OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Perkin reaction

The Perkin reaction is an organic reaction developed by English chemist William Henry Perkin in 1868 that is used to make cinnamic acids. It gives an α,β-unsaturated aromatic acid or α-substituted β-aryl acrylic acid by the aldol condensation of an aromatic aldehyde and an acid anhydride, in the presence of an alkali salt of the acid. The alkali salt acts as a base catalyst, and other bases can be used instead.
Several reviews have been written.

## Reaction mechanism

Clear from the reaction mechanism, the anhydride of aliphatic acid must contain at least 2 α-H for the reaction to occur. The above mechanism is not universally accepted, as several other versions exist, including decarboxylation without acetic group transfer.

## Applications

* Salicylaldehyde converted to coumarin using acetic anhydride with acetate as base.
* cinnamic acid is prepared from benzaldehyde, again using acetic anhydride in the presence of sodium or potassium acetate.
* resveratrol (c.f. fo-ti), a phytoestrogenic stilbene is yet another product of this methodology.
# Abdellah Chebira

Abdellah Chebira (born July 12, 1986) is an Algerian professional footballer. He is currently playing as a left-back for USM Annaba in the Algerian Ligue Professionnelle 2.

## International career

In 2006, Chebira was called up to the Algerian Under-23 National Team for a training camp in Algiers. In 2007, he was a member of the Under-23 National Team at the 2007 All-Africa Games. He came in a substitute in two group games against Zambia and Guinea.
On April 16, 2008, Chebira was called up to the Algerian A' National Team for a 2009 African Nations Championship qualifier against Morocco.
# Gartland & Werley classification

Gartland & Werley classification is a system of categorizing Colles' fractures. In the Gartland & Werley classification system there are three types of fractures. The classification system is based on metaphysical comminution, intra-articular extension and displacement, and was first published in 1951.

## Classification

* Type 1: Extra-articular, displaced
* Type 2: Intra-articular, no displacement
* Type 3: Intra-articular, displaced
# Medjå

Medjå or Grong is a village which serves as the administrative center of Grong Municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway. It is located along the river Namsen, at the confluence with the river Sanddøla. The Nordland Line railway runs along the eastern part of the village, stopping at Grong Station. The European route E6 highway runs through the western edge of the village. Grong Church, the main church for the area, is also located in this village.
The 1.13-square-kilometre (280-acre) village has a population (2024) of 1,090 and a population density of 965 inhabitants per square kilometre (2,500/sq mi).
# Millan House

Millan House is a historic co-op in Lenox Hill on the Upper East Side of Manhattan in New York City. The co-op is made up of two buildings located at 115 East 67th Street and 116 East 68th Street, with 57 apartments in total. They are connected by "a formal back garden". The buildings are contributing properties to the Upper East Side Historic District.
The land was given to the Baptist Church shortly after the American Civil War. By 1929, John D. Rockefeller Jr. purchased the land from the church for US$1 million. He hired architect Andrew J. Thomas to design the building. Construction began in 1930. It was completed in 1931.
Early tenants included Simon Flexner, Herbert L. Pratt Jr. (the son of Herbert L. Pratt) and Witherbee Black (of the family silversmith firm Black, Starr & Frost-Gorham). By 1947, tenant J. W. Boardman Milligan insisted upon turning the rent-only building into a co-op. Later, Frank K. Houston, the chairman and chief executive officer of the Chemical Bank, lived here until his death in 1973.
# Martina La Piana

Martina La Piana (born 26 November 2001) is an Italian olympic boxer. She participated at the 2018 Summer Youth Olympics, being awarded the gold medal in the girls' flyweight event.
# Tarek Cheurfaoui

Tarek Cheurfaoui (Arabic: طارق شرفاوي; born 28 June 1986) is an Algerian former footballer who played as a defender.
# Eresus walckenaeri

Eresus walckenaerius is a species of ladybird spider from the eastern Mediterranean.

## Description

While males are very similar to those of Eresus sandaliatus or Eresus cinnaberinus the females are up to 4 cm long. The females often have a red band on their opisthosoma. Adult males can be found from April to June.

## Habits

Their strikingly pink webs are built below rocks. One egg sac contains several hundred eggs, and spiderlings seem to disperse much more than other Eresus species (using ballooning), so that they are not found in large clusters.

## Distribution

This species is found on the southern Balkans, in southern Italy, in Turkey and on islands of the Aegean Sea.

## Name

The species name is in honor of Charles Athanase Walckenaer.

## Subspecies

Eresus walckenaeri moerens C. L. Koch, 1846 (Afghanistan)
# Dolichocephala woodi

Dolichocephala woodi is a species of dance flies, in the fly family Empididae.
# Alam Galindo

Alam Fernando Galindo Gajón (born 21 May 2001) is a Mexican professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Liga MX club Tijuana.

## Career statistics
### Club

    As of 26 September 2022
| Club | Season | League | League | League | Cup | Cup | Continental | Continental | Other | Other | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Tijuana | 2022–23 | Liga MX | 1 | 0 | – | – | – | – | — | — | 1 | 0 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
# UEFA Euro 2024 qualifying Group A

Group A of UEFA Euro 2024 qualifying was one of the ten groups to decide which teams would qualify for the UEFA Euro 2024 final tournament in Germany. Group A consisted of five teams: Cyprus, Georgia, Norway, Scotland and Spain. The teams played against each other home-and-away in a round-robin format.
Originally Gibraltar had been drawn in this group, but they were moved to group B due to Spain not being willing to play them because of the disputed status of Gibraltar.
The top two teams, Spain and Scotland, qualified directly for the final tournament. The participants of the qualifying play-offs were decided based on their performance in the 2022–23 UEFA Nations League.

## Standings

| Pos | Teamvte | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Qualification | | | | | |
| 1 | Spain | 8 | 7 | 0 | 1 | 25 | 5 | +20 | 21 | Qualify for final tournament | — | 2–0 | 3–0 | 3–1 | 6–0 |
| 2 | Scotland | 8 | 5 | 2 | 1 | 17 | 8 | +9 | 17 | Qualify for final tournament | 2–0 | — | 3–3 | 2–0 | 3–0 |
| 3 | Norway | 8 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 14 | 12 | +2 | 11 | | 0–1 | 1–2 | — | 2–1 | 3–1 |
| 4 | Georgia | 8 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 12 | 18 | −6 | 8 | Advance to play-offs via Nations League | 1–7 | 2–2 | 1–1 | — | 4–0 |
| 5 | Cyprus | 8 | 0 | 0 | 8 | 3 | 28 | −25 | 0 | | 1–3 | 0–3 | 0–4 | 1–2 | — |

## Matches

The fixture list was confirmed by UEFA on 10 October 2022, the day after the draw. Times are CET/CEST, as listed by UEFA (local times, if different, are in parentheses).

## Goalscorers

There were 71 goals scored in 20 matches, for an average of 3.55 goals per match.
7 goals
* Scott McTominay
6 goals
* Erling Haaland
4 goals
* Khvicha Kvaratskhelia
* Joselu
* Álvaro Morata
3 goals
* Georges Mikautadze
* John McGinn
* Ferran Torres
2 goals
* Alexander Sørloth
* Gavi
* Dani Olmo
* Lamine Yamal
1 goal
* Grigoris Kastanos
* Kostas Pileas
* Ioannis Pittas
* Giorgi Chakvetadze
* Zuriko Davitashvili
* Otar Kiteishvili
* Levan Shengelia
* Budu Zivzivadze
* Fredrik Aursnes
* Aron Dønnum
* Mohamed Elyounoussi
* Martin Ødegaard
* Ola Solbakken
* Jørgen Strand Larsen
* Stuart Armstrong
* Lyndon Dykes
* Callum McGregor
* Kenny McLean
* Ryan Porteous
* Lawrence Shankland
* Álex Baena
* Robin Le Normand
* Mikel Merino
* Mikel Oyarzabal
* Oihan Sancet
* Nico Williams
1 own goal
* Solomon Kvirkvelia (against Spain)
* Luka Lochoshvili (against Spain)
* Leo Skiri Østigård (against Scotland)

## Discipline

A player was automatically suspended for the next match for the following offences:
* Receiving a red card (red card suspensions could be extended for serious offences)
* Receiving three yellow cards in three different matches, as well as after the fifth and any subsequent yellow card (yellow card suspensions could be carried forward to the play-offs, but not the finals or any other future international matches)
The following suspensions were served during the qualifying matches:
| Team | Player | Offence(s) | Suspended for match(es) |
| Cyprus | Nicholas Ioannou | vs Scotland (25 March 2023) | vs Georgia (17 June 2023) |
# Farid Daoud

Farid Daoud (born August 25, 1989) is an Algerian football player. He currently plays for USM Annaba in the Algerian Ligue Professionnelle 2.

## Club career

Daoud began his career in the junior ranks of his hometown club of JS Kabylie. He left the club briefly to pursue his studies at the USTO before returning to continue his playing career. In 2007, he left JSK to join MC Alger.
On December 12, 2007, Daoud made his professional debut for MC Alger in a league game against WA Tlemcen. Daoud came on as a substitute in the 70th minute with the game ending 0–0.

## International career

On September 14, 2009, Daoud was called up by coach Abdelhak Benchikha to the Algerian Under-23 National Team for a ten-day training camp in France. In December 2010, he was a member of the Under-23 team that won the 2010 UNAF U-23 Tournament in Morocco. On November 16, 2011, he was selected as part of Algeria's squad for the 2011 CAF U-23 Championship in Morocco.

## Statistics
### Statistics

    As of 29 March 2011
| Club performance | Club performance | Club performance | League | League | Cup | Cup | Continental | Continental | Total | Total |
| Season | Club | League | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Algeria | Algeria | Algeria | League | League | Algerian Cup | Algerian Cup | Africa | Africa | Total | Total |
| 2007–08 | MC Alger | Algerian Ligue Professionnelle 1 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 |
| 2008–09 | MC Alger | Algerian Ligue Professionnelle 1 | 14 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 16 | 0 |
| 2009–10 | MC Alger | Algerian Ligue Professionnelle 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 |
| 2010–11 | MC Alger | Algerian Ligue Professionnelle 1 | 8 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 12 | 0 |
| Total | Algeria | Algeria | 27 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 33 | 0 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 27 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 33 | 0 |
# V. Sasi

V. Sasi (Malayalam: വി. ശശി) is a member of 13th Kerala Legislative Assembly, and 14th Kerala Legislative Assembly. He was the Deputy Speaker of KLA from 2016 to 2021. He belongs to Communist Party of India and represents Chirayinkeezhu constituency.

## Career

Sasi was in public service for nearly three decades holding senior positions in government; provided effective direction and governance for the all round development of traditional sectors such as coir, handloom, cashew etc. Served as director, managing director and chairman of various public sector undertakings; member, board of directors, National Textile Corporation, Coir Board; private secretary to Shri. P. K. Raghavan, the Minister for SC/ST development in E. K. Nayanar Ministry; planned, co-ordinated and implemented various development schemes for SC/ST; served as chairman, Kerala Agricultural Workers Welfare Fund Board (2006-2009); Member, Travancore Devaswom Board.

## Personal life

He was born on 12 May 1950 to A. Velu and K. Sarada. He has a bachelor's degree in Engineering. He is married to Suma and has 2 children.
# Milch classification

The Milch classification is a system of categorizing single column (AO type B) distal humerus fractures based on the pattern of epicondyle involvement. It is distinct from the Jupiter classification which is used for bicolumnar distal humerus fractures.

## Classification

| Type | Description |
| I | Lateral trochlear ridge intact |
| II | Fracture through lateral trochlear ridge |
# Alan Zamora

Alan Miguel Zamora González (born 8 April 1985) is a Mexican former professional footballer. He played as a midfielder for Veracruz on loan from Querétaro of the Liga MX. He made his debut March 3, 2007, against Necaxa, which resulted in a 3–0 victory for Atlante.

## Honours

Atlante
* Primera División: Apertura 2007
# Stephen L. Buchwald

Stephen L. Buchwald (born 1955) is an American chemist and the Camille Dreyfus Professor of Chemistry at MIT. He is known for his involvement in the development of the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and the discovery of the dialkylbiaryl phosphine ligand family for promoting this reaction and related transformations. He was elected as a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and as a member of the National Academy of Sciences in 2000 and 2008, respectively.

## Early life and education

Stephen Buchwald was born in Bloomington, Indiana. He credits his "young and dynamic" high school chemistry teacher, William Lumbley, for infecting him with his enthusiasm.
In 1977 he received his Sc.B. from Brown University where he worked with Kathlyn A. Parker and David E. Cane as well as Gilbert Stork from Columbia University. In 1982 he received his Ph.D from Harvard University working under Jeremy R. Knowles.

## Career

Buchwald was a postdoctoral fellow at Caltech with Robert H. Grubbs. In 1984, he joined MIT faculty as an assistant professor of chemistry. He was promoted to associate professor in 1989 and to Professor in 1993. He was named the Camille Dreyfus Professor in 1997. He has coauthored over 435 accepted academic publications and 47 accepted patents.
He is known for his involvement in the development of the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and the discovery of the dialkylbiaryl phosphine ligand family for promoting this reaction and related transformations. He was elected as a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and as a member of the National Academy of Sciences in 2000 and 2008, respectively. As of 2015, he served as an associate editor for the academic journal, Advanced Synthesis & Catalysis.

## Notable awards

Awards received by Buchwald include:
* 2005 - CAS Science Spotlight Award
* 2005 - Bristol-Myers Squibb Distinguished Achievement Award
* 2006 – American Chemical Society Award for Creative Work in Synthetic Organic Chemistry
* 2006 – Siegfried Medal Award in Chemical Methods which Impact Process Chemistry
* 2010 – Gustavus J. Esselen Award for Chemistry in the Public Interest
* 2013 – Arthur C. Cope Award
* 2014 – Ulysses Medal, University College Dublin
* 2014 – Linus Pauling Award
* 2014 – BBVA Foundation Frontiers of Knowledge Award in Basic Sciences
* 2015 – Honorary Doctorate, University of South Florida
* 2016 - William H. Nichols Medal
* 2019 – Wolf Prize in Chemistry
* 2019 – Roger Adams Award, American Chemical Society
* 2020 – Clarivate Citation Laureate
# Lamouri Djediat

Lamouri Ben Kadda Djediat (born 20 December 1982) is an Algerian footballer who plays for USM Bel-Abbès in the Algerian Ligue Professionnelle 1.

## Club career

Born in Sour El-Ghozlane, Djediat began his career in the junior ranks of his hometown club of Entente Sour El Ghozlane. In 2003, he joined newly promoted Algerian Championnat National 2 side Paradou AC.

### ES Sétif

In June 2007, after four seasons with Paradou, Djediat joined defending Algerian Championnat National champions ES Sétif. ES Sétif paid a transfer fee of 22,000,000 Algerian dinars, the highest transfer fee in Algeria at the time.
In his first season with the club, he helped the club retain its Arab Champions League title, beating Wydad Casablanca 2-0 o aggregate in the final. Djediat was chosen as the best player of the competition.

### ASO Chlef

On 24 August 2010 Djediat signed a one-year contract with ASO Chlef. In his first season with the club, Djediat made 24 league appearances, scoring 5 goals, to lead ASO Chlef to its first league title.

### USM Alger

On 27 July 2011 Djediat signed a one-year contract with USM Alger. On 10 September 2011 he made his official debut for the club as a starter in a league match against CA Batna, scoring a goal in the 42nd minute.

## Honours
### Club

* Won the Arab Champions League twice
** Once with ES Sétif in 2008
** Once with USM Alger in 2013
* Won the Algerian Ligue Professionnelle 1 twice:
** Once with ES Sétif in 2009
** Once with ASO Chlef in 2011
* Won the Algerian Cup twice
** Cnce with ES Sétif in 2010
** Once with USM Alger in 2013
* Won the North African Cup of Champions once with ES Sétif in 2009

### Individual

* Chosen as the Best Player of the 2007–08 Arab Champions League
* Top scorer of the 2012–13 UAFA Club Cup
# Alexander van Millingen

Alexander van Millingen DD (1840–1915) was a scholar in the field of Byzantine architecture, and a professor of history at Robert College, Istanbul between 1879 and 1915. His works are now public domain in many jurisdictions.

## Life

He was born in Constantinople the third son of Dr Julius Michael Millingen, court physician to the Sultan, and his wife Zafira Ralli. He was educated at the Protestant College on the island of Malta and then at Blair Lodge Academy at Polmont in central Scotland. He then took a general degree at the University of Edinburgh graduating with a BA in 1861 and an MA in 1862. He then studied divinity at New College, Edinburgh qualifying in 1866. He was then licensed by the Presbytery of the Free Church of Scotland at Dunkeld.
Having a clear wanderlust he was ordained at the Scottish Church in Genoa in north Italy in 1868. He stayed one year before being translated to Pera on the outskirts of Constantinople. He was appointed Professor of English Literature at Robert's College in the city in 1878.
He died at Jervis Wood in Tunbridge Wells in Kent on 7 September 1915.

## Family

He married twice in later life. In July 1879 he married Antoinette Cora Welch, widow of Truman Thomson, of Newhaven, Connecticut. She died at sea in November 1892. In September 1895 he married Frances Elizabeth Hope Mackenzie at St Mary's Cathedral in Edinburgh. She was the daughter of Henry Somerset Mackenzie (b.1870), a judge in the East India Company. Thirty years his junior she lived at 16 Moray Place on the Moray Estate at the time of the marriage. She died in 1929 in Barnet, London. They had three sons.
His sister was Evelina van Millingen, later the Countess Pisani.

## Selected publications

* Byzantine Constantinople: the walls of the city and adjoining historical sites. London: J. Murray. 1899. LCCN 02007428.
* Constantinople, painted by Warwick Goble, described by Alexander van Millingen. London: A. & C. Black. 1906. ISBN 978-1-4655-2780-6. LCCN 06045156.
* Byzantine churches in Constantinople: their history and architecture. London: Macmillan. 1912. ISBN 978-0-902089-72-3. LCCN 13000463.
# Acartauchenius orientalis

Acartauchenius orientalis is a species of sheet weaver found in Mongolia. It was described by Wunderlich in 1995.
# Ginoria nudiflora

Ginoria nudiflora is a species of flowering plant in the family Lythraceae. It is endemic to Mexico.
# Aldo Quintanilla

Aldo Antonio Quintanilla Montes (born 18 May 1995) is a Mexican professional footballer who plays as a forward for Los Angeles Force, in the National Independent Soccer Association.

## Career

Quintanilla joined United Soccer League side Rio Grande Valley FC on 16 March 2018. He made his professional debut on 31 March 2018, playing in a 2–2 draw with Sacramento Republic. On 6 June 2018, Quintanilla was loaned to the Houston Dynamo for their US Open Cup game and scored a brace in a 5–0 win over NTX Rayados.
On 7 September 2020, Quintanilla joined USL Championship side Austin Bold.
# Paolo Serraino

Paolo Serraino (born March 21, 1942), is an Italian criminal and a member of the 'Ndrangheta mafia-like organization in Calabria. He was born in Cardeto, about 10 km southeast of the city of Reggio Calabria.

## Personal

He is the younger brother of the boss of the Serraino 'ndrina, Francesco Serraino (born in 1929), known as the “king of the mountains” for his control over the wood industry in the Aspromonte mountains. At the age of 17, he was already implicated in illegal possession of firearms.
The Serraino clan is related to the Di Giovine clan. The Di Giovine clan, headed by Maria Serraino, a cousin of Paolo Serraino, and her son Emilio Di Giovine was active in arms and drug trafficking in Milan, in northern Italy. The organisation was dismantled in 1993-1995.

## Second 'Ndrangheta war

The Serraino clan was a protagonist in the Second 'Ndrangheta war (1985–1991), which grouped all the 'ndrine in the city of Reggio Calabria into either one of two opposing factions: the Condello, Imerti, Serraino and Rosmini clans on one side, and the De Stefano 'ndrina, Tegano, Libri and Latella clans on the other.
Francesco Serraino was killed on April 23, 1986, in a hospital in the city of Reggio Calabria, with his son Alessandro (born in 1959). He was held responsible for killing Giorgio De Stefano, at the time the boss of the De Stefano 'ndrina, in 1977, at the end of the First 'Ndrangheta war. Paolo and his brother Domenico Serraino (born in 1945) took over the reins of the clan.
Paolo Serraino became one of the leaders in the war. He financed the purchase of several bazookas. The arms were delivered by their relatives of the Serraino-Di Giovine clan in Milan. Both he and his brother Domenico became members of Camera di Controllo, a provincial commission of the 'Ndrangheta, formed at the end of the war in September 1991 to avoid further internal conflicts.

## Arrest and convictions

After nine years on the run, Paolo Serraino and his brother Domenico were arrested in Cardeto in July 1995. He had already been convicted to life in November 1992 for murder and Mafia association.
In 1998, he received a life sentence for ordering the killing in 1989 of the Christian Democrat politician Lodovico Ligato, former head of the Italian State Railways. Ligato demanded a 10 percent bribe on public work contracts, jeopardizing agreements already reached among a so-called "business committee" of local politicians and 'Ndrangheta groups.
In January 1999 he received a life sentence for murder and Mafia association in the Olimpia Trial.
# Ernest James Hayford

Ernest James Hayford, MD, MRCP(Eng), LRCP, BL (23 April 1858, Anomabu – 6 August 1913, London) was a physician and lawyer in the Gold Coast. He was the second African in the Gold Coast to become an orthodox medical doctor after Benjamin Quartey-Papafio.

## Life

Ernest James Hayford was the eldest son of the Rev. Joseph de Graft Hayford, a Methodist minister, and Mary Brew. J. E. Casely Hayford and Mark Christian Hayford were his younger brothers. He was educated at Anomabu, at Cape Coast, and at the Wesleyan High School at Freetown, Sierra Leone.
He became an assistant missionary and head teacher at the Wesleyan Methodist church and school in Elmina, and headmaster of Cape Coast Government Boys School in 1882. After private medical study from 1882 to 1884, he studied medicine at St Thomas' Hospital in London, England, from 1884 to 1888. Specializing in gynaecology at the Rotunda Hospital in Dublin, he returned to private practice in Cape Coast.
He was an executive member of the Gold Coast Aborigines' Rights Protection Society, and his interest in politics led him to study law privately and then at Lincoln's Inn in London from 1910 to 1913. Called to the Bar in June 1913, he died in London later that summer.
Hayford married several times: there is written documentation of two marriages – to Anna Vitringa Coulon (c.1855–1912), daughter of Julius Vitringa Coulon, and Maria Hoogen (1835–1916) – and oral tradition of three other marriages. There were children from all marriages and from another relationship.