OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Toshio Mori

Toshio Mori (March 3, 1910 – April 12, 1980) was an American author, best known for being one of the earliest (and perhaps the first) Japanese–American writers to publish a book of fiction.

## Biography

Mori was born in Oakland, California to Japanese immigrants Hidekichi Mori (1871-1951) and Yoshi Takaki (1869-1946).
He grew up in San Leandro. In spite of working long hours at his family's garden nursery, Mori endeavored to become a writer and managed to publish his first story "The Brothers" in The Coast magazine when he was 28 years old. He had a tentative publication date set for his collection of stories Yokohama, California when World War II broke out, which brought the publication process to a halt.
During World War II, following the signing of Executive Order 9066, he and his family were interned at Topaz War Relocation Center in Utah, where Mori edited the journal Trek for a year. In 1943, Mori met and married Berkeley, California native Hisayo Yoshiwara (1915-2003). They had a son, Steven Mori.
After the war, Mori returned to the Bay Area where he continued to write. He is the author of Yokohama, California (1949), The Chauvinist and Other Stories (1979), and The Woman from Hiroshima (1980). Mori worked most of his adult life in a small family nursery. He was posthumously named an American Book Award winner for Yokohama, California in 1986.
Toshio Mori died on April 12, 1980, in San Leandro, California. He was cremated and buried at Chapel of the Chimes Columbarium and Mausoleum in Oakland, California.

## Writing style

Though Mori was a short story fiction writer, his stories often echoed and reflected the life of Japanese Americans in pre and postwar America. Imbued with wonderment at the everyday routine of the people around him, Mori's stories told of seemingly menial situations that emphasized the emotional connections and culture that all Americans share, regardless of their racial background. This tone was one of the main reasons why Mori's work was so successful; it was accessible to more than just the Japanese American community. Even Mori's work while in the internment camp was from the 'optimistic perspective', a style of writing in the internment camps which encouraged Japanese Americans not to be pessimistic and have faith in the American democratic system.
Though the majority of Mori's work was considered lighthearted and even comical, some of his works did emphasize the taut emotional strain that a Japanese American felt, before, after and during the war. Most of his works prewar described the slightly comical problems that a Japanese American dealt with on a daily basis, trying to balance their Japanese culture with the American one. During his internment, Mori's tone occasionally became dark, especially in a short story dedicated to his brother (who was badly injured in the 442nd Regimental Combat Team) which describes a fight between brothers over patriotic duty to their country.
# Brisson River (Rimouski River tributary)

The Brisson River (French: Rivière Brisson) is a tributary of Rimouski River, flowing in the municipality of La Trinité-des-Monts, in the Rimouski-Neigette Regional County Municipality, in the region administrative Bas-Saint-Laurent, in the province of Quebec, in Canada.
Taken from its source on the northern slope of Mont Longue-Vue, the Brisson River descends from the mountains in a small deep valley to a plain where it flows on the east bank of the Rimouski River. The latter winds its way west, then heads north, to the south bank of the St. Lawrence River where it pours into the heart of the city of Rimouski.

## Geography

The Brisson river takes its source from a mountain flow in the North-East part of the municipality of La Trinité-des-Monts, on the northern slope of "Mont Longue-vue" in the Zec du Bas-Saint-Laurent. This source is located at:
* 29.4 km (18.3 mi) to the southeast of the southeast coast of the St. Lawrence River;
* 0.5 km (0.31 mi) Southwest of the limit of the unorganized territory of Lac-Huron;
* 11.3 km (7.0 mi) South-East of the village center of Saint-Narcisse-de-Rimouski;
* 4.7 km (2.9 mi) South-East of the limit of the municipality of Saint-Narcisse-de-Rimouski.
From the mouth of its source, the Brisson river flows over 8.4 km (5.2 mi), divided into the following segments:
* 4.9 km (3.0 mi) towards the South-West, in the municipality of La Trinité-des-Monts, until the confluence of Coulée Laurent (coming from the North-West);
* 3.0 km (1.9 mi) towards the South-West, until the confluence of the "Grand Matinal stream" (coming from the South-East);
* 0.5 km (0.31 mi) towards the North-West, leaving zec du Bas-Saint-Laurent, until the confluence of the river.
The Brisson river flows on the east bank of the Rimouski River, in La Trinité-des-Monts. This confluence is located at:
* 5.5 km (3.4 mi) to the North-East downstream from the bend of the river which is located to the East of the center of the village of La Trinité-des-Monts;
* 1.1 km (0.68 mi) upstream from the Red Bridge (Chemin du Pont Rouge);
* 34.4 km (21.4 mi) south-east of the south-east coast of the St. Lawrence River;
* 14.1 km (8.8 mi) south of the village center of Saint-Narcisse-de-Rimouski;
* 4.5 km (2.8 mi) north-east of the village center of La Trinité-des-Monts.

## Toponymy

The term "Brison" constitutes a family name of French origin.
The toponym "Rivière Brisson" was formalized on December 5, 1968, at the Commission de toponymie du Québec.
# Chamber of Nationalities

The Chamber of Nationalities (Burmese: လူမျိုးစုလွှတ်တော်) was the upper house of the bicameral Union Parliament of Burma (Myanmar) from 1948 to 1962. Under the 1947 Constitution, bills initiated and passed by the lower house, the Chamber of Deputies, were to be sent to the Chamber of Nationalities for review and revision. The Chamber of Nationalities was primarily formed to give minorities within Burma some political power in the national government.
It consisted of 125 seats, with the constitution providing for specified numbers of representatives from all states and divisions. 25 seats were allotted to Shan State, 12 to Kachin State, 8 seats to Special Division of the Chins (now Chin State), 3 seats to Karenni State (now Kayah State), 24 to ethnic Karens, and 53 to all other territories (including divisions), including 4 seats reserved for the Anglo-Burmese community. The parliament was abolished after Ne Win suspended the 1947 Constitution following a military coup on 3 March 1962.
A single-party unicameral People's Assembly replaced the parliament in 1974.

## Speakers of the Chamber of Nationalities

| Name | Took office | Left office | Notes |
| Sao Shwe Thaik | March 1952 | 1960 | |
| Sao Hkun Kyi | 11 April 1960 | March 1962 | |
# Viola Essen

Viola Essen (August 11, 1925 – January 16, 1970), was an American ballet dancer. She was a student of Mikhail Mordkin, and an original member of the Ballet Theatre, precursor to the American Ballet Theatre.

## Early life and education

Essen was born Violeta Colchagoff in Saint Louis, Missouri and raised in New York City and Los Angeles, the daughter of Asen Hristov Colchagoff (also known as Sam Essen) and Maria "Masha" Vasileva Essen. Her parents were born in Bulgaria; both were naturalized as United States citizens in 1923. Her father was a furrier. She was a child performer, after winning a baby contest. She attended the Birch Wathen School in New York, studied piano with Vladimir Drozdoff, and dance with Mikhail Mordkin.

## Career

Essen danced in Mordkin's productions of The Sleeping Beauty (1936), The Goldfish (1937), and Giselle (1937), with Lucia Chase in the lead roles. In 1944, she won praise as the Queen in a production of Swan Lake, when John Martin of The New York Times wrote that she "dances with a fresh and ingratiating young competence, if not with as much style as she will one day acquire." On the New York stage, Essen appeared in Hollywood Pinafore (1945), and Along Fifth Avenue (1949). Al Hirschfeld made a caricature of Essen in the cast of Hollywood Pinafore. She appeared in the ballet-themed thriller film Specter of the Rose (1946) and in the televised adaptation of the operetta The Desert Song (1955).
Essen danced in the first productions of the Ballet Theatre in 1940, and in 1955 reprised her part in Jardin aux lilas with Hugh Laing, at the company's fifteenth anniversary event, held at the Metropolitan Opera House. In 1956, she ran a dance studio in New York City, and Marlon Brando once played bongos for the students. In 1963, Walter Winchell reported that she was looking for work in television commercials, and in 1965 he reported that she had recently experienced an armed burglary and a fire while running a florist shop in New York City.

## Personal life

Essen married at least five times, but all the marriages were brief. Her first husband was actor Richard Deane; they divorced in 1944. Her second husband was Polish-born violinist Werner Ludwig Gebauer; they married in 1946 and divorced in 1948. Peter Cadeby was her third husband; they married in 1949. Her fourth husband was Herbert Crane; they married in 1953. Her fifth husband was actor Gabriel Dell; they married in 1956, and had a son, Beau. She declared bankruptcy in 1949. She died in 1970, in her forties.
# Empis testiculata

Empis testiculata is a species of fly in the family Empididae. It is included in the subgenus Xanthempis. It is found in the Palearctic.
# Cohen's h

In statistics, Cohen's h, popularized by Jacob Cohen, is a measure of distance between two proportions or probabilities. Cohen's h has several related uses:
* It can be used to describe the difference between two proportions as "small", "medium", or "large".
* It can be used to determine if the difference between two proportions is "meaningful".
* It can be used in calculating the sample size for a future study.
When measuring differences between proportions, Cohen's h can be used in conjunction with hypothesis testing. A "statistically significant" difference between two proportions is understood to mean that, given the data, it is likely that there is a difference in the population proportions. However, this difference might be too small to be meaningful—the statistically significant result does not tell us the size of the difference. Cohen's h, on the other hand, quantifies the size of the difference, allowing us to decide if the difference is meaningful.

## Uses

Researchers have used Cohen's h as follows.
* Describe the differences in proportions using the rule of thumb criteria set out by Cohen. Namely, h = 0.2 is a "small" difference, h = 0.5 is a "medium" difference, and h = 0.8 is a "large" difference.
* Only discuss differences that have h greater than some threshold value, such as 0.2.
* When the sample size is so large that many differences are likely to be statistically significant, Cohen's h identifies "meaningful", "clinically meaningful", or "practically significant" differences.

## Calculation

Given a probability or proportion p, between 0 and 1, its arcsine transformation is
    $\varphi =2\arcsin {\sqrt {p}}.$
Given two proportions, $p_{1}$ and $p_{2}$, h is defined as the difference between their arcsine transformations. Namely,
    $h=\varphi _{1}-\varphi _{2}.$
This is also sometimes called "directional h" because, in addition to showing the magnitude of the difference, it shows which of the two proportions is greater.
Often, researchers mean "nondirectional h", which is just the absolute value of the directional h:
    $h=\left|\varphi _{1}-\varphi _{2}\right|.$
In R, Cohen's h can be calculated using the ES.h function in the pwr package or the cohenH function in the rcompanion package.

## Interpretation

Cohen provides the following descriptive interpretations of h as a rule of thumb:
* h = 0.20: "small effect size".
* h = 0.50: "medium effect size".
* h = 0.80: "large effect size".
Cohen cautions that:
   As before, the reader is counseled to avoid the use of these conventions, if he can, in favor of exact values provided by theory or experience in the specific area in which he is working.
Nevertheless, many researchers do use these conventions as given.
# Tianjin Health Industry Park

The Tianjin Health Industry Park is a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor hardcourts. It is currently part of the ITF Women's Circuit. It was previously part of the ATP Challenger Tour in 2014. It has been held annually in Tianjin, China since 2014.

## Past finals
### Men's singles

| Year | Champion | Runner-up | Score |
| 2014 | Blaž Kavčič | Alexander Kudryavtsev | 6–2, 3–6, 7–5 |

### Women's singles

| Year | Champion | Runner-up | Score |
| 2019 | Wang Xinyu | Jovana Jakšić | 6–4, 6–2 |
| 2018 | Liu Fangzhou | Lu Jingjing | 3–6, 6–3, 6–3 |
| 2017 | Wang Yafan | Zhu Lin | 6–4, 6–2 |
| 2016 | Aryna Sabalenka | Nina Stojanović | 5–7, 6–3, 6–1 |
| 2015 | Duan Yingying | Wang Qiang | 4–6, 7–6$^{(7–2)}$, 3–0 ret. |
| 2014 | Wang Qiang | Zhu Lin | 6–3, 6–2 |

### Men's doubles

| Year | Champions | Runners-up | Score |
| 2014 | Robin Kern Josselin Ouanna | Jason Jung Evan King | 6–7$^{(3–7)}$, 7–5, [10–8] |

### Women's doubles

| Year | Champions | Runners-up | Score |
| 2019 | Jiang Xinyu Tang Qianhui | Wu Meixu Zheng Wushuang | 7–5, 6–2 |
| 2018 | Feng Shuo Jiang Xinyu | Chen Jiahui Ye Qiuyu | 6–4, 6–4 |
| 2017 | Jiang Xinyu Tang Qianhui | Liu Chang Lu Jiajing | 6–4, 6–1 |
| 2016 | Li Yihong Wang Yan | Liu Wanting Lu Jingjing | 1–6, 6–0, [10–4] |
| 2015 | Liu Wanting Lu Jingjing | Chen Jiahui You Xiaodi | 6–7$^{(4–7)}$, 7–6$^{(7–3)}$, [10–4] |
| 2014 | Liu Chang Tian Ran | Fatma Al-Nabhani Ankita Raina | 6–1, 7–5 |
# Lucien Petipa

Lucien Petipa (22 December 1815 – 7 July 1898) was a French ballet dancer in the early 19th century (Romantic period), who was the brother of Marius Petipa, the famous ballet master of the Russian Imperial Ballet. He was born in Marseilles and died in Versailles.
The son of Jean-Antoine Petipa, he was the original interpreter of many of the principal male roles during the Romantic era, working with choreographers such as Jean Coralli among others. Probably the most known role he created was Albert, Duke of Sliesa (later to be known as Count Albrecht) in the two-act ballet of Giselle in 1841, opposite the Italian-born ballerina Carlotta Grisi for whom the ballet was created. Between 1860 and 1868 he was maître de ballet at the Paris Opera and between 1872 and 1873 he ran the La Monnaie theater in Brussels.

## Notable roles

* Albert in Giselle (1841)
* Achmed in La Péri (1843)

## Ballets

* In 1857 Lucien Petipa staged a ballet to the music of the second version of the opera Le cheval de bronze.
* Sacountala (performed on July 14, 1858 at the Paris Opera)
* Graziosa (performed on March 25, 1861 at the Paris Opera)
* Le Roi d'Yvetot (performed on December 28, 1865 at the Paris Opera)
* Le Marché des innocents (The March of the Innocents), along with his brother Marius Petipa (October 14, 1872, performed in Brussels)
* Namouna (performed on February 10, 1882 at the Paris Opera)
# Brisson River (rivière aux Anglais)

The Brisson river is a tributary of the rivière aux Anglais flowing in the unorganized territory of Rivière-aux-Outardes, in the Manicouagan Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Côte-Nord, in the province of Quebec, in Canada.
The Brisson river valley is mainly served by the English river path.
The surface of the English River is generally frozen from the beginning of December to the end of March, except the rapids areas; however, safe circulation on the ice is generally from mid-December to mid-March.

## Geography

The Brisson River rises on the Canadian Shield, at Lake Louis (length: 1.2 km (0.75 mi); altitude: 319 m (1,047 ft)). This forest lake is surrounded by mountains. The mouth of the lake is located 3.7 km (2.3 mi) southwest of the mouth of the Brisson river, 2.1 km (1.3 mi) west of a curve in the Rivière des Anglais and 5.9 km (3.7 mi) northeast of a bay on the Manicouagan River.
From the head lake, the course of the Brisson river descends on 10.8 km (6.7 mi) entirely in the forest zone, with a drop of 119 m (390 ft), according to the following segments:
* 1.6 km (0.99 mi) north-west across Lake Philippe (length: 0.9 km (0.56 mi); altitude: 304 m (997 ft)), to its mouth;
* 2.7 km (1.7 mi) north-west crossing lac Brisson (length: 2.4 km (1.5 mi); altitude: 304 m (997 ft)), to its mouth;
* 2.1 km (1.3 mi) first towards the north by crossing a small lake, then towards the south-east by crossing Lake Thérèse (length: 1.9 km (1.2 mi); altitude: 243 m (797 ft)) which is located in a deep valley and collects the Gagnon stream (coming from the northwest), to its mouth;
* 1.8 km (1.1 mi) towards the south-east in a deep valley, crossing three small lakes, until the dam located at a discharge (coming from the north-west) of three lakes;
* 2.6 km (1.6 mi) towards the south-east in a deep valley which opens onto a forest plain at the end of the segment, until its mouth which pours out on the west bank of the Baie des Anglais, on the north shore of the estuary of Saint Lawrence.
The Brisson river flows on the north bank of the intermediate course of the English river, in the unorganized territory of Rivière-aux-Outardes. This confluence is located in an area of rapids 0.17 km (0.11 mi) downstream from the confluence of the Tremblay River. From the confluence of the Brisson river, the current descends the course of the English river of 26.9 km (16.7 mi).

## Toponym

The term "Brisson" is a family name of French origin.
The toponym "Brisson river" was formalized on August 2, 1974, at the Place Names Bank of the Commission de toponymie du Québec.
# Thorncote Green

Thorncote Green (often known only as Thorncote) is a hamlet located in the Central Bedfordshire district of Bedfordshire, England.
The settlement is located to the north of the village of Northill, and practically next to Budna. Thorncote Green lies near to the border between Central Bedfordshire and the Borough of Bedford.

## Commercial Activity

Although rural, Thorncote Green supports several small businesses:-
* London Electronics Ltd
* Franklins Farm, online butchers and farm shop
* Skysport Engineering Ltd

## The Manor of Thorncote

The Victoria County History equates this manor with a holding of Eudo the Steward, also known as Eudo, son of Hubert in the Domesday Book of 1086. That entry simply lists the manor under Beeston; the Domesday survey does not mention Thorncote, Hatch or Brook End in any of its entries. On Eudo's death the manor became property of the Crown and was attached to the Barony of Lindon [Lincoln].
By the 13th century the manor was held by Drew de Sutton and later by William Dru. In 1313 it was conveyed by John de Wresle to Walter de Huntingfold and Joan, his wife. At some time before 1377 Agnes, wife of Henry de Huntingfold was dispossessed by William de Brounsford who alienated the manor to Nicholas Westerdale and others who obtained a licence in 1386 to convey it to Warden Abbey in exchange for the abbey's granges at Ravensholt and Burdon in Cambridgeshire. The manor stayed in the hands of Warden Abbey until it was dissolved in 1537.
For more than a century, the Crown leased out the manor but in 1652, it granted the manor to John Eldred and others. This group were speculators who divided the land into four parts. In 1658, one of these parts was conveyed by Nathaniel Parcell to Jasper Edwards, Chief Registrar of the Court of Chancery. During the next hundred years the manor seems to have been reconstituted and appears in the ownership of Samuel Cockayne and Bromsall Throckmorton. By 1801 it was in the hands of Godfrey Thornton of Moggerhanger, who had purchased it from Thomas Smith of Grays Inn.
The manor remained in the hands of the Thornton family until a succession of Law of Property Acts in the 1920s abolished manorial fines and incidents as well as copyhold land tenure, thus abolishing manors in practically all but name.
Since April 2011, the title of Lord of the Manor of Thorncote has been held by Ian J. Wilkinson of nearby Peterborough, Cambridgeshire.

## Notable residents

* Christopher Layton, a Mormon colonizer and Patriarch, was born in Thorncote Green in 1821
# Sergeant Kirk

Sergeant Kirk or Sgt. Kirk (Spanish: El Sargento Kirk) is the main character of the Western comics series of the same title by Italian comic book creator Hugo Pratt and Argentine author Héctor Germán Oesterheld.

## Publication history

The series, created in Argentina during the Golden Age of Argentine Comics, was first published in issue 225 of the weekly comics magazine Misterix on January 9, 1953. The idea was to make Western comics with Hugo Pratt, a rising star at the moment. Oesterheld initially tried to make a Sergeant set in the times of colonial Argentina, but it was rejected as it would not be profitable. Seeking documentation about the history of the United States' relation with the native Americans he read about the Wounded Knee Massacre, and used it as a starting point for his stories. Similarly to revisionist Western, he tried to avoid the standard portrayal of the cowboy as a flawless hero, and made him instead a man trying to make amends for the killing of natives.
Sargento Kirk continued its run in Misterix until issue 475 on December 20, 1957, when Oesterheld's own publishing house Editorial Frontera was established, and the series resumed in the Frontera magazines Frontera Extra and Hora Cero Suplemento Semanal. It ran until 1961 with drawings by Pratt, Jorge Moliterni, Horacio Porreca and Gisela Dexter. An additional Sargento Kirk story was published in 1973 in the magazine Billiken, drawn by Gustavo Trigo.

## Synopsis

Sergeant Kirk is a former soldier of the American Civil War who goes on to serve in the post-war Wild West. Forced to participate in a massacre of American Indians by the U.S. Army, Kirk deserts and devotes himself to defending the Indians. An essentially noble man, Kirk treats even his enemies with tolerance and humanitarianism. Among Kirk's companions appearing in the series are "El Corto", Dr. Forbes and the Native American boy, Maha.

## Magazine

Sergeant Kirk (Italian: Il Sergente Kirk) was chosen as the name of the comics magazine Pratt launched in Italy in July 1967 by publisher Florenzo Ivaldi (Ivaldi Editore). This carried showcased work from the Argentine period, as well as the series Luck Star O'Hara, Gli Scorpioni del Deserto, and the first publication of Corto Maltese in the story Una Ballata del Mare Salato. The magazine maintained regular distribution until December 1969 and was issued sporadically during the 1970s.