OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Georgina Fanny Cheffins

Georgina Fanny Cheffins (1863 – 29 July 1932) was an English militant suffragette who on her imprisonment in 1912 went on hunger strike for which action she received the Hunger Strike Medal from the Women's Social and Political Union (WSPU).

## Biography

Cheffins was born in Holborn in Middlesex in 1863, the daughter of Mary Ann née Craven (1837–1891) and Charles Richard Cheffins (1833–1902), a civil engineer and later a manufacturer of Portland cement. In 1891, at age 27, she was listed as living with her recently widowed father at The Grange House in the hamlet of Grange in Kent.
The 1901 Census records her as living with Eva (Evangeline) Lewis (1863–1928) in the St James's Mission in Sedgley in Cheshire; the Census lists them as 'lay sisters'. Lewis was born in Ontario in Canada, the daughter of John Lewis, Bishop of Ontario. Cheffins and Lewis shared a house from some time before 1901 until the death of Lewis in 1928, a Boston marriage in the terminology of the day. The two managed to evade the 1911 census successfully.
Cheffins first became involved in the cause for women's suffrage after passing a WSPU shop in Folkestone after which she went to London to "do her bit of protest." In March 1912 the 49-year-old Cheffins threw a brick through the window of Gorringer's, a department store on Buckingham Palace Road in London. On being arrested she appeared at Bow Street Magistrates' Court on 12 March 1912 before being arraigned at the London Sessions seven days later on 19 March 1912.
At her trial Cheffins said that she was a suffragist by conviction, because, after living and working among the very poor for more than twenty years, she had come to the conclusion that all efforts to improve their conditions were futile without the benefit of the franchise. She supported the Women's Social and Political Union because she felt that their militant methods gave the best chance of success. Cheffins was sentenced to four months in Holloway Prison where she went on hunger strike and was forcibly fed. She was one of 68 women who added their signatures or initials to The Suffragette Handkerchief embroidered by prisoners in Holloway Prison in March 1912, and kept until 1950 by Mary Ann Hilliard, and still available to view at the Priest House in West Hoathly. On her release from Holloway Cheffins received the Hunger Strike Medal from the leadership of the Women's Social and Political Union (WSPU).
In her later years Cheffins lived at Bexhill-on-Sea in East Sussex. She died at 25 Leinster Square in Bayswater in 1932. She never married. Her Hunger Strike Medal is in a collection in Melbourne in Australia.
# Mazar Tagh

Mazar Tagh is the site of a ruined hill fort in the middle of the Taklamakan desert, dating from the time of the Tibetan Empire. Like the Miran fort site, its excavation has yielded hundreds of military documents from the 8th and 9th century, which are among the earliest surviving Tibetan manuscripts, and vital sources for understanding the early history of Tibet. The site is now located north of the modern city of Hotan in the Xinjiang Autonomous Region of the People's Republic of China.

## History

Mazar Tagh was part of the ancient Kingdom of Khotan during the first millennium AD. Before the Tibetan army built a fort there, it seems to have been a Buddhist pilgrimage site known locally as "the Hill". During the Tibetan Empire, the fort at Mazar Tagh was the main Tibetan military outpost for the Khotan region, performing a similar role to the Tibetan fort at Miran. During the Tibetan occupation, Mazar Tagh, like Miran, was home not only to soldiers but also to their families, civilian officials, and merchants. Aurel Stein wrote of the presence of an Islamic shrine on the hill at the time of his first visit in 1907, and noted modern Turkic name Mazar Tagh means "Hill of the Sacred Shrine". The hill still contains a functioning Islamic shrine (Mazar).

## Archaeology

Mazar Tagh was excavated by Aurel Stein in 1907 during his second Central Asian expedition, and again in 1913 during his third expedition. The fort contained five rooms (i to v in Stein's discussions) and a watchtower, which is still partially standing. As well as excavating the fort, Stein discovered a large refuse heap on the north and northeast slopes of the hill, which contained hundreds of discarded Tibetan military documents on paper and wood. The British Library holds 1,168 wooden documents under the pressmark IOL Tib N, and 321 paper documents under the pressmark Or.150000, found in the fort itself as well as the rubbish heap. Stein also recovered fragments of Khotanese, Uyghur and Sogdian documents from the site. Several of the Khotanese texts refer to the rule of the Tibetan "masters". Stein also discovered other kinds of artefact, though in much smaller number, including arrows, sheathes, shoes, dice, a comb and a pen. These items are now at the British Museum under the pressmarks MAS.480 to MAS.509.
# Sophia Lane Poole

Sophia Lane Poole (1804–1891) was an English orientalist.
She was the estranged wife of Edward Poole and sister of the famous orientalist Edward William Lane, who suggested that she and her sons join him in Egypt so that she could report on the female side of Egypt's gender-segregated society. The result was her book of letters The Englishwoman in Egypt: Letters from Cairo (subtitled written during a residence there in 1842). She wrote that
   The opportunities I might enjoy of obtaining an insight into the mode of life of the higher classes of the ladies in this country, and of seeing many things highly interesting in themselves, and rendered more so by their being accessible only to a lady, suggested to him the idea that I might both gratify my own curiosity and collect much information of a novel and interesting nature, which he proposed I should embody in a series of familiar letters to a friend.
Like her brother, Poole adopted local customs and dress in order to gain acceptance in Egyptian social circles. An Egyptian acquaintance of Edward Lane wrote that his household consisted of his mother and sister, "[both of whom] always wore the Egyptian dress, and never left the house except heavily swathed and veiled. The Sheykh al-Dessouki, who frequented Lane’s house regularly, never saw their faces." However, Poole herself hated veiling, and writes that she veiled only in order to gain access to harems, bathhouses, and other "women-only" areas.
She died on 6 May 1891 at the home of her eldest son, Reginald Stuart Poole (1822–1895), at the British Museum, and was buried at West Norwood Cemetery. Another son, Edward Stanley Poole (1830–1867), became an Arabic scholar and editor of the Encyclopædia Britannica. After his death she and her brother Edward Lane raised his three orphaned children, a daughter and two sons, Stanley Lane-Poole (also an orientalist and archaeologist) and Reginald Lane Poole (a historian and archivist).
Sophias' brother was Richard James Lane, a distinguished engraver and lithographer. Her other brother, Edward William Lane was an orientalist like her and so was her eldest son Reginald Stuart Poole.
# Marianne Young

Marianne Ridgway became Mrs. Thomas Postans and Marianne Young (4 January 1811 – 6 October 1897) was an English travel writer and illustrator.

## Life

Young was born in 1811 in Pimlico. Her parents were Elizabeth Wells Fortescue and Richard Bowling Hunter Ridgway. Her father dealt in wine he was held in the Fleet prison for debt in 1822.
In 1839 she published her first book, ""Cutch; or, random sketches" which she created while living in that area of western India with her husband Thomas Postans. She wrote in a light style but her research was intense. She came fluent in Hindustani and she would support her text with her own illustrations. She had been living in the area for five years and her illustrated book included stories of the area's legends and its traditions. In the same year she published a two volume work, Western India in 1838, which expanded in the work on Cutch to include a wider area including the city of Mumbai which was then known as Bombay. These books were published in the year that her husband, now a Lieutenant, was posted to Sind in what is now Pakistan.
Her work mirrored that of her husband as he has creating reports for the British government and she was reporting similar subjects for a popular audience.
After five years in Sindh she published Facts and Fictions which went to three volumes. In the same year her husband died and she returned to Britain where she married again.
In 1853 she published "Persecution in Tuscany: a call for the protection of religious liberty throughout the world ..." which was addressed to William Gladstone.
Young died in 1897 in Wrington.
# Sara Wheeler

Sara Diane Wheeler FRSL (born 20 March 1961) is an English travel author and biographer, noted for her accounts of polar regions.

## Biography

Sara Wheeler was brought up in Bristol, England, and studied Classics and Modern Languages at Brasenose College, University of Oxford. After writing about her travels on the Greek island of Euboea and in Chile, she was accepted by the US National Science Foundation as their first female writer-in-residence at the South Pole, and spent seven months in Antarctica.
In her resultant book Terra Incognita: Travels in Antarctica, she mentioned sleeping in the captain’s bunk in Scott's Hut. Whilst in Antarctica she read The Worst Journey in the World, an account of the Terra Nova Expedition, and she later wrote a biography of its author, Apsley Cherry-Garrard.
In 1999 she was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Literature. From 2005 to 2009 she served as Trustee of the London Library.
She was frequently abroad for two years, travelled to Russia, Alaska, Greenland, Canada and North Norway to write her book The Magnetic North: Travels in the Arctic. A journalist at the Daily Telegraph in the UK called it a "snowstorm of historical, geographical and anthropological facts".
In a 2012 BBC Radio 4 series: To Strive and Seek, she told the personal stories of five various members of the Terra Nova Expedition.
O My America!: Second Acts in a New World records the lives of women who travelled to America in the first half of the 19th century: Fanny Trollope, Fanny Kemble, Harriet Martineau, Rebecca Burlend, Isabella Bird, and Catherine Hubback, and the author's travels in pursuit of them.
In 2023, Wheeler published Glowing Still, a collection of essays based on her travels, and her reflections on how the world has changed in her lifetime.

## Travel books

* Evia: Travels on an Undiscovered Greek Island (1992) ISBN 0-356-20367-0
* Chile: Travels in a Thin Country (1994) ISBN 0-375-75365-6
* Terra Incognita: Travels in Antarctica (1997) ISBN 0-375-75338-9
* The Magnetic North: Travels in the Arctic (2010) ISBN 0-374-20013-0
* Access All Areas: Selected Writings 1990–2010 (2011) ISBN 0-224-09071-2
* Mud and Stars: Travels in Russia with Pushkin, Tolstoy, and Other Geniuses of the Golden Age (2019) ISBN 9-781-5247-48012
* Glowing Still:A Woman's Life on the Road (2023) ISBN 9-781-408716748

## Biography books

* Cherry: A Life of Apsley Cherry-Garrard (2002) ISBN 0-375-50328-5
* Too Close to the Sun: The Life and Times of Denys Finch Hatton (2006) ISBN 0-8129-6892-1
* O My America!: Second Acts in a New World (2013) ISBN 978-0-22409-070-4

### Children's book

* Dear Daniel: Letters from Antarctica (1997) ISBN 0-416-23690-1
# Kraken galaxy

The Kraken galaxy is a hypothetical galaxy that is proposed to have collided and merged with the Milky Way around 11 billion years ago. The Kraken contributed at least 13 (9%) of the surviving 150 globular clusters to the Milky Way. Its existence was first proposed in 2020.
# Henri Zagwijn

Henri Zagwijn (17 July 1878 – 23 October 1954) was a Dutch composer.
Born in Nieuwer-Amstel, Zagwijn never received a formal musical education, instead being almost completely self-taught in composition. He was attracted to the style of the Impressionists and began to compose in a manner reflective of trends then current in France. He gained an appointment to teach at the Rotterdam School of Music in 1916; two years later, with Sem Dresden, he founded the Society of Modern Composers in the Netherlands. Later in his career he settled in The Hague, and from 1931 taught at the Rotterdam Conservatory. An anthroposophic disciple of Rudolf Steiner, he published De muziek in het licht der anthroposophie in 1935; in 1940 he published a life of Claude Debussy. Zagwijn died in The Hague. His compositional output consists largely of chamber music.

## Selected works

* 1912: "Der Zauberlehrling" , ballad for tenor, baritone, chorus and orchestra
* 1926: "Musik zur Eurythmie" for piano
* 1932: "String Sextet"
* 1937: "Morgenzang" , a vocalise for soprano and ensemble
* 1938: "Vom Jahreslauf" for choir and orchestra, on a text by Rudolf Steiner
* 1939: "Concertante" for piano and orchestra
* 1941: "Concertante" for flute and orchestra
* 1941: "Mystère" for harp and piano
* 1946: "Concertante" for piano and orchestra
* 1948: "Concerto" for harp and orchestra
* 1949: "Ballade" for harp
* pub. 1952: Paraphrase over twee Nederlandse voksliederen (Paraphrases on two Dutch Folk Songs), for carillon
* pub. 1956: Variaties over het lied "Schoon jonkvrouw ik moet u klagen" (Variations on the Song "Schoon jonkvrouw ik moet u klagen"), for carillon
* pub. 1956: Vesper, for carillon
# Sechelt/Porpoise Bay Water Aerodrome

Sechelt/Porpoise Bay Water Aerodrome (TC LID: CAX3) was an aerodrome located adjacent to Sechelt, British Columbia, Canada. The airport was listed as abandoned in the 15 March 2007 Canada Flight Supplement.

## Current usage

Whilst the aerodrome has been closed, the Sechelt Inlet/Porpoise Bay area is still used daily by private airline operators. Daily scheduled flights by Harbour Air leave from the Lighthouse Pub Complex at 5764 Wharf Avenue, and Sunshine Coast Air has its own separate base located at 5987 Sechelt Inlet Road.
At its pre-pandemic peak, Harbour Air had three daily round-trip flights to each of the following water aerodromes: Nanaimo (CAC8), Vancouver Harbour (CYHC) and Vancouver International Airport (CAM9).
The Lighthouse Pub Complex also allows private owners of float planes to land their float planes for a small fee.
# Roger Collins

Roger J. H. Collins (born 2 September 1949) is an English medievalist, currently an honorary fellow in history at the University of Edinburgh.
Collins studied at the University of Oxford (Queen's and Saint Cross Colleges) under Peter Brown and John Michael Wallace-Hadrill. He then taught ancient and medieval history at the universities of Liverpool and Bristol. He arrived at the University of Edinburgh in 1994 and joined the Institute of Advanced Studies in the Humanities before becoming an honorary fellow in the Department of History (now the School of History, Classics and Archaeology) in 1998.
His research has primarily concerned the Early Middle Ages, with an emphasis on Spain, but also the Franks. His studies on the Basques and the Papacy (ongoing) have extended beyond this medieval period into the modern. His most recent publication is a book on the seventh- and eighth-century versions of the Chronicle of Fredegar for the Monumenta Germaniae Historica.

## Select bibliography

The following select list of writing. Only first printings and English versions are noted, as well as the latest revisions.
* Early Medieval Spain: Unity in Diversity, 400–1000 (London: Macmillans, 1983, 2nd ed. 1995)
* The Basques (Oxford: Blackwell, 1986, 2nd ed. 1990)
* The Arab Conquest of Spain, 710–797 (Oxford: Blackwell, 1989, 2nd ed. 1994)
* Early Medieval Europe, 300–1000 (London: Macmillans, 1991, 2nd ed. 1999, 3rd ed. 2010)
* Law, Culture and Regionalism in Early Medieval Spain (Aldershot: Variorum, 1992)
* (with Judith McClure) Bede's Ecclesiastical History: Introduction and notes, together with translations of Bede's Letter to Egbert and his Greater Chronicle (Oxford: Oxford University Press World's Classics, 1994, 2nd ed. 1996)
* Fredegar (Aldershot: Variorum, 1996)
* Oxford Archaeological Guide to Spain (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998)
* Charlemagne (London: Macmillans, 1998)
* Visigothic Spain, 409–711 (Oxford: Blackwell, 2004)
* (edited with Patrick Wormald and Donald Bullough) Ideal and Reality in Frankish and Anglo-Saxon Society: Studies presented to Professor J.M. Wallace-Hadrill (Oxford: Blackwell, 1983)
* (edited with Peter Goldman) Charlemagne's Heir: New Approaches to the Reign of Louis the Pious (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1990)
* (edited with Anthony Goodman) Medieval Spain: Culture, Conflict and Coexistence (Basingstoke and New York: Palgrave-Macmillan, 2002)
* Keepers of the Keys of Heaven: A History of the Papacy (New York: Basic Books 2009)
* Caliphs and Kings: Spain, 796-1031 (A History of Spain) (UK: Wiley-Blackwell, 2012)
# R. A. Waldron

Ronald Alan Waldron (born 9 January 1927) is an English medievalist, considered a pre-eminent expert in the field of early English literature. He wrote many books and was a lecturer at the University of Aarhus in Denmark and King's College London. He made an especial focus on the poem Sir Gawain and the Green Knight.

## Early life

Waldron was born and raised in Teignmouth in south Devon, attending Teignmouth Grammar School. After leaving school he worked as a clerk at Teignmouth Electric Company before being called up for national service late in World War II. After the war under the governmental Further Education and Training Scheme programme he attended the University College of the South West of England and graduated in 1951, then did postgraduate work at Royal Holloway College of the University of London, graduating in 1953. He was married to Mary (née Mary Margaret Dodd) in 1955 and they had three children. His first book, published by the Oxford University Press in 1967, was Sense and Sense Development, a non-technical work on semantics.

## Books about Ronald Alan Waldron

* New Perspectives on Middle English Texts: a Festschrift for R. A. Waldron

## Works written or edited by Ronald Alan Waldron

* Sir Gawain and the Green Knight
* The Poems of the Pearl Manuscript: Pearl, Cleanness, Patience, Sir Gawain and the Green Knight
* Medieval English Studies Presented to George Kane
* The Complete Works of the Pearl Poet
* Doublets in the Translation Techniques of John Trevisa
# Lynette R. Muir

Lynette Ross Muir (30 December 1930 – 2 July 2007) was an English scholar of medieval literature. She was a Reader in the Department of French Language and Literature at the University of Leeds.

## Life

Lynette Ross Muir was born on 30 December 1930 in Eastbourne, England. She received a BA with first-class honours from the University of Exeter in 1951 and a PhD from the University of London in 1956.
Following her studies, Muir spent her academic career at Leeds, where she was, in the assessment of Tony Hunt, "one of the leading figures in the Centre for Medieval Studies". In 1974, Muir organised the first international colloquium on medieval European theatre, which inspired a second colloquium at Alençon and the foundation of the Société Internationale pour l’étude du théâtre médiéval in 1977. In 1975, Muir was central to co-ordinating the staging of 42 pageants from the York Mystery Plays on the Leeds campus. From 1977 to 1982, Muir was the director of Leeds's Graduate Centre for Medieval Studies: in 1978, she oversaw a change in its name to Centre for Medieval Studies and procured dedicated space for the Centre for the first time in 1979.
Muir died on 2 July 2007, just as her last book was published; only a delivery delay caused by the 2007 Royal Mail industrial disputes prevented Muir from seeing the volume before she died.

## Selected publications
### Academic

* Liturgy and Drama in the Anglo-Norman Adam. Blackwell; Society for the Study of Mediaeval Languages and Literature. 1973. ISBN 0-631-15520-1. OCLC 3074336.
* 'Introduction' and 'The Capture of Orange' in William, Count of Orange: Four Old French Epics, ed. by Glanville Price (London: Dent, 1975), ISBN 0874716098
* Durbin, Peter; Muir, Lynette R., eds. (1981). The Passion de Semur. Leeds Medieval Studies, 3. Leeds: The University of Leeds, Centre for Medieval Studies. ISBN 978-0-906441-02-2.
* Literature and Society in Medieval France: The Mirror and the Image, 1100–1500. St. Martin's Press. 1985. ISBN 0-312-48748-7. OCLC 12107409.
* Muir, Lynette R. (1995). The Biblical Drama of Medieval Europe. Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/cbo9780511519697. ISBN 978-0-521-41291-9.
* Love and Conflict in Medieval Drama: The Plays and Their Legacy. Cambridge University Press. 2007. ISBN 978-0-521-82756-0. OCLC 76935897.

### Children's fiction

* The Unicorn Window. 1961.
* Nicholas and the Devils. 1985.
* The Girls of St Cyr. 1994.
# Caddell

Caddell is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* James Caddell (1794–1826), New Zealand Pākehā Māori, sealer and interpreter
* Jason Caddell, guitarist in The Dismemberment Plan, a Washington D.C.–based indie rock band
* John B. Caddell, after whom the ship John B. Caddell was named
* Patrick Caddell (1950–2019), American public opinion pollster and a political film consultant
* Shirley Caddell (1931–2010), American country music and rockabilly singer, yodeller, guitarist and songwriter
* Trevor Caddell (born 1993), American professional wrestler, better known by the ring name Trevor Lee
* Walter Caddell (1879–1944), British military officer