OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Earnshill House

Earnshill House in Hambridge, near Curry Rivel, Somerset, England is a grand Georgian manor house, set in parkland. It has been designated as a Grade I listed building.

## History

The manor of Earnshill was owned by Muchelney Abbey until the dissolution of the monasteries and then became the property of the Jennings family. Francis Eyles Esq a director of the South Sea Company bought the Estate in 1728. He then embarked on building his country villa, the current center portion of the house. After his death in 1750 the Estate and villa fell to his brother Edward Eyles. Henry Combe was an influential Bristol merchant and a member of the Society of Merchant Venturers and later mayor of the city. His son Richard Combe (MP). an MP with political ambitions bought the Earnshill estate in 1758. Shortly after the purchase of Earnshill he built the substantial east and west wings of the house, walled garden and Earnshill Farm with its Grade 2 listed barn.
During World War II the house was used for children evacuated from Durlston Court School that was in Dorset at the time but now in Hampshire.
The Estate has been passed on through the Combe family for seven generations and is now owned by Nicholas Combe.

## Architecture

The entrance is of five bays with projecting wings on either side. The house is built of brick with Hamstone dressings in a Palladian style.
The outside of the house includes a walled garden as part of a wider area of parkland, with substantial gatepiers at the entrance to the drive. There was also an attached farm with a brick barn. In the surrounding woodland was a four-pipe duck decoy with nine shooting positions.

## Tennis and croquet at Earnshill

Major Walter Clopton Wingfield, a first cousin of the Combe's spent much of his time at Earnshill. Walter Wingfield is the man who invented lawn tennis, receiving the patent in 1874 from Queen Victoria. The oval croquet lawn where Walter Wingfield developed and tested his invention is center stage at the entrance of the house. It is here where Olive Combe perfected the game of croquet becoming the three times ladies singles North England Champion and who in 1898 won the Woman Singles Croquet Championship at the All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club (AELTC) at Wimbledon.
When Walter died in 1912 he left his estate to his first cousin Constance Combe along with the lawn tennis patent signed by Queen Victoria, and all of his possessions. Constance lived her whole life at Earnshill and never married. His uniform and patent can be seen at the International Tennis Hall of Fame in Rhode Island. Walter is also on display at The All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club museum. The Centre Court restaurant at Wimbledon is named after him in his honour. His magnificent portrait hangs above the ornate fireplace at Earnshill along with Olive Combe’s Wimbledon trophy, from when she won the Singles Croquet Championship.
# Kamal Chunchie

Kamal Chunchie (1886–1953) was a Methodist Christian minister.
Kamal Chunchie was born in Ceylon (now Sri Lanka) and by 1920 was living in the East End of London. Young Kamal was a prominent cricketer at Kingswood College, Kandy, and after moving to England, he continued to play the sport. He was appalled by the way black and Asian people were treated, and he wanted to improve the social aspects of their lives. He worked in race relations in Canning Town where he founded The Coloured Men's Institute.
# Dômes de Miage

The Dômes de Miage are a line of mountain peaks in the south of the Mont Blanc massif that reach a height of 3,673 metres. The snow-covered arête from which they rise is over three kilometres long. The six peaks in the chain are (from southwest to northeast) : L'Aiguille de la Bérangère (3,425 m), and unnamed tops known only from their heights as Dôme 3670, Dôme 3666, Dôme 3633, Dôme 3673 and Dôme 3672.
The ridge of the dômes de Miage is considered one of the most striking in the Mont Blanc massif.
The normal route starts at the Refuge des Conscrits, crosses the Tré-la-Tête glacier, climbs to Col des Dômes (between tops 3633 and 3673) and follows the arête as far as La Bérangère (PD). A crossing from end to end runs from the Refuge des Conscrits to refuge Durier and is a little more difficult (AD). It is usually combined with the long traverse over the Aiguille de Bionnassay to Mont Blanc.
* Dômes de Miage at sunset.
* The Dômes with Chalets de Miage in the foreground.
* The Dômes in winter seen from the Les Contamines-Montjoie.
* Summer view of the valley of Les Contamines; left: the snow-capped Dômes, facing Mont-Joly.
* The approach route to the Chalets de Miage, with the Dômes behind.
# Last batch of Imperial Japanese Army Divisions
## Coastal defense divisions
### 303rd division
### 320th division

The 320th division has completed organization 25 July 1945 in Daegu, performing a police duties from Daegu to Seoul. After the start of the Soviet invasion of Manchuria 9 August 1945, the 320th division was ordered to move north to Wonsan, but did not complete the move due to the surrender of Japan 15 August 1945.

#### Notes

* This section incorporates material from Japanese Wikipedia page 第320師団 (日本軍), accessed 22 July 2016
# José Navarro (footballer, born 2003)

José Navarro Hernández (born 20 February 2003) is a Mexican professional footballer who plays as a forward for Canadian Premier League club Vancouver FC.

## Early life

He began playing youth football at Pumitas, a subsidiary school of UNAM, later being promoted to the official UNAM youth system at U14 level in 2018.

## Club career

On 3 July 2022, he made his senior debut for UNAM, coming on as a substitute in the 90th minute against Club Tijuana, also picking up a yellow card in stoppage time. In February 2024, he announced his departure from the club, citing limited opportunities for youth players to rise up the ranks.
In February 2024, he signed a two-year contract with Canadian Premier League club Vancouver FC. He made his debut on 14 April against Valour FC.

## Career statistics

    As of 7 September 2024
| Club | Season | League | League | League | Cup | Cup | Continental | Continental | Other | Other | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| UNAM | 2022–23 | Liga MX | 1 | 0 | – | – | – | – | – | – | 1 | 0 |
| Vancouver FC | 2024 | Canadian Premier League | 7 | 0 | 1 | 0 | – | – | – | – | 8 | 0 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 8 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 9 | 0 |
# Garhi Yasin Tehsil

Garhi Yasin is an administrative subdivision (Tehsil) of Shikarpur District, Sindh Pakistan. Madeji and Dakhan are two big town beside Garhi Yasin itself in taluka.
* This Sindh location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# Poplar Square Chase

The Poplar Square Chase is a Grade 3 National Hunt steeplechase in Ireland. It is run at Naas Racecourse in late October or early November over a distance of about 2 miles (3,218 metres).
The race was first run in 1997 and was awarded Grade 3 status in 2003. It was run as a Grade 2 race as a one-off in 2020.

## Records

Leading jockey (3 wins):
* Davy Russell– Thyne Again (2008), Noble Prince (2011), Moscow Mannon (2014)
Leading trainer (4 wins):
* Willie Mullins - Twinlight (2013), Devils Bride (2015), Cilaos Emery (2019), Dinoblue (2023)
* Henry de Bromhead - Moscow Mannon (2014), Notebook (2020), Captain Guinness (2021), Quilixios (2024)
# Fir of Hotovë-Dangëlli National Park

Fir of Hotovë-Dangëlli National Park (Albanian: Parku Kombëtar "Bredhi i Hotovës-Dangëlli") is the largest national park in Albania located in Gjirokastër County with a surface area of 34,361 ha (343.61 km$^2$). The park takes its name from the Hotova Fir, which is considered one of the most important Mediterranean plant relics of the country. The park is made up of hilly and mountainous terrain with limestone and sandstone deposits as well as numerous valleys, canyons, gorges, rivers and dense deciduous and coniferous forests. The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) has listed the park as Category II. The park also includes 11 natural monuments.
The park rises over a very remote mountainous region of Nemërçka and Tomorr between the Vjosa Valley in the west, Leskovik in the south, Erseka in the southeast and the Osum Valley in the northeast. Close to Petran is the narrow and deep Lengarica Canyon with numerous caves and thermal springs such as Banjat e Bënjës. Within the boundaries of the park there are numerous villages including Frashër, which is well known located in the heart of the park. In terms of hydrology, Vjosa is the main river forming the western bound of the park, flowing through Përmet until discharging into the Adriatic Sea.
The park experiences mediterranean climate with moderate rainy winters and dry, warm to hot summers. During winter, visitors can appreciate the snow blanket covering the firs, and in the summer the abundance of fresh air away as an escape from the Albanian summer heat. Its mean monthly temperature ranges between 3 °C (37 °F) in January and 30 °C (86 °F) in August with annual precipitation ranging between 500 millimetres (20 inches) and 1,800 millimetres (71 inches) depending on geographic region and prevailing climate type.
Due to its favorable ecological conditions and the mosaic distribution of various types of habitats, it is characterized by exceptionally rich and varied fauna. The forests are the most important habitats for mammals like wild cat, roe deer, wild boar, red squirrel, eurasian otter and badger. Brown bear, gray wolf and red fox can also be seen on the pastures deep inside the forest. The old growing trees throughout the park preserves a wide variety of bird species. Most notable amongst them are the golden eagle, eagle owl, barn owl, sparrowhawk, egyptian vulture, kestrel, lanner falcon and so on.

## Attractions

* Frashëri Brothers Tower House and Museum in Frashër, reconstructed in the 1970s by the Albanian government. The museum features documents, photographs, and sculptures on the Frashëri Brothers family history and their contribution to the Albanian Renaissance.
* Langarica Canyon perfect for rafting
* Katiu Ottoman Bridge and Benja Thermal Waters
As elsewhere in Albania, this national park is being threatened by the construction of hydroelectric dams along the Langarica Canyon. Environmentalists are challenging such activity by holding protests in Tirana as works are underway in the affected area which could damage ecosystems and the livelihood of those catering to the tourism industry.
# Summertime (2016 film)

Summertime (Italian: L'estate addosso) is a 2016 Italian comedy film written and directed by Gabriele Muccino.

## Cast

* Brando Pacitto as Marco
* Matilda Lutz as Maria
* Taylor Frey as Matt
* Joey Haro as Paul
* Jessica Rothe as Jules
* Scott Bakula as Paul's father
* Guglielmo Poggi as Vulcano
* Jacopo Carta as Lorenzo
* Ruggero Francica Nava as Francesco
* Nicoletta Cifariello as Giulietta
* Alberto Molinari as Marco's father
* Filippo Tirabassi as Stefano
* Ludovico Tersigni as Federico
* Daniela Zanchini as the insurer
* Laura Cayouette as Paul's mother
* Timothy Martin (artist) as Ken, Paul's boss
* Dharma Mangia Woods as Marco's girlfriend
* Tatiana Luter as Amy
# Chasmops

Chasmops is a trilobite in the order Phacopida that existed during the upper Ordovician in what is now Estonia. It was described by McCoy in 1849, and the type species is Chasmops odini, which was originally described under the genus Calymene by Eichwald in 1840. It also contains the species C. maxima.
# Peter Johnstone (footballer)

Peter Johnstone (30 December 1887 – 16 May 1917) was a Scottish footballer who played for Celtic.
On leaving school, he worked in his hometown's coalmine, whilst also playing for Junior club Glencraig Celtic. Johnstone signed for Celtic in January 1909, but made only one appearance in his first season at Parkhead. However, he soon became a regular in the side and eventually made over 240 appearances, scoring 29 goals.
During his career he played in a variety of roles at forward, midfield and defence. His main position was at outside-right, but in later years played more often in defence. He won three Scottish Cup medals as well as four League championships with Celtic and was a mainstay in their side for several years. Johnstone was never capped for Scotland but he did play for the Scottish League side in 1914 against the Irish League, as well as representing Glasgow on two occasions.
Johnstone enlisted with the army in 1916 to assist the war effort, despite being both a newsagent and a coal-miner – both reserved occupations. He first joined the Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders but later was transferred to the 6th (Territorial Force) Battalion of the Seaforth Highlanders. Johnstone continued to occasionally play for Celtic during his army training, and in September 1916 travelled overnight from England to help his teammates defeat Rangers in a Glasgow Cup tie.
Johnstone died in May 1917 when the 6th Battalion of the Seaforth Highlanders attempted to capture a chemicals factory near Rouex in north-west France during the Battle of Arras. A dedication to his memory is inscribed on the Arras Memorial in the Fauborg d'Amiens Cemetery.
On 23 May 2015, a memorial to Peter Johnstone was unveiled in his home village of Glencraig, Fife by Lisbon Lion John Clark and Fife Council Provost (and former Dunfermline Athletic manager), Jim Leishman. The memorial was designed and funded by the Peter Johnstone Memorial Group.
# Distortion (disambiguation)

Distortion denotes the alteration of the original shape of an object, image, sound, or waveform.
Distortion may also refer to:

## Science and technology

* Distortion (optics), including "barrel distortion" and "pincushion distortion"
** Perspective distortion
* Cognitive distortion, thoughts that are exaggerated and irrational
* Parataxic distortion, inclination to skew perceptions of others based on fantasy
* Distortions (economics), a concept in economics
* Distortion function, used to define distortion risk measures
* In mathematics, distortion has several meanings, including:
** Distortion (mathematics), a measure of how much a function distorts angles
** Stretch factor, also called distortion, a measure of how much a function distorts distances between points
** Subgroup distortion, a related idea in geometric group theory

## Media
### Film

* Distortion (film), a 2023 Filipino non-narrative animated film

### Music

* Distortion (music), an electro-acoustic effect in music
* Copenhagen Distortion, also called 'Distortion festival', a party/club culture festival in Copenhagen, Denmark
* Social Distortion, an American punk rock band

#### Albums

* Distortion (Forbidden album), 1995
* Distortion (Game Theory EP), 1984
* Distortion (The Magnetic Fields album), 2008
* Distortion (the Proletariat EP), 1982
* Distortion (Joseph Simmons album), 2005
* Distortions (album), a 1967 album by the Litter

#### Songs

* "Distortion" (Jessica Sutta song), 2016
* "Distortion" (Babymetal song), 2018

## Other

* "Distortion", an episode of the anime TV series Serial Experiments Lain
# Federico Wanga

Federico Vanga (or Wanga) (German: Friedrich von Wangen) (died 1218) was Prince-Bishop of Trento from August 9, 1207, until his death.
He was born in the noble family of the Lords of Wangen, a hamlet on the Ritten near Bolzano. As bishop he founded several hospitals and had a defensive tower (Torre Vanga) built on the Adige in Trento. He also began the works for the city's cathedral. He also issued a code of laws (Codex Wangianus).
He died while taking part in the Fifth Crusade.
| Preceded byConrad II di Biseno Until 1205 | Bishop of Trento 1207–1218 | Succeeded byAlbert IV von Ravenstein |
* This article about a 13th-century Italian Catholic bishop or archbishop is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# Kain kelubung

Kain kelubung, a cloth or scarf used to cover a woman's head and part of her face. Veil cloth is also said to be a second cover cloth for women which is used to cover half of the head and half of the body. If the woman enters the house or meets a muhrim, or is in a ceremony, this cloth is tied around the waist as an outside trade cloth.

## History

In the past, the veil became one of the mandatory clothes for women when leaving the house. However, if visiting the palace, the veil must be removed, folded and pinned. Most people are not allowed to wear more than one veil when attending royal ceremonies.

## How it's made

The veil cloth used in the past is made of batik cloth, rainbow cloth and telepuk cloth. Some also wear silk cloth sprinkled with gold thread from Palembang. Kain batik becomes a veil for daily wear while others are used for formal occasion.

## Protection

For Muslim women, the veil becomes a head cover that will not be removed unless necessary. Veils are considered to be able to protect themselves from male harassment.
In addition to being used as a cloth covering the private parts, the veil cloth is also used as a container to carry things while traveling and used as a telekung [ms] for praying.
# Dylan Seys

Dylan Seys (born 26 September 1996) is a Belgian professional footballer who plays as a winger.

## Career
### Royal Excel Mouscron

On 27 January 2020 Seys joined Belgian Belgian First Division A club, Royal Excel Mouscron, on a deal until June 2021 with an option for one further year.

### Helmond Sport

On 26 July 2021, he signed a one-year contract with Helmond Sport.

### A.E. Kifisia

On 14 July 2022, Seys signed with A.E. Kifisia in Greece.
# Cyanoacetic acid

Cyanoacetic acid is an organic compound. It is a white, hygroscopic solid. The compound contains two functional groups, a nitrile (−C≡N) and a carboxylic acid. It is a precursor to cyanoacrylates, components of adhesives.

## Preparation and reactions

Cyanoacetic acid is prepared by treatment of chloroacetate salts with sodium cyanide followed by acidification. Electrosynthesis by cathodic reduction of carbon dioxide and anodic oxidation of acetonitrile also affords cyanoacetic acid.
Cyanoacetic acid is used to do cyanoacetylation, first convenient method described by J. Slätt.
It is about 1000x more acidic than acetic acid, with a pK$_a$ of 2.5. Ka=2.8x10^-3
Upon heating at 160 °C, it undergoes decarboxylation to give acetonitrile:
    HO$_2$CCH$_2$CN → CO$_2$ + CH$_3$CN

## Applications

In its largest scale application, cyanoacetic acid is first esterified to give ethyl cyanoacetate. Condensation of that ester with formaldehyde gives ethyl cyanoacrylate, which used as superglue. As of 2007, more than 10,000 tons of cyanoacetic acid were produced annually.
Cyanoacetic acid is a versatile intermediate in the preparation of other chemicals. it is a precursor to synthetic caffeine via the intermediacy of theophylline. It is a building block for many drugs, including dextromethorphan, amiloride, sulfadimethoxine, and allopurinol.

## Safety

The LD50 (oral, rats) is 1.5 g/kg.
# Cheiloceras

Cheiloceras is a subglobular to thickly lenticular goniatite with a closed umbilicus from the Upper Devonian and type genus for the Cheiloceratidae.
Cheiloceras is sometimes split into at least three subgenera. Cheiloceras (Cheiloceras) has evolute juvenile stages, the umbilicus closing later, while C. (Compactoceras) is subglobular with involute whorls in the early stage, later becoming compressed in form, and C. (Puncticeras) is involute in all stages. Eucheiloceras is another name for C. (Cheiloceras).
Related genera in the Cheiloceratidae include Staffites and Dyscheiloceras.
# George Langlands

George Milne Langlands (1886–1951) was a Scottish footballer who played as an inside left for Dundee and Forfar Athletic. He was a member of the Dundee team that won the Scottish Cup in 1910 (in the first of three matches in the final, he scored the last-minute equaliser which forced a replay), having been runners-up in the Scottish Football League the previous season. In a career interrupted by World War I, he returned to hometown club Forfar Athletic (where he had also started out) after the conflict and was an important member of the team during the years when they moved up from the Scottish Football Alliance to become an SFL club.
# Matías Cousiño

Matías Cousiño Jorquera (1810–1863) was a Chilean coal magnate and patriarch of the wealthy Cousiño family. Cousiño's most emblematic coal mine was found in Lota a small coastal town on the coast of the Bío-Bío Region, where steam ships that crossed the Strait of Magellan could be resupplied with coal.

## Early and personal life

Matías Cousiño was born in Santiago, Chile as the son of José Agustín Cousiño Zapata and Josefa de Jorquera y Alfaro, a family of Galician and Spanish descent. During the War for Independence, his family lost their wealth, and Matías was forced to work at an early age. He worked in the post office of Valparaíso, where his father was the boss. He went on to succeed his father in 1828. During this time, he married Loreto Squella y Lopetegui, who died giving birth to his first son, Luis Cousiño Squella. Matías Cousiño studied in Santiago without excelling in his academics, but doing so in business.
In 1841, he married Luz Gallo Zavala, who had 2 children. Thanks to his economic power, he was elected to the Chamber of Deputies, representing the Petorca (1849–1852) and Quillota (1852–1855). He was elected senator between 1855 and 1864 but died on March 21, 1863, in Santiago.

## Birth of the entrepreneur

He quit his work at the post office to begin exporting animals to Argentina, and the success of this business led him to search for new ventures, one being the new silver mines in Copiapó. At the end of the 1840s, he expanded into the milling industry in Concepción. He organized a milling association that exported flour and wheat to the Pacific coast.
His mining career began as a butler in the mines of Ramón Ignacio de Goyenechea, an investor in the silver mine of Descubridora de Chañarcillo in the Atacama Desert. He continued ascending in position until his marriage in 1841, widow of Ignacio de Goyenechea, allowed him to combine the two fortunes. His fortune continued to grow when in 1844, along with Rafael Torreblanca, he invented a new machine to extract metals. He obtained an exclusive permit for its use from Manuel Bulnes' government for ten years.
In 1850, Matías became director of The Copiapó Mining Group, the most powerful association in Chile.