OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Helena Shovelton

Dame Helena Shovelton (née Richards; born 28 May 1945) is former Chair of the UK National Association of Citizens Advice Bureaux, former Chair of the UK National Lottery Commission, and former Chief Executive of the British Lung Foundation.

## Controversy

Before resigning from the National Lottery Commission, Shovelton ordered that the then-operator, Camelot, be excluded from bidding for the next seven-year Lottery licence. That decision eased the way for Richard Branson's rival, People's Lottery. However, High Court Justice Richards resurrected Camelot's bid, ruling that the commission's dealings with Camelot had shown "a marked lack of even-handedness". The judge added added that "there is in my judgment no escaping the conclusion that the procedure decided on by the commission was conspicuously unfair to Camelot."

## Personal life

Helena Shovelton is a daughter of Denis Richards, OBE, the official historian of the Royal Air Force. She was educated at the North London Collegiate School and Regent Street Polytechnic; later she gained an MBA from Strathclyde University. She married Patrick Shovelton in 1968; he died in 2012.

## Career

Her public career began with the Citizens' Advice Bureau in Tunbridge Wells. She went on to chair the organisation's national association. She also served as chairman of the Audit Commission, and as a member of the Monopolies and Mergers Commission and the Local Government Commission.
# MS Carolinian

For the first all-welded ship assembled with tack and service bolts, see M/S Fullagar.
The M/S Carolinian was the first entirely-welded motor ship built in the United States, and the world's first welded vessel constructed without perforating the watertight members for assembly. She was completed in March of 1930 in Charleston, South Carolina. Built by Charleston Dry Dock & Machine Company, she was a 226-ton tanker designed for coastal shipping. Miles L. Clark is a known owner, with Texaco as the operator (notice the insignia on her stack prior to launch). The ship took about nine months to complete from the time her keel was laid. As denoted by the prefix M/S, the vessel also had an internal combustion main engine. Welded construction and internal combustion engines are staples in modern shipbuilding, allowing the Carolinian to be one of the first truly modern merchant ships.
Richard F. Smith, the designer, devised the lock notch welded system for which Charleston Dry Dock & Machine was the sole licensee. The design consisted of steel plates with notches that allowed easy fit-up and welding. Only nine workmen were required to assemble the hull. This design saved one-quarter of the cost, and 85,000-lbs of rivets. The welding required a mere 8,000-lbs of welding wire by comparison.
During the shakedown cruise on March 8, she made 11.5 knots heading out to sea, beyond Fort Sumter. The success of the Carolinian's maiden voyage the following month, and two flawless subsequent dry-dock inspections spurred an "estimate" for six orders of similar ships in 1931.
On March 9, 1934, the Carolinian rescued four fishermen from a squall near Elizabeth City, North Carolina, the homeport of this vessel. She was under the command of Captain E. R. Outlaw.
The vessel was later purchased by Pine State By-Products of South Portland, Maine. It was converted into a barge later in its career, and remained in the Register into the early-1980s.
# Sedgwick Monument (West Point)

Sedgwick Monument is a memorial to Union General John Sedgwick at West Point. "Uncle John" Sedgwick was born in Cornwall, Connecticut, 67 miles (108 km) northeast of West Point, New York. Sculpted by Launt Thompson and dedicated in 1868, the monument was erected by officers and soldiers of the 6th Army Corps to commemorate Major General Sedgwick and his death at the Battle of Spotsylvania Court House in 1864. Originally, the monument was located on the northwest edge of the Plain, it was later relocated to its current location at Trophy Point across Washington Road from Battle Monument. Legend holds that if a cadet is deficient in academics, the cadet should go to the monument at midnight the night before the term–end examination, in full dress, under arms, and spin the rowels on the monument's spurs. With the resulting good luck, the cadet will pass the test.
# Robert Pearce (judge)

Robert William Pearce is an Australian judge, who was appointed as a judge of the Supreme Court of Tasmania in June 2013, and is the only member of the Court based in Launceston, Tasmania.

## Background

Pearce graduated Bachelor of Laws from the University of Tasmania in 1981.

## Judicial career

In 2009, Pearce was appointed a Magistrate, of the Magistrates Court of Tasmania.
After his appointment as a judge of the Supreme Court of Tasmania, in 2014, Pearce later presided over the trial of Marco Daniel Rusterholz for the 2012 murders of Angela Hallam and Joshua Newman. Pearce later convicted Rusterholz and sentenced him to 45 years’ imprisonment.
# Cladodromia pollinosa

Cladodromia pollinosa is a species of dance flies, in the fly family Empididae.
# Alpha Ceti

Alpha Ceti (α Ceti, abbreviated Alpha Cet, α Cet), officially named Menkar /ˈmɛŋkɑːr/, is the second-brightest star in the constellation of Cetus. It is a cool luminous red giant estimated to be about 250 light years away based on parallax.

## Nomenclature

Alpha Ceti is the star's Bayer designation. It has the traditional name Menkar, deriving from the Arabic word منخر manħar "nostril" (of Cetus). In 2016, the International Astronomical Union organized a Working Group on Star Names (WGSN) to catalog and standardize proper names for stars. The WGSN's first bulletin of July 2016 included a table of the first two batches of names approved by the WGSN; which included Menkar for this star.
This star, along with γ Cet (Kaffaljidhma), δ Cet, λ Cet (also Menkar), μ Cet, ξ$^1$ Cet and ξ$^2$ Cet were Al Kaff al Jidhmah, "the Part of a Hand".
In Chinese, 天囷 (Tiān Qūn), meaning Circular Celestial Granary, refers to an asterism consisting of α Ceti, κ$^1$ Ceti, λ Ceti, μ Ceti, ξ$^1$ Ceti, ξ$^2$ Ceti, ν Ceti, γ Ceti, δ Ceti, 75 Ceti, 70 Ceti, 63 Ceti and 66 Ceti. Consequently, the Chinese name for α Ceti itself is 天囷一 (Tiān Qūn yī, English: the First Star of Circular Celestial Granary.)

## Characteristics

Despite having the Bayer designation α Ceti, at visual magnitude 2.54 this star is actually not the brightest star in the constellation Cetus. That honor goes instead to Beta Ceti at magnitude 2.04. Menkar is a red giant with a stellar classification of M1.5 IIIa. It has more than twice the mass of the Sun and, as a giant star, has expanded to about 100 times the Sun's radius. The large area of the photosphere means that it is emitting about 1,765 times as much energy as the Sun, even though the effective temperature is only 3,738 K (compared to 5,778 K on the Sun). The relatively low temperature gives Menkar the red hue of an M-type star.
Menkar has evolved from the main sequence after exhausting the hydrogen at its core. It has also exhausted its core helium, becoming an asymptotic giant branch star, and will probably become a highly unstable star like Mira before finally shedding its outer layers and forming a planetary nebula, leaving a relatively large white dwarf remnant. It has been observed to periodically vary in brightness, but only with an amplitude of about one hundredth of a magnitude.

## Namesakes

Menkar (AK-123) was a United States Navy Crater class cargo ship named after the star.
# Alejandro Reyes (squash player)

Alejandro Reyes (born 7 August 1996 in Puebla) is a Mexican professional squash player. As of September 2022, he was ranked number 154 in the world. He has won 2 PSA tournaments.
# Irina Lauric

Irina Lauric (born December 29, 1992, in Rădăuţi) is a Romanian sprint canoeist. Lauric is a member of the canoe and kayak team for ASC Olympia București, and is coached and trained by Iuan Sipos.
Lauric represented Romania at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London, where she competed in the women's K-2 500 metres. Lauric and her partner Iuliana Paleu paddled to an eighth-place finish and sixteenth overall in the B-final by 0.19 seconds, behind the Russian pair Natalia Lobova and Vera Sobetova, posting their time of 1:52.468.
# Italian submarine Nereide (1913)

Nereide was a Nautilus-class submarine in the Italian Royal Navy (Italian: Règia Marina) during World War I. She was built 1911–1913 at the navy yard at Venice and was sunk in 1915 by the Austro-Hungarian submarine U-5 under the command of Georg Ritter von Trapp. Nereide's captain, Carlo del Greco posthumously received the Medaglia d'Oro al Valore Militare for his actions when Nereide was sunk.

## Design and construction

The Italian Nautilus was designed by Curio Bernardis, later a well-known submarine designer. Nereide's hull, like that of her sister ship Nautilus, was shaped similar to a torpedo boat. She was 134 feet 4 inches (40.94 m) long with a beam of 14 feet 1 inch (4.29 m) and a draft of 9 feet 4 inches (2.84 m). She was outfitted with two shafts powered by twin 300 bhp (220 kW) Sulzer diesel engines for surface running at up to 13.2 knots (24.4 km/h), and twin 160 hp (120 kW) Ansaldo electric motors for a maximum of 8 knots (15 km/h) when submerged. Nereide was armed with two 17.7-inch (450 mm) bow torpedo tubes and could carry up to 4 torpedoes. She was designed for a complement of 19–2 officers and 17 sailors.
Nereide was laid down at the Venice Navy Yard on 1 August 1911, and was launched on 12 July 1913. It is not known when Nereide was commissioned, but it was most likely after her completion on 20 December 1913. Little is known about Nereide's service career in the Règia Marina before August 1915.

## Sinking

After Italy's entry into World War I, the country's armed forces occupied the island of Pelagosa in the central Adriatic. After scouting reports from the German submarine UB-14 and from an Austro-Hungarian reconnaissance aircraft reported a French or Italian submarine—which was, in fact, Nereide—at Pelagosa in early August 1915, the Austro-Hungarian Navy dispatched its submarine U-5, under the command of Georg Ritter von Trapp, from nearby Lissa. On the morning of 5 August, Nereide was on the surface, moored under a cliff in the island's harbor.
When U-5 surfaced just offshore, Nereide's commanding officer, Capitano di Corvetta Carlo del Greco, cast off the lines and maneuvered to get a shot at von Trapp's boat. Nereide launched a torpedo at U-5 but missed, after which del Greco ordered his boat down. U-5 lined up a shot and launched a single torpedo at the slowly submerging target, striking her, and sending her to the bottom with all hands. Carlo del Greco received the Medaglia d'Oro al Valore Militare for his actions. Nereide's wreck was located in 1972 at position 42°23′N 16°16′E﻿ / ﻿42.383°N 16.267°E﻿ / 42.383; 16.267﻿ (Italian submarine Nereide).
# Jordan Ashman

Jordan Ashman is a British multi-percussionist born in 2004 in Bury St Edmunds, and is the winner of the BBC Young Musician of the Year award in 2022.

## Early life and education

Jordan Ashman grew up in Cambridge where he attended Impington Village College, from 2015 to 2020.
He is currently attending Royal Birmingham Conservatoire where he is in his second year studying for a performance degree in percussion.

## Prizes, awards and accolades

Ashman won the 2022 BBC Young Musician of the Year Grand Final with his performance of American composer Jennifer Higdon's Percussion Concerto, written in 2005 for Colin Currie.
The 2022 British Open Brass Band Solo Championship saw Jordan win the Youth section and come runner up in the Open section.
Starting in 2014, he played with the National Children's Orchestra of Great Britain. In 2022, he became principal percussionist with the National Youth Brass Band of Great Britain, winning the Sir Harry Mortimer solo prize during the summer course 2022.
During the Covid-19 pandemic, Ashman won the Southwest Brass Band Association's under 18 percussion and open percussion classes, best percussionist in the 2020 Online Salford Solo Contest, the most promising player in the 2020-2021 Southern Percussion International Tuned Competition, the percussion category of the Foden's Online Solo Competition, and the Davison Young Musicians, Patron's Award. On winning the Davison Young Musician’s Patron’s Award Commodore Duncan Lustig-Prean said "I selected Jordan because of the sheer artistry of his performance. His dynamic range was astonishing, showing considerable musicality. He displayed a maturity of interpretation well beyond his years and I look forward to his musical career with great enthusiasm".
Ashman has performed extensively with Youth Brass 2000 who, in 2022 became UK National Youth Champions for the seventh year in a row.
He joined The GUS Band in 2018 aged just 14, and is also a member of Junior Prime Brass, a 10-piece brass ensemble plus percussion, based in Cambridge.
# Mongolicosa songi

Mongolicosa songi is a species of wolf spider found in Xinjiang, China and adjacent areas of Mongolia.
This is a dirty-brown coloured spider up to 7.4 mm in length with few distinguishing markings apart from a faint heart-shaped mark on the abdomen. Its closest known relative is M. gobiensis, from which it can be distinguished only by details of the genitalia.
# Porphyrochroa distincta

Porphyrochroa distincta is a species of dance fly in the family Empididae.
# Shelf

Shelf (pl.: shelves) may refer to:

## Geology

* Continental shelf, the extended perimeter of a continent, usually covered by shallow seas
* Ice shelf, a thick platform of ice floating on the ocean surface

## Places and entities

* Shelf, West Yorkshire, a village in England
* Shelf corporation, a company or corporation that has had no activity
* Shelf (organization), a UK health services organisation

## Other uses

* Light shelf, a reflective element placed outside of a window to enhance room illumination by natural light
* Shelf (computing), a user interface feature in the NeXTSTEP operating system
* "Shelf" (song), a 2008 song by the Jonas Brothers
* Shelf life, the length of time that perishable items are considered suitable for sale or consumption
* Shelf registration, a registration arrangement for the sale of securities
* Sulphur shelf, an edible mushroom
# Irina Lepșa

Irina Lăcrămioara Lepșa (born 6 June 1992) is a Romanian weightlifter.
# HMS Prince Rupert

HMS Prince Rupert was a First World War Royal Navy Lord Clive-class monitor named after Prince Rupert of the Rhine, an important Royalist commander of the English Civil War and key figure in the Restoration navy. Although she is the only ship of the Royal Navy to have ever had this precise name, other ships have been named after Prince Rupert as HMS Rupert. Her 12" main battery was stripped from the obsolete Majestic-class battleships.
The Lord Clive-class monitors were built in 1915 to engage German shore artillery in occupied Belgium during the First World War. Prince Rupert, with her sisters was regularly engaged in this service in the Dover Monitor Squadron, bombarding German positions along the coast and someway inland with their heavy guns.
Following the armistice in November 1918, Prince Rupert and all her sisters were put into reserve pending scrapping, as the reason for their existence had ended with the liberation of Belgium. In 1923 Prince Rupert was scrapped, outliving all her sister ships by two years as she had been briefly attached to the stone frigate HMS Pembroke at Chatham Dockyard.
# MusicfestNW

MusicfestNW (MFNW) was a multi-venue music festival that took place every fall in Portland, Oregon from 2001 to 2018. In 2014 the format of the festival changed to a two-day waterfront music festival. The festival was organized by the alternative weekly Willamette Week. Its sister festival, TechfestNW (TFNW), ran from 2012 to 2021.

## History

In 1995, the creators of the South by Southwest festival partnered with the Willamette Week to create the North by Northwest Music Festival. In 2001, Willamette Week ended their sponsorship of NXNW, and started MusicfestNW in its place.
At its height, MFNW was the third largest indoor music festival in the United States, with more than 150 bands across 18 of Portland's most popular music venues. The main festival stages included the Crystal Ballroom, Roseland Theater and Doug Fir.
In 2009, MFNW was rated by Time as one of 50 Authentic American Experiences of 2009.
# Porphyrochroa manauara

Porphyrochroa manauara is a species of dance fly in the family Empididae.
# Samuel M. Vauclain

Samuel Matthews Vauclain (May 18, 1856 – February 4, 1940) was an American engineer, inventor of the Vauclain compound locomotive, and president of the Baldwin Locomotive Works. He was awarded the John Scott Award and the Elliott Cresson Medal by The Franklin Institute in 1891. He was also awarded the Distinguished Service Medal for arming the United States Army during World War I. He was elected to the American Philosophical Society in 1899.

## Railroads

Vauclain served an apprenticeship in the machine shops of the Pennsylvania Railroad. When he was 24, he was sent to inspect locomotives at the Baldwin Locomotive Works. In those days, machining was a manual job with the machining done by hammers, files and chisels with the men's own hands. Vauclain's hands were left in a permanent clutching position from endless hours of chipping and filing metal. He became general foreman of Baldwin's 17th Street Shops in 1883, and quickly moved up through the company, as plant superintendent in 1886, then general superintendent. He joined the board of directors in 1896, became vice-president in 1911, senior vice-president in 1917, president from 1919 to 1929, and chairman of the board from then until his death. He was awarded the Elliott Cresson Medal by The Franklin Institute in 1891. At the same time, the Franklin Institute selected Vauclain for the John Scott Award funded by the City of Philadelphia.
During World War I, Vauclain helped organize the Munitions Standards Board. He then served as chairman of the special advisory subcommittee on plants and munitions for the War Industries Board. In 1919, he was awarded the Distinguished Service Medal by the War Department.
He helped professor Thomas Garrigue Masaryk legions especially in Russia in 1918.

## Personal life

Samuel Vauclain was born in Port Richmond, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, the son of Andrew Constant Vauclain and Mary Ann Campbell Vauclain. In 1879, he married Annie Kearney; they had six children.
Vauclain was a Republican, and served as a delegate from Pennsylvania's 7th District to the 1920 Republican National Convention, which nominated Warren G. Harding for president.
In 1923, he and several Baldwin officials took a trip around the Middle West in which he gave eight speeches in eight different cities. Vauclain died following a heart attack, in Broadlawn, his home at Rosemont, Pennsylvania.
# Epsom Cluster

The Epsom Cluster, also referred to as the Horton Estate, was a cluster or group of five large psychiatric hospitals situated on land to the west of Epsom.
The hospitals were built by the London County Council to alleviate pressure on London's existing lunatic asylums, which had by this time become overcrowded. The County Council continued to manage them until they were nationalised, becoming part of the National Health Service in 1948.
The cluster comprised:
* Horton Hospital
* Long Grove Hospital
* Manor Hospital
* St Ebba's Hospital
* West Park Hospital
The Horton Light Railway transported building supplies and then coal and provisions to the hospitals in the cluster. The cluster was served by a central cemetery on the corner of Hook Road and Horton Lane until 1955 and a central waterworks and power station until the arrival of mains services.

## Present day

Following changes in the provision of mental health care, including a greater emphasis on care in the community, most of the hospitals' patients were discharged in the 1990s and early 2000s. As of 2011, much of the estate had been redeveloped for housing, including most of The Manor and Horton sites and all of Long Grove. NHS psychiatric units remained operational at St. Ebba's, Horton Haven, West Park and the Manor while redundant areas at West Park and St. Ebba's were undergoing redevelopment.
# Larbi Hosni

Larbi Hosni (born February 11, 1981, in Algiers) is an Algerian footballer. He currently plays as a defender for CA Bordj Bou Arréridj in the Algerian Ligue Professionnelle 2.

## International career

Hosni received his first cap for Algeria in a 2–1 friendly win against Libya on February 7, 2007. Since then, he made 2 more appearances for the team, first as a substitute in a friendly against Argentina (3–4), then as a starter in another friendly against Brazil (0–2).

## Honours

* Won the Algerian Cup once with MC Alger in 2007.
* Won the Algerian Super Cup twice with MC Alger in 2006 and 2007
* Has 3 caps for the Algerian National Team
# Kavanagh Fellowship

The Kavanagh Fellowship is an Irish literary award given by the trustees of the estate of Katherine Kavanagh to an Irish poet in his or her middle years, who must be in need of financial assistance.
€20,000 is awarded annually; a sum that may be divided among multiple poets.

## Winners list

* 2004: Desmond O'Grady
* 2011: Mark Granier.
* 2013: Gearoid Mac Lochlain, Joseph Woods and Enda Wyley
* 2014: Rody Gorman, Michelle O'Sullivan, Paul Perry.
* 2016: Nell Regan
* 2017: Jean O'Brien
* 2018: Catherine Ann Cullen, Noel Duffy
* 2023: Afric McGlinchey, Judith Mok, David McLoghlin, Noel King
# Oxyopes lineatus

Oxyopes lineatus is a species of spider in the family Oxyopidae, the so-called lynx spiders.
They are ambush hunting spiders and do not trap their prey in webs, but subdue their victims with their venomous fangs (chelicerae). They are harmless to humans and larger animals and are not aggressive.

## Description

The body colour of Oxyopes lineatus is yellowish to light-brown with a pattern of white markings. Like most spiders the species is sexually dimorphic, the males being distinctly smaller than the females. The body length of the adult male is about 4–5 mm, while that of the female is 6–8 mm. They have eight eyes in total, a pair of two large eyes in front and below them a smaller pair. One pair of medium-sized eyes are high up on the side of the head and another pair of large eyes looks above and backward. This combination of eyes gives these spiders an almost 360$^o$ view. As in the Oxyopidae in general, there are long spines on their legs in a basket-like arrangement that assists in confining prey during capture.

## Behaviour

Oxyopes lineatus is largely an ambush hunting spider and preys on insects and other small animals. They do not use webs for trapping their prey. Their eyesight is not as good as that of the jumping spiders, but they can locate their prey from a distance of up to 10 cm. Their long legs are very good for running extremely fast, and they jump on their prey like a cat, though where prey is plentiful, such as when insects are actively visiting flowers, these spiders commonly settle down to wait. Using their venom injected through their fangs, they paralyse their prey and eat them. They are active during the day-time, particularly in the sunshine, running and jumping over leaves and grasses.
The venom of Oxyopes lineatus contains peptide toxins called oxotoxins (OxyTx1 and OxyTx2), which were discovered in 2008.

## Subspecies

Two sub-species are recognised:
* Oxyopes lineatus lineatus Latreille, 1806
* Oxyopes lineatus occidentalis Kulczynski, 1907 (Italian mainland)

## Distribution and habitat

Oxyopes lineatus is primarily a European spider and has been reported from Europe (Portugal, Spain, France, Italy, Slovenia, Belgium, Czechoslovakia, Switzerland, Romania, Ukraine, and southern Russia), Turkey, the Near East, the Caucasus and Central Asia.
They are found most often on small plants near the ground, particularly in bushes and grasses.
# Porphyrochroa dactiliodes

Porphyrochroa dactiliodes is a species of dance fly in the family Empididae.