# Timeline of Erfurt

The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Erfurt, Germany.

## Prior to 19th century

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* 741 - Roman Catholic Diocese of Erfurt established.
* 755 - Catholic diocese absorbed into that of Mainz.
* 805 - Market rights granted by Charlemagne.
* 932 - Religious Synod of Erfurt held.
* 1060 - Benedictine Peterskloster [de] (monastery) first recorded mention.
* 1094 - Old Synagogue construction begins
* 1109 - Landgrave of Thuringia in power.
* 1255 - Municipal rights granted by bishop Gerhard I. von Dhaun [de].
* 1277 - Building of St. Augustine's Monastery begun.
* 1290 - Rebuilt St. Mary's Cathedral consecrated.
* 1325 - Stone Merchant's Bridge built.
* 1349 - 21 March: Pogrom against Jews.
* 1392 - University of Erfurt opens.
* 1472 - Fire.
* 1480 - Building of Cyriaksburg Citadel begun.
* 1483 - Saxons in power per Treaty of Amorbach.
* 1494 - Printing press in operation.
* 1521 - Protestant reformation.
* 1664 - Erfurt becomes part of the Electorate of Mainz.
* 1665 - Foundation stone for Petersberg Citadel laid on 1 June 1665.
* 1754 - Akademie gemeinnütziger Wissenschaften zu Erfurt [de] (learned society) formed.

## 19th century

* 1802 - Erfurt becomes part of Prussia.
* 1806 - 16 October: Prussian forces capitulate to French at Erfurt during the War of the Fourth Coalition.
* 1807 - Principality of Erfurt of the French Empire established.
* 1808 - International Congress of Erfurt held in the Kaisersaal [de] and other venues from 27 September to 14 October 1808 .
* 1816 - University of Erfurt closes.
* 1840 - Kleine Synagoge (Erfurt) [de] (synagogue) built.
* 1847 - Erfurt Hauptbahnhof (train station) opens.
* 1850 - Erfurt Union of German states created.
* 1862 - Königlich Preußische Gewehrfabrik Erfurt [de] (manufactory) established.
* 1863 - Verein für die Geschichte und Altertumskunde von Erfurt [de] (history society) founded.
* 1865 - Stadtarchiv Erfurt [de] (city archives) established.
* 1869 - Nordhausen–Erfurt railway begins operating.
* 1875 - Rathaus (Erfurt) [de] (town hall) built.
* 1878 - Topf and Sons founded as an engineering firm. It later made crematoria for Nazi concentration camps.
* 1878 - the Andreasstrasse Prison opened.
* 1880 - Population: 53,254.
* 1884 - Große Synagoge (Erfurt) [de] (synagogue) built.
* 1889 - Martin Luther monument (Erfurt) [de] erected on the Anger [de].
* 1891 - Meeting of the Social Democratic Party of Germany held in city; "Erfurt Program" adopted.
* 1895 - Population: 78,174.

## 20th century

* 1909 - Gutenbergschule (school) opens.
* 1911 - Ilversgehofen [de] becomes part of Erfurt.
* 1919 - Population: 129,646.
* 1937 - Population: 152,651.
* 1938 - Hochheim and Melchendorf [de] become part of Erfurt.
* 1940 - Bombing of Erfurt in World War II [de] started.
* 1945
** April: United States forces take city.
** July: City becomes part of the Soviet Occupation zone of Germany.
* 1949 - City becomes part of the German Democratic Republic.
* 1945 - Thüringische Landeszeitung (newspaper) begins publication.
* 1950
** Bindersleben [de], Bischleben-Stedten, Dittelstedt, Gispersleben, Marbach, Möbisburg-Rhoda, and Schmira become part of Erfurt.
** City becomes capital of the Kreis Erfurt-Land [de] (district).
* 1952 - Neue Synagoge (Erfurt) [de] (synagogue) built.
* 1958 - Thüringer Zoopark Erfurt [de] founded.
* 1960 - Heimattreue Erfurter [de] association of Erfurters who moved to West Germany founded.
* 1971 - Population: 198,265.
* 1974 - Stadtmuseum Erfurt [de] opens in the Haus zum Stockfisch [de].
* 1989 - Demonstrations against the GDR government, and citizens' occupation of the Stasi district headquarters and Stasi prison in Andreasstrasse.
* 1990
** City becomes capital of state of Thuringia in the reunited nation of Germany.
** Manfred Ruge [de] becomes mayor.
** Thüringer Allgemeine newspaper in publication.
* 1993 - University of Erfurt reestablished.
* 1994
** Alach [de], Azmannsdorf [de], Büßleben, Egstedt, Ermstedt, Frienstedt, Gottstedt, Hochstedt, Kerspleben, Kühnhausen, Linderbach, Mittelhausen, Molsdorf, Niedernissa, Rohda, Salomonsborn, Schaderode, Schwerborn, Stotternheim, Tiefthal, Töttelstädt, Töttleben, Urbich, Vieselbach, Wallichen, Waltersleben, and Windischholzhausen become part of Erfurt.
** Roman Catholic Diocese of Erfurt reestablished.
* 1995 - Naturkundemuseum Erfurt (museum) built.
* 1997 - Erfurt Stadtbahn (tram) begins operating.

## 21st century

* 2001 - April: Topf and Sons squat begins.
* 2002 - 26 April: Erfurt school massacre occurs.
* 2006 - Andreas Bausewein becomes mayor.
* 2007 - Erfurter Bahn (railway) begins operating.
* 2010 - Population: 204,994.