OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Auguste Beernaert

Auguste Marie François Beernaert (26 July 1829 – 6 October 1912) was the prime minister of Belgium from October 1884 to March 1894, and the 1909 Nobel Peace Prize laureate.

## Life

Born in Ostend in the United Kingdom of the Netherlands 1829, he entered the Faculty of Law at the Catholic University of Leuven at age 17. He finished five years later with greatest distinction.
He was elected to the Chamber of Deputies in 1873, and became Minister of Public Works under Jules Malou, greatly improving the rail, canal and road systems. After his tenure as Prime Minister, he represented Belgium at the Hague conventions of 1899 and 1907. He was also co-winner (with Paul d'Estournelles de Constant) of the Nobel Peace Prize in 1909 for his work at the Permanent Court of Arbitration. He was chosen as president of the panel established under the rules of that organization in the Sarvarkar Case in 1911. A year later, he died in Lucerne, Switzerland. A lawyer by profession, he served as Minister of Public Works. He served as prime minister and Minister of Finance from 1884 to 1894. He held the post of president of the international law of association from 1903 to 1905. He was Belgium's first representative to the Hague peace conferences in 1899 and 1907. In the year 1912 he was hospitalised in Lucerne, where he died of pneumonia.

## Achievements

He was the primary force behind proposals to unify international maritime law. A number of conventions dealing with collision and assistance at sea drawn up in 1910 were soon signed by many nations.
# Gaston Geens

Gaston C. S. A. Geens (10 June 1931 – 5 June 2002) was a Belgian politician and minister-president of Flanders.
Geens received a Master in Law from the Katholieke Universiteit Leuven as well as a licentiate of economy.
In 1961 Geens, together with Frank Swaelen and Leo Tindemans, was part of a think tank of the CVP. In 1972 he became a member of the party leadership. Geens was elected a member of the city council of Winksele in 1970. After Winksele's fusion with Herent in 1976 he became a member of that city council.
In 1974 in a government led by Tindemans, Geens became Secretary of State for the Budget and Science. In 1976 he was promoted to minister but with the same competences. He became Minister of Finance in the second Tindemans cabinet, but this coalition fell over the Egmont pact. He remained Minister of Finance under Paul Vanden Boeynants and in the first two coalitions led by Wilfried Martens. During the third government led by Martens he again became minister of the budget. During Martens IV, Geens became minister-president of the Flemish Executive which he led until 1992.
Geens gave Flanders a new economical identity, by taking the initiative for the Derde Industriële Revolutie in Vlaanderen (Third industrial revolution in Flanders), Flanders Technology and the Flemish Aerospace Group (FLAG).
Gaston Geens was seventy when he died at home due to cardiac arrest. On 30 May 2009, a statue of Geens was unveiled in Aarschot by Herman Van Rompuy.
# Ibrahim (play)

Ibrahim The Illustrious Bassa is a 1676 tragedy by the English writer Elkanah Settle, based on a 1641 novel by the French writer Madeleine de Scudéry. It was first performed by the Duke's Company at the Dorset Garden Theatre in London.
The original cast included Thomas Betterton as Solyman, William Smith as Ibrahim, Henry Harris as Ulama, Matthew Medbourne as Morat, Thomas Gillow as Muphti, Mary Lee as Roxolana, Elizabeth Currer as Asteria, Mary Betterton as Isabella, Margaret Hughes as Mirva.
# Hoffmaster State Park

P. J. Hoffmaster State Park is a public recreation area on the shores of Lake Michigan located five miles north of Grand Haven at the southwest corner of Norton Shores, in Muskegon County, and the northwest corner of Spring Lake Township, in Ottawa County, in the U.S. state of Michigan. The state park's 1,200 acres (490 ha) of land include three miles (4.8 km) of sand beach on the lake. It is operated by the Michigan Department of Natural Resources.

## History

Established in 1963, the park is named after Percy James Hoffmaster, sometimes considered the founder of the Michigan state parks system, who served as the Superintendent of State Parks and longest-acting Director of the Department of Conservation. The park's nature center is named for Emma Genevieve Gillette, who scouted locations for new state parks under Hoffmaster.

## Activities and amenities

The Gillette Sand Dune Visitor Center features interactive exhibits related to the sand dune ecosystem within the park. The center also has live animals and an auditorium and offers many nature programs for the public. There are ten miles (16 km) of hiking trails, including the Dune Climb Stairway, the Walk-a-Mile, and Homestead trails. Three miles (4.8 km) of trail are groomed in the winter for cross-country skiing. There are two campgrounds and a beach. Bird watchers come to view migrating songbirds (wood thrushes and orioles plus warblers and sparrows of various species) and migrating raptors (sharp-shinned and broad-winged hawks and even the occasional eagle or falcon).

## In the news

The park made international headlines on July 8, 2009, when a man fell asleep in his truck and backed over his family tent, injuring his wife and two young children.
# Derek Hardiman

Derek Hardiman (born 1981) is an Irish sportsman. He plays in the right wing-back position on the Galway senior hurling team.
Derek Hardiman hails from the Mullagh Gaelic Athletic Association club in County Galway. He has been playing senior hurling with Galway for several years now and has won a National Hurling League title with the side in 2004. Hardiman played in the 2005 All-Ireland Hurling Final against Cork, but only ended up with a runners-up medal. He was named on the All-Stars team in the same year.
# Cretomorgus

Cretomorgus ikhbogdensis is an extinct, fossil species of hide beetle that lived in modern-day Mongolia during the Lower Cretaceous, approximately 112 million years ago, making it the earliest preserved species of the subfamily Omorginae. C. ikhbogdensis is the sole species of the genus Cretomorgus.
# Christian Ezike

Christian Ezike (born 30 July 1999) is a Nigerian footballer who plays as a forward.

## Career statistics

    As of 20 July 2018
| Club | Season | League | League | League | Cup | Cup | Continental | Continental | Other | Other | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Egnatia | 2017–18 | Kategoria e Parë | 9 | 3 | 0 | 0 | – | – | 0 | 0 | 9 | 3 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 9 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 9 | 3 |
# Esfandar Rural District

Esfandar Rural District (Persian: دهستان اسفندار) is in Bahman District of Abarkuh County, Yazd province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Esfandabad.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the rural district's population was 3,824 in 1,086 households. There were 3,992 inhabitants in 1,211 households at the following census of 2011. The 2016 census measured the population of the rural district as 4,044 in 1,301 households. The most populous of its 133 villages was Esfandabad, with 1,449 people.
# Marie Thérèse Mukamulisa

Marie Thérèse Mukamulisa (born 29 June 1965) is a Rwandan jurist who was appointed to a six-year term on the African Court on Human and Peoples' Rights in 2016.

## Early life and education

Mukamulisa was born in Kigali on 29 June 1965. She has a degree in civil law from the University of Rwanda (1990) and a master's degree in common law from the University of Moncton in New Brunswick, Canada (1993). She has a Masters in Genocide Studies and Prevention from the Center for Conflict Management at the University of Rwanda.

## Career

Mukamulisa was an accountant and cashier at the Project of Agricultural Investigation and Statistics. Director Car Insurance at Sonarwa and Executive Secretary of the NGO umbrella organization CCOAIB. Mukamulisa was one of twelve commissioners who drafted the Rwanda post-genocide Constitution, and has been a lecturer in Comparative Law at the University of Rwanda.
Mukamulisa was appointed as a judge of the Supreme Court of Rwanda in 2003. She has spoken about the difficulties women face within the judicial system, particularly with child abuse and rape cases, due to cultural and gender factors. In 2015, she became a member of the High Judicial Council of Rwanda. She is also a member of the International Hague Network of Judges.
Mukamulisa was elected to a six-year term on the African Court on Human and People's Rights alongside Ntyam Mengue in July 2016. Her appointment has since been criticised due to Rwanda's decision to withdraw from allowing individuals and NGOs to appeal directly to the court, and to Mukamulisa's involvement on the panel of judges who sentenced opposition politician Victoire Ingabire Umuhoza, who appealed to the African Court.

## Personal life

Mukamulisa is married and has two sons.
# Jorge García (footballer, born 1984)

Jorge García Torre (born 13 January 1984), known simply as Jorge, is a Spanish former professional footballer who played as a central defender.
His twin brother Alejandro was also a footballer (goalkeeper). Both began their career at Sporting de Gijón, and finished it with amateurs UD Llanera.
# Matthew Booth (actor)

Matthew James Booth is an English actor from Normanton, West Yorkshire. He is well known for playing the role of postman Paul Marsden on ITV's Emmerdale from 2003 until the character's death in 2004. He has also appeared in Coronation Street, At Home with the Braithwaites, The Royal, The Ward and Hollyoaks. He is a lifelong fan of Manchester United F.C. and once appeared in a Vodafone commercial with David Beckham.
# Carole Meredith

Carole P. Meredith is an American grape geneticist and was a professor at the Department of Viticulture and Enology of University of California, Davis.

## Career

Before she retired in 2003, Meredith and her research group pioneered the use of DNA typing to differentiate Vitis vinifera grape varieties and for elucidating their parentage, which gives insight into the varieties' history and place of origin. In 1996, Meredith and her research established the parentage of Cabernet Sauvignon, which was the first application of such techniques. Later, Chardonnay, Syrah, and Zinfandel followed. The research group showed that the varieties Zinfandel, Primitivo, and Crljenak Kaštelanski are identical. The varieties Charbono and Corbeau were also found to be identical.
In 2009, she was inducted into the Vintners Hall of Fame.

## Winemaking

In 1986, she moved to Napa Valley commuting to UC Davis where her husband, Steve Lagier, made wine at Robert Mondavi Winery. After her retirement from academia in January 2003, Meredith and her husband grow on 4 acres Syrah, Zinfandel, Malbec, and Mondeuse in the Mount Veeder AVA of Napa Valley under the Lagier-Meredith label. The first vines on their property were planted in 1994. As of 2022 the Lagier Meredith Vineyard has been managed by winemaker Aaron Pott who makes the wines under his own label Pott Wine.
# Bankers' bank

A bankers' bank is a financial institution that provides financial services to community banks in the United States. Bankers' banks offer services only to community banks, not to the general public, and are typically owned by some of their customers. The principal service that they provide is correspondence, the management of payment balances with other banks. By aggregating the transactions of their client banks, bankers' banks are able to realize economies of scale that enable their clients to do business alongside larger banks.
The present system of bankers' banks developed in the 1970s–80s, when independent banks found that their correspondent banks no longer provided a satisfactory level of service and in some cases competed against them. The first institution organized exclusively as a bankers' bank was United Bankers' Bank, formed in Minnesota in 1975. As of 2023, there are 12 bankers' banks across the US. The largest of these is TIB (The Independent BankersBank), which corresponds on behalf of 1,400 customer banks.
# Stanley Gumut

Stanley Gumut (born 21 February 1986) is a Nigerian professional basketball player. He is a native of Jos, Plateau State. He is a 6 ft. 6 in. (1.98 m) tall 210 lb. (95 kg) shooting guard-small forward.

## Nigerian national team

Gumut has played internationally with the senior men's Nigerian national basketball team. He played with Nigeria at the 2007, 2011, and 2013 FIBA Africa Championships.
# Coychurch Higher

Coychurch Higher (Welsh: Llangrallo Uchaf) is a community in Bridgend County Borough, south Wales. It covers the westerly area of the county north of Pencoed and south of Ogmore Vale. The community is sparsely populated and contains only one settlement, the small village of Heol-y-Cyw, which is located on the southerly border of the community. The majority of the community is made up of hilly terrain populated by several farm houses. It was once the site of Wern Tarw Colliery, the site of the first major coalminers' strike post-nationalisation of the coal industry. The population of the community in 2011 was 888.

## Buildings of note

The largest industry in the history of the area was the Wern Tarw Colliery. First opened in 1915 as a drift mine by Meiros Colleries, a deep pit was later added and by 1938 over 400 men were employed at the site. By 1945 the drift and pit, along with workers at the Hafod Seam, employed 700 miners. In 1951, a decision by the National Coal Board to move 87 workers to the nearby Llanharan Colliery, resulted in the first major coalminer's strike since the nationalisation of the industry. The colliery closed in 1964.
A major employer in the community is Rockwool, whose factory and chimney stacks at the site of Wern Tarw dominates the area.
St Paul's church, on the High Street of Heol-y-Cyw, is the largest religious building in the community. Built in 1889, after a local cottage used for services could no longer accommodate the growing congregation, the church was funded by a £50 grant from the Bishop of Llandaff. The church organ, purchased second-hand in 1909 and restored in 1992, is believed to be over 150 years old.

## Sport and leisure

Coychurch higher is home to rugby union club Heol y Cyw RFC, whose ground is also used by Australian Rules team, the Bridgend Eagles.
# Ian McDonald (footballer, born 1958)

Ian McDonald (born 26 December 1958) is a Scottish former footballer who scored 32 goals from 386 appearances in the Scottish League playing for Partick Thistle, Motherwell, Stranraer and Greenock Morton. He played as a midfielder.
# Surpassing Certainty

Surpassing Certainty: What My Twenties Taught Me is a 2017 memoir by Janet Mock. Following on her 2014 memoir, Redefining Realness, which described Mock's childhood and adolescence, Surpassing Certainty deals with her early adulthood. It received favorable reviews.

## Publication

Published June 13, 2017 by the Atria imprint of Simon & Schuster, Surpassing Certainty is Mock's second memoir, following her 2014 New York Times bestseller Redefining Realness. The book's title is an allusion to Audre Lorde, who wrote, "And at last you'll know with surpassing certainty that only one thing is more frightening than speaking your truth. And that is not speaking."

## Content

Following on the discussion of her childhood and adolescence in Redefining Realness, in Surpassing Certainty, Mock describes life in her twenties. The story, begins sometime before she struck the twenty mark. She was at an age when, as a youth, she had a lot to try and a lot of ' obsolete rules ' to break as depicted in a briefing on Amazon.

## Reception

Writing in The New York Times, Jennifer Finney Boylan described Surpassing Certainty as "position[ing] its story within a larger history of a struggle for human rights. But Mock’s book is also a work of the heart, much of it focusing on the dissolution of her first marriage, and her journey from a Honolulu strip club to an editor at People magazine." Cosmopolitan said the book "should be required reading for your 20s." Elle named to a list of three "must-read" books for June 2017.
# Jorge Gotor

Jorge Gotor Blas (born 14 April 1987) is a Spanish professional footballer who plays for AD San Juan de Mozarrifar as a central defender.

## Club career

Born in Zaragoza, Aragon, Gotor graduated from the youth academy of local Real Zaragoza and made his senior debut with their reserves in the 2005–06 season, in Segunda División B. He went on to represent fellow league teams RCD Espanyol B, Real Murcia Imperial, Real Murcia, Getafe CF B, CD Atlético Baleares and CD Guijuelo.
In the summer of 2014, Gotor moved abroad for the first time in his career and signed for Iraqi club Erbil SC alongside compatriot Borja Rubiato. Although he had a contract running until 25 January 2015, he left the country and returned to Spain in August following the bombings of the city.
On 7 August 2015, Gotor returned to the Spanish third level by joining CD Eldense. On 18 January 2017, he moved to Mitra Kukar F.C. of Liga 1 (Indonesia) as a replacement for the departing Arthur Cunha.
After a stint in the Maldives with New Radiant SC, 31-year-old Gotor signed with Bangladeshi team Bashundhara Kings on 1 October 2018.

## International career

Gotor was capped by Spain at under-17 level.
# Jorge Perona

Jorge Perona García (born 1 April 1982 in Enguera, Valencian Community) is a Spanish former professional footballer who played as a forward, and is the current manager of CF Lorca Deportiva.

## Honours

Spain U16
* UEFA European Under-16 Championship: 1999
# Jorge Rodríguez (footballer, born 1980)

Jorge Eugenio Rodríguez Álvarez (born 11 August 1980) is a Spanish former footballer who played as a central defender.

## Club career

Born in Cee, Galicia, Rodríguez finished his development at RC Celta de Vigo's youth academy, and started his senior career with their reserves in the 1999–2000 season. On 18 January 2003, he made his first-team – and La Liga – debut, starting in a 1–0 away loss against Real Sociedad.
In summer 2005, Rodríguez signed with Racing de Ferrol of Segunda División. He joined Segunda División B club Mérida UD six months later, and competed at the same level the following eight years, representing CD Ourense, Zamora CF, Pontevedra CF, Real Oviedo, Real Avilés CF and SD Compostela.
# Jorge Sáez

Jorge Sáez Carrillo (born 5 May 1990) is a Spanish footballer who plays for CD Lealtad mainly as a midfielder.

## Club career

Born in Madrid, Sáez spent his youth career with local Rayo Vallecano, and made his senior debuts with the reserve team in the 2008–09 season, in the Tercera División. On 24 May 2009 he appeared in his first official game with the main squad, featuring the last ten minutes of the 1–2 home defeat against Elche CF in the Segunda División; he finished the campaign with a further two league appearances, all as a substitute.
On 16 June 2013 Sáez signed a contract with Getafe CF, being assigned to the B-side in Segunda División B. On 12 August of the following year, he moved to fellow league team Burgos CF.
# Jorge Troiteiro

Jorge Troiteiro Carrasco (born 9 April 1984) is a former Spanish professional footballer who played for CD Calamonte as an attacking midfielder.

## Football career

Born in Almansa, Albacete, Castile-La Mancha, to fellow footballer Luis, Troiteiro emigrated at the age of two months to Mérida, Extremadura. Representing CP Mérida, he caught the eye of FC Barcelona at the age of 12 and attended the La Masia academy for five years, where he bunked with fellow Manchego Andrés Iniesta.
Already having a release clause of 350 million pesetas, Troiteiro left Barcelona for Atlético Madrid, making his senior debut in a couple of matches for the latter's C-team in Tercera División. At the end of his 18-month spell, he went back to his adopted home and joined Mérida UD in 2003. He never played any higher than Segunda División B, where he made 223 appearances and scored 21 goals for eight clubs, suffering four relegations including three in consecutive seasons. Abroad, he played for Doxa Katokopias FC and Enosis Neon Paralimni FC in Cyprus; the former was his career's only professional output, in the 2012–13 First Division.
# Agnes Marion Moodie

Agnes Marion Moodie (6 October 1881 - 1969) was a Scottish chemist and the first female chemistry graduate from the University of St Andrews.

## Early life

Agnes Marion Moodie was born in Arbroath on 6 October 1881, one of at least two children born to Robert Moodie, a founder of the Edinburgh Mathematical Society, who taught mathematics and physical science at Arbroath High School, and Mary Lithgow Mackintosh, daughter of Donald Mackintosh, a schoolmaster from Shotts, Lanarkshire. Moodie had a younger brother William Moodie born on 15 March 1886.

## Academic career

Moodie and her brother studied at the University of St Andrews where she was the first female student of chemistry. Moodie gained an MA in 1902, a BSc in 1903, and graduated in 1904 with first class honours in Mathematics and Natural Philosophy. After graduating, she remained at the University of St Andrews, where she undertook research with James Irvine. Moodie and Irvine co-authored a number of papers on alkylated sugars between 1905 and 1908. In 1905 Moodie was awarded a Berry Scholarship in Science, and in 1807 she received a Carnegie Scholarship. Moodie also campaigned for women to be admitted as fellows of the Royal Society of Chemistry.

## Later life

After leaving the University of St Andrews, Moodie worked for the Ministry of Education until her retirement in 1946. Following her retirement, Moodie took up residence in Hove, where she remained until her death in 1969.
# Ruth Pirret

Ruth Pirret (24 July 1874 - 19 June 1939) was a Scottish scientist working in the field of radioactivity and the first woman to graduate from the University of Glasgow with a BSc. She was the second woman to register as a research student at the university after Louise McIlroy. Her research contributed to the understanding of radioactive decay.

## Biography

Pirret was born on 24 July 1874 to Violet Brown and Reverend David Pirret in Milton, Glasgow.
In 1892 she matriculated at the University of Glasgow, one of the first women to do. While a student she won eight prizes including the Advanced Practical Physiology. She graduated with a BSc in Pure Science on 12 April 1898, the first woman at the university to graduate with a BSc.
After graduation she taught at schools in Kilmacolm and Newcastle.
She returned to the University of Glasgow in 1909, registering to be research assistant, only the second woman to do so at the university. She researched the chemistry of radioactive elements with Frederick Soddy in 1909, developing the disintegration theory of radioactivity and publishing 'The ratio between uranium and radium in minerals'.
During World War I she researched corrosion of boilers in marine engines for the British Admiralty.
She became Vice Warden of Ashburne House Hall in Manchester before moving to London where she shared a house with sister Mary Margaret Pirret (1876-1942), a physician.
She died in London on 19 June 1939.