OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Ghar-ilchi

Ghar-ilchi (Chinese: 曷撷支 Hexiezhi, also transliterated as Ko-chieh-chih, 653-661 CE) was, according to Chinese and Arab sources, a local king of Kapisi and the twelfth and last known ruler of the Nezak Huns. Ghar-ilchi may have been the last member of a local "Khingal dynasty" founded by Khingila, the Alchon Hun ruler.

## Chinese confirmation

In the Chinese annals of 658 CE Ghar-ilchi appears as "Hexiezhi" (Chinese: 曷撷支, reconstructed from Old Chinese: *γarγär-tśiě < *ghar-ilči), reconstructed as the Turkic "Ghar-ilchi" (*Qarγïlacï, 653-c.665 CE), 12th king of his dynasty from the founder "Xinnie" (馨孽, reconstructed from Old Chinese: *xäŋ-ŋär < *henger < Khingar/ Khingal):
   In the third year of the Xianqing reign [658 CE], when [Tang envoys] investigated the customs of this state, people said: "From Xinnie, the founder of the royal house, up to the present [King] Hexiezi, the throne has been passed from father to son, [and by now] there have been twelve generations. In the same year, the city was established as Xiuxian Area Command
Ghar-ilchi was formally installed as king of Jibin (former Kapisi/ Kabulistan) by the Chinese Tang dynasty emperor in 653 CE, and again as Governor of Jibin under the newly formed Chinese Anxi Protectorate, the "Protectorate of the Western Regions", in 661 CE.

## Arab invasion (665 CE)

In 665 CE, general Abd al-Rahman ibn Samura launched an expedition to Arachosia and Zabulistan, capturing Bost and other cities. Kabul was occupied in 665 CE after a siege of a few months. Kabul soon revolted but was reoccupied after a month-long siege. Abd al-Rahman's capture and plunder of Kabul mortally weakened the rule of Ghar-ilchi. Ghar-ilchi, following his defeat, apparently was spared his life upon converting to Islam.
The powerful Turkic prince Barha Tegin took this opportunity to capture Kabul, and, according to the 726 CE account of the Korean monk Hyecho who visited the region, the ruler of Kabul (Kapisa), probably Ghar-ilchi, was eventually killed by the Turkic prince:
   From Kashmir I travelled further northwest. After one month's journey across the mountains I arrived at the country of Gandhara. The king and military personnel are all Turks. The natives are Hu people; there are Brahmins. The country was formerly under the influence of the king of Kapisa. A-yeh (阿耶), the Turkish prince, took a defeated calvalry and allied himself to the king of Kapisa. Later, when the Turkish force was strong, the prince assassinated the king of Kapisa and declared himself king. Thereafter, the territory from this country to the north was all ruled by the Turkish king, who also resided in the country.

## Rise of the Turk Shahis (665-666 CE)

Ghar-ilchi was succeeded by Barha Tegin, who took the throne in 665-666 CE and founded the dynasty of the Turk Shahis.
# Eulophinae

Eulophinae is a subfamily of wasps in the family Eulophidae which includes over 90 genera.

## Genera

The genera included in Eulophinae are:
* Alibertia Risbec, 1951
* Alophomorphella Girault, 1913
* Alophomyia Ashmead, 1904
* Alveoplectrus Wijesekara and Schauff, 1997
* Anumanniola Narendran, 2003
* Arachnolophus Kamijo, 1996
* Aroplectrus Lin, 1963
* Ascotolinx Girault, 1913
* Aulogymnus Förster, 1851
* Austeulophus Boucek, 1988
* Boucekiola Narendran, 2005
* Cirrospiloidelleus Girault, 1913
* Cirrospilus Westwood, 1832
* Clotildiella Erdös, 1964
* Cobarus Boucek, 1988
* Colpoclypeus Lucchese, 1941
* Cristelacher Schauff and LaSalle, 1993
* Dahlbominus Hincks, 1945
* Dasyeulophus Schauff and LaSalle, 1993
* Dermatopelte Erdös and Novicky, 1951
* Deutereulophus Schulz, 1904
* Diaulinopsis Crawford, 1912
* Diaulomorpha Ashmead, 1900
* Dichatomus Förster, 1878
* Dicladocerus Westwood, 1832
* Diglyphomorpha Ashmead, 1904
* Diglyphomorphomyia Girault, 1913
* Diglyphus Walker, 1844
* Dimmockia Ashmead, 1904
* Dineulophus De Santis, 1985
* Elachertomorpha Ashmead, 1904
* Elachertus Spinola, 1811
* Elasmus Westwood, 1833
* Eulophinusia Girault, 1913
* Eulophomorpha Dodd, 1915
* Eulophomyia De Santis, 1957
* Eulophus Geoffroy, 1762
* Euplectromorpha Girault, 1913
* Euplectrophelinus Girault, 1913
* Euplectrus Westwood, 1832
* Eupronotius Boucek, 1988
* Eurycephaloplectrus Wijesekara and Schauff, 1997
* Gallowayia Boucek, 1988
* Gattonia Boucek, 1988
* Ginsiella Erdös, 1951
* Grotiusomyia Girault, 1917
* Hamonia Risbec, 1957
* Hayatiola Narendran, 2006
* Hemiptarsenus Westwood, 1833
* Hoplocrepis Ashmead, 1890
* Hyssopus Girault, 1916
* Melittobiopsis Timberlake, 1926
* Meruacesa Koçak and Kemal, 2009
* Metaplectrus Ferrière, 1941
* Microlycus Thomson, 1878
* Miotropis Thomson, 1878
* Mohaniella Khan, 1995
* Naumanniola Boucek, 1988
* Necremnoides Girault, 1913
* Necremnus Thomson, 1878
* Nesympiesis Boucek, 1988
* Notanisomorphella Girault, 1913
* Noyesius Boucek, 1988
* Ogmoelachertus Schauff, 2000
* Oxycantha Surekha and Ubaidillah, 1996
* Paraolinx Ashmead, 1894
* Pauahiana Yoshimoto, 1965
* Perinetia Risbec, 1952
* Petiolacus Boucek, 1988
* Platyplectrus Ferrière, 1941
* Pnigalio Schrank, 1802
* Propodeochertus Narendran, 2011
* Pseudiglyphus Girault, 1915
* Pseudiglyphus Girault, 1915
* Renaniana Girault, 1931
* Rhicnopelte Förster, 1878
* Ryhonos Boucek, 1988
* Semielacher Boucek, 1988
* Setelacher Boucek, 1988
* Seyrigina Risbec, 1952
* Skoka Boucek, 1988
* Stenomesius Westwood, 1833
* Stenopetius Boucek, 1988
* Sureshanella Narendran, 2011
* Sympiesis Förster, 1856
* Sympiesomorpha Ashmead, 1904
* Tooloomius Boucek, 1988
* Trichospilus Ferrière, 1930
* Trielacher Boucek, 1988
* Tylomischus De Santis, 1972
* Xanthella Moczár, 1950
* Zagrammosoma Ashmead, 1904
* Zasympiesis Boucek, 1988
* Zealachertus Boucek, 1978
# Hegmataneh Rural District

Hegmataneh Rural District (Persian: دهستان هگمتانه) is in the Central District of Hamadan County, Hamadan province, Iran. It is administered from the city of Juraqan.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the rural district's population was 22,813 in 5,624 households. There were 34,889 inhabitants in 8,568 households at the following census of 2011. The 2016 census measured the population of the rural district as 35,653 in 9,458 households. The most populous of its 14 villages was Qasemabad, with 8,125 people.
# Jacksonia forrestii

Jacksonia forrestii, commonly known as broom bush, is a species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae and is endemic to the north-west of Australia. It is an erect, slender, weeping shrub or tree with sharply pointed phylloclades, yellow to yellow-orange flowers without markings, and woody, hairy pods.

## Description

Jacksonia forrestii is an erect, slender, weeping shrub or tree that typically grows up to 1–5 m (3 ft 3 in – 16 ft 5 in) high and 1–2 m (3 ft 3 in – 6 ft 7 in) wide, its branches greyish green and ribbed. Its end branches are sharply-pointed phylloclades, its leaves reduced to narrowly egg-shaped to egg-shaped, reddish brown scales, 0.5–1.8 mm (0.020–0.071 in) long and 0.35–1.0 mm (0.014–0.039 in) wide. The flowers are densely arranged near the ends of branches on a straight pedicel 1.3–2.0 mm (0.051–0.079 in) long. There are egg-shaped bracteoles 0.4–0.9 mm (0.016–0.035 in) long and 0.2–0.6 mm (0.0079–0.0236 in) wide on the pedicels. The floral tube is 0.8–1.4 mm (0.031–0.055 in) long and the sepals are membranous, the upper lobes 1.7–2.7 mm (0.067–0.106 in) long and 1.2–1.7 mm (0.047–0.067 in) wide, the lower lobes longer but narrower. The flowers are yellow to yellow-orange without markings, the standard petal 3.6–4.5 mm (0.14–0.18 in) long and 3.6–4.3 mm (0.14–0.17 in) wide, the wings 3.6–3.8 mm (0.14–0.15 in) long, and the keel is 2.8–3.3 mm (0.11–0.13 in) long. The filaments of the stamens are green, 2.0–3.2 mm (0.079–0.126 in) long. Flowering occurs from March to November, and the fruit is a woody, hairy, elliptic pod, 3.0–5.4 mm (0.12–0.21 in) long and 1.4–1.5 mm (0.055–0.059 in) wide.

## Taxonomy

Jacksonia forrestii was first formally described in 1887 by Ferdinand von Mueller in the Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales from specimens collected by Alexander Forrest. The specific epithet (forrestii) honours the collector of the type specimens.

## Distribution and habitat

This species of Jacksonia grows in woodland with a grassy understorey and is widespread in the eastern Kimberley of Western Australia and low-lying areas in the western Northern Territory.

## Conservation status

Jacksonia forrestii is listed as "not threatened" by the Government of Western Australia Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions and of "least concern" under the Northern Territory Territory Parks and Wildlife Conservation Act.
# USNS Apalachicola

USNS Apalachicola (T-EPF-13) is the thirteenth Spearhead-class expeditionary fast transport and operated by the United States Navy's Military Sealift Command. It is the second ship in naval service named after Apalachicola, Florida.
Austal USA has secured a contract from the US Department of Defense to carry out the detailed design, procurement, production implementation, and demonstration of autonomous capability in Expeditionary Fast Transport (EPF) vessel 13 Apalachicola.
# Cremnoceramus

Cremnoceramus ("cremno-" = kremnos [Greek]: precipice or over hanging wall or bank; "ceramus" = keramos [Greek]: clay pot) is an extinct genus of fossil marine pteriomorphian bivalves that superficially resembled the related winged pearly oysters of the extant genus Pteria. They lived from the Turonian to the Maastrichtian of the Late Cretaceous.

## Description

Cremnoceramus were facultatively mobile, blind, suspension feeding bivalves with low-magnesium calcite shells. Inoceramids, like the Cremnoceramus in particular, had thick shells composed of particular "prisms" of calcite deposited perpendicular to the surface, and unweathered fossils commonly preserve the mother-of-pearl luster the shells had in life. Compared to the many examples of broad and flattened Inoceramidae, Cremnoceramus shells are rather "high-walled", deep bowl-shaped. The top shell is commonly encrusted with oysters.

## Species

The following species are recognized:
* C. crassus
* C. deformis
* C. inconstans
* C. rotundatus
* C. waltersdorfensis

## Biostratigraphic significance

The first appearance of the species Cremnoceramus rotundatus marks the beginning of the Coniacian stage.

## Distribution

Fossils of the genus have been found in:
* Gosau Formation, Austria
* Cotinguiba Formation, Brazil
* Pointe-Noire, Congo-Brazzaville
* Jicin, the Czech Republic
* Arnager Limestone Formation, Denmark
* Craie de Villedieu Formation, France
* Germany
* Anaipadi Formation, India
* Tongobury, Madagascar
* Austin Group, Mexico
* Sant Corneli and El Zadorra Formation, Spain
* Lewes Nodular Chalk Formation, the United Kingdom
* Niobrara Formation, New Mexico, United States

## Gallery

Note the oyster encrustation of the top shells:
* Horizontal section of articulated C. deformis (Fort Hays ls.)
* Lateral section of articulated C. deformis (Fort Hays ls.)
* Lateral section of articulated C. deformis (Fort Hays ls.)
* Horizontal section of articulated C. deformis (Fort Hays ls.)
# Olinga (album)

Olinga is an album by vibraphonist Milt Jackson recorded in 1974 and released on the CTI label.

## Reception

The Allmusic review by Scott Yanow awarded the album 3 stars stating "this set features vibraphonist Milt Jackson with some of his favorite musicians... The performances are pretty straight-ahead for CTI... Although Cedar Walton does not sound as formidable on electric piano as on acoustic and the other solos overall are a bit safe, this is a nice album".
Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |

## Track listing

All compositions by Milt Jackson except where noted
* "Olinga" (Dizzy Gillespie) - 3:47
* "Re-Rev" (Jimmy Heath, Jackson) - 6:08
* "The Metal Melter" (Heath, Jackson) - 6:19
* "The Steel Bender" - 5:27
* "Lost April" (Eddie DeLange, Emil Newman, Hubert Spencer) - 4:35
* "I'm Not So Sure" (Cedar Walton) - 8:35
* "The Metal Melter" [alternate take] (Heath, Jackson) - 6:13 Bonus track on CD reissue
* "The Steel Bender" [alternate take] - 5:10 Bonus track on CD reissue
* Recorded at Van Gelder Studio in Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey on January 9 & 10, 1974

## Personnel

* Milt Jackson – vibes
* Jimmy Heath – soprano saxophone
* Cedar Walton – piano
* Ron Carter – bass
* Mickey Roker – drums
* Arnold Black, Harry Cykman, Max Ellen, Emanuel Green, Harold Kohon, Harry Lookofsky, David Nadien, Irving Spice – violin (tracks 1 & 5)
* Jesse Levy, Charles McCracken, George Ricci, Alan Shulman – cello (tracks 1 & 5)
* Bob James – arranger, conductor (tracks 1 & 5)
# The Shadows (podcast)

The Shadows is a six episode romantic comedy audio drama podcast created by Kaitlin Prest and produced by the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. The show debuted on September 25, 2018 and featured performances by Kaitlin Prest and Terry Gross. The show won a New York Festivals Radio Award and a Digital Publishing Award.

## Background

The podcast is a six episode romantic comedy audio drama. The show was written and directed by Kaitlin Prest. The show was produced by Phoebe Wang and features Terry Gross. The show was produced by the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. After The Heart ended in 2017 Prest began releasing snippets of audio hinting at creating a new show. The podcast debuted the following yeari on September 25, 2018. The show contains sexually explicit audio.
The show follows a fictional Kaitlin Prest as she explores various futures where she has different relationships. The story is loosely based on Prest's real life and some of the script was taken from her diary. In this fictional universe Prest is a puppeteer in Montreal who meets and develops a relationship with another puppeteer named Charlie. Prest started a company called Mermaid Palace that creates audio fiction.
James Kim wrote in LAist that the show is "beautifully intimate and uses audio as an art form." Rebecca Seidel wrote in LA Review of Books Podcast Review that the show "pushes into new artistic terrain". The show was a Bronze Radio Winner at the New York Festivals Radio Awards. The show won gold in the fiction category at the 2019 Digital Publishing Awards.
# Flea Market Cup

The Flea Market Cup is a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It is part of the ATP Challenger Tour. The tournament, which started in 2005, was held in Busan, South Korea during 2003–08, and the location has been moved to Chuncheon in 2009.

## Past finals
### Singles

| Year | Champion | Runner-up | Score |
| 2010 | Not Held | Not Held | Not Held |
| 2009 | Lu Yen-hsun | Igor Sijsling | 6–2, 6–3 |
| 2008 | Ivo Minář | Alex Bogomolov Jr. | 6–0, 2–0 retired |
| 2007 | Ivo Minář | Viktor Troicki | 7–6(2), 6–7(7), 6–3 |
| 2006 | Danai Udomchoke | Paul Goldstein | 6–2, 6–0 |
| 2005 | Björn Phau | Simon Greul | 6–1, 6–2 |
| 2004 | Alexander Peya | Lu Yen-hsun | 6–3, 5–7, 6–3 |
| 2003 | Kim Young-jun | Tasuku Iwami | 6–3, 4–1, ret. |

### Doubles

| Year | Champions | Runners-up | Score |
| 2010 | Not Held | Not Held | Not Held |
| 2009 | Andis Juška Dmitri Sitak | Lee Hsin-han Yang Tsung-hua | 3–6, 6–3, 10–2 |
| 2008 | Rik de Voest Ashley Fisher | Johan Brunström Jean-Julien Rojer | 6–2, 2–6, 10–6 |
| 2007 | Rajeev Ram Bobby Reynolds | Rik de Voest Pierre-Ludovic Duclos | 6–0, 6–2 |
| 2006 | Alexander Peya Björn Phau | Sanchai Ratiwatana Sonchat Ratiwatana | 6–7(3), 6–3, 10–6 |
| 2005 | Ashley Fisher Tripp Phillips | Sanchai Ratiwatana Sonchat Ratiwatana | 7–5, 6–3 |
| 2004 | Sanchai Ratiwatana Sonchat Ratiwatana | Satoshi Iwabuchi Tasuku Iwami | 6–7(5), 7–6(1), 6–4 |
| 2003 | Toshihide Matsui Michihisa Onoda | Baek Seung-bok Park Seung-kyu | 6–1, 6–3 |
# HMS M31

HMS M31 was an M29-class monitor of the Royal Navy.
The availability of ten 6 inch Mk XII guns from the Queen Elizabeth-class battleships in 1915 prompted the Admiralty to order five scaled down versions of the M15-class monitors, which had been designed to utilise 9.2 inch guns. HMS M31 and her sisters were ordered from Harland & Wolff, Belfast in March 1915. Launched on 24 June 1915, she was completed in July 1915. Upon completion, HMS M31 was sent to the Mediterranean, and remained there until March, 1919.
In 1916, she defended the port city of Yanbo, in Saudi Arabia, against the Turkish army by providing artillery cover for the Arab rebels. She served from May to September 1919 in support of British and White Russian forces in the White Sea, before returning to England.
In September 1923, HMS M31 was taken in hand for conversion to a minelayer. Equipped to carry 52 mines, she was renamed HMS Melpomene in December 1925. She was assigned to HMS Defiance the Torpedo School at Devonport. In September, 1939 she was converted to a torpedo training vessel, fitted with one 21 inch torpedo tube on the forecastle.
She was renamed HMS Menelaus in 1941, and was finally sold in 1948 and broken up at Llanelly.

## Citations

* ↑ Lawrence, T.E. (1935). Seven Pillars of Wisdom. Garden City: Doubleday, Doran & Company, Inc. pp. 129-130.
# Elmdale Formation

The Elmdale Formation is a geologic formation in Kansas. It preserves fossils dating back to the Carboniferous period.
# USS Cardinal (MHC-60)

USS Cardinal (MHC-60) was the tenth Osprey-class coastal mine hunter in the United States Navy. She was commissioned on 18 October 1997, decommissioned on 7 January 2007 and sold to Egypt.
The ship was commissioned in the Potomac River at Alexandria Virginia.The Ship's Sponsor was Mrs. Richard Gephardt, wife of Congressman Dick Gephardt of Missouri.In attendance at the Commissioning Ceremony was the St. Louis Cardinals baseball player Stan "The Man" Musial.
# 1922 West Tennessee State Normal football team

The 1922 West Tennessee State Normal football team was an American football team that represented West Tennessee State Normal School (now known as the University of Memphis) as an independent during the 1922 college football season. In their first season under head coach Lester Barnard, West Tennessee State Normal compiled a 5–2–3 record.

## Schedule

| Date | Time | Opponent | Site | Result | Attendance |
| September 29 | 10:00 a.m. | Tupelo Military Institute | Tri-State Fair groundsMemphis, TN | W 6–0 | |
| October 6 | 3:15 p.m. | Memphis University School | Russwood ParkMemphis, TN | L 6–7 | |
| October 13 | | at Blytheville High School | Blytheville, AR | T 6–6 | |
| October 14 | | at Wilson High School (AR) | Wilson, AR | T 0–0 | |
| October 21 | | at Arkansas College | Batesville, AR | L 0–13 | |
| October 27 | 3:30 p.m. | Christian Brothers | Hodges FieldMemphis, TN | W 36–0 | 1,000 |
| November 3 | | at Arkansas Normal | Conway, AR | T 0–0 | |
| November 10 | 2:30 p.m. | Southwestern Presbyterian | Russwood ParkMemphis, TN | W 26–0 | |
| November 24 | 2:30 p.m. | Jonesboro Aggies | Russwood ParkMemphis, TN (rivalry) | W 68–0 | |
| November 30 | | at Bethel (TN) | McKenzie, TN | W 26–0 | |
| All times are in Central time |||||||
# Cretasalia

Cretasalia is an extinct genus of prehistoric frogs from Mongolia.
# Joe Madison

Joseph Madison (June 16, 1949 – January 31, 2024), alternatively known as "The Black Eagle" or "Madison", was an American radio talk-show host and activist heard daily on SiriusXM Urban View.

## Early life and education

Madison was a native of Dayton, Ohio and graduated from Roosevelt High School in 1967. He graduated from Washington University in St. Louis in 1971 with a degree in sociology, and also played football for their team. His alma mater also awarded him a WashU Arts & Sciences' Distinguished Alumni Award in 2017 and an Honorary Doctor of Laws degree in 2019. After his death, his hometown of Dayton gave an honorary designation of "Joe Madison Way" to Cowart Avenue, the street he grew up on.

## Career
### Radio career

Madison began his broadcasting career in 1980 at Detroit's WXYZ-AM radio station.
Joining an otherwise white lineup at WWRC-AM in the early 1990s, he developed a crossover appeal handling issues that included race but were aimed at the station's multiracial audience. He left in 1998, after the station fired its talent and changed format, to start an online chat show.

#### WOL and XM Satellite Radio

Madison also worked at WOL-AM, and was placed in syndication on the Radio One Talk Network and its XM satellite channel. He left WOL in 2013.

#### Urban View on Sirius

Madison was heard Mondays through Fridays from 6 am to 10 am on Urban View channel 126, SiriusXM.
On Feb. 25–27, 2015, Joe Madison hosted a record-breaking marathon whereby he talked for 52 hours on his SIRIUS XM talk show. The broadcast is officially registered with the Guinness World Record Organization.

## Political activism

He publicized claims of CIA complicity in moving cocaine into the United States, sought evidence, and promoted legislation to declassify possibly related documents. On October 15, 1996, Madison, Dick Gregory, and John Newman launched a hunger strike to promote this legislation.
A quarter century later, he announced another hunger strike: this time to press for voting rights legislation.

## Personal life

Madison took a DNA test indicating he has ancestry in Sierra Leone and Mozambique. Research done for Finding Your Roots revealed that his great-grandfather was a white man from South Carolina who fought for the Confederates during the American Civil War; and his biological grandfather was included in the Tuskegee syphilis experiment.
Madison lived in Washington, D.C., with his wife Sharon (Sherry) and was a father and grandfather. He earned his bachelor's degree from Washington University in St. Louis.
Madison died of prostate cancer at his home in Washington, D.C. on January 31, 2024, at the age of 74. He was originally diagnosed with cancer in 2009.
# Østergaard

Østergaard is a Danish surname, literally meaning east farm. The double a "aa" is equivalent of å in common nouns and is retained from the pre-1948 orthography in proper nouns only. Notable people with this surname include:

## Østergaard

* Flemming Østergaard (born 1943), Danish businessman
* Morten Østergaard (born 1976), Danish politician
* Niki Østergaard (born 1988), Danish road racing cyclist
* Søren Østergaard (born 1957), Danish film, television and stage actor
* Ulrich Østergaard (born 1981), Danish speedway rider

## Ostergaard

* Geoffrey Ostergaard (1926–1990), political scientist and anarcho-pacifist
* Henrik Ostergaard (1968–2011), Danish-born guitarist/vocalist and founder of rock band Dirty Looks
# Emigrant Springs Formation

The Emigrant Springs Formation is a geologic formation in Nevada. It preserves fossils dating back to the Cambrian period.