OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Great Synagogue (Gibraltar)

The Great Synagogue of Gibraltar (Ladino: Esnoga Grande), also known as Kahal Kadosh Sha'ar HaShamayim (Hebrew: קהל קדוש שער השמיים, lit. 'Holy Congregation Gate of Heaven'; Ladino: Esnoga Sha'ar Hashamayim), is an Orthodox Jewish congregation and synagogue, located in the British overseas territory of Gibraltar. It was the first synagogue on the Iberian Peninsula to operate following the Jewish expulsions from Spain and Portugal in 1492 and 1497 respectively. Completed in the 1720s, it is the oldest synagogue in continuous use in Gibraltar and is Gibraltar's principal synagogue.

## History

The Sha'ar HaShamayim congregation was founded in 1724 by Isaac Nieto from London. Nieto was also the first Rabbi to lead the congregation and was one of the Jewish merchants who settled in Gibraltar in the early eighteenth century. During the 1727 Siege of Gibraltar, he was Gibraltar's sole importer of food supplies from Morocco. Following the death of his father in 1728, Nieto returned to London where, in 1732, he was appointed Chief Rabbi of the Bevis Marks Synagogue. His partner James Argatt became the beneficiary of his decision to leave Gibraltar; the monopoly of Moroccan food imports was transferred to him.
The synagogue was inaugurated in 1724 on a plot of land granted to the Jews by the then Governor of Gibraltar, Richard Kane. Having been rebuilt several times, the present building largely dates from 1812, completed in the Regency style, and shares features in common with the parent Portuguese Synagogue in Amsterdam (1675) and Bevis Marks Synagogue (1701).
The entrance to the original building was on Synagogue Lane, now Serfaty's Passage.
Following its destruction in the storm of 30 December 1766, a larger synagogue was rebuilt at the same site in 1768, but with an entrance on Engineer Lane. The second building was also destroyed during attacks by the Spanish on 17 May 1781. A third building was constructed after the conclusion of the Great Siege of Gibraltar.
In 1812, that version of the synagogue was damaged by fire and had to be partially rebuilt. The current vaulted ceiling of the synagogue dates from that 1812 renovation. The synagogue at 47/49 Engineer Lane has colourful tiles, marble floors, wrought iron spindles, and wooden furniture. The façade of the two-and-a-half-storey, domestic-scale building features round-arched windows flanking a round-arched doorway.
The building is listed under the Heritage and Antiquities Act.

## Gallery

* Main entrance to the synagogue
* Window of the synagogue with Hebrew and English writing
* Inside the synagogue
# Stria House

The Stria House (Italian: Casa degli Stria) is a historic building located in Ivrea, Italy.

## History

The house belonged to the prominent Stria noble family from Ivrea. Here, in 1391, Amadeus VII of Savoy signed an agreement with the Canavese nobility and representatives of the Tuchini, which brought an end to the Tuchinaggio uprising.
In 1884, the decorations of the façades were reproduced by Alfredo d'Andrade in the Borgo Medioevale in Turin.

## Description

The building is located along Via Siccardi in the historic centre of Ivrea. The façade preserves a decorative terracotta cornice featuring trefoil arches, foliage, and an intertwined rope motif, a testament to a medieval noble residence.
# Ceccaceras

Ceccaceras is an extinct genus of ammonites in the family Ceratitidae. Species are known from the Triassic of United States (Nevada).
# Fred Applegate (actor)

Frederick Applegate (born February 20, 1953) is an American actor, singer and dancer.

## Early life and education

Applegate grew up in Maplewood, New Jersey, and South Orange, New Jersey. He attended Columbia High School and was on the original Ultimate (Frisbee) team. He graduated from Northwestern University.

## Career
### Stage

Applegate played Cogsworth in the national tour of Beauty and the Beast. He originated the roles of Inspector Kemp and The Blind Hermit in the Broadway musical Young Frankenstein (2007). He originated the role of the Monsignor in the Broadway production of Sister Act (2011) and the role of Father Jack O'Brien in The Last Ship, which premiered on Broadway in October 2014.
Other Broadway credits include M. Dindon/M. Renaud in La Cage aux Folles (2010), Max Bialystock in The Producers (replacement, 2003; in the West End production in 2005) and as Franz Leibkind in the first national tour. He also played Max Detweiler in The Sound of Music. (1998).
Applegate appeared Off-Broadway at Lincoln Center's Mitzi Newhouse Theater in the musical Happiness in 2009, directed and choreographed by Susan Stroman. Applegate played the role of "Panisse" in the Encores! staged concert of Fanny in February 2010. He participated in a reading of a new musical, Presto Change-O in December 2014, directed by Marc Bruni, as a presentation of the Barrington Stage Company Musical Theatre Lab. He appeared in the national tour of Anything Goes, as "Moonface Martin", which started in October 2012.
Applegate has played the role of the Wizard in the Broadway production Wicked, played the role of Constable Joe in the Broadway musical Tuck Everlasting, and also played the role of Uncle Patrick Carney in the Broadway play The Ferryman.
Applegate was a member of the resident acting company of the Guthrie Theatre for three years.
In 2022, he played Arvide Abernathy in Guys and Dolls at the Kennedy Center.

### Voice, television and film

Applegate's voice can be recognized as the narrator of documentaries for PBS, National Geographic, Disney, Bravo, and A&E. He has guest starred in over 150 episodes of television including Seinfeld, Cosby, Growing Pains, FM, Malcolm in the Middle, ER, Murphy Brown, Newhart, Will & Grace and many others. His film credits include Georgia Rule, Stuart Saves His Family (1995), and The Producers.
# Playboy Club (Las Vegas)

The Playboy Club was a nightclub formerly located on the 52nd floor of the Fantasy Tower at the Palms Casino Resort in Paradise, Nevada, which is located in the Las Vegas Valley. The club was a Playboy-themed casino and the first official Playboy Club in the United States since 1988. The club opened in October 2006 and closed in June 2012.

## Design and layout

The club featured floor-to-ceiling windows, Baccarat crystal chandeliers, a VIP area with its own bar, a fireplace and two retro Playboy brand pinball machines. The trademark Playboy Bunny logo was prominently displayed throughout the club, even the bathrooms. The Playboy Club offered gaming in the form of blackjack and roulette tables. The 12,500 sq ft (1,160 m$^2$) space also featured a small dance floor and was linked via escalators to MOON Nightclub, a boutique dance club on the 53rd floor.
While Hugh Hefner had input in the design of the Playboy Club, he said most of the credit goes to the Maloof family and the Las Vegas-based entertainment company that helped open the club, N9NE Group. Michael Morton, a principal of N9NE Group, is the son of Chicago restaurateur Arnie Morton, one of Hefner's partners in the launch of the original Playboy Club.

## History

Early plans had the name of the tower being the Playboy Tower.
# Kurudi, Gauribidanur

Kurudi is a village in the southern state of Karnataka, India. It is located in the Gauribidanur taluk of Chikkaballapura district in Karnataka. It is situated 18 km away from sub-district headquarter Gauribidanur and 53 km away from district headquarter Chikkaballapura.

## Demographics

According to Census 2011 information the location code or village code of Kurudi village is 623199. Kurudi village is also a gram panchayat. Villages comes under Kurudi gram Panchayat are Ranganahalli, Kadirenahalli, Hosa Upparahalli, Dronakunte, Kurudi and Anudi.
The total geographical area of village is 1347.37 hectares. Kurudi has a total population of 2,870 peoples with 1,458 males and 1,412 females. There are about 700 houses in Kurudi village. Gauribidanur is nearest town to Kurudi which is approximately 18 km away.

## Economy

Agriculture the main occupation of Kurudi people. People belonging to the Kurudi village grow very much maize, millet silk, etc. The major occupations of the residents of Kurudi is dairy farming. The dairy cooperative is the largest individual milk supplying cooperative in the state.

## Facilities

Kurudi has below types of facilities.
* Government higher primary School
* Government high School
* Kurudi KMF (Karnataka Milk Federation) Dairy
* Government Grocery store
* Kurudi Gram Panchayat Office
* Government Primary health center
* State Bank of India (SBIN0041183)
* Kurudi Forest Area
* Dr HN Science Center

## Temples

* Anjaneya Temple
* Shri 1008 Bhagwan Parshwanath Digambar Jain Temple
* Eswara Temple
# 1934 Stanford Indians football team

The 1934 Stanford Indians football team represented Stanford University as a member of the Pacific Coast Conference (PCC) during the 1934 college football season. In head coach Tiny Thornhill's second season as head coach, the Indians compiled an overall record of 9–1–1 with a mark of 5–0 in conference play, winning the PCC title. Stanford allowed only 14 points during the regular season and logged seven shutout victories This was the second season that the "Vow Boys" kept their vow and defeated USC. The team represented the conference in the Rose Bowl, losing to Alabama, 29–13.
The team was rated No. 1 by the contemporary Houlgate System and presented with the Foreman & Clark national championship trophy.

## Schedule

| Date | Opponent | Site | Result | Attendance |
| September 22 | San Jose State* | Stanford StadiumStanford, CA (rivalry) | W 48–0 | |
| September 29 | Santa Clara* | Stanford StadiumStanford, CA | T 7–7 | 40,000 |
| October 6 | at Oregon State | Multnomah StadiumPortland, OR | W 17–7 | |
| October 13 | Northwestern* | Stanford StadiumStanford, CA | W 20–0 | |
| October 20 | at San Francisco* | Kezar StadiumSan Francisco, CA | W 3–0 | |
| October 27 | USC | Stanford StadiumStanford, CA (rivalry) | W 16–0 | 48,000 |
| November 3 | at UCLA | Los Angeles Memorial ColiseumLos Angeles, CA | W 27–0 | 50,000 |
| November 10 | Washington | Stanford StadiumStanford, CA | W 24–0 | 38,617 |
| November 17 | Olympic Club* | Stanford StadiumStanford, CA | W 40–0 | |
| November 24 | at California | California Memorial StadiumBerkeley, CA (Big Game) | W 9–7 | |
| January 1, 1935 | vs. Alabama* | Rose BowlPasadena, CA (Rose Bowl) | L 13–29 | 84,474 |
| *Non-conference game ||||||
# Jamel James Johnson

Jamel Johnson (born 26 April 1990) is an American-Jamaican former professional footballer who played as a forward.

## Career

Johnson attended American Heritage High School in Plantation, Florida where he was a two-time state Champion and 2008 tournament MVP. He played club soccer for West Pines United FC in Pembroke Pines, Florida, he was a US youth International and ODP Region 3 team member. He attended the University of North Carolina at Greensboro in 2009.
Johnson trialled with Danish club FC Fyn in August 2010. He signed his first professional contract with the club and was to remain with the club until 1 December.
Having previously trained with KSV Roeselare in Belgium as well as Hannover 96 and Hansa Rostock in Germany, he trialled with Mexican club CF Pachuca in summer 2011. In 2013 he signed to Austrian Wiener Stadtliga team de:Gersthofer SV. In 2014, he was called into preseason camp with the New England Revolution but was later released. In 2016 Johnson registered with Danish club Aab.
# Mentalis

The mentalis muscle is a paired central muscle of the lower lip, situated at the tip of the chin. It originates from the mentum of the mandible, and inserts into the soft tissue of the chin. It is sometimes referred to as the "pouting muscle" (as in duck face) due to it raising the lower lip and causing chin wrinkles.

## Structure

The mentalis muscle originates from the mental protuberance of the mandible near the midline. It inserts into the soft tissue and skin of the chin.

## Function

The mentalis muscle causes a weak upward-inward movement of the soft tissue complex of the chin. This raises the central portion of the lower lip. In the setting of lip incompetence (the upper and lower lips not touching each other at rest), the contraction of the mentalis muscle can bring temporary but strained oral competence.
In conjunction with the orbicularis oris muscle (for the upper lip), the mentalis muscle allows the lips to "pout". Externally, contraction of the mentalis muscle causes wrinkling and dimpling of the skin on the chin, as used in expressions of doubt or displeasure.

## Clinical significance

The mentalis muscle can be easily assessed using ultrasound.

### Geniospasm

Geniospasm is a genetic movement disorder of the mentalis muscle. It involves repetitive contraction of the muscle, with episodes lasting between seconds and hours. Certain medications may be used to treat it, such as haloperidol and benzodiazepines. Injection of botulinum toxin (to temporarily paralyse the muscle) may be more effective.

### Cosmetics

The mentalis muscle may be partially paralysed using botulinum toxin to reduce wrinkling of the skin of the chin. This may be done for cosmetic purposes.

## Additional images

* Outer surface of mandible. Mentalis is indicated by the red circle at left.
* Position of mentalis (red)
* Action of the mentalis muscle
# Hardev Singh

Hardev Singh (23 February 1954 – 13 May 2016), also known as Nirankari Baba, was an Indian spiritual guru and chief leader of the Sant Nirankari Mission from 1980 until his death.

## Early life and education

Hardev Singh was born on 23 February 1954 to Gurbachan Singh and Kulwant Kaur in Delhi. He completed his elementary education from Yadvindra public school, Patiala, Punjab and later schooling from Rosary public school, Sant Nirankari Colony, Delhi. He graduated from Delhi University.
In 1975, he married Sawinder Kaur during an annual Nirankari Sant Samagam in Delhi.

## Spiritual career

Hardev Singh became a member of the Nirankari Seva Dal in 1971. After the assassination of his father Gurbachan Singh, who headed the Sant Nirankari Mission in 1980, he succeeded as the chief leader (satguru) of the organization. In 2005, he established the Nirankari Museum in Sant Nirankari Sarovar complex in New Delhi. Sant Nirankari Mission was established in 1929, by Buta Singh who previously belonged to the Nirankari sect. He was succeeded by Avtar Singh. The mission flourished after it shifted base to Delhi from West Punjab, after partition of India in 1947. As of 2016, the organization has 2000 centers and millions of followers all over the globe.

## Death

Hardev Singh died on 13 May 2016 in a car accident on Autoroute 30 near Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Indian President Pranab Mukherjee, Prime Minister Narendra Modi, Home minister Rajnath Singh, and Congress leader Sonia Gandhi among others expressed their grief over sudden demise of Hardev Singh. He was cremated on 18 May 2016 at Nigambodh Ghat crematorium.
On 17 May 2016, Hardev Singh's wife Sawinder Kaur became the fifth chief leader of the mission.
# Visnaga daucoides

Visnaga daucoides is a species of flowering plant in the carrot family known by many common names, including toothpick-plant, toothpickweed, bisnaga, khella, or sometimes bishop's weed. It is native to Europe, Asia, and North Africa, but it can be found throughout the world as an introduced species.

## Description

This is an erect annual plant growing from a taproot to a maximum height near 80 centimeters (31 in). The leaves are up to 20 centimeters (7.9 in) long and generally oval to triangular in shape but dissected into many small linear to lance-shaped segments. The inflorescence is a compound umbel of white flowers similar to those of other Apiaceae species. The fruit is a compressed oval-shaped body less than 3 millimeters long. This species is a source of khellin, a diuretic extract.
Like its close relative Ammi majus, Visnaga daucoides is commonly seen in gardens where it is grown from seed annually.
Some authorities regard Visnaga daucoides as a synonym of Ammi visnaga; and it is still widely referenced under that name.

## Traditional medicine

In Egypt, a tea made from the fruit of this species has been used as a herbal remedy for kidney stones.
Preparations of the fruits have also been used for angina pectoris therapy.

## Laboratory research

Laboratory rat studies show that the extract slows the buildup of calcium oxalate crystals in the kidneys and acts as a diuretic. Its clinical effects in humans are unknown.

## Chemical constituents

Khellin, a chemical compound obtained from Visnaga daucoides, was used at one time as a smooth muscle relaxant, but its use is now limited due to adverse side effects. Amiodarone and cromoglycate are synthetic derivatives of khellin with fewer side effects which were developed for use in modern medicine.
Visnagin is another chemical compound found in Visnaga daucoides, which is toxic if ingested in the pure state. Visnadine is a natural vasodilator found in Visnaga daucoides.
# Blackburn Twin Blackburn

The Blackburn TB (for "Twin Blackburn") was a long-range twin-engined anti-Zeppelin seaplane. It was Blackburn's first multi-engine aircraft to fly.

## Design and development

The first attacks by German bombing airships on the United Kingdom in the winter of 1914–15 resulted in the British Admiralty issuing a requirement for a two-seat aircraft with long endurance to attack Zeppelins by dropping incendiary Ranken darts onto the airships in the hope of igniting their gas envelopes, with an order for nine Blackburn TBs being placed in March 1915.
The TB was a seaplane with twin fuselages, situated 10 ft (3.35 m) apart, with the pilot in one fuselage and the observer in the other, having no means of communication other than hand signals. Each of the twin fuselages was a wooden structure with fabric covering, with a tractor engine in front of each fuselage. It had fabric-covered, wooden unstaggered, unswept and unequal-span wings. The upper wing extension was wire braced to steel pylons above the wing. The Blackburn had ailerons on the upper wings only.
Although it was intended that the TB would be powered by two 150 hp (112 kW) Smith Static radial engines, which promised low weight and good fuel consumption, these proved to be unsatisfactory, and 100 hp (75 kW) Gnome Monosoupape 9 Type B-2 had to be substituted, this allowing the first aircraft to fly in August 1915.
Testing showed that the two Gnome engines gave insufficient power, with the aircraft being unable to climb above 8,000 ft (2,438 m) carrying the required three canisters of 24 1 lb (.5 kg) Ranken darts. The weapon load was therefore reduced to two canisters.
The ninth (and final) TB was fitted with 110 hp (80 kW) Clerget engines with the hope of improving performance. This modification was found to have little effect.

## Operational history

Seven TBs were delivered to the Royal Naval Air Service. They did not see much action, four serving for a short time at RNAS Killingholme in 1917. All seven, together with the remaining two that were held in store, were broken up in 1917.

## Operators
### United Kingdom

* Royal Naval Air Service

## Specifications (TB)

Data from The British Bomber since 1914
General characteristics
* Crew: 2
* Length: 36 ft 6 in (11.13 m)
* Wingspan: 60 ft 6 in (18.44 m)
* Height: 13 ft 6 in (4.11 m)
* Wing area: 585 sq ft (54.3 m$^2$)
* Empty weight: 2,310 lb (1,048 kg)
* Gross weight: 3,500 lb (1,588 kg)
* Powerplant: 2 × Gnome Monosoupape 9 Type B-2 9-cylinder air-cooled rotary piston engines, 100 hp (75 kW) each
* Propellers: 2-bladed fixed-pitch propellers
Performance
* Maximum speed: 86 mph (138 km/h, 75 kn)
* Endurance: 4 hours
* Time to altitude: 5,000 ft (1,524 m) in 12 minutes
Armament
* Bombs: 3 × canisters, each with 24 × 1 lb (.5 kg) Ranken incendiary darts (intended)
# Euthydemus II

Euthydemus II (Greek: Εὐθύδημος, Euthýdēmos) was a Greco-Bactrian king who ruled in Bactria in 185-180 BCE.

## Rule

Son of Demetrius I of Bactria, Euthydemus II became king in the 180s BCE, either after his father's death or as a sub-king to him. The style and rare nickel alloys of his coins associates him closely in time with the king Agathocles but their precise relation remains uncertain. Euthydemus is pictured as a boy on his coins and most likely died very young.
He was the last Euthydemid ruler of the Greco-Bactrian Kingdom and perhaps related with king Xiutu of Gansu.

## Gallery

* Tetradrachm of king Euthydemus II with obverse showing the young king wearing a royal diadem.
* Silver coin of Euthydemus II. Reverse with standing Heracles holding club. Greek legend reads: ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΕΥΘΥΔΗΜΟΥ, "Of King Euthydemus".
* Cupro-nickel coin of Euthydemus II, c. 185-180 BC with Laureate head of Apollo, and Tripod on the reverse.
# Micheaux Robinson

Micheaux Robinson (born April 3, 1983) is an American former professional football defensive back. He played college football at Otterbein College.
In 2005 and 2006, Robinson played for the Wyoming Cavalry of the National Indoor Football League (NIFL).
He was signed as a free agent by the Jacksonville Sharks in 2009.
On September 7, 2011, he was signed by the Montreal Alouettes.
On May 11, 2012, Robinson was traded back the Jacksonville Sharks for Defensive Lineman T. J. Langley.
On May 30, 2012, Robinson returned to the Alouettes and was released on June 10, 2012.
On December 11, 2015, Robinson was assigned to the Sharks for the 2015 season.
He signed with the Atlanta Havoc in December 2017.
He was signed by the West Virginia Roughriders December 17, 2019
On October 20, 2020, Robinson signed with the Carolina Cobras of the National Arena League (NAL). On March 15, 2022, Robinson re-signed with the Cobras.