OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Williston, Tennessee

Williston is a city in Fayette County, Tennessee, United States. The population was 395 at the 2010 census.

## Geography

Williston is located south of the center of Fayette County at 35°9′32″N 89°22′24″W﻿ / ﻿35.15889°N 89.37333°W﻿ / 35.15889; -89.37333 (35.158955, -89.373328). According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 1.6 square miles (4.2 km$^2$), all land.
The city is located along Tennessee State Routes 76 and 193. TN 76 leads north 6 miles (10 km) to Somerville, the county seat, and south 7 miles (11 km) to Moscow. TN 193 leads west 7 miles (11 km) to Macon and 15 miles (24 km) to the Memphis outer beltway.

## Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 341 people, 122 households, and 91 families residing in the city. The population density was 210.7 inhabitants per square mile (81.4/km$^2$). There were 129 housing units at an average density of 79.7 per square mile (30.8/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the city was 64.81% White, 33.43% African American, 0.59% Asian, 0.59% from other races, and 0.59% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.29% of the population.
There were 122 households, out of which 38.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 54.9% were married couples living together, 18.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 24.6% were non-families. 20.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.80 and the average family size was 3.28.
In the city, the population was spread out, with 30.5% under the age of 18, 8.2% from 18 to 24, 29.0% from 25 to 44, 21.1% from 45 to 64, and 11.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 78.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 74.3 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $40,625, and the median income for a family was $43,750. Males had a median income of $30,729 versus $26,719 for females. The per capita income for the city was $14,514. About 8.6% of families and 9.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 7.1% of those under age 18 and 16.7% of those age 65 or over.

## Notable people

* Robert K. Crane (1919–2010). Biochemist known for his discovery of sodium-glucose cotransport. Died in Williston
# Warehouseman

A warehouseman, also known as a warehouse worker, warehouse operator, or warehouse technician, is someone who works in a warehouse, usually delivering goods for sale or storage, or, in older usage, someone who owns a warehouse and sells goods directly from it or from a shop fronting onto the warehouse (similar to a modern Cash and carry).
An Italian warehouseman was someone who stocked goods from Italy such as pasta, olive oil, pickles, perfumes, fruits, paints and pigments (they were often known as Oil and Italian warehouseman or Oilman and Italian warehouseman to highlight the selling of oil products).
A Manchester warehouseman was a wholesaler of linen and cloth made in the factories surrounding Manchester in the North-West of England.
In law, a warehouseman can be entitled to a warehouseman's lien for work done but not yet paid for.
# Cyptendoceras

Cyptendoceras is an extinct nautiloid cephalopod included in the family Ellesmeroceratidae that lived in what would be North and South America during the latter part of the Early Ordovician (late Arenig) from about 475 – 472 mya, existing for approximately 3 million years.

## Taxonomy

Cyptendoceras was named by Ulrich and Foerste (1936). Teichert (1964, in the Treatise), included it in the endocerid family Proterocameroceratidae. Flower (1964) assigned it to the Baltoceratidae, at that time included in the Ellesmeroceratida. Kroger et al. (2007) reassigned it to the Ellesmeroceratidae on the basis of the ellesmeroceratid type siphuncle, removing it from the Baltoceratidae which had been reassigned to the Orthocerida.

## Distribution

Fossils of Cyptendoceras have been found in Argentina, Bolivia and the United States (Minnesota, Nevada, New Mexico, Texas, Vermont).
# Cyrtospirifer verneuili

Cyrtospirifer verneuili, also called Spirifer verneuili, is an extinct species of brachiopod. The fossils are present in the Upper Devonian.
In Cornwall they have the vernacular name Delabole butterfly, from the appearance of flattened forms in the slates at Delabole.
# Dalles à Bryozoaires Formation

The Dalles à Bryozoaires Formation is a geologic formation in France. It preserves fossils dating back to the Jurassic period.
# Daphnella pagera

Daphnella pagera is an extinct species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Raphitomidae.

## Description

The length of the shell attains 12.3 mm, its diameter 4.7 mm.

## Distribution

Fossils of this marine species were found in Miocene strata in Panama; age range: 11.608 to 7.246 Ma.
# Daxatina

Daxatina is a fossil ammonoid cephalopod included in the trachyceratid family of the order Ceratitida that lived during the middle of the Triassic.

## Distribution

Triassic of Canada, Italy, Svalbard, Jan Mayen and Alaska
# Dearcmhara

Dearcmhara (pronounced like "jark vara"; Scottish Gaelic: "marine lizard") is a genus of marine reptile from the early to mid-Jurassic period around 170 million years ago, known from fossil remains found on the island of Skye in Scotland. The type species is Dearcmhara shawcrossi. Fragmentary fossil remains of the animal were discovered by an amateur fossil hunter in 1959 and were subsequently donated to a museum, but it was not until 2014 that a scientific research project determined that the fossils were of a previously unknown species.

## Description

Dearcmhara was a basal neoichthyosaurian ichthyosaur, measuring around 14 feet (4.3 m) in length. It lived in a warm, shallow sea in what is now the north-west of Scotland. Much of Skye was underwater at the time and was joined with the rest of the UK as part of a large island between the landmasses that were later to become Europe and North America. The type species, Dearcmhara shawcrossi, was discovered in an extremely incomplete state with only four bones remaining from the animal's skeleton; however, this has been sufficient to allow researchers to identify unique features that are not seen on other ichthyosaurs. The bones come from the back, tail and forefin, with the upper fin bone or humerus (holotype GLAHM 152378/1) providing strong evidence of the creature being a new species. It possesses a large triangular projection and a deep pit where muscles and ligaments were probably attached.

## History

The type species was discovered in sediments of the Bearreraig Sandstone Formation in Bearreraig Bay on the Trotternish peninsula of Skye in 1959 by fossil hunter Brian Shawcross, after whom it is named, and who donated it to the Hunterian Museum in Glasgow. The genus name Dearcmhara is Scottish Gaelic for "marine lizard" and marks one of the few occasions when a fossil has been given a Gaelic name. It is pronounced "jark vara" (IPA: d͡ʒɐrk vɐrɐ). Although the fossil was collected decades ago, it was not identified until a research project brought together experts from the University of Edinburgh, National Museums Scotland, the Hunterian Museum, Scottish Natural Heritage and the Staffin Museum on Skye to study fossil fragments found on the island over a 50-year period. It is the first Scottish species of ichthyosaur to have been discovered and represents an extremely rare type of find. The discovery was announced on 11 January 2015 in a study published in the Scottish Journal of Geology and the fossils were displayed in a one-day exhibition at the Our Dynamic Earth visitor attraction in Edinburgh on 18 January 2015.
Writing in The Conversation, the study's lead author Stephen Brusatte commented that while it was inevitable that the press had compared the find to the mythical Loch Ness Monster, Dearcmhara was "much more interesting". He noted the crucial role that Brian Shawcross had played in donating the fossil rather than keeping or selling it, a fate which had befallen many other Jurassic fossils from Scotland, and appealed to amateur collectors to follow Shawcross's example in donating their finds to science.
# Deer Butte Formation

The Deer Butte Formation is a geologic formation in Oregon. It preserves fossils dating back to the Neogene period.
# Dell Beds Formation

The Dell Beds Formation is a geologic formation in Montana. It preserves fossils dating back to the Paleogene period.
# John Egerton, Viscount Alford

John Hume Egerton, Viscount Alford (born Cust; 15 October 1812 – 3 January 1851) was an English Tory Member of Parliament and landowner from the Egerton family.

## Early life

Alford was born at Hill Street at Berkeley Square, Mayfair, the eldest son of John Cust, 2nd Baron Brownlow by his first wife, Sophia Hume. His mother was the daughter of Sir Abraham Hume, 2nd Baronet and Lady Amelia Egerton, great-granddaughter of John Egerton, 3rd Earl of Bridgewater. He gained the courtesy title of Viscount Alford on his father being created Earl Brownlow in 1815. Alford was educated at Eton and Magdalene College, Cambridge.

## Career

In 1835, he was elected to the House of Commons for Bedfordshire, a seat he held until his death in 1851. He was strong supporter of Sir Robert Peel, until the repeal of the Corn Laws in 1846.
In 1849, two years before his death, Alford assumed by Royal licence the surname of Egerton in lieu of his patronymic, on succeeding to the huge Bridgwater estates through his mother. According to his obituary, Lord Alford "displayed the warmest regard for the welfare of his tenantry, and expended a considerable sum in providing schools for the education of the children of the poorer classes, and the needy have lost a liberal benefactor."
He joined the Canterbury Association on 17 June 1848 and remained a member until his death.
He was colonel of the North Lincoln Militia.

## Personal life

Lord Alford married Lady Marianne Margaret Compton, daughter of Spencer Compton, 2nd Marquess of Northampton, in 1841. They had two sons:
* John William Spencer Brownlow Egerton-Cust (1842–1867), died unmarried
* Adelbert Wellington Brownlow Cust, 3rd Earl Brownlow (1844–1921)
On one of his estates, he repaired Myddle Castle ruins in Shropshire in 1849, inscribing his name into a block in the castle's wall.
He fell ill in 1849 and spent the winter of 1850 in Egypt, hoping the climate would benefit his health. He returned to England in the summer, with no improvement. He died in January 1851 at his seat at Ashridge Park, aged only 38. His father-in-law the Marquess of Northampton, brother-in-law Earl Compton, and other family members had gathered at Ashridge when he died.
His eldest son, John, succeeded his grandfather in the earldom of Brownlow in 1853, but died in Italy, aged 24. His second son, Adelbert Wellington Brownlow Cust, succeeded his brother as 3rd Earl Brownlow and later became a government minister.
# Desert Peak Formation

The Desert Peak Formation is a geologic formation in Nevada. It preserves fossils dating back to the Neogene period.
# Devils Claw Formation

The Devils Claw Formation is a geologic formation in British Columbia. It preserves fossils dating back to the Cretaceous period.
# Diaphorocetus

Diaphorocetus is an extinct genus of odontocete cetacean belonging to Physeteroidea. Its remains were found in the Monte León Formation of Argentina, dating to the Early Miocene.

## Systematics

Diaphorocetus was originally named Mesocetus by Moreno (1892). Lydekker (1893) found that Mesocetus was already in use for an extinct mysticete, so he renamed the sperm whale Hypocetus. Ameghino (1894) too recognized Moreno's name as preoccupied, but unaware of Lydekker's paper, coined his own replacement name Diaphorocetus for Mesocetus. Diaphorocetus was declared a nomen protectum (protected name) by Paolucci et al. (2019) because Hypocetus and Paracetus have not been used as valid since 1899 under Article 23.9 of the Code.

## Paleobiology

The small teeth of Diaphorocetus and the bottleneck-like nature of the rostrum suggest that Diaphorocetus employed a feeding strategy intermediate between that of raptorial sperm whales like Acrophyseter and Livyatan and extant sperm whales.
# Diceratocephalidae

Diceratocephalidae is a family of trilobites belonging to the order Ptychopariida.

## Genera

Source:
* Cyclolorenzella
* Diceratocephalus
* Fenghuangella
* Tholifrons
* Trigocephalus
# Dichograptus

Dichograptus (meaning two-branched writing or double-line marks) is an extinct genus of graptolites from the Ordovician.
Dichograptus probably fed on plankton. Individual animals were very tiny, only growing a few millimeters in length (1/8 of an inch).

## Distribution

Fossils of Dichograptus have been found in Argentina, Chile, China, Colombia (near Caño Cristales, Meta), New Zealand, Norway, and the United Kingdom.
# Noa (name)

Noa is both a male and female first name as well as a surname.
In Israel, the name Noa (Hebrew: נֹועָה / נֹעָה) is primarily a popular given name for girls. Derived from the Biblical character Noa (Hebrew: נֹעָה), one of the five Daughters of Zelophehad, the name means “movement”. In some languages, Noa is an alternate spelling of Noah (Hebrew: נֹחַ), although the names are unrelated in Hebrew and are spelled and pronounced differently.

## People
### First name

* Noa (Achinoam Nini) (born 1969), Israeli singer
* Noa Cohen (born 2002), Israeli actress and model
* Noa Denmon (born 1995 or 1996), American illustrator
* Noa James (born 1984), American rapper
* Noa Kirel (born 2001), Israeli singer and actress
* Noa Lang (born 1999), Dutch football player
* Noa Lindberg, American actress
* Noa Nadruku (born 1967), ethnic Fijian rugby player
* Noa Nakaitaci (born 1990), Fiji-born French rugby player
* Noa Nayacakalou, Fijian rugby player
* Noa Palatchy (born 1994), Israeli rhythmic gymnast
* Noa Raviv (born 1987), Israeli fashion designer
* Noa Tishby (born 1977), Israeli actress
* Noa Kazado Yakar (born 2003), Israeli acrobatic gymnast
* Noa (Japanese singer), Japanese singer
* Noa (Japanese singer, born 2000), Japanese singer

### Surname

* Azusa Noa (野阿, born 1954), Japanese science fiction writer
* Ivana Noa (born 2003), Belgian actress
* Josef Noa (1856–1903), Hungarian chess master
* Juan Noa (died 1963), Manx dialect poet and playwright
* Kaulana Noa (born 1976), American football offensive guard
* Loveman Noa (1878–1901), US Naval officer killed during the Philippines Insurrection
* Manfred Noa (1893–1930), German film director
* Tavevele Noa (born 1992), Tuvaluan sprinter
* Thomas Lawrence Noa (1892–1977), American clergyman
* Yamilka Noa (born 1980), Cuban–Costa Rican poet and filmmaker

## Fictional characters

* Noa Kean, a character from Code Black (TV series)
* Noa, a character from Fresh
* Noa (ノア), a character from Kiba
* Noa (dog), a dog from Inubaka: Crazy for Dogs
* Noa Briqualon, a character from Star Wars
* Noa Family (ノア), characters from the Gundam series
* Noa Hollander, a character from the Israeli TV series Beauty and the Baker
** Noa Hamilton, a character from the American adaptation The Baker and the Beauty
* Noa Izumi (野明), a character from Patlabor
* Noa Kaiba (乃亜), a character from Yu-Gi-Oh!
* Noa Ushio (生塩 ノア), a character from the role-playing game Blue Archive
* Noa Takigawa (ノア), a character from Yamada-kun and the Seven Witches
# Ricart–Agrawala algorithm

The Ricart–Agrawala algorithm is an algorithm for mutual exclusion on a distributed system. This algorithm is an extension and optimization of Lamport's Distributed Mutual Exclusion Algorithm, by removing the need for release messages. It was developed by computer scientists Glenn Ricart and Ashok Agrawala.

## Algorithm
### Terminology

* A site is any computing device which runs the Ricart-Agrawala Algorithm
* The requesting site is the site which is requesting to enter the critical section.
* The receiving site is every other site which is receiving a request from the requesting site.

### Algorithm

Requesting Site
* Sends a message to all sites. This message includes the site's name, and the current timestamp of the system according to its logical clock (which is assumed to be synchronized with the other sites)
Receiving Site
* Upon reception of a request message, immediately sending a timestamped reply message if and only if:
   * the receiving process is not currently interested in the critical section OR
   * the receiving process has a lower priority (usually this means having a later timestamp)
* Otherwise, the receiving process will defer the reply message. This means that a reply will be sent only after the receiving process has finished using the critical section itself.
Critical Section:
* Requesting site enters its critical section only after receiving all reply messages.
* Upon exiting the critical section, the site sends all deferred reply messages.

### Performance

* Max number of network messages: $2*(N-1)$
* Synchronization Delays: One message propagation delay

### Common optimizations

Once site $P_{i}$ has received a $reply$ message from site $P_{j}$, site $P_{i}$ may enter the critical section multiple times without receiving permission from $P_{j}$ on subsequent attempts up to the moment when $P_{i}$ has sent a $reply$ message to $P_{j}$. This is called Roucairol-Carvalho optimization or Roucairol-Carvalho algorithm.

### Problems

One of the problems in this algorithm is failure of a node. In such a situation a process may starve forever. This problem can be solved by detecting failure of nodes after some timeout.
# Kiel Castle

Kiel Castle (German: Kieler Schloss) in Kiel in the north German state of Schleswig-Holstein was one of the secondary residences of the Gottorf dukes. The castle exhibited a very varied architectural history and in the more recent architectural period became one of the most important secular buildings in Schleswig-Holstein. The castle burned down during the Second World War and its ruins were largely carried away and replaced by a new building.

## Sources

* Deert Lafrenz: Das Kieler Schloß. Christians, Hamburg 1987, ISBN 3-7672-1027-4
# 4-Acetamido-TEMPO

4-acetamido-TEMPO (short for (4-acetamido-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-yl)oxyl) is a stable radical used for oxidation reactions in organic chemistry. It is a derivative of TEMPO, from which it differs by the additional acetamide group.

## Preparation

4-acetamido-TEMPO can be prepared from 4-amino-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine. By reaction with acetic anhydride, the amino group is acetylated, and an acetate salt is formed. The free base can be regenerated with potassium carbonate. Oxidation to the nitroxyl radical occurs with hydrogen peroxide in the presence of sodium tungstate and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid.

## Properties

4-acetamido-TEMPO is a stable radical and exists as a crystalline, orange-colored solid.

## Reactions

4-acetamido-TEMPO is suitable as a catalyst for oxidation reactions. This includes the oxidation of primary amines to nitriles with potassium peroxymonosulfate as the stoichiometric oxidizing agent. Additionally, it can be used to oxidize alcohols to aldehydes and ketones. A closely related reagent is the Bobbitt's salt, an oxidized derivative of 4-acetamido-TEMPO. The Bobbitt salt can be prepared starting from 4-acetamido-TEMPO by reacting it first with tetrafluoroboric acid and then with sodium hypochlorite.
# Yorikane Masumoto

Yorikane Masumoto (桝本 頼兼, Masumoto Yorikane, born January 29, 1941) is a Japanese politician who was mayor of Kyoto from 1996 to 2008. A graduate of Chuo University, he was first elected in February 1996. After three full terms in office he did not run again in the 2008 mayoral election.
# Axel Noack

Axel Noack (born 23 September 1961 in Görlitz) is a German former race walker. On 21 June 1987 in Chemnitz he achieved a new world best time in 20 km walk with 1'19:12 hours.

## International competitions

| Year | Competition | Venue | Position | Event | Notes |
| Representing East Germany ||||||
| 1985 | World Race Walking Cup | St John's, Isle of Man | 3rd | 50 km | 3:56:53 |
| 1986 | European Championships | Stuttgart, West Germany | — | 20 km | DSQ |
| 1987 | World Race Walking Cup | New York City, United States | 6th | 20 km | 1:21:53 |
| 1987 | World Championships | Rome, Italy | — | 20 km | DQ |
| 1988 | Olympic Games | Seoul, South Korea | 8th | 20 km | 1:21:14 |
| 1990 | European Indoor Championships | Glasgow, United Kingdom | 3rd | 5000 m | 19:08.36 |
| 1990 | European Championships | Split, Yugoslavia | — | 20 km | DNF |
| Representing Germany ||||||
| 1991 | World Race Walking Cup | San Jose, United States | 9th | 20 km | 1:21:35 |
| 1991 | World Championships | Tokyo, Japan | 11th | 20 km | 1:21:35 |
| 1992 | Olympic Games | Barcelona, Spain | 20th | 20 km | 1:29:55 |
| 1993 | World Championships | Stuttgart, Germany | 4th | 50 km | 3:43:50 |
| 1994 | European Championships | Helsinki, Finland | 10th | 50 km | 3:50:32 |
| 1995 | World Championships | Gothenburg, Sweden | 13th | 50 km | 3:55:51 |
| 1996 | Olympic Games | Atlanta, United States | 12th | 50 km | 3:51:55 |
| 1997 | World Championships | Athens, Greece | 16th | 50 km | 3:59:29 |
| 1998 | European Championships | Budapest, Hungary | — | 50 km | DQ |
| 2000 | European Race Walking Cup | Eisenhüttenstadt, Germany | — | 50 km | DNF |
# Cercle Hermaphroditos

The Cercle Hermaphroditos was the first known informal transgender advocacy organisation in the United States, founded in 1895 in New York City "to unite for defense against the world’s bitter persecution". The group first met at Paresis Hall, also called Columbia Hall or simply "the Hall," which was a center of homosexual nightlife in New York City. There, male sex workers would solicit men under an effeminate persona.
In a time when cross dressing was socially unacceptable and a punishable crime, places like Paresis Hall provided a place where self-described "instinctive female-impersonators," androgynes, queens, fairies, or Uranians could gather and feel more free to express themselves and socialize with similar people. These were Victorian era and Edwardian era words – with their own nuances of meaning – for people who were born male, felt they were at least partly women in mind or spirit, and preferred having sex with men; people who today might call themselves transgender women, non-binary people, or feminine gay men, in the language of today's LGBT communities.
The nature of Paresis Hall during this period is known to historians today from a variety of sources. However, the Cercle Hermaphroditos is more apocryphal, known chiefly from the autobiography of an "instinctive female-impersonator," Jennie June, who provides the main surviving description of it. June says all the group's members knew one another only by pseudonyms, for reasons of safety. The group was led by pseudonymous Roland Reeves. Little evidence of the Cercle's existence is known to survive today, outside of June's autobiography. If it issued any pamphlets, none are yet known to historians. For this reason, some historians have raised questions about whether the Cercle existed at all.
The Cercle is noted by transgender historian Susan Stryker as "the first known informal organization in the United States to concern itself with what we might now call transgender social justice issues".
# Chornohuzy

Chornohuzy (Ukrainian: Чорногузи; Romanian: Ciornohuzi) is a village located in Vyzhnytsia Raion, Chernivtsi Oblast, Ukraine. It belongs to Vyzhnytsia urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine.
# Didymograptus

Didymograptus is an extinct genus of graptolites with four rows of cups. They lived during the Middle Ordovician, to Late Ordovician.

## Distribution

Fossils of Didymograptus have been found in Argentina, Australia, Bolivia, Canada (Northwest Territories, Quebec, Yukon, Newfoundland and Labrador), Chile, China, Colombia (Tarqui, Huila), the Czech Republic, Estonia, France, Iran, Morocco, New Zealand, Norway, Peru, Portugal, the Russian Federation, Saudi Arabia, Spain, Sweden, the United Kingdom, the United States (Alaska, California, Idaho, Nevada, New York, Utah), and Venezuela.