OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Magic graph

A magic graph is a graph whose edges are labelled by the first q positive integers, where q is the number of edges, so that the sum over the edges incident with any vertex is the same, independent of the choice of vertex; or it is a graph that has such a labelling. The name "magic" sometimes means that the integers are any positive integers; then the graph and the labelling using the first q positive integers are called supermagic.
A graph is vertex-magic if its vertices can be labelled so that the sum on any edge is the same. It is total magic if its edges and vertices can be labelled so that the vertex label plus the sum of labels on edges incident with that vertex is a constant.
There are a great many variations on the concept of magic labelling of a graph. There is much variation in terminology as well. The definitions here are perhaps the most common.
Comprehensive references for magic labellings and magic graphs are Gallian (1998), Wallis (2001), and Marr and Wallis (2013).

## Magic squares

A semimagic square is an n × n square with the numbers 1 to n$^2$ in its cells, in which the sum of each row and column is the same. A semimagic square is equivalent to a magic labelling of the complete bipartite graph K$_{n,n}$. The two vertex sets of K$_{n,n}$ correspond to the rows and the columns of the square, respectively, and the label on an edge r$_i$ s$_j$ is the value in row i, column j of the semimagic square.
The definition of semimagic squares differs from the definition of magic squares in the treatment of the diagonals of the square. Magic squares are required to have diagonals with the same sum as the row and column sums, but for semimagic squares this is not required. Thus, every magic square is semimagic, but not vice versa.
# Łebki Wielkie

Łebki Wielkie is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Ojrzeń, within Ciechanów County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately 6 kilometres (4 mi) north-east of Ojrzeń, 8 km (5 mi) south of Ciechanów, and 70 km (43 mi) north of Warsaw.
# Łomianki

Łomianki is a town in Warsaw West County, Masovian Voivodeship, Poland. It had a population of 16,374 in 2008, and 24,270 in 2020. It is part of the Warsaw metropolitan area.

## History

It was the site of the Battle of Łomianki between Polish and German troops, fought on September 22, 1939 during the invasion of Poland.

## Attractions

Because the town is located between Kampinos National Park and Vistula river, and just a short distance from the outskirts of Warsaw, it is regarded as a desirable place to live for people who want to combine an outdoor lifestyle while still commuting each day to Warsaw. Kampinos National Park has hundreds of kilometers of cycling trails and the largest inland sand dunes in Europe. Elk and wild boar are often seen there. Łomianki is characterised by big residential houses, particularly around Ulica Zachodnia, and many active community groups. Many expats live in Łomianki, mostly because it is equidistant between the two international airports of the Warsaw metropolitan area, Chopin and Modlin.
Of interest in Łomianki are the Jazz Cafe where live music from all over Poland and beyond is a regular feature, Manufaktura Czekolady which is the only place in Poland where chocolate is made from bean to bar, and the Lemon Tree Pub where most community events are hosted. There are two Italian restaurants, both run by Italians, as well as a gourmet burger bar, a sushi restaurant.

## Twin towns and sister cities

* Noyelles-lès-Vermelles, France
* Columbia Heights, Minnesota, USA

## Sport

* KS Łomianki, football

## Gallery

* Houses in the Łomianki Górne district
* Monument to General Mikołaj Bołtuć
* Parish church of Margaret the Virgin
* Highway 7 "Trasa Gdańska" looking out over Łomianki Górne district
# Łomianki Chopina

Łomianki Chopina is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Łomianki, within Warsaw West County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately 2 kilometres (1 mi) north of Łomianki, 16 km (10 mi) north-east of Ożarów Mazowiecki, and 17 km (11 mi) north-west of Warsaw.
# Łoniewo, Masovian Voivodeship

Łoniewo is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Radzanowo, within Płock County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately 4 kilometres (2 mi) east of Radzanowo, 18 km (11 mi) east of Płock, and 83 km (52 mi) north-west of Warsaw.
# Łubna, Masovian Voivodeship

Łubna is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Góra Kalwaria, within Piaseczno County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately 9 kilometres (6 mi) north-west of Góra Kalwaria, 9 km (6 mi) south-east of Piaseczno, and 23 km (14 mi) south-east of Warsaw.
# Łukawska Wola

Łukawska Wola is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Głowaczów, within Kozienice County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately 5 kilometres (3 mi) south-west of Głowaczów, 20 km (12 mi) west of Kozienice, and 73 km (45 mi) south of Warsaw.
# Jin Ming

Jin Ming (Chinese: 金明; pinyin: Jīn Míng; 20 December 1913 – 15 March 1998) was a Chinese politician. He was originally from Yidu County, now known as Qingzhou city, in Shandong province. In February 1932, he joined the Communist Youth League of China; in the summer of the same year became a member of the Chinese Communist Party and participated in the Yidu Uprising in August.
In 1982, he served as a member of the Central Advisory Commission. He also served as the secretary-general of the State Council of the People's Republic of China, the secretary of the CPC Hebei Committee, among other posts. He died in Beijing in 1998.
# Łączany, Masovian Voivodeship

Łączany is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wierzbica, within Radom County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately 7 kilometres (4 mi) east of Wierzbica, 17 km (11 mi) south of Radom, and 108 km (67 mi) south of Warsaw.
# Łękawica, Kozienice County

Łękawica is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Grabów nad Pilicą, within Kozienice County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately 7 kilometres (4 mi) east of Grabów nad Pilicą, 23 km (14 mi) north-west of Kozienice, and 60 km (37 mi) south of Warsaw.
# Ślepowrony, Ostrów Mazowiecka County

Ślepowrony is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Nur, within Ostrów Mazowiecka County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately 9 kilometres (6 mi) south-east of Nur, 40 km (25 mi) south-east of Ostrów Mazowiecka, and 105 km (65 mi) north-east of Warsaw.
# Ślubowo

Ślubowo is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Sońsk, within Ciechanów County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately 8 kilometres (5 mi) south of Sońsk, 19 km (12 mi) south-east of Ciechanów, and 59 km (37 mi) north of Warsaw.
# Śmiary

Śmiary is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wiśniew, within Siedlce County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately 5 kilometres (3 mi) south-west of Wiśniew, 15 km (9 mi) south of Siedlce, and 88 km (55 mi) east of Warsaw.
# Śmiłów, Masovian Voivodeship

Śmiłów is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Jastrząb, within Szydłowiec County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately 3 kilometres (2 mi) south-west of Jastrząb, 5 km (3 mi) east of Szydłowiec, and 110 km (68 mi) south of Warsaw.
# Śniadków

Śniadków is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Orońsko, within Szydłowiec County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately 4 kilometres (2 mi) south-east of Orońsko, 13 km (8 mi) north-east of Szydłowiec, and 104 km (65 mi) south of Warsaw.
# Britstown

Britstown is a small farming town situated in the Northern Cape province of South Africa, in the Pixley ka Seme District Municipality, Emthanjeni Local Municipality. The town is named after Hans Brits who settled here after he accompanied David Livingstone on a venture into the interior.
Britstown lies in the heart of the Central Karoo and is located exactly halfway between Cape Town (via Three Sisters) and Johannesburg (via Kimberley) on the N12 national route, and thus is about 700 km from both cities. The N10 national route crosses the N12 500m outside the town. De Aar is the closest big town and lies 50 km East from Britstown on the N10.

## History

In 1877 a community centre and a church was built on a section of Brits's farm. A private irrigation scheme was started by the Smartt Syndicate in 1885 and liquidated in 1954. The concern built two dams, planted lucerne and wheat. They grazed karakul sheep and Clydesdale horses. In 1961, floods destroyed the Smartt Irrigation Board Dam and it was rebuilt by the government in 1964.

## Railway

The railway line from De Aar to Upington and Namibia passes through the town.

## Notable people

* Fritz Loots – Army general, founder of the South African Special Forces
* Louis Luyt – president of the South African Rugby Union, politician, businessman; founder of the Federal Alliance (South Africa) and The Citizen (South Africa).
* Thomas Smartt - politician
# The Room (novel)

The Room is the second novel by Hubert Selby Jr., first published in 1971.

## Plot

The novel centers on a nameless petty criminal locked in a remand cell awaiting trial for a crime only vaguely defined. As the novel progresses the man surrenders himself to self-pity and hatred, constructing elaborate fantasies of revenge and the torture he wishes to inflict on the officers who, he believes, falsely arrested him.

## Reception

Selby described the critical reception of the book as "the greatest reviews I've ever read in my life", although in reality it was not well received. The novel was regarded by Selby as the most disturbing book ever written, and Selby stated that he himself was unable to read it again for 20 years. At least one reviewer has expressed similar feelings, with claims that reading the novel made him physically sick. It has been described as "a terrifying journey into the darkest corners of the psyche."

## In popular culture

A section of The Room is used in Richard Linklater's Waking Life, where a red-faced man in a jail cell describes in vivid detail the abuse he intends to inflict once he is released.
The 2008 death metal track "Beg, You Dogs" by the band Benediction is based on the book.
# Świerże-Kończany

Świerże-Kończany (Polish pronunciation:) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Zaręby Kościelne, within Ostrów Mazowiecka County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.
# Świerże-Leśniewek

Świerże-Leśniewek (Polish pronunciation:) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Szulborze Wielkie, within Ostrów Mazowiecka County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.
# Świeszewo, Gmina Pokrzywnica

Świeszewo (Polish pronunciation:) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Pokrzywnica, within Pułtusk County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately 6 kilometres (4 mi) east of Pokrzywnica, 12 km (7 mi) south of Pułtusk and 44 km (27 mi) north of Warsaw.
# Świeszewo, Gmina Świercze

Świeszewo (Polish pronunciation:) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Świercze, within Pułtusk County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately 26 kilometres (16 mi) west of Pułtusk and 51 km (32 mi) north of Warsaw.
# Joseph Gattegno

Joseph Gattegno (Hebrew: יוסף גטניו; 1939-2016) (was an Israeli painter)
Born in Bulgaria, Joseph immigrated with his family to Israel in 1940 as a baby.
After his art studies, he was among the leaders of Israeli art group named 10+, which included Raffi Lavie and Moshe Givati. In 1963 he was sent by the Ministry of Culture and Education to represent Israel at the Biennale de Paris, France. In 1965 he won an acquisition award on behalf of the Tel Aviv Museum and was sent to Biennale de Paris again. In 1966 Gattegno won the Sharet scholarship for overseas studies from the America Israel Cultural Foundation and moved to Paris, with his wife. During his studies in Paris, he graduated from the Ecole Nationale Superieure des Beaux-Arts and École nationale supérieure des arts appliqués et des métiers d'art.

## International exhibitions

* Group Exhibition in Ostend, Belgium
* Group Exhibition, Centre Berger, Paris
* Group Exhibition in Cherbourg, France
* Solo exhibition at "Gallery Yves Brun", Paris
* Solo exhibition at De Sfinx, Amsterdam
* Solo exhibition sponsored by the organization Baron de Rothschild, France.
* Solo exhibition at Torrier Ardeche, France

## Exhibitions in Israel

* Solo exhibition Painters and Sculptors Association booth, Tel Aviv
* Exhibition "Day mode", "Bezalel" museum, Jerusalem
* Solo exhibition at Dugit museum
* Solo exhibition at "Liioik art house", Tel Aviv
* Solo exhibition at the Holon Municipal museum
* Solo exhibition at "Shlush Gallery", Tel Aviv
* Solo exhibition at "Efrat Gallery", Tel Aviv
# Żabieniec, Piaseczno County

Żabieniec is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Piaseczno, within Piaseczno County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately 3 kilometres (2 mi) south-east of Piaseczno and 19 km (12 mi) south of Warsaw.
# Żaków

Żaków is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Siennica, within Mińsk County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately 15 kilometres (9 mi) south-east of Mińsk Mazowiecki and 49 km (30 mi) east of Warsaw.
# Żbiki, Masovian Voivodeship

Żbiki is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Krasne, within Przasnysz County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately 12 kilometres (7 mi) south of Przasnysz and 78 km (48 mi) north of Warsaw.
# Żbiki-Kierzki

Żbiki-Kierzki is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Krasne, within Przasnysz County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately 12 kilometres (7 mi) south of Przasnysz and 79 km (49 mi) north of Warsaw.
# Żbiki-Starki

Żbiki-Starki is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Krasne, within Przasnysz County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately 9 kilometres (6 mi) south of Przasnysz and 81 km (50 mi) north of Warsaw.
# Żdżarki

Żdżarki is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Nowe Miasto nad Pilicą, within Grójec County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately 5 kilometres (3 mi) south of Nowe Miasto nad Pilicą, 39 km (24 mi) south-west of Grójec, and 78 km (48 mi) south-west of Warsaw.
# Zgórze, Masovian Voivodeship

Zgórze is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Miastków Kościelny, within Garwolin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately 6 kilometres (4 mi) west of Miastków Kościelny, 9 km (6 mi) east of Garwolin, and 63 km (39 mi) south-east of Warsaw.
# Andrei Georgescu

Andrei Georgescu (born 12 March 1983 in Bucharest, Romania) is a Romanian coach for the best team in Romania, Dinamo Bucharest

## Career

A former Dinamo Bucharest youth player, Georgescu also played for Coresi and Olimpia Ramnicu Sarat in his home country.
He signed for Bray Wanderers in July 2005 from Dublin AUL League side North Athletic. Georgescu who wears the squad number 9 at Bray made his debut for the Wicklow club on 15 July 2005 impressing to help the Seagulls to a 2–1 away victory over Waterford United. Georgescu, whose nickname is "Franco", became an instant favourite with Bray's supporters. He spent 3 years with Bray Wanderers until the 2008 season when he struggled to remain a permanent fixture in Bray's first team. As a result, Georgescu was loaned out to First Division title chasing side Shelbourne for the remainder of 2008. A combination of injuries and intense competition amongst Shelbourne's forward lineup saw Georgescu limited to 4 league appearances for Shels but nonetheless the Romanian striker showed glimpses of promise including scoring an equaliser for Shels in 1–1 friendly draw against English League 1 club Millwall. He made his competitive Shelbourne debut on 18 July 2008 in a 0–0 draw against Dundalk at Tolka Park. The striker joined Leinster Senior League Senior Division side Belgrove in early 2009 before he rejoined Shelbourne on 9 July 2009. Georgescu's second spell at Shelbourne lasted just two weeks and included 1 league appearance as a substitute. Georgescu joined First Division outfit Athlone Town in August 2009 and he scored 2 goals in 13 league and cup appearances for them that season.
Georgescu rejoined former club Bray Wanderers on 28 January 2010 but, after just 4 competitive appearances in his second spell, he parted ways with Bray in mid-season. In 2011 Franco retired from football and joined Dalkey United FC. He still coaches there now and he visits a number of schools around the dalkey area to teach them soccer.
# Khiamnyunga

The people of Khiamniungans trace their origin to a place called Khiamnyunga. Sometimes spelled "Khiamniunga Nokthang", "Khiamniunga", "Khiamnga", "Khiamngan" etc.
It is located few kilometres away from Patsho near Tshüvau village and Longsheu king. It is from this place, group of people moved to Lümuoking and the present day Patsho. Later numerous hamlets/villages begin to establish across the region.
# Osvaldo Artaza

Osvaldo Enrique Artaza Barrios (born 5 July 1955) is a Chilean physician who has served as minister of health administration.
# Yuri Udunyan

Yuri Karenovich Udunyan (Russian: Юрий Каренович Удунян; born 25 August 1994) is a Russian football player who plays for Legion Makhachkala.

## Club career

He made his professional debut in the Russian Professional Football League for Anzhi-2 Makhachkala on 12 August 2014 in a game against Alania Vladikavkaz. He made his Russian Football National League debut for Anzhi Makhachkala on 30 May 2015 in a game against Sakhalin Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk and scored on his second-tier debut.
# Bechamoun

Bechamoun (Arabic: بشامون), is a town near Beirut in the Mount Lebanon Governorate of Lebanon. It has an area about 6.6 square kilometres and elevation between 60 and 580 metres above sea level. It lies 8 kilometres from Beirut’s airport and central Beirut. The town has a population of greater than 15,000.
In November 1943, when the President of the Republic Bechara el-Khoury, the Prime Minister Riad el-Solh, and the majority of the ministers were arrested by the French mandatory forces, Emir Majid Arslan, Minister Habib Abou Chahla and the survivors of the French coup took refuge in Bechamoun and formed a free government, taking up arms in the event of a French attack. The government of Free Lebanon, known as the "Government of Bechamoun", maintained its positions until the prisoners were released on November 22, 1943.
Bechamoun was the first village to have raised the new Lebanese flag, adopted in secret by the deputies.

## Name

Bchamoun's name is derived from “Beit Chamoun” (Arabic). The word comes from Syriac Aramaic spoken by the Canaanites. “House of Chamoun” (English), "Temple of Eshmun" (Syriac Aramaic), a Phoenician god.

## Schools

Bchamoun has 10 schools, 8 private and 2 governmental.

## Hospitals

There is only one hospital in Bchamoun which is Bchamoun Speciality Hospital.

## Geography and Archaeology

Bchamoun is divided to 3 parts.
1. Al Day3a zone which is the old village and its three hills surrounded with forests and great views toward Beirut
2. Madares
3. Yanar is a modern city that lies under the hills overlooking the airport and Beirut.
An archaeological site was discovered 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) east of Khalde by V. Hankey in 1963. The site is located on the western terraces of a conical hill, west of the main village called Qalaa' Tahun-el-Haoua. An unpublished collection was also made by R. Saidah. Various potsherds were found and dated back to the Early Bronze Age by Maurice Dunand. Amongst the pottery was a sherd with a cylinder seal showing pattern of marching and alternating goats and lions that was similar to sherds showing a similar type of animalism from Byblos, Megiddo and other Palestinian and Syrian sites dating to the EB period. Although some thinner pink ware was found, sherds were usually red or grey, thick and well fired. The forms suggested were large, flat based jars with flared rims. Decorations found included incised patterns, made with combs to form bands of chevrons. Similar finds were discovered at Jaita I, Kaffer Jarra Roueisse, Nahr Damour, Aramoun and Khallet-el-Khazen. Two used flint blades were found along with part of a basalt object.
# Jogipol Union

Jogipol Union (Bengali: যোগীপোল ইউনিয়ন) is a union parishad in Dighalia Upazila of Khulna District, in Khulna Division, Bangladesh.

## Location

Jogipol Union is situated in the southern side of Atra Gilatala Union, eastern side of Rangpur Union, western side of KCC's ward no. 02 and northern side of KCC's ward no. 01.

## Villages

Jogipol Union Parishad is consist with nine wards. There are six villages and two Mouzas. This union is administrated by two different Thanas.
| No. | Village's Name | Mouza Name | Police Station |
| 01 | Rajapur | Teliganti | Aranghata Thana |
| 02 | Teliganti | Teliganti | Aranghata Thana |
| 03 | Khanabari | Teliganti | Aranghata Thana |
| 04 | Fulbari | Jugipol | Khan Jahan Ali Thana |
| 05 | Jabdipur | Jugipol | Khan Jahan Ali Thana |
| 06 | Jogipol | Jugipol | Khan Jahan Ali Thana |

## Markets

* Teliganti Pakarmatha Bazar
* Jabdipur Bou Bazar
* Fulbari Gate Daroga Bazar

## Educational institutions
### Universities

* Khulna University of Engineering & Technology

### Colleges

* Govt. Teacher's Training College
* Khan Jahan Ali Technical & BM College

### Schools

* Teligati High School
* Govt. Laboratory High School, Khulna
* Khanabari Girl's High School
* Fulbari Adarsha Secondary School
* Khulna Engineering University School
* Jogipol Government Primary School
* Jabdipur Government Primary School
# Kindblade Formation

The Kindblade Formation is a geologic formation in Oklahoma. It preserves fossils dating back to the Ordovician period.
# MaxDDBS

The Maximum Degree-and-Diameter-Bounded Subgraph problem (MaxDDBS) is a problem in graph theory.
Given a connected host graph G, an upper bound for the degree d, and an upper bound for the diameter k, we look for the largest subgraph S of G with maximum degree at most d and diameter at most k.
This problem is also referred to as the Degree-Diameter Subgraph Problem, as it contains the degree diameter problem as a special case (namely, by taking a sufficiently large complete graph as a host graph). Despite being a natural generalization of the Degree-Diameter Problem, MaxDDBS only began to be investigated in 2011, while research in the Degree-Diameter Problem has been active since the 1960s. Regarding its computational complexity, the problem is NP-hard, and not in APX (i.e. it cannot be approximated to within a constant factor in polynomial time).
# Kingsvale Formation

The Kingsvale Formation is a geologic formation in British Columbia. It preserves fossils dating back to the Cretaceous period.
# Korynochoerus

Korynochoerus is an extinct genus of even-toed ungulates that existed during the Miocene in Europe and Asia Minor.
# Kuttycephalus

Kuttycephalus is an extinct genus of temnospondyl amphibians in the family Chigutisauridae from the Upper maleri formation of India.
# Labrus

Labrus is a genus of wrasses native to the eastern Atlantic Ocean into the Mediterranean and Black seas.

## Species

The four currently recognized species in this genus are:
* Labrus bergylta Ascanius, 1767 (Ballan wrasse)
* Labrus merula Linnaeus, 1758 (brown wrasse)
* Labrus mixtus Linnaeus, 1758 (cuckoo wrasse)
* Labrus viridis Linnaeus, 1758 (green wrasse)

## Fossil record

Fossils of Labrus are found from the Eocene to the Quaternary (age range: from 55.8 to 0.781 million years ago.). They are known from various localities of France, Italy and the United Kingdom.