OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Hiroaki Hidaka

Hiroaki Hidaka (日高 広明, Hidaka Hiroaki, 17 April 1962 – 25 December 2006) was a Japanese serial killer.

## Early life

Hidaka was born in the Miyazaki Prefecture. He was originally an excellent student, but he failed to enter the University of Tsukuba, his target college. He entered the Fukuoka University instead, but eventually dropped out. He often borrowed money, drank and went to prostitutes. In April 1989, he moved to Hiroshima and began to work as a taxi driver.
Hidaka married in 1991, and had a daughter in 1993, but his wife entered a mental hospital.

## Murders

Hidaka killed and robbed four women between April and September 1996. One of his victims was a 16-year-old girl who engaged in enjo-kōsai. He was arrested on September 21, 1996.

## Trial and execution

The district court in Hiroshima sentenced Hidaka to death on February 9, 2000, a sentence that he did not appeal. He was executed by hanging on December 25, 2006. After his execution, his lawyer, Shuichi Adachi, protested that he had been illegally refused access to his client by prison authorities.
# Burhan al-Din al-Marghinani

Burhān al-Dīn Abu’l-Ḥasan ‘Alī bin Abī Bakr bin ‘Abd al-Jalīl al-Farghānī al-Marghīnānī (Arabic: برهان الدين المرغيناني) (1135-1197) was an Islamic scholar of the Hanafi school of jurisprudence.He was born to an Arab family whose lineage goes back to Caliph Abu Bakr al-Siddiq. He was born in Marghinan near Farghana (in present day Uzbekistan). He died in 1197 (593 AH). He is best known as the author of al-Hidayah, which is considered to be one of the most influential compendia of Hanafi jurisprudence (fiqh). Sheikh Muhammad Abd al-Hayy al-Laknawi mentioned in the book al-Fawa’id al-Bahiyyah, saying: And know that they divided our Hanafi companions into six classes, and the fourth: the class of those with preferential judgment, such as Burhan al-Din al-Marginani, who are able to prefer some narrations over others. Some with good knowledge.

## Life

Al-Marghanini performed the Hajj and visited Medina in the year 544 AH. He was thought to have died on the 14th of Dhu'l-Hijjah in the year 593 AH although one report indicated his year of death as 596 AH. He was buried in Samarqand.

## Works

Al-Marghinani works (some extant and others known only from literary references) include:
* Nashr al-madhhab
* Kitab manasik al-hajj
* Kitab fi-l-fara'id (also known as Fara'id al-‘Uthmani)
* Kitab al-tajnis wa-l-mazid (collection of fatwas)
* Mukhtarat al-nawazil (collection of fatwas, also known as Mukhtarat majmu` al-nawazil and Mukhtar al-fatawa)
* Mazid fi furu‘ al-hanafiyya
* A commentary on al-Shaybani's al-Jami‘ al-kabir
* Kitab bidayat al-mubtadi (his principle work, based on al-Quduri's Mukhtasar and al-Shaybani's al-Jami‘ al-saghir)
* Kifayat al-muntaha (unfinished 8-volume commentary on his own Kitab bidayat al-mubtadi )
* Al-Hidayah ("The Guidance"), a work on Hanafi law and an abridgement of his commentary on Muhammad al-Shaybani's al-Jami‘ al-Saghir.

## Teachers

Al-Marghinani's most important teachers were:
* Najm al-din Abu Hafs Umar an-Nasafi, author of al-‘Aqa’id al-Nasafiyyah fi al-Tauhid;
* Sadr al-Shahid Husam al-Din Umar bin Abd al-Aziz, the commentator of Adab al-Qadi, the most popular book of Imam Khassaf which contains the Islamic Legal and Judicial System.
# USS Linnet (AM-76)

USS Linnet (AM-76), was a Kite-class minesweeper of the United States Navy during World War II.
Laid down on 18 June 1928 as the M/V Georgetown by Bath Iron Works Corp., Bath, Maine, for F. J. O'Hara and Sons, Inc. of Boston, Massachusetts. The ship was launched on 15 December 1928, and delivered on 19 December 1928. Renamed Linnet on 14 August 1940. Acquired by the U.S. Navy on 4 September 1940, conversion to a minesweeper began in September 1940 at the Bethlehem Steel Co. of East Boston, Massachusetts. Commissioned as USS Linnet (AM-76) on 3 March 1941, conversion was completed in March 1941. Reclassified as an Unclassified Miscellaneous Auxiliary IX-166 on 20 April 1944.

## World War II Atlantic operations

Assigned to the Mine Warfare School, Yorktown, Virginia, Linnet engaged in experiments and training in the intricacies of mine operations. Upon completion of training in the spring 1942, the minesweeper sailed to join Fleet operations in the South Atlantic.

## South Atlantic operations

Based at Recife, Brazil, Linnet played an important role in harbor clearing operations to permit the free movement of ships from that port. She regained in Brazilian waters until 22 February 1944, when she sailed for Norfolk, Virginia, arriving there 17 March. Linnet was reclassified IX-168 on 20 April for possible use as a small cargo ship.

## End-of-War deactivation

Plans were changed, however, and she was decommissioned on 18 December 1944 at Boston, Massachusetts. Returned to the War Shipping Administration on 31 July 1945, and converted to mercantile service and renamed M/V Cambridge. Fate unknown.
# French destroyer Dard

Dard was a Arquebuse-class destroyer contre-torpilleur d'escadre built for the French Navy in the first decade of the 20th century. Completed in 1904, the ship was assigned to the Mediterranean Squadron (Escadre de la Méditerranée).

## Design and description

The Arquebuse class was designed as a faster version of the preceding Durandal class. The ships had an overall length of 56.58 meters (185 ft 8 in), a beam of 6.3 meters (20 ft 8 in), and a maximum draft of 3.2 meters (10 ft 6 in). They normally displaced 307 metric tons (302 long tons) and 357 t (351 long tons) at deep load. The two vertical triple-expansion steam engines each drove one propeller shaft using steam provided by two du Temple Guyot or Normand boilers. The engines were designed to produce a total of 6,300 indicated horsepower (4,700 kW) for a designed speed of 28 knots (52 km/h; 32 mph), all the ships exceeded their contracted speed during their sea trials with Dard reaching a speed of 29.6 knots (54.8 km/h; 34.1 mph). They carried enough coal to give them a range of 2,300 nautical miles (4,300 km; 2,600 mi) at 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph). They carried enough coal to give them a range of 2,300 nautical miles (4,300 km; 2,600 mi) at 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph). Their crew consisted of four officers and fifty-eight enlisted men.
The main armament of the Arquebuse-class ships consisted of a single 65-millimeter (2.6 in) gun forward of the bridge and six 47-millimeter (1.9 in) Hotchkiss guns in single mounts, three on each broadside. They were fitted with two single rotating mounts for 381-millimeter (15 in) torpedo tubes on the centerline, one between the funnels and the other on the stern.

## Construction and career

Dard (Dart) was ordered from Ateliers et Chantiers de Saint-Nazaire Penhoët on 29 May 1901 and the ship was laid down on 15 October 1902 at its shipyard in Rouen-Grand Quévilly. She was launched on 10 September 1903 and conducted her sea trials from December to April 1904. The ship was commissioned (armée definitif) in May and was assigned to the Mediterranean Squadron.
# Princess Sukeko

Princess Sukeko (亮子内親王; 1147 – 27 April 1216), later Inpumon'in (殷富門院), was an Empress of Japan during the late Heian period. Sukeko was empress as the honorary mother (准母; junbo) of her nephews Emperor Antoku and Emperor Go-Toba.

## Biography

She was the daughter of Emperor Go-Shirakawa and Lady-in-Waiting Fujiwara Shigeko, and the sister of Emperor Takakura. She was appointed Honorary Mother to her nephews, who reigned in succession as Emperor Antoku and Emperor Go-Toba. As their Honorary Mother, she was Honorary Empress and performed the court functions of the position of Empress during their reign.
# Robert Cavendish Spencer

Sir Robert Cavendish Spencer KCH (24 October 1791 – 4 November 1830) was an English officer of the Royal Navy. Well connected by birth, he made a naval career, which attracted the sons of the nobility and also of those from naval backgrounds, to serve under him and, despite liberal politics, worked as a reforming administrator with the future William IV of the United Kingdom.

## Life

Born on 24 October 1791, he was the third son of George Spencer, 2nd Earl Spencer, and brother of John Spencer, 3rd Earl Spencer, Frederick Spencer, 4th Earl Spencer, George Spencer, and Sarah Lyttelton. In August 1804 he entered the navy on board HMS Tigre with Captain Benjamin Hallowell, and served under him, in Tigre and afterwards in HMS Malta—being promoted to be lieutenant on 13 December 1810—till appointed to command the brig HMS Pelorus, in October 1812.
On 22 January 1813 Spencer was promoted to be commander of HMS Kite, from which he was moved into HMS Espoir, one of the squadron off Marseille, under the command of Captain Thomas Ussher. He was later appointed to HMS Carron, stationed on the coast of North America; was engaged in operations against New Orleans; and was promoted to post rank by the commander-in-chief, Sir Alexander Forrester Inglis Cochrane, on 4 June 1814.
In 1815 Spencer commanded HMS Cydnus on the home station, and in 1817–1819 the 26-gun frigate HMS Ganymede in the Mediterranean, where he conducted a negotiation with the Bey of Tunis. From 1819 to 1822 he commanded HMS Owen Glendower on the South American station, and from 1823 to 1826 the 46-gun frigate HMS Naiad in the Mediterranean, where he took part in the operations against Algiers in the summer of 1824. He was then employed on the coast of Greece, during the Greek War of Independence.
From August 1827 to September 1828 Spencer was private secretary and Groom of the Bedchamber to the Duke of Clarence, then Lord High Admiral. They worked on naval reform, in the areas of gunnery and steam power. In October 1828 he was nominated Knight Commander of the Royal Guelphic Order, and was knighted on 24 November. In September 1828 he was appointed to command HMS Madagascar, again serving in the Mediterranean.

## Death

Spencer died, off Alexandria, on 4 November 1830; he had just been recalled to the United Kingdom as surveyor-general of the ordnance. He was unmarried.
He was buried in Malta. A memorial to his memory was erected in Great Brington sculpted by Francis Chantrey.
# Umienino

Umienino is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Bielsk, within Płock County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately 5 kilometres (3 mi) west of Bielsk, 14 km (9 mi) north of Płock, and 100 km (62 mi) north-west of Warsaw.
# Zalesie, Gmina Karniewo

Zalesie is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Karniewo, within Maków County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.
# Aleksandr Volodin (linguist)

Aleksandr Pavlovich Volodin (Russian: Александр Павлович Володин, 14 November 1935 – 6 July 2017) was a Soviet and Russian linguist, specializing in Paleo-Asiatic and Finno-Ugric languages.
Volodin studied Finno-Ugric languages on the College of Philology of the A. A. Zhdanov Leningrad State University between 1953 and 1958. From 1961, he worked at the Language Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, specializing in endangered Itelmen language of Kamchatka. He received his Ph.D. in 1980, and from 2005 to 2017 he worked as a professor at the Herzen University of Saint Petersburg, as well as with the Institute of Language Research (ILI) of the Languages of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAN).
Volodin published around 190 scientific and pedagogic papers and textbooks, and 12 scientific monographs. He participated in 10 expeditions to Kamchatka, where he studied the language and culture of Kereks and Itelmen; and on the Naryan-Mar region of Russian Arctic, studying Nenets people and languages.
He lived in Saint Petersburg.
# 1996 World Junior Championships in Athletics – Women's 4 × 100 metres relay

The women's 4x100 metres relay event at the 1996 World Junior Championships in Athletics was held in Sydney, Australia, at International Athletic Centre on 25 August.

## Medalists

| Gold | Andrea Anderson Lakeesha White Jernae Wright Nanceen Perry United States |
| Silver | Tulia Robinson Peta-Gaye Dowdie Saran Patterson Aleen Bailey Jamaica |
| Bronze | Sandra Abel Esther Möller Nancy Kette Marion Wagner Germany |

## Results
### Final

25 August
| Rank | Nation | Competitors | Time |
| | United States | Andrea Anderson Lakeesha White Jernae Wright Nanceen Perry | 43.79 |
| | Jamaica | Tulia Robinson Peta-Gaye Dowdie Saran Patterson Aleen Bailey | 44.26 |
| | Germany | Sandra Abel Esther Möller Nancy Kette Marion Wagner | 44.57 |
| 4 | France | Céline Thélamon Doris Deruel Nadine Mahobah Fabé Dia | 44.58 |
| 5 | Italy | Stefania Ferrante Irene Daniele Manuela Grillo Manuela Levorato | 45.27 |
| 6 | Australia | Simone Purvis Tamsyn Lewis Mindy Slomka Lauren Hewitt | 45.50 |
| 7 | Japan | Kozue Motohashi Kayo Kuramoto Emiko Toda Ayumi Shimazaki | 45.97 |
| | United Kingdom | Gosha Rostek Sarah Wilhelmy Victoria Shipman Rebecca Drummond | DNF |

### Heats

25 August

#### Heat 1

| Rank | Nation | Competitors | Time | Notes |
| 1 | Jamaica | Tulia Robinson Peta-Gaye Dowdie Saran Patterson Aleen Bailey | 44.38 | Q |
| 2 | France | Céline Thélamon Doris Deruel Nadine Mahobah Fabé Dia | 44.88 | Q |
| 3 | Italy | Stefania Ferrante Irene Daniele Manuela Grillo Manuela Levorato | 45.29 | Q |
| 4 | Australia | Mindy Slomka Lauren Hewitt Simone Purvis Rosemary Hayward | 45.30 | q |
| | Finland | Niina Saarman Johanna Manninen Annika Kumlin Johanna Halkoaho | DQ | |

#### Heat 2

| Rank | Nation | Competitors | Time | Notes |
| 1 | United States | Andrea Anderson Lakeesha White Jernae Wright Nanceen Perry | 44.16 | Q |
| 2 | Germany | Sandra Abel Esther Möller Nancy Kette Marion Wagner | 45.01 | Q |
| 3 | United Kingdom | Gosha Rostek Sarah Wilhelmy Victoria Shipman Rebecca Drummond | 45.49 | Q |
| 4 | Japan | Kozue Motohashi Kayo Kuramoto Emiko Toda Tomomi Suzuki | 45.66 | q |
| 5 | Czech Republic | Pavla Sichová Jitka Burianová Štepánka Klapácová Gabriela Švecová | 45.88 | |
| 6 | New Zealand | Anna Smythe Felicity Major Bryony Barker Rebecca Murphy | 46.11 | |
| 7 | Canada | Deniece Bell Natasha Quan-Vie Veronica Dyer Margaret Fox | 46.65 | |
| 8 | Indonesia | Meivy Ratnasari Irene Joseph Nyoman Rae Sih Ernawati | 47.12 | |

## Participation

According to an unofficial count, 54 athletes from 13 countries participated in the event.
* Australia (5)
* Canada (4)
* Czech Republic (4)
* Finland (4)
* France (4)
* Germany (4)
* Indonesia (4)
* Italy (4)
* Jamaica (4)
* Japan (5)
* New Zealand (4)
* United Kingdom (4)
* United States (4)
# Beitou Refuse Incineration Plant

The Beitou Refuse Incineration Plant (traditional Chinese: 北投垃圾焚化廠; simplified Chinese: 北投垃圾焚化厂; pinyin: Běitóu Lèsè Fénhuà Chǎng) is an incinerator in Zhoumei Borough, Beitou District, Taipei, Taiwan.

## History

The plant was originally established as the Shilin Refuse Incineration Plant on 1 July 1991. On 1 July 1995, the plant was renamed Beitou Refuse Incineration Plant and it was made a unit of the Department of Environmental Protection of the Taipei City Government.

## Technical details

The plant spans over an area of 10.6 hectares. It can treat 1,800 tons of garbage from the Taipei area per day.

## Facilities

The plant's smokestack is equipped with an observation deck at an altitude of 116 meters. On 1 January 2000, a revolving restaurant opened above it (claimed to be world's first restaurant on a waste incinerator chimney), which seats 120 guests and is powered by energy from the incinerator.

## Transportation

The plant is accessible within walking distance southwest of Shipai Station of Taipei Metro.
# Black Mountain (Michigan)

Black Mountain is a large hill in Presque Isle County, Michigan. Located 10 miles north of Onaway, Michigan, the mountain is a popular recreational activity site and is part of the state-owned Black Mountain Forest Recreation Area,$^{:162}$ which is operated by the Michigan Department of Natural Resources.

## History

Black Mountain and the range in which it is situated were created by the glacial movement of the last major ice age. Nearby, Woodland Lake was also created by these glaciers. The area was inhabited by Native Americans until around 1800, when settlers from New England established "Ore Creek," which later became known as "Brighton." Gradually, the areas around Black Mountain have been developed. The Brighton area is now home to over 7000 people; Black Mountain lies in a residential zone of varying density. Due to deforestation, erosion has become an increasingly severe problem on parts of the mountain.
Beginning in the 1990s, the property around Black Mountain was developed;$^{:50}$ this process continues today.$^{:188}$ The road next to the mountain was extended. To date, two houses have been built at the base of the mountain. The owners of the mountain have donated the land to the state of Michigan and it is now a state park.

## Geography and climate

Black Mountain was created by glaciers in the last major ice age. The range is characterized by medium to steep grade, with deep valleys and high peaks. Located in northeastern Michigan, the base elevation is approximately 950 feet (290 m), while the highest point is over 1,000 feet (300 m). Black Mountain and the surrounding hills range in vertical rise from as little as 20 feet (6.1 m) to as much as 100 feet (30 m) on the mountain itself. Woodland Lake lies at the base of the western hills, and is around 50 feet (15 m) deep.
The area experiences a four-season temperate climate, with cold winters and hot summers. The largest amounts of precipitation occur in the months of December and January, while July and August are the driest. The typical winter season begins in November and lasts well into March. Annual snowfall averages 70 to 90 inches (2,300 mm). Daily January temperatures normally reach 20 to 30 °F (−1 °C), with nighttime lows of 5 to 15 degrees. July highs are 75 to 85 degrees, and lows are 55 to 65 degrees.

## Other attractions

There are multiple trails going around Black Mountain and through it. The network of paths throughout the mountain, while most often used for dirt biking, are also used for mountain biking, and other similar sports.$^{:162}$ During the winter season, the paths on the mountain are a popular attraction for area snowmobilers.$^{:198}$
# Urszulin, Grodzisk Mazowiecki County

Urszulin (Polish pronunciation:) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Grodzisk Mazowiecki, within Grodzisk Mazowiecki County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately 8 kilometres (5 mi) south-east of Grodzisk Mazowiecki and 25 km (16 mi) south-west of Warsaw.
# Hashmi Miya

Syed Muhammad Hashmi Miyan (Urdu سید محمد ہاشمی میاں) is an Indian Sunni Sufi Muslim scholar and preacher. He is recognised as Ghazi e Millat (warrior of the community). He is followed by many Hindi and Urdu speakers,
According to one British website Hashmi Miyan is the youngest son of Muhaddis e Azam e Hind.
He is the younger brother of Madani Miya.

## Views

He had opposed the Citizenship Amendment Act, quoting that it is fine to eliminate the illegal immigrants from India, but it is quite difficult for all the Indian citizens to prove their residence-ship in India. He believes that there is no religion of terrorism.

## Literary works

Hashmi Miyan's literary works include
* Lataif e Deoband
* Rusumaat o Moharram o Taaziya
* Hazrat Amir e Muawiya Khalifa-e-Rashid
* Khutbaat e Hashmi Miyan
# Kerwalli

Kerwalli (nicknamed King Sandy; c. 1832 – May 1900) was an Aboriginal Australian foreman, fishmonger and headman of the Jagera people. He was a prominent member of Queensland's Aboriginal community in the 19th century.
He is not to be confused with King Sandy of the Brymedura tribe (died c. 1860) who assisted explorer Thomas Mitchell in 1835 and also wore a king plate.

## Family background

Kerwalli was born in Brisbane around 1832. His name meant "spilt". His grandmother was named Sarah. He was possibly related to Dalaipi, another Aboriginal headman from the Pine Rivers area of Queensland. Many Aboriginal families in South East Queensland claim Kerwalli as an ancestor.

## Career

From 1862 to 1880, Kerwalli worked for Thomas Petrie and William Pettigrew. He captained the first Aboriginal timber team in Queensland - a team of about 45 men, women and children. Kerwalli led his team around Mooloolaba and Buderim, eventually expanding to Noosa, the Blackall Ranges and Maroochy.
Kerwalli accompanied Petrie to the Mary River and Wide Bay regions. Around this time, he also travelled with a timber-hauling steamer, the Gneering, working as a fishmonger. After he ceased working as a foreman, he continued to sell fish and oysters in Brisbane City.
In 1875, Kerwalli famously opined that "white people had taken Brisbane from him" and given him a breastplate in exchange. In 1877, several Australian capitals produced medallions to commemorate the supplanting of Aboriginal headmen by the British colonies. One medallion was cast with Kerwalli's image and inscribed with "Sandy: Ex: Rex: Queensland".
In 1880 he assisted police during a search for a body in the Brisbane River.
On the request of Assistant Clerk Henry Wyatt Radford, Kerwalli would often advise the Queensland Parliament on local placenames. Radford and Kerwalli were responsible for officially retitling One Tree Hill to Mount Coot-tha in 1883. Politician Archibald Meston (Protector of Aborigines, 1898–1903) referenced Kerwalli as one of his main informants. However, Meston wrote in 1923 that "Gootcha" is a more accurate transcription, and that "Coot-tha" is a separate word translating to an obscenity; supposedly a joke played on Radford by Kerwalli.
Kerwalli was the subject of numerous photographs and drawings, most notably an 1899 portrait by Swedish-born painter Oscar Fristrom.

## Personal life

After the death of his first wife Sarah, he married well-known Aboriginal busker Margaret Catchpenny.
Later in life, Kerwalli resided in coastal areas such as Sandgate and the Moreton Bay Region (Toorbul and Redcliffe). Commonly seen selling fish in Brisbane, he became known as a popular and much-loved character.
For the last few years of his life, Kerwalli resided in Wynnum; he died there in May 1900.
# Croton Creek

Croton Creek is an intermittent stream that flows through the Croton Breaks of Dickens, Kent and Stonewall counties in the U.S. state of Texas. It is a tributary of the Salt Fork Brazos River, which eventually merges with the Double Mountain Fork to form the Brazos River.