# 1793 in Canada

Events from the year 1793 in Canada.

## Incumbents

* Monarch: George III

### Federal government

* Parliament of Lower Canada — 1st
* Parliament of Upper Canada — 1st

### Governors

* Governor of the Canadas: Guy Carleton, 1st Baron Dorchester
* Governor of New Brunswick: Thomas Carleton
* Governor of Nova Scotia: John Wentworth
* Commodore-Governor of Newfoundland: John Elliot
* Governor of St. John's Island: Edmund Fanning
* Governor of Upper Canada: John Graves Simcoe

## Events

* May 9 – First Parliament, of Lower Canada prorogued.
* July 9 – Act Against Slavery passed into law, making Upper Canada the first British territory to bring in legislation against slavery, although it did not abolish slavery entirely.
* Alexander Mackenzie reaches Pacific Ocean at Bella Coola.
* David Thompson surveys Muskrat Country west of Hudson Bay.
* HBC Brandon House established on the Assiniboine River, outpost for trade south and southwest to Missouri and Yellowstone.
* Mackenzie reaches the Pacific at Dean Channel.
* Merchant vessels first navigate Lake Ontario.

## Births

* March 24 : François-Xavier Paré, politician.

## Deaths

* March 30 : François-Marie Picoté de Belestre, colonial soldier.

## Historical documents

With Louis XVI's execution, British feel "such sentiments of indignation and revenge" that if war begins, it will be most popular ever
War will "preserve our most holy Religion [and] our Civil Constitution[...]from a total subversion by the enemies of Christianity, order, and subordination"
Army wife in England glad her husband not called to war front as she nears childbirth, and hopes for transfer to Canada after his promotion

### Lower Canada

Proclamation warns of those who "hold Seditious Discourses, or utter Treasonable Words, spread false News" etc. sparked by present regime in France
French and English are used in House of Assembly, with bills written in one language to be translated into other, and in most, French deemed "authentic"
Lone candidate for Quebec County wins seat in House without use of "coc[k]ades or liquor" in campaign (something "to be wished for" in elections)
Advice to young members of House: "Above all things avoid bitterness of language, and terms of reproach; you meet not to revile, but to reason"
Lt. Gov. Alured Clarke's proclamation advising Lower Canadians of letters of marque and benefit of convoy offered in war with France
Considering him "as a Father," Canadians "repose the highest confidence in" Governor General Lord Dorchester, who has returned to Lower Canada
Any Quebec Benevolent Society member who is too sick, blind, lame or old to work is entitled to 15s per week for 12 weeks and half that afterward
Praise for Recollect Pére de Berey showing "beneficence and disinteressment" to Protestants, even allowing them to hold services in his church
Chief Justice links piety and prosperity, citing France which, "after scoffing at Christianity,[...]tumbled down a kingdom[...]splendid for its wealth"
"A Likely, Healthy, Stout Mulatto Young Man" for sale is "used to House-work[...]and is fit for any hard Labour"

### Upper Canada

Suggestions regarding provincial affairs sent by U.C. official to Home Secretary Henry Dundas include domestic issues and relations with U.S.A.
"It is highly expedient to abolish Slavery in this Province" - Upper Canada outlaws moving enslaved people into province
With possible U.S. naval buildup on Lake Erie and their hostility toward Indigenous nations, Lt. Gov. Simcoe should stay aware of defence needs
Simcoe's long assessment of military assets and needs on lower Great Lakes includes suggestion that Toronto Harbour be developed first
In message to "Western Indians," Simcoe reviews history of British respect for Indigenous land rights and independence
Simcoe will maintain long-time practice of supplying food to Indigenous people "to rescue the Savage from[...]his own debauchery and[...]our Traders"
Simcoe acknowledges importance of Joseph Brant who, though critical, is "attached" to British second only to Indigenous independence
Bennington, Vermont resident invites Thomas Jefferson to join in seeking grant of 2 million acres in U.C., citing great population increase
En route to Detroit, Simcoe party stops at Six Nations of the Grand River and is struck by its appearance and women's singing (Note: "squaws" used)
Settlers encouraged to kill wolves and bears within 5 miles of settlements and bring heads for reward (£1 per wolf and 10s per bear)
Four "associates" are granted township (Glanford) in Lincoln County for settlement of dozens of farmers, with petitioner receiving 1,200 acres
Twelve veteran junior officers are granted 1,000 acres each (except one getting 1,500 acres) near Burlington Bay
Elizabeth Simcoe says Indigenous people canoeing "with that inexpressible care and composure[...]is the prettiest sight imaginable"
Elizabeth Simcoe describes "canvas house" in which she gave birth in January, calling it "remarkably warm" and "so very quiet"
Map: Upper Canada divided into counties
Painting of Toronto Harbour shows ships firing salute

### Nova Scotia

Alarmed at frigate (British, it turns out) in Halifax Harbour entrance, infantry and artillery fall in and militia assembles in 30 minutes
Sermon on Ten Commandments includes ban under 6th Commandment on slander and "suggesting evil," and under 8th on any effort to "equalize all"
Pictou Presbyterian minister asks synod to send ministers to preach, some in English and others in Gaelic
Wilmot residents ask on behalf of community to receive land unfit for farming, as clearing it will expose them to winds and "injurious fogs"
Man experienced with pineapple stoves, greenhouses, orchards and gardens, and farm implements, fences, soils etc., seeks employment

### New Brunswick

Edward Winslow says N.B. inhabitants are gradually extending "their cultivation," towns have good markets and farmers live comfortably
"Such is the spirit of loyalty in this Infant City" - Saint John residents feel defiant when French privateer is spotted in Bay of Fundy
Lieutenant Governor's directive forbids anyone to bother Indigenous people on Inmans Island, where they have made all improvements
In "Indian school" at Woodstock, girls and boys age 9–17, having "been Disappointed in the English School," improve their pronunciation and reading
Insolvent debtor with family asks House of Assembly for relief after one of his creditors refuses to allow his release from jail

### Newfoundland

Fisher from Fortune Bay, Newfoundland says its fishery has increased in size nearly to pre-war level, along with number of fishers and residents
Another committee witness says poverty causes many Newfoundland fishers to want to move to Canada, and departures would greatly serve fishery

### Western interior

Legend of L'Enfant perdu on French River near Lake Nipissing says drowned child could be heard moaning for days after he disappeared in water
Long description of layout of fur trade base and its commerce at Grand Portage on Lake Superior
London trader reports to Detroit trader that fur market has collapsed and with it need for "Indian Goods" to exchange for furs
"Most abounding in all the north west" - Long list of mammals (including grizzly), birds and fish (including sturgeon) in Assiniboine River valley
Alexander Mackenzie on his problems with Indigenous helpers, dissatisfied colleagues, and his life "deprived of every comfort"

### Pacific coast

Alexander Mackenzie arrives at salt water to find local people "troublesome" and then "hostile," but "a reconciliation" follows
Mackenzie describes coastal village's house "of devotion or sacrifice," with massive 12-ft. posts carved into human figures and supporting ridge poles
George Vancouver says people of Queen Charlotte Sound have "a lively genius" and are "great humourists" despite women's "hideous [lip] distortion"

### Elsewhere

St. Pierre and Miquelon surrender to British forces without firing from 8-gun harbour battery that "might have given us some trouble"
Calling Inuit outside their congregation "deeply rooted in the habitual practice of every vice," Labrador missionaries itemize their "wicked ways"
Little-known facts about Marat's and Robespierre's British connections