OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# H.V. Dalling

Horace Victor Dalling (1854-1931) was a Canadian watchmaker, jeweller, optician and inventor. He was the watch inspector for the Canadian Pacific Railway, and is also known for manufacturing the first two telephones in Woodstock, New Brunswick, which he placed in his store and in his home.

## Biography

Dalling was born in Richmond, New Brunswick on February 5, 1854, to Thomas M. and Matilda Jane (Gray) Dalling. In 1878 he moved to Woodstock and established his business, Dalling's Jewellery Store. In 1879 he married Mary Isabella McKilligan and the two had four children.
His store was damaged by fire on February 26, 1891. His losses ($150 (equivalent to $5,152 in 2023)) were covered by insurance.
In 1900, he donated a silver cup, known as the "Dalling Cup", for golf. Another cup, a gold-lined silver cup, was given in 1905 for the Woodstock Hockey League.
His son William Victor Dalling, fought in the First World War as a gunner. He was wounded in France on October 13, 1916, but died of pneumonia on October 19, 1918, contracted in Fredericton while waiting for his discharge.
Dalling continued to run his store until 1929, when he retired because of ill health. His daughter, Edith, ran the store until his death on January 6, 1931.

## Telephone

He is most remembered because of his homemade telephone, which he constructed in 1885 and ran between his home on Richmond St. and his store on Main St. He supported the wires by running them in the branches of trees alongside the streets. Telephones (either wires or instruments) were not yet common in the region.
Bell Telephone later investigated his setup and threatened him with a lawsuit for infringing on the company's patent. However, a compromise was reached and Bell opened a small telephone exchange of twenty lines in his store, of which he was the manager. Because there was no service at night or on Sundays, Dalling built and installed a miniature switchboard of eight lines at his home to answer important messages after hours.
# Eugene Botes

Eugene Botes (born 9 June 1980) is a South African former swimmer, who specialized in butterfly events. He became the first swimmer to represent his country South Africa in international tournaments, while playing for the Penn State Nittany Lions in his senior season. He also holds a dual citizenship between South Africa and the United States.
Botes qualified for two swimming events at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens. He established a South African record and a FINA A-standard entry time of 53.20 (100 m butterfly) from the USA National Championships in College Park, Maryland. In the 100 m butterfly, Botes challenged seven other swimmers on the sixth heat, including top medal favorites Andriy Serdinov and Denys Sylantyev of Ukraine. He edged out Mexico's Joshua Ilika Brenner to notch a seventh spot and thirtieth overall by 0.15 of a second in 54.15.
Botes also teamed up with Gerhard Zandberg, Terence Parkin, and Karl Otto Thaning in the 4×100 m medley relay. Swimming the butterfly leg in heat two, Botes recorded a time of 54.57, but the South Africans rounded out the field to last place and thirteenth overall with a final time of 3:43.94.
Botes is also a graduate of computer science at the Pennsylvania State University in University Park, Pennsylvania. He previously trained for the Suburban Swim Club under his long-time coach and mentor Charlie Kennedy. Botes trained at Media, Pennsylvania's Hidden Hollow Swim Club where he also served as head lifeguard.
# Micronesian starling

The Micronesian starling (Aplonis opaca) is a species of starling in the family Sturnidae. It is found in Micronesia, from the Northern Mariana Islands to Palau and all the way into eastern Micronesia. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry forest and subtropical or tropical moist lowland forest. It is the only native frugivore existing on Guam.
Micronesian starlings are bold around humans and will follow humans as they approach seabird colonies to take the eggs as the seabirds are scared away. They are known as såli in Chamorro and gapl'uw in Yapese; other indigenous names may also exist across Micronesia.
Micronesian starlings breed year-round. Both parents care for their young, nesting in cavities. They demonstrate significant aggression when defending nests, especially for older nestlings.

## Diet

Micronesian starlings consume fruit, seeds, the occasional insect and the eggs of seabirds. The majority of plants they eat fruit from are native to the islands they inhabit. They are a key seed disperser in Mariana Islands forests.
Their diet seems to be consistent year-round. Nestlings, juveniles, and adults have similar diets, with the exception of papayas, which are eaten by adults and juveniles but rarely by nestlings.
# Royal Conservatory of Ghent

The Royal Conservatory of Ghent (Dutch: Koninklijk Conservatorium Gent) is a historic conservatory and a royally chartered musical institution in Ghent, Belgium. It is now a part of the University College Ghent.

## History

The Royal Conservatory of Ghent is a royally chartered musical institution, founded in 1835 under King Leopold I. The conservatory's founding director was Martin-Joseph Mengal. Other directors have included well-known Belgian composers such as Adolphe Samuel and Émile Mathieu. The current dean is Filip Rathé.
The Royal Conservatory is one of four conservatories in Flanders and eight in Belgium. In addition to classical instrumental and vocal studies, it offers degrees in jazz, pop, music production, composition and instrument building. It offers bachelor's and master's degrees (including an English master's degree in music), and an Advanced Master of Contemporary Music. The school also offers post-graduate degrees in music as well as a European Postgraduate in Arts in Sound.
The school traditionally attaches great importance to the practice of chamber music. Since 2006, the school has mounted an annual opera production. It also has two main performance venues, the Miry Concert Hall and Club Telex.
In 1995, the Royal Conservatory was one of sixteen Belgian institutions merged into the University College Ghent. It provides training for about 480 students, with master's programs for drama and music. Since 2011, together with the Royal Academy of Fine Arts (KASK), it forms part of the School of Arts of the University College Ghent.

## Notable alumni

Notable students and faculty at the conservatory have included François-Auguste Gevaert, who studied directly under Mengal in 1841, Paul-Henri-Joseph Lebrun, who studied here and became a professor, and Edouard Potjes, who served as professor of piano for 22 years. Other famous alumni include:
* Julien Paul Blitz
* Dirk Brossé
* Lucien Goethals
* Walter Hus
* Karel Miry
* Karel Paukert
* Annelies Van Parys
* Jane Vignery

## Directors

* Martin-Joseph Mengal 1835–1851
* Jean Andries 1798–1872
* Adolphe Samuel 1871–1898
* Emile Mathieu 1898–1924
* Martin Lunssens 1924–1936
* Jules-Toussaint de Sutter 1936–1954
* Léon Torck 1954–1968
* Gabriël Verschraegen 1968–1981
* Johan Huys 1981–1997
* Jan Rispens 1997–2009
* Maarten Weyler 2009–2011

## Assistant Directors

* Karel Miry 1871–1889

## Supervisors

* Victor Van den Hecke de Lembeke 1855–1870
* Gustave Louis Marie De Burbure De Wesembeek 1870–1871

## Deans of the School of Arts, University College Ghent

* Wim de Temmerman 2011–2019
* Lars Kwakkenbos 2019–2020
* Filip Rathé 2021–present
# Thellusson v Woodford

Thellusson v Woodford (1799) 4 Ves 227 is an English trusts law case. It was a lawsuit resulting from the will of Peter Thellusson, an English merchant (1737–1797).

## Facts

Peter Thellusson directed the income of his property, consisting of real estate of the annual value of about £5,000 and personal estate amounting to over £600,000, to be accumulated during the lives of his children, grandchildren and great-grandchildren, living at the time of his death, and the survivor of them. The property so accumulated, which, it is estimated, would have amounted to over £14,000,000 (then an enormous sum), was to be divided among such descendants as might be alive on the death of the survivor of those lives during which the accumulation was to continue.

## Judgment

The bequest was held valid. In 1856, there was a protracted lawsuit as to who were the actual heirs. It was decided by the House of Lords (9 June 1859) in favour of Lord Rendlesham and Charles Sabine Augustus Thellusson. Owing, however, to the heavy expenses, the amount inherited was not much larger than that originally bequeathed.

## Significance

To prevent such a disposition of property in the future, the Accumulations Act 1800 (known also as the "Thellusson Act") was passed, by which it was enacted that no property should be accumulated for any longer term than either
* the life of the grantor; or
* the term of twenty-one years from his death; or
* the minority of any person living or en ventre sa mere at the time of the death of the grantor; or
* the minority of any person who, if of full age, would be entitled to the income directed to be accumulated.
The Act, however, did not extend to any provision for payment of the debts of the grantor or of any other person, to any provision for raising portions for the children of the settlor, to any person interested under the settlement or any direction touching the produce of timber or wood upon any lands or tenements. The Act was extended to heritable property in Scotland by the Entail Amendment Act 1848 but does not apply to property in Ireland. The Act was further amended by the Accumulations Act 1892, which forbids accumulations for the purpose of the purchase of land for any longer period than during the minority of any person or persons who, if of full age, would be entitled to receive the income.
It is believed that the Thellusson Will case provided the basis for the fictional case of Jarndyce and Jarndyce in Charles Dickens' novel Bleak House.
# Chema (footballer, born 1980)

José María Giménez Pérez (born 25 April 1980), known as Chema, is a Spanish former professional footballer who played as a goalkeeper.
He appeared in 125 Segunda División matches over six seasons, at the service of Xerez. He represented the same club in La Liga.

## Club career

Born in Orihuela, Alicante, Valencian Community, Chema started his career with amateur and modest clubs, moving in the 2006–07 campaign to Xerez CD in the Segunda División. A backup in his first two years (being second choice to French Stéphane Porato in his second season) he became an undisputed starter afterwards, playing 41 games as the Andalusia side reached the top flight for the first time ever.
In La Liga, Chema backed up Brazilian Renan, newly signed from Valencia CF, his first match only coming on 7 March 2010 in a 4–2 away win against neighbours Málaga CF. After retaining his post the following two games he suffered an injury, in an eventual immediate relegation as last.
In the summer of 2014, after one season in the Super League Greece with Skoda Xanthi FC, Chema returned to his homeland and signed for Hércules CF of Segunda División B. On 4 July 2017, the 37-year-old free agent moved down to the Tercera División and joined CD Eldense.
# Dainius Varnas

Dainius Varnas (born 21 June 1971) is a Lithuanian politician of the Dawn of Nemunas serving as a member of the Seimas since 2024. In the 2023 municipal elections, he was the candidate of Freedom and Justice for mayor of Kaunas.
# Naal, Balochistan

Naal (Nal) (Urdu ںال) is the largest tehsil of Khuzdar District of Balochistan, Pakistan with an estimated area of 4,413 km$^2$ Naal is located in the Khuzdar District of Balochistan, Kalat Division. An ancient archaeological site is located at Naal town in Naal Tehsil.

## Archaeology

An important archaeological site Sohr Damb is located nearby. It is pre-historic site dating back 3800 to 2000 BC. There have been multiple rounds of excavations in the region. The excavations has taken place in different periods, for instance, Harold Hargreaves led an excavation party in 1924

## Political

Prominent personalities of Naal include Mir Ghous Buksh Bizenjo, Mir Hasil Khan Bizenjo, and Sardar Muhammad Aslam Bizenjo.

## Livelihoods

The main source of income in the valley is through livestock, agriculture, and mining
# Chao Chien-ming

Chao Chien-ming (Chinese: 趙建銘; pinyin: Zhào Jiànmíng; born 29 June 1972) is the son-in-law of Chen Shui-bian, the former president of the Republic of China on Taiwan. He married Chen Hsing-yu, Chen Shui-bian's daughter, on 27 September 2001. They have three sons born in 2002, 2004, and July 2006.

## Biography

Chao is a native of Yanshuei Township in Tainan County (now part of Tainan City) and graduated from National Taiwan University's School of Medicine in 1998. After graduation, he did not serve his military service, as he was excused on account of gout. Chao worked as a resident doctor in the National Taiwan University Hospital (NTUH) Orthopaedic Surgery department from 1998 to 2003.

### Scandals

Chao was taken into custody on 24 May 2006 by Taipei Municipal Court on charges of insider stock trading and embezzlement. After his arrest, the NTUH suspended his hospital privileges. On 10 July 2006, Chao was officially charged with insider trading, and the prosecutors sought to have him imprisoned for eight years. As per the ROC criminal procedure, Chao was then allowed to post bail of 10,000,000 New Taiwan dollars. His father Chao Yu-chu (趙玉柱), who was not taken into custody, was also charged with similar offences and prosecutors sought to have him imprisoned for ten years. Chao issued a public apology for "careless behavior" but indicated that he believed himself to be innocent and intended to fight the charges. (DPP chairman Yu Shyi-kun and Vice President Annette Lu have both said that they found Chao's apology to be insufficient.) The NTUH administration has indicated that it believed that laws and internal regulations require the NTUH to restore Chao's privilege should Chao apply for reinstatement, but Chao has not done so thus far, although he had been seen at the hospital frequently since his release. In response, on 14 July, NTU ordered that Chao not be allowed to be in the hospital except when escorted by security guards.
On 27 December 2006, the Taipei Municipal Court sentenced Chao Yu-chu to 8 years and 4 months, and Chao Chien-ming to 6 years in prison for their insider trading; each was also given a fine of NT$30 million. The Chaos' attorneys indicated that they will appeal.
In February 2008, a patient accused Chao of malpractice and indicated he will sue in court.
# Abandon Kansas (EP)

Abandon Kansas is the sixth studio EP by the American Christian rock band Abandon Kansas. It is the second EP released on Gotee Records. The EP was released digitally on February 8, 2011 as a free download on Amazon.com.
# Fredriech Pretorius

Fredriech Pretorius (born 4 August 1995) is a South African track and field athlete specialising in the decathlon. He was the bronze medallist at the 2015 African Games before becoming continental champion at the 2016 African Championships in Athletics.

## Competition record

| Year | Competition | Venue | Position | Event | Notes |
| Representing South Africa ||||||
| 2014 | World Junior Championships | Eugene, United States | 7th | Decathlon (junior) | 7689 |
| 2014 | Commonwealth Games | Glasgow, United Kingdom | 7th | Decathlon | 7639 |
| 2015 | Universiade | Gwangju, South Korea | 11th | Decathlon | 7174 |
| 2015 | African Games | Brazzaville, Republic of the Congo | 3rd | Decathlon | 7186 |
| 2016 | African Championships | Durban, South Africa | 1st | Decathlon | 7780 |
| 2017 | Universiade | Taipei, Taiwan | 6th | Decathlon | 7390 |
| 2018 | African Championships | Asaba, Nigeria | 2nd | Decathlon | 7733 |
| 2024 | African Games | Accra, Ghana | 1st | Decathlon | 7550 |
| 2024 | African Championships | Douala, Cameroon | – | Decathlon | DNF |
# Karkh, Pakistan

Karkh (Urdu: کرخ شہر) is a town and tehsil headquarters in Khuzdar District, in the Pakistani province of Balochistan.
The harmlees way leads to Moola Chotok Waterfall from Khuzdar via Karakh town. The boys high school of Karkh town has been uprated for higher Secondary education level and girls primary school Karakh town has been upgraded up to middle school level.

## History

Karkh is a tehsil of Khuzdar district of Balochistan province. The old name of "Kar" was Karkh and later it became known as Karkh. At first there was only water in Karkh, but later its water became less and then this area started to become the focus of people's attention The first nation to settle in Karkh is Akhund
# Vashistha Dharmasutra

The Vashistha Dharmasutra is one of the few surviving ancient Sanskrit Dharmasutras of Hinduism. It is reverentially named after a Rigvedic sage Vashistha who lived in the 2nd millennium BCE, but the text was probably composed by unknown authors between 300 BCE – 100 CE. It forms an independent text and other parts of the Kalpasūtra, that is Shrauta- and Grihya-sutras are missing. It is written in sutra style, and contains 1,038 sutras. According to Patrick Olivelle – a professor of Sanskrit and Indian religions, the text may be dated closer to the start of the common era, possibly the 1st century, since it uses the pronoun "I" and a style as if the text is a personal teaching guide, and because it is the oldest Indian text that mentions "the use of written evidence in judicial proceedings".
Like the dozens of other texts in this genre, the Vashistha Dharmasutra is a treatise on Dharma that discusses duties, responsibilities and ethics to oneself, to family and as a member of society. This Dharmasūtra is likely of a later date than the Gautama and Baudhayana Dharmasutras that have also survived. However, like many Dharmasutras and Dharmasastras of Hinduism, the manuscripts of this text that have survived show evidence of revisions and some very corrupt passages. The chapters of Vashistha Dharmasutra are arranged in the manner of later Smritis.

## Organization and Contents

   By giving gifts a man obtains all his wishes, a long life, and rebirth as a handsome vedic student. A man who refrains from causing injury to living beings goes to heaven.
— Vasistha Dharmasutra 29.1–3
Some of the topics discussed in this Dharmasūtra are sources of law, sins, marriage, governance, social classes, rites of passage (birth, menstruation, marriage, cremation), good conduct, orders of life (ashrama), charity and guests, adoption, excommunication and loss of caste, readmission to caste, mixed classes, crimes, murder, adultery, theft, suicide, killing animals, penances, punishment for minor and major crimes, gifts, and others.

### On need and sources of law

   Social classes
   Speaking the truth, refraining from anger, giving gifts, not killing living creatures, and fathering children – these are common to all classes.
— Vasistha Dharmasutra 4.4
The Vashistha Dharmasutra states that the desire to know Dharma is for the "sake of attaining the highest goal of man", and one who knows it and follows is the righteous one. The text states that the Vedas and the traditional texts are a source of Dharma knowledge, but if these do not offer guidance or conflict, then the practices of "cultured men free from desires and tangible motives" constitute what is right.
# Georg Thym

Georg Thym (c.1520, Zwickau – 21 December 1560, Wittenberg) was a German teacher, poet and writer.

## Life

Thym attended school in his home town and then, from 1540, attended the University of Wittenberg, where he met (among others) Martin Luther and Philipp Melanchthon, who remained his lifelong friends. After graduating from his "Grundstudium", in 1544 Thym took up a post as under-teacher in Magdeburg, where he was a colleague of Martin Agricola.
He soon moved to a school in Zerbst and – after acquiring his master's degree in Wittenberg – became rector of the school in his hometown in 1548. He did not remain there for long, however, since in 1551 he was summoned to Goslar and then in 1554 appointed to be a schoolmaster in Wernigerode. In 1555 he returned to Wittenberg, and in October that year was admitted to the philosophy faculty of the Wittenberger Akademie.
Here he held private lectures, pursued his own studies further and established a private school. Thym was above all an author of school books, grammatical writings, and an author of German and Latin poems. Besides a handbook of the Christian teaching in verse form, he related the Henry the Lion saga in verse form.

## Works

* Zwölff Heuptartikel des Bekendtnis unseres christlichen Glaubens,
* Thedel von Wallmoden, Magdeburg 1558, Straßburg 1559, Wolfenbüttel 1563
* Exempla syntaxeos
# Chema Mato

José Maria 'Chema' Mato Nieto (born 22 March 1984) is a Spanish footballer who plays for CD Bezana as a midfielder.

## Club career

Born in Santander, Cantabria, Mato made his senior debuts with Deportivo Rayo Cantabria in the 2003–04 season, in Tercera División. A season later, he joined Racing de Santander, being assigned to the reserves also in the fourth level. He also appeared two times with the first team (against Real Madrid on 21 December 2005 and against Real Betis on 17 June 2007), only limited to the bench, however.
On 17 August 2007 Mato signed with Racing de Ferrol, in Segunda División. He made his division debut on 2 September, starting in a 3–1 away win over Polideportivo Ejido. Mato scored his first professional goal on 5 April 2008, the first of a 2–1 home win over Celta de Vigo.
Mato played in Segunda División B but also in the fourth level in the following seasons, representing Cultural y Deportiva Leonesa, Rayo Cantabria, CF Villanovense, Real Balompédica Linense, CD Guadalajara and CD Tudelano.
# Islamic Azad University, Tehran Dental Branch

The School of Dentistry, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University (Persian: دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد دندانپزشکی تهران) is the dental branch of the Islamic Azad University located in Tehran, Iran, which is dedicated to the dental education.
The Faculty of Dentistry's main campus based in the Pasdaran (district) and located in northern Tehran, Iran. It is one of the four dental schools located in Tehran. The Faculty of Dentistry is the largest undergraduate dental center in Tehran in terms of student enrolment and makes a significant contribution to dental education and research in Iran.

## History

School of Dentistry (Tehran Dental Branch) was founded in 1986, beginning with the enrolment of 40 students in the Doctor of Dental Surgery (DDS) program. Over time, the academic programs were expanded to include Dental Prosthetics and Dental Nursing in 1995, and later, in 2008, following nine specialized dentistry residency programs were introduced: Endodontics, Prosthodontics, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Orthodontics, Pediatric Dentistry, Restorative Dentistry, Periodontics, Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, and Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology

## Facilities and Affiliated Hospitals

The Faculty of Dentistry occupies six buildings, predominantly in northern Tehran. It consists of 11 departments, offering both general and specialized dental care. These departments include General Dentistry, Implantology, Restorative Dentistry, Periodontics, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Endodontics, Pediatric Dentistry, Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Orthodontics, Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Fixed Prosthodontics, and Removable Prosthodontics.
In addition to providing a comprehensive dental education, the faculty also operates specialized clinics that deliver high-quality care to the public. Notable clinical services include those offered by the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery departments at Buali and Farhikhtegan Hospitals.

## Research

Faculty and students at the School of Dentistry engage in various research projects, including those conducted through the School’s Dental Research Centre.
The research output (1999-2024) of the School of Dentistry has shown a positive upward trend. A list of PubMed publications authored by faculty and students is available here