OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Zhou Huaren

Zhou Huaren (traditional Chinese: 周化人; simplified Chinese: 周化人; Pinyin:Zhōu Huàrén; Wade–Giles:Chou Hua-jen) (1903 – 1976) was a politician in the Republic of China. He was an important politician during the Wang Jingwei regime. He was born in Huazhou, Guangdong.

## Biography

In 1925, Zhou Huaren entered the University of China in Beijing. In 1929 he entered Beiping University (now, Peking University), where he studied under Gu Mengyu a leader of the Kuomintang's Leftists. Gu introduced Zhou to Wang Jingwei, and in 1933 Zhou was appointed Vice-Chief of the Management Bureau for Jinpu railway on Wang's recommendation. In 1935 Zhou went to the United Kingdom and studied at London University.
In September 1939, Zhou Huaren became involved in Wang Jingwei's faction, and was appointed Vice-Chief of the Bureau for Organization, Kuomintang (Wang's clique). He attended political planning sessions in Beiping (Peking), Shanghai and Hong Kong. In March 1940, the Wang Jingwei Regime was established, with Zhou appointed as the Executive Vice-Minister for Railways.
In the following October, Zhou Huaren was appointed as a Member of the Committee for the Guangdong Provincial Government and the Mayor of Guangzhou Special Municipality. He served in this position until June 1942. In January 1943, he was appointed a Member of the National Economic Committee. In the following July, he was transferred to the Administrative Superintendency of the 1st District in Shanghai Special Municipality (上海特別市第1区行政督察専員).
Just before the collapse of the Wang Jingwei Regime, Zhou Huaren escaped to Jilin. After the Wang Jingwei regime had collapsed, he was arrested by Chiang Kai-shek's National Government, and was imprisoned at Shanghai. But for some reason, he was released and fled to Hong Kong.
In 1976, Zhou Huaren died from an unknown illness in Hong Kong.
# Zhou Longxiang

Zhou Longxiang (Chinese: 周隆庠; pinyin: Zhōu Lóngxiáng; Wade–Giles: Chou Long-hsiang) (1905–1969) was a politician in the Republic of China. He was an important politician during the Wang Jingwei regime. He was born in Wuxi, Jiangsu.

## Biography

He went to Japan where he graduated the Kyushu Imperial University in 1932. Later he returned to China, he became a Japanese interpreter for Wang Jingwei. At the end of 1937, he served the positions in the Bureau for Information of the Ministry for Foreign Affairs.
In May 1938 Zhou Longxiang went to Japan with Gao Zongwu (高宗武) suggested by Wang Jingwei, and negotiated with Japanese Government about peace between China and Japan. In May 1939 Wang escaped from China to Japan and negotiated with Japanese Prime Minister Kiichiro Hiranuma, on that time Zhou served as interpreter for them. Zhou was appointed Central Member of the Kuomintang (Wang's clique) on same August. In November Zhou Longxiang, Zhou Fohai, Tao Xisheng (陶希聖) and Mei Siping (梅思平) negotiated about conditions for peace with Sadaaki Kagesa (影佐禎昭) who was Chief to the 8th Section of the General Staff Headquarters, Imperial Japanese Army.
In March 1940 Zhou Longxiang was appointed Member to the Advisory Committee for Foreign Affairs of the Central Political Committee. In April he was promoted to be Executive Vice-Minister for Foreign Affairs (he took office formally on same July) and Chief to the Bureau for Asia of the Ministry for Foreign Affairs. In June 1941 Zhou visited Japan in the suite of Wang Jingwei, and Zhou served as interpreter. In October Zhou was appointed Political Vice-Minister for Foreign Affairs (his position was reformed to Vice-Minister for Foreign Affairs in January 1943).
In September 1942 Zhou Longxiang was promoted to be Chief Secretary of the Executive Yuan. In November when Wang Jingwei went to Japan for Greater East Asia Conference, Zhou was in Wang's retinue, and served as interpreter. In May 1944 Zhou was appointed Vice-Chief Secretary to the Supreme National Defense Council of the Central Political Committee. In November Wang died in Japan, Zhou was transferred to Chief of the Civil Servant, and served a Japanese interpreter for Chen Gongbo.
After the Wang Jingwei Regime had collapsed, Zhou Longxiang defected to Japan in the suite of Chen Gongbo, but in October 1945 he was extradited to China under diplomatic pressure from Chiang Kai-shek. Later because of the charge of treason and surrender to enemy (namely Hanjian), Zhou was sentenced to life imprisonment.
Zhou Longxiang died of illness at Shanghai in 1969.
# Patrik de Laval

Claude Patrik Gustaf de Laval (14 October 1886 – 29 October 1974) was a Swedish modern pentathlete and sport shooter who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics. He finished 14th in the modern pentathlon and 13th in the 30 metre rapid fire pistol event. His brothers Erik and Georg also competed in shooting and pentathlon at the same Olympics.
# Erich Bessel-Hagen

Erich Bessel-Hagen (12 September 1898 in Charlottenburg – 29 March 1946 in Bonn) was a German mathematician and a historian of mathematics.
Erich Paul Werner Bessel-Hagen was born in 1898 in Charlottenburg, a suburb, later a district in Berlin. He studied at the University of Berlin where in 1920 he obtained a Ph.D. in mathematics under the direction of Constantin Carathéodory.
His reputation was that of a gentleman as well as a conscientious intellect. This was averred in the early 1940s, when the ruling Nazis increased their persecutions of German officials who have Jewish ancestry. After Felix Hausdorff (a professor 30 years his senior) had been retired and placed under restrictions, Bessel-Hagen became the only former colleague who visited him regularly. On noticing that Hausdorff used private math researches to while away time, he started bringing him books he had borrowed from a library which no longer welcomed Jews.
Bessel-Hagen was occasionally the victim of practical jokes at Gottingen, where he studied for seven years. In the first volume of Béla Kerékjártó's topology textbook Vorlesungen über Topologie (1923) the index points the reader trying to find "Bessel-Hagen" to page 151. There is no reference to Bessel-Hagen on this page, but there is a picture of a face-like topological space, intended as a jocular portrait of the big-eared mathematician.
# Hyderabad Golf Club

The Hyderabad Golf club is an 18-hole golf course located in a historic setting in and around Golconda Fort. A project promoted by the Telangana State Tourism Development Corporation and the Hyderabad Golf Association. Hyderabad's first and only public golf course.

## History

Hyderabad Golf club was formed in 1992 with the objective of building a Golf Course to International Standards accessible to civilian residents of the metropolitan area of Hyderabad and its surroundings.

## Location

The Hyderabad Golf Club is located just opposite the Qutb Shahi Tombs and shadow of the historic Golconda Fort

## Facilities

An 18-hole, 6057 yard, Par 71 golf course, with water bodies and vast greens along with training facilities such as a Golf Academy, Driving Range, and a club house.

## Controversies

In 2010, the Hyderabad Golf Club set up an illegal golf course within the premises of the historic Naya Qila, which has resulted in outrage among heritage activists. Against ASI rules, the golf course restricted tourists' entry to the fort. As of 2019, the course is still active.
# Zou Rong

Zou Rong (Chinese: 鄒容; pinyin: Zōu Róng; Wade–Giles: Tsou Jung; 1885 – 1905) was a Han Chinese nationalist and revolutionary martyr of the anti-Manchu movement. He was born in Chongqing, Sichuan Province, his ancestors having moved there from Meizhou, Guangdong area. Zou was sent to Japan at an early age, where he studied and observed Japanese modernization.
When he returned to China, he started to write essays on how to free the Chinese nation from the Manchu regime and foreign imperialism. In 1903, he published a book on this topic: The Revolutionary Army (革命軍; Gémìng Jūn). The deeply patriotic book, informed by Republicanism and Social Darwinist racial theories, was widely read and had a profound influence on the revolutionary movement. Thousands of copies of the book were distributed internationally by Sun Yat-sen in support of the revolutionary cause.
Zou found the Qing government unable to deal with the contemporary crisis of colonization, weakness and corruption. For Zou, the Manchu were the source of China's inability to overcome traditional obstacles for modern reforms and he analyzed their mistakes and weaknesses point by point. Moreover, he condemned China's traditional monarchical system, which had made the Han Chinese "slaves" rather than "citizens." He was also influenced by racialist Han ideology, as evidenced in his distaste for the Manchu governing class, as he advocated “genocide [of] the five million and more of the furry and horned Manchu race, cleansing ourselves of 260 years of harsh and unremitting pain, so that the soil of the Chinese subcontinent is made immaculate, and the descendants of the Yellow Emperor will all become Washingtons.”
His calls for sovereignty of the Chinese people included the establishment of a parliament, equal rights for women, freedom of speech and freedom of the press. These seemingly liberal ideals were underpinned by a potentially genocidal ethnic nationalism; it was not the liberty of the individual, but the sovereignty of the ethnic nation-state ("A man cannot live without his country") that formed the foundations for the Republic of China as envisioned by Zou Rong.
Zou lived in a foreign concession in Shanghai where he enjoyed extraterritorial rights and could not be sentenced to death by a Qing Court. Instead, he was closely associated with Zhang Binglin and implicated in the Su Bao incident as a result, which rendered him a prison sentence of two years; he fell ill while incarcerated and died in April 1905 at the age of 20.
# Lambda Boötis

Lambda Boötis (λ Boötis, abbreviated Lam Boo, λ Boo), also named Xuange (/ˈʃwɛnɡə/), is a star in the northern constellation of Boötes. Based on parallax measurements, it is approximately 99 light-years from the Sun.
Lambda Boötis is a white A-type main sequence dwarf with an apparent magnitude of +4.18. It is the prototype of a group of rare stars known as Lambda Boötis stars, all of which are dwarf stars with unusually low abundances of metals in their spectra. Its diameter has been directly measured to be 1.7 times that of the Sun.

## Nomenclature

λ Boötis (Latinised to Lambda Boötis) is the star's Bayer designation.
In Chinese astronomy, Lambda Boötis is called 玄戈, Pinyin: Xuángē, meaning 'sombre lance', because this star is marking itself and standing alone in the Sombre Lance asterism, Purple Forbidden enclosure (see : Chinese constellations). 玄戈 (Xuángē) westernized into Heuen Ko, but that name was assigned to Gamma Boötis by R.H. Allen, with the meaning of 'the heavenly spear'. In 2016, the IAU organized a Working Group on Star Names (WGSN) to catalog and standardize proper names for stars. The WGSN approved the name Xuange for Lambda Boötis on 30 June 2017 and it is now so included in the List of IAU-approved Star Names.
This star, along with the Aselli (Theta Boötis, Iota Boötis and Kappa Boötis), were Al Aulād al Dhiʼbah (ألعولد ألذعب - al aulād al dhiʼb), "the Whelps of the Hyenas". Al Aulād al Dhiʼbah or Aulad al Thiba was the title of this star in a 1971 NASA memorandum.
# Change Remains

Change Remains is the fourth studio album by the American band Starlight Mints, released in 2009. The band supported the album with a North American tour. They broke up shortly after the tour's conclusion.

## Critical reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| Pitchfork | 4.6/10 |
The McClatchy-Tribune News Service called the album "a pop-friendly, danceable concoction of quirk—it mixes violins, eerie bells, funky guitar riffs, xylophones and theremin, and washes it all down with a sugary-sticky swig of psychedelic Kool-Aid." The Star Tribune labeled it "a fun fermentation of a kitchen sink of sounds—from cheesy space-age electronica to Prince—with written-on-acid lyrics."

## Track listing

* "Coffins 'r' Us" – 1:49
* "Natural" – 2:41
* "Paralyzed" – 3:50
* "Zoomba" – 3:34
* "Black Champagne" – 3:24
* "Power Bleed" – 3:25
* "Gazeretti" – 2:48
* "Sesame (Untie the Wrath)" – 3:49
* "Snorkel with a Turtle" – 1:53
* "40 Fingers" – 3:46
# Gonbad, Hamadan

Gonbad (Persian: گنبد) is a village in, and the capital of, Gonbad Rural District of the Central District of Hamadan County, Hamadan province, Iran.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the village's population was 3,916 in 893 households. The following census in 2011 counted 3,233 people in 922 households. The 2016 census measured the population of the village as 2,991 people in 927 households. It was the most populous village in its rural district.
# Kulp, Turkey

Kulp (Kurdish: Pasûr, Ottoman Turkish: قولب, romanized: Qulb, central district: Ottoman Turkish: پاصور, romanized: Pasur, Armenian: Խուլփ, romanized: Khulp) is a municipality and district of Diyarbakır Province, Turkey. Its area is 1,493 km$^2$, and its population is 34,357 (2022). It is populated by Kurds.

## History

The Kulp region gained importance as a center for the Kurdish chiefdoms in Kulp itself and nearby Zeyrek (to the west).
In 1993 Kulp was under siege by the Workers Party of Kurdistan (PKK). Inhabitants whom the Turkish Government suspected of siding with the PKK were resettled to Diyarbakir.

## Politics

In the local elections on the 31 March 2019 Mehmet Fatih Taş of the Peoples' Democratic Party (HDP) was elected Mayor. But he was dismissed by the Ministry of the Interior due to an investigation relating to a terrorist attack. Kaymakam Mustafa Gözlet acts as a trustee instead.

## Demographics

Until the 15th century, the area was inhabited by Armenians only. Then nomadic Kurdish tribes started to settle in the area. On the eve of the First World War, more than 5,000 Armenians lived in the kaza, especially in:
* Endzakar (Ընձաքարի, now Ağaçkorur): 140 inhabitants,
* Gazken (now Ağaçlı): 2,000 houses, 100 Armenians,
* Aharonk (now Karabulak, Kulp),
* Ehub (Eyub, now Yaylak),
* Geghervank (Geghervan, Yüklüce in Turkish, merged with Ağaçkorur),
* Shughek (now Argunköy),
* Pasur (now Kulp proper): rural town with 40 Armenian and 40 Kurdish houses.
Many Armenians converted to Islam and were linguistically Kurdified. Many of them joined the Kurdish movement.

## Culture

Some Armenian cultural features have been preserved such as Armenian dances and Armenian cuisine.

## Composition

There are 58 neighbourhoods in Kulp District:
* Ağaçkorur
* Ağaçlı
* Ağıllı
* Akbulak
* Akçasır
* Akdoruk
* Alaca
* Argunköy
* Aşağıelmalı
* Aygün
* Ayhanköy
* Bağcılar
* Baloğlu
* Barın
* Başbuğ
* Bayırköy
* Çağlayan
* Çukurca
* Demirli
* Dolun
* Düzce
* Güleç
* Güllük
* Hamzalı
* İnkaya
* İslamköy
* Kamışlı
* Karaağaç
* Karabulak
* Karaorman
* Karpuzlu
* Kayacık
* Kayahan
* Kaynak
* Koçkar
* Konuklu
* Kurudere
* Merkez Eski
* Merkez Yeni
* Narlıca
* Özbek
* Salkımlı
* Saltukköy
* Taşköprü
* Temren
* Tepecik
* Turgut Özal
* Tuzlaköy
* Üçkuyu
* Ünal
* Uygur
* Uzunova
* Yakıtköy
* Yayıkköy
* Yaylak
* Yeşilköy
* Yuvacık
* Zeyrek
# List of colleges and universities in Tehran

Tehran's universities in alphabetic order are:
* Allameh Tabataba'i University
* Alzahra University
* Amirkabir University of Technology
* Iran University of Science and Technology
* Kharazmi University
* K.N.Toosi University of Technology
* Shahid Beheshti University
* Sharif University of Technology
* Tarbiat Modares University
* Tehran University of Art
* University of Tehran
MSRT (University systems):
* Payame Noor University
* Technical and Vocational University
* University of Applied Science and Technology
MOHME:
* Iran University of Medical Sciences
* Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences
* Tehran University of Medical Sciences
* University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences
Other Public:
* AJA University of Medical Sciences
* Amin Police University
* Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences
* Civil Aviation Technology College
* Farhangian University
* Imam Hossein University
* Iran Broadcasting University
* Malek Ashtar University of Technology
* Shahed University
* Shahid Motahari University
* Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University
* University of Judicial Sciences and Administrative Services
Private:
Science and Research, Central Tehran, South Tehran, North Tehran, West Tehran and Medical Tehran
Imam Sadeq University
Soore University
# Abshineh

Abshineh (Persian: ابشينه) is a village in, and the capital of, Sangestan Rural District of the Central District of Hamadan County, Hamadan province, Iran.

## Etymology

The name Ābshīneh is derived from Western Middle Iranian *āp-šēnag, which ultimately comes from Proto-Iranian *āp- + *xšaina- + *-ka-. The first element means "water", and the second means "shiny". Thus, the name Ābshīneh originally meant "a place where the water shines".

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the village's population was 1,356 in 372 households. The following census in 2011 counted 1,425 people in 417 households. The 2016 census measured the population of the village as 1,429 people in 427 households.
# Tas-Kystabyt

The Tas-Kystabyt (Russian: Тас-Кыстабыт, Yakut: Таас Кыстаабыт, romanized: Tâs Kıstâbıt) is a mountain range in the Sakha Republic and Magadan Oblast, Far Eastern Federal District, Russia. It is also known as "хребе́т Са́рычева" —Sarychev Range, in honor of 19th century Russian cartographer Admiral Gavril Sarychev.

## Geography

The Tas-Kystabyt rises in the southeasternmost sector of the Chersky Range System. The range is bound by the upper Indigirka River valley and its tributary, the Nera River. The highest mountain of the range is an unnamed 2,341 metres (7,680 ft) high summit.
The range stretches in a roughly NNW/SSE direction for about 175 kilometers (109 mi). It separates the Oymyakon Plateau to the west from the Nera Plateau to the northeast. To the east it is bound by the Upper Kolyma Highlands and to the south it overlaps with the Suntar Khayata Range.

## Flora

The lower slopes of the range are covered by sparse larch taiga. The higher elevations have only mountain tundra.
# Firstpost

Firstpost is an Indian news website owned by Network18 Group, which also runs CNN-News18 and CNBC TV18.
The Network 18 group was originally owned by Raghav Bahl. In January 2012, the group received an investment from Mukesh Ambani's Reliance Industries through a rights issue of up to ₹27,000,000,000.

## History

Firstpost began in 2011 as an online news portal of Network18. In May 2013, the news group was merged with the Indian edition of Forbes India whose four top editorial heads, including editor in chief Indrajit Gupta, were dismissed. The event led to a media furor. Thereafter on 31 May 2013, Firstpost took over a satirical website Fakingnews.com for an undisclosed amount. According to Scroll.in, "Network18, with its online outlet FirstPost, famously lost its primetime anchors in 2014 because of a diktat against criticising Modi."
In 2015, The Caravan reported on censorship in Firstpost over criticism of political leaders such as Arun Jaitley. In January 2019, a weekly English-language print edition of Firstpost began, and then ended in June 2019, with publication of Firstpost continuing online. As of April 2020, Jaideep Giridhar is the executive editor of Firstpost in Mumbai, while Sanjay Singh is the deputy executive editor. On 26 January 2023, the prime-time show Vantage was launched, hosted by managing editor Palki Sharma Upadhyay, formerly of WION.
Fact-checkers have found the Firstpost to have posted incorrect information on multiple occasions. In 2023, it misreported photo of a grave with iron grille to be from Pakistan when it was from Hyderabad, India. In 2023, it falsely reported that Atiq Ahmed's vote had ‘Saved' the UPA Govt in 2008.
# Madhepura (community development block)

Madhepura is one of the administrative divisions of Madhepura district in the Indian state of Bihar. The block headquarters are located at a distance of 2 km from the district headquarters, namely, Madhepura.

## Geography

Madhepura is located at 25°55′01″N 86°46′43″E﻿ / ﻿25.91694°N 86.77861°E﻿ / 25.91694; 86.77861.

### Panchayats

Panchayats in Madhepura community development block are: Barahi, Sahugarh 1, ganeshsthan, Sahugarh 2, Mathahi, Balam Gadhiya, Khopaiti Tuniahi, Sukhasan, Madanpur, Madhuban, Manikpur, Tulsibari rajpur malia, Sakarpura Betona, Mahesua, Dhurgawn, Bhadaul Budhma, Murho, Manpur and Bhelwa.

## Demographics

In the 2001 census, Madhepura Block had a population of 194,620.
# Falcon F7

The Falcon F7 is sports car manufactured by Falcon Motorsports.

## Overview

The design process of the supercar according to the concept of American designer Jeff Lemke began in 2009, in parallel with the founding of Falcon Motorsports. The premiere of the vehicle was preceded by the debut of the pre-production prototype at the North American International Auto Show, and finally the production model, the F7, was presented at the same exhibition two years later.
Visually, the Falcon F7 was distinguished by an aggressively styled silhouette with a low-set front apron decorated with two wide air inlets and narrow, upturned headlights. The two-door, two-seater body was equipped with the function of a removable roof on the section from the glass to the seats.
The F7 was powered by a 7.0 L LS7 V8 engine, which had a capacity of 7 liters and a power of 629 HP, transferring power to the rear axle in cooperation with a 6-speed manual transmission. The car reached 0–60 mph (0–97 km/h) in 3.3 seconds, and the maximum speed was about 200 mph (320 km/h).

## Production

The FF7 was a limited production car. The manufacturer, of which decided to produce in a strictly limited series, limited to 7 copies, after its premiere in 2012 systematically left the Michigan plants. At the time of its release, the price of this supercar was US$ 225,000.
# Telecommunications in Montserrat

"none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive; see [[WP:SDNONE]] Montserrat possesses a number of telecommunications systems, including mobile and main line telephone, radio and television. The country code for Montserrat in the Domain Name System of the Internet is ".ms". Telephony uses the area code 664.
According to a July 2016 estimate by the CIA, Montserrat's fully digitalized telephone service had 3,000 subscribers while an estimated 5,000 mobile handsets were in use. An estimated 2,860 users have internet access.
There are 17 internet service providers.
Montserrat possesses an AM radio station, and 2 FM stations. These serve 7,000 radios (by 1997 figures). There is one television broadcast station, which in 1997 was serving 3,000 televisions; the Peoples Television (PTV) is a free service providing news, documentaries, commercials and entertainment. Cable and satellite television service is also available.
# SN 1000+0216

SN 1000+0216 was an extremely remote superluminous supernova (SLSN), which occurred in between June and November 2006 in the constellation Sextans. Its peak far-ultraviolet absolute magnitude reached −21.5, which exceeded the total absolute magnitude of its host galaxy. The distance (redshift) to this supernova z=3.8993 ± 0.0074 makes it the most distant supernova observed as of 2012.
The luminosity of SN 1000+0216 evolved slowly over several years as it was still detectable in November 2008. Both the high luminosity and slow decay indicate that the supernova's progenitor was a very massive star. The supernova explosion itself was likely either a pair-instability supernova or a pulsational pair-instability supernova similar to the SN 2007bi event. It also had some similarities to the low redshift SN 2006gy supernova. Overall classification of SN 1000+0216 remains uncertain.