OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Ditsong Museums of South Africa

Ditsong Museums is an amalgamation of eight museums in the Pretoria and Johannesburg environs in the Gauteng Province. The museums "have diverse collections covering the fields of fauna and flora, palaeontology, military history, cultural history, geology, anthropology and archaeology."

## Museums

Ditsong manages several institutions from its central headquarters in the former Native Affairs building on Church street, Pretoria.
* Ditsong National Museum of Natural History
* Ditsong National Museum of Military History
* Ditsong National Museum of Cultural History
* Pionier Museum
* Sammy Marks Museum
* Tswaing Meteorite Crater
* Kruger Museum
* Willem Prinsloo Agricultural Museum

## Mandate

According to the website the "mandate of the organisation is as follows:
* Collection, conservation and safe management of national heritage collections on behalf of the South African nation.
* Carry out research and publish such information for the cultural, social and economic use locally and internationally.
* Design, implement and manage exhibitions and public programmes with a view to supporting the national educational curriculum, economic development and other socio-economic objectives of the Government.
* Render heritage-based service to other museums (national, provincial, local and private) as well as to individuals and tertiary institutions."
# Picture of a Thousand Faces

Picture of a Thousand Faces is the second album by the American band the Eric Gales Band, released in 1993. Gales was 18 when the album came out. The first single was "Paralyzed", which peaked at No. 31 on Billboard's Mainstream Rock chart. The band supported the album with a North American tour.

## Production

The album was recorded at Ardent Studios and Kiva Studios, in Memphis. It was produced primarily by Jim Gaines, who developed appendicitis during the recording sessions. The band's label, Elektra, hired Terry Thomas to help Gales achieve a poppier sound on some of the tracks. Eric's brother, Eugene, moved from bass to guitar, so that the band could have a fuller sound. Some songs were influenced by the Gales brothers' Christian faith, although Eugene did not consider the music to be Christian rock. "Angel of the Night" is a ballad. "I Want You (She's So Heavy)" is a cover of the Beatles song. "Take a Look (Deep Inside of You)" reflects on the 1992 Los Angeles riots.

## Critical reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| The Indianapolis Star | |
| Philadelphia Daily News | |
| Pittsburgh Post-Gazette | |
| Tampa Bay Times | |
The Philadelphia Daily News noted that "since Jimi's sad demise, there's been a horde of guys trying to kiss the Hendrix flame and make a blazing soul-rock connection... Eric Gales, represented here with his bristling second album, is one of the cockier challengers". The Las Vegas Review-Journal said that Gales, with Picture of a Thousand Faces, is "a rare example of a new artist with a sound that rocks hard enough for 'mainstream' radio formats, but with a sophistication more common to the alternative or 'adult eclectic' side of the dial." The Tampa Bay Times concluded that, "with his blazing blues-rock excursions a given, the only big obstacle for Gales is finding material".
The Los Angeles Times opined that "while the new second album ... is an improvement over the debut collection, neither one features any grabbers." The Hamilton Spectator concluded that "the right combination of rock and soul, killer tunes ... and wailing solos make Picture of a Thousand Faces one of the guitar rock albums of the year." The Indianapolis Star stated that "the band's distinctive sound—punctuated with smooth lead vocals from Gales and his brother Eugene layered over frenzied guitar work—is easily discernible from the mishmash of a lot of rock on the radio". The Pittsburgh Post-Gazette concluded: "Not content to ape archaic gutbucket blues like many white-bread contemporaries, heavy blues rock, in Gales' hands, hasn't sounded this good since the unfortunate demise of Badlands. Ten years ago, they would've called this a metal album."
# Borealonectes

Borealonectes is a genus of rhomaleosaurid pliosauroid, a type of plesiosaur. Its fossils were found in the Callovian-age (Middle Jurassic, about 165-161 million years ago) Hiccles Cove Formation of Melville Island, Canada, one of the islands in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. It is based on a skull, neck vertebrae, and the right forelimb of one individual. Named in 2008 by Sato and Wu, Borealonectes is one of the few plesiosaurs known from the Jurassic of North America, and the first marine reptile from the Canadian Arctic with a well-preserved skull. The type species is B. russelli.
# Clark Blanchard Millikan

Clark Blanchard Millikan (August 23, 1903 – January 2, 1966) was a distinguished professor of aeronautics at the California Institute of Technology (Caltech), and a founding member of the National Academy of Engineering.

## Biography

Millikan's parents were noted physicist Robert A. Millikan and Greta Erwin Blanchard. He attended the University of Chicago Laboratory Schools, graduated from Yale College in 1924, then earned his PhD in physics and mathematics at Caltech in 1928 under Professor Harry Bateman. He became a professor upon receiving his degree, full professor of aeronautics in 1940, and director of the Guggenheim Aeronautical Laboratory in 1949.
His first major engineering work began with the construction of large wind tunnels, particularly the Southern California Cooperative Wind Tunnel in Pasadena, which was shared by five major aircraft companies. In 1942, Rolf Sabersky worked in mechanical design on the Southern California Cooperative Wind Tunnel under Mark Serrurier and Hap Richards. Caltech wind tunnels were subsequently used during the design phase of more than 600 types of aircraft and missiles.
He was active in the formation of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory during World War II, and served as chairman of Caltech's Jet Propulsion Laboratory committee from 1949 onwards. He also taught first college course in rocket propulsion in the United States. He authored Aerodynamics of the Airplane.
Millikan received both the Medal for Merit from the U.S. President and the British government's King's Medal for Service in the Cause of Freedom for his World War II work in aeronautics and ballistic missiles. He also served as a member of the Air Force Scientific Advisory Board, Naval Research Advisory Committee, Defense Science Board, and the Scientific Advisory Committee of the Army Ballistic Research Laboratory. He was a fellow of the Royal Aeronautical Society of Great Britain, the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and the American Physical Society, and an honorary fellow of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (having served as president of its predecessor, the Institute of Aeronautical Sciences, in 1937). He was elected to the National Academy of Sciences in 1964 and was a founding member of the National Academy of Engineering.
# Battle of Zernest

The Battle of Zernest was fought on 11 August 1690, near the town of Zernest in southeastern Transylvania (today Zărnești, in Romania), between the allied forces of Transylvania and the Holy Roman Empire, and the allied forces of the Ottoman Empire, Tatar allies, Wallachians, and Hungarian Kurucs.

## Battle

Imre Thököly aspired to proclaim himself Prince of Transylvania; allied with the Turks, he had campaigned unsuccessfully in 1686 and 1688 to win the Transylvanian crown. In 1690 he launched another campaign. The Sultan gave him command of a 16,000-men (mostly Ottomans, Tatars, and some Kurucs) army with which he penetrated into Transylvania. He was later joined by Wallachian Voivode Constantin Brâncoveanu with a few thousand troops.
Brâncoveanu was the true master-mind of the campaign and managed to pass the Ottoman army through the Carpathians on barely known mountain-passes and so bypassing the Bran Pass which was defended and fortified by the Imperial army. Donat Heissler was as such forced to give battle near the city of Zărnești.
In the battle fought near this city, the combined Ottoman army decisively defeated the united Habsburg–Transylvanian army and captured Donat Heissler. Transylvanian count Mihály Teleki was killed in action.
Following this victory, a Diet called in Kereszténysziget elected Imre Thököly Prince of Transylvania. Nevertheless, he could only maintain his position against the Habsburg armies with the utmost difficulty. In 1691 he quit Transylvania altogether.

### Effect

Though Imre Thököly's reign was short-lived, it forced the Imperial army to move troops from Serbia to take back Transylvania, as from Transylvania, Hungary and the Imperial supply and communication lines could have been attacked. This movement of troops made it possible for the Ottomans to push the Holy League's army back across the Danube and even recapture the Banat. As a result, a stable front was made on the Danube river and on the Carpathian Mountains.
45°34′N 25°20′E﻿ / ﻿45.567°N 25.333°E﻿ / 45.567; 25.333

## Sources

Enciclopedia Romaniei Tudorduic Transsylvanica
# Zhou Hui

Zhou Hui (Chinese: 周惠; 1918 – November 18, 2004) was a People's Republic of China politician. He was born in Guannan County, Jiangsu Province. His birth name was Hui Jue (Chinese: 惠珏). He was the younger brother of Hui Yuyu, two-time governor of Jiangsu Province. He changed his name in 1938, when he joined the Chinese Communist Party and went to Yan'an, using his mother's surname as his own. He was Chinese Communist Party Committee Secretary of Hunan Province and Inner Mongolia from 1981 to 1982. At the Mountain Lu Conference in Jiujiang in 1959, Zhou Hui and his predecessor in Hunan, Zhou Xiaozhou, along with Huang Kecheng and Zhang Wentian, gave their support to Peng Dehuai. Unlike Zhou Xiaozhou, Huang and Zhang, Mao did not punish Zhou Hui for his support of Peng. Policies proposed by Zhou resulted in the 1981 Inner Mongolia student protest.
# Alexandru Păcurar

Alexandru Păcurar (born 20 January 1982) is a Romanian professional football player.

## Career
### Steaua București

On 25 July 2010 he makes dream debut for Steaua in Liga I against Universitatea Cluj. On 29 August he scored his first goal for Steaua in the 1–1 home match against FC Timişoara. On the next day, the club chairman George Becali announced, that he was sold due to bad discipline. Păcurar spent only 2 months in Steaua and was sold to Universitatea Cluj.

### PFC CSKA Sofia

On 27 July 2012 Alex signed a 3-year contract with PFC CSKA Sofia. Păcurar made his official debut for CSKA in 3–0 home win against Botev Vratsa.
# The Colleges of Law

The Colleges of Law is a private law school in Santa Barbara and Ventura, California. It is accredited by the WASC Senior College and University Commission and approved by the Committee of Bar Examiners of the State Bar of California.

## History

The Ventura campus was founded in 1969 and the Santa Barbara campus was added in 1975. As of 2007, the colleges have over 1,600 alumni. In 2010, The Colleges of Law joined The Community Solution, an integrated nonprofit system of colleges and universities. In 2016, Jackie Gardina was appointed Dean and Chief Academic Officer, succeeding Heather Georgakis, who served COL for three decades, including 15 years as Dean.

## Accreditation

The Colleges of Law is accredited by the WASC Senior College and University Commission. Additionally, the Juris Doctor program has been approved by the Committee of Bar Examiners of the State Bar of California for more than 30 years. This approval applies to both campuses (Santa Barbara and Ventura). Neither campus is accredited by the American Bar Association. Upon graduation, students are eligible to take the California bar exam and practice law in California.

## Academics
### Juris Doctor

The Juris Doctor program is both full-time and part-time day and evening curriculum. Classes are generally held on Mondays, Tuesdays, and Thursdays in Santa Barbara and on Mondays, Wednesdays, and Thursdays in Ventura. The academic calendar consists of two 15-week semesters and a 10-week summer term. Typically, students complete the program within three to four years.

### Master of Legal Studies

In 2012, The Colleges of Law added a Master of Legal Studies (M.L.S.) degree to their course offerings. This program is available to students online, with an option to complete a campus residency. Upon entering the program, students choose between two concentrations: Frontiers in Law or Regulatory Compliance and Legal Risk Management. The M.L.S. degree can be completed in 18 months.

## Notable alumni

* Robert Krimmer, lawyer and former actor
* Chris Meagher, political advisor
# Light skin in Japanese culture

Bihaku (美白, 'beautifully white') is a Japanese term coined in the 1990s with the emergence of skin whitening products and cosmetics.

## Summary

Although skin tone differs based on a person's racial background, those with fair skin have difficulty maintaining skin tone due to a lack of melanin production. In Japan, the preference for skin that is white and free of blemishes has been documented since at least the Heian period (794–1185), as in books such as The Pillow Book and The Tale of Genji. There is an old proverb "white skin covers the seven flaws" (色の白いは七難隠す, iro no shiroi wa shichinan kakusu), which refers to a white-skinned woman being beautiful even if her features are not attractive.
Following Japanese colonial rule in Taiwan (1895–1945), Taiwanese women were consumers of Japanese skin whitening products in the 20th century. Mainland China has also become a large market for bihaku products from companies like Shiseido, Shu Uemura and SK-II in the 21st century. The South Korean girl group Girls' Generation collaborated with Dior in 2011 to promote their skin lightening cream, targeted consumers influenced by the Korean Wave and potentially increasing their presence in the East Asian cosmetics markets.
Bihaku products are highly popular among mature women. They are also popular with teenage girls and those in their twenties who desire to look like pop singers, such as Ayumi Hamasaki, and are promoted in numerous youth fashion magazines such as Popteen and S Cawaii!. Bihaku products are also prevalent and a key item in numerous youth subcultures such as gyaru and ageha girls. An opposition to the idea of fair skin beauty grew with the gyaru subculture called ganguro in the 1990s which later died out by the end of the 2000s.

## Lightening methods

The popular method of bihaku is to use cosmetics that stop the production of melanin. Traditionally, uguisu no fun was used to lighten skin tone, although today it is considered a luxury item. The most popular beauty products often contain sake and rice bran, which contain kojic acid.
The Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare has approved a specific combination of active ingredients for skin whitening cosmetics used by the general Japanese public. These are mainly arbutin and kojic acid. Other ingredients include vitamin C derivatives and tranexamic acid. Several of these key components function by suppressing the activity of catechol oxidase. VIORIS products, a variation of BB cream, are reputed to possess skin brightening properties, which have significantly bolstered the cream's appeal in the East Asian cosmetics markets.
# Svein Haagensen

Svein Johannes Haagensen (born 23 November 1939) is a Norwegian ice hockey player. He was born in Oslo and represented the club Hasle/Løren IL. He played for the Norwegian national ice hockey team, and participated at the Winter Olympics in 1968 and 1972.
# Garry Minkh

Garry Vladimirovich Minkh (Russian: Гарри Владимирович Минх; born 1 February 1959), is a Russian politician and legal figure, who is currently the plenipotentiary of the President of the Russia [ru] in the State Duma. He has the federal state civilian service rank of 1st class Active State Councillor of the Russian Federation.
He is a candidate of Legal Sciences. He was awarded the title of Honoured Lawyer of Russia in 1996. He is also one of the authors of the 2001 Legal Encyclopedia [ru].

## Biography

Garry Minkh was born on 1 February 1959 to a German family. He graduated from Tomsk Secondary School No. 6. In 1981, he graduated from Tomsk State University with a degree in law. In 1988, he undertook postgraduate study at the Faculty of Law of Moscow State University. He was part of the administrative and teaching work at Tomsk State University between 1981 and 1985 and 1988 and 1992. He currently teaches at the Faculty of Law at the National Research University Higher School of Economics, and is a professor at the Department of Constitutional and Municipal Law at the Higher School of Economics.
Since 1992, Minkh has worked in the Presidential Administration, where he held the positions of head of a sector, deputy head of a department - head of a sector, deputy head of a department - head of a department in the Main State Legal Directorate. From 2000 to 2002, he was the Deputy Head of the Main State Legal Directorate.
From 2002 to 2004, Minkh was the Plenipotentiary Representative of the Government of Russia [ru] in the Federation Council. In 2004, he moved to the Apparatus of the Government of Russia, where he was Director of the Legal Department until 2009.
In 2004, Minkh worked in the campaign headquarters of Vladimir Putin, in 2008, he was the chief lawyer of the campaign headquarters of Dmitry Medvedev. On 12 February 2009, Minkh became the Plenipotentiary Representative in the State Duma.

## Personal life
### Property and income

According to official data, Minkh's income for 2011 amounted to 4,680,000 rubles, while the spouse had no income. Together with his wife, Minkh owns a land plot with an area of 17 acres, a dacha with outbuildings, a guest house, 3 apartments and two cars.
According to the data posted in the declaration containing information on income, expenses, property and property obligations of persons holding government positions in Russia, in 2018 Minkh earned 13 391 942 rubles, for 2019 - 143.7 million rubles (in 11 times more). His wife's income for the same period amounted to 881,468 rubles.

### Incidents

On 19 January 2011, driving along the Rublevo-Uspenskoe highway [ru], Minkh in BMW 5 Series with registration number A073MP97, collided with an Opel Astra, driven by a 23-year-old woman. As a result of the accident, Minkh's driver, Vladimir Shugaev died. Minkh escaped with an abrasion, and the driver of the Opel Astra was hospitalized in serious condition. According to the results of the investigation, Minkh's driver was found guilty of the accident.
# Elhadji Bandeh

Elhadji Bandeh Kandeh (born 8 February 1990) is a Spanish professional footballer who plays as a forward for UE Sant Andreu.

## Club career

Born in Mataró, Barcelona, Catalonia, to Gambian parents, Bandeh represented Llongueras Sant Crist de Badalona, CF Damm, CE Europa as a youth. In 2009, he made his senior debut for CE Júpiter, in Primera Catalana. Five years later, he switched to Tercera División side FC Martinenc. He scored 16 goals in 32 matches and ended being the fifth highest scorer in his category in the season.
On 1 July 2015, Bandeh signed with AE Prat of the same tier. After a stint with Cerdanyola del Vallès FC in the following season, he moved to UE Sant Andreu on 17 July 2017, on a one-year deal.
On 31 January 2019, Bandeh moved abroad for the first time in his career and joined Greek Football League club Karaiskakis.
# Alison Snowden

Alison Snowden (born 4 April 1958) is an English animator, voice actress, producer, and screenwriter best known for Bob and Margaret alongside her Oscar-winning short Bob's Birthday which was also co-directed by her husband David Fine. Bob's Birthday serves as the pilot for the Alison Snowden and David Fine's animated TV show Bob and Margaret.

## Life and work

Born in Arnold, Nottinghamshire, Snowden studied at the Mansfield Art College, Lanchester Polytechnic (now Coventry University) and subsequently the National Film and Television School where she collaborated with future husband David Fine. Alison Snowden's short Second Class Mail was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Animated Short Film at the 58th Academy Awards.
At the 67th Academy Awards, Snowden and Fine's short Bob's Birthday received the Oscar.
Snowden and Fine's NFB films Bob's Birthday and George and Rosemary are included in the Animation Show of Shows.
Alison Snowden, along with her husband David Fine, both created and produced Bob's Birthday and Bob and Margaret; the two have also written for the animated TV show Peppa Pig. They also developed Shaun the Sheep, another animated series, for Aardman Animations, and created the character of Timmy.

### Family

Alison Snowden's daughter Lily is also a former voice actress with Astley Baker Davies, where she is best known for voicing Peppa Pig in the show of the same name, and has also appeared in Barbie: The Princess & the Popstar and the TV series Bob and Margaret. She currently works as an artist and illustrator.

## Filmography

Most of the following were done with David Fine.

### Screenwriter

* 1987: People and Science: A Test of Time
* 1989: In and Out
* 1993: Deadly Deposits
* 1993: Bob's Birthday
* 2007: Shaun the Sheep
* 2007: Ricky Sprocket: Showbiz Boy
* 2018: Animal Behaviour

### Director

* 1985: Second Class Mail
* 1987: People and Science: A Test of Time
* 1987: George and Rosemary
* 1989: In and Out
* 1993: Bob's Birthday
* 2018: Animal Behaviour

### Voice acting

* 1993: Bob's Birthday – Margaret Fish
* 1998: Bob and Margaret – Margaret Fish, Additional Voices
* 1998: Captain Star – Jelloide (one episode)
* 2004: Peppa Pig – Auntie Pig (Series 1-2) / Polly The Parrot
* 2007: Ricky Sprocket: Showbiz Boy – Additional voices
* 2018: Animal Behaviour - Linda

### Producer

* 1985: Second Class Mail
* 1993: Bob's Birthday

## Accolades

* 1986: Academy Award nomination for Second Class Mail
* 1988: Genie Award for Best Theatrical Short Film win for George and Rosemary
* 1995: Academy Award win for Bob's Birthday (with David Fine)
* 2019: Academy Award nomination for Animal Behaviour (with David Fine)