OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Camp Pine (Illinois)

Camp Pine was a Civilian Conservation Corps camp in Des Plaines, Illinois, north of Chicago. It was leased by the United States Department of Agriculture during World War II to house civilian farm workers from 1943 to 1944. The camp then housed German prisoners of war from 1945 to 1946. Its site is found in Camp Pine Woods forest preserve.

## History
### Civilian Conservation Corps

A Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) camp was established along the Des Plaines River at Dam No. 2 on Cook County Forest Preserve District property, north of Des Plaines, on August 16, 1934. Workers assigned to the camp were tasked with improving the local forest preserves by building parking spaces, shelters, trails, and other facilities. The camp was known as Camp Des Plaines and as Dam No. 2 Camp. It was abandoned by 1942.

### Department of Agriculture

In June 1943, the Cook County Forest Preserve District leased the vacant CCC facilities near Des Plaines to the Extension Service of the U.S. Department of Agriculture. The camp housed civilian farm workers brought in to help farmers in northern Cook County in need of laborers. Workers imported from the British West Indies, along with teenaged male youths from the Victory Farm Volunteers program, lived at the camp intermittingly until late 1944.
A social experiment was conducted at the camp by a joint collaboration between several Chicago area Jewish organizations, including B'nai B'rith, Aleph Zadik Aleph, and the Chicago Board of Education. These intuitions used the former CCC camp near Des Plaines as a youth camp for Jewish boys from Chicago, while simultaneously exposing them to food production as paid workers of the Victory Farm Volunteers. The youth camp was called Camp Avodah and operated in Des Plaines for the summers of 1943 and 1944.

### Prisoners of war

A contingent of 81 German prisoners of war from Fort Sheridan arrived in April 1945. The camp was renamed Camp Pine and was in operation until March 1946. The prisoners worked on local farms and for small businesses.
# Heggur Tunnel

The Heggur Tunnel (Norwegian: Heggurtunnelen) is a road tunnel in Fjord Municipality in Møre og Romsdal county, Norway. The 5,277-metre (3.3 mi) long tunnel was built in 1982 to connect the isolated village of Tafjord to the rest of Norway's road network. The village is at the end of the Tafjorden which is surrounded by very steep mountains, where roads could not be built along the shoreline. The tunnel was built following the shoreline, but inside the mountain, giving drivers a safe passage to Tafjord.
# Rehoboth Urban West

Rehoboth Urban West is an electoral constituency in the Hardap region of Namibia, comprising the suburbs of Rehoboth that are situated to the west of the national road B1, covering an area of 325 km$^2$ (125 sq mi). It had a population of 11,197 in 2011, up from 9,238 in 2001. As of 2020 the constituency had 8,324 registered voters.

## Politics

Rehoboth was traditionally a stronghold of the South West Africa People's Organization (SWAPO) party. In the 2004 regional election, SWAPO candidate Theo Diergaardt received 1,261 of the 2,468 votes cast and became councillor.
The 2015 regional elections were won by Laurena Wilhelmina Christ of the United People's Movement (UPM) with 1,975 votes. No other constituency in Hardap Region was won by an opposition candidate. Diergaardt, the sitting councillor and then-deputy minister of Lands and Resettlement of the ruling SWAPO party came second with 1,479 votes, followed by Marthinus Christiaan Kotze of the Democratic Turnhalle Alliance (DTA, 159 votes).
The 2020 regional election were won by Harald Kambrude of the Landless People's Movement (LPM, a new party registered in 2018). He obtained 1,237 votes. Francis Huish of the Popular Democratic Movement (PDM, the new name of the DTA) came second with 766 votes, followed by Karl Manfred Draghoender (SWAPO, 706 votes). The sitting councillor Christ ran as an independent candidate in 2020 but only obtained 94 votes.
# Touching Home (album)

Touching Home is an album by Jerry Lee Lewis that was released on Mercury Records in 1971.

## Recording

The single "Touching Home" would become Lewis' twelfth Top 10 country hit since 1968 and the title track for his third Mercury album of 1971. Lewis gives a riveting performance on the song, his vocal conveying the emotional torment found in the lyrics as he moans "No longer do I wonder why men have lost their minds, or wind up in a jungle of flashing neon signs." A second single, "When He Walks On You (The Way You Have Walked on Me)," barely missed the Top Ten, peaking at number 11. The album also includes Kris Kristofferson's "Help Me Make It Through the Night", a song Lewis greatly respected; in 2014 he told biographer, Rick Bragg, that the song was a "masterpiece...You don't mess with Kristofferson." Lewis was also in the habit of occasionally recording songs written by his younger sister Linda Gail Lewis, such as "Foolish Kind of Man," which she penned with her husband and Lewis guitarist Kenny Lovelace.

## Reception

AllMusic calls Touching Home "a hard country album, lacking overall sweetened gloss. It's a good, strong shot of barroom country, filled with broken-hearted ballads and enlivened by a rollicking 'Please Don't Talk About Me When I'm Gone,' and given some pathos by 'Mother, The Queen of My Heart,' a bit of kitsch that doesn't seem so corny when surrounded by so much tough country." The album reached number 11 on the Billboard country albums chart.

## Personnel

* Jerry Lee Lewis - vocals, piano
* Chip Young, Dale Sellers, Harold Bradley, Jerry Shook, Pete Wade, Ray Edenton - guitar
* Lloyd Green, Pete Drake - steel guitar
* Kenny Lovelace - fiddle
* Bill Strom, Bob Moore - bass
* Buddy Harman, Jerry Carrigan - drums
* The Nashville Sounds, The Jordanaires - vocal accompaniment
# 2010 Estonia national football team

The 2010 season was the 19th full year of competitive football in Estonia as an independent nation.

## Matches

The team played total of thirteen – four UEFA Euro 2012 qualifying, two Baltic Cup and seven friendly – matches, of which they won three, drew four and lost six. They scored thirteen goals, averaging one goal per match, and conceded eighteen in these games.

### Estonia vs Finland

It was the farewell match for Indrek Zelinski, who acquired total of 103 caps and 27 goals. Sander Post scored his first international goal, which helped Estonia overcome Finland for the first time in 73 years. Karl Palatu was capped for the first time.

### Latvia vs Estonia

Sergei Mošnikov was capped for the first time.

### Estonia vs Liechtenstein

Siim Luts was capped for the first time.

### China vs Estonia

Rauno Alliku, Markus Jürgenson and Marko Meerits were capped for the first time.

### Qatar vs Estonia
## Players

These 38 players were capped during the 2010 season (listed alphabetically):

### Goalscorers
#### 4 goals

* Konstantin Vassiljev (two penalties)

#### 2 goals

* Ats Purje

#### 1 goals

* Tarmo Kink
* Andres Oper
* Raio Piiroja
* Sander Post
* Kaimar Saag
* Sergei Zenjov

#### Own goal

* Aleksandar Luković

### Debutants

* Karl Palatu (#214) – on 21 May in a friendly match against Finland
* Sergei Mošnikov (#215) – on 19 June in a Baltic Cup match against Latvia
* Siim Luts (#216) – on 17 November in a friendly against Liechtenstein
* Rauno Alliku (#217–218) – on 18 December started in a friendly against China
* Markus Jürgenson (#217–218) – on 18 December started in a friendly against China
* Marko Meerits (#219) – on 18 December came on as a substitute in a friendly against China
All six were FC Flora Tallinn players at the time of their debuts.
# José Zapiola

José Zapiola Cortés (1802–1885) was a Chilean musician, composer and orchestra conductor.

## Life

Zapiola was born in Santiago, the illegitimate son of the Argentinian lawyer Bonifacio Zapiola y Lezica and of the Chilean Carmen Cortés. He early showed a great talent for music and studied with Fray Antonio Briseño between 1812 and 1815. He learned by himself to play the clarinet in 1819, with the support and help of Danish businessman and music lover Carlos Drewetcke. He then trained as a silversmith with Elías Espejo. His parents sent him to Buenos Aires in 1824 to study harmony and composition.
On his return in 1826, he participated in the campaign of Chiloe as band-master of the 7th regiment, and in 1830, on the arrival of the first operatic company in Chile, whose orchestra-leader had died, Zapiola was called to take his place and soon acquired fame, so that he was called repeatedly to Lima to lead the orchestra of the opera there.
Zapiola created the chair of music in the Normal School of Santiago and organized the first public musical concerts in Santiago y Valparaíso in 1842, and he may be called the creator of the musical art in Chile. He was rewarded with a gold medal for his services by the government in 1844.
In 1850, Zapiola participated in the "Egalitarian Society" (Spanish: Sociedad de la Igualdad), a club created by Rafael Arcos Arlegui and Francisco Bilbao, which was a utopian socialist attempt, with deeply romantic overtones. The society was founded in Santiago on April 14, 1850, based on the ideals of the French Revolution of 1848. The membership was composed primarily of artisans and young people of middle and high class background.
In 1853 Zapiola co-founded (together with Isidora Zegers, José Bernardo Alzedo and Francisco Oliva) the weekly El Semanario Musical, the first specialized musical publication in the country. He was also co-editor of the Estrella de Chile. In 1857, Zapiola was appointed director of the newly founded Conservatory of Music at Santiago, where he taught many artists, but he resigned a few months later due to the perceived lack of interest and funding allotted by the government. From 1864 to 1874 he became the Choir-master of the Santiago Cathedral, a post he held in name until his death in Santiago in 1885.

## Works

His best musical compositions are Domine ad adjuvandum me (1835), a Requiem (1836), Himno al triunfo de Yungay (1840), and Himno a San Martin (1842). He also wrote a book of historical incidents, sketches of Chilean customs and autobiographical memoirs: Remembraces of thirty years (1872) (Spanish: Recuerdos de treinta años).
# Gold Flake

Gold Flake is a classic Indian cigarette brand that has been on the market for over a century.
Gold Flake is sold in a multitude of varieties, including Gold Flake Kings (84mm), Gold Flake Kings Lights (84mm), Gold Flake and Gold Flake Lights. This brand is owned, manufactured and marketed by ITC Limited.

## History

Gold Flake was first produced by Stephen Mitchell & Son of Glasgow. From 1901, Bristol's W.D. & H.O. Wills, a subsidiary of Imperial Tobacco, took over production. "Gold flake" refers to cigarettes made using bright rich golden tobacco. After 1912, the biggest change came in 1971 with the introduction of Gold Flake Kings, followed up with the launch of Gold Flake Kings Lights in 1999.
Gold Flake enjoys a large market share in Pakistan where it is sold by British American Tobacco Pakistan.

## ITC In India

ITC launched the brand Gold Flake in India in the 1960s. Initial advertisements were targeted towards adult male SEC A category smokers.
After the introduction of lights as a category, the brand introduced Honeydew Smooth – giving the brand a recognizable differentiator with a dew drop symbol. With smoothness being their biggest selling proposition, the brand used symbols like the silk scarf, feather, paint brush, violin, marble vase, hour glass, and shell as visuals to reiterate and associate themselves with smoothness.
After this, the brand reinvented its image and positioning with a new campaign that moved away from the well-established Honeydew campaign. This was the Go Smooth campaign.

## Marketing

Many poster advertisements have been made for Gold Flake cigarettes, especially in India.
In the early 1900s, two characters by the names of "Mr. Gold" and "Mr. Flake" were introduced to promote the Gold Flake brand in the United Kingdom. The characters were used for about 30 years and were popular, but it did not help the sales of the brand and Gold Flake was discontinued for a short period of time.

## Markets

Gold Flake is mainly sold in India. It was exported to Canada, Jamaica, Ireland, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, Germany, Switzerland, Egypt, South Africa, the Palestinian territories, Nepal, Pakistan and Malaysia.

## Products

The brand has many variations, including Gold Flake Kings (84mm) and Gold Flake Kings Lights (84mm). A 10-pack of Gold Flake quad-core cigarettes costs Rs. 95. Various other variants are available at different prices, and Gold Flake is amongst the top 10 best brands in India.
As of 2013, Gold Flake has been targeting young adult smokers. It extended beyond the SEC A category to the SEC B as well. ITC has launched its smallest size which is of 64 mm and costs 60 Rupees for a 10-pack of cigarettes.

## Sponsorship

Gold Flake was the main sponsor of the Gold Flake Open tennis tournament from 1997 until 2001. It was an ATP tennis tournament held in Chennai, India. The tournament is now known as the Maharashtra Open. The tournament was held from 6 April to 13 April.
# Johann Christoph Gatterer

Johann Christoph Gatterer (13 July 1727 – 5 April 1799) was a German historian who was a native of Lichtenau. He was the father of cameralist Christoph Wilhelm Jacob Gatterer (1759–1838) and poet Magdalena Philippine Engelhard (1756–1831). He was a member of the Göttingen school of history.
From 1747 he studied theology at Altdorf, where his interest later changed to history. In 1752 he became a school teacher of history and geography in Nuremberg, and in 1756 gained his professorship in natural history. In 1759 he was appointed professor of history at the University of Göttingen, where he remained for the next forty years.
Gatterer was a pioneer of "universal history", and with fellow Göttingen historian August Ludwig von Schlözer (1735–1809) he was instrumental in developing a modern, hermeneutical approach to history. He believed that historical events needed to be systematically arranged by describing their causal relationships, rather than simply providing a chronology of events. Gatterer used the phrase nexus rerum universalis to represent "a universal connection of things in the world".
His focus dealt largely with ancillary disciplines such as genealogy, heraldry, diplomatics, and physical geography, and he treated these subjects from a modern scientific viewpoint. Gatterer promoted his ideas on these subjects in the journals Allgemeine historische Bibliothek (1767–1771) and Historisches Journal (1772–1781). Since 1954 the "Johann Christoph-Gatterer Medal" is awarded by the Genealogisch-Heraldische Gesellschaft Göttingen (GHGG) for scientific achievements in the field of genealogy and heraldry.
In 1785 Gatterer estimated that the time span from Creation to the birth of Christ to be 4181 years.

## Selected works

* Handbuch der neuesten Genealogie und Heraldik, 1750 – Handbook on the latest genealogy and heraldry.
* Johann Christoph Gatterers ... Abriss der Heraldik, 1766 – Outline on heraldry.
* Johann Christoph Gatterers Abriss der Chronologie, 1777 – Outline on chronology.
* Abriss der Genealogie, 1788 – Outline on genealogy.
* Johann Christoph Gatterer's Abriss der Diplomatik, 1798 – Outline on diplomatics.
* Johann Christoph Gatterer's Praktische Diplomatik, 1799 – Practical diplomatics.
# Ruben III

Ruben III (Armenian: Ռուբեն Գ), also Roupen III, Rupen III, or Reuben III, (1145 – Monastery of Drazark, May 6, 1187) was the ninth lord of Armenian Cilicia (1175–1187).
Roupen remained always friendly to the Crusaders in spirit. He was a just and good prince, and created many pious foundations within his domains.

## His life

He was the eldest son of Stephen, the third son of Leo I, lord of Armenian Cilicia. His mother was Rita, a daughter of Sempad, Lord of Barbaron. Roupen's father was murdered on February 7, 1165.
Roupen was in charge of Cilicia following the murder of his paternal uncle, Mleh on May 15, 1175.
   He was an excellent prince, compassionate and kind; he ruled the country very well, and was praised by everybody.
On 4 February 1181/3 February 1182 he married Isabella of Toron, daughter of Humphrey III of Toron. Before Roupen's 1188 death, Levon became the new ruler.
   On his return to his own country Rouben was kind and humane to every one, and at his death left the crown to Leon; he gave him many rules concerning the government of the country, and committed to him his daughters, with an injunction not to give them foreign husbands, that the Armenians might not be governed by foreigners and harassed by a tyrant.

## Marriage and children

# (4 February 1181 – 3 February 1182) Isabella of Toron, a daughter of Humphrey III of Toron and Stephanie of Milly
* Alice (1182 – after 1234), the wife firstly of Hethum of Sassoun, secondly of Count Raymond IV of Tripoli, and thirdly of Vahram of Korikos
* Philippa (1183 – before 1219), the wife firstly of Shahanshah of Sassoun, and secondly of Theodore I Laskaris, emperor of Nicaea

## Footnotes

* 1 2 3 4 5 6 Ghazarian, Jacob G. The Armenian Kingdom in Cilicia during the Crusades: The Integration of Cilician Armenians with the Latins (1080–1393).
* 1 2 3 Runciman, Steven. A History of the Crusades – Volume II.: The Kingdom of Jerusalem and the Frankish East: 1100–1187.
* ↑ Gibb, Sir Hamilton A. R. The Rise of Saladin, 1169–1189.
* 1 2 Vahan M. Kurkjian (2005-04-05). "A History of Armenia". Website. Bill Thayer. Retrieved 2009-07-23.
* 1 2 Vahram (2008-09-10). "Chronicle". Text Archive. Internet Archive. Retrieved 2009-07-24.

## Sources

* Gibb, Sir Hamilton A. R. (1969) [1955]. "The Rise of Saladin, 1169–1189". In Setton, Kenneth M.; Baldwin, Marshall W. (eds.). A History of the Crusades, Volume I: The First Hundred Years (Second ed.). Madison, Milwaukee, and London: University of Wisconsin Press. ISBN 0-299-04834-9.
* Ghazarian, Jacob G: The Armenian Kingdom in Cilicia during the Crusades: The Integration of Cilician Armenians with the Latins (1080–1393); RoutledgeCurzon (Taylor & Francis Group), 2000, Abingdon; ISBN 0-7007-1418-9
* Runciman, Steven (1952). A History of the Crusades, Volume II: The Kingdom of Jerusalem and the Frankish East. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
# Sukhvinderjeet Singh Kulwant

Sukhvinderjeet Singh Kulwant (born 29 October 1960) is a Malaysian field hockey player. He competed in the men's tournament at the 1984 Summer Olympics.
# Kanburia

Kanburia is a genus of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae, native to Thailand. The genus was established in 2019. Kanburia species are twining woody vines.

## Description

Kanburia species are robust twining woody vines. Their young stems are covered with soft hairs (pubescent). Their leaves are evergreen and generally have 4 paired leaflets plus a terminal leaflet. The leaflets are 5–15 cm (2.0–5.9 in) long by 2–11 cm (0.8–4.3 in) wide. The erect or pendulous inflorescence is a loose many-flowered terminal panicle, 20–30 cm (8–12 in) long. The individual flowers are 10–15 mm (0.4–0.6 in) long and have the general shape of members of the subfamily Faboideae. The standard petal is 8–10 mm (0.3–0.4 in) long by 8–10 mm (0.3–0.4 in) wide. In K. chlorantha, the standard has a pale green inner surface with a dark green nectar guide. In K. tenasserimensis, the inner surface of the standard is dark purple to maroon with a pale yellow nectar guide. The wing petals are about the same length as the keel at 7–8 mm (0.3–0.3 in) long by 3 mm (0.1 in) wide, with short basal claws. The keel petals are 6–7 mm (0.2–0.3 in) long by 3–3.5 mm (0.1 in) wide, united into a long cup. Nine of the stamens are fused together, the other is free; all curve upwards at the apex. The flattened seed pods are 5–13 cm (2.0–5.1 in) long by 1–1.8 cm (0.4–0.7 in) wide, splitting when ripe to release their 1–6 seeds.

## Taxonomy

The genus Kanburia was established in 2019 following a molecular phylogenetic study which showed that two species that had placed in Callerya when first described in 2016 did not belong with the type species of that genus. The genus name refers to Kanburi, the old name for the province of Kanchanaburi in western Thailand where the type species, K. chlorantha, was discovered.
Kanburia is placed in the tribe Wisterieae, where it forms a clade with the genera Afgekia, Callerya, Serawaia and Whitfordiodendron. The evidence for the separation of Kanburia is primarily molecular.

### Species

As of December 2022, Plants of the World Online accepted two species:
* Kanburia chlorantha (Mattapha & Sirich.) J.Compton, Mattapha, Sirich. & Schrire
* Kanburia tenasserimensis (Mattapha & Sirich.) J.Compton, Mattapha, Sirich. & Schrire
# Karl Vernon

Karl Vernon MM (19 June 1880 – 11 July 1973), sometimes known by his nickname The Bean, was a British rower and coach who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics.

## Life

Vernon was born in Neuenahr, Rheinland-Pfalz, Germany. He joined Thames Rowing Club in around 1904, first appearing at Henley Royal Regatta in 1906, with Julius Beresford as runners-up in Goblets and in a Thames Cup eight (which also included Bruce Logan). Beresford and Vernon were runners-up in Silver Goblets again in 1907 and 1908.
In the Autumn of 1907, having become frustrated by their inability to impress the Thames coaches, Vernon and Beresford formed a new four with Logan and Charlie Rought. These four (with Vernon in the 2 seat) would stay together, on and off, for the next five years, winning the Stewards' Challenge Cup at Henley in 1909 and 1911.
Then, with cox Geoffrey Carr, the Thames Rowing Club coxed four won the silver medal for Great Britain rowing at the 1912 Summer Olympics.
In the First World War, he served with the Royal Army Medical Corps and was awarded the Military Medal.
Vernon later became a regular coach at Thames and at numerous University clubs. In 1954, he had all his trophies and medals melted down and made into a trophy for the Head of the River Race.
He was Captain of Thames from 1930–32 and was elected a Vice President of the Club in 1943. Outside rowing, he was an architect, spending at least some of his career at the London County Council. He also designed an extension to the Thames clubhouse. He was a talented draughtsman and sketcher; Vernon's works were frequently used as prizes in local regattas.
Vernon was a vegetarian, and this led to his lifelong nickname "The Bean".

## Achievements
### Olympic Games

* 1912 – Silver, Coxed Four

### Henley Royal Regatta

* 1909 – Stewards' Challenge Cup
* 1911 – Stewards' Challenge Cup
* 1919 Victory Regatta – Fawley Cup
# Ľubomír Reiter

Ľubomír "Ľuboš" Reiter (born 3 December 1974) is a Slovak former footballer who played as a striker and current manager of Liptovský Mikuláš. Previously, he was manager of MŠK Tesla Stropkov.

## Playing career

Reiter played for Tatran Prešov (1996–99) and MŠK Žilina (1999–2002) in his native Slovakia and then for Sigma Olomouc (2001–05) and Slavia Prague (2007) in the Czech Republic. He scored 15 goals in the 2003-04 season, finishing among the Czech league's top scorers. In 2005, he came to Major League Soccer and the Chicago Fire. However, his season with the Fire was a disappointment, as he only scored three goals and left MLS to go back to his native Slovakia.
At the time of his signing by the Fire, Reiter was a current Slovak international, a rarity for European players in MLS. He had been capped 25 times for his country, scoring eight goals. Reiter was a regular during Slovakia's 2006 World Cup qualification campaign.