OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Selection Grade Municipalities

In the Indian state of Tamil Nadu, towns with high population and high revenue are divided into Municipalities next to Municipalities. Government officials are appointed by the government as municipal commissioners for these municipalities. Municipal councilors are elected by the people from the wards under this municipality. The City Council President is elected from among these City Council members. After him, he is selected as the deputy chairman of the city council. According to the resolutions passed in the municipal council meetings held by the members of the city council, the commissioner executes those tasks with the officers and employees under him. There are a total of 148 municipalities in Tamil Nadu.
These are classified into Special Grade, Selection Grade, First Grade, Second Grade and third level. All these municipalities are functioning under the office of Municipal Administrative Commissioner of Tamil Nadu.
They are classified on the basis of annual income. They are divided under 5 classifications namely Special Grade Municipalities, Selection Grade Municipalities, First Grade Municipalities, Second Grade Municipalities and Third Stage Municipalities.

## Classification

If the annual income exceeds an average of Rs.10 crore they are classified as Corporation (a) Special Grade Municipalities,y, if the income is above Rs.6 crore and not exceeding Rs.10 crore they are as Selection Grade Municipalities, and if the income is above Rs.4 crore and not exceeding Rs.6 crore they are First Grade Municipalities, those earning up to Rs.4 crores and less are classified as Second Grade Municipalities and those below that are classified as Third Level Municipalities.
Municipalities are classified into four categories based on their annual income:
Classification of municipalities :
| Classification | Annual Income | Count |
| Special Grade | Exceeding Rs.10 Crore | 16 |
| Selection Grade | Between Rs. 6 to 10 Crore | 29 |
| Grade I | Between Rs. 4 to 6 Crore | 31 |
| Grade II | Below Rs. 4 Crore | 62 |
Their elected representatives include ward councilors and a presiding officer, Municipal Chairperson. Municipal Commissioner is the executive authority. As of 2024, there are 138 municipalities in the state.
# SN 2022jli

SN 2022jli is a Type Ic supernova discovered in 2022 in the spiral galaxy NGC 157 at a distance of about 23 Mpc. The light curve of the supernova exhibited oscillations that are interpreted as an interaction of a companion star of the star that exploded with a compact object, probably a neutron star or a black hole.

## Discovery

SN 2022jli was discovered by astronomer Libert Monard [it] at Kleinkaroo Observatory, who reported it to the Transient Name Server (TNS) on May 5, 2022, as AT 2022jli. The supernova was offset 35.2″ north and 15.88″ west of the NGC 157 galactic core. It was independently detected by the Asteroid Terrestrial-impact Last Alert System (ATLAS) survey on May 16, 2022, and given the internal name ATLAS22oat. Due to an initial astrometric error in the TNS report, ATLAS incorrectly registered it as a separate object AT 2022jzy. This duplication was later removed from TNS records to confirm both discoveries as the same supernova SN 2022jli.
Another supernova found in NGC 157 is SN 2009em.

## Observations

Photometry of SN 2022jli was obtained by the Zwicky Transient Facility (internal name ZTF22aapubuy), ESA's Gaia space telescope (internal name Gaia22cbu), ASAS-SN, Liverpool Telescope, Las Cumbres Observatory, and the Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory. A single radio observation was made with MERLIN.
The extensive photometric observations reveal periodic undulations or bumps in the declining light curve with a period of 12.5 ± 0.2 days. This repeating pattern of oscillations is observed across multiple filters and instruments over many cycles, the first unambiguous detection of periodicity in a supernova light curve. SN 2022jli displays an extreme early excess in luminosity that declines over about 25 days before rising to the main peak. The total rise time to maximum brightness is ≥59 days, much longer than typical for stripped-envelope core-collapse supernovae. At peak luminosity of 10^42.1 erg/s, SN 2022jli is within the normal brightness range for Type Ic supernovae. Simple light curve modeling indicates a large ejecta mass around 12 ± 6 solar masses. Spectra show features typical of Type Ic supernovae, with iron, calcium and sodium P Cygni profiles. The velocities derived from Fe II lines are initially high at 8500 km/s but decline slowly over time. The source of the early excess and periodic oscillations is uncertain, but plausible explanations include interaction of the ejecta with circumstellar material or a binary companion star. The periodicity may arise from concentric shells of CSM or repeated episodes of accretion onto a compact object.
# Zakręty, Masovian Voivodeship

Zakręty is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Maciejowice, within Garwolin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. The nearest Airport is Gdansk Lech Walesa Airport.
# Megaselia

Megaselia is a genus of flies in the family Phoridae.
# Ksenia, Fedor's Beloved Wife

Ksenia, Fedor's Beloved Wife (Russian: Ксения, любимая жена Фёдора) is a 1974 Soviet drama film directed by Vitaliy Melnikov.

## Plot

The film tells about the love, complex relationships and human generosity that everyone needs.

## Cast

* Alla Meshcheryakova as Kseniya Ivanova
* Stanislav Lyubshin as Fyodor Petrov
* Lev Durov as Sidorov
* Lyudmila Zaytseva as Valentina
* Vasiliy Merkurev as Personnel Director
* Azat Sherents
* Vladimir Tatosov as Kondratyev
* Lorents Arushanyan as Reporter
* Armen Khostikyan
* Oleg Belov as Worker in a Canteen
# Tage Johnson

Anders Olof Tage Johnson (25 March 1878 – 30 September 1950) was a Swedish rower who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics.
He was the bowman of the Swedish boat Göteborgs which was eliminated in the quarter-finals of the men's coxed fours, inriggers tournament.
# Craig House

Craig House or Craig Farm may refer to:

## Places
### United Kingdom

* Craig House, Edinburgh, Scotland; a 16th-century structure formerly housing the 20th-century Craig House Hospital
* Craighouse, Jura, Argyll and Bute, Scotland

### United States

* Craig House (New Jersey), Freehold, NJ, on the grounds of Monmouth Battlefield State Park
* Craig-Bryan House, Bentonville, AR, listed on the NRHP in Arkansas
* Craig Mansion, Phoenix, AZ, listed on the NRHP in Arizona
* Robert Craig Plantation, Lawrenceville, GA, listed on the NRHP in Georgia
* William Houston Craig House, Noblesville, IN, listed on the NRHP in Indiana
* Spears-Craig House, Danville, KY, listed on the NRHP in Kentucky
* Newton Craig House and Penitentiary Buildings Complex, Georgetown, KY, listed on the NRHP in Kentucky
* Craig-Flowers House, Vicksburg, MS, listed on the NRHP in Mississippi
* Craig-Seay House, Como, MS, listed on the NRHP in Mississippi
* Craig Farmstead, Gastonia, NC, listed on the NRHP in North Carolina
* Reinhardt-Craig House, Kiln and Pottery Shop, Vale, NC, listed on the NRHP in North Carolina
* Craig House (Lancaster, South Carolina), listed on the NRHP in South Carolina
* Mrs. Edward B. Craig House, Forest Hills, TN, listed on the NRHP in Tennessee
* Craig-Beasley House, Franklin, TN, listed on the NRHP in Tennessee
* Craig Family Farm, Linden, TN, listed on the NRHP in Tennessee
* Heard-Craig House, McKinney, TX, listed on the NRHP in Texas
* Payne-Craig House, Janesville, WI, listed on the NRHP in Wisconsin

## People

* Craig House (baseball) (born 1977), former pitcher in Major League Baseball

## Other uses

* House of Craig, an Australian fashion house operated by Keri Craig-Lee
# Gustav de Vries

Gustav de Vries (22 January 1866 – 16 December 1934) was a Dutch mathematician, who is best remembered for his work on the Korteweg–de Vries equation with Diederik Korteweg. He was born on 22 January 1866 in Amsterdam, and studied at the University of Amsterdam with the distinguished physical chemist Johannes van der Waals and with Korteweg. While doing his doctoral research De Vries supported himself by teaching at the Royal Military Academy in Breda (1892-1893) and at the "cadettenschool" in Alkmaar (1893-1894). Under Korteweg's supervision De Vries completed his doctoral dissertation: Bijdrage tot de kennis der lange golven, (Contributions to the knowledge of long waves) Acad. proefschrift, Universiteit van Amsterdam, 1894, 95 pp, Loosjes, Haarlem. The following year Korteweg and De Vries published the research paper On the Change of Form of Long Waves advancing in a Rectangular Canal and on a New Type of Long Stationary Waves, Philosophical Magazine, 5th series, 39, 1895, pp. 422–443. In 1894 De Vries worked as a high school teacher at the "HBS en Handelsschool" in Haarlem, where he remained until his retirement in 1931. He died in Haarlem on 16 December 1934. The Korteweg-de Vries Institute for Mathematics is named after him.
# Rudolph Dittrich

Rudolph Dittrich (23 December 1850 in Breslau – 19 December 1922 in Breslau) was a German entomologist specialising in Coleoptera and Hymenoptera. His Hymenoptera collection is in the Museum of Natural History Wroclaw University.
Dittrich worked also in the field of cecidology (studying plant galls) and edited the exsiccata work Herbarium cecidiologicum together with Ferdinand Albin Pax and later with F.A. Pax and Alexander von Lingelsheim.

## Works

Partial List
* Verzeichnis der bisher in Schlesien aufgefunden Hymenopteren. I. Apidae. Zeitschr. Entom. N.F (Breslau) 28: 19-54 (1903)
* Hymenopterologische Bemerkungen. III. Ein Beitrag zum Wirtzeichnis derIchneumoniden. Jahresh. Schles. Insektenkunde.2,38-46 (1909)
* Verzeichnis der bisher in Schlesien aufgefunden Hymenopteren. III. Rapacia. Jahr. Ver. Schles. Ins. Breslau, 4: 15-34
* Verzeichnis der bisher in Schlesien aufgefunden Hymenopteren. I. Apidae. Zeitschr. Entom. N.F (Breslau) 28: 19-54 (1911)
* Chalicodoma muraria F. in einem Steinbuch der Umgegend von Frankenstein. Jahr. Ver. Schles. Ins. Breslau, 14: 6
* Verzeichnis der bisher in Schlesien aufgefunden Hymenopteren. I. Apidae. Zeitschr. Entom. N.F (Breslau) 28: 19-54 (1924)
# Yoo Jung-nam

Yoo Jung-nam (also Yu Jeong-nam, Korean: 유 정남; born 12 September 1983) is a South Korean swimmer, who specialized in butterfly events. He represented his nation South Korea at the 2008 Summer Olympics, and has won a career total of four medals (one silver and three bronze) in a major international competition, spanning the 2002 Asian Games and the 2005 East Asian Games. Yoo is also a member of the swimming team and a graduate of physical education at Seoul National University.
Yoo competed for the South Korean swimming team in the men's 200 m butterfly at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing. Leading up to the Games, he topped the field with a time of 2:00.77 to make the FINA B-cut at the Dong-A Swimming Championships in Ulsan. Rallying from sixth at the 150-metre turn in heat two, Yoo put in a late surge on the final lap to edge out the frontrunners Douglas Lennox-Silva of Puerto Rico and Vladan Marković of Serbia by almost a full-body length for the fourth spot in 2:01.00. Yoo failed to advance into the semifinals, as he placed thirty-fourth out of 44 swimmers in the prelims.
# Zalas, Wyszków County

Zalas is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Długosiodło, within Wyszków County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately 5 kilometres (3 mi) south-east of Długosiodło, 20 km (12 mi) north-east of Wyszków, and 72 km (45 mi) north-east of Warsaw.
# Luigj Gurakuqi

Luigj Gurakuqi (19 February 1879 – 2 March 1925), also called Louis Gurakuchi, was an Albanian writer and politician. He was an important figure of the Albanian National Awakening and was honored with the People's Hero of Albania medal.

## Biography
### Early life

Gurakuqi was born to a Catholic family in Shkodër, a vilayet center of the Ottoman Empire at the time, on February 19, 1879. He studied at the Jesuit-run St. Xavier College He was also a poet and published under the pen name Jakin Shkodra and Lekë Gruda. He published articles in Albania, Drita, Kalendari-kombëtar, Liria e Shqipërisë, and La Nazione Albanese.

### Albanian independence

By September 1912, Gurakuqi and Ismail Kemal traveled to Bucharest to consult with the large Albanian diaspora regarding Albanian geopolitical issues.

### Principality of Albania and Noli's Government

In 1924 Gurakuqi was one of the leaders of the revolution that overthrew the regime of Ahmet Zogu and established a democratic government. Fan S. Noli became the new prime minister, while Luigj Gurakuqi was part of the new cabinet as Minister of Economy and Finance.

### Exile and death

After the restoration of the Zogist regime, Gurakuqi lived in Bari, Italy, where he was murdered in a café by Balto Stambolla.
Balto Stambolla was extradited back to his homeland in 1942 during the Italian occupation of Albania, by a personal request from Mustafa Merlika-Kruja. He then ordered the prison guards of Fier to murder Stambolla. This was done in order to avenge Gurakuqi.

## Honors

Luigj Gurakuqi was awarded the titles Hero i Popullit (Hero of the People) and Mësues i Popullit (Teacher of the People). A statue of him stands in the center of Shkodër.
# Aldea Apeleg

Aldea Apeleg is a village and rural municipality that is located in the southwest of the Chubut Province in southern Argentina. According to the Argentine National Institute of Statistics and Census (INDEC), as of 2010 Aldea Apeleg had 126 inhabitants, a 2.3% increase since the 2001 census where 119 inhabitants were recorded.
# Estadio Municipal de La Línea de la Concepción

The Estadio Municipal de La Línea de la Concepción is a 10,800-capacity stadium located in La Línea de la Concepción, Cádiz Province, Spain. It is currently used for football matches and is the home stadium of Real Balompédica Linense.
On 15 October 1969, it hosted Spain's 6–0 win over Finland in the 1970 FIFA World Cup qualification. On 7 June 1984, Spain played a friendly against Yugoslavia at the ground, and lost 0–1. On 21 March 2018, Andorra played a friendly against Liechtenstein, in which the former won 1–0.
In 2024, it hosted Spain under 21's two matches. The first one was a victory over Kazakhstan (4-3) in an official match and the second one was a friendly match against England (0-0).
# Joey Belterman

Joey Belterman (born 18 August 1993 in Ruurlo) is a Dutch footballer who currently plays as a midfielder for RKZVC Zieuwent.

## Club career

Belterman came through the FC Twente youth ranks but made his Eredivisie debut for Heracles in February 2012 against Roda JC. In summer 2014 he moved to Eerste Divisie club FC Den Bosch.
Belterman joined Tweede Divisie side Spakenburg in summer 2016.
# Tadao Ishihata

Tadao Ishihata (born 6 October 1941) is a Japanese speed skater. He competed in two events at the 1968 Winter Olympics.
# Republic Building, Colombo

The Republic Building is the building that houses the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in southern wing and the Cabinet Office in its northern wing. It is located in Colombo Fort in close proximity to the President's House, and it was known as the Senate Building until 1972.

## Building

The building was built during the British colonial era to house the Legislative Council of Ceylon, which was located there until January 29, 1930, when a new building, now called the Old Parliament Building, was built to house the Legislative Council. From then until Ceylon's Independence in 1948, the Republic Building housed several government departments. Following independence, the building hosted the Senate of Ceylon, the Prime Minister's Office, the Cabinet office and the Ministry of External Affairs and Defence. It was renamed the Republic Building in 1972 when Sri Lanka became a republic.
Since 1977, it was used by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs after the Ministry of External Affairs and Defence was split and the Ministry of Defence moved to Echelon square.

## Republic Square

The Republic Building is situated along what was once Queen's Street facing the Gordon Gardens across the road. At the northern end of the building, Queen's Street met Church Street. The section of the road between the Church Street juncture and the Sir Baron Jayathilaka Mawatha Street juncture has been closed off and has since been known as Republic Square. The square is off-limits to the public for security reasons.
# Jai Shri Swaminarayan

This serial is a journey on the life of Swaminarayan, which includes places of worship and temples in India and around the world. The show was written and directed by Mulraj Rajda.
It is probably the most ambitious initiative taken by Acharya Shree Koshalendraprasadji Maharaj of the Narnarayan Dev Gadi, whose idea and initiative this was. The Shri Swaminarayan Mandir, Ahmedabad joined hands with Devang Patel and Devang Patel Entertainment to make this serial.
The serial has been broadcast on the SAB TV network in India and Zee TV network around the world in 2002. DVDs of this series are available on shelves.
In 2009, Ramanand Sagars Sagar Pictures came out with another serial on Swaminarayan, titled Sarvopari Shri Swaminarayan Bhagwaan to run on Colours in India.

## Credits

* Mulraj Rajda - the one who played Janak Raja in the popular television serial Ramayan (TV series), on his own screenplay and dialogue, directed this serial on Swaminarayan with bhajans and kirtans.
* Devang Patel is the producer, music composer and co-director of the serial.
* Maya Govind wrote the lyrics.
* Leading singers such as Anup Jalota, Suresh Wadkar and Nitin Mukesh have sung songs for this serial.
* Vishal Pandey who hails from Kanpur played the lead role of Swaminarayan.
* Karmveer Choudhary as Father
# Aspley State High School

Aspley State High School is a secondary school situated in the northern suburbs of Brisbane, in the Australian state of Queensland. As of August 2023 it has a student population of 1,081.

## History

Aspley State High School opened on 29 January 1963. It was originally to be called Zillmere State High School but was renamed on 17 January 1963 shortly before it opened.

## Events

Aspley High students participate in many events throughout the school year, such as the Swimming Carnival, the Athletics Carnival (field and track events) and the Cross Country.
The student population is split up into four houses.
| House name | Named after |
| Florey | Howard Walter Florey |
| Hinkler | Herbert John Louis Hinkler |
| Melba | Dame Nellie Melba |
| Kenny | Sister Elizabeth Kenny |

## Publications

Aspley High releases a fortnightly newsletter to school members allowing current and recent news to be distributed. In December an annual yearbook named Toora is published. Toora is Aspley's longest running publication, first being released in the school's inaugural year.

## School principals

| 1963–1964 | J. A. Robertson |
| 1964–1975 | C. H. Martin |
| 1976 | B. A. Keogh (acting) |
| 1976–1990 | R. Day |
| 1990–2002 | I. Issacs |
| 2002–2003 | R. Pollock (acting) |
| 2004–2010 | J. Schuh |
| 2011–present | J. Miller |

## Notable alumni

* Mick Doohan (Grand Prix motorcycle road racing world champion)
* Marcia Langton AO FASSA FTSE, Indigenous activist and academic, who was expelled after objecting to racism in a school text, despite being a prefect and good student
* Rosanna Natoli (television presenter and politician)
* Greg Norman (golfer)
* Leigh Sales (ABC journalist and host of 7.30)
* Brad Thorn (Rugby league and rugby union dual international)
# Funk Man (The Stimulus Package)

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Exclaim! | favorable |
| RapReviews.com | 7.5/10 |
Funk Man (The Stimulus Package) is the sixth solo studio album by American hip hop musician Del the Funky Homosapien. It was released through his Bandcamp page for free in 2009. To promote the album, Del released a video on YouTube.

## Critical reception

Thomas Quinlan of Exclaim! gave the album a favorable review, saying: "Despite being a free download, Funk Man has all the style and quality of a professional release, and is arguably his best work since Deltron 3030."
# IG postcode area

The IG postcode area, also known as the Ilford postcode area, is a group of eleven postcode districts in England, within six post towns. These cover parts of eastern Greater London and south-west Essex.

## Postal administration

Inward mail for the area is sorted, along with mail for the E and RM postcode areas, at the Romford Mail Centre.
Chigwell and Buckhurst Hill are covered by Woodford Green Royal Mail Delivery Office

## Coverage

The area served includes much of the London Borough of Redbridge, the western part of the London Borough of Barking and Dagenham, and the southwestern part of the Epping Forest district of Essex, while the western part of IG8 and IG11 covers a small part of the London Borough of Waltham Forest, and the London Borough of Newham.

### List of postcode districts

The approximate coverage of the postcode districts is as follows:
| Postcode district | Post town | Coverage | Local authority area(s) |
| IG1 | ILFORD | Ilford, Cranbrook, Loxford (part) | Redbridge |
| IG2 | ILFORD | Gants Hill, Newbury Park, Aldborough Hatch | Redbridge |
| IG3 | ILFORD | Seven Kings, Goodmayes | Redbridge |
| IG4 | ILFORD | Redbridge | Redbridge |
| IG5 | ILFORD | Clayhall | Redbridge |
| IG6 | ILFORD | Fairlop, Barkingside, Chigwell, Hainault (south) | Redbridge |
| IG7 | CHIGWELL | Chigwell, Chigwell Row, Hainault (north) | Epping Forest, Redbridge |
| IG8 | WOODFORD GREEN | Woodford Green, Woodford Bridge, Highams Park (part) | Redbridge, Waltham Forest |
| IG9 | BUCKHURST HILL | Buckhurst Hill | Epping Forest |
| IG10 | LOUGHTON | Loughton, High Beach (part) | Epping Forest |
| IG11 | BARKING | Barking, Barking Riverside, Beckton (part), Creekmouth, Loxford (part), Thames View, Upney | Barking and Dagenham, Newham, Redbridge |

## Ilford campaign

In 2005, a local businessman named Wilson Chowdhry led a campaign for Ilford's IG1 postcode to be changed to E19. Although Ilford has been part of Greater London since 1965, it is not within the London post town. Chowdhry argued that the IG1 postcode confused customers, and that a London E postcode would help bring more business into Ilford. However, a Royal Mail spokesman said that the campaign had "virtually no hope" of succeeding, as postcodes are only changed for operational reasons.
A similar plea had been raised in the 1970s by Greater London Council politician Serge Lourie, and similarly rejected. Ilford had been part of the original E division of the London postal district from 1857 until 1866.
# Patrick Gordon (footballer)

Patrick Gordon (born 19 February 1870) was a Scottish footballer who played as a midfielder for Liverpool in The Football League. Before playing for Liverpool, Gordon played for their local rivals Everton F.C., he was signed by Liverpool in 1893. Gordon played during the club's first season in the Football League in 1893–94, appearing in 21 of the team's 28 games scoring six goals. He played in the first five matches of the following season before he was transferred to Blackburn Rovers F.C. He replaced James Haydock in the starting line-up and scored two goals in the twelve games he played before his contract was terminated for "refractory conduct."
# Park Hee-jun (karateka)

Park Hee-jun (born March 29, 1994) is a South Korean senior male karateka.
The 24-year-old became the first South Korean to win an Asian Games medal in kata, a non-sparring event in which practitioners demonstrate the Japanese martial art’s patterns and movements. Since karate became an Asiad medal sport, South Korea has won eight bronze medals over the last six Asian Games, all in kumite, a sparring discipline. He placed third in the Karate1 Premier League's 2014 Jakarta tournament.
# Zalesie, Sochaczew County

Zalesie is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Iłów, within Sochaczew County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately 7 kilometres (4 mi) south of Iłów, 18 km (11 mi) west of Sochaczew, and 70 km (43 mi) west of Warsaw.