OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Whegs

Whegs (wheel-legs or wing-legs) are mechanisms for robot locomotion. Whegs use a strategy of locomotion that combines the simplicity of the wheel with the obstacle-clearing advantages of the foot.
Whegs were pioneered at the Biologically Inspired Robotics Laboratory at Case Western Reserve University. The development of the whegs concept has been done in collaboration with the Ritzmann lab in the Biology department at Case Western Reserve University. The system is inspired by and based on studies of cockroach climbing behavior.
Whegs robots were inspired by the Prolero robot, designed in 1996 at the European Space Agency, and the RHex robot, developed by a multiuniversity effort funded by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency.
Wing-legs are found on flying robots and are wings dual-purposed as legs for locomotion when the robot is on the ground.
# Leo Schultz (councillor)

Sir Joseph Leopold Schultz, OBE (4 February 1900 – 21 July 1991) was a British politician who was a dominant figure in Kingston upon Hull during the twentieth century.
He was an active councillor for many years, and was leader of the City Council from 1945 to 1979.

## Biography

Leo Schultz was born in 1900, the son of a Polish immigrant, Solomon Schultz, and his wife (née Hiller).
At the age of 15 he came first in regional exams for a scholarship for Oxford University, but was told that the university was not a suitable choice for someone of his working-class background and Jewish religion. He later became a socialist and used his skills in the realm of public service, his political career began in 1926 as a Labour councillor for the Myton ward of Hull.
In 1919 he met, and in 1928 married Kate (Kitty) Pickersgill.
Before the Second World War, Leo Schultz campaigned for Hull City Council to build bomb shelters. He was successful and the shelters helped save many lives. During the war, he was decorated for his work as an Air Raid Warden, and also served as Lord Mayor from 1942–3.
From 1945 to 1979 Schultz was leader of Hull City Council. His role in Kingston upon Hull's public life led him to receiving the moniker "Lion of Hull", or "Mr. Hull".
He received an OBE in 1946, in part for his work during the war, and was knighted in 1966 for services to local government, he received an honorary doctorate of Law from Hull University in 1979.
Kitty Schultz died in 1975, Leo Schultz died in 1991 aged 91.

## Tarran scandal

After being Lord Mayor, Schultz was implicated in the Robert Greenwood Tarran corruption scandal in Hull Council.

## Legacy

The Schultz had a single son Lionel, They also adopted Robert Rosner, a Jewish-Austrian child who left continental Europe on the kindertransport, who became an architect in adult life.
The Sir Leo Schultz High School was established in the Orchard Park Estate, Hull.
Artist Nigel Boonham was commissioned to produce a full-size statue of Sir Leo Schultz, unveiled at Hull's Guildhall in 2011.
# William A. Newman

William A. Newman (born 1948 in Great Lakes, IL) is an American painter and computer artist residing in Washington, D.C.

## Early life and education

Newman received his BFA at the Maryland Institute College of Art for Painting. His early medical studies were of great influence to his later paintings at MICA, which often involved bloody, gruesome scenes.
After his BFA at MICA, in 1971, Newman spent one year running the Art Store at the Corcoran School of Art. During this time, he met many young artists, with whom he would create the group "The Washington Color Pencil School". These artists also organized an exhibit of the same name at the Corcoran Gallery of Art in 1973.
In 1973, Newman began studying for his MFA at University of Maryland.
Also in 1973, Newman began working as a teacher at the Corcoran School of Art.
In 1979, Newman was diagnosed with Multiple Sclerosis.
# George Campbell (footballer, born 1864)

George Campbell (1 December 1864 – 4 April 1898) was a Scottish footballer who played in the Football League for Aston Villa.

## Career

Campbell began his senior career with local club Renton, who had become established as one of Scotland's leading teams (at that time there were two other Campbells in the line-up, Johnny and Harry, but none of the three men were related). He came into the side at half back after several key players moved on in the wake of Renton's Scottish Cup and unofficial 'World Championship' wins in 1888. The replacements also performed strongly, winning a Glasgow Merchants Charity Cup and being invited to join the Scottish Football League in its first season of 1890–91, only for the Dunbartonshire club and its players to be expelled from the then-amateur competition for matters relating to professionalism. On a personal level, Campbell was invited to a trial for the Scotland national team in March 1890, but did not go further in the selection process after some players absent from the trials became available again.
After Renton's expulsion, Campbell soon signed for English Football League club Aston Villa along with former teammate Jimmy Brown; at the time of the 1891 census the pair were lodging together in Birmingham along with Jimmy Cowan who had come from the same district in Scotland. While Cowan went on to great success with Villa, Campbell and Brown remained on the fringes of the team – neither played in the 1892 FA Cup Final, and both left the club and went their separate ways during 1893 (Brown joined Leicester Fosse).
Campbell transferred back to Scotland with Dundee, playing in their first-ever season after a merger of two older clubs (prompted by the eventual legalisation of professional contracts in the SFL, with larger clubs seen as more likely to prosper). He was appointed Dundee captain and remained there until the end of the 1894–95 season at which point he had to retire from the game due to ill health, which later led to his death in 1898.
# Man and Woman (Léger)

Man and Woman is an oil-on-canvas painting executed in 1921 by the French artist Fernand Léger. The painting is a cubist portrait of a man and a woman locked in a passionate embrace at odds with their depersonalized, industrialized setting. The painting is held by the Indianapolis Museum of Art, United States.

## Description

Léger rejected many aspects of cubism, such as multiple simultaneous vantage points, but retained the trait of reducing figures to their most basic, geometric components. To that end, the woman in this painting consists of curves and the color orange, while the man is depicted in columns and blue. They are scarcely distinguishable from the background, an industrial latticework of beams and girders. In this way, Léger illustrated his belief that, although it might be a struggle, humans could maintain their humanity in a mechanized age, coexisting with technology and burgeoning urbanization. Léger's technique underscores this message, with flat brushwork emulating mass production. The disjointed figures force rapid visual shifts, which simulates the increasing sensory complexity of the machine age.

## Historical information

Léger's battlefront experiences during World War I instilled in him the conviction that art should reflect the new, mechanized world, and be accessible to the average person. He identified strongly with the working class. Man and Woman was created in the middle of his "mechanica" period, when he created grand figures in a mechanical style.

## Acquisition

Man and Woman was acquired by the IMA in 1952, courtesy of the Martha Delzell Memorial Fund. It has the acquisition number 52.28.
# Robbie King (footballer)

Robert James King (born 1 October 1986) is an ex English professional footballer. He was born in Chelmsford.
King began his career as a trainee with Colchester United, turning professional in July 2004. On 9 September 2005, he made his league debut, replacing Pat Baldwin in the 74th minute of a 0–0 draw at Bristol City. He played twice more as a substitute in the league for Colchester and started two Football League Trophy games. In January 2006, shortly after returning from a loan spell with Staines Town, King played for Cambridge United's reserve side and looked set to join them on loan. joining Conference National Hereford United on loan in March 2006 until the end of the season.
On his return to Colchester, King failed to break back into the first team and was loaned to Heybridge Swifts on loan in January 2007.
King left Colchester to join Heybridge Swifts on 16 July 2007.
# Pierre Lequiller

Pierre Lequiller (born December 4, 1949) was a member of the National Assembly of France. He represented the Yvelines department, as a member of the Union for a Popular Movement. He was the Member of Parliament for Yvelines's 4th constituency from 1988 to 2017.
He is a graduate of HEC Paris and Sciences Po.
# FrancoAngeli

FrancoAngeli is one of the largest Italian publishing houses specialized in books and journals for university and post-university studies, as well as for professionals.
Based in Milan and founded in 1955, it has one of the largest Italian catalogues, with more than 17,000 titles and more than 30,000 authors. Each year it publishes more than 1,000 new books and more than 80 journals. The main fields of its publishing activity are: management, psychology, sociology, education, vocational training, economics, business administration, social services, medicine and health, architecture, design, environment, politics, and law.
The founder, Franco Angeli, died November 3, 2007, at the age of 77 years. On November 2, 2008, his name was entered in the "Famedio" (Pantheon) of Milan.
# The Empire of the Steppes

The Empire of the Steppes: A History of Central Asia (French: L'Empire des steppes, Attila, Gengis-Khan, Tamerlan) is a 1939 book written by French historian René Grousset covering the history of Central Asia from ancient times through 1757. The book covers a long arc of history, from the nomadic travels of the ancient Scythians to the final empires of the Mongols in the 18th century. The work was translated into English in 1952 by Naomi Walford and republished in 1970 by Rutgers University Press. Designed for both the lay reader searching for an introduction to the subject, as well as historians of the subject, the book covers a sweep of history covering ten centuries and centers around the careers of three major historical figures in Central Asian history, Attila the Hun, Genghis Khan, and Timur.

## Academic journal reviews

* Huddle, Frank Jr. (1971). "René Grousset. The Empire of the Steppes: A History of Central Asia. Translated from the French by Naomi Walford. New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press. 1970". The American Historical Review. 76 (4): 1204–1205. doi:10.1086/ahr/76.4.1204.
* Grousset, Rene; Walford, Naomi; Luther, Kenneth Allin (1976). "Review of The Empire of the Steppes: A History of Central Asia". Journal of the American Oriental Society. 96 (2): 295–296. doi:10.2307/599841. JSTOR 599841.
* Sinor, Denis; Grousset, Rene (1971). "Review of The Empire of the Steppes: A History of Central Asia". The Journal of Asian Studies. 30 (3): 633–638. doi:10.1017/S0021911800154919. JSTOR 2052468.
* Grousset, René; Huddle, Frank (1971). "Review of The Empire of the Steppes: A History of Central Asia, René Grousset". The American Historical Review. 76 (4): 1204–1205. doi:10.2307/1849340. JSTOR 1849340.
* Grousset, René; Walford, Naomi; Penrose, G. Larry (1972). "Review of The Empire of the Steppes. A History of Central Asia, René Grousset". Journal of Asian History. 6 (2): 187–188. JSTOR 41930062.
* Pierce, Richard A.; Grousset, Rene; Walford, Naomi; Hambly, Gavin (1971). "Review of The Empire of the Steppes: A History of Central Asia". Pacific Affairs. 44 (2): 276–277. doi:10.2307/2755398. JSTOR 2755398.
# KRI Spica

KRI Spica (934) is the second hydro oceanographic auxiliary ship belonging to the Indonesian Navy which was built at the OCEA shipyard, Les Sables-d'Olonne, France, after her sister ship KRI Rigel (933) was completed. Spica is taken from the name of the brightest star in the constellation Virgo.
# Cotinguiba River

The Cotinguiba River (Portuguese: Rio Cotinguiba) is a river in Sergipe, a state in northeastern Brazil. Its source is between the municipalities of Areia Branca and Laranjeiras. It flows into the Sergipe River at the border of the municipalities of Laranjeiras and Nossa Senhora do Socorro. It is approximately 50 kilometres (31 mi) long with a basin of 232.5 square kilometres (89.8 sq mi). The Cotinguiba River is one of the main tributaries of the right bank of the Sergipe River, and flows into the Sergipe in a river bed in the form of an estuary. It passes through the municipalities of Areia Branca, Riachuelo, Laranjeiras and Nossa Senhora do Socorro.
The economy of the region of the Cotinguiba River was closely tied to the height and decline of sugarcane cultivation. After its decline, Laranjeiras alone remained prosperous due to its port. After the abolition of slavery in Brazil, the region went into economic decline and the Cotinguiba was no longer used for inland transportation.
# Trees in L'Estaque

Trees in L'Estaque is an oil on canvas painting by French painter Raoul Dufy, from 1908. It is owned by the Musée national d'Art moderne, in Paris, but placed on loan to the Musée Cantini since 1987. It is a cubist painting.
# Harry Kane (hurdler)

Harry Kane (born 24 May 1933) is a British former Olympic hurdler. Born "Harry Cohen" to a Jewish family in England, he set British and Maccabiah Games records during his career.

## Biography

Kane set an English inter-country record in the 440 yard hurdles, and matched the Scottish all-comers record. In 1952, at the British Athletic Championships he won the 120 yard hurdles with a time of 15.4, and the 200 yard hurdles with a time of 23.3. At the 1953 Maccabiah Games, Kane won the 400 meter with a games record times of 50.5.
In 1954, at the British Athletic Championships he won the 440 yard hurdles with a time of 53.4. In 1954, competing for England, Kane was second in the 1954 British Empire and Commonwealth Games 440 yard hurdles, with a time of 53.3. His personal best in the 400 was 51.5, in 1954, setting a British record. In 1954, he was ranked seventh in the world in the 400 hurdles.
Kane competed for England in the 1956 Summer Olympics in Melbourne, in the 400 meter hurdles.
In 1957, he was ranked eighth in the world in the 400 hurdles. That year, Kane won a gold medal at the 1957 Maccabiah Games in the quarter mile run, won the 400 meter hurdles, and took a silver medal in the 200 meter hurdles, with a time of 25.3 seconds.
In his early athletics career, in May 1949, Kane finished runner up in two flat races in an athletics competition held in Victoria Park, Bethnal Green. Kane finished second in the 220yds sprint to his cousin, Ivor Baylin and Kane finished second to Dove in the 440yds race.
# Virtuality (software design)

Virtuality is a term used by Ted Nelson for what he considers one of the central issues of software design. "Virtuality" refers to the seeming of anything, as opposed to its reality. (This has been the dictionary meaning of "virtuality" since at least the 18th century). Everything has a reality and a virtuality. Nelson divides virtuality into two parts: conceptual structure and feel so in every field these have different roles. The conceptual structure of all cars are the same, but the conceptual structure of every movie is different. The reality of a car is important, but the reality of a movie is unimportant—how a shot was made is of interest only to movie buffs.
The feel of software, like the feel of a car, is a matter of late-stage fine-tuning (if it is worked on at all). But Nelson regards the design of software conceptual structure—the constructs we imagine as we sit at the screen—as the center of the computer field. However, the conceptual structure of almost all software has been determined by what Nelson calls the PARC User Interface, or PUI, on which Windows, Macintosh and Linux are all based. The feel is only icing on top of that.
In relation to new media, Steve Woolgar has proposed 'five rules of virtuality'" that are drawn from in-depth research in the UK on uses of the so-called 'New Media':
* Both the uptake and uses of new media are critically dependent on the non-ICT-related contexts in which people are situated (gender, age, employment, income, education, nationality).
* Fears and risks associated with new media are unevenly socially distributed, particularly in relation to security and surveillance.
* CMC-mediated or 'virtual' interactions supplement rather than substitute for 'real' activities.
* The introduction of more scope for 'virtual' interaction acts as a stimulus for more face-to-face or 'real' interaction.
* The capacity of 'virtual' communication to promote globalization throughout communication that is spatially disembedded encourages, perhaps paradoxically, new forms of 'localism' and the embedding, rather than the transcendence, of identities grounded in a sense of place, belief, experience, or practice.
# Stade du Pays de Charleroi

Stade du Pays de Charleroi is a football stadium in the city of Charleroi, Belgium. It was built for the 2000 UEFA European Championship in Belgium and the Netherlands in replacement of the old stadium known as Mambourg. The name Stade du Mambourg officially changed in front of 25,000 spectators on 24 May 1999 during the inaugural match between Sporting and Metz. It is the home of Sporting Charleroi. Its capacity was 30,000 for Euro 2000 but was reduced shortly after to 25,000 in line with Charleroi's average attendances. The capacity was reduced again in 2013 to 15,000. After the capacity reduction, the stands T2, T3, T4 were covered by a new roof. Between 2014 and 2015, minor adjustments to the seating and compliance of the stands for European competitions have been made. The future of this structure of Charleroi is in doubt as the club plans to move to a brand new stadium in the periphery of the city.

## Important matches

* 2000 UEFA European Championship Group Stage:
| Date | | Result | | Round |
| 13 June 2000 | FR Yugoslavia | 3–3 | Slovenia | Group C |
| 17 June 2000 | England | 1–0 | Germany | Group A |
| 20 June 2000 | England | 2–3 | Romania | Group A |
* 2003-04 UEFA Cup
** R.A.A. Louviéroise 1 - 1 S.L. Benfica
* Football World Cup 2006 - European Qualification Groups
** Belgium 1 - 1 Lithuania
# Tango (1981 film)

Tango is a 1981 Polish animated short film written and directed by Zbigniew Rybczyński. It won the Academy Award for Best Animated Short Film at the 55th Academy Awards. It required several hundred thousand exposures on an optical printer and sixteen hours a day over seven months to make the short.

## Summary

The film depicts an initially empty room. A ball bounces in through the window, and a boy enters to retrieve it and leaves. This series of actions repeats over and over, gradually accompanied by more and more repeating paths of different people through the room. The film ends with the people eventually leaving the room and the boy throws the ball through the window one last time, landing near an old woman lying down. She then gets up, picks up the ball and leaves through the door near her.

## Accolades

* Academy Award for Best Animated Short Film
# USS Longspur (AMCU-28)

USS Longspur (AMCU-28) was a LCI(L)-351-class large landing craft of the United States Navy, later converted to a AMCU-7-class Coastal Minesweeper (Underwater Locator).
The ship was laid down on 22 September 1944 by the New Jersey Shipbuilding Company of Barber, New Jersey, launched on 20 October 1944, and commissioned as USS LCI(L)-884 on 27 October 1944.

## Service history
### 1944–1949

After shakedown LCI(L)-884 departed Norfolk, Virginia on 25 November, steamed through the Panama Canal, and arrived at San Diego, California on 20 December. Following additional training off the west coast, the landing craft sailed on 6 March 1945 for the Marianas, arriving at Guam on 8 April. Two weeks later she was en route to Okinawa, where U.S. Forces were already engaged in the most extensive campaign of the Pacific War.
Upon her arrival on 28 April LCI(L)-884 was assigned mail delivery and smoke station duty for large ships operating off Okinawa. She remained in the vicinity for the rest of the war, playing a part for the fleet in aiding it against the Empire of Japan.
After the war she operated as a mine destruction vessel out of Nagasaki and Sasebo, remaining in Japan until December 1945. Early in 1946, LCI(L)-884 returned to the United States and was decommissioned on 24 March 1947, joining the Atlantic Reserve Fleet at Green Cove Springs, Florida. She was reclassified as Landing Ship, Infantry (Large) LSI(L)-884 on 28 February 1949.

### 1952–1960

LSI(L)-884 was named and redesignated as Coastal minesweeper (Underwater Locator) USS Longspur (AMCU-28) on 7 March 1952, and recommissioned in June 1952. Conversion to AMCU-28 began on 15 November 1953 at the Charleston Naval Shipyard, Charleston, South Carolina, and was completed on 15 May 1954. Longspur was then assigned to the 6th Naval District for harbor defense. Reclassified as Coastal Minehunter MHC-28 on 7 February 1953, she continued operations out of Charleston, South Carolina, until 1 January 1954.
Decommissioned on the first day of the year, she joined the Atlantic Reserve Fleet at Charleston, South Carolina. Struck from the Navy List on 1 January 1960, Longspur was sold to the Mills Marine Co., on 18 May 1960, and was towed away for scrap on 22 June 1960.
LCI(L)-884 received one battle star for World War II service.
# Woman with Animals

Woman with Animals, originally referred to as La dame aux bêtes and Portrait de Mme D.V. or Madame Raymond Duchamp-Villon, is a painting created late 1913 and completed during the month of February, 1914, by the French artist, theorist and writer Albert Gleizes. The painting was exhibited at the Salon des Indépendants, Paris, 1 March – 30 April 1914 (titled Portrait de Mme D.V.). Woman with animals is executed in a personal Cubist style noted by the fusing background and figure, the multiple perspective or successive views at various moments in time of the Mrs. Duchamp-Villon's face and other elements, the freestyle brushstrokes delineating juxtaposing planes. The work was restored in 1940 by Jacques Villon and Robert Delaunay. Formerly in the collection of Marcel Duchamp, the work—along with a 1913 lavis and gouache study of the same subject entitled La femme aux bêtes—has been in the Peggy Guggenheim Collection, Venice, Italy, since 1940.

## Description

Woman with animals (Madame Raymond Duchamp-Villon) is an oil painting on canvas with dimensions 196.4 x 114.1 cm (77.3 by 45.9 inches), signed and dated Alb Gleizes, 1914, lower right.
Gleizes formally resolves a domestic interior scene in a lucid and logically self-conscious synthetic style, as in several other paintings of this period (e.g., Femmes cousant, Kröller-Müller Museum, Femmes assises à une fenêtre, private collection, Portrait of Igor Stravinsky, Museum of Modern Art, and Woman at the piano, Philadelphia Museum of Art). The limited color harmonies of 1910 through 1912 already questioned in 1913 had now been entirely replaced by an unlimited color palette.
The seated woman represents the wife of Raymond Duchamp-Villon, the sculptor who took part in the discussions of the Section d'Or group at Puteaux during 1911 and 1912. She is portrayed as "the epitome of bourgeois complacency", in a large armchair, with her dog and two cats, wedding band, and string of beads. Cubist elements observed here are the fusion of the background and figure, the frontal, centralized pose, the multiple or successive views of the Mrs. Duchamp-Villon's face, the freestyle brushstrokes delineating juxtaposing planes, and the dog's wagging tail seen at successive moments in time. The planar intersections and lines of force "express notions of the dynamic interpenetration of matter and atmosphere." (Guggenheim)
# Viktor Gustafson

Viktor Gustafson (born 22 March 1995) is a Swedish football midfielder who plays for Mjällby AIF.