OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Department of Communications and the Arts

The Australian Department of Communications and the Arts was a department of the Government of Australia charged with responsibility for communications policy and programs and cultural affairs.
In December 2019, prime minister Scott Morrison announced that the department would be merged into a new "mega department", the new Department of Infrastructure, Transport, Regional Development and Communications. In response to criticism from the arts sector, Paul Fletcher, Minister for Communications and the Arts said that the merger was merely administrative and would not result in budget cuts.

## History

The department was created in September 2015 following Malcolm Turnbull becoming prime minister, replacing the Department of Communications, and transferring responsibility for the arts from the Attorney-General's Department.

### Preceding departments

* Postmaster-General's Department (1 January 1901 – 22 December 1975)
* Department of the Media (19 December 1972 – 22 December 1975)
* Postal and Telecommunications Department (22 December 1975 – 3 November 1980)
* Department of Communications (3 November 1980 – 24 July 1987)
* Department of Transport and Communications (24 July 1987 – 23 December 1993)
* Department of Communications (23 December 1993 – 30 January 1994)
* Department of Communications and the Arts (30 January 1994 – 21 October 1998)
* Department of Communications, Information Technology and the Arts (21 October 1998 – 3 December 2007)
* Department of Broadband, Communications and the Digital Economy (3 December 2007 – 18 September 2013)
* Department of Communications (18 September 2013 – 21 September 2015)

## Operational functions

The Administrative Arrangements Order made on 21 September 2015 detailed the following responsibilities to the department:
* Broadband policy and programs
* Postal and telecommunications policies and programs
* Spectrum policy management
* Broadcasting policy
* National policy issues relating to the digital economy
* Content policy relating to the information economy
* Classification
* Copyright
* Cultural affairs, including movable cultural heritage and support for the arts
** As part of this function, the department administers a programme relating to the return of Aboriginal Australian human remains and cultural objects, the International Repatriation Program (IRP). This programme "supports the repatriation of ancestral remains and secret sacred objects to their communities of origin to help promote healing and reconciliation" and assists community representatives work towards repatriation of remains in various ways.

## Language revival project

As of 2020, the department is funding the Priority Languages Support Project, being undertaken by First Languages Australia. The project aims to "identify and document critically-endangered languages – those languages for which little or no documentation exists, where no recordings have previously been made, but where there are living speakers". It has so far prioritised 20 languages
# Ani Cordero

Ani Cordero (born 1974) is a Puerto Rican vocalist, drummer, guitarist, and songwriter.

## Biography

Cordero was born Ana Marieli Cordero Garcia in Boston, Massachusetts. Since 1999, she has resided in Brooklyn, New York.
Cordero's work in music began in her teen years in Atlanta, Georgia. She has performed as a solo artist as well as a number of bands, including Cordero, her bilingual rock group with husband and drummer Chris Verene. She has recorded and toured both nationally and internationally.
From the 1980s until 2009, Cordero performed with Man or Astro-man?, Dean and Britta, Josh Joplin Group, Angels of Light, Bee and Flower, and #1 Family Mover. Between 2010 and 2013, she performed with Os Mutantes, Rasputina, Cordero, Tuff Sunshine, and Pistolera, which she helped create.
In 2014, Cordero released her first solo album, Recordar, consisting of covers of Latin American protest songs. In 2017, she released a second solo album, Querido Mundo. Her third album, El Machete, came out in 2019.

## Activism

In 2017, Cordero and Raquel Berrios from the band Buscabulla formed a nonprofit activist organization called PRIMA (Puerto Rico Independent Musicians and Artists). The PRIMA Fund was established to provide emergency assistance to musicians and artists in Puerto Rico after the devastating effects of hurricanes Irma and Maria. The organization has given over seventy grants and organized multiple concerts and events.

## Discography

| Year | Artist | Album | Notes |
| 1997 | #1 Family Mover | #1 Family Mover | Drums, percussion, vocals |
| 1999 | Jack Logan | Buzz Me In | Percussion |
| 1999 | Ani Cordero | Girl-Child-Spirit | Vocals, guitar, drums |
| 1999 | Josh Joplin Band | Useful Music | Background vocals |
| 2001 | Various artists | This Is Next Year: A Brooklyn-Based Compilation | Drums |
| 2002 | Cordero | Lamb Lost in the City | Guitar, percussion, vocals, production |
| 2003 | Bee and Flower | What's Mine Is Yours | Drums, vocals |
| 2004 | Cordero | Somos Cordero | Guitar, timbales, vocals |
| 2005 | Cordero | En Este Momento | Guitar, percussion, vocals, production |
| 2005 | Various artists | For a Decade of Sin: 11 Years of Bloodshot Records | Guitar, vocals |
| 2005 | Josh Joplin | Jaywalker | Percussion, background vocals |
| 2005 | Pistolera | Pistolera | Drums, background vocals |
| 2006 | Pistolera | Siempre Hay Salida | Percussion, background vocals |
| 2008 | Cordero | De Donde Eres | Percussion |
| 2008 | Pistolera | En Este Camino | Drums, vocals |
| 2014 | Ani Cordero | Recordar | Vocals, guitar, drums, percussion |
| 2017 | Ani Cordero | Querido Mundo | Vocals, guitar, drums, percussion |
| 2019 | Ani Cordero | El Machete | Vocals, guitar, drums, percussion |
# Nottingham effect

In condensed matter physics, the Nottingham effect is a surface cooling and heating mechanism that occurs during field and thermionic electron emission. The effect is named after physicist Wayne B. Nottingham who explained it in a commentary to 1940 experiments by Gertrude M. Fleming and Joseph E. Henderson.
The temperature at which electron emission goes from heating to cooling is called the Nottingham inversion temperature.

## Description

Notably, the effect can be either heating or cooling of the surface emitting the electrons, depending upon the energy at which they are supplied. Above the Nottingham inversion temperature, the emission energy exceeds the Fermi energy of the electron supply and the emitted electron carries more energy away from the surface than is returned by the supply of a replacement electron, and the net heat flux from the Nottingham effect switches from heating to cooling the cathode.
Along with Joule heating, the Nottingham effect contributes to the thermal equilibrium of electron emission systems, typically becoming the dominant contributor at very high emission current densities. It comes into play in the operation of field emission array cathodes and other devices that rely upon stimulating Fowler-Nordheim electron emission, usually at the apex of a sharp tip used to create a field enhancement effect. In extreme cases, the Nottingham effect can heat the emitter tips to temperatures exceeding the melting point of the tip material, causing the tip to deform and emit material that may cause a vacuum arc; this is a significant failure mode for tip-based cathodes.
# Temnothorax minutissimus

Temnothorax minutissimus is a species of ant in the genus Temnothorax. It is native to the United States.
# Empis alpina

Empis alpina is a species of fly in the family Empididae. It is included in the subgenus Leptempis. It is found in the Palearctic.
# Hartheim am Rhein

Hartheim am Rhein is a town in the Breisgau-Hochschwarzwald district, Baden-Württemberg, Germany with about 5000 inhabitants.
The districts of Hartheim am Rhein are Bremgarten, Feldkirch and Hartheim. For the first time, Hartheim am Rhein is referred to in the Lorsch Codex in 772.
In 2012, the name of the town was changed from Hartheim to Hartheim am Rhein.

## Local council (Gemeinderat)

Elections in May 2014:
* Freie Wähler Württemberg (Free voters):28,8 %=5 seats
* CDU: 27,6 %=4 seats
* Für unsere Dörfer (FuD) (For our villages): 22,7 %=4 seats
* Frauenliste Deutschland-Kommunale Frauenlisten (Women's list):11,9 %=2 seats
* SPD 9,0 %=1 seat

## Mayors

* 1946–1969: Josef Widmann
* 1969–1982: Alfred Vonarb
* 1982–2001: Erich Dilger († 29. Juli 2001)
* 2002–2009: Martin Singler
* 2010–2017: Kathrin Schönberger
* since 2017: Stefan Ostermaier
# Nanum fonts

The Nanum fonts (Korean: 나눔글꼴; RR: Nanum Geulkkol) is a series of open source unicode fonts designed for the Korean language, designed by Sandoll Communications and Fontrix (Korean: 폰트릭스). It includes a sans serif (gothic), serif (myeongjo), monospace (coding), pen script, and brush script typefaces. It was published and distributed by Naver.
It is the basic Korean font of Ubuntu Linux since version 12.04. The five Nanum fonts are also included in Mac OS X 10.7 Lion.

## Variations
### Nanum Gothic

It was designed by Sandoll Communications and released in 2008-2011. It has three weights without Italics.

### Nanum Gothic Coding

It is similar with Nanum Gothic but is designed for developers to use easily. It was released in 2009. It is the monospaced edition of Nanum Gothic. It has two weights without Italics.

### Nanum Myeongjo

It was designed by Fontrix and released in 2008. It has three weights without Italics

### Nanum handwriting (brush and pen)

It consists of two types of handwriting, brush and pen. It was included with the Nanum Fonts 3.0 version.

### Nanum Gothic Eco and Nanum Myeongjo Eco

It was developed by technical tie-up with Ecofont BV. It was designed to save ink on printers.
# Bruno Pires (cyclist)

Bruno Manuel Pires Silva (born 15 May 1981) is a Portuguese former professional road bicycle racer, who competed professionally between 2002 and 2016.
Born in Redondo, Portugal, Pires began his professional career at the ASC-Vila do Conde team and was part of Milaneza–Maia and Barbot–Siper, before joining his first foreign team, Leopard Trek, in 2011. He then competed for four years with Tinkoff–Saxo, and his final season in 2016 was with Team Roth.

## Major results
### 2004

    8th Overall Volta ao Alentejo

### 2005

    4th Overall Volta ao Alentejo
    5th Overall Vuelta a Asturias

### 2006

    1st Road race, National Road Championships
    2nd Overall Troféu Joaquim Agostinho
    7th Overall Volta a Portugal
    10th Overall Volta ao Alentejo

### 2007

    1st Stage 4 Volta ao Alentejo
    3rd Overall GP Internacional Paredes Rota dos Móveis
       1st Stage 4

### 2008

    2nd Prueba Villafranca de Ordizia
    3rd Overall Vuelta a Asturias
    5th Overall Volta ao Alentejo
       1st Stage 4
    7th Subida al Naranco

### 2009

    2nd Overall Volta Ciclística de São Paulo
    9th Overall Volta a Portugal

### 2010

    6th Overall Volta ao Alentejo
       1st Stage 2

### 2011

    9th Overall USA Pro Cycling Challenge

### 2012

    4th Overall Tour of Slovenia

### 2014

    10th Overall USA Pro Cycling Challenge

### 2016

    7th Overall Tour d'Azerbaïdjan
# International Mutoscope Reel Company

The International Mutoscope Reel Company was an American amusement arcade company. They were formed in the early 1920s, to produce Mutoscope machines and the motion picture reels that the machines played. They continued to manufacture arcade machines, including the claw machine as well as electro-mechanical games, until 1949.

## History

The mutoscope is a peep show-style movie viewer that was first manufactured by the American Mutoscope and Biograph company, and is notable for being one of the first means by which motion pictures were exhibited. The company gradually changed its focus to motion picture production and projection, and by the early 1920s, had stopped production of both mutoscopes and the movie reels that were played by the machines.
Rather than allowing the format, still popular in arcades and amusement areas, to disappear, entrepreneur William Rabkin was given permission to continue producing mutoscope reels and machines using the trademarked name. By 1925, he had formed the International Mutoscope Reel Company for the purpose of manufacturing new movie reels to play on both the old mutoscope machines and the new ones that the company started selling. During the golden age of the penny arcade, the company produced a number of amusement machines, including fortune tellers and skill games, and may have been the first to market the claw machine.

## Photomatic

The company also produced arcade photo booths under the name of "Photomatic". These produced a souvenir 2-5/8" x 3-1/16" metal-framed photo with the credit on the back, "Taken by the Photomatic."

## Arcade games

International Mutoscope Reel Company released various electro-mechanical games (EM games) for arcades in the 1940s. In 1941, International Mutoscope Reel Company they released the driving game Drive Mobile, which had an upright arcade cabinet similar to what arcade video games would later use. It was derived from older British driving arcade games from the 1930s. In Drive Mobile, a steering wheel was used to control a model car over a road painted on a metal drum, with the goal being to keep the car centered as the road shifts left and right. Kasco introduced this type of electro-mechanical driving game to Japan in 1958 with Mini Drive, which followed a similar format but had a longer cabinet allowing a longer road.
One of their last arcade EM games was K.O. Champ (1955), a boxing game that used a timer to create a sense of urgency in the gameplay.

## Demise

The company went out of business in 1949.
William Rabkin, the International Mutoscope founder, died in a fall from the window of his sixth floor apartment in 1956, possibly due to a dizzy spell brought on by high blood pressure.
# Yasuji Mori

Yasuji Mori (森康二, Mori Yasuji, January 28, 1925 – September 5, 1992) was an animator who worked with Toei Animation, while it was still known as Toei Doga. He was also a famous illustrator of children's books. Mori was responsible for one of the major animation styles within Toei Animation. In The Little Prince and the Eight-Headed Dragon Mori was the first to be credited as animation director in Japan, although Akira Daikubara had the same post on The Tale of the White Serpent but was not credited as that. As a senior animator he formed many of the great animators of the next generation (including Hayao Miyazaki, Isao Takahata, Yasuo Ōtsuka, and Yoichi Kotabe). He later left Toei Animation to work with Nippon Animation.

## Filmography

* Key animator on The Tale of the White Serpent (1958)
* Animation director on The Little Prince and the Eight-Headed Dragon (1963)
* Key animator on Hols: Prince of the Sun (1968)
* Animation director on Puss in Boots (1969)
* Animation director on Rocky Chuck the Woodchuck (1973)
* Character designer on Dog of Flanders (TV series) (1975)
* Character designer on Laura, the Prairie Girl (1975)
* Key animator on Future Boy Conan (1978)
* Layout supervisor, Noozles (1984)

### Sources

* 1 2 3 "Yasuji MORI « ANIDO official website". Archived from the original on 2019-03-27. Retrieved 2024-06-03.
* This article about one or more people who work in the anime industry is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Daniela Caram

Daniela Caram (born 24 November 1986) is a former Chilean field hockey player.

## Personal life

Caram's younger sister, Camila, also represents the Chile national team, and is their current captain.

## Career
### Junior National Team

Caram made her debut for the Chile junior national team in 2005. First at the 2005 Pan-American Junior Championship, which served as a qualifier for the Junior World Cup in Santiago.
Caram again represented Chile at the Junior World Cup, where the team finished in 10th place.

### Senior National Team

Caram debuted for the senior national team in 2005.
Her first major tournament with the team being the 2006 South American Games. The team won a silver medal in the inaugural field hockey tournament at the South American Games.
Following her debut, Caram represented Chile up until 2015, retiring after the 2015 Pan American Games.
Following the Pan American Games, Caram was named in the 2015 Pan American Elite Team for the first time by the Pan American Hockey Federation.
# Empis curvitibia

Empis curvitibia is a species of fly in the family Empididae. It is included in the subgenus Lissempis of the genus Empis. It is found in the Palearctic.
# Robin Groot

Robin Groot (born 12 January 2001), is a Dutch speed skater specializing in the sprint events.
In 2019, Groot won 3 medals at the Junior World Championships and 7 medals the following season
Groot holds the track record small combination at Kardinge, Groningen.

## Personal records

Personal records :
| Speed skating |||||
| Event | Result | Date | Location | Notes |
| 500 m | 39.30 | 27 December 2022 | Thialf, Heerenveen | |
| 1000 m | 1:16.53 | 22 December 2023 | Thialf, Heerenveen | |
| 1500 m | 1:56.59 | 28 December 2023 | Thialf, Heerenveen | |
| 3000 m | 4:02.72 | 29 December 2023 | Thialf, Heerenveen | |
| 5000 m | 7:00.56 | 30 December 2023 | Thialf, Heerenveen | |

## Tournament overview

| Season | Dutch Championships Single Distances | Dutch Championships Allround | European Championships Allround | World Cup GWC | World Championships Junior |
| 2018–19 | HEERENVEEN 18th 1000m 17th 1500m 16th 3000m | | | | BASELGA DI PINÉ 7th 500m 5th 1000m 4th 1500m 3000m 4th overall mass start team pursuit |
| 2019–20 | HEERENVEEN 16th 3000m | | | | TOMASZÓW MAZOWIECKI 500m 1000m 1500m ) 3000m overall mass start team pursuit |
| 2020–21 | HEERENVEEN DQ 1000m | HEERENVEEN 12th 500m 18th 3000m 12th 1500m DNQ 5000m NC14 overall | | | |
| 2021–22 | HEERENVEEN 16th 1500m 11th 3000m 4th mass start | HEERENVEEN 6th 500m 7th 3000m 4th 1500m 7th 5000m 5th overall | | | |
| 2022–23 | HEERENVEEN 8th 1500m 7th 3000m 4th 5000m 5th mass start | HEERENVEEN 4th 500m 4th 3000m 6th 1500m 7th 5000m 4th overall | HAMAR 500m 4th 3000m 4th 1500m 4th 5000m 4th overall | 34th 3000m | |
source:
# Euro-orphan

Euro-orphan or EU orphan is a neologism used metaphorically to describe a "social orphan" in the European Union whose parents have migrated to another member state, typically for economic reasons. The child is left behind, often in the care of older relatives. The expression itself is a misnomer since it is meant to describe temporary child abandonment rather than the death of both parents. A similar name is White Orphans.
Such abandoned children may require therapeutic or psychiatric care to cope. The EU supports family reunification. Migrating families are sometimes divided by local child services like Jugendamt. The number of Euro-orphans in the EU is estimated to be between 0.5–1 million, most of whom live outside the EU, e.g. in Ukraine.
A similar term, "old euro-orphans", describes elderly parents left behind by migrants.

## Media

* "Euroorphans – the children left behind" - documentary by Sven Bergman
* "I am Kuba" - documentary by Åse Svenheim Drivenes

## Books

* Anne White, Polish Families and Migration Since EU Accession, 2017
# Bruno Sapo

Bruno Tiago Conceição Bernardo, known as Bruno Sapo (born 3 March 1986) is a Portuguese football player who plays for Vitória Setúbal.

## Club career

He made his professional debut in the Segunda Liga for Cova da Piedade on 14 August 2016 in a game against Leixoes.
# Virgin and Child with Saint John the Baptist and an Unidentified Saint

The Virgin and Child with Saint John the Baptist and an Unidentified Saint, also called the Virgin with Saint John the Baptist, Adored by a Donor, is a religious painting by Titian, dated to c. 1515-1520. It is currently on loan to the Scottish National Gallery, in Edinburgh.

## Analysis

The picture has been called Palmesque, and Crowe and Cavalcaselle give it in their list of pictures ascribed to that painter. Morelli already acknowledged it as a genuine work by Titian in the late nineteenth century. According to Gronau, the picture is also very Giorgionesque, and therefore probably painted about 1510 to 1512, at about the same date as the Three Ages of Life. The Scottish National Gallery puts the date slightly later, about 1515 to 1520. It was originally a panel painting, but has been transferred to canvas.
A replica, with Saint Catherine and Saint Jerome, by a pupil of Titian, is mentioned by Gronau in the Glasgow Corporation Galleries (no. 484) in 1904.

## Description

The work is part of a series of sacred conversations in a landscape, dating back more or less to the same years made by Titian. In the Edinburgh canvas too, the pictorial space is divided into two asymmetrical halves, one dominated by shadow and other by an open landscape; in the foreground, the luminous figures of the Virgin and Child stand out, between the two saints arranged around her with relaxed attitudes and who are well-placed in space. On the left, John the Baptist is in a serene contemplation while caressing the Agnus Dei, and on the right, an unidentifiable saint (or a donor) in a bright red and purple dress, which stands out like that of Mary, crossed by shiny flashes, reaches out for the Child Jesus.
The extraordinary chromatic orchestration already foreshadows the masterpieces of the following years, with the viewer's gaze magnetized by the intense reds and blues, including that of the sky.

## Provenance

* Earl of Ellesmere, Bridgewater House, Westminster.
* Scottish National Gallery (Bridgewater Collection Loan).
# Monal

A monal is a bird of genus Lophophorus of the pheasant family, Phasianidae.

## Description

The males all have colorful, iridescent plumage. Their physique is rather plump, and their diet consists of plants such as roots and bulbs and insects. During mating, the males are polygamous and mate with several females. The females in turn only mate with the selected male and enter into a monogamous relationship. Due to habitat destruction and hunting, they have become rare and their population is endangered.

## Species

There are three species and several subspecies:
Genus Lophophorus – Temminck, 1813 – three species :
| Common name | Scientific name and subspecies | Range | Size and ecology | IUCN status and estimated population |
| Himalayan monal Male Female | Lophophorus impejanus (Latham, 1790) | Afghanistan and Pakistan through the Himalayas in India, Nepal, southern Tibet, and Bhutan. | Size: Habitat: Diet: | LC |
| Sclater's monal Female | Lophophorus sclateri Jerdon, 1870 Three subspecies L. s. arunachalensis (Kumar & Singh, 2004) L. s. orientalis (Davison G.W.H., 1974) L. s. sclateri (Jerdon, 1870) | northeast India, southeast Tibet and northern Burma | Size: Habitat: Diet: | VU |
| Chinese monal Male | Lophophorus lhuysii Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, A, 1866 | central China | Size: Habitat: Diet: | VU |
# Alison Maillard

Alison Maillard (born 5 August 1998) is a Chilean diver. In 2019, she finished in 27th place in the preliminary round in the women's 1 metre springboard event at the 2019 World Aquatics Championships held in Gwangju, South Korea. In the women's 3 metre springboard event she finished in 45th place in the preliminary round. Maillard and Donato Neglia finished in 17th place in the mixed synchronized 3 metre springboard event.
In 2019, she finished in 6th place in the women's 1 metre springboard at the 2019 Pan American Games held in Lima, Peru. In the women's 3 metre springboard event she finished in 10th place.
# Empis dedecor

Empis dedecor is a species of fly in the family Empididae. It is included in the subgenus Polyblepharis. It is found in the Palearctic.