OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Archibald Grove

Thomas Newcomen Archibald Grove (1855 – 4 June 1920), commonly known as Archibald Grove, was a British magazine editor and Liberal Party politician.

## Early life

He was the second son of Captain Edward Grove and Elizabeth née Watts, following private education he attended Oriel College, Oxford, matriculating 21 January 1875, then later was entered as a student to the Inner Temple on 19 April 1883. He married Kate Sara (widow of Edmund Gurney) in 1889.

## The New Review

In 1889 Grove became the founding editor of the New Review. He launched the publication at the low price of sixpence, as he sought "to place within the reach of all a critical periodical of the first order". The Review was initially successful, with contributors such as Rider Haggard, Thomas Carlyle and Henry James, while some of Tennyson's poems first appeared there. However, by 1892 he had been forced to double the cover price, and was suffering competition from newer and illustrated periodicals such as The Strand Magazine, The Idler and the Pall Mall Gazette. At the end of 1894 he sold the magazine.

## Residences

In the 1890s Grove commissioned Edwin Lutyens to design his house, Berrydown Court, near Overton, Hampshire. In 1904 he bought 88 acres (36 ha) of land near Chalfont St Giles, Buckinghamshire. He again engaged Lutyens, but his design was not built due to Grove's financial difficulties. A more modest house, "Pollards Park" was constructed, where he lived until his death.

## Politics

Grove was a member of the Liberal Party, and unsuccessfully contested the constituency of Winchester in 1886. In 1891 he was chosen to contest West Ham North. When the general election was held in July 1892, Grove unseated the sitting Conservative Party MP, Forrest Fulton by the narrow margin of 33 votes. At the ensuing general election in 1895, he was defeated by Ernest Gray of the Conservative Party, who also had the support of the National Union of Teachers.
The next general election was called in 1900. Grove was unanimously chosen by the local Liberal Association to contest the constituency of South Northamptonshire. However, the "khaki" election was held at the height of the Second Boer War, which benefitted the Conservative candidate Edward Fitzroy, who won the seat.
He contested South Northamptonshire again at the 1906 general election. There was a swing to the Liberals, and Grove returned to the Commons. In September 1908, Grove announced that he would not be standing for election again due to ill health. He accordingly retired from politics at the January 1910 general election.

## After parliament

In 1916 Grove was a member of the executive committee of the Anglo-Russian Trade Bureau. He died in Weybridge, Surrey in June 1920.
# Sandy Robertson (footballer, born 1878)

Alexander Robertson (1878 – unknown) was a Scottish footballer. He was born in Dundee. His regular position was as a forward. He played for Dundee Violet, Dundee, Middlesbrough, Manchester United and Bradford Park Avenue.
# Muraenesocidae

The Muraenesocidae, or pike congers, are a small family of marine eels found worldwide in tropical and subtropical seas. Some species are known to enter brackish water.
Pike congers have cylindrical bodies, scaleless skin, narrow heads with large eyes, and strong teeth. Their dorsal fins start above the well-developed pectoral fins. These rather aggressive fish range from 60 to 250 cm (2.0 to 8.2 ft) in length.

## Genera

About 15 known species are recognized in 6 genera:
* Congresox Gill, 1890
* Cynoponticus Costa, 1845
* Muraenesox McClelland, 1843
* Oxyconger Bleeker, 1864
* Sauromuraenesox Alcock, 1889
# Oscar Bronner

Oscar Bronner (born 14 January 1943) is an Austrian newspaper publisher.

## Biography

Bronner was born in Haifa, Mandatory Palestine, on 14 January 1943. He is the eldest son of Austrian cabaret artist Gerhard Bronner. In 1948, at the age of five, he returned with his father to Austria. In 1970, Bronner launched the monthly economic journal trend and news magazine profil. In 1974, trend and profil were sold and Bronner emigrated to New York, where he lived as a painter, having several exhibitions both in Europe and the US. He returned to Vienna in 1986 and in 1988 founded the national daily newspaper Der Standard, of which he remains publisher.
In 2008, Austrian journalists Klaus Stimeder and Eva Weissenberger wrote a biography on Bronner called Trotzdem – Die Oscar Bronner Story. The book was published in English under the title Despite Everything – The Oscar Bronner Story.
On his own webpage, Bronner announces: 2009 return to painting.
In May 2014, Bronner left the board of Der Standard.

## Artist

Art historian Dieter Ronte writes about Bronner in 1985: Oscar Bronner works in series. The series of flowers and men were followed by landscapes from early 1983 to mid-1984, which in turn preceded the portraits (Jakov Lind) and the nude paintings.
This can be easily understood from the artist's homepage
* Landscape Painting 1983
* Portrait Painting 1984
* Nude Painting 1985
# Fernand Gonder

Fernand Gonder (12 June 1883 – 10 March 1969) was a French pole vaulter who won the gold medal at the 1906 Intercalated Games.

## Career

Gonder was selected to represent France at the 1906 Olympic Games and won gold in the pole jump event. Four years later at the 1912 Summer Olympics he finished 15th in the same event.
Gonder was the French champion in 1904, 1905, 1913 and 1914, finishing second in 1912. Gonder also won the British AAA Championships title in the pole jump event at the 1905 AAA Championships. He returned in 1913 to claim third place behind Swedes Clas Gille and Carl Hårleman at the 1913 AAA Championships.
# Jan-Eric Sundgren

Jan-Eric Sundgren (born 1951), is a Swedish engineer who served as senior vice president at Volvo Group from 2006 until 2013. Prior to that, he was a professor of physics at Linköping University, and served as rector at Chalmers University of Technology from 1998 until 2006.

## Education

Sundgren received his M.S. in electrical engineering and applied physics in 1974 from Linköping Institute of Technology. He briefly studied business economics Karlstad University before joining Ericsson in 1975. Sundgren returned to Linköping University in 1977, receiving his doctorate in physics in 1982, with his doctoral advisor being material scientist Stig Hagström.

## Career

Between 1985 and 1986, Sundgren did postdoctoral work at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, United States, before subsequently returning to Linköping University to become a professor of physics in 1990. He was also Vice Praeses of the Royal Swedish Academy of Engineering Sciences.
From 1998 to 2005, Sundgren served as rector of Chalmers University of Technology.

## Awards

* Member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Engineering Sciences, 1997.
* John A. Thornton Memorial Award & Lecture, American Vacuum Society, 1995.
# Isca sullo Ionio

Isca sullo Ionio (Calabrian: Jìsca; Greek: Iskia) is a comune and town in the province of Catanzaro in the Calabria region of Italy.

## History

Isca is of Greek origin and, according to the legend, the original name of the town was Sanagasi. The original town was located near the sea, probably about where Isca Marina is located today. Sometime, probably during the 9th century AD, the inhabitants moved to higher ground, where present day Isca is today, perched between two mountains. The high open view of the sea offered protection for the people, giving them time to prepare for a possible attack from sea invaders.

## Isca Marina

In the immediate days following the earthquake of 1947, talks began and planning of a new community or extension to Isca, that should be built on safer flat ground, near the beach. The name for the new community, would be called Isca Marina. Nine centuries earlier, the area now known as Isca Marina, was the original town location for the ancestors of Isca, until invasions of outsiders, forced the towns people, to higher ground. Now many hundreds of descendants of the original town location have come home. While some homes were built in the late 1940s in the marina, it was not until the early 1950s that roads, sidewalks, and the town square were built. In the years to follow, Isca Marina would become a vacation destination for Italian and foreign travelers, on summer holiday.

## Economy

With a warm summer climate, the area is a center of production of lemons, oranges, figs, chestnuts, grapes and beans.
# Tapeswaram

Tapeswaram is a village in Mandapeta mandal of Konaseema district, Andhra Pradesh. The Uma Agastheswara Temple in Tapeswaram has a great importance and is believed to be constructed by Agasthya.

## Cuisine

Tapeswaram is best known for its sweet delicacy called Kaja. The place is also famous for making the largest individual laddu. The place is also famous for various other sweets like Pootharekulu, Bobbatlu etc.

### Tapeswaram Kaja

This variant, originating from Tapeshwaram, is also known as Madatha Kaja. It features a perfectly layered structure, made by rolling the maida-and-ghee dough into thin sheets, folding them into diamond shapes, and cutting them into smaller pieces before frying and soaking them in sugar syrup. Unlike the Gottam Kaja, this version retains sugar syrup within its layers. Although Madatha Kaja is slightly different from Tapeswaram Kaja—with the former being drier—it is often conflated with the latter.

## Transport

SH 102 that runs between Dwarapudi and Yanam passes through Tapeswaram. This road also connects Tapeswaram to Mandapeta.
The nearest railway station is at Dwarapudi which is 4.57 km away.
# 1998 Thomas Cup group stage

The 1998 Thomas Cup group stage was held at Queen Elizabeth Stadium in Hong Kong from 16 to 20 May 1998.
The group stage was first stage of the tournament where only the two highest-placing teams in each of the two groups advanced to the knockout stage.

## Draw

The 8 teams were drawn into two groups each containing four teams.

### Group composition

Group :
| Group A | Group B |
| China  Denmark  Hong Kong (Host)  Sweden | Indonesia  South Korea  Malaysia  Netherlands |

## Group A

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | L | GF | GA | GD | PF | PA | PD | Pts | Qualification |
| 1 | Denmark | 3 | 3 | 0 | 26 | 9 | +17 | 503 | 330 | +173 | 3 | Advance to semi-finals |
| 2 | China | 3 | 2 | 1 | 25 | 10 | +15 | 473 | 337 | +136 | 2 | Advance to semi-finals |
| 3 | Sweden | 3 | 1 | 2 | 13 | 23 | −10 | 345 | 472 | −127 | 1 | |
| 4 | Hong Kong (H) | 3 | 0 | 3 | 6 | 28 | −22 | 308 | 490 | −182 | 0 | |

### China vs Denmark
## Group B

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | L | GF | GA | GD | PF | PA | PD | Pts | Qualification |
| 1 | Indonesia | 3 | 3 | 0 | 27 | 5 | +22 | 457 | 234 | +223 | 3 | Advance to semi-finals |
| 2 | Malaysia | 3 | 2 | 1 | 21 | 11 | +10 | 402 | 333 | +69 | 2 | Advance to semi-finals |
| 3 | South Korea | 3 | 1 | 2 | 12 | 21 | −9 | 327 | 415 | −88 | 1 | |
| 4 | Netherlands | 3 | 0 | 3 | 4 | 27 | −23 | 234 | 438 | −204 | 0 | |
# Athletics at the 2016 Summer Paralympics – Women's 100 metres T38

The Women's 100 metres T38 event at the 2016 Summer Paralympics took place at the Estádio Olímpico Nilton Santos on 8 and 9 September. It featured 16 athletes from 11 countries.
The event is for athletes with the lowest level of disability in the cerebral palsy class.

## Heats

In the heats, the first three in each race, and the 2 fastest losers overall qualify for the final.

### Heat 1

| Rank | Athlete | Country | Time | Notes |
| 1 | Veronica Hipolito | Brazil | 12.84 | Q, PR |
| 2 | Lindy Ave | Germany | 13.28 | Q |
| 3 | Ella Pardy | Australia | 13.30 | Q |
| 4 | Olivia Breen | Great Britain | 13.35 | q |
| 5 | Sonia Mansour | Tunisia | 14.30 | |
| 6 | Yuka Takamatsu | Japan | 14.33 | |
| 7 | Maria Fernandes | Portugal | 14.65 | |

### Heat 2

| Rank | Athlete | Country | Time | Notes |
| 1 | Sophie Hahn | Great Britain | 12.62 | Q, PR |
| 2 | Kadeena Cox | Great Britain | 12.98 | Q |
| 3 | Chen Junfei | China | 13.03 | Q |
| 4 | Jennifer Santos | Brazil | 13.62 | q |
| 5 | Anna Trener-Wierciak | Poland | 13.70 | |
| 6 | Nicole Nicoleitzik | Germany | 14.49 | |
| 7 | Vanessa Braun | Germany | 14.59 | |

## Final

| Rank | Athlete | Country | Time | Notes |
| | Sophie Hahn | Great Britain | 12.62 | =PR |
| | Veronica Hipolito | Brazil | 12.88 | |
| | Kadeena Cox | Great Britain | 13.01 | |
| 4 | Chen Junfei | China | 13.06 | |
| 5 | Lindy Ave | Germany | 13.20 | |
| 6 | Ella Pardy | Australia | 13.22 | |
| 7 | Olivia Breen | Great Britain | 13.41 | |
| 8 | Jennifer Santos | Brazil | 13.61 | |
| | | | Wind: | Wind: |
# The Road Back

The Road Back, also translated as The Way Back, (German: Der Weg zurück) is a novel by German author Erich Maria Remarque, commonly regarded as a sequel to his 1929 novel All Quiet on the Western Front. It was first serialized in the German newspaper Vossische Zeitung between December 1930 and January 1931, and published in book form in April 1931.

## Plot

Although the book follows different characters from those in All Quiet on the Western Front, it can be assumed that they were in the same company, as the characters recall other characters from the earlier novel. Tjaden is the only member of the 2nd Company to feature prominently in both books.
Set a few weeks after the end of All Quiet on the Western Front, the novel deals with the fall of the German Empire and details the experience of young men in Germany who have returned from the trenches of World War I and are trying to integrate back into civilian life. Its most salient feature is the main characters' pessimism about contemporary society which, they feel, is morally bankrupt because it has allegedly caused the war and apparently does not wish to reform itself.
For example in one scene, a group of student veterans are forced to endure a corny speech by their professor who eulogizes their fallen comrades as having entered a “long sleep beneath the green grasses.” The student veterans mock the professor for his naive platitudes with one, Westerholt shouting, “in the mud of shell holes they are lying, knocked rotten, ripped in pieces, gone down into the bog—Green grasses!"

## Reception

The book was banned during Nazi rule.

## Preservation

Under the Copyright Term Extension Act of 1998, the book will enter the public domain in the United States in 2027.

## Adaptations

* 1937, The Road Back – motion picture directed by James Whale and starring, among others, Noah Beery Jr. and Richard Cromwell.

## English translations

* Arthur Wesley Wheen, as The Road Back. Published in 1931 by Little, Brown, and Company, McClelland & Stewart and G.P. Putnam and Co.
* Brian Murdoch, as The Way Back. Published in 2019 by Vintage Classics, ISBN 9781784875268.
# Tiburón (song)

"Tiburón" (Spanish: Shark) is a salsa song by Rubén Blades and Willie Colón which appeared on their 1981 album Canciones del Solar de los Aburridos. The song is a metaphor for American intervention in Latin America, with the titular shark representing the influence of American imperialism in the region.
The song opens by evoking the sounds of a Caribbean beach, which then comes under threat by a shark hunting for victims. Throughout the second half of the song, the singers shout the phrase, "si lo ven que viene, ¡palo al tiburón!" ("If you see him coming, [bring a] stick to the shark!"). The lyrics specifically call for protecting "our sister El Salvador", in reference to US involvement in then ongoing Salvadoran Civil War. The shark metaphor has been described as being inspired by Juan Jose Arévalo's 1956 book The Shark and the Sardines.

## Reception

Music critic Dave Marsh listed "Tiburón" as one of his top 20 political songs written after 1976, calling it "the original anti-Central America invasion protest." At the time of its release, it received little airplay in the US because of its controversial political message, with Blades being accused of sympathizing with communism and becoming particularly unpopular with the Cuban community in Miami.
Blades would later state that "I was out of the radio for fifteen years in [the US] because of ‘Tiburon’.” In a 1991 interview, Colón said that politically charged songs like "Tiburón" and "Pedro Navaja" were so controversial that he and Blades occasionally performed them in bulletproof vests.
Blades confirmed that "the purpose of the song was to express my - and our - dislike for intervention[ism]" in reaction to US foreign policy in Latin America, and characterized it as "an anti-imperialist song". However, he sought to distance himself from radical Anti-Americanism among the Latin American Left, stressing that "Tiburón" is "not a song that can be applied exclusively to the US" by noting that it also lent itself to criticism of the United Kingdom in the 1982 Falklands War, and that it would have equally well have applied to a hypothetical Russian military intervention in Latin America.
# Fick Observatory

The Fick Observatory was an astronomical observatory owned and operated by Iowa State University. Located southwest of Boone, Iowa, it was named after Davenport, Iowa, amateur astronomer Erwin W. Fick. The observatory closed in 2015.

## History

Iowa State University’s original telescope and observatory, located northwest of Ames, was donated by the family of Milo Mather of Clarksville, Iowa, following his death in 1960. Mather was an accomplished amateur astronomer and mechanical engineering graduate (1907) of Iowa State. In 1970, the mirror from his telescope was reconditioned and used in a newly reconfigured telescope, also named after Mather, and installed in the Erwin W. Fick Observatory.
Iowa State built the Fick Observatory southwest of Boone, Iowa, in 1970. The facility was named after Erwin W. Fick (1897–1975), an amateur astronomer and retired member of the U.S. Corps of Engineers from Davenport, Iowa. Though Fick had never been to Ames, let alone graduated from Iowa State, he set up a trust through the ISU Foundation to help support Iowa State’s observatory. New imaging devices, such as the CCD (charge-coupled device) camera installed in 1990, and the short focal length of the telescope allowed researchers to obtain wide-field views of the sky to very faint limits. Measurements gathered by the Mather telescope could be used to complement data obtained by larger observatories, which often sacrifice wide views for fine detail. Over the years, Iowa State researchers used the Fick Observatory for a wide variety of studies, including stellar radial velocity observations, studies of ring galaxy collisions, and lunar occultation studies.
In 2015, the Erwin W. Fick Observatory closed. It was the last astronomical research observatory operated by a college or university at a dark-sky site in the state of Iowa.
On April 1, 2020, the Observatory and surrounding land (45.31 acres) was sold to Aaron Gillett for the price of $339,870.31 closing the observatory for good.

## Equipment

* 0.6 meter Cassegrain reflector, Mather telescope
* 8.5-meter parabolic dish antenna, Radio telescope
* Meade 14-inch Cassegrain reflector telescope
* Meade 10-inch Cassegrain reflector telescope
* Two Meade 8-inch Cassegrain reflector telescopes
# Sir Robert Shirley, 4th Baronet

Sir Robert Shirley, 4th Baronet (1629–1656), royalist conspirator, was the second son of Sir Henry Shirley, 2nd Baronet. Despite the Catholicism of his family, he was raised within the Church of England by his mother. He was admitted to Corpus Christi College, Cambridge, on 12 August 1645. The following year, on the death of his elder brother, Charles, he inherited the baronetcy and also married, against the wishes of his family, Katharine (d. 1672), daughter of Humphrey Okeover, of Okeover, Staffordshire.
Following the death of his uncle the Earl of Essex Shirley inherited half the Devereux property in England and Ireland. An ardent royalist, he confronted soldiers at the parliamentary garrison at Ashby-de-la-Zouch in 1648. In 1650 he was imprisoned in the Tower of London and his lands were sequestrated. His youth and his association with Essex led to his release and the restoration of his lands. He continued his political activity, becoming a focus of royalist opposition in the Midlands, while Staunton Harold became a refuge for displaced Laudian clerics. In 1653 he began the rebuilding of Staunton Harold church as a symbol of his political and religious beliefs. He was again arrested and sent to the Tower. While there he became the royalists' financial agent and drew up proposals for royalist reorganization on the basis of complete identification of the royal cause with the Church of England. He died in the Tower, probably of smallpox, in November 1656 and was buried at Breedon on the Hill, Leicestershire the following month, the funeral sermon being preached by Gilbert Sheldon.
# Tore Frängsmyr

Tore Lennart Frängsmyr (8 July 1938 in Skellefteå – 28 August 2017 in Uppsala) was a Swedish historian. He was the first holder of the Hans Rausing professorship in the history of science at Uppsala university. According to J.L. Heilbron, Frängsmyr "dominated the history of science in Sweden from his chair at the University of Uppsala for a quarter century."
Frängsmyr was born in 1938, the son of Johan and Linnea Karlsson. He grew up in Sjöbotten outside Bureå in Västerbotten, as the fifth of eight children; the family took the name Frängsmyr in 1954, after Frängsmyren, a wetland area near Sjöbotten. Tore Frängsmyr worked as a freelance journalist at the newspaper Norra Västerbotten in the 1950s, while he was still at school. After his secondary school graduation in Skellefteå, he moved to Uppsala in 1958, to study philosophy and history.
He specialised in the history of science and the history of ideas, and finished his PhD at Uppsala university in 1969. The title of his dissertation was Geologi och skapelsetro (lit. Geology and creationism).
Frängsmyr wrote several works in English, including books about Linnaeus, Berzelius, and Vetenskapsakademien, which contributed to the spreading of knowledge about the Swedish history of science. He was also the chairman of the scientific board counselling the editors of Nationalencyklopedin when that encyclopedia was first being created. He was the founding editor of Tvärsnitt, a popular science magazine, and served in the post between 1979 and 1985.
In 1981, he became Professor of the science of technology at Linköping University, and from 1982 he had a professorship in the history of science at Uppsala university. In 2001, the daughter of Swedish industrialist Hans Rausing donated money to Uppsala university to institute a chair in the history of science. Tore Frängsmyr became the first holder of this professorship, which he held until his retirement in 2007.
In 2008, colleagues and friends celebrated his 70th birthday with a commemorative volume of seventeen essays on history of science titled Aurora Torealis; essayists included Robert Darnton, J.L. Heilbron, and Svante Lindqvist.
He was an elected member of a number of learned societies, including the American Philosophical Society, the Royal Swedish Academies of Letters, History and Antiquities, the Sciences, and the Engineering Sciences. He worked closely with the Nobel Foundation for many years, helping to organize the publication of Nobel Lectures by prizewinners and also taking part in the annual Nobel Prize ceremony as "the rather avuncular figure who hands the medals and diplomas to the King of Sweden."
In Uppsala, he was Inspektor (honorary chairman) of the student organisation Norrlands nation from 2003 to 2011.
Frängsmyr married Birgitta, née Thunholm, in 1970 and the couple had four children. They were married until his death in 2017.