# List of birds of Hong Kong

This is a list of the bird species recorded in Hong Kong. The avifauna of Hong Kong include a total of 599 species, of which 12 have been introduced by humans.
This list's taxonomic treatment (designation and sequence of orders, families and species) and nomenclature (common and scientific names) follow the Hong Kong Bird List published by Hong Kong Bird Watching Society. Supplemental updates follow The Clements Checklist of Birds of the World, 2022 edition. The family accounts at the beginning of each heading reflect this taxonomy, as do the species counts found in each family account. Introduced and accidental species are included in the total counts for Hong Kong.
The following tags have been used to highlight several categories. The commonly occurring native species do not fall into any of these categories.
* (A) Accidental - a species that rarely or accidentally occurs in Hong Kong
* (I) Introduced - a species introduced to Hong Kong as a consequence, direct or indirect, of human actions

## Ducks, geese, and waterfowl

Order: Anseriformes Family: Anatidae
Anatidae includes the ducks and most duck-like waterfowl, such as geese and swans. These birds are adapted to an aquatic existence with webbed feet, flattened bills, and feathers that are excellent at shedding water due to an oily coating.
* Lesser whistling-duck, Dendrocygna javanica
* Graylag goose, Anser anser (A)
* Greater white-fronted goose, Anser albifrons (A)
* Lesser white-fronted goose, Anser erythropus (A)
* Taiga bean goose, Anser fabalis (A)
* Tundra bean goose, Anser serrirostris (A)
* Whooper swan, Cygnus cygnus (A)
* Ruddy shelduck, Tadorna ferruginea
* Common shelduck, Tadorna tadorna
* Cotton pygmy-goose, Nettapus coromandelianus (A)
* Mandarin duck, Aix galericulata (A)
* Baikal teal, Sibirionetta formosa
* Garganey, Spatula querquedula
* Northern shoveler, Spatula clypeata
* Gadwall, Mareca strepera
* Falcated duck, Mareca falcata
* Eurasian wigeon, Mareca penelope
* American wigeon, Mareca americana (A)
* Philippine duck, Anas luzonica (A)
* Indian spot-billed duck, Anas poecilorhyncha (A)
* Eastern spot-billed duck, Anas zonorhyncha
* Mallard, Anas platyrhynchos
* Northern pintail, Anas acuta
* Green-winged teal, Anas crecca
* Red-crested pochard, Netta rufina (A)
* Common pochard, Aythya ferina
* Ferruginous duck, Aythya nyroca (A)
* Baer's pochard, Aythya baeri (A)
* Tufted duck, Aythya fuligula
* Greater scaup, Aythya marila
* Velvet scoter, Melanitta fusca (A)
* White-winged scoter, Melanitta deglandi (A)
* Stejneger's scoter, Melanitta stejnegeri (A)
* Black scoter, Melanitta americana (A)
* Common goldeneye, Bucephala clangula (A)
* Smew, Mergellus albellus (A)
* Red-breasted merganser, Mergus serrator
* Scaly-sided merganser, Mergus squamatus (A)

## Pheasants, grouse, and allies

Order: Galliformes Family: Phasianidae
The Phasianidae are a family of terrestrial birds. In general, they are plump (although they vary in size) and have broad, relatively short wings.
* Chinese bamboo-partridge, Bambusicola thoracicus (A)
* Chinese francolin, Francolinus pintadeanus
* Japanese quail, Coturnix japonica

## Grebes

Order: Podicipediformes Family: Podicipedidae
Grebes are small to medium-large freshwater diving birds. They have lobed toes and are excellent swimmers and divers. However, they have their feet placed far back on the body, making them quite ungainly on land.
* Little grebe, Tachybaptus ruficollis
* Horned grebe, Podiceps auritus (A)
* Great crested grebe, Podiceps cristatus
* Eared grebe, Podiceps nigricollis (A)

## Pigeons and doves

Order: Columbiformes Family: Columbidae
Pigeons and doves are stout-bodied birds with short necks and short slender bills with a fleshy cere.
* Rock pigeon, Columba livia (I)
* Oriental turtle-dove, Streptopelia orientalis
* Eurasian collared-dove, Streptopelia decaocto
* Red collared-dove, Streptopelia tranquebarica
* Spotted dove, Spilopelia chinensis
* Barred cuckoo-dove, Macropygia unchall (A)
* Asian emerald dove, Chalcophaps indica (I)
* Orange-breasted green-pigeon, Treron bicinctus (A)
* Thick-billed green-pigeon, Treron curvirostra (A)
* Wedge-tailed green-pigeon, Treron sphenurus (A)
* White-bellied green-pigeon, Treron sieboldii (A)
* Whistling green-pigeon, Treron formosae (A)

## Cuckoos

Order: Cuculiformes Family: Cuculidae
The family Cuculidae includes cuckoos, roadrunners and anis. These birds are of variable size with slender bodies, long tails and strong legs. The Old World cuckoos are brood parasites.
* Greater coucal, Centropus sinensis
* Lesser coucal, Centropus bengalensis
* Chestnut-winged cuckoo, Clamator coromandus
* Asian koel, Eudynamys scolopacea
* Plaintive cuckoo, Cacomantis merulinus
* Square-tailed drongo-cuckoo, Surniculus lugubris (A)
* Large hawk-cuckoo, Hierococcyx sparverioides
* Northern hawk-cuckoo, Hierococcyx hyperythrus (A)
* Hodgson's hawk-cuckoo, Hierococcyx nisicolor
* Malaysian hawk-cuckoo, Hierococcyx fugax (A)
* Lesser cuckoo, Cuculus poliocephalus
* Indian cuckoo, Cuculus micropterus
* Common cuckoo, Cuculus canorus (A)
* Oriental cuckoo, Cuculus optatus

## Nightjars

Order: Caprimulgiformes Family: Caprimulgidae
Nightjars are medium-sized nocturnal birds that usually nest on the ground. They have long wings, short legs and very short bills. Most have small feet, of little use for walking, and long pointed wings. Their soft plumage is camouflaged to resemble bark or leaves.
* Gray nightjar, Caprimulgus jotaka (A)
* Savanna nightjar, Caprimulgus affinis

## Swifts

Order: Apodiformes Family: Apodidae
Swifts are small birds which spend the majority of their lives flying. These birds have very short legs and never settle voluntarily on the ground, perching instead only on vertical surfaces. Many swifts have long swept-back wings which resemble a crescent or boomerang.
* White-throated needletail, Hirundapus caudacutus
* Silver-backed needletail, Hirundapus cochinchinensis
* Brown-backed needletail, Hirundapus giganteus (A)
* Himalayan swiftlet, Aerodramus brevirostris
* Common swift, Apus apus (A)
* Pacific swift, Apus pacificus
* House swift, Apus nipalensis

## Rails, gallinules, and coots

Order: Gruiformes Family: Rallidae
Rallidae is a large family of small to medium-sized birds which includes the rails, crakes, coots and gallinules. Typically they inhabit dense vegetation in damp environments near lakes, swamps or rivers. In general they are shy and secretive birds, making them difficult to observe. Most species have strong legs and long toes which are well adapted to soft uneven surfaces. They tend to have short, rounded wings and to be weak fliers.
* Water rail, Rallus aquaticus (A)
* Brown-cheeked rail, Rallus indicus
* Slaty-breasted rail, Lewinia striata
* Eurasian moorhen, Gallinula chloropus
* Eurasian coot, Fulica atra
* Gray-headed swamphen, Porphyrio poliocephalus (A)
* White-browed crake, Poliolimnas cinereus (A)
* Watercock, Gallicrex cinerea
* White-breasted waterhen, Amaurornis phoenicurus
* Slaty-legged crake, Rallina eurizonoides (A)
* Ruddy-breasted crake, Zapornia fusca
* Band-bellied crake, Zapornia paykullii (A)
* Brown crake, Zapornia akool (A)
* Baillon's crake, Zapornia pusilla

## Cranes

Order: Gruiformes Family: Gruidae
Cranes are large, long-legged and long-necked birds. Unlike the similar-looking but unrelated herons, cranes fly with necks outstretched, not pulled back. Most have elaborate and noisy courting displays or "dances".
* Siberian crane, Leucogeranus leucogeranus (A)
* Common crane, Grus grus (A)

## Thick-knees

Order: Charadriiformes Family: Burhinidae
The thick-knees, also known as dikkops or stone-curlews, consist of species within the family Burhinidae, and are found throughout the tropical and temperate parts of the world.
* Great thick-knee, Esacus recurvirostris (A)

## Stilts and avocets

Order: Charadriiformes Family: Recurvirostridae
Recurvirostridae is a family of large wading birds, which includes the avocets and stilts. The avocets have long legs and long up-curved bills. The stilts have extremely long legs and long, thin, straight bills.
* Black-winged stilt, Himantopus himantopus
* Pied avocet, Recurvirostra avosetta

## Oystercatchers

Order: Charadriiformes Family: Haematopodidae
The oystercatchers are a group of waders; they form the family Haematopodidae, which has a single genus, Haematopus.
* Eurasian oystercatcher, Haematopus ostralegus (A)

## Plovers and lapwings

Order: Charadriiformes Family: Charadriidae
The family Charadriidae includes the plovers, dotterels and lapwings. They are small to medium-sized birds with compact bodies, short, thick necks and long, usually pointed, wings. They are found in open country worldwide, mostly in habitats near water.
* Black-bellied plover, Pluvialis squatarola
* European golden-plover, Pluvialis apricaria (A)
* American golden-plover, Pluvialis dominica (A)
* Pacific golden-plover, Pluvialis fulva
* Northern lapwing, Vanellus vanellus
* Gray-headed lapwing, Vanellus cinereus
* Lesser sand-plover, Charadrius mongolus
* Greater sand-plover, Charadrius leschenaultii
* Kentish plover, Charadrius alexandrinus
* White-faced plover, Charadrius dealbatus (A)
* Snowy plover, Charadrius nivosus
* Common ringed plover, Charadrius hiaticula (A)
* Long-billed plover, Charadrius placidus (A)
* Little ringed plover, Charadrius dubius
* Oriental plover, Charadrius veredus

## Painted-snipes

Order: Charadriiformes Family: Rostratulidae
Painted-snipes are short-legged, long-billed birds similar in shape to the true snipes, but more brightly coloured.
* Greater painted-snipe, Rostratula benghalensis

## Jacanas

Order: Charadriiformes Family: Jacanidae
The jacanas are a group of tropical waders in the family Jacanidae. They are found throughout the tropics. They are identifiable by their huge feet and claws which enable them to walk on floating vegetation in the shallow lakes that are their preferred habitat.
* Pheasant-tailed jacana, Hydrophasianus chirurgus

## Sandpipers and allies

Order: Charadriiformes Family: Scolopacidae
Scolopacidae is a large diverse family of small to medium-sized shorebirds including the sandpipers, curlews, godwits, shanks, tattlers, woodcocks, snipes, dowitchers and phalaropes. The majority of these species eat small invertebrates picked out of the mud or soil. Variation in length of legs and bills enables multiple species to feed in the same habitat, particularly on the coast, without direct competition for food.
* Whimbrel, Numenius phaeopus
* Little curlew, Numenius minutus
* Far Eastern curlew, Numenius madagascariensis
* Eurasian curlew, Numenius arquata
* Bar-tailed godwit, Limosa lapponica
* Black-tailed godwit, Limosa limosa
* Ruddy turnstone, Arenaria interpres
* Great knot, Calidris tenuirostris
* Red knot, Calidris canutus
* Ruff, Calidris pugnax
* Broad-billed sandpiper, Calidris falcinellus
* Sharp-tailed sandpiper, Calidris acuminata
* Curlew sandpiper, Calidris ferruginea
* Temminck's stint, Calidris temminckii
* Long-toed stint, Calidris subminuta
* Spoon-billed sandpiper, Calidris pygmeus
* Red-necked stint, Calidris ruficollis
* Sanderling, Calidris alba
* Dunlin, Calidris alpina
* Little stint, Calidris minuta
* Buff-breasted sandpiper, Calidris subruficollis (A)
* Pectoral sandpiper, Calidris melanotos (A)
* Asian dowitcher, Limnodromus semipalmatus
* Long-billed dowitcher, Limnodromus scolopaceus
* Eurasian woodcock, Scolopax rusticola
* Latham's snipe, Gallinago hardwickii (A)
* Common snipe, Gallinago gallinago
* Pin-tailed snipe, Gallinago stenura
* Swinhoe's snipe, Gallinago megala
* Terek sandpiper, Xenus cinereus
* Red-necked phalarope, Phalaropus lobatus
* Red phalarope, Phalaropus fulicarius (A)
* Common sandpiper, Actitis hypoleucos
* Green sandpiper, Tringa ochropus
* Gray-tailed tattler, Tringa brevipes
* Spotted redshank, Tringa erythropus
* Common greenshank, Tringa nebularia
* Nordmann's greenshank, Tringa guttifer
* Lesser yellowlegs, Tringa flavipes (A)
* Marsh sandpiper, Tringa stagnatilis
* Wood sandpiper, Tringa glareola
* Common redshank, Tringa totanus

## Buttonquail

Order: Charadriiformes Family: Turnicidae
The buttonquail are small, drab, running birds which resemble the true quails. The female is the brighter of the sexes and initiates courtship. The male incubates the eggs and tends the young.
* Small buttonquail, Turnix sylvaticus
* Yellow-legged buttonquail, Turnix tanki
* Barred buttonquail, Turnix suscitator (A)

## Pratincoles and coursers

Order: Charadriiformes Family: Glareolidae
Glareolidae is a family of wading birds comprising the pratincoles, which have short legs, long pointed wings and long forked tails, and the coursers, which have long legs, short wings and long, pointed bills which curve downwards.
* Oriental pratincole, Glareola maldivarum
* Small pratincole, Glareola lactea (A)

## Skuas and jaegers

Order: Charadriiformes Family: Stercorariidae
The family Stercorariidae are, in general, medium to large birds, typically with grey or brown plumage, often with white markings on the wings. They nest on the ground in temperate and arctic regions and are long-distance migrants.
* Pomarine jaeger, Stercorarius pomarinus
* Parasitic jaeger, Stercorarius parasiticus
* Long-tailed jaeger, Stercorarius longicaudus

## Auks, murres and puffins

Order: Charadriiformes Family: Alcidae
Alcids are superficially similar to penguins due to their black-and-white colours, their upright posture and some of their habits, however they are not related to the penguins and differ in being able to fly. Auks live on the open sea, only deliberately coming ashore to nest.
* Ancient murrelet, Synthliboramphus antiquus
* Japanese murrelet, Synthliboramphus wumizusume (A)

## Gulls, terns, and skimmers

Order: Charadriiformes Family: Laridae
Laridae is a family of medium to large seabirds, the gulls, terns, and skimmers. Gulls are typically grey or white, often with black markings on the head or wings. They have stout, longish bills and webbed feet. Terns are a group of generally medium to large seabirds typically with grey or white plumage, often with black markings on the head. Most terns hunt fish by diving but some pick insects off the surface of fresh water. Terns are generally long-lived birds, with several species known to live in excess of 30 years.
* Black-legged kittiwake, Rissa tridactyla
* Saunders's gull, Saundersilarus saundersi
* Slender-billed gull, Chroicocephalus genei (A)
* Black-headed gull, Chroicocephalus ridibundus
* Brown-headed gull, Chroicocephalus brunnicephalus
* Little gull, Hydrocoloeus minutus (A)
* Franklin's gull, Leucophaeus pipixcan (A)
* Relict gull, Ichthyaetus relictus (A)
* Pallas's gull, Ichthyaetus ichthyaetus
* Black-tailed gull, Larus crassirostris
* Common gull, Larus canus (A)
* Short-billed gull, Larus brachyrhynchus (A)
* Ring-billed gull, Larus delawarensis (A)
* Herring gull, Larus argentatus
* Caspian gull, Larus cachinnans
* Iceland gull, Larus glaucoides (A)
* Lesser black-backed gull, Larus fuscus
* Slaty-backed gull, Larus schistisagus
* Glaucous-winged gull, Larus glaucescens (A)
* Glaucous gull, Larus hyperboreus (A)
* Brown noddy, Anous stolidus (A)
* Black noddy, Anous minutus (A)
* Sooty tern, Onychoprion fuscatus (A)
* Bridled tern, Onychoprion anaethetus
* Aleutian tern, Onychoprion aleuticus
* Little tern, Sternula albifrons
* Gull-billed tern, Gelochelidon nilotica
* Caspian tern, Hydroprogne caspia
* White-winged tern, Chlidonias leucopterus
* Whiskered tern, Chlidonias hybrida
* Roseate tern, Sterna dougallii
* Black-naped tern, Sterna sumatrana
* Common tern, Sterna hirundo
* Great crested tern, Thalasseus bergii

## Tropicbirds

Order: Phaethontiformes Family: Phaethontidae
Tropicbirds are a family, Phaethontidae, of tropical pelagic seabirds now classified in their own order Phaethontiformes. Their relationship to other living birds is unclear, and they appear to have no close relatives. They have predominantly white plumage with elongated tail feathers and small feeble legs and feet.
* White-tailed tropicbird, Phaethon lepturus (A)

## Loons

Order: Gaviiformes Family: Gaviidae
Loons, known as divers in Europe, are a group of aquatic birds found in many parts of North America and northern Europe. They are the size of a large duck or small goose, which they somewhat resemble when swimming, but to which they are completely unrelated.
* Red-throated loon, Gavia stellata (A)
* Pacific loon, Gavia pacifica (A)
* Yellow-billed loon, Gavia adamsii (A)

## Shearwaters and petrels

Order: Procellariiformes Family: Procellariidae
The procellariids are the main group of medium-sized "true petrels", characterised by united nostrils with medium septum and a long outer functional primary.
* Bulwer's petrel, Bulweria bulwerii (A)
* Streaked shearwater, Calonectris leucomelas
* Flesh-footed shearwater, Ardenna carneipes (A)
* Wedge-tailed shearwater, Ardenna pacificus (A)
* Short-tailed shearwater, Ardenna tenuirostris

## Storks

Order: Ciconiiformes Family: Ciconiidae
Storks are large, long-legged, long-necked, wading birds with long, stout bills. Storks are mute, but bill-clattering is an important mode of communication at the nest. Their nests can be large and may be reused for many years. Many species are migratory.
* Black stork, Ciconia nigra
* Oriental stork, Ciconia boyciana

## Frigatebirds

Order: Suiformes Family: Fregatidae
Frigatebirds are large seabirds usually found over tropical oceans. They are large, black-and-white or completely black, with long wings and deeply forked tails. The males have coloured inflatable throat pouches. They do not swim or walk and cannot take off from a flat surface. Having the largest wingspan-to-body-weight ratio of any bird, they are essentially aerial, able to stay aloft for more than a week.
* Lesser frigatebird, Fregata ariel
* Christmas Island frigatebird, Fregata andrewsi (A)
* Great frigatebird, Fregata minor (A)

## Boobies and gannets

Order: Suliformes Family: Sulidae
The sulids comprise the gannets and boobies. Both groups are medium to large coastal seabirds that plunge-dive for fish.
* Masked booby, Sula dactylatra (A)
* Brown booby, Sula leucogaster (A)
* Red-footed booby, Sula sula (A)

## Cormorants and shags

Order: Suliformes Family: Phalacrocoracidae
Phalacrocoracidae is a family of medium to large coastal, fish-eating seabirds that includes cormorants and shags. Plumage colouration varies, with the majority having mainly dark plumage, some species being black-and-white and a few being colourful.
* Great cormorant, Phalacrocorax carbo
* Japanese cormorant, Phalacrocorax capillatus (A)

## Pelicans

Order: Pelecaniformes Family: Pelecanidae
Pelicans are large water birds with a distinctive pouch under their beak. As with other members of the order Pelecaniformes, they have webbed feet with four toes.
* Dalmatian pelican, Pelecanus crispus (A)

## Herons, egrets, and bitterns

Order: Pelecaniformes Family: Ardeidae
The family Ardeidae contains the bitterns, herons and egrets. Herons and egrets are medium to large wading birds with long necks and legs. Bitterns tend to be shorter necked and more wary. Members of Ardeidae fly with their necks retracted, unlike other long-necked birds such as storks, ibises and spoonbills.
* Great bittern, Botaurus stellaris
* Yellow bittern, Ixobrychus sinensis
* Schrenck's bittern, Ixobrychus eurhythmus
* Cinnamon bittern, Ixobrychus cinnamomeus
* Black bittern, Ixobrychus flavicollis
* Gray heron, Ardea cinerea
* Purple heron, Ardea purpurea
* Great egret, Ardea alba
* Intermediate egret, Ardea intermedia
* Chinese egret, Egretta eulophotes
* Little egret, Egretta garzetta
* Pacific reef-heron, Egretta sacra
* Cattle egret, Bubulcus ibis
* Chinese pond-heron, Ardeola bacchus
* Striated heron, Butorides striata
* Black-crowned night-heron, Nycticorax nycticorax
* Japanese night-heron, Gorsachius goisagi (A)
* Malayan night-heron, Gorsachius melanolophus (A)

## Ibises and spoonbills

Order: Pelecaniformes Family: Threskiornithidae
Threskiornithidae is a family of large terrestrial and wading birds which includes the ibises and spoonbills. They have long, broad wings with 11 primary and about 20 secondary feathers. They are strong fliers and despite their size and weight, very capable soarers.
* Glossy ibis, Plegadis falcinellus (A)
* Black-headed ibis, Threskiornis melanocephalus (A)
* Eurasian spoonbill, Platalea leucorodia
* Black-faced spoonbill, Platalea minor

## Osprey

Order: Accipitriformes Family: Pandionidae
The family Pandionidae contains only one species, the osprey. The osprey is a medium-large raptor which is a specialist fish-eater with a worldwide distribution.
* Osprey, Pandion haliaetus

## Hawks, eagles, and kites

Order: Accipitriformes Family: Accipitridae
Accipitridae is a family of birds of prey, which includes hawks, eagles, kites, harriers and Old World vultures. These birds have powerful hooked beaks for tearing flesh from their prey, strong legs, powerful talons and keen eyesight.
* Black-winged kite, Elanus caeruleus (A)
* Oriental honey-buzzard, Pernis ptilorhynchus
* Black baza, Aviceda leuphotes
* Cinereous vulture, Aegypius monachus (A)
* Crested serpent-eagle, Spilornis cheela
* Mountain hawk-eagle, Nisaetus nipalensis (A)
* Greater spotted eagle, Clanga clanga
* Steppe eagle, Aquila nipalensis (A)
* Imperial eagle, Aquila heliaca
* Bonelli's eagle, Aquila fasciata
* Gray-faced buzzard, Butastur indicus
* Eastern marsh-harrier, Circus spilonotus
* Hen harrier, Circus cyaneus (A)
* Pied harrier, Circus melanoleucos
* Crested goshawk, Accipiter trivirgatus
* Chinese sparrowhawk, Accipiter soloensis
* Japanese sparrowhawk, Accipiter gularis
* Besra, Accipiter virgatus
* Eurasian sparrowhawk, Accipiter nisus
* Northern goshawk, Accipiter gentilis (A)
* Black kite, Milvus migrans
* Brahminy kite, Haliastur indus (A)
* White-bellied sea-eagle, Haliaeetus leucogaster
* Common buzzard, Buteo buteo
* Eastern buzzard, Buteo japonicus

## Barn-owls

Order: Strigiformes Family: Tytonidae
Barn owls are medium to large owls with large heads and characteristic heart-shaped faces. They have long strong legs with powerful talons.
* Australasian grass-owl, Tyto longimembris (A)

## Owls

Order: Strigiformes Family: Strigidae
The typical owls are small to large solitary nocturnal birds of prey. They have large forward-facing eyes and ears, a hawk-like beak and a conspicuous circle of feathers around each eye called a facial disk.
* Collared scops-owl, Otus lettia
* Sunda scops-owl, Otus lempiji
* Oriental scops-owl, Otus sunia
* Mountain scops owl, Otus spilocephalus (A)
* Eurasian eagle-owl, Bubo bubo
* Brown fish-owl, Ketupa zeylonensis
* Asian barred owlet, Glaucidium cuculoides
* Collared owlet, Taenioptynx brodiei (A)
* Brown wood-owl, Strix leptogrammica
* Short-eared owl, Asio flammeus (A)
* Brown boobook, Ninox scutulata
* Northern boobook, Ninox japonica

## Hoopoes

Order: Bucerotiformes Family: Upupidae
Hoopoes have black, white and orangey-pink colouring with a large erectile crest on their head.
* Eurasian hoopoe, Upupa epops (A)

## Kingfishers

Order: Coraciiformes Family: Alcedinidae
Kingfishers are medium-sized birds with large heads, long, pointed bills, short legs and stubby tails.
* Common kingfisher, Alcedo atthis
* Black-backed dwarf-kingfisher, Ceyx erithaca (A)
* Ruddy kingfisher, Halcyon coromanda (A)
* White-throated kingfisher, Halcyon smyrnensis
* Black-capped kingfisher, Halcyon pileata
* Collared kingfisher, Todirhamphus chloris (A)
* Crested kingfisher, Megaceryle lugubris (A)
* Pied kingfisher, Ceryle rudis

## Bee-eaters

Order: Coraciiformes Family: Meropidae
The bee-eaters are a group of near passerine birds in the family Meropidae. Most species are found in Africa but others occur in southern Europe, Madagascar, Australia and New Guinea. They are characterised by richly coloured plumage, slender bodies and usually elongated central tail feathers. All are colourful and have long downturned bills and pointed wings, which give them a swallow-like appearance when seen from afar.
* Blue-throated bee-eater, Merops viridis (A)
* Blue-tailed bee-eater, Merops philippinus

## Rollers

Order: Coraciiformes Family: Coraciidae
Rollers resemble crows in size and build, but are more closely related to the kingfishers and bee-eaters. They share the colourful appearance of those groups with blues and browns predominating. The two inner front toes are connected, but the outer toe is not.
* European roller, Coracias garrulus (A)
* Dollarbird, Eurystomus orientalis

## Asian barbets

Order: Piciformes Family: Megalaimidae
The Asian barbets are plump birds, with short necks and large heads. They get their name from the bristles which fringe their heavy bills. Most species are brightly coloured.
* Great barbet, Psilopogon virens
* Chinese barbet, Psilopogon faber

## Woodpeckers

Order: Piciformes Family: Picidae
Woodpeckers are small to medium-sized birds with chisel-like beaks, short legs, stiff tails and long tongues used for capturing insects. Some species have feet with two toes pointing forward and two backward, while several species have only three toes. Many woodpeckers have the habit of tapping noisily on tree trunks with their beaks.
* Eurasian wryneck, Jynx torquilla
* Speckled piculet, Picumnus innominatus
* Rufous-bellied woodpecker, Dendrocopos hyperythrus (A)
* Bay woodpecker, Blythipicus pyrrhotis
* Rufous woodpecker, Micropternus brachyurus (A)
* Gray-headed woodpecker, Picus canus (A)

## Falcons and caracaras

Order: Falconiformes Family: Falconidae
Falconidae is a family of diurnal birds of prey. They differ from hawks, eagles and kites in that they kill with their beaks instead of their talons.
* Eurasian kestrel, Falco tinnunculus
* Amur falcon, Falco amurensis
* Eurasian hobby, Falco subbuteo
* Peregrine falcon, Falco peregrinus

## Cockatoos

Order: Psittaciformes Family: Cacatuidae
The cockatoos share many features with other parrots including the characteristic curved beak shape and a zygodactyl foot, with two forward toes and two backwards toes. They differ, however in a number of characteristics, including the often spectacular movable headcrest.
* Yellow-crested cockatoo, Cacatua sulphurea (I)

## Old world parrots

Order: Psittaciformes Family: Psittaculidae
Characteristic features of parrots include a strong curved bill, an upright stance, strong legs, and clawed zygodactyl feet. Many parrots are vividly coloured, and some are multi-coloured. In size they range from 8 cm (3.1 in) to 1 m (3.3 ft) in length. Old World parrots are found from Africa east across south and southeast Asia and Oceania to Australia and New Zealand.
* Alexandrine parakeet, Psittacula eupatria
* Rose-ringed parakeet, Psittacula krameri (I)

## Pittas

Order: Passeriformes Family: Pittidae
Pittas are medium-sized by passerine standards and are stocky, with fairly long, strong legs, short tails and stout bills. Many are brightly coloured. They spend the majority of their time on wet forest floors, eating snails, insects and similar invertebrates.
* Blue-winged pitta, Pitta moluccensis (A)
* Fairy pitta, Pitta nympha

## Cuckooshrikes

Order: Passeriformes Family: Campephagidae
The cuckooshrikes are small to medium-sized passerine birds. They are predominantly greyish with white and black, although some species are brightly coloured.
* Gray-chinned minivet, Pericrocotus solaris
* Scarlet minivet, Pericrocotus speciosus
* Ryukyu minivet, Pericrocotus tegimae (A)
* Ashy minivet, Pericrocotus divaricatus
* Brown-rumped minivet, Pericrocotus cantonensis
* Rosy minivet, Pericrocotus roseus (A)
* Black-winged cuckooshrike, Lalage melaschistos

## Vireos, shrike-babblers, and erpornis

Order: Passeriformes Family: Vireonidae
Most of the members of this family are found in the New World. However, the shrike-babblers and erpornis, which only slightly resemble the "true" vireos and greenlets, are found in South East Asia.
* White-bellied erpornis, Erpornis zantholeuca

## Old World orioles

Order: Passeriformes Family: Oriolidae
The Old World orioles are colourful passerine birds. They are not related to the New World orioles.
* Black-naped oriole, Oriolus chinensis
* Maroon oriole, Oriolus traillii (A)
* Silver oriole, Oriolus mellianus (A)

## Woodswallows

Order: Passeriformes Family: Artamidae
Woodswallows are soft-plumaged, somber-coloured passerine birds. There is a single genus, Artamus. The woodswallows are either treated as a subfamily, Artaminae, in an expanded family Artamidae, which includes the butcherbirds and Australian magpie, or as the only genus in that family.
* Ashy woodswallow, Artamus fuscus (A)

## Drongos

Order: Passeriformes Family: Dicruridae
The drongos are mostly black or dark grey in colour, sometimes with metallic tints. They have long forked tails, and some Asian species have elaborate tail decorations. They have short legs and sit very upright when perched, like a shrike. They flycatch or take prey from the ground.
* Black drongo, Dicrurus macrocercus
* Ashy drongo, Dicrurus leucophaeus
* Crow-billed drongo, Dicrurus annectens (A)
* Hair-crested drongo, Dicrurus hottentottus

## Monarch flycatchers

Order: Passeriformes Family: Monarchidae
The monarch flycatchers are small to medium-sized insectivorous passerines which hunt by flycatching.
* Black-naped monarch, Hypothymis azurea
* Japanese paradise-flycatcher, Terpsiphone atrocaudata
* Amur paradise-flycatcher, Terpsiphone incei

## Shrikes

Order: Passeriformes Family: Laniidae
Shrikes are passerine birds known for their habit of catching other birds and small animals and impaling the uneaten portions of their bodies on thorns. A typical shrike's beak is hooked, like a bird of prey.
* Tiger shrike, Lanius tigrinus
* Bull-headed shrike, Lanius bucephalus
* Red-backed shrike, Lanius collurio (A)
* Brown shrike, Lanius cristatus
* Long-tailed shrike, Lanius schach
* Gray-backed shrike, Lanius tephronotus (A)
* Chinese gray shrike, Lanius sphenocercus (A)

## Crows, jays, and magpies

Order: Passeriformes Family: Corvidae
The family Corvidae includes crows, ravens, jays, choughs, magpies, treepies, nutcrackers and ground jays. Corvids are above average in size among the Passeriformes, and some of the larger species show high levels of intelligence.
* Eurasian jay, Garrulus glandarius (A)
* Azure-winged magpie, Cyanopica cyanus (I)
* Red-billed blue magpie, Urocissa erythrorhyncha
* Indochinese green-magpie, Cissa hypoleuca (I)
* Gray treepie, Dendrocitta formosae
* Oriental magpie, Pica serica
* Eurasian magpie, Pica pica
* Daurian jackdaw, Corvus dauuricus (A)
* House crow, Corvus splendens
* Rook, Corvus frugilegus (A)
* Carrion crow, Corvus corone (A)
* Large-billed crow, Corvus macrorhynchos
* Collared crow, Corvus torquatus

## Fairy flycatchers

Order: Passeriformes Family: Stenostiridae
Most of the species of this small family are found in Africa, though a few inhabit tropical Asia. They are not closely related to other birds called "flycatchers".
* Gray-headed canary-flycatcher, Culicicapa ceylonensis

## Tits, chickadees and titmice

Order: Passeriformes Family: Paridae
The Paridae are mainly small stocky woodland species with short stout bills. Some have crests. They are adaptable birds, with a mixed diet including seeds and insects.
* Fire-capped tit, Cephalopyrus flammiceps (A)
* Yellow-bellied tit, Periparus venustulus
* Varied tit, Sittiparus varius (A)
* Japanese tit, Parus minor (A)
* Yellow-cheeked tit, Machlolophus spilonotus

## Penduline-tits

Order: Passeriformes Family: Remizidae
The penduline tits are a group of small passerine birds related to the true tits. They are insectivores.
* Chinese penduline-tit, Remiz consobrinus

## Larks

Order: Passeriformes Family: Alaudidae
Larks are small terrestrial birds with often extravagant songs and display flights. Most larks are fairly dull in appearance. Their food is insects and seeds.
* Mongolian short-toed lark, Calandrella dukhunensis (A)
* Eurasian skylark, Alauda arvensis
* Oriental skylark, Alauda gulgula (A)

## Cisticolas and allies

Order: Passeriformes Family: Cisticolidae
The Cisticolidae are warblers found mainly in warmer southern regions of the Old World. They are generally very small birds of drab brown or grey appearance found in open country such as grassland or scrub.
* Common tailorbird, Orthotomus sutorius
* Yellow-bellied prinia, Prinia flaviventris
* Plain prinia, Prinia inornata
* Zitting cisticola, Cisticola juncidis
* Golden-headed cisticola, Cisticola exilis

## Reed warblers and allies

Order: Passeriformes Family: Acrocephalidae
The members of this family are usually rather large for "warblers". Most are rather plain olivaceous brown above with much yellow to beige below. They are usually found in open woodland, reedbeds, or tall grass. The family occurs mostly in southern to western Eurasia and surroundings, but it also ranges far into the Pacific, with some species in Africa.
* Thick-billed warbler, Arundinax aedon
* Booted warbler, Iduna caligata (A)
* Sykes's warbler, Iduna rama (A)
* Black-browed reed warbler, Acrocephalus bistrigiceps
* Paddyfield warbler, Acrocephalus agricola (A)
* Blunt-winged warbler, Acrocephalus concinens (A)
* Manchurian reed warbler, Acrocephalus tangorum
* Blyth's reed warbler, Acrocephalus dumetorum (A)
* Oriental reed warbler, Acrocephalus orientalis

## Grassbirds and allies

Order: Passeriformes Family: Locustellidae
Locustellidae are a family of small insectivorous songbirds found mainly in Eurasia, Africa, and the Australian region. They are smallish birds with tails that are usually long and pointed, and tend to be drab brownish or buffy all over.
* Gray's grasshopper warbler, Helopsaltes fasciolatus (A)
* Marsh grassbird, Helopsaltes pryeri (A)
* Pallas's grasshopper warbler, Helopsaltes certhiola
* Middendorff's grasshopper warbler, Helopsaltes ochotensis (A)
* Pleske's grasshopper warbler, Helopsaltes pleskei
* Lanceolated warbler, Locustella lanceolata
* Brown bush warbler, Locustella luteoventris (A)
* Chinese bush warbler, Locustella tacsanowskia
* Baikal bush warbler, Locustella davidi (A)
* Russet bush warbler, Locustella mandelli
* Benguet bush warbler, Locustella seebohmi

## Cupwings

Order: Passeriformes Family: Pnoepygidae
The members of this small family are found in mountainous parts of South and South East Asia.
* Pygmy cupwing, Pnoepyga pusilla

## Swallows

Order: Passeriformes Family: Hirundinidae
The family Hirundinidae is adapted to aerial feeding. They have a slender streamlined body, long pointed wings and a short bill with a wide gape. The feet are adapted to perching rather than walking, and the front toes are partially joined at the base.
* Gray-throated martin, Riparia chinensis (A)
* Bank swallow, Riparia riparia
* Pale sand martin, Riparia diluta
* Barn swallow, Hirundo rustica
* Red-rumped swallow, Cecropis daurica
* Common house-martin, Delichon urbicum (A)
* Asian house-martin, Delichon dasypus

## Bulbuls

Order: Passeriformes Family: Pycnonotidae
Bulbuls are medium-sized songbirds. Some are colourful with yellow, red or orange vents, cheeks, throats or supercilia, but most are drab, with uniform olive-brown to black plumage. Some species have distinct crests.
* Red-whiskered bulbul, Pycnonotus jocosus
* Light-vented bulbul, Pycnonotus sinensis
* Sooty-headed bulbul, Pycnonotus aurigaster
* Black bulbul, Hypsipetes leucocephalus
* Brown-eared bulbul, Hypsipetes amaurotis (A)
* Chestnut bulbul, Hemixos castanonotus
* Mountain bulbul, Ixos mcclellandii

## Leaf warblers

Order: Passeriformes Family: Phylloscopidae
Leaf warblers are a family of small insectivorous birds found mostly in Eurasia and ranging into Wallacea and Africa. The species are of various sizes, often green-plumaged above and yellow below, or more subdued with greyish-green to greyish-brown colours.
* Wood warbler, Phylloscopus sibilatrix (A)
* Yellow-browed warbler, Phylloscopus inornatus
* Hume's warbler, Phylloscopus humei (A)
* Chinese leaf warbler, Phylloscopus yunnanensis (A)
* Pallas's leaf warbler, Phylloscopus proregulus
* Radde's warbler, Phylloscopus schwarzi
* Yellow-streaked warbler, Phylloscopus armandii (A)
* Dusky warbler, Phylloscopus fuscatus
* Willow warbler, Phylloscopus trochilus (A)
* Mountain chiffchaff, Phylloscopus sindianus (A)
* Common chiffchaff, Phylloscopus collybita (A)
* Eastern crowned warbler, Phylloscopus coronatus
* Ijima's leaf warbler, Phylloscopus ijimae (A)
* White-spectacled warbler, Phylloscopus affinis (A)
* Gray-crowned warbler, Phylloscopus tephrocephalus (A)
* Bianchi's warbler, Phylloscopus valentini (A)
* Martens's warbler, Phylloscopus omeiensis (A)
* Alström's warbler, Phylloscopus soror (A)
* Greenish warbler, Phylloscopus trochiloides (A)
* Two-barred warbler, Phylloscopus trochiloides
* Emei leaf warbler, Phylloscopus emeiensis (A)
* Pale-legged leaf warbler, Phylloscopus tenellipes
* Sakhalin leaf warbler, Phylloscopus borealoides (A)
* Japanese leaf warbler, Phylloscopus xanthodryas (A)
* Arctic warbler, Phylloscopus borealis
* Chestnut-crowned warbler, Phylloscopus castaniceps
* Sulphur-breasted warbler, Phylloscopus ricketti (A)
* Claudia's leaf warbler, Phylloscopus claudiae (A)
* Hartert's leaf warbler, Phylloscopus goodsoni
* Kloss's leaf warbler, Phylloscopus ogilviegranti (A)

## Bush warblers and allies

Order: Passeriformes Family: Scotocercidae
The members of this family are found throughout Africa, Asia, and Polynesia. Their taxonomy is in flux, and some authorities place some genera in other families.
* Pale-footed bush warbler, Urosphena pallidipes (A)
* Asian stubtail, Urosphena squameiceps
* Rufous-faced warbler, Abroscopus albogularis (A)
* Mountain tailorbird, Phyllergates cuculatus
* Manchurian bush warbler, Horornis borealis
* Brownish-flanked bush warbler, Horornis fortipes

## Long-tailed tits

Order: Passeriformes Family: Aegithalidae
Long-tailed tits are a group of small passerine birds with medium to long tails. They make woven bag nests in trees. Most eat a mixed diet which includes insects.
* Black-throated tit, Aegithalos concinnus

## Sylviid warblers, parrotbills, and allies

Order: Passeriformes Family: Sylviidae
The family Sylviidae is a group of small insectivorous passerine birds. They mainly occur as breeding species, as the common name implies, in Europe, Asia and, to a lesser extent, Africa. Most are of generally undistinguished appearance, but many have distinctive songs.
* Lesser whitethroat, Curruca curruca (A)
* Spot-breasted parrotbill, Paradoxornis guttaticollis (A)
* Vinous-throated parrotbill, Sinosuthora webbiana

## White-eyes, yuhinas, and allies

Order: Passeriformes Family: Zosteropidae
The white-eyes are small and mostly undistinguished, their plumage above being generally some dull colour like greenish-olive, but some species have a white or bright yellow throat, breast or lower parts, and several have buff flanks. As their name suggests, many species have a white ring around each eye.
* Indochinese yuhina, Staphida torqueola
* Black-chinned yuhina, Yuhina nigrimenta (A)
* Chestnut-flanked white-eye, Zosterops erythropleurus
* Swinhoe's white-eye, Zosterops simplex

## Tree-babblers, scimitar-babblers, and allies

Order: Passeriformes Family: Timaliidae
The babblers, or timaliids, are somewhat diverse in size and colouration, but are characterised by soft fluffy plumage.
* Rufous-capped babbler, Stachyridopsis ruficeps
* Streak-breasted scimitar-babbler, Pomatorhinus ruficollis

## Ground babblers and allies

Order: Passeriformes Family: Pellorneidae
These small to medium-sized songbirds have soft fluffy plumage but are otherwise rather diverse. Members of the genus Illadopsis are found in forests, but some other genera are birds of scrublands.
* Chinese grassbird, Graminicola striatus

## Laughingthrushes and allies

Order: Passeriformes Family: Leiothrichidae
The members of this family are diverse in size and colouration, though those of genus Turdoides tend to be brown or greyish. The family is found in Africa, India, and southeast Asia.
* Huet's fulvetta, Alcippe hueti (I)
* Blue-winged minla, Minla cyanouroptera
* Red-billed leiothrix, Leiothrix lutea
* Silver-eared mesia, Leiothrix argentauris (I)
* Chinese hwamei, Garrulax canorus
* Black-throated laughingthrush, Pterorhinus chinensis
* White-browed laughingthrush, Pterorhinus sannio
* Masked laughingthrush, Pterorhinus perspicillatus
* Greater necklaced laughingthrush, Pterorhinus pectoralis
* Chinese babax, Pterorhinus lanceolatus (A)

## Nuthatches

Order: Passeriformes Family: Sittidae
Nuthatches are small woodland birds. They have the unusual ability to climb down trees head first, unlike other birds which can only go upwards. Nuthatches have big heads, short tails and powerful bills and feet.
* Velvet-fronted nuthatch, Sitta frontalis

## Starlings

Order: Passeriformes Family: Sturnidae
Starlings are small to medium-sized passerine birds. Their flight is strong and direct and they are very gregarious. Their preferred habitat is fairly open country. They eat insects and fruit. Plumage is typically dark with a metallic sheen.
* European starling, Sturnus vulgaris
* Rosy starling, Pastor roseus (A)
* Daurian starling, Agropsar sturninus
* Chestnut-cheeked starling, Agropsar philippensis
* Black-collared starling, Gracupica nigricollis
* White-shouldered starling, Sturnia sinensis
* Chestnut-tailed starling, Sturnia malabarica
* Red-billed starling, Spodiopsar sericeus
* White-cheeked starling, Spodiopsar cineraceus
* Common myna, Acridotheres tristis (I)
* Crested myna, Acridotheres cristatellus

## Thrushes and allies

Order: Passeriformes Family: Turdidae
The thrushes are a group of passerine birds that occur mainly in the Old World. They are plump, soft plumaged, small to medium-sized insectivores or sometimes omnivores, often feeding on the ground. Many have attractive songs.
* White's thrush, Zoothera aurea
* Scaly thrush, Zoothera dauma
* Siberian thrush, Geokichla sibirica
* Orange-headed thrush, Geokichla citrina
* Chinese thrush, Otocichla mupinensis (A)
* Eurasian blackbird, Turdus merula
* Chinese blackbird, Turdus mandarinus
* Japanese thrush, Turdus cardis
* Gray-backed thrush, Turdus hortulorum
* Eyebrowed thrush, Turdus obscurus
* Brown-headed thrush, Turdus chrysolaus
* Pale thrush, Turdus pallidus
* Black-throated thrush, Turdus atrogularis (A)
* Red-throated thrush, Turdus ruficollis (A)
* Dusky thrush, Turdus eunomus
* Naumann's thrush, Turdus naumanni (A)

## Old World flycatchers

Order: Passeriformes Family: Muscicapidae
Old World flycatchers are a large group of small passerine birds native to the Old World. They are mainly small arboreal insectivores. The appearance of these birds is highly varied, but they mostly have weak songs and harsh calls.
* Gray-streaked flycatcher, Muscicapa griseisticta
* Dark-sided flycatcher, Muscicapa sibirica
* Ferruginous flycatcher, Muscicapa ferruginea
* Asian brown flycatcher, Muscicapa dauurica
* Brown-breasted flycatcher, Muscicapa muttui (A)
* Oriental magpie-robin, Copsychus saularis
* White-rumped shama, Copsychus malabaricus (I)
* Hainan blue flycatcher, Cyornis hainanus
* Chinese blue flycatcher, Cyornis glaucicomans (A)
* Hill blue flycatcher, Cyornis whitei (A)
* Brown-chested jungle flycatcher, Cyornis brunneatus (A)
* Small niltava, Niltava macgrigoriae
* Fujian niltava, Niltava davidi
* Blue-and-white flycatcher, Cyanoptila cyanomelana
* Zappey's flycatcher, Cyanoptila cumatilis (A)
* Verditer flycatcher, Eumyias thalassinus
* Lesser shortwing, Brachypteryx leucophris
* Rufous-tailed robin, Larvivora sibilans
* Japanese robin, Larvivora akahige
* Siberian blue robin, Larvivora cyane
* Bluethroat, Luscinia svecica
* Blue whistling-thrush, Myophonus caeruleus
* White-crowned forktail, Enicurus leschenaulti
* Slaty-backed forktail, Enicurus schistaceus
* Siberian rubythroat, Calliope calliope
* White-tailed robin, Myiomela leucura (A)
* Red-flanked bluetail, Tarsiger cyanurus
* Yellow-rumped flycatcher, Ficedula zanthopygia
* Green-backed flycatcher, Ficedula elisae (A)
* Narcissus flycatcher, Ficedula narcissina
* Ryuku flycatcher, Ficedula owstoni (A)
* Mugimaki flycatcher, Ficedula mugimaki
* Slaty-backed flycatcher, Ficedula erithacus (A)
* Rufous-gorgeted flycatcher, Ficedula strophiata
* Ultramarine flycatcher, Ficedula superciliaris (A)
* Taiga flycatcher, Ficedula albicilla
* Red-breasted flycatcher, Ficedula parva
* Plumbeous redstart, Phoenicurus fuliginosus
* Hodgson's redstart, Phoenicurus hodgsoni (A)
* Black redstart, Phoenicurus ochruros (A)
* Daurian redstart, Phoenicurus auroreus
* Chestnut-bellied rock-thrush, Monticola rufiventris (A)
* White-throated rock-thrush, Monticola gularis (A)
* Blue rock-thrush, Monticola solitarius
* Siberian stonechat, Saxicola maurus
* Amur stonechat, Saxicola stejnegeri
* Gray bushchat, Saxicola ferreus
* Pied wheatear, Oenanthe pleschanka (A)

## Waxwings

Order: Passeriformes Family: Bombycillidae
The waxwings are a group of birds with soft silky plumage and unique red tips to some of the wing feathers. In the Bohemian and cedar waxwings, these tips look like sealing wax and give the group its name. These are arboreal birds of northern forests. They live on insects in summer and berries in winter.
* Japanese waxwing, Bombycilla japonica (A)

## Flowerpeckers

Order: Passeriformes Family: Dicaeidae
The flowerpeckers are very small, stout, often brightly coloured birds, with short tails, short thick curved bills and tubular tongues.
* Plain flowerpecker, Dicaeum minullum (A)
* Fire-breasted flowerpecker, Dicaeum ignipectus
* Scarlet-backed flowerpecker, Dicaeum cruentatum

## Sunbirds and spiderhunters

Order: Passeriformes Family: Nectariniidae
The sunbirds and spiderhunters are very small passerine birds which feed largely on nectar, although they will also take insects, especially when feeding young. Flight is fast and direct on their short wings. Most species can take nectar by hovering like a hummingbird, but usually perch to feed.
* Mrs. Gould's sunbird, Aethopyga gouldiae
* Fork-tailed sunbird, Aethopyga christinae

## Leafbirds

Order: Passeriformes Family: Chloropseidae
The leafbirds are small, bulbul-like birds. The males are brightly plumaged, usually in greens and yellows.
* Blue-winged leafbird, Chloropsis cochinchinensis (I)
* Orange-bellied leafbird, Chloropsis hardwickii

## Weavers and allies

Order: Passeriformes Family: Ploceidae
The weavers are small passerine birds related to the finches. They are seed-eating birds with rounded conical bills. The males of many species are brightly coloured, usually in red or yellow and black, some species show variation in colour only in the breeding season.
* Baya weaver, Ploceus philippinus (A)

## Waxbills and allies

Order: Passeriformes Family: Estrildidae
The estrildid finches are small passerine birds of the Old World tropics and Australasia. They are gregarious and often colonial seed eaters with short thick but pointed bills. They are all similar in structure and habits, but have wide variation in plumage colours and patterns.
* Scaly-breasted munia, Lonchura punctulata
* White-rumped munia, Lonchura striata
* Chestnut munia, Lonchura atricapilla (A)

## Old World sparrows

Order: Passeriformes Family: Passeridae
Sparrows are small passerine birds. In general, sparrows tend to be small, plump, brown or grey birds with short tails and short powerful beaks. Sparrows are seed eaters, but they also consume small insects.
* House sparrow, Passer domesticus (A)
* Russet sparrow, Passer cinnamomeus
* Eurasian tree sparrow, Passer montanus

## Wagtails and pipits

Order: Passeriformes Family: Motacillidae
Motacillidae is a family of small passerine birds with medium to long tails. They include the wagtails, longclaws and pipits. They are slender, ground feeding insectivores of open country.
* Forest wagtail, Dendronanthus indicus
* Gray wagtail, Motacilla cinerea
* Western yellow wagtail, Motacilla flava
* Eastern yellow wagtail, Motacilla tschutschensis
* Citrine wagtail, Motacilla citreola
* White wagtail, Motacilla alba
* Richard's pipit, Anthus richardi
* Blyth's pipit, Anthus godlewskii (A)
* Upland pipit, Anthus sylvanus
* Rosy pipit, Anthus roseatus (A)
* Tree pipit, Anthus trivialis (A)
* Olive-backed pipit, Anthus hodgsoni
* Pechora pipit, Anthus gustavi
* Red-throated pipit, Anthus cervinus
* Water pipit, Anthus spinoletta (A)
* American pipit, Anthus rubescens

## Finches, euphonias, and allies

Order: Passeriformes Family: Fringillidae
Finches are seed-eating passerine birds, that are small to moderately large and have a strong beak, usually conical and in some species very large. All have twelve tail feathers and nine primaries. These birds have a bouncing flight with alternating bouts of flapping and gliding on closed wings, and most sing well.
* Brambling, Fringilla montifringilla
* Hawfinch, Coccothraustes coccothraustes (A)
* Yellow-billed grosbeak, Eophona migratoria
* Japanese grosbeak, Eophona personata (A)
* Common rosefinch, Carpodacus erythrinus
* Oriental greenfinch, Chloris sinica
* Eurasian siskin, Spinus spinus

## Longspurs and snow buntings

Order: Passeriformes Family: Calcariidae
The Calcariidae are a group of passerine birds which had been traditionally grouped with the New World sparrows, but differ in a number of respects and are usually found in open grassy areas.
* Lapland longspur, Calcarius lapponicus (A)

## Old World buntings

Order: Passeriformes Family: Emberizidae
The emberizids are a large family of passerine birds. They are seed-eating birds with distinctively shaped bills. Many emberizid species have distinctive head patterns.
* Crested bunting, Emberiza lathami
* Black-headed bunting, Emberiza melanocephala
* Red-headed bunting, Emberiza bruniceps (A)
* Chestnut-eared bunting, Emberiza fucata
* Pine bunting, Emberiza leucocephalos (A)
* Ortolan bunting, Emberiza hortulana (A)
* Slaty bunting, Emberiza siemsseni (A)
* Yellow-throated bunting, Emberiza elegans (A)
* Ochre-rumped bunting, Emberiza yessoensis (A)
* Pallas's bunting, Emberiza pallasi (A)
* Reed bunting, Emberiza schoeniclus (A)
* Yellow-breasted bunting, Emberiza aureola
* Little bunting, Emberiza pusilla
* Rustic bunting, Emberiza rustica (A)
* Yellow bunting, Emberiza sulphurata
* Black-faced bunting, Emberiza spodocephala
* Chestnut bunting, Emberiza rutila
* Yellow-browed bunting, Emberiza chrysophrys
* Tristram's bunting, Emberiza tristrami