OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Chuska Valley

The Chuska Valley is a geographical region located in the northwestern portion of the U.S. state of New Mexico. Although identified as a "valley" in archaeological literature, the region encompasses the eastern slope of the Chuska Mountains, situated in their rain shadow. Sitting atop the Colorado Plateau in the Four Corners region of the desert Southwest, it is near both Chacra Mesa and Chaco Canyon, which are noted for their Chacoan Anasazi ruins. The Chaco Slope is differentiated from the neighboring Gobernador Slope, Chaco Core, and Chaco Plateau by distinct surface water drainage patterns and geological formations. These regions were first labelled by archaeologist Gwinn Vivian.

## Citations

Fagan, B (2005), Chaco Canyon: Archaeologists Explore the Lives of an Ancient Society, Oxford University Press, ISBN 0-19-517043-1
# Gaping (animal behavior)

Gaping is a common form of behavior in the animal kingdom, in which an animal opens its mouth widely and displays the interior of its mouth, for any of various purposes. This may be a form of deimatic behaviour, colloquially known as a startle display or threat display, as it enlarges the appearance of the animal, and for those with teeth it shows the threat that these represent. Animals may also use gaping as part of a courtship display, or to otherwise communicate with each other. Some animals have evolved features which make gaping behavior more visually effective. For example, "[i]n many species of reptile, the oral mucosa may be a bright color that serves to distract the predator". Gaping is part of the shark agonistic display, and is also found in snakes such as the cottonmouth, and in birds ranging from seagulls to puffins to roosters.
A number of species of bird use a gaping, open beak in their fear and threat displays. Some augment the display by hissing or breathing heavily, while others clap their beaks. In birds, the muscles that depress the lower mandible are usually weak, but certain birds have well-developed digastric muscles that aid in gaping actions. In most birds, these muscles are relatively small as compared to the jaw muscles of similarly sized mammals. Both male and female puffins use gaping as a prominent part of their threat display, with "a range of intensities" based on the situation, and with puffins engaging in territorial gape contests, where they mirror each other until one gives up and leaves, or an actual fight occurs.
Some animals are named for their tendency to use gaping as a threat display, or for the features that become apparent when making such a display. For example, the cottonmouth is so named because the white lining of its mouth is visible when gaping. Other snakes, such as the Western Massasauga, have been observed to engage in gaping behavior which "appears to be unrelated to any threat".

## Gallery of images

* A. p. piscivorus – gaping is part of the typical threat display, the white mouth giving it the nickname "cottonmouth".
* Clear agonistic gaping behavior observed in Great White Shark.
* Frill-necked lizard faces predators, making itself look big with head frills, gaping, raising its body and waving its tail.
* A gull's upper mandible can flex upwards because it is supported by small bones which can move slightly backwards and forwards.
# Araik Baghdadyan

Araik Baghdadyan (Armenian: Արայիկ Բաղդադյան, born 29 August 1973) is a retired Armenian Freestyle wrestler and coach.
Baghdadyan won a silver medal at the 1994 European Wrestling Championships. Baghdadyan is now the chief coach of Armenia's freestyle wrestling team.
# Juan Chabás

Juan Chabás (September 10, 1900, Dénia – October 29, 1954) was a Spanish-born poet and writer. He was a member of the influential group of writers known as the Generation of '27. He fled to exile in Cuba following the Spanish Civil War.
In 1938, he met French journalist Simone Téry, whom he married in 1938.$^{:113}$ They would later divorce.
Juan Chabás died of a heart attack at age 44 in Santiago de Cuba and is buried in the Colon Cemetery, Havana.

## Works

* Espejos 1919-verso-1920 (1921),
* Sin velas desvelada, (1927),
* Puerto de sombra, (1928),
* Italia fascista (1929),
* Vuelo y estilo (1930),
* Agor sin fin, (1930),
* Historia de la literatura española (1932),
* Literatura española contemporánea (1898–1950) (1952),
* Fábula y vida, (1955),
* Árbol de ti nacido (1956).
# Bellevesvre

Bellevesvre (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Saône-et-Loire department in the region of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in eastern France.
# Hodjapasha Culture Center

The Hodjapasha Culture Center is housed in a former 15th-century hammam in Istanbul, Turkey. It hosts whirling dervish ceremonies, as well as other events such as the dance show "Rhythm of the Dance".
* Exterior
* Interior
* Interior ceiling
* Exhibit
# Jim Kerr (footballer, born 1959)

James Kerr (born 17 January 1959) is a Scottish former professional footballer who played as a midfielder.
# Mario Cáceres

Mario Antonio Cáceres Gómez (born 17 March 1981) is a Chilean former footballer who played as a striker.
During his career, he played for Colo-Colo on three occasions (being nicknamed "El Petrolero" in his country), but also plied his trade in four countries.

## Club career

Born in the capital Santiago, Cáceres made his debut for Colo-Colo in 1998, but spent the following years on loan in the country, to Ñublense and Corporación Deportiva Everton de Viña del Mar respectively.
Caceres was signed by Sporting Clube de Portugal in January 2001, at the same time as compatriot Rodrigo Tello. Grossly unsettled he returned to Colo-Colo after just a few months, as the Lisbon club refused to activate the buying option it had on the player.
At the start of the 2004 season, Cáceres switched for C.D. Universidad de Concepción, but left the following year to Liga MX side Lobos de la BUAP.
Before the start of 2005's Apertura, Cáceres moved to another country, transferring to Greek team Aris FC, in the country's second level. In 2006, he rejoined Colo-Colo for a third stint, but returned to Greece and its division two the next year, with Pas Giannina FC.
Cáceres found some stability in the 2008 summer, going on to play two seasons at Switzerland's FC St. Gallen. Subsequently, he returned to his country, first joining San Luis de Quillota and going on to represent Audax Italiano, former team Everton and Deportes Temuco.

## International career

Cáceres capped for Chile at under-20 level, appearing at both the 2001 South American U-20 Championship and the 2001 FIFA World Youth Championship. He also played for the nation at the 2004 CONMEBOL Pre-Olympic tournament.

## Managerial career

He began his managerial career as an assistant coach in the Colo-Colo youth ranks and coach of Cobreloa at under-13 level. From 2018 to 2022, he worked as the assistant coach of Rodolfo Madrid in Rodelindo Román at minor categories of the Chilean football.

## Personal life

His nickname, El Petrolero (The Oilman), was given by the Chilean play-by-play commentator Claudio Palma, due to the fact that he had a hard time picking up speed during the matches, like the diesel cars.
His brother, Carlos Cáceres Gómez, is a former footballer who played in Indonesia for PS Palembang and current football coach who has worked for clubs such as Cobresal (women).
In 2015, he worked as a football commentator for the Chilean TV sports channel Canal del Fútbol.

## Honours
### Club
#### Colo-Colo

* Primera División de Chile (3): 2002 Apertura, 2006 Apertura, 2006 Clausura
* Copa Sudamericana (1): Runner-up 2006
# Surrett Canyon Formation

The Surrett Canyon Formation is a geologic formation in Idaho. It preserves fossils dating back to the Carboniferous period.
# Syringoporidae

Syringoporidae is an extinct family of phaceloid tabulate coral.
These tabulate corals lived from the Ordovician to the Permian period (from 449.5 to 279.5 Ma). Fossils of species belonging to the Syringoporidae family have been found in the sediments of Europe, Russia, China, Japan, Thailand, Australia, Canada and the United States.

## Genera

* Cannapora Hall 1852
* Chia Lin 1958
* Enigmalites Tchudinova 1975
* Kueichowpora Chi 1933
* Oharaia Nelson 1977
* Pleurosiphonella Chudinova 1970
* Spinuliplena Pickett 1994
* Syringoalcyon Termier and Termier 1945
* Syringocolumna Stumm 1969
* Syringopora Goldfuss 1826
* Syringoporiella Rukhin 1937
* Vinculumtes Khayznikova 1989
# Taberna Formation

The Taberna Formation is a geologic formation in Mexico. It preserves fossils dating back to the Jurassic period.
# Tachilni Formation

The Tachilni Formation is a geologic formation in Alaska. It preserves fossils dating back to the Neogene period.
# Daniel Castro (footballer)

Daniel Esteban Castro Santibáñez (born 27 April 1994) is a Chilean footballer who currently plays as a forward for Deportes Limache.

## Career

He has become the Top Goalscorer of the fourth division of the Chilean football for three times: in 2016 playing for General Velásquez and in 2018 and 2019 playing for Deportes Limache. In 2020, he joined Unión Española in the Chilean Primera División. In 2022, he joined Santiago Wanderers in the Primera B.
For the 2023 season, he switched to Deportes Limache, winning the league title.

## Personal life

He is nicknamed Popin, like a Chilean comic TV character.

## Honours
### Club

Deportes Limache
* Segunda División Profesional: 2023

### Individual

* Tercera A Top Scorer (3): 2016, 2018, 2019
# Temblor Formation

The Temblor Formation is a geologic formation in California. It preserves fossils dating back from the Late Oligocene to the Middle Miocene of the Neogene period. It is notable for the famous Sharktooth Hill deposit (otherwise known as Ernst Quarry).

## Fossils
### Vertebrates
#### Cartilagenous fishes
##### Sharks

* Carcharias
* Cephaloscyllium
* Cetorhinus
* †Carcharocles megalodon
* †Galeocerdo aduncus
* †Hemipristis serra
* Heterodontus
* Hexanchus
* †Isurus desori
* †Isurus hastalis
* †Isurus planus
* Megachasma
* Notorhynchus
* †Parotodus benedenii
* Scyliorhinus
* Squalus
* Squatina

##### Rays and skates

* Dasyatis
* Myliobatis

### Reptiles

* Pacifichelys
* †Chelonia californiensis
* †Syllomus aegyptiacus

### Birds

* †Diomedea californica
** †D. milleri
* †Fulmarus miocaenus
* †Hadrogyps aigialerus
* †Megalodytes morejohni
* †Morus vagabundus
* †Osteodontornis orri
* †Pandion homalopteron
* †Presbychen abavus
* †Puffinus inceptor
** †P. milleri
** †P. priscus

### Mammals

* †Allodesmus kernensis
* †Bouromeryx americanus
* †Hypohippus
* †Miotapirus
* †Paleoparadoxia tabatai
* †Paratomarctus temerarius
* †Pelagiarctos thomasi
* †Aulophyseter morricei
* †Oedolithax mira
* †Loxolithax sinuosa
* †Parietobalaena securis
# Ten Mile Hill Beds

The Ten Mile Hill Beds is a geologic formation in South Carolina. It preserves fossils.
# Centre de Recherches Mathématiques

The Centre de recherches mathématiques (CRM) is the first mathematical research institute in Canada, located at the Université de Montréal.
The CRM has ten research laboratories, one in each of: mathematical analysis, number theory and symbolic computation, differential geometry and topology, discrete mathematics and combinatorics, applied mathematics, neuroimaging, mathematical physics, statistics, probability theory and quantum computing.
Each year it awards four of the main mathematical sciences prizes in Canada: the CRM–Fields–PIMS prize, which is the most prestigious award given in Canada in mathematics; the Aisenstadt Prize, awarded to a young outstanding Canadian mathematician; the CRM–SSC Prize, awarded in collaboration with the Statistical Society of Canada to an exceptional young Canadian statistician; and the CAP–CRM Prize in Theoretical and Mathematical Physics awarded in collaboration with the Canadian Association of Physicists in recognition of exceptional achievements in theoretical and mathematical physics.
# DIMACS

The Center for Discrete Mathematics and Theoretical Computer Science (DIMACS) is a collaboration between Rutgers University, Princeton University, and the research firms AT&T, Bell Labs, Applied Communication Sciences, and NEC. It was founded in 1989 with money from the National Science Foundation. Its offices are located on the Rutgers campus, and 250 members from the six institutions form its permanent members.
DIMACS is devoted to both theoretical development and practical applications of discrete mathematics and theoretical computer science. It engages in a wide variety of evangelism including encouraging, inspiring, and facilitating researchers in these subject areas, and sponsoring conferences and workshops.
Fundamental research in discrete mathematics has applications in diverse fields including Cryptology, Engineering, Networking, and Management Decision Support.
Past directors have included Fred S. Roberts, Daniel Gorenstein, András Hajnal, and Rebecca N. Wright.

## The DIMACS Challenges

DIMACS sponsors implementation challenges to determine practical algorithm performance on problems of interest. There have been eleven DIMACS challenges so far.
* 1990-1991: Network Flows and Matching
* 1992-1992: NP-Hard Problems: Max Clique, Graph Coloring, and SAT
* 1993-1994: Parallel Algorithms for Combinatorial Problems
* 1994-1995: Computational Biology: Fragment Assembly and Genome Rearrangement
* 1995-1996: Priority Queues, Dictionaries, and Multidimensional Point Sets
* 1998-1998: Near Neighbor Searches
* 2000-2000: Semidefinite and Related Optimization Problems
* 2001-2001: The Traveling Salesman Problem
* 2005-2005: The Shortest Path Problem
* 2011-2012: Graph Partitioning and Graph Clustering
* 2013-2014: Steiner Tree Problems
* 2020-2021: Vehicle Routing Problems
# Thomashuxleya

Thomashuxleya is an extinct genus of notoungulate mammal, named after famous 19th-century biologist Thomas Huxley.

## Description

Thomashuxleya was about 1.3 metres (4.3 ft) in length and weighted an estimated 113 kilograms (249 lb), with a heavy body and strong limbs. Its large skull had 44 teeth in its jaws, including large canines which may have been used to dig around in earth. It had four toes on each foot, and probably walked somewhat like a modern peccary. It was a relatively generalised animal, not specialised for any particular way of life. There's an almost complete skeleton of this animal in exhibition in the American Museum of Natural History. This skeleton was discovered during the Scarrit expedition to Patagonia, Argentina, that was led by the paleontologist George Gaylord Simpson. Fossils of Thomashuxleya have been found in the Sarmiento and Casamayor Formations of Argentina.
# Thrifty Formation

The Thrifty Formation is a geologic formation in Texas. It preserves fossils.
# Thyroptera

Disk-winged bats are a small group of bats of the family Thyropteridae and genus Thyroptera. They are found in Central and South America, usually in moist tropical rain forests. It is a very small family, consisting of a single genus with five extant and one fossil species.
The name comes from the suction cups found at the base of the thumb and under the heel of these animals, similar to those found in sucker-footed bats. These structures help them to cling smooth surfaces, and to remain, for example, inside young coiled banana, Heliconia, and prayer plant leaves, where they roost.
They can also be recognized by their reduced thumbs, which are enclosed by the wing membranes, and their funnel-shaped ears. They have brownish to black fur, and roost in small groups, or singly. They are insectivorous and can live in many different kinds of environments.

## Taxonomy

Family Tyropteridae
* Genus Thyroptera
** De Vivo's disk-winged bat, Thyroptera devivoi
** Peters's disk-winged bat, Thyroptera discifera
** LaVal's disk-winged bat, Thyroptera lavali
** Spix's disk-winged bat, Thyroptera tricolor
** Patricia's disk-winged bat, Thyroptera wynneae
** †Thyroptera robusta, Middle Miocene (Laventan) Honda Group, Colombia
# Tibidy Formation

The Tibidy Formation is a geologic formation in France. It preserves fossils dating back to the Devonian period.
# Ticholeptus

Ticholeptus is an extinct genus of oreodont endemic to North America during the Middle Miocene epochs (16.0—13.6 mya), existing for approximately 2.4 million years. Fossils have been uncovered throughout the U.S. from Florida to Oregon, as well as California, and numerous sites in Nebraska, Nevada, and Montana.
# Kınalızâde Hasan Çelebi

Kınalızâde Hasan Çelebi (c. 1546 – 1604) was an Ottoman poet and bibliographer of the 16th century. His main work is the Tezkiretü'ş-Şuara (Memoirs of the Poets), one of the best known Ottoman tezkires (bibliographical dictionary of poets and poetry).

## Life

Hasan was born in year 993 of the Islamic calendar, which starts respectively on 4 March 1546. He was the son of Molla Ala al-Din Ali, also known as Ali Çelebi (1510/11 – 1572), an Ottoman jurist and author from Isparta in Anatolia. Hasan was born in Bursa, where his father was working as a Kadı (judge). He started his work career as a mulasim (assistant, candidate professor) of Abu Suud, in 1567–68 he became professor, in 1582–83 müderris (religious teacher) at the mosque of Mehmed the Conqueror, and five years later professor at the Süleymaniye Mosque. In the Islamic year of 999 (1590–91), he started his career as judge; first in Aleppo, followed by Cairo, Edirne, Cairo again, Bursa (1598-9), Gallipoli, then Eyüp district of Constantinople, and in Eski Zagra (July 1602). He lived the rest of his life as the owner of an arpalik near Rosetta in Egypt on 15 March 1604. Hasan's brother Fehmı (died May 1596) was also a well-known poet, although according to the historian Mustafa Âlî neither of the brothers could reach the prestige of their father.

## Poetry

His work Tezkiretü'ş-Şuara was the one that made him famous. It was the last of the great bibliographical works on poets of the 16th century. It was structured in three sections. According to Mustafa ben Abd Allah Hadjidji Khalifa, it surpasses all previous works of its kind both in kindness of language and compactness of information which is embedded in it. It was finished in 1586 and dedicated to Hoca Sadeddin Efendi. The tezkire gives information on around 600 poets with specimens of their work. Many manuscripts of it exist.
# Omicron Puppis

Omicron Puppis (ο Puppis) is candidate binary star system in the southern constellation of Puppis. It is visible to the naked eye, having a combined apparent visual magnitude of +4.48. Based upon an annual parallax shift of 2.30 mas as seen from Earth, it is located roughly 1,400 light years from the Sun.
This is a suspected close spectroscopic binary system. The spectrum varies with a periodicity of 28.9 days, and a helium emission component shows a radial velocity variation that matches the period. The properties indicate it may be a φ Per-like system with a Be star primary and a hot subdwarf companion of type sdO. If this is the case, then the pair have a circular orbit with a period that matches the variability. The close-orbiting pair may have undergone interaction in the past, leaving the subdwarf stripped down and the primary star spinning rapidly.
ο Puppis is slightly variable. The General Catalogue of Variable Stars lists it as a possible Be star with a magnitude range of 4.43 - 4.46. The International Variable Star Index classifies it as a Lambda Eridani variable.

## Naming

The correct Bayer designation for ο Puppis has been debated. Lacaille assigned one Greek letter sequence for the bright stars of Argo Navis. These Lacaille designations are now shared across the three modern constellations of Carina, Puppis, and Vela so that (except for omicron) each Greek letter is found in only one of the three. However, ο (omicron) is now commonly used for two stars, one each in Vela and Puppis. In the Coelum Australe Stelliferum itself, this star is labelled (Latin) o Argus in puppi (Pouppe du Navire in the French edition), while ο Velorum is labelled ο (omicron) Argus (du Navire in the French edition). Some later authors state the reverse, that Lacaille actually assigned omicron to ο Puppis and Latin lower case 'o' to ο Velorum. Modern catalogs and atlases generally use omicron for both stars.
In Chinese, 弧矢 (Hú Shǐ), meaning Bow and Arrow, refers to an asterism consisting of ο Puppis, δ Canis Majoris, η Canis Majoris, HD 63032, HD 65456, k Puppis, ε Canis Majoris, κ Canis Majoris and π Puppis. Consequently, ο Puppis itself is known as 弧矢五 (Hú Shǐ wǔ, English: the Fifth Star of Bow and Arrow.)
# Umshini wami

"Umshini wami", also known as "Awuleth' Umshini Wami" (English, Bring My Machine [Gun]), is a Nguni language struggle song used formerly by members of Umkhonto we Sizwe, the military wing of the African National Congress during the struggle against Apartheid in South Africa with machine allegedly referencing machine gun. Nowhere in the song is the term "machine gun" used, but the reference is strong. Most recently, the song is identified with the persona of Jacob Zuma, the ex President of South Africa, and is often sung at rallies which involve him and his supporters, including the ANC Youth League.

## Lyrics

| Zulu | English |
| Umshini wami mshini wami [lead] Kawuleth'umshini wami [follower] Umshini wami mshini wami Kawuleth'umshini wami Umshini wami mshini wami Kawuleth'umshini wami Kawuleth'umshini wami Wen'uyang'ibambezela [lead] Umshini wami, kawuleth'umshini wami [follower] | My machine my machine Please bring my machine My machine my machine Please bring my machine My machine my machine Please bring my machine Please bring my machine You're pulling me back My machine, please bring my machine |

## Popularity and controversy

In October 2006, the song was made available by Zuma's defence fund as a ringtone on its website. The song has gained controversy in 21st-century South Africa because of its association with the violence of the apartheid period, and is seen as misplaced by some people because of the rise in violent crime throughout the country since the current multiracial order began in 1994. In 2008, Zuma expressed displeasure when the song was sung by violent, xenophobic mobs.
In 2011 Die Antwoord released a short film titled Umshini Wam, that was written and directed by Harmony Korine, who also wrote the screenplay for Larry Clark's feature film Kids. The 16-minute short features Ninja and Yo-Landi Visser of Die Antwoord as a disabled couple who are passionate fans of "gangsta rap" and use wheelchairs for mobility.
# Gyrothyra

Gyrothyraceae is a family of liverworts belonging to the order Jungermanniales. The family consists of only one genus: Gyrothyra.
# Mama Uka

Chukwueze Odinaka (born 18 August 1991) professionally known as Mama Uka is a Nigerian comedian and content creator who shoots comedy using the guise of an elderly woman.

## Early life / Education

Mama Uka was born on 18 August 1991 in Amachalla, Enugu-Ezike in Igbo Eze North local government area of Enugu State where he attended his primary and secondary education before proceeding to Institute of Management and Technology, Enugu (IMT) where he obtained a degree in Computer Science. He is the second to the last child of his family.

## Career

Mama Uka who is regarded as a "leading figure in the Nigerian comedy industry" uses Facebook as his main outlet while dressing like an elderly woman. Mama Uka, who is also a singer and producer, started his comedic acts in 2016 while a student at IMT, Enugu and cites Lasisi Elenu and Tyler Perry as his role model. He has over 2.8million followers on facebook. His comedy lines tackled everyday situations.

## Personal life

Mama Uka has a daughter with Dera whom he broke up with on 14 February 2022. His baby Mama frustrates his efforts build their love affairs into marriage. She disappeared when he was on his way to propose to her 8 years ago. He has been with her since 2015. He went to Enugu on February 14, 2022 to propose to her but she wasn't around. He traced her to Ntachi Osa (food joint) and caught her with another guy.