# 1988 United States presidential election in Missouri

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The 1988 United States presidential election in Missouri took place on November 8, 1988. All 50 states and the District of Columbia, were part of the 1988 United States presidential election. Voters chose 11 electors to the Electoral College, which selected the president and vice president.
Missouri was won by incumbent United States Vice President George H. W. Bush of Texas, who was running against Massachusetts Governor Michael Dukakis. Bush ran with Indiana Senator Dan Quayle as vice president, and Dukakis ran with Texas Senator Lloyd Bentsen.
Missouri weighed in for this election as almost 4% more Democratic than the national average.
The presidential election of 1988 was a very partisan election for Missouri, with more than 99% of the electorate voting for either the Democratic or Republican parties, and only three parties total appearing on the ballot. In typical form for the time, the more rural counties in Missouri turned out for the Republican candidate, while the more populated centers of the city of St. Louis (though, notably, not St. Louis County), and Kansas City, voted overwhelmingly Democratic. As of the 2024 presidential election, this is the last election in which St. Louis County voted for a Republican presidential candidate.
Bush won the election in the battleground state of Missouri by a narrow 4-point margin, far below the margin of victory Reagan achieved just four years earlier. Bush's loss of many northern rural counties, combined with Dukakis's strong performance in the St. Louis city area, resulted in an unusually close result in the state given the national environment. A longtime bellwether state, Missouri voted for the national winner of every presidential election from 1904 to 2004, except 1956.

## Results

1988 United States presidential election in Missouri :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | Percentage | Electoral votes |
| | Republican | George H. W. Bush | 1,084,953 | 51.83% | 11 |
| | Democratic | Michael Dukakis | 1,001,619 | 47.85% | 0 |
| | New Alliance Party | Lenora Fulani | 6,656 | 0.32% | 0 |
| Totals | Totals | Totals | 2,093,228 | 100.0% | 11 |

### Results by county

| County | George H.W. Bush Republican | George H.W. Bush Republican | Michael Dukakis Democratic | Michael Dukakis Democratic | Leonora Fulani New Alliance | Leonora Fulani New Alliance | Margin | Margin | Total votes cast |
| County | # | % | # | % | # | % | # | % | Total votes cast |
| Adair | 5,721 | 61.29% | 3,571 | 38.26% | 42 | 0.45% | 2,150 | 23.03% | 9,334 |
| Andrew | 3,407 | 52.12% | 3,103 | 47.47% | 27 | 0.41% | 304 | 4.65% | 6,537 |
| Atchison | 1,761 | 54.37% | 1,468 | 45.32% | 10 | 0.31% | 293 | 9.05% | 3,239 |
| Audrain | 5,072 | 49.11% | 5,226 | 50.61% | 29 | 0.28% | -154 | -1.50% | 10,327 |
| Barry | 7,231 | 63.00% | 4,210 | 36.68% | 36 | 0.31% | 3,021 | 26.32% | 11,477 |
| Barton | 3,339 | 67.35% | 1,603 | 32.33% | 16 | 0.32% | 1,736 | 35.02% | 4,958 |
| Bates | 3,574 | 51.57% | 3,332 | 48.08% | 24 | 0.35% | 242 | 3.49% | 6,930 |
| Benton | 3,467 | 56.42% | 2,654 | 43.19% | 24 | 0.39% | 813 | 13.23% | 6,145 |
| Bollinger | 2,710 | 58.94% | 1,883 | 40.95% | 5 | 0.11% | 827 | 17.99% | 4,598 |
| Boone | 22,948 | 48.35% | 24,370 | 51.35% | 140 | 0.29% | -1,422 | -3.00% | 47,458 |
| Buchanan | 15,336 | 44.99% | 18,601 | 54.57% | 152 | 0.45% | -3,265 | -9.58% | 34,089 |
| Butler | 7,968 | 58.00% | 5,751 | 41.86% | 19 | 0.14% | 2,217 | 16.14% | 13,738 |
| Caldwell | 2,074 | 54.38% | 1,726 | 45.25% | 14 | 0.37% | 348 | 9.13% | 3,814 |
| Callaway | 6,687 | 56.01% | 5,209 | 43.63% | 42 | 0.35% | 1,478 | 12.38% | 11,938 |
| Camden | 7,773 | 66.10% | 3,930 | 33.42% | 56 | 0.48% | 3,843 | 32.68% | 11,759 |
| Cape Girardeau | 16,583 | 67.53% | 7,904 | 32.19% | 69 | 0.28% | 8,679 | 35.34% | 24,556 |
| Carroll | 2,811 | 54.59% | 2,330 | 45.25% | 8 | 0.16% | 481 | 9.34% | 5,149 |
| Carter | 1,429 | 56.53% | 1,087 | 43.00% | 12 | 0.47% | 342 | 13.53% | 2,528 |
| Cass | 12,799 | 55.75% | 10,092 | 43.96% | 67 | 0.29% | 2,707 | 11.79% | 22,958 |
| Cedar | 2,966 | 62.52% | 1,774 | 37.39% | 4 | 0.08% | 1,192 | 25.13% | 4,744 |
| Chariton | 2,193 | 48.14% | 2,347 | 51.53% | 15 | 0.33% | -154 | -3.39% | 4,555 |
| Christian | 7,670 | 61.66% | 4,724 | 37.97% | 46 | 0.37% | 2,946 | 23.69% | 12,440 |
| Clark | 1,493 | 43.52% | 1,925 | 56.11% | 13 | 0.38% | -432 | -12.59% | 3,431 |
| Clay | 30,293 | 50.26% | 29,620 | 49.15% | 357 | 0.59% | 673 | 1.11% | 60,270 |
| Clinton | 3,282 | 47.15% | 3,653 | 52.48% | 26 | 0.37% | -371 | -5.33% | 6,961 |
| Cole | 18,023 | 68.16% | 8,359 | 31.61% | 59 | 0.22% | 9,664 | 36.55% | 26,441 |
| Cooper | 3,737 | 59.64% | 2,510 | 40.06% | 19 | 0.30% | 1,227 | 19.58% | 6,266 |
| Crawford | 3,856 | 55.19% | 3,107 | 44.47% | 24 | 0.34% | 749 | 10.72% | 6,987 |
| Dade | 2,154 | 61.97% | 1,315 | 37.83% | 7 | 0.20% | 839 | 24.14% | 3,476 |
| Dallas | 2,898 | 55.50% | 2,298 | 44.01% | 26 | 0.50% | 600 | 11.49% | 5,222 |
| Daviess | 1,765 | 50.17% | 1,743 | 49.55% | 10 | 0.28% | 22 | 0.62% | 3,518 |
| DeKalb | 1,863 | 48.48% | 1,970 | 51.26% | 10 | 0.26% | -107 | -2.78% | 3,843 |
| Dent | 2,975 | 54.92% | 2,421 | 44.69% | 21 | 0.39% | 554 | 10.23% | 5,417 |
| Douglas | 3,225 | 64.85% | 1,735 | 34.89% | 13 | 0.26% | 1,490 | 29.96% | 4,973 |
| Dunklin | 5,026 | 48.70% | 5,281 | 51.17% | 13 | 0.13% | -255 | -2.47% | 10,320 |
| Franklin | 16,611 | 58.06% | 11,891 | 41.56% | 108 | 0.38% | 4,720 | 16.50% | 28,610 |
| Gasconade | 4,216 | 72.01% | 1,621 | 27.69% | 18 | 0.31% | 2,595 | 44.32% | 5,855 |
| Gentry | 1,554 | 45.27% | 1,872 | 54.53% | 7 | 0.20% | -318 | -9.26% | 3,433 |
| Greene | 52,211 | 59.36% | 35,475 | 40.33% | 267 | 0.30% | 16,736 | 19.03% | 87,953 |
| Grundy | 2,668 | 56.38% | 2,052 | 43.36% | 12 | 0.25% | 616 | 13.02% | 4,732 |
| Harrison | 2,271 | 55.89% | 1,776 | 43.71% | 16 | 0.39% | 495 | 12.18% | 4,063 |
| Henry | 4,167 | 50.04% | 4,135 | 49.65% | 26 | 0.31% | 32 | 0.39% | 8,328 |
| Hickory | 2,043 | 54.82% | 1,677 | 45.00% | 7 | 0.19% | 366 | 9.82% | 3,727 |
| Holt | 1,583 | 55.54% | 1,258 | 44.14% | 9 | 0.32% | 325 | 11.40% | 2,850 |
| Howard | 1,865 | 43.15% | 2,446 | 56.59% | 11 | 0.25% | -581 | -13.44% | 4,322 |
| Howell | 7,277 | 62.49% | 4,324 | 37.13% | 44 | 0.38% | 2,953 | 25.36% | 11,645 |
| Iron | 1,877 | 45.01% | 2,283 | 54.75% | 10 | 0.24% | -406 | -9.74% | 4,170 |
| Jackson | 107,810 | 42.02% | 147,964 | 57.67% | 793 | 0.31% | -40,154 | -15.65% | 256,567 |
| Jasper | 19,934 | 63.92% | 11,159 | 35.78% | 94 | 0.30% | 8,775 | 28.14% | 31,187 |
| Jefferson | 29,279 | 51.16% | 27,738 | 48.47% | 215 | 0.38% | 1,541 | 2.69% | 57,232 |
| Johnson | 7,512 | 58.14% | 5,373 | 41.58% | 36 | 0.28% | 2,139 | 16.56% | 12,921 |
| Knox | 1,212 | 49.03% | 1,255 | 50.77% | 5 | 0.20% | -43 | -1.74% | 2,472 |
| Laclede | 6,070 | 63.65% | 3,442 | 36.09% | 24 | 0.25% | 2,628 | 27.56% | 9,536 |
| Lafayette | 6,825 | 54.54% | 5,654 | 45.18% | 35 | 0.28% | 1,171 | 9.36% | 12,514 |
| Lawrence | 6,911 | 60.73% | 4,432 | 38.95% | 36 | 0.32% | 2,479 | 21.78% | 11,379 |
| Lewis | 1,803 | 42.20% | 2,460 | 57.57% | 10 | 0.23% | -657 | -15.37% | 4,273 |
| Lincoln | 5,305 | 53.38% | 4,605 | 46.34% | 28 | 0.28% | 700 | 7.04% | 9,938 |
| Linn | 3,061 | 49.15% | 3,150 | 50.58% | 17 | 0.27% | -89 | -1.43% | 6,228 |
| Livingston | 3,462 | 52.88% | 3,077 | 47.00% | 8 | 0.12% | 385 | 5.88% | 6,547 |
| Macon | 3,406 | 51.30% | 3,215 | 48.43% | 18 | 0.27% | 191 | 2.87% | 6,639 |
| Madison | 2,528 | 53.75% | 2,167 | 46.08% | 8 | 0.17% | 361 | 7.67% | 4,703 |
| Maries | 1,919 | 55.14% | 1,552 | 44.60% | 9 | 0.26% | 367 | 10.54% | 3,480 |
| Marion | 5,034 | 47.16% | 5,617 | 52.62% | 23 | 0.22% | -583 | -5.46% | 10,674 |
| McDonald | 3,812 | 61.95% | 2,299 | 37.36% | 42 | 0.68% | 1,513 | 24.59% | 6,153 |
| Mercer | 875 | 49.89% | 877 | 50.00% | 2 | 0.11% | -2 | -0.11% | 1,754 |
| Miller | 5,662 | 68.82% | 2,555 | 31.06% | 10 | 0.12% | 3,107 | 37.76% | 8,227 |
| Mississippi | 2,218 | 43.99% | 2,814 | 55.81% | 10 | 0.20% | -596 | -11.82% | 5,042 |
| Moniteau | 3,502 | 64.30% | 1,936 | 35.55% | 8 | 0.15% | 1,566 | 28.75% | 5,446 |
| Monroe | 1,542 | 38.42% | 2,461 | 61.31% | 11 | 0.27% | -919 | -22.89% | 4,014 |
| Montgomery | 2,714 | 56.66% | 2,064 | 43.09% | 12 | 0.25% | 650 | 13.57% | 4,790 |
| Morgan | 3,958 | 60.13% | 2,604 | 39.56% | 20 | 0.30% | 1,354 | 20.57% | 6,582 |
| New Madrid | 3,387 | 46.99% | 3,812 | 52.89% | 9 | 0.12% | -425 | -5.90% | 7,208 |
| Newton | 10,617 | 64.36% | 5,798 | 35.15% | 82 | 0.50% | 4,819 | 29.21% | 16,497 |
| Nodaway | 4,103 | 48.92% | 4,240 | 50.55% | 44 | 0.52% | -137 | -1.63% | 8,387 |
| Oregon | 1,717 | 45.59% | 2,042 | 54.22% | 7 | 0.19% | -325 | -8.63% | 3,766 |
| Osage | 3,885 | 68.58% | 1,771 | 31.26% | 9 | 0.16% | 2,114 | 37.32% | 5,665 |
| Ozark | 2,404 | 64.21% | 1,329 | 35.50% | 11 | 0.29% | 1,075 | 28.71% | 3,744 |
| Pemiscot | 3,066 | 48.18% | 3,288 | 51.67% | 10 | 0.16% | -222 | -3.49% | 6,364 |
| Perry | 3,836 | 64.08% | 2,136 | 35.68% | 14 | 0.23% | 1,700 | 28.40% | 5,986 |
| Pettis | 9,648 | 63.47% | 5,486 | 36.09% | 66 | 0.43% | 4,162 | 27.38% | 15,200 |
| Phelps | 8,329 | 58.44% | 5,867 | 41.16% | 57 | 0.40% | 2,462 | 17.28% | 14,253 |
| Pike | 3,271 | 46.07% | 3,816 | 53.75% | 13 | 0.18% | -545 | -7.68% | 7,100 |
| Platte | 11,838 | 51.18% | 11,225 | 48.53% | 66 | 0.29% | 613 | 2.65% | 23,129 |
| Polk | 5,030 | 59.39% | 3,419 | 40.37% | 21 | 0.25% | 1,611 | 19.02% | 8,470 |
| Pulaski | 4,642 | 57.22% | 3,446 | 42.48% | 24 | 0.30% | 1,196 | 14.74% | 8,112 |
| Putnam | 1,365 | 62.73% | 803 | 36.90% | 8 | 0.37% | 562 | 25.83% | 2,176 |
| Ralls | 1,494 | 37.44% | 2,489 | 62.38% | 7 | 0.18% | -995 | -24.94% | 3,990 |
| Randolph | 4,384 | 45.22% | 5,291 | 54.57% | 20 | 0.21% | -907 | -9.35% | 9,695 |
| Ray | 3,763 | 43.44% | 4,879 | 56.33% | 20 | 0.23% | -1,116 | -12.89% | 8,662 |
| Reynolds | 1,162 | 38.29% | 1,864 | 61.42% | 9 | 0.30% | -702 | -23.13% | 3,035 |
| Ripley | 2,647 | 57.29% | 1,961 | 42.45% | 12 | 0.26% | 686 | 14.84% | 4,620 |
| St. Charles | 50,005 | 62.90% | 29,286 | 36.84% | 209 | 0.26% | 20,719 | 26.06% | 79,500 |
| St. Clair | 2,312 | 55.27% | 1,864 | 44.56% | 7 | 0.17% | 448 | 10.71% | 4,183 |
| St. Francois | 7,923 | 49.13% | 8,158 | 50.59% | 46 | 0.29% | -235 | -1.46% | 16,127 |
| St. Louis | 262,784 | 54.67% | 216,534 | 45.05% | 1,358 | 0.28% | 46,250 | 9.62% | 480,676 |
| St. Louis City | 40,906 | 26.96% | 110,076 | 72.55% | 732 | 0.48% | -69,170 | -45.59% | 151,714 |
| Ste. Genevieve | 2,532 | 41.08% | 3,612 | 58.60% | 20 | 0.32% | -1,080 | -17.52% | 6,164 |
| Saline | 4,625 | 47.70% | 5,039 | 51.97% | 32 | 0.33% | -414 | -4.27% | 9,696 |
| Schuyler | 1,063 | 51.11% | 1,013 | 48.70% | 4 | 0.19% | 50 | 2.41% | 2,080 |
| Scotland | 1,248 | 52.61% | 1,117 | 47.09% | 7 | 0.30% | 131 | 5.52% | 2,372 |
| Scott | 8,013 | 57.45% | 5,914 | 42.40% | 21 | 0.15% | 2,099 | 15.05% | 13,948 |
| Shannon | 1,696 | 48.46% | 1,796 | 51.31% | 8 | 0.23% | -100 | -2.85% | 3,500 |
| Shelby | 1,586 | 46.54% | 1,818 | 53.35% | 4 | 0.12% | -232 | -6.81% | 3,408 |
| Stoddard | 5,822 | 55.25% | 4,701 | 44.61% | 15 | 0.14% | 1,121 | 10.64% | 10,538 |
| Stone | 5,080 | 63.49% | 2,889 | 36.11% | 32 | 0.40% | 2,191 | 27.38% | 8,001 |
| Sullivan | 1,897 | 54.75% | 1,562 | 45.08% | 6 | 0.17% | 335 | 9.67% | 3,465 |
| Taney | 7,043 | 64.16% | 3,888 | 35.42% | 46 | 0.42% | 3,155 | 28.74% | 10,977 |
| Texas | 4,584 | 53.91% | 3,887 | 45.71% | 32 | 0.38% | 697 | 8.20% | 8,503 |
| Vernon | 4,149 | 54.79% | 3,402 | 44.93% | 21 | 0.28% | 747 | 9.86% | 7,572 |
| Warren | 4,452 | 60.07% | 2,935 | 39.60% | 24 | 0.32% | 1,517 | 20.47% | 7,411 |
| Washington | 3,240 | 46.29% | 3,744 | 53.49% | 16 | 0.23% | -504 | -7.20% | 7,000 |
| Wayne | 2,648 | 51.80% | 2,456 | 48.04% | 8 | 0.16% | 192 | 3.76% | 5,112 |
| Webster | 5,123 | 56.70% | 3,890 | 43.05% | 22 | 0.24% | 1,233 | 13.65% | 9,035 |
| Worth | 677 | 47.98% | 732 | 51.88% | 2 | 0.14% | -55 | -3.90% | 1,411 |
| Wright | 4,151 | 64.92% | 2,232 | 34.91% | 11 | 0.17% | 1,919 | 30.01% | 6,394 |
| Totals | 1,084,953 | 51.83% | 1,001,619 | 47.85% | 6,656 | 0.32% | 83,334 | 3.98% | 2,093,228 |

#### Counties that flipped from Republican to Democratic

* Audrain
* Boone
* Buchanan
* Chariton
* Clark
* Clinton
* DeKalb
* Dunklin
* Gentry
* Howard
* Iron
* Knox
* Lewis
* Linn
* Marion
* Mercer
* Monroe
* New Madrid
* Nodaway
* Pemiscot
* Pike
* Ralls
* Randolph
* Ray
* St. Francois
* St. Genevieve
* Saline
* Shannon
* Shelby
* Washington
* Worth