OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Brahim Zaibat

Brahim Zaibat (born 9 September 1986 in Lyon) is a French dancer and choreographer of Algerian origin.

## Biography

Brahim Zaibat start in a hip-hop band called Baby Boom Crew. In 2001, he is part of the Pockemon Crew.
In 2005, he joined as a dancer, the TV show and the tour Star Academy, choreographed by Kamel Ouali.
He left Pockemon Crew in 2008 to dance alongside the Germans, Flying Steps during the Game convection.
In 2012, he danced alongside Madonna during the halftime of Super Bowl XLVI in Indianapolis. That year, he also participates to The MDNA Tour.
In 2013, he became the artistic consultant for the musical Robin Hood. He participated to the TV Show Danse avec les stars 4 on TF1; he came 2nd in the competition with his dance partner, Katrina Patchett.
Since January 2014, he began the tour of Danse avec les stars.
He announced on 31 January 2014 the launch of his show Rock it All, on tour throughout France from late October to early December 2014. His show is a success, with a very positive response from the public and the press. The tour include 23 performances throughout France and Belgium, including three shows at the Casino de Paris displaying complete. This show is nominated to the Prix de la Création musicale 2015 for the Original creation for a show.
In 2015, he participated in a new musical interpretation of The Three Musketeers, for which he played the leading role of Athos, and was also part of the artistic direction of the show.

## Awards

In 2003 he won his first title of world champion at the Battle of the Year. In 2004, he won two league titles in Europe, one in 8 against 8 and the other in duet. In 2005, he won in duet with B-boy Lilou, the Freestyle Session in Seoul. In 2006, he won the UK B-Boy Championships with his crew. A year later, he won, again with his crew, the world championship KB BBOY. In 2010, he won his last title of world champion in Japan.

## Personal life

Brahim was in a relationship with Madonna. They met when Madonna asked him to dance for promoting her clothing line Material Girl Collection presented at Macy's in New York in September 2010. The couple broke up in December 2013.
On 12 December 2015, on the eve of the second round of regional elections where the National Front had won the first round, he published a selfie taken two years earlier with Jean-Marie Le Pen, without his consent, then sleeping in an aircraft on a flight between Nice and Paris. The tweet bears the legend "Put them all K.O. going vote tomorrow. To preserve our fraternal France !!! ". He was sentenced in February 2016 at a euro provision.
# Wolfgang Bösl

Wolfgang Bösl (born 1989) is a retired German Nordic combined skier.
He competed at the 2007, 2008 and 2009 Junior World Championships. He won a gold medal in 2008 and a bronze medal in 2009, both in the team competition. His best individual placement was 14th.
He made his Continental Cup debut in December 2008 in Eisenerz and won his first race in February 2014 in Klingenthal. Competing fairly often on the Continental Cup circuit until 2015, he finished on the podium thirteen times in individual competition, including three victories.
He made his World Cup debut in January 2010 in Seefeld in Tirol, at the same time collecting his first World Cup points by finishing 16th. The 2012–13 season became his breakthrough as he again broke the top 20 in December, before improving to 12th and 9th in two races in Almaty. He broke the top 15 on one more occasion, in February 2015 in Val di Fiemme, before his last World Cup outing came in March 2015 in Trondheim.
He represented the sports club SK Berchtesgaden.
# Marian Lăzărescu

Marian Lăzărescu (born 17 July 1984) is a Romanian luger who has competed since 1999. He finished 15th in the men's doubles event at the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin.
Lăzărescu's best finish at the FIL World Luge Championships was 18th in the men's doubles event at Park City, Utah in 2005.
# Jason W. Fleischer

Jason W. Fleischer is an American electrical engineer, an associate professor of electrical engineering at Princeton University. Fleischer received his Ph.D. in 1999, from the University of California, San Diego. His research is in the area of nonlinear optics, including the use of light to model superfluids and the recovery of images from scenes obscured by translucent materials. In 2007, a team of researchers led by him noted that light waves passing through nonlinear crystals and superfluids have comparable qualities: The collective motion of superfluid particles looks like the coherent waves in laser light. In the January issue of Nature Physics, his team reported that this well-known, but little appreciated, similarity allowed easier and improved observations of superfluid-like and related dispersive phenomena.
# Fireman's rule

The fireman's rule (firefighter's rule) is a common law or statutory restriction on tort actions by public safety officials. In general, the fireman's rule bars lawsuits by firefighters, police officers and, in some jurisdictions, all government safety professionals from collecting on damages that occur in the course of their duties even in cases of clear negligence by other parties.

## Rationale and Use

The principal reason for the firefighter's rule is the assumption of the risk that public safety officers willingly accept as the risks inherent to their professional duties. Said another way, since the very purpose of public safety professionals such as firefighters and police officers is to confront danger, the public is not liable for injuries incurred while carrying out that function.
Although the rule is named after the risks and actions by firefighters, the relationship between danger and duties is similar in all public safety officers, and other professional rescuers. Many jurisdictions have extended this rule to include other public safety professionals.
The determinative factor when applying the firefighter's rule is whether the injury sustained by the firefighter or police officer is related to the particular dangers which they are expected to face as part of their job duties. In situations where public safety professionals are injured while responding to an emergency, the firefighter's rule precludes the public safety professionals from suing individuals whose negligence caused or contributed to the emergency that caused the injury.

## Criticism

The fireman's rule has been heavily criticized for preventing police officers from suing criminals who intentionally lead them on high-speed car chases. In response to one such case, the California State Legislature enacted California Civil Code Section 1714.9 in 1982, which overrides the fireman's rule where the tortious conduct occurred after the defendant knew or should have known of the plaintiff's presence. In Minnesota peace officers are exempted from the fireman's rule by statute.

## Exceptions

In certain states, such as Pennsylvania, the courts have not always applied the fireman's rule. In 1995, the Pennsylvania Superior Court ruled that in regards to landowners, firefighters are viewed as "licensees," and are therefore owed the same duty of care that any citizen who is permitted to be on the property would receive. In earlier decisions, such as 1988's Mull v. Kerstetter, in which a volunteer firefighter was injured after falling into an unmarked and unprotected window well, the court ruled that a police officer entering land in his or her official capacity and in response to a call for assistance is generally considered a licensee. Therefore, the landowner is responsible for warning the licensee of any dangerous hidden conditions on the premises.
# Brasinorhynchus

Brasinorhynchus is an extinct genus of derived stenaulorhynchine known from the late Middle Triassic (Ladinian stage) Santa Maria Formation of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. It contains a single species, Brasinorhynchus mariantensis.

## Description

B. mariantensis is known from two specimens, including the holotype UFRGS-PV-0168-T, a complete skull, atlas, axis and third neck vertebra and the paratype UFRGS-PV-0315-T, right maxilla and jaw, both housed at the vertebrate paleontology collection of the Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre-Brazil. The specimens were collected at the same site, along road RS-240 near the town of Porto Mariante, 28 km east of Venâncio Aires, in the municipality of Bom Retiro do Sul. Since its first description by Langer & Schultz (2000) it became known in the scientific literature as the "Mariante Rhynchosaur" in reference to the town of Porto Mariante. It was finally named as a new genus and species by Cesar Leandro Schultz, Max Cardoso Langer and Felipe Chinaglia Montefeltro in 2016 as B. mariantensis. The generic name Brasinorhynchus comes from Portuguese brasino used for red horses in south Brazil in reference to the red color of the fossils and their resemblance to a horse skull, and from the Greek rhynchos meaning "beak", a common suffix for rhynchosaur genera. The specific name shares its origin with the specimens' old nickname, the "Mariante Rhynchosaur".
B. mariantensis is unique among other known rhynchosaurs by possessing a contact between the prefrontal and postfrontal bones that excludes the frontals from the eye socket. A phylogenetic analysis recovered it in an advanced position with the Stenaulorhynchinae, as the sister taxon of Stenaulorhynchus stockleyi from the late Anisian of Manda beds, Tanzania. B. mariantensis occurs in the Mariante 1 locality that yielded isolated dicynodont remains, which is near Mariante 2 that yielded more complete material referable to Dinodontosaurus, both of which belong to the Alemoa Member beds of the formation. This puts B. mariantensis in the Dinodontosaurus Assemblage Zone which is of Ladinian age, thus making it the youngest known stenaulorhynchine.
# Monthureux

Monthureux, a French placename derived from Medieval Latin monasteriolum ("little monastery"), may refer to:
* Monthureux-sur-Saône
* Monthureux-le-Sec
# Virgil Sălișcan

Virgil Sălișcan (born 26 May 1984 in Ploiești) is a Romanian foil fencer.
Saliscan is a member of CSA Steaua in Bucharest and is coached by Molea Romica. He earned a bronze medal at the 2002 Junior European Championships in Conegliano and reached a quarter-final at the 2003 Junior World Championships in Trapani. That same season, he began fencing in the senior category. He qualified for the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing by earning a bronze medal in the qualifying tournament in Lisbon. where he competed in the individual foil event. He lost the first preliminary match to Great Britain's Richard Kruse, with a score of 6–15.
Sălișcan retired from competition after the 2012–13 season and became a coach at CSA Steaua.
# José Juan Navarro

José Juan Navarro Batista (born 14 April 1981 in Arucas, Las Palmas) is a Spanish weightlifter. Navarro represented Spain at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, where he competed for the men's middle heavyweight category (94 kg). Navarro placed tenth in this event, as he successfully lifted 173 kg in the single-motion snatch, and hoisted 210 kg in the two-part, shoulder-to-overhead clean and jerk, for a total of 383 kg.
# USS Gwin (DD-71)

USS Gwin (DD-71) was one of six Caldwell-class destroyers built for the United States Navy. She was in commission from 1920 to 1922.

## Description

The Caldwells were a transitional design between the "thousand-tonners" of the Sampson-class and the mass-produced destroyers built during World War I. They introduced the flush deck and were known as the first of the "flush-deckers" that were so wet in heavy weather. The ship displaced 1,262 long tons (1,282 t) at standard load and 1,379 long tons (1,401 t) at deep load. They had an overall length of 315 feet 6 inches (96.2 m), a beam of 30 feet 7 inches (9.3 m) and a draft of 8 feet 10 inches (2.7 m). They had a crew of five officers and 95 enlisted men.
The propulsion arrangements differed between the ships of the class. Gwin was powered by two Parsons steam turbines, each driving one propeller shaft, using steam provided by four Thornycroft boilers. The turbines developed a total of 18,500 shaft horsepower (13,800 kW) and were designed to reach a speed of 30 knots (56 km/h; 35 mph). The ships carried a maximum of 205 long tons (208 t) of fuel oil that gave them a range of 2,500 nautical miles (4,600 km; 2,900 mi) at 20 knots (37 km/h; 23 mph).
The ships were armed with four 4-inch (102 mm) guns in single mounts and were fitted with two 1-pounder guns for anti-aircraft defense. Their primary weapon, though, was their torpedo battery of a dozen 21 inch (533 mm) torpedo tubes in four triple mounts. During World War I, the 1-pounders were replaced by 3-inch (76 mm) anti-aircraft (AA) guns and a "Y-gun" depth charge thrower replaced the aft AA gun and the searchlight.

## Construction and commissioning

Gwin, the second Navy ship named for Lieutenant Commander William Gwin, was launched on 22 December 1917 by the Seattle Construction & Drydock Company, Seattle, Washington, sponsored by Mrs. James S. Woods. She was commissioned at the Puget Sound Navy Yard in Bremerton, Washington, on 18 March 1920.

## Service history

Gwin departed Puget Sound on 26 April 1920 for calls at California ports, then transited the Panama Canal bound for Newport, Rhode Island, where she arrived on 2 June 1920. She subsequently participated in operations along the United States East Coast as far south as Charleston, South Carolina.

## Decommissioning and disposal

Gwin was decommissioned at the Philadelphia Navy Yard in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, on 28 June 1922. She remained inactive there until her name was struck from the Navy List on 25 January 1937. Her hulk was sold for scrapping to the Union Shipbuilding Company of Baltimore, Maryland, on 16 March 1939.
# Andreas Günter

Andreas Günter (born 1988) is a retired German Nordic combined skier.
At the 2008 Junior World Championships he won a gold medal in the team competition and recorded 5th and 6th places individually. He made his Continental Cup debut in January 2009 in Eisenerz and won his first race a week later in Klingenthal. Competing fairly often on the Continental Cup circuit until 2013, he finished on the podium twelve times in individual competition.
He made his World Cup debut in January 2008 in Seefeld in Tirol, finishing 36th. He collected his first World Cup points in March 2008 in Holmenkollen, recording 26th and 20th-place finishes. He improved further to 17th in February 2009 in Seefeld. Managing to finish 20th on three more occasions, he never broke the top 15, and his last World Cup outing came in January 2013 in Klingenthal.
He represented the sports club SV Baiersbronn.
# Amy C. Foster

Amy Carole Foster (née Turner) is an American engineer who is an associate professor in the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering at Johns Hopkins University. Her work considers nonlinear optics and silicon-based photonic devices.

## Early life and education

Foster studied electrical engineering at the University at Buffalo. She moved to Cornell University for her graduate studies, where she worked with Michal Lipson. Her doctoral research looked at nonlinear optics in silicon waveguides. After earning her doctorate, Foster worked as a postdoctoral fellow at Johns Hopkins University.

## Research and career

In 2010, Foster joined the faculty at Johns Hopkins University. Her research considers the development of silicon-based photonic devices for new technologies. For the encryption of data, Foster developed a nonlinear photonic crystalline disk with input and output waveguides. This device configuration allows for the reproducible scrambling of signals, which creates specific keys for various information inputs. Such devices are almost impossible to clone, and reliably generate a large number of keys for the secure transmission of data.
Foster has served as an Associate Editor of Optics Express since 2016 and was appointed The Optical Society Siegman International Summer School lecturer in 2018.

## Awards and honors

* 2012 DARPA Young Faculty Award
* 2016 Johns Hopkins University Catalyst Award

## Selected publications

* Jacob S. Levy; Alexander Gondarenko; Mark A. Foster; Amy C. Turner-Foster; Alexander L. Gaeta; Michal Lipson (20 December 2009). "CMOS-compatible multiple-wavelength oscillator for on-chip optical interconnects". Nature Photonics. 4 (1): 37–40. doi:10.1038/NPHOTON.2009.259. ISSN 1749-4885. Wikidata Q56004567.
* Mark A Foster; Amy C Turner; Jay E Sharping; Bradley S Schmidt; Michal Lipson; Alexander L Gaeta (22 June 2006). "Broad-band optical parametric gain on a silicon photonic chip". Nature. 441 (7096): 960–3. Bibcode:2006Natur.441..960F. doi:10.1038/NATURE04932. ISSN 1476-4687. PMID 16791190. Wikidata Q28247698.
* Mark A Foster; Reza Salem; David F Geraghty; Amy C Turner-Foster; Michal Lipson; Alexander L Gaeta (1 November 2008). "Silicon-chip-based ultrafast optical oscilloscope". Nature. 456 (7218): 81–84. Bibcode:2008Natur.456...81F. doi:10.1038/NATURE07430. ISSN 1476-4687. PMID 18987739. Wikidata Q34873865.
# Muskeg Lake Cree Nation

The Muskeg Lake Cree Nation (Cree: ᒪᐢᑫᑯ ᓵᑲᐦᐃᑲᐣ, maskêko-sâkahikan) is a Cree First Nation band government in Marcelin, Saskatchewan, Canada.
The Muskeg Lake Cree Nation is affiliated with the Saskatoon Tribal Council, along with six other First Nations.
Noted people from this reserve include World War II servicewoman Mary Greyeyes, the first indigenous woman to join the Canadian Forces.

## Reserves

Muskeg Lake Cree Nation has reserved for itself 15 reserves:
| Reserve | Location | Size | Pop. |
| Asimakaniseekan Askiy 102A | In the city of Saskatoon | 14.3 ha | |
| Asimakaniseekan Askiy 102B | In the city of Saskatoon | 0.2 ha | |
| Lake Pitihkwakew 102B | 35 km northwest of Blaine Lake | 1115 ha | |
| Muskeg Lake 102 | 93 km north of Saskatoon | 7245.4 ha | 274 |
| Muskeg Lake 102B | 67 km northeast of North Battleford | 969.6 ha | 0 |
| Muskeg Lake 102C |
| Muskeg Lake 102D | 43 km southwest of Shellbrook | 131.2 | 0 |
| Muskeg Lake 102E | 49 km south of Shellbrook | 162 ha | 0 |
| Muskeg Lake 102F | 41 km southwest of Shellbrook | 13.9 ha | 20 |
| Muskeg Lake 102G | 27 km north of Blaine Lake | 128.8 ha | 0 |
| Muskeg Lake 102H |
| Muskeg Lake 102J |
| Muskeg Lake 102K |
| Muskeg Lake 102L |
| Muskeg Lake 102M |
# Brawley Formation

The Brawley Formation is a geologic formation in the Colorado Desert of Southern California, located in northwestern Imperial County and eastern San Diego County.

## Geology

Sandstone and mudstone of the Brawley Formation accumulated between ~1.1 and ~0.6–0.5 Ma in a delta on the margin of an arid Pleistocene lake. It is in the San Jacinto Fault Zone area, including in the San Felipe Hills.

### Fossils

It preserves fossils from the Pleistocene Epoch of the Quaternary Period, during the Cenozoic Era.
# Abû 'Umar ibn Sa'îd

Abû ‘Umar ibn Sa’îd (Arabic: أبو عمر بن سعيد) (died c. 1287) was son of Abû 'Uthmân Sa'îd ibn Hakam al Qurashi and last ra’îs of Manûrqa (1282–1287).
In his first year in government, King Peter III of Aragon and his fleet stopped by Manurqa on their way to the city of Constantine (North Africa). Bugron, the Lord of Constantine, had secretly plotted with Peter to convert to Christianity and surrender the city to the Crown of Aragon. According to Ramon Muntaner’s Cronica, Abû ‘Umar sent messengers to North Africa letting know of this plot. The consequences were that Bugron was executed and Peter’s surprise invasion was discovered.
Years later, Peter and King James II of Majorca, (Menorca’s vassal lord) came into a dispute. Peter’s son King Alfons III of Aragon set out from Salou on 22 November 1286 with an invasion force against Manûrqa. This was both to avenge Abû ‘Umar ibn Sa’îd and James II. He arrived on 5 January 1287. Abû ‘Umar ibn Sa’îd prepared himself with mercenary troops from North Africa. The first battle took place on 17 January. Alfons won this battle and Abû ‘Umar ibn Sa’îd and a few of his followers fled to the fortress near Madina al Jazira, nowadays known as the fortress of Santa Àgueda.
On 21 January, Abû ‘Umar ibn Sa’îd, seeing himself outnumbered, signed his surrender with the treaty of San Agayz. He was allowed to leave the island towards North Africa, with two hundred of his followers, the remains of his father, his library and fifty swords. Alfons chartered him a ship manned by a Genoese, which according to Muntaner, encountered a storm off the North African coast and was destroyed. There were no survivors.
# Luisa Spagnoli

Luisa Spagnoli (Italian pronunciation:; née Sargentini; 30 October 1877 in Perugia – 21 September 1935 in Paris) was an Italian businesswoman, famous for creating a women's clothing company and chocolate factory Perugina.

## Early life

Luisa Sargentini was born to fishmonger Pasquale Sargentini and housewife Maria Lo Conte from Ariano Irpino. At the age of 21, she married Annibale Spagnoli, with whom she had three sons: Mario, Armando and Aldo. The couple acquired a grocery store and started the production of dragées.

## Perugina

With Giovanni Buitoni, Spagnoli founded the small company Perugina, headquartered in the historical center of her hometown of Perugia. Perugina initially began with 15 employees.
With the outbreak of World War I when men had to leave for the front, Spagnoli was left to carry on the business alone with her three children, including two sons Mario and Aldo, taking care of them all by herself. After the war, the Perugina factory grew to more than 100 employees.
In 1922, a brand of Italian chocolates called Baci ("Kisses") was created. The recipe for Baci now, nearly around 100 years since it was created, remains the same: dark chocolate, gianduia, chopped hazelnuts and crowned with a whole hazelnut.
By 1939, her chocolate brand Baci Perugina was so successful that it arrived in other countries including the US.

## Angora Spagnoli

After the end of the war, Spagnoli created a new company, breeding poultry and angora rabbits.
In 1928, Spagnoli was the person to think of the idea of using angora yarn for knitwear including shawls, boleros, and fashionable garments which she trademarked l'Angora Spagnoli. At the Fiera di Milano exhibition, her innovation was showcased, and the activity of the company soon expanded.
Being diagnosed with throat cancer, Spagnoli was unable to witness the growth of her company, which began about four years later under the guidance of her son Mario. Giovanni Buitoni moved her to Paris to obtain the best available medical care, remaining with her until her death in Paris in 1935 at the age of 58.

## Industrial development

Following her death, Spagnoli's son Mario (1900–1977) transitioned her company from fine crafts to a more industrialized focus in 1937. He was credited with the invention of a comb for collection of wool and a clamp for tattooing angora rabbits, which were patented in 1942.
In 1947, Mario built the Città dell'angora (Angora city) factory, located at the center of a growing community. In the 1960s, he also founded the playground of the Città della Domenica originally called Spagnolia, that remains a destination for visitors to this day.
Under the leadership of Mario's son Hannibal (1927–1986), entrepreneur and president of Perugia Calcio, production diversified and the family created the network of Luisa Spagnoli shops.
There are now more than 100 shops throughout the world, with the headquarters still based in Perugia.
# Rafael Martínez (gymnast)

Rafael Martínez Barrena (born 10 December 1983 in Madrid) is a Spanish artistic gymnast. He has represented Spain at the World Championship, European and Olympic Level.
He represented Spain at the 2004 Summer Olympics, where he placed 5th in the all-around. In 2005, he was the European All Around Champion. He narrowly missed a medal in the same event at the 2005 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships, where he placed 4th in the Final. He placed 9th the next year. At the 2007 European Championships, he placed 4th in the All Around and won the Floor Exercise title. Martinez was a member of the Spanish Team at the 2007 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships.