | -1.17 |
| Source: Elections Canada |||||||
2021 federal election redistributed results :
| Party | Vote | % |
| Conservative | 28,222 | 46.79 |
| Liberal | 12,471 | 20.67 |
| New Democratic | 11,124 | 18.44 |
| People's | 6,418 | 10.64 |
| Green | 1,629 | 2.70 |
| Others | 457 | 0.76 |
vte2019 Canadian federal election :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | Expenditures |
| | Conservative | Dave MacKenzie | 29,310 | 48.14 | +2.46 | $49,710.46 |
| | New Democratic | Matthew Chambers | 12,306 | 20.21 | +3.66 | none listed |
| | Liberal | Brendan Knight | 11,745 | 19.29 | -12.90 | $3,866.13 |
| | Green | Lisa Birtch-Carriere | 4,770 | 7.83 | +4.31 | none listed |
| | People's | Wendy Martin | 1,774 | 2.91 | - | $6,624.90 |
| | Christian Heritage | Melody Aldred | 986 | 1.62 | -0.45 | $3,632.07 |
| Total valid votes/expense limit | Total valid votes/expense limit | Total valid votes/expense limit | 60,891 | 99.14 | – |
| Total rejected ballots | Total rejected ballots | Total rejected ballots | 528 | 0.86 | +0.44 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 61,419 | 65.92 | -2.00 |
| Eligible voters | Eligible voters | Eligible voters | 93,166 |
| | Conservative hold | Conservative hold | Swing | Swing | -0.60 |
| Source: Elections Canada |||||||
2015 Canadian federal election :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | Expenditures |
| | Conservative | Dave MacKenzie | 25,966 | 45.67 | -13.30 | $75,795.63 |
| | Liberal | Don McKay | 18,299 | 32.19 | +22.55 | $36,173.57 |
| | New Democratic | Zoe Kunschner | 9,406 | 16.55 | -8.90 | $25,490.22 |
| | Green | Mike Farlow | 2,004 | 3.53 | -0.80 | $4,354.32 |
| | Christian Heritage | Melody Ann Aldred | 1,175 | 2.07 | | $8,421.76 |
| Total valid votes/Expense limit | Total valid votes/Expense limit | Total valid votes/Expense limit | 56,850 | 99.58 | | $220,586.55 |
| Total rejected ballots | Total rejected ballots | Total rejected ballots | 241 | 0.42 | – |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 57,041 | 67.93 |
| Eligible voters | Eligible voters | Eligible voters | 84,045 |
| | Conservative hold | Conservative hold | Swing | Swing | -17.92 |
| Source: Elections Canada |||||||
2011 federal election redistributed results :
| Party | Vote | % |
| Conservative | 28,782 | 58.97 |
| New Democratic | 12,419 | 25.45 |
| Liberal | 4,706 | 9.64 |
| Green | 2,111 | 4.33 |
| Others | 786 | 1.61 |
2011 Canadian federal election :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | Expenditures |
| | Conservative | Dave MacKenzie | 27,973 | 58.90 | +6.22 | $56,267 |
| | New Democratic | Paul Arsenault | 12,164 | 25.61 | +7.59 | $14,065 |
| | Liberal | Tim Lobzun | 4,521 | 9.52 | -9.87 | $13,495 |
| | Green | Mike Farlow | 2,058 | 4.33 | -3.24 | $12,611 |
| | Christian Heritage | John Markus | 776 | 1.63 | -0.71 | $1,478 |
| Total valid votes/Expense limit | Total valid votes/Expense limit | Total valid votes/Expense limit | 47,492 | 99.62 | | $85,881.86 |
| Total rejected ballots | Total rejected ballots | Total rejected ballots | 179 | 0.38 | +0.05 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 47,671 | 61.88 | +2.87 |
| Eligible voters | Eligible voters | Eligible voters | 77,035 | – | – |
| | Conservative hold | Conservative hold | Swing | Swing | -0.68 |
2008 Canadian federal election :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | Expenditures |
| | Conservative | Dave MacKenzie | 23,330 | 52.68 | +6.13 | $57,473 |
| | Liberal | Martha Dennis | 8,586 | 19.39 | -8.70 | $50,017 |
| | New Democratic | Diane Abbott | 7,982 | 18.02 | +0.65 | $9,242 |
| | Green | Cathy Mott | 3,355 | 7.58 | +4.43 | $2,819 |
| | Christian Heritage | Shaun MacDonald | 1,036 | 2.34 | -0.55 | $14,229 |
| Total valid votes/Expense limit | Total valid votes/Expense limit | Total valid votes/Expense limit | 44,289 | 99.67 | $82,866 |
| Total rejected ballots | Total rejected ballots | Total rejected ballots | 145 | 0.33 | -0.00 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 44,434 | 59.02 | -8.12 |
| Eligible voters | Eligible voters | Eligible voters | 75,290 | – | – |
| | Conservative hold | Conservative hold | Swing | Swing | +7.41 |
2006 Canadian federal election :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Conservative | Dave MacKenzie | 23,140 | 46.55 | +1.65 |
| | Liberal | Greig Mordue | 13,961 | 28.08 | -2.44 |
| | New Democratic | Zoe Kunschner | 8,639 | 17.38 | +2.84 |
| | Green | Ronnee Sykes | 1,566 | 3.15 | -1.10 |
| | Christian Heritage | John Markus | 1,434 | 2.88 | -0.46 |
| | Marijuana | James Bender | 771 | 1.55 | -0.18 |
| | Libertarian | Kaye Sargent | 204 | 0.41 | -0.08 |
| Total valid votes | Total valid votes | Total valid votes | 49,715 | 99.67 |
| Total rejected ballots | Total rejected ballots | Total rejected ballots | 164 | 0.33 | -0.13 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 49,879 | 67.14 | +4.01 |
| Eligible voters | Eligible voters | Eligible voters | 74,292 | – | – |
| | Conservative hold | Conservative hold | Swing | Swing | +2.05 |
2004 Canadian federal election :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Conservative | Dave MacKenzie | 20,606 | 44.89 | -12.59 |
| | Liberal | Murray Coulter | 14,011 | 30.52 | -4.91 |
| | New Democratic | Zoe Kunschner | 6,673 | 14.54 | +9.25 |
| | Green | Irene Tietz | 1,951 | 4.25 | |
| | Christian Heritage | Leslie Bartley | 1,534 | 3.34 | |
| | Marijuana | James Bender | 794 | 1.73 | |
| | Libertarian | Kaye Sargent | 226 | 0.49 | |
| | Canadian Action | Alex Kreider | 108 | 0.24 | |
| Total valid votes | Total valid votes | Total valid votes | 45,903 | 99.54 |
| Total rejected ballots | Total rejected ballots | Total rejected ballots | 211 | 0.46 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 46,114 | 63.13 |
| Eligible voters | Eligible voters | Eligible voters | 73,048 | – | – |
| | Conservative notional hold | Conservative notional hold | Swing | Swing | -3.84 |
Note: Change is from 2000 redistributed results. Conservative vote is compared to the combined Canadian Alliance and Progressive Conservative vote.
2000 federal election redistributed results :
| Party | Vote | % |
| Liberal | 14,869 | 35.44 |
| Progressive Conservative | 12,834 | 30.59 |
| Canadian Alliance | 11,283 | 26.89 |
| New Democratic | 2,219 | 5.29 |
| Others | 755 | 1.80 |
2000 Canadian federal election :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Liberal | John Baird Finlay | 15,181 | 35.55 | -0.43 |
| | Progressive Conservative | Dave MacKenzie | 13,050 | 30.56 | -1.94 |
| | Alliance | Patricia Smith | 11,455 | 26.82 | +5.76 |
| | New Democratic | Shawn Rouse | 2,254 | 5.28 | -2.25 |
| | Independent | John Thomas Markus | 536 | 1.26 | -0.86 |
| | Canadian Action | Alex Kreider | 227 | 0.53 | +0.11 |
| Total valid votes | Total valid votes | Total valid votes | 42,703 | 100.0 |
| | Liberal hold | Liberal hold | Swing | Swing | +0.76 |
Note: Canadian Alliance vote is compared to the Reform vote in 1997 election. Independent compared to Christian Heritage.
1997 Canadian federal election :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Liberal | John Baird Finlay | 16,281 | 35.98 | -5.15 |
| | Progressive Conservative | Dave MacKenzie | 14,706 | 32.50 | +9.79 |
| | Reform | Bill Irvine | 9,533 | 21.07 | -5.39 |
| | New Democratic | Martin Donlevy | 3,406 | 7.53 | +2.55 |
| | Christian Heritage | John Zekveld | 956 | 2.11 | +0.16 |
| | Canadian Action | Alex Kreider | 192 | 0.42 | |
| | Natural Law | Jim Morris | 181 | 0.40 | -0.05 |
| Total valid votes | Total valid votes | Total valid votes | 45,255 | 100.0 |
| | Liberal hold | Liberal hold | Swing | Swing | -7.47 |
1993 Canadian federal election :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Liberal | John Baird Finlay | 19,669 | 41.13 | +4.11 |
| | Reform | John Mohr | 12,653 | 26.46 | |
| | Progressive Conservative | George Klosler | 10,857 | 22.70 | -17.05 |
| | New Democratic | Martin Donlevy | 2,380 | 4.98 | -10.98 |
| | Christian Heritage | Hans Strikwerda | 935 | 1.96 | -4.59 |
| | Independent | George Moore | 471 | 0.98 | |
| | National | Bryan John Rahn | 417 | 0.87 | |
| | Libertarian | Kaye Sargent | 230 | 0.48 | +0.10 |
| | Natural Law | Peter Leggat | 214 | 0.45 | |
| Total valid votes | Total valid votes | Total valid votes | 47,826 | 100.0 |
| | Liberal gain from Progressive Conservative | Liberal gain from Progressive Conservative | Swing | Swing | +10.58 |
1988 Canadian federal election :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Progressive Conservative | Bruce Halliday | 19,367 | 39.75 | -17.3 |
| | Liberal | Alfred Apps | 18,035 | 37.02 | +8.3 |
| | New Democratic | Brian Donlevy | 7,771 | 15.95 | +2.4 |
| | Christian Heritage | Hans Strikwerda | 3,190 | 6.55 | |
| | Libertarian | Kaye Sargent | 187 | 0.38 | -0.3 |
| | Commonwealth of Canada | Sharon Rounds | 166 | 0.34 | |
| Total valid votes | Total valid votes | Total valid votes | 48,716 | 100.0 |
1984 Canadian federal election :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Progressive Conservative | Bruce Halliday | 25,642 | 57.1 | +11.2 |
| | Liberal | Alfred Apps | 12,884 | 28.7 | -8.1 |
| | New Democratic | Wayne Colbran | 6,077 | 13.5 | -2.8 |
| | Libertarian | Kaye Sargent | 322 | 0.7 | 0.0 |
| Total valid votes | Total valid votes | Total valid votes | 44,925 | 100.0 |
1980 Canadian federal election :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Progressive Conservative | Bruce Halliday | 19,382 | 45.9 | -9.3 |
| | Liberal | Ken Peers | 15,546 | 36.8 | +6.5 |
| | New Democratic | Marjorie Lanaway | 6,885 | 16.3 | +2.3 |
| | Libertarian | Nancy Hurd | 311 | 0.7 | +0.2 |
| | Marxist–Leninist | Larry Hannant | 100 | 0.2 | |
| Total valid votes | Total valid votes | Total valid votes | 42,224 | 100.0 |
1979 Canadian federal election :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Progressive Conservative | Bruce Halliday | 23,592 | 55.2 | +8.8 |
| | Liberal | Ron Calhoun | 12,935 | 30.3 | -12.6 |
| | New Democratic | Marjorie Lanaway | 5,980 | 14.0 | +3.2 |
| | Libertarian | Nancy Hurd | 227 | 0.5 | |
| Total valid votes | Total valid votes | Total valid votes | 42,734 | 100.0 |
1974 Canadian federal election :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Progressive Conservative | Bruce Halliday | 18,934 | 46.4 | -16.2 |
| | Liberal | Charlie Tatham | 17,506 | 42.9 | +12.0 |
| | New Democratic | Peter Klynstra | 4,398 | 10.8 | +4.1 |
| Total valid votes | Total valid votes | Total valid votes | 40,838 | 100.0 |
1972 Canadian federal election :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Progressive Conservative | Wally Nesbitt | 25,438 | 62.5 | +9.0 |
| | Liberal | Charlie Tatham | 12,540 | 30.8 | -5.9 |
| | New Democratic | Ron Wettlaufer | 2,703 | 6.6 | -3.0 |
| Total valid votes | Total valid votes | Total valid votes | 40,681 | 100.0 |
1968 Canadian federal election :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Progressive Conservative | Wally Nesbitt | 18,504 | 53.6 | -2.1 |
| | Liberal | Charlie Tatham | 12,697 | 36.8 | +4.6 |
| | New Democratic | John Hilborn | 3,335 | 9.7 | -2.5 |
| Total valid votes | Total valid votes | Total valid votes | 34,536 | 100.0 |
1965 Canadian federal election :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Progressive Conservative | Wally Nesbitt | 17,657 | 55.6 | -4.8 |
| | Liberal | Leslie MacDonald Ball | 10,202 | 32.2 | -0.1 |
| | New Democratic | Margaret Caffyn | 3,870 | 12.2 | +7.4 |
| Total valid votes | Total valid votes | Total valid votes | 31,729 | 100.0 |
1963 Canadian federal election :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Progressive Conservative | Wally Nesbitt | 19,402 | 60.4 | +2.6 |
| | Liberal | William Young | 10,359 | 32.3 | -1.6 |
| | New Democratic | Wilf Vale | 1,550 | 4.8 | -1.2 |
| | Social Credit | Margaret Elsom | 805 | 2.5 | +0.2 |
| Total valid votes | Total valid votes | Total valid votes | 32,116 | 100.0 |
1962 Canadian federal election :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Progressive Conservative | Wally Nesbitt | 18,352 | 57.8 | -17.3 |
| | Liberal | Robert Alan MacDougall | 10,731 | 33.8 | +9.0 |
| | New Democratic | Wilf Vale | 1,918 | 6.0 | |
| | Social Credit | Charles Elsom | 735 | 2.3 | |
| Total valid votes | Total valid votes | Total valid votes | 31,736 | 100.0 |
1958 Canadian federal election :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Progressive Conservative | Wally Nesbitt | 22,079 | 75.1 | +6.3 |
| | Liberal | Hector Alexander Clark | 7,305 | 24.9 | +74.8 |
| Total valid votes | Total valid votes | Total valid votes | 29,384 | 100.0 |
1957 Canadian federal election :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Progressive Conservative | Wally Nesbitt | 20,404 | 68.9 | +18.8 |
| | Liberal | Bruce McCall | 8,275 | 27.9 | |
| | Social Credit | Charlie Elsom | 944 | 3.2 | |
| Total valid votes | Total valid votes | Total valid votes | 29,623 | 100.0 |
1953 Canadian federal election :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Progressive Conservative | Wally Nesbitt | 12,693 | 50.1 | +4.8 |
| | Liberal | Alexander Clark Murray | 12,654 | 49.9 | +1.6 |
| Total valid votes | Total valid votes | Total valid votes | 25,347 | 100.0 |
1949 Canadian federal election :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Liberal | Alexander Clark Murray | 12,581 | 48.3 | +6.6 |
| | Progressive Conservative | Kenneth Daniel | 11,791 | 45.2 | -3.6 |
| | Co-operative Commonwealth | William Gordon Goodwin | 1,688 | 6.5 | |
| Total valid votes | Total valid votes | Total valid votes | 26,060 | 100.0 |
1945 Canadian federal election :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Progressive Conservative | Kenneth Daniel | 11,916 | 48.9 | +5.8 |
| | Liberal | Almon Secord Rennie | 10,149 | 41.6 | -15.2 |
| | Co-operative Commonwealth | Ralph Burton | 2,310 | 9.5 | |
| Total valid votes | Total valid votes | Total valid votes | 24,375 | 100.0 |
Note: Progressive Conservative vote is compared to "National Government" vote in 1940 election.
1940 Canadian federal election :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Liberal | Almon Secord Rennie | 10,975 | 56.9 | +9.1 |
| | National Government | Charles Thomas Milton | 8,325 | 43.1 | +7.0 |
| Total valid votes | Total valid votes | Total valid votes | 19,300 | 100.0 |
Note: "National Government" vote is compared to Conservative vote in 1935 election.
1935 Canadian federal election :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Liberal | Almon Secord Rennie | 11,438 | 47.8 |
| | Conservative | Donald Matheson Sutherland | 8,655 | 36.2 |
| | Reconstruction | Richard Harley Mayberry | 2,953 | 12.3 |
| | Co-operative Commonwealth | William Andrew MacLeod | 886 | 3.7 |
| Total valid votes | Total valid votes | Total valid votes | 23,932 | 100.0 |