OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Alliinase

In enzymology, an alliin lyase (EC 4.4.1.4) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
    an S-alkyl-L-cysteine S-oxide $\rightleftharpoons$ an alkyl sulfenate + 2-aminoacrylate
Hence, this enzyme has one substrate, S-alkyl-L-cysteine S-oxide, and two products, alkyl sulfenate and 2-aminoacrylate.
This enzyme belongs to the family of lyases, specifically the class of carbon-sulfur lyases. The systematic name of this enzyme class is S-alkyl-L-cysteine S-oxide alkyl-sulfenate-lyase (2-aminoacrylate-forming). Other names in common use include alliinase, cysteine sulfoxide lyase, alkylcysteine sulfoxide lyase, S-alkylcysteine sulfoxide lyase, L-cysteine sulfoxide lyase, S-alkyl-L-cysteine sulfoxide lyase, and alliin alkyl-sulfenate-lyase. It employs one cofactor, pyridoxal phosphate.
Many alliinases contain a novel N-terminal epidermal growth factor-like domain (EGF-like domain).

## Occurrence

These enzymes are found in plants of the genus Allium, such as garlic and onions. Alliinase is responsible for catalyzing chemical reactions that produce the volatile chemicals that give these foods their flavors, odors, and tear-inducing properties. Alliinases are part of the plant's defense against herbivores. Alliinase is normally sequestered within a plant cell, but, when the plant is damaged by a feeding animal, the alliinase is released to catalyze the production of the pungent chemicals. This tends to have a deterrent effect on the animal. The same reaction occurs when onion or garlic is cut with a knife in the kitchen.

## Chemistry

In garlic, an alliinase enzyme acts on the chemical alliin converting it into allicin. The process involves two stages: elimination of 2-propenesulfenic acid from the amino acid unit (with dehydroalanine as a byproduct), and then condensation of two of the sulfenic acid molecules.
Alliin and related substrates found in nature are chiral at the sulfoxide position (usually having the S absolute configuration, and alliin itself was the first natural product found to have both carbon- and sulfur-centered stereochemistry. However, the sulfenic acid intermediate is not chiral, and the final product's stereochemistry is not controlled.
There are a range of similar enzymes that can react with the cysteine-derived sulfoxides present in different species. In onions, an isomer of alliin, isoalliin, is converted to 1-propenesulfenic acid. A separate enzyme, the lachrymatory factor synthase or LFS, then converts this chemical to syn-propanethial-S-oxide, a potent lachrymator. The analogous butyl compound, syn-butanethial-S-oxide, is found in Allium siculum species.

## Structural studies

As of late 2007, 3 structures have been solved for this class of enzymes, using X-ray crystallography. The PDB accession codes are 1LK9, 2HOR, and 2HOX.
# ORDATA

ORDATA is a United States government database of landmines and other unexploded ordnance, developed to assist humanitarian demining work. The original version of ORDATA released in 1997 was CD-ROM based, and incorporated material from the earlier Minefacts program. ORDATA 2.0 was distributed on a CD-ROM and on the Internet. The database is hosted on the Center for International Stabilization and Recovery website, a part of James Madison University. In 2014-15 the interface underwent a revision and the data partially updated. The new site is known as the Collaborative ORDnance Data Repository (CORD) and is available online. An offline version is in development.
# SS Laksnes

Laksnes was a 1,587 GRT cargo ship that was built in 1927 by Flensburger Schiffbau-Gesellschaft, Flensburg, Germany as Marquardt Petersen for German owners. She was sold in 1935 and renamed Sexta. Another sale in 1938 saw her renamed Annelis Christophersen.
She was seized by the Allies in 1945. Annelis Christophersen was passed to the Ministry of War Transport (MoWT) and renamed Empire Concern. In 1946, she was passed to the Norwegian Government and renamed Laksnes. She ran aground on 27 November 1946 and subsequently sank.

## Description

The ship was built in 1927 by Flensburger Schiffbau-Gesellschaft, Flensburg.
The ship was 262 feet 7 inches (80.04 m) long, with a beam of 40 feet 3 inches (12.27 m) and a depth of 15 feet 3 inches (4.65 m). She had a GRT of 1,581 and a NRT of 937. Her DWT was 2,650.
The ship was propelled by a triple expansion steam engine, which had cylinders of 15+2⁄8 inches (39 cm), 25+5⁄8 inches (65 cm) and 48 inches (120 cm) diameter by 29+1⁄2 inches (75 cm) stroke. The engine was built by Flensburger Schiffbau-Gesellschaft.

## History

Marquardt Petersen was built for Morquardt Petersen Reederei GmbH. Her port of registry was Flensburg and the Code Letters LNTH were allocated. Her Code Letters were changed to DDTF in 1934. In 1935, she was sold to Flensburger Dampfschiff Gesellschaft von 1839 and was renamed Sexta. In 1936, Sexta was one of 20 ships chartered to transport timber from Leningrad, Soviet Union to Germany. In 1938, Sexta was sold to H W Christophersen, Flensburg and was renamed Annelis Christophersen.
On 30 September 1942, Annelis Christophersen was attacked by the Soviet submarine Shch-310 when 35 nautical miles (65 km) north west of Stolpmünde, Germany. All four torpedoes missed their target. In May 1945, Annelis Christophersen was seized by the Allies at Flensburg. She was passed to the MoWT and renamed Empire Concern. She was placed under the management of Harries, Brothers & Co Ltd. Her port of registry was London, the code letters GFKQ and United Kingdom Official Number 180639 were allocated. In 1946, Empire Concern was passed to the Norwegian Government and was renamed Laksnes. Her port of registry was Oslo and she was allocated the Code Letters LLTM. On 23 November 1946, F N Nordbø, Haugesund agreed to buy the ship. On 27 November, Laksnes ran aground at Rongevær, Norway. She broke in two and then sank. She was on a voyage from Brevik to Namsos with a cargo of cement. The wreck was raised and scrapped in 1950.
# Watts Bight Formation

The Watts Bight Formation is a geologic formation in Newfoundland and Labrador. It preserves fossils dating back to the Ordovician period.
# Lamara Douicher

Lamara Douicher (born March 10, 1980) is an Algerian former footballer who played for USM Blida in the Algerian Ligue Professionnelle 2.

## Honours

* Won the Algerian Cup with JS Kabylie in 2011
* Won the Algerian league three times with JS Kabylie in 2004, 2006 and 2008
* Won the CAF Cup three times JS Kabylie in 2000,2001 and 2002
# Cristian Herrera

Cristian Ignacio Herrera Pérez (born 13 March 1991) is a Spanish professional footballer who plays as a striker for Deportivo de La Coruña.

## Club career

Born in Las Palmas, Canary Islands, Herrera was a product of hometown club UD Las Palmas' youth system. He made senior debut with the reserves in the 2010–11 season, spending several years with the side in the lower leagues.
On 9 July 2013, Herrera rejected a new deal and joined Elche CF Ilicitano in the Segunda División B. On 24 November he made his first-team – and La Liga – debut, playing the last 12 minutes and scoring the winner in a 2–1 home win over neighbouring Valencia CF. On 18 June of the following year, after appearing in 21 matches and netting three goals during the campaign, he renewed his link until 2019 and was definitely promoted to the main squad.
Herrera terminated his contract with the Valencians on 7 August 2015, and signed a one-year deal with UD Almería nine days later. On 1 February 2016, however, he severed his ties and moved to Girona FC also from Segunda División hours later.
On 14 July 2017, Herrera cut ties with the Catalans and agreed to a two-year contract at CD Lugo the same day. On 13 August 2021, he signed a two-year deal with second-division newcomers UD Ibiza.
On 22 June 2023, Herrera joined UD Las Palmas, newly-promoted to the top tier, on a one-year contract. On 31 August of the following year, he agreed to a one-year deal with Deportivo de La Coruña in the second division.
# Cysteine synthase

In enzymology, a cysteine synthase (EC 2.5.1.47) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
    O$^3$-acetyl-L-serine + hydrogen sulfide $\rightleftharpoons$ L-cysteine + acetate
Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are O$^3$-acetyl-L-serine and hydrogen sulfide, whereas its two products are L-cysteine and acetate.
This enzyme belongs to the family of transferases, specifically those transferring aryl or alkyl groups other than methyl groups. The systematic name of this enzyme class is O3-acetyl-L-serine:hydrogen-sulfide 2-amino-2-carboxyethyltransferase. Other names in common use include O-acetyl-L-serine sulfhydrylase, O-acetyl-L-serine sulfohydrolase, O-acetylserine (thiol)-lyase, O-acetylserine (thiol)-lyase A, O-acetylserine sulfhydrylase, O3-acetyl-L-serine acetate-lyase (adding hydrogen-sulfide), acetylserine sulfhydrylase, cysteine synthetase, S-sulfocysteine synthase, 3-O-acetyl-L-serine:hydrogen-sulfide, and 2-amino-2-carboxyethyltransferase. This enzyme participates in 3 metabolic pathways: cysteine metabolism, selenoamino acid metabolism, and sulfur metabolism. It employs one cofactor, pyridoxal phosphate.

## Structural studies

As of late 2007, 12 structures have been solved for this class of enzymes, with PDB accession codes 1O58, 1VE1, 1Y7L, 1Z7W, 1Z7Y, 2BHS, 2BHT, 2EGU, 2ISQ, 2Q3B, 2Q3C, and 2Q3D.
# Sam Mason (American football)

Samuel Anthony Mason II (July 21, 1899 – March 7, 1971) was an American football player and construction executive.

## Early years

Mason was born in 1899 in Hampton, Virginia. He was born into a family that had been in the construction business since the 1820 and which was led by Silas B. Mason. He attended Episcopal High School in Alexandria, Virginia.

## Football career

Mason attended the Virginia Military Institute (VMI). He played at the end position for VMI from 1917 to 1920 and was chosen for the All South-Atlantic team. He was a member of the undefeated 1920 VMI Keydets football team that compiled a 9–0 record and became known as the "Flying Squadron". One writer at the time noted: "Mason is one of those men who accomplish difficult things with apparent ease. The very ease with which he stopped plays caused him to be overlooked by some of the so-called experts."
According to Pro Football Reference, Mason also played professional football for the Minneapolis Marines in 1922 and for the Milwaukee Badgers in 1925. Another source, "Pro Football Archives", belies the contention that Mason played for the Badgers, instead crediting Orin Mason as the "Mason" who played for the 1925 Badgers.

## Later years

After graduating from VMI, Mason undertook graduate studies at Princeton University. He then worked for the New York architectural and engineering firm of Mason and Hanger. He remained with the company from 1921 to 1943 and was involved in construction projects including the Merrimac powder plant.
Mason became president of the Silas Mason Co. in 1943. The company was a contractor on major construction projects, including the Grand Coulee Dam, the Pennsylvania Turnpike, the Lincoln Tunnel and the Radford Arsenal.
In later years, Mason returned to Virginia where he bred horses. He died in 1971 in Richmond, Virginia. In 1972, he was posthumously inducted into the VMI Hall of Fame as one of its charter members. He was also named as one of two ends on the all-time VMI football team.
# 1895 Northwestern Purple football team

The 1895 Northwestern Purple team represented Northwestern University during the 1895 college football season. In their first year under head coach Jesse Van Doozer, the Purple compiled a 6–5 record.

## Schedule

| Date | Opponent | Site | Result |
| September 21 | vs. Wisconsin | Milwaukee, WI | L 6–12 |
| September 28 | Iowa Agricultural | Evanston, IL | L 0–36 |
| October 3 | Evanston High | Evanston, IL | W 16–0 |
| October 5 | Beloit | Evanston, IL | W 34–6 |
| October 12 | Armour | Evanston, IL | W 44–0 |
| October 19 | at Chicago | Marshall FieldChicago, IL | W 22–6 |
| October 31 | Rush-Lake Forest | Evanston, IL | W 24–0 |
| November 2 | at Purdue | Stuart FieldLafayette, IN | W 24–6 |
| November 9 | vs. Missouri | St. Louis | L 18–22 |
| November 16 | Chicago | Evanston, IL | L 0–6 |
| November 23 | at Illinois | Athletic ParkChampaign, IL (rivalry) | L 4–38 |
# Ross McFarlane (footballer)

Ross McFarlane (born 6 December 1961) is a Scottish former professional footballer who played as a right back.

## Career

Born in Glasgow, McFarlane began his career at Eastercraigs, before making 502 appearances in the Scottish Football League with both Queen's Park and Clyde.
# Wayland Formation

The Wayland Formation is a geologic formation in Texas. It preserves fossils.
# Foued Hadded

Foued Hadded (born 1 November 1990) is an Algerian footballer who plays for DRB Tadjenanet as a midfielder.
# Chandurthi

Chandurthi is a village and mandal headquarters located in the Rajanna Sircilla district of Telangana, India. It is home to several villages, including Ananthapalli, Bandapalle, Chandurthy, Jogapuram, Lingampeta, Mallial, Kattalingampet, Narsingapur, Marrigadda, Moodepalle, Sangula, Ramaraopally, Thimmapuram, Ashireddypally, and Yangal.
18°32′36″N 78°46′38″E﻿ / ﻿18.54333°N 78.77722°E﻿ / 18.54333; 78.77722
# Serious Eats

Serious Eats is a website and blog focused on food enthusiasts, created by food critic and author Ed Levine. A Serious Eats book was published by Levine in 2011. Serious Eats was acquired by Fexy Media in 2015 and then by Dotdash in late 2020.

## Content

The site consists of general food features as well as recipes, home cooking advice, and equipment reviews.
The site is notable for launching the career of J. Kenji Lopez-Alt, whose column "The Food Lab" was adapted into a James Beard award-winning cookbook of the same name. Lopez-Alt's writing was highly regarded among amateur cooks for its rigorous approach to cooking and recreating cultural food icons, such as the ShackBurger and Chick-fil-a, in the home kitchen.

## Critical reception

In 2008, Serious Eats was ranked #17 on Time magazine's list of the 50 Best Websites. Serious Eats was the recipient of two James Beard Foundation awards in 2010 for Best Food Blog and Best Video Webcast.
# Hohe Tauern window

47°00′N 12°30′E﻿ / ﻿47.000°N 12.500°E﻿ / 47.000; 12.500
The Tauern Window is a geological structure in the Austrian Central Eastern Alps. It is a window (in German fenster) in the Austroalpine nappes where high-grade metamorphic rocks of the underlying Penninic nappes crop out. The structure is caused by a large dome-like antiform in the nappe stacks of the Alps.
The relatively hard rocks of the Tauern Window are more resistant to erosion, so the window has a high relief. The mountain chains thus formed are called the Hohe Tauern. Most of Austria's highest mountains are in the Hohe Tauern, among them the Großglockner (3798 m) and Großvenediger (3674 m).
# Moshe Teitelbaum (Ujhel)

Moshe Teitelbaum (Yiddish: משה טייטלבוים; 1759 - July 17, 1841), also known as the Yismach Moshe, was the Rebbe of Ujhely (Sátoraljaújhely) in Hungary. According to Leopold Löw, he signed his name "Tamar", this being the Hebrew equivalent of Teitelbaum, which is the Yiddish for "date palm" (compare German "Dattelbaum"). An adherent of the Polish Hasidic rebbe Yaakov Yitzchak of Lublin. Teitelbaum was instrumental in bringing Hasidic Judaism to Hungary. Though initially opposed to Hassidism, after his son-in-law introduced him to Jacob Isaac Horowitz, he soon became an adherent.
Teitelbaum first served as a rabbi in Przemyśl, and later in Ujhely, where he was called in 1808. In Ujhely he founded a Hassidic congregation which was independent of the Galician leaders. In 1822 Teitelbaum was suspected of having supplied amulets to certain Jewish culprits who had been cast into prison for libel, in order to assist them in escaping. When called upon to vindicate himself he declared that the amulets in question served only as substitutes for the mezuzah and that their only purpose was to protect their bearers against demons. Teitelbaum enjoyed an enviable reputation, with even Moses Sofer paying him homage.

## Works

Teitelbaum authored three main works, "Moses Responded" (Hebrew: השיב משה), a collection of responsa), Tefillah Le-Mosheh (תפלה למשה, a commentary on Psalms), and "Moses Rejoiced" (ישמח משה, 1849; 2d ed. 1898, containing homilies on the Torah), and he is commonly referred to by the title of the latter. He originally wrote a significant portion of his commentary on Psalms on the backs of personal notes handed to him by petitioners seeking his aid and blessing. These notes were transmitted via a succession of prominent hasidic rabbis, until finally being edited and published for the first time in Kraków in 1880.
His descendants became leaders of the communities of Sighet and Satmar known as Satmar Hasidim, and his name 'Moshe' was the inspiration for the Vayoel Moshe series of books authored by his descendant, Yoel Teitelbaum of Satmar. He was said to have identified his three prior gilgulim (incarnations in Kabbalistic terminology), saying that in his first gilgul he had been a sheep in Yaakov Avinu's flock, in his second incarnation he lived in the time of Moses, and in his third incarnation he lived during the time of the destruction of the First Temple. Out of humility, he did not disclose the nature of the third incarnation, but his followers asked another Rebbe, who identified it as the Biblical Prophet Jeremiah. Regarding the first gilgul, he taught his followers the song, he said, that he recalled Jacob would sing as he tended the sheep. The song, Yankel hut eine kleine Lamm, is not related to the modern Mary Had a Little Lamb.
His followers would teach of his previous identification with Jeremiah, and how this affected his present life. In his later days he yearned so much for the coming of the Jewish Messiah and the rebuilding of the Temple, that he wore his Shabbat clothing the entire week, anticipating the Messiah's arrival. He died on July 17, 1841.
# Heremba Bailung

Heremba Bailung is an Indian physicist. He is a professor at and the director of the Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology.

## Education and career

Bailung earned his BSc and MSc from Dibrugarh University, and his PhD from Gauhati University.
Bailung was awarded the Boyscast fellowship by Department of Science and Technology, Government of India to do his post-doctoral at Institute of Space and Astronautical Science in 1998–1999. He was a Visiting Scientist at Institute of Space and Astronautical Science in 2003 and at Yokohama National University in 2008.
Bailung is a specialist in dusty plasma and peregrine soliton. He was associated with Y. Nakamura and Padma Kant Shukla in his work on dusty plasma. He is also involved with research on Bioelectronics and Optoelectronic devices. He has conducted many conferences and seminars in different institutions.
# Chryse (island)

Chryse (/ˈkraɪsi, ˈkraɪzi/; Ancient Greek: Χρύση, romanized: Khrýsē, lit. 'Golden'), also called Lemnian Chryse, was a small island in the Aegean Sea near Lemnos, mentioned by Homer and Sophocles. By the second century, Pausanias and Appian say that it had sunk below the sea. Its location is unknown.
The island's main feature was said to be its temple to Apollo, and its patron deity was the goddess Chryse. The Greek archer Philoctetes stopped there on his way to Troy and was bitten by a viper. Lucullus captured three men there in an ambush during the Third Mithridatic War. The island seems to have disappeared by the second century AD. An ancient oracle (written by Onomacritus) may have predicted this end.
The Description of Greece says:
   The following incident proves the might of Fortune to be greater and more marvellous than is shown by the disasters and prosperity of cities. No long sail from Lemnos was once an island Chryse, where, it is said, Philoctetes met with his accident from the water-snake. But the waves utterly overwhelmed it, and Chryse sank and disappeared in the depths ... So temporary and utterly weak are the fortunes of men.

## Proposed sites

An amateur underwater archaeologist claimed to have rediscovered the island in 1960, identifying it with "a sunken land mass known as Kharos Bank, a 10-sq.-mi. area near the island of Lemnos" (39°55′00″N 25°33′00″E﻿ / ﻿39.91667°N 25.5500°E﻿ / 39.91667; 25.5500), listed on British naval charts and located about 40 feet (12 m) below the surface. White building blocks (presumably from Apollo's temple) were said to be visible on the sea floor. The Kharos Bank is mentioned by others as a possible site, but there does not appear to have been further work on it.
Another theory proposes that the remains of Chryse are on a small islet only 70–80 m off the north coast of Lemnos, locally known as Varvara (39°59′54″N 25°09′13″E﻿ / ﻿39.9984°N 25.1537°E﻿ / 39.9984; 25.1537). Though the islet has a "heavy concentration of ancient foundations and fragments of pottery", and a large mound at its summit surrounded by walls (possibly an altar), it has not been excavated. It was apparently larger in antiquity, and large parts have sunk because of tectonic activity.
# Vijaynagar, Arunachal Pradesh

Vijoynagar (also known as Vijay Nagar and Vijaynagar) is the most remote town and circle headquarters in the Changlang district, Arunachal Pradesh, India.
According to the 2011 census, Vijoynagar has a population of 4,438.

## Location

Vijoynagar is 157 km (98 mi) from the nearest navigable road in India located at Miao by foot. It is bordered to the south and east by Myanmar, and to the north by a thick forest of the Namdapha National Park. Nearby Indian cities are Miao, Hayuliang, and Tezu. Putao is the nearest city in Myanmar.

## History

In a 1961–1962 expedition led by the Assam Rifles, Maj. Gen A.S Gauraya found an unexplored serene landscape of Indian territory between the three-sided border of Burma (Myanmar) and named the region Vijaynagar after Gauraya's son "Vijay". After the settlement process was initiated by the North East Frontier Agency (now known as Arunachal Pradesh), two hundred families of Assam Rifles soldiers (95% of whom are Gurkhas) settled there.
Today, Vijoynagar Headquarters and the Vijoyanagar Sub-Division consist of a cluster of 14 villages on the border with Myanmar: Ramnagar, Chididi, Majgoan, Two-hut, Budhamandir, Phaparbari, Daragoan, Gehrigaon, Topi-Hill, Preeti Nagar, (Assam Rifle settlers) Hazolo, Sidikuh, Twohut and Dawadi (Yobin inhabitants). This border town is also known as Daudi in the local language of the Lisu (Yobin) people who reside there.

## Transportation

Vijoynagar can only be reached on foot, or by air via the Vijoynagar Airport (also called the Vijaynagar Advanced Landing Ground). This is the 8th Advanced Landing Ground (ALG) in Arunachal Pradesh upgraded by the Indian Airforce (IAF) and Indian Army in September 2019 to allow the landing of fighter jets and large transport planes. The upgrade involved building local link roads among villages around Vijaynagar.
A road connection to nearby Miao, costing ₹225 crores, was dedicated in February 2013 but has been delayed by environmental activists concerned about the National Park. The issue was resolved by adding a prefabricated bridge to protect park life and facilitate monitoring by the Forests Department. In September 2019, the Governor of Arunachal Pradesh ordered new construction by first completing the central bridge road, already being built in Kolkata. There are plans to extend this road to Putao Airport in Myanmar under the Look East policy, thus connecting it to both India's and Myanmar's national highway networks.
Vijoynagar would be the eastern terminus of the Arunachal Pradesh Frontier Highway, a proposed 2,000 km (1,200 mi) road following the McMahon Line to Mago and Thingbu in the west. A map of the proposed route can be seen here and here.