OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Liberation hypothesis

In criminal justice, the liberation hypothesis proposes that extra-legal factors (such as race of offender and pretrial publicity) affect sentencing outcomes more in regards to less serious offenses compared to more serious ones, ostensibly because juries and judges will feel less able to follow their personal sentiments with regard to more serious crimes. The hypothesis also proposes that the extent to which extra-legal factors sentencing outcomes is dependent on the strength of the evidence in the case. The hypothesis was first proposed by Harry Kalven and Hans Zeisel in their 1966 book "The American Jury". Since then, multiple studies have found support for it.
# Empis dispar

Empis dispar is a species of fly in the family Empididae. It is included in the subgenus Argyrandrus. It is found in the Palearctic.
# Beguelkar Airport

Beguelkar Airport is a public use airport located near Beguelkar, Logone Oriental, Chad.
# Claudia Leenders

Claudia Leenders (born 18 November 1994 in Helmond) is a Dutch slalom canoeist who has competed at the international level since 2009.
She became a member of HWC Helmet sailors, the canoe club in Helmond, at the age of 8 because her older brother Stijn and her father had been active in the sport of canoeing. Leenders and her brother were selected for the Talent Development Team when Claudia was eleven years old. In 2009 she qualified for the Junior European Championships and the Junior World Cup. She made her first appearances at the senior level in 2010, with participations at the European Championships, World Championships and the World Cup.
# Celton Biai

Celton Anssumane Biai (born 13 August 2000) is a professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for Eerste Divisie club Dordrecht. Born in Portugal, he plays for the Guinea-Bissau national team.

## Club career

Biai is a youth product of the academy Benfica, having joined them at the age of 9 in 2009. On 14 September 2018, he signed his first professional contract with Benfica until 2023. He was the named the goalie of the season for the U23 Liga Revelação for the 2018–19 season. On 30 January 2020, he transferred to Vitória SC where he was initially assigned to their reserves. He made his senior debut with Vitória SC in a 3–1 Taça de Portugal win over Canelas on 15 October 2022.
In January 2024, Biai signed for Dutch Eerste Divisie club Dordrecht on a two-and-a-half-year contract with the option for a further year.

## International career

Born in Portugal, Biai is of Bissau-Guinean descent. He is a youth international for Portugal, having played up to the Portugal U21s.
In March 2023 he was called up to the senior Portugal squad for a UEFA Euro 2024 qualifier against Luxembourg.
In October 2023, Biai was called up to the Guinea-Bissau national team for friendly matches against Guinea and Togo.

## Career Statistics
### Club

    As of match played 14 January 2024
Appearances and goals by club, season and competition :
| Club | Season | League | League | League | Taça de Portugal | Taça de Portugal | Taça da Liga | Taça da Liga | Continental | Continental | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Benfica B | 2019–20 | LigaPro | 0 | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 0 | 0 |
| Vitória SC B | 2019–20 | Campeonato de Portugal | 0 | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 0 | 0 |
| Vitória SC B | 2020–21 | Campeonato de Portugal | 19 | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 19 | 0 |
| Vitória SC B | 2021–22 | Liga 3 | 22 | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 22 | 0 |
| Vitória SC B | 2023–24 | Campeonato de Portugal | 11 | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 11 | 0 |
| Vitória SC B | Total | Total | 52 | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 52 | 0 |
| Vitória SC | 2022–23 | Primeira Liga | 5 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 10 | 0 |
| Career Total | Career Total | Career Total | 57 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 60 | 0 |
# David Ellis (Scottish footballer)

David Ellis (born 2 March 1900, date of death unknown) was a Scottish footballer. His regular position was as an outside right. He was born in Glasgow. He played for Airdrieonians, Maidstone United, Manchester United, Bradford City, St Johnstone, and Arthurlie.
# Tiffany Villarreal

Tiffany Villarreal is an American R&B singer from San Antonio, Texas. Initially a member of the girl group 702, she provided backing vocals on Baby Bash's 2004 single "Shorty DooWop". She did so on Raekwon's 2004 single "The Hood" as a credited performer, as well as Flo Rida's 2007 single "In the Ayer".
She signed with Universal Records to release her self-titled debut studio album (2004), which only saw a Japanese release. The album features guest appearances from Raekwon and Sheek Louch.

## Career

In 1996, she briefly joined R&B girl group 702 along with Kameelah Williams as replacements for original members Orish Grinstead and Amelia Cruz, Tiffany later departed the group for a solo career and signed to RCA Records. Missy Elliott was enlisted as the executive producer for her debut. However, due to the folding of RCA, Villarreal's debut album was shelved. Following her leave from RCA, Villarreal signed to Pharrell Williams' Star Trak Entertainment as one-third member of the Latina group Affair with Natasha Ramos and Vanessa Marquez. She had also signed to Dr. Dre's Aftermath Entertainment imprint. However, she later left to sign with Motown Records. Again, she moved, this time for a deal with Raekwon's Rae Records and Virgin Records.

## Discography
### Studio albums

* Tiffany Villarreal (2004)

### Other appearances

* Back To Me – Fantasia – "Trust Him" (writing credits)
* Until the End of Time – Tupac Shakur – "Fuck Friendz" (featured artist)
* Mail On Sunday – Flo Rida – "In The Ayer" (background vocals)
* The Lex Diamond Story – Raekwon – "The Hood" (featured artist)
* Tha Smokin' Nephew – Baby Bash – "Shorty Doowop" (featured artist)

## Tiffany Villarreal (2004)
### Track listing

* "The Real Intro"
* "Fire"
* "Rewind the Time" (feat. Raekwon)
* "You, Yourself & You"
* "Erotic Interlude"
* "Erotic"
* "Go to Work"
* "Holla at Me "
* "For My Girls"
* "Better Woman"
* "Us"
* "Set You Free"
* "Silent Gun" (feat. Sheek Louch) *
* "Nine Months" *
* – Indicates Japanese version only bonus tracks
# Houlsyke

Houlsyke is a hamlet in the Glaisdale civil parish, in North Yorkshire, England. It is situated between Danby and Lealholm.
# Cuscatlán Department

Cuscatlán (Spanish pronunciation:) is a department of El Salvador, located in the center of the country. With a surface area of 756.19 square kilometres (291.97 sq mi), it is El Salvador's smallest department. Cuscatlán or Cuzcatlán was the name the original inhabitants of the Western part of the country gave to most of the territory that is now El Salvador. In their language it means "land of precious jewels". It was created on 22 May 1835. Suchitoto was the first capital of the department but on 12 November 1861, Cojutepeque was made the capital. It is known in producing fruits, tobacco, sugar cane, and coffee among other items. The department is famous for its chorizos from the city of Cojutepeque.

## Municipalities

* Cuscatlán Norte
* Cuscatlán Sur

## Districts

* Candelaria
* Cojutepeque
* El Carmen
* El Rosario
* Monte San Juan
* Oratorio de Concepción
* San Bartolomé Perulapía
* San Cristóbal
* San José Guayabal
* San Pedro Perulapán
* San Rafael Cedros
* San Ramón
* Santa Cruz Analquito
* Santa Cruz Michapa
* Suchitoto
* Tenancingo
# Empis fiumana

Empis fiumana is a species of fly in the family Empididae. It is included in the subgenus Euempis. It is found in the Palearctic.
# Compaction (geology)

In sedimentology, compaction is the process by which a sediment progressively loses its porosity due to the effects of pressure from loading. This forms part of the process of lithification. When a layer of sediment is originally deposited, it contains an open framework of particles with the pore space being usually filled with water. As more sediment is deposited above the layer, the effect of the increased loading is to increase the particle-to-particle stresses resulting in porosity reduction primarily through a more efficient packing of the particles and to a lesser extent through elastic compression and pressure solution. The initial porosity of a sediment depends on its lithology. Mudstones start with porosities of >60%, sandstones typically ~40% and carbonates sometimes as high as 70%. Results from hydrocarbon exploration wells show clear porosity reduction trends with depth. Compaction trend estimation and decompaction process are useful for analyzing numerical basin evolution (e.g., subsidence) and evaluating hydrocarbon reservoirs and geological storages.
In sediments compacted under self-weight, especially in sedimentary basins, the porosity profiles often show an exponential decrease, called Athy's law as first shown by Athy in 1930. A mathematical analytical solution was obtained by Fowler and Yang to show the theoretical basis for Athy's law. This process can be easily observed in experiments and used as a good approximation to many real data.

## Differential compaction

If there is a variation in thickness and compactability of a sequence, loading by later deposits will give rise to spatially varying amounts of compaction. This form of compaction is a function of the lithology of the base sediment. Both the thickness and structure of the later sequence will be controlled by the underlying geology in the absence of any active tectonics. Buried tilted fault blocks in a rift basin often produce large anticlinal closures in the post-rift section that may form traps for hydrocarbons e.g. the Daqing Field, the largest oil field in the People's Republic of China, in the Songliao Basin.
# Melanie Woering

Melanie Woering (born 18 January 1992) is a Dutch racing cyclist. Her twin sister, Henriette Woering, also competed professionally as a cyclist.
# Agony in the Garden (David)

Agony in the Garden is a 1510s religious painting by the Netherlandish artist Gerard David. It depicts Christ kneeling on the Mount of Olives in prayer, with his disciples Peter, James and John sleeping near to him. The painting is now in the Musée des Beaux-Arts of Strasbourg, France. Its inventory numbers is 465.
The painting (a nocturne) was bought by the director of the Strasbourg museum, Wilhelm von Bode, from the estate of Marie von Sayn-Wittgenstein-Sayn, widow of Chlodwig, Prince of Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst. It had previously been recorded in Saint Petersburg, Russia, in 1825. The painting was at first attributed to the studio of Gerard David, and then, for a long time, to Adriaen Isenbrandt, for instance by Max J. Friedlaender. Since 2002, Agony in the Garden is recognized as a work by David by Maryan Ainsworth and other specialists.
# Susanna Dinnage

Susanna Dinnage (born 1966/67) is a British businesswoman, who was formerly the current global president of the Animal Planet television network. In November 2018, she became the chief executive-designate of the English Premier League, and was scheduled to succeed Richard Scudamore in early 2019. On 30 December 2018, Dinnage told the organisation she would not be taking up the position.

## Career

Dinnage started her career at MTV Networks. She later worked for Channel 5 for more than ten years from its creation in 1997.
In 2009, Dinnage joined Discovery, Inc. and ran its British and Irish operation, including responsibility for Eurosport. During her time at Discovery, Eurosport obtained the European coverage rights to all Summer and Winter Olympic Games from 2018-2024. In November 2017, she was appointed the first global president of the Animal Planet network, which is owned by Discovery, Inc. Dinnage is also the chair of the Commercial Broadcasters Association, and an executive member of the Discovery Women's Network. In 2017, she was a leading contender to become chief executive of Channel 4, although the position was given to Alex Mahon instead.
In November 2018, Dinnage was chosen to succeed Richard Scudamore as chief executive of the English Premier League. She was the Premier League recruitment panel's preferred candidate, and her appointment was voted for by all 20 Premier League teams. Had she taken up the post in early 2019, Dinnage would have become the most senior female leader in major professional sport, the fourth Premier League chief since the formation of the Premier League in 1992, and the first female Premier League chief. On 30 December 2018, Dinnage told the organisation she would not be taking up the position. Dinnage never gave a reason for changing her mind.
In November 2019, it was announced that Dinnage would leave Animal Planet and the Discovery network, following a restructure.

## Personal life

Dinnage lives in Putney, London. She is a Fulham season ticket holder.
# Chico (footballer, born 1988)

Francisco Miguel Franco Antunes Gomes (born 2 June 1988), commonly known as Chico, is a Portuguese professional footballer who plays as a right-back.

## Club career

Born in Torres Vedras, Lisbon District, Chico spent five of his formative years at Sporting CP, then competed in the third division until the age of 23, in representation of four clubs. He first appeared in the Segunda Liga in the 2011–12 season with Moreirense FC, starting in all of his league appearances to help the team to return to the Primeira Liga after a seven-year absence.
On 15 July 2013, after a further campaign in division two, with Portimonense SC, Chico signed a contract with Bulgarian club PSFC Chernomorets Burgas after a successful one-week trial. His first top-flight match occurred four days later, when he played the full 90 minutes in a 1–0 home win against PFC Cherno More Varna for the First Professional Football League.
Subsequently, Chico returned to his country's second tier, representing in quick succession C.F. União, C.D. Aves and C.D. Cova da Piedade. In late September 2017 the 29-year-old moved abroad again, joining Czech First League side FC Zbrojovka Brno as a free agent.
# Jim French (footballer, born 1907)

James John Buchanan French (born 31 December 1907) was a Scottish footballer who made 22 appearances in the Football League playing as an inside forward for Gillingham and Clapton Orient in the 1930s.
In 1932 he played non-league football with Tunbridge Wells Rangers: playing in a Southern League match in September 1932 he scored seven goals (in a 17-1 win) over Peterborough & Fletton United He returned to a League club with Clapton Orient for the 1933–1934 season and then played for three and a half seasons with Kent League Ashford before moving on to Folkestone in December 1937.
# Amar de Nuevo

Amar de Nuevo may refer to:
* Amar de Nuevo (album), a 1998 album by Inti-Illimani
* "Amar de Nuevo", a 2024 song by Rauw Alejandro from Cosa Nuestra
* Amar de nuevo (TV series), a Spanish-language telenovela
# Empis impennis

Empis impennis is a species of fly in the family Empididae. It is included in the subgenus Coptophlebia of the genus Empis. It is found in the Palearctic.
# Tamara Bass

Tamara Bass is an American director, writer, producer and actress. She began her career appearing in films Bellyfruit (1999) and Baby Boy (2001). In 2019, Bass made her directing debut with the drama film If Not Now, When?.

## Life and career

Bass was born in Syracuse, New York. She made her big screen debut appearing in the 1999 independent film Bellyfruit and later guest-starred on Moesha. From 2000 to 2001 she had a recurring role in the ABC drama series, The Fugitive, and in 2001 appeared in the crime drama film, Baby Boy. From 2001 to 2002, Bass had a recurring role in the Fox drama series, Boston Public appearing in 13 episodes. In 2005, Bass made her directing debut with short film Exposure. In 2013, she co-starred opposite Malinda Williams in the made-for-television film, Marry Me for Christmas.
In 2019, Bass co-directed with her friend, Meagan Good, wrote and starred in the drama film If Not Now, When?. The film premiered at the American Black Film Festival and was nominated for the Jury Award for Best Narrative Feature, Best Screenplay and Best Director. It was released by Vertical Entertainment in January 2021. In 2021, Bass directed her second film, the comedy-drama Don't Waste Your Pretty starring Keri Hilson, Deborah Joy Winans, Jasmine Burke and Kaye Singleton. The film that based on Demetria Lucas’ book by the same name premiered on TV One. Later that year, Bass wrote the screenplay for Lifetime drama film Color of Love starring Deborah Joy Winans, and directed Coins Forever starring Essence Atkins, Stephen Bishop and Golden Brooks. In 2022 she directed episode of Tales, and the thriller film Hello for BET+. In 2023, Bass directed Ruined, another thriller for BET+ starring Keri Hilson.

## Filmography

Short film
| Year | Title | Director | Writer | Producer |
| 2005 | Exposure | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| 2008 | Broken | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Feature film
| Year | Title | Director | Writer | Producer |
| 2019 | If Not Now, When? | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| 2021 | Don't Waste Your Pretty | Yes | Yes | No |
| 2021 | Color of Love | No | Yes | Yes |
| 2021 | Coins Forever | Yes | No | No |
| 2022 | Hello | Yes | No | No |
| 2023 | Ruined | Yes | No | No |
Television
| Year | Title | Notes |
| 2022 | Tales | Episode "Jesus Walks" |
# Alexander Wood (footballer)

Alexander Wood was a Scottish professional footballer who played as an inside forward in the Scottish League for Airdrieonians.

## Career

An inside forward, Wood began his career with high-flying Scottish League First Division club Airdrieonians and spent four years with the club. Wood moved to England to sign for Third Division South club Brentford prior to the beginning of the 1928–29 season. He had to wait until 23 February 1929 for his only appearance, filling in for the injured Jack Lane in a 1–1 draw with Northampton Town. He departed the Bees at the end of the season and had abortive spells at Second Division club Charlton Athletic and Third Division South club Fulham.

## Career statistics

Appearances and goals by club, season and competition :
| Club | Season | League | League | League | National Cup | National Cup | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Airdrieonians | 1926–27 | Scottish First Division | 7 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 7 | 2 |
| Airdrieonians | 1927–28 | Scottish First Division | 11 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 11 | 2 |
| Airdrieonians | Total | Total | 18 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 18 | 4 |
| Brentford | 1928–29 | Third Division South | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 19 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 19 | 4 |
# Tussock grassland

Tussock grassland is a form of open grassland that is dominated by tussock grasses (also called bunchgrasses). It is common in some temperate grasslands, savannas, and shrublands ecoregions of the Southern Hemisphere. Tussock grasslands are usually typified by low rainfall and poor soils in which few plants other than hardy tussock grasses can flourish. They are predominantly populated by tufted grasses of the genera Agrostis, Andropogon, Chionochloa, Deschampsia, Festuca, Koeleria, Pentameris and Poa. The grasslands are found in New Zealand, Australia, Argentina, temperate areas of southern and eastern Africa, and some subantarctic islands.
# Taylor Silverholt

Taylor Silverholt (born 4 April 2001) is a Swedish footballer who plays for Helsingborgs IF.

## Club career

Silverholt signed for Helsingborgs IF on 19 December 2023 on a three-year long contract.

## International career

Silverholt has represented Sweden at a U17-level.
# Empis lugubris

Empis lugubris is a species of fly in the family Empididae. It is included in the subgenus Polyblepharis. It is found in the Palearctic.
# Chen Xiaoting

Chen Xiaoting (born 11 January 1991) is a Chinese weightlifter.
# Nyala Krullaars

Nyala Krullaars (born 25 September 2001) is a Dutch female handball player who plays for Danish club EH Aalborg in the Damehåndboldligaen.
She also represented Netherlands in the 2019 Women's U-19 European Handball Championship, where she received silver.

## Achievements

* Junior European Championship:
** Silver Medalist: 2019
# Visis Cabá

The Visis Cabá biosphere reserve is a 450 km$^2$ (170 sq mi) protected area in the department of El Quiché. It is also known as Biósfera Ixil, and is located in the North of the municipality of Chajul, on the communal lands of the Ixil communities.
The creation of the Visis Cabá biosphere reserve has gone through a long and complex process of negotiations between the Ixil communities, government institutions, and the communities of civil-war refugees (CPR) living in that area.
# Tara Abboud

Tara Abboud (Arabic: تارا عبود; born 2001), is a Palestinian–Jordanian actress. Her films include Amira (2021). On television, she is known for her roles in the Star series Culprits (2023) and the Netflix teen drama AlRawabi School for Girls (2024).

## Early life

Tara Abboud was born in 2001 in Amman, Jordan.

## Career

Abboud was a child actress, starting at ten years-old with short films, such as Motaz Matar's film From Behind The Door and Tima Shomali’s Log In. She had a leading role in Amjad Al-Rasheed’s 2009 film Princess Of The Mountains.
Abboud had a lead role in the Jordanian television series Oboor in 2019, appearing alongside Saba Mubarak. Abboud was named one of Screen International’s Arab Stars of Tomorrow in 2020.
Abboud appeared as the eponymous Amira in the 2021 Mohamed Diab film Amira. The film won the Lanterna Magica Award and the Interfilm Award at the 78th Venice International Film Festival. It was selected as Jordan’s entry for the Academy Awards but was withdrawn by the Jordanian Royal Film Commission after backlash to the films controversial storyline, in which Abboud’s Palestinian character Amira discovers she was conceived by smuggled sperm from an Israeli prisoner guard rather than her imprisoned Palestinian father. She played Noor in the 2022 film Rebel which had its world premiere during the 75th edition of the Cannes Film Festival.
In 2023 Abboud appeared in the Disney+ Star original series Culprits with an ensemble cast including Gemma Arterton, Eddie Izzard, Kirby Howell-Baptiste, Kevin Vidal, and Niamh Algar.

## Filmography

Film :
| Year | Title | Role | Notes | Ref. |
| 2021 | Amira | Amira | | |
| 2022 | Rebel | Noor | | |
Television :
| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 2019 | Oboor | | |
| 2023 | Culprits | Azar Mizouni | Recurring role |
| 2024 | AlRawabi School for Girls | Sarah | Main role (season 2) |
# Nicole Lazar

Nicole Alana Lazar (born December 14, 1966, in Washington, D.C.) is a statistician who holds triple citizenship as an American, Canadian, and Israeli. She is a professor of statistics at Pennsylvania State University. Previously she was a professor at the University of Georgia, where she was interim Department Head of the statistics department from 2014 to 2016. Her research interests include empirical likelihood, functional neuroimaging, model selection and the history and sociology of statistics.
Lazar graduated magnum cum laude from Tel Aviv University in 1988. After earning a master's degree in statistics from Stanford University in 1993, she completed her Ph.D. in 1996 at the University of Chicago, under the supervision of Per Mykland. She joined the Carnegie Mellon University faculty in 1996, and moved to Georgia in 2004. In 2015 she became editor-in-chief of The American Statistician.
She is the author of a book, The Statistical Analysis of Functional MRI Data (Springer, 2008). One of her columns, "The Arts: Digitized, Quantified, and Analyzed", was selected for the anthology The Best Writing on Mathematics 2014.
In 2014 she was elected as a Fellow of the American Statistical Association "for foundational statistical contributions to the area of empirical likelihood; for the development of new statistical methods for the analysis of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data; and for developing, reforming, and enhancing statistical education." In 2021 she was named a Fellow of the Institute of Mathematical Statistics.