OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# American Financial Services Association

American Financial Services Association (AFSA) is a trade association for the U.S. consumer credit industry headquartered in Washington, D.C. AFSA’s 450 members include consumer and commercial finance companies, vehicle finance/leasing companies, mortgage lenders, credit card issuers, industrial banks and industry suppliers. AFSA is a founding member of Americans Well-informed on Automobile Retailing Economics. Bill Himpler currently serves as the President & CEO.

## History

The association was founded in 1916 as the American Association of Small Loan Brokers. The group was formed to promote state laws that would make small loans more readily available to average Americans, who had few options at the time to receive small personal loans. The association changed names several times throughout the years before its merger in 1971 with the American Industrial Bankers Association, an organization of industrial banks, thrift and loan companies, and sales finance companies. By 1983, the association’s members included diversified financial services firms and consumer credit subsidiaries of retailing firms, prompting another name change to the American Financial Services Association, which it is still known as today.

## AFSA Education Foundation

The AFSA Education Foundation (AFSAEF) is a non-profit AFSA affiliate with the mission to help consumers realize the benefits of responsible money management, understand the credit process and seek help if credit problems occur. AFSAEF offers a number of free publications for consumers on topics from holiday spending to vehicle financing. MoneySKILL is a free online personal finance course for high school students on money management fundamentals.
# USS Yazoo (1865)

USS Yazoo — a single-turreted, twin-screw monitor — was laid down in March 1863, before final government approval had been given, by Merrick & Sons, Philadelphia.; launched on 8 May 1865; and completed on 15 December 1865.
Yazoo was a Casco-class monitor intended for service in the shallow bays, sounds, rivers, and inlets of the Confederacy. These warships sacrificed armor plate for a shallow draft and were fitted with a ballast compartment designed to enable them to ride exceptionally low in the water during battle.

## Design revisions

Though the original designs for the Casco-class monitors were drawn by John Ericsson, the final revision was created by Chief Engineer Alban C. Stimers following Rear Admiral Samuel F. Du Pont's failed bombardment of Fort Sumter in 1863. By the time that the plans were put before the Monitor Board in New York City, Ericsson and Stimers had a poor relationship, and Chief of the Bureau of Construction and Repair John Lenthall had little connection to the board. This resulted in the plans being approved and 20 vessels ordered without serious scrutiny of the new design. $14 million US was allocated for the construction of these vessels. It was discovered that Stimers had failed to compensate for the armor his revisions added to the original plan and this resulted in excessive stress on the wooden hull frames and a freeboard of only 3 inches. Stimers was removed from the control of the project and Ericsson was called in to undo the damage. He was forced to raise the hulls of the monitors under construction by 22 inches to make them seaworthy.

## Fate

The ship was laid up at the Philadelphia Navy Yard on 20 December 1865, where Yazoo was extensively reworked. Nevertheless, since her class design had proven disappointing she saw no commissioned service. Her name was changed twice: first to Tartar on 15 June 1869 and then back to Yazoo on 10 August 1869. Yazoo was sold at Philadelphia on 5 September 1874 to A. Purvis & Son.
# USS Cape Johnson (AP-172)

USS Cape Johnson (AP-172), was a United States Navy troop transport ship that was used in the South Pacific during World War II. The ship was named for a cape off the coast of Washington state.

## Service history
### Construction and commissioning, 1943–1944

Cape Johnson, a 5,668-ton Maritime Commission C1-B type cargo ship, was built at Wilmington, Los Angeles. She was launched on 20 February 1943 by Consolidated Steel Corporation, Ltd., Wilmington, Los Angeles, under a Maritime Commission contract and sponsored by Mrs. A. C. Steward. The ship was converted to a troop transport by Los Angeles Shipbuilding and Dry Dock Co. capable of carrying 1,575 troops. Cape Johnson was acquired by the Navy under bareboat charter and commissioned on 1 June 1944 and then reported to the Pacific Fleet.

### 1944–1946

Cape Johnson was initially used to redistribute Army and Marine forces between the Marianas and bases in the South Pacific. In November 1944 she arrived with a supply echelon off the assault areas at Leyte in the Philippines and then landed her troops at Samar. In January 1945, Cape Johnson landed troops in Lingayen Gulf during the initial assault on Luzon Island. In mid-February she arrived off Iwo Jima with Marine Corps troops and cargo, which she put ashore as needed through the end of March. The transport then returned to San Francisco and carried troops from there to Manila.
With the bitter fighting on the island over, Cape Johnson embarked men of the 5th Marines, whom she carried to Pearl Harbor. Sailing on to San Francisco, where she arrived on 22 April 1945, Cape Johnson transported troops from the west coast to Manila, and on 16 August cleared the Philippines for Pearl Harbor. With occupation troops loaded there, the transport arrived at Wakayama, Honshū, Japan on 27 September, and then began transpacific crossings returning servicemen to the States. She was decommissioned 25 July 1946 and returned to her former owner the next day. The ship was sold for scrapping, on 10 June 1963, to Zidell Explorations, Inc., Portland, Oregon.

## Harry Hess

The American geologist Harry Hess commanded the USS Cape Johnson during her commission. In addition to his Naval duties, Hess carefully tracked his travel routes to Pacific Ocean landings on the Marianas, Philippines, and Iwo Jima, continuously using his ship's echo sounder. This unplanned wartime scientific surveying enabled Hess to collect ocean floor profiles across the North Pacific Ocean, resulting in the discovery of flat-topped submarine volcanoes, which he termed guyots. This information led to many discoveries which helped to form the basis of the theory of plate tectonics.

## Awards

Cape Johnson received two battle stars for World War II service.
# Nashira (AK-85)

Nashira (AK-85) was planned as a civilian cargo ship for the United States Maritime Commission, transferred to the Navy for construction then transferred to the U.S. Army and renamed two days after launching. The ship was never commissioned, thus never bore the USS designation, and had no significant naval service. The ship was converted to the U.S. Army Engineer Port Repair ship Richard R. Arnold and served in the Pacific during 1945.

## Construction and launch

Nashira (AK-85), named after Nashira, the third-brightest star in the constellation Capricorn, was a Maritime Commission type N3-M-A1 cargo vessel originally assigned the name Josiah Paul. The ship was transferred from the control of the Maritime Commission to the U.S. Navy 1 January 1943, prior to the start of construction.
Renamed Nashira 30 October 1943, she was laid down by Penn-Jersey Shipbuilding Corp., Camden, New Jersey, 1 November 1943; launched 23 April 1944; sponsored by Miss Patricia Palmer; delivered to the Navy 25 April 1944; and transferred to the U.S. Army the same day for use as a U.S. Army Port Repair ship. Nashira was struck from the Navy List 9 June 1944.

## Army Port Repair Ship

The Army renamed the ship Richard R. Arnold after an Engineer officer, Colonel Richard R. Arnold, on General Eisenhower's personal staff killed by a mine 6 June 1943 in North Africa while commanding the 20th Engineer Regiment. The ship and its crew served as part of the Army Corps of Engineers (1070th Engineer Service Detachment) in the Pacific during 1945, participated in the Battle of Luzon (Philippines), crossed the equator four times, was present in Japan after the war, and returned to San Francisco on 24 December 1945.

## Disposal

Richard R. Arnold was turned in to the Maritime Commission for disposal 17 July 1947 and placed in the Suisun Bay Reserve Fleet where it remained until sold for $31,151 on 4 March 1965 to Kelbar, Inc. for scrap.
# USNS Sumner (T-AGS-61)

USNS Sumner (T-AGS-61) is a Pathfinder-class oceanographic survey ship that became operational in 1997. It is the fourth United States Navy ship named Sumner, in this case for Thomas Hubbard Sumner, an American sea captain who discovered the principles of celestial navigation by circle of equal altitude. These ships are crewed by a small crew of civilian mariners, supporting an even smaller contingent of United States Navy personnel.
According to Carol Rosenberg, writing in the Miami Herald, the vessel was scheduled to be place out of service in 2014. Rosenberg reported speculation that Summer would be transferred to the United States Coast Guard. The Coast Guard would use the ship to counter smugglers in the Caribbean Sea, where she would be stationed as a permanent helicopter station. Coast Guard sharpshooters could be quickly dispatched to intercept and apprehend smugglers. Retrofitting the ship with facilities to operate and maintain a helicopter would cost $10 million.
According to the Naval Vessel Registry, Sumner was stricken on 29 August 2014 with a disposition of Transfer. MARAD NDRF document lists her at the Beaumont Reserve Fleet, Beaumont, Texas in December 2014, with note scheduled for disposal.
# Ungirls

Ungirls (アンガールズ, Angāruzu) is a Japanese comedy duo (kombi) consisting of Takushi Tanaka [ja] and Yoshiaki Yamane [ja]. They have featured on a number of television shows. The duo are employed by Watanabe Entertainment, and are mainly active in Tokyo.

## Members

* Takushi Tanaka [ja], Born February 8, 1976 in Fuchū, Hiroshima. Plays the tsukkomi and writes all their Manzai material. He is a graduate of Hiroshima University with a specialization in architecture.
* Yoshiaki Yamane [ja], Born May 27, 1976 in Asaminami-ku, Hiroshima. Plays the boke. He is a graduate of Hiroshima Shudo University with a specialization in political science.

## Career

Tanaka and Yamane met each other at a travel focused circle in university and became friends with similar hobbies. Tanaka moved to Tokyo in early 2000, and Yamane followed one month after. At the time, both of them had a different comedic partner at the time, but after a few months in Tokyo, they left their former units and formed Ungirls. After successfully passing the audition for Watanabe Entertainment, the unit officially formed and began activities in 2002.
From 2004 and onward, Ungirls appeared on various variety shows and were known for their unique "gross" and "unsettling" characters. The name "Ungirls" is also derived from having no chance or luck with girls due to their outer appearance, hence adding "Un" to "girls" to form the name.
In 2017, Ungirls made it as a finalist in King of Conte 2017.
# Jones v. Hendrix

Jones v. Hendrix, 599 U.S. 465 (2023), was a United States Supreme Court case related to habeas corpus.

## Background

Markus Jones was convicted in 2000 of being a felon in possession of a firearm, a federal crime. His first habeas petition was resolved in 2006. In 2019, in Rehaif v. United States, the Supreme Court held that people convicted of prohibited possession crimes under § 922(g) must be aware of their unlawful status, in addition to knowingly possessing firearms. Under the Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996, prisoners are barred from filing "second or successive" petitions for habeas corpus unless they meet certain exceptions, including if the Supreme Court has set forth a "new rule of constitutional law." However, there is no analogous exception for changes in the interpretation of criminal statutes. Jones tried to seek relief under 28 U.S.C. § 2241, but was unsuccessful. The United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit held that no provision of federal habeas law allowed for review of his revised Rehaif claim, as he had already filed his first habeas petition a decade earlier.
Jones filed a petition for a writ of certiorari.

## Supreme Court

Certiorari was granted in the case on May 16, 2022. On June 17, 2022, the Solicitor General of the United States announced she would not defend the Eighth Circuit's judgment. On June 28, 2022, the Supreme Court appointed Morgan L. Ratner to argue as amicus curiae in support of the judgment below. Oral arguments were held on November 1, 2022. On June 22, 2023, the Supreme Court affirmed the Eighth Circuit in a 6–3 decision.
# Democratic Party of Slovenia

The Democratic Party of Slovenia (Slovene: Demokratska stranka Slovenije) was an extra-parliamentary centrist political party in Slovenia. It was established in March 1994, when the majority of the then existing Democratic Party (Slovene: Demokratska stranka) led by Dimitrij Rupel joined the ruling Liberal Democracy of Slovenia. A minority of the party membership decided to stay in opposition and continue the legacy of the Democratic Party.
The Democratic Party was established in October 1991 as the result of the split within the Slovenian Democratic Union. In May 1992, the party entered the coalition government of Janez Drnovšek, supported by the left wing of the former DEMOS coalition (besides the Democratic Party, also the Social Democratic Party of Slovenia and the Greens of Slovenia), the United List of Social Democrats and the Liberal Democratic Party. The Democrats retained three ministers in the government, Igor Bavčar (Interior), Dimitrij Rupel (Exterior) and Jelko Kacin (Information).
In the second free elections in Slovenia, celebrated in autumn of 1992, the party gained 5.01% of the vote and 6 MPs. In 1994, the majority of the party membership and 3 of its 6 MPs decided to join the Liberal Democracy of Slovenia. The minority of the party re-founded the party and continued an independent political activity. In the election of 1996, the Democratic Party received 3.3% of the vote and remained without parliamentary representation. In 2007, the party signed a cooperation agreement with the Social Democrats.
The party dissolved in 2023.

## Prominent members of the Democratic Party

* Dimitrij Rupel (left the party in 1994)
* Jelko Kacin (left the party in 1994)
* Igor Bavčar (left the party in 1994)
* France Bučar (left the party in 1993)
* Danica Simšič
* Jože Mencinger
* Tone Peršak
* Tine Hribar
* Spomenka Hribar
# Herobrain

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# Hashem Kolahi

Hashem Kolahi (Persian: هاشم کلاهی; 22 April 1956 – 13 November 2024) was an Iranian wrestler. He competed in the men's Greco-Roman 90 kg at the 1976 Summer Olympics.
Kolahi died on 13 November 2024, at the age of 68.
# Sinchon-dong, Seoul

Sinchon-dong (Korean: 신촌동) is a neighbourhood and a judicial (as opposed to administrative) dong (법정동) in Seodaemun District, Seoul, South Korea.
Sinchon's main attraction is its nightlife, with numerous bars of both western style and traditional Korean hofs, restaurants, and other activities aimed at the area's student population.

## Transport

Sinchon Station is located on Seoul Subway Line 2 between Ewha Womans University Station and Hongik University Station.
Sinchon Station is also the name of a station on the Gyeongui Line which connects Seoul and Dorasan. Sinchon is the line's second station, located between Seoul Station and Gajwa Station.
The main bus station/terminal is located near the police station about 100m south (towards Yeouido) from Sinchon Rotary. Bus number 110A goes to Itaewon and can be caught near Hyundai dept. store.
The first transit mall in Seoul and only second in the nation following one in Daegu, opened on Sinchon-ro in January 2014. The vehicle street has shrunk from four lanes to two and the sidewalks and pedestrian areas were greatly enlarged. With rare exceptions, the street is only for 15+ seater buses, pedestrians, and cyclists.

## Attractions

Sinchon is a busy area of the city and holds several department stores, cinemas and shopping areas that cater mainly to a young crowd. Also in the vicinity are several universities such as Yonsei University, Ewha Womans University, Hongik University, Sogang University and Myongji University. Sinchon is also one of the major entertainment districts with bars, karaoke rooms, PC-rooms, DVD rooms, Korean billiards halls and restaurants lining the streets covered in neon lights at night. One of Korea's largest hospitals, Severance Hospital, is linked with Yonsei University in Sinchon.
Hyundai Department Store is located here as well as the Uplex, which is connected to the Hyundai Department Store via an above ground walkway.

## In popular culture

The streets and area around Ewha Womans University was used as a filming location for Seoul Broadcasting System's 2001 drama Beautiful Days, starring Lee Byung-hun, Choi Ji-woo, Ryu Si-won, Shin Min-a, Lee Jung-hyun and Lee Yoo-jin.

## International cooperation

* Kragujevac, Serbia
# Kepuha

Kepuha (died 1669), also spelled Kipuhá or Quipuha, was the island of Guam's first Catholic chief. He granted land in the village of Hagåtña to Spanish missionaries, upon which was built the first Catholic church in the Mariana Islands.

## Biography

Kepuha was a member of the Chamorro, the ruling caste of Chamorro society. As the elder maga'låhi, or high-ranking male, he could make important decisions with the consent of his clan’s, maga'håga, or highest-ranking females. His name translates in the Chamorro language as "try to turn over" or "to attempt to capsize.
The Spanish mission led by Jesuit missionary Diego Luis de San Vitores arrived near Hagåtña on June 16, 1668, where about 200 Chamorro warriors gathered. San Vitores sent Father Luis de Medina and another priest to greet the Chamorros, who brought them to Kepuha's house, which was decorated with palm fronds. The priests gifted Kepuha, who they described as tall and robust, a velvet hat and iron hoops and nails and told the chief that they intended to teach the Chamorros "he law of God and the way to heaven".
The Spaniards recorded that Kepuha responded, "You please us, Fathers and you bring us good news which will cause joy to our entire nation for we have wanted you here for a long time," and allowed himself to be baptized by San Vitores Kepuha granted land for the first church on Guam, the Dulce Nombre de Maria, which formally opened on February 2, 1669. The mission also build a school, the Royal College of San Juan de Letran. Due to the matrilineal nature of Chamorro society, the maga'håga of his clan must have influenced the grant. The Spaniards appointed Kepuha protector of the mission and gave him the title Don Juan Quipuha. The family of Kepuha may have granted the land as a political decision to gain prominence over other chiefs. There was no source of iron on Guam, and Kepuha may also have thought he could control the island's trade in Spanish goods if the mission was based in his village.
Kepuha died shortly after the dedication of the church in 1669. San Vitores treated Kepuha during his illness and insisted that Kepuha be buried at the church in a Christian ceremony. However, Kepuha's relatives wanted his body brought to a cave with the remains of his ancestors for a traditional Chamorro ceremony. San Vitores prevailed, which angered many Chamorros and convinced them that the Spanish influence would drastically change the social order.
A son of Kepuha, Chief Kepuha II, was angered that his father had not been laid to rest with his ancestors and led a revolt.

## Legacy

Today, the chief is honored by Chief Quipuha Park along Marine Corps Drive in Hagåtña, which includes a statue of Kepuha erected in 1976.
In 1990, former Governor Ricardo Bordallo, committed suicide by chaining himself to Kepuha's statue and shooting himself.
# Nigel Baker

Nigel Marcus Baker OBE MVO (born 9 September 1966) is a British diplomat, who was formerly Ambassador to Bolivia and Ambassador to the Holy See. He was Head of the Latin America department at the Foreign and Commonwealth Office from 2016 to 2019, and in August 2020 took up his appointment as British Ambassador to Slovakia.

## Early life and education

Baker was born on 9 September 1966. He educated at Dulwich College, an all-boys private boarding school in London. He studied history at Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge, graduating with a first class honours Bachelor of Arts (BA) degree in 1988: as per tradition, his BA was promoted to a Master of Arts (MA Cantab) in 1992.

## Career

After a brief period as researcher in the Conservative Research Department he joined the Foreign and Commonwealth Office (FCO) in 1989. After early overseas postings in Prague and Bratislava he took a research sabbatical in Verona (from 1996–97) studying Italian and European history.
Returning to the FCO, he was Head of the European Defence Section in the Security Policy Department between 1998–2000. He was then assistant Private Secretary to the Prince of Wales 2000–03, Deputy Head of Mission, Havana, 2003–06 and Ambassador to Bolivia 2007–11 before being appointed to the Holy See. He presented his credentials to Pope Benedict XVI on 9 September 2011. In 2016, he returned to the FCO as Deputy Director for the Americas and Head of the South America Department. He became Deputy Director and Head of the Latin America Department in 2018.
Baker was appointed MVO in 2003 for services to the Prince of Wales, and OBE in 2010.
In 2013, he edited Britain and the Holy See: A Celebration of 1982 and the Wider Relationship, which set out the proceedings of the 2012 Rome Colloquium on the relationship between Britain and the Holy See. Contributors include Professor Eamon Duffy, Professor Judith Champ, Cardinal Vincent Nichols, Cardinal Keith Patrick O'Brien, and Cardinal Cormac Murphy-O'Connor.
In August 2020, he became Ambassador to Slovakia, succeeding Andrew Garth.
# Real McCoy (ferry)

Real McCoy was a ferryboat that operated for 63 years from Rio Vista, California on the Ryer Island Ferry route as part of California State Route 84, and was the oldest and most reliable piece of equipment owned by the California Department of Transportation. During its operating life – making the trip 24 hours per day, 7 days per week and roughly 200 trips a day – totaling approximately 460,000 safe passages over the 800-foot (240 m) gap in the Sacramento River delta, between Ryer Island and Rio Vista.
It was replaced in 2011 by Real McCoy II.