OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 2009 Little Caesars Pizza Bowl

The 2009 Little Caesars Pizza Bowl was an NCAA-sanctioned bowl game (previously the Motor City Bowl game) played at 1:00 p.m. EST on December 26, 2009, at Ford Field in Detroit, Michigan and aired on ESPN.
The game was the 13th installment of the bowl game played in Detroit. The Marshall Thundering Herd of Conference USA defeated the Ohio Bobcats, champion of the East Division of the Mid-American Conference, 21–17, giving the Thundering Herd a seven-win season. A lack of eligible teams from the Big Ten Conference made a spot available in the game for Marshall.
Line judge Sarah Thomas became the first woman to officiate a college football bowl game.

## Teams

The 2009 game marked an unexpected renewal of the Battle for the Bell, the rivalry between the two nearby teams (about 80 miles (130 km) apart), which had been on hiatus since Marshall's move from the MAC to C-USA in 2005. The teams were both members of the Mid-American Conference from 1997 to 2004 and were meeting for the 53rd time. Marshall and Ohio planned to renew their rivalry in 2010.
This marked Ohio's first trip to the Little Caesars Pizza Bowl and only the fourth time in the school's history that they appeared in a bowl game. Marshall was playing in its fifth Little Caesars Pizza Bowl but first since joining Conference USA, as they had qualified for the then-Motor City Bowl in its first four playings as MAC Champions. In those four games Marshall had only lost once. Marshall was coached by its defensive coordinator/interim head coach, Rick Minter. Minter, who was previously the head coach for the Cincinnati Bearcats took over as Marshall's temporary head coach after Mark Snyder resigned at the conclusion of the regular season.

## Game summary

Ohio wore their home green jerseys and Marshall wore their white away jerseys.
Defense dominated the game as Marshall was held to 275 yards of total offense, while Ohio only managed 123, including just 12 yards rushing. Ohio also recovered a fumble for a touchdown and Marshall returned a punt for a score. Marshall's Martin Ward was named the game's MVP as he rushed for 72 yards on nine carries and recorded two touchdowns. Theo Scott threw for 111 yards and a touchdown pass to lead the Bobcats.
The bowl game drew a record-low 30,311 fans. Just two years before, more than twice as many people watched Purdue beat Central Michigan in Detroit. The game attracted fewer than 40,000 only once before when Marshall beat Louisville in 1998 at the Pontiac Silverdome.

### Scoring summary

| Scoring Play | Score |
| 1st Quarter ||
| MAR – Martin Ward 12-yard run (Craig Ratanamorn kick), 1:17 | MAR 7–0 |
| MAR – Andre Booker 58-yard punt return (Craig Ratanamorn kick), 0:00 | MAR 14–0 |
| 2nd Quarter ||
| MAR – Martin Ward 2-yard run (Craig Ratanamorn kick), 7:50 | MAR 21–0 |
| OHIO – Shannon Ballard 75-yard fumble recovery return (Matt Weller kick), 5:25 | MAR 21–7 |
| 3rd Quarter ||
| OHIO – Terrence McCrae 8-yard pass from Theo Scott (Matt Weller kick), 7:11 | MAR 21–14 |
| OHIO – Matt Weller 46 yard, 4:38 | MAR 21–17 |
| 4th Quarter ||
| No scoring | MAR 21–17 |
# Glass code

A glass code is a method of classifying glasses for optical use, such as the manufacture of lenses and prisms. There are many different types of glass with different compositions and optical properties, and a glass code is used to distinguish between them.
There are several different glass classification schemes in use, most based on the catalogue systems used by glass manufacturers such as Pilkington and Schott Glass. These tend to be based on the material composition, for example BK7 is the Schott Glass classification of a common borosilicate crown glass.

## Technical definition

The international glass code is based on U.S. military standard MIL-G-174, and is a six-digit number specifying the glass according to its refractive index n$_d$ at the Fraunhofer d- (or D$_3$-) line, 589.3 nm, and its Abbe number V$_d$ also taken at that line. The resulting glass code is the value of n$_d$ − 1 rounded to three digits, followed by V$_d$ rounded to three digits, with all decimal points ignored. For example, BK7 has n$_d$ = 1.5168 and V$_d$ = 64.17, giving a six-digit glass code of 517642.
Consequently, a linear approximation for the refractive index dispersion close that wavelength is given by:
       $n(\lambda )={\frac {1-n_{\mathsf {d}}}{170.2V_{\mathsf {d}}}}(\lambda -589.3)+n_{\mathsf {d}}\ ,$
where $\lambda$ is the wavelength in nanometers.
The following table shows some example glasses and their glass code. Note that the glass properties can vary slightly between different manufacturer types.
| Glass | n$_d$ | V$_d$ | Glass code | Manufacturer name | Manufacturer name | Manufacturer name | Manufacturer name |
| Glass | n$_d$ | V$_d$ | Glass code | Schott | Pilkington | Hoya | Ohara |
| Borosilicate crown | 1.5168 | 64.17 | 517642 | BK7 | BSC517642 | BSC7 | S-BSL7 |
| Barium crown | 1.5688 | 56.05 | 569561 | BaK4 | MBC569561 | BaC4 | S-BAL14 |
| Dense crown | 1.6204 | 60.32 | 620603 | SK16 | DBC620603 | BaCD16 | S-BSM16 |
| Lanthanum flint | 1.7439 | 44.85 | 744448 | LaF2 | LAF744447 | LaF2 | S-LAM2 |
| Dense flint | 1.7847 | 25.76 | 785258 | SF11 | DEDF785258 | FD11 | S-TIH11 |
# Rafael Cuevas

Rafael Cuevas Sánchez (born 16 June 1980) is a Mexican retired football goalkeeper. He is currently the goalkeeper coach for Club America's first team under Ricardo LaVolpe.
He is known to teammates and fans as "Higuita", due to his resemblance to Colombian goalkeeper René Higuita.

## Honors
### Club
#### Atlante F.C.

* Apertura 2007
# 2003 Estonia national football team

The 2003 season was the 12th full year of competitive football in the Baltic country as an independent nation. The Estonia national football team played a total number of seventeen international matches in 2003. The team ended up in fourth place in European Qualification Group 8 for Euro 2004, with two wins, two draws and four defeats.
# Lawrence Walford

Lawrence (Larry) Walford is a British television producer and director.
Walford's film Catching The Tax Dodgers was described by The Guardian as "a nuanced piece of storytelling, peppered with fascinating human anthropology, a surprising, fascinating piece of television, full of unexpected wonder."
His company FORM Films won the Royal Television Society Award for Best Factual Series for The Boats that Built Britain.

## Notable Television

* The Commuters 1998
* Hitlers Third Reich 1998
* Living In The Dead Zone, 1999 Editor
* County Kilburn, 2000 Editor
* The Ante, 2001
* Fame Academy, 2002 Series Editor
* Boat Yard, 2005 Executive Producer
* Floating Kitchen, 2007 Executive Producer
* The Real Pink Panther, 2008 Executive Producer
* Twitchers A Very British Obsession, 2010 Executive Producer
* Boats that Built Britain, 2011 Series Director
* Reza Spice Prince of India, 2013 Executive Producer
* The Restoration Man, 2014 Series Producer
* Ross Kemp's Britain, 2015 Series Producer
* Ill Gotten Gains, 2016 to 2020 Executive Producer
* Catching The Tax Dodgers, 2017 Producer and Director
* How To Start An Airline, 2018 Executive Producer
* The Real Bling Ring : Hollywood Heist, 2022 Executive Producer
* Hotel Custody, 2022 Executive Producer
* Italia 90: When Football Changed Forever ,|2022 Executive Producer
* Jared From Subway: Catching A Monster ,|2023 Executive Producer
* SAS: Catching The Criminals ,|2024 Executive Producer
# Peronia verruculata

Peronia verruculata is a species of air-breathing sea slug, a shell-less marine pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Onchidiidae.

## Distribution

This species is distributed in the Indian Ocean along Madagascar.

## Human Use

In the Philippines, Peronia verruculata, is considered a delicacy in certain coastal communities. The slug is typically harvested from intertidal areas and consumed raw with simple sauces made from kalamansi with soy sauce.
# Wilson Sanches Leal

Wilson José Sanches Leal (born April 15, 1985) is a Portuguese footballer who plays as a midfielder for Viry-Châtillon. He previously played club football for Cannes, Créteil, for whom he made 17 appearances in Ligue 2, Cherbourg, Drancy and Villemomble. In international football, he represented Portugal at under-17 level.

## Personal life

Sanches Leal was born in Setúbal, Portugal, but raised in the Grigny suburb of Paris. After his professional football career ended, he started a building firm in Paris.

## Football career

Sanches Leal began his football career as a youngster with his local club, Viry-Châtillon, before joining the youth system of Cannes. While with Cannes, he won six caps for Portugal at under-17 level, which included all three of Portugal's group matches at the 2002 UEFA Under-17 Championships. He played once for the club's first team in the Championnat National (the third tier of French football) before returning to the Paris area in summer 2004 where he joined Créteil, primarily as a backup player.
He made his Ligue 2 debut on July 29, 2005, as a second-half substitute in a 3–2 victory over Caen. Over the 2005–06 season, he appeared in seventeen Ligue 2 matches, and was rewarded with his first professional contract. Sanches Leal spent the following season on loan at Cherbourg, where he scored twice from 25 appearances in the Championnat National. A groin injury sustained shortly before the end of the season kept him out until December 2007, when he returned to action with Créteil's reserves. He made two assists on his return to the first team – who had been relegated in his absence – in January, and finished the season with 13 league appearances. He played only infrequently in 2008–09, and left the club at the end of the season.
After a trial, he signed for Drancy, bottom of the Championnat de France amateur (CFA). The new blood helped Drancy retain their fourth-tier status, and Sanches Leal moved sideways, to Villemomble. In January 2011, he walked out of the stadium before the start of a match against Noisy to express his unhappiness at being omitted from the starting eleven. He did not play for the club again, only returning to football in June 2012 after more than a year out, when he signed for CFA club Viry-Châtillon, for whom he had played as a youngster.
# HomeGrocer

HomeGrocer.com, Inc. was an online supermarket business.
The company was originally started in 1997 by Terry Drayton, Mike Donald, James Fierro and Ken Deering.

## History

The product selection was a complete alternative to the traditional supermarket at comparable prices with a reputation they earned for top quality fresh produce, seafood and meat.
Deliveries were made in custom tri-temperature trucks with the distinctive HomeGrocer peach logo.
Customer support was very strong and new facilities were opened in Portland, OR in May 1999, in Renton, WA in September 1999, in Irvine, CA in October 1999, in Fullerton, CA in January 2000, in Carson, CA in February 2000 in Azusa, CA in March, 2000, in San Diego, CA in April 2000 and in Dallas, TX in May, 2000.
Each of these new facilities operated 7 days a week and all were 100,000 sq ft (9,300 m$^2$) with 50 delivery vehicles and a staff of 200. Daily sales reached over $1M per day by June 2000, at which time a total of 16 additional HomeGrocer facilities were under construction in markets including Atlanta, GA, Chicago, IL, Washington, DC. and Denver, CO.
HomeGrocer developed all of its own technology including its award winning website, its wireless picking systems that used WiFi, and its driver "smart phones", all years before they were mainstream.
HomeGrocer completed a $288M IPO in March 2000 underwritten by Morgan Stanley and DLJ but needed more capital to meet the aggressive roll-out that was already well underway. With the onset of the dot-com boom, this capital became unavailable at any price, thereby leaving the company few alternatives to survive. In September 2000, stockholders approved a $1.2B all stock buyout by the cash-rich competitor Webvan of the much larger HomeGrocer.com.
HomeGrocer was rebranded to Webvan, the management team fired and the technology and processes converted to Webvan. The Webvan technology did not work very well and their execution was poor. Most telling, the eight different HomeGrocer facilities converted to Webvan saw overnight sales declines of one-third, then over 50% within two weeks and never recovered. Formerly profitable HomeGrocer facilities quickly ended up with significant losses. Studies of what happened after the merger were not kind to the original Webvan management who spent over $500M before going bankrupt less than a year later.
HomeGrocer sales peaked in November 2000 at over $1.5M, per day making it the largest Internet grocery business ever created, until UK-based Ocado exceeded it in 2010. The HomeGrocer brand was purchased out of bankruptcy and eventually ended up being owned by Amazon.com.

## Funding

HomeGrocer raised a total of $440M in investments from Kleiner Perkins Caufield & Byers, Amazon.com, John Malone of Liberty Media, Solstice, Martha Stewart and Jim Barksdale.
# Jean Kazez

Jean Kazez is an American philosopher who writes on applied ethics, including questions around animals, gender, and parenthood. She teaches at the Southern Methodist University and is an editor of The Philosophers' Magazine.

## Education and career

Kazez read for BAs in philosophy and classics at Pennsylvania State University, graduating in 1977. She went on to read for an MA in philosophy at Boston University, graduating in 1985, and then a PhD in philosophy at the University of Arizona. Her thesis, Mental representation and causal explanation, which she submitted in 1990, was supervised by Rob Cummins.
Kazez lectured for a year at the University of Texas, Austin before taking up an assistant professorship at the Southern Methodist University (SMU) in 1991. She resigned in 1996, and has since taught as an adjunct at SMU.

## Work

Kazez's first book was 2007's The Weight of Things: Philosophy and the Good Life, which argues that there are many ways to live well through engagement with historical and contemporary philosophers. Her second was 2010's Animalkind: What We Owe to Animals, which offered an introduction to animal ethics. Kazez criticizes many ways that animals are used, but also rejects philosophical views that, in her view, elevate animals too much, defending a sliding scale of value. Her third book was The Philosophical Parent: Asking the Hard Questions about Having and Raising Children, which was published in 2017. In The Philosophical Parent, in addition to offering some practical advice to parents, Kazez surveys a range of questions explored in philosophical work about parenting. Kazez's public philosophy includes contributing The Philosophers' Magazine in various editorial and columnist capacities.

## Selected publications

* 1994. "Computationalism and the Causal Role of Content", Philosophical Studies 75: 231-260. doi:10.1007/BF00989583
* 2007. The Weight of Things: Philosophy and the Good Life. Wiley-Blackwell.
* 2010. Animalkind: What We Owe to Animals, Wiley-Blackwell.
* 2017. The Philosophical Parent: Asking the Hard Questions about Having and Raising Children, Oxford University Press.
* 2018. "The Taste Issue in Animal Ethics", Journal of Applied Philosophy 35 (4): 661-74. doi:10.1111/japp.12278
* 2023. "Old Age as a Stage of Life", Journal of Applied Philosophy 40 (3): 521-34. doi:10.1111/japp.12646
# Rat-on-a-stick

Rat-on-a-stick, also referred to as rat kebab, is a dish or snack consisting of a roasted rat served on a stick or skewer. The dish is consumed in Thailand and Vietnam. Prior to roasting, the rat is typically skinned and washed, after which it is gutted to remove its internal organs and then roasted.

## By country

Rat meat is considered by some people in South Vietnam, East and Northeast India, and Thailand to be a delicacy. In recent times, its popularity has increased in both countries. It is also served as a street food in these countries. Rat kebab became so popular it also started to appear in a number of elegant restaurants. Rat kebab is also a dish in some Cantonese recipes.

## Source of rats

According to a BBC report, the rats are wild, and caught by professionals using traps.

## In popular culture

Rat-on-a-stick has been consumed by contestants on the U.S. reality television show Survivor.
On 14 March 2019, Vietnamese rat meat has been featured on National Geographic.
In the movie Demolition Man, Sylvester Stallone's character inadvertently orders a hamburger made of rat meat.
# Rafael Cid

Rafael Cid Martínez (born June 2, 1995) is a former Mexican professional footballer who last played for Cruz Azul Hidalgo on loan from UNAM.
# Frank Trigg (educator)

Frank John Trigg Jr. (c. 1850–1933) was an American educator, academic administrator, and college president. He served as the 8th president of Bennett College, a historically black women's college in Greensboro, North Carolina. Trigg was the first black male teacher and the first Black high school principal in the city of Lynchburg, Virginia.

## Early life and education

Frank Trigg was born in c. 1850, in Abingdon, Virginia, United States to enslaved parents Sarah Ann and Frank Trigg. Some records described him as "mulatto". He was born enslaved, and owned by John Buchanan Floyd, the 31st Governor of Virginia. Trigg lost his right arm in a threshing accident at age 13. After Floyd's death in 1863, Trigg who now had one arm was inherited by Floyd's son-in-law named Hughes, who suggested Trigg start his education since he could no longer be a physical worker.
In 1870, he enrolled at Hampton Institute (now Hampton University), where he met Booker T. Washington.

## Career

After graduation from Hampton Institute, Trigg taught in Abingdon, Virginia from 1873 to 1880. This was followed by a move to Lynchburg, Virginia to teach at Jackson Street High School (later known as Lynchburg Colored High School) for the next 22 years, and where he also served as principal. He was the first superintendent of black schools in Lynchburg.
In 1902, the family moved to Maryland, and Trigg was principal at Princess Anne Academy (now the University of Maryland Eastern Shore) from 1902 to 1910. Followed by serving as principal of Virginian Collegiate and Industrial Institute, a branch of Morgan College (now Morgan State University) in Baltimore, Maryland. Trigg served as president of Bennett College in Greensboro, North Carolina from 1915 to 1926.
The Virginia Teachers' Association for Blacks was co-founded by Trigg. Frank Trigg is discussed in the book, The Afro-American Press and Its Editors (1891) by Irvine Garland Penn; and The Colored American published a “Men of the Hour” profile of Trigg in 1903 praising his innovative education work.

## Death and legacy

Trigg died on April 21, 1933 in Lynchburg. He was buried at the Old City Cemetery in Lynchburg.
His son Harold Leonard Trigg (1893–1978) also worked as an educator and college president.
In 2011, a historical marker in his memory was erected by the Virginia Department of Historic Resources (DHR) in Lynchburg. Trigg had lived in a residence at 1422 Pierce Street in Lynchburg, later the home of Dr. Robert Walter Johnson; the house named the Dr. Robert Walter Johnson House and Tennis Court was subject to preservation efforts.
# History of computer hardware in Bulgaria

This article describes the history of computer hardware in Bulgaria. At its peak, Bulgaria supplied 40% of the computers in the socialist economic union COMECON. The electronics industry employed 300,000 workers, and it generated 8 billion rubles a year. Since the democratic changes in 1989 and the subsequent chaotic political and economic conditions, the once blooming Bulgarian computer industry almost completely disintegrated.

## Computer models

In the 1980s, Bulgaria manufactured computers according to an agreement within the COMECON:

### Mainframes

IZOT series and ES EVM series (abbreviation from Edinnaya Sistema Elektronno Vichislitelnih Machin, or Unified Computer System — created in 1969 by USSR, Bulgaria, Hungary, GDR, Poland and Czechoslovakia).

### Personal computers

* IMKO, Pravetz-82/8M/8A/8E/8C — an 8-bit machine (Apple II clones), based on Bulgarian-made 6502 variants, Pravetz-16/16A/16H/286 (16-bit) — IBM PC clones based on i8088(V20)/286.
* IZOT 1030 — based on East German-made U880 (a Z80A clone), IZOT 1036C - IBM PC compatible based on i8086, IZOT 1037C - IBM PC/XT clone based on i8088.
For example, the Pravetz-8M featured two processors (primary: Bulgarian-made clone of 6502, designated SM630 at 1.018 MHz, secondary: Z80A at 4 MHz), 64 KB DRAM and 16 KB EPROM.

## Production facilities

The largest computer factory was some 60 km (37 mi) from Sofia, in Pravetz. Another big facility was the plant "Electronika" in Sofia. Smaller plants throughout the country produced monitors and peripherals, notably DZU (Diskovi Zapametyavashti Ustroistva — Disk Memory Devices) — Stara Zagora made hard disks for mainframes and personal computers.
# Hakea candolleana

Hakea candolleana is a shrub in the family Proteaceae native to areas along the west coast in the Wheatbelt and Mid West regions of Western Australia. A cream-white winter flowering species, useful as a garden ground cover.

## Description

Hakea candolleana is a dense low growing lignotuberous multi-stemmed shrub. Typically growing to a height of 0.15 to 1.6 metres (0.5 to 5.2 ft) generally wider than tall. Smaller branches are densely covered in short matted hairs or flattened fine silky hairs either white or rusty coloured. Occasionally, branches quickly become smooth and a bluish-green with a powdery film. The inflorescence consists of 6-8 very small white or cream flowers with a pink to greenish tinge on a stem 2–3 mm (0.08–0.1 in) long. The pedicel is 1.5–4 mm (0.06–0.2 in) long, white or cream-yellow and covered in long furry soft matted hairs or flattened silky hairs extending onto the lower part of the flower. The cream-white perianth is 2–2.6 mm (0.08–0.1 in) long. Faintly scented flowers appear in leaf axils from June to August. Leaves are alternate, flat and linear, sometimes needle-shaped ending in a hard blunt point. Length may be variable from 2.5–13 cm (1–5 in) long and 1–4 mm (0.04–0.2 in) wide, more or less the same length the entire leaf. Young leaves are covered in soft matted hairs, becoming smooth with age. Large, S-shaped fruit are smooth, 18–42 mm (0.7–2 in) long and 12–25 mm (0.5–1 in) wide aging to rough and pitted on the surface ending with an incurving beak.

## Taxonomy and naming

Hakea candolleana was first formally described by Carl Meissner in 1848. Hakea candolleana was named in honour of the Swiss botanist, Augustin Pyramus de Candolle.

## Distribution and habitat

Hakea candolleana grows in heath or shrubland on sand, loam and clay and requires an open sunny aspect. Often found in low lying seasonally wet areas. It grows from the northern sand plains at the Murchison River to Perth and an outlying community at Tammin.

## Conservation status

Hakea candolleana is presently listed as "not threatened" by Western Australian Government, Department of Parks and Wildlife.