OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dual uniform polyhedron

A dual uniform polyhedron is the dual of a uniform polyhedron. Where a uniform polyhedron is vertex-transitive, a dual uniform polyhedron is face-transitive.

## Enumeration

The face-transitive polyhedra comprise a set of 9 regular polyhedra, two finite sets comprising 66 non-regular polyhedra, and two infinite sets:
* 5 regular convex Platonic solids: regular tetrahedron, cube, regular octahedron, regular dodecahedron, and regular icosahedron. The regular octahedron is dual to the cube, and the regular icosahedron is dual to the regular dodecahedron. The regular tetrahedron is self-dual, meaning its dual is the regular tetrahedron itself.
* 4 regular star Kepler–Poinsot solids: great dodecahedron, small stellated dodecahedron, great icosahedron, and great stellated dodecahedron. The great dodecahedron is dual to the small stellated dodecahedron, and the great icosahedron is dual to the great stellated dodecahedron.
* 13 convex Catalan solids, which are dual to the uniform convex Archimedean solids.
* 53 star polyhedra, which are dual to the uniform star polyhedra.
* The infinite series of bipyramids, which are dual to the uniform prisms, both convex and star.
* The infinite series of trapezohedra, which are dual to the uniform antiprisms, both convex and star.
The full set are described by Wenninger, together with instructions for constructing models, in his book Dual Models.

## Dorman Luke construction

For a uniform polyhedron, each face of the dual polyhedron may be derived from the original polyhedron's corresponding vertex figure by using the Dorman Luke construction. Dorman Luke's construction proceeds as follows:
* Mark the points A, B, C, D of each edge connected to the vertex V (in this case, the midpoints) such that VA = VB = VC = VD.
* Draw the vertex figure ABCD.
* Draw the circumcircle of ABCD.
* Draw the line tangent to the circumcircle at each corner A, B, C, D.
* Mark the points E, F, G, H, where each two adjacent tangent lines meet.
The line segments EF, FG, GH, HE are already drawn, as parts of the tangent lines. The polygon EFGH is the face of the dual polyhedron that corresponds to the original vertex V.
In this example, the size of the vertex figure was chosen so that its circumcircle lies on the intersphere of the cuboctahedron, which also becomes the intersphere of the dual rhombic dodecahedron. Dorman Luke's construction can only be used when a polyhedron has such an intersphere so that the vertex figure has a circumcircle. For instance, it can be applied to the uniform polyhedra.
# University of Kashmir Convocation Complex

University of Kashmir Convocation Complex is a multi-purpose auditorium complex located inside the main campus of University of Kashmir. It is one of the largest auditorium facilities not only in Jammu and Kashmir, India, but in the whole of North India.
The Complex is spread over an area of 25,000 sq ft and conveniently accessible from two of the gates of University Campus; Sir Syed Gate and Maulana Rumi Gate. It has a seating capacity of 2500 persons.
The Complex was constructed by University Construction Division with assistance from Kadiri Consultants, Mumbai and Construction Engineers, Srinagar.
The first director to head the Directorate of Convocation Complex was Dr. S Mufeed Ahmed of the Business School, University of Kashmir. Dr Nisar Ahmad Mir is currently Director of the Complex.

## History

Sensing the need for such a facility, work on the University Convocation Complex commenced on 7 November 1981 when the foundation stone of the multi-Crore project was laid by then Chief Minister of Jammu & Kashmir, Sheikh Mohammad Abdullah. Soon after, the construction work remained suspended for several years due to technical reasons.
Work on the Complex however resumed in February 2004 after a peer team from the National Assessment and Accreditation Council while on an on-site visit suggested that the completion of the Complex be undertaken. The university's Construction Division with the help of Kadiri Consultants, Mumbai and Construction Engineers, Srinagar went on to complete the Complex and it was finally thrown open on 4 July 2007 by Lt Gen (Retd.) S K Sinha, who was then Chancellor of the University of Kashmir.

## Construction

Construction of this complex cost ₹ 8 crores.

## Noted visitors to the complex

* Former President of India, Pranab Mukherjee
* Former President of India, Pratibha Devisingh Patil
* Vice President of India, Mohammad Hamid Ansari
* Minister of Rural Development, Jairam Ramesh
* Former Chairman of the Prime Minister's Economic Advisory Council, C. Rangarajan
* Former Governor of Jammu and Kashmir, Narinder Nath Vohra
* Former Chief Minister of Jammu and Kashmir, Omar Abdullah
* Former Chief Minister of Jammu and Kashmir, Mufti Muhammad Sayeed
* Jagjit Singh
* A G Noorani

## Directors of the Complex

* Prof. Sheikh Mufeed Ahmad (2007 to 2011)
* Dr. Muhammad Shafi Sumbli (2011 to August 2018)
* Mr. Altaf Ahmad Bhat (September 2018 - incumbent)
# Northern Manitoba Trappers' Festival

The Northern Manitoba Trappers’ Festival is an annual winter festival held in February in The Pas, Manitoba, Canada. It is Manitoba’s oldest festival and one of Canada’s oldest winter festivals. The festival celebrates a wide variety of skills and activities that were, and in many cases still are, a matter of survival for life in Northern Canada, including ice fishing, muskrat skinning, tea boiling, bannock baking, and chain saw events. The highlight of the festival is the sled dog race, known as the World Championship Dog Race.

## History

In 1916, a number of local pioneers organized The Pas Dog Derby to motivate the development of a better type of sled dog, and to publicize the opportunities and development in The Pas and Northern Manitoba. The Derby consisted of a series of festive events and activities that centered around a competitive dog race, which is now known as the World Championship Dog Race. At the time, the road system in Northern Manitoba was less developed and the use of sled dog teams was vital during Northern Manitoba winters. The festival continued until 1931 (except for the war years of 1917 and 1918) when economic conditions forced its suspension. Although the derby was commonly known as the Trappers’ Festival, it was also referred to as The Hudson Bay Dog Derby, The Pas Winter Festival, and the Northern Festival. The festival and World Championship Dog Race were revived in 1948 and have occurred every year since.

## World Championship Dog Race

The first race was held on March 17, 1916. It took place over 150 miles across frozen ice and snow, and was the longest course in the world. Nine teams entered The Pas Dog Derby that first year to compete for the grand prize of $1,000. From 1916-1931, the dog race took place over a distance of between 140 and 200 miles, with the race usually running from one town to another, and included Carrot River, Cranberry Portage, Flin Flon, and Cumberland House. When the Trappers Festival was revived in 1948 until 1976, the dog race was run in three daily laps of 50 miles each. Today, the race is run in three 35-mile heats held over three days. Racers begin each day at 10 a.m. on Halcrow Lake for a mass start. Mushers who achieve the lowest combined time score in each category over the three-day race are declared the winners. The World Championship Dog Race is affiliated with the International Federation of Sleddog Sports.
# Battle of Varvarin

The Battle of Varvarin (Serbian Cyrillic: Варваринска битка) was fought on 5 September 1810 between Serbian Revolutionary forces supported by Russian troops and Ottoman forces near Varvarin, at the time part of the Ottoman Empire, (today Serbia). During the 10-hour battle, the Turkish army unsuccessfully attacked the Russians and Serbs, but was never able to push them out of their positions, retreating in the evening with heavy casualties.

## Battle

After their costly defence of Niš in May 1809, the Ottoman army launched a new expedition in Serbia decided to quell the rebellion. Khurshid Pasha and an Ottoman army of 12,000 advanced against Kara George and 3,000 Serbians and Russians to the northwest at Varvarin.
The Russian detachment sent in support was intercepted by Khurshid Pasha on open ground near Jasika at Varvarin, but the Russian square led by Irish-born Russian General Joseph O’Rourke proved impenetrable; the Serbians, who had been held in reserve at the outset of the battle were then let by Karageorge on the exhausted Turks defeating them. Khurshid Pasha withdrew his remaining troops back to the camp behind Varvarin, and on the 13th withdrew through Kruševac to Niš.

## Aftermath

Another victory at Loznica a month later drove the Turks out of Serbia, but following the Bucharest peace treaty of 1812, Russia halted the war against Turkey, and the Serbs were left to face the Ottoman Empire on their own.

## Legacy

A statue to Joseph O'Rourke, as well as a monument to the fallen participants of the battle, was erected in 1910 on the centenary of the victory and unveiled by King Peter I of Serbia. In 2010 a ceremony took place marking the 200 years of the Battle on the Varvarin, in presence of the Serbian minister of defense Dragan Šutanovac and of the Ambassador of Russia.
# Christophoros Nungovitch

Christophoros Nungovitch (born 14 December 1989 in Kinshasa, DR Congo) is a Cypriot professional handball player who plays as a goalkeeper for Cypriot A1 Andrón side Anorthosis Famagusta HB and for the DR Congo men's national handball team. He formerly captained the Cyprus men's national handball team. Nungovitch played for professional teams in Cyprus, Greece, France, Slovakia, Switzerland, Russia, Germany and Italy.

## Honours
### Club
#### EHF Challenge Cup

* Winner: 2011–2012

#### Swiss NLB

* Champion: 2018-2019

#### Greek 1st League

* Champion: 2011-2012, 2013-2014
* Runner-up: 2012-13, 2014-2015

#### Greek Cup

* Runner-up: 2013-14

#### Cypriot 1st League

* Champion: 2008-2009, 2009-2010, 2010–2011

#### Cypriot Cup

* Winner: 2008-2009, 2010-2011

### National Team

Weihai International Beach Handball Tournament, China
* Champion 2017

### Individual

* Russian Super Cup Final (against Chekhovskiye Medvedi) MVP: 2019
* International Tournament GoEasy-Cup Best Goalkeeper award: 2018
* EBT Petrolina Beach Handball Tournament Best Goalkeeper award: 2017
* 4° International Handball Tournament Arminius Cup Best Goalkeeper award: 2017
* 2° IHF Men’s Emerging Nations Championship All-Star: 2017
* Hellenic Handball Federation Best Goalkeeper: 2012, 2015
* Cyprus Handball Federation Best Young Goalkeeper: 2008
# Hemicycliophora

Hemicycliophora is a genus of nematodes belonging to the family Hemicycliophoridae. They are collectively referred to as sheath nematodes.
The genus has cosmopolitan distribution.
Species:
* Hemicycliophora andrassyi Brzeski, 1974
* Hemicycliophora aquatica (Micoletzky, 1913)
* Hemicycliophora arenaria Raski, 1958
* Hemicycliophora belemnis Germani & Luc, 1973
* Hemicycliophora biformis (Chitwood & Birchfield, 1957)
* Hemicycliophora chilensis Brzeski, 1974
* Hemicycliophora conida Thorne, 1955
* Hemicycliophora diolaensis Germani & Luc, 1973
* Hemicycliophora epicharoides Loof, 1969
* Hemicycliophora floridensis (Chitwood & Birchfiled, 1957)
* Hemicycliophora fluvialis Bird, 1999
* Hemicycliophora hellenica Vovlas, 2000
* Hemicycliophora iberica Castillo et al., 1990
* Hemicycliophora italiae Brzeski & Ivanova, 1979
* Hemicycliophora labiata Colbran, 1960
* Hemicycliophora loofi Maas, 1970
* Hemicycliophora lutosa Loof & Heyns, 1969
* Hemicycliophora macristhmus Loof, 1968
* Hemicycliophora micoletzkyi Goffart, 1951
* Hemicycliophora nucleata Loof, 1968
* Hemicycliophora oostenbrinki (Luc, 1958)
* Hemicycliophora paracouensis Van Den Berg & Quénéhervé, 1995
* Hemicycliophora robusta Loof, 1968
* Hemicycliophora strenzkei Volz, 1951
* Hemicycliophora subbotini Maria, Cai, Qu, Castillo & Zheng, 2018
* Hemicycliophora thienemanni Schneider, 1925
* Hemicycliophora thornei Goodey, 1963
* Hemicycliophora triangulum Loof, 1968
* Hemicycliophora typica de Man, 1921
* Hemicycliophora wyei Cordero, Robbins & Szalanski, 2013
* Hemicycliophora zuckermani Brzeski, 1963
# Sabre of Charlemagne

The so-called Sabre of Charlemagne (German: Säbel Karls des Großen) is an early sabre of Hungarian (Magyar) type (presumably made in the early 10th century) which has been exceptionally preserved (as opposed to recovered from the archaeological record) as part of the Aachen regalia of the Holy Roman Empire. Along with the rest of the imperial regalia from both Aachen and Nuremberg, it is now kept in the Hofburg Palace, Vienna.
The Sabre of Charlemagne is not to be confused with Joyeuse, another sword claimed to have been Charlemagne's personal weapon and used as regalia, but associated with the coronation of the French monarch rather than the Holy Roman Emperor.

## History

The sabre is of the Eastern European type and most likely dates to the first half of the 10th century. According to tradition, Otto III recovered the weapon when he opened Charlemagne's grave in AD 1000. 19th-century antiquarian scholarship was prepared to accept the weapon's Carolingian age, but the modern estimate, while compatible with its association with Otto III, rules out any direct connection with Charlemagne.
When French troops approached Aachen in 1794 the Imperial regalia located there were taken to the Capuchin abbey at Paderborn, then to Hildesheim in 1798 and finally to Vienna in 1801. The sabre was stored in the Treasury of the Hofburg Palace in Vienna. On the orders of Adolf Hitler, the imperial relics were brought to Nuremberg in 1938, where they were displayed in the Katharinenkloster. During the Second World War they were stored in the Historischer Kunstbunker to protect them from aerial bombardment. The Imperial regalia were found there by American soldiers in 1945 and returned to the Hofburg in 1946.
# Robert Pellegrini

Robert J. Pellegrini is an American psychologist, Professor Emeritus of Psychology at San Jose State University.

## Biography

He holds a BA degree from Clark University, and MA and PhD degrees from the University of Denver, He had pre-doctoral internships at the University of Colorado School of Medicine, Children's Asthmatic Research Institute and National Jewish Hospitals in Denver, and did post-doctoral work at Stanford University.
He also held positions at SJSU as Associate Dean for Research, Director of Sponsored Programs, and Psychology Department Chair.
He co-founded a BA degree program at CTF, Soledad.
He was a president of the Western Psychological Association.

## Research

His initial research was on nonverbal measures of affect as indices of racial prejudice. He challenged as meaningless on quantitative methodological grounds the (early 1960s) widely quoted arguments of psychometric "experts" concerning statistically significant race differences in IQ scores. His later research included studies of the effect of color on human functioning in both laboratory and applied settings, studies of impression-formation, political identification and attributed causes of homelessness, the medical significance of adult attachment styles, the effects of anticipated opportunity on performance, and the storied roots of identity formation.
Pellegrni's has authored Identities for Life and Death: Can we save us from our toxically-storied selves? and its associated Identities for Life and Death Forever Daily Message Calendar.

## Publications

Pellegrini, R. J. Bringing psychology to life. San Jose, CA: Canyon Ridge Press,1996 ISBN 1-56018-999-1.
Pellegrini, R. J. Study Guide To Accompany Uba/Huang's Psychology. New York: Addison Wesley Longman Publishers, Inc. (1999) ISBN 0-321-01213-5
Pellegrini, R. J., and Sarbin, T. R. (Eds.) Between fathers and sons: Critical incident narratives in the development of men's lives. Binghamton, NY: The Haworth Press, Inc. (2002) ISBN 0-7890-1511-0).
Pellegrini, R. J. Identities for life and death: Can we save us from our toxically storied selves. Peoria, AZ: Intermedia Publishing, (2011) (www.impbrbooks.com).
# Lake Gogebic State Park

Lake Gogebic State Park is a public recreation area covering 360 acres (150 ha) in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan. The state park sits on the western shore of Lake Gogebic, the largest inland lake in the Upper Peninsula. The land around the park is sparsely populated, and relatively flat.

## History

In 1926, Gogebic County purchased land on Lake Gogebic, which it gave to the State of Michigan. E. J. Stickley and W. Bonafas gave additional land to the state and in 1930 the park opened. Two gravestones discovered in the park in 1962, engraved "1822 JOHN KEY" and "1824 WHITH", are thought by researchers to be those of fur traders or others dealing with Native Americans.

## Activities and amenities

The park offers nearly a mile of beach front access, fishing, swimming, boat launch, camping, picnicking, and a 2-mile (3.2 km) nature trail through the Ottawa National Forest.
# Jerrettspass

Jerrettspass (Irish: Bealach Sheirit) is a small village in County Armagh, Northern Ireland, beside the River Blackwater, that forms the border with County Down. It is situated in the townland of Kilmonaghan, in the civil parish of Killevy and the historic barony of Orior Lower, approximately 4 miles north of the city of Newry. It lies within the Newry, Mourne and Down District Council.

## History

The English name of the village, Jerrettspass, is reputedly a corruption of a former name, "Gerald" or "Gerrard's Pass".
There is a 1730s lock at Jerrettspass along a canal that was made at the same time, although was replaced by a railway in the 1850s. The canal, known as the Newry Canal, closed in the 1930s. The nearby rail bridge, towpath accommodation bridge and canal bridge are subject to protection as listed buildings.
The Presbyterian church at Jerrettspass was founded in 1801 and, in 1902, was joined with the nearby Drumbanagher church to form the First Drumbanagher and Jerrettspass Presbyterian Church. It was subsequently united in a joint pastorage with Kingsmill Presbyterian Church.
As of the early 20th century, the village of Jerrettspass had a post office, two shops, a public house, blacksmith's forge, a school and church. The post office, which had been in operation for approximately 150 years, closed in 2009.
In May 2021, the National Crime Agency discovered 11 firearms in Jerrettspass as part of an investigation into organised crime. It was described as "most significant firearms find in NI in a decade".

## Demography

NISRA does not publish discrete census data for Jerrettspass.
# Lost Lad London

Lost Lad London (ロスト・ラッド・ロンドン, Rosuto Raddo Rondon) is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Shima Shinya. It was serialized in Enterbrain's Comic Beam manga magazine from December 2019 to May 2021.

## Publication

Written and illustrated by Shima Shinya, Lost Lad London was serialized in Enterbrain's Comic Beam manga magazine from December 12, 2019 to May 12, 2021. Its chapters were collected into three tankōbon volumes released from January 12 to June 11, 2021.
During their panel at New York Comic Con 2021 panel, Yen Press announced that they licensed the series for English publication.
| No. | Original release date | Original ISBN | North American release date | North American ISBN |
| 1 | January 12, 2021 | 978-4-04-736484-4 | May 24, 2022 | 978-1-97-534082-7 |
| 2 | January 12, 2021 | 978-4-04-736485-1 | August 30, 2022 | 978-1-97-534161-9 |
| 3 | June 11, 2021 | 978-4-04-736688-6 | January 17, 2023 | 978-1-97-534526-6 |

## Reception

The series won a New Face Award in the Manga Division at the 25th Japan Media Arts Festival in 2022.
# Álvaro Martins

Álvaro Martins, also known as Álvaro Martins Homem, was a 15th-century Portuguese explorer alleged to have explored the western Atlantic and later the African coast. He is claimed to have accompanied João Vaz Corte-Real on an undocumented expedition to Terra Nova do Bacalhau (literally, "New Land of the Codfish") in the early 1470s, by Gaspar Frutuoso in his 1570s book Saudades da Terra.
It is known that Álvaro Martins was granted the captaincy of Praia, in the Portuguese archipelago of the Azores, on 17 February 1474 for his services to Infante Ferdinand, Duke of Viseu, an office he held for some years. It was following the disappearance of Jacome de Bruges that the King divided the island between Angra and Praia, granting Praia to Álvaro Martins, while João Vaz Corte-Real obtained the Captaincy of Angra. Álvaro Martins and his son (Antão) were responsible for the fortifications, and the development of agriculture and commerce in northern Terceira.
He is also said to have accompanied Bartolomeu Dias on his journey around the Cape of Good Hope from 1487 to 1488.
# John Freeman (poet)

John Frederick Freeman (29 January 1880 – 23 September 1929) was an English poet and essayist, who gave up a successful career in insurance to write full-time.
He was born in London, and started as an office boy aged 13. He was a close friend of Walter de la Mare from 1907, who lobbied hard with Edward Marsh to get Freeman into the Georgian Poetry series; with eventual success. De la Mare's biographer Theresa Whistler describes him as "tall, gangling, ugly, solemn, punctilious".
He won the Hawthornden Prize in 1920 with Poems 1909-1920. His Last Hours was set to music by Ivor Gurney.

## Works

* Fifty Poems (1911)
* Happy is England (1914)
* Presage of Victory (1916)
* Stone Trees (1916)
* The Moderns: Essays in Literary Criticism (1917); essays on George Bernard Shaw, H. G. Wells, Thomas Hardy, Maurice Maeterlinck, Henry James, Joseph Conrad, Coventry Patmore, Francis Thompson, and Robert Bridges.
* Memories of Childhood and other Poems (1919)
* Poems 1909-1920 (1920)
* Music (1921)
* The Red Path, A Narrative, And The Wounded Bird (1921)
* A Portrait of George Moore in a Study of his Work (1922)
* The Grove and Other Poems (1925)
* Prince Absalom (1925)
* Solomon and Balkis (1926)
* Collected Poems (1928)
* Last Poems (1930)
* John Freeman's Letters (1936) posthumous; edited by Gertrude Freeman & Sir John Squire
# Jonathan Willcocks

Jonathan Peter Willcocks BEM (born 9 January 1953) is an English composer and conductor.
Willcocks was born in Worcester, the son of conductor and composer Sir David Willcocks. He was a chorister at King's College, Cambridge, and an Open Music Scholar at Clifton College. He graduated with an Honours degree in Music from the University of Cambridge in 1974, where he held a choral scholarship at Trinity College. He served as director of music at The Portsmouth Grammar School (1975–78) and Bedales School, Petersfield (1978–89).
He is conductor and musical director of Guildford Choral Society and Chichester Singers, and of the professional chamber orchestra Southern Pro Musica. From 1998 to 2008 he was the director of the Junior Academy, Royal Academy of Music in London. In 2016, Willcocks was appointed Festival Conductor of the Leith Hill Musical Festival, the 5th since Ralph Vaughan Williams and succeeding Brian Kay who held the post for 21 years.
Willcocks was awarded the British Empire Medal (BEM) in the 2024 New Year Honours for services to music.
# Salcia, Prahova

Salcia is a commune in Prahova County, Muntenia, Romania. It is composed of a single village, Salcia.
# Gornitzky & Co.

Gornitzky & Co., is a law firm in Israel. Its office is in Tel Aviv. The firm was established in 1938 by Israel Gornitzky. It is headed by Pinhas Rubin and co-managed by Lior Porat and Kfir Yadgar.
The firm represents major banks in Israel and abroad; investment companies; housing and construction companies; hi-tech and telecommunications companies; insurance companies; hotel and tourism companies. The firm has also represented the Israeli government.