OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# George Passmore (lacrosse)

George William Passmore (August 24, 1889 – September 22, 1952) was an American lacrosse player who competed in the 1904 Summer Olympics. He was born in St. Louis, Missouri and died in Florissant, Missouri.
In 1904 he became a member of the St. Louis Amateur Athletic Association which won the silver medal in the lacrosse tournament. His older brother William was also on the team.
# Douglas Erasmus

Douglas John Erasmus (born 4 April 1990) is a South African swimmer who qualified to compete at the 2016 Summer Olympics held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

## Personal life

Erasmus is studying for a Bachelor of Commerce (B.Com.) degree in marketing at the University of Pretoria.

## Swimming

Erasmus is coached by Igor Omeltchenko in Pretoria. He competed at the 2013 Summer Universiade games held in Kazan, Russia, reaching the semifinals of the 50 metre freestyle. At the 2014 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships, he raced in the 50 metre freestyle, 100 metre freestyle, the 4 × 100 metre freestyle relay, and the 4 × 100 metre medley relay. He was eliminated in the heats of both individual events. In both relays, he was part of South African quartets that finished seventh. During the meet, he injured his shoulder, which resulted in him missing four months of competition.
His results at the 2015 South African National Championships qualified him for the 2015 Summer Universiade games held in Gwangju, South Korea, in the 50 and 100 metre freestyle events. He advanced from the heats in both events but was eliminated in the semifinals, having placed seventh in the 50 metres race and eighth in the 100 metres. He represented South Africa at the 2015 African Games in Brazzaville, Republic of the Congo, winning gold medals in the 50 metre freestyle and the 4 × 100 metre freestyle relay.
At the 2016 South Africa Swimming Championships and Olympic trials, Erasmus was the fastest of over 100 competitors in the heats of the 100 metres freestyle event, setting a new personal best of 49.54 seconds. In the semifinals, he won his race in a time of 49.85 seconds. He eventually finished third in the final behind Calvyn Justus and Myles Brown. In the 50 metre freestyle event, Erasmus finished his heat in 22.26 seconds, one-hundredth of a second faster than the Olympic qualification standard. He finished second in the final behind Brad Tandy in a time of 22.55 seconds but ahead of four-time Olympian Roland Schoeman.
In May 2016, the South African Sports Confederation and Olympic Committee (SASCOC) named him as part of the South African team for the 2016 Summer Olympics held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, where he competed in the men's 50 metre freestyle event. He finished 29th in the heats with a time of 22.37 seconds and did not qualify for the semifinals.
# José Demetrio Rodríguez

José Demetrio Rodríguez (1760–1846) was a Spanish botanist.
* This article about a Spanish botanist is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# Maebashi Institute of Technology

Maebashi Institute of Technology (前橋工科大学, Maebashi kōka daigaku) is a public university in Maebashi, Gunma, Japan. The predecessor of the school was founded in 1952 and was chartered as a university in 1997.
# The History of Human Marriage

The History of Human Marriage is an 1891 book by the Finnish philosopher and anthropologist Edvard Westermarck that, in the three-volume 1922 edition, 'attempt(s) a grand synthesis ... an overview of the entire world history of the institution, ...'
The Finnish philosopher Jaakko Hintikka calls the work a monumental study and a classic in its field, but notes that it is now antiquated.

## Summary

In the book, Westermarck defined marriage as "a more or less durable connection between male and female lasting beyond the mere act of propagation till after the birth of the offspring."
Westermarck argues that marriage is a social institution that rests on a biological foundation, and developed through a process in which human males came to live together with human females for sexual gratification, companionship, mutual economic aid, procreation, and the joint rearing of offspring.
Besides other observations and propositions, Westermarck also proposes that people who live in close domestic proximity during the first few years of their lives become desensitized to sexual attraction, and as one explanation for the incest taboo. This hypothesis has come to be known as the Westermarck effect, named after him, or as reverse sexual imprinting.

## Reception

David Blankenhorn calls the book one of the best histories of human marriage, and considers it deservedly famous. He comments, however, that it leaves out a great deal of material while "skimming too quickly over too much." Blankenhorn believes, however, that scholarship subsequent to Westermarck's has tended to support his conclusions.
Bertrand Russell extensively used citations from the book in Marriage and Morals.
# Amphidromus mouhoti

Amphidromus mouhoti is a species of medium-sized air-breathing tree snail, an arboreal gastropod mollusk in the family Camaenidae.

## Habitat

The species' habitat is mostly in trees.

## Distribution

The species can be found in parts around Đồng Nai Province, South Vietnam.
# Bulgarian New Democracy

Bulgarian New Democracy (Bulgarian: Българска Нова Демокрация, БНД) is a political faction in the Bulgarian National Assembly formed on 2007-12-05 by fourteen dissenters of the National Movement for Stability and Progress who claim that their former party has lost its liberal roots. The faction may grow to about twenty MPs, but it is not expected to threaten the ruling government's majority. The leader of the faction is Borislav Ralchev.
The faction did not immediately decide whether it will found its own party or whether it will join an existing party — most likely the Citizens for European Development of Bulgaria —, but it announced that the voters would have the final word on that before the next elections are held in 2009. In the end, the party was formally established as a separate party on 11 May 2008, positioning itself in the centre-right and hoping to establish alliances with other centre-right parties.
Before the official announcement of the faction's foundation, European Liberal Initiative had been mentioned as a possible name.
In January 2008, BND suggested it may ally with the United Democratic Forces to form a new, right-wing movement.

## Election results
### National Assembly

| Election | Leader | Votes | % | Seats | +/– | Government |
| 2017 | Borislav Velikov | 107,407 | 3.06 (#6) | 0 / 240 | New | Extra-parliamentary |
| Apr 2021 | Did not contest | Did not contest | Did not contest | 0 / 240 | 0 | Extra-parliamentary |
| Jul 2021 | Did not contest | Did not contest | Did not contest | 0 / 240 | 0 | Extra-parliamentary |
| Nov 2021 | Did not contest | Did not contest | Did not contest | 0 / 240 | 0 | Extra-parliamentary |
| 2022 | Did not contest | Did not contest | Did not contest | 0 / 240 | 0 | Extra-parliamentary |
| 2023 | Did not contest | Did not contest | Did not contest | 0 / 240 | 0 | Extra-parliamentary |
| Jun 2024 | Borislav Velikov | 33,613 | 1.52 (#9) | 0 / 240 | 0 | Extra-parliamentary |
| Oct 2024 | Borislav Velikov | 26,054 | 1.03 (#10) | 0 / 240 | 0 | Extra-parliamentary |
* ↑ Run as part of the Reformist Bloc coalition.
* 1 2 Run as part of the Blue Bulgaria coalition.

### European Parliament

| Election | List leader | Votes | % | Seats | +/– | EP Group |
| 2024 | Tsveta Kirilova | 24,917 | 1.24 (#10) | 0 / 17 | New | – |
* ↑ Run as part of the Blue Bulgaria coalition.
# Raw Spice

Raw Spice: The Unofficial Story of the Making of the Spice Girls is a 2001 British documentary film about British girl group the Spice Girls. The film focuses on the group before they found success and features previously unreleased footage of them from 1994. Raw Spice also features an interview with Michelle Stephenson, one of the original members of the group who had left before the Spice Girls found fame.

## Development and filming

In 1994, filmmaker Neil Davies was looking to make a documentary film about a girl group. He was put in contact with a newly formed group named Touch, who would later go on to become the Spice Girls. There was no guarantee that the group would find success in the music industry at the time, but Davies felt that "even if it's a car crash, it was still a great story." He envisioned the film as "a kind of warning to teenage girls that this is what happens to you in Tin Pan Alley." Davies and co-producer Matthew Bowers filmed the group for four months in 1994; they then tried to sell the project to television networks but were unsuccessful as the networks were not interested in a film about an unknown group. Two years later, after the Spice Girls' commercial breakthrough, the footage Davies and Bowers had shot was allegedly stolen by two former colleagues. This led to a four-year legal dispute over ownership of the footage that ended in Davies's favour. Davies was then commissioned by ITV to create a documentary about the Spice Girls from the filmed footage.

## Release

Prior to airing, the film was the subject of four-year-long legal disputes with former members of the film's production company and the Spice Girls themselves, who tried to prevent it from being screened.
Raw Spice first aired in the UK on 21 March 2001 on ITV. It was the most-watched program of the night, drawing 9.4 million viewers—almost 40% of the available audience. The film aired in Australia on Network 10 in April 2001. Raw Spice was also released on DVD with additional footage.

## Critical response

Entertainment Weekly's Tanner Stransky gave the documentary film a B minus. The Calgary Herald gave the film two out of five stars, saying: "If the film had been able to clear more than one day's worth of interview footage from 1994, it may have been a great piece of pop music moviemaking instead of an overly long TV sound byte."
# Vinod Ghosalkar

Vinod Ramchandra Ghosalkar is an Indian politician and leader of Shiv Sena from Mumbai, Maharashtra. He was member of Maharashtra Legislative Assembly from 2009 to 2014. He was earlier corporator in Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai. He remained with the Uddhav Thackeray camp during the 2022 split in the party. His son Abhishek Ghosalkar was shot dead in February 2024 while streaming on facebook live by an assailant who was seen participating in functions with the Chief Minister Eknath Shinde. The assailant himself died soon afterwards while the murder case was ongoing. The police has ruled the assailant's death to be a case of suicide.

## Positions held

* 2009: Elected to Maharashtra Legislative Assembly
* 2010 Onwards: Deputy Leader, Shiv Sena
* 2014: Shiv Sena Sampark Pramukh Aurangabad district
* 2018 : Appointed as chairman of Mumbai Building Repair And Reconstruction Board (Marathi: मुंबई इमारत दुरुस्‍ती व पुनर्रचना मंडळ)
# Shaun Keeling

Shaun Keeling (born 21 January 1987) is a South African rower. He won a silver medal in the men's coxless pair event at the 2016 Summer Olympics. He also competed in the men's coxless pair event at the 2008 Summer Olympics.
# Jeffrey Stuut

Jeffrey Stuut (born 25 May 1995) is a Dutch para-alpine skier.
He won bronze medals at the 2017 World Para Alpine Skiing Championships in both the Downhill and Super-G events. He represented the Netherlands at the 2018 Winter Paralympics held in Pyeongchang, South Korea.
He represented the Netherlands at the 2022 Winter Paralympics in Beijing, China. He competed in several alpine skiing events.
# Horacio Cervantes

Horacio Javier Cervantes Chávez (born 17 October 1981) is a former Mexican footballer, who last played as defender for Veracruz, on loan for Cruz Azul. His brother Diego Alberto Cervantes is also a footballer.
# Stylianos (name)

Stylianos (Greek: Στυλιανός) is a Greek given name meaning pillar. Stylianos may refer to:
* Stylianos of Paphlagonia (fl. late-6th century), patron saint of children
* Stylianos Zaoutzes (died 899), Byzantine official and father-in-law of emperor Leo VI
* Stylianos Gonatas (1876–1966), Greek general and politician, Prime Minister of Greece 1922–1924
* Stylianos Miliadis (1881–1965), Greek painter
* Stylianos Mavromichalis (1902–1981), Greek politician
* Stylianos Kyriakides (1910–1987), Greek Cypriot runner
* Stylianos Pattakos (1912–2016), Greek Army officer, one of the leaders of the Greek military junta of 1967–1974
* Archbishop Stylianos of Australia (1935–2019)
* Stylianos Lenas (1931–1957), Cypriot EOKA fighter
* Stylianos Giannakopoulos (born 1974), Greek footballer
# Athletics at the 1970 British Commonwealth Games – Men's hammer throw

The men's hammer throw event at the 1970 British Commonwealth Games was held on 18 July at the Meadowbank Stadium in Edinburgh, Scotland.

## Results

Final results :
| Rank | Name | Nationality | Distance |
| | Howard Payne | England | 67.80 |
| | Bruce Fraser | England | 62.90 |
| | Barry Williams | England | 61.58 |
| 4 | Lawrie Bryce | Scotland | 61.42 |
| 5 | Praveen Kumar | India | 60.34 |
| 6 | Warwick Nicholl | New Zealand | 60.02 |
| 7 | Gary Salmond | Canada | 59.94 |
| 8 | Mike Cairns | Canada | 59.34 |
| 9 | Anthony Tenisci | Canada | 57.06 |
| 10 | Niall McDonald | Scotland | 55.94 |
| 11 | Yovan Ochola | Uganda | 48.74 |
| | Morris Davies | Wales | NM |
# Kinopoisk

Kinopoisk (Russian: Кинопоиск, a portmanteau of "cinema" and "search") is a Russian online database of information related to films, TV shows including cast, production team, biographies, plot summaries, ratings, and reviews. Since 2018 (as КиноПоиск HD) also a subscription video on demand streaming service with several thousand films, TV series, cartoons and including premieres and exclusive ones, has also been available.

## History

In 2013, Kinopoisk was purchased by Yandex, one of Russia's largest IT companies. In 2015, KinoPoisk underwent a total redesign. However, the new design was met with strong criticism by both users and the media for its inferior functionality and slower loading time. Within four days Yandex reverted the site to its former design. After that, new design features were introduced gradually.
By 2020s, Kinopoisk became Russia's major streaming service and started producing its own films and TV series, most notably Aeterna, The Last Minister, Grom: Boyhood, Others and Korol i Shut.

## Features

Kinopoisk is one of the most popular movie portals of the Runet. The website has 93 million visits per month. Among the sites dedicated to films, it occupies the 3rd place in the world in terms of traffic, giving way to the IMDb portal and the Chinese Douban.
Like IMDB, the site has a list of the top 250 films based on user ratings. As of June 2023, the first places among feature films were occupied by The Green Mile, The Shawshank Redemption and Forrest Gump.
# Petrocephalus balteatus

Petrocephalus balteatus, is a species of electric fish in the family Mormyridae.
# Martin Late at Nite

Martin Late at Nite (stylized as Martin Late @ Nite) is a Philippine television musical talk show broadcast by ABS-CBN. Hosted by Martin Nievera, it aired on the network's evening line-up from September 7, 1998 to August 29, 2003, replacing Martin After Dark.

## Final host

* Martin Nievera
# Gu Xiong

Gu Xiong (Chinese: 顧敻; fl. 10th century) was an official in the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period Former Shu (907–925) and Later Shu states (934–965). He was also a famous ci poet.
# Tornike Tsjakadoea

Tornike Tsjakadoea (born 5 October 1996) is a Dutch-Georgian judoka. He represented the Netherlands at the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo, Japan and competed at the World Judo Championships in 2018, 2019, 2021, 2022 and 2024.
In 2020, Tsjakadoea won one of the bronze medals in the men's 60 kg event at the Judo Grand Slam Düsseldorf held in Düsseldorf, Germany. In the same year, he competed in the men's 60 kg event at the 2020 European Judo Championships held in Prague, Czech Republic.
In 2021, he won one of the bronze medals in his event at the Judo World Masters held in Doha, Qatar.
Tsjakadoea represented the Netherlands at the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo, Japan. He lost his bronze medal match in the men's 60 kg event.
He lost his bronze medal match at the 2022 Judo Grand Slam Tel Aviv held in Tel Aviv, Israel.
# Hugo Sánchez (footballer, born 1981)

Hugo Sánchez Guerrero (born 8 May 1981) is a Mexican former footballer, who last played for Correcaminos UAT on loan from Chiapas F.C.
Sánchez made his First Division debut with Tigres in the Apertura 2001. The club ended his first season as runners-up in the League.
Sánchez played for Mexico at the 2004 Summer Olympics. He also played for his country on the 2006 World Cup Qualifyiers, including the historical game against Costa Rica, where Mexico won the away game in that nation for the first time in 40 years.
On 23 February 2005, he became the first person born in Monterrey to score in a Copa Libertadores.
# Comporté River

The Comporté River is a tributary of the Malbaie River flowing generally southward into the territory of the town of La Malbaie in the Eastern part of the Charlevoix Regional County Municipality, in Quebec, in Canada. This river has a gap in elevation of 489 m (1,604 ft). After several series of rapids, waterfalls and falls in forest area, it flows into the Malbaie River between the village of Clermont and the town of La Malbaie.
The small valley of the Comporté River is served primarily on the west side of the river by Fraser Falls Road (west side of the river), and on the east side by Rang Sainte-Julie Road, "chemin des loisirs" and the Road Grands-Fonds. Great-Walls, and some other secondary forest roads, for forestry and recreation purposes. Some trails lead north into the Zec du Lac-au-Sable up to "Lac au Plongeon".
Forestry is the main economic activity of the sector, followed by recreational tourism activities.
The surface of this stream is generally frozen from mid-December to late-March. Nevertheless, safe ice traffic is generally from late December to mid-March.

## Geography

The Comporté River originates from Comporté Lake (length: 1.3 km (0.81 mi), altitude: 499 m (1,637 ft)) located on the north hydrographic slope of the Malbaie River. This lake of the "Outfitter de la Comporté" is located in a forest area in a small valley of mountains.
Course of the Comporté River
From its source, the Comporté River runs on 20.8 km (12.9 mi) according to the following segments:
* 5.4 km (3.4 mi) southeasterly, winding up to the Grand-Fonds Road road bridge;
* 2.9 km (1.8 mi) south along the Chemin des Loisirs and past the Mont-Grand-Fonds to the road bridge at chemin de Grand-Fonds;
* 5.0 km (3.1 mi) south along the Chemin des Loisirs in an area with several houses or cottages, the village Grand-Fonds, then crossing two sets of rapids, to the dump (coming from the east) of Gravel Lake;
* 7.5 km (4.7 mi) south through several rounds of rapids or waterfalls, past Butte-à-Julie, crossing a dam, crossing Fraser Falls, skirting a campsite by the side west, passing under Hydro-Québec's high-voltage towers; then by cutting the Chemin de la Vallée and crossing a small municipal park until its confluence with the Malbaie River.
The Comporté River flows on the north shore of the Malbaie River, in the town of la Malbaie, facing route 138. This confluence is located upstream of a curve of the Malbaie River and a west bank campground.

## Toponymy

The term "Comporté" evokes the merit of Lieutenant Philippe Gaultier de Comporté (1641-1687) of the Carignan-Salières Regiment arrived at Quebec in 1665. He was military, lord, commissioner of the stores of the king, provost of the Maréchaussée, commissioner of the marine, born in 1641 in Comporté, near Poitiers, Philippe Gaultier, sieur of Rinault, and Gillette de Vernon, deceased in Quebec in 1687 and buried in the same place on November 22.
The toponym "Comporté River" was formalized on December 5, 1968, at the Bank of Place Names of the Commission de toponymie du Québec.
# Spratelloides robustus

Spratelloides robustus, the blue sprat, also known as the fringe-scale round herring, blue bait or blue sardine, is a type of sprat fish.

## Description and behavior

The Spratelloides robustus has no spine, but has 10–14 Dorsal soft rays, 9–14 Anal soft rays, and 46–47 vertebrae, and a W-shaped pelvic scute. The males can grow up to 12 centimetres (0.39 ft). They are oviparous.

## Distribution and habititat

The Spratelloides robustus mainly lives around southern Australia, at a range from the Dampier Archipelago to the south of Queensland, including Tasmania.

## Footnotes

* ↑ Gaughan, D.; Munroe, T.A.; Mohd Arshaad, W. & Hata, H. (2017). "Spratelloides robustus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T98839002A98886986. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T98839002A98886986.en. Retrieved 17 November 2024.
* ↑ Fish.gov entry
* 1 2 "Spratelloides robustus summary page". FishBase. Retrieved 27 November 2016.
* This Clupeiformes-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# Karolj Kopas

Karolj Kopas (born 21 July 1958) is a Yugoslav wrestler. He competed in the men's Greco-Roman 90 kg at the 1984 Summer Olympics.
# David Seger

David Seger (born 15 July 1999) is a Swedish professional footballer who plays for Östers IF.
# Kew International Medal

The Kew International Medal is an award given to individuals who have made a significant contribution to science and conservation. The award was first established in 1992 by the Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

## Laureates

Previous award winners include:
* 2023: Suzanne Simard
* 2022: Elizabeth Maruma Mrema
* 2021: Partha Dasgupta
* 2020: Sandra Diaz
* 2018: Mary Robinson
* 2017: Juan Manuel Santos
* 2016: Sebsebe Demissew
* 2015: Kiat Wee Tan
* 2014: E. O. Wilson
* 2012: Jared Diamond
* 2009: Peter H. Raven
* 2003: Mary Grierson
* 2000: Margaret Stones
* 1999: Stella Ross-Craig
* 1996: David Attenborough
* 1994: Robert Sainsbury and Lady Lisa Sainsbury

## Award criteria and nominations

The winner is ratified by the Executive Board and Board of Trustees. Nominations are received from across the organisation and a selection panel made up of Kew Trustees and Executive Board Members decides the winner. Criteria the panel benchmark against are:
* Building a world where plants and fungi are understood, valued and conserved – because our lives depend on them
* Providing knowledge, inspiration and understanding of why plants and fungi matter to everyone;
* Helping to solve some of the critical challenges facing humanity including (but not limited to): biodiversity loss, climate change, food security, plant pathogens, fighting disease;
* Increasing public awareness of the threat to plant and fungal diversity.