OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Leonardo's aerial screw

The Italian polymath Leonardo da Vinci drew his design for an "aerial screw" in the late 1480s, while he was employed as a military engineer by Ludovico Sforza, Duke of Milan from 1494 to 1499. The original drawing is part of a manuscript dated to 1487 to 1490 and appears on folio 83-verso of Paris Manuscript B [it; pl], part of the papers removed from the Biblioteca Ambrosiana in 1795 by Napoleon and still held by the Institut de France in Paris.
Leonardo biographer Walter Isaacson has expressed the belief that it was “devised for a theatrical spectacle”. The "aerial screw" was one of several aerial machines drawn by Leonardo, including an early parachute, an ornithopter and a hang glider.
The pen-and-ink sketch outlines an idea for a flying machine similar to a modern helicopter, with a spiral rotor or "aerial screw" based on a water screw, but intended to push against the fluid of the air instead of water.
The design comprises a large structure, built on a solid circular platform, with a central vertical pole supported by three diagonal members meeting at a small circular plate about halfway up the pole. The upper half of the pole is the supportive axis for a large spiralling sail of linen with a radius of about 5 m (16 ft), stiffened with starch. The inner edge of the sail winds clockwise around the pole, while the outer edge of the sail is connected by ropes or wires to a ring that rotates around the lower platform. The design envisions a crew of several people on the wooden platform running around the central pole while holding handles that rotate the sail.
Leonardo's annotations suggest that a linen aerial screw, if turned quickly enough, would push against the air and lift the structure into the air. The notes indicate that Leonardo built small flying models of the aerial screw, but there were no indications for any provision to stop the reaction against the rotation of the sail from making the craft itself rotate in the opposite direction. It is conceivable that Leonardo could have constructed small working models, but a full-size working version could not have been realised due to the lack of sufficiently light but strong materials, and a powerful enough drive for the screw.
In 2022 a drone based on Leonardo's design was made by a team of engineers from University of Maryland and was presented at a conference in San Jose.
* Modern models
* Model in the Museo Nazionale Scienza e Tecnologia Leonardo da Vinci, Milan
* Model in the Hubschraubermuseum Bückeburg
# Guanabara, Santa Catarina

Guanabara is a neighborhood in Joinville, Santa Catarina, Brazil. It is located southeast of the city center.
# Hotel Paradise (album)

Hotel Paradise is the debut and only album by American disco vocalist Diva Gray, recorded for and released on Columbia Records. The album features the title track and "St. Tropez". It was produced by Luigi Ojival, which this album on LP is credited "Diva Gray & Oyster".

## Track listing

* St. Tropez (Michel Gouty, Pierre Nacabal) 5:45
* Up And Down (Gouty, Nacabal, Janice Marlene) 6:48
* Hotel Paradise (Nacabal, Christine Bennett, Michel Beaucarty) 5:48
* Good, Good Tequila (Beaucarty, Marlene, Nacabal) 6:47
* Magic Carpet Ride (Bennett, Beaucarty, Nacabal) 4:39
Bonus digital track
* Call Me (I Got What You Want)

## Personnel

* All vocals by Diva Gray
* Music played by Oyster (Luigi Ojival)
# New Faiyum

New Faiyum (Arabic: الفيوم الجديدة Madīnat al-Fayyūm al-Jadīdah) is a planned city in Middle Egypt. A third-generation new Egyptian city, it is a suburb of Faiyum in Faiyum Governorate. The city is located west of the Cairo-Aswan Western Desert Road, 100 km (62 mi) south of Cairo. It is 15 km (9.3 mi) away from the city of Faiyum, and 40 km (25 mi) away from the city of Beni Suef.

## History

New Faiyum was founded by presidential decree in 2000.
# Buyeo Pung

Buyeo Pung (扶餘豊, 623–668) was a prince of Baekje, one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea. He was son of the last king, Uija of Baekje. When Baekje fell to the Silla–Tang alliance in 660, he was a hostage who mortgaged the alliance of Baekje with Japan. He was shortly unofficially proclaimed king.
He came back with a Japanese army and Yamato general Abe no Hirafu to revive the country. General Boksin of the Baekje revival forces gave him the title King Pungjang (풍장왕; 豊璋王). He joined forces with the Baekje resistance led by general Boksin. In 663, however, the Baekje resistance and Japan lost the Battle of Baekgang to the army of Tang and Silla, and Baekje collapsed. The prince fled to neighboring Goguryeo. When Goguryeo collapsed, he was captured by the Tang army and sent to southern China in exile. His later life is unknown.
One of his brothers, Zenkō (善光 or 禅広), settled in Japan and was given the family name Kudara no Konikishi (百濟王; king of Baekje) by the emperor of Japan.

## Popular culture

* Portrayed by Jang Tae-sung in the 2012–2013 KBS1 TV series Dream of the Emperor.
# Henry Sylvester Cornwell

Henry Sylvester Cornwell (1831-June 15, 1886) was an American physician and poet.
Cornwell was a native of New London, Connecticut. He was one of a family of nine children, in humble circumstances, and for many years before his professional education he was a workman in a manufactory in New London. He graduated from Yale Medical School in 1863. Returning to New London after graduation, he soon acquired a lucrative practice, but failing health (from consumption) prevented him from making the most of his powers. He early became known as a poet and his occasional contributions to the local papers had more than a merely local reputation. He published one volume of his pieces, The Land of Dreams, and Other Poems (New London, 1878, 12mo.)
Cornwell died in New London, June 15, 1886, aged 51 years. The immediate cause of his death was an ulcer in the stomach.
This article incorporates public domain material from the 1886 Yale Obituary Record.
# Żuków, Przysucha County

Żuków is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wieniawa, within Przysucha County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately 4 kilometres (2 mi) south-west of Wieniawa, 10 km (6 mi) east of Przysucha, and 98 km (61 mi) south of Warsaw.
# Liam Donald

Liam Donald (born 23 Jan 1995) is an Australian rower. He is a national champion, a national representative at world championships and was an U23 World Champion.

## Club and state rowing

Donald was educated at St Kevin's College, Melbourne where he took up rowing. His senior club rowing is from the Mercantile Rowing Club in Melbourne.
He debuted at state representative level for Victoria in the 2014 youth eight which contested and won the Noel Wilkinson Trophy at the Interstate Regatta within the 2014 Australian Rowing Championships. He first rowed in the Victorian men's senior eight contesting the 2017 King's Cup at the Interstate Regatta. He again rowed in the Victorian King's Cup eights of 2018 and 2019 placing second to New South Wales on all three occasions.
At the 2017 Australian Rowing Championships in Mercantile colours he won the national coxless pair title, rowing with Mosman's Robert Black.

## International representative rowing

Donald made his Australian representative debut aged seventeen in 2012 selected in a junior coxless four to contest the 2012 Junior World Rowing Championships in Plovdiv, Bulgaria. That four rowed to a ninth place finish. In 2013 her again rowed in a coxed four at the Junior World Rowing Championships, this time in Trakai where he stroked the four to a seventh place finish.
In 2016 he was selected in an Australian U23 eight for the World Rowing U23 Championships in Rotterdam and finished in eighth place. In 2017 he rowed in the Australian coxless four at the World Rowing U23 Championships in Plovdiv and raced to a gold medal and an U23 world championship
Donald made his first national senior squad appearances in the Australian men's eight in 2018 at the World Rowing Cup II in Linz and at the WRC III in Lucerne where the Australians took a silver medal 0.14 seconds behind Germany. The stage was set for the close competition that played out at the 2018 World Championships in Plovdiv. In their heat the Australian eight finished 5/100ths of a second behind the USA and then in the final, Germany dominated and took gold but 2/10ths of a second separated 2nd through to 4th and the Australians took silver, a bowball ahead of Great Britain with the US out of the medals. Donald rowed in the bow seat and came home with a silver world championship medal.
In 2019 Donald was again selected in the Australian men's eight for the 2019 international representative season. The eight placed 5th at the World Rowing Cup II in Poznan and 6th at WRC III in Rotterdam.
# Isaac Adler (physician)

Isaac Adler (c. 1849–1918) was an American physician known for his published descriptions of lung cancer cases in the early 20th century.

## Early life

Isaac Adler was born in Alzey, Grand Duchy of Hesse, in about 1849 to Henriette Frankfurter and noted rabbi Samuel Adler. In 1857, the family emigrated to the United States. Adler received an undergraduate degree from Columbia College in 1868, then his M.D. in Heidelberg, Germany, in 1871.

## Medical career

Beginning in 1875, Adler worked as a physician at German Hospital (now Lenox Hill Hospital) in New York City. In 1892, Adler was appointed professor of clinical psychology at the New York Polyclinic Medical School. In 1898, he was elected consulting physician at Montefiore Home.
In 1912, Adler published the work for which he is best known, "Primary Malignant Growths of the Lungs and Bronchi". In the first review of lung cancer, previously a rare disease, Adler listed 374 known cases from various European registries. Adler noted "a decided increase" in lung cancer, and speculated that tobacco or alcohol could be involved. Adler suggested that lung cancer was frequently misdiagnosed as tuberculosis.

## Personal life

Adler married Frida Grumbacher on May 24, 1874. Adler died at his New York City home on May 4, 1918.
# Neil Berry (footballer)

Neil Berry (born 6 April 1963) is a Scottish former footballer, who played the majority of his career with Heart of Midlothian.
He was known for his tough-tackling, no nonsense style of play. He was a regular in the Hearts team throughout much of the 1980s and early 1990s, and was a member of the 1985–86 team that lost the league title on the last game of the season to Celtic, and the 1986 Scottish Cup Final to Aberdeen.
Although he was chiefly a midfielder, he could also play in defence and was often drafted into the rearguard alongside the likes of Craig Levein.
# Anita Sirgo

Ana Sirgo Suárez, known as Anita Sirgo, (20 January 1930 – 15 January 2024) was a Spanish communist militant. She played a very active role during the Asturian miners' strike of 1962, contributing in a prominent way to its success.

## Early life

Sirgo was born on 20 January 1930 into a family of miners politically committed to communism and without the possibility of accessing education. With the end of the Civil War and the fall of the Second Republic, her father fled to the mountains to join the resistance, while her mother was detained in Arnao prison, a fate that other relatives also suffered. She was then picked up by some of her aunts and uncles, who took her to live in Andrín, Llanes. There she worked in the fields and also collaborated as a liaison for the guerrillas from the age of nine. At the age of twelve, she was discovered and arrested by the Civil Guard along with other family members, including her mother and her uncle, Fidel Suárez Campurru. The Civil Guard also took away the furniture of the house, which years later appeared to be used in the headquarters of the Falange. She had the opportunity to see her father for the last time, before he was murdered in 1947 and buried in a ditch that has not yet been located. On 26 January 1948, her uncle died along with other guerrillas.
In 1950 she married Alfonso Braña Castaño, a miner in the Fondón mine. Both began to be more active in the Communist Party of Spain.

## 1962 Strike

About a month after the beginning of the 1962 miners' strike, a failure began to loom, with miners proposing to return to work. Given the situation, the women of the mining basin decided to organize and actively support the strike in the face of the situation of misery in which they found themselves. Thus, they organized pickets and prevented the scabs from accessing the wells.
In addition, Siro participated decisively in the organization of clandestine women's groups during the strike, with the collaboration of women such as Tina Pérez and Celestina Marrón.These groups were responsible, among other things, for collecting aid in the form of food, transmitting messages or distributing leaflets.
Sirgo participated in the occupation in the cathedral of Oviedo during the 1962 strike along with about forty other women. Under the principle of active non-violence, they tried to give visibility to the struggle throughout the Spanish territory and came to have the support of the auxiliary bishop of the time, Segundo García de la Sierra. They ended the lockdown after solidarity strikes were organised in countries such as France and Belgium, bringing their work to an end.
# Hans Donauer

Hans Donauer (c1521, Munich – 1596, Munich), was a German Renaissance painter. He is sometimes known as Hans Donauer the Elder. His surname is sometimes spelt "Thonauer or Thunauer.

## Biography

According to Karel van Mander he was the teacher of Hans Rottenhammer.
According to the RKD he was also the teacher of the painter Kaspar Amort.
# Mahmoud Karam

Mahmoud Karam (born 17 November 1982) is an Egyptian handball player for Al Rayyan and the Egypt national team. He competed in the men's tournament at the 2004 Summer Olympics.
# Artyom Prokhorov

Artyom Viktorovich Prokhorov (Russian: Артём Викторович Прохоров; born 10 May 1989) is a former Russian professional football player.

## Club career

He played 3 seasons in the Russian Football National League for FC Salyut Belgorod.
# Taurosta Bridge

The Taurosta Bridge (Lithuanian: Taurostos tiltas) is a bridge in Jonava, Lithuania, over which the A6 highway crosses the Neris river. It is the only bridge in the city that can be used by big trucks.
# Hasan Nazih

Hasan Nazih (Persian: حسن نزیه) (1921–2012) was an Iranian civil rights lawyer and politician. Following the Islamic revolution in Iran he briefly served as the head of the National Iranian Oil Company (NIOC) between February and September 1979.

## Early life and education

Nazih was born in Tabriz in 1921. However, there is another report giving his birth year as 1920. He held a law degree, which he received from the University of Tehran in 1944. Until 1953 he attended the University of Geneva for doctoral study in law, but he returned to Iran without completing his study.

## Political activities and career

After graduation Nazih served as a judge in Iran for four years before pursuing his graduate studies at the University of Geneva which he did not complete, and therefore, he returned to Iran in 1953. He was one of the central council members of the National Front and a supporter of Prime Minister Mohammad Mosaddegh during the 1950s. He joined the foundation of the Liberation Movement of Iran or Freedom Movement which was led by Mahdi Bazargan in 1961. Nazih founded the Association of Iranian Jurists and served as its director from 1966 to 1978. He was one of the lawyers of Mahmoud Taleghani together with Ahmad Sayyed Javadi in 1977. The same year Nazih significantly contributed to the formation of the Iranian Committee for the Defense of Freedom and Human Rights.
Nazih was also among the prominent figures who supported the 1979 revolution. However, he did not support the Assembly of Experts which drafted Iran's new constitution. On the other hand, he was appointed by Prime Minister Mahdi Bazargan as head of the NIOC on 17 February 1979. Nazih was a critic of Ayatollah Khomeini and stated on 28 May that the Ayatollah's remarks on labelling on those who opposed to the religious leadership enemies of the revolution were not acceptable.
The members of the Revolutionary Council, Mohammad Beheshti and Mohammad Mofatteh, argued that since Nazih criticised Khomeini with this statement, he should be sacked. In addition, Ayatollah Khomeini's son-in-law Shahabuddin Eshraqi initiated a campaign against him in July 1979. They accused Nazih of being a CIA agent. On 28 September 1979, Nazih was relieved from the post by the prime minister and also, forced underground. Nazih announced that he wanted to be tried by a panel, including Mahdi Bazargan and Khomeini. Ali Akbar Moinfar, who would also become the first oil minister, succeeded Nazih as the head of the NIOC. Later the case against Nazih was dropped by the prosecution.

## Exile and death

Nazih fled Iran and settled in France in autumn 1979, and there he took refuge. Nazih also left the Freedom Movement in 1979. In exile, he formed the Front for the National Sovereignty of Iran in 1983. Later he headed the Council for the Preparation of a Transition Government in Iran, which had been formed in Germany in 1992. The group launched a publication with the editorship of Nazih in Germany.
In his later years, Nazih suffered from Alzheimer's disease and died in Paris in September 2012.
# Toby Hession

Toby Hession (born 6 February 1997) is an English composer, conductor, and pianist.

## Early life and studies

Hession was born in Peterborough. Between 2010 and 2015 he attended Chetham's School of Music, Manchester, studying piano with Masayuki Tayama, with whom he continues to study, and composition with Gavin Wayte. He read music at Clare College, Cambridge and graduated in 2018, having held a choral scholarship and an instrumental award there.

## Compositions

Hession has written works which have been performed in numerous venues (amongst them Westminster Abbey, King's College, Cambridge, Peterborough Cathedral, etc.) by such ensembles as the Choir of Clare College, Cambridge, Aurora Orchestra, the Manchester Camerata, the Commonwealth Festival Orchestra and Inner Voices.
Hession's recent works include a commission by The King's Singers and a set of canticles premièred by the Choir of Clare College, Cambridge in 2018. His works have been broadcast on Classic FM and Radio 3 and are published by Edition Peters.

## Conductor

Hession has conducted a wide range of ensembles in venues such as West Road Concert Hall, Cambridge, Westminster Abbey, Bridgewater Hall and Manchester Cathedral.
In January 2018, Hession conducted the UK premiere of Iván Fischer's Eine Deutsch-Jiddische Kantate in Clare College Chapel.

## Pianist

Hession has given performances across the UK, at venues including West Road Concert Hall, Cambridge, St. Martin in the Fields, St. James's Piccadilly, London, the Royal Northern College of Music and Peterborough Cathedral. He has performed Grieg's Piano Concerto and Beethoven's Fifth Piano Concerto ('Emperor') with the Cambridge University Music Society (CUMS) orchestra and the East Anglia Chamber Orchestra respectively.
# Furmanov (inhabited locality)

Furmanov (Russian: Фурманов) is the name of several inhabited localities in Russia.
# Sergei Pankov (footballer)

Sergei Yevgenyevich Pankov (Russian: Серге́й Евгеньевич Панков; born 31 December 1978) is a former Russian professional football player.

## Club career

He played 4 seasons in the Russian Football National League for FC Metallurg Lipetsk and FC Spartak Nizhny Novgorod.
# Saeid Chahjouei

Saeid Chahjouei (Persian: سعید چاه‌جویی‌; born 22 June 1986) is an Iranian football player, currently playing for Kanjanapat in the Thai League 3. He is a Bronze Medalist of 2006 Asian Games with Iran national under-23 football team.

## Club career
### Statistics

| Club performance | Club performance | Club performance | League | League | Cup | Cup | Continental | Continental | Total | Total |
| Season | Club | League | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Iran | Iran | Iran | League | League | Hazfi Cup | Hazfi Cup | Asia | Asia | Total | Total |
| 2005–06 | Esteghlal Ahvaz | Pro League | 1 | 0 | | | - | - | | |
| 2006–07 | Esteghlal Ahvaz | Pro League | 3 | 0 | | | - | - | | |
| 2007–08 | Aboumoslem | Pro League | 30 | 0 | | | - | - | | |
| 2008–09 | Aboumoslem | Pro League | 11 | 0 | | | - | - | | |
| 2009–10 | Moghavemat Sepasi | Pro League | 19 | 1 | | | - | - | | |
| 2010–11 | Aboumoslem | Division 1 | 20 | 0 | | | - | - | | |
| 2011–12 | Rah Ahan | Pro League | 8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | - | - | 8 | 0 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 92 | 1 | | | 0 | 0 | | |
# Cullicudden

Cullicudden (Scottish Gaelic: Cùl a' Chudainn) is an ancient village located close to the southeast shore of the Cromarty Firth, 2 miles northeast of Dingwall, on the west shore of the Black Isle in Ross-shire, Scottish Highlands and is in the Scottish council area of Highland.

## Settlements

Cullicuden is located 4 miles west-south-west of Invergordon and 25.5 miles north of Inverness.
# Zherdev (surname)

Zherdev, Zherdeva is a Russian surname Russian: Жердев, where 'Жердь' means 'perch'. Notable people with the surname include:
* Andrei Zherdev (born 1989), Russian footballer
* Gleb Zherdev (born 2000), Belarusian footballer
* Nikolay Zherdev (born 1984), Ukrainian-Russian ice hockey player
# Liri Gero

Liri Gero (1926–1944) was a young Albanian communist activist and resistance member during World War II. Fighting along the partisan forces, she was killed in a skirmish with the Nazis. For her heroism she received the title People's Hero of Albania.

## Life

Gero was Albanian of Aromanian descent, born in Fier, central Albania, in 1926. At a very young age she was involved with the resistance, as part of the communist cells opposing the Fascist occupation. Her home was one of the "safe houses" used by the resistance members for their activities. On 14 September 1943, Gero and other 67 girls from Fier, 68 in total joined the same night the ranks of the partisans of the National Liberation Movement, a remarkable moment in the history of Albanian resistance, considering the fact that Fier had around 5,000 people at the time.
Liri joined the 16th Attacking Brigade (Albanian: Brigada e 16-të Sulmuese). On 6 October 1944, while fighting against the German forces along the national road in Çukas near Lushnje, she was wounded. Without the possibility to move, she continued fighting until she lost her senses. The Nazis found her unconscious. Infuriated by the non-predicted resistance of the 17-year-old, they tied her to a tree, poured gasoline on her, and set her on fire.
She received posthumously the "People's Hero" (Heroinë e Popullit) title. Her monument resides in one of Fier's main parks since 2010. A school and a neighborhood in Fier are also named after her.
# Czech Beer Festival

Czech Beer Festival (Czech: Český pivní festival) is the biggest beer festival in the Czech Republic, held for 17 days every year in May in Prague since 2008. The festival features around 120 different beers, including 70 Czech brands and other foreign brews, including those from the United States and the United Kingdom, with up to 10,000 seating capacity and service provided by around 200 girls and boys dressed in Czech traditional costumes.
British newspaper The Financial Times ranked the festival to be among 40 global events that you should visit in 2012. Formerly, visitors used a special currency, the Tolar, to pay for beer and food at the festival. Now it is a magnetic card, to which visitors can load any amount of cash.
The first smaller version of Czech Beer Festival outside the country was held in September 2010 in Frankfurt, the next year it also spread to Berlin and Moscow. The largest was in Moscow in the VDNKh park, with a capacity of 10,000 seats. In 2013 it also debuted in Chicago and New York.
The festival was canceled in 2019 after a disagreement with the local government in the 7th district of Prague, and also with the leadership of the city. The 2020 edition was not held due to the COVID-19 pandemic in the Czech Republic. It is unclear whether the festival will return again after this.