OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Malines chicken

The Malines, Dutch: Mechelse Koekoek, is a Belgian breed of large domestic chicken. It originates from the area of Mechelen (French: Malines), in the province of Antwerp in Flanders, for which it is named. It was created in the nineteenth century by cross-breeding local cuckoo-patterned farm chickens with various different types of imported Oriental chicken. With the Jersey Giant, it is among the heaviest of all chicken breeds. It is valued for the quality of its meat, which is pale in colour and fine-textured.

## History

The Malines originates in the southern part of the province of Antwerp and the northern part of the province of Brabant, in eastern Flanders. It derives from cross-breeding of local cuckoo-patterned farm chickens with several of the various types of Oriental chicken that began to be imported to Europe in the nineteenth century. From about 1852, cuckoo-patterned local chickens were crossed with birds which had been brought from Shanghai, China, to the zoological gardens of Antwerp. Later, Brahma, Langshan and Cochin birds were also used. The resulting birds had the large structure of the Oriental chickens, but retained the meat quality of the local stock. Selective breeding for type and colour began in 1891, and in 1898 the Malines received official recognition.$^{:46}$
In the early twentieth century the Malines became famous under the name "Poulet de Bruxelles", and was in great demand for the quality of its meat, which is white and finely textured. After the Second World War, when competition from imported specialised meat breeds became more intense, its popularity faded. In 2010 there were 575 breeding birds in Flanders.$^{:46}$
A variant of the Malines, the Dutch: Mechelse Kalkoenkop or French: Malines à tête de dindon (roughly, "turkey-headed Malines") was created by cross-breeding with the Combattant de Bruges game breed. It has an unusual triple comb. It was created in the early twentieth century in response to demand from Germany for still heavier birds, and is heavier than the single-comb Malines.$^{:46}$ It is reported as a separate breed; in 2013 there were 88 in total.
A bantam Malines was independently developed by two breeders in 1990. It is not widespread.$^{:46}$

## Characteristics

The Malines is a massive bird, among the heaviest of all chicken breeds. The comb is usually single; the legs are pale and slightly feathered.$^{:46}$$^{:331}$ In Belgium, eight colour varieties of plumage are recognised;$^{:56}$ in Germany there are nine.

## Use

The Malines is reared mainly for its meat, which is fine, pale, and close-textured. Hens lay about 140–160 tinted eggs per year, with a weight of about 65 g.$^{:56}$ They are good mothers and excellent sitters.$^{:46}$
# International Affiliation of Writers Guilds

The International Affiliation of Writers Guilds is an international trade union federation representing guilds of professional screenwriters and playwrights. Some affiliates also belong to national trade union federations.

## Activities

The IAWG strives to ensure that fair royalties and residuals are collected by enforcement of copyrights. If a member of one guild emigrates to another country or the movie or play is exported, member guilds automatically recognize their membership through reciprocal agreements.
A core function is the registering of scripts to verify original authorship. Most affiliates also have annual award ceremonies to celebrate accomplishments in the craft.

## History

The International Writers' Guild was founded in 1966 by unions from the United Kingdom, United States, and Yugoslavia. It gradually grew, but in 1986 it was replaced by the "International Affiliation of Writers' Guilds", with its founding members all being in English-speaking countries. It has since expanded, with affiliates from several other countries. In 2007, it organised an International Day of Solidarity with the Writers Guild of America strike. Since 2009, it has worked closely with the Federation of Screenwriters in Europe. There are 50,000 writers in the IAWG.

## Affiliates

* La Guilde Française des Scénaristes (France)
* New Zealand Writers Guild
* Screenwriters Association (India)
* Scriptwriters' Guild of Israel
* Société des Auteurs de Radio, Télévision et Cinéma (Canada)
* Verband Deutscher Drehbuchautoren (Germany)
* Writers Guild of America, East
* Writers Guild of America, West
* Writers Guild of Canada
* Writers' Guild of Great Britain
* Writers' Guild of Ireland
* Writers' Guild of South Africa

## Chairs

    2005: Carl Gottlieb
    2009: Michael Winship
# Christina Stewart, 4th Countess of Buchan

Christina Stewart Douglas, Countess of Buchan (c. 1548 – 20 September 1580), also known as Christian, was a Scottish noblewoman, the suo jure Countess of Buchan.

## Career

She succeeded her grandfather John Stewart, 3rd Earl of Buchan in 1551. In that year she was the heir to her father, enfeoffed in the lands, jurisdictions, and offices enumerated in her grandfather's charter of 1547. She was only three years of age at her mother's death, and was placed under the guardianship of Margaret Erskine, wife of Robert Douglas of Lochleven.
In January 1549–1550, though Christina was only a young child, a contract of marriage was arranged between her and James Stewart, afterwards Earl of Moray and Regent, which would give him possession of her lands. He was the son of Margaret Erskine by King James V. Notwithstanding this contract, he later married Agnes Keith. Christina married Moray's half-brother, Robert Douglas, second son of Margaret Erskine and Robert Douglas of Lochleven. In his wife's right, Robert Douglas became Earl of Buchan and Sheriff of Banff.
When Mary, Queen of Scots was imprisoned in Lochleven Castle in July 1567, Robert Douglas, Earl of Buchan, was one of the few people allowed to visit her.
In 1574, Christina Stewart and her husband obtained a charter of the family estates, heritable offices, and the Earlshill in conjunct fee, with remainder to the heirs-male of the marriage, heirs female, heirs of the body of the Countess, and finally, to the nearest lawful heirs of the Earl. Her husband, as Earl of Buchan, took a prominent part in the political movements made in the minority of James VI, and he supported his brother Regent Moray in opposition to the adherents of Mary, Queen of Scots. After Regent Moray's assassination in January 1570, he was one of the four lords to whom the government of the country was committed in name of the King.

## Family

Her children included one son and three daughters:
* James Douglas, 5th Earl of Buchan;
* Christian, who married to Richard Douglas, brother of William Douglas of Whittinghame;
* Mariota, who married Alexander Irvine of Drum;
* Elizabeth, who married, in 1592, Andrew Fraser of Muchals, and had issue.
The Earl of Buchan died at Mills of Drum, near Aberdeen, 18 August, and the Countess at Aberdeen 20 September 1580.
# Rescissory Act 1661

The Rescissory Act 1661 or Act rescinding and annulling the pretended parliaments in the years 1640, 1641 etc. was added to the Scottish Parliamentary register on the 28 March 1661. At one stroke, it annulled the legislation of 1640–1648 (and in effect the legislation of all parliaments since 1633), covering the time of the Wars of the Three Kingdoms and the Commonwealth. This parliament was sometimes known disparagingly as the "Drunken Parliament".

## Legislation

The idea of the Act Rescissory was first mentioned as a joke among the Lords of the Articles, and was afterwards agreed to at a meeting when few of them were sober. Sir George Mackenzie of Tarbet, known as the "passionate cavalier", was loudest supporter for the Act Rescissory.
This was "a general act rescissory", that is, an act rescinding every proceeding of all the "pretended parliaments", conventions, committees, etc., since the commencement of the troubles (1633) in Scotland, with the coronation of Charles I at St Giles Cathedral in Edinburgh that year, and the subsequent Bishops' Wars. It was objected that two of these parliaments were sanctioned by the presence respectively of the late and present King. John Middleton, 1st Earl of Middleton, Lord High Commissioner to the Parliament of Scotland replied that, in both cases, the King was not morally a free agent; and an act which obliterated at once the legislation of several years, and vested the government of the kingdom in church and state almost absolutely in the King, was carried with only thirty dissidents. This extravagant Act was followed by a recess of some weeks. Meanwhile, the King issued his proclamation for restoring church government by Bishops in Scotland, and the newly appointed Scottish prelates having received ordination from Sheldon, Bishop of London, in Westminster Abbey, went back to Scotland to take the government of the Kirk, and their places in the Scottish Parliament. It appears to have been directly due to the reactionary enthusiasm of the Restoration Parliament itself.

## Effect on the Episcopacy and Presbyterianism

This act virtually meant a return to Episcopacy, so that monarchy and Episcopacy came back together. After bishops had been procured, consecrated, and seated in the Scottish Parliament, severities increased steadily against the Presbyterians, who formed the majority of the population, especially in the centre and south and west of Scotland.
One result of the Rescissory Act was that all the ministers who obtained livings from 1649 to 1661 were held not to have been appointed at all, and therefore were at once thrust out of their jobs. They numbered nearly 400, and their expulsion caused great discontent in Scotland. The extinction of this act brought into operation the old law of 1592, by which the Church courts were bound to induct any minister presented by the Crown or any lay patron; and thus, after an interregnum of 12 years, patronage came into full vigour, and it so continued till after the Revolution of 1688, when it was modified by the Act of 1690.
# Fenqihu railway station

Fenqihu (Chinese: 奮起湖車站; pinyin: Fènqǐhú Chēzhàn) is a railway station on the Forestry Bureau Alishan Forest Railway line located in Zhuqi Township, Chiayi County, Taiwan.

## History

The station was opened on 1 October 1912. In September 2015, a section of the railway between Fenqihu Station and Alishan Station was badly damaged by Typhoon Dujuan. After restoration efforts, a successful trial run of the train between Beimen Station and Alishan Station was made on 16 September 2015.

## Around the station

* Fenchihu Old Street
# David Wetherill

David Wetherill (born 22 December 1989) is a British international table tennis player who has the rare bone development disorder multiple epiphyseal dysplasia.
Wetherill's hometown is Torpoint, Cornwall. Wetherill completed his bachelor's degree in Biological Chemistry at the University of Sheffield in 2011.
He has represented Great Britain at three international Paralympic Games, the first being Beijing in 2008 followed by London in 2012 and Rio in 2016. He finished in the top 8 in the 2008 games and was knocked out after his second game in 2012. Wetherill won a bronze medal in the singles and a silver medal in the team event at the 2015 European Championships.
Wetherill has also shown support for charities such as 'Do It For You' Day for cancer patients at the Sheffield Children's Hospital and a fundraiser for Young Kisharon.
# Transverse arrowhead

A transverse arrowhead is a type of trapezoidal or triangular stone projectile point most commonly associated with the European Mesolithic and Neolithic periods although it is also found in other regions and periods.
Unlike a conventional arrowhead which tapers to a point, transverse arrowheads widen to a cutting edge and was hafted onto an arrow shaft at its narrowest point. Other types have parallel sides but in any case transverse arrowheads are always wider than they are long.
Link to a page showing transverse spearheads in use in pre-dynastic Egypt.
# Yang Paifeng

Yang Paifeng (楊排風) is a fictional character from the Generals of the Yang Family legends. She is a maid in the Tianbo House, home to the Yang family. She learned martial arts by imitating the moves practiced by Yang family members, using a metal rod that she was supposed to use to tend the kitchen fire. It is implied that she is not related to the family by blood, and took on the surname Yang because she was an orphan.
While most "good" servants in ancient Chinese literature are stereotypically subservient, Yang Paifeng is portrayed as outspoken, decisive and fearless.

## Portrayal in films and TV series

* Shu Pei-pei in The 14 Amazons (1972)
* Mary Hon in Young's Female Warrior (1981)
* Ding Cuihua in Generals of the Yang Family (1992)
* Kingdom Yuen in Heroic Legend of the Yang's Family (1994)
* Qu Ying in Kou Laoxi'er (1996)
* Annie Man in The Heroine of the Yangs (1998)
* Theresa Lee in Legendary Fighter: Yang's Heroine (2001)
* Chang Ting in The Fire Commander (2001)
* Yao Yang in The Heroine Mu Guiying (2004)
* Liu Shuang in Struggle for Imperial Power (2005)
* Shen Wanshi (child actress) in The Young Warriors (2006)
* Zhou Xiaofei in Legendary Amazons (2011)
* Niu Niu in Mu Guiying Takes Command (2011)
* Li Qian in Saving General Yang (2013)

## Footnotes

* ↑ Yang Paifeng actually does not appear in the novel, but by the print date she was widely known as a character of the legends.
* This article about a literature character is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Chamaesphecia osmiaeformis

Chamaesphecia osmiaeformis is a moth of the family Sesiidae. It is found in Italy and Spain and on Corsica, Sardinia and Sicily, as well as in North Africa, including Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, and possibly Egypt.
The larvae feed on Euphorbia polychroma.
# Sheykh Teymur

Sheykh Teymur (Persian: شيخ تيمور) may refer to:
* Sheykh Teymur, North Khorasan
* Sheykh Teymur, West Azerbaijan
# Joseph Epes Brown

Joseph Epes Brown (September 9, 1920 – September 19, 2000) was an American scholar whose lifelong dedication to Native American traditions helped to bring the study of American Indian religious traditions into higher education. His seminal work was a book entitled, The Sacred Pipe, an account of his discussions with the Lakota holy man, Black Elk, regarding the religious rites of his people.

## Biography

Born in Ridgefield, Connecticut on September 9, 1920, Brown studied at Haverford College where he received his undergraduate degree. He went on to study at Stanford University and the University of Stockholm, earning an M.A. in anthropology and a Ph.D. in history of religions.
Brown’s keen interest in the traditions of Native Americans led him to seek out Black Elk, who had already told his life story in the book, Black Elk Speaks. In 1947, three years before Black Elk's death, Brown lived with the Lakota Sioux holy man for a year while recording his account of the "seven rites of the Oglala Sioux". Black Elk had requested that the book, The Sacred Pipe, be created so that the beliefs of his people could be preserved and become more fully understood by both Native Americans and the world at large.
Brown was one of the founders of the Native American Studies program at Indiana University and a founding member of the board of directors of the Foundation for Traditional Studies (est. 1984). He taught at the University of Montana, in the Department of Religious Studies, from 1972 until his retirement in 1989. He was also a frequent contributor of articles on Native American spirituality to the journal Studies in Comparative Religion.
After a long battle with Alzheimer's, he died at his home in Stevensville, Montana, on September 19, 2000, at the age of 80.

## Quotes

   The late Joseph Brown was a legendary mentor, whose gentility and grace in person and on the page lent dignity and depth to the indigenous ways of knowledge and ceremony he passed on to others. —Peter Nabokov, Department of World Arts and Cultures, UCLA.
   Joseph Brown was a person of gentle character blessed with a keen sense of the sacred wherever it might be found, first of all of course in orthodox religions themselves and secondly in the world of virgin nature and sacred art. —Seyyed Hossein Nasr.
# Joseph Murphy (priest)

Joseph Murphy (born 16 August 1968) has served as under-secretary of the Section for Diplomatic Staff since September 2023. Previously he was Head of Protocol at the Holy See's Secretariat of State.

## Biography

Murphy was born in Donoughmore, Cork, Ireland. He was ordained a priest on 11 July 1993 for the Diocese of Cloyne.
He studied at the Pontifical Irish College and Pontifical French Seminary, and the Pontifical Gregorian University in Rome, where he earned his doctorate in Sacred Theology.
He began his service in the service of the Holy See's Section for General Affairs on 1 October 1997. In 2002 he was appointed private secretary to Cardinal Angelo Sodano, then Vatican secretary of state.
He was transferred to the Section for Relations with States on 15 September 2006.
On 22 March 2018 he was appointed Head of Protocol at the Secretariat of State replacing José Avelino Bettencourt.
As Head of Protocol Murphy addresses the procedures concerning the granting of the agrément for new Ambassadors, their reception when they arrive in Rome, their first protocol visits to the Substitute for General Affairs for the presentation of copies of their credential letters and to the Secretary for Relations with States, the official communication of the solemn Audience for the presentation of credential letters to the Pope and all the formalities relating to diplomatic personnel accredited to the Holy. It also deals with official requests for audiences with the Pope and the sending of temporary Pontifical Missions and envoys.
In September 2023 he was appointed under-secretary of the Section for Diplomatic Staff.
# Julius Roeting

Julius Amatus Roeting (13 September 1822, in Dresden – 21 May 1896, in Düsseldorf) was an Austrian painter.

## Biography

He displayed artistic talent while still very young and, at the age of twelve, helped create a painting of a lion on a local theater curtain. He began his formal art studies at the Kunstakademie Dresden with Eduard Bendemann then, in 1849, moved to Düsseldorf, where he took over a painting class from the retiring Theodor Hildebrandt at the Kunstakademie Düsseldorf. In 1868, he was named a professor, to replace the late Karl Ferdinand Sohn.
During these years, he travelled extensively. He visited Krefeld in 1854, where he met and married his wife, Maria. The following year, he spent some time in Paris with Ludwig Knaus, then went on to London to paint several portraits, including one of Lord Cranworth, but left before completing his commissions, citing homesickness.
In 1855, he was awarded the Order of St. Michael by King Maximilian II of Bavaria and, in 1877, received the Order of the Red Eagle.
Although he created numerous historical scenes, religious and profane, he became best known for his masculine portraits, including Emanuel Leutze, Wilhelm von Schadow, Carl Friedrich Lessing and Ernst Moritz Arndt. He was a member of the Prussian Academy of Arts and the Vienna Academy of Arts, as well as the "Malkasten", a local society in Düsseldorf. The painter Max Volkhart was his son-in-law.
He died after a short illness (probably pneumonia) leaving several portraits unfinished.

## Notable students

* Ernst Anders
* Friedrich Bindewald
* Arthur Kampf
* Hermann Knackfuß
* August Lemmer
* Otto Modersohn
* Karl Mücke [de]
* Heinrich Nüttgens [de]
* Frederick Vezin
* Max Volkhart
* Heinrich Wieschebrink [de]
* Carl Wünnenberg [de]

## Sources

* Thieme-Becker, vols. 27/28: Piermaria to Rosa. E.A. Seemann, Leipzig 1999, p. 505.
# Over My Dead Body (band)

Over My Dead Body was a straight edge hardcore punk band from San Diego.
The band was formed by Daniel Sant (vocals), Aaron Cooley, Scott Lopian (guuitars), Rob Moran (bass) and Tommy Anthony (drums). The members formerly played in Unbroken, Built To Last, Forced Life, Palpatine and Four Walls Falling. David Kennedy of Box Car Racer fame replaced Lopian for a short period, but ultimately left due to commitments regarding Box Car Racer.
Their debut release on Indecision Records was the EP No Runners in 2001, followed by the album Rusty Medals and Broken Badges near the end of the same year. In 2002, the band released a split with Death Threat, with whom they did a summer tour. After the tour, Moran was replaced with Adam Beehan on bass, and moreover Kennedy was followed by Mike Arney. In the summer of 2003, Over My Dead Body toured with Death By Stereo. The same year saw the release of their final album Sink or Swim.
Vocalist Daniel Sant has gone on to form punk band Northern Towns.

## Discography

| Title | Release date | Notes | Label |
| This Feeling Will Never Fade | 2000 | Demo tape | Self-released |
| No Runners | 2001 | EP | Indecision Records |
| Rusty Medals and Broken Badges | 2001 | First album | Indecision Records |
| Sink or Swim | 2003 | Second album | Takeover/Indecision |
| Time X/Over My Dead Body | 2001 | 7" split | Phyte Records |
| Death Threat/Over My Dead Body | 2002 | 7" split | Bridge 9 Records |
| Swindle/Over My Dead Body | | 7" split | Slow Gun Records |
# 1925 NCAA baseball season

The 1925 NCAA baseball season, play of college baseball in the United States organized by the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) began in the spring of 1925. Play largely consisted of regional matchups, some organized by conferences, and ended in June. No national championship event was held until 1947.

## Conference changes

* The Pacific Coast Conference returned to its two division format after one season in a single conference, with the California schools (California, Southern California, Stanford) making up the Southern and the remaining five schools (Idaho, Oregon, Oregon State, Washington, Washington State) forming the Northern.

## Conference winners

This is a partial list of conference champions from the 1924 season.
| Conference | Regular Season Winner |
| Big Ten Conference | Indiana |
| Missouri Valley | Oklahoma |
| Pacific Coast Conference | North - Oregon State South - Stanford |
| Southern Conference | Alabama |
| Southwest Conference | Texas |
# Concó

Concó is a river in northern Hungary, a tributary of the Danube. It rises in Fejér County and enters the Danube in Komárom-Esztergom County near the city of Komárom.

## Geography

The Concó rises on the northern slopes of the Bakony range of the Transdanubian Mountains and the western and northwestern slopes of the Vértes Hills. It flows basically north and slightly west. In the mountains there are warm springs due to tectonic uplift. In the lower reaches the Concó is subject to flooding. As of 2009, sewage, wastewater and drainage from community landfills went essentially untreated into the river.
Mostly the area of the Concó Basin is wilderness in the south and farmlands in the middle and northern sections. The only significant industrial activity is in Kisbér, in the middle section. The Concó discharges into the Danube at the village of Ács.
The bedrock consists of Triassic limestones and sandstones, overlain by a thick layer of more recent alluvial sediments, predominantly sand and clay.

## History

The Romans had a military camp along the Concó near Ács.
The Battle of Bolia in 469 between various Germanic tribes may have been fought on the banks of the Concó.