# List of the Cenozoic life of Nevada

This list of the Cenozoic life of Nevada contains the various prehistoric life-forms whose fossilized remains have been reported from within the US state of Nevada and are between 66 million and 10,000 years of age.

## A

* A
* B
* C
* D
* E
* F
* G
* H
* I
* J
* K
* L
* M
* N
* O
* P
* Q
* R
* S
* T
* U
* V
* W
* X
* Y
* Z
* Living Abies, or fir trees Abies
** †Abies concoloroides
** †Abies klamathensis
** †Abies laticarpus
** †Abies nevadensis
** †Abies scherri
** †Abies scherrii
* Acer
** †Acer chaneyii
** †Acer cyaneyii
** †Acer glabroides
** †Acer medianum
** †Acer middlegatensis
** †Acer negundoides
** †Acer nevadensis
** †Acer oregonianum
** †Acer scottiae
** †Acer septilobatum
** †Acer trainii
** †Acer tyrrelli
** †Acer tyrrellii
* †Actiocyon
** †Actiocyon parverratis – type locality for species
* †Aelurodon
** †Aelurodon asthenostylus
** †Aelurodon taxoides
* Life restoration of the Miocene camel Aepycamelus, or the long-necked camel. Heinrich Harder (1920). †Aepycamelus
** †Aepycamelus bradyi – type locality for species
** †Aepycamelus robustus – or unidentified comparable form
** †Aepycamelus stocki
* †Aesculus
** †Aesculus ashleyi – type locality for species
** †Aesculus preglabra
* †Agriotherium
* †Agulla
** †Agulla mineralensis – type locality for species
* Restorative model of the Miocene deer relative Aletomeryx †Aletomeryx
* †Alforjas
* †Alilepus
** †Alilepus hibbardi
** †Alilepus vagus
* †Allophaiomys
** †Allophaiomys pliocaenicus
* †Alluvisorex
** †Alluvisorex chasseae
* Alnus
** †Alnus harneyana
** †Alnus largei
** †Alnus latahensis
** †Alnus pyramidensis
** †Alnus smithiana – type locality for species
** †Alnus spokanensis
* †Alphagaulus
** †Alphagaulus pristinus – or unidentified comparable form
** †Alphagaulus vetus
* Flowers and foliage of Amelanchier, or shadbush Amelanchier
** †Amelanchier alvordensis
** †Amelanchier apiculata
** †Amelanchier desatoyana
** †Amelanchier grayi
** †Amelanchier nevadensis – type locality for species
* †Americaphis – type locality for genus
** †Americaphis longipes – type locality for species
* †Amorpha
** †Amorpha oblongifolia
** †Amorpha stenophylla
* †Anchitheriomys
* †Ansomys
** †Ansomys nevadensis – type locality for species
* †Antecalomys
** †Antecalomys valensis
** †Antecalomys vasquezi – or unidentified comparable form
* †Antiacodon
** †Antiacodon pygmaeus
* Antrozous
** †Antrozous pallidus
* †Apatemys
** †Apatemys bellus
* †Aphelops
** †Aphelops malacorhinus
** †Aphelops megalodus
* †Apis
** †Apis nearctica – type locality for species
* Arbutus
** †Arbutus idahoensis
** †Arbutus matthesii
** †Arbutus menziesii
** †Arbutus prexalapensis
* Restoration of an Arctodus, or short-faced bear, with a human to scale †Arctodus
** †Arctodus simus
* †Arctostaphylos
** †Arctostaphylos verdiana
* †Astrohippus

## B

* A
* B
* C
* D
* E
* F
* G
* H
* I
* J
* K
* L
* M
* N
* O
* P
* Q
* R
* S
* T
* U
* V
* W
* X
* Y
* Z
* Fossilized skull of the Miocene-Pliocene false saber-toothed cat Barbourofelis †Barbourofelis
** †Barbourofelis fricki
* †Bassaricyonoides – type locality for genus
** †Bassaricyonoides stewartae – type locality for species
* Bassariscus
** †Bassariscus antiquus
* †Bensonomys
** †Bensonomys arizonae – or unidentified comparable form
** †Bensonomys coffeyi – or unidentified comparable form
** †Bensonomys lindsayi – type locality for species
* Betula
** †Betula ashleyi
** †Betula ashleyii
** †Betula desatoyana
** †Betula idahoensis
** †Betula smithiana
** †Betula thor
** †Betula vera
* †Borophagus
** †Borophagus diversidens – or unidentified comparable form
* †Bouromeryx
** †Bouromeryx americanus
** †Bouromeryx submilleri
* Restorative portrait of the Miocene oreodont mammal Brachycrus †Brachycrus
* †Brachyerix
** †Brachyerix incertis
* Brachylagus
** †Brachylagus idahoensis
* †Brachypsalis
** †Brachypsalis pachycephalus
* †Brevimalictis – type locality for genus
** †Brevimalictis chikasha – type locality for species
* †Bumelia
** †Bumelia beaverana

## C

* A
* B
* C
* D
* E
* F
* G
* H
* I
* J
* K
* L
* M
* N
* O
* P
* Q
* R
* S
* T
* U
* V
* W
* X
* Y
* Z
* †Calocedrus
** †Calocedrus masonii
* Life restoration of the Pliocene-Holocene camel Camelops †Camelops – tentative report
* Candona
* Canis
** †Canis latrans
** †Canis lepophagus
* †Capricamelus
* †Carpocyon
** †Carpocyon compressus
* Carya
** †Carya bendirei
** †Carya ovata
* Castanopsis Castanopsis
** †Castanopsis sonomensis
* Ceanothus
** †Ceanothus chaneyi
** †Ceanothus leitchii
** †Ceanothus precuneatus
* Cedrela
** †Cedrela trainii
* †Ceratophyllum
** †Ceratophyllum praedemersum
* Cercis
** †Cercis carsoniana – type locality for species
* †Cercocarpus
** †Cercocarpus antiquus
** †Cercocarpus eastgatensis
** †Cercocarpus linearifolius
** †Cercocarpus nevadensis – type locality for species
** †Cercocarpus ovatifolius
* Chamaebatia †Chamaebatia
** †Chamaebatia nevadensis
* †Chamaecyparis
** †Chamaecyparis cordillerae
** †Chamaecyparis linguaefolia
* Chara
** †Chara verdiana
* †Chrysolepis
** †Chrysolepis convexa
** †Chrysolepis sonomensis
* Cnemidophorus
** †Cnemidophorus tigris
* Comptonia
** †Comptonia parvifolia – type locality for species
* †Copemys
** †Copemys esmeraldensis – type locality for species
** †Copemys loxodon
* Cornus
** †Cornus ovalis
* Fossilized skeleton of the Miocene pronghorn-relative Cosoryx †Cosoryx
** †Cosoryx furcatus
* Crataegus
** †Crataegus gracilens
** †Crataegus middlegatensis
** †Crataegus newberryi
** †Crataegus pacifica
* Crotalus
** †Crotalus atrox
** †Crotalus mitchelli
** †Crotalus viridis
* Crotaphytus
** †Crotaphytus collaris
* †Cupidinimus
** †Cupidinimus cuyamensis
** †Cupidinimus magnus
** †Cupidinimus tertius
* Life restoration of the Pliocene-Holocene elephant relative Cuvieronius †Cuvieronius – tentative report

## D

* A
* B
* C
* D
* E
* F
* G
* H
* I
* J
* K
* L
* M
* N
* O
* P
* Q
* R
* S
* T
* U
* V
* W
* X
* Y
* Z
* †Desmathyus
** †Desmathyus pinensis
* †Desmatippus
** †Desmatippus avus – or unidentified comparable form
* †Diceratherium – or unidentified comparable form
* Mounted fossilized skeleton of the Miocene-Pliocene horse Dinohippus †Dinohippus
* †Diospyros
** †Diospyros oregonianum
* Dipodomys
** †Dipodomys gidleyi
* †Dipoides
** †Dipoides stirtoni – or unidentified comparable form
** †Dipoides wilsoni – or unidentified comparable form
* †Diprionomys
** †Diprionomys minimus – type locality for species
** †Diprionomys parvus – type locality for species
* †Domninoides
** †Domninoides riparensis – or unidentified comparable form
* †Dromomeryx
** †Dromomeryx borealis

## E

* A
* B
* C
* D
* E
* F
* G
* H
* I
* J
* K
* L
* M
* N
* O
* P
* Q
* R
* S
* T
* U
* V
* W
* X
* Y
* Z
* †Elkobatrachus – type locality for genus
** †Elkobatrachus brocki – type locality for species
* †Elymys
** †Elymys complexus
* †Eorubeta – type locality for genus
** †Eorubeta nevadensis – type locality for species
* Mounted fossilized skeleton of the Miocene bone-crushing dog Epicyon †Epicyon
** †Epicyon saevus
* †Equisetum
** †Equisetum alexanderi
* Equus
** †Equus giganteus
** †Equus idahoensis
** †Equus simplicidens
* †Eriosaphis – type locality for genus
** †Eriosaphis leei – type locality for species
* †Eriosomaphis – type locality for genus
** †Eriosomaphis jesperi – type locality for species
** †Eriosomaphis occidentalis – type locality for species
* †Eucastor
* Life restoration of the Pleistocene bovid Euceratherium, or the shrub ox. Robert Bruce Horsfall (1913). †Euceratherium
** †Euceratherium collinum
* †Eucyon
** †Eucyon davisi
* Eugenia
** †Eugenia nevadensis

## F

* A
* B
* C
* D
* E
* F
* G
* H
* I
* J
* K
* L
* M
* N
* O
* P
* Q
* R
* S
* T
* U
* V
* W
* X
* Y
* Z
* †Fouchia
** †Fouchia elyensis
* Illustrations of the flowers and foliage of a living Fraxinus, or ash tree, with insets further detailing its anatomy †Fraxinus
** †Fraxinus alcorni – type locality for species
** †Fraxinus caudata
** †Fraxinus coulteri
** †Fraxinus desatoyana
** †Fraxinus eastgatensis
** †Fraxinus millsiana

## G

* A
* B
* C
* D
* E
* F
* G
* H
* I
* J
* K
* L
* M
* N
* O
* P
* Q
* R
* S
* T
* U
* V
* W
* X
* Y
* Z
* Gambelia
* †Garrya
** †Garrya idahoensis
* †Gigantocamelus
** †Gigantocamelus spatulus
* Glyptostrobus
** †Glyptostrobus oregonensis
* Mounted fossilized skeleton of the Miocene-Pleistocene elephant relative Gomphotherium †Gomphotherium
** †Gomphotherium obscurum
* Gopherus
** †Gopherus agassizii
* †Gymnocladus
** †Gymnocladus dayana

## H

* A
* B
* C
* D
* E
* F
* G
* H
* I
* J
* K
* L
* M
* N
* O
* P
* Q
* R
* S
* T
* U
* V
* W
* X
* Y
* Z
* †Helaletes
** †Helaletes nanus
* Heloderma
** Gila monster †Heloderma suspectum
* †Hemiauchenia
** †Hemiauchenia macrocephala – or unidentified comparable form
* †Hesperhys
** †Hesperhys vagrans – or unidentified related form
* †Hesperocamelus
** †Hesperocamelus stylodon – type locality for species
* †Hesperogaulus
* †Hesperolagomys
** †Hesperolagomys galbreathi – type locality for species
* †Heteromeles
** †Heteromeles desatoyana
** †Heteromeles sonomensis
** †Heteromeles stenophylla – type locality for species
* †Hexobelomeryx
* Life restoration of a herd of the Miocene-Pleistocene horse Hipparion. Heinrich Harder (1920). †Hipparion
** †Hipparion tehonense
* †Hippotherium
* †Holodiscus
** †Holodiscus idahoensis
* Hydrangea
** †Hydrangea bendirei
** †Hydrangea ovatifolius
* †Hyopsodus
** †Hyopsodus paulus
* Life restoration of the Miocene horse Hypohippus. Heinrich Harder (1920). †Hypohippus
** †Hypohippus affinis
** †Hypohippus nevadensis – type locality for species
** †Hypohippus osborni – or unidentified comparable form
* †Hypolagus
** †Hypolagus edensis
** †Hypolagus fontinalis
** †Hypolagus furlongi
** †Hypolagus gidleyi
** †Hypolagus parviplicatus – type locality for species
** †Hypolagus ringoldensis
** †Hypolagus tedfordi
** †Hypolagus vetus – type locality for species
* Life restoration of the Eocene odd-toed ungulate Hyrachyus †Hyrachyus
** †Hyrachyus modestus
* †Hystricops – tentative report

## I

* A
* B
* C
* D
* E
* F
* G
* H
* I
* J
* K
* L
* M
* N
* O
* P
* Q
* R
* S
* T
* U
* V
* W
* X
* Y
* Z
* †Ilingoceros
** †Ilingoceros alexandrae – type locality for species
** †Ilingoceros schizoceras – type locality for species
* Fossilized skull of the Miocene bear Indarctos †Indarctos
** †Indarctos nevadensis
* †Ischyrocyon
* †Isectolophus
** †Isectolophus latidens

## J

* A
* B
* C
* D
* E
* F
* G
* H
* I
* J
* K
* L
* M
* N
* O
* P
* Q
* R
* S
* T
* U
* V
* W
* X
* Y
* Z
* Juglans
** †Juglans desatoyana
** †Juglans nevadensis
* A living Juniperus, or juniper tree Juniperus
** †Juniperus desatoyana
** †Juniperus nevadensis

## K

* A
* B
* C
* D
* E
* F
* G
* H
* I
* J
* K
* L
* M
* N
* O
* P
* Q
* R
* S
* T
* U
* V
* W
* X
* Y
* Z
* †Knightomys

## L

* A
* B
* C
* D
* E
* F
* G
* H
* I
* J
* K
* L
* M
* N
* O
* P
* Q
* R
* S
* T
* U
* V
* W
* X
* Y
* Z
* †Lachnarius – type locality for genus
** †Lachnarius miocaenicus – type locality for species
* A living Lampropeltis getula, or eastern kingsnake Lampropeltis
** †Lampropeltis getulus
* Larix
** †Larix cassiana
** †Larix churchillensis
** †Larix fernleyii – type locality for species
** †Larix nevadensis
* Lemmiscus
** †Lemmiscus curtatus
* †Lepoides
** †Lepoides lepoides
* Illustration of a fossilized skull of the Oligocene-Miocene dog Leptocyon †Leptocyon
** †Leptocyon leidyi
** †Leptocyon matthewi
** †Leptocyon vafer
* †Leucothoe
** †Leucothoe nevadensis
* †Limnoecus
** †Limnoecus compressus
** †Limnoecus tricuspis
* Limnonyx
* †Liodontia
** †Liodontia alexandrae – type locality for species
** †Liodontia furlongi
* †Lithocarpus
** †Lithocarpus nevadensis
* †Lutravus
** †Lutravus halli – type locality for species
* A living Lymnaea (larger) freshwater snail, or Melantho snail Lymnaea
* †Lyonothamnus
** †Lyonothamnus cedrusensis
** †Lyonothamnus parvifolius

## M

* A
* B
* C
* D
* E
* F
* G
* H
* I
* J
* K
* L
* M
* N
* O
* P
* Q
* R
* S
* T
* U
* V
* W
* X
* Y
* Z
* Fossilized cranium of the Miocene-Pleistocene saber-toothed cat Machairodus †Machairodus
* †Macrognathomys
** †Macrognathomys nanus – type locality for species
* Mahonia
** †Mahonia macginitiei
** †Mahonia marginata
** †Mahonia reticulata
** †Mahonia reticulate
** †Mahonia simplex
** †Mahonia trainii
* †Mammut
** †Mammut americanum
** †Mammut matthewi
* Marmota
** †Marmota korthi – type locality for species
** †Marmota minor
* †Marshochoerus
** †Marshochoerus socialis
* †Martinogale – tentative report
* Masticophis
** †Masticophis flagellum
* Restoration of a Mammut americanum, or American mastodon †Mastodon
** †Mastodon proavus
* †Mattimys
* †Megahippus
** †Megahippus matthewi – or unidentified comparable form
** †Megahippus mckennai
* †Megalonyx
** †Megalonyx leptostomus
* †Megapeomys
** †Megapeomys bobwilsoni – type locality for species
* †Megatylopus
* †Meniscomys
** †Meniscomys hippodus
* †Merychippus
** †Merychippus brevidontus
** †Merychippus calamarius
** †Merychippus californicus
** †Merychippus close
* †Merychyus
** †Merychyus elegans
** †Merychyus novomexicanus
* Mounted fossilized skeleton of the Miocene pronghorn Merycodus †Merycodus
** †Merycodus hookwayi – type locality for species
* †Metalopex
** †Metalopex merriami
* †Metatomarctus
* †Metechinus
** †Metechinus nevadensis – type locality for species
* †Microparamys
** †Microparamys sambucus
* †Microtomarctus
** †Microtomarctus conferta
* Microtus
** †Microtus meadensis
** †Microtus paroperarius
** †Microtus pennsylvanicus
* Mictomys
** †Mictomys meltoni
* †Mimomys
** †Mimomys panacaensis – type locality for species
** †Mimomys virginianus
* †Mioedipoda – type locality for genus
** †Mioedipoda reisereri – type locality for species
* †Miopelodytes – type locality for genus
** †Miopelodytes gilmorei – type locality for species
* †Miospermophilus
** †Miospermophilus wyomingensis
* †Monosaulax
** †Monosaulax curtus
** †Monosaulax skinneri
* †Moropus
** †Moropus merriami
* Mustela
** †Mustela americana
** †Mustela nigripes
** †Mustela nivalis
* Myotis
* †Mystipterus
** †Mystipterus vespertilio – type locality for species

## N

* A
* B
* C
* D
* E
* F
* G
* H
* I
* J
* K
* L
* M
* N
* O
* P
* Q
* R
* S
* T
* U
* V
* W
* X
* Y
* Z
* †Negodiaetictis – type locality for genus
** †Negodiaetictis rugatrulleum – type locality for species
* †Nekrolagus
** †Nekrolagus progressus
* Life restoration of a herd of Neohipparion. Robert Bruce Horsfall (1913). †Neohipparion
** †Neohipparion leptode – type locality for species
* Neotoma
** †Neotoma vaughani – or unidentified comparable form
* †Neotragocerus – tentative report
* †Nerterogeomys – tentative report
* †Nevaphis – type locality for genus
** †Nevaphis nevadensis – type locality for species
* †Notharctus
** †Notharctus tenebrosus
* Notiosorex
* †Nymphaeites
** †Nymphaeites nevadensis

## O

* A
* B
* C
* D
* E
* F
* G
* H
* I
* J
* K
* L
* M
* N
* O
* P
* Q
* R
* S
* T
* U
* V
* W
* X
* Y
* Z
* Odocoileus
* Ondatra
** †Ondatra idahoensis – tentative report
* †Ophiomys
** †Ophiomys magilli
* Oreamnos
** A living Oreamnos americanus, or mountain goat †Oreamnos americanus
* †Oregonomys
** †Oregonomys sargenti – or unidentified comparable form
* †Oreolagus
** †Oreolagus nevadensis – type locality for species
* Ostrya
** †Ostrya oregoniana
* Ovis
** †Ovis canadensis

## P

* A
* B
* C
* D
* E
* F
* G
* H
* I
* J
* K
* L
* M
* N
* O
* P
* Q
* R
* S
* T
* U
* V
* W
* X
* Y
* Z
* †Pachystima
** †Pachystima nevadensis
* †Paciculus – or unidentified comparable form
* †Paenemarmota
** †Paenemarmota nevadensis
* †Palaeogreenidea – type locality for genus
** †Palaeogreenidea rittae – type locality for species
* †Pantolestes
** †Pantolestes longieundus
* Paracamelus †Paracamelus
* †Paracosoryx
** †Paracosoryx alticornis – or unidentified comparable form
** †Paracosoryx loxoceros
** †Paracosoryx nevadensis
** †Paracosoryx wilsoni – or unidentified related form
* †Paracynarctus
** †Paracynarctus kelloggi
* †Parahippus
** †Parahippus pawniensis
* †Parapliohippus
** †Parapliohippus carrizoensis – or unidentified comparable form
* †Parapliosaccomys
** †Parapliosaccomys oregonensis
* †Paratomarctus
** †Paratomarctus temerarius
* †Paronychomys
** †Paronychomys lemredfieldi – or unidentified comparable form
* †Pauromys
** †Pauromys exallos
* †Peraceras
** †Peraceras profectum
** †Peraceras superciliosum
* †Perognathoides
** †Perognathoides quartus
* Perognathus
** †Perognathus minutus – or unidentified comparable form
* A living Peromyscus, or deer mouse Peromyscus
** †Peromyscus antiquus – type locality for species
** †Peromyscus dentalis
* †Pewelagus
** †Pewelagus dawsonae
* Phenacomys
** †Phenacomys gryci – or unidentified comparable form
* Phrynosoma
** †Phrynosoma platyrhinos
* Picea
** †Picea lahontense
** †Picea magna
** †Picea sonomensis
* A living Pinus, or pine tree Pinus
** †Pinus alvordensis
** †Pinus balfouroides
** †Pinus florissanti
** †Pinus ponderosoides
** †Pinus prelambertiana
** †Pinus quinifolia
** †Pinus sturgisii
** †Pinus tiptoniana
** †Pinus wheeleri
* Pituophis
** †Pituophis catenifer
* Platanus
** †Platanus bendirei
** †Platanus dissecta
** †Platanus paucidentata
* Restoration of a herd of alarmed Miocene-Pleistocene peccaries of the genus Platygonus. Charles R. Knight (1922). †Platygonus
** †Platygonus pearcei – or unidentified comparable form
* †Pleiolama
** †Pleiolama vera
* †Plesiosorex
** †Plesiosorex latidens
* †Pliauchenia
* †Pliogale
** †Pliogale furlongi – type locality for species
* †Pliohippus
** †Pliohippus fairbanksi – or unidentified comparable form
** †Pliohippus spectans
* †Pliosaccomys
** †Pliosaccomys dubius – type locality for species
* †Pliotaxidea
** †Pliotaxidea nevadensis
* †Pliozapus
** †Pliozapus solus – type locality for species
* †Pontoniella – tentative report
* †Populas
** †Populas eotremuloides
* Montage of photographs in spring (top left), summer (top right), autumn (bottom left), and winter (bottom right) of Populus, or poplar tree Populus
** †Populus alexanderi
** †Populus bonhamii
** †Populus cedrusensis
** †Populus eotremuloidea
** †Populus eotremuloides
** †Populus payettensis
** †Populus pliotremuloides
** †Populus sonorensis
** †Populus subwashoensis – type locality for species
** †Populus washoensis
* †Problastomeryx
** †Problastomeryx primus
* †Procamelus
** †Procamelus grandis – or unidentified comparable form
* †Prodipodomys
* †Prodipoides
** †Prodipoides dividerus – type locality for species
** †Prodipoides lecontei
* †Pronotolagus
** †Pronotolagus nevadensis – type locality for species
* †Prosthennops
** †Prosthennops niobrarensis – or unidentified comparable form
* †Protolabis
** †Protolabis coartatus
** †Protolabis heterodontus
* †Protomarctus
** †Protomarctus optatus
* †Protomelanitta
** †Protomelanitta bakeri – type locality for species
* †Protospermophilus
** †Protospermophilus angusticeps
* Prunus
** †Prunus chaneyi
** †Prunus chaneyii
** †Prunus moragensis
** †Prunus treasheri
* Restoration of the Miocene cat Pseudaelurus †Pseudaelurus
** †Pseudaelurus intrepidus
* †Pseudocamponotus – type locality for genus
** †Pseudocamponotus elkoanus – type locality for species
* †Pseudotrimylus
* †Pseudotsuga
** †Pseudotsuga sonomensis
* Pteridium
** †Pteridium scalabazensis
* Pterocarya
** †Pterocarya mixta

## Q

* A
* B
* C
* D
* E
* F
* G
* H
* I
* J
* K
* L
* M
* N
* O
* P
* Q
* R
* S
* T
* U
* V
* W
* X
* Y
* Z
* A living Quercus, or oak tree Quercus
** †Quercus hannibali
** †Quercus hannibalii
** †Quercus pollardiana
** †Quercus prelobata
** †Quercus renoana
** †Quercus shrevoides
** †Quercus simulata
** †Quercus wislizenoides

## R

* A
* B
* C
* D
* E
* F
* G
* H
* I
* J
* K
* L
* M
* N
* O
* P
* Q
* R
* S
* T
* U
* V
* W
* X
* Y
* Z
* †Rana
** †Rana johnsoni – type locality for species
** A living Lithobates pipiens (sometimes Rana pipiens), or northern leopard frog †Rana pipiens
* †Reithroparamys
** †Reithroparamys delicatissimus
** †Reithroparamys huerfanensis – or unidentified comparable form
* †Repomys
** †Repomys gustelyi – or unidentified comparable form
** †Repomys panacaensis
* †Rhamnus
** †Rhamnus columbiana
** †Rhamnus precalifornica
* Rhododendron
** †Rhododendron gianellana
* Restoration of the Miocene-Pliocene elephant relative Rhynchotherium †Rhynchotherium
* Rhyncolus
** †Rhyncolus kathrynae – type locality for species
* †Ribes
** †Ribes barrowsii
** †Ribes bonhamii
** †Ribes galeana
** †Ribes stanfordianum
** †Ribes webbi
* †Robinia
** †Robinia bisonensis
** †Robinia californica
* Rosa
** †Rosa harneyana
** †Rosa schornii

## S

* A
* B
* C
* D
* E
* F
* G
* H
* I
* J
* K
* L
* M
* N
* O
* P
* Q
* R
* S
* T
* U
* V
* W
* X
* Y
* Z
* A living Salix, or willow Salix
** †Salix boisiensis
** †Salix churchillensis
** †Salix desatoyana
** †Salix inquirenda
** †Salix knowltoni
** †Salix laevigatoides
** †Salix owyheeana
** †Salix payettensis
** †Salix pelviga
** †Salix storeyana
** †Salix truckeana
** †Salix venosiuscula
** †Salix wildcatensis
* †Satherium
** †Satherium piscinarium
* Sauromalus
** Chuckwalla †Sauromalus obesus
* Scapanus
* †Sciuravus
* Sciurus
** †Sciurus olsoni – type locality for species
* †Sequoiadendron
** †Sequoiadendron chaneyi – type locality for species
** †Sequoiadendron chaneyii
* †Similidrepan – type locality for genus
** †Similidrepan pulawskii – type locality for species
* †Sinocapra
** †Sinocapra willdownsi – type locality for species
* Fossilized skeleton of the Eocene-Oligocene creodont mammal Sinopa †Sinopa
** †Sinopa rapax
* †Sophora
** †Sophora spokanensis
* †Sorbus
** †Sorbus cassiana
** †Sorbus idahoensis
** †Sorbus macjannetii
* Sorex
* †Sparganium
** †Sparganium nevadense
* Spea
** †Spea alexanderi – type locality for species
* Spermophilus
** †Spermophilus argonautus
** †Spermophilus howelli
** †Spermophilus wellingtonensis
* Sphaerium
* †Sphenophalos
** †Sphenophalos nevadanus – type locality for species
* †Steneofiber
** †Steneofiber gradatus
* †Styrax
** †Styrax middlegatensis
* Life restoration of the Miocene deer relative Subdromomeryx. Robert Bruce Horsfall (1913). †Subdromomeryx
** †Subdromomeryx antilopinus – or unidentified related form
* †Symphoricarpos
** †Symphoricarpos wassukana – type locality for species

## T

* A
* B
* C
* D
* E
* F
* G
* H
* I
* J
* K
* L
* M
* N
* O
* P
* Q
* R
* S
* T
* U
* V
* W
* X
* Y
* Z
* Tamias
** †Tamias ateles
* †Tardontia
** †Tardontia nevadans – type locality for species
** †Tardontia occidentale
* Taxidea
* Taxodium
** †Taxodium oregonensis
* Restoration of the Miocene-Pliocene rhinoceros Teleoceras †Teleoceras
** †Teleoceras fossiger
** †Teleoceras hicksi
** †Teleoceras major
** †Teleoceras medicornutum
* †Tetrapassalus – tentative report
** †Tetrapassalus mckennai – or unidentified comparable form
* †Texoceros
* Thomomys
** †Thomomys carsonensis – type locality for species
* †Thuja
** †Thuja dimorpha
* Fossilized skull of the Miocene oreodont mammal Ticholeptus †Ticholeptus
** †Ticholeptus zygomaticus
* Tipula
** †Tipula nevadensis – type locality for species
* †Tomarctus
** †Tomarctus brevirostris
* †Torreya
** †Torreya nancyana – type locality for species
* †Trogolemur
** †Trogolemur myodes
* †Tsuga
** †Tsuga mertensioides
** †Tsuga sonomensis
* Typha
** †Typha lesquereuxi
** †Typha lesquereuxii

## U

* A
* B
* C
* D
* E
* F
* G
* H
* I
* J
* K
* L
* M
* N
* O
* P
* Q
* R
* S
* T
* U
* V
* W
* X
* Y
* Z
* †Uintasorex
* Ulmus
** †Ulmus moorei
** †Ulmus speciosa
* †Ursavus
** †Ursavus brevirhinus – or unidentified comparable form
** †Ursavus pawniensis
** †Ursavus primaevus – or unidentified comparable form
* Ursus
** †Ursus abstrusus
** †Ursus americanus
** A living Ursus arctos, or brown bear †Ursus arctos – or unidentified comparable form

## V

* A
* B
* C
* D
* E
* F
* G
* H
* I
* J
* K
* L
* M
* N
* O
* P
* Q
* R
* S
* T
* U
* V
* W
* X
* Y
* Z
* A variety of modern Vaccinium species, clockwise from top right: cranberries, lingonberries, blueberries, and huckleberries †Vaccinium
** †Vaccinium sophoroides
* †Viverravus
** †Viverravus minutus
* Vulpes
** †Vulpes stenognathus

## Z

* A
* B
* C
* D
* E
* F
* G
* H
* I
* J
* K
* L
* M
* N
* O
* P
* Q
* R
* S
* T
* U
* V
* W
* X
* Y
* Z
* Zelkova
** †Zelkova brownii
** †Zelkova nevadensis – type locality for species
* Fossilized cranium of the Miocene-Pleistocene mastodon relative Zygolophodon †Zygolophodon