OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Post Traumatic Slave Syndrome

Post Traumatic Slave Syndrome: America's Legacy of Enduring Injury and Healing is a 2005 theoretical work by Joy DeGruy Leary. The book argues that the experience of slavery in the United States and the continued discrimination and oppression endured by African Americans creates intergenerational psychological trauma, leading to a psychological and behavioral syndrome common among present-day African Americans, manifesting as a lack of self-esteem, persistent feelings of anger, and internalized racist beliefs. The book was first published by Uptone Press in Milwaukie, Oregon, in 2005, with a later re-release by the author in 2017.

## Post traumatic slave syndrome

Expanding on a hypothesis of "post-traumatic slavery syndrome" (PTSS) by psychiatrist Alvin Francis Poussaint and journalist Amy L. Alexander, DeGruy wrote in her 2001 doctoral thesis that African Americans "sustained a traumatic injury as a direct result of slavery and continue to be injured by traumas caused by the larger society's policies of inequality, racism, and oppression". This is summed up in Post Traumatic Slave Syndrome as:
   Multigenerational trauma together with continued oppression and absence of opportunity to access the benefits available in the society.
In the book, DeGruy argues that PTSS is a result of unresolved post-traumatic stress disorder arising from the experience of slavery, transmitted across generations down to the present day, along with the stress of contemporary racial prejudice (e.g. via racial microaggressions). It manifests as a psychological, spiritual, emotional, and behavioral syndrome that results in a lack of self-esteem, persistent feelings of anger, and internalized racist beliefs.
DeGruy states that PTSS is not a disorder that can be treated and remedied clinically but instead requires profound social change in individuals, as well as in institutions, that continue to reify inequality and injustice toward the descendants of enslaved Africans.
The theory has been generative of subsequent academic work in clinical psychology and black studies.

## Reception

In addition to forming the basis of public lectures and workshops offered by DeGruy and her contemporaries, the research described in Post Traumatic Slave Syndrome inspired an eponymous play, staged at the Henry Street Settlement Experimental Theater in 2001.
Historian Ibram X. Kendi writes that the PTSS hypothesis pathologizes African Americans and is itself racist.
# Dani Carvalho

Daniel Jesus Moreira Carvalho (born 13 October 1995 in) simply Dani Carvalho, is a Portuguese footballer who plays for Fafe as a goalkeeper.

## Football career

On 4 November 2015, Dani made his professional debut with Freamunde in a 2015–16 Segunda Liga match against Feirense.
# Daniel Freitas (cyclist)

Daniel Alexandre Loureiro Silva Freitas (born 10 May 1991) is a Portuguese cyclist, who last rode for UCI Continental team Rádio Popular–Paredes–Boavista.
On 2 May 2023, he received a three-year ban by UCI for doping.

## Major results
### 2009

    2nd Time trial, National Junior Road Championships
    5th Road race, UCI Junior Road World Championships
    5th Overall GP Général Patton

### 2015

    9th Overall Troféu Alpendre Internacional do Guadiana

### 2016

    4th Vuelta a La Rioja

### 2017

    10th Vuelta a La Rioja

### 2021

    3rd Overall Grand Prix Abimota [fr]
    9th Overall Volta ao Alentejo

### 2022

    1st Stage 2 Troféu Joaquim Agostinho
    4th Overall Volta ao Alentejo
    7th Clássica da Arrábida
# Peter Chiswell

Peter Chiswell may refer to:
* Peter Chiswell (bishop)
* Peter Chiswell (British Army officer)
# Didi (footballer, born 1994)

José Diogo Macedo da Silva (born 3 February 1994), known as Didi, is a Portuguese footballer who plays for Vitória Guimarães B as a midfielder.

## Club career

Born in Guimarães, Didi spent his youth career at Vitória de Guimarães, where he started in 2008. In 2013, he joined Benfica B but did not play any match in Segunda Liga, before moving to Braga in the next season.
On 8 December 2014, Didi made his professional debut with Braga B in a 2014–15 Segunda Liga match against Sporting Covilhã.
# Sentence extraction

Sentence extraction is a technique used for automatic summarization of a text. In this shallow approach, statistical heuristics are used to identify the most salient sentences of a text. Sentence extraction is a low-cost approach compared to more knowledge-intensive deeper approaches which require additional knowledge bases such as ontologies or linguistic knowledge. In short, sentence extraction works as a filter that allows only meaningful sentences to pass.
The major downside of applying sentence-extraction techniques to the task of summarization is the loss of coherence in the resulting summary. Nevertheless, sentence extraction summaries can give valuable clues to the main points of a document and are frequently sufficiently intelligible to human readers.

## Procedure

Usually, a combination of heuristics is used to determine the most important sentences within the document. Each heuristic assigns a (positive or negative) score to the sentence. After all heuristics have been applied, the highest-scoring sentences are included in the summary. The individual heuristics are weighted according to their importance.

### Early approaches and some sample heuristics

Seminal papers which laid the foundations for many techniques used today have been published by Hans Peter Luhn in 1958 and H. P Edmundson in 1969.
Luhn proposed to assign more weight to sentences at the beginning of the document or a paragraph. Edmundson stressed the importance of title-words for summarization and was the first to employ stop-lists in order to filter uninformative words of low semantic content (e.g. most grammatical words such as of, the, a). He also distinguished between bonus words and stigma words, i.e. words that probably occur together with important (e.g. the word form significant) or unimportant information. His idea of using key-words, i.e. words which occur significantly frequently in the document, is still one of the core heuristics of today's summarizers. With large linguistic corpora available today, the tf–idf value which originated in information retrieval, can be successfully applied to identify the key words of a text: If for example the word cat occurs significantly more often in the text to be summarized (TF = "term frequency") than in the corpus (IDF means "inverse document frequency"; here the corpus is meant by document), then cat is likely to be an important word of the text; the text may in fact be a text about cats.
# Djô

Jorge Augusto Fernandes (born 11 January 1986), known as Djô, is a Portuguese futsal player who plays for Leões Porto Salvo and the Portugal national team.
# Ednilson

Ednilson Pedro Rocha Andrade Mendes (born 25 September 1982), known simply as Ednilson, is a Bissau-Guinean former footballer who played as a defensive midfielder.

## Club career

Ednilson was born in Bissau, Guinea-Bissau, moving to Portugal at an early age. Not yet 17, he was bought by Italy's AS Roma, but in January 2001 moved to F.C. Alverca for 618 million lire, after he refused to extend his initial contract. Without no official appearances, he was sold to S.L. Benfica.
With the Lisbon club, Ednilson was relatively used during two seasons, after which he was loaned to fellow Primeira Liga sides Vitória S.C. and Gil Vicente FC, playing with the latter precisely as Benfica won the national league after 11 years. After almost two years at OFI Crete (only 17 matches combined) he spent some months without a club, after which he rejoined countryman Almami Moreira at FK Partizan – both were youth graduates at Boavista FC – helping the Belgrade team to the double in his short spell.
Ednilson then played one year in Cyprus with AEK Larnaca FC. On 27 November 2009, he signed a 1+1⁄2-year contract with FC Dinamo Tbilisi.
On 21 February 2012, Ednilson changed clubs and countries once again, signing for Vasas SC in Budapest for five months. He was released at the end of the campaign (which ended in relegation), with no official appearances to his credit.

## Club statistics

| Season | Team | Country | Division | Apps | Goals |
| 1999–00 | Roma | Italy | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| 2000–01 | Benfica | Portugal | 1 | 13 | 0 |
| 2001–02 | Benfica | Portugal | 1 | 22 | 0 |
| 2002–03 | Benfica | Portugal | 1 | 8 | 0 |
| 2003–04 | Vitória Guimarães | Portugal | 1 | 8 | 0 |
| 2004–05 | Gil Vicente | Portugal | 1 | 20 | 0 |
| 2005–06 | OFI Crete | Greece | 1 | 4 | 0 |
| 2006–07 | OFI Crete | Greece | 1 | 13 | 0 |
| 2007–08 | Partizan | Serbia | 1 | 14 | 0 |
| 2008–09 | AEK Larnaca | Cyprus | 1 | 5 | 0 |
| 2009–10 | Dinamo Tbilisi | Georgia | 1 | 29 | 0 |

## International career

After having represented Portugal at U21 level between 2000 and 2003, Ednilson accepted the calls of his country of birth, Guinea-Bissau, when their national team was resurrected in 2010, after three years of inactivity. Ednilson made 3 appearances between 2010 and 2011 for Guinea-Bissau.
# Erick Mendonça

Erick Olim Mendonça (born 21 July 1995) is a Mexican-born Portuguese futsal player who plays for Sporting CP and the Portugal national team. Erick was diagnosed with Legg–Calvé–Perthes disease when he was 7 years old and was told it would be very unlikely for him to be able to play futsal again, but after spending the following seven years battling the disease, including time spent in a wheelchair, he made a recovery and returned to futsal.

## Honours

* UEFA Futsal Champions League: 2018–19

### International

Portugal
* FIFA Futsal World Cup: 2021
* UEFA Futsal Championship: 2022
* Futsal Finalissima: 2022
# Karl Mädler

Karl A. Mädler (born 9 December 1902 – 22 October 2003) was a German paleobotanist and palynologist.
Mädler was initially a pharmacist in Seifhennersdorf for a few years and studied the Oligocene fossil flora in the nearby region. From 1931 he studied paleobotany of Tertiary floras with Richard Kräusel and was a research assistant at the Naturmuseum Senckenberg in Frankfurt. Due to unfortunate circumstances, Mädler's planned doctoral thesis initially failed to materialize, but in 1939 he published a noteworthy article on Pliocene fossil flora (known as the "Klärbecken-Flora") found during the construction of the sewage treatment plant in Frankfurt. After WW II, he was initially an assistant supervisor in the Lower Saxony State Museum and from 1955 at the Lower Saxony State Office for Soil Research in Hannover. In addition, he continued his studies at the Technical University of Hannover, where he received his doctorate (Promotion) in paleobotany in 1963. His dissertation "Die geologische Verbreitung von Sporen und Pollen in der Deutsche Trias" on fossil spores and pollen of the Germanic Trias was received as an important contribution to paleobotany. The dissertation was published 1964 as "Beiheifte zum Geologischen Jahrbuch, 65" (Supplements to the Geological Yearbook, Volume 65). In 1967 he retired, but remained scientifically active and published a scientific article in 1992 when he was 90 years old.
In addition to fossil spores and pollen from the Mesozoic and fossil phytoplankton from the Posidonia Shale of the Lower Jurassic, he also worked on pollen and spore material from archaeological excavations and dealt with the leaf systematics of angiosperms from the Cretaceous and Tertiary.
   Karl Mädler is remembered as a modest man never really boosting himself, but he was well recognized by the community of German speaking palaeontologists. In spite of a number of pioneering contributions to palaeobotany and palynology, his international recognition regrettably always remained limited because he published his work mostly in German; only three out of his 54 publications are in English. An appreciation of Karl Mädler was published by Benda (1996) in a special issue (200) of the „Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie - Abhandlungen“ at the occasion of his 95th birthday.
# Felipe Cunha e Silva

Felipe Cunha e Silva (born 31 March 1997) is a Portuguese tennis player in the ITF Men's Circuit. In April 2016, he made his ATP World Tour debut in the doubles event of the 2016 Estoril Open. He reached a doubles career high No. 371 in April 2017 and is a son of retired tennis player João Cunha e Silva.

## ITF men's doubles career record

* Category
* Futures (6–3)
* Surface
* Hard (3–1)
* Clay (4–2)
* Grass (0–0)
* Carpet (0–0)
* Setting
* Outdoors (7–3)
* Indoors (0–0)
| Outcome | Date | Category | Tournament | Surface | Partner | Opponents | Score |
| Winner | 3 – 8 November 2015 | Futures | El Kantaoui, Tunisia F30 | Hard | João Domingues | Samuel Ribeiro Navarrete Bernabé Zapata Miralles | 7–6$^{(7–4)}$, 6–1 |
| Runner-up | 17 – 22 May 2016 | Futures | Setúbal, Portugal F6 | Hard | Francisco Cabral | Erik Crepaldi Matthieu Roy | 1–6, 3–6 |
| Winner | 26 – 31 July 2016 | Futures | Castelo Branco, Portugal F10 | Hard | Fred Gil | Scott Clayton Jonny O'Mara | 1–6, 6–4, [12–10] |
| Winner | 8 – 13 August 2016 | Futures | Tangier, Morocco F6 | Clay | Julian Ocleppo | Gianni Mina Alexandre Müller | 6–3, 6–3 |
| Runner-up | 18 – 23 October 2016 | Futures | Hammamet, Tunisia F28 | Clay | Fred Gil | Sergio Martos Gornés Oriol Roca Batalla | 4–6, 4–6 |
| Winner | 25 – 30 October 2016 | Futures | Hammamet, Tunisia F29 | Clay | Fred Gil | Alban Meuffels Lennert Van der Linden | 6–2, 7–5 |
| Winner | 1 – 6 November 2016 | Futures | Hammamet, Tunisia F30 | Clay | Fred Gil | Lukas Mugevičius Gonçalo Oliveira | 7–6$^{(7–2)}$, 7–6$^{(7–5)}$ |
| Winner | 7 – 12 February 2017 | Futures | Hammamet, Tunisia F5 | Clay | João Monteiro | Giulio Di Meo Cristian Rodríguez | 6–2, 7–6$^{(7–4)}$ |
| Runner-up | 14 – 18 February 2017 | Futures | Hammamet, Tunisia F6 | Clay | Wilson Leite | Anis Ghorbel Cristian Rodríguez | 1–6, 2–6 |
| Winner | 29 March – 1 April 2017 | Futures | Lisbon, Portugal F4 | Hard | João Monteiro | Yannick Mertens David Vega Hernández | 6–3, 7–5 |

## Career earnings

| Year | Earnings |
| 2016 | $6,905 |
| 2017 | * $2,022 |
| Career * | $11,779 |
    * As of 10 April 2017.
# Emil Kruse

Emil Kruse (born March 21, 1995) is a Swedish professional ice hockey goaltender. He is currently playing with IK Oskarshamn in the Swedish Allsvenskan.
Kruse made his Swedish Hockey League debut playing with Brynäs IF during the 2014–15 SHL season.
# Filipe Falardo

Filipe Miguel Falardo Casimiro (born 31 October 1983), known as Falardo, is a Portuguese retired footballer who played as a midfielder.

## Club career

Born in Vila Franca de Xira, Lisbon District, Falardo spent most of his youth career with F.C. Alverca. On 25 April 2004, he played his first and only game in the Primeira Liga, coming on as a 22nd minute substitute in a 0–1 away loss against FC Porto.
Subsequently, Falardo alternated between his country's second and third divisions, also having spells abroad in Romania and Cyprus.
# Neutral detergent fiber

Neutral detergent fiber (NDF) is the most common measure of fiber used for animal feed analysis, but it does not represent a unique class of chemical compounds. NDF measures most of the structural components in plant cells (i.e. lignin, hemicellulose and cellulose), but not pectin. Further analysis can be done to the sample to determine individual components such as acid detergent fiber (ADF) analysis.
The process of determining NDF content involves a neutral detergent that dissolves plant pectins, proteins, sugars and lipids. This leaves behind the fibrous parts such as cellulose, lignin and hemicellulose.
Recent nutritional requirement tables for ruminants report limits for NDF intake.
The level of NDF in the animal ration influences the animal's intake of dry matter and the time of rumination. The concentration of NDF in feeds is negatively correlated with energy concentration.
# Francisco Varela (footballer, born 2000)

Francisco Oliveira Alves Varela (born 20 August 2000) is a Portuguese footballer who plays for C.D. Cova da Piedade as a midfielder.

## Football career

He made his professional debut for Cova da Piedade on 26 January 2020 in the LigaPro.
# Fábio Lima (futsal player)

Fábio Daniel Marques Lima (born 16 October 1988) is a Portuguese futsal player who plays for Modicus Sandim and the Portugal national team.
# Wilhelm Meise

Wilhelm Meise (12 September 1901 in Essen - 24 August 2002 in Hamburg) was a German ornithologist. He studied at the University of Berlin from 1924 to 1928, where he did his Ph.D. dissertation on the distribution of the carrion crow and the hooded crow, and hybridization between them under the supervision of Professor Erwin Stresemann, (1889–1972). He also analysed taxonomic and historic relationships between the house sparrow and the Spanish sparrow in particular the status of the "Italian sparrow". He was curator of vertebrates at the Museum of Natural History in Dresden from 1929 until World War II.
Meise produced the first review of bird species new to science in 1934 at the eighth International Ornithological Congress (IOC), followed by an update at the ninth IOC in 1938. He spent three years in a prison camp in Siberia after the war, and joined the Berlin's Natural History Museum in 1948. In 1951, he was appointed curator of ornithology at the Museum of Natural History in Hamburg and professor at the University of Hamburg.
During the 1950s, Meise was the President of the Jordsand Club for the Protection of Seabirds at a time when such endeavours were at an early stage. He undertook an expedition to Angola in 1955 and, during the following years, published several papers on geographical variation, speciation, and evolution of African birds.
Meise produced 47 parts of Max Schönwetter's handbook Handbuch der Oologie between 1960 and 1992, following Schönwetter's death in 1960. The work consists of 3666 pages and presents in detail all species and subspecies whose eggs are known. According to Meise, there are 30000 - 35000 sub-species of birds, and the eggs of only half of these are known to science.
Meise's 170 publications dealt mainly with birds, but occasionally with the taxonomy of scorpions, spiders, lizards, snakes, and molluscs. He retired in 1972, and died aged 100 in 2002.
# Uma Shankar Singh

Uma Shankar Singh may refer to:
* Uma Shankar Singh (Bihar politician) (1940–2013)
* Uma Shankar Singh (Uttar Pradesh politician) (born 1971)
# Gaspar Araújo

Gaspar Araújo (born 17 December 1981) is a Portuguese long jumper.
His personal best is 8.10 metres, achieved in June 2004 in Istanbul.

## Competition record

| Year | Competition | Venue | Position | Event | Notes |
| Representing Portugal ||||||
| 2003 | European U23 Championships | Bydgoszcz, Poland | 20th (q) | Long jump | 7.25 m (wind: 1.2 m/s) |
| 2003 | European U23 Championships | Bydgoszcz, Poland | 16th (q) | Triple jump | 15.41 m (wind: -0.6 m/s) |
| 2004 | Ibero-American Championships | Huelva, Spain | 6th | Long jump | 7.69 m |
| 2004 | Olympic Games | Athens, Greece | 34th (q) | Long jump | 7.49 m |
| 2005 | European Indoor Championships | Madrid, Spain | 5th | Long jump | 7.87 m |
| 2005 | Universiade | Izmir, Turkey | 5th | Long jump | 7.61 m |
| 2008 | Ibero-American Championships | Iquique, Chile | 1st | Long jump | 7.82 m |
| 2009 | European Indoor Championships | Turin, Italy | 23rd (q) | Long jump | 7.44 m |
| 2010 | European Championships | Barcelona, Spain | 19th (q) | Long jump | 7.87 m |
# The Davros Mission

The Davros Mission is a Doctor Who audio play written and directed by Nicholas Briggs. Initially exclusive to the Complete Davros Collection DVD box set released on 26 November 2007, it was later made available for digital purchase outside of the set by Big Finish in January 2012, and has since been branded as part of the I, Davros series. It was recorded on 15 August 2007. The music and sound design were composed by David Darlington.

## Synopsis

After his capture on Necros, Davros is destined to face the justice of the Daleks. He sits alone, isolated in his cell. His creations will no longer listen to him. But out of the darkness comes a voice... Davros is no longer alone in his torment. Before he faces trial on the planet Skaro, he must go through an ordeal that will force him to the very limits of his sanity. But where do his true loyalties lie? How will he face the future?

## Cast

* Davros — Terry Molloy
* Lareen — Miranda Raison
* Alydon and Gus — Sean Connolly
* Computer and Raz — Gregg Newton
* Daleks — Nicholas Briggs
# Carissa Putri

Carissa Putri Sulaiman (born September 12, 1984) is an Indonesian actress and model best known for her role as Maria Girgis in the romantic religious Indonesian hit film Ayat-Ayat Cinta (a.k.a. Verses of Love) in 2008 and "The Tarix Jabrix" on the same year.
Carissa is the daughter of Ris Isa Soelaiman and Lily S.P., an Indonesian actress. Carissa is of Malay-Indonesian-German-Dutch-Javanese descent.
Carissa attended Pelita Harapan University in Indonesia majoring in Faculty of Social and Political Science.

## Career

Carissa started her career as a model and played supporting roles in some of Indonesian soap operas before landing her breakout role in a successful romantic religious film Ayat-Ayat Cinta (a.k.a. Verses of Love) in 2008, based on a best-selling novel with the same title written by Habiburrahman El Shirazy, where she played a leading role as Maria Girgis. On the same year she played on another success comedy film "The Tarix Jabrix".
She also had appeared in many Indonesian drama series including "Satu Bunga Empat Kumbang", "Jangan Pisahkan Aku", "Aqso dan Madina", "Hikmah 3", "Anggun", "Rafika", "Date with Danella", "Mertua dan Menantu", and "I Love You Boss" along with Indonesian presenter and actor, Daniel Mananta.

## Filmography
### Films

* Ayat-Ayat Cinta (2008)
* The Tarix Jabrix (2008)
* Catatan (Harian) Si Boy (2011)

### Television series

* Anggun (with Luna Maya and Ben Joshua)
* Siti Nurbaya
* Hikmah 3
* Jangan Pisahkan Aku
* 1 Bunga 4 Kumbang
* I Love U Bos
* Aqso dan Madina (2008)
* Rafika (2008)

### FTV

* Date with Danella
# Taioha'e

Taioha'e is the main town on Nuku Hiva island. The town is located on a former volcanic crater, which has partly collapsed into the ocean, creating a bay.
This is the site of Fort Madison, set up by Porter in 1813.
# JS Maya

JS Maya (DDG-179) is the lead ship of her class of guided missile destroyer in the Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force (JMSDF). She was named after Mount Maya and shares her name with a World War II heavy cruiser.

## Development

The announcement of a new destroyer class was in August 2015 with the name 27DDG. She was laid down by Japan Marine United in Yokohama, Kanagawa on April 14, 2017, and was launched on July 30, 2018. She was commissioned on March 19, 2020.
On 16 November 2022, the guided-missile destroyer Maya fired an SM-3 Block IIA missile, successfully intercepting the target outside the atmosphere in the first launch of the missile from a Japanese warship. On 18 November 2022, the Haguro likewise fired an SM-3 Block IB missile with a successful hit outside the atmosphere. Both test firings were conducted at the Pacific Missile Range Facility on Kauai Island, Hawaii, in cooperation with the U.S. Navy and U.S. Missile Defense Agency. This was the first time the two ships conducted SM-3 firings in the same time period, and the tests validated the ballistic missile defense capabilities of Japan’s newest Maya-class destroyers.

## Gallery

* JS Maya being launched on 30 July 2018
* JS Maya in Kobe on 23 November 2020