OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Fazel Maleki

Grand Ayatollah Fadhil al-Maliki (Arabic: فاضل المالكي) (born 1953) is an Iraqi Twelver Shi'a Marja.
He has studied in seminaries of Najaf, Iraq under Grand Ayatollah Abul-Qassim Khoei and Mohammad Baqir al-Sadr.
# Pomaderris tropica

Pomaderris tropica is a species of flowering plant in the family Rhamnaceae and is endemic to Walshs Pyramid in north Queensland. It is a shrub with softly-hairy branchlets, egg-shaped to elliptic leaves and clusters of white to cream-coloured flowers.

## Description

Pomaderris tropica is a shrub that typically grows to a height of 2–3 m (6 ft 7 in – 9 ft 10 in), its branchlets covered with soft, star-shaped hairs. The leaves are egg-shaped to elliptic, 24–84 mm (0.94–3.31 in) long and 14–33 mm (0.55–1.30 in) wide on a petiole 6–13 mm (0.24–0.51 in) long with narrow triangular stipules 4.5–5.5 mm (0.18–0.22 in) long at the base. The upper surface of the leaves is covered with velvety hairs and the lower surface densely covered with soft, star-shaped hairs. The flowers are borne in clusters at the ends of branchlets, 25–40 mm (0.98–1.57 in) long and 40–70 mm (1.6–2.8 in) wide, each flower on a pedicel 2–4 mm (0.079–0.157 in) long. The sepals are oblong, about 2 mm (0.079 in) long but there are no petals. Flowering occurs from August to November.

## Taxonomy

Pomaderris tropica was first formally described in 1951 by Norman Arthur Wakefield in The Victorian Naturalist from specimens collected by Hugo Flecker on Walshs Pyramid in 1938. The specific epithet (tropica) means "tropical".

## Distribution and habitat

This pomaderris grows in narrow crevices between rocks on Walshs Pyramid in north Queensland.

## Conservation status

Pomaderris tropica is classified as of "least concern" under the Queensland Government Nature Conservation Act 1992.
# Sofalgaran Rural District

Sofalgaran Rural District (Persian: دهستان سفالگران) is in Lalejin District of Bahar County, Hamadan province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Dinarabad.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the rural district's population was 10,587 in 2,469 households. There were 10,773 inhabitants in 2,837 households at the following census of 2011. The 2016 census measured the population of the rural district as 8,442 in 2,550 households. The most populous of its nine villages was Dinarabad, with 2,300 people.
# Ho-fung Hung

Ho-fung Hung (Chinese: 孔誥烽, born (1972-11-13)November 13, 1972) is an American sociologist and political scientist currently serving as the Henry M. and Elizabeth P. Wiesenfeld Professor in Political Economy at Johns Hopkins University.

## Education

Hung received a BA from the Chinese University of Hong Kong, an MA from SUNY-Binghamton, and a PhD in sociology from Johns Hopkins University.

## Publications
### Books

* City on the Edge: Hong Kong Under Chinese Rule (Cambridge University Press, 2022)
* Clash of Empires: From ‘Chimerica’ to the ‘New Cold War’ (Cambridge University Press, 2022)
* The China Boom: Why China Will Not Rule the World (Columbia University Press, 2015)
* Protest with Chinese Characteristics: Demonstrations, Riots, and Petitions in the Mid-Qing Dynasty (Columbia University Press, 2011)
* China and the Transformation of Global Capitalism (Johns Hopkins University Press, 2009) Editor

## Awards

* 2024 Joseph Levenson Book Prize (China, post-1900) for City on the Edge: Hong Kong Under Chinese Rule
# Mohajeran

Mohajeran (Persian: مهاجران) is a city in Lalejin District of Bahar County, Hamadan province, Iran.

## Demographics
### Language

Mohajeran is an Azeri Turkic-speaking city.

### Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, Mohajeran's population was 7,756 in 1,697 households, when it was a village in Mohajeran Rural District. The following census in 2011 counted 7,783 people in 2,165 households. The 2016 census measured the population as 7,331 people in 2,260 households, by which time the village had been elevated to the status of a city.
# Comment

Comment may refer to:

## Computing

* Comment (computer programming), explanatory text or information embedded in the source code of a computer program
* Comment programming, a software development technique based on the regular use of comment tags

## Law

* Public comment, a term used by various U.S. government agencies, referring to comments invited regarding a report or proposal
* Short scholarly papers written by members of a law review
* Comments on proposed rules under the rulemaking process in United States administrative law

## Media and entertainment

* Comment (TV series), a 1958 Australian television series
* Comment (album), a 1970 album by Les McCann
* "Comment", a 1969 song by Charles Wright & the Watts 103rd Street Rhythm Band
* Comment, a quarterly journal published by Cardus
* Comment, later aCOMMENT, an Australian quarterly literary magazine published 1940-7
* Comment section, a user-generated content feature of Web content allowing readers to publish comments

## Other

* Comment (linguistics) or rheme, that which is said about the topic (theme) of a sentence
* Bernard Comment (born 1960), Swiss writer and publisher
# Bitter (Chanté Moore song)

"Bitter" is a song by American singer Chanté Moore. It was written by Moore, Katrina Willis, and Laney Stewart for her fourth studio album Exposed (2000), while production was helmed by the latter. A downtempo song about the pain and anger after a relationship has been shattered by lies, it was released as the album's second single on November 17, 2000. "Bitter" garnered largely positive reviews from music critics and peaked at number 10 on the Adult R&B Songs chart.

## Background

"Bitter" was written by Chanté Moore along with songwriter Katrina Willis, and frequent collaborator Laney Stewart for her fourth studio album Exposed (2000). Production on the track was overseen by Stewart. Moore reportedly recorded the song in one take. In 2013, she commented in an interview: "I was very genuine when I sang that song. I sang it one time through and, burst out laughing at the end and never recorded it again." With the original version making use of the word "Nigga," two further versions with slightly different lyrics were also recorded however.

## Critical reception

"Bitter" earned largely positive reviews from critics. Chuck Taylor from Billboard called "Bitter" by "far the best song" on its parent album Exposed, citing it as a return to Moore's "signature sound – from the wondrous whispering vocals to the slow, simple music track." Vibe described the song as "a moving testament that invokes Minnie Riperton's phrasings," while PopMatters editor Charlotte Robinson found that "Bitter" was particularly "great" because it was containing "engaging, unusual lyrics [...] with the music of a sappy love song." Entertainment Weekly's Craig Seymour noted that Moore "forgoes contemporary R&B histrionics on "Bitter," instead dismissing a lover with cool civility." The Morning Call called the song "a brutally frank 'leave me alone' ballad."

## Music video

A music video for "Bitter" was directed by Aaron Courseault. A continuation of the video for "Contagious" (2001), her collaboration with The Isley Brothers, R. Kelly makes a cameo appearance in "Bitter."

## Track listings

US promo single
* "Bitter" (radio edit) – 3:12
* "Bitter" (LP version) – 3:12
* "Bitter" (instrumental) – 3:12
* "Bitter" (a cappella) – 3:10

## Credits and personnel

Credits lifted from the liner notes of Exposed.
* Malik Crawford – recording
* Kevin "KD" Davis – engineering, mixing
* Chanté Moore – vocals, writer
* Laney Stewart – producer, programming, writer
* Craig Taylor – assistant engineer
* Katrina Willis – writer

## Charts

Weekly chart performance for "Bitter" :
| Chart (2001) | Peak position |
| US Adult R&B Songs (Billboard) | 10 |
| US Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs (Billboard) | 55 |
# Deymkaran Rural District

Deymkaran Rural District (Persian: دهستان ديمكاران) is in Salehabad District of Bahar County, Hamadan province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Hasan Qeshlaq.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the rural district's population was 9,409 in 2,071 households. There were 9,736 inhabitants in 2,489 households at the following census of 2011. The 2016 census measured the population of the rural district as 8,531 in 2,558 households. The most populous of its 16 villages was Parluk, with 2,020 people.
# Sunny Consolvo

Sunny Consolvo is an American computer scientist who works on digital safety and human–computer interaction at Google Research.

## Education and career

Consolvo received her Ph.D. in 2008 from the University of Washington Information School. Her dissertation, Designing and Evaluating a Persuasive Technology to Encourage Lifestyle Behavior Change, was supervised by David W. McDonald.
She co-founded e-commerce developer Propel in Silicon Valley, and worked for Intel in Seattle, Washington, before moving to her present position at Google.

## Recognition

Consolvo was named to the CHI Academy in 2020. She was given the 2022 Distinguished Alumni Award of the University of Washington Information School.
# Tom Bradford

Thomas Leonard Bradford (February 13, 1869 – August 22, 1932) was Mayor of Dallas, Texas from 1931 until his death by heart attack in 1932.
Tom Bradford was born in Port Hudson, Louisiana to the Rev. Harrison Bradford and Elizabeth Shelmire Bradford. Bradford graduated from Centenary College of Louisiana before moving to Dallas in 1887. Bradford opened a grocery store in the Oak Cliff neighborhood in 1888. By 1912 Bradford had an ownership interest in six grocery stores, and that year he acquired an interest in Southwestern Life Insurance Company. In 1929, he donated $100,000 to build the Bradford Memorial Hospital for Babies, the present Children's Medical Center of Dallas. As the first Dallas mayor elected under the council-manager system of municipal government adopted on October 10, 1930, Bradford was first elected to the eight-member council by Dallas voters, and then elected mayor by his fellow councilmen.
# Hong Kong Rugby Union

Hong Kong China Rugby (HKCR) is the governing body for rugby union in Hong Kong. It was founded in 1952 and became affiliated to World Rugby (then known as the International Rugby Board) in 1988. It organises and oversees local rugby, including the annual Hong Kong Sevens tournament and the HKRU Premierships.

## History

In November 2022, Glory to Hong Kong was played after a match between the teams from South Korea and Hong Kong. The HKRU said "The HKRU expressed its extreme dissatisfaction at this occurrence and has received a full explanation of the circumstances that led to this. Whilst we accept this was a case of human error it was nevertheless not acceptable." Media reported that the local organizer had earlier asked each team for a copy of their anthems to play at the competition, but the Hong Kong team did not submit one.
Later in November 2022, the head of HKRU, Robbie McRobbie, said new rules that dictate athletes should correct organizers if the national anthem is played incorrectly were reasonable and practical.
# Gompers v. United States

Gompers v. United States, 233 U.S. 604 (1914), was a contempt of court case decided by the Supreme Court of the United States.

## Background

Before 1932, the courts attempted to control the activities of labor unions by issuing injunctions that forbade strikes and picketing. Around the turn of the century labor unions began increasingly to use boycotts against individual employers to force them to provide improved working conditions and higher wages. The courts attempted to stop the boycotts by using antilabor injunctions.
Samuel Gompers was the first president of the American Federation of Labor (AFL), holding the office from 1886 to 1924. Gompers and two other labor leaders were convicted of violating an antiboycott injunction for running a notice in its magazine listing Buck's Stove & Range Company along with other companies under the heading "We Don't Patronize." On May 25, 1911, the Supreme Court ruled on the case Gompers v. Buck's Stove & Range Company. The Court refused to reexamine the validity of the injunction issued by the lower court and rejected Gompers' claim that the First Amendment protected his activities. However, the convictions were reversed on the ground that the contempts were civil but the lower court had treated them as criminal in nature. The aim of civil contempt is remediation while the purpose of criminal contempt is punitive.
Although the Court had dismissed the charges in Gompers v. Buck's Stove & Range Company, the Supreme Court of the District of Columbia retained the power to punish contempt, if any had been committed against it. The day after the decision, this court appointed a committee to see if there was reasonable cause to believe that Gompers was guilty of willfully violating an injunction issued by the court on 18 December 1907.
On June 26, 1911, the committee reported that Gompers was guilty of violating the injunction. Rules to show cause were issued that day requiring each of the defendants to show why they should not be adjudged to be in contempt and be punished for it. Gompers pleaded the statute of limitations and not guilty to most of the charges. A trial took place, the statute of limitations was held inapplicable, and Gompers was found guilty and sentenced to prison for 12 months. The court of appeals reduced the sentence to imprisonment for 30 days.
Gompers appealed to the Supreme Court, arguing that the alleged contempt took place more than three years before the proceedings began and was therefore beyond the statute of limitations.

## Decision

The Court reversed the decision of the lower court based on its holding that criminal contempt was a crime to which the statute of limitations applies.

## Significance

The Court settled whether contempt was actually a crime by the affirmative. It also resolved the issue of a statute of limitations for punishing contempt, settling on a term of three years.
# Erik Jonsson

Erik Jonsson may refer to:
* J. Erik Jonsson (1901–1995), American businessman and mayor of Dallas, Texas
* Erik Jonsson (sport shooter) (1873–1958), Swedish sports shooter
# LDN

LDN is contractional slang for the city of London in the United Kingdom.
LDN may also refer to:

## Arts and media

* London Daily News, former newspaper
* BBC London (formerly BBC LDN), broadcasting body
* "LDN" (song), a 2006 single by Lily Allen

## Language

* Láadan, a feminist, sci-fi conlang (by ISO 639-3 code)

## Medicine

* Licensed Dietitian Nutritionist, a qualified dietician
* Low-dose naltrexone, off-label use for treatment of immune diseases

## Science and technology

* Day-night average sound level, Ldn or DNL
* Linked Data Notifications, a communications protocol
* Lynds' Catalogue of Dark Nebulae, not to be confused with LBN (Lynds' Catalogue of Bright Nebulae)

## Transport

* Llandanwg railway station, Gwynedd, Wales (by National Rail station code)
# Efisio Kon Uguak

Colonel Efisio Kon Uguak is a South Sudanese politician and military figure. He has served as Deputy Governor and Minister of Administration of Western Bahr el Ghazal since 18 May 2010.
# Deepa Chari

Deepa Chari is an Indian actress and swimsuit model working in Kollywood.

## Background

Chari was born in Mumbai, India. She took to modeling at an early age and became one of the most sought after bikini models in Mumbai.

## Career

Chari has myriad modeling assignments to her name, from endorsing brands to being the bikini-clad calendar girl. She has also performed various ramp shows with designers like Manish Malhotra, Vikram Phadnis, Hemanth Trivedi, and Krishna Mehta.
She has appeared in various chart-topping music albums and worked with acclaimed directors and renowned production houses. "Kanta laga" the remix directed by Vinay Sapru and Radhika Rao and "Saiyaan dil mein aana re" with Anubhav Sinha productions are few of her most popular works.
Chari is one of the most accomplished dancers in the current Indian entertainment scene and has also acted in a Hindi film: Kabootar by Anubhav Sinha. The film Kabootar premiered at the 10th Osians-Cinefan Festival of Asian and Arab Cinema and was much appreciated by the audience. She performed the leading role in the 2009 films KA-99-B-333 and Balam.

## Career achievements

* Winner, Gladrags Mega Model Contest 2004.
* Won 1st runner up, n ”Best Body".
* Winner, Best Model of the World Contest 2003–2004.
* Won "Best smile of the World" Held in Turkey.
* Winner, Miss tourism of the world 2004–2005.
* Won "Best smile of the year" 04–05. Held in Malaysia

## Filmography

| Year | Title | Role | Language |
| 2008 | Hogi Baa Magale | | Kannada |
| 2009 | KA-99 B-333 | Varsha | Kannada |
| 2009 | Balam | Divya | Tamil |
# Zaza Burchuladze

Zaza Burchuladze (Georgian: ზაზა ბურჭულაძე; born 9 September 1973 in Tbilisi, Georgia) is a contemporary postmodern Georgian novelist and dramatist. Currently, he lives and works in Berlin, Germany.

## Biography

Zaza Burchuladze graduated from the monumental and ornamental painting department of Tbilisi State Academy of Arts.
Since 1998 he has been publishing his stories in Georgian newspapers and magazines. He worked as a freelance journalist for Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty and taught literature and contemporary art at the Caucasian Media Institute
Until 2001 Burchuladze published his works under a pen-name of Gregor Samsa. He translated the books of Fyodor Dostoyevsky and Daniil Kharms into Georgian.
His narratives often startle the audience with his experimental way of writing and the provocative themes that the author takes up and mostly are considered taboos. He writes about political conformity, stories about violence and brutality, addressing ideological and religious topics as well as sexuality.
Burchuladze's books have been translated into several languages.
# Michael Halvarson

Michael Halvarson (born 30 July 1976, Stockholm) is a Swedish comedian, illusionist, and magician. His acts, centered on comedy, magic and stage pickpocketing, have time and again become known throughout the World. In 2007, he started an international career becoming the first Swedish comedian ever to perform in a show by the world-famous Cirque du Soleil in the show Koozå, with performers. In 2012, Halvarson performed as 'The Trickster' in the Singapore run of the renowned magic show, The Illusionists.
Halvarson made his professional stage début at the show restaurant Wallman's Golden Hits in Stockholm at the age of seventeen. Since then, he has worked at comedy clubs, guest starred in varieties, taken part in several radio and television shows and on the Nordic corporate-event circuit. Among other merits are a couple of Swedish music videos on the MTV chart as director and producer.
# XD engine

XD engine is a technology used In LG HDTVs to enhance picture quality. In addition to providing standard features such as Deinterlacing and upscaling, it also provides three user selectable enhancements.
This feature attempts to increase the black levels and brightness of various aspects of the picture.
This alters and enhances color tones.
Provides analog and MPEG noise reduction.
# Yugra Cup

The Yugra Cup was a professional tennis tournament played on indoor carpet courts. It was part of the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) Challenger Tour and the International Tennis Federation (ITF) Women's Circuit. It was held in Khanty-Mansiysk, Russia, in 2009 and 2010. The men's edition was held in December, whilst the women's edition was held in March.

## Past finals
### Men's singles

| Year | Champion | Runner-up | Score |
| 2009 | Konstantin Kravchuk | Marcel Granollers | 1–6, 6–3, 6–2 |

### Women's singles

| Year | Champion | Runner-up | Score |
| 2010 | Anna Lapushchenkova | Lyudmyla Kichenok | 6–2, 6–2 |
| 2009 | Evgeniya Rodina | Anna Lapushchenkova | 6–3, 6–2 |

### Men's doubles

| Year | Champions | Runners-up | Score |
| 2009 | Marcel Granollers Gerard Granollers-Pujol | Evgeny Kirillov Andrey Kuznetsov | 6–3, 6–2 |

### Women's doubles

| Year | Champions | Runners-up | Score |
| 2010 | Alexandra Panova Ksenia Pervak | Lyudmyla Kichenok Nadiya Kichenok | 7–6$^{(9–7)}$, 2–6, [10–7] |
| 2009 | Ksenia Milevskaya Lesya Tsurenko | Oksana Kalashnikova Valeria Savinykh | 6–2, 6–3 |
# Héctor Granado

Héctor Granado Gómez (Chinese: 域陀; born 20 March 1987), sometimes known simply as Héctor, is a Spanish professional footballer who plays as a left back or a central defender.

## Club career

Granado was born in Valladolid, Castile and León. In his country he never played in higher than Segunda División B, representing in that level Real Valladolid B, Deportivo de La Coruña B and CF Palencia. At the end of the 2011–12 season, he suffered relegation with the latter club.
On 1 June 2013, Hong Kong First Division League side Southern District RSA announced the signing of free agent Granado. He returned to Spain the following year after joining CD Palencia Balompié, being released in January 2017.

## Club statistics

    As of 2 June 2014
| Club performance | Club performance | Club performance | League | League | Cup | Cup | League Cup | League Cup | Europe | Europe | Other | Other | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Spain | Spain | Spain | League | League | Copa del Rey | Copa del Rey | – | – | Continental | Continental | Others$^1$ | Others$^1$ | Total | Total |
| Valladolid B | 2006–07 | Segunda División B | 22 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 22 | 0 |
| Valladolid B | 2007–08 | Segunda División B | 32 | 1 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 32 | 1 |
| Valladolid B Total | Valladolid B Total | Valladolid B Total | 54 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 56 | 1 |
| Deportivo B | 2008–09 | Segunda División B | 26 | 1 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 26 | 1 |
| Deportivo B Total | Deportivo B Total | Deportivo B Total | 26 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 26 | 1 |
| Palencia | 2009–10 | Segunda División B | 31 | 1 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 33 | 1 |
| Palencia | 2010–11 | Segunda División B | 22 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 22 | 0 |
| Palencia | 2011–12 | Segunda División B | 29 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 31 | 0 |
| Palencia | 2012–13 | Tercera División | 16 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 16 | 0 |
| Palencia Total | Palencia Total | Palencia Total | 98 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 102 | 1 |
| Spain Total | Spain Total | Spain Total | 178 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 184 | 3 |
| Hong Kong | Hong Kong | Hong Kong | League | League | Shield & FA Cup | Shield & FA Cup | League Cup | League Cup | Asian | Asian | Others$^2$ | Others$^2$ | Total | Total |
| Southern | 2013–14 | First Division | 17 | 0 | 4 | 0 | — | — | N/A | N/A | 1 | 0 | 22 | 0 |
| Southern Total | Southern Total | Southern Total | 17 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 22 | 0 |
| Hong Kong Total | Hong Kong Total | Hong Kong Total | 17 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 22 | 0 |
| Career Total | Career Total | Career Total | 195 | 3 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 7 | 0 | 206 | 3 |
Remarks: $^1$It includes Segunda División promotion play-offs and Segunda División B promotion play-offs. $^2$It includes 2012–13 Hong Kong season play-offs.