OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Jean Glover

Jean Glover or Jennifer Glover (1758–1801) was a Scottish poet and singer. She was the daughter of James Glover, handloom weaver and Jean Thomson, born in Townhead, Kilmarnock; was well educated for the time she lived in, clever and sharp-witted. She had a fine singing voice and exceedingly good looks of "both face and figure".
Robert Burns admired her voice and additionally he copied down her song "O'er the moor amang the heather" and sent it for printing in the Scots Musical Museum in 1792. Dougall records that Burns heard Jean in the Old Commercial Hotel in Croft Street, Kilmarnock. He matched it with a tune which first appeared in Bremner's Reels of 1760, and the song was also published in several later 18th Century collections. It is not clear where he heard her sing this song, however, it may have been at Irvine in 1781 as she was well known there and clearly he knew her well enough to record that she was "not only a whore but also a thief" and it has been suggested that he had one of his many affairs with her.

## Life and character

Jean eloped at an early age with Richard, either a surname or a first name, a 'sleight of hand performer' and leader of the group, one of the heroes of 'sock and buskin' (idleness and dressing in gaudy clothes). Jean had become both stage and star-struck. She is recorded as having performed with her partner at various public houses, theatres being few and far between, such as in 1795 at the Black Bottle Inn at Muirkirk and other small places of entertainment up and down the country, including Irvine as well as Kilmarnock at the 'Croft Lodge' where she was famed for singing 'Green grow the rushes'.
Other contemporaries are recorded as having said that she was merely "a roughly hardened tramp, a wilful, regardless woman."
A contact of the author James Paterson told him that she had seen Jean Glover "gally attired and playing on a tambourine at the mouth of a close, in which was the exhibition room of her husband the conjurer", and thought her "the bravest woman I had ever seen step in leather shoon." A few months prior to her death a final 'sighting' is known of her performing at Letterkenny in County Donegal, Ireland, in apparent good health. However, she died only a few months later.

## Association with Robert Burns

Burns took a surprisingly negative view of Jean Glover, explaining how he came to collect "O'er the moor amang the heather", although we cannot be sure that she did in fact compose the song :
"This song is the composition of a Jean Glover, a girl who was not only a whore but also a thief; and in one or other character has visited most of the correction houses in the west. She was born, I believe, in Kilmarnock. I took the song down from her singing as she was strolling the country with a slight of hand blackguard".
It has been suggested that the song is based on the Scots ballad "The Laird o' Drum", but little evidence can be found for this in any published collections. It was certainly a popular song in Ulster in the past.

## Micro-history

Jean's brother James worked at the Muirkirk iron-works.
# Studeničani

Studeničani (Macedonian: Студеничани; Albanian: Studeniçan) is a village in North Macedonia. It is a seat of Studeničani municipality.

## Demographics

According to the 2021 census, the village had a total of 8.004 inhabitants. Ethnic groups in the village include:
* Albanians 7.446
* Macedonians 316
* Turks 4
* Serbs 2
* Vlachs 2
* Bosniaks 1
* Others 233
| Year | Macedonian | Albanian | Turks | Romani | Vlachs | Serbs | Bosniaks | Others | Total |
| 2002 | 160 | 5.585 | 2 | ... | ... | 2 | 2 | 35 | 5.786 |
| 2021 | 316 | 7.446 | 4 | ... | 1 | 2 | 1 | 233 | 8.004 |
# Bhavani (1797 ship)

Bhavani, also known as Bhavanie (Hindi: भवानी, بھوانی), was a ship launched at Calcutta in 1797. She was under the command of Captain John Carse when she was wrecked on 12 November 1799 on the coast of France 3 miles (4.8 km) east of Boulogne-sur-Mer in a gale during a voyage from Calcutta to London. On 6 December 1799, Lloyds List reported that "The Bhavanie, Carse, from Bengal to London, is lost near Boulogne." The War of the Second Coalition was raging at the time, and the French took her officers and crew prisoner.
Bhavani was part of a convoy under the escort of the Royal Navy frigate HMS Endymion at the time she was wrecked. French forts had initially fired on Bhavani but ceased when it became clear that she was a merchantman in distress. Twenty-four of her crew died, most of whom were Europeans; the rest were lascars. The French were solicitous of the survivors and took them to Valenciennes. The survivors left France on 10 January 1800 and arrived at London in the night of 12 January 1800.
She may have been carrying cargo on behalf of the British East India Company.

## Citations

* 1 2 3 4 Hackman (2001), p. 225.
* 1 2 Phipps (1840), p. 96.
* ↑ Lloyds List, №4017.
* ↑ Asiatic Annual Register Or a View of the History of Hindustan and of the Politics, Commerce and Literature of Asia, (1802), Vol. 3, pp.37-9.
* ↑ Hardy (1800), p. 225.
# Buin, Iran

Buin (Persian: بوئين) in Iran may refer to:
* Buin, Gilan
* Buin va Miandasht
* Buin Zahra
* Buin-e Olya, Kurdistan Province
* Buin-e Sofla, Kurdistan Province
* Buin, Zanjan
* Buin Rural District, in Kurdistan Province
# Vysotsky (surname)

Vysotsky, Vysotskiy, Wissotzky or Vyssotsky (Russian: Высоцкий) is a Slavic masculine surname, its feminine counterpart is Vysotskaya, Wissotzkaya or Vysotskaia. It may refer to
* Aleksey Vysotsky (1919–1977), Russian journalist
* Alexander Vysotsky (born 1968), former professional ice hockey player from Kazakhstan
* Alexander Vyssotsky (1888–1973), Russian-American astronomer
* Emma Vyssotsky (1894–1975), American astronomer
* Georgy Vysotsky (1865–1940), Ukrainian forester and ecologist
* Ida Wissotzkaya, an intimate friend of the Russian writer Boris Pasternak
* Igor Vysotsky (1953–2023), Soviet amateur boxer
* Ivan Vysotskiy (born 1962), Ukrainian rower
* Julia Vysotskaya (born 1973), Russian actress and television presenter
* Kalonimus Wolf Wissotzky (1824–1904), Russian tea merchant, relative of Ida
* Maksim Vysotskiy (born 1995), Belarusian football player
* Nadzeya Vysotskaya (born 1988), Belarusian artistic gymnast
* Victor A. Vyssotsky (1931–2012), American mathematician and computer scientist, son of Alexander Vyssotsky
* Vladimir Vysotsky (1938–1980), Russian singer/songwriter, actor, and poet
* Vladimir Vysotsky (admiral) (1954–2021), Russian admiral
# Moses Davies

Moses Davies (1799 – 6 January 1866) was a Welsh musician and composer.
Davies was born in Defynnog, Brecknockshire (now in Powys), but in 1803 his parents moved to Merthyr Tydfil, where he grew up. He was an able singer and took to studying, and later teaching, music. In 1827 he was appointed precentor of the Calvinistic Methodist chapel in Pontmorlais. He was a pioneer of music in congregational churches in the Merthyr area and his innovative ideas saw women being used to sing treble parts. This provoked much opposition, and he resigned his post. However, in 1834 he was persuaded to resume his position and, except for a period in London (from 1842 to 1848), he remained in the post until retirement.
His compositions include 24 hymn-tunes, including "Bremhill", which was included in Caniadau Seion (R. Mills, 1840), and others included inTelyn Seion (Rosser Beynon) and Haleliwia (Griffith Harries).
He died in January 1866 and was buried in Cefn-coed-y-cymmer.
His son William was a noted sculptor, who used the pseudonym "Mynorydd". William's daughter, Mary Davies, was a singer and an important figure in the preservation of Welsh folk music.
# Thomas Shaw Brandreth

Thomas Shaw Brandreth, FRS (24 July 1788 – 27 May 1873) was an English mathematician, inventor and classicist.

## Early life and education

Brandreth was the son of a Cheshire physician, Joseph Brandreth. He studied at Eton and received a BA from Trinity College, Cambridge in 1810 as Second Wrangler, second Smith's Prizeman, and chancellor's medalist, attesting to his keen intelligence. He received his MA in 1813, and was subsequently elected to a fellowship at Trinity. He then entered the Inns of Court, initially at Lincoln's Inn in 1810, but he migrated to the Inner Temple in 1813 and was called to the bar in 1818. He entered legal practice at Liverpool, but was much diverted from advancement by his interest in inventions.

## Inventions

Elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1821 for mathematical achievements, he had by that time invented a logometer (an early slide rule), and went on to design and patent a friction wheel and a clock escapement. These achievements led him into friendship with George Stephenson, and he played a role in the survey and engineering of the Liverpool and Manchester Railway, particularly the crossing of Chat Moss. However, he resigned as a director of the line shortly before its completion.
In the early days of railroading, it was by no means clear that the steam locomotive would come to be the principal form of propulsion for trains. Brandreth invented a machine which used a horse galloping on a treadmill as its source of motive power. A prototype, the Cycloped, participated in the Rainhill Trials in 1829, but it had to be withdrawn when the horse broke through the floor of the machine. In any case, the trials proved the superiority of steam motive power in all but exceptional circumstances.

## Family, judicial office, and Homer

Brandreth married a Harriet Byrom, of Fairview (a suburb of Liverpool), in 1822, by whom he had two daughters and five sons, among them Thomas Brandreth, a distinguished naval officer. A move to London further diminished his legal practice, and he ultimately declined the offer of a judgeship in Jamaica and retired to Worthing and devoted himself to the education of his children.
In retirement, he again took up the study of classical literature, and made a lengthy inquiry into the use of the digamma in the works of Homer. His studies were published in 1844 as A Dissertation on the Metre of Homer; and reflected in an edition of the Iliad with digammas. This was followed by a well-received translation of the Iliad into blank verse in 1846. Brandreth died in Worthing in 1873. He took an interest of local affairs, becoming a justice of the peace for West Sussex and taking a hand in the improvement of the town's infrastructure.
# Varnam-e Bala

Varnam-e Bala (Persian: ورنام بالا, also Romanized as Varnām-e Bālā; also known as Varnām and Varnām-e ‘Olyā) is a village in Garmab Rural District, Chahardangeh District, Sari County, Mazandaran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 67, in 18 families.
# Beytullah Kayışdağ

Beytullah Kayışdağ is a Turkish Greco-Roman wrestler competing in the 97 kg division of Greco-Roman wrestling. He is a member of the Ankara ASKI Spor Club.

## Career

Beytullah Kayışdağ, competing in Greco-Roman wrestling 97 kilograms category, won a bronze medal the 2019 World Junior Wrestling Championships, which was held in Estonian capital of Tallinn. Beytullah Kayışdağ drew 1-1 with Hungarian Aleks Szoke, was declared the winner of the match due to receiving the last point, became the third in the world and won the bronze medal.
In 2022, he won one of the bronze medals in his event at the Vehbi Emre & Hamit Kaplan Tournament held in Istanbul, Turkey. He competed in the 97 kg event at the European Wrestling Championships in Budapest, Hungary where he was eliminated in his second match. A few months later, he competed at the Matteo Pellicone Ranking Series 2022 held in Rome, Italy. He won one of the bronze medals in the men's Greco-Roman 97 kg event at the 2021 Islamic Solidarity Games held in Konya, Turkey.
# Honor Guard Battalion (Croatia)

Honor Guard Battalion (Croatian: Počasno-zaštitna bojna) is a military unit of Armed Forces of the Republic of Croatia that performs protocol tasks for the needs of top-level state and military officials, as well as tasks related to the protection and security of the Commander-in-Chief (President of the Republic of Croatia). It consists of up to 300 members, all being professionals. The unit is under direct command of the General Staff of the Armed Forces.

## Structure

* Commander's Group
* Honorary Company
* Protective Company
* Security Company
* Logistics Company
* Naval Honorary Protective Company

## Weapons

* Semi-automatic rifle PAP M59/66
* Assault rifle VHS-2
* HS2000 pistol
* HS-9 pistol

## Ceremony of the Changing of the Guards

The Ceremony of the Changing of the Guards is performed by the members of the Honor Company, a unit of the Honor Guard Battalion, and it takes place in Zagreb, in the area between the Banski dvori and the Saint Mark's Church, on Saturdays and state holidays at 12:00 (CET) in the period between 27 May, and 1 October.
It is performed by three officers (wearing the historic black and white uniforms) and 26 enlisted soldiers and NCOs wearing the red ones. The officers, the Commander of the Guard and the shift commanders wear officers' dagger in the leather case, and junior members are armed with semi-automatic rifles (the M59/66 model).
The Honorary Guard is dressed in ceremonial historical uniforms designed as an original model drawing on the formal dress of the Croatian magnates and virilists of the Croatian Parliament from the historical period of Croatia proper (Banska Hrvatska) and the costumes of the Croatian National Revival period (19th century). The new uniform model thus incorporated the centuries-long military tradition and aspirations of the Croatian people for its own state. The Guards uniforms are made of quality English cloth. The red denotes the traditional Croatian colour distinguishing the Croatian uniforms from the enemy in the battlefields during the resistance to the Ottoman invaders. Until early 20th century it was also the colour of Zagreb. The uniforms in black and white are worn by officers. The design and the vivid colours are complemented with a cap with a golden Croatian coat of arms, tight-fitting braided jacket and the overcoat, white gloves and officer's dagger (worn by the commander) and the leather ammunition case.

## Gallery

* Ceremonial dress
* Ceremonial dress
* Ceremonial dress
* Service dress
* Honor guard
* Ceremonial program
* In front of Zagreb Cathedral
* Battle dress
# Nargan

Nargan (Persian: نرگان) may refer to:
* Nargan, Isfahan
* Nargan, Sistan and Baluchestan
# Karagay

Karagay (Russian: Карагай) is the name of several rural localities in Russia:
* Karagay, Altai Republic, a selo in Karagayskoye Rural Settlement of Ust-Koksinsky District of the Altai Republic
* Karagay, Arkhangelsky District, Republic of Bashkortostan, a village in Uzunlarovsky Selsoviet of Arkhangelsky District of the Republic of Bashkortostan
* Karagay, Kuyurgazinsky District, Republic of Bashkortostan, a village in Ilkineyevsky Selsoviet of Kuyurgazinsky District of the Republic of Bashkortostan
* Karagay, Republic of Khakassia, a village in Butrakhtinsky Selsoviet of Tashtypsky District of the Republic of Khakassia
* Karagay, Kirov Oblast, a village in Pashinsky Rural Okrug of Afanasyevsky District of Kirov Oblast
* Karagay, Perm Krai, a selo in Karagaysky District of Perm Krai
* Karagay, Samara Oblast, a settlement in Krasnoarmeysky District of Samara Oblast
* Karagay, Republic of Tatarstan, a village in Leninogorsky District of the Republic of Tatarstan
# Seri Bakti Bridge

The Seri Bakti Bridge (Malay: Jambatan Seri Bakti) is one of the main bridges in Putrajaya, Malaysia. The bridge links the secondary road to Seri Satria, the Deputy Prime Minister's Residence, connecting the Government Precinct in the north to Precinct 16 in the south.
The concept design was developed from several shorter span, with a precast pretension "Super-T" beam slab deck with spans up to 35 m (115 ft). The total structure length is 270 m (890 ft). There are dual two lane carriageways, 2 m (6.6 ft) median, walkway and cycle track.
# Ali Dawai Lazem

Ali Dawai Lazem (Arabic: علي دواي لازم) is the current Governor of Maysan Province. Dawai's popularity took off after images posted to Facebook showing him working in the streets and directing projects went viral. Dawai is the only Governor belonging to the Sadrist movement.
# Dezik and Tsygan

Dezik (Russian: Дезик) and Tsygan (Цыган, lit. 'Gypsy') were the first two Soviet space dogs and, during their suborbital flight on July 22, 1951, the first dogs to fly into space. Dezik became the first two-time space traveler during a suborbital flight in September 1951, but was killed when the parachute failed to deploy.

## Spaceflight

Sergei Korolev, the lead Soviet rocket engineer and spacecraft designer during the Space Race in the 1950s, chose to use dogs to send into space because he believed that the emotional attachments made by scientists with dogs would ensure their obedience, and that free-ranging dogs from the streets of Moscow were already adapted to survival. The dogs used in the spaceflight were chosen to fit specific criteria: they had to be female to allow them to urinate properly in their space suits, they had to be between 6 and 7 kilograms (13 and 15 lb) to accommodate the rocket's weight limit, and they had to have light-colored fur so that they could appear easily on the camera aboard the rocket.
Dezik and Tsygan were launched into sub-orbital spaceflight on a Soviet R-1 missile from Kapustin Yar on July 22, 1951. They reached a height of 110 kilometres (68 mi) and experienced weightlessness for four minutes before falling back to Earth with a parachute. The trip lasted for 15 minutes in total. They both survived the trip, making them the first mammals to survive spaceflight. Korolev was greatly excited by their survival, and when they landed, he grabbed them and ran around with them before giving them water, sausages, and sugar.

## Later life

In September 1951, Dezik went to space once again, this time with a dog named Lisa (Лиса, lit. 'Fox'). Dezik and Lisa were killed when their rocket's parachute failed to deploy. Korolev was emotionally devastated by their deaths.
Following the death of Dezik, Tsygan was retired and was adopted as a pet by Anatoly Blagonravov, an engineer in the Soviet space program, who said: "Let the hero come and live with me." Tsygan later had two litters of puppies.
# Abdullah Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah

Sheikh Abdullah Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah (Arabic: الشيخ عبدالله الأحمد الجابر الصباح; 1905 – January 28, 1957), was the head of the Public Security Department in Kuwait during the 1950s. He was the eldest son of the tenth ruler of the Sheikhdom of Kuwait, Sheikh Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah, from his wife Hussa Ibrahim Al-Ghanem. Born in Kuwait City, he served as the head of the Public Security Department in Kuwait.

## Life

He received his education from several traditional schools, memorizing the Quran and learning arithmetic. In 1938, he was appointed as the ordnance officer at Naif Palace and became associated with public security until he was later appointed as the deputy head of public security, under Sheikh Abdullah Al-Mubarak Al-Sabah.
He participated in most of Kuwait's famous battles, particularly the Battle of Al-Regeai in 1928.
# Avvakumovo

Avvakumovo (Russian: Авваку́мово) is a rural locality (a village) and the administrative center of Avvakumovskoye Rural Settlement of Kalininsky District, Tver Oblast, Russia. The population was 1284 as of 2017. There are 27 streets.

## Geography

Avvakumovo is located 8 km northeast of Tver (the district's administrative centre) by road. Zhdanovo is the nearest rural locality.
# Esfid

Esfid (Persian: اسفيد) may refer to:
* Esfid, North Khorasan
* Esfid, Qom
# Narestan Rural District

Narestan Rural District (Persian: دهستان نارستان) is in Aqda District of Ardakan County, Yazd province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Hasanabad.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the rural district's population was 1,526 in 481 households. There were 1,552 inhabitants in 513 households at the following census of 2011. The 2016 census measured the population of the rural district as 1,741 in 595 households. The most populous of its 58 villages was Hasanabad, with 935 people.
# Quantum Governance

Quantum Governance is a book about citizen-centric global progress and rewiring the foundation of public policy, written by Fadi Farra and Sir Christopher Pissarides.

## Overview

The book was written by Fadi Farra in collaboration with Nobel Prize laureate in Economics, Sir Christopher Pissarides, and published in July 2023 as Quantum Governance: Rewiring the Foundation of Public Policy by Emerald Publishing Limited. Quantum Governance explores the fundamentals of AI economics and its application in shaping public policy. It delves into the concept of 'development' and the evolutionary dynamics of 'progress' within human civilization. The authors explore the transformation of human society, from the earliest urban settlements in Mesopotamia to the modern era's green smart cities, and from the initial agricultural societies to the contemporary knowledge economy. The book discusses how people and governments have built the world we live in and what the future might look like.
The book posits that questioning fundamental aspects of human development and progress has become an overlooked practice, both among individuals and policymakers. However, it emphasizes the significance of these foundational inquiries in shaping and understanding the boundaries of human civilization. "Quantum Governance" advocates for the rekindling of this introspective and analytical approach, particularly during times of crisis.