OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Oru Murai Vanthu Parthaya (film)

Oru Murai Vanthu Parthaya is a 2016 Indian Malayalam black comedy horror drama film directed by Sajan K Mathew. The film stars Unni Mukundan, Sanusha, and Prayaga Martin in lead roles. It narrates the story of a spirit (Prayaga) entering a youngster's (Mukundan) life to avenge her death. The film is produced by Siyad Koker through Kokers Films. It was released on 27 May 2016. The title of the film is derived from a song in the film, Manichitrathazhu.

## Plot

Prakashan is an electrician who is a compassionate wrestler in Mallapuram village. Hailing from a family that follows tradition and superstitions, his mother, Sushila, often consults with an astrologer, Manoj, about Prakashan's marriage. Manoj knows about Prakashan's interest in Ashwathy. Manoj's friends, Kochukuttan, Kuriachan, Sankunni, and Shivan, help Prakashan in this matter.
The village's wrestling champion, Kunjachan, challenges Prakashan to fight. He happens to meet Parvathy while returning home. She pleads with him for a place to stay that night since her relatives are not available. Prakashan brings Parvathy to his house. His mother started treating Parvathy as her "daughter-in-law" though Prakashan narrated the truth. As days pass, he falls in love with her. Eventually, Prakashan defeats the wrestling champion, Kunjachan. While proposing his love to her, Prakashan is shocked to know that Parvathy is a ghost, and his friends also confirm the same.
Palani Ashan, a renowned tantric expert found that Prakashan and Parvathy were lovers in the past life. His past life father (who is Manoj's friend Shivan in this life) killed her through his aide. She tries to exact revenge on the people who killed her.
After that, Parvathy insists Prakashan to marry Aswathy. Prakashan and Aswathy get married. Parvathy forgives her killer and leaves without completing her revenge.

## Cast

* Unni Mukundan as Prakashan
* Sanusha as Ashwathy
* Prayaga Martin as Parvathy
* Sadiq as Shivan
* Bindu Panikker as Susheelamma
* Prasanth Alexander as Kuriachan
* Aju Varghese as Manoj
* Narayanankutty as Kunjammavan
* Sudhi Koppa as Kochukuttan
* Suraj Venjaramoodu as Ghost hunter Suni
* Abraham Koshy as Ashwathy's father
* Kochu Preman
* Seema G. Nair as Ashwathy's mother
* Bijukuttan as Sankunni
* Balaji Sharma as Kunjachan
* Jayaprakash Kuloor as Palani Ashan
* Sabumon Abdusamad as Sukumaran
* Resmi Anil as Prasanna
* Tini Tom
* Disney James as S.I. Benjamin G.V.

## Music

| No. | Title | Lyrics | Singers |
| 1 | "Muzhuthinkal Vannilthanka" | K. R. Narayanan | Vineeth Sreenivasan |
| 2 | "Arikil Pathiye" | Abhilash Sreedharan | Najim Arshad, Sangeetha Sreekanth |
| 3 | "Ariyathe" | K. R. Narayanan | Cicily |

## Box office

The film was a hit at the box office collecting eight crores and completed 50 days in its theatrical run. The film grossed 1.27cr in its opening weekend.
# Crinisus (river)

Crimisus or Crinisus is an ancient Greek river name in Sicily. The name was derived from Crinisus and it corresponds either to the modern Freddo or Caltabellota on northwest Sicily. It is formed by two rivers that meet at about 8 kilometres (5 mi) from Castellammare del Golfo in the province of Trapani. The western river starts from Monte Busecchio near Calatafimi and the eastern river from the Gola di Sorice near Alcamo. The two rivers are also traditionally called the "hot river" (western) and the "cold river" (eastern) and in Italian language the Crinisus is called Fiume Freddo that means cold river.
The Battle of the Crimissus, fought at a crossing of this river, was an important turning point in the ancient world between Carthage and the Greek City State of Syracuse in 339 BC.
# Erastus C. Knight

Erastus Cole Knight (March 1, 1857 in Buffalo, Erie County, New York – September 3, 1923 in New York City) was an American businessman and politician.

## Life

He attended Public School 16 and 14, and graduated from Bryant & Stratton College in Buffalo. Afterwards, he worked for the Bell Brothers wholesale produce house, and went on the road as a salesman for them. The produce business interested Knight and he founded Knight, Lennox & Co. with William C. Lennox in 1880. On May 14, 1881, he married Mary Elizabeth Cowles, and their daughter was Gertrude Knight who married Assemblyman Herbert B. Shonk (1881–1930).
After dissolving the partnership with Lennox in 1887, Knight established a real estate and insurance business. In 1892 he formed with Oliver A. Jenkins the construction company of Jenkins & Knight. Knight was also a partner in the firm Sloan, Cowles & Co., proprietors of excursion steamers and summer resorts.
He entered politics as a Republican and was a supervisor of Buffalo from 1889 to 1894, and was Chairman of the Board of Supervisors in the latter year. He was Buffalo City Comptroller from 1895 to 1900, re-elected in 1898 on the Democratic ticket.
He was New York State Comptroller in 1901, elected after the incumbent William J. Morgan, who had been re-nominated at the Republican state convention, died unexpectedly and Knight was substituted on the ticket. As sitting State Comptroller he ran for Mayor of Buffalo in November 1900, and was elected, serving from 1902 to 1905. He was an alternate delegate to the 1904 Republican National Convention. He did not seek re-election and returned to his private business.
In 1903 he had opened a coal company with his brother George, the E. C. & G. L. Knight Company. In 1905, he organized the Isle of Pines Company, a fruit exporting business, and became its president.
In 1920 he moved to New York City. In August 1923 he fell and broke his hip. He never fully recovered from it, and although surgery was tried, it was unsuccessful. On September 3, 1923, Knight died at his home in the Hotel Pennsylvania, and was buried in Forest Lawn Cemetery, Buffalo.

## Sources

* The Political Graveyard: Index to Politicians: Knight at politicalgraveyard.com Political Graveyard
* Buffalo election, in NYT on November 6, 1901
* His resignation as Comptroller, in NYT on December 29, 1901
* The Mayor's of Buffalo, New York -Erastus C. Knight at www.buffalonian.com Mayors of Buffalo, at The Buffalonian
Party political offices :
| Preceded byWilliam J. Morgan | Republican nominee for New York State Comptroller 1900 | Succeeded byNathan L. Miller |
| Political offices |||
| Preceded byTheodore P. Gilman | New York State Comptroller 1901 | Succeeded byNathan L. Miller |
| Preceded byConrad Diehl | Mayor of Buffalo, NY 1902–1905 | Succeeded byJames N. Adam |
# Alberta Justice

The Ministry of Justice of Alberta, commonly called Alberta Justice, is the Cabinet ministry responsible for providing legal advice and overseeing provincial law enforcement to the government of Alberta, Canada. The ministry was created in 2012 by merging the Ministry of Justice and Attorney General and Ministry of the Solicitor General and Public Security. It was formerly called Alberta Justice and Solicitor General from 2012 to 2022.
The current Minister of Justice is Mickey Amery since June 9, 2023.

## List of ministers

* Jonathan Denis 2012-2015
* Kathleen Ganley 2015-2019
* Doug Schweitzer 2019-2020
* Kaycee Madu 2020-2022
* Tyler Shandro 2022-2023
* Mickey Amery 2023-present
For list of ministers for two separate preceding posts see:
* Attorneys General of Alberta
* Solicitors General of Alberta
# Pelsall railway station

Pelsall railway station is a disused railway station that served the villages of Pelsall and Shelfield in the Metropolitan Borough of Walsall, West Midlands, England. It was on the South Staffordshire Line between Walsall and Lichfield.

## History

It was opened in 1849. It closed as part of the Beeching Axe in 1965. The station was built and served by the South Staffordshire Railway, which later became London, Midland and Scottish Railway (through amalgamation of the London and North Western Railway).
The station also had a small single track leave after the station to serve the Atlas Brickworks and Leighswood Colliery until the 1930s when Leighswood Colliery closed but continued to serve Atlas Brickworks until 1964 when the small branch line closed.
The station closed in 1965 as part of the Beeching Cuts although the line that passed through the station remained open until 1984. It is preserved in case the railway line between Walsall and Lichfield reopens.

## Station site today

The trackbed through the former station site is now part of a footpath used by cyclists and dog walkers. In 2016, the bridge that carried the line to and from Walsall over Vicarage Road had a green fenced erected across both sides of the edges due to youths throwing stones and other rubbish at passing cars and people. Nothing remains of the station apart from parts of fencing on the Walsall platform and the former station masters house on Station Road to the immediate north.
| Preceding station | Disused railways | Following station |
| Brownhills | South Staffordshire Railway Later LNWR, then LMS, finally BR South Staffs Line (1849-1965) | Rushall |
# Cowgill's law (Greek)

Cowgill's law says that a former /o/ vowel becomes /u/ between a resonant (/r/, /l/, /m/, /n/) and a labial consonant (including labiovelars), in either order. It is named after Indo-Europeanist Warren Cowgill.
Examples:
* Greek: νύξ 'night' < PIE *nokʷts (cf. Latin: nox, Vedic nák < *nakts, Gothic: nahts, gen. sg. Hittite: nekuz)
* Greek: φύλλον 'leaf' < PIE *bʰolyom (cf. Latin: folium)
* Greek: μύλη 'mill' < PIE *mol-eh₂- (cf. Latin: molīna)
* Greek: ὄνυξ 'nail' (stem Proto-Greek: *ónukh-) < early PG *onokʷʰ- < PIE h₃nogʷʰ- (cf. Old English: nægl < PGerm *nag-laz)
Note that when a labiovelar adjoins an /o/ affected by Cowgill's law, the new /u/ will cause the labiovelar to lose its labial component (as in Greek: núks and Greek: ónuks/ónukh-, where the usual Greek change *kʷ > *p has not occurred).
# JS Yahagi

Yahagi (やはぎ) is a frigate of the Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force, and the fifth ship of the Mogami class. Her namesake comes from the Yahagi River, which flows through Nagano, Gifu, and Aichi prefectures, a name that was chosen by Defense Minister Nobuo Kishi after a competition within the Maritime Self-Defense Forces.
She is the third Japanese warship to bear this name, following the former Imperial Japanese Navy's Chikuma-class cruiser Yahagi of 1911, and the Agano-class cruiser Yahagi of 1942, though the kanji characters are different, as the former Imperial Japanese Navy's Yahagi was named after the old name of the Yahagi River.

## History

Yahagi was ordered in the fiscal year 2020, based on the Mid-Term Defense Program, with her keel being laid down at Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Nagasaki Shipyard on 24 June 2021, and was launched on 23 June 2022. After undergoing fitting out and sea trials, the ship was commissioned on 21 May 2024, assigned to the Escort Fleet 14th Escort Division of Maizuru.
The Mogami-class frigates were designed to be multi-functional in various roles, to address the growing peacetime surveillance and monitoring activities around Japan, including anti-submarine, anti-aircraft, surface, and mine warfares.

## Gallery

* Launch ceremony of Yahagi
* Yahagi being fitted out at Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Nagasaki Shipyard
* Yahagi leaving Nagasaki Shipyard upon being commissioned
* Yahagi with the Maizuru Crane Bridge in the background
# List of members of the European Parliament for Estonia, 2024–2029

Members of the European Parliament for Estonia :
| Observers | (2003) |
| Delegation | (2004) |
| 6th term | (2004) |
| 7th term | (2009) |
| 8th term | (2014) |
| 9th term | (2019) |
| 10th term | (2024) |
Women :
vte :
This is a list of the 7 members of the European Parliament for Estonia in the 2024 to 2029 session. The members were elected in the 2024 European Parliament election in Estonia.

## List

| Name | National party | EP Group | Preference votes |
| Jüri Ratas | Isamaa | EPP | 33,612 |
| Riho Terras | Isamaa | EPP | 23,917 |
| Marina Kaljurand | Social Democratic Party (SDE) | S&D | 45,626 |
| Sven Mikser | Social Democratic Party (SDE) | S&D | 9,998 |
| Urmas Paet | Estonian Reform Party | RE | 35,577 |
| Jana Toom | Estonian Centre Party (EK) | RE | 14,143 |
| Jaak Madison | Estonian Centre Party (EK) | ECR | 32,845 |
Source: "European Parliament 2024". valimised.ee. Retrieved 26 August 2024.
# John Henry Dick

John Henry Dick (May 12, 1919 – September 18, 1995) was an American naturalist and wildlife artist who specialized in birds.

## Early life

Dick was born in at his parents' townhouse in Brooklyn, New York on May 12, 1919. His parents were William Karl Dick and Madeleine Talmage Force. Madeleine survived the RMS Titanic sinking where her first husband John Jacob Astor IV died, and had a posthumously born son named John Jacob Astor VI with him. Dick also had an elder full brother named William Force Dick.
He grew up in Manhattan and at the age of seven he shot a golden-crowned kinglet. He frequently visited the American Museum of Natural History where he met Frank Chapman, James Chapin, Robert Cushman Murphy and Roy Chapman Andrews. He was also able to observe Francis Lee Jaques work on paintings in the backgrounds of exhibits. His great-grandfather, William Dick, was an early investor in the National Sugar Refining Co., of which his father was a director. Dick went to Brooks School where his grades were poor but shortly before graduating in 1936, his headmaster Frank D. Ashburn had him paint a mural in the dining hall. He spent some time on Dixie Plantation in Charleston County near Meggett that his mother had come to own. Here, around 1937-38, he was tutored by John Moffett. He then studied at the Yale School of Art. His mother restored the home in Dixie Plantation, but it burned down in 1939 and his mother died shortly after. In 1941, he joined the United States Air Force during World War II, visiting the South Pacific Islands. When the war came to an end he was on Iwo Jima. After the war he went to live on Dixie Plantation where he built a house in 1947.

## Career

John Henry Dick illustrated numerous books on birds including South Carolina Bird Life (1949), Florida Birdlife (1954), The Warblers of America (1957), A Gathering of Shore Birds (1960), Carolina Lowcountry Impressions (1964), A pictorial guide to the birds of the Indian subcontinent (1983) and The Birds of China (1984). He also published an illustrated autobiographical book in 1979 titled Other Edens: The Sketchbook of an Artist Naturalist which won a national conservation award from the Garden Club of America in 1984.
The Dixie Plantation estate beside the Stono River had a variety of habitats on 900 acres where he encouraged birds. Apart from bird art, he also took an interest in photography and lectured at the Charleston Natural History Society and travelled around the world to observe birds.

## Personal life

Dick turned blind towards the end of his life and died on his estate which was then bequeathed to the College of Charleston.
# Peter Farb

Peter Farb (1929–1980) was an American author, anthropologist, linguist and naturalist.

## Biography

Farb was born July 25, 1929, in New York City to Solomon and Cecelia Farb. In 1950, he graduated magna cum laude from Vanderbilt University. He attended Columbia University graduate school from 1950 to 1951. He married museum director and painter Oriole Horch in 1953, and together they had two sons, Mark Daniel and Thomas Forest.
Peter Farb was a freelance writer in the areas of the natural and human sciences for many years, authoring many acclaimed books, including several books for young readers, and columns in national magazines such as Better Homes and Gardens and Reader's Digest. President John F. Kennedy's Secretary of the Interior, Stewart Udall, described him as "one of the finest conservation spokesmen of our period".
He was a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science.
Farb died from leukemia on April 8, 1980, in Boston, Massachusetts. At the time of his death, he had been working with Irven DeVore on a new book, The Human Experience: A Textbook of Anthropology.

## Dates of interest

1950–1952: Argosy Magazine feature editor
1960–1961: editor-in-chief of the publishing agent Panorama until the project sponsored by the Columbia Broadcasting System ended.
1964–1971: Curator for American Indian Cultures, Riverside Museum, New York, N.Y.
1971: National Book Awards Committee Judge
1971–1972: visiting lecturer, Yale University
1971–1978: Fellow of Calhoun College, Yale University
1976: University of Massachusetts Amherst Libraries Trustee
1966–1971: Consultant to the Smithsonian Institution, Washington D.C.

## Books

* 1959: Living Earth
* 1959: The Insect World
* 1959: The Story of Butterflies and Other Insects (children's book)
* 1961: The Story of Dams (children's book)
* 1962: The Story of Life: Plants and Animals Through the Ages
* 1962, 1977 (2nd Ed.): The Insects (Series: LIFE Nature Library)
* 1963, 1979 (Revised Ed.): Ecology (Series: LIFE Nature Library)
* 1964: The Face of North America (Young Reader's Edition)
* 1964, 1978 (2nd Ed.): The Land and Wildlife of North America (Series: LIFE Nature Library)
* 1964: Face of America: The Natural History of a Continent (selected for the Book of the Month Club and became extremely popular. Added to President John F. Kennedy's International White House Library, whereby President Kennedy presented it to the heads of a hundred foreign governments).
* 1966: The Atlantic Shore: Human and Natural History from Long Island to Labrador by Peter Farb and John Hay
* 1967: The Land, Wildlife, and Peoples of the Bible (children's book)
* 1968: Man's Rise to Civilization As Shown by the Indians of North America from Primeval Times to the Coming of the Industrial State
* 1970: Yankee Doodle
* 1973: Word Play: What Happens when People Talk (selected for the Book of the Month Club) ISBN 0-679-73408-2.
* 1978 (2nd Ed.): Man's Rise to Civilization: The Cultural Ascent of the Indians of North America
* 1978: The Forest (Series: LIFE Science Library)
* 1978: Humankind
* 1980: Consuming Passions - The Anthropology of Eating by Peter Farb & George J. Armelagos
# Quadrumvirs

In ancient Rome, quadrumvir (Italian: quadrumviri) was an elective post assigned to four citizens having police and jurisdiction power, elected by the Senate. The term is related to triumvir and duumvir, respectively describing a post of three and two people, which gave rise to the better-known extant terms "triumvirate" and "duumvirate".
At the beginning of Italian Fascism, they were a group of four leaders that led Benito Mussolini's March on Rome. They were all involved in the Fascist party under Mussolini and had been involved in politics and/or war in the period leading up to the Fascist dictatorship. They were:
* Michele Bianchi, a revolutionary syndicalist leader
* Emilio De Bono, a leading Italian general who had fought in World War I
* Cesare Maria De Vecchi, a member of the Italian Chamber of Deputies, as well as a colonial administrator
* Italo Balbo, a Blackshirt leader and leader of the Ferrara Fascist organisation
# Jan Mydlář

Jan Mydlář (c. 1572–1664) was a 17th-century executioner from Bohemia. He is most known for the red hood he donned when performing executions.

## Old Town Square execution

Mydlář carried out the Old Town Square executions of 27 Bohemian Revolt leaders. These leaders were men of high importance, representing various ranks in the society and professions of Bohemia. They had organized an uprising against the Habsburg Emperor Matthias and later Ferdinand II.
On 21 June 1621, Mydlář executed the 27 men on behalf of the Austrian House of Habsburg. There were 3 lords, 7 knights and other important men of the land. He beheaded 12 of the men using four swords. He beheaded them without using a block; just a single swing of the sword. He would have lost his job and his reputation if he had needed two sword strokes. It had to be a clean death. He used a new, sharp sword when executing his friend Jan Jessenius, an educated man who performed the first public autopsy in the Czech Lands. Jessenius also happened to be a spokesperson for the noblemen. Mydlář had to cut out Jessenius's tongue first, then behead him, then quarter his body. (Although the original sentencing was for Jessenius's body to be quartered before beheading, the emperor changed the punishment.)
The Habsburgs displayed the men's heads on the Prague Old Town Bridge Tower. The heads remained there for 10 years, then were taken down and buried in secret. Their location is unknown to this day. Two heads were sent to two other towns where their previous “owners” were mayors. A total of 47 men were sentenced to death (27 in Bohemia and 20 in Moravia) but the unprecedented cruelty of the Prague executions stopped the Moravian “sequel”. The Moravian men received a pardon, but all their lands and property were confiscated. The stage built for this bloody theatre was 20 steps long and 20 steps wide, covered in black linen. The executions started at 5 AM on a clear day, yet it’s been said that a rainbow appeared over the square. The executions lasted 5 hours and guns and drum rolls drowned out the final words of each of the convicted men. There were thousands of spectators, some of whom fainted. When all was finished, Mydlář and his helpers took apart the stage. They could have kept the wood as part of their pay, but nobody wanted it. The wood is thought to have been used to build a roof and stairs in a monastery.
Jan Mydlář had two sons, both of whom followed in his footsteps, as did his grandson Daniel.
There are 27 white crosses on the pavement of the Old Town Square commemorating the noblemen. The Czechs do not walk on them. Votive candles (a method of commemorating the dead in the Czech Republic) are put on each cross every year on the anniversary of the mass executions.

## Legacy

Mydlář is the central character of a 19th-century novel by Josef Svátek based on his life, The Memoirs of a Prague Executioner. According to the novel, young Mydlář became an executioner because of a disappointment in love, just before graduating from medical school.
Mydlář is featured on the thrash metal band Sodom’s debut EP In The Sign Of Evil.
# Hugh M. Raup

Hugh Miller Raup (February 4, 1901 – August 10, 1995) was an American botanist, ecologist and geographer working on natural history and natural resource management in diverse regions—from tropical and temperate to arctic.

## Biography

He was born in Springfield, Ohio to Gustavas Philip and Fanny Mitchell Raup on February 4, 1901. The American philosopher, Dr. Robert Bruce Raup, (b. 1888) was his older brother.
He attended Wittenberg College, receiving an A.B. in 1923. Immediately following his graduation, Raup was appointed as an instructor in biology. He received his Ph.D. from the University of Pittsburgh in 1928, and was promoted to assistant professor at Wittenberg. Raup left Wittenberg College in 1932 to serve as a research assistant and associate at Harvard's Arnold Arboretum, a position he held from 1932 to 1938, then in the department of botany, where he was professor of botany and Bullard professor in forestry.
He served as director of the Harvard Forest from 1946 to 1967. After his retirement from Harvard in 1967, he spent three years as visiting professor of geography at Johns Hopkins University.
Raup spent several summers in the late 1960s in Mestersvig in North-East Greenland investigating the relationship between vegetation and environment in an arctic landscape.
He died on August 10, 1995, in Sister Bay, Wisconsin.

## Publications

* 1934: Phytogeographic Studies in the Peace and Upper Liard River Regions, Canada
* 1957: Vegetational adjustment to the instability of the site. Proc. and Papers of the Tech. Meeting, 6th Internat. Union for the Conserv. of Natural
* 1982: The Lake Athabasca Sand Dunes of Northern Saskatchewan and Alberta, Canada, with G. W. Argus