OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 453 BC

Year 453 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Quinctilius and Trigeminus (or, less frequently, year 301 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 453 BC for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

## Events
### Italy

* Ducetius founds the town of Palice

#### Greece

* Pericles, the ruler of Athens, bestows generous wages on all Athens' citizens who serve as jurymen on the Heliaia (the supreme court of Athens).
* Achaea, on the southern shore of the Corinthian Gulf, becomes part of what is effectively now the Athenian Empire. The Delian League had changed from an alliance into an empire clearly under the control of Athens.

#### China

* May 8 – The Chinese city of Jinyang is severely flooded in the Battle of Jinyang, where the elite families of Jin, Zhao, Zhi, Wei and Han fight. The Wei and the Han swap allegiances to side with Zhao and eliminate the Zhi house, ending the Spring and Autumn period of Chinese history.

## Deaths

* Spurius Furius Medullinus Fusus
* Publius Curiatius Fistus Trigeminus
* Sextus Quinctilius
# Valerie Demey

Valerie Demey (born 17 January 1994) is a Belgian professional racing cyclist, who currently rides for UCI Women's WorldTeam Liv Racing TeqFind. She was among the many openly LGBT athletes who competed at the 2020 Summer Olympics.

## Major results
### 2016

    10th Erondegemse Pijl

### 2017

    4th Dwars door de Westhoek
    6th Flanders Diamond Tour
    6th Time trial, National Road Championships

### 2018

    2nd Road race, National Road Championships
    9th Grand Prix International d'Isbergues
    9th Overall Omloop van het Hageland

### 2019

    8th Postnord UCI WWT Vårgårda West Sweden TTT
    9th Mixed team relay, Road World Championships

### 2020

    6th Grote Prijs Euromat
    8th Time trial, National Road Championships

### 2021

    7th Omloop van de Westhoek
    9th Dwars door de Westhoek
    10th Overall Thüringen Ladies Tour

### 2022

    8th Omloop van het Hageland
# Ichthyodectes

Ichthyodectes is an extinct genus of ichthyodectid ray-finned fish which lived during the Late Cretaceous. Fossils of the species included have been found from Canada to Texas.

## Description

Ichthyodectes ctenodon ("fish biter with comb teeth") was an ichthyodectid over 3 m (9.8 ft) in length. It lived in the Western Interior Seaway of North America during the late Cretaceous. It was closely related to the 4–6 m (13–20 ft) long Xiphactinus audax, and the 2 m (6 ft 7 in) long Gillicus arcuatus, and like other ichthyodectids, I. ctenodon is presumed to have been a swift predator of smaller fish. As its species name suggests, I. ctenodon had small, uniformly sized teeth, as did its smaller relative, G. arcuatus, and may have simply sucked suitably sized prey into its mouth.

## Species

* I. acanthicus
* I. anaides
* I. arcuatus
* I. cruentus
* I. ctenodon
* I. elegans
* I. goodeanus
* I. hamatus
* I. libanicus
* I. minor
* I. multidentatus
* I. parvus
* I. perniciosus
* I. prognathus
* I. tenuidens
# Tommy Ghee

Thomas Ghee (1873–1939) was a Scottish footballer who played in the Football League for Darwen and Newcastle United.
# O'Mullod

O'Mullod (Gaelic: Ui Bloid) was a sinecure benefice (Patron: Earl of Egremont) in the Diocese of Killaloe, County Clare, Province of Munster, Ireland.
# Erenice Guerra

Erenice Alves Guerra (Brazilian Portuguese:; born 15 February 1959) was the 41st Chief of Staff of Brazil. She is best known for resigning from the post of Chief of Staff due to credible allegations of corruption and nepotism for which she was publicly reprimanded by the President's Public Ethics Committee. She was born in Brasília and is a law graduate, specialized in health law.
She was Chief of Staff of the Secretariat of Public Security of the Federal District Government and general manager of the Federal District Metro. She was also head of the legal department of the Brasília Society of Collective Transport (TCB).
At the federal administration level, she was manager of Eletronorte, Attorney General of the National School of Public Administration (ENAP), Legal Adviser of the Ministry of Mines and Energy (MME) and consultant of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) at the Ministry of Health. She also worked in the council of the Chamber of Deputies of Brazil.
Erenice was an advisor at Petrobras and the São Francisco Hydroelectric Company (CHESF). Currently she is member of the board of directors of the Brazilian Development Bank (BNDES).
From 2005 to 2010 she held the position of Executive Secretary of the Presidential Staff Office.
# Adam Prazmowski

Adam Józef Ignacy Prażmowski (1821–1885) was a Polish astronomer and astrophysicist of the 19th century. He worked in 1839 to 1850 at the Warsaw Observatory. Among his many discoveries, he discovered the polarized emissions from the Sun's corona in 1860.
# Fien Delbaere

Fien Delbaere (born 21 April 1996) is a Belgian professional racing cyclist, who currently rides for UCI Women's Continental Team Multum Accountants Ladies.
# UAA

UAA may refer to:

## Education

* Universidad Adventista de las Antillas, a private university in Mayaguez, Puerto Rico, part of the Seventh-day Adventist education system
* Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, a public university in Aguascalientes, Mexico
* University of Alaska Anchorage, a public university in Anchorage, Alaska, USA, part of the University of Alaska system
* University of Alberta Augustana Faculty, a faculty of the University of Alberta located in Camrose, Alberta, Canada
* University Athletic Association, an athletic conference of US private university sports teams
* Üsküdar American Academy, a private coeducational high school in Istanbul, Turkey

## Science

* UAA ("ochre"), a genetic stop codon

## Technology

* Universal Audio Architecture, an initiative to standardize audio devices in Microsoft Windows
* Universally Administered Address, a type of MAC address

## Arts

* United Arts Agency, an arts collective located in California, USA
* Universal Academy of the Arts - Dance and Musical Theatre School, UK

## Other uses

* Under Armour (NYSE Class A ticker UAA)
* Uniform Adoption Act, a proposed model law in USA
* United Artists Associated, a former distributor of theatrical feature films and short subjects for television
* University Air Squadron, RAF training unit
* United Assassins Association, fictional organization from the video game series No More Heroes (series)
# James Haddow

James Haddow (1872–1943) was a Scottish footballer who played in the Football League for Darwen.
# Cuspidaria elegans

Cuspidaria elegans is a species of bivalves in the family Cuspidariidae. It is found at 100–200 m (330–660 ft) in sand and mud. It is reported in Indonesia, the Philippines, the South China Sea (the Xisha Islands), Taiwan and the Beibu Gulf. Its Chinese common name is 华美杓蛤, which translates as "colorful scoop clam".
# OW Bunker

OW Bunker, founded in 1980, was a marine fuel (bunker) company based at Nørresundby in northern Denmark. It was the world's largest bunker supplier until its collapse on 7 November 2014. It went from initial public offering (IPO) to bankruptcy in less than a year. The dramatic collapse of the company led to expedited litigation in the English courts (as all the contracts had been declared to be "subject to English Law").

## OW Bunker test case: the Res Cogitans

The case was given priority, progressing from an arbitration through the Commercial Court and the Court of Appeal to the Supreme Court in the record time of only ten months.
The particular factors of this extraordinary case were these: OW Bunker (OWB) was an intermediary supplier of bunkers to ships. In many cases, it subcontracted this to other wholesale suppliers, obtaining fuel from them on credit. OWB did not require its customers to make immediate payment for bunker, but instead allowed the ships to pay for bunker after it was consumed.
After the bankruptcy, the ship Res Cogitans had consumed unpaid fuel, and no money had traded hands. Both OWB's assignee, and the subcontractor which had physically delivered the bunker were pressing the ship's owners for payment. To whom, if anyone, was payment due? Payment was due to OWB by contract, but the subcontractor claimed that the supply of bunker was not a sale of goods, the bunkers were still their property, and they were entitled to be paid by the ship if OWB was not able to pay on the ship's behalf.
The legal question was: "was the agreement to supply bunkers a 'contract of sale of goods' within the meaning of s.2(1) of the Sale of Goods Act 1979 (as amended)?"; to which the answer was "No!".
Instead, it was a special one-off arrangement to permit to consumption of bunkers without transferring property (i.e. ownership) in the goods to the consumer. Thus, although it seemed that the ship had "bought" the bunkers from the seller, nevertheless because of the "Romalpa clause" (a retained right of title provision), the "transaction" was not a "sale" but instead a bailment whereby the "seller" (actually, bailor) granted lawful possession to the "buyer" (actually, bailee), with the right ONLY to use the bunkers for ship propulsion. The bunkers could not be sold, mixed, pledged or trans-shipped. It was noted that, despite being a bailment, the bunkers could be consumed, since bailment requires the goods to be cared for and returned, and that consuming the bunkers destroyed the goods and was thus a tortious act.
The effect of this was that although the ships which had consumed the fuel may have paid for them, after OWB's insolvency, such ships were then liable to pay a second time to the original supplier, since property in the goods had not passed to the "buyer".
The result was that hundreds of shipowners who were impacted by the bankruptcy were declared doubly liable for the fuel cost. This resulted in considerable rewriting of bunker supply contracts, in case another a similar insolvency occurred.
# Shanghai Astronomical Observatory

Shanghai Astronomical Observatory (SHAO) is an astronomical observatory in Shanghai. It has a long history of astrometry and also operates the 25-meter (82 ft) Sheshan radio telescope as part of the Chinese VLBI array and the European VLBI Network (EVN).

## History

It was formed in 1962 from the merger of the Xujiahui (also romanized as "Ziikawei") and Sheshan (Zose) observatories in Shanghai. It was involved with the Chang'e 1 Moon mission as the VLBI array is used for position determinations.
In October 2012 the Tian Ma 65-meter (213 ft) radio telescope was completed for SHAO. It is part of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.

## List of directors

* Li Heng (李珩) (1962 − Cultural Revolution)
* Ye Shuhua (1978−1979)
* Li Heng (1979–1981)
* Ye Shuhua (1981−1993)
* Zhao Junliang (赵君亮) (1993−2003)
* Liao Xinhao (廖新浩) (2003−2005, as executive vice director)
* Hong Xiaoyu (洪晓瑜) (2005−2017, as executive vice director until 2007)
* Shen Zhiqiang (沈志强; 2017–present)
# Frank Winkler

P. Frank Winkler, Jr. is an astronomer and noted subject-matter expert on supernova. He received his doctorate from Harvard and is currently the Gamaliel Painter Bicentennial Professor in Physics at Middlebury College located in Middlebury, Vermont.

## Career overview

Winkler received his bachelor's degree from the California Institute of Technology and his doctorate from Harvard University. He began teaching at Middlebury College in 1969 and is currently the Gamaliel Painter Bicentennial Professor Emeritus of Physics.
Dr. Winkler has calculated the distance for the brightest supernova event recorded in human history, SN 1006, as being ~7,200 light years distant.
Winkler has received multiple U.S National Science Foundation Grants for Supernova research, one of which was for a continued collaboration between astronomers from Argentina and the United States for research that focused on imaging Supernova Remnants. Frank Winkler is also a member of the International Astronomical Union.
# National Art Gallery of Namibia

The National Art Gallery of Namibia (NAGN) is a state-owned art gallery situated in Windhoek, the capital city of Namibia. It was founded in 1990. The goal of this institution is to preserve and encourage art in Namibia.
It displays in a permanent exhibition of Namibian, African and European Art. Exhibitions of local artists as e.g. Uli Aschenborn are also held. As of 2018 Snobia Kaputu was the Chief Executive Officer of the Gallery between 2017 and 2022. Between 2012 and 2017 Hercules Viljoen was the Director.
# Lani Wittevrongel

Lani Wittevrongel (born 12 July 2004) is a Belgian professional track and road cyclist. Most notably, she won a silver medal at the age of 19 in Women's Scratch at the 2024 UEC European Track Championships in Apeldoorn,The Netherlands having won already a gold medal in the same event at the 2022 UEC European Junior Championships in Anadia, Portugal.

## Major results
### 2022

1st Scratch, UEC European Junior Championships

### 2023

    National Track Championships
       1st Scratch
       2nd Omnium
       2nd Points race

### 2024

    UEC European Championships
       2nd Scratch
# Bob Shaw (footballer)

Robert Shaw (1870–unknown) was a Scottish footballer who played in the Football League for Darwen.
# Tryptophan transaminase

In enzymology, a tryptophan transaminase (EC 2.6.1.27) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
    L-tryptophan + 2-oxoglutarate $\rightleftharpoons$ (indol-3-yl)pyruvate + L-glutamate
Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are L-tryptophan and 2-oxoglutarate, whereas its two products are (indol-3-yl)pyruvate and L-glutamate.
This enzyme belongs to the family of transferases, specifically the transaminases, which transfer nitrogenous groups. The systematic name of this enzyme class is L-tryptophan:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase. Other names in common use include L-phenylalanine-2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase, tryptophan aminotransferase, 5-hydroxytryptophan-ketoglutaric transaminase, hydroxytryptophan aminotransferase, L-tryptophan aminotransferase, and L-tryptophan transaminase. This enzyme participates in tryptophan metabolism. It employs one cofactor, pyridoxal phosphate.
# Quadraphonic open reel tape

Quadraphonic open reel tape or Q4 was the first consumer format for quadraphonic sound recording and playback. Pre-recorded tapes in this format were introduced in the United States by the Vanguard Recording Society in June 1969. Specialized machines to play these tapes were introduced by electronics manufacturers such as TEAC Corporation at about the same time.

## History

This was a consumer, or home format based on the much larger and more expensive professional reel-to-reel tape multitrack recording systems that had been built for recording studios by 1954. Professional four-track machines used either one inch or ½-inch tape at a speed of 15 or 30 inches per second (IPS) for the highest quality sound.
Prices of consumer four-track machines were rather high but still affordable. Sound quality was judged to be excellent by home users at the time. Recordings had a relatively high signal-to-noise ratio and the tapes allowed for full four-channel "discrete" playback with superior channel separation over the "matrix" four-channel quadraphonic systems used on LP phonograph records. In order to keep costs as affordable as possible, home machines used slower tape speeds and narrower track widths compared to professional machines. Home models may have also lacked professional features.
Like other quadraphonic formats it was unsuccessful and not widely adopted. Recording companies mostly stopped selling pre-recorded Q4 tapes by the late 1970s.

## Use as home multitrack recorders

As the popularity of four-channel quadraphonic pre-recorded tapes declined, electronics manufactures continued to manufacture the recorders for a new market. In 1972 TEAC introduced the first home four-track recorders with Simul-Sync that were capable of overdubbing. Musicians used them as the basis of home recording studios and created sophisticated home demo recordings for the first time. Some of these recordings were also released commercially to the public. TEAC, and its TASCAM division, as well as other manufacturers sold many of these machines to musicians well into the 1990s.

## Operation

All four tracks are used in one direction on ¼-inch tape, playing at a speed of 7½ IPS (twice the 3¾ IPS speed of many other consumer reel-to-reel tapes). Quadraphonic tapes have only one music program and are "one-sided" in contrast with the two sides of consumer stereo reel-to-reel tapes. The special track configuration and the higher speed of pre-recorded Q4 reels means that the tape length is four times longer than a comparable stereo tape recorded at 3¾ IPS.
The four fully discrete tracks had full-bandwidth (unlike Q8 cartridges which had a more limited frequency range). Q4 tapes used a faster speed and wider track width than Q8.

## Compatibility

Q4 tapes or home four-channel reel-to-reel recordings are not compatible with comparable stereo machines. When these recordings are played on stereo machines only two of the four channels can be heard at a time.
# George Molnar

George Molnar OBE AO (Hungarian: Molnár György) (25 April 1910, Nagyvárad – 16 November 1998, Sydney) was born in Nagyvárad, Austria-Hungary and came to Australia in 1939 as a sponsored migrant, to take up a job as government architect. His talents were such that in Australia he became a much admired cartoonist and an architecture lecturer. Molnar studied architecture and engineering in Budapest, graduating in 1932. He initially worked as a government architect in Canberra. Later he taught architecture at University of New South Wales and University of Sydney School of Architecture, Design and Planning.
His friendship with Bernard Hesling led to his being employed as a cartoonist for the Daily Telegraph from 1945 before moving to the Sydney Morning Herald in 1954.
In 1971, he was awarded an OBE for services to journalism and architecture. and became an officer of the Order of Australia in 1988.

## Articles

Molnar, George (Summer 1956–1957). "Good Manners in Street Architecture". Quadrant. 1 (1): 37–45.
# Aril (entertainer)

Khairil Azam bin Pilus (born 15 November 1985) better known by his stage name Aril, is a Malaysian singer, actor, dancer and TV host, also known by his stage name of Aril. Aril is the younger brother of late fellow artist Izwan Pilus.

## Career

Aril had hosted some tv program long before he drafted to AF. It was when he little bit known as Ajam Pilus. Later he appeared in Gangstarz 2007 (vocal group talent search) as member of First Edition. He also featured in Xpose- the program had broadcast in Astro Prima about current trend. Aril was interviewed in episode that revealing the rising trend of shuffle dance of that period.

### Akademi Fantasia

Aril joined and became 1st runner-up of the seventh season of Akademi Fantasia, receiving 22% percent of over 4.2 million votes although he was eliminated on the 7th week of the competition, but he was voted back-in by the competition by 'AFMASUK' of the voters, and won the 2nd place in the season 7 final round in May 2009.

### Actor & host

Aril is also an actor, starring alongside another seventh season, student, Akim and past fifth season winner, Mila Jirin in TV show called Kau dan Aku.
He also has a lead role in telemovie call Shuffle Milikku which recently premiered in Astro.
Aril is also the new TV host for Trek Selebriti.
In his singing career, he recently has two released singles: Toksik and Menatap Matamu. Along with show alums Mawi, Mila, Stacy, Hafiz, Akim, Isma and Yazid, Pilus now has his "chart-topping songs" released in a compilation album by Era FM.

### Songs performed on Akademi Fantasia

| Week | Instructed Songs | Original Artist | Result # |
| Week 1 | "Rahsia Perempuan" | Ari Lasso | 4 |
| Week 2 | ""Benar-Benar" "Robot" | Adam Adam | 3 |
| Week 3 | "Andainya Aku Pergi Dulu" | Alleycats | 4 |
| Week 4 | "Lakaran Kehidupan" | Siti Nurhaliza | 7 |
| Week 5 | "Aku dan Dirimu" with Marsha | Ari Lasso & Bunga Citra Lestari | 7 |
| Week 6 | "Yang Pernah" | Estranged | 4 |
| Week 7 | "Nakal" | Gigi | 7(eliminated) |
| Week 8 | "(none)" | - | - |
| Week 9 | "(none)" | - | - |
| Finale | "Kasih Tak Sayang" "Toksik" | Padi Aril | 2 |

## Filmography
### TV Series

| Year | Title | Role | TV Network |
| 2009-10 | Kau dan Aku | Himself | Astro Ria |
| 2012-13 | Kau dan Aku (Season 2) | Himself | Astro Ria |
| 2018 | Ammar & Opie | Malik | TV3 |

### Telemovie

| Year | Title | Role | TV Network | Notes |
| 2010 | Shuffle Milikku | | Astro Ria | |

### Television

| Year | Title | Role | TV Network | Notes |
| 2010 - 11 | Trek Selebriti | Himself (Host) | Astro Ria | |
| 2016 - 17 | CCTV | Himself - with Aliff Farhan (Host) | Astro Ria | |
| 2017 | Air Tangan Bonda | Himself | Astro Maya HD | as an invitation guest with her mother |

## Hardstyle Republic

Aril is known as 'Ajam' the Gambler in the Melbourne Shuffle group 'Hardstyle Republic'. Outside of Malaysian showbiz, he has his own shuffling scene fan-base who are international followers from YouTube.
# North Dalrymple-Hamilton

Captain North Edward Frederick Dalrymple-Hamilton of Bargany CVO DL (17 February 1922 – 8 July 2014) was a Royal Navy officer of World War II who, as gun director of the battleship HMS King George V, witnessed the sinking of the Bismarck. His father, Frederick Dalrymple-Hamilton, was the commander of the battleship HMS Rodney nearby.
He was later executive officer of the Royal Yacht HMY Britannia from 1958 to 1960.
He was appointed a Deputy Lieutenant of Ayrshire in 1973.

## Marriage and family

On 23 July 1949, Dalrymple-Hamilton married the Hon. Mary Helen Colville, daughter of Baron Clydesmuir. The couple had two sons:
* (North) John Frederick Dalrymple-Hamilton OBE b. 7 May 1950
* James Hew Ronald Dalrymple-Hamilton b. 4 Dec 1955.
Their older son John was a page of honour to the Queen Mother and to Queen Elizabeth II. He later followed his father in serving as Vice Lord-Lieutenant of Ayrshire and Arran.
# Cosmopterix argentitegulella

Cosmopterix argentitegulella is a moth of the family Cosmopterigidae. It is known from Russian Far East (Amur and Primorye regions) and Jiangxi, China.
The length of the forewings is about 6 mm.
# Alec Smith (footballer, born 1873)

Alexander Smith (7 November 1873 – January 1908) was a Scottish footballer who made 45 appearances in the Football League playing for Lincoln City. He played as an inside right or left half. He also played in his native Scotland for St Mirren and Third Lanark, and in the Southern League for Swindon Town.