OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Lyness

Lyness is a village on the east coast of the island of Hoy, Orkney, Scotland. The village is within the parish of Walls and Flotta, and is situated at the junction of the B9047 and B9048.
During the 1920s Lyness was briefly the headquarters of the metal salvage firm of Cox and Danks's raising of the German High Seas Fleet, scuttled by the Germans on 21 June 1919 during the Armistice (Scuttling of the German fleet in Scapa Flow).
During the Second World War it was home to HMS Proserpine, the main base for the naval fleet based at Scapa Flow.
In 2010–2011 the Golden Wharf at Lyness Harbour was upgraded to host renewable energy projects, including the Pelamis Wave Energy Converter and the Wello Penguin.
Today an Orkney Ferries Ro-Ro car ferry links it to Longhope on South Walls, the island of Flotta in Scapa Flow, and Houton on Mainland, Orkney.

## Naval Cemetery

Lyness Royal Naval Cemetery was opened in 1915 primarily to serve the Scapa Flow base (which closed in 1946). Buried there are 445 Empire and Commonwealth service personnel, chiefly Royal Navy, from World War I (109 of whom are unidentified) and 200 from World War II (8 unidentified). There are also buried here 14 German Navy sailors and 4 other German service personnel including an unidentified Luftwaffe airman, and one Norwegian war grave. There are also 30 British non-war service burials (including 2 unidentified British Army soldiers). Major naval ship losses represented among the war graves include:
* HMS Hampshire (lost 1916)
* HMS Vanguard (1917) - 18 casualties buried here.
* HMS Narborough (1918)
* HMS Opal (1918)
* HMS Royal Oak (1939) - 26 casualties buried here.
# St. Rose Church

St. Rose's Church, Saint Rose of Lima Church, or variations, may refer to:

## Churches
### United States

* St. Rose of Lima Church (Newtown, Connecticut)
* St. Rose Priory, in the St. Rose Roman Catholic Church Complex in Springfield, Kentucky
* St. Rose of Lima Catholic Church (Gaithersburg, Maryland)
* St. Rose of Lima Mission, Roman Catholic Church (Silver Lake, Missouri)
* St. Rose of Lima Catholic Church and School Complex, Crofton, Nebraska
* Saint Rose of Lima Catholic Church Reno Nevada
* St. Rose Roman Catholic Church Complex (Lima, New York)
* St. Rose of Lima Church (Manhattan), New York
* St. Rose of Lima Old Church (New York City)
* St. Rose Church (Cincinnati, Ohio)
* St. Rose's Catholic Church (St. Rose, Ohio)
* St. Rose of Lima Roman Catholic Church (Queens), New York.

### Elsewhere

* St. Rose of Lima Parish Church, Santa Rosa, Laguna
* St. Rose of Lima Parish Church, Santa Rosa, Nueva Ecija
* St. Rose Cathedral, Santa Rosa de Copán, Honduras
* St. Rose of Lima Cathedral, Carúpano, Venezuela

## Other

* Sainte-Rose-de-Lima, French Guiana, a village
# Per Bertilsson

Per Daniel Bertilsson (December 4, 1892 – September 18, 1972) was a Swedish gymnast who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics. He was part of the Swedish team, which won the gold medal in the gymnastics men's team, Swedish system event.
# Generalized Newtonian fluid

A generalized Newtonian fluid is an idealized fluid for which the shear stress is a function of shear rate at the particular time, but not dependent upon the history of deformation. Although this type of fluid is non-Newtonian (i.e. non-linear) in nature, its constitutive equation is a generalised form of the Newtonian fluid. Generalised Newtonian fluids satisfy the following rheological equation:
    $\tau =\mu _{\operatorname {eff} }({\dot {\gamma }}){\dot {\gamma }}$
where $\tau$ is the shear stress, and ${\dot {\gamma }}$ is the shear rate. The quantity $\mu _{\operatorname {eff} }$ represents an apparent viscosity or effective viscosity as a function of the shear rate.
The most commonly used types of generalized Newtonian fluids are:
* Power-law fluid
* Cross fluid
* Carreau fluid
* Bingham fluid
It has been shown that lubrication theory may be applied to all generalized Newtonian fluids in both two and three dimensions.
# Huseyngulu Khan Khoyski

Huseyngulu Khan Khoyski (Azerbaijani: Hüseynqulu xan Xoyski; September 22, 1870, in Yelisavetpol (modern-day Ganja), Elizavetpol Governorate, Russian Empire – 1955, in Istanbul, Turkey) was Major general of the Russian Imperial Army, elder brother of the Prime Minister of the Democratic Republic of Azerbaijan Fatali khan Khoyski.

## Life

Khoyski was born on 22 September 1870 in Ganja to the noble family of Isgender Khoyski, a Lieutenant general in the Russian Army. His great grandfather Jafar Qoli, the Khan of Khoy was defeated by the Iranian Fath-Ali Shah and with his 20,000 army retreated to Echmiadzin. In the 1804-1813 Russo-Persian war, Jafar Qoli Khan sided with Russian Empire and was therefore rewarded by tsar Alexander I by being appointed the Khan of Shaki Khanate and his rank was raised to lieutenant colonel.
On July 22, 1887, he was enlisted in the 45th Seversky Dragoon Regiment of the Russian Empire. For his services to the state, he received the Order of St. Stanislav, 2nd and 3rd degree, the Order of St. Anna, 3rd degree, and the Order of St. Alexander Nevsky.
Huseyngulu Khan went from a unter-officer to a Major general. While living in Ganja, he was engaged in social and political activities.
In 1917 he took part in the Congress of Muslims of the Caucasus. During the period of independence of the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic, he became deputy governor-general of Ganja, Khudadat-bey Rafibekov. After the occupation of Azerbaijan by the Bolsheviks, he took with him his wife Shirinbeyim Khanym (she was the daughter of a descendant of the Ganja Khan Javad Khan, the daughter of Valiyya, the 6-month-old grandson of Abbas and the son-in-law of Colonel Jahangir bey Kazimbeyli, who headed uprising and left for Qajar Iran, and from there to Turkey. He died in Istanbul in 1955 and was buried in the Feriköy Cemetery.

## Family

Huseyngulu khan married Shirinbeyim khanum Abulfat khan gizi Ziyadkhanova. His youngest son Zahid khan Khoyski was born in 1910 in Ganja and later lived in New York. He named his grandson after his great-grandfather, khan of Khoy Jafargulu khan. His younger brother Fatali Khan Khoyski was one of the founders and prime ministers of the Democratic Republic of Azerbaijan.
# Air pollution in Islamabad

Islamabad, the capital of Pakistan, is suffering from air pollution problems. Air quality in the city fluctuates with periods of significant pollution followed by periods of relatively clean air.

## Rise in air pollution

The increase in air pollution in Islamabad is attributed to various factors, including dry weather, increased vehicular emissions and human activities. The onset of the winter season often leads to the formation of dust in the atmosphere, which increases the level of pollution. The Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency (Pak-EPA) has noted that the air pollution ratio recorded during certain periods was higher than the permissible limit. Hazardous air pollution particles of 2.5 microns (PM2.5), a deadly environmental pollutant, have been recorded at levels higher than the National Environmental Quality Standards (NEQS) of 35 micrograms per cubic meter.

## Health impact

Due to the increase in air pollution, respiratory diseases have increased among the residents of Islamabad. Dry and cold air, the main causes of respiratory diseases in winter, causes disruption of the lining of the respiratory tract], leading to infection and damage to the normal secretions inside the respiratory organs. An increase in cases of respiratory complications and people experiencing difficulty breathing has been reported.

## Air quality
### Declining

Air quality in Islamabad has seen intermittent declines, with pollution levels reaching unhealthy levels. Harmful air pollution PM2.5, which comes from engine combustion, industrial emissions, burning of garbage or combustible materials, and dust blown by speeding cars on uncemented patches of road, ranks high. The level is recorded. Compared to National Environmental Quality Standards (NEQS).

### Improvement

Despite the challenges, there were periods when the air quality in Islamabad improved and was considered healthy. This improvement is due to the longer rainy season, which helps limit the amount of pollution in the atmosphere and reduces vehicle emissions during the lockdown. However, as normal activities resume, air quality deteriorates again.

### Current situation

As of June 2022, the air quality in Islamabad was reported to be unhealthy due to persistent hot dry weather and increased vehicular traffic on the roads. The pollution ratio was recorded above the permissible limit, indicating the need for continuous efforts to improve air quality.
# Dafydd Nanmor

Dafydd Nanmor (fl. 1450 – 1490) was a Welsh language poet born at Nanmor (or Nantmor), in Gwynedd, north-west Wales. He is one of the most significant poets of this period.
It is said that he was exiled to south Wales for overstepping the mark in his poetry (he sang a poem to a married local woman) and spent the rest of his life outside Gwynedd. His work was seen to have particular significance by the twentieth-century critic Saunders Lewis. Lewis saw him a poet of philosophy who praised the ideal ruler as he praised his patrons who saw that within the Welsh tradition all who had privilege and power also had responsibilities towards family, community and nation.
It is believed that Rhys Nanmor was a bardic student of his.
# Utting (surname)

Utting is a surname with several origins. In some cases it is a surname from Germany. As some surnames are locational in origin, it would indicate someone being from the town of Utting near the city of Munich. See Utting am Ammersee It is also linked to the surnames Otting, Ottinger and Uttinger.
In England it is of Saxon origin, so still very much Germanic. It would be derived from the Saxon word Otta meaning riches. The ‘ing’ was used in a similar way to the Scottish use of Mc/Mac or the Irish O’ meaning son of or belonging to. So as Otta would’ve meant ‘Riches’ Utting would indicate somebody to come from wealth. This surname is found all over the United Kingdom but is highest in East Anglia, especially where there has been history of heavy Anglo Saxon Settlements.
There is also another town associated with this surname located in the United States called Utting, Arizona, which is named after Charles Utting who fought with the rough riders during the Spanish-American War.
Utting may refer to:
* Andrew Utting (born 1977), Australian baseball player
* Charlie Utting (1923–2009), Australian rules footballer
* Ern Utting (1897–?), Australian rules footballer
* Michael Utting (born 1970), New Zealand soccer player
# Casanare River

Casanare River (Spanish pronunciation:) is a river in Colombia. It is part of the Orinoco River basin.
# Mercedes-Benz OM648 engine

The Mercedes-Benz OM648 engine is a 3.2 Litre, straight-6 4 valves per cylinder, cast iron block diesel engine manufactured by the Mercedes-Benz division of Daimler AG as a replacement for the previous Mercedes-Benz inline-5 and -6 engines.
The engine features common rail fuel injection and a variable nozzle turbocharger. The injection system operates at 1,600 bar (23,000 psi).
Power output is 204 PS (150 kW; 201 hp) at 4200 rpm and 500 N⋅m (369 lb⋅ft) of torque from 1,800 to 2,600 rpm.
Mercedes claims this engine will propel the E320 CDI to 60 mph (97 km/h) in 6.6 seconds. All while managing 27 mpg$_{‑US}$ (8.7 L/100 km; 32 mpg$_{‑imp}$)+ city and 37 mpg$_{‑US}$ (6.4 L/100 km; 44 mpg$_{‑imp}$)+ Highway
Oil specification MB 229.31 or MB 228.31 is recommended and has a service interval of 13,000 miles (21,000 km) using the specified oil.
OM648 is the successor to the OM613.

## Technical specifications

| Displacement | Bore x Stroke | Power | Torque | Applications |
| 3.2 L; 196.6 cu in (3,222 cc) | 88 mm × 88.3 mm (3.46 in × 3.48 in) | 204 PS (150 kW; 201 hp) at 4200 rpm | 500 N⋅m (370 lb⋅ft) at 1800 rpm | 2002-2006 (?) E320 CDI and 2002-2005 S320 CDI |
# Lucian Chețan

Lucian Călin Cheţan (born 25 June 1985) is a Romanian former footballer who played as a defender or midfielder for various teams such as: Concordia Chiajna, Sportul Studențesc, Săgeata Năvodari or Mioveni, among others.
# Le Châtelet-sur-Meuse

Le Châtelet-sur-Meuse (French pronunciation:, literally Le Châtelet on Meuse) is a commune in the Haute-Marne department in north-eastern France.
It contains the source of the River Meuse, which is very close to the commune's village of Pouilly-en-Bassigny.
# Ellen Coleman (composer)

Ellen Coleman (1886–1973) was an English conductor and composer.

## Works

* Poem
* Cloud and Quietude
* The Conquered
* The Merry-go-round
* String Quartet
* Harpsichord Sonata
* Piano Quartet
Many of Coleman's works are published by Stainer & Bell.
# Michel Heller

Michel Heller (Russian: Михаил Яковлевич Геллер, romanized: Mikhail Yakovlevich Geller, August 31, 1922, Mogilev, Byelorussian SSR – January 3, 1997, Paris, France) was a Russian historian, journalist and critic. Author of several books that explore different aspects of Russian history and literature of the Soviet period, published in England, France, Poland, Hungary and other countries. He has proved an authority in the field of modern Russian literature, and the modern history of Russia. His works are better known outside Russia. Author of a monograph on homo sovieticus, social engineering and propaganda in the USSR titled "Cogs in the Wheel: The Formation of Soviet Man".
# Dara Maher

Dara Maher (born 2001) is an Irish hurler. At club level he plays with Shinrone and at inter-county level with the Offaly senior hurling team.

## Career

Maher first played hurling to a high standard as a student at Coláiste Phobal Ros Cré. He later lined out with the University of Limerick and was part of their back-to-back Fitzgibbon Cup-winning teams in 2022 and 2023.
At club level, Maher first played at juvenile and underage ranks with the Shinrone club before progressing to adult level. He had his first success in 2020 when Shinrone beat Coolderry to win the Offaly IHC in 2020. Maher was also part of Shinrone's first ever Offaly SHC-winning team in 2022.
Maher first appeared on the inter-county scene for Offaly during an unsuccessful spell with the minor team in 2028. He later spent three unsuccessful seasons with the under-20 team. Maher was also drafted onto the senior team and made his debut in a National Hurling League defeat by Galway in 2022. He won a Joe McDonagh Cup medal as an unused substitute in 2024 after a defeat of Laois in the final.

## Honours
### University of Limerick

* Fitzgibbon Cup: 2022, 2023

### Shinrone

* Offaly Senior Hurling Championship: 2022
* Offaly Intermediate Hurling Championship: 2020

### Offaly

* Joe McDonagh Cup: 2024
# Ben Offereins

Ben Offereins (born 12 March 1986) is an Australian track and field athlete. He became national 400 m champion and also represented Australia internationally.

## Biography

Born in Sydney, Offereins' family moved to Perth in 1987. He has been running from a young age, starting out in little athletics and has progressed through to the senior ranks. His first National title came in winning the 200m at the 2003 Under 18 Australian Championships where he also won the silver medal in the 100m.
He had his first major 400m win the next year at the Under 20 Australian Championships, which earned him a position on the Australian team for the IAAF World Junior Championships, in Grosseto, Italy in July 2004. He participated in the individual 400m as well as the 4 × 400 m relay. In 2005 still as a junior he entered the open Australian National Championships for the 400m where he won the gold medal defeating 3 members of the Australian 4 × 400 m relay team which won the silver medal at the 2004 Athens Olympics. The next few seasons saw Offereins plagued by injuries until June 2009 when he set a new personal best for the 400m of 45.69s, a World Championships B qualifier, which earned him the final position on the Australian 4 × 400 m relay team for Berlin 2009. Running a sensational third leg during the heat (44.78s) Offereins forced his way into the team for the final where the Australian team of John Steffensen, Ben Offereins, Tristan Thomas, and Sean Wroe, won the bronze medal for Australia.
In 2010 Offereins started his season by winning the Australia Cup held in Canberra in a new PB of 45.32 sec, he then broke his PB again at the Sydney Track Classic running 44.86sec and becoming only the eighth Australian to break the 45.00 sec barrier and the seventh fastest Australian of all time. He continued his form, winning the IAAF Melbourne Track Classic in 45.73sec, and then the Australian National Championships in 45.17 sec. This gained him automatic selection for the individual 400m and the 4x400 relay at the 2010 Commonwealth Games in Delhi, India. At the Athletics Australia annual end of season awards night he was named the Male athlete of the year for the 2010 Australian Domestic season.
He represented Australia at the 2012 Summer Olympics, as part of the men's 4 x 400-metre relay team.
# A-242

A-242 is an organophosphate nerve agent. It was developed in the Soviet Union under the FOLIANT program and is one of the group of compounds referred to as Novichok agents that were revealed by Vil Mirzayanov. Mirzayanov gives little specific information about A-242, stating that it is highly toxic but no figures are given to compare it to other related agents. It is reportedly a solid rather than a volatile liquid as with most nerve agents, and in order to weaponise it successfully, it had to be milled into a fine powder form that could be dispersed as a dust.

## Legal status

A-242 has been added to Schedule 1 of the Annex on Chemicals of the Chemical Weapons Convention as of June 2020, and it has been explicitly named as an example compound for schedule 1.A.15. For chemicals listed in Schedule 1, the most stringent declaration and verification measures are in place combined with far-reaching limits and bans on production and use.
# Josserand, Texas

Josserand is an unincorporated community in Trinity County, Texas, United States. As of 2000, the community had a population of 29. It is located within the Huntsville, Texas micropolitan area.

## History

Josserand was founded in 1882 by Peter and Frank Josserand, who established a sawmill in the community. They acquired 60,000 acres (24,000 ha) of virgin forest for lumber between 1880 and 1900, causing the community to rapidly grow. In 1887, a post office opened in the community, and by 1892 Josserand had 550 residents as well as two churches and a store. When Peter Josserand died in 1905, this sparked the community's decline. In 1909, the sawmill ceased operations; the post office closed in 1948. A few scattered houses remained in the early 1990s and the population was reported as 29 in 2000.

## Geography

Josserand is located near U.S. Route 287, 3 miles (4.8 km) southeast of Groveton in south-central Trinity County.

## Education

Josserand had schools for Black and White students in 1892. The schools were consolidated with Groveton's schools in the 1930s.
# Avec les fées

Avec les fées (lit. 'With the Fairies') is a 2024 travel book by the French writer Sylvain Tesson. It covers a sailing trip along the Atlantic coast, from Spain to Scotland.

## Synopsis

Avec les fées is a travel book about a trip Sylvain Tesson took along the Atlantic coast for three months, visiting the Celtic nations. He was accompanied by his friends Arnaud Humann and Benoît Lettéron on a 15 metres long Breton sailboat. The trip departed from Gijón in northwestern Spain at the start of summer. It continued through Brittany in France and across the English Channel to Cornwall, Wales, Isle of Man, Ireland and finally Scotland. The crew periodically disembarked to explore the surroundings on foot or bicycle. Tesson describes the landscapes they passed through and relates them to local legends.

## Reception

Éditions des Équateurs published Avec les fées on 10 January 2024. Le Parisien's Grégory Plouviez wrote that Tesson's descriptions of landscapes is unmatched and that he presents a "tender and poetic" worldview. Plouviez wrote that the frequency of quotable sentences and "miraculous" aphorisms varies with different chapters, comparing the shifts in the book to high and low tides. In Paris Match, Marie-Laure Delorme wrote that the book is about the possibility "to dialogue with magnificence" as a way to escape the unsympathetic aspects of contemporary society. She wrote that one of the strongest passages is about a meeting with a disabled ex-military and highlighted the occasional presence of ironic humour. Delorme placed Tesson's storytelling "between immanence and transcendence", combining "flight and fixedness" to make the reader focus fully on worldly splendor.
# Lucian Oprea

Lucian Cosmin Oprea (born 31 March 1998) is a Romanian professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for CSC Dumbrăvița.
# Mast-Jägermeister

Mast-Jägermeister SE is a German liquor company owned by the Findel-Mast family. The corporate offices are located in Wolfenbüttel. Jägermeister is the primary product of Mast-Jägermeister SE. They also produce the lesser known SchlehenFeuer, a brand of sloe gin. In the past, they manufactured a multitude of liquors and liqueurs.

## History

Wilhelm Mast founded Mast-Jägermeister SE (then a KG) in Wolfenbüttel in 1878. His son Curt Mast developed the recipe for the herb flavored 70-proof (35%) liqueur Jägermeister, which he first brought to market in 1935. Günter Mast was the managing director for many years until his death in 2011.

## Production

Mast-Jägermeister SE produced 76.5 million 0.7 liter bottles in the financial year 2006 and grew by 15 percent in 2005. Most of the production (56.6 million) was exported to over 70 countries world-wide.
# Te Roopu Raranga Whatu o Aotearoa

Te Roopu Raranga Whatu o Aotearoa or Māori Weavers New Zealand is the New Zealand national Māori weavers' collective, which aims to foster and preserve Māori traditional textiles. It has played an important role in facilitating the gathering of weavers of Māori and Pasifika descent to meet, teach and learn from one another.
The collective was established when the wider collective of Aotearoa Moananui a Kiwa Weavers, founded by the Māori and South Pacific Arts Council in 1983, was split into the Māori and Pasifika portions of the organisation. This split came about as a result of funding reasons — current Toi Māori Aotearoa funding is specifically targeted at Māori arts. This split of groups occurred in 1994.
Te Roopu holds national hui (attendance of which is required by a number of tertiary courses), regional workshops, publishes a newsletter, coordinates with research funding agencies and publishes books.
Emily Schuster of Māori Arts and Crafts Institute in Rotorua was the first chairperson. Diggeress Te Kanawa was a co-founder. Cath Brown was also a founding member and went on to coordinate the production of the organisation's newsletter. Christina Wirihana is the current chairperson and Te Hemo Ata Henare is the deputy chair.
There is some overlap of personnel and events with Māori Women's Welfare League, but the League has a much broader remit, longer history and more political outlook.

## National hui

The national hui is held biennially at Labour Weekend at different Marae around the country.
* 1983 Pakirikiri Marae, Tokomaru Bay
* 1985 Kokohinau Marae, Te Teko
* 1987 Tunohopu, Rotorua
* 1988 Omaka Marae, Blenheim
* 1990 Apumoana Marae, Rotorua
* 1992 Taurua Marae, Rotoiti, Rotorua
* 1993 Parihaka Marae, Taranaki
* 1995 Te Reo Nihi marae, Te Hāpua
* 1997 Takahanga Marae, Kaikohe
* 1999 Pakirikiri Marae, Tokomaru Bay
* 2001 Kokohinau Marae, Te Teko
* 2003 Awhitu Marae, Palmerston North
* 2005 Owae Marae, Waitara
* 2007 Maraenui Marae, Te Kaha
* 2009 Takitimu Marae, Wairoa
* 2011 Maketu Marae, Kawhia
* 2013 Rautahi Marae, Kawerau
* 2015 Roma Marae, Ahipara
* 2017 Te Wai-iti Marae, Rotoiti, Rotorua
* 2019 Ngā Hau e Whā Marae, Christchurch