# 71st United States Congress

The 71st United States Congress was a meeting of the legislature of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from March 4, 1929, to March 4, 1931, during the first two years of Herbert Hoover's presidency. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the 1910 United States census.
Both the House and Senate remained under Republican control, with increased majorities in each chamber. And with Herbert Hoover being sworn in as president on March 4, 1929, the Republicans maintained an overall federal government trifecta.
The 71st Congress also featured the most special elections of any Congress with 27 in all.

## Major events

* March 4, 1929: Herbert C. Hoover became President of the United States
* October 24, 1929 – October 29, 1929: Wall Street Crash of 1929: Three multi-digit percentage drops wipe out more than $30 billion from the New York Stock Exchange (3 times greater than the annual budget of the federal government).
* October 25, 1929: Former U.S. Interior Secretary Albert B. Fall is convicted of bribery for his role in the Teapot Dome scandal, becoming the first Presidential cabinet member to go to prison for actions in office.

## Major legislation

* June 15, 1929: Agriculture Marketing Act, ch. 24, 46 Stat. 11
* June 18, 1929: Reapportionment Act of 1929, ch. 28, 46 Stat. 21
* May 14, 1930: Federal Bureau of Prisons Act, ch. 274, 46 Stat. 325
* June 17, 1930: Hawley-Smoot Tariff Act, ch. 497, 46 Stat. 590, (including: Title III, Plant Patent Act, 46 Stat. 703)
* July 3, 1930: Veterans Administration Act, ch. 863, 46 Stat. 1016
* March 3, 1931: Davis–Bacon Act, ch. 411, 46 Stat. 1494
* March 3, 1931: An Act To make The Star-Spangled Banner the national anthem of the United States of America, ch. 436, 46 Stat. 1508

## Party summary

The count below identifies party affiliations at the beginning of the first session of this Congress, and includes members from vacancies and newly admitted states, when they were first seated. Changes resulting from subsequent replacements are shown below in the "Changes in membership" section.

### Senate

| | Party (shading shows control) | Party (shading shows control) | Party (shading shows control) | Total | Vacant |
| | Democratic (D) | Farmer– Labor (FL) | Republican (R) | Total | Vacant |
| End of previous congress | 45 | 1 | 49 | 95 | 1 |
| Begin | 39 | 1 | 54 | 94 | 2 |
| End | 42 | 1 | 53 | 96 | 0 |
| Final voting share | 43.8% | 1.0% | 55.2% | | |
| Beginning of next congress | 46 | 1 | 48 | 95 | 1 |

### House of Representatives

| | Party (shading shows control) | Party (shading shows control) | Party (shading shows control) | Party (shading shows control) | Total | Vacant |
| | Democratic (D) | Farmer– Labor (FL) | Republican (R) | Other | Total | Vacant |
| End of previous congress | 193 | 2 | 232 | 1 | 428 | 7 |
| Begin | 164 | 1 | 268 | 0 | 433 | 2 |
| End | 166 | 1 | 265 | 0 | 432 | 3 |
| Final voting share | 38.4% | 0.2% | 61.3% | 0.0% | | |
| Beginning of next congress | 216 | 1 | 217 | 0 | 434 | 1 |

## Leadership
### Senate

* President: Charles Curtis (R)
* President pro tempore: George H. Moses (R)
* Majority leader: James E. Watson (R)
* Minority leader: Joseph T. Robinson (D)
* Majority whip: Simeon D. Fess (R)
* Minority whip: Morris Sheppard (D)
* Republican Conference Secretary: Frederick Hale
* Democratic Caucus Secretary: Hugo Black

### House of Representatives

* Speaker: Nicholas Longworth (R)
* Majority leader: John Q. Tilson (R)
* Minority leader: John N. Garner (D)
* Majority Whip: Albert Henry Vestal (R)
* Minority Whip: John McDuffie (D)
* Republican Conference Chair: Willis C. Hawley
* Democratic Caucus Chairman: David Hayes Kincheloe
* Democratic Campaign Committee Chairman: Joseph W. Byrns Sr.
* Republican Campaign Committee Chairman: William R. Wood

## Members

This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed in order of seniority, and representatives are listed by district.

### Senate

Senators were elected every two years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election. In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term began in this Congress, requiring reelection in 1934; Class 2 meant their term ended with this Congress, requiring reelection in 1930; and Class 3 meant their term began in the last Congress, requiring reelection in 1932.

### House of Representatives

The names of members of the House of Representatives are preceded by their districts.

## Changes in membership

The count below reflects changes from the beginning of the first session of this Congress.

### Senate

* Replacements: 15
** Democratic: 3-seat net gain
** Republican: 1-seat net loss
* Deaths: 5
* Resignations: 3
* Interim appointments: 6
* Total seats with changes: 9

### House of Representatives

* Replacements: 27
** Democratic: 4 seat net gain
** Republican: 3 seat net loss
* Deaths: 25
* Resignations: 6
* Contested election: 1
* Total seats with changes: 32
| District | Vacated by | Reason for vacancy | Successor | Date of successor's installation |
| New York 21st | Vacant | Rep. Royal H. Weller died during previous congress | Joseph A. Gavagan (D) | November 5, 1929 |
| Illinois 15th | Vacant | Rep. Edward J. King died in previous congress | Burnett M. Chiperfield (R) | November 4, 1930 |
| Kentucky 3rd | Charles W. Roark (R) | Died April 5, 1929 | John W. Moore (D) | June 1, 1929 |
| Louisiana 3rd | Whitmell P. Martin (D) | Died April 6, 1929 | Numa F. Montet (D) | August 6, 1929 |
| Pennsylvania 12th | John J. Casey (D) | Died May 5, 1929 | Charles M. Turpin (R) | June 1, 1929 |
| Minnesota 5th | Walter Newton (R) | Resigned June 30, 1929, after being appointed secretary to President Herbert Hoover | William I. Nolan (R) | July 17, 1929 |
| Georgia 5th | Leslie J. Steele (D) | Died July 24, 1929 | Robert Ramspeck (D) | October 2, 1929 |
| Minnesota 7th | Ole J. Kvale (FL) | Died September 11, 1929 | Paul J. Kvale (FL) | October 16, 1929 |
| New York 18th | John F. Carew (D) | Resigned December 28, 1929, after being appointed a justice to the New York Supreme Court | Martin J. Kennedy (D) | April 11, 1930 |
| Illinois 24th | Thomas S. Williams (R) | Resigned November 11, 1929, after being appointed to the United States Court of Claims | Claude V. Parsons (D) | November 4, 1930 |
| Pennsylvania 10th | William W. Griest (R) | Died December 5, 1929 | J. Roland Kinzer (R) | January 28, 1930 |
| Massachusetts 2nd | Will Kirk Kaynor (R) | Died December 20, 1929 | William J. Granfield (D) | February 17, 1930 |
| Utah 2nd | Elmer O. Leatherwood (R) | Died December 24, 1929 | Frederick C. Loofbourow (R) | November 4, 1930 |
| Kentucky 11th | John M. Robsion (R) | Resigned January 10, 1930, after being appointed to the U.S. Senate | Charles Finley (R) | February 15, 1930 |
| Texas 14th | Augustus McCloskey (D) | Lost contested election February 10, 1930 | Harry M. Wurzbach (R) | February 10, 1930 |
| West Virginia 4th | James A. Hughes (R) | Died March 2, 1930 | Robert L. Hogg (R) | November 4, 1930 |
| Connecticut 5th | James P. Glynn (R) | Died March 6, 1930 | Edward W. Goss (R) | November 4, 1930 |
| Texas 17th | Robert Q. Lee (D) | Died April 18, 1930 | Thomas L. Blanton (D) | May 20, 1930 |
| Rhode Island 3rd | Jeremiah E. O'Connell (D) | Resigned May 9, 1930, after being appointed a justice to the Rhode Island Superior Court | Francis Condon (D) | November 4, 1930 |
| Wisconsin 6th | Florian Lampert (R) | Died July 18, 1930 | Michael Reilly (D) | December 1, 1930 |
| Pennsylvania 32nd | Edgar R. Kiess (R) | Died July 20, 1930 | Robert F. Rich (R) | November 4, 1930 |
| Pennsylvania 16th | Stephen G. Porter (R) | Died June 27, 1930 | Edmund F. Erk (R) | November 4, 1930 |
| North Carolina 5th | Charles M. Stedman (D) | Died September 23, 1930 | Franklin W. Hancock Jr. (D) | November 4, 1930 |
| North Carolina 7th | William C. Hammer (D) | Died September 26, 1930 | Hinton James (D) | November 4, 1930 |
| Kentucky 2nd | David H. Kincheloe (D) | Resigned October 5, 1930, after being appointed to the United States Customs Court | John L. Dorsey Jr. (D) | November 4, 1930 |
| California 3rd | Charles F. Curry (R) | Died October 10, 1930 | Seat remained vacant until next Congress | Seat remained vacant until next Congress |
| Arkansas 4th | Otis Wingo (D) | Died October 21, 1930 | Effiegene Locke Wingo (D) | November 4, 1930 |
| New York 7th | John Quayle (D) | Died November 27, 1930 | Seat remained vacant until next Congress | Seat remained vacant until next Congress |
| New York 9th | David J. O'Connell (D) | Died December 29, 1930 | Stephen A. Rudd (D) | February 17, 1931 |
| Wisconsin 1st | Henry A. Cooper (R) | Died March 1, 1931 | Seat remained vacant until next Congress | Seat remained vacant until next Congress |

## Committees

Lists of committees and their party leaders for members of the House and Senate committees can be found through the Official Congressional Directory at the bottom of this article. The directory after the pages of terms of service lists committees of the Senate, House (Standing with Subcommittees, Select and Special) and Joint and, after that, House/Senate committee assignments. On the committees section of the House and Senate in the Official Congressional Directory, the committee's members on the first row on the left side shows the chairman of the committee and on the right side shows the ranking member of the committee.

### Joint committees

* Conditions of Indian Tribes (Special)
* Disposition of (Useless) Executive Papers
* The Library (Chairman: Sen. Simeon D. Fess)
* Printing (Chairman: Sen. George H. Moses then Duncan U. Fletcher; Vice Chairman: Rep. Edgar R. Kiess)
* Taxation (Chairman: Rep. Willis C. Hawley)
* Veterans' Affairs

## Caucuses

* Democratic (House)
* Democratic (Senate)

## Officers
### Legislative branch agency directors

* Architect of the Capitol: David Lynn
* Attending Physician of the United States Congress: George Calver
* Comptroller General of the United States: John R. McCarl
* Librarian of Congress: Herbert Putnam
* Public Printer of the United States: George H. Carter

### Senate

* Secretary: Edwin P. Thayer
* Sergeant at Arms: David S. Barry
* Librarian: Edward C. Goodwin
* Chaplain: ZeBarney T. Phillips (Episcopalian)
* Democratic Party Secretary: Edwin A. Halsey, from 1929
* Republican Party Secretary: Carl A. Loeffler, from 1929

### House of Representatives

* Clerk: William T. Page
* Sergeant at Arms: Joseph G. Rodgers
* Doorkeeper: Bert W. Kennedy
* Postmaster: Frank W. Collier
* Parliamentarian: Lewis Deschler
* Reading Clerks: Patrick Joseph Haltigan (D) and Alney E. Chaffee (R)
* Chaplain: James S. Montgomery (Methodist)