OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# List of ambassadors of China to Greece

The Ambassador of China to Greece is the official representative of the People's Republic of China to Greece.

## List of representatives
### Republic of China

| Name (English) | Name (Chinese) | Tenure begins | Tenure ends | Note |
| Wen Yuan-ning | 温源宁 | 25 June 1947 | 30 July 1968 | |
| Han Lih-wu | 杭立武 | 30 July 1968 | 16 July 1972 | |

### People's Republic of China

| Name (English) | Name (Chinese) | Tenure begins | Tenure ends |
| Shen Zhiwei | 申志伟 | November 1972 | March 1973 |
| Zhou Boping | 周伯萍 | March 1973 | 9 June 1975 |
| He Yang | 何扬 | September 1975 | June 1980 |
| Yang Gongsu | 杨公素 | September 1980 | 10 August 1982 |
| Zhuang Yan | 庄焰 | May 1983 | May 1985 |
| Chang Hongsheng | 唱鸿声 | August 1985 | June 1988 |
| Zhu Youwan | 祝幼琬 | August 1988 | August 1992 |
| Wu Jiagan | 吴家淦 | September 1992 | February 1996 |
| Yang Guangsheng | 杨广胜 | April 1996 | February 2000 |
| Zhen Jianguo | 甄建国 | February 2000 | July 2002 |
| Tang Zhenqi | 唐振琪 | July 2002 | December 2004 |
| Tian Xuejun | 田学军 | December 2004 | October 2007 |
| Luo Linquan | 罗林泉 | November 2007 | 20 July 2011 |
| Du Qiwen | 杜起文 | August 2011 | January 2014 |
| Zou Xiaoli | 邹肖力 | January 2014 | 20 June 2018 |
| Zhang Qiyue | 章启月 | August 2018 | April 2021 |
| Xiao Junzheng | 肖军正 | September 2021 | |
# List of ambassadors of China to Guinea-Bissau

The Ambassador of China to Guinea-Bissau is the official representative of the People's Republic of China to Guinea-Bissau.

## List of representatives

| Name (English) | Name (Chinese) | Tenure begins | Tenure ends | Note |
| Qian Qichen | 钱其琛 | September 1974 | October 1975 | |
| Li Zhenhai | 李振海 | March 1975 | February 1976 | Chargé d'affaires |
| Jia Huaiji [zh] | 贾怀济 | February 1976 | November 1979 | |
| Liu Yingxian [zh] | 刘英仙 | March 1980 | November 1983 | |
| Hu Jingrui [zh] | 胡景瑞 | January 1984 | May 1987 | |
| Shi Wushan [zh] | 石午山 | December 1987 | June 1990 | |
| Hong Hong [zh] | 洪虹 | May 1998 | July 1999 | Chargé d'affaires |
| Hong Hong [zh] | 洪虹 | July 1999 | August 2001 | |
| Gao Kexiang | 高克祥 | September 2001 | December 2003 | |
| Tian Guangfeng [zh] | 田广凤 | January 2004 | February 2007 | |
| Yan Banghua [zh] | 严邦华 | February 2007 | October 2010 | |
| Li Baojun [zh] | 李宝钧 | October 2010 | July 2013 | |
| Wang Hua [zh] | 王华 | July 2013 | March 2017 | |
| Jin Hongjun [zh] | 金红军 | April 2017 | August 2020 | |
| Guo Ce [zh] | 郭策 | October 2020 | | |
# List of ambassadors of China to Italy

The Ambassador of China to Italy is the official representative of the People's Republic of China to Italy.

## List of representatives

| Name (English) | Name (Chinese) | Tenure begins | Tenure ends |
| Shen Ping | 沈平 | April 1971 | 26 June 1974 |
| Han Kehua | 韩克华 | September 1974 | 17 June 1977 |
| Wang Guoquan | 王国权 | September 1977 | 27 August 1978 |
| Zhang Yue | 张越 | February 1979 | 6 October 1982 |
| Lin Zhong | 林中 | March 1983 | January 1986 |
| Du Gong | 杜攻 | March 1986 | January 1990 |
| Li Baocheng | 李宝城 | February 1990 | June 1994 |
| Chen Baoshun | 陈宝顺 | 29 December 1993 | May 1994 |
| Wu Minglian | 吴明廉 | July 1994 | April 1999 |
| Cheng Wendong | 程文栋 | May 1999 | March 2005 |
| Dong Jinyi | 董津义 | March 2005 | February 2008 |
| Sun Yuxi | 孙玉玺 | March 2008 | March 2010 |
| Ding Wei | 丁伟 | April 2010 | 17 July 2013 |
| Li Ruiyu | 李瑞宇 | December 2013 | May 2019 |
| Li Junhua | 李军华 | May 2019 | |
# FrogWatch

A FrogWatch is any of several citizen science programs in which laypeople monitor amphibians. In a FrogWatch, people make recordings of frogs and other animals that live near them and send the recordings to databases for scientists and other people to hear and study.
Not all FrogWatch programs are run by the same people. The Association of Zoos and Aquariums runs FrogWatch USA, Nature Canada runs FrogWatch Canada, the India Biodiversity Portal runs the FrogWatch in India, and other organizations run FrogWatches in other countries.
The National Geographic Society developed the program that FrogWatch USA volunteers use to add information and that FrogWatch uses to study it. Volunteers record temperature with thermometers and listen for sounds made by specific types of frogs and toads. FrogWatch USA volunteers record frog habitats for three and a half minutes, starting one half-hour (30 minutes) after the sun goes down.
In 2006, the National Wildlife Federation assessed the utility of FrogWatch USA for the U.S. Geological Survey and published its findings. It recommended continued funding based on "scientific value alone," though it also acknowledged its value as an educational tool and its ability to render research more cost-efficient.
Scientists have used FrogWatch to study the way frogs and toads change the places they live, which types of frogs are becoming more numerous and which are becoming less numerous, species diversity, the way species react to changes in temperature, and the way they act during different parts of the year.

## History

The United States Geological Survey started FrogWatch USA in 1998, but the National Wildlife Federation took over in 2002.
Between 1998 and 2005, 1,395 people working with FrogWatch USA visited 1,942 places where frogs live and gave information to FrogWatch. They found 79 different kinds of frogs and toads. This does not count visits, places, or species for FrogWatch Canada or FrogWatches in other countries.
FrogWatch NT operates in northern Australia. It began in 1991 after cane toads came to Australia and became a problematic invasive species.
# Henry Pancoast

Henry Khunrath Pancoast (February 26, 1875 – May 20, 1939) was an American radiologist. He identified contrast media for use in radiology studies, and served prominent roles in early radiological professional organizations. Pancoast tumors, a type of lung tumour, are named after him.
Pancoast was born in Philadelphia to prominent Quaker parents; his father, Seth Pancoast, was also a doctor. He was educated at Friends’ Central School and went on to the University of Pennsylvania (Penn) Medical School, graduating in 1898.

## Professional life

His first medical job was at the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania (HUP), starting surgical training there in 1900. When the hospital's first chief skiagrapher (radiologist), Charles Lester Leonard, retired, Pancoast succeeded him and served as the chairman of the department from 1902 to 1939. In 1911, he was also appointed professor of radiology (roentgenology), the first in the United States. Following his retirement, Pancoast was succeeded by Eugene P. Pendergrass.
In his work at Penn, Pancoast developed the use of bismuth and barium as contrast media to better differentiate certain anatomy in x-ray images. He also recognized and described the effect of prolonged radiation on the development of leukemia. In his tenure at Penn, he also pioneered the use of radiation to treat leukemia and Hodgkin's disease, though he is perhaps best known for his identification and description of a particular lung tumor that now bears his name—Pancoast tumor.
In addition to his hospital and academic work, Pancoast was active in outside professional organizations. He served as founding president of the American Board of Radiology, and in 1933 was also president of the first American Congress of Radiology, which met in Chicago in September of that year, coincident with the Chicago World's Fair.
He also traveled to numerous gatherings of medical faculty and staff, to describe the use and value of diagnostic x-rays and to explain irradiation procedures to treat malignancies.

## Personal life

Pancoast married Clara Louise Boggs in Brown Memorial Presbyterian Church, Baltimore, Maryland, in 1903.
Henry Pancoast died in Merion, Pennsylvania in 1939.
# Karamshi Jethabhai Somaiya

Karamshi Jethabhai Somaiya (16 May 1902 - 9 May 1999) was an Indian educationist who founded educational institutes in Maharashtra state in India. He was awarded the Padma Bhushan for his service to society in 2000. The Somaiya Vidyavihar educational campus in Mumbai and several colleges in this campus are named after him. He was also an industrialist and founder of Somaiya Group of industries.

## Early life and education

Karamshi Jethabhai Somaiya, born on 16 May 1902 in the remote village of malunja in shrirampur taluka Ahmednagar district of Bombay Presidency, British India. Karamshi, after completing school at the New High School in Mumbai (now the Bharda New High School) went back to his hometown in Ahmednagar. Karamshi Somaiya engaged in looking after his father's small grocery business, would travel from village to village selling groceries and booking orders.

## Business career

In the 1939 Karamshi Jethabhai Somaiya launched 2 sugar factories – in Sakarwadi and in Lakshmiwadi to mark the launch of his own sugar business. He soon came to be known as the Sugar King of India. Karamshi became a partner in a leading sugar trading firm of Shobachand Ramnarayan Khatod of Shrirampur in Ahmednagar district. The Deccan canals were commissioned by the Government of India. He was the President of the Deccan Sugar Factories Association, the President of the Deccan Sugar Technologists Association.

## Works in education, medical, agriculture

Karamshi Jethabhai Somaiya bought a large area of land at Ghatkopar. Karamshibhai laid the foundation for Somaiya Vidyavihar in 1959. In close to four and a half decades it has grown into a large educational complex with 34 institutions catering to diverse fields of education such as Humanities, Engineering, Education, Medicine, Management and Mass Communication, with more than 23,000 students and 1,500 teaching faculty on a 65-acre campus. Karamshi Jethabhai Somaiya established the Girivanavasi Pragati Mandal in 1974 in the tribal area of Dahanu, in Thane District, 110 km from Mumbai. Mandal associated well known surgeons and physicians with the annual eye-cum-medical camps. The Mandal established a training centre and experimental farm for agriculture extension work. Karamshi founded a residential school to cater to the educational needs of children of the migrant tribal population providing free quality instruction. He also built a 40-bed hospital with a resident doctor facility to cater to their health needs.
# Adult Children

Adult Children (Russian: Взрослые дети, romanized: Vzroslye deti) is a 1961 Soviet teen comedy-drama film directed by Villen Azarov.

## Plot

Anatoly Kuzmich Korolev (played by Alexey Gribov) retires and, together with his wife, Tatyana Ivanovna (Zoya Fyodorova), begins planning how to spend their newfound free time. Unexpectedly, their daughter, Lyudmila (Lilliana Alyoshnikova), brings home her husband, Igor (Alexander Demyanenko), without warning. When asked how they plan to live, the young couple initially say they will rent a room on the outskirts of Moscow. However, they eventually agree to stay in Lyudmila’s childhood home, sharing the space with her parents.
As they settle in, the newlyweds move a painting—purchased by Anatoly and Tatyana 28 years ago for New Year’s Eve 1930—from their room into the parents' room.
Lyudmila and Igor are both architects, and Igor is tasked with leading a team designing a new residential district. The younger generation frequently gathers at the Korolevs’ home, discussing their aspirations, challenges, and the possibilities of the upcoming construction project.
In due course, the young couple welcomes a baby and decide to raise the child at home instead of sending them to daycare.

## Cast

* Aleksey Gribov as Anatoly Kuzmich Korolyov
* Zoya Fyodorova as Tatyana Ivanova
* Liliya Aleshnikova as Lysusya
* Aleksandr Demyanenko as Igor
* Vsevolod Sanaev as Vasili Vasilyevich
* Andrey Tutyshkin as Boris Vladimirovich
* Gennadiy Bortnikov
# Kamil Mishara

Kamil Mishara (born 24 April 2001) is a Sri Lankan cricketer. He made his international debut for the Sri Lanka cricket team in February 2022. During the year 2019, dynamic and talented Kamil Mishara named and awarded as School boy cricketer of the year. He became the fourth Royal College student to win this title. Sri Lanka youth cap and Royal College left-handed opening batsman Kamil made the highest individual score of the school cricket season 2019 when he thumped a career best 250 off 270 balls (32 fours, 5 sixes) against Ananda College in their Singer Trophy Under 19 match played during the year 2019.

## Career

He made his Twenty20 debut for Nondescripts Cricket Club in the 2018–19 SLC Twenty20 Tournament on 19 February 2019. In January 2020, he was named in Sri Lanka's squad for the 2020 Under-19 Cricket World Cup. He made his List A debut on 24 March 2021, for Nondescripts Cricket Club in the 2020–21 Major Clubs Limited Over Tournament.
In August 2021, he was named in the SLC Greens team for the 2021 SLC Invitational T20 League tournament. In November 2021, he was selected to play for the Kandy Warriors following the players' draft for the 2021 Lanka Premier League. Later the same month, he was named in Sri Lanka's Test squad for their series against the West Indies. In January 2022, he was named in Sri Lanka's Twenty20 International (T20I) squad for their series against Australia. He made his T20I debut on 20 February 2022, for Sri Lanka against Australia.
In April 2022, he was named in Sri Lanka's Test squad for their series against Bangladesh.
# Hypochloremia

Hypochloremia (or Hypochloraemia) is an electrolyte disturbance in which there is an abnormally low level of the chloride ion in the blood. The normal serum range for chloride is 97 to 107 mEq/L.
It rarely occurs in the absence of other abnormalities. It is sometimes associated with hypoventilation. It can be associated with chronic respiratory acidosis. If it occurs together with metabolic alkalosis (decreased blood acidity) it is often due to vomiting. It is usually the result of hyponatremia or elevated bicarbonate concentration. It occurs in cystic fibrosis.
# Linx Ice Arena

Linx Ice Arena is an indoor ice rink located in Aberdeen, Scotland. It is situated adjacent to the Beach Leisure Centre.

## History

Plans for an ice rink at the beach were approved on 4 December 1986, and again on 20 March 1989. It was constructed on an early 20th century landfill. The Linx Ice Arena opened on 1 February 1992.
The Arena underwent refurbishment in 2017.
# Philadelphia Newspapers v. Hepps

Philadelphia Newspapers v. Hepps, 475 U.S. 767 (1986), is a United States Supreme Court case decided April 21, 1986.

## Facts and prior history

Maurice S. Hepps was the principal stockholder of a corporation that had a chain of stores selling beer, soft drinks, and snacks. The Philadelphia Inquirer published a series of articles on Hepps being linked to organized crime and using some of those links to influence the State’s governmental processes. They accused Hepps of being linked to organized crime and capitalizing on that connection to influence the state legislature through articles that were published in the Philadelphia newspaper The Inquirer, owned by Philadelphia Newspapers, Inc. Hepps brought a defamation suit into a Pennsylvania state court against Philadelphia Newspapers Inc. and the authors of the articles.
The Pennsylvania statute gave The Philadelphia Newspaper Inc. the burden of proof on the question of truth or falsity. The jury ruled in favor of the Philadelphia Newspaper Inc. The case was remanded for a new trial.
The Pennsylvania Supreme Court favored Hepps, holding that the newspaper was obligated to prove its accusations true.

## Decision
### Majority

On Monday, April 21, 1986 the United States Supreme Court overruled the state court in a 5–4 decision written by Sandra Day O'Connor. They held that libel plaintiffs must shoulder the burden of proving falsity, when the article in question relates to public concern.
The newspaper published an article of public concern about a private figure; the private figure cannot recover damages without showing the statements are false. This court case dealt with the issues of the first amendment, libel, and defamation.

### Concurrence

Justice Brennan wrote a short concurrence in which Justice Blackmun joined. He notes his belief that where "allegedly defamatory speech is of public concern" that the First Amendment requires a plaintiff (be it a public official, public figure, or private individual) prove the statements to be false. He writes to note his adherence to his view that a distinction based on whether or not the defendant is part of the media is not reconcilable with a First Amendment principle that states that "the inherent worth of speech in terms of its capacity for informing the public is not dependent on the identity of the source".

### Dissent

Justice Stevens wrote a dissent in which Chief Justice Burger and Justices White and Rehnquist joined. He starts out by stating that the majority decision will only make a difference in cases in which a private individual can prove he was libeled by a defendant who was at least negligent. He writes that as long as publishers are protected by having the burden of proof be on the plaintiff, there is little basis for a concern that a large amount of true speech is deterred unless a private person who is the victim of malicious libel can prove falsity.
# Caribe.Net

Caribe.Net, also known as Critical Hub Networks, is a telecommunications company that provides broadband internet access, data center and telephone services in Puerto Rico. The company is headquartered in San Juan. On April 26, 2010 the company received a $25.7 million federal award from the National Telecommunications and Information Administration for the Puerto Rico Bridge Initiative.

## History

Caribe.Net was founded in 1994 and was the first internet service provider in Puerto Rico.
In 1999, Caribe.Net was acquired by PSINet, the largest independent facilities-based ISP in the world. In 2001, the company was acquired back by the original shareholders. Caribe.Net was also co-founder of the Internet Society of Puerto Rico and Network Access Point (NAP) of the Caribbean. In 2007, Caribe.Net teamed up with Voz to offer Enterprise-Level Telephone Services VoIP over Caribe.Net's Internet services.
In 2010, Critical Hub Networks Inc. received a $25.7 million ARRA grant through the U.S. Department of Commerce to bridge the technological divide, boost economic growth, create jobs, and improve education and health care through the improvement of broadband internet services in Puerto Rico. The project awarded is the Puerto Rico Bridge Initiative.
On February 22, 2011, Critical Hub Networks officially inaugurated the Puerto Rico Bridge Initiative, which established the PRBI Internet Exchange Point (IXP) in San Juan, Puerto Rico. Congressman Pedro Pierluisi participated in the inauguration event.
# Takumi Ohshiro

Takumi Ohshiro (大城 卓三, Ohshiro Takumi, born February 11, 1993) is a Japanese professional baseball catcher and infielder for the Yomiuri Giants in Japan's Nippon Professional Baseball.

## Career

On November 16, 2018, he was selected for the Yomiuri Giants roster at the 2018 MLB Japan All-Star Series exhibition game against MLB All-Stars.
On June 3, 2020, it was announced that Ohshiro and Giants teammate Hayato Sakamoto both tested positive for COVID-19.
# Hamdi Adus Isaac

Hamdi Adus Isaac (also Hussain Osman or Osman Hussain) (born 27 July 1978) is an Islamic terrorist who was found guilty of having placed an explosive at the Shepherd's Bush tube station during the failed 21 July 2005 London bombings. Born in Ethiopia, Hussain is a naturalised British citizen married to Yeshshiemebet Girma.
On 29 July 2005, he was arrested during a 40-officer raid at his brother-in-law's apartment in Rome, after mobile phone calls led police to believe he was hiding there. He was later extradited to the UK in September under a European Arrest Warrant and charged with attempted murder. He stood trial along with five other suspects.

## Background

Former CSIS operative Huda Mukbil discusses in her book that Isaac spoke Arabic and Harari language.

## Claimed objectives

During the initial investigation in Rome, Hussain said he was motivated to participate in the attacks after viewing videos of war-torn Iraq. "I am against war," Osman said. "I've marched in peace rallies and nobody listened to me. I never thought of killing people." He explained that the bombs were never meant to detonate or kill anybody, only to draw attention to the Iraq war.
Hussain was alleged to have stated: "More than praying we discussed work, politics, the war in Iraq ... we always had new films of the war in Iraq ... more than anything else those in which you could see Iraqi women and children who had been killed by US and UK soldiers."
Other news sources reported that the bombers watched videos of British and American troops killing women and children in Iraq before embarking on their mission. Some quoted him as saying "Muktar showed us some DVDs with images of the war in Iraq, especially women and children killed by American and British soldiers," Hussain said, adding that they were not to talk about these videos with others.
"There was a feeling of hatred and conviction that it was necessary to give signal — to do something." Hussain denied links with either the Al-Qaeda or the 7 July bombers. He claimed there was no bomb in his rucksack, just ordinary flour and a detonator meant to make the loud popping sound that was heard.

## Trial and sentence

On 9 July 2007, Hussain Osman was found guilty at Woolwich Crown Court of conspiracy to murder and sentenced to a minimum of 40 years in prison.

## Appeal

In April 2008, the Court of Appeal judges dismissed a challenge by Ibrahim, Omar, Mohammed and Osman to their convictions.
In December 2014, the European Court of Human Rights rejected an appeal lodged in 2008 by Ibrahim, Omar and Mohammed claiming that their rights were breached in the 'safety interviews' after their arrests.
# National Bike Month

National Bike Month is a celebration of cycling held every May in the United States. It is sponsored by the League of American Bicyclists and celebrated in communities from coast-to-coast. Established in 1956, National Bike Month is a chance to showcase the many benefits of bicycling and to encourage more folks to giving bicycling a try.
As part of National Bike Month, National Bike to Work Week is usually held the third week of May, with Bike to Work Day being on that Friday.
# Holy Family with a Shepherd

Holy Family with a Shepherd is an oil on canvas painting by Titian, from c. 1510. It is held in the National Gallery, in London. It has also previously been attributed to Anthony van Dyck, who produced a drawing copying it. After passing through other private collections, it was bequeathed to the National Gallery by William Holwell Carr in 1831.

## Description

In an idyllic country landscape, the Holy Family is seated in repose, and it offers the Child Jesus to the adoration of a young shepherd, placed with his back to them and with his head seen in profile to the right. Titian depicts the kneeling Virgin Mary holding the infant Jesus in a manger, where he is lying, and holds him over it. St. Joseph holds Jesus' feet in his right hand, presenting his son to the kneeling shepherd. In the background, on the right, is depicted, with the appearance of an angel, the scene of the announcement to the shepherds and, behind the Virgin Mary, are shown the ox and donkey of the nativity. For this reason, despite the traditional title, the most fitting subject is that it is part of the Adoration of the Shepherds.
The figures lack anatomical accuracy. St. Joseph's head is large in relation to his body, and the base of his head is unnatural. The Virgin's head is small, and her body, covered by the drapery, is almost invisible. These details show that Titian was not yet trained in the human figure, and suggest that this is one of his earliest works.
The painting shows the influence of Giovanni Bellini, but its meditative style and atmospheric landscape are more closely associated with Giorgione, especially the dark bank at the left with its silhouettes of shrubs and weeds against the dawn sky, a setting often used by him. The style of the figures and the drapery is more monumental and daring than in Giorgione's work.