OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Soratte Bunker

The Soratte Bunker is an air raid shelter located under Monte Soratte near Rome, Italy. It was part of a subterranean bunker complex constructed between 1937 and 1943. It was the Headquarters used by Generalfeldmarschall Albert Kesselring from September 1943 to June 1944.

## Construction

In the late 1930s, the Italian government commissioned a network of underground galleries and anti-aircraft bunkers under Monte Soratte, about 45 km (28 mi) north of Rome.
Secret excavation work began in 1937 to build a huge air-raid shelter intended to house the Italian government and Comando Supremo should Rome come under siege. The works were conducted by direction of Military Engineering Corps of Rome. Over 4.5 km of underground tunnels were dug into the bowels of the Mountain. The tunnels were reinforced with a layer of cement up to two metres thick and they extended to a depth of over 300 meters (985 feet) underground. The bunker occupied almost 500,000 cubic yards. It had its own water supply, a heating system, electric generator, sewers, radio communications, dormitories, kitchens, storerooms and arms deposits. The complex was initially to spread along 14 km (9 mi) of galleries deep under the mountain, but the work was never completed because of the Italian capitulation.
After the 8 September 1943 Frascati air raid, the extensive bunker became the headquarters of the German occupying forces commanded by Generalfeldmarschall Albert Kesselring.
In the 1950s, the Italian Ministry of Defence used the bunker as a powder magazine before abandoning it in 1962. In the 1960s, during the years of Cold War, the bunker was turned into a fallout shelter for the Italian government and President in case of a nuclear attack on Rome. It would have housed 50 members of the government and 50 NATO technicians. Work on the construction of the atomic bunker began in 1967 and lasted until 1972. In 1989 the bunker fell into disuse. It was kept secret until 2008. Soratte underground network can now be visited.

## Decauville railway

On 9 November 2024, an electric Decauville Railway was put into operation in the Monte Soratte bunker, allowing visitors to tour 2.5 km of the previously inaccessible tunnels. The train can also be used independently of the normal tour. What is unusual is that it is a faithful reconstruction of what actually happened here in the mountain. State-of-the-art virtual reality technology is used to recreate history by visualising the bombing of Monte Soratte during the Second World War.
The project was brought to life thanks to many years of effective cooperation between the municipality of Santoreste and the Soratte Bunker Association, which manages the site and looks after the bunker complex. It is now possible to visit the tunnel complex on a narrow-gauge railway, which has been constructed in a modern design that complies with current regulations and can be used by the elderly and children like a fairground ride.
# Erwin Steinberg

Erwin Ray Steinberg (November 15, 1920 - October 2, 2012) was an American scholar and professor.
He began teaching at the Carnegie Institute of Technology, now known as Carnegie Mellon University, in 1946, fresh from the U.S. Army Air Force. He was the dean of Carnegie Tech's Margaret Morrison Carnegie College from 1960 until it closed in 1973, and he was the first dean of the Dietrich College of Humanities and Social Sciences. He also held the Thomas S. Baker Professorship of English and Interdisciplinary Studies from 1981 to 1993, and in 1991 he was named Carnegie Mellon's first vice provost for education. In October 2006, at the 25th anniversary of the Master of Arts in Professional Writing Program that he helped found, Baker Hall A53 was named the Erwin R. Steinberg Auditorium in honor of his record of achievement and service to Carnegie Mellon. Then, at the age of 86 and after 60 years of teaching, he announced his retirement and taught his last classes in the Fall 2006 semester. He died of pneumonia in 2012.

## Education

* Ph.D., New York University, 1956
* M.S., State University of New York, 1942
* B.S., State University of New York at Albany, 1941

## Major research interests

* European novelists of the early twentieth century: esp. James Joyce, Virginia Woolf, D. H. Lawrence, and Franz Kafka.
* Style, composition, assessment of the teaching of writing.

## Recent Papers

* "Are Our Courses Working?" (with N. Ann Chenoweth, John R. Hayes, Paul Gripp, Eliza Beth Littleton, and David A. Van Every), Written Communication 16 (January 1999), 39–50.
* "Otto Weininger’s Sex and Character Was Never ‘Prime Material for a Comedy,'" James Joyce Quarterly, vol. 36, no. 3 (Spring 1999), 634–640.
* "Reading the Vision of Rudy Reading," James Joyce Quarterly, vol. 36, no. 4 (Summer 1999), 954–961.
* "The Source(s) of Joyce's Anti-Semitism in Ulysses," Joyce Studies Annual, ed. Thomas Staley, 10 (1999), 63–84.

## Selected books

* Approaches to Teaching Joyce's ULYSSES, co-ed with Kathleen McCormick. New York: Modern Language Association, 1993.
* Plain Language: Principles and Practice, ed. Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 1991.
* Communication in Business and Industry, with William M. Schutte. Malabar, Fla.: Krieger, 1991.
* Cognitive Processes in Writing, ed. Hillsdale, N. J.: Erlbaum, 1980.
* The Stream-of-Consciousness Technique in the Modern Novel, ed. Port Washington, N. Y.: Kennikat, 1979.
* The Stream of Consciousness and Beyond in ULYSSES. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1973.
* Needed Research in the Teaching of English, ed. Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1963.
# Hellenocentrism

Hellenocentrism or Grecocentrism is a worldview centered on Greeks and Greek civilization. The worldview presupposes the idea that Greeks were somehow unique in world history and that Greek civilization essentially emerged from within itself. Nonetheless such premises have been frequently questioned.

## Meanings

According to Hatoon al-Fassi, Hellenocentrism "is a vision of history that views the Greek world as the centre of the civilised universe." Werner Jaeger employs the term "hellenocentric" to describe the Greek influence on the advancement of modern European culture. He argues that European history should always begin with Greece, where, he believes, the West belongs, both "physically and intellectually". Greece should always be a source of inspiration for Europe because it is the "hellenocentric world" that possesses "the ideal", and because both the temporal and spiritual journey of Europe begins there. For Nasos Vayenas, hellenocentrism can be understood as "a conviction of the uniqueness of the Greek element and its superiority over everything foreign – a conviction that usually leads elevating Greekness to the level of an absolute value". Vayenas argues that it is rather a traditionalism that speaks of the discovery of a "silenced Greek tradition".
According to Heinrich von Staden, the term hellenocentrism appears to carry at least two charges in the history of science. The first is that science historians prefer Greek science to science from other ancient civilizations, often with disastrous consequences. The second is that Eurocentric historians prefer a version of 'science' that "allows them to credit the Greeks with the invention of science and of 'the' scientific method". In Enrique Dussel's view, Hellenocentrism asserts that Greece is the cultural origin of the West and that Greek civilization "owes nothing to the Egyptians and Semites," arguing that Greece was nothing more than a "dependent" and "peripheral Western part" of the Middle East.

## Implications

Lidewijde de Jong maintains that hellenocentrism is deeply rooted in European history and archaeology. For Peter Green, it has "distorted and diminished the achievements of any civilisation" that came in contact with the Greeks. Han Lamers argues that proponents of a hellenocentric worldview, such as George Trapezuntius, sought to "reduce all forms of progress and decline ultimately to Greek affairs".
Enrique Dussel held that hellenocentrism is the forefather of Eurocentrism. For Markus Winkler, racism and colonialism have their roots in Eurocentric worldview which essentially emerged from ancient hellenocentrism. Kang Jung In and Eom Kwanyong also refer to hellenocentrism as the archetype of "Westcentrism" which, they argue, has adopted the Greek civilization as its "intellectual origin" and universalized it. According to Sabelo Ndlovu-Gatsheni, hellenocentrism paved the way for "Westernization" as a "process of imposing Euro-North American-centric values on other people" at the expense of their own values.
# Jimmy Collins (footballer, born 1872)

James Collins (1872–1900) was a Scottish footballer who played in the Football League for Newcastle United and Nottingham Forest.
# Kim Jong-dae

Kim Jong-dae (born September 21, 1992) is a male freestyle wrestler from South Korea. He participated in Men's freestyle 60 kg at 2008 Summer Olympics losing in the 1/8 of final with Murad Ramazanov.
# Zarzetka

Zarzetka is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Sadowne, within Węgrów County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.
# DD.43.T.139

DD.43.T.139 was a pigeon who received the Dickin Medal in February 1947 from the People's Dispensary for Sick Animals for bravery in service during the World War II. Serving with the Australian Army Signal Corps, DD.43.T.139 was cited for homing 40 miles (64 km) to Madang, Papua New Guinea during a heavy tropical storm after being released from an Australian army boat that was foundering. The message allowed a rescue ship to be sent in time to salvage the craft and its cargo of stores and ammunition.
# J. Michael Muro

James Michael Muro, Jr. (born October 12, 1964) is an American cinematographer and director. He is known primarily for his Steadicam work. In the late 1980s and 1990s, he was James Cameron's Steadicam operator of choice, working on the Cameron-directed films The Abyss, Terminator 2: Judgment Day, True Lies, and Titanic. Throughout his career, he has been credited as Jimmy Muro, James Muro, Jim Muro, and J. Michael Muro.
Muro also did Steadicam and B-camera operating on Kevin Costner's Academy Award-winning epic Dances with Wolves, contributing to cinematographer Dean Semler's win of the Academy Award for Best Cinematography. He has also worked on Costner's Open Range, making his debut as a director of photography.
In 1987, Muro made his directorial debut with the horror film Street Trash. He has directed several episodes of the Warner Bros. Television series Southland.

## Filmography

| Year | Film | Director | Notes |
| 2003 | Open Range | Kevin Costner | |
| 2004 | Crash | Paul Haggis | Nominated – BAFTA Award for Best Cinematography |
| 2005 | Roll Bounce | Malcolm D. Lee | |
| 2006 | Flicka | Michael Mayer | |
| 2007 | Rush Hour 3 | Brett Ratner | |
| 2007 | The Last Mimzy | Robert Shaye | |
| 2008 | Traitor | Jeffrey Nachmanoff | |
| 2009 | Cirque du Freak: The Vampire's Assistant | Paul Weitz | |
| 2011 | What's Your Number? | Mark Mylod | |
| 2013 | Parker | Taylor Hackford | |
| 2016 | The Book of Love | Bill Purple | |
| 2018 | Billionaire Boys Club | James Cox | |
| 2024 | Horizon: An American Saga – Chapter 1 | Kevin Costner | |
| 2024 | Horizon: An American Saga – Chapter 2 | Kevin Costner | |

## Personal life

Muro's father was the owner of Statewide Auto Parts, a now-defunct junkyard located at 1256 Grand Street, Brooklyn, New York City.
# Alaungdaw Kathapa Pagoda

The Alaungdaw Kathapa Pagoda (Burmese: အလောင်းတော် ကဿပ ဘုရား) is a Buddhist pagoda located in Kani Township, Sagaing Region, Myanmar.
According to local lore, the cave at the pagoda holds the preserved remains of Mahākāśyapa (Maha Kathapa in Burmese), a principal disciple of Gautama Buddha.

## Geography

The Alaungdaw Kathapa Pagoda is located at the center of the Alaungdaw Kathapa National Park in Kani Township, Sagaing Region.

## Pagoda festival

The pagoda festival of Alaungdaw Kathapa Pagoda takes place on the full moon days of two consecutive months (Tabodwe and Tabaung) each year. Several pilgrims make the trip to the pagoda, starting with about 50 to 100 pilgrims per day in Tabodwe (~February) and peaking at around 7,000 to 8,000 on the full moon day of Tabaung (~March). Some make the trip perhaps not just to attend the pagoda festival but also to enjoy the scenery of one of Myanmar's main national parks.
# James Connachan

James Connachan (29 August 1874 – ?) was a Scottish footballer. His regular position was as a forward. He was born in Glasgow. He played for Glasgow Perthshire, Duntocher Hibernian, Celtic, Airdrieonians, Glossop North End, and Manchester United.
# Im Jae-yeon

Im Jae-yeon (Korean: 임재연; born 6 September 1991) is a South Korean road and track cyclist, who currently rides for UCI Continental team Korail Cycling Team. He won the bronze medal in the team pursuit at the 2016 Asian Cycling Championships.
# Zaręby-Bolędy

Zaręby-Bolędy is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Andrzejewo, within Ostrów Mazowiecka County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately 6 kilometres (4 mi) east of Andrzejewo, 26 km (16 mi) east of Ostrów Mazowiecka, and 111 km (69 mi) north-east of Warsaw.
# Dmitry Ryabyshev

Dmitry Ivanovich Ryabyshev Russian: Дми́трий Ива́нович Ря́бышев,, (February 23 [O.S. February 11] 1894 – November 18, 1985) was a Soviet military commander, commander of 8th Mechanized Corps (1941).

## Before World War II

Ryabyshev was born in Kolotovka, Don Host Oblast, Russian Empire (in present-day Rostov Oblast, Russia). In 1917 he joined the Bolshevik Party. Following the Russian Revolution of 1917 he was a commander of the 42nd Brigade, 14th Division of the 1st Cavalry Army during the Russian Civil War.

## World War II

During the Second World War, he held several commands, including the 34th Tank Division, 4th Cavalry Corps, 8th Mechanized Corps, 38th Army, Southern Front, 57th Army, 28th Army and 3rd Guards Army.
* This Soviet biographical article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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* t
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# Washuk

Washuk (Urdu and Balochi: واشک) is a rural town that serves as the district headquarters of Washuk District, Balochistan, Pakistan. It has a population of 41,107, with 21,028 males and 20,079 according to the 2023 Census of Pakistan. The Washuk tehsil has a population of 55,585, of whom 99.9% speak the Balochi language.
# Luminiferous

Luminiferous is the seventh studio album by American heavy metal band High on Fire, released on June 23, 2015, through Entertainment One Music. The album was produced by Kurt Ballou who handled production on the band's previous release, De Vermis Mysteriis (2012).

## Reception

Professional ratings :
| Aggregate scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Metacritic | 82/100 |
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| The Austin Chronicle | |
| The A.V. Club | A− |
| Exclaim! | 9/10 |
| Now | |
| Pitchfork | 8/10 |
| PopMatters | |
Luminiferous was met with critical acclaim. The album received an average score of 82/100 from 13 reviews on Metacritic, indicating "universal acclaim". Thom Jurek of AllMusic praised the album, writing, "One reason that High on Fire don't get accused of resting on their laurels is that they always come out hungry, anxious to refine their sound and remove anything that is not absolutely essential to their purposes. Luminiferous accomplishes that as well." Writing for Pitchfork, Grayson Haver Currin called the album "masterful" and said, "Featuring mammoth riffs and hooks, it feels like a classic compendium of High on Fire's successes." Denise Falzon of Exclaim! wrote, "Heavy metal at its finest, Luminiferous is a brilliant, dynamic release, showcasing High on Fire's penchant for diverse, thoughtful songwriting and impeccable musicianship." In his review of the album, Richard Giraldi of PopMatters considered Luminiferous nothing new, but still extremely refined and "some of the finest metal on the planet". In a more lukewarm review, Now's John Semley considered the album a passable distraction while Pike's other band, Sleep worked on their reformation.
After its release, Luminiferous appeared on several year-end lists.

### Accolades

| Year | Publication | Country | Accolade | Rank |
| 2015 | Decibel | United States | "Top 40 Albums of 2015" | 4 |
| 2015 | Pitchfork | United States | "The Best Metal Albums of 2015" | 18 |
| 2015 | PopMatters | United States | "The Best Metal of 2015" | 9 |
| 2015 | Revolver | United States | "20 Best Albums of 2015" | 8 |

## Track listing

All tracks are written by High on Fire

## Personnel

Credits adapted from liner notes.
# America Live (album)

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| The Rolling Stone Album Guide | |
America Live is the first official live album by American folk rock duo America, released in December of 1977 by Warner Bros. Records. The concert featured on the album was recorded on July 14, 1977, at the Greek Theatre in Griffith Park, Los Angeles, California. It was the first record to feature America as a duo, as Dan Peek had left the group to pursue a solo career just two months prior. The record was produced by George Martin, the fifth of six consecutive albums he produced with America.
Commercially, the album performed poorly when compared with America's other albums, only peaking at No. 127 on the Billboard 200. No singles were released from the album.
# Walter Cowan (footballer)

Walter Gowans Cowan (1874 – 1960) was a Scottish professional footballer who played as an inside forward or wing half for Motherwell and Sunderland.
# Jeong Han

Jeong Han (born May 17, 1988) is a South Korean handball player. He was born in Seoul. He competed for the South Korean national team at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London.
# Zasiadały

Zasiadały is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Miastków Kościelny, within Garwolin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.
# Anjunabeats Volume 3

Anjunabeats Volume Three is the third album in the Anjunabeats Volume compilation series mixed and compiled by British Trance DJs Above & Beyond released on 13 June 2005.
# Clinorhampha merita

Clinorhampha merita is a species of dance flies, in the fly family Empididae.
# Giacomo Candido

Giacomo Candido (10 July 1871, in Guagnano – 30 December 1941, in Galatina) was an Italian mathematician and historian of mathematics.

## Education and career

In 1897 Candido received his Laurea (teaching degree) from the University of Pisa and started to teach mathematics: first, at the Liceo of Galatina, then at the Liceo of Campobasso and from 1927 at the Liceo of Brindisi.
He was an editor and contributor for the Periodico di Matematica per l'Insegnamento secondario and was one of the founders of the journal La Matematica elementare (an intermediate-level journal for teachers, engineers and students).
He was an Invited Speaker of the ICM in 1928 in Bologna and in 1932 in Zürich. In 1934 he founded the Apulian branch of Mathesis, an Italian association of mathematics teachers.
He is also remembered for his work on the history of mathematics.

## Candido's identity

Candido devised his eponymous identity to prove that
$(F_{n}^{2}+F_{n+1}^{2}+F_{n+2}^{2})^{2}=2(F_{n}^{4}+F_{n+1}^{4}+F_{n+2}^{4})$
where F$_n$ is the nth Fibonacci number. The identity of Candido is that, for all real numbers x and y,
$(x^{2}+y^{2}+(x+y)^{2})^{2}=2(x^{4}+y^{4}+(x+y)^{4})$
It is easy to prove that the identity holds in any commutative ring.

## Selected publications

* Sulle funzioni U$_n$ , V$_n$ di Lucas in Periodica matematica, anno XVII, 1901–1902
* La formola di Waring e sue notevoli applicazioni, Tipografia editrice salentina, 1903
* Su d'un' applicazione delle funzioni U$_n$ , V$_n$ di Lucas in Periodica matematica, anno XX, 1904–1905
* Le equazioni reciproche in senso generale in Periodico matematica, anno XXI, 1905–1906
* Il fondo Palagi-Libri della Biblioteca Moreniana di Firenze, in Atti del II Congresso della Unione Matematica Italiana, ed. Cremonese, 1941
* Sulla mancata pubblicazione nel 1826 della celebre memoria di Abel, ed. Marra, Galatina, 1942
* Conferenze e discorsi, ed. Marra, Galatina, 1943
* Scritti matematici, ed. Marzocco, Firenze, 1948
# Simon Gingras-Gagnon

Simon Gingras-Gagnon (born April 1, 1994) is a Canadian former professional football fullback who played for the Toronto Argonauts and Calgary Stampeders of the Canadian Football League (CFL). He played university football for the McGill Redmen in 2014 and the Laval Rouge et Or in 2016 and 2017 where he was a member of the 52nd Vanier Cup championship team.

## Professional career
### Toronto Argonauts

Gingras-Gagnon was originally drafted in the fourth round, 35th overall, by the Toronto Argonauts in the 2018 CFL Draft and was signed on May 19, 2018. He made his professional debut on June 15, 2018 against the Saskatchewan Roughriders where he recorded one reception for three yards in the game. In total, he played in eight regular season games for the Argonauts in 2018 while spending the rest of the season on the injured list and practice roster. He was released during the team's 2019 training camp on June 5, 2019.

### Calgary Stampeders

On July 9, 2019, Gingras-Gagnon signed with the Calgary Stampeders to a one-year contract. He played in all 15 remaining regular season games that year and one post-season game, recording eight special teams tackles. Shortly after the season ended, he re-signed with the Stampeders on November 26, 2019. However, he did not play in 2020 due to the cancellation of the 2020 CFL season and became a free agent on February 9, 2021.
# TAM Management

TAM Management (TAMM) is a private Georgian military manufacturer which specializes in maintenance, repair, overhaul, design and manufacturing of military, civilian aircraft & air-to-air missiles. It was founded in 2015 on the former territory of "Tbilaviamsheni".

## History

TAM Management was founded in 2015 on the former territory of 31st aviation factory, which itself was founded in 1941.
During the beginning years of World War II 31st aviation factory produced over 6500 LaGG-3 fighters. Towards the end of World War II production switched to Yak-3 fighters.
In 1946, the factory produced the first soviet jet fighter Yak-15 after which the factory started producing Yak-17 and Yak-23.
From 1952 to 1957 the factory was producing MiG-15 and MiG-17 jet fighters.
After 1957 the factory produced over 1600 MiG-21's of various modifications which were used not only by USSR air forces but also exported to Algeria, Bulgaria, Egypt, Finland, Germany, India, Syria and Vietnam.
In 1974, the factory started producing R-60 "Molniya" air-to-air missiles alongside the planes.
During this period, the factory also produced K-10S supersonic anti ship missiles.
In 1978, the factory started the serial production of Su-25 close air support aircraft and has produced over 800 planes of this type to this day.
In 1984, the factory started producing R-73 "Vympel" air-to-air missiles alongside the Su-25 planes.

## Capabilities

TAM Management meets the international requirements for the implementation of repair and maintenance works for various military aircraft and missiles. In addition to modernizing aircraft, the company can provide repair and maintenance services separately from modernization packages for Su-25, L-39, Mi-8, Mi- 17, Mi-24, Mi-35 aircraft and R-73, R-60 missiles.

## Projects
### Chad Air Force

In 2019 TAM Management and "Tbilaviamsheni" completely repaired & serviced Su-25, L-39 and Mi-24 fleets of the Chad Air Force.

### T-31 UCAV

TAM Management is actively developing an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle designated "T-31".

## Customers

* Turkmenistan
* Georgia
* Chad