OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Walter Tennyson Swingle

Walter Tennyson Swingle (January 8, 1871 – January 19, 1952) was an American agricultural botanist who contributed greatly to the classification and taxonomy of citrus.

## Biography

Swingle was born in Canaan, Pennsylvania, and moved with his family to Kansas two years later.
He graduated from the Kansas State Agricultural College in 1890, and studied at the University of Bonn in 1895–96 and 1898. With William Ashbrook Kellerman he edited the exsiccata Kansas fungi (1889), a specimen series which is widely distributed in major herbaria.
Swingle married Lucie Romstaedt in 1901; she died in 1910. He married Maude Kellerman, daughter of William Ashbrook Kellerman, in 1915 and they had four children. He died in Washington, D.C., on January 19, 1952.
In 1927, botanist Elmer Drew Merrill published Swinglea, which is a genus of flowering plants from the Philippines, belonging to the family Rutaceae and named in Walter Tennyson Swingle's honor.

## Contribution to US agricultural industry

Swingle worked at the United States Department of Agriculture (1891), investigated subtropic fruits, established laboratories in Florida, became an agricultural explorer, and (after 1902) had charge of crop physiology and breeding investigations. He developed the tangelo citrus hybrid in 1897 in Eustis, Florida.
He made several visits to the Mediterranean countries of Europe, to North Africa, and to Asia Minor, from where he introduced the date palm, pistachio nut and other useful plants, as well as the fig wasp, to make possible the cultivation of Smyrna figs in California.
Swingle also traveled to Asia, bringing back 100,000 Chinese volumes on botany to the Library of Congress.
Much of his research is published in the five-volume book, The Citrus Industry, of which he wrote a significant portion.

## Plant anatomy collection

An extensive collection related to Swingle and his life, photos and works entitled the "Swingle Plant Anatomy Reference Collection" is hosted at the University of Miami.

## Selected publications

* The grain smuts: how they are caused and how to prevent them. Farmers' bulletin / United States Department of Agriculture ;no. 75. U.S. Dept. of Agriculture. 1898.
* Swingle, Walter T. (1899). "Diœcism of the fig in its bearing upon caprification". Science. 10 (251): 570–574. Bibcode:1899Sci....10..570S. doi:10.1126/science.10.251.570. PMID 17734391.
* The date palm and its utilization in the southwestern states. United States. Dept. Of agriculture. Bureau of plant industry. Bulletin ;no. 53. Govt. print. off. 1904.
* Citrus ichangensis, a promising, hardy, new species from southwestern China and Assam. 1913.
* Citropsis, a new tropical African genus allied to Citrus. 1914.
* Eremocitrus. 1914.
* Chronologic list of the dissertations of Charles Linnaeus 1743 to 1776. 1923.
* New citrus hybrids. 1931.
* Quarantine procedure to safeguard the introduction of citrus plants : a system of aseptic plant propagation.
# Basil Keith

Sir Basil Keith (c.1734 – 15 November 1777) was a British naval officer and Governor of Jamaica.
He was born the second son of diplomat Robert Murray Keith and the younger brother of Lieutenant-General Robert Keith.
Keith joined the Navy, and was promoted lieutenant in 1756 while serving in HMS Badger. He was raised to commander in 1758 and appointed to HMS Dover. He was finally promoted captain in 1760 and given command in turn of HMS Amazon, Levant, Preston and Pearl.
He was knighted on 10 June 1772 and appointed Governor of Jamaica in February 1773, taking up his post in January 1774.
He died in Jamaica in 1777 and a large marble monument by sculptor Joseph Wilton was erected in his honour in 1780 at St Catherine's Parish Church (St Jago de la Vega church) in the old capital of Spanish Town.
# University of Herzegovina

Herzegovina University (Croatian: Sveučilište Hercegovina, Latin: Universitas Studiorum Hercegoviniensis) was established in 2010 in Medjugorje by merging three independent higher education institutions into University.

## University organization

Herzegovina University consists of two faculties, Faculty of Social Sciences dr Milenko Brkic (FDZMB) and Faculty of International Relations and Diplomacy (FMOD), Center for Research, Education, Development and Training, University Library, University Centers and Student Center.
Study programmes:
- Psychology,
- Special Education and Speech Treatment,
- Pedagogy and Social Pedagogy,
- Early and Pre-School Education,
- Teacher Education,
- Sociology and Political Sciences,
- Management and Public Administration,
- Information and Communication Sciences,
- Tourism,
- Ecology and Environment Protection,
- International Relations and Diplomacy,
- Law in International Relations.

## Memberships

In 2017, Herzegovina University became a member of International Association of Universities (International Association of Universities).
In 2017, Herzegovina University became a member of Association of Rectors of Private Universities in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
In 2021, Herzegovina University became a member of Race to Zero for Universities and Colleges Network.
In 2021, Herzegovina University became a member of GWCN (Global Waste Cleaning Network).
# Ruth Vanita

Ruth Vanita is an Indian academic, activist and author who specialises in British and Indian literary history with a focus on gender and sexuality studies. She also teaches and writes on Hindu philosophy.

## Early life and education

Vanita earned her BA, MA and PhD in English at Delhi University.

## Career

From 1994 to 1997 Vanita was Reader in the Department of English at Delhi University. She is now a professor of English and World Cultures at the University of Montana, where she directs the program in South & South-East Asian Studies.
While living in Delhi in 1978, Vanita co-founded Manushi: A Journal about Women and Society, a journal that combined academic research and grassroots activism. She served as the journal's unpaid, volunteer co-editor from 1979 to 1991.

## Major publications
### Books

* 1994: A Play of Light: Selected Poems
* 1996: Sappho and the Virgin Mary: Same-Sex Love and the English Literary Imagination
* 2005: Love's Rite: Same-Sex Marriage in India and the West
* 2005: Gandhi's Tiger and Sita's Smile: Essays on Gender, Sexuality and Culture
* 2012: Gender, Sex and the City: Urdu Rekhti Poetry in India 1780-1870
* 2017: Dancing with the Nation: Courtesans in Bombay Cinema
* 2020: Memory of Light (a novel)
* 2022: The Dharma of Justice: Debates on Gender Varna and Species
* 2023: The Broken Rainbow: Poems and Translations
* 2024: A Slight Angle (a novel)

### Edited volumes

* 1991 (ed. with Madhu Kishwar): In Search of Answers: Indian Women's Voices from Manushi
* 2000 (ed. with Saleem Kidwai): Same-Sex love in India: Readings from Literature and History
* 2002 (ed.): Queering India: Same-Sex Love and Eroticism in Indian Culture and Society
* 2014 (ed.): India and the World: Postcolonialism, Translation and Indian Literature – Essays in Honour of Professor Harish Trivedi

### Translations

* 1994: Yadav, Rajendra: Strangers on the Roof, translated by Ruth Vanita, Penguin India, 1994 (updated edition with a new introduction 2014)
* 1997: Detha, Vijay Dan. Dilemma and Other Stories
* 2003: Bhandari, Mannu: The Great Feast (Mahabhoj)
* 2006: Sharma, Pandey Bechan ("Ugra"): Chocolate and Other Stories on Male-Male Desire
* 2007: About Me (Apni Khabar) (autobiography of Pande Bechan Sharma Ugra)
* 2008: The Co-Wife and Other Stories by Premchand
* 2013: Alone Together: Selected Stories of Mannu Bhandari, Rajee Seth and Archana Varma
* 2021: My Family by Mahadevi Varma
# Gastrophrenic ligament

The postero-superior surface of the stomach is covered by peritoneum, except over a small area close to the cardiac orifice; this area is limited by the lines of attachment of the gastrophrenic ligament, and lies in apposition with the diaphragm, and frequently with the upper portion of the left suprarenal gland.
# FC Turkestan

FC Turkestan (Kazakh: Түркістан футбол клубы) was a Kazakh football club that was based in Shymkent, Kazakhstan. They were members of the Kazakhstan First Division in 2005, but were not able to finish that season due to financial reasons.

## History
### Names

* 1990 : Founded as Montazhnik
* 1993 : Renamed Yassy
* 2003 : Renamed Yassy-Rakhat
* 2004 : Renamed Yassy-Sayram
* 2005 : Renamed Yassy
* 2023 : Renamed Turkestan

## Honours

* Kazakhstan First Division (1): 2003
# Arcuate popliteal ligament

The arcuate popliteal ligament is an Y-shaped extracapsular ligament of the knee.$^{:138}$ It is formed as a thickening of the posterior fibres of the joint capsule of the knee.$^{:138}$ It reinforces the knee joint capsule inferolaterally.

## Anatomy

From its fibular attachment, the ligament extends superomedially over the tendon of the popliteus muscle, spreading out superficial to the posterior aspect of the tendon.$^{:134}$

### Attachments

Its inferior attachment is at the posterior aspect of the head of the fibula.$^{:138}$
It has two superior attachments:
* The medial part of the ligament extends superficial to the tendon of popliteus muscle$^{:138}$ to attach at the posterior part of the intercondylar area of tibia.$^{:138}$
* The lateral part forms a separate band that extends to the posterior part of the lateral condyle of femur$^{:138}$ alongside the tendon of popliteus muscle.$^{:138}$
# Mothball Mint

Mothball Mint is a solo CD by Kevin Hearn, keyboardist of Barenaked Ladies. This album was produced by Michael Phillip Wojewoda and released in 1997.
Kevin is accompanied on the album by many Toronto-area musicians who were friends of his, including all of the original members of his then-future band, Thin Buckle. One solo track originates from the Chicago Barenaked Ladies show from which the Rock Spectacle album was recorded. The rest of the album was recorded in a studio. All of the studio tracks feature Bob Scott on drums. Bass duties on the album are split between Barenaked Ladies colleague Jim Creeggan, and Chris Gartner. Martin Tielli and Derek Orford each play guitar on several tracks. Various other musicians contribute to the album.
Kevin still plays several songs off the album regularly (and some occasionally) when he plays with Thin Buckle.

## Personnel

* Kevin Hearn – Vocals, guitar, piano, banjo, melodica, accordion, organ, samples
* Bob Scott – Drums, milk jug, train
* Jim Creeggan – Bass, vocals
* Andy Creeggan – Percussion, vocals
* Michael Johnson – Trumpet
* James M. Stager – Trombone
* Michael Phillip Wojewoda – Vocals, tambourine
* Martin Tielli – Guitar
* Derek Orford – Guitar
* Sean Cullen – Vocals, evil hag of the shack
* Don Garbutt – Arp whistle, vocal processing, programming, accordion, technos acxel
* Chris Gartner – Bass
* Anthony Brown – Vocals
* Julie Stewart – Vocals

## Production

* Producers: Michael Phillip Wojewoda
* Assistance: James Paul, Jessica Grant, Tom Heron
* Engineer: Jono Grant, Don Garbutt
* Mastering: Joao Carvalho
* Photography: Harland Williams, Wayne Parent, John Williams, Kevin Hearn
* Designer: Graphicjam Digital Arts
# Eradaa Movement

The Eradaa Movement, (Arabic: حركة إرادة), is an Iraqi political party established by Iraqi MP Hanan Saeed Mohsen al-Fatlawi.

## History

This political party was founded on March 15, 2015 by Iraqi MP Hanan Saeed Mohsen al-Fatlawi. The party won the first official party to be granted the "Eradaa Movement" of Hanan Saeed Mohsen al-Fatlawi from Independent High Electoral Commission.
# Superior auricular ligament

The superior auricular ligament crosses from the spine of the helix to the superior margin of the external auditory meatus.
# Volodymyr Parasyuk

Volodymyr Zinoviyovych Parasyuk (Ukrainian: Володи́мир Зіно́війович Парасю́к; born 9 July 1987) is a Ukrainian military commander and politician who served as a People's Deputy of Ukraine from 27 November 2014 to 29 August 2019. Previously, he served as a member of the Dnipro Battalion and as a protest leader during Euromaidan.

## Biography

Volodymyr Zinoviyovych Parasyuk was born on 9 July 1987 in the village of Maidan, in Ukraine's Lviv Oblast.
Parasyuk took part in the Euromaidan protests, where he was a sotnik (commander) of a group of defenders of the Maidan (a sotnia). He became known for his Euromaidan speech on 21 February 2014, in which he rejected the terms of an agreement between opposition leaders and Ukrainian President Viktor Yanukovych. In his speech, Parasyuk delivered an ultimatum, demanding Yanukovych's resignation and vowing his group would storm Yanukovych's Mezhyhirya Residence at 10 a.m. the next day without it. The next morning, Yanukovych left the country.
Later, Parasyuk fought in the war in Donbas as a member of the Dnipro Battalion, where he was taken prisoner by Russian forces during the battle of Ilovaisk and illegally moved to Rostov on Don. He was later released with other Ukrainian prisoners of war.
He studied in the Faculty of Electronics at Lviv University, specializing in physical and biomedical electronics, but did not graduate from the program. He later studied banking, and in 2016, he graduated from Lviv University with a bachelor's degree in economics.
Parasyuk was a member of the Student Brotherhood of Lviv University and the far-right Congress of Ukrainian Nationalists. He was elected to the Verkhovna Rada during the 2014 Ukrainian parliamentary election. As an independent candidate, Parasyuk won a parliamentary seat in Ukraine's 122nd electoral district with 56.56% of the vote. In the Verkhovna Rada, he joined the inter-factional group Ukrainian Association of Patriots (UKROP).
The Central Election Commission of Ukraine refused Parasyuk to register as a candidate for the snap 2019 Ukrainian parliamentary election because the required deposit was made by an "inappropriate person". This error could not be corrected because Parasyuk submitted his documents for registration on the last day it was possible.
# University of Córdoba (Colombia)

The University of Córdoba (UniCor) is a public, departmental, coeducational, research university based in the city of Montería, Córdoba, Colombia. It was founded in 1974 by Elías Bechara Zainúm. Over the next decade, graduate, nursing, and social work programs were established. Starting in 2024, medical school will be established. UniCor is accredited by the Ministry of National Education.
# Plantar metatarsal ligaments

The plantar metatarsal ligaments are ligaments in the foot.
* This ligament-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Karina Lauridsen

Karina Lauridsen (born 11 December 1976) is a former Paralympic athlete from Denmark. Lauridsen represented her country at the 2008 Summer Paralympics in Beijing winning a bronze and gold medal. She has won multiple medals over three World Championships at both long course and short course events. She has also won a bronze medal as a shot putter in the 2002 IPC World Athletics Championships.

## Personal history

Lauridsen was born in Esbjerg, Denmark. After a parachute accident in 2001 she was left with paralysis in both legs.

## Career history

In 2002 Lauridsen represented Denmark when she took part in the 2002 IPC Athletics World Championships in Lille entering the shot put as a category F55 athlete. There she threw a distance of 7.19m to win the bronze medal. Four years later she was back on the international stage, but she had changed discipline to represent Denmark as a swimmer. In the 2006 IPC Swimming World Championships held in Durban she entered five events winning medals in three, gold in the 150m individual medley SM$ and silver in 50m backstroke S5 and the 50m breaststroke SB3. The next year, at an open meet in Berlin which acted as a qualifier for the 2008 Summer Paralympics, Lauridsen took gold in both the 100m backstroke S5 and the 150m individual medley SM4. Her time in the 100m backstroke of 1:32.91 set a new world record and ensured her a place in the Beijing Paralympic Games.
At the 2008 Summer Paralympics Lauridsen entered four events. She came fifth in the 100m Backstroke S6, which was a strong performance given that she was up against athletes with less severe disabilities, as her S5 category was not run. She finished seventh in 50m freestyle S5, but won a bronze medal in the 50m backstroke S5 and set a world record when she won the 150m medley S5 in a time of 2:47.84. For her success in the 2008 Paralympics, Lauridsen was named Danish Disabled Sportsperson of the Year in 2009.
In 2009, she travelled to Rio de Janeiro to take part in the IPC World short course championships. She returned to Denmark with a bronze, two silvers and a gold in the 50m Breaststroke SB3. At the 2010 IPC Swimming World Championships held in Eindhoven, Lauridsen not only successfully defended her 150m individual medley event, but added a second gold by winning the 50m Breaststroke SB3 along with a bronze in the 50m breaststroke SB3.
# Heinkel HE 7

The Heinkel HE 7 was a reconnaissance torpedo-bomber developed by the German aeronautical company Heinkel Flugzeugwerke in the late 1920s.

## Design

The HE 7 was a low-wing monoplane with floats for sea operations. Because of restrictions imposed by the Versailles Treaty the aircraft did not enter production.

## Specifications

Data from
General characteristics
* Crew: 2-3
* Length: 16 m (52 ft 6 in)
* Wingspan: 24 m (78 ft 9 in)
* Height: 4.25 m (13 ft 11 in)
* Wing area: 93.42 m$^2$ (1,005.6 sq ft)
* Empty weight: 3,800 kg (8,378 lb)
* Gross weight: 6,000 kg (13,228 lb)
* Powerplant: 2 × Siemens Jupiter VI radial engines, 390 kW (520 hp) each
* Propellers: 2-bladed
Performance
* Maximum speed: 200 km/h (120 mph, 110 kn)
* Cruise speed: 175 km/h (109 mph, 94 kn)
* Stall speed: 90 km/h (56 mph, 49 kn)
* Range: 950 km (590 mi, 510 nmi)
* Service ceiling: 2,300 m (7,500 ft)
* Rate of climb: 2.80 m/s (551 ft/min)
# Kieran O'Rourke

Kieran O'Rourke (born 1987) is an Irish hurler who played as a right corner-back for the Limerick senior team.
O'Rourke joined the team during the 2007 National League and was a semi-regular member of the starting fifteen over subsequent seasons.
At club level O'Rourke is a one-time county club championship medalist with Bruree.

## Playing career
### Club

O'Rourke plays his club hurling with Bruree and has enjoyed much success.
In 2006 he lined out in his first hurling championship decider. Patrickswell were the opponents, however, a narrow 1-16 to 1-15 victory gave O'Rourke a Limerick Senior Hurling Championship medal.

### Inter-county

O'Rourke made his senior debut for Limerick in a National League game against Antrim in 2007. He played a number of games during that campaign and was subsequently included on Limerick's championship panel.
After a number of seasons O'Rourke was recalled to the panel in 2010. He made his championship debut that year in a Munster semi-final defeat by Cork.

## Honours
### Team
#### Bruree

* Limerick Senior Club Hurling Championship (1): 2006
# Sarah Marshall (French model)

Sarah Marshall (born 1 June 1981) is a French model and actress.

## Biography

Sarah Marshall is the granddaughter of Michèle Morgan and William Marshall, the daughter of Mike Marshall, the niece of Mike's half-sister, Tonie Marshall, and the great-grandniece of Micheline Presle. She is married to Alexandre Anthony, the son of Richard Anthony. Together they have a son, Zoltan. Alexandre and Sarah have a tumultuous relationship which they describe in their common book, Les Amants du destin.

## Filmography

* Sexy Boys (2001)
* Andalucia (2007)

## Book

* Les Amants du Destin - Sarah Marshall, Alexandre Anthony and Alain Morel - JML Ed. - 1 May 2004 - ISBN 2-84928-061-5
# Cecil Holliday

Cecil Holliday was the Chairman of the Shanghai Municipal Council in 1906. He also served as commandant of the Shanghai Volunteer Corps.

## Biography

Holliday was born in Kersemoor, Manchester in 1857, the youngest son of John Holliday.
Holliday moved to Shanghai in the early 1877 to join Messrs Holliday, Wise & Co., a partnership that had been established by his father soon after China opened to trade in 1842. He was a member of the Shanghai Volunteer Corps and was promoted through its ranks eventually becoming commandant on two occasions.
He was elected to and became chairman of the Shanghai Municipal Council in January 1906. He resigned with effect from 24 August 1906 due to difference with other members of the council over management of the city, in particular it seems the management of the Mixed Court Gaol. He was replaced as Chairman by Henry Keswick Holliday campaigned for greater transparency in council meetings proposing resolutions to allow the public access to their records and to allow the press to attend meetings.
He died on 31 July 1924 at St Marie's Hospital in the French Concession in Shanghai and was buried at the Bubbling Well Road Cemetery at a funeral attended by the British Consul-General, Sidney Barton, and the British Crown Advocate for China, Hiram Parkes Wilkinson. The pall bearers were Sir Edward Pearce and Messrs A.W. Burkill, C.R. Burkill, Calder Marshall, C.H. Arnhold and C.W. Porter.

## Marriage

Holliday was married to Eliza. She died in April 1920. They had one son, John Cecil Hamilton Holliday, who served in the army. John married Eileen Mabel Howden in 1914.
# Paul Raynor

Paul James Raynor (born 29 April 1966) is an English former professional footballer who played as a midfielder. He has worked as assistant manager under Steve Evans at Rotherham United, Leeds United, Mansfield Town, Peterborough United, Gillingham and Stevenage. He is currently at Rotherham United.

## Career

He played in the Football League for Nottingham Forest, Bristol Rovers, Huddersfield Town, Swansea City, Wrexham, Cambridge United, Preston North End (where he briefly played alongside a young David Beckham), and Leyton Orient. He also spent a year in the Chinese Jia-A League with Guangdong Hongyuan.
After leaving Leyton Orient, Raynor moved into non-League football with clubs including Kettering Town, Ilkeston Town, Boston United, King's Lynn, Hednesford Town, where he spent a few months as player-manager, Gainsborough Trinity, Ossett Albion, and then King's Lynn again, to be released at the end of the 2002–03 season, only to rejoin for the next.

## Coaching career

Raynor has coached at clubs Sheffield United and Boston United, where he was assistant manager for a time to Steve Evans. In May 2007 Evans and Raynor left Boston to take over as manager and assistant at Crawley Town, where he occasionally appeared as a player in the Conference. The pair subsequently moved to Rotherham United. On 28 September 2015, Raynor left Rotherham. On 19 October 2015, Raynor joined fellow Championship side Leeds United, once again as assistant to Evans. On 31 May 2016, Evans and Raynor were both sacked by Leeds owner Massimo Cellino, with Evans becoming the sixth manager sacked by Cellino in two years.
In June 2019 Raynor linked up with Evans once again at Gillingham. Both departed the club on 9 January 2022.