OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Induced gravity

Induced gravity (or emergent gravity) is an idea in quantum gravity that spacetime curvature and its dynamics emerge as a mean field approximation of underlying microscopic degrees of freedom, similar to the fluid mechanics approximation of Bose–Einstein condensates. The concept was originally proposed by Andrei Sakharov in 1967.

## Overview

Sakharov observed that many condensed matter systems give rise to emergent phenomena that are analogous to general relativity. For example, crystal defects can look like curvature and torsion in an Einstein–Cartan spacetime. This allows one to create a theory of gravity with torsion from a world crystal model of spacetime in which the lattice spacing is of the order of a Planck length. Sakharov's idea was to start with an arbitrary background pseudo-Riemannian manifold (in modern treatments, possibly with torsion) and introduce quantum fields (matter) on it but not introduce any gravitational dynamics explicitly. This gives rise to an effective action which to one-loop order contains the Einstein–Hilbert action with a cosmological constant. In other words, general relativity arises as an emergent property of matter fields and is not put in by hand. On the other hand, such models typically predict huge cosmological constants.
Some argue that the particular models proposed by Sakharov and others have been proven impossible by the Weinberg–Witten theorem.
However, models with emergent gravity are possible as long as other things, such as spacetime dimensions, emerge together with gravity. Developments in AdS/CFT correspondence after 1997 suggest that the microphysical degrees of freedom in induced gravity might be radically different. The bulk spacetime arises as an emergent phenomenon of the quantum degrees of freedom that are entangled and live in the boundary of the spacetime.
According to some prominent researchers in emergent gravity (such as Mark Van Raamsdonk) spacetime is built up of quantum entanglement. This implies that quantum entanglement is the fundamental property that gives rise to spacetime. In 1995, Jacobson showed that the Einstein field equations can be derived from the first law of thermodynamics applied at local Rindler horizons. Thanu Padmanabhan and Erik Verlinde explore links between gravity and entropy, Verlinde being known for an entropic gravity proposal. The Einstein equation for gravity can emerge from the entanglement first law. In the "quantum graphity" proposal of Konopka, Markopoulu-Kalamara, Severini and Smolin, the fundamental degrees of freedom exist on a dynamical graph that is initially complete, and an effective spatial lattice structure emerges in the low-temperature limit.
# Jean-Talon Market

Jean-Talon Market is a farmer's market in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Located in the Little Italy district, the market is bordered by Jean-Talon Street to the north, Mozart Ave. to the south, Casgrain Ave. to the west and Henri-Julien Ave. to the east. It contains two city-maintained streets both called Place du Marché du Nord.
It is the largest market in Montreal and one of the largest open-air markets in North America.

## History

The market was opened to the public in 1933 while Camillien Houde was the city mayor. Before that, the space the market now occupies was a lacrosse field for the "Shamrock Lacrosse Grounds" club.
The market's single building (the chalet) quickly became the focal point for development of the area around it. From the opening until 1961, the chalet was used as a terminal for buses heading to the neighbouring city of Laval. Between 1961 and 1970 a municipal library and a social services centre replaced the bus station. Since then, the space was occupied by administrative offices.
Major renovations were undertaken in 2004 to handle the crowds that populate the market during the summer months. An underground parking lot was constructed, and an above ground structure was built over the underground parking area, to host 20 specialty boutiques.

## Activities

The market is open year-round, even during Montreal's severe winters, although during this time walls are placed around the central section of the market while outdoor areas remain vacant. During the peak summer period, between May and October, its open-air arcades are occupied by about 300 vendors, mostly farmers from the countryside around Montreal.
The open air market is surrounded by other food businesses: meat, fish and cheese stores, bulk food emporia, dealers in spices and imported goods, bakeries, restaurants and a branch of the SAQ, among others.
Stores surrounding the open-air market include:
* Léopoldo Fruit Store
* La Fromagerie Hamel
* William J. Walter boucherie
* Joe la Croûte boulangerie
* Maison de thé Camellia Sinensis
Since July 15, 2006 vehicles are banned from circulating inside the market's streets during the summer weekends.
* New wing
* Interior view
* Another interior view
* Exterior view of the northwest corner of the market
# Vyavastha

Vyavastha is Telugu language suspense legal drama streaming television series directed by Anand Ranga for ZEE5. It stars Sampath Raj, Karthik Rathnam, Hebah Patel, Sukrutha Wagle, Kamna Jethmalani in key roles.

## Synopsis

In a tale that resembles the legendary David and Goliath narrative, a recent law graduate Vamsi Krishna challenges a corrupt ruthless senior lawyer Chakraborty, who has monopolised the legal system by creating an organization which has the best lawyers working for him.

## Cast

* Sampath Raj as Adv. Avinash Chakraborthy
* Karthik Rathnam as Junior Lawyer Vamsi Krishna
* Hebah Patel as Yamini
* Kamna Jethmalani as Gayathri Chakraborthy, Avinash's wife
* Sukrutha Wagle as Kalpika, Avinash's sub-ordinate
* Shivani as Samyuktha
* Gayathri Ravisankar as mother
* Sujith Kumar Reddy as Teja
* Raja Ashok as Lawyer Smaran
* Gururaj Manepalli as Appa Rao
* Bhavana Vazhapandal as Avinash's daughter
* Kranthi Kiran Kamaraju as Ajay

## Release

It was announced on 21 April 2023, that the series will premiere on ZEE5 on 28 April. It was made available in Telugu and Tamil languages.

## Reception

The Times of India rated it 2.5 out of 5 and commented, "it packs enough drama and thrill and makes for a decent watch." ABP News, while praising the performances of the actors, rated it 2 out of 5." The Telugu Samayam also rated it 2.5 out 5 while commending the cinematography and background score of the show. Track Tollwood, rating it 2.75 out of 5, made special mention about the performances of the lead actors.
# Kappa Aquilae

Kappa Aquilae, Latinized from κ Aquilae, is the Bayer designation for a star in the equatorial constellation of Aquila. It is a faint star at apparent visual magnitude +4.957, but bright enough to be seen with the naked eye in dark suburban skies. The annual parallax is only 1.94 mas, which equates to a distance of approximately 1,700 light-years (520 parsecs) from Earth (with a 10% margin of error).
The spectrum of Kappa Aquilae matches a stellar classification of B0.5 III, where the luminosity class of III is typically associated with evolved giant stars. This is a star with 15.50 times the Sun's mass and 12.5 times the radius of the Sun. Massive stars like this blaze brightly; it is radiating 52,630-fold the Sun's luminosity from its outer atmosphere with an effective temperature of 26,500 K, giving it the intense blue-white glow of a B-type star. It is only 11 million years of age and is spinning rapidly with a projected rotational velocity of 265 km/s.

## Etymology

In Chinese, 右旗 (Yòu Qí), meaning Right Flag, refers to an asterism consisting of κ Aquilae, μ Aquilae, σ Aquilae, δ Aquilae, ν Aquilae, 42 Aquilae, ι Aquilae, HD 184701 and 56 Aquilae. Consequently, the Chinese name for κ Aquilae itself is 右旗八 (Yòu Qí bā, English: the Eighth Star of Right Flag.)
This star, together with η Aql, θ Aql, δ Aql, ι Aql and λ Aql were once part of the now-obsolete constellation Antinous.
# Neighborhood Cinemas

Neighborhood Cinemas (Spanish: Cines de video, lit. 'Video cinemas') is a 2020 Peruvian documentary film written, produced, co-edited and directed by Wari Gálvez Rivas. It presents intimate and indelible experiences of operators, ticket takers and administrators linked to the old cinemas of Peru.

## Synopsis

From different places in Peru, a group of ancient operators prepare the projection of a movie in which they themselves are the protagonists: former operators, ticket takers and administrators will reveal their most intimate and unforgettable experiences linked to the old cinemas that they grew old with them.

## Release

Neighborhood Cinemas had its world premiere on September 26, 2020, at the 11th Al Este Film Festival.

## Accolades

| Year | Award | Category | Recipient | Result | Ref. |
| 2021 | 12th APRECI Awards | Best Documentary | Neighborhood Cinemas | Nominated | |
# Mongola

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#REDIRECT Mongolia
# Accuracy paradox

The accuracy paradox is the paradoxical finding that accuracy is not a good metric for predictive models when classifying in predictive analytics. This is because a simple model may have a high level of accuracy but too crude to be useful. For example, if the incidence of category A is dominant, being found in 99% of cases, then predicting that every case is category A will have an accuracy of 99%. Precision and recall are better measures in such cases. The underlying issue is that there is a class imbalance between the positive class and the negative class. Prior probabilities for these classes need to be accounted for in error analysis. Precision and recall help, but precision too can be biased by unbalanced class priors in the test sets.

## Example

For example, a city of 1 million people has ten terrorists. A profiling system results in the following confusion matrix:
| Predicted classActual class | Fail | Pass | Sum |
| Fail | 10 | 0 | 10 |
| Pass | 990 | 999000 | 999990 |
| Sum | 1000 | 999000 | 1000000 |
Even though the accuracy is ⁠10 + 999000/1000000⁠ ≈ 99.9%, 990 out of the 1000 positive predictions are incorrect. The precision of ⁠10/10 + 990⁠ = 1% reveals its poor performance. As the classes are so unbalanced, a better metric is the F1 score = ⁠2 × 0.01 × 1/0.01 + 1⁠ ≈ 2% (the recall being ⁠10 + 0/10⁠ = 1).

## Literature

* Kubat, M. (2000). Addressing the Curse of Imbalanced Training Sets: One-Sided Selection. Fourteenth International Conference on Machine Learning.
# Oliver Pough

Oliver Wendell "Buddy" Pough III is an American former college football coach and player. He served as the head football coach at South Carolina State University, a position he held from 2002 until his retirement in 2023. He led the South Carolina State Bulldogs football team to eight Mid-Eastern Athletic Conference (MEAC) titles, in 2004, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2013, 2014, 2019, and 2021.

## Head coaching record
### College

| Year | Team | Overall | Conference | Standing | Bowl/playoffs | TSN$^#$ | Coaches$^°$ |
| South Carolina State Bulldogs (Mid-Eastern Athletic Conference) (2002–present) ||||||||
| 2002 | South Carolina State | 7–5 | 4–4 | T–5th | | | |
| 2003 | South Carolina State | 8–4 | 5–2 | T–2nd | | | |
| 2004 | South Carolina State | 9–2 | 6–1 | T–1st | | 22 | |
| 2005 | South Carolina State | 9–2 | 7–1 | 2nd | | 20 | |
| 2006 | South Carolina State | 7–4 | 6–2 | T–2nd | | | |
| 2007 | South Carolina State | 7–4 | 7–2 | T–2nd | | | |
| 2008 | South Carolina State | 10–3 | 8–0 | 1st | L NCAA Division I First Round | 13 | 13 |
| 2009 | South Carolina State | 10–2 | 8–0 | 1st | L NCAA Division I First Round | 8 | 8 |
| 2010 | South Carolina State | 9–3 | 7–1 | T–1st | L NCAA Division I First Round | 16 | 17 |
| 2011 | South Carolina State | 7–4 | 6–2 | T–2nd | | | |
| 2012 | South Carolina State | 5–6 | 4–4 | T–6th | | | |
| 2013 | South Carolina State | 9–4 | 7–1 | T–1st | L NCAA Division I First Round | 25 | |
| 2014 | South Carolina State | 8–4 | 6–2 | T–1st | | | |
| 2015 | South Carolina State | 7–4 | 6–2 | 4th | | | |
| 2016 | South Carolina State | 5–6 | 5–3 | T–3rd | | | |
| 2017 | South Carolina State | 3–7 | 2–6 | T–8th | | | |
| 2018 | South Carolina State | 5–6 | 4–3 | T–4th | | | |
| 2019 | South Carolina State | 8–3 | 6–2 | T–2nd* | | | |
| 2020–21 | South Carolina State | 3–1 | 2–0 | 1st (South) | | | |
| 2021 | South Carolina State | 7–5 | 5–0 | 1st | W Celebration Bowl | | |
| 2022 | South Carolina State | 3–8 | 1–4 | 6th | | | |
| 2023 | South Carolina State | 5–6 | 3–2 | T–3rd | | | |
| South Carolina State: | South Carolina State: | 151–93 | 115–44 | *conf champs in 2019 due to NCAA sanctions on Florida A&M | *conf champs in 2019 due to NCAA sanctions on Florida A&M | *conf champs in 2019 due to NCAA sanctions on Florida A&M | *conf champs in 2019 due to NCAA sanctions on Florida A&M | *conf champs in 2019 due to NCAA sanctions on Florida A&M |
| Total: | Total: | 151–93 | | | | | | |
| National championship  Conference title  Conference division title or championship game berth ||||||||
| $^†$Indicates Bowl Coalition, Bowl Alliance, BCS, or CFP / New Years' Six bowl. ||||||||
# Miss You (Martin Tungevaag, Sick Individuals and Marf song)

"Miss You" is a song by Norwegian DJ and producer Martin Tungevaag, Dutch DJ duo Sick Individuals and producer Marf. It was released on 13 November 2020 via Spinnin' Records.

## Background and content

Dance music artist Marf accepted an interview with EDM Unplugged, and explained the inspiration behind the song:
   We wrote the track before the pandemic. However, I believe that missing people can be a sad thing, but also a great thing of value! It gives us a more important and different look at people whom we miss, and even more on ourselves! That’s why the first sentence says: "Thought that I would find myself but discovered someone else".
Natalie Wicks wrote in the article that "Miss You" is "a sun-kissed upbeat release that is perfect for the changing of the seasons. With an enrapturing melody and a catchy hook" and "embraced by the world". The song is written in the key of A major, with a tempo of 125 beats per minute.

## Credits and personnel

Credits adapted from AllMusic.
* Marcus Adema – composer
* Jochen Fluitsma – composer
* Rinze Hofstee – composer
* Marf – primary artist, producer, programmer
* Sick Individuals – primary artist, producer, programmer
* Jim Smeele – composer
* Martin Tungevaag – composer, primary artist, producer, programmer
* Eric VanTijn – composer
* Flemming Viguurs – composer
# Glen Simard

Glen Simard is a Canadian politician, who was elected to the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba in the 2023 Manitoba general election. He represents the district of Brandon East as a member of the Manitoba New Democratic Party.
Prior to being elected, Simard was a teacher at École Harrison.

## Electoral history

vte2023 Manitoba general election: Brandon East :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | Expenditures |
| | New Democratic | Glen Simard | 3,758 | 55.64 | +19.30 | $26,633.93 |
| | Progressive Conservative | Len Isleifson | 2,691 | 39.84 | -11.16 | $35,834.84 |
| | Liberal | Trenton Zazalak | 305 | 4.52 | -8.15 | $0.00 |
| Total valid votes/expense limit | Total valid votes/expense limit | Total valid votes/expense limit | 6,754 | 99.48 | – | $59,632.00 |
| Total rejected and declined ballots | Total rejected and declined ballots | Total rejected and declined ballots | 35 | 0.52 | – |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 6,789 | 46.99 | +1.30 |
| Eligible voters | Eligible voters | Eligible voters | 14,449 |
| | New Democratic gain from Progressive Conservative | New Democratic gain from Progressive Conservative | Swing | Swing | +15.23 |
| Source(s) Source: Elections Manitoba |||||||
# Jan Šourek

Jan Šourek (born 2 September 1887, date of death unknown) was a Czech rower. He competed in the men's single sculls event at the 1912 Summer Olympics, representing Bohemia.
# Nellie Kennedy

Nellie Kennedy is a Canadian politician, who was elected to the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba in the 2023 Manitoba general election. She represents the district of Assiniboia as a member of the Manitoba New Democratic Party.
Prior to being elected, she was a community services disability worker.

## Electoral history

vte2023 Manitoba general election: Assiniboia :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | Expenditures |
| | New Democratic | Nellie Kennedy | 4,722 | 50.02 | +14.55 | $22,718.51 |
| | Progressive Conservative | Scott Johnston | 3,806 | 40.31 | -3.94 | $47,635.37 |
| | Liberal | Charles Ward | 913 | 9.67 | -3.76 | $14,259.80 |
| Total valid votes/expense limit | Total valid votes/expense limit | Total valid votes/expense limit | 9,441 | 99.55 | – | $66,377.00 |
| Total rejected and declined ballots | Total rejected and declined ballots | Total rejected and declined ballots | 43 | 0.45 | – |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 9,484 | 55.70 | +1.00 |
| Eligible voters | Eligible voters | Eligible voters | 17,028 |
| | New Democratic gain from Progressive Conservative | New Democratic gain from Progressive Conservative | Swing | Swing | +9.25 |
| Source(s) Source: Elections Manitoba |||||||
# Gensingen

Gensingen is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the Mainz-Bingen district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany.

## Geography
### Location

Gensingen lies in Rhenish Hesse between Mainz and Bad Kreuznach on the river Nahe. It belongs to the Verbandsgemeinde of Sprendlingen-Gensingen, whose seat is in Sprendlingen.

### Neighbouring municipalities

The municipality's neighbours are Grolsheim, Langenlonsheim, Horrweiler, Laubenheim, Welgesheim, Aspisheim, Biebelsheim, Ockenheim, Bretzenheim, Zotzenheim, Dorsheim, Sprendlingen and Bad Kreuznach-Ippesheim.

## Politics
### Municipal council

The council is made up of 21 council members, counting the part-time mayor, with seats apportioned thus:
| | SPD | CDU | FWG | Total |
| 2004 | 9 | 7 | 4 | 20 seats |
(as at municipal election held on 13 June 2004)

### Coat of arms

The municipality's arms might be described thus: or, the letter G between three mullets of six sable.
While the letter G could stand for Gensingen, the arms’ meaning is not known. The six-pointed stars (“mullets of six”) are something of a mystery. The local court seal bore this composition in 1609.

## Culture and sightseeing

The Evangelical church has an historical Stumm organ built in 1774-1778 and restored in 2000. There are regular concerts.

## Economy and infrastructure

Two businesses in the municipality of Gensingen are the furniture manufacturer Bretz and the plant nursery company Kientzler.

### Transport

The municipality is crossed by Bundesstraße 41. The Autobahn A 61 is right nearby, only a 3 km drive away. At the Gensingen railway station, trains on the Nahetalbahn and the Rheinhessenbahn (railway lines) stop.

## Famous people

* Reinhard Leisenheimer (b. 1939 in Gensingen), singer
# Thad Levine

Thad Levine (born November 12, 1971) is an American professional baseball executive. He formerly served as the senior VP and general manager for the Minnesota Twins of Major League Baseball (MLB) from 2017 to 2024.

## Early life and education

Levine was born in Alexandria, Virginia. He played youth soccer with Paul DePodesta. Levine attended Haverford College, where he played NCAA Division III college baseball. He attained his bachelor's degree in 1994. He also graduated from the University of California, Los Angeles in 1999 with an MBA. He has two daughters and a son.

## Career

Levine joined the Los Angeles Dodgers in business development. He moved to the Colorado Rockies in 1999, and worked there successively as an assistant director, director, and senior director. Levine was appointed to the position of Texas Rangers assistant general manager in October 2005.
Levine was hired as the Minnesota Twins' general manager on November 3, 2016. On October 4, 2024, after 8 years with the Twins, Levine stepped down from his position and departed the organization.
# Nu Aquarii

Nu Aquarii (ν Aqr, ν Aquarii) is the Bayer designation for a star in the equatorial constellation of Aquarius.
With an apparent visual magnitude of 4.52, Nu Aquarii is visible to the naked eye. Its distance from Earth, as determined from parallax measurements, is around 159 light-years (49 parsecs). At an estimated age of 708 million years, it has evolved into a giant star with a spectrum that matches a stellar classification of G8 III. It has than double the mass of the Sun and has expanded to eight times the Sun's radius. Nu Aquarii is radiating 37-fold the luminosity of the Sun from its outer atmosphere at an effective temperature of 4,920 K. At this heat, the star is glowing with the yellowish hue of a G-type star.
Together with μ Aquarii, it is Albulaan /ˌælbjəˈlɑːn/, a name derived from the Arabic term al-bulaʽān (ألبولعان), meaning "the two swallowers". This star, along with ε Aqr (Albali) and μ Aqr (Albulaan), were al Bulaʽ (البلع)—the Swallower.
In Chinese, 天壘城 (Tiān Lěi Chéng), meaning Celestial Ramparts, refers to an asterism consisting of ν Aquarii, ξ Aquarii, 46 Capricorni, 47 Capricorni, λ Capricorni, 50 Capricorni, 18 Aquarii, 29 Capricorni, 9 Aquarii, 8 Aquarii, 14 Aquarii, 17 Aquarii and 19 Aquarii. Consequently, the Chinese name for ν Aquarii itself is 天壘城十 (Tiān Lěi Chéng shí, English: the Tenth Star of Celestial Ramparts).
# Oberschwarzach

Oberschwarzach is a municipality in the district of Schweinfurt in Bavaria, Germany.
# The Violent

The Violent is an American rock band from Akron, Ohio formed by Red Sun Rising members Mike Protich, Dave McGarry, and Pat Gerasia after that band announced an "indefinite hiatus" on February 28, 2020.
Even before the hiatus was announced, in 2019, Protich, McGarry, and Gerasia had begun performing as a trio (billed as "Mike Protich") and playing songs outside of the Red Sun Rising discography. They released their first single "Fly on the Wall" on May 22, 2020 as The Violent, not revealing their names, stating that they are a "new independent unsigned band", only later revealing the band members' identity in a Sirius XM Octane interview. The track peaked at #28 on the Billboard's Mainstream Rock chart chart. The band has released two EPs since then.
Protich, who says to be the principal author of the band's material, cites Chris Cornell and other grunge artists, as well as Maynard Keenan and Trent Reznor, as influences. The Violent's music relies more on electronic sounds compared to the style of Red Sun Rising.
The band has performed as a three-piece ensemble, with Protich playing bass (and switching instruments with McGarry to play the guitar), and as a four-piece ensemble, with a hired bass player.

## Discography
### EPs

* The Violent (2022)
* 002.TV (2023)

### Singles

| Title | Year | Peak chart positions | Album |
| Title | Year | US Main. | Album |
| "Fly on the Wall" | 2020 | 28 | The Violent (EP) |
| "Smile Like a Hostage" | 2020 | ― | The Violent (EP) |
| "Impression" | 2021 | ― | The Violent (EP) |
| "Think For Yourself" | 2021 | ― | The Violent (EP) |
| "People are Strange" | 2022 | 28 | The Violent (EP) |
| "Counting Sheep" | 2022 | ― | 002.TV (EP) |
| "Wrap Your Head Around" | 2022 | ― | 002.TV (EP) |
| "I'll Be Waiting" | 2023 | ― | 002.TV (EP) |
| "Bitter End" | 2023 | ― | 002.TV (EP) |
| "Feels Like Letting Go" | 2024 | × | TBA |
| "Fingerprints" | 2024 | × | TBA |
| "—" denotes a recording that did not chart or was not released in that territory. ||||

### Music videos

List of music videos, showing year released and director :
| Title | Year | Director(s) |
| "Fly on the Wall" | 2020 | Jake Rains |
| "Impression" | 2021 | Mungo |
| "People are Strange" | 2022 | Samuel Shapiro |
| "I'll Be Waiting" | 2023 | Jack Fontes |
| "Follow Me" | 2023 | Johan Carlén |