OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# America's College Promise

America's College Promise was a proposal by the Barack Obama administration to offer all students two free years of community college tuition. It was based on the Tennessee Promise, a similar program for the state of Tennessee. State level programs, like the Tennessee Promise, have faced critique for their ability to fill tangible educational benefits. The bill was referred to committee in July 2015, where it languished. Later that year, Obama announced the College Promise Advisory Board, an independent coalition of American leaders in community college, political, foundation, and business sectors to advocate for the proposal. A criticism of the plan is its lack of focus on existing student loan debt. Senator Tammy Baldwin and Representative Andy Levin re-introduced the bill in July 2019.
Tennessee was the first to offer free community college. To be eligible for the Tennessee Promise, you must meet the requirements of a Tennessee Promise partnering organization, apply senior year and meet application deadlines, attend all team meetings and college orientation, begin in the Fall, maintain at least twelve hours per semester, attend for consecutive semesters, complete FAFSA, maintain a 2.0 GPA, and complete at least eight hours of community service per semester.
# Andrea Saul

Andrea Saul (born 1982) has worked on a number of political campaigns, and was the campaign press secretary for the 2012 Mitt Romney presidential campaign.

## Early life and education

Saul's father, Julian Saul, is a former president of Shaw Industries, a carpet manufacturer. Saul was raised in Dalton, Georgia, graduated from Girls Preparatory School in Chattanooga in 2000, and graduated from Vanderbilt University in 2004, majoring in communication studies and Spanish.

## Career

After graduation, she worked for NBC in Athens during the 2004 Olympic Games, and then moved to Washington, D.C., where she took a job with DCI Group, a public relations firm.
She joined the 2008 John McCain presidential campaign in February 2007 for a few months until it ran low on funding, then moved to the Republican National Committee, and later rejoined the McCain campaign as its media affairs director by April 2008. She subsequently worked for Senator Orrin Hatch, Florida Governor Charlie Crist, and Carly Fiorina. She first met Mitt Romney during the McCain campaign. In 2015, Saul signed an amicus brief to the United States Supreme Court in favor of legalizing same-sex marriage.
In 2020, she endorsed McCain and Romney's vice presidential opponent Joe Biden for president.
# Vishal Singh (actor, born 1985)

Vishal Singh (born 7 September 1985) is an Indian model and actor who works in Hindi television. He is best known for his roles of Ayaan Nanda in Kuchh Is Tara and Jigar Chirag Modi in Saath Nibhaana Saathiya.

## Life and career

Singh was born in the city of Bathinda in Punjab on 7 September 1985. He also plays Polo and was awarded Maharaj Sawai Man Singh Award in 2001. Singh got his first break through Ekta Kapoor's production company.

## Filmography
### Films

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 2007 | Om Shanti Om | Unnamed | Cameo |
| 2016 | Traffic | Rehan Ali | |

### Television

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 2007–2008 | Kuchh Is Tara | Aayan Nanda | |
| 2008–2009 | Kasamh Se | Rishi Tyagi | |
| 2008 | Kabhi Kabhii Pyaar Kabhi Kabhii Yaar | Contestant | 5th place |
| 2008 | Kis Desh Mein Hai Meraa Dil | Varun | |
| 2010–2016 | Saath Nibhaana Saathiya | Jigar Modi | |
| 2013 | Nach Baliye 6 | Jigar Modi | Guest |
| 2014–2015 | Box Cricket League 1 | Contestant | |
| 2015 | Killerr Karaoke Atka Toh Latkah | Contestant | |
| 2015 | Comedy Nights with Kapil | Mango Crorepati | |
| 2015 | Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa 8 | Himself | Guest |
| 2016 | Box Cricket League 2 | Contestant | |
| 2018 | Kumkum Bhagya | Rahul | |
| 2021 | Bigg Boss 15 | Himself | Guest |
# Uroconger erythraeus

Uroconger erythraeus is an eel in the family Congridae (conger/garden eels). It was described by Peter Henry John Castle in 1982. It is a marine, deep water-dwelling eel which is known from the Red Sea, in the western Indian Ocean. It is known to dwell at a depth range of 820 to 1,550 metres (2,690 to 5,090 ft).
# William Calder (footballer)

William Calder (1868 – 24 May 1936) was a Scottish footballer who played as a forward for Sheffield United, Gainsborough Trinity, Barnsley St. Peter's and Doncaster Rovers.

## Playing career

Born in Edinburgh, Calder was the first new player to sign for Sheffield United after the initial formation of the club. He was signed in December 1889 after responding to the club's advertisements for players which had been published in Scotland. He played seven games for the Blades in the FA Cup and a handful of times in the Midland Counties League and the Northern League before being released in December 1891.
Calder then signed for Gainsborough Trinity in 1892 and also had a spell with Barnsley St. Peter's. He moved to play for Doncaster Rovers in 1893, remaining at the club till some time in the 1896−97 season when they won the Midland League, however he only played 3 times that season and didn't receive a medal.

## Management career

Following his retirement from the game as a player, he settled in the town and in June 1920, as Rovers reformed following the war period, Calder offered them his services as "Honorary Manager", creating a team from the applications that had come in. This was the first time the term manager had been applied to a Rovers official.
Calder died suddenly at his Doncaster home in 1937, aged 67.
# Pasayten Formation

The Pasayten Formation is a geologic formation in British Columbia. It preserves fossils dating back to the Cretaceous period.
# Mammal Neogene zones

The Mammal Neogene zones or MN zones are system of biostratigraphic zones in the stratigraphic record used to correlate mammal-bearing fossil localities of the Neogene period of Europe. It consists of seventeen consecutive zones (numbered MN 1 through MN 18; MN 7 and 8 have been joined into MN 7/8 zone) defined through reference faunas, well-known sites that other localities can be correlated with. MN 1 is the earliest zone, and MN 18 is the most recent. The MN zones are complementary with the MP zones in the Paleogene.
The zones are as follows:
| Interval | Reference Locality | Start | End | ICS stages |
| MN 18 | | 2.0 Ma | 0 Ma | Gelasian to present |
| MN 17 | Saint-Vallier (France) | 2.5 Ma | 2.0 Ma | Gelasian |
| MN 16 | Arondelli / Triversa (Italy) | 3.2 Ma | 2.5 Ma | Gelasian - Piacenzian - Zanclean |
| MN 15 | Perpignan (France) | 4.2 Ma | 3.2 Ma | Zanclean |
| MN 14 | Podlesice (Poland) | 4.9 Ma | 4.2 Ma | Zanclean |
| MN 13 | El Arquilla (Spain) | 7.0 Ma (between 6.8 and 7.2 Ma) | 4.9 Ma | Zanclean - Messinian |
| MN 12 | Los Mansuetos (Spain) | 7.75 Ma (between 8.0 and 7.5 Ma) | 7.0 Ma (between 6.8 and 7.2 Ma) | Messinian - Tortonian |
| MN 11 | Crevillente 2 (Spain) | 8.7 Ma | 7.75 Ma (between 8.0 and 7.5 Ma) | Tortonian |
| MN 10 | Masia del Barbo (Spain) | 9.7 Ma | 8.7 Ma | Tortonian |
| MN 9 | Can Llobateres (Spain) | 11.1 Ma | 9.7 Ma | Tortonian |
| MN 7/8 | La Grive M (France) | 12.75 Ma (between 13.0 and 12.5 Ma) | 11.1 Ma | Tortonian - Serravallian |
| MN 6 | Sansan (France) | 13.7 Ma | 12.75 Ma (between 13.0 and 12.5 Ma) | Serravallian |
| MN 5 | Faluns Pont Levoy- Thenay (France) | 16.0 Ma | 13.7 Ma | Serravallian - Langhian - Burdigalian |
| MN 4 | La Romieu (France) | 16.9 Ma (between 16.6 and 17.2 Ma) | 16.0 Ma | Burdigalian |
| MN 3 | Wintershof-West (Germany) | 20.0 Ma | 16.9 Ma (between 16.6 and 17.2 Ma) | Burdigalian |
| MN 2 | Montaigu (France) Laugnac (France) | 22.4 Ma | 20.0 Ma | Burdigalian - Aquitanian |
| MN 1 | Paulhiac (France) | 23.03 ± 0.05 Ma | 22.4 Ma | Aquitanian |
# Rasnik

Rasnik is a village in southern Bulgaria, in Pernik Municipality, Pernik Province. Аccording to the 2020 Bulgarian census, Rasnik has a population of 399 people with a permanent address registration in the settlement.

## Geography

Rasnik village is in Municipality Pernik, 15 kilometers west of Pernik and 40 kilometers from Sofia, the capital of Bulgaria. The neighboring villages are Meshtitsa and Viskyar.
Rasnik village lies between the plain Bazglav and Viskyar mountain, at an average elevation of 782 meters.

## History

Near the village, the remains of an ancient settlement have been found. The first written data confirming the existence of Rasnik dates back to the 16th century.
There are remains of an ancient Roman road near the village. According to local non-confirmed legends, the village was first established in 1306. It used to be in another area but later moved to its current location.
The name Rasnik stems from the fact that once in the area of the village the verdure was thriving. Rasnik translates into growth from Bulgarian language.

## Ethnicity

According to the Bulgarian population census in 2011.
| | Number | Percentage(in %) |
| Total | 399 | 100.00 |
| Bulgarians | 394 | 99 |
| Turks | 0 | 0 |
| Romani | 0 | 0 |
| Others | 0 | 0 |
| Do not define themselves | 0 | 0 |
| Unanswered | 5 | 1 |
# Tennis at the 2001 Mediterranean Games

The Tennis Tournament at the 2001 Mediterranean Games was held in El Menzah, Tunisia from September 5–8. The Greek player Konstantinos Economidis Italian and Leonardo Azzaro reached the finals.

## Men's Final Eight

| Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Finals | Finals | Finals | Finals | Finals | Finals | |
| ? | Konstantinos Economidis | 6 | 2 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| ? | Walid Jallali | 2 | 6 | 1 | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| ? | Walid Jallali | 2 | 6 | 1 | ? | Konstantinos Economidis | 4 | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | ? | Mehdi Tahiri | 6 | 4 | 3 | | | | | | | |
| ? | Mehdi Tahiri | 6 | 7 | | ? | Mehdi Tahiri | 6 | 4 | 3 | | | | | | | |
| ? | Feliciano López | 1 | 5 | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| ? | Feliciano López | 1 | 5 | | | | | | | ? | Konstantinos Economidis | 6 | 6$^9$ | 6 | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | ? | Leonardo Azzaro | 4 | 7 | 3 | | |
| ? | Leonardo Azzaro | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | | | ? | Leonardo Azzaro | 4 | 7 | 3 |
| ? | Mounir El Aarej | 2 | 3 | | | | | | |
| ? | Mounir El Aarej | 2 | 3 | | ? | Leonardo Azzaro | 6 | 6 | | Third place | Third place | Third place | Third place | Third place |
| | | | | | ? | Marko Tkalec | 2 | 4 | |
| ? | Marko Tkalec | 7 | 6 | | ? | Marko Tkalec | 2 | 4 | | ? | Mehdi Tahiri | 2 | 6 | 6 |
| ? | Nikos Rovas | 6 | 2 | | | | | | | ? | Marko Tkalec | 6 | 3 | 4 |
# Brixton Windrush (ward)

Brixton Windrush is an electoral ward in the London Borough of Lambeth. The ward was first used in the 2022 elections. It returns two councillors to Lambeth London Borough Council.

## List of councillors

| Term | Councillor | Party | Party |
| 2022–present | Scarlett O'Hara | | Labour Co-op |
| 2022–present | Donatus Anyanwu | | Labour Co-op |

## Lambeth council elections
### 2022 election

The election took place on 5 May 2022.
2022 Lambeth London Borough Council election: Brixton Windrush (2) :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Labour Co-op | Scarlett O'Hara | 1,143 | 63.1 | |
| | Labour Co-op | Donatus Anyanwu | 1,114 | 61.5 | |
| | Green | Becca Thackray | 572 | 31.6 | |
| | Green | Tom Wood | 384 | 21.2 | |
| | Liberal Democrats | Alex Haylett | 112 | 6.2 | |
| | Liberal Democrats | Florence Cyrot | 101 | 5.6 | |
| | Conservative | Sarah Roberts | 100 | 5.5 | |
| | Conservative | Kelly Ben-Maimon | 94 | 5.2 | |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 1,858 | 27.0 | |
| | Labour Co-op win (new seat) | Labour Co-op win (new seat) | Labour Co-op win (new seat) | Labour Co-op win (new seat) | Labour Co-op win (new seat) |
| | Labour Co-op win (new seat) | Labour Co-op win (new seat) | Labour Co-op win (new seat) | Labour Co-op win (new seat) | Labour Co-op win (new seat) |
# Montas Antoine

Montas Antoine (13 December 1926–1988) was a Haitian painter. He was born in Léogâne in 1926, and he painted colorful street scenes and rural scenes in his life. He died in 1988.
# Wieland Kuijken

Wieland Kuijken (Dutch:; born 31 August 1938 in Dilbeek) is a Belgian musician and player of the viola da gamba and baroque cello.

## Biography

Kuijken started his career in music in 1952 with the Brussels Alariusensemble of which he formed part until 1972. In addition, he played with the Ensemble Musique Nouvelle which propagated avant-garde music throughout Europe.
In 1972 the ensemble La Petite Bande was established and later the Kuijken Strijkkwartet (Kuijken String Quartet). Kuijken has recorded numerous works of chamber music with Gustav Leonhardt, Frans Brüggen and Alfred Deller. Today he is one of the most sought-after Early Music performers of his generation on the baroque cello and viola da gamba.
Wieland Kuijken is gamba teacher at the conservatories of Brussels and The Hague and regular jury member of international competitions.
Kuijken has two brothers, Sigiswald and Barthold, who are also eminent musicians and are known for playing baroque music on authentic instruments. Sigiswald is a violinist and Barthold a flautist and recorder player. His third brother is Professor Eckhart Kuijken, former director of the Flemish Institute for Nature Conservation and a professor at Groningen University. He also has a fourth brother, Oswald Kuijken, who is a famous visual artist.
# Jean Robert

Jean Robert (June 25, 1908, Brussels - February 28, 1981, Hilversum) was a Belgian jazz saxophonist.
Robert started out on piano before switching to tenor saxophone, and played early in his career with Peter Packay, Gus Deloof, Chas Remue, and Albert Sykes. By 1933 he was leading his own band at a Brussels club called the Atlanta, and also worked with Freddie Beerman and Robert De Kers around the same time. Later in the decade he played in the Netherlands with Freddy Johnson and Jascha Trabsky, and during World War II worked in Jean Omer's band and with Lutz Templin. After the war, he played with Omer into the 1960s. He spent the latter years of his life in Hilversum, in the Netherlands, having retired from active performance; however, he continued to do arrangement and composition work.
# Pioneer CLD-1010

The Pioneer CLD-1010 is a LaserDisc player introduced by Pioneer Electronics in 1987 as the last of their top-spec players not to be part of their "Elite" lineup.

## History

The player was introduced in 1987 to take over the spot previously filled by the LD-S1, Pioneer's most expensive LaserDisc player (however, the later LD-S2 would be the S1's official replacement). The unit's internals were largely carryover parts from the S1, including advanced circuitry to reduce picture noise and the ability to down-convert digital soundtracks to analog for output to analog sound systems and television sets; like the S1, it lacked a dedicated output for digital sound, although one can be added.
The CLD-1010 was also the first LaserDisc player capable of playing the then-new CD Video format of discs.
Although its high price and the general worldwide disinterest in LaserDisc kept the player from becoming a major success, it is today often lauded by those who continue to enjoy the now defunct LD format. Its advanced noise-reduction circuitry helped provide a very appealing picture, while their very low pricing (usually around $50 USD) make them easily affordable. However, the age of the players means that they are often in need of service or repairs, something that has become difficult both because of the dearth of repair shops capable of working on them and because Pioneer has largely abandoned manufacturing replacement parts for them. Nonetheless, a fully reconditioned player can be had for around $200, a relative bargain considering the prices often commanded by other high quality units.
The S1 was replaced by the LD-S2, one of the first pieces of equipment in the then-new "Elite" lineup.

## Upgradeability

Despite its capabilities, the S1 lacks two features often demanded by LD enthusiasts: a dedicated output for digital audio and an AC-3 output capable of sending out the modulated AC-3/Dolby Digital audio found on most LD releases from the mid and late 1990s. Fortunately, both are fairly easy to add to the player and often technicians that are qualified to recondition the players are also capable of adding the outputs.

## Subsequent models

Later models under the same line include the CLD 2070, 2090, 3090 & 3390. The video of the CLD 2090 was impressive, and rivals the Elite models which were released shortly in the early 90s. Pioneer started the Elite line to separate the mid range players from the higher end players. The CLD 2090 comes with S-video out and optical audio out. In comparison, the video quality even surpasses the late 90s model DVL 909 (LD and DVD player).
# Admiral (India)

Admiral is a four-star naval flag officer rank in the Indian Navy. It is the highest active rank in the Indian Navy. Admiral ranks above the three-star rank of vice admiral and below the five-star rank of admiral of the fleet, which has never been awarded or held.
An admiral may be referred to as a full admiral or four-star admiral to distinguish them from lower flag officer ranks like vice admiral and rear admiral. The equivalent rank in the Indian Army is general and in the Indian Air Force is air chief marshal.

## History

The rank is held by the Chief of the Naval Staff (CNS), the professional head of the Indian Navy, since 1968. The rank may also be held by the Chief of Defence Staff (CDS) if the holder is a serving Indian Navy flag officer. Admiral Adhar Kumar Chatterji was the first Indian officer to hold the rank of full admiral. The current Chief of the Naval Staff (CNS) and only full admiral in the Indian Armed Forces is Admiral Dinesh K Tripathi.

## Insignia

The flag of an admiral has a gold-blue octagon bearing naval crest in the middle, and four blue stars placed vertically at hoist side. This new design was introduced in September 2022. Earlier, the flag of an admiral had a horizontal red stripe and a vertical red stripe intersecting at the centre. On top of the intersection is superimposed a navy-blue Ashoka Chakra.
The badges of rank have a crossed sword and baton over four eight-pointed stars and the Ashoka emblem above, on a golden shoulder board. An admiral wears gorget patches which are golden patches with four white stars and additional oak leaves under them. In addition to this, the double-breasted reefer jacket has four golden sleeve stripes consisting of a broad band with three narrower bands.

## Appointment and term length

Appointments to the office of CNS are made by the Appointments Committee of the Cabinet (ACC), which is chaired by the Prime Minister of India.
The term length of the Chief of Naval Staff is three years or until the age of 62 of the holder, whichever is earlier.

## Order of precedence

An admiral ranks at No. 12 on the Indian order of precedence, along with the CDS and the Chiefs of Staff of the Indian Army and Indian Air Force (the COAS and the CAS). An admiral is at pay level 18, equivalent to Cabinet Secretary of India (at No. 11 on the warrant of precedence), with a monthly pay of ₹250,000 (US$3,500).
# Home state advantage

Home state advantage, in electoral politics, and particularly in United States presidential elections, is the presumption that a candidate will receive a higher proportion of votes in their home state as compared to other states with similar population profiles.
The definition of a "home state" for purposes of such an advantage can be complicated by the fact that candidates may be born and raised in one state yet achieve political success in a different state before seeking national elected office. In some cases, a candidate may have gained recognition in multiple states before running for national office, such as 2016 Democratic nominee for president Hillary Clinton, who was born in Illinois, yet served as First Lady of Arkansas while her husband Bill Clinton was that state's governor from 1979 to 1981 and 1983 to 1992, and then served as the United States Senator for New York from 2001 to 2009.
While many successful candidates have won the presidency without winning their birth state, only four (James K. Polk, Woodrow Wilson, Richard Nixon, and Donald Trump) have won election despite losing their state of residence at the time of the election. Polk and Trump are the only candidates to win the presidency while losing both the state of their birth and the state of their residence (Polk was born in North Carolina and resided in Tennessee, states he both lost; Trump was born and resided in New York in 2016 yet lost the state). Similarly, many losing presidential candidates have still managed to win their home state, even in elections that were otherwise landslide losses for them. For example, Walter Mondale won his home state of Minnesota in 1984, and no other state. By contrast, in 2000, Al Gore failed to win the popular vote in his home state, Tennessee, which both he and his father had represented in the Senate, making him the first major-party presidential candidate to have lost his home state since George McGovern lost South Dakota in 1972.
The perception that a home state advantage can deliver votes in an important state (particularly swing states) has also frequently influenced presidential nominees in the selection of a running mate.
# Pierre-Jean Fabre

Pierre-Jean Fabre (1588 – 9 January 1658) was a French doctor and alchemist. Born in Castelnaudary, France in 1588, he studied medicine in Montpellier, France. He became a practitioner of the iatrochemical medicine of Paracelsus. Beginning in 1610 he practiced medicine in Castelnaudary. He became famous as a specialist in the plague which was particularly severe in central Europe during the Thirty Years' War. Fabre prescribed chemical medications for the treatment of the plague and was at one time the private physician of King Louis XIII of France.
Fabre was a practising alchemist, and claimed to have succeeded in the alchemical transmutation of lead into silver on 22 July 1627. He was strongly attracted to mystical aspects of chemistry, drawing parallels between the chemical operations of alchemy and the sacraments of the Christian church, particularly in his Alchymista Christianus (1632).
Fabre died in Castelnaudary on 9 January 1658.

## Alchymista Christianus

"He saw valid correspondences between the sacraments and chemical operations: calcination symbolised penitence; fire and water corresponded to baptism; and the Philosopher's Stone could be compared to nothing less than the Eucharist. Assuming this, Fabre thought that true alchemists were like priests; the spirit of mercury was like the angels; the earth was like the Virgin Mary; and the life-giving properties of salt gave it a valid connection to Christ. These correspondences could be visualised because they were sculpted on the great churches of France, whose artist-architects had presented their esoteric knowledge to the viewer." -