OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Robert Davidson (educator)

Robert Davidson (1750–1812) was an American educator.

## Life

Davidson was born in Elkton, Maryland. He graduated at the University of Pennsylvania in 1771, was appointed instructor there in 1773, and in 1774 was given the chair of history and belles-lettres.
In 1774, Davidson was also licensed to preach, and a year later was ordained by the second Philadelphia presbytery, becoming Dr. Ewing's assistant in the first church. In 1775, he composed a metrical dialogue, which was recited at commencement before the Continental Congress, and in July of the same year, one month after the battle of Bunker Hill, delivered before several military companies a sermon from the text “For there fell down many slain, because the war was of God.”
In 1777, the occupation of Philadelphia by the British compelled Davidson to retire to Delaware. In 1783, Davidson was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society. In 1784 he was appointed vice-president of the newly organized Dickinson College, Carlisle, Pennsylvania, and given the chair of history and belles-lettres there, also acting as pastor of the Presbyterian church in Carlisle. He held this last office for the rest of his life, and succeeded in harmonizing a discordant congregation. In 1794 he preached twice before troops on their way to suppress the whiskey insurrection, and in 1799 delivered a eulogy of Washington. After Dr. Nisbet's death in 1804, Davidson discharged the duties of president of the college till 1809, when he resigned.
Davidson had a reputation as a scholar, but was especially interested astronomy, and invented a cosmosphere or compound globe. He was also a skillful draughtsman, and was a composer of sacred music. Besides sermons, he published an “Epitome of Geography, in Verse,” for the use of schools (1784); “The Christian's A, B, C,” or the 119th psalm in metre, each stanza beginning with a different letter (1811); and a “New Metrical Version of the Psalms,” with annotations (1812).
Davidson died on December 13, 1812.

## Family

His son, Robert Davidson, clergyman, b. in Carlisle, Pennsylvania, February 23, 1808; d. in Philadelphia, April 6, 1876, was graduated at Dickinson College in 1828, and Princeton Theological Seminary in 1831. He was pastor of the second Presbyterian church in Lexington, Kentucky, from 1832 to 1840, and in 1840 year became president of Transylvania University there. After his resignation in 1842, he held pastorates in New Brunswick, New Jersey, in 1843-1859, New York City in 1860-64, and Huntington, Long Island, in 1864-68, moving again to Philadelphia in the latter year. Davidson was for a quarter of a century a member of the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions, was permanent clerk of the General Assembly in 1845-1850, and in 1869 was a delegate to the General Assembly of the Free Church of Scotland, in Edinburgh.
# John Timothy Stone

John Timothy Stone (1868–1954) was an American Presbyterian clergyman.

## Biography

He was born in Boston and graduated from Amherst College (1891) and from Auburn Theological Seminary (1894). He was pastor of churches at Utica and Cortland, New York, until 1900; then of the Brown Memorial Presbyterian Church, Baltimore, until 1909; and in that year became pastor of the Fourth Presbyterian Church, Chicago. In 1913–14 he was moderator of the 125th General Assembly of the Presbyterian Church.

## Writings

* Footsteps in a Parish (1908)
* Recruiting for Christ (1910)
* Everyday Religion (1927)
* A Prayer to Begin the Day (1928)
He also wrote monographs on educational and religious subjects.
# George Porter (conspirator)

George Porter (c.1659 – 1728) was an English soldier and conspirator.

## Life

The son of Thomas Porter, he is described in contemporary accounts as a Roman Catholic, a man of pleasure, and a haunter of Jacobite taverns.
On 10 December 1684, a true bill of manslaughter was brought in against him for causing the death of Sir James Halkett during a fracas at a theatre; but he escaped punishment. In 1688, he was a captain in Colonel Henry Slingsby's regiment of horse. In May 1692, he was mentioned in a proclamation as a dangerous Jacobite, but he soon felt it safe to return to his old haunts, and in June 1695, he was temporarily taken into custody for rioting in a Drury Lane tavern and drinking King James's health.
After the death of Queen Mary, Porter associated himself more closely with Sir George Barclay, Robert Charnock, and other conspirators in the Jacobite plot. In December 1695 Charnock told him of the intention to secure the person of William III, alive or dead. Porter brought his servant Keyes into the plot; who organised the details of the plan. William was to be surprised in his coach in a miry lane between Chiswick and Turnham Green, while his guard was straggling after the passage of Queensferry. It was arranged that Porter should be one of the three leaders of the attack on the guards.
On the eve of the intended assassination, 21 February 1696, the conspirators assembled in the lodging that Porter shared with Charnock in Norfolk Street, Strand. The plot having been revealed, Porter and Keyes were pursued by the hue and cry and captured at Leatherhead. Fortunately for Porter, Sir Thomas Prendergast, 1st Baronet, the informer, who was under obligation to him, stipulated that Porter's life should be spared. Porter turned king's evidence, gaining a pardon and a grant from the exchequer (1 August 1696). His testimony facilitated the conviction of Charnock, King, Friend, Parkyns, Rookwood, Cranbourne, and Lowicke. Porter betrayed his servant Keyes, whom he had inveigled into the plot.
In November 1696 Sir John Fenwick was alarmed at the information possessed by Porter on the ramifications of this and previous plots, and he made a strenuous effort to get him out of the country. On condition that he immediately transported himself to France, he promised Porter three hundred guineas, an annuity, and a free pardon from James II. The negotiations were conducted through a barber named Clancy. Porter reported the intrigue to the authorities at Whitehall. On the day proposed for his departure to France, he met Clancy by arrangement at a tavern in Covent Garden. At a given signal Clancy was arrested, and subsequently convicted and pilloried. Later in the month Porter gave evidence against Fenwick.
Porter probably retired at the end of the year upon substantial earnings. In June 1697, he was accused of rape.
# Stuart Polak, Baron Polak

Stuart Polak, Baron Polak CBE (born 28 March 1961) is a British Conservative politician, life peer in the House of Lords and honorary president of the Conservative Friends of Israel.

## Early life

Stuart Polak was born in Liverpool, England. He attended the Childwall Hebrew Congregation, a synagogue in Liverpool, where he was a chazan, or cantor, during the Jewish High Holidays. He took educational trips to Israel from the age of fifteen.

## Career

Polak was a youth officer at the Edgware United Synagogue in Edgware, northwest London. He served as an officer of the Board of Deputies of British Jews in the 1980s.
Polak joined the Conservative Friends of Israel in 1989. He served as its Director for twenty-six years, until August 2015; he now serves as its honorary president. He also serves as chairman of TWC Associates and as a senior consultant to Jardine Lloyd Thompson.
Polak was appointed Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) for political service in the 2015 New Year Honours. He was created a life peer taking the title Baron Polak, of Hertsmere in the County of Hertfordshire on 2 October 2015.

## Resignation of Priti Patel

On 3 November 2017, the BBC's Diplomatic correspondent James Landale reported that Polak had accompanied Priti Patel, the Secretary of State for International Development when she had held a series of meetings in Israel in August 2017 without telling the Foreign and Commonwealth Office. They met Yair Lapid, the leader of Israel's centrist Yesh Atid party, and visited several organisations where official departmental business was discussed. Those meetings, and others later, led to Patel's resignation from the Cabinet on 8 November 2017. In 2021, former Foreign Minister Sir Alan Duncan published his diaries, in which Polak featured as a frequent opponent of his fellow Conservative Duncan, allegedly operating in tandem with CFI colleague Eric Pickles to ensure the pro-Palestinian Duncan did not acquire certain governmental positions.
In April 2024 Polak was accused of serving political interests of Israel instead of the interests of his own country - the United Kingdom. Specifically, former Conservative minister Alan Duncan said the following about Polak in his interview: "In my view, I think he should be removed from the Lords because he is exercising the interests of another country, not that of the parliament in which he sits". The Conservative Party launched an investigation into Alan Duncan, despite having no formal complaint, but found no wrongdoing and cleared him in July 2024.
# Sandra Zimmerli

Sandra Zimmerli (born 1965) from Panex VD is a Swiss ski mountaineer and radio journalist.
Especially in teams with Catherine Mabillard she competed successfully in the 1990s and early 2000s (decade), before she had to withdraw from sports due to an injury. In 2009, she returned to competition ski mountaineering sports.
As a journalist she worked for Radio Chablais and currently for La 1ère.

## Selected results

* 1994:
** 1st, Patrouille de la Maya A-course, together with Catherine Mabillard and Marika Ducret
* 1997:
** 1st, Trophée du Muveran (together with Catherine Mabillard and Marianne Chapuisat)
** 1st, ski marathon (together with Catherine Mabillard), Matterhorn, Zermatt
* 1998:
** 1st and course record, Tour de Matterhorn (together with Catherine Mabillard and Cristina Favre-Moretti)
** 1st, Super-Trophée du Muveran (together with Catherine Mabillard)
* 1999:
** 1st, Alpiniski des Dents-du-Midi (together with Catherine Mabillard)
* 2001:
** 1st, European Championship team race (together with Catherine Mabillard)
* 2009:
** 3rd, Pila Race in the Sky at night (together with Catherine Mabillard)

### Patrouille des Glaciers

* 1998: 1st and course record, together with Catherine Mabillard and Cristina Favre-Moretti
* 2000: 1st, together with Catherine Mabillard and Cristina Favre-Moretti
# Shane Parris

Shane Parris (born 10 November 1990 in Amsterdam) is a Dutch footballer who played for Eerste Divisie club FC Oss during the 2009-2010 football season.
# Sebastian Velcotă

Sebastian Darius Velcotă (born 20 March 1998) is a Romanian professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for CSC Ghiroda.

## Honours
### ACS Poli Timișoara

* Liga II: 2014–15

### CSM Reșița

* Liga III: 2018–19, 2021–22, 2022–23
# Lunasea

Lunasea is an album by saxophonist Lee Konitz and pianist Peggy Stern which was recorded in 1992 and released on the Italian Soul Note label.

## Critical reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
| The Penguin Guide to Jazz Recordings | |
The Allmusic review stated "Konitz and his players perform everything from jams in the Lennie Tristano tradition and Brazilian pieces that are almost pop-oriented to free improvisations. Stern is quite impressive throughout the date. Classically trained, she proves from the start that she has a real talent at improvisation and is not afraid to take chances. Konitz sounds inspired by her presence and their interplay makes this an easily recommended set for adventurous listeners".

## Track listing

All compositions by Peggy Stern except where noted.
* "Subconscious Lee II" (Lee Konitz) – 7:10
* "Femaleon" (Konitz, Stern) – 4:06
* "Bossa Tia" – 5:49
* "The Final Blow" (Konitz, Stern) – 4:31
* "Lunasea" – 5:27
* "Matter of Opinion" – 4:26
* "The Aerie" – 5:46
* "Leeway" – 6:13
* "Stanbye" – 4:20
* "To Peggy" (Vic Juris, Konitz) – 3:25
* "Solo Too" – 1:40
* "Opertune" – 6:00
* "Djuo" (Konitz, Stern) – 4:17
* "S'gone" – 5:52
* "P.S." (Konitz, Stern) – 1:27

## Personnel

* Lee Konitz – alto saxophone
* Peggy Stern – piano
* Vic Juris – guitar
* Harvie Swartz – bass
* Jeff Williams – drums
* Guilherme Franco – percussion
# SAD

The initialism SAD may refer to:

## Disorders

* Schizoaffective disorder, a psychiatric diagnosis
* Social anxiety disorder
* Seasonal affective disorder, typically winter depression
* Separation anxiety disorder

## Organizations
### Political or military

* Shiromani Akali Dal, a political party in India
* Special Activities Division of the US Central Intelligence Agency, now named the Special Activities Center
* Saraya Awliya al-Dam, an Iraqi militia

### Sports clubs

* Sociedad Anónima Deportiva, a type of incorporated sports club in Spain
* Sociedade Anónima Desportiva, a type of incorporated sports club in Portugal

## Science and technology

* Selected area diffraction, a crystallographic experimental technique
* Sum of absolute differences, in digital image processing
* Single-wavelength anomalous dispersion, in X-ray crystallography

## Transportation

* Sandwell & Dudley railway station, with the station code SAD
* Safford Regional Airport, Arizona, US, with the IATA airport code SAD

## Songs

* "S.A.D.", by Man Overboard from Heart Attack (2013)
* "Sad!", by XXXTENTACION (2018)

## Other uses

* SAD scheme, a form of intellectual property enforcement in the United States
* Singles Awareness Day, a humorous holiday every February 14
* The Single Administrative Document, EU customs form
* The Standard American Diet, another name for the Western pattern diet
* The Suicide Attack Database, now named the Database on Suicide Attacks
* Sagittal abdominal diameter, body diameter at the waistline
# Americium(IV) fluoride

Americium(IV) fluoride is the inorganic compound with the formula AmF$_4$. It is a tan solid. In terms of its structure, solid AmF$_4$ features 8-coordinate Am centers interconnected by doubly bridging fluoride ligands.
# John G. Althouse Middle School

John G. Althouse Middle School (JGA) is a middle school located in the Etobicoke area of Toronto, Ontario, near the intersection of Lloyd Manor Road and Princess Margaret Boulevard. Graduates of John G. Althouse mostly go to Martingrove Collegiate Institute, Richview Collegiate Institute, or Etobicoke Collegiate Institute for their secondary education. Historically, graduates have also attended Burnhamthorpe Collegiate Institute.

## History

John G. Althouse Middle School opened on November 4, 1957, to 380 pupils. The school is named after Dr. John G. Althouse, who was the Chief Director of Education for the Province of Ontario from 1944 to 1956.

## Academics
### Gifted program

John G. Althouse has been home to a gifted education program since 1996, when it was transferred to the school from Islington Junior Middle School.

### Music program

John G. Althouse has a music program in which every student is required to play an instrument, either in band or strings. Each February, John G. Althouse students participate in the Kiwanis Music Festival.
The school organizes the Toronto Summer Music Camp, which takes place at either Albion Hills Outdoor Education Centre or Mono Cliffs Outdoor Education Centre.

## Extracurricular Activities
### Instrumental music

John G. Althouse's Stage Band has won the first place provincially as the best middle school jazz band. The band has previously performed in New York City, New Orleans, and Chicago.
The school's Chamber Strings has won first place in the Provincials as best middle school ensemble.

### Vocal music

In 2014, John G. Althouse's Chamber Choir won first prize at the Provincials Competition (Ontario Music Festivals Association) and was invited to the Nationals Competition, a first for any John G. Choir.
The school's Jazz Choir has previously performed in New York, New Orleans, Chicago, The Air Canada Centre (Raptors game) as well as The Rogers Centre (Blue Jays game). In 2014, The Jazz Choir performed on the flight deck of USS Intrepid in New York City. Additionally, The Jazz Choir earned a high score of 94 in the Kiwanis music festival in 2016, the highest mark ever achieved by any elementary jazz ensemble.

## Notable alumni

* The 22nd Prime Minister of Canada, Stephen Harper enrolled at JGA during the mid 1970s; attended the school's 50th Anniversary on May 4, 2008
* Actor Kiefer Sutherland, best known for his portrayal of Jack Bauer on the television series 24
* Tim Bethune, Canadian sprinter who competed in the men's 400 metres at the 1984 Summer Olympics
* Brittany MacLean, Olympian, won a bronze medal in the women's 4 × 200 m freestyle relay at the 2016 Summer Olympics
# What Is Love (En Vogue song)

"What Is Love" was the final single from En Vogue's second album, Funky Divas. The song was not released commercially, but was instead shipped to dance clubs across the United States. "What Is Love" reached the Top 10 of the US dance charts. The song appeared again in 1993 as part of the group's Runaway Love EP. This was the only song En Vogue produced for market featuring Maxine Jones and Cindy Herron sharing lead vocals. It was initially supposed to be included on the EP Remix to Sing as a new song, but missed the production deadline and was added to their subsequent album Funky Divas.

## Critical reception

Larry Flick from Billboard called the song "the only house-minded moment" on Funky Divas, adding that it "has been nicely retouched with a thick'n'chewy underground groove by Mentalinstrum, who is better known as a member of the Smack Productions posse. He has done a fine job of taking the song to interesting new depths, while wisely keeping those nifty vocals front and center at all times." Arion Berger from Entertainment Weekly said the album "has an awkward charm", especially on "What Is Love", "in which they archly recite dictionary definitions of the word." Pop Rescue noted that "parts of this song" reminds "a bit of Deee-Lite’s What Is Love?, pieces of Madonna‘s ‘Vogue’, CeCe Peniston and Kym Sims." They added that "the vocals really belt out here, and at times, it doesn’t sound very much like En Vogue amongst all the spoken word sections, and sampled bits." Cheo H. Coker from Stanford Daily described the song as "a house groove" with "a rather funky, upbeat note", and added that it "will also be a commercial success."

## Charts

| Chart (1993) | Peak position |
| US Dance Club Songs (Billboard) | 6 |
| US Dance Singles Sales (Billboard) with "Runaway love" | 17 |
# Fernanda Villagrán

Fernanda Villagrán Verdaguer (born 12 August 1997) is a Chilean field hockey player.
Villagran has represented Chile at both senior and junior levels, making her debut for both teams in 2016.
In 2016, Villagran represented the Chile national junior team at the 2016 Junior World Cup, scoring two goals in the tournament. Chile finished in 11th place at the tournament.
Villagran was also part of the Chile team at the 2017 Pan American Cup. At the tournament, Chile recorded a historic 4–3 victory over the United States, entering the final for the first time.
Villagran last represented Chile in a 2018 test series against the United States in Lancaster, United States.
# Sonpeth

Sonpeth is a city and a municipal council in Parbhani district in the Indian state of Maharashtra.

## Demographics

As of 2011 India census, Sonpeth has population of 15,765 of which 8,120 are males while 7,645 are females. Female Sex Ratio is of 942 higher than Maharashtra state average of 929. 13.5% of the population is under 6 years of age.
Literacy rate of Sonpeth city is 74.86% lower than state average of 82.34%. In Sonpeth, Male literacy is around 82.45% while female literacy rate is 66.94%.
Schedule Caste (SC) constitutes 12.40% while Schedule Tribe (ST) were 0.64% of total population in Sonpeth.

## Transport

Sonpeth is located 55 km (34 mi) towards west from district headquarters Parbhani.
Parli 22 km (14 mi), Ambajogai 45 km (28 mi) , Beed 79 km (49 mi) , Dharur 55 km (34 mi) , Pathri 33 km (21 mi) , Majalgaon 45 km (28 mi) , Manwath 41 km (25 mi) are the nearby cities to Sonpeth.
Major city chhatrapati sambhajinagar is 171 km (106 mi) and Nanded is 109 km (68 mi) from Sonpeth.

## Governance

Sonpeth comes under Parbhani (Lok Sabha constituency) for Indian general elections and current member of Parliament representing this constituency is Sanjay Haribhau Jadhav of Shiv Sena.
Sonpeth comes under Pathri (Vidhan Sabha constituency) for assembly elections of Maharashtra. Current representative from this constituency in Maharashtra state assembly is Suresh Warpudkar who was Indian National Congress.

## Climate

Climate data for Sonpeth :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 30.0 (86.0) | 32.0 (89.6) | 35.4 (95.7) | 38.5 (101.3) | 40.0 (104.0) | 34.7 (94.5) | 27.8 (82.0) | 27.5 (81.5) | 30.5 (86.9) | 31.6 (88.9) | 30.0 (86.0) | 28.0 (82.4) | 33.7 (92.7) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 11.2 (52.2) | 13.6 (56.5) | 17.0 (62.6) | 22.7 (72.9) | 24.4 (75.9) | 23.5 (74.3) | 22.3 (72.1) | 21.8 (71.2) | 20.4 (68.7) | 18.0 (64.4) | 14.3 (57.7) | 11.0 (51.8) | 20.2 (68.4) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 5.1 (0.20) | 6.0 (0.24) | 9.7 (0.38) | 9.2 (0.36) | 23.4 (0.92) | 145.0 (5.71) | 238.1 (9.37) | 265.9 (10.47) | 184.3 (7.26) | 73.8 (2.91) | 16.1 (0.63) | 10.6 (0.42) | 957.2 (37.69) |
| Source: IMD ||||||||||||||
# Frisa Valtellinese

The Frisa Valtellinese is an Italian breed of domestic goat indigenous to the province of Sondrio, in Lombardy in northern Italy. It is raised throughout the Valtellina – from which its principal name derives – in the Val Malenco and the upper Val Masino in the Rhaetian Alps, and in the Valchiavenna. It may also be called the Frontalasca, for the village of Frontale, a frazione of the comune of Sondalo in the Val di Rezzalo, or the Rezzalasca for that valley. The name Frisa comes from its frisature, or Swiss markings.

## History

The Frisa Valtellinese shares common characteristics and origins with the Swiss Bündner Strahlenziege, or Grisons Striped, breed from the Swiss canton of the Grisons to the north-east, and with similar goats in the canton of Ticino immediately to the north of Sondrio. It also shows phenotypic similarity to the British Alpine breed, but does not share its history. The breed was officially recognised and a herd-book established in 1997.
The Frisa Valtellinese is one of the forty-three autochthonous Italian goat breeds of limited distribution for which a herdbook is kept by the Associazione Nazionale della Pastorizia, the Italian national association of sheep- and goat-breeders. At the end of 2013 the registered population was variously reported as 2810 and as 2432.

## Use

The milk yield per lactation of the Frisa Valtellinese is 271±115 litres for primiparous, 343±183 litres for secondiparous, and 369±180 litres for pluriparous, nannies. The milk averages 3.23% fat and 3.04% protein. The viulìn de càvra de Ciavéna, a goat's meat prosciutto, is made with the meat.
The breed shows promise for vegetation management for the purpose of fire prevention.