# List of the prehistoric life of Virginia

This list of the prehistoric life of Virginia contains the various prehistoric life-forms whose fossilized remains have been reported from within the US state of Virginia.

## Precambrian

The Paleobiology Database records no known occurrences of Precambrian fossils in Virginia.

## Paleozoic
### Selected Paleozoic taxa of Virginia

* †Acmarhachis
* †Amplexopora
* †Ampyx
* Fossils of the Carboniferous-Permian bryozoan Archimedes †Archimedes
* †Arthrorhachis
* †Athyris
** †Athyris lamellosa
* †Atrypa
** †Atrypa reticularis
* †Aulopora
* †Aviculopecten
* †Bassleroceras
* †Bellerophon
** †Bellerophon spergensis – tentative report
* †Bimuria
* †Blountiella
* Life restoration of the Late Devonian placoderm fish Bothriolepis †Bothriolepis
* †Bumastus
** †Bumastus lioderma – or unidentified comparable form
* †Callixylon
* †Calymene
* †Calyptaulax
* †Camarotoechia
** †Camarotoechia contracta
* †Campbelloceras
* †Cardiopteris
* †Ceratocephala
* †Ceratopsis
* †Ceraurinella – type locality for genus
* †Ceraurus
* †Chasmatopora
* †Chonetes
** †Chonetes chesterensis
** †Chonetes novascoticus
* †Christiania
* Assemblage of fossilized shells of the Ordovician brachiopod Cincinnetina †Cincinnetina
** †Cincinnetina meeki
** †Cincinnetina multisecta
* †Clarkoceras – tentative report
* †Cleiothyridina
** †Cleiothyridina sublamellosa – or unidentified comparable form
* †Climacograptus
* †Coleoloides
* †Columnaria
* †Composita
** †Composita subquadrata – or unidentified comparable form
* †Conocardium
* †Constellaria
* †Coosia
* †Coosina
* †Cornulites
** †Cornulites flexuosus – or unidentified comparable form
* †Craniops
* †Crepicephalus
* †Cryptophragmus
* Restoration of the Cambrian-Middle Devonian nautiloid cephalopod Cyrtoceras †Cyrtoceras
* †Cyrtospirifer
* †Cystodictya
** †Cystodictya lineata
* †Dakeoceras
* †Dalmanites – or unidentified comparable form
* †Diplograptus
* †Echinosphaerites
* †Edmondia
* †Encrinuroides
* †Eophacops
* †Epiphyton
* Illustration with inset cross-section diagrams of the Cambrian sponge Ethmophyllum †Ethmophyllum
* †Favosites
* †Fletcheria – tentative report
* †Flexicalymene
** †Flexicalymene senaria
* †Foerstia
* †Girvanella
* †Glauconome
* †Gonioceras
* †Hallopora
* †Helcionella
* †Heliomeroides
* †Hemithecella – type locality for genus
* †Holia
* †Holopea
* †Homagnostus
* †Hyolithellus
* †Hyolithes
* †Hypseloconus
* †Illaenus
* Fossil of the Middle-Late Ordovician giant trilobite Isotelus. †Isotelus
** †Isotelus maximus
* †Kingstonia
* †Kionoceras
* †Komaspidella
* †Kootenia
* †Krausella
* †Kutorgina
* †Labyrinthus
* †Latouchella
* Restoration of the Carboniferous-Late Triassic club moss relative Lepidodendron. Eli Heimans (1911). †Lepidodendron
* †Levisoceras
* Lingula
* †Lingulella – tentative report
* †Llanoaspis
* †Lonchodomas
* †Maryvillia
* †Meteoraspis
* †Michelinoceras
* †Microplasma
* †Miraspis
* †Naticopsis
* †Niobe
* †Nisusia
* Nucula
* †Odontopleura
* †Olenellus
* †Olenoides
* †Orthoceras
* †Oulodus
* †Ozarkodina
* †Pagetia
* †Paractinoceras
* †Paterina
* †Pemphigaspis
* Fossilized theca of the Carboniferous blastoid echinoderm ("sea bud") Pentremites †Pentremites
* †Phillipsia
* †Phragmolites
* †Phylloporina
* Pinna
* †Plaesiomys
* †Platyceras
* †Platystrophia
* †Plectoceras
* †Posidonia
* †Proetus
* †Protobarinophyton
* †Raymondaspis
* Fossil of the Early Ordovician-Permian benthic alga Receptaculites †Receptaculites
* †Remopleurides
* †Rhodea
* †Rothpletzella
* †Salterella
* †Siphonodella
* †Skenidioides
* Solemya
* †Solenopora
** †Solenopora compacta
* †Sowerbyella
* †Spathognathodus
* †Sphaerexochus
* †Sphaerocoryphe
* †Spirifer
* †Spyroceras
* †Strophomena
** †Strophomena filitexta
** †Strophomena incurvata
* †Subligaculum
* †Subulites
* †Syringopora
* Assemblage of fossilized shells of the Early Ordovician-Late Devonian probable mollusc Tentaculites †Tentaculites
* †Terranovella
* †Tetradium
* †Tricrepicephalus
* †Trinodus
* Trypanites
* †Wilkingia

## Mesozoic

* †Abietites – or unidentified comparable form
** †Abietites longifolius
* †Acrostichites
** †Acrostichites linnaeaefolius
* †Agrestipus – type locality for genus
** †Agrestipus hottoni – type locality for species
* †Alisporites
** †Alisporites aequalis
* †Amblydactylus
** †Amblydactylus gethingi
* †Anchisauripus
** †Anchisauripus parallelus
* Fossil (right) of the Early Jurassic dinosaur footprint ichnogenus Anomoepus †Anomoepus
* †Appomatoxia – type locality for genus
** †Appomatoxia ancistrophora – type locality for species
* † Aquia – type locality for genus
* † Aquia
** †Aquia brookensis – type locality for species
* Aralia
** †Aralia dubia
* †Aratrisporites
** †Aratrisporites scabratus
* †Araucarites
** †Araucarites aquiensis
* †Arcellites
** †Arcellites disciformis
** †Arcellites pyriformis – or unidentified comparable form
* †Athrotaxis
** †Athrotaxis ungeri – or unidentified comparable form
* †Athrotaxopsis
* †Atreipus
** †Atreipus milfordensis
* †Auriculophora
** †Auriculophora acrostichoides
* †Boreogomphodon – type locality for genus
** †Boreogomphodon jeffersoni – type locality for species
* †Brachyphyllum
** †Brachyphyllum crassicaule
* †Brenneria – type locality for genus
** †Brenneria potomacensis – type locality for species
* †Brennerispermum – type locality for genus
** †Brennerispermum potomacensis – type locality for species
* Fossil of the sauropod dinosaur footprint ichnogenus Brontopodus †Brontopodus
** †Brontopodus birdi
* †Caririchnium
** †Caririchnium leonardii
* †Carpestella – type locality for genus
** †Carpestella lacunata – type locality for species
* †Chirotherium
** †Chirotherium lulli
** †Chirotherium parvum
* Cladophlebis
** †Cladophlebis auriculata
** †Cladophlebis constricta
** †Cladophlebis mexicana
* †Classopollis
* †Clathropteris
** †Clathropteris meniscoides
* †Colpectopollis
** †Colpectopollis ellipsoideus
* †Crudia
** †Crudia grahamiana – type locality for species
* †Crybelosporites
** †Crybelosporites striatus
* †Cyathocaulis
** †Cyathocaulis carolinensis
* †Cyathoforma
** †Cyathoforma carolinensis
** †Cyathoforma minuta
** †Cyathoforma penticarpa
* †Danaeopsis
** †Danaeopsis virginiensis
* †Decussosporites
** †Decussosporites microreticulatus
* †Delosorus
** †Delosorus heterophyllus
* †Dichotozamites
** †Dichotozamites cycadopsis
* Dicotylophyllum
** †Dicotylophyllum ovatodecurrens – type locality for species
* Dicranopteris
* †Dictyophylum
* †Dictyopygae
* †Dictyothylakos
** †Dictyothylakos pesslerae
* †Diplurus
* Life restoration of the Late Triassic reptile Doswellia †Doswellia – type locality for genus
** †Doswellia kaltenbachi – type locality for species
* †Drewria
* †Echitriletes
** †Echitriletes lanatus – or unidentified comparable form
* †Emydhipus – or unidentified related form
* †Equisetites
** †Equisetites milleri
** †Equisetites richmondensis
** †Equisetites rogersii
* †Equisetum
** †Equisetum lyellii – or unidentified comparable form
* †Erlansonisporites
** †Erlansonisporites erlansonii
* Fossils of the large theropod dinosaur footprint ichnogenus Eubrontes †Eubrontes
** †Eubrontes approximus
** †Eubrontes giganteus
* †Eucommiidites
* †Euscolosuchus – type locality for genus
** †Euscolosuchus olseni – type locality for species
* †Exesipollenites
* †Ficophyllum
** †Ficophyllum crassinerve
* †Gleichenites
** †Gleichenites distans
* †Gomphiosauridion – type locality for genus
** †Gomphiosauridion baileyae – type locality for species
* Negative footprint of G. cuneatus showing skin impressions †Grallator
** †Grallator cuneatus
** †Grallator formosus
* †Gregaripus
* †Gwyneddichnium
** †Gwyneddichnium majore
* †Gypsichnites
** †Gypsichnites pacensis
* †Hypsiloichnus
** †Hypsiloichnus marylandicus
* †Isoetodendron
** †Isoetodendron striata
* †Juglandiphyllum
** †Juglandiphyllum integrifolium
* †Kayentapus
** †Kayentapus minor
* †Kenella – or unidentified related form
* †Lagenella
** †Lagenella martinii
* †Landonia
** †Landonia calophylla – or unidentified comparable form
* †Lapposisporites
** †Lapposisporites loricatus – or unidentified comparable form
* †Leptocyclotes
** †Leptocyclotes americana
* Electron micrograph of fossilized teeth from the Early Jurassic-Early Cretaceous freshwater shark Lissodus †Lissodus
* †Lonchopteris
** †Lonchopteris oblonga
* †Lunatisporites
** †Lunatisporites acutus
* †Macrotaeniopteris
** †Macrotaeniopteris crassinervis
** †Macrotaeniopteris magnifolia
* †Megalosauropus
* †Mertensides
** †Mertensides bullatus
* †Microconodon
** †Microconodon tenuirostris
* †Nageiopsis
** †Nageiopsis longifolia
* †Nelumbites
** †Nelumbites extenuinervis – type locality for species
** †Nelumbites minimus – or unidentified comparable form
* †Neocalamites
** †Neocalamites delawarensis – or unidentified comparable form
** †Neocalamites knowltonii
** †Neocalamites virginiensis
* †Onychopsis
** †Onychopsis latiloba
* †Ornithomimipus
** †Ornithomimipus angustus
* Fossil of the Permian-Late Cretaceous fern Osmundites †Osmundites
** †Osmundites winterpockensis
* †Ovalipollis
** †Ovalipollis ovalis
* †Pabiania – or unidentified related form
* †Patinasporites
** †Patinasporites densus
* †Paxillitriletes
* †Pecopteris
** †Pecopteris rarinervis
* †Phlebopteris
** †Phlebopteris smithii – or unidentified comparable form
* †Pityopollenites
** †Pityopollenites neomundanus
* †Platanocarpus
** †Platanocarpus brookensis – type locality for species
* †Platanophyllum
** †Platanophyllum crassinerve
* †Plesiornis
** †Plesiornis pilulatus
* †Plicarizamites
** †Plicarizamites lanceolatus
* †Podozamites
** †Podozamites acutifolius
** †Podozamites lanceolatus
** †Podozamites tenuistriatus
* †Populophyllum
** †Populophyllum crassinerve
* †Potomacanthus
** †Potomacanthus lobatus
* †Primaraucaria
** †Primaraucaria wielandii
* †Protodiploxypinus
** †Protodiploxypinus doubingeri
* †Protohaploxypinus
* †Pseudofrenelopsis
** †Pseudofrenelopsis nathorstiana – type locality for species
** †Pseudofrenelopsis parceramosa
* †Pteridocaulis
** †Pteridocaulis facialis
** †Pteridocaulis rhombiformis
* †Pterophyllum
** †Pterophyllum affine
** †Pterophyllum braunianum
** †Pterophyllum descussatum
** †Pterophyllum giganteum
** †Pterophyllum grandifolium
** †Pterophyllum taxinum
** †Pterophyllum tenuinervis
* †Ptycholepis
** †Ptycholepis marshi
* †Redfieldius
* †Rothwellia – type locality for genus.
** †Rothwellia foveata – type locality for species
* Life restoration of the Late Triassic phytosaur Rutiodon †Rutiodon
** †Rutiodon manhattanensis – or unidentified comparable form
* †Sagenopteris
** †Sagenopteris rhoifolia
* †Sanmiguelia – tentative report
* †Sapindopsis
** †Sapindopsis – or unidentified comparable form magnifolia/variabilis – informal
** †Sapindopsis minutifolia – type locality for species
** †Sapindopsis obtusifolia
* Sassafras
** †Sassafras bilobata
* Fossilized leaf of the Late Cretaceous ginkgo relative Sphenobaiera †Sphenobaiera
** †Sphenobaiera striata
* †Sphenolepis
** †Sphenolepis sternbergiana
* †Sphenopteris
** †Sphenopteris lobata
** †Sphenopteris sitholeyi
* †Sphenozamites
** †Sphenozamites rogersianus
* †Stangerites
** †Stangerites obliqua
** †Stangerites planus
* Ripe fruit capsule and seeds of a living Sterculia, or tropical chestnut Sterculia
** †Sterculia elegans
* †Sulcatisporites
** †Sulcatisporites kraeuseli
* †Taeniopteris
** †Taeniopteris diminuta
* †Tetrapodosaurus
** †Tetrapodosaurus borealis
* †Thodaya – type locality for genus. Preoccupied.
** †Thodaya sykesiae – type locality for species
* †Thylakosporites
** †Thylakosporites retiarius
* †Trassiflorites
** †Trassiflorites grandiflora
* †Triadispora
** †Triadispora modesta
** †Triadispora verrucata
* †Uatchitodon – type locality for genus
** †Uatchitodon kroehleri – type locality for species
* †Ulmiphyllum
** †Ulmiphyllum crassinerve
* †Vallasporites
** †Vallasporites ignacii
** †Vallasporites perspicuus
* †Verrutriletes
** †Verrutriletes carbunculus
* †Virginianthus – type locality for genus
** †Virginianthus calycanthoides – type locality for species
* †Watsoniocladus – type locality for genus
** †Watsoniocladus florinii – type locality for species
** †Watsoniocladus obatae
** †Watsoniocladus pseudoexpansum
** †Watsoniocladus ramonensis
** †Watsoniocladus valdensis
** †Watsoniocladus virginiensis – type locality for species
* †Xenodiphyodon – type locality for genus
** †Xenodiphyodon petraios – type locality for species
* †Zamiostrobus
** †Zamiostrobus lissocardius
** †Zamiostrobus triasiccus
* Fossil of the Early Triassic-Eocene cycad-like frond Zamites †Zamites
** †Zamites buchianus
** †Zamites powellii

## Cenozoic
### Selected Cenozoic taxa of Virginia

* Abies
* †Abra
* Acanthocybium
* Accipiter
** Living adult (center) and chick (lower right) Accipiter striatus, or sharp-shinned hawks †Accipiter striatus
* Acipenser
* Acmaea
* Acteocina
* Acteon
* †Actinocyclus
* Actitis – or unidentified comparable form
** †Actitis macularia
* †Adeorbis
* Aegolius
** †Aegolius acadicus
* Aequipecten
* Aetobatus
* Aetomylaeus
* Agelaius
** †Agelaius phoeniceus
* Fossilized skull of the Miocene baleen whale Aglaocetus †Aglaocetus
* †Aglyptorhynchus
* Albula
* Alca
** †Alca torda – or unidentified comparable form
* Alces – or unidentified comparable form
** †Alces alces
* Fossilized skeleton of the Eocene pig-nosed turtle Allaeochelys †Allaeochelys
* Alnus
* Alopias
* Aluterus
* †Ambystoma
* Amia
* Ammonia
** †Ammonia tepida
* †Amonia
* †Ampelopsis
* Amyda – or unidentified comparable form
* Anachis
* Anadara
** †Anadara ovalis
** Shell of an Anadara transversa, or transverse ark clam †Anadara transversa
* Anas
** †Anas crecca
** †Anas discors
** †Anas platyrhynchos – or unidentified comparable form
* Anguilla
* †Anguispira
** †Anguispira alternata
* Angulus
* Anomia
** †Anomia simplex
* †Anomotodon
* A living Anoxypristis cuspidata, or knifetooth sawfish Anoxypristis
* †Anthus – or unidentified comparable form
** †Anthus spinoletta
* Aporrhais
* Arbacia
* †Archaeohippus
* †Archaeomanta
* Architectonica
* Restoration of an Arctodus, or short-faced bear, with a human to scale †Arctodus
** †Arctodus simus
* Argobuccinum
* Argopecten
** †Argopecten gibbus
* Arius – tentative report
* Asio
** †Asio flammeus – or unidentified comparable form
* Astarte
** †Astarte castanea
* Astrangia
** †Astrangia danae
* Astyris
** †Astyris lunata
* Athleta
* Balaena
* Balaenoptera
* Fossilized vertebrae of the Pliocene baleen whale Balaenotus †Balaenotus
* Balanophyllia
* Balanus
** †Balanus improvisus
* Barbatia
* Barnea
* Bartramia
** †Bartramia longicauda
* †Basilotritus
* Betula
* Bison
** †Bison bison
* Bittiolum
** †Bittiolum alternatum
* Blarina
** †Blarina brevicauda
* †Bohaskaia – type locality for genus
** †Bohaskaia monodontoides – type locality for species
* †Bolcyrus – or unidentified comparable form
* Bombycilla
** †Bombycilla cedrorum
* Bonasa
** †Bonasa umbellus
* †Bootherium
** Fossilized skeleton of the Pleistocene-Holocene bovid Bootherium bombifrons, or Harlan's musk ox. †Bootherium bombifrons
* Boreotrophon
* Bos
** †Bos taurus
* Bostrycapulus
** †Bostrycapulus aculeatus
* Botaurus
** †Botaurus lentiginosus
* Brachidontes
* Branta
** †Branta bernicla
* †Brevoortia
* †Brychaetus
* Bubo
** A living Bubo virginianus, or great horned owl †Bubo virginianus
* Buccella
* Buccinum
** †Buccinum undatum
* Bucephala
** †Bucephala albeola
* Bufo
** †Bufo woodhousei
* †Burnhamia
* Busycon
** †Busycon carica
** †Busycon contrarium
* Busycotypus
** †Busycotypus canaliculatus
* Buteo
** A living Buteo jamaicensis, or red-tailed hawk †Buteo jamaicensis
** †Buteo lineatus
** †Buteo platypterus
* Cadulus
* Caecum
** †Caecum cooperi
* Caestocorbula
* †Calippus
* Calliostoma
* †Callippus
* Callista
* Calonectris
* Cambarus
** †Cambarus bartonii – or unidentified comparable form
* †Canarium
* Cancellaria
* Cancer
** †Cancer irroratus
* Canis
** Modern mounted skeleton of Canis lupus, the grey wolf, to scale with a fossilized skeleton of the Pleistocene wolf Canis dirus, or dire wolf †Canis dirus
** †Canis latrans
** †Canis lupus – or unidentified comparable form
* Cantharus
* Canthon
* Capella
** †Capella gallinago
* Carcharhinus
* Carcharias
* Carcharodon
** †Carcharodon hastalis
* Carditamera
* †Carolinochelys
** †Carolinochelys wilsoni
* Carphophis
** †Carphophis amoenus
* Carya
* Castor
** †Castor canadensis
* Mounted fossilized skeleton of the Pliocene-Pleistocene giant beaver Castoroides †Castoroides
** †Castoroides ohioensis
* Catharus
* †Catinella
* Catoptrophorus
** †Catoptrophorus semipalmatus
* †Catostomus
* Celtis
** †Celtis occidentalis
* Cerithiopsis
** †Cerithiopsis greenii
* Certhia
** †Certhia familiaris
* †Cervalces – tentative report
** †Cervalces scotti
* Cervus
** †Cervus elaphus
* Cetorhinus
* Life restoration of the Miocene-Pliocene whale Cetotherium †Cetotherium
* Chaetura
** †Chaetura pelagica
* Chama
** †Chama congregata
* Charadrius
** †Charadrius vociferus
* Chelydra
** †Chelydra serpentina
* †Chesapecten
** Shells of the Pliocene scallop Chesapecten jeffersonius †Chesapecten jeffersonius
* Chione
** †Chione cancellata
* Chlamys
* †Chordeiles
** †Chordeiles minor
* Cibicides
* Cingula
* Circulus
* Cirsotrema
* Cistothorus
** †Cistothorus platensis – or unidentified comparable form
* Clavus – report made of unidentified related form or using admittedly obsolete nomenclature
* Clethrionomys
** †Clethrionomys gapperi
* A living Cliona sponge Cliona
* Coccyzus
* Colaptes
** †Colaptes auratus
* Colinus
** †Colinus virginianus
* Coluber
** †Coluber constrictor
* †Columella
* Colus
** †Colus pygmaeus
* Condylura
** †Condylura cristata
* Contopus
** †Contopus virens
* Conus
* Shell of a Corbula basket clam Corbula
* Corvus
** †Corvus brachyrhynchos
* Cotonopsis
** †Cotonopsis lafresnayi
* †Coupatezia
** †Crassinella lunulata
* Crassostrea
** †Crassostrea virginica
* Crepidula
** †Crepidula convexa
** †Crepidula fornicata
** †Crepidula plana
* Fossil of the Early Cretaceous-Eocene shark Cretolamna †Cretolamna
** †Cretolamna appendiculata
* Crocodylus
* Crotalus
** †Crotalus adamanteus – or unidentified comparable form
** †Crotalus horridus
* Crucibulum
** †Crucibulum striatum
* Cryptobranchus
** A living Cryptobranchus alleganiensis, or hellbender salamander †Cryptobranchus alleganiensis
* †Cryptogramma
** †Cryptosula pallasiana
* Cryptotis
** †Cryptotis parva
* Cucullaea
* Cumingia
* Cupuladria
* Cyanocitta
** †Cyanocitta cristata
* Cyclocardia
** †Cyclocardia borealis
* Fossilized skeleton of the Eocene bony fish Cyclopoma †Cyclopoma
* Cylichna
* †Cylindracanthus
* Cymatosyrinx
* †Cynelos
* Cynoscion
** †Cyrtopleura costata
* Dasyatis
* Dasypus
** Fossilized cranium seen from above and below of the Pleistocene Dasypus bellus, or beautiful armadillo †Dasypus bellus – or unidentified comparable form
* Dendrocopos
* †Dendroica – or unidentified comparable form
** †Dendroica coronata
* Dentalium
* Dentimargo
** †Dentimargo aureocinctus
* Desmognathus
* Diadophis
* Dicaelus
* Dinocardium
** †Dinocardium robustum
* Diodora
* †Diorocetus
* Mounted fossilized skeleton of the Paleocene-Miocene crocodilian Diplocynodon †Diplocynodon
** †Diplodonta punctata
* Discinisca
* †Discoaster
* Discus
** †Discus catskillensis
* †Dolicholatirus
* †Dolichonyx – or unidentified comparable form
** †Dolichonyx oryzivorus
* Donax
** Shells of Donax variabilis, or coquina †Donax variabilis
* Dosinia
** †Dosinia discus
* Dryocopus
** †Dryocopus pileatus
* Echinocardium
* Echinorhinus
* †Ecphora
** †Ecphora gardnerae
* †Ectopistes
** †Ectopistes migratorius
* †Egertonia
* Elaphe
** †Elaphe guttata – or unidentified comparable form
** †Elaphe obsoleta – or unidentified comparable form
* Electra
* Elphidium
* †Empidonax
* Ensis
** †Ensis directus
* Life restoration of two of the Miocene baleen whale Eobalaenoptera pursued by the giant shark Carcharocles megalodon †Eobalaenoptera – type locality for genus
** †Eobalaenoptera harrisoni – type locality for species
* †Eosphargis
* †Eosuchus
** †Eosuchus lerichei
* Epitonium
** †Epitonium humphreysii
* Eptesicus
** †Eptesicus fuscus
* Equus
** †Equus fraternus
* Eremophila
** †Eremophila alpestris
* Erethizon
** A living Erethizon dorsatum, or North American porcupine †Erethizon dorsatum
* Erolia
* Eschrichtius
** †Eschrichtius robustus
* Esox
** †Esox americanus – or unidentified comparable form
* Eulima
* Eumeces
** †Eumeces laticeps – or unidentified comparable form
* Eupleura
** †Eupleura caudata
* Life restoration of the Miocene whale Eurhinodelphis (above) †Eurhinodelphis
** †Eurhinodelphis longirostris
* Euspira
** †Euspira heros
* Eutamias
** †Eutamias minimus
* Euvola
* Falco
** †Falco sparverius
* Felis
** †Felis domesticus
* Ficus
* Flabellum
* Fossarus
* Fusinus
* Gadus
* A living Galeocerdo cuvier, or tiger shark Galeocerdo
** †Galeocerdo aduncus
** †Galeocerdo contortus
* Galeodea
* Galeorhinus
* Galerita
** †Galerita bicolor – or unidentified comparable form
* Gallinula
** †Gallinula chloropus
* Gari
* Gastrochaena
* Gastrocopta
** †Gastrocopta armifera
** †Gastrocopta contracta
* Gavia
* Fossilized skull of the Miocene crocodile relative Gavialosuchus †Gavialosuchus
* Gemma
** †Gemma purpurea
* Genota – or unidentified comparable form
* Geomys
* Geukensia
** †Geukensia demissa
* Gibbula – tentative report
* Ginglymostoma
* Glaucomys
** A living Glaucomys sabrinus, or northern flying squirrel †Glaucomys sabrinus
* Globigerina
* Globulina
* Glossus
* Glycymeris
** †Glycymeris americana
* Granulina
* Grus
** †Grus americana
* †Hadrodelphis – or unidentified comparable form
* Halichoerus
** A living Halichoerus grypus, or grey seal †Halichoerus grypus
* Hastula
* Helicodiscus
** †Helicodiscus parallelus
* Hemipristis
** †Hemipristis serra
* Heterodontus
* Hexanchus
* Hiatella
** †Hiatella arctica
* Hipponix
* Fossilized skull of the Eocene tapir-like mammal Homogalax †Homogalax – or unidentified related form
* Hydrobia
** †Hydrobia truncata
* Hydroides
* Hyla
** †Hyla crucifer – or unidentified comparable form
* Hylocichla
* †Hyopsodus – or unidentified comparable form
* †Hyposaurus – or unidentified comparable form
* †Icterus – or unidentified comparable form
** A living Icterus spurius, or orchard oriole †Icterus spurius
* Ilyanassa
** †Ilyanassa obsoleta
** †Ilyanassa trivittata
* Ischadium
** †Ischadium recurvum
* Isistius
* Isognomon
* Istiophorus
* Isurus
* Junco
** †Junco hyemalis
* Life restoration of the Oligocene-Miocene dolphin Kentriodon †Kentriodon
* Kuphus
* Kurtziella
** †Kurtziella cerina
* Lagena
* †Lagopus
** †Lagopus mutus – or unidentified comparable form
* Lamna
* Lampropeltis
* Larus
** A living Larus hyperboreus, or glaucous gull †Larus hyperboreus
* Lasiurus
** †Lasiurus borealis
* Latirus
* Lepisosteus
* †Leptophoca
** †Leptophoca lenis
* †Leptoxis
** †Leptoxis carinata
* Lepus
** A living Lepus americanus, or snowshoe hare †Lepus americanus
* Libinia
** †Libinia dubia
** †Libinia emarginata
* †Limosa – or unidentified comparable form
* Linga
** †Lingulodinium machaerophorum
* Litiopa
* Littoraria
** †Littoraria irrorata
* Lontra
** †Lontra canadensis
* Mounted skeleton of a Lophius americanus, or American anglerfish Lophius
* Lophodytes
** †Lophodytes cucullatus
* Lopholatilus
* Loxia
* Lucina
* Lunatia
* Lymnaea
* Lynx
** A living Lynx rufus, or bobcat †Lynx rufus – or unidentified comparable form
* Lyonsia
* Macoma
** †Macoma balthica
** †Macoma tenta
* Macrocallista
* Makaira
** †Makaira nigricans – or unidentified comparable form
* †Mammut
** †Mammut americanum
* †Mammuthus
** †Mammuthus columbi
** Life restorations of a Mammut americanum, or American mastodon (right), and a Mammuthus primigenius, or wooly mammoth (left) †Mammuthus primigenius
* †Margaritaria
* Marginella
* Marmota
** †Marmota monax
* Masticophis
** †Masticophis flagellum
* Megaceryle
** †Megaceryle alcyon
* Mounted fossilized skeleton of the Miocene-Pleistocene ground sloth Megalonyx †Megalonyx
** †Megalonyx jeffersonii
* Megalops
* Megaptera
* Melanerpes
** †Melanerpes carolinus
** †Melanerpes erythrocephalus
* Meleagris
** †Meleagris gallopavo
* Melospiza
** †Melospiza melodia
* Living Membranipora bryozoan Membranipora
* Mephitis
** †Mephitis mephitis
* Mercenaria
** †Mercenaria mercenaria
* Mergus
* †Merychippus
* †Mesocetus
* Mesoplodon
* Mounted fossilized skeleton of the Miocene-Pleistocene manatee relative Metaxytherium †Metaxytherium
* †Metopocetus – type locality for genus
* Microtus
** †Microtus chrotorrhinus
** †Microtus ochrogaster
** †Microtus pennsylvanicus
** †Microtus pinetorum
** †Microtus xanthognathus
* Mitrella
* Modiolus
* Mola
* Molothrus
** †Molothrus ater
* †Monotherium
** †Monotherium wymani
* Morus
** A living Morus bassanus, or northern gannet †Morus bassanus
* †Moxostoma
* Mulinia
** †Mulinia lateralis
* Musculus
** †Musculus lateralis
* Mustela
** †Mustela nivalis
** †Mustela richardsonii
* †Mya
** †Mya arenaria
* Myliobatis
* Fossilized skeleton of the Pliocene-Holocene peccary Mylohyus †Mylohyus
** †Mylohyus fossilis
* Myotis
** †Myotis grisescens
** †Myotis keenii
** †Myotis lucifugus
* Myriophyllum
* Mytilus
** †Mytilus edulis
* Napaeozapus
** †Napaeozapus insignis
* Nassarius
* Naticarius
* Natrix
* Nebrius
* Negaprion
* Neofiber
** †Neopanope texana
* Neogale
** †Neogale frenata
** †Neogale vison
* Neotoma
** Close-up of a Neotoma floridana, or eastern woodrat †Neotoma floridana
* Nerodia
** †Nerodia sipedon
* Neverita
* †Nipa – or unidentified comparable form
* Niso
* †Nocomis
** †Nocomis raneyi – or unidentified comparable form
* Notophthalmus
** †Notophthalmus viridescens – or unidentified comparable form
* Illustration of a living Notorynchus cow shark Notorhynchus
* Notorynchus
* †Noturus
* Nucula
** †Nucula proxima
** †Nuculana acuta
* †Nyssa
* Ochotona
* Ocypode
* Odobenus
** †Odobenus rosmarus
* Odocoileus
** †Odocoileus virginianus
* Odontaspis
* Illustration of a fossilized partial skull of the Paleocene-Eocene pseudo-toothed bird Odontopteryx †Odontopteryx – tentative report
* Odostomia
* Oliva
** †Oliva sayana
* Olivella
** †Olivella mutica
* Ondatra
** †Ondatra zibethicus
* Onthophagus
* †Ontocetus – type locality for genus
** †Ontocetus emmonsi – type locality for species
* Opheodrys
* †Opsanus
* †Orycterocetus
* †Osteopygis
* †Ostracion
* Ostrea
** †Ostrea compressirostra
* †Otodus
** Diagram illustrating the largest (grey) and most conservative (red) size estimates of the Miocene-Pliocene shark Carcharocles megalodon (sometimes Carcharodon or Otodus megalodon) with a whale shark (violet), great white shark (green), and anachronistic human (black) to scale †Otodus megalodon
* Otus
** †Otus asio
* †Oxyrhina
* †Oxyura
** †Oxyura jamaicensis
* †Pachecoa
* †Palaeophis
* †Palaeorhincodon
* †Palaeosinopa – or unidentified comparable form
* Pandora
* Panopea
* Panopeus
** †Panopeus herbstii
* Panthera
** A living Panthera leo, or lion †Panthera leo
* †Paralbula
* Parascalops
** †Parascalops breweri
* †Parietobalaena
** †Parietobalaena palmeri
* Parus
** †Parus bicolor
* Parvanachis
** †Parvanachis obesa
* Passerella
** †Passerella iliaca
* Pecten
* †Pedalion
* Pedioecetes
** †Pedioecetes phasianellus
* Pekania
** †Pekania pennanti – or unidentified comparable form
* Life restoration of the Oligocene-Pleistocene false-toothed bird Pelagornis †Pelagornis
* †Pelocetus
* †Perimyotis
** †Perimyotis subflavus
* Perisoreus
** †Perisoreus canadensis
* Peristernia
* Peromyscus
** †Peromyscus leucopus
** †Peromyscus maniculatus
* Petaloconchus
* Petricola
** †Petricola pholadiformis
* Petrochelidon
** †Petrochelidon pyrrhonota
* Phalacrocorax
** A living Phalacrocorax auritus, or double-crested cormorant †Phalacrocorax auritus
* Phenacomys
** †Phenacomys intermedius
** †Phenacomys ungava – or unidentified comparable form
* †Phocageneus – type locality for genus
* Pholadomya
* Pholas
* Phyllodus
* Physa
** †Physa heterostropha
* †Physogaleus
** †Physogaleus contortus
* †Phytolacca
** †Phytolacca decandra
* Pica
** A living Pica pica Eurasian magpie †Pica pica
* Picea
* †Pinguinus
** †Pinguinus impennis
* Pinicola – or unidentified comparable form
** †Pinicola enucleator
* Pinus
* Pipistrellus
** †Pipistrellus subflavus
* Piranga
* Pisania
* Pisidium
* Pitar
** †Pitar morrhuanus
* Placopecten
* Restoration of a herd of alarmed Miocene-Pleistocene peccaries of the genus Platygonus. Charles R. Knight (1922). †Platygonus
** †Platygonus compressus
* Plecotus
** †Plecotus townsendii – or unidentified comparable form
* Pleuromeris
** †Pleuromeris tridentata
* Plicatula
** †Plicatula gibbosa
* Pluvialis
** †Pluvialis dominica
* Podiceps
** †Podiceps auritus
* Podilymbus
** A living Podilymbus podiceps, or pied-billed grebe †Podilymbus podiceps
* Pogonias
* Polinices
* Polydora
* Polygonum
* †Pomatiopsis
** †Pomatiopsis lapidaria
* †Pooecetes
** †Pooecetes gramineus
* Porzana
** †Porzana carolina
* †Potamogeton
* †Prionodon
* Prionotus
* Pristis
* †Procamelus – or unidentified comparable form
* †Procolpochelys
* Procyon
** †Procyon lotor
* †Prolates
* †Protautoga
* Prunum
** †Prunum roscidum
* Psammechinus
* †Psephophorus
* Pseudochama
* Pseudoliva
* Pseudotorinia
* Pteria
** †Pteria colymbus
* Pteromeris
* Pteromylaeus
* †Ptychosalpinx
* †Puppigerus
* Pycnodonte
* Fossilized skeleton of the Late Cretaceous-Eocene bony fish Pycnodus Pycnodus
* Quercus
* Quinqueloculina
* Raja
* Rallus
** †Rallus limicola
* †Rana
** †Rana catesbiana – lapsus calami of Rana catesbeiana
** †Rana clamitans – or unidentified comparable form
** †Rana palustris
** †Rana pipiens
** †Rana sylvatica – or unidentified comparable form
* Rangia
* Rangifer
** A living Rangifer tarandus, or reindeer †Rangifer tarandus
* Ranzania
* †Retinella
* Retusa
** †Retusa obtusa
* Rhinobatos
* Rhinoptera
* Rosalina
* Rostellaria
* †Sarda
* Sayornis
** †Sayornis phoebe
* †Scala
* Scalopus
** †Scalopus aquaticus
* Scaphella
* Scaphiopus
** †Scaphiopus holbrooki
* Sceloporus
** †Sceloporus undulatus
* †Sceptrum
* Fossilized skull of the Miocene toothed whale Schizodelphis †Schizodelphis
* Schizoporella
* Sciaenops
** †Sciaenops ocellatus
* †Sciaenurus – or unidentified comparable form
* Sciurus
** †Sciurus carolinensis
* Scolopax
** A living Scolopax minor, or American woodcock †Scolopax minor
* Scomberomorus
* †Scombrinus
* Scyliorhinus
* Seila
** †Seila adamsii
* †Seiurus
* Semele
* †Semotilus
** †Semotilus corporalis – or unidentified comparable form
* Serpulorbis
* Fossilized teeth of the Cretaceous-Eocene shark Serratolamna †Serratolamna
** †Serratolamna lerichei
* †Sialia – or unidentified comparable form
** †Sialia sialis
* Sinum
* Sitta
** †Sitta canadensis
* †Solarium
* Solemya
** †Solemya velum
* Solen
* Solenosteira
** †Solenosteira cancellaria
* Sorex
** †Sorex arcticus
** †Sorex cinereus
** †Sorex dispar
** †Sorex fumeus
** †Sorex hoyi
** A living Sorex palustris, or American water shrew †Sorex palustris
* †Spatangus
* Spermophilus
** †Spermophilus tridecemlineatus
* Sphaerium
* Sphyraena
* †Sphyrapicus
** †Sphyrapicus varius
* Sphyrna
* Spilogale
** †Spilogale putorius
* Spisula
* Life restoration of the Oligocene-Miocene shark-toothed dolphin Squalodon †Squalodon
** †Squalodon calvertensis
* Squalus
* Squatina
* †Stenotrema
** †Stenotrema hirsutum
* Stewartia
* Storeria
* †Striatolamia
* Strioterebrum
* Shell of a Strobilops land snail Strobilops
* Strombiformis
* Sturnella – or unidentified comparable form
* Sveltia – or unidentified comparable form
* †Syllomus
* Sylvilagus
** †Sylvilagus transitionalis
* Symplocos
* Synaptomys
** †Synaptomys cooperi
* Tagelus
* Tamias
** †Tamias striatus
* Tamiasciurus
** †Tamiasciurus hudsonicus
* A living Tapirus, or tapir Tapirus
** †Tapirus veroensis
* Tautoga
** †Tautoga onitis
* Tectonatica
** †Tectonatica pusilla
* Teinostoma
* Tellina
* Terebra
* Teredo
* Terrapene
** †Terrapene carolina
* Textularia
* Thamnophis
** †Thamnophis sirtalis
* Fossilized skeleton of the Oligocene-Miocene gavial relative Thecachampsa †Thecachampsa
** †Thecachampsa antiqua
* †Thoracosaurus
* Thracia
* †Thuja
** †Thuja occidentalis
* Thunnus
* Tilia
* Toxostoma
** †Toxostoma rufum
* Triakis
* Trigonostoma
* Tringa – or unidentified comparable form
** †Tringa solitaria
* †Triodopsis
** A living Triodopsis tridentata land snail, or northern threetooth †Triodopsis tridentata
* Triphora
* Trochita
** †Trochita trochiformis
* Trox
* †Tsuga
** †Tsuga canadensis – or unidentified comparable form
* Tucetona
* Turbonilla
** †Turbonilla interrupta
* Turdus
** A living Turdus migratorius, or American robin †Turdus migratorius
* Turritella
* Uria
** †Uria aalge
* Urosalpinx
** †Urosalpinx cinerea
* Ursus
** †Ursus americanus
* Vallonia
** †Vallonia costata
* Valvata
* Venericardia
* Vermetus
* Vertigo
* Vitis
* Vitrinella
* †Voltaconger
* Voluta
* Volutifusus
* Vulpes
* Xenophora
* Fossilized skeleton of the Miocene whale Xiphiacetus †Xiphiacetus
* Yoldia
** †Yoldia limatula
* Zapus
** †Zapus hudsonius
* Zonotrichia
** †Zonotrichia albicollis