OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# .38-55 Winchester

The .38-55 Winchester / 9.6x53mmR cartridge (actually .3775 caliber), also known as the .38-55 WCF and the .38-55 Ballard, is a centerfire rifle cartridge. It was based on an earlier cartridge called the .38-50 Ballard Everlasting that was introduced in 1876 by the Ballard Rifle & Cartridge Company. The .38-55 Ballard was originally a Black-powder cartridge as used in Ballard and Marlin Firearms from 1876 onwards for various single-shot target rifles. Their 1893 lever-action rifle was also available in 38-55 using a Black-powder only barrel, or another barrel designated "Special Smokeless Steel" capable of safely using 38-55 cartridges loaded with the then relatively new and higher pressure smokeless powders. It was later offered by Winchester in its Model 1894, who usurped the name calling it the 38-55 Winchester, although it was an exact dimensional copy of the 38-55 Ballard. Winchester continued to use the round in various rifles until about 1940, and also used it in a few commemorative editions of rifles since then. In addition, Marlin offered it in some 336s, and it was used in non-lever action rifles such as the Remington-Lee bolt-action. The .38-55 Winchester is also the parent case for the .30-30 Winchester, .32 Winchester Special, and the .375 Winchester cartridges.
A modernized version of the cartridge debuted in 1978 as the .375 Winchester, designed with higher pressures and to be used in modern firearms only. It is not safe to fire factory .375 Winchester ammunition in rifles chambered in .38-55, especially in older examples. The brass is very similar (shortened by approximately 1 mm (.0394 in)), but using modern, higher pressure .375 loads in an older rifle could cause serious injury to the shooter.
The .38-55 is used to hunt black bear and deer at moderate ranges and is also used in cowboy action shooting side matches.
# Natural (archaeology)

In archaeology, natural is a term to denote a layer (stratum) in the stratigraphic record where there is no evidence of human impact on the environment. While there may be "natural" layers interbedded with archaeologically interesting layers, such as when a site was abandoned for long periods between occupations, the top (or horizon) of the natural layer below which there is no anthropogenic activity on site, and thus where the archaeological record begins, is the point to terminate digging. Usually it is the underlying geological makeup of the site that was formed by geologic processes. It is the goal of complete excavation to remove the entirety of the archaeological record all the way to the "natural", leaving only the natural deposits of pre-human activity on site.
If the excavation is related to development, the impact assessment may stipulate excavation will cease at a certain depth, because the nature of the development will not disturb remains below a certain level. Such an excavation may not reach a natural or sterile layer.

## Issues of definition

Natural is becoming a blurred term in archaeology due to an increased understanding by researchers of natural processes. In addition, through the development of geoarchaeology, scholars believe the natural landscape has a bearing on interpretation of subsequent human activity on any given site. As geoarchaeology continues to influence the interpretation of processes that occur within the archaeological record, the term "natural" has become less useful.
Natural can be a relative term. On urban sites, where research interests may make a detailed examination of the earliest part of the record impractical, rudimentary human or prehistoric activity may go unrecorded, as opposed to an equivalent horizon on a rural site for which the study team's agenda is to look for prehistoric evidence. Chemical and soil process over time often obscure and cause decomposition of cultural materials, and thus a human-occupied layer may look natural. Additionally, early prehistoric tools were manufactured from natural materials, such as bone, stone and fiber; they do not stand out as clearly as metal, glass and plastic. The effect of decompositional processes is that the older an archaeological deposit is, the more it will appear similar to the underlying geology. For some archaeologists, a basic rule of thumb is "the greater the contrast a context has with the natural, the younger it is." Similarly, United States prehistoric archaeologists often rely on significantly diminished counts of lithic flake debitage to assess the excavation unit's trend toward natural stratigraphy. While a trend may be recognized, a stratum is not called natural or sterile, unless it is void of cultural materials.
# Bombardier (rank)

Comparative military ranks :
vte :
Bombardier (/ˌbɒmbəˈdɪər/) is a military rank that has existed since the 16th century in artillery regiments of various armies, such as in the British Army and the Prussian Army. Traditionally the bombardier tended the vents at the top of breeches, handled the final assembly of ammunition and placed the ammunition in the muzzles for the gunners to fire. It is today equivalent to the rank of corporal in other branches. The rank of lance bombardier is the artillery counterpart of lance corporal.

## Commonwealth armies

Bombardier (Bdr) and lance bombardier (LBdr or L/Bdr) are used by the British Army in the Royal Artillery and Royal Horse Artillery. The same applies to the Royal Australian Artillery, the Royal Regiment of New Zealand Artillery, the South African Army Artillery Formation and the Armed Forces of Malta. The Royal Regiment of Canadian Artillery uses the ranks of master bombardier and bombardier, corresponding to master corporal and corporal.
Originally, the Royal Artillery had corporals, but not lance corporals. Unlike a lance corporal, a bombardier, who was junior to a corporal, held full non-commissioned rank and not an acting appointment. The rank was equivalent to second corporal in the Royal Engineers and Army Ordnance Corps.
In 1920 corporals were abolished in the Royal Artillery; bombardiers became the equivalent and acquired the normal two chevrons.
The rank of lance bombardier originated as acting bombardier, an appointment similar to lance corporal and also indicated by a single chevron. The appointment was renamed lance bombardier in February 1918. It became a full rank, along with lance corporal, in 1961.
# European Collection of Authenticated Cell Cultures

The European Collection of Authenticated Cell Cultures (ECACC) houses and supplies cell lines.
It is part of the Culture Collections of Public Health England. The collection is held in Porton Down.
ECACC, which was established in 1984, consists of a team with specialist knowledge which supply authenticated cell lines, induced Pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and nucleic acids to provide stock for the research community. ECACC is one of the first collections of authenticated cell cultures worldwide and now holds cell lines from 45 species including 50 tissue types, 300 HLA types, over 800 genetic disorders and roughly 450 monoclonal antibodies.
ECACC products are trademarked with Public Health England and the trademark cannot be used without a licence agreement which can be requested through contact with PHE Culture Collections. All ECACC products can be found at the culture collections website alongside a range of services such as Mycoplasma testing and training courses for cell culture.
# Švenčionys District Municipality

Švenčionys District Municipality is one of 60 municipalities in Lithuania.
It has significant Polish minority population in Lithuania, with a quarter of the population claiming Polish ethnicity.

## Elderships

Švenčionys District Municipality is divided into 11 elderships:
| Eldership | Area | Population (2021 Census) | Population density (per km$^2$) |
| Adutiškis | 125 km$^2$ (30,888.17 acres; 48.26 sq mi) | 795 | 6 |
| Cirkliškis | 47 km$^2$ (11,613.95 acres; 18.15 sq mi) | 755 | 16 |
| Kaltanėnai | 68 km$^2$ (16,803.17 acres; 26.25 sq mi) | 349 | 5 |
| Labanoras | 290 km$^2$ (71,660.56 acres; 111.97 sq mi) | 205 | 1 |
| Magūnai | 101 km$^2$ (24,957.64 acres; 39.00 sq mi) | 603 | 6 |
| Pabradė | 365 km$^2$ (90,193.46 acres; 140.93 sq mi) | 6,257 | 17 |
| Sariai | 144 km$^2$ (35,583.17 acres; 55.60 sq mi) | 359 | 3 |
| Strūnaitis | 106 km$^2$ (26,193.17 acres; 40.93 sq mi) | 1,002 | 10 |
| Svirkos | 101 km$^2$ (24,957.64 acres; 39.00 sq mi) | 707 | 7 |
| Švenčionėliai | 239 km$^2$ (59,058.19 acres; 92.28 sq mi) | 6,103 | 26 |
| Švenčionys | 164 km$^2$ (40,525.28 acres; 63.32 sq mi) | 5,831 | 36 |

## Demographics

| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1959 | 39,829 | — |
| 1979 | 38,157 | −4.2% |
| 1989 | 38,004 | −0.4% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 2001 | 33,135 | −12.8% |
| 2011 | 27,868 | −15.9% |
| 2021 | 22,996 | −17.5% |

## International relations
### Twin towns — Sister cities

Švenčionys district municipality is twinned with the following towns:
* Świdnica, Poland
# Gwili Andre

Gwili Andre (born Gurli Ingeborg Elna Andresen; 4 February 1907 – 5 February 1959) was a Danish model and actress who had a brief career in Hollywood films.

## Early years

Born in Frederiksberg, Andre had two sisters. Her parents were Carl Axel Andresen and Emma Marie Ellen Sørensen Bruun, they married in 1904. Her parents divorced, and her father remarried in 1917.

## Career

Andre came to Hollywood in the early 1930s with the intention of establishing herself as a film star after working as model in Europe. In 1930, she moved to New York City with her first husband where she was reportedly spotted by David O. Selznick at the premiere of a Broadway show. Selznick was taken by her beauty, and he arranged for a screen test.
She was signed to RKO Studio, and in 1932 appeared in Roar of the Dragon and Secrets of the French Police. While her striking looks were likened to that of Greta Garbo and Marlene Dietrich,$^{:268}$ her acting garnered poor reviews. One newspaper columnist called her "stiff, colorless and completely talentless performer." Despite the poor reviews of her acting, RKO began using her glamorous looks to promote her career. A widespread publicity campaign ensured that her name and face became well known to the American public, but her next role in No Other Woman (1933), opposite Irene Dunne, was not the success the studio expected. Over the next few years, she was relegated to supporting roles which included a role in the Joan Crawford picture A Woman's Face (1941).

## Personal life

Andre was married twice. She was married to realtor Stanisław Mlotkowski in 1929. They separated in 1930 and divorced in 1935. Andre then married engineer William Dallas Cross, Jr. in 1943. They had a son, Peter Lance Cross, in February 1944. They divorced in 1948.

## Later years and death

By the early 1940s, Andre's film career had come to a standstill. Her final role was a minor part in The Falcon's Brother, one of the popular Falcon series, in 1942. She did not return to the screen, but she spent the rest of her life trying to orchestrate a comeback. Andre returned to her native Denmark with her son after her divorce from William Cross, Jr. but returned to New York City in 1954. She eventually moved back to California.
On 5 February 1959, Andre died in a fire that started in her apartment in Venice, California where she lived alone. The cause of the fire never was determined. Upon her death, she was cremated at Forest Lawn Memorial Park in Glendale, California, and her ashes sent for burial at Søndermark Cemetery in Copenhagen, Denmark.

## Filmography

| Year | Title | Role | Director |
| 1932 | Roar of the Dragon | Natascha | Wesley Ruggles |
| 1932 | Secrets of the French Police | Eugenie Dorain | A. Edward Sutherland |
| 1933 | No Other Woman | Margot Van Deering | J. Walter Ruben |
| 1937 | Meet the Boyfriend | Vilma Vlare | Ralph Staub |
| 1937 | The Girl Said No | Gretchen Holman | Andrew L. Stone |
| 1941 | A Woman's Face | Gusta | George Cukor |
| 1942 | The Falcon's Brother | Diane Medford | Stanley Logan |
# Hugh Stubbins

Hugh Asher Stubbins Jr. (January 11, 1912 – July 5, 2006) was an architect who designed several high-profile buildings around the world.

## Biography

Hugh Stubbins was born in Birmingham, Alabama, United States, and attended Georgia Institute of Technology before getting his master's degree from Harvard University's Graduate School of Design where he studied with Walter Gropius, a founder in Germany of the Bauhaus movement. He was to remain on the faculty there until 1972.
He formed Hugh Stubbins and Associates. Its successor company, The Stubbins Associates, merged with Philadelphia-based Kling in 2007 to form KlingStubbins. The New York Times called his 1977 Citicorp Center "by any standard ... one of New York's significant buildings."
Stubbins died July 5, 2006, of pneumonia, at Mount Auburn Hospital in Cambridge, Massachusetts.

## Recognition

In 2021, a spacious food hall named after Stubbins opened on the ground floor of Citigroup Center. The food court, named simply The Hugh, features 17 restaurants, bars, and food vendors.

## Works

Among the buildings he designed:
* 1946 Stubbins family home, Lexington, Massachusetts
* 1957 Kongresshalle, Berlin, Germany
* 1952–1953 Lantern Hill Subdivision in East Lansing, Michigan
* 1959 Administrative buildings at Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts: Irving Presidential Enclave, Gryzmish Academic Center, and Bernstein-Marcus Administration Center
* 1960 Loeb Drama Center, Harvard University
* 1960 Norman and Marion Perry House, Campton, New Hampshire
* 1964 The New New Quad, later known as Butler College, Princeton University (demolished)
* 1964 Coles Tower at Bowdoin College, Brunswick, Maine
* 1965 Francis A. Countway Library of Medicine, Harvard Medical School
* 1966 Southwest Residential Area at University of Massachusetts Amherst
* 1968 The Hotchkiss School, Main Building
* 1968 Forsyth Wickes Addition, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston
* 1968 Jadwin Physics Building, Princeton University
* 1968–1971 Johnson Library Center, Cole Science Center, Franklin Patterson Hall and Dormitories at Hampshire College
* 1970 Usdan Student Center, Brandeis University
* 1970 George Robert White Wing, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston
* 1971 Veterans Stadium in Philadelphia (demolished 2004)
* 1972 Daniel Burke Library at Hamilton College, Clinton, New York
* 1973 Pusey Library, at 27 Harvard Yard, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA
* 1976 Federal Reserve Bank building, Boston, MA
* 1976 Seeley G. Mudd Manuscript Library at Princeton University
* 1977 Citigroup Center in New York
* 1971 College Five, renamed Porter College, University of California Santa Cruz
* 1983 One Cleveland Center in Cleveland
* 1984 PacWest Center in Portland, Oregon
* 1986 Treasury Building, Singapore
* 1988 Fifth Avenue Place, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
* 1988 Nashville City Center, Nashville, Tennessee
* 1990 Salesforce Tower, Indianapolis, Indiana
* 1991 Ronald Reagan Presidential Library in Simi Valley, California
* 1993 Yokohama Landmark Tower in Japan
# This Is Exile

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| Rock Hard | 8/10 |
This Is Exile is the second studio album by American deathcore band Whitechapel. It was produced by Jonny Fay and the band itself and was released on July 8, 2008 through Metal Blade Records. This is the band's first album to feature guitarist Zach Householder.

## Release and background

Upon the release of the record, its sales reached 5,900 in copies, which had it enter the Billboard Top 200 chart at position 118. Three music videos for songs from the album were released. The video for "This Is Exile" was released on June 18, 2008. The music video for "Possession" was released on November 18, 2008 and shown on MTV2's Headbangers Ball. The music video for "Eternal Refuge" was released on June 8, 2009.
This album marked a change in the group's thematic material; while the two demos and the previous album The Somatic Defilement dealt with the Whitechapel murders, "This is Exile" moved past that and into anti-religious and corruption themes, the latter of which would be expanded up further in the next album.
The song "This Is Exile" is available as downloadable content for Rock Band, Rock Band 2 and Rock Band 3. The song is also used in the iPod Touch game, Tap Tap Revenge 3.

## Track listing

All lyrics are written by Phil Bozeman; all music is composed by Whitechapel

## Credits

Production and performance credits are adapted from the album liner notes.

### Personnel
#### Whitechapel

* Phil Bozeman – vocals
* Ben Savage – lead guitar
* Alex Wade – rhythm guitar
* Zach Householder – third guitar
* Gabe Crisp – bass
* Kevin Lane – drums

#### Guest musicians

* Guy Kozowyk (The Red Chord) – vocals on "Exalt"

#### Production

* Jonny Fay – engineering, editing, tracking, production
* Whitechapel – production
* "Zeuss" – mixing, mastering

#### Artwork and design

* Colin Marks – artwork
* Whitechapel – artwork concept

### Studios

* Backyard Studios in Milford, NH, US – tracking
* Planet Z, Hadley, MA, US – mixing, mastering

## Charts

| Chart (2008) | Peak position |
| US Billboard 200 | 118 |
| US Top Hard Rock Albums (Billboard) | 13 |
| US Heatseekers Albums (Billboard) | 2 |
| US Independent Albums (Billboard) | 14 |
# Ibrahim Ilyas

Ibrahim Ilyas Ahmed (Somali: Ibraahim Ilyaas Axmed; born 5 March 2000) is a Somali professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Tanzanian Premier League club KMC. Born a Somali refugee in Kenya, he represents the Somalia national team.

## Club career

In 2020, Ilyas represented the region of Banaadir at the Inter-State Football Tournament.
In 2021, Ilyas signed for Horseed, winning the Somali First Division in his first season at the club.

## International career

On 23 March 2022, Ilyas made his debut for Somalia in a 3–0 loss against Eswatini in the qualification for the 2023 Africa Cup of Nations.
# Kauri Timber Company

The Kauri Timber Company, Limited (KTC) Auckland was from 1888 to 1971 a large logging and sawmilling company in New Zealand.
KTC was formed in 1888, with a capital of £1,250,000, paid up to £750,000, and its operations were of a very comprehensive nature. Besides KTC's headquarters in Melbourne and a branch in Sydney, there were sixteen branches in New Zealand, where the timber was milled, including Hokianga Sawmill Company. The forests owned by KTC made it the fifth-largest landholding company in the country, which removed much of North Island’s native forest, initially kauri and later kahikatea, assuring steady supplies for its mills for many years. Between 300 and 400 men were engaged in the Auckland mill and factory, and throughout the whole of the company's operations in mills, stores, and forests, some 5000 or 6000 people were employed. In its extensive export trade the company employed a large fleet of vessels, and was represented in the markets of Great Britain, Cape Colony, Australia and the South Sea Islands. The operations of the company expanded to Vanikoro in the Solomon Islands, where it merged in 1925 with San Cristoval Estates Ltd. to form the Vanikoro Kauri Timber Company.
The Auckland mill burnt down in 1942 and a new yard opened in Penrose in 1944. The 4-storey office at 104 Fanshawe St, which had been opened in 1882 by KTC's predecessor, Auckland Timber Co, and is now a Category 1 listed building, was sold to Austral Super Paint Ltd and a single storey office opened in the new yard.
KTC was hit by 'the Menzies bloody Credit Squeeze' mini-budget in 1961 and invited Fletcher Holdings to buy KTC's New Zealand assets. First the Christchurch plywood factory, Butler Bros, Stuart & Chapman and Ellis & Burnand were sold on 5 June 1961 for NZ£750,000 (A£930,000), though they were said to be worth well in excess of £1 million. KTC's other New Zealand assets were sold to Fletcher for £1.6 million later in the year. KTC's customers and senior staff were not happy with the takeover, causing profitability to drop. They were merged into Fletcher Challenge in 1981.
Kauri Timber Company was sold to East Asiatic Company in 1971. Chatlee mill at Smithton was upgraded, 'home centres' were opened in Adelaide and Melbourne and Devonport and Deloraine sawmills were sold to J. & T. Gunn. Kauri Holdings Ltd was listed on the Victoria Stock Exchange in 1987.
* Premises at Custom Street West, Auckland, with the Joinery and Box Depart­ments at the left, and the head office at the right, joined by an overhead walkway, ca 1906
* Balustrades and balusters, ca. 1906
* Gates, ca. 1906
* Trusses, ca. 1906
# AS04

Adjuvant System 04 or AS04 is a trade name for a combination of adjuvants used in various vaccine products by GlaxoSmithKline, in particular the Fendrix hepatitis B vaccine and Cervarix human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine. It consists of aluminium hydroxide and monophosphoryl lipid A (MPL). It is the successor of AS03, a squalene based adjuvant used in H1N1/09 and H5N1 influenza vaccines.

## Efficacy and safety
### HPV vaccines

Studies on an AS04-adjuvanted HPV-16/18 vaccine showed a high and sustained immune response to HPV antigens after injection, including in patients receiving subsequent doses. Immune response was enhanced by the MPL component which triggered local NF-kB and cytokine production, leading to increased activation of antigen-presenting cells. Immune response duration was extended by the aluminium hydroxide component. The HPV-16/18 AS04-adjuvanted vaccine showed enhanced efficacy compared to an aluminium salt-adjuvanted formulation, with a higher level of antibodies subsequently detected in the body.
Long-term studies appear to show an adequate efficacy and safety profile.

### Hepatitis B vaccines

AS04-adjuvanted HBV vaccines may be relevant for patients that are non-responsive to other HBV vaccines, including those with immunodeficiency.
# Mihretu Wodajo

Mihretu "Mire" Wodajo (Amharic: ምህረቱ ወዳጆ) is an Ethiopian militiant leader of Fano militia in the Wollo faction. Since 2023, he is currently allied to Fano as part of War in Amhara.

## Life and career

Mihretu "Mire" Wodajo was born and raised in Raya Kobo. The nickname "Mire" was popular among the Fano groups during the Tigray War.
Mire possessed private guns as security force of the government forced him to disarm, leading his exile to Saudi Arabia. While there, he was unable to stay in Saudi Arabia over one year, which was later captured by national police and sent to Ethiopia. Again, he then emigrated to Saudi Arabia after persecuted by EPRDF government until 2018. In 2018, Mire, as wider reforms of Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed, returned to Ethiopia. At this time, Fano groups reemerged in Amhara Region and Mire forged its structure in his birthplace of Raya Kobo. He was responsible for the formation of Fano groups in Gondar, Gojjam and Shewa. During Tigrayan force incursion into Amhara Region, Mire organized Raya Fano groups and managed to acquire weapons during the course.
In addition, Mire formed East Amhara Fano as the war expanded into Kobo as well as he fought for North Shewa outside Wollo. After the 2022 Pretoria Agreement, Fano retreated in one area, but the government effort to disarm the regional force led East Amhara to fight the government force in which Mire attempted to rectify the incident. As the War in Amhara intensified, Mire fought the government force in Wollo faction.
# Aquashicola, Pennsylvania

Aquashicola (locally pronounced ack-wa-SHIK-la) is an unincorporated community located in Lower Towamensing Township in Carbon County, Pennsylvania. Aquashicola is located at the intersection of Little Gap Road and Forest Inn Road north of the Aquashicola Creek and immediately east of Palmerton.

## History

"Aquashicola is an Indian word that means 'Where we fish with the bush nets.' Postal service employees changed the name from Millport to Aquashicola to distinguish it from another Millport in Potter County." "The village was the site of a grist-mill, established in 1806 by George Ziegenfuss Sr. It...remained in use until 1930." "In 1830, a tannery was built along Aquashicola Creek." "The tannery was destroyed by fire in 1874. In 1844, an Evangelical Church was organized. In 1866, the United Methodist Church was formed."