OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 1885 Chinese expulsion from Eureka

1885 Chinese expulsion from Eureka was an ethnic cleansing event that took place in Eureka, California on February 7, 1885.

## Background

Anti-Chinese sentiment in the United States had been rising since mid-19th century. Numerous anti-Chinese riots broke out in the west, including California. The San Francisco riot of 1877 led to the formation of the Workingmen's Party of California that same year; its slogan "The Chinese must go!" served to further incite resentment toward Chinese immigrants. The growing sinophobia was reflected in 1882 when the United States Congress passed the Chinese Exclusion Act, ceasing Chinese immigration.
In the Humboldt Bay area, the logging industry drew Chinese laborers, who formed a Chinatown in Eureka around Fourth and E streets. By 1880 the Chinese population in Eureka was reported to be 96.

## Expulsion

On the evening of February 6, 1885, around 6 pm, Eureka City Councilman David Kendall was caught in the crossfire of two rival Chinese gangs and killed. Two hundred feet from Chinatown was Centennial Hall (built a decade before to celebrate the 100th anniversary of the Declaration of Independence), where a crowd of over 600 whites gathered and decided to evict the Chinese.
Next day, February 7, city resolutions were passed stipulating that "all Chinamen be expelled from the city and that none be allowed to return."
A Committee of Fifteen organized the systemic deportation of virtually all 480 Chinese residents aboard two steamships to San Francisco; only a few Chinese managed to stay within the county.
Amazingly, no fatalities occurred during the expulsion, but Chinatown was demolished, with nothing left behind. To this day, there are few Asians in Humboldt County.

## Aftermath

This "peaceful" method of expelling Chinese was touted as The Eureka Method (or Eureka Plan), and served as a model for Chinese expulsions in other California cities, including Crescent City (1885), Arcata (1886), Ferndale (1906), as well as other towns along the west coast such as Tacoma, Washington (1885).
* The Chinese must go!
In 1886 the San Francisco Chinese Six Companies sued the city of Eureka in Wing Hing vs. Eureka, demanding reparations and financial compensation as a consequence of the expulsion, but the case was dropped since the Chinese could not own land, they had lost no property.
In 1890, the Humboldt County business directory boasted it is "The Only County in the State Containing No Chinamen".
Exclusion of Chinese and other Asians in Eureka continued well into the 20th century. In 1941, the Eureka City Council revised its charter:
   Sec. 190 No Chinese shall ever be employed, either directly or indirectly on any work of the city, or in the performance of any contract or sub-contract of the city, except in punishment of a crime. Nor shall any provisions, supplies, materials, or articles of Chinese manufacture or production ever be use or purchased by or furnished to the city.
This section was not removed from Eureka's charter until 1959.
# Erynnis baptisiae

Erynnis baptisiae, the wild indigo duskywing, is a species of butterfly of the family Hesperiidae. It is found in North America from southern Ontario and New England, west to central Nebraska, and south to Georgia, the Gulf Coast, and south-central Texas.
Host plants include wild indigo, wild blue indigo, lupine, false lupine, and crown vetch.
# SN 2021aefx

SN 2021aefx is a Type Ia supernova discovered in 2021 in the galaxy NGC 1566.

## Discovery

SN 2021aefx was discovered on November 11, 2021, by the Distance Less Than 40 Mpc (DLT40) transient survey in the spiral galaxy NGC 1566 at a distance of 17.69 ± 2.02 Mpc. It is located 61.2″ west and 36.5″ south of the center. It was discovered at apparent magnitude of 17.24 and classified as a high-velocity SN Type Ia.

## Observations

SN 2021aefx was observed in multiband by the Precision Observations for Infant Supernovae Explosions (POISE) a day after discovery. The photometry was obtained on the 1 m Swope Telescope at the Las Campanas Observatory. Observations were acquired twice per night in order to look for small scale fluctuations in the light curve.
The brightness and close proximity of SN 2021aefx make it an excellent target for nebular-phase James Webb Space Telescope observations. Kwok et al. (2022) and DerKacy et al. (2023) provided the first demonstration of the impressive spectroscopic capabilities of JWST for studying nebular-phase SNe Ia. Their spectra of SN 2021aefx, obtained +255 and +323 days after, respectively, represent the highest-quality look at the emission properties >2.5 μm of SNe Ia to date. Their spectra show prominent emission features from the iron-group elements (Ni, Co, Fe), as well as a wide, flat-topped [Ar iii] profile that indicates a spherical shell of emission.
Researchers show that "the observations of SN 2021aefx are consistent with an off-center delayed detonation explosion of a near–Chandrasekhar mass (MCh) WD at a viewing angle of −30° relative to the point of the deflagration to detonation transition."
# The Swans of Nepryadva

The Swans of Nepryadva (Russian: Лебеди Непрядвы) is a Soviet animated film about the medieval Battle of Kulikovo, released at its 600th anniversary. The film was directed by Roman Davydov at Soyuzmultfilm studio in 1980.

## Plot

The film starts with a history of the 13th century, showing the Mongol invasions and the Battle of the Kalka River. A century and a half later, Prince Dmitry Ivanovich of Moscow explains to his son why he rides to the Horde. Meanwhile, the Tatar general Mamai hears the report of his servant about the defeat of Mongol and Tatar forces iat the Battle of the Vozha River and decides to make a new campaign against the Russians.
Prince Dmitry prepares for the battle and takes a ride to Sergius of Radonezh for a blessing. After this, his army rides to Kulikovo Field. Together with an old commander Bobrok, he thinks over the strategy of the upcoming battle. By dawn, the Russians and the united Mongol and Tatar armies take position for battle. It starts with the duel of Alexander Peresvet and Chelubey. The former is a monk, one of two brothers that Sergius sent with Dmitry, and the latter is a Mongol warrior. In the duel, the warriors pierce each other with spears and die the same moment. The Russian army holds the pressure of the Mongols, until Mamai sends reinforcements. The knights of the ambush regiment, whose head is Bobrok, urge them to assist, but the commander waits for a signal.

## Cast

* Prince Dmitry Ivanovich — Konstantin Zakharov
* Sergius of Radonezh — Nikolai Sergeyev
* Voivoda Bobrok-Volinets — Stepan Bubnov
* Prince Vladimir — Lev Shabarin
* Peresvet — M. Kislyarov
* Blacksmith — Vladimir Burlakov
* Mamai — Vladimir Kenigson
* Text by historian — Felix Yavorsky

## Creators

* Director: Roman Davydov
* Script: Arkady Snessarev
* Art directors: Alexander Vinokurov, Nikolai Yerykalov
* Cameraman: Boris Kotov
* Music: Vladimir Krivtsov
* Sound: Vladimir Kutuzov
* Animators: Oleg Safronov, Viktor Shevkov, V. Komarov, Vladimir Zarubin, Fedor Yeldinov, Vladimir Shevchenko, Alexander Mazaev, Alexander Davydov, Vitaliy Bobrov, Alexei Bukin, Vladimir Vyshegorodtsev
* Historic consultant - professor dr. V. Buganov
* Editor: Elena Nikitkina
* Director of the picture: Nikolay Yevlukhin
# My Powerful Community

My Powerful Community (Armenian: Իմ հզոր համայնքը, romanized: Im hzor hamaynk’y), also known as My Strong Community is an Armenian political party. On 7 October 2021, Spartak Tartikyan became the Chairman of the party.

## History

The party was originally established by Narek Samsonyan, it was rebranded in 2021 ahead of local elections occurring throughout Armenia. Spartak Tartikyan became the new leader of the party. It was speculated that the party was re-branded by the Republican Party of Armenia as a way for them to operate in elections under a different name.
In December 2021, the party participated in municipal elections in the town of Vedi, winning the majority of the popular vote. In April 2022, several party members who won seats in the town's local council were terminated from their posts.
The party endorsed the I Have Honor Alliance ahead of the 2021 Armenian parliamentary elections.
In March 2022, during local elections, the party was accused of taking voters by busses to polling stations. Some party members were also accused of having physical altercations with voters.
In August 2022, the party formed an electoral alliance with the Reformist Party ahead of municipal elections in three cities.
In March 2023, the party participated in local elections in the Ani district of Shirak Province.
The party has never participated in national elections and has no political representation within the National Assembly.
# Experiment (1988 film)

Eksperiment (Russian: Эксперимент, lit. Experiment) is a 1988 Soyuzmultfilm's satirical animated film about the bureaucrats directed by Yefim Gamburg and written by Michail Gurevich and Olgert Libkin. It was created in traditional hand-drawn animation technique.

## Plot

Experiment is set in a town, where the citizens were forced walk everywhere by foot because of constant traffic jams. To solve this situation, city officials decided to conduct an experiment: people were allowed to fly. Most citizens immediately grew wings and quickly moved to a new lifestyle, however, for some reason wings did not grow on few others. To find such wingless people a place for life, they decided to appoint flight supervisors and invented strict rules and regulations for the flights.
# Bandula Lal Bandarigoda

Bandula Lal Bandarigoda is a Sri Lankan politician. He is a current member of the parliament of Sri Lanka for Galle District. Bandarigoda is member of the Samagi Jana Balawegaya and previously served as a member of the Southern Provincial Council, before being electing to parliament. He received his education at Nagoda Royal National College.
# Jim Wilson (winger)

Jim Wilson was a Scottish footballer who played in the Football League for Bolton Wanderers.
# Poppay Ki Wedding

Poppay Ki Wedding is a 2024 Pakistani romantic comedy film directed, written and produced by Kanza Zia and Ammar Lasani. It stars Nazish Jahangir and Khushal Khan in leading roles. The film released on 10 May 2024, under the film production banners of Hum Films and Starstruck Films.

## Plot

Poppa a modern city boy, accustomed to making his own choices, returns to his hometown for his sister's wedding, he's shocked to discover that his family has taken the liberty of arranging his marriage to a girl he's never met. The news comes as a cultural shock, as he's never believed in traditional arranged marriages.
Determined to challenge his family's customs and take control of his own life, his sole objective becomes to catch a glimpse of his future bride's face before the wedding day arrives. He's curious to know who she is, what she likes, and if they share any common interests. But, as he navigates the complexities of his family's expectations and the weight of tradition, he begins to realize that his quest for autonomy may come at a higher cost than he anticipated.

## Cast

* Khushhal Khan as Poppa
* Nazish Jahangir as Bride's friend
* Rehan Sheikh as Shah Sahib
* Shamyale Nasir as Chuchu
* Irum Bajwa as Mrs. Shah
* Sarah Aijaz Khan as Pino
* Robina Naz as Phuphi
* Aleezay Rasul as Mooni
* Malik Anjum Zaman

## Production

The teaser for the series was released on 3 April 2024. Final trailer was released on 17 April 2024. Khushhal Khan and Nazish Jahangir made their first on-screen appearance and made their first film debut. Principal photography began in October 2023 and the film released on May 10, 2024.

## Soundtracks

The music for the film is directed by Ali Mustafa and Rahul Lakhanpal and the sound mixing by Ganesh.

### Tracks
## Release

The film released domestic and internationally on 10 May 2024. Premier for the film also held on the release day.
# Jack Hendry (footballer, born 1867)

John Hendry (1867 – 1917) was a Scottish footballer who played in the Football League for Notts County. Jack Hendry was responsible for the handball foul in the February 1891 FA Cup quarter final that is credited for changing opinion in English soccer about the legitimacy of penalty kicks. Hendry had denied Stoke an equaliser With only seconds of the game remaining by handling the ball on the goal-line. The resulting free-kick was lost denying Stoke chance of a place in the semi-final while Notts proceeded as far as the 1891 FA Cup Final.
# Academy of Natural Sciences (disambiguation)

Academy of Natural Sciences usually refers to the Academy of Natural Sciences of Drexel University.
Academy of Natural Sciences may also refer to:
* Crater Academy of Natural Sciences, a high school in Oregon, United States
* Russian Academy of Natural Sciences, Moscow
* Swiss Academy of Natural Sciences
# Bucket chain excavator

A bucket chain excavator (BCE) is a piece of heavy equipment used in surface mining and dredging. BCEs use buckets on a revolving chain to remove large quantities of material. They are similar to bucket-wheel excavators and trenchers. Bucket chain excavators remove material from below their plane of movement, which is useful if the pit floor is unstable or underwater.

## History

The first documented use of a bucket chain excavator was in 1859 by Alphonse Couvreux, a French entrepreneur. Several Couvreux BCEs were used in the construction of the Suez Canal.

## Overview

A bucket chain excavator works similarly to a bucket wheel excavator, using a series of buckets to dig into the material before dumping it in the bucket chute and depositing it through a discharge boom. The primary difference is that the buckets are mounted on a flexible chain similarly to a chainsaw blade rather than on a rigid wheel. BCEs are used primarily to excavate material below the vehicle's superstructure while bucket wheel excavators focus primarily on excavating top soil overburden and/or resources.
BCEs vary in range and size, although the majority of them are extremely large, with some capable of excavating 14,500 m$^3$/h. The average BCE from Tenova Takraf for example, weighs around 1,150 tons and has a combined length of 58.5 meters, with a 23.5 meter long bucket ladder. The speed of the bucket chain is 1.22 m/s with a digging force of 1,170 kN/m$^2$. BCEs such as the RK 5000 from the Czech Republic weigh up to 5,000 tons. The largest BCE model currently known is the Takraf Type Es 3750, with a length of over 130 meters, a height of around 40 meters and a weight of 5,118 t (11,300,000 lb)
Nevertheless, bucket chain excavators are usually smaller than bucket wheel excavators, dragline excavators or conveyor bridges due to the limitations of excavating materials below the base of the vehicle.

## Structure

The superstructure of a bucket chain excavator is similar to that of a bucket wheel excavator.
The primary component of bucket chain excavators is the bucket ladder and the bucket-chain. Unlike the buckets on a BWE, the buckets on the chain face downwards, allowing the machine to remove overburden or materials significantly below the bench or travel level.
The excavated materials are deposited through the bucket chute. Material can be transferred to a bench conveyor directly or via a discharge boom or mobile conveyor bridge.
Like the BWEs, bucket chain excavators also feature a fixed or rotating superstructure with a counterweight boom that allows the cutting boom a certain degree of verticality. Likewise have a substructure equipped with either a rail or crawler-mounted undercarriage for mobility and transportation. Some BCEs have 'hopping' pontoons similar to those found on walking dragline excavators.

## Gallery

* Two Type Es 3750 BCEs supporting a conveyor bridge.
* RK 5000 BCE with walking mechanism.
* Open pit mining in Cottbus-Nord
* Bucket dredger Heimdall
* Bucket dredging
# Shasheendra Rajapaksa

Shasheendra Kumara Rajapaksa (known as Shasheendra Rajapaksa) is a Sri Lankan politician. He is a Member of Sri Lankan Parliament for Monaragala District and former State Minister of Paddy and Cereals, Organic Food, Vegetables, Fruits, Chilies, Onions and Potatoes, Seed Production and High Tech Agriculture.
He was a Provincial Councillor of Uva Province who was Chief Minister of Uva Province in Sri Lanka from 2009 to 2015, and former Basnayake Nilame (Lay Custodian) of the Ruhunu Maha Kataragama devalaya. He is the eldest son of Chamal Rajapaksa and nephew of former Presidents Mahinda Rajapaksa and Gotabaya Rajapaksa. Rajapaksa lost his position as Chief Minister of Uva Province to UNP leader Badulla Harin Fernando in 2015, when 6 UPFA members joined Fernando.
# James Bain (footballer)

James Bain (1878 – unknown) was a Scottish footballer. His regular position was as a forward. He was born in Dundee. He played for Dundee and Manchester United.
# Jimmy Davidson (footballer, born 1873)

James Wilkie Davidson (25 October 1873 – unknown) was a Scottish professional association footballer who played as an inside forward.

## Career

Davidson started his career at Celtic before moving to Burnley. In March 1897 Davidson also had a loan spell with Lincoln City. He helped Lincoln win the Lincolnshire Cup at the end of the season. Then in May 1897 he signed to Tottenham Hotspur for one season. On 4 September 1897 Davidson made his debut in a Southern League away game against Sheppey United which finished in a 3–3 draw. Davidson played regularly in the Southern and United League but didn't have his contract renewed at the end of the season and thus moved to Brighton United. After two years at Brighton he returned to Burnley.

## Honours

Lincoln City
* Lincolnshire Cup: 1897

## Appearances

Appearances and goals by club, season and competition :
| Club | Season | Southern League | Southern League | United League | United League | FA Cup | FA Cup | Other | Other | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Tottenham Hotspur | 1897–98 | 17 | 5 | 13 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 16 | 9 | 46 | 15 |
# James Dunlop (footballer)

James Dunlop (17 May 1870 – 11 January 1892) was a Scottish footballer who played for St Mirren and Scotland. Dunlop cut his knee while playing for St Mirren (where he had risen to the position of club captain) and subsequently died due to a tetanus infection, aged 21.
He is buried in Woodside Cemetery in western Paisley. The grave stands at the top of the hill against the north side of the crematorium.
# James Fisher (footballer)

James Fisher (1876 – unknown) was a Scottish footballer. His regular position was as a forward. He was born in Stirling. He played for East Stirlingshire, St Bernard's, Aston Villa, King's Park, and Manchester United.
# Tommy Fitzsimmons

Thomas Fitzsimmons (15 June 1872 – 1934) was a Scottish footballer. His regular position was as a forward. He was born in Annbank, Ayrshire. He played for Annbank (featuring for the village team at various between spells at other clubs), Celtic (playing a single trial match in the Scottish Football League – against Rangers), St Mirren, Glossop North End, Fairfield Athletic, Oldham County, Wigan County and two spells at Manchester United (then known as Newton Heath). His younger brother David, a half back, also played for Newton Heath, Fairfield and Wigan.
In 2021, his medal from the 1893 Manchester Senior Cup, believed to be the oldest such item relating to Manchester United to have been offered for sale, was auctioned for £24,000.
# William Garside

William Garside (26 February 1872 – 2 October 1951) was a Scottish footballer who played in the Football League for Bury.
# James Henderson (footballer, born 1871)

James Henderson (1871–unknown) was a Scottish footballer who played in the Football League for Bury.
# Bobby Marshall (footballer, born 1876)

Robert Grant Marshall (1876 – 1962) was a Scottish footballer who played as an outside-right, notably for Liverpool and Portsmouth.
Marshall started his career in his native Scotland with Leith Athletic. He left the club in 1897 to transfer to Liverpool, of the English First Division. Marshall struggled to establish himself as a regular at the club and, in 1899, transferred to Portsmouth. He went on to make 131 appearances, scoring 19 goals and helping the side win the Southern Football League in the 1901–02 season.
He was unrelated to John Marshall, who scored for Third Lanark in the 1889 Scottish Cup Final against Celtic.
# Slope Formation

The Slope Formation is a geologic formation in western North Dakota. It preserves fossils dating back to the Paleogene Period.
# Yanaka Cemetery

Yanaka Cemetery (谷中霊園, Yanaka Reien) is a large cemetery located north of Ueno in Yanaka 7-chome, Taito, Tokyo, Japan. The Yanaka sector of Taito is one of the few Tokyo neighborhoods in which the old Shitamachi atmosphere can still be felt. The cemetery is famous for its beautiful cherry blossoms in April that completely cover its paths, and for that reason that its central street is often called Cherry-blossom Avenue.

## Description

Although renamed over 85 years ago, the cemetery is still often called by its old official name, Yanaka Bochi (谷中墓地, Yanaka Graveyard), and not Yanaka Reien. It has an area of over 100 thousand square meters and hosts about 7 thousand graves. The cemetery has its own police station and a small walled enclosure dedicated to the Tokugawa clan, family of the 15 Tokugawa shōguns of Japan, which however is closed to the public and must be peeked at through double barred gates. The last shōgun Tokugawa Yoshinobu, also known as Keiki, rests here.
The cemetery used to be part of a Buddhist temple called Tennō-ji (天王寺), and its central street used to be the road (sandō) approaching it. At about the middle point of the central street are the ruins of the five-storied pagoda that became the model for Kōda Rohan's novel The Five-Storied Pagoda. The pagoda had been a donation made in 1908 by Tenno-ji itself. The five-storied pagoda was burned one summer night in 1957 in the Yanaka Five-Storied Pagoda Double-Suicide Arson Case and was later declared a historical landmark by the city authorities.

## History

After the Meiji Restoration, the government pursued a policy of separation of Buddhism and Shinto (Shinbutsu bunri), and Shinto funerals became more common. This posed however a problem because until then most cemeteries had been property of Buddhist temples. The solution adopted was the opening of public burial grounds. In 1872, Meiji authorities confiscated a portion of Tennō-ji and declared it a public Tokyo cemetery, the largest in the country at the time. In 1935 the name was changed from Yanaka Bochi to the present (Yanaka Reien).

## Notable burials

* Arisaka Nariakira
* Baba Tatsui
* Ichirō Hatoyama
* Ichiyo Higuchi
* Momoko Kochi
* Oden Takahashi
* Shibusawa Eiichi
* Murata Tsuneyoshi
* Tokugawa Yoshinobu
* Nicholas of Japan
* Jōno Saigiku

## Access

The cemetery lies 1 minute from JR's Nippori Station and 5 minutes from JR's Nishi-Nippori Station and Uguisudani Station.
# 2016 census

2016 census may refer to:
* 2016 Alberta municipal censuses
* 2016 Australian census
* 2016 Canadian Census
* Great Elephant Census