OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Helsinki University Observatory

Helsinki University Observatory housed the Department of Astronomy at the University of Helsinki, south Finland until end of 2009. It is now an astronomy-themed visitor centre and museum.

## History

The Helsinki astronomical observatory was designed in cooperation by professor Friedrich Wilhelm Argelander and architect Carl Ludvig Engel. The building was finished in 1834. Its instruments and astronomical books had escaped the great fire in Turku and were then transferred to Helsinki. The observatory was among the most modern astronomical observatories of its time, and served as an example for several European observatories that were built afterwards, most notably Pulkovo Observatory.
A separate tower was built in the observatory garden for a telescope designed for astrophotography. This building was finished in 1890. It houses the double refractor: two 0.33 meter refractor telescopes mounted together. One of the telescopes is built to be fitted with an eyepiece and the other with a photographic plate.
The observatory is located in the city centre and has not been in active use since the mid-20th century. Another observatory with a 60-centimeter telescope was built in Metsähovi, Kirkkonummi in the 1970s. The Metsähovi Radio Observatory was built around the same time and is the centre for the radio astronomical research of Aalto University.
The Department of Astronomy was merged into the Department of Physics at the beginning of 2010 and the astronomers moved to the Kumpula campus. The observatory building was thoroughly renovated and re-opened as a museum and visitor centre in 2012. The building also now houses the amateur astronomy association Ursa.
# Saucer

A saucer is a type of small dishware. While in the Middle Ages a saucer was used for serving condiments and sauces, currently the term is used to denote a small plate or shallow bowl that supports a cup – usually one used to serve coffee or tea.

## Overview

The center of the saucer often contains a depression or raised ring sized to fit a matching cup; this was only introduced in the mid 18th century. The saucer is useful for protecting surfaces from possible damage due to the heat of a cup, and to catch overflow, splashes, and drips from the cup, thus protecting both table linen and the user sitting in a free-standing chair who holds both cup and saucer. The saucer also provides a convenient place for a wet spoon, as might be used to stir the drink in the cup in order to mix sweeteners or creamers into tea or coffee.
Some people pour the hot tea or coffee from the cup into the saucer; the increased surface area of the liquid exposed to the air increases the rate at which it cools, allowing the drinker to consume the beverage quickly after preparation. This was very common in the 18th century.
Although often part of a place setting in a tea or dinner set, teacups with unique styling are often sold with matching saucers, sometimes alone, or as part of a tea set, including a teapot and small dessert plates.

## Thermal transport

When placed beneath a cup, saucers have very little direct influence on beverage cooling rate. For hot, water based beverages (e.g. tea or coffee), cooling rate in a cup is typically dominated by evaporation, which occurs across the free surface in contact with the air. Heat transfer through the bottom of the cup is small relative to heat lost through the top of the cup. Further reducing the heat lost through the bottom of the cup has little effect on the cooling rate of the beverage.
Placing a saucer on top of a cup, however, inhibits evaporative cooling and is thus an effective way of reducing the cooling rate so that the drink remains warmer for longer. The reduction in heat loss due to evaporation is typically much greater than the increase in heat loss associated with conduction through the saucer (and subsequent radiation or convective transfer to the surrounding air).

## Historical reference

   When Jefferson returned from France...he asked George Washington why the Senate had been created. Washington replied by asking Jefferson "Why did you pour that tea into your saucer?" "To cool it," said Jefferson. "Even so," responded Washington, "we pour legislation into the senatorial saucer to cool it."
though the earliest publication of this supposed interchange appears to be 1872.

## Gallery

* Department store-ware
* Styrofoam saucer
* Antique
* Faience saucer of the Maison Losseau collections
# The Night We Never Met

The Night We Never Met is a 1993 American romantic comedy film directed by Warren Leight. The film stars Matthew Broderick, Annabella Sciorra and Kevin Anderson.

## Plot summary

Upset with his current living arrangements, Sam rotates occupancy of a flat with slob Brian and painter Ellen. Each of them gets the apartment to themselves two days each week. Sam and Ellen never see each other, they just leave notes. When Sam and Brian swap their schedules without telling Ellen, she mistakenly believes Brian is the one she's falling in love with.

## Cast

* Matthew Broderick as Sam Lester
* Annabella Sciorra as Ellen Holder
* Kevin Anderson as Brian McVeigh
* Jeanne Tripplehorn as Pastel
* Justine Bateman as Janet Beehan
* Michael Mantel as Aaron Holder
* Christine Baranski as Lucy
* Doris Roberts and Dominic Chianese as Nosy Neighbors
* Tim Guinee as Kenneth
* Bradley White as Todd
* Greg Germann as Eddie
* Dana Wheeler-Nicholson as Inga
* Louise Lasser as Mrs. Winkley
* Billy Campbell as Shep
* Michelle Hurst as Leslie
* Lewis Black as Marty Holder
* Ranjit Chowdhry as Cabbie
* Naomi Campbell as French Cheese Shopper
* Richard Poe as Bartender
* Katharine Houghton as Less/More Cheese Lady
* David Slavin as Chuck Barber
* Brooke Smith as Catha
* Bitty Schram as Pharmacy Clerk
* Billy Strong as Doorman
* Catherine Lloyd Burns as Deli Customer
* Michael Mastrototaro as Triple Creme Cheese Shopper
* Michael Imperioli and Suzanne Dottino as Dry Cleaning Customers
* Jose Evelio Alveraz as "My name is Eduardo"
* Paul Guilfoyle as Sparrow's Nest Salesman
* Davidson Thomson as Foreign Film Actor
* Kathryn Rossetter as "Excuse Me" Shopper
* Mary B. McCann as Yogurt Eating Date
* Steven Goldstein as 3rd Cheese Man
* Suzanne Lanza as Shep's New Date
* Garry Shandling as Dental Patient

## Reception

Rotten Tomatoes, a review aggregator, reports that 56% of nine surveyed critics gave the film a positive review; the average rating is 4.8/10. Lawrence Cohn of Variety wrote, "A quintessential New York movie, The Night We Never Met takes a novel premise and develops it in fits and starts." Janet Maslin of The New York Times wrote, "The Night We Never Met is never lifelike enough to evoke the madly romantic New York atmosphere it seems to be after. The actors try hard, but they are hamstrung by too many broad strokes and silly inconsistencies."
# Grahak Cunningham

Grahak Cunningham (born Stuart Cunningham, 21 May 1977) is an ultra-distance runner and motivational speaker from Perth, Western Australia.

## Biography

Cunningham grew up in Busselton, south of Perth, he did very little running. It was only when he was about 16 and stressed with school exams that his mother took him along to a meditation class. At university, he began attending classes at a Sri Chinmoy center. He adopted the name Grahak from Sri Chinmoy (a Sanskrit word meaning "eagerness"). Already running marathons and longer distances and getting ever more deeply involved in Chinmoy's teachings, Cunningham first witnessed the New York race in 2003.

## Races and results

* 2007 Bunbury 50 km Ultramarathon, 5th
* 2008 Bunbury 50 km Ultramarathon, 9th
* 2009 Self-Transcendence 3100-Mile Race, 2nd
* 2012 Bunbury 50 km Ultramarathon, 2nd
* 2012 Self-Transcendence 3100 Mile Race, 1st
# Olivas Adobe

The Olivas Adobe in Ventura, California is an adobe structure built in 1837 by Raymundo Olivas on the north bank of the Santa Clara River about a mile from the estuary where it flows into the Santa Barbara Channel.
Olivas received, in recognition of his service at the Presidio of Santa Barbara, approximately 2,250 acres (9 km$^2$) as part of land grant from Governor Juan Bautista Alvarado in 1841, which he named Rancho San Miguel. The land had originally been part of grazing area for the cattle herds of Mission San Buenaventura but was appropriated during the secularization of the missions lands.
Olivas built the adobe home in 1837, and expanded it in 1849 to two stories, making it the only such building in the area. He and his wife and their 21 children lived here until 1899. It later became Max Fleischmann's hunting lodge (of yeast and margarine fame). After his death, his foundation donated the land and the house to the City of Ventura.
The Olivas Adobe is registered as California Historical Landmark #115 and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.

## In popular culture

The Star Film Company headed by Gaston Méliès shot a silent film in 1913 here called “The Gringo Strikes” which featured a Robin Hood-like character in old Mexico.
# Polyetherimide

Polyetherimide (PEI; branded as Ultem) is an amorphous, amber-to-transparent thermoplastic with characteristics similar to the related plastic PEEK. When comparing PEI to PEEK, the former is cheaper but has lower impact strength and a tighter temperature range.
PEI plastics were first introduced into the market by General Electric (GE) in 1982 under the trade name Ultem.
Due to its adhesive properties and chemical stability it became a popular bed material for FFF 3D printers.

## Structure

The molecular formula of the PEI repeating unit is C$_{37}$H$_{24}$O$_6$N$_2$ and the molecular weight is 592.61 g/mol. It contains phthalimide and bisphenol A sub-units.

## Properties

The glass transition temperature of PEI is 217 °C (422 °F). Its amorphous density at 25 °C is 1.27 g/cm$^3$(.046 lb/in³). It is prone to stress cracking in chlorinated solvents. Polyetherimide is able to resist high temperatures while maintaining stable electrical properties over a wide range of frequencies. This high strength material offers excellent chemical resistance and ductile properties suitable for various applications, even those involving steam exposure.
# Battle of Macroom

51°54′16″N 8°57′25″W﻿ / ﻿51.904354°N 8.956947°W﻿ / 51.904354; -8.956947
The Battle of Macroom was a skirmish fought on 10 May 1650, near Macroom, County Cork, in southern Ireland, during the Cromwellian conquest of Ireland. An English Parliamentarian force under Roger Boyle, (Lord Broghill), defeated an Irish Confederate force under David Roche.

## Background

Boyle had taken Cork for the English Parliamentarians by inducing its English Royalist garrison to defect to the Parliamentary side, which they had served until 1648. This was a major help to Oliver Cromwell's campaign in Ireland, as it secured for him most of Munster and its port towns. The Irish and Royalist troops in the province retreated to western County Kerry, which is a natural stronghold due to its remote and mountainous terrain.

## Battle

David Roche, an Irish officer, organised an offensive, out of Kerry with 1,400 men in May 1650, in an effort to relieve the Siege of Clonmel. Cromwell sent Boyle to intercept Roche's force with 1,500 infantry and 500 cavalrymen. When Roche realised that he was being pursued, he turned back. Rather than let the Irish force escape, Boyle followed them with his cavalry alone. He caught them at Macroom on 10 May. The English surprised the Irish with a cavalry charge before they could form up for battle and routed them. Several hundred Irish soldiers were killed. The Parliamentarian's losses were light. Roche's force broke up in disorder and fell back towards the mountains of Kerry.

## Aftermath

The following day, Boyle besieged and took Carrigadrohid castle. His men had taken Boetius MacEgan, the Catholic Bishop of Ross, prisoner and warned the garrison that they would kill him unless they surrendered. MacEgan told the garrison not to surrender and he was then hanged in view of the castle walls. The garrison surrendered shortly afterwards but was allowed to march away unmolested.

## Citations

* 1 2 3 4 5 Bagwell (1909), p. 223.
* ↑ Carte (1851), pp. 538–539.
* ↑ Carte (1851), p. 539.
# Mr & Mrs 420 Returns

Mr & Mrs 420 Returns is an Indian-Punjabi comedy film directed by Ksshitij Chaudhary starring Ranjit Bawa, Jassi Gill, Payal Rajput, Karamjit Anmol, Jaswinder Bhalla & Gurpreet Ghuggi. It is sequel to the film Mr & Mrs 420 which was released in 2014. The film was released on 15 August 2018.
Another sequel Mr & Mrs 420 Again (Part-3) is set to release in Cinema from 30th May 2025.

## Cast

* Ranjit Bawa as Laadi
* Jassi Gill as Jass
* Payal Rajput as Dr. Seerat
* Avantika Hundal
* Jaswinder Bhalla
* Karamjit Anmol
* Gurpreet Ghuggi
* Anita Devgan
* Naresh Kathooria as Goga Mastana

## Release

The movie was released on the big screens on 15 August 2018. It was later available to be streamed on the Chaupal Ott Platform.

## Reception

The Times of India gave the film a rating of 3.5 out of 5. Reviewer Jaspreet Nijher appreciates the direction work of Ksshitij Chaudhary.
Jasmine Singh of The Tribune also rated the film as 3.5 out of 5. Reviewer appreciates the way drug issue is raised in film. Reviewer also appreciates the whole cast of the film. In last added, "The drug problem in Punjab might take some time to solve but till then the film gives an all new perspective on it, one that can be laughed about without undermining the seriousness of the issue."
# Waldemar Matuška

Waldemar Matuška (Czech pronunciation:; July 2, 1932 – May 30, 2009) was a Czechoslovak singer who became popular in his homeland during the 1960s and 1970s. In 1986, he immigrated to the United States.

## Early career

Waldemar Matuška was born in Košice, Czechoslovakia (now Slovakia), and spent his whole childhood in Prague. His mother was a singer in the Vienna and Košice operetta theatres. He trained at a glassmaking school and worked in glassworks Poděbrady as a glassmaker. He performed on various musical instruments (mostly banjo, guitar, contrabass or drums with many different bands. In 1960 he recorded his first song Suvenýr (Souvenir). Later he became an actor and singer of the theatre Semafor. On the stage he performed with Karel Štědrý, Jiří Suchý, Hana Hegerová and others, starting in 1961, with Eva Pilarová. He won the Zlatý slavík ("Golden Nightingale") music poll twice, in 1962 and 1967, and placed second several times.
As his popularity grew he started acting in movies and writing songs for movies. Waldemar and Eva Pilarová left Semafor and joined the ensemble of the theatre Rokoko. But Pilarová soon returned to Semafor, while Matuška began singing with Helena Vondráčková, Marta Kubišová, Jitka Zelenková and others. He participated in other projects besides the theatre, mainly duets with Hana Hegerová and Karel Gott.

## Emigration

In 1976 he married the choir singer Olga Blechová (from the duet Olga and Irena). His popularity at home was high, and he also gave concerts abroad, limited with his interpretation of songs only in Czech. In 1986 he left Czechoslovakia and settled with his wife in Saint Petersburg, Florida, United States, with the help from his wife’s brother. Meanwhile, in Czechoslovakia, the Communist party banned all his songs, destroyed recordings of his LP gramophone record Jsem svým pánem ('I'm My Own Master'), deleted his opening song in the popular television series Chalupáři (just the melody remained) and changed the title of the TV series Rozpaky kuchaře Svatopluka ('Doubts of cook Svatopluk'). Matuška continued to perform in the United States, mostly for emigrants from Czechoslovakia.

## Velvet Revolution

After the 1989 Velvet Revolution in Czechoslovakia, his songs were returned to their proper place in the television series. He lived in Florida, at times performing in the Czech Republic.

## Death

He died in Florida on May 30, 2009, of pneumonia and heart failure, aged 76. Asthma may have contributed to his death.

## Family

He had two sons from two wives. Miroslav is a librarian at the University of Hamburg. Waldemar was born in Florida, but has married and settled in Prague.
# Portrait of Maria Salviati

Portrait of Maria Salviati is an oil on panel painting attributed to Pontormo, executed c. 1543–1544, in the Uffizi, Florence.
It was acquired by the Uffizi early in the 20th century as a work by Domenico Beccafumi. Soon afterwards Lányi identified it as a portrait of Cosimo I's mother Maria Salviati by Pontormo mentioned in Lives of the Artists by Giorgio Vasari. Gamba found a preparatory drawing in the Uffizi's Gabinetto dei Disegni e delle Stampe (n. 6503F), but argued that the painting was produced by another painter from drawings by Pontormo, whereas he argues that Portrait of Maria Salviati with a Boy (Walters Art Gallery) is in fact the original autograph work.
Noting that the woman in the drawing seems older, in 1956 Luciano Berti argues that the painting on panel may be an idealised produced after its subject's death. Berti later argued against it being an autograph work and instead attributed it to a 16th-century Sienese artist.
# GG45

GG45 (GigaGate 45) and ARJ45 (Augmented RJ45) are two related connectors for Category 7, Category 7$_A$, and Category 8 telecommunication cabling. The GG45 interface and related implementations are developed and sold by Nexans S.A., while the ARJ45 interface and related implementations are developed and sold by Bel Fuse Inc. The electrical performance of each is compliant with IEC 61076-3-110, as published by the International Electrotechnical Commission. Furthermore, the ARJ45 connector meets the mechanical dimensions specified in IEC 61076-3-110.

## Details

The GG45 and ARJ45 connectors operate in the frequency band between 600 MHz and 5 GHz with shielded twisted pair and twinax cables. To reduce crosstalk, two of the four pairs have been moved so that each pair occupies one corner.
GG45 is a variant of ARJ45 that allows for cables terminated with male 8P8C (AKA RJ45) connectors to be plugged into GG45 jacks. However, GG45 cables cannot plug into 8P8C jacks as a protrusion on the socket is designed to activate a switch on the jack for the alternative contact positions.
Combined with an internal system of Faraday cages, the GG45 interface therefore has plenty of headroom, plus the ability to migrate to higher speed service by upgrading to Category 7A patch cords that activate the switch in the jack.
There are two main variants of GG45/ARJ45:
* GG45 or ARJ45 HD is the full connector with 12 contacts, providing a Category 6 cable interface (100/250 MHz) for older devices as well as the new interface.
* ARJ45 HS is the version without the Cat-6–compatible contacts, for a total of 8 contacts.
# A Young Lady Playing a Clavichord

Young Lady Playing a Clavichord is a 1660s genre painting by Gerrit Dou. It is an example of Dutch Golden Age painting and is today in a private collection.

## Early history and creation

This painting by Dou was documented by Hofstede de Groot in 1908, who wrote:
   133. A YOUNG LADY PLAYING ON THE VIRGINALS. Sm. 45 and Suppl. 14; M. 301a, and see M. 301 and M. 302. A young lady, seen at three-quarter length in profile to the left, sits playing on the virginals, placed on a table covered with a Persian carpet. She turns her head to the spectator. She wears a green velvet jacket trimmed with white fur and an apron. A curtain is drawn back above her to the right.
   In the left background, through an open door, is seen an adjoining room in which two gentlemen and a lady sit at table by an open window; a man-servant gives one of the gentlemen a glass of wine. Panel, 15 inches by 12 inches. Described by Descamps in the Issenheim collection, 1754. Exhibited at the British Gallery, 1821. Saks. (Possibly not all referring to the same picture.) Marechal d'Issenheim, Paris, 1754. Comte du Barry, Paris, November 21, 1774 (5000 francs). Prince de Conti, Paris, April 8, 1777 (5000 francs, Langlier); a note by Glomy in a copy of Blanc's Trésor, p. 380, says that this came from a sale at Langford's, London, and was there regarded as a copy by Schalcken. Paul Benfield, London, June 21 or July 2, 1799 (£210, or £231, according to Sm.).
   J. Gildemeester Jansz, Amsterdam, June 11, 1800, No. 34 (975 florins, Labouchere). William Wells of Redleaf, London, May 12, 1848. In the collection of the Earl of Northbrook, London. In the possession of the London dealers Thomas Agnew and Sons. Now in the Gould collection, New York.

## Description and interpretation

The work shows a lady playing a clavichord in an interior with other ladies in the background, as if she is playing the background entertainment for a small party. Like Martin before him, Hofstede de Groot listed this painting immediately after the painting in the Dulwich Picture Gallery, which shows a similar clavichord player alone in smaller room.

## Later history and influence

Apparently in 1665 the collector Johan de Bye and flower painter Johannes Hannot showed 32 Dou paintings together in Leiden. This painting was in the Hannot collection and the Dulwich painting belonged to De Bye.
In 2012 A Young Lady Playing a Clavichord was sold at Christie's for 3.3 million dollars.
The painting can be seen hanging bottom left in The Art Gallery of Jan Gildemeester Jansz which was painted in the 1790s. In 2016 both paintings were on show at the Dulwich Gallery, effectively reuniting these works that had once before been shown together.
# French frigate Cocarde (1794)

Cocarde ("Cockade") was a 40-gun Cocarde-class frigate of the French Navy.
Ordered as Cocarde nationale, she was launched on 29 April 1794 in Saint Malo and commissioned in July under Lieutenant Allanic. Under Captain Quérangal, she took part in the Battle of Groix. She later took part in the Expédition d'Irlande. She was renamed Cocarde in June 1796.
During the Quasi War on 10 July 1799, under command of Citizen Croiset, she captured the American armed merchant ship Rufus 4 leagues (19 km) east southeast of Cadiz, Spain.
In 1802, she served in the Caribbean. A series of beachings damaged her sails and hull to the point where she was condemned and broken up in 1803.

## Citations

* ↑ HMS Alexandria Archived 5 March 2012 at the Wayback Machine, Naval Database
* ↑ "Naval Documents related to the Quasi-War Between the United States and France Volume 2 Part 4 of 4 Naval Operations April 1799 to July 1799 July Pg. 483-484" (PDF). U.S. Government printing office via Imbiblio. Retrieved 25 April 2024.
# Talkin' Loud

Talkin' Loud was a record label, originally founded by Gilles Peterson in 1990 after he left Acid Jazz Records. The label name is based on Peterson's Dingwalls club night "Talkin' Loud And Sayin' Something", itself a reference to James Brown and Bobby Byrd's "Talkin' Loud and Sayin' Nothing". Norman Jay was its A&R. The label is owned by Phonogram.
The first release from Talkin' Loud was a self-titled compilation in 1990 featuring artists Galliano, Jalal of the Last Poets, Incognito, Young Disciples, Wild & Peaceful, and Ace of Clubs. The label saw five of its artists nominated for the Mercury Music Prize, with Roni Size's Reprazent winning the award in 1997 for the album New Forms. The iconic Talkin' Loud logo was created by Ian Swift (Swifty) who also designed the magazine Straight No Chaser.