# Provincial assemblies of Nepal

The Provincial Assembly (Nepali: प्रदेश सभा; Pradesh Sabha) is the unicameral legislative assembly for a federal province of Nepal.
According to Article 176 of the Constitution of Nepal 2015, following the dissolution of the provincial assembly all the members forming the Provincial Assembly are elected. The term for the Provincial Assembly is five years, except when dissolved earlier.
Candidates for each constituency are chosen by the political parties or stand as independents. Each constituency elects one member under the first-past-the-post system of election. Since Nepal uses a parallel voting system, voters cast another ballot to elect members through the party-list proportional representation. The current constitution specifies that 60 percent of the members should be elected from the first-past-the-post system and 40 percent through the party-list proportional representation system. Women should account for one-third of the total members elected from each party and if one-third percentage are not elected, the party that fails to ensure so shall have to elect one-third of the total number as women through the party-list proportional representation.
A party with an overall majority (more seats than all other parties combined) following an election forms the government. If a party has no outright majority, parties can seek to form coalitions.
The first provincial assembly elections in Nepal were held in two phases, on 26 November 2017 and on 7 December 2017.
There are 550 provincial seats in all of the seven provinces of Nepal, in which 330 (60%) of the provincial seats will be elected through first-past-the-post voting and 220 (40%) of seats will be elected through proportional representation.

## List of provincial assemblies

| Assembly | House strength | House strength | House strength | Seat | Ruling party | Ruling party | Current house |
| Assembly | FPTP Seats | PR Seats | Total seats | Seat | Ruling party | Ruling party | Current house |
| Koshi Province | 56 | 37 | 93 | Biratnagar | | CPN (UML) | 2nd |
| Madhesh Province | 64 | 43 | 107 | Janakpur | | Janamat | 2nd |
| Bagmati Province | 66 | 44 | 110 | Hetauda | | Nepali Congress | 2nd |
| Gandaki Province | 36 | 24 | 60 | Pokhara | | Nepali Congress | 2nd |
| Lumbini Province | 52 | 35 | 87 | Deukhuri | | CPN (UML) | 2nd |
| Karnali Province | 24 | 16 | 40 | Birendranagar | | CPN (UML) | 2nd |
| Sudurpashchim Province | 32 | 21 | 53 | Godawari | | Nepali Congress | 2nd |
| Total | 330 | 220 | 550 | — | — | — | — |

### Seat distribution

| Provincial Assembly | Total seats | Seats | Seats | Seats | Seats | Seats | Seats | Seats | Seats | Seats | Seats | Seats | Seats | Seats | Seats | Seats |
| Provincial Assembly | Total seats | NC | UML | MC | RPP | US | PSP-N | JP | NUP | LSP | PSP | NMKP | HNP | RJM | NFSP | Ind |
| Koshi | 93 | 29 | 40 | 13 | 6 | 4 | | | | | 1 | | | | | |
| Madhesh | 107 | 22 | 24 | 9 | 1 | 7 | 20 | 13 | 1 | 9 | | | | | 1 | |
| Bagmati | 110 | 37 | 27 | 21 | 13 | 7 | | | | | | 3 | 2 | | | |
| Gandaki | 60 | 27 | 22 | 8 | 2 | | | | | | | | | | | 1 |
| Lumbini | 87 | 27 | 29 | 11 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 2 | | | 1 | | 1 |
| Karnali | 40 | 15 | 10 | 13 | 1 | 1 | | | | | | | | | | |
| Sudurpashchim | 53 | 18 | 11 | 11 | 1 | 4 | | | 7 | | | | | | | 1 |
| Total | 550 | 175 | 163 | 86 | 28 | 24 | 21 | 16 | 12 | 12 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 3 |

## Koshi Provincial Assembly

As per the Constituency Delimitation Commission report, Koshi Province has 56 provincial seats under the FPTP (first-past-the-post) across 14 districts.
| Districts | Constituencies |
| Taplejung District | 2 |
| Panchthar District | 2 |
| Ilam District | 4 |
| Jhapa District | 10 |
| Morang District | 12 |
| Sunsari District | 8 |
| Dhankuta District | 2 |
| Sankhuwasabha District | 2 |
| Bhojpur District | 2 |
| Tehrathum District | 2 |
| Okhaldhunga District | 2 |
| Khotang District | 2 |
| Solukhumbu District | 2 |
| Udayapur District | 4 |

## Madhesh Provincial Assembly

Each district of Madhesh province has 8 provincial assembly seats, totalling to 64 seats under FPTP.$^{:7}$
| Districts | Constituencies |
| Saptari District | 8 |
| Siraha District | 8 |
| Dhanusha District | 8 |
| Mahottari District | 8 |
| Sarlahi District | 8 |
| Rautahat District | 8 |
| Bara District | 8 |
| Parsa District | 8 |

## Bagmati Provincial Assembly

Bagmati has 66 provincial assembly seats under FPTP.
| Districts | Constituencies |
| Sindhuli District | 4 |
| Ramechhap District | 2 |
| Dolakha District | 2 |
| Sindhupalchok District | 4 |
| Kavrepalanchok District | 4 |
| Lalitpur District | 6 |
| Bhaktapur District | 4 |
| Kathmandu District | 20 |
| Nuwakot District | 4 |
| Rasuwa District | 2 |
| Dhading District | 4 |
| Makwanpur District | 4 |
| Chitwan District | 6 |

## Gandaki Provincial Assembly

Gandaki has 36 provincial assembly seats under FPTP.
| Districts | Constituencies |
| Gorkha District | 4 |
| Lamjung District | 2 |
| Tanahu District | 4 |
| Syangja District | 4 |
| Kaski District | 6 |
| Manang District | 2 |
| Mustang District | 2 |
| Parbat District | 2 |
| Myagdi District | 2 |
| Baglung District | 4 |
| Nawalpur District | 4 |

## Lumbini Provincial Assembly

Lumbini has 52 provincial assembly seats under FPTP.
| Districts | Constituencies |
| Gulmi District | 4 |
| Palpa District | 4 |
| Rupandehi District | 10 |
| Arghakhanchi District | 2 |
| Kapilvastu District | 6 |
| Pyuthan District | 2 |
| Rolpa District | 2 |
| Dang District | 6 |
| Bardiya District | 4 |
| Banke District | 6 |
| Parasi District | 4 |
| Eastern Rukum District | 2 |

## Karnali Provincial Assembly

Karnali has 24 provincial assembly seats under FPTP.
| Districts | Constituencies |
| Salyan District | 2 |
| Surkhet District | 4 |
| Dailekh District | 4 |
| Jajarkot District | 2 |
| Dolpa District | 2 |
| Humla District | 2 |
| Kalikot District | 2 |
| Mugu District | 2 |
| Jumla District | 2 |
| Western Rukum District | 2 |

## Sudurpashchim Provincial Assembly

Sudurpashchim has 32 provincial assembly seats under FPTP.
| Districts | Constituencies |
| Bajura District | 2 |
| Bajhang District | 2 |
| Achham District | 4 |
| Doti District | 2 |
| Kailali District | 10 |
| Kanchanpur District | 6 |
| Dadeldhura District | 2 |
| Baitadi District | 2 |
| Darchula District | 2 |