OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Bids for the 1975 Pan American Games

Two cities submitted bids to host the 1975 Pan American Games that were recognized by the Pan American Sports Organization. On August 29, 1969, Santiago was selected unanimously over San Juan to host the VII Pan American Games by PASO at its 10th general assembly, held in Cali, Colombia.
In 1973, Santiago dropped out from hosting, and in 1974, its replacement São Paulo did the same. Mexico City was granted the hosting rights with just 10 months to prepare.

## Host city selection

Twenty-seven countries took part in the vote.
1975 Pan American Games bidding results :
| City | NOC | Round 1 |
| Santiago | Chile | 27 |
| San Juan | Puerto Rico | 0 |

## Candidate cities
### Santiago, Chile

This bid marked the fourth time that Santiago had bid to host the Pan American Games—first in São Paulo, then in Mexico, and most recently, in Winnipeg.

### San Juan, Puerto Rico

It was generally understood that San Juan would not host the 1975 Pan American Games; as such, President of the Puerto Rico Olympic Committee Felicio Terregrosa asked to be the alternate host city, should Santiago back out. Puerto Rico's bid was presented extemporaneously.

## Mexico City hosts the games

In 1973, due to unstable political and financial reasons mainly due to the military coup of Augusto Pinochet, Santiago declined to organize the games. The runner-up San Juan had already been awarded the 1979 Pan American Games, so they declined to host the games. São Paulo, Brazil took over as the host city but was forced to give up because of a meningitis epidemic that swept Brazil in 1974.
After São Paulo dropped out, President Luis Echeverría Álvarez informed President of the Mexican Olympic Committee (COM) Mario Vázquez Raña that Mexico City was authorized to host the games in an on an emergency basis. The committee then informed PASO that the city would host the games,if as no other countries or city are interested. With just 10 months until the Pan American Games, the PASO announced that Mexico City would serve as the host city.
# Edwin Soeryadjaya

Edwin Soeryadjaya (born 17 July 1949) is an Indonesian businessman, He is the son of the late William Soeryadjaya, who founded automotive group Astra International.

## Education

Seoryadja graduated from the University of Southern California, United States.

## Career

Soeryadjaya set up investment firm Saratoga Investama Sedaya in 1998. Today, through his private equity firm, PT Saratoga Investama Sedaya, he holds an ownership in coal miner Adaro Energy. He also has a stake in cell tower company Tower Bersama Infrastructure and bought Mandala Airlines in 2011 with his partner Sandiaga Uno.

## Wealth

Currently Edwin was known as the 12th richest person in Indonesia and the #913 in the world according to Forbes.
# French ship Ferme (1763)

Ferme was a 56-gun Bordelois-class ship of the line of the French Navy. She was funded by a don des vaisseaux donation from the Ferme Générale, and built by engineer Léon Guignace on a design by Antoine Groignard. Complete too late to serve in the Seven Years' War, she was sold to the Ottoman Empire and recommissioned in the Ottoman Navy.

## Citations

* 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Roche, p.198
# Robert Gray (footballer, born 1953)

Robert Gray (born 8 June 1953) is a Scottish former professional footballer who played for Nottingham Forest, Workington, Airdrie, Blantyre Victoria, Stirling Albion, Alloa Athletic and Albion Rovers, as a midfielder.
# Stuart City Formation

The Stuart City Formation is a geologic formation in Texas. It preserves fossils dating back to the Cretaceous period.
# Gachin Rural District

Gachin Rural District (Persian: دهستان گچين) is in the Central District of Bandar Abbas County, Hormozgan province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Gachin-e Bala.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the rural district's population was 19,479 in 4,343 households. There were 20,741 inhabitants in 5,379 households at the following census of 2011. The 2016 census measured the population of the rural district as 18,960 in 4,832 households. The most populous of its 26 villages was Gachin-e Bala, with 3,936 people.
# Manok ni Cano Gwapo

Manok ni Cano Gwapo (lit. 'Chicken of Handsome Cano') is a hotel structure in Talisay, Negros Occidental, Philippines. The 15-room structure is part of the Campuestohan Highland Resort of businessman and politician Ricardo Tan.

## History

The Campuestohan Highland Resort, the resort hotel complex which the Manok structure stands has been operating since 2014 and is owned by businessman and former Bacolod city councilor Ricardo "Cano" Tan.
Construction of the Manok ni Cano Gwapo lasted for 456 days from June 10, 2023. The Manok was unveiled by Tan to the public on March 11, 2024, when the building is already half complete. The Guinness World Records oversaw the construction and on September 8, 2024, conferred it with the recognition of being "the largest building in the shape of a chicken". The Department of Tourism intends to promote as a "landmark" destination of Negros Occidental.
It was inaugurated on October 19, 2024. The Bacolod City Council issued a resolution lauding the construction of the rooster-shaped hotel building.

## Architecture and design

The Manok ni Cano Gwapo was named after Ricardo Tan who had "years" to conceptualize the structure. It had a rooster theme as a tribute to Negros Occidental's cockfighting multibillion peso industry. According to Tan, the blood sport is second to province's sugar cane industry. No architect was involved with its design drafted by artists.
The structure functions as a hotel with 15 rooms and its height is roughly equivalent to six-storey building. It has a viewing deck and has two smaller chicken sculptures at its base.
According to the Guinness World Records organization, the structure has the following measurements; 34.931 meters (114.60 ft) in height, 39.9 meters (131 ft) in width, and 28.172 meters (92.43 ft) in length.
# Icarus (The Forms album)

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| PopMatters | positive |
Icarus is the first studio album by the Forms, produced by Steve Albini and released on February 25, 2003.

## Track listing

* "Stel" - 0:57
* "Stel (Continued)" - 1:24
* "Innizar" - 0:15
* "Innizar (Continued)" - 3:28
* "Sunday" - 2:22
* "Sunday (Continued)" - 0:30
* "Seagull" - 1:36
* "Classical" - 3:43
* "Stravinsky" - 1:52
* "Black Metal" - 1:41

## Reception

Upon release, Icarus gained generally positive reviews, and critics compared the band favorably to early-emo rock group Sunny Day Real Estate. Mac Randall of The New York Observer described the band as "aggro-artsy trio fond of awkward time signatures, sly rhythmic manipulation, curlicuing vocal lines, and giving one song two separate track numbers for no obvious reason... [T]hese guys make a virtue out of attention-deficit disorder." PopMatters called the band "one of the most exciting, if not one of the best, new acts in indie rock right now."
# Katsuyuki Motohiro

Katsuyuki Motohiro (本広克行, Motohiro Katsuyuki, born July 13, 1965) is a Japanese film director.

## Filmography

* Odoru Daisosasen Bangaihen – Wangansho Fukei Monogatari Shoka no Kôtsûanzen Special (1998)
* Bayside Shakedown: The Movie (1998)
* Space Travelers (2000)
* Satorare (2001)
* Bayside Shakedown 2 (2003)
* Summer Time Machine Blues (2005)
* Shaolin Girl (2008)
* Bayside Shakedown 3 (2010)
* Psycho-Pass (2012)
* Bayside Shakedown The Final (2012)
* Psycho-Pass: The Movie (2015)
* Maku ga Agaru (2015)
* Ajin: Demi-Human (2017)
* Laughing Under the Clouds (2018)
* FLCL Progressive (2018)
* FLCL Alternative (2018)
* Human Lost (2019)
* Beautiful Dreamer (2020)
* Brave: Gunjō Senki (2021)
* Shinji Muroi: Not Defeated (2024)
* Shinji Muroi: Stay Alive (2024)
# Elov Olsson

Elov Olsson is a Swedish ultra and long-distance runner born in 1986 competing for Ockelbo SK.
His merits include winning the Swedish championship in 100 km in 2019, 2021 and 2022, winning Ultravasan and being the third fastest 100 mile runner of all time, behind only Aleksandr Sorokin and Zach Bitter, with a time of 11:26:19 at the Tunnel Hill 100 Mile race in USA. He has also finished on the podium of races such as Black Canyon Trail, Fjällmaraton 100k and Ultra Trail Cape Town, as well as top 10 placements in the Comrades Marathon, Transgrancanaria, and the IAU World 100 km championships.
Personal Bests :
| Distance | Result |
| 10000 m | 32:23.13 |
| Half-marathon | 1:09:58 |
| Marathon | 2:26:53 |
| 50 km | 3:12:56 |
| 50 miles | 5:24:03 |
| 100 km | 6:30:14 |
| 100 miles | 11:26:19 |
| 24 hours | 253 km |
# Nobuhiro Maeda

Nobuhiro Maeda (前田 信弘, Maeda Nobuhiro, born 3 June 1973) is a former Japanese football player.

## Playing career

Maeda was born in Marugame on 3 June 1973. After graduating from Doshisha University, he joined J1 League club Verdy Kawasaki in 1996. However, he could not play at all in the match behind Shinkichi Kikuchi and Kenji Honnami until 1997. In 1998, he moved to Vissel Kobe and he became a regular goalkeeper from the middle of 1998. However he could not play at all in the match behind Jiro Takeda from the middle of 1999. In 2000, he moved to Shimizu S-Pulse. However he could not play at all in the match behind Masanori Sanada. In 2001, he moved to J2 League club Albirex Niigata. However he could hardly play in the match behind Yosuke Nozawa. In 2004, he moved to Albirex Niigata Singapore. He played many matches and retired end of 2004 season.

## Club statistics

| Club performance | Club performance | Club performance | League | League | Cup | Cup | League Cup | League Cup | Total | Total |
| Season | Club | League | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Japan | Japan | Japan | League | League | Emperor's Cup | Emperor's Cup | J.League Cup | J.League Cup | Total | Total |
| 1996 | Verdy Kawasaki | J1 League | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 1997 | Verdy Kawasaki | J1 League | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 1998 | Vissel Kobe | J1 League | 21 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 21 | 0 |
| 1999 | Vissel Kobe | J1 League | 11 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 13 | 0 |
| 2000 | Shimizu S-Pulse | J1 League | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 2001 | Albirex Niigata | J2 League | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 0 |
| 2002 | Albirex Niigata | J2 League | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | - | - | 0 | 0 |
| 2003 | Albirex Niigata | J2 League | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | - | - | 1 | 0 |
| Singapore | Singapore | Singapore | League | League | Singapore Cup | Singapore Cup | League Cup | League Cup | Total | Total |
| 2004 | Albirex Niigata Singapore | S.League | 19 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 19 | 0 |
| Country | Japan | Japan | 32 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 38 | 0 |
| Country | Singapore | Singapore | 19 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 19 | 0 |
| Total | Total | Total | 51 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 57 | 0 |
# Ramon Dino

Ramon Rocha Queiroz (born 9 February 1995), commonly known as Ramon Dino or "O Dinossauro do Acre" (Dinosaur from Acre), is a Brazilian professional bodybuilder. He is the leading Classic Physique athlete in Brazil. He won the Arnold Classic Ohio in 2023. His weight limit in his category is 103 kilograms (227 pounds).
In 2018, Dino competed in Olympia Brasil, one of Brazil's most prestigious bodybuilding competitions. At this event, he earned his Pro Card in the Classic Physique category. In 2021, Mr. Dino made his international debut at the Mr. Olympia, placing fifth. Shortly thereafter, he secured a spot at the 2022 Olympia at the Expo Super Show in Rio de Janeiro.
Ramon returned in December 2022 to compete in the Mr. Olympia again. The Brazilian placed second, and four months later, he participated in the 2023 Arnold Classic Ohio and secured the win. Then in November 2023, he participated in the Mr. Olympia 2023 and was the runner up in Classic Physique division behind Chris Bumstead. He competed again in the Mr. Olympia 2024 and placed fourth in the Classic Physique division.

## Competition history

* Regional Championship 2016 Men's Physique – 2nd
* Regional Championship 2017 Men's Physique – 2nd
* 2018 Mr. Olympia Brasil - 1st (earned IFBB Pro Card)
* 2021 Europa Pro - 2nd
* 2021 Mr. Olympia - 5th
* 2021 Muscle Contest Brasil - 1st
* 2022 Arnold Classic - 2nd
* 2022 Mr. Olympia - 2nd
* 2023 Arnold Classic - 1st
* 2023 Mr. Olympia - 2nd
* 2024 Arnold Classic - 2nd
* 2024 Mr. Olympia - 4th

## Sponsorships

* 2020 - 2021: Growth Suplementos
* 2021–Present: Max Titanium
# Changthangi

The Changthangi or Changpa is a breed of cashmere goat native to the high plateaus of Ladakh in northern India. It is closely associated with the nomadic Changpa people of the Changthang plateau. It may also be known as the Ladakh Pashmina or Kashmiri.
The intense cold of the region causes the goats to grow a thick undercoat, which is harvested to produce the fine pashmina grade of cashmere. In the twenty-first century the quality of the pashmina is threatened by global climate change; approximately three quarters of Indian pashmina production is from these goats. They are also used as pack animals and for meat.$^{:369}$

## Description

These goats are generally domesticated and are reared by nomadic communities called the Changpa in the Changthang regions of Ladakh, including the Kharnak, Rupshu, Demchok/Skakjung and the Pangong Lake regions.
The goats survive on grass in Ladakh, where temperatures plunge to as low as −20 °C (−4.00 °F). These goats provide the wool for Kashmir's famous pashmina shawls. Shawls made from Pashmina wool are considered very fine, and are exported worldwide.
The Changthangi goats have revitalised the poor economy of Changthang, Ladakh where the wool production generates more than $8 million a year.$^{:83}$
Noori, the world's first cloned Pashmina goat, was cloned at the Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry of the Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir (SKUAST) in Shuhama, 25 km east of Srinagar, on 15 March 2012.

## Characteristics

The Changthangi is a small goat, standing about 50 cm at the withers, and weighing on average approximately 20 kg. Both sexes are horned; the horns are large and twisted, and may reach a length of 55 cm.$^{:369}$ The ears are small and upright.$^{:81}$ The coat consists of an outer coat of long hair, and a thick undercoat of fine pashmina;$^{:81}$ it is commonly white, but can also be black, brown or grey. The skin is white or pale brown.$^{:369}$
# Kolhabi

Kolhabi (Nepali: कोल्हवि ) is a municipality in Bara District in the Madhesh Province of Nepal. It was formed in 2016, occupying current 11 sections (wards) from previous 11 former VDCs. It occupies an area of 157.4 km$^2$ with a total population of 43,036.

## Demographics

At the time of the 2011 Nepal census, Kolhabi Municipality had a population of 44,082. Of these, 50.8% spoke Tharu, 24.0% Bhojpuri, 16.5% Nepali, 4.2% Maithili, 1.9% Tamang, 1.0% Urdu, 0.9% Newar and 0.5% Magar as their first language.
In terms of ethnicity/caste, 59.3% were Tharu, 8.1% Hill Brahmin, 5.1% Musahar, 4.6% Chhetri, 3.6% Chamar/Harijan/Ram, 2.4% Tamang, 2.2% Musalman, 1.7% Dusadh/Paswan/Pasi, 1.5% Teli, 1.4% Newar, 1.1% Magar, 1.0% Mallaha, 0.8% Bin, 0.8% Kami, 0.7% Kalwar, 0.6% Kanu, 0.5% Hajjam/Thakur, 0.5% Majhi, 0.5% Nuniya, 0.4% Koiri/Kushwaha, 0.3% Terai Brahmin, 0.3% Damai/Dholi, 0.3% other Terai, 0.3% Thakuri, 0.2% Kathabaniyan, 0.2% Sanyasi/Dasnami, 0.2% Sonar, 0.2% Yadav, 0.1% other Dalit, 0.1% Dhanuk, 0.1% Dhobi, 0.1% Gharti/Bhujel, 0.1% Kurmi, 0.1% Mali, 0.1% Rai, 0.1% Thami and 0.1% others.
In terms of religion, 95.0% were Hindu, 2.5% Buddhist, 2.2% Muslim, 0.3% Christian and 0.1% others.
In terms of literacy, 57.7% could read and write, 2.2% could only read and 40.0% could neither read nor write.
# Chortoglyphidae

Chortoglyphidae is a family of mites belonging to the order Sarcoptiformes.
Genera:
* Alabidopus Fain, 1967
* Aplodontopus Fain, 1967
* Chortoglyphus Berlese, 1884
# Cnemaspis chengodumalaensis

Cnemaspis chengodumalaensis is a species of diurnal, rock-dwelling, insectivorous gecko endemic to India. It is distributed in Kerala.
# List of honorary doctors of the University of New Zealand

The following is a complete list of honorary (also known as honoris causa) doctorates issued by the University of New Zealand before it was disestablished in 1961 and its constituent colleges raised to full university status. It does not include normal doctorates of the same name which were awarded over the same period.
| Year | Recipient | Degree |
| 1931 | Ernest Rutherford | DSc |
| 1932 | Leonard Cockayne | DSc |
| 1935 | Diamond Jenness | LittD |
| 1937 | Te Rangi Hīroa | DSc |
| 1940 | George Julius | DSc |
| 1941 | William Sinclair Marris | LittD |
| 1942 | William Benham | DSc |
| 1943 | Alexander Aitken | DSc |
| 1948 | Āpirana Ngata | LittD |
| 1949 | William Beveridge | LittD |
| 1949 | Ronald Syme | LittD |
| 1949 | Patrick Marshall | DSc |
| 1950 | Thomas Hunter | LittD |
| 1950 | Raymond Priestley | DSc |
| 1951 | Noel Benson | DSc |
| 1951 | James Hight | LLD |
| 1951 | James B. Conant | DSc |
| 1952 | Bernard Freyberg | LLD |
| 1953 | Bruce Levy | DSc |
| 1954 | Charles Cotton | LLD |
| 1955 | Arthur Sims | LLD |
| 1955 | Howard Kippenberger | LLD |
| 1955 | Harold Mattingly | LittD |
| 1955 | John Tresidder Sheppard | LittD |
| 1956 | William Davies | DSc |
| 1957 | Macfarlane Burnet | LLD |
| 1957 | John B. Condliffe | LittD |
| 1957 | Baden Powell | DSc |
| 1957 | Theodore Rigg | DSc |
| 1957 | Leonard Wild | DSc |
| 1959 | Henry Forder | DSc |
| 1960 | Lawrence Bragg | DSc |
| 1960 | Arnold Wall | DSc |
| 1961 | Charles Lyttelton | LLD |
| 1961 | William Hollis Cocker | LLD |
| 1961 | George Currie | LLD |
| 1961 | Ian Gordon | LittD |
| 1961 | Arthur Porritt | LLD |
| 1961 | David Smith | LLD |
| 1961 | Duncan Stout | LLD |
# Steve Finnieston

Steve Finnieston (born 30 November 1954) is a Scottish retired footballer who played during the 1970s and 1980s, most notably for Chelsea.
A striker, Finnieston first joined Chelsea as a 12-year-old. He signed professional forms in December 1971. He made his debut for the club in a 1–1 draw with Leicester City in 1975 and spent time on loan at Cardiff City during the same season. He didn't establish himself as a regular in the Chelsea first-team until 1976–77. That season was his most prolific, as he struck up an impressive partnership with Kenny Swain and scored 24 league goals, including a crucial winner against promotion rivals Nottingham Forest and a final day hat-trick created by a partnership with Tommy Langley, who also scored, against Hull City.
Chelsea were promoted back to the First Division at the end of the season but thereafter the goals dried up, though he did score in Chelsea's unexpected 4–2 win over European champions Liverpool in the FA Cup third round. He joined Sheffield United in June 1978 and scored four goals for them in 23 appearances. Finnieston retired from professional football in 1980 at the age of 25 due to injury. He made a comeback a year later in non-league football with Addlestone & Weybridge Town and Hartley Wintney. He also played and scored in a friendly for Camberley Town in August 1991 but he never played a competitive game for the club. He later became a postman and worked as a sales rep for Travis Perkins until 2006. He is now self-employed.
# Cristián Basaure

Cristian Andrés Basaure Urzúa (born 18 March 1981) is a Chilean former footballer who played as a defender.

## Career

A product of the Universidad Católica youth system, Basaure switched to Fernández Vial in 2001.
He played for Deportes La Serena in 2013.

## After football

Basaure has developed a career as a sports commentator for media such as Canal del Fútbol, later TNT Sports Chile, and Radio La Clave.
He graduated as a football manager and owns a football academy in Las Vizcachas town, Puente Alto. In the same place, he has driven a project for kids called Experiencia TV (TV Experience), what links football, media and family.

## Personal life

As were Honorino Landa, Félix Landa, Adelmo Yori, Pedro García Barros, and José Luis Sierra, he was an alumnus of Hispan American School.
His grandfather, Hugo Basaure, was a well-known boxer who was born in Huara and made his home in Coquimbo, Chile.
# Charles Henry De Groat

Charles Henry De Groat (April 3, 1838 – August 15, 1904) was a colonel in the Union Army during the American Civil War who was nominated and confirmed for appointment to the grade of brevet brigadier general in 1866.

## Biography

De Groat was born on April 3, 1838, in Cortland, New York. In 1852, he moved to Fond du Lac, Wisconsin. De Groat later became Clerk of Fond du Lac County, Wisconsin. He died on August 15, 1904, in Fond du Lac, Wisconsin.

## Military career

De Groat originally joined the Army in 1861. The following year, he returned to Fond du Lac and raised the 32nd Wisconsin Volunteer Infantry Regiment. In 1864, he was promoted to colonel and assumed command of the regiment during the Atlanta Campaign. He later took part in Sherman's March to the Sea and the Battle of Bentonville. He was mustered out of the volunteers on May 15, 1865. On January 13, 1866, President Andrew Johnson nominated De Groat for appointment to the grade of brevet brigadier general of volunteers to rank from March 13, 1865, and the United States Senate confirmed the appointment on March 12, 1866.
# Kablar

Kablar may refer to:
* Kablar (mountain), a mountain in central Serbia near Čačak
* Kablar (company), a cooperative agronomy company based in Gornji Milanovac, Serbia
* Kablar, Karlovac, a section of the city of Karlovac, Croatia
* Kablar, Ripanj, a section of Ripanj, a settlement in the city of Belgrade, Serbia