# List of the Cenozoic life of Texas

This list of the Cenozoic life of Texas contains the various prehistoric life-forms whose fossilized remains have been reported from within the US state of Texas and are between 66 million and 10,000 years of age.

## A

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* †Abdounia
** †Abdounia enniskilleni
** †Abdounia recticona
* Abra
** †Abra nitens
** †Abra petropolitana
* Shell of an Acanthocardia cockle Acanthocardia
** †Acanthocardia tuomeyi
* Acar
** †Acar aspera
* Acirsa
** †Acirsa whitneyi
* †Aclistomycter
** †Aclistomycter dunagani – type locality for species
** †Aclistomycter middletoni – type locality for species
* Acris
** †Acris crepitans
* Shells of Acteocina barrel-bubble sea snails Acteocina
* Acteon
** †Acteon idoneus
** †Acteon pomilis
** †Acteon pomilius
** †Acteon punctatus
* Adeonellopsis – tentative report
* †Adjidaumo
** †Adjidaumo minutus – or unidentified comparable form
* Admetula
** †Admetula irregularis – type locality for species
* Adrana
** †Adrana aldrichiana
* Aedes
* †Aelurodon
** †Aelurodon ferox
** †Aelurodon taxoides
* Life restoration of the Miocene camel Aepycamelus, or the long-necked camel. Heinrich Harder (1920). †Aepycamelus
* Agaronia
** †Agaronia bombylis
** †Agaronia media
** †Agaronia mediavia
* Agkistrodon
* †Agriocharis
** †Agriocharis anza
* †Agriochoerus
** †Agriochoerus antiquus
* †Agriotherium
** †Agriotherium schneideri
* †Agrobuccinium
* †Agrobuccinum
** †Agrobuccinum mansfieldi
* †Aguascalientia
* †Aguispira
** †Aguispira alternata
* Akera
** †Akera texana
* †Alforjas
** †Alforjas taylori – type locality for species
* Aliculastrum
* †Alilepus
** †Alilepus wilsoni
* †Allaeochelys – or unidentified comparable form
* Alligator
** †Alligator mississipiensis
** †Alligator mississippiensis
** Fossilized forelimbs of the Miocene Alligator olseni, or Olsen's Alligator †Alligator olseni
* †Allognathosuchus
* †Allomorone
** †Allomorone burlesonis
* †Allophaiomys
** †Allophaiomys pliocaenicus
* †Altaspiratella
** †Altaspiratella bearnensis – tentative report
* Alvania
* †Alveinus
** †Alveinus minutus
* Amaea
** †Amaea macula – type locality for species
** †Amaea texana – type locality for species
* †Amaurellina
** †Amaurellina plummeri – type locality for species
** †Amaurellina singleyi
* †Amblema
** †Amblema plicata
* †Ambystoma
** †Ambystoma tigrinum
* Life restoration of the Miocene elephant relative Amebelodon. Margret Flinsch (1932). †Amebelodon
** †Amebelodon britti
** †Amebelodon floridanus
** †Amebelodon fricki – or unidentified comparable form
* †Ameiurus
* †Amentogerdiopollenites – type locality for genus
** †Amentogerdiopollenites oligocenensis – type locality for species
* †Amentoplexipollenites – type locality for genus
** †Amentoplexipollenites catahoulaensis – type locality for species
* Amnicola
** †Amnicola integra
* †Amphicyon
** †Amphicyon longiramus
** †Amphicyon pontoni
* Fossilized skull of the Miocene saber-toothed cat Amphimachairodus †Amphimachairodus
** †Amphimachairodus coloradensis – or unidentified comparable form
* Amphiuma
** †Amphiuma antica – type locality for species
* †Amplobalanus – type locality for genus
** †Amplobalanus texensis – type locality for species
* †Ampullina
** †Ampullina dumblei
** †Ampullina recurva
* Amuletum
** †Amuletum curvocostatum
* Amusium
** †Amusium zinguli – type locality for species
* †Amynodon
** †Amynodon advenus
* †Amynodontopsis
** †Amynodontopsis bodei
* Anadara
** †Anadara vaughani
* Life restoration of the Miocene-Pleistocene elephant relative Anancus †Anancus
** †Anancus defloccatus – type locality for species
** †Anancus orarius – type locality for species
* †Anchitheriomys
* †Anchitherium
** †Anchitherium navasotae – type locality for species
* Ancilla
** †Ancilla staminea – type locality for species
** †Ancilla staminea punctulifera
* †Angelarctocyon
** †Angelarctocyon australis – type locality for species
* †Angulithes
** †Angulithes elliotti
* †Anilioides
** †Anilioides nebraskensis – or unidentified comparable form
* †Anisaster
** †Anisaster mossomi
* Modern fruit, whole and in cross-section of an Annona tree †Annona
** †Annona ampla
* Anodontia
** †Anodontia reklawensis – type locality for species
* †Anomalofusus
* Anomia
** †Anomia argentaria
** †Anomia ephippioides
** †Anomia lisbonensis
* Antalis
** †Antalis minutistriatum
** †Antalis mississippiense
** †Antalis palmerae – type locality for species
* Anthonomus – tentative report
* †Antiguastrea
** †Antiguastrea cellulosa
* Antillophos
** †Antillophos multilineatum – type locality for species
* Antrozous
** †Antrozous pallidus
* †Aphelops
** †Aphelops malacorhinus
** †Aphelops megalodus
** †Aphelops mutilus
* †Aplexia
** †Aplexia hypnorum
* Aplodinotus
** †Aplodinotus grunniens
* †Apocynophyllum
** †Apocynophyllum wilcoxense
* †Apternodus
** †Apternodus iliffensis
* Aquila
** †Aquila chrysaetos
* Arca
** †Arca petropolitana
* †Archaeohippus
** †Archaeohippus blackbergi – type locality for species
* †Archaeolagus
** †Archaeolagus acaricolus – or unidentified comparable form
** †Archaeolagus buangulus – type locality for species
* Life restoration of the Eocene-Oligocene entelodont mammal Archaeotherium †Archaeotherium
** †Archaeotherium mortoni – or unidentified comparable form
* Architectonica
** †Architectonica aldrichi – type locality for species
** †Architectonica alveatum
** †Architectonica amoena
** †Architectonica bellensis
** †Architectonica bellistriata
** †Architectonica bimixta
** †Architectonica elaborata
** †Architectonica fimbriaea – type locality for species
** †Architectonica geminicostata – type locality for species
** †Architectonica huppertzi
** †Architectonica meekana
** †Architectonica ornata
** †Architectonica phoenicea
** †Architectonica planiformis
** †Architectonica reklawensis – type locality for species
** †Architectonica texcarolina
** †Architectonica vespertina
* Arcopagia
** †Arcopagia trumani
* †Arctocyon
** †Arctocyon mumak – or unidentified comparable form
* Restoration of an Arctodus, or short-faced bear, with a human to scale †Arctodus
** †Arctodus simus
* †Arctonasua
** †Arctonasua gracilis – or unidentified comparable form
* †Ardynomys
** †Ardynomys occidentalis
* Argobuccinum
* Argyrotheca
** †Argyrotheca powersi
* Arius – or unidentified comparable form
* Arizona
** †Arizona elegans
* †Arretotherium
** †Arretotherium acridens
* †Artocarpus
** †Artocarpus lessigiana
* Astarte
* Asthenotoma
** †Asthenotoma eximia
* †Astrohippus
** †Astrohippus ansae – type locality for species
** †Astrohippus stockii
* Multiple views of a fossilized shell of the volute sea snail Athleta Athleta
** †Athleta dalli
** †Athleta kerensensis
** †Athleta limopsis
** †Athleta limposis
** †Athleta lisbonensis
** †Athleta olssoni
** †Athleta petrosa
** †Athleta rugatus
** †Athleta stenzeli
** †Athleta symmetricus
** †Athleta texanus
** †Athleta wheelockensis
* †Athletea
** †Athletea petrosus
* Atlanta
** †Atlanta eocenica
* †Atopomys
** †Atopomys texensis
* Atractosteus
** †Atractosteus spatula
** †Atractosteus tristoechus – tentative report
* Atrina
** †Atrina cawcawensis
** †Atrina gardnerae
* Restoration of the Paleocene-Miocene nautiloid cephalopod Aturia †Aturia
** †Aturia brazoensis
** †Aturia laticlavia
** †Aturia triangula
** †Aturia turneri
* Atys
** †Atys atysopsis
** †Atys trapaquara
* †Aulolithomys
** †Aulolithomys bounites
* †Australocamelus
** †Australocamelus orarius – type locality for species
* †Auxontodon
* †Awateria
** †Awateria retifera

## B

* A
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* D
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* F
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* I
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* †Baioconodon
* Baiomys
** †Baiomys rexroadi
* †Baiotomeus
** †Baiotomeus douglassi
* Bairdia
** †Bairdia oviformis
* A living Balanophyllia stony coral Balanophyllia
** †Balanophyllia augustinensis – type locality for species
** †Balanophyllia desmophyllum
** †Balanophyllia irrorata
** †Balanophyllia ponderosa
* Balanus
* Balcis
** †Balcis exilis
** †Balcis tenua
** †Balcis wheeleri
* Three fossilized shells of the Late Cretaceous-Eocene marine bivalve Baluchicardia †Baluchicardia
** †Baluchicardia bulla
** †Baluchicardia hesperia
** †Baluchicardia moa
** †Baluchicardia whitei
** †Baluchicardia wilcoxensis
* Bankia
** †Bankia petalus – type locality for species
* †Baptemys – or unidentified comparable form
* Barbatia
** †Barbatia cuculloides
** †Barbatia deusseni
** †Barbatia ludoviciana
** †Barbatia reklawensis – type locality for species
** †Barbatia salebrosus – type locality for species
** †Barbatia uxorispalmeri
* Fossilized skull of the Miocene-Pliocene false saber-toothed cat Barbourofelis †Barbourofelis
** †Barbourofelis whitfordi
* Bassariscus
** †Bassariscus casei
* Bathyarca
** †Bathyarca claibornica – type locality for species
* †Bathygenys
** †Bathygenys reevesi – type locality for species
* Bathytoma
** †Bathytoma nonplicata – or unidentified comparable form
* Bathytormus
** †Bathytormus flexurus
* †Batrachosauroides
** †Batrachosauroides dissimulans
* †Bauzaia – type locality for genus
** †Bauzaia lamberi – type locality for species
** †Bauzaia melrosensis
** †Bauzaia mucronata
* †Beckiasorex
** †Beckiasorex hibbardi
* Bela – report made of unidentified related form or using admittedly obsolete nomenclature
** †Bela rebeccae
* †Belosaepia
** †Belosaepia pennae – type locality for species
** †Belosaepia ungula
** †Belosaepia ungulata
* †Belosepia
** †Belosepia pennae – type locality for species
* †Bensonomys
** †Bensonomys coffeyi
* †Beretra
** †Beretra ornatula – or unidentified related form
* Bison
** †Bison alaskensis
** †Bison antiquus
** Mounted fossilized skeleton of the Pleistocene Bison latifrons, or long-horned bison †Bison latifrons
* Bittiolum – report made of unidentified related form or using admittedly obsolete nomenclature
** †Bittiolum webbi
* Bittium
** †Bittium anita
** †Bittium estellense
** †Bittium estellensis
** †Bittium henryleai
** †Bittium ridgei – type locality for species
** †Bittium tresquatrum – type locality for species
* †Blancocamelus
** †Blancocamelus meadei
* †Blancotherium – type locality for genus
** †Blancotherium buckneri – type locality for species. Formerly known as Gnathabelodon buckneri.
* Blarina
** †Blarina brevicauda – or unidentified comparable form
* †Blastomeryx
** †Blastomeryx vigoratus – type locality for species
* Fossilized skeleton of the eocene-?Miocene boa snake Boavus †Boavus – tentative report
** †Boavus affinis
* †Bolis
** †Bolis enterogramma
* †Bombacacidites
** †Bombacacidites paulus
* †Bomburia – or unidentified comparable form
* †Bonellitia
** †Bonellitia bastropensis
** †Bonellitia parilis
* †Borealosuchus
* Bornia
** †Bornia prima
** †Bornia zapataensis
* Restoration of two of the Miocene-Pliocene bone-crushing dog genus Borophagus preying on a camel. Jay Matternes (1964). †Borophagus
** †Borophagus diversidens
** †Borophagus hilli – type locality for species
** †Borophagus pugnator – or unidentified comparable form
** †Borophagus secundus
* †Bouromeryx
** †Bouromeryx submilleri
* †Boverisuchus
** †Boverisuchus vorax – or unidentified comparable form
* Brachidontes
** †Brachidontes alabamensis
** †Brachidontes saffordi
** †Brachidontes texanus
* Brachiodontes
* †Brachyerix – tentative report
** †Brachyerix hibbardi – type locality for species
* †Brachyhyops
** †Brachyhyops viensis
** †Brachyhyops wyomingensis
* †Brachyopsigale
** †Brachyopsigale dubius
* Skeletal reconstruction of the Eocene-Oligocene bear-dog Brachyrhynchocyon †Brachyrhynchocyon
** †Brachyrhynchocyon dodgei
* †Brauzaia
** †Brauzaia melrosensis
* †Brazosiella – type locality for genus
** †Brazosiella kokeni – type locality for species
** †Brazosiella moselevi
** †Brazosiella moseleyi – type locality for species
* Bregmaceros
** †Bregmaceros troelli – type locality for species
* Brissus
** †Brissus exiguus
* †Bryozoan
* Bufo
** A living Anaxyrus cognatus (formerly Bufo cognatus), or Great Plains toad †Bufo cognatus
** †Bufo woodhousei
* †Buisnictis
** †Buisnictis breviramus
* Bulimulus
** †Bulimulus dealbatus
* Bullia
** †Bullia altilis – type locality for species
** †Bullia ancillops
** †Bullia ellipticum – type locality for species
** †Bullia tenera
* †Bulovia
** †Bulovia weisbordi

## C

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* B
* C
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* F
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* H
* I
* J
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* L
* M
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* P
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* S
* T
* U
* V
* W
* X
* Y
* Z
* Cadulus
** †Cadulus abruptus
** †Cadulus aldrichi
** †Cadulus bisissura – type locality for species
** †Cadulus ouachitensis
** †Cadulus phoenicea
** †Cadulus subcoarcuatus
** †Cadulus turgidus
* Caecum – or unidentified comparable form
* †Caenolambda
** †Caenolambda jepseni
* Caestocorbula
** †Caestocorbula wailesiana
* †Calamagras
** †Calamagras weigeli
* Fossilized carapace of the Paleocene-Miocene crab Calappilia †Calappilia
** †Calappilia diglypta
* †Calippus
** †Calippus cerasinus – or unidentified comparable form
** †Calippus circulus – type locality for species
** †Calippus large informal
** †Calippus martini
** †Calippus placidus
** †Calippus proplacidus
** †Calippus regulus – type locality for species
* Callianassa
** †Callianassa brazoensis
** †Callianassa wechesensis
* Callucina
** †Callucina sabelli
* †Calorhadia
** †Calorhadia bella
** †Calorhadia compsa
** †Calorhadia diminutia – type locality for species
** †Calorhadia opulenta
* Calyptraea
* †Calyptraphorus
** †Calyptraphorus aldrichi
** †Calyptraphorus popenoe
** †Calyptraphorus trinodiferus
** †Calyptraphorus velatus
* Mounted fossilized skeleton of the Pliocene-Holocene camel Camelops †Camelops
** †Camelops hesternus – type locality for species
** †Camelops minidokae
* †Camptoceratops
** †Camptoceratops priscus – type locality for species
* Cancellaria
* †Cancelrana
** †Cancelrana finexa
* Candona
** †Candona lactea – or unidentified comparable form
** †Candona nyensis
* Canis
** †Canis armbrusteri
** †Canis dirus
** †Canis edwardii
** †Canis latrans
** †Canis lepophagus – type locality for species
* Cantharus
** †Cantharus casteri
* Fossilized skeleton of the Pleistocene dwarf pronghorn Capromeryx †Capromeryx
** †Capromeryx furcifer
* Capulus
** †Capulus americanus
* Carapus
** †Carapus smithvillensis – type locality for species
* Carcharhinus
** †Carcharhinus gibbesi
* Cardiomya
** †Cardiomya fredsmithi – type locality for species
* Cardium [fr; nl; sv]
* †Caricella
** †Caricella cherokeensis
** †Caricella demissa
** †Caricella heilprini
** †Caricella stenzeli
* †Carpocyon
** †Carpocyon robustus
* †Carpolithus
* Carychium
** †Carychium exiguum
* Caryocorbula
** †Caryocorbula cappa
** †Caryocorbula coloradoensis
** †Caryocorbula deusseni
** †Caryocorbula engonatoides
** †Caryocorbula kennedyi
** †Caryocorbula marquezensis – type locality for species
* A living Caryophyllia solitary coral Caryophyllia
** †Caryophyllia constricta – type locality for species
** †Caryophyllia mediavia – type locality for species
** †Caryophyllia texana – type locality for species
* Castor
** †Castor canadensis
* Catagonus
* †Caveola
** †Caveola ostium – type locality for species
* Celleporaria
** †Celleporaria granulosa
* Celtis
* †Centetodon
** †Centetodon chadronensis
** †Centetodon pulcher
* Centropomus – tentative report
* Ceratobulimina
** †Ceratobulimina eximia
* Life restoration of the Miocene-Pleistocene horned gopher Ceratogaulus. Robert Bruce Horsfall (1913). †Ceratogaulus
** †Ceratogaulus anecdotus – or unidentified comparable form
* †Cerdocyon
** †Cerdocyon texanus – type locality for species
* Cerithiella
** †Cerithiella terebropsis
* †Cerithioderma
** †Cerithioderma primum
* Cerithiopsis
* Cerithium – tentative report
* Chaetodipus
** †Chaetodipus hispidus
* Chama
** †Chama taylorensis – type locality for species
* Charina
** †Charina prebottae
* †Charophyte
** †Charophyte oogonia
* Fossilized cranium of the Pliocene-Pleistocene hyena Chasmaporthetes †Chasmaporthetes
** †Chasmaporthetes ossifragus
* †Chiromyoides
** †Chiromyoides minor – or unidentified comparable form
** †Chiromyoides potior
* Chironomus
** †Chironomus kirklandi – type locality for species
* Chlamys
** †Chlamys beverlyi
** †Chlamys burlesonensis
* †Chriacus
** †Chriacus baldwini
* †Cimolodon
* †Cimomia
** †Cimomia vaughani – type locality for species
* Cirsotrema
** †Cirsotrema nassulum
* Cissus
** †Cissus pulcherrima
* †Claibornichthys
** †Claibornichthys troelli – type locality for species
* Multiple views of a fossilized shell of the Paleocene-Pliocene spindle sea snail Clavilithes Clavilithes
** †Clavilithes acus – type locality for species
** †Clavilithes chamberlaini
** †Clavilithes kennedyanus
** †Clavilithes parvetorbis – type locality for species
** †Clavilithes penrosei
** †Clavilithes regexus
** †Clavilithes texanus
* Clavus – tentative report
** †Clavus dipta
* †Cleonidius
** †Cleonidius channingensis – type locality for species
** †Cleonidius ritablancaensis – type locality for species
* Clithrocytheridea
** †Clithrocytheridea garretti
* Closia
** †Closia semen
** †Closia semenoides
* Clypeaster
** †Clypeaster oxybaphon – or unidentified comparable form
** †Clypeaster rogersi
* †Cochlefusia
** †Cochlefusia serrae – type locality for species
* Shell of a Cochlespira sea snail Cochlespira
** †Cochlespira bastropensis
** †Cochlespira bella
** †Cochlespira columbaria
** †Cochlespira engonata
** †Cochlespira greggi – tentative report
* †Cochlespirella
** †Cochlespirella nana
* †Cochlespiropsis
** †Cochlespiropsis engonata
* Cochliolepis
** †Cochliolepis palaeocenica – type locality for species
* Cochlodesma
** †Cochlodesma howei – or unidentified comparable form
** †Cochlodesma ovalis – type locality for species
* †Colodon
** †Colodon stovalli
* Coluber
** A living Coluber constrictor, or eastern racer †Coluber constrictor
* Colubraria
** †Colubraria cedri
* Columbella – report made of unidentified related form or using admittedly obsolete nomenclature
** †Columbella punctostriata
* †Colwellia
** †Colwellia bilineata – type locality for species
* †Combretum
** †Combretum bartonii
* Cominella – or unidentified comparable form
** †Cominella pachecoi
* Conomitra
** †Conomitra texana
* Conopeum
** †Conopeum damicornis
* †Contracuparius – type locality for genus
** †Contracuparius huntsvillensis – type locality for species
** †Contracuparius robustus – type locality for species
* Fossilized shell of a Conus cone snail Conus
** †Conus sauridens – type locality for species
** †Conus smithvillensis
* †Copemys
* †Coptostoma
** †Coptostoma rameum
** †Coptostoma ulmulum
* Corbicula
** †Corbicula texana
* Corbula
** †Corbula alabamiensis
** †Corbula augustae
** †Corbula cappa
** †Corbula coloradoensis
** †Corbula kennedyi
** †Corbula marquezensis – type locality for species
** †Corbula milium
** †Corbula texana – type locality for species
* Fossilized skeleton preserved in situ (upper left, 2) of the Miocene-Pliocene horse Cormohipparion †Cormohipparion
** †Cormohipparion fricki – type locality for species
** †Cormohipparion goorisi
** †Cormohipparion ingenuum – type locality for species
** †Cormohipparion skinneri – type locality for species
* †Cornulina
** †Cornulina armigera
** †Cornulina dalli
** †Cornulina minax – type locality for species
* †Coronia
** †Coronia alternata
** †Coronia anacona
** †Coronia childreni
** †Coronia genitiva
** †Coronia margaritosa
** †Coronia mediavia
** †Coronia nodoidea
** †Coronia nucleata
** †Coronia ostrarupis
** †Coronia sublerchi
** †Coronia taylori – type locality for species
* †Corvina
** †Corvina intermedia
* Corvus
** †Corvus brachyrhynchos
* †Coryphodon
** †Coryphodon armatus
* Restoration of the Miocene palaeomerycid Cranioceras, a relative of modern deer, with anachronistic human to scale †Cranioceras
** †Cranioceras teres – type locality for species
* Crassatella
** †Crassatella antestriata
** †Crassatella gabbi
** †Crassatella ioannes
** †Crassatella texalta
** †Crassatella texana
** †Crassatella trapaquara
* Crassinella
** †Crassinella aldrichi
** †Crassinella minor
** †Crassinella pteleina
* Fossilized shell of the Cretaceous-modern oyster Crassostrea Crassostrea
** †Crassostrea amichel
** †Crassostrea contracta
** †Crassostrea frionis
* Cratogeomys
** †Cratogeomys castanops
* Crenella
** †Crenella margaritacea
* †Crenodonta
** †Crenodonta perplicata
* †Creonella
* Creseis
* †Cristellaria
** †Cristellaria orelliana
** †Cristellaria rotulata
** †Cristellaria torrida
* Crotalus
** †Crotalus atrox
** A living Crotalus horridus, or timber rattlesnake †Crotalus horridus
* Crotaphytus
** †Crotaphytus collaris
** †Crotaphytus reticulatus
* †Cryptochorda
** †Cryptochorda eureia
** †Cryptochorda stenostoma
* Cryptotis
** †Cryptotis parva
* Ctenoides
** †Ctenoides bastropensis
* †Cubitostrea
** †Cubitostrea divaricata
** †Cubitostrea lisbonensis
** †Cubitostrea petropolitana
** †Cubitostrea sanctiaugustini
** †Cubitostrea sellaeformis
** †Cubitostrea smithvillensis
* Shell of a Cucullaea, or false ark shell Cucullaea
** †Cucullaea kaufmanensis
** †Cucullaea macrodonta
** †Cucullaea saffordi
** †Cucullaea texana
* Culex
* Cuna
* †Cuneocorbula
** †Cuneocorbula subengonata
* †Cupanites
** †Cupanites formosus
* †Cupidinimus
* Cuspidaria
** †Cuspidaria grandis
* Life restoration of the Pliocene-Holocene elephant relative Cuvieronius †Cuvieronius
* Cyclammina
* Cyclostremiscus
** †Cyclostremiscus axacuus
** †Cyclostremiscus dalli
** †Cyclostremiscus exacuus
** †Cyclostremiscus sylvaerupis
* Cylichna
** †Cylichna bicarinata – type locality for species
* †Cylindracanthus
* †Cylindrodon
* Cyllene – or unidentified comparable form
** †Cyllene bellana
* Underside of a fossilized cranium of the Oligocene-Miocene bone-crushing dog Cynarctoides †Cynarctoides
** †Cynarctoides whistleri
* †Cynarctus
** †Cynarctus crucidens
* Cynomys
** †Cynomys ludovicianus
** †Cynomys spenceri
* Cypraea
* Cypraedia
** †Cypraedia subcancellata – type locality for species
* †Cypraeorbis
** †Cypraeorbis bulbus – type locality for species
* Cypridopsis
** †Cypridopsis vidua
* Cythara
** †Cythara schotti
* Cythere
** †Cythere claiborniana
** †Cythere evergreenica
** †Cythere leeana
** †Cythere orelliana
** †Cythere texana
* †Cythereis
** †Cythereis bursilloides
** †Cythereis davidwhitei
** †Cythereis elmana
** †Cythereis elongata – type locality for species
** †Cythereis fragillissima – type locality for species
** †Cythereis hilgardi
** †Cythereis linospinosa – type locality for species
** †Cythereis montgomeryensis
** †Cythereis quinquespinosa – type locality for species
** †Cythereis reklawensis – type locality for species
** †Cythereis russelli
** †Cythereis sinuata – type locality for species
** †Cythereis smithvillensis – type locality for species
** †Cythereis spinosa – type locality for species
** †Cythereis splendens – type locality for species
** †Cythereis uptonensis – type locality for species
** †Cythereis washburni – type locality for species
* Cytherella
** †Cytherella fimbricinctus – type locality for species
** †Cytherella texana
* Cytheridea
** †Cytheridea compressa – type locality for species
** †Cytheridea habropapillosa – type locality for species
** †Cytheridea mulleri
** †Cytheridea subovata – type locality for species
** †Cytheridea subpyriformis – type locality for species
* Cytheropteron
** †Cytheropteron minutum – type locality for species
** †Cytheropteron virgineum

## D

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* †Dakotaophis
** †Dakotaophis greeni
* †Daphoenictis
* †Daphoenodon
** †Daphoenodon notionastes
* †Daphoenus
** †Daphoenus lambei – or unidentified comparable form
* Dasyatis
* Dasypus
** Fossilized mandible in multiple views of the Pleistocene Dasypus bellus, or beautiful armadillo †Dasypus bellus
* †Delahomeryx
** †Delahomeryx browni – type locality for species
* Dentalium
** †Dentalium mediaviense
** †Dentalium palmerae – type locality for species
** †Dentalium thalloides – or unidentified related form
* Dermatemys
* †Desmatippus
** †Desmatippus texanus
* †Diablomomys – type locality for genus
** †Diablomomys dalquesti – type locality for species
* †Diaphyodus
** †Diaphyodus wilsoni – type locality for species
* †Dibelodon
** †Dibelodon praecursor
* Restoration of the Oligocene-Miocene hornless rhinoceros Diceratherium. Robert Bruce Horsfall (1913). †Diceratherium
** †Diceratherium annectens
** †Diceratherium armatum
* Didelphis
** †Didelphis marsupialis
* †Dillenites
** †Dillenites microdentatus
** †Dillenites texensis
* †Dinofelis
** †Dinofelis palaeoonca
* †Dinohippus
** †Dinohippus interpolatus – type locality for species
** †Dinohippus mexicanus – or unidentified comparable form
* †Dinohyus
** †Dinohyus hollandi
* Diplodonta
** †Diplodonta anterproductus
** †Diplodonta petropolitana
** †Diplodonta satex
* Diplotaxis – or unidentified comparable form
* Dipodomys
** †Dipodomys merriami
** †Dipodomys ordii
** †Dipodomys pattersoni – type locality for species
** †Dipodomys spectabilis
* †Dirocerithium
** †Dirocerithium wechesense
* †Discotrochus
** †Discotrochus orbignianus
* †Discradisca
** †Discradisca littigensis
* Disonycha
* †Dolicholatirus
** †Dolicholatirus harrisi
** †Dolicholatirus leaensis
** †Dolicholatirus obtusus
** †Dolicholatirus singleyi
* †Domenginella
** †Domenginella ridgei – type locality for species
* †Domingella
** †Domingella ridgei – type locality for species
* Dorsanum
** †Dorsanum – type locality for species informal
** †Dorsanum scalatum
* †Drepanomeryx
** †Drepanomeryx falciformis
* †Dryophyllum
** †Dryophyllum tennesseensee
* Illustration of the fossilized jaws and teeth of the Eocene brontothere mammal Duchesneodus †Duchesneodus
** †Duchesneodus uintensis

## E

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* †Eburneopecten
** †Eburneopecten scintillatus
* Fossilized shell of the Eocene turtle Echmatemys †Echmatemys
* †Ectypodus
** †Ectypodus musculus
* †Edaphocyon
** †Edaphocyon pointblankensis – type locality for species
* †Ekokenia
** †Ekokenia eporrecta
* Elaphe
** †Elaphe guttata
** †Elaphe nebraskensis
** †Elaphe obsoleta
* Eleutherodactylus
** †Eleutherodactylus augusti
* †Ellipsechinus
** †Ellipsechinus prisca
* †Ellisella
* Shell of an Emarginula keyhole limpet Emarginula – or unidentified comparable form
* Endochironomus
* Endopachys
** †Endopachys maclurii
* Engelhardia
** †Engelhardia trinitiensis – type locality for species
* †Eoancilla
** †Eoancilla hordea – type locality for species
* †Eocypraea
** †Eocypraea estellensis
* †Eocythara – type locality for genus
** †Eocythara lineata – type locality for species
** †Eocythara texanum – type locality for species
* †Eodichroma – type locality for genus
** †Eodichroma mirifica – type locality for species
* †Eodrilla
** †Eodrilla texana
* †Eodrillia
** †Eodrillia texana
** †Eodrillia texanopsis
* †Eomellivora
* †Eopleurotoma
** †Eopleurotoma bimoniata
** †Eopleurotoma lisboncola
** †Eopleurotoma nodocarinata
* †Eosolea – type locality for genus
** †Eosolea texana – type locality for species
* †Eosurcula
** †Eosurcula moorei – type locality for species
** †Eosurcula superpons
* †Eotylopus
** †Eotylopus reedi – or unidentified comparable form
* Epicauta
* Mounted fossilized skeleton of the Miocene bone-crushing dog Epicyon †Epicyon
** †Epicyon haydeni
** †Epicyon saevus
* †Epihippus
** †Epihippus gracilis
* Epilucina
* Episcynia
** †Episcynia bastropensis
* Episiphon
** †Episiphon gracilis – type locality for species
* Epitonium
** †Epitonium cookii
** †Epitonium dolosum
** †Epitonium multiliniferum
* †Epitriplopus
* Eponides
** †Eponides patelliformis
** †Eponides texana
* Eptesicus
** †Eptesicus fuscus
** †Eptesicus hemphillensis – type locality for species
* Equus
** †Equus alaskae – or unidentified comparable form
** †Equus complicatus
** †Equus conversidens
** †Equus francisci – type locality for species
** †Equus giganteus
** †Equus idahoensis
** †Equus midlandensis
** †Equus scotti – type locality for species
** †Equus semiplicatus
** Fossilized skeleton of the Pliocene-Pleistocene horse Equus simplicidens, also known as the Hagerman horse or American zebra †Equus simplicidens
* Erethizon
** †Erethizon dorsatum
* †Eucheilodon
** †Eucheilodon reticulata
* †Eucyon
** †Eucyon davisi
* Eucytherura
** †Eucytherura claibornensis – type locality for species
* Eulima
** †Eulima extremis
** †Eulima tenaxa
* A living Plestiodon obsoletus (formerly Eumeces obsoletus), or Great Plains skink Eumeces
** †Eumeces fasciatus
** †Eumeces miobsoletus – type locality for species
** †Eumeces obsoletus
* †Euonymus
** †Euonymus glanduliferus
* Eupleura
** †Eupleura morula
* †Euryochetus
** †Euryochetus punctatum – type locality for species
* Eurytellina
** †Eurytellina milamensis – type locality for species
** †Eurytellina mooreana
** †Eurytellina papyria
* Shell of a Euspira moon sea snail Euspira
** †Euspira aldrichi
** †Euspira jacksonensis
** †Euspira marylandica
** †Euspira perspecta
* †Eutrephoceras
** †Eutrephoceras reesidei
* †Eutypomys
** †Eutypomys inexpectatus – type locality for species
* †Exilia
** †Exilia pergracilis

## F

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* Falsifusus
** †Falsifusus apicalis
** †Falsifusus bastropensis
** †Falsifusus harrisi
** †Falsifusus houstonensis
** †Falsifusus ludlovicianus
** †Falsifusus ottonis
** †Falsifusus perobliquus
** †Falsifusus tobar
* Shell of a Fasciolaria, or tulip sea snail Fasciolaria – tentative report
** †Fasciolaria plummeri
* Felis
** †Felis lacustris
** †Felis rexroadensis
* Fibularia
** †Fibularia texana
* †Ficopsis
** †Ficopsis nucleoides – type locality for species
** †Ficopsis penita
** †Ficopsis texana
* Ficus
** †Ficus berryi
** †Ficus mississippiensis
* †Fimbriatella
** †Fimbriatella iugum – type locality for species
* Flabellum
** †Flabellum concoideum
** †Flabellum conodeum – tentative report
** †Flabellum conoideum – type locality for species
** †Flabellum cuneiforme
** †Flabellum johnsonae
* †Floridachoerus – tentative report
** †Floridachoerus olseni
* †Floridatragulus
** †Floridatragulus hesperus
** †Floridatragulus nanus
** †Floridatragulus texanus
* A living Formica, or wood ant Formica
** †Formica eoptera – type locality for species
* Fossaria
** †Fossaria dalli
** †Fossaria obrussa
* Fulgurofusus
** †Fulgurofusus quercollis
* †Fusconaia
** †Fusconaia undulata – or unidentified comparable form
* Fusimitra
** †Fusimitra adamsi
** †Fusimitra millingtoni
** †Fusimitra perexilis
** †Fusimitra polita
* A living Fusinus sea snail Fusinus
** †Fusinus claibornica – type locality for species
* †Fusoficula
** †Fusoficula angelinensis
* Fustiaria
** †Fustiaria aciculata – type locality for species

## G

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* Gadila
** †Gadila palmerae
* Galeocerdo
** †Galeocerdo eaglesomei
** †Galeocerdo latidens
* Shell of a Galeodea helmet snail Galeodea
** †Galeodea dubia
** †Galeodea koureos
** †Galeodea petersoni
** †Galeodea planotecta
* Gastrocopta
** †Gastrocopta armifera
** †Gastrocopta contracta
** †Gastrocopta cristata
** †Gastrocopta pellicuda
** †Gastrocopta pellucida
** †Gastrocopta pentodon
** †Gastrocopta procera
** †Gastrocopta tappaniana
* Fossilized skull of the Miocene crocodile relative Gavialosuchus †Gavialosuchus
* Gegania
** †Gegania antiquata
* †Gelastops
* †Genartina – type locality for genus
** †Genartina texana – type locality for species
* Geochelone
* Geomys
** †Geomys bursarius
** †Geomys minor
** †Geomys tobinensis
* †Gigantocamelus
** †Gigantocamelus spatulus
* †Gilbertina
** †Gilbertina texana
* Restoration of a herd of the Pliocene-Holocene ground sloth Glossotherium †Glossotherium
** †Glossotherium chapadmalense
* †Glottidia
** †Glottidia antarctica – type locality for species
* Glycymeris
** †Glycymeris petropolitana
* †Glyphalini
** †Glyphalini identata
* Glyptoactis
** †Glyptoactis alticostata
** †Glyptoactis coloradonis
** †Glyptoactis crenaea
** †Glyptoactis eoa
** †Glyptoactis linguinodifera – type locality for species
** †Glyptoactis milamensis – type locality for species
** †Glyptoactis trapaquara
* †Glyptotherium
** †Glyptotherium cylindricum
** †Glyptotherium texanum
* †Glyptotoma
** †Glyptotoma conradiana
** †Glyptotoma crassiplicata
* Glyptozaria
** †Glyptozaria americanae – type locality for species
* †Gnathabelodon – only reported species reclassified new genus Blancotherium.
** †Gnathabelodon buckneri – type locality for species. Later reclassified as Blancotherium buckneri
* †Gomphopages
** †Gomphopages turneri
* Mounted fossilized skeleton of the Miocene-Pleistocene elephant relative Gomphotherium †Gomphotherium
** †Gomphotherium gratum – type locality for species
** †Gomphotherium obscurum
* †Goniobasis
** †Goniobasis miocaenica
* Gopherus – type locality for genus
** †Gopherus canyonensis – type locality for species
** †Gopherus hexagonatus
** †Gopherus polyphemus – type locality for species
* †Granocardium
* Graptemys
** †Graptemys geographica
* Gregariella
** †Gregariella ridgei – type locality for species
* †Gregorymys
** †Gregorymys riograndensis – type locality for species
* †Gulfoceras
** †Gulfoceras westfalli – type locality for species
* Restorative portrait of the Eocene-Oligocene bear dog Gustafsonia †Gustafsonia
** †Gustafsonia cognita
* Guttulina
** †Guttulina problema
* Gyraulus
** †Gyraulus circumstriatus
** †Gyraulus parvus

## H

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* †Hadrianus
* †Haimesiastraea
** †Haimesiastraea conferta
* †Haplaletes
** †Haplaletes disceptatrix
* †Haploconus
** †Haploconus angustus
* Haplocytheridea
** †Haplocytheridea habropapillosa
** †Haplocytheridea lisbonensis
** †Haplocytheridea stenzeli
* Fossilized mandible of the Eocene horse Haplohippus †Haplohippus
** †Haplohippus texanus
* Harpa
* †Harpactocarcinus
** †Harpactocarcinus americanus
** †Harpactocarcinus rathbunnae
* †Harpagolestes
** †Harpagolestes uintensis
* †Harrisianella
** †Harrisianella plicifera
* Shells in differing orientations of Hastula augur sea snails Hastula
** †Hastula ampulla – type locality for species
** †Hastula houstonia
** †Hastula longifera – type locality for species
** †Hastula milamensis – type locality for species
** †Hastula sabina
** †Hastula venusta
* Haustator
** †Haustator infans
** †Haustator rina
* Hawaiia
** †Hawaiia minuscula
* †Hawiia
** †Hawiia minuscula
* Life restoration of the Pleistocene pronghorn Hayoceros †Hayoceros
** †Hayoceros falkenbachi
* Helicina
** †Helicina orbiculata
* Helicodiscus
** †Helicodiscus paralellus
** †Helicodiscus parallelus
** †Helicodiscus singleyanus
* †Heliconoides
** †Heliconoides auriformis – type locality for species
* Helisoma
** †Helisoma anceps
** †Helisoma trivolvis
* Heloderma
** †Heloderma texana – type locality for species
* †Helohyus
** †Helohyus lentus – or unidentified comparable form
* Fossilized lower jaw of the Miocene-Pleistocene llama relative Hemiauchenia †Hemiauchenia
** †Hemiauchenia macrocephala
* †Hemipsalodon
** †Hemipsalodon viejaensis – type locality for species
* †Hendryomeryx
** †Hendryomeryx defordi
** †Hendryomeryx wilsoni
* †Heptacodon
** †Heptacodon yeguaensis – type locality for species
* †Hercoglossa
** †Hercoglossa – type locality for species A informal
** †Hercoglossa gardnerae
** †Hercoglossa splendens
** †Hercoglossa ulrichi
* Life restoration of the Eocene-Miocene mammal Herpetotherium †Herpetotherium
* †Hesperhys – tentative report
* †Hesperiturris
** †Hesperiturris monilis – type locality for species
** †Hesperiturris nodocarinatus – type locality for species
* †Hesperoscalops
** †Hesperoscalops blancoensis
** †Hesperoscalops rexroadi
** †Hesperoscalops ruficervus
* †Hesperotestudo
** †Hesperotestudo crassiscutata – type locality for species
** †Hesperotestudo johnstoni – type locality for species
** †Hesperotestudo turgida – type locality for species
** †Hesperotestudo wilsoni
* †Hessolestes
* †Heteraletes
** †Heteraletes leotanus – or unidentified comparable form
* Heterodon
** †Heterodon nasicus – or unidentified comparable form
** †Heterodon platyrhinos – or unidentified comparable form
* †Heteromeryx
** †Heteromeryx dispar
* Hexaplex
** †Hexaplex colei
** †Hexaplex eoa – type locality for species
** †Hexaplex silvaticus
** †Hexaplex texanus – type locality for species
** †Hexaplex vanuxemi
* †Hexobelomeryx – tentative report
* Life restoration of a herd of the Miocene-Pleistocene horse Hipparion. Heinrich Harder (1920). †Hipparion
** †Hipparion brevidontus
** †Hipparion shirleyae
** †Hipparion tehonense
* †Hippidion
* Hippodamia
** †Hippodamia convergens – tentative report
* Hipponix
** †Hipponix pygmaeus
* †Hippotherium
* Holbrookia
* Life restoration of the Pleistocene armadillo relative Holmesina with a human to scale †Holmesina
** †Holmesina septentrionalis
* †Homotherium
** †Homotherium johnstoni
** †Homotherium serum
* †Hyaenodon
** †Hyaenodon crucians
** †Hyaenodon horridus – or unidentified comparable form
** †Hyaenodon montanus
** †Hyaenodon raineyi
** †Hyaenodon vetus – or unidentified comparable form
* Hyla
** †Hyla holmani – type locality for species
** †Hyla miocenica – type locality for species
* †Hylomeryx
* †Hyopsodus
** †Hyopsodus paulus
** †Hyopsodus uintensis – or unidentified comparable form
** †Hyopsodus wortmani – or unidentified comparable form
* Hyotissa
** †Hyotissa offemanae – type locality for species
** †Hyotissa offmanna
* †Hypertragulus
** †Hypertragulus heikeni – or unidentified comparable form
* Life restoration of the Miocene horse Hypohippus. Heinrich Harder (1920). †Hypohippus
** †Hypohippus affinis – type locality for species
* †Hypolagus
** †Hypolagus edensis
** †Hypolagus fontinalis
** †Hypolagus furlongi
** †Hypolagus gidleyi
** †Hypolagus regalis
** †Hypolagus ringoldensis
** †Hypolagus vetus
* †Hyrachyus
** †Hyrachyus modestus – or unidentified comparable form
* †Hyracodon
** †Hyracodon medius
** †Hyracodon petersoni
* Life restoration of the Eocene horse Eohippus. Heinrich Harder (1920). †Hyracotherium
** †Hyracotherium vasacciense

## I

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* †Icacorea
** †Icacorea prepaniculata
* Ictalurus
** †Ictalurus punctatus
* †Ictiobus
* †Ignacius
** †Ignacius frugivorus
* Fossilized skull of the Miocene bear Indarctos †Indarctos
* †Infracoronia
** †Infracoronia ludoviciana
* †Inga
** †Inga laurinafolia
* †Ischnognathus
** †Ischnognathus savagei – type locality for species
* †Ischyrocyon
** †Ischyrocyon gidleyi – type locality for species
* †Ischyromys
** †Ischyromys blacki – type locality for species
* Isognomon

## J

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* †Jefitchia – type locality for genus
** †Jefitchia copelandi – type locality for species
* †Jepsenella
* †Jimomys
** †Jimomys labaughi
* Juglans
** †Juglans bastropensis
* Jupiteria
** †Jupiteria smirna

## K

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* Restoration of the Oligocene-Miocene horse Kalobatippus †Kalobatippus
** †Kalobatippus australis
* †Kansasimys
** †Kansasimys dubius
* †Kapalmerella
** †Kapalmerella arenicola
** †Kapalmerella dumblei
** †Kapalmerella mortoni
** †Kapalmerella pleboides
* Katherinella
** †Katherinella smithvillensis
** †Katherinella texitrina
** †Katherinella trinitatis
* Kelliella
** †Kelliella aldrichi
** †Kelliella evansi
* Kellyella
** †Kellyella texana – type locality for species
* Kinosternon
** †Kinosternon flavescens
* Fossilized "worm" tube, possibly of the Oligocene-modern shipworm marine bivalve genus Kuphus Kuphus

## L

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* †Lacinia
** †Lacinia alveata
* †Lacunaria
** †Lacunaria lithae
* †Laevibuccinum
** †Laevibuccinum constrictum
** †Laevibuccinum lineatum
* †Lambdoceras
** †Lambdoceras trinitiensis
* †Lambertocyon
** †Lambertocyon eximius
* A living Lampropeltis getula, or eastern kingsnake Lampropeltis
** †Lampropeltis getulus
** †Lampropeltis triangulum
* †Langiopollis
** †Langiopollis eocaenica
* †Lapparia
** †Lapparia crassa
** †Lapparia dumosa
** †Lapparia elongata
** †Lapparia mooreana
** †Lapparia nuda
* †Laredochoerus – type locality for genus
** †Laredochoerus edwardsi – type locality for species
* †Laredomys
** †Laredomys riograndensis – type locality for species
* Lasionycteris
** †Lasionycteris noctivagans
* Lasiurus
** †Lasiurus borealis
* Two views of a shell of a Latirus sea snail Latirus
** †Latirus humilior
** †Latirus moorei
** †Latirus ostrarupis
** †Latirus sexcostatus
** †Latirus stephensoni
** †Latirus traceyi – type locality for species
* †Latrius
** †Latrius traceyi – type locality for species
* †Ledina
** †Ledina smirna
** †Ledina turgeo – type locality for species
* †Leea
* Lepisosteus
** †Lepisosteus spatula – or unidentified comparable form
* Lepomis
** †Lepomis cyanellus – or unidentified comparable form
* †Leptarctus
** †Leptarctus supremus – type locality for species
* †Leptictis
** †Leptictis douglassi – type locality for species
** †Leptictis wilsoni – type locality for species
* Illustration of a fossilized skull of the Oligocene-Miocene dog Leptocyon †Leptocyon
** †Leptocyon vafer
* †Leptoreodon
** †Leptoreodon edwardsi
** †Leptoreodon leptolophus
** †Leptoreodon major
** †Leptoreodon marshi
** †Leptoreodon pusillus
* †Leptosurcula
** †Leptosurcula beadata
** †Leptosurcula carinata – type locality for species
* †Leptotomus
* Lepus
** Lepus californicus, or black-tailed jackrabbit †Lepus californicus
* †Levifusus
** †Levifusus dalei – tentative report
** †Levifusus hubbardi
** †Levifusus identus
** †Levifusus irrasus
** †Levifusus lithae
** †Levifusus mortoniopsis
** †Levifusus pagodiformis
** †Levifusus serrae – type locality for species
** †Levifusus supraplanus
** †Levifusus trabeatus
* Limacina
** †Limacina stenzeli – type locality for species
** †Limacina taylori
* Living Limaria, or file shells Limaria
** †Limaria petropolitana
** †Limaria smithvillensis
* †Limnenetes
** †Limnenetes platyceps – or unidentified comparable form
* Limopsis
** †Limopsis quihi
** †Limopsis radiata
* †Linthia
** †Linthia alabamensis
* †Lirodiscus
** †Lirodiscus jacksonensis
** †Lirodiscus smithvillensis
* †Lirofusus
** †Lirofusus subtenuis
* Shell of a Lithophaga, or date mussel Lithophaga
* †Lithophysema
** †Lithophysema grande
* Litiopa
** †Litiopa texana – type locality for species
* †Litorhadia
** †Litorhadia aldrichiana
** †Litorhadia bastropensis
** †Litorhadia compsa
** †Litorhadia evanescentior
** †Litorhadia milamensis – type locality for species
** †Litorhadia petropolitana
** †Litorhadia undulata – type locality for species
** †Litorhadia valdefragilis – type locality for species
* †Litoyoderimys
** †Litoyoderimys lustrorum
* Littorina
** †Littorina eofasciata – type locality for species
* †Longirostromeryx
** †Longirostromeryx clarendonensis – type locality for species
** †Longirostromeryx wellsi
* Shell of a Lovenia sea urchin Lovenia
** †Lovenia alabamensis
* Loxoconcha
** †Loxoconcha delicata
* Lucina
** †Lucina subcurta
* Lucinisca
* Lunatia – report made of unidentified related form or using admittedly obsolete nomenclature
** †Lunatia moorei
* Lunularia – tentative report
* Lunulites
** †Lunulites bouei
** †Lunulites ligulata
** †Lunulites truncata
* †Lygodiumsporites
** †Lygodiumsporites adriennis
* Lymnaea
** †Lymnaea caperata
** †Lymnaea dalli
** †Lymnaea modicella
** †Lymnaea obrussa
* Lynx
** †Lynx proterolyncis
** A living Lynx rufus, or bobcat †Lynx rufus
* Lyria
* †Lyrosurcula
** †Lyrosurcula gibbera
** †Lyrosurcula vaughani
* Lytta

## M

* A
* B
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* D
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* F
* G
* H
* I
* J
* K
* L
* M
* N
* O
* P
* Q
* R
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* T
* U
* V
* W
* X
* Y
* Z
* Fossilized cranium of the Miocene-Pleistocene saber-toothed cat Machairodus †Machairodus
** †Machairodus catocopis
* Macrocallista
** †Macrocallista triangulata – type locality for species
* †Macrotarsius
** †Macrotarsius jepseni – or unidentified comparable form
* Mactra
* Madracis
** †Madracis gregorioi
** †Madracis herricki – type locality for species
** †Madracis johnsoni – type locality for species
* Madrepora
** †Madrepora natchitochensis
* Magnolia
** †Magnolia leei
* †Mahgarita
** †Mahgarita stevensi – type locality for species
* †Malaquiferus – tentative report
* †Mammut
** †Mammut americanum
* †Mammuthus
** Life restoration of a herd of Mammuthus columbi, or Columbian mammoths. The extent of the fur depicted is hypothetical. Charles R. Knight (1909). †Mammuthus columbi
** †Mammuthus hayi
* Marginella
** †Marginella carnea
** †Marginella constrictoides
* Marmota
** †Marmota flaviventris
* †Marshochoerus
** †Marshochoerus socialis
* Martes
* Martesia
** †Martesia laredoensis
** †Martesia texana
* †Martinogale
** †Martinogale chisoensis
* †Mathilda
** †Mathilda claibornensis
** †Mathilda cribraea – type locality for species
** †Mathilda iugum – type locality for species
** †Mathilda retisculpta
* †Mauricia
** †Mauricia houstonia
** †Mauricia leonia
* †Mazzalina
** †Mazzalina conica – type locality for species
** †Mazzalina plena
* †Megalictis – tentative report
* †Megalonyx
** †Megalonyx jeffersonii – or unidentified comparable form
** †Megalonyx leptostomus
* Restoration of the Pliocene-Holocene ground sloth Megatherium. Robert Bruce Horsfall (1913). †Megatherium
** †Megatherium mirabite
* †Megatylopus
** †Megatylopus matthewi – type locality for species
** †Megatylopus primaevus
* Melanella
** †Melanella extremis – or unidentified related form
** †Melanella minutissima – type locality for species
** †Melanella notata – or unidentified comparable form
** †Melanella wheeleri
* †Meliakrouniomys
** †Meliakrouniomys wilsoni – type locality for species
* Meliosma
** †Meliosma berryi – type locality for species
* †Menetus
** †Menetus dilataus
* Life restoration of the Miocene rhinoceros Menoceras †Menoceras
** †Menoceras barbouri
* †Menops
** †Menops bakeri
* Mephitis
** †Mephitis mephitis
* Meretrix
** †Meretrix nuttelliopsis
* †Merychippus
** †Merychippus gunteri
** †Merychippus insignis – or unidentified comparable form
** †Merychippus sejunctus
** †Merychippus shirleyae
* †Merychyus
** †Merychyus calaminthus – or unidentified comparable form
** †Merychyus novomexicanus
* Restoration of the Eocene-Oligocene oreodont mammal Merycoidodon. Heinrich Harder (1920). †Merycoidodon
** †Merycoidodon culbertsoni
** †Merycoidodon presidioensis
* Mesalia
** †Mesalia alabamiensis
** †Mesalia allentonensis
** †Mesalia biplicata
** †Mesalia claibornensis
** †Mesalia mavericki
* †Mescalerolemur – type locality for genus
** †Mescalerolemur horneri – type locality for species
* Mesodesma
** †Mesodesma singleyi
* †Mesodma
** †Mesodma pygmaea – or unidentified comparable form
** †Mesodma thompsoni
* †Mesohippus
** †Mesohippus texanus
* †Mesomphix
* †Metalopex
** †Metalopex bakeri – type locality for species
* Restoration of the Eocene-Miocene swamp rhinoceros Metamynodon. Charles R. Knight (1896). †Metamynodon
** †Metamynodon chadronensis
** †Metamynodon mckinneyi – type locality for species
* Metula
** †Metula brazosensis
** †Metula elongatoides – type locality for species
** †Metula gracilis
** †Metula reticulata – type locality for species
* †Michela
** †Michela trabeatoides – type locality for species
* †Michenia
** †Michenia exilis – type locality for species
* Shell in multiple views of a Microdrillia sea snail Microdrillia
** †Microdrillia aldrichella
** †Microdrillia aldrichiella
** †Microdrillia elongatula
** †Microdrillia harrisi
** †Microdrillia infans
** †Microdrillia laeviplicata
** †Microdrillia parthenoides
** †Microdrillia robustula – or unidentified related form
** †Microdrillia rostratula
** †Microdrillia solidula
* †Microeutypomys
** †Microeutypomys karenae – type locality for species
* †Microparamys
** †Microparamys minutus
** †Microparamys perfossus
* Illustration of a living Micropterus, or black bass Micropterus
* †Microsurcula
** †Microsurcula iuventae – type locality for species
* †Microsyops
** †Microsyops annectens
* †Microtomarctus
** †Microtomarctus conferta
* Microtus
** †Microtus australis
** †Microtus llanensis
** †Microtus meadensis
** †Microtus mexicanus
** †Microtus paroperarius
** †Microtus pennsylvanicus
** †Microtus pinetorum
* Micrurus
** A living Micrurus fulvius, or eastern coral snake †Micrurus fulvius
* Mictomys
** †Mictomys meltoni
* Miltha
** †Miltha albaripus
* †Mimetodon
** †Mimetodon silberlingi
* †Minippus
** †Minippus index
* †Mioclaenus
** †Mioclaenus opisthacus
* †Miocoluber – type locality for genus
** †Miocoluber dalquesti – type locality for species
* †Miocyon
** †Miocyon scotti – or unidentified comparable form
** †Miocyon vallisrubrae
* †Miohippus
* †Miolabis
* †Mionictis
* Restoration of the Pliocene-Pleistocene Miracinonyx, or American cheetah †Miracinonyx
** †Miracinonyx inexpectatus – or unidentified comparable form
** †Miracinonyx studeri
* Mitrella
** †Mitrella bastropensis
** †Mitrella nuttalli – type locality for species
** †Mitrella texana – type locality for species
* †Mixodectes
** †Mixodectes malaris
* Mnestia
** †Mnestia confusa – type locality for species
** †Mnestia dekayi
** †Mnestia ovata – type locality for species
** †Mnestia rotunda – type locality for species
* Modiolus – tentative report
* †Monoptygma
** †Monoptygma crassiplicum
* Montastraea
** †Montastraea intermedia
* †Moropus
** †Moropus oregonensis – or unidentified comparable form
* †Morrillia
** †Morrillia barbouri
* Murex
** †Murex fusates
** †Murex mansfieldi
* Mustela
** †Mustela rexroadensis
* Myctophum
** †Myctophum americanum – type locality for species
* Myliobatis
* Fossilized skeleton of the Pliocene-Holocene peccary Mylohyus †Mylohyus
** †Mylohyus fossilis
* Myotis
** †Myotis lucifugus
** †Myotis velifer
* Myrtea
** †Myrtea curta
** †Myrtea mesakta
** †Myrtea uhleri – or unidentified comparable form
* Mytilus
* †Mytonomys
** †Mytonomys coelumensis
** †Mytonomys robustus
* Myzinum – or unidentified comparable form

## N

* A
* B
* C
* D
* E
* F
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* H
* I
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* M
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* Y
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* Partial fossilized mandible of the Miocene-Pliocene horse Nannippus †Nannippus
** †Nannippus aztecus
** †Nannippus beckensis – type locality for species
** †Nannippus lenticularis
** †Nannippus peninsulatus
* †Nannodectes
** †Nannodectes gidleyi – or unidentified related form
* †Nanotragulus
** †Nanotragulus ordinatus
* Narona
** †Narona greggi
* Nassarius
** †Nassarius emoryi
** †Nassarius exilis
** †Nassarius nodosa – type locality for species
** †Nassarius seguinensis – type locality for species
* A living Nasua, or coati Nasua
** †Nasua pronarica – type locality for species
* Natica
** †Natica aperta
** †Natica brevisulcata – type locality for species
** †Natica clarkeana
** †Natica moffitti – type locality for species
** †Natica moorei
** †Natica permunda
** †Natica perspecta
** †Natica reversa
** †Natica saffordia
* A living Naticarius moon sea snail Naticarius
** †Naticarius reversa
** †Naticarius semilunata
* Natrix
** †Natrix erythrogaster
* †Navajovius
** †Navajovius kohlhaasae
* Nectandra
** †Nectandra lancifolia
* †Nekrolagus
** †Nekrolagus progressus
* Nemocardium
** †Nemocardium actium
** †Nemocardium gambrinum
** †Nemocardium quihi
* †Nemodon
** †Nemodon eufaulensis
* †Neochoerus – type locality for genus
** †Neochoerus pinckneyi
* Neofiber
** †Neofiber leonardi
* Neogale
** †Neogale vison
* Life restoration of a herd of Neohipparion. Robert Bruce Horsfall (1913). †Neohipparion
** †Neohipparion affine
** †Neohipparion eurystyle – type locality for species
** †Neohipparion leptode
* †Neonatrix
** †Neonatrix elongata
** †Neonatrix infera – type locality for species
* Neotamias
** †Neotamias cinereicollis
* Neotoma
** †Neotoma albigula
** †Neotoma floridana
** †Neotoma fossilis – or unidentified comparable form
** †Neotoma mexicana
** A living Neotoma micropus, or southern Plains woodrat †Neotoma micropus
** †Neotoma minutus
** †Neotoma quadriplicata
* †Neozanthopsis
** †Neozanthopsis americanus
* Neptunea – report made of unidentified related form or using admittedly obsolete nomenclature
* Nerodia
** †Nerodia fasciata
* †Nerterogeomys
** †Nerterogeomys paenebursarius
* Neverita
* †Nexuotapirus
** †Nexuotapirus marslandensis
* Fossilized partial cranium of the Miocene saber-toothed cat Nimravides †Nimravides
** †Nimravides hibbardi – type locality for species
** †Nimravides thinobates – or unidentified comparable form
* Niptus
** †Niptus abstrusus
* †Nonomys
** †Nonomys simplicidens
* Norrisia
** †Norrisia micromphala
* †Notharctus
** †Notharctus tenebrosus
* †Nothokemas
** †Nothokemas floridanus
** †Nothokemas hidalgensis – type locality for species
* †Nothotylopus
** †Nothotylopus camptognathus
* Life restoration of the Pleistocene ground sloth Nothrotheriops †Nothrotheriops
** †Nothrotheriops texanus
* †Nothrotherium
** †Nothrotherium shastense
* Notiosorex
** †Notiosorex crawfordi
** †Notiosorex jacksoni
* †Notiotitanops
** †Notiotitanops mississippiensis
* †Notolagus
** †Notolagus lepusculus
* Notophthalmus
** †Notophthalmus slaughteri – type locality for species
* Interior of a fossilized shell of the Early Ordovician-modern marine bivalve Nucula Nucula
** †Nucula cochlear – type locality for species
** †Nucula magnifica
** †Nucula mauricensis
** †Nucula mediavia
** †Nucula smithvillensis
* Nuculana
** †Nuculana aldrichiana
** †Nuculana corpulentoides
** †Nuculana demissa – type locality for species
** †Nuculana eoa
** †Nuculana jewetti
** †Nuculana milamensis
** †Nuculana ovula
** †Nuculana saffordana
** †Nuculana smithvillensis – or unidentified related form
** †Nuculana travisana – or unidentified comparable form
** †Nuculana trivitate
** †Nuculana turgeo – type locality for species
* †Nudivagus
* †Nuulana
** †Nuulana turgeo – type locality for species
* Nysius – tentative report

## O

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* D
* E
* F
* G
* H
* I
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* M
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* Y
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* Oculina
** †Oculina singleyi – type locality for species
* Odocoileus
** A living Odocoileus virginianus, or white-tailed deer †Odocoileus virginianus
* Odontaspis
** †Odontaspis exilis – type locality for species
* †Odontopolys
** †Odontopolys compsorhytis
* Odostomia
** †Odostomia ova – type locality for species
** †Odostomia trapaquara
* Ogmodontomys
** †Ogmodontomys poaphagus
* †Ogmophis
** †Ogmophis miocompactus
* Olivella
** †Olivella mediavia
* †Omomys
** †Omomys carteri
** †Omomys lloydi
* A living Ondatra, or muskrat Ondatra
** †Ondatra annectens
** †Ondatra idahoensis – or unidentified comparable form
** †Ondatra zibethicus
* Onychomys
** †Onychomys gidleyi
** †Onychomys hollisteri
** †Onychomys leucogaster
** †Onychomys pedroensis
** †Onychomys torridus
* Opalia
** †Opalia cooperi – type locality for species
* Opheodrys
** A living Opheodrys aestivus, or rough green snake †Opheodrys aestivus
* Ophisaurus
* †Oreodaphne
** †Oreodaphne obtusifolia
** †Oreodaphne perseaformis
** †Oreodaphne pseudoguianensis
* †Oromeryx
* †Orthosurcula
** †Orthosurcula adeona
** †Orthosurcula francescae
** †Orthosurcula indenta
** †Orthosurcula langdoni – or unidentified comparable form
** †Orthosurcula longipersa
** †Orthosurcula persa
** †Orthosurcula phoenicea
* Orthoyoldia
** †Orthoyoldia petropolitana
** †Orthoyoldia psammotaea
* Oryzomys
** †Oryzomys palustris
* Life restoration of the Miocene pronghorn Osbornoceros †Osbornoceros – tentative report
* Ostrea
** †Ostrea crenulimarginata
** †Ostrea duvali
** †Ostrea frithi
** †Ostrea kochae
** †Ostrea multilirata
** †Ostrea normalis
** †Ostrea pulaskensis
** †Ostrea semmesi
** †Ostrea sinuosa
* Otionella
** †Otionella tuberosa
* †Otostomia
** †Otostomia melanella
** †Otostomia trapaquara
* †Ourayia
** †Ourayia hopsoni
** †Ourayia uintensis
* Ovis
** †Ovis canadensis
* Life restoration of a pair of the Oligocene-Miocene camel Oxydactylus. Robert Bruce Horsfall (1913). †Oxydactylus
** †Oxydactylus benedentatus – type locality for species

## P

* A
* B
* C
* D
* E
* F
* G
* H
* I
* J
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* L
* M
* N
* O
* P
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* T
* U
* V
* W
* X
* Y
* Z
* †Pachecoa
** †Pachecoa adamsi
** †Pachecoa concentrica – type locality for species
** †Pachecoa decisa
** †Pachecoa microcancellata
** †Pachecoa ovalis
** †Pachecoa pulchra
** †Pachecoa sabinica
** †Pachecoa smithvillensis
* †Paenemarmota
** †Paenemarmota barbouri
* †Palaechthon
** †Palaechthon woodi – or unidentified comparable form
* †Palaeictops – tentative report
* †Palaeolama
** †Palaeolama mirifica
* Restoration of the Cretaceous-Eocene sea snake Palaeophis †Palaeophis
* †Palaeorhaphis
** †Palaeorhaphis palaeocenica – type locality for species
* †Paleoheterodon
** †Paleoheterodon tiheni
* †Paleotomus
** †Paleotomus senior
* Panopea
* Panthera
** †Panthera leo
** †Panthera onca
* †Papillina
** †Papillina dumosa
* †Paracryptotis
** †Paracryptotis rex
* Paracyathus
** †Paracyathus alternatus
** †Paracyathus bastropensis – type locality for species
* †Paraenhydrocyon
** †Paraenhydrocyon wallovianus
* †Parahippus
** †Parahippus leonensis – type locality for species
* †Parahyus
** †Parahyus vagus
* †Paralbula
** †Paralbula marylandica
* †Paramerychyus
** †Paramerychyus harrisonensis
* Fossilized skeleton of the Pliocene-Pleistocene ground sloth Paramylodon †Paramylodon
** †Paramylodon harlani
* †Paramys
** †Paramys delicatior – or unidentified comparable form
** †Paramys excavatus
** †Paramys leptodus
* †Paraoreomunea
* †Parapavo
** †Parapavo californicus
* †Parapotos – type locality for genus
** †Parapotos tedfordi – type locality for species
* †Paratoceras
** †Paratoceras macadamsi – type locality for species
** †Paratoceras wardi – type locality for species
* †Paratomarctus
** †Paratomarctus euthos
** †Paratomarctus temerarius
* Parbatmya – type locality for genus
** †Parbatmya brazosensis
** †Parbatmya fornicata – type locality for species
* †Parectypodus
** †Parectypodus sloani
* †Pareumys
** †Pareumys boskeyi
* †Paronychomys – tentative report
* †Parvitragulus
** †Parvitragulus priscus
* †Parvobalanus – type locality for genus
** †Parvobalanus gracilis – type locality for species
* †Patulaxis
** †Patulaxis scrobiculata
* †Pauromys
** †Pauromys simplex – type locality for species
** †Pauromys texensis
* †Pediomeryx
** †Pediomeryx hemphillensis – type locality for species
* Fossilized skull of the Eocene-Oligocene lizard Peltosaurus †Peltosaurus – tentative report
* †Penetrigonias
** †Penetrigonias dakotensis
* †Peraceras
** †Peraceras hessei
** †Peraceras superciliosum
* †Peradectes – tentative report
* †Peratherium
** †Peratherium comstocki
** †Peratherium marsupium
* Periploma
** †Periploma collardi
** †Periploma howei
* †Periptychus
** †Periptychus carinidens
* Perognathus
** †Perognathus carpenteri – type locality for species
** A living Perognathus flavus, or silky pocket mouse †Perognathus flavus
** †Perognathus pearlettensis
** †Perognathus rexroadensis – or unidentified comparable form
* Peromyscus
** †Peromyscus boylii
** †Peromyscus cragini
** †Peromyscus difficilis
** †Peromyscus eremicus
** †Peromyscus gossypinus
** †Peromyscus kansasensis
** †Peromyscus leucopus
** †Peromyscus maniculatus
** †Peromyscus pectoralis
** †Peromyscus progressus – or unidentified comparable form
* †Petauristodon
** †Petauristodon jamesi
** †Petauristodon minimus – or unidentified comparable form
* Petrophyllia
** †Petrophyllia singleyi
* †Pewelagus
** †Pewelagus dawsonae
* Phacoides
* Phaedon – or unidentified comparable form
* Phalium
** †Phalium brevicostatum
** †Phalium reklawensis – type locality for species
* †Phelopteria
* Life restoration of the Paleocene-Eocene ungulate Phenacodus. Charles R. Knight (1898). †Phenacodus
** †Phenacodus bisonensis
** †Phenacodus grangeri
** †Phenacodus matthewi
* Philine
* †Phlaocyon
** †Phlaocyon annectens
** †Phlaocyon minor
* Pholadomya
** †Pholadomya harrisi
** †Pholadomya leonensis
** †Pholadomya petropolitana
* Pholas
* Phos
** †Phos sagenum
** †Phos texanum
* Phrynosoma
** †Phrynosoma cornutum
* Phyllodus
* Physa
** †Physa anatina
** †Physa gyrina
* †Physocypria
** †Physocypria pustulosa
* Pinna – tentative report
* Pisidium
** †Pisidium nitidum
* Shell of a Pitar venus clam Pitar
** †Pitar angelinae
** †Pitar biboraensis
** †Pitar gazleyensis
** †Pitar hawtofi
** †Pitar juliae
** †Pitar kempae
** †Pitar nuttalliopsis
** †Pitar petropolitanus
** †Pitar pteleina
** †Pitar pteleinus
** †Pitar ripleyanus
** †Pitar texacola
** †Pitar texibrazus
** †Pitar tornadonis
** †Pitar trigoniata
** †Pitar turneri – type locality for species
* Pituophis
** †Pituophis melanoleucus
* †Plagiarca
** †Plagiarca rhomboidella
** †Plagiarca vaughani
* Plagiocardium – or unidentified comparable form
* Planorbis
** †Planorbis andersoni
* †Planorbula
** †Planorbula armigera
* Restoration of a herd of alarmed Miocene-Pleistocene peccaries of the genus Platygonus. Charles R. Knight (1922). †Platygonus
** †Platygonus bicalcaratus
** †Platygonus compressus
** †Platygonus pollenae
** †Platygonus vetus
* Platytrochus
** †Platytrochus primaevus – type locality for species
** †Platytrochus stokesi
* †Pleiolama
** †Pleiolama vera
* †Plesiocolopirus
** †Plesiocolopirus hancocki – or unidentified comparable form
* †Plesiogulo
** †Plesiogulo marshalli
* †Plesiolestes
** †Plesiolestes nacimienti
* †Plesiosminthus
* †Pleuofusia – tentative report
** †Pleuofusia huppertzi – type locality for species
* Pleurocera
** †Pleurocera acutum
* Pleurofusia
** †Pleurofusia huppertzi
** †Pleurofusia longirostropis
** †Pleurofusia prosseri
* †Pleurolicus
** †Pleurolicus sellardsi
* †Pleuroliria
* Pleuromeris
** †Pleuromeris leonensis
* Shell in multiple views of a Pleuroploca sea snail Pleuroploca
** †Pleuroploca plummeri – or unidentified related form
* †Pleurostoma
** †Pleurostoma adolescens
* Pleurotomella
** †Pleurotomella veatchi
** †Pleurotomella whitfieldi
* Plicatula
** †Plicatula filamentosa
** †Plicatula pustula – type locality for species
* Pliciscala
** †Pliciscala albitesta
* †Plinthicus
* Fossilized skull of the Miocene horse Pliohippus †Pliohippus
** †Pliohippus fossulatus
** †Pliohippus nobilis
** †Pliohippus pernix
** †Pliohippus spectans – tentative report
* †Pliometanastes
** †Pliometanastes protistus – or unidentified comparable form
* †Pliosaccomys
** †Pliosaccomys higginsensis
* †Pliotaxidea
** †Pliotaxidea nevadensis – or unidentified comparable form
* †Plotophysops – tentative report
** †Plotophysops angularis – type locality for species
* †Poabromylus
** †Poabromylus kayi
* Podomys
** †Podomys oklahomensis
* Life restoration of the Eocene-Oligocene camel Poebrotherium †Poebrotherium
** †Poebrotherium chadronense – type locality for species
** †Poebrotherium franki – type locality for species
* †Polidevcia
** †Polidevcia magna
* Polinices
** †Polinices aratus
** †Polinices eminulus
** †Polinices harrisii
** †Polinices julianna
** †Polinices onustus – type locality for species
* Polydora
* Polygyra
** †Polygyra texasiana
* Polymorphina
** †Polymorphina gibba
** †Polymorphina regularis
* Polyschides
** †Polyschides margarita
* Living Porites stony coral Porites
** †Porites douvillei
* Poromya – or unidentified related form
* †Postalia
** †Postalia americana – type locality for species
* †Potamides
** †Potamides matsoni
* †Pratilepus
** †Pratilepus kansasensis
* †Preophidion – type locality for genus
** †Preophidion petropolis
** †Preophidion stintoni – type locality for species
* Prionocidaris
** †Prionocidaris cojimarensis
* †Priscocamelus
** †Priscocamelus wilsoni
* †Priscoficus
** †Priscoficus juvenis
* †Pristichampsus
* Pristis
* †Probassariscus
* †Problastomeryx
** †Problastomeryx primus
* †Procamelus
** †Procamelus grandis
** †Procamelus leptognathus
** †Procamelus occidentalis
* †Procastoroides
** †Procastoroides sweeti
* †Procynodictis
** †Procynodictis vulpiceps – or unidentified comparable form
* Procyon
** †Procyon lotor
** †Procyon rexroadensis
* †Prodipodomys
** †Prodipodomys centralis
* †Progeomys
** †Progeomys sulcatus – type locality for species
* †Prohesperocyon
** †Prohesperocyon wilsoni
* †Proheteromys
** †Proheteromys sabinensis – type locality for species
** †Proheteromys toledoensis – type locality for species
* †Prolapsus
** †Prolapsus junctionis – type locality for species
** †Prolapsus sibilatoris – type locality for species
* †Promathildia
** †Promathildia parvilis – or unidentified comparable form
** †Promathildia parvula – or unidentified comparable form
* Promenetus
** †Promenetus exacuous
* †Promioclaenus
** †Promioclaenus acolytus
* †Proneofiber
** †Proneofiber guildayi – type locality for species
* Fossilized shells of the Triassic-modern marine bivalve Propeamussium Propeamussium
** †Propeamussium alabamense
* †Prosigmodon
* †Prosimnia
** †Prosimnia naviculae
* †Prosthennops
** †Prosthennops serus
** †Prosthennops xiphodonticus
* †Prosynthetoceras
** †Prosynthetoceras francisi – type locality for species
** †Prosynthetoceras orthrionanus – type locality for species
** †Prosynthetoceras texanus – type locality for species
* †Proterixoides
* †Prothryptacodon
* †Protictis
* Restorative models in multiple views of the Eocene brontothere Protitanotherium (figure 3) †Protitanotherium
** †Protitanotherium emarginatum
* †Protoceras – tentative report
* †Protocitta
** †Protocitta ajax – type locality for species
* †Protohippus
** †Protohippus gidleyi
** †Protohippus perditus
** †Protohippus supremus – type locality for species
** †Protohippus vetus
* †Protolabis
** †Protolabis coartatus
* †Protoreodon
** †Protoreodon parvus
** †Protoreodon petersoni
** †Protoreodon pumilus
* †Protosciurus
* †Protoscutella
** †Protoscutella mississippiensis
* †Protoselene – or unidentified comparable form
* †Protospermophilus
** †Protospermophilus quatalensis
* †Protosurcula
** †Protosurcula aurora – type locality for species
** †Protosurcula gabbii
** †Protosurcula tenuirostris
* †Protylopus – tentative report
* Pseudacris
** †Pseudacris clarki
** †Pseudacris ocularis
** †Pseudacris streckeri
* †Pseudaelurus – tentative report
* Replica of a fossilized cranium of the Miocene horse Pseudhipparion †Pseudhipparion
** †Pseudhipparion curtivallum
** †Pseudhipparion hessei – type locality for species
** †Pseudhipparion skinneri
* †Pseudoceras
** †Pseudoceras skinneri
* Pseudochama
* †Pseudocylindrodon
** †Pseudocylindrodon neglectus
** †Pseudocylindrodon pintoensis – or unidentified related form
** †Pseudocylindrodon texanus – type locality for species
* Pseudoliva
** †Pseudoliva ostrarupis
** †Pseudoliva santander
** †Pseudoliva scalina
** †Pseudoliva vetusta
* Pseudomalaxis
** †Pseudomalaxis acuta – type locality for species
** †Pseudomalaxis plummerae
** †Pseudomalaxis reklawensis – type locality for species
** †Pseudomalaxis texana
* †Pseudometula – type locality for genus
** †Pseudometula gradus – type locality for species
* †Pseudoparablastomeryx
** †Pseudoparablastomeryx scotti
* Fossilized skeleton of the Eocene protoceratid mammal Pseudoprotoceras †Pseudoprotoceras
** †Pseudoprotoceras minor
* †Pseudotheridomys
* †Pseudotomus
** †Pseudotomus johanniculi
** †Pseudotomus petersoni – or unidentified comparable form
* †Psittacotherium
** †Psittacotherium multifragum
* Pteria
** †Pteria deusseni
** †Pteria limula
** †Pteria petropolitana
* Pteris
** †Pteris dentata
* †Pteropsella
** †Pteropsella lapidosa
** †Pteropsella praelapidosa
* †Pterosphenus
** †Pterosphenus schucherti
* Pterothrissus
** †Pterothrissus truncatus
* Pterynotus
** †Pterynotus sabinola
** †Pterynotus stenzeli – type locality for species
* Illustration of a fossilized skull of the Paleocene multituberculate mammal Ptilodus †Ptilodus
** †Ptilodus mediaevus
* Ptinus
* Puma
** †Puma concolor
* Pupilla
** †Pupilla blandi
* Pupoides
** †Pupoides albilabris
* Pycnodonte
** †Pycnodonte sylvaerupis
* †Pylodictis
** A living Pylodictis olivaris, or flathead catfish †Pylodictis olivaris
* Pyramidella
** †Pyramidella bastropensis
** †Pyramidella dalli
** †Pyramidella filamentosa – type locality for species
** †Pyramidella perexilis
** †Pyramidella pirum – type locality for species
** †Pyramidella propeacicula
** †Pyramidella pseudopymaea
** †Pyramidella tundrae – type locality for species
* †Pyramimitra
** †Pyramimitra eocenica – type locality for species
** †Pyramimitra terebraeformis
* †Pyricythereis
** †Pyricythereis alabamensis
** †Pyricythereis delicata – type locality for species
** †Pyricythereis foveovalva – type locality for species
** †Pyricythereis seminuda – type locality for species
** †Pyricythereis smithvillensis – type locality for species
** †Pyricythereis subtriangularis – type locality for species

## Q

* A
* B
* C
* D
* E
* F
* G
* H
* I
* J
* K
* L
* M
* N
* O
* P
* Q
* R
* S
* T
* U
* V
* W
* X
* Y
* Z
* †Quadratomus
** †Quadratomus gigans
* A living Quadrula freshwater mussel †Quadrula
** †Quadrula frustulosa
** †Quadrula speciosa
* Quinqueloculina
** †Quinqueloculina claiborniana
** †Quinqueloculina seminulum
** †Quinqueloculina vulgaris

## R

* A
* B
* C
* D
* E
* F
* G
* H
* I
* J
* K
* L
* M
* N
* O
* P
* Q
* R
* S
* T
* U
* V
* W
* X
* Y
* Z
* Raja
** A living Raja texana also known as a roundel skate or Texas clearnose skate †Raja texana – type locality for species
* †Rana
** †Rana catesbiana – lapsus calami of Rana catesbeiana
** †Rana pipiens
* Ranularia
** †Ranularia hula
* Raphitoma
** †Raphitoma bastropensis – type locality for species
** †Raphitoma bellula
** †Raphitoma fannae
** †Raphitoma georgei – type locality for species
** †Raphitoma iuventae – type locality for species
** †Raphitoma rebecella
** †Raphitoma sabinia
** †Raphitoma specus
* Reithrodontomys
** †Reithrodontomys fulvescens
** †Reithrodontomys megalotis
** †Reithrodontomys montanus
** †Reithrodontomys moorei
** †Reithrodontomys rexroadensis – or unidentified comparable form
* †Retinella
** †Retinella indentata
* A living Retusa barrel bubble sea snail Retusa
** †Retusa adamsi
** †Retusa adamski – or unidentified comparable form
** †Retusa emoryi
** †Retusa galba
** †Retusa jacksonensis
** †Retusa kellogii
** †Retusa notata – type locality for species
** †Retusa sylvaerupis
* †Rhabdopitaria
** †Rhabdopitaria astartoides
** †Rhabdopitaria pricei
** †Rhabdopitaria texangelina
* Rhinobatos
* Rhinocheilus
** †Rhinocheilus lecontei
* Rhinoptera
* Rhizorus
** †Rhizorus conradianus
** †Rhizorus loisae
** †Rhizorus minutissimus
** †Rhizorus smithvillensis
** †Rhizorus volutatus
* Restoration of the Miocene-Pliocene elephant relative Rhynchotherium †Rhynchotherium – tentative report
* Rimella
** †Rimella laqueatus
** †Rimella texanum
* Ringicula
** †Ringicula alabamensis
** †Ringicula butleriana – tentative report
** †Ringicula dubia
** †Ringicula trapaquara
* †Rooneyia – type locality for genus
** †Rooneyia viejaensis – type locality for species
* †Rotalia
** †Rotalia beccarii
* †Rotularia
* †Rudiscala

## S

* A
* B
* C
* D
* E
* F
* G
* H
* I
* J
* K
* L
* M
* N
* O
* P
* Q
* R
* S
* T
* U
* V
* W
* X
* Y
* Z
* Saccella
** †Saccella atakta
* Salvadora
** †Salvadora paleolineata
* †Sapindus
** †Sapindus linearifolius
* Shell of a Sassia triton sea snail Sassia
** †Sassia nucleoides – type locality for species
** †Sassia septemdentata
** †Sassia septendentata
* †Saxolucina
** †Saxolucina claytonia
* Scalina
** †Scalina dolosa
** †Scalina trapaquara
* Scalopus
** †Scalopus aquaticus
* Scaphander
* Scaphella
** †Scaphella newcombiana
** †Scaphella showalteri
* A living Scaphiopus, or North American spadefoot toad Scaphiopus
* †Scaphites
* Sceloporus
** †Sceloporus olivaceus
** †Sceloporus undulatus
* †Scenopagus
** †Scenopagus edenensis – or unidentified comparable form
* †Schedocardia
** †Schedocardia hatchetigbeensis
* †Schizorthosecos
** †Schizorthosecos interstitia
* Sciurus
** A living Sciurus carolinensis, or eastern gray squirrel †Sciurus carolinensis
** †Sciurus niger
* Scobinella
** †Scobinella reticulatoides
* †Selaginella
* Selenophorus – or unidentified comparable form
* Semele
** †Semele australina
* †Semiactaeon
** †Semiactaeon texanum – type locality for species
* †Septastrea
** †Septastrea kerioides – type locality for species
* Serpulorbis
** †Serpulorbis gonioides
** †Serpulorbis multiclavus – type locality for species
* Sigatica
** †Sigatica harrisi
* Sigmodon
** †Sigmodon curtisi – or unidentified comparable form
** A living Sigmodon hispidus, or hispid cotton rat †Sigmodon hispidus
** †Sigmodon hudspethensis – type locality for species
** †Sigmodon minor
* †Signata – type locality for genus
** †Signata nicoli – type locality for species
** †Signata stenzeli – type locality for species
* Siliqua
** †Siliqua simondsi
* †Simidectes
** †Simidectes magnus
* †Similisciurus
** †Similisciurus maxwelli – type locality for species
* †Simimys – or unidentified comparable form
* Simnia
** †Simnia texana
* Sincola
** †Sincola galvestonensis
* Sinodia
** †Sinodia eocaenica
* Fossilized skeleton of the Eocene-Oligocene creodont mammal Sinopa †Sinopa
** †Sinopa major
* Sinum
** †Sinum arctatum
** †Sinum bilix
** †Sinum declive
** †Sinum fiski – type locality for species
** †Sinum inconstans
** †Sinum moveum – type locality for species
** †Sinum taylori – type locality for species
* Siphonalia
** †Siphonalia newtonensis
** †Siphonalia plummeri
* Siren
** †Siren miotexana – type locality for species
* †Skaptotion
** †Skaptotion reklawensis – type locality for species
* Skena
** †Skena pignus
* Skenea
** †Skenea dalli
* Life restoration of the Pleistocene-Holocene saber-tooth cat Smilodon †Smilodon
** †Smilodon fatalis
* †Soergelia
** †Soergelia mayfieldi
* Solariella
** †Solariella aldrichiana
** †Solariella tricostata
* Solariorbis
** †Solariorbis conicus – type locality for species
** †Solariorbis discoides – type locality for species
** †Solariorbis parsnaticoide – type locality for species
** †Solariorbis parsnaticoides – type locality for species
** †Solariorbis proius
** †Solariorbis velarum – type locality for species
* †Solastella – type locality for genus
** †Solastella cookei – type locality for species
* Solemya
** †Solemya bilix
* Solen
** †Solen pendletonensis
* Solena
** †Solena shirleyi – type locality for species
* †Sophora
** †Sophora wilcoxiana
* Sorex
** †Sorex cinereus
** †Sorex cudahyensis
** †Sorex lacustris
** †Sorex megapalustris
** A living Sorex palustris, or American water shrew †Sorex palustris
** †Sorex pratensis
** †Sorex taylori
** †Sorex vagrans
* Spermophilus
** †Spermophilus elegans – or unidentified comparable form
** †Spermophilus finlayensis
** †Spermophilus howelli – or unidentified comparable form
** †Spermophilus mcgheei
** †Spermophilus spilosoma
** A living Ictidomys tridecemlineatus (formerly Spermophilus tridecemlineatus), or thirteen-lined ground squirrel †Spermophilus tridecemlineatus
** †Spermophilus variegatus
* Sphaerium
** †Sphaerium striatinum
* †Sphyreana
* Spilogale
** †Spilogale microdens
** †Spilogale putorius
** †Spilogale rexroadi
* †Spinizoncolpites
** †Spinizoncolpites prominatus
* Spirorbis
** †Spirorbis leptostoma
* Spirotropis
** †Spirotropis claibornica – type locality for species
* Spisula
** †Spisula parilis
* Sportella – tentative report
** †Sportella divaricata
* Stagnicola
** †Stagnicola bulimoides
** †Stagnicola exilis
** †Stagnicola reflexa
* Mounted fossilized skeleton of the Pliocene-Pleistocene elephant relative Stegomastodon †Stegomastodon
** †Stegomastodon mirificus
* †Steneofiber
** †Steneofiber barbouri – or unidentified comparable form
** †Steneofiber fossor
** †Steneofiber hesperus
* †Stenomylus
* †Stenotrema
** †Stenotrema leai
** †Stenotrema monodon
* Sternotherus
* Sthenictis
* †Stintonia
** †Stintonia brazosia
* Mounted fossilized skeleton of the fossil pronghorn Stockoceros †Stockoceros – or unidentified comparable form
* Storeria
** †Storeria dekayi
* †Strepsidura
** †Strepsidura contorea
** †Strepsidura ficus
** †Strepsidura harrisi – type locality for species
* Striarca
** †Striarca stearnsii
** †Striarca webbervillensis
* †Striatolamia
** †Striatolamia macrota
* Strobilops
** †Strobilops texasiana
* †Stygimys
** †Stygimys vastus – type locality for species
* Life restoration of the Eocene taeniodont mammal Stylinodon mirus †Stylinodon
* Succinea
** †Succinea avara
* †Sulcocypraea
** †Sulcocypraea kennedyi
* Surculites
** †Surculites cabezai
** †Surculites lapillus – type locality for species
* †Surculoma
** †Surculoma dumblei
** †Surculoma falsabenes
** †Surculoma imbricata – type locality for species
** †Surculoma kellogii
** †Surculoma leoncola
** †Surculoma penrosei
* †Sycostoma
** †Sycostoma texana – type locality for species
* Sylvilagus
** †Sylvilagus audubonii
** †Sylvilagus floridanus
** †Sylvilagus hibbardi
* †Symmetrodontomys
** †Symmetrodontomys beckensis
** †Symmetrodontomys simplicidens
* †Symplocos
** †Symplocos amoena – type locality for species
** †Symplocos fritschii – type locality for species
** †Symplocos martinettoi – type locality for species
** †Symplocos platycarpa – type locality for species
** †Symplocos rothwelii – type locality for species
** †Symplocos trinitiensis – type locality for species
** †Symplocos trisulcata – type locality for species
* Synaptomys
** †Synaptomys australis – or unidentified comparable form
** †Synaptomys cooperi
* †Syncyclonema
* Life restoration of the Miocene even-toed ungulate Synthetoceras †Synthetoceras
** †Synthetoceras tricornatus – type locality for species
* Syrphus – or unidentified comparable form
* Syrrhophus
** †Syrrhophus marnocki

## T

* A
* B
* C
* D
* E
* F
* G
* H
* I
* J
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* L
* M
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* O
* P
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* X
* Y
* Z
* Tantilla
* Tanytarsus – tentative report
* A living Tapirus, or tapir Tapirus
** †Tapirus haysii
** †Tapirus veroensis
* Taxidea
** †Taxidea taxus
* Teinostoma
** †Teinostoma barryi – type locality for species
** †Teinostoma eoa
** †Teinostoma texanum
* Restoration of the Miocene-Pliocene rhinoceros Teleoceras †Teleoceras
** †Teleoceras fossiger
** †Teleoceras guymonense
** †Teleoceras hicksi
** †Teleoceras major
** †Teleoceras medicornutum
** †Teleoceras meridianum
* Shell of a Tellina, or tellin Tellina
** †Tellina cherokeensis
** †Tellina leana
** †Tellina makelloides
** †Tellina petropolitana
** †Tellina quihi
** †Tellina santander
** †Tellina semipapyra – or unidentified comparable form
** †Tellina semipapyria
** †Tellina tallicheti
** †Tellina trumani
* Shell in multiple views of a Tenagodus sea snail Tenagodus
** †Tenagodus texanus
* †Tenuimactra – type locality for genus
** †Tenuimactra hodgkinsoni – type locality for species
* †Tephrocyon
** †Tephrocyon scitulus
* Terebellum
* Terebra
** †Terebra texagyra
* †Terebrifusus
** †Terebrifusus amoenus
** †Terebrifusus multiplicatus
* Teredo
** †Teredo maverickensis
** †Teredo ringens
* Terminalia
** †Terminalia hilgardiana
* †Ternstroemites
** †Ternstroemites preclaibornensis
* Terrapene
** †Terrapene carolina
** †Terrapene ornata
* Testudo
* Restoration of the Pleictocene pronghorn Tetrameryx †Tetrameryx
** †Tetrameryx knoxensis
** †Tetrameryx shuleri
* †Texasophis – type locality for genus
** †Texasophis fossilis – type locality for species
* †Texmelanatria
** †Texmelanatria angeloi
** †Texmelanatria texana
* †Texoceros
** †Texoceros altidens – type locality for species
* †Texodon
** †Texodon meridianus – type locality for species
* †Texomys
** †Texomys ritchiei – type locality for species
* Thamnophis
** †Thamnophis proximus
** †Thamnophis saurita
** †Thamnophis sirtalis
* Theodoxus
** †Theodoxus domicilium – type locality for species
* Mounted fossilized skeleton of the Miocene-Pliocene ground sloth Thinobadistes †Thinobadistes
** †Thinobadistes wetzeli
* †Thisbemys
** †Thisbemys corrugatus
* Thomomys
** †Thomomys bottae
** †Thomomys talpoides – or unidentified comparable form
* †Tibiella – report made of unidentified related form or using admittedly obsolete nomenclature
** †Tibiella texana
* †Tiburnus
** †Tiburnus texanus
* †Ticholeptus
** †Ticholeptus rileyi – type locality for species
* Life restoration of the Paleocene pantodont mammal Titanoides †Titanoides
** †Titanoides gidleyi – or unidentified comparable form
* †Tomarctus
** †Tomarctus brevirostris
* †Tornatellaea
** †Tornatellaea leai
** †Tornatellaea quercollis – tentative report
** †Tornatellaea texana
* †Tornatina – report made of unidentified related form or using admittedly obsolete nomenclature
** †Tornatina angelinae
* †Toromeryx
** †Toromeryx marginensis – type locality for species
* †Toxotherium
** †Toxotherium hunteri
* †Transovula
** †Transovula scobina – type locality for species
* †Trichiuris
* †Trigonias – tentative report
* †Trigonictis
** †Trigonictis cookii
* Trigonostoma
** †Trigonostoma babylonicum
** †Trigonostoma elegantissima – type locality for species
** †Trigonostoma gemmatum
** †Trigonostoma harrisi
** †Trigonostoma herbae – type locality for species
** †Trigonostoma jonesae – type locality for species
** †Trigonostoma panones
** †Trigonostoma penrosei
** †Trigonostoma sabinetownense
** †Trigonostoma sabinetownensis – type locality for species
* Trigonulina
** †Trigonulina satex
* †Trimalaxis – type locality for genus
** †Trimalaxis ora – type locality for species
* †Trinacria
** †Trinacria microcancellata – type locality for species
* †Tripia
** †Tripia anteatripla – tentative report
* †Triplopus – tentative report
** †Triplopus implicatus – or unidentified comparable form
* Trochita
** †Trochita aperta
* Trochocyathus
** †Trochocyathus coloradoensis – type locality for species
** †Trochocyathus uber – type locality for species
* A living Tropidoclonion, or lined snake Tropidoclonion
** †Tropidoclonion lineatum
* †Tropisurcula
** †Tropisurcula crenula – tentative report
** †Tropisurcula grandis – type locality for species
** †Tropisurcula milamensis – type locality for species
** †Tropisurcula planus – type locality for species
* †Truncilla
** †Truncilla truncata
* †Trygon
** †Trygon alveolatus – type locality for species
* †Trypanotoma
** †Trypanotoma longispira
** †Trypanotoma terebriformis
* †Trypanotopsis
** †Trypanotopsis texana
* †Tuba
** †Tuba antiquata
* Tubiola
** †Tubiola gracilis – type locality for species
* Shell of a Tucetona bittersweet clam Tucetona
** †Tucetona sabinensis
* †Turbinolia
** †Turbinolia pharetra
** †Turbinolia subtercisa – type locality for species
** †Turbinolia tenuis
* Turboella
* Turbonilla
** †Turbonilla clinensis
** †Turbonilla meta – type locality for species
** †Turbonilla neglecta – type locality for species
* Turpinia
** †Turpinia tiffneyi – type locality for species
* Turricula
** †Turricula floweri
** †Turricula nasuta
** †Turricula plenta
* Shell in multiple views of a Turris sea snail Turris
** †Turris bimaniofus – or unidentified comparable form
** †Turris capax
** †Turris mediavia
** †Turris nadoideus
** †Turris nasuta – or unidentified comparable form
** †Turris rockscreekensis
** †Turris specus
* Turritella
** †Turritella – type locality for species informal
** †Turritella bellifera
** †Turritella biplicata – or unidentified comparable form
** †Turritella chirena
** †Turritella cortezi
** †Turritella dutexata
** †Turritella eurynome
** †Turritella femina
** †Turritella hilli
** †Turritella houstonia
** †Turritella humerosa
** †Turritella kincaidensis
** †Turritella nasuta
** †Turritella nerinexa
** †Turritella ola
** †Turritella plummeri
** †Turritella polysticha
** †Turritella prehumerosa
** †Turritella premortoni
** †Turritella turneri
* †Tylotrochus
* A living Tympanuchus, or prairie chicken Tympanuchus
* Typhina
** †Typhina palmerae
* †Typodus
** †Typodus thyroidea
* Tyto
** †Tyto alba

## U

* A
* B
* C
* D
* E
* F
* G
* H
* I
* J
* K
* L
* M
* N
* O
* P
* Q
* R
* S
* T
* U
* V
* W
* X
* Y
* Z
* Life restoration of the Eocene mammal Uintatherium †Uintatherium – or unidentified comparable form
** †Uintatherium anceps
* Umbraculum
** †Umbraculum planulatum
** †Umbraculum tomaculum – type locality for species
* Unio
* Urocyon
** †Urocyon cinereoargenteus – or unidentified comparable form
** †Urocyon galushai
* Uromitra
** †Uromitra brazosana
* Ursus
** †Ursus americanus
* †Ustatochoerus
** †Ustatochoerus leptoscelos
** †Ustatochoerus major

## V

* A
* B
* C
* D
* E
* F
* G
* H
* I
* J
* K
* L
* M
* N
* O
* P
* Q
* R
* S
* T
* U
* V
* W
* X
* Y
* Z
* A living Vallonia land snail Vallonia
** †Vallonia gracilicosta
** †Vallonia parvula
* †Varicobela
** †Varicobela filum – type locality for species
* Venericardia
** †Venericardia bashiplata
** †Venericardia densata – type locality for species
** †Venericardia dua
** †Venericardia eoa
** †Venericardia horatiana
** †Venericardia jewelli
** †Venericardia mediaplata
** †Venericardia planicosta
** †Venericardia rotunda
** †Venericardia smithi
** †Venericardia smithii
** †Venericardia stewarti
** †Venericardia texalana
* Verticordia
** †Verticordia satex – or unidentified comparable form
* Vertigo
** Illustration of the opening of the shell of a Vertigo ovata land snail, or ovate vertigo †Vertigo ovata
* †Vetericardiella
** †Vetericardiella webbervillensis
* Vibracellina
** †Vibracellina capillaria
* †Viejadjidaumo
** †Viejadjidaumo magniscopuli – type locality for species
* †Viridomys
* †Vokesula
** †Vokesula aldrichi
** †Vokesula smithvillensis
* †Volutostrombus – type locality for genus
** †Volutostrombus eocenica – type locality for species
* †Volvaria
** †Volvaria gabbiana
** †Volvaria reticulata
* †Volvariella
** †Volvariella milamensis – type locality for species
* Volvulella
** †Volvulella reklawensis – type locality for species
* Vulpes
** †Vulpes stenognathus
** A living Vulpes velox, or swift fox †Vulpes velox
** †Vulpes vulpes

## X

* A
* B
* C
* D
* E
* F
* G
* H
* I
* J
* K
* L
* M
* N
* O
* P
* Q
* R
* S
* T
* U
* V
* W
* X
* Y
* Z
* †Xenochelys
* Fossilized skull of the Pliocene-Pleistocene wolf Xenocyon †Xenocyon
** †Xenocyon texanus
* Xenophora

## Y

* A
* B
* C
* D
* E
* F
* G
* H
* I
* J
* K
* L
* M
* N
* O
* P
* Q
* R
* S
* T
* U
* V
* W
* X
* Y
* Z
* Yoldia
** †Yoldia houstonia
** †Yoldia kindlei
** †Yoldia praecompsa
* Yua
** †Yua texana – type locality for species
* †Yumaceras
** †Yumaceras figginsi – or unidentified comparable form

## Z

* A
* B
* C
* D
* E
* F
* G
* H
* I
* J
* K
* L
* M
* N
* O
* P
* Q
* R
* S
* T
* U
* V
* W
* X
* Y
* Z
* †Zanthopsis
** †Zanthopsis peytoni
* †Zanycteris – tentative report
* Zonitoides
** Living Zonitoides arboreus land snails †Zonitoides arboreus