OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# CB Zamora

Club Baloncesto Zamora, also known as Aquimisa Laboratorios for sponsorship reasons, is a basketball club based in Zamora, Castile and León that currently plays in LEB Plata, the third tier of Spanish basketball.

## History

Founded in 1978, CB Zamora was promoted for the first time to the second tier in 1992.
CB Zamora was the only club to have played all Liga EBA seasons until 2016, when the club requested a vacant berth in LEB Plata that finally, the Spanish Basketball Federation granted them.

## Sponsorship naming

* Zamora CF 1978–1980
* Zamora Citroën 1980–1981
* Frinca Zamora 1981–1986
* Riespri Zamora 1986–1987
* Caja España Zamora 1987–1990
* Arcos Zamora 1990–1992
* Pan de Azúcar 1992–1993
* Vino de Toro 1993–1996
* Caja España Zamora 1996–2002
* UFC Zamora 2002–2007
* UFC INEC Zamora 2007–2008
* Grupo INEC Zamora 2008–2011
* Grupo INEC Queso Zamorano 2011–2015
* HiLed Queso Zamorano 2015–2017
* Aquimisa Laboratorios 2017–

## Season by season

| Season | Tier | Division | Pos. | W–L | Cup competitions | Cup competitions |
| 1989–90 | 3 | 2ª División | 1st | 21–6 | | |
| 1990–91 | 3 | 2ª División | 3rd | 21–5 | | |
| 1991–92 | 3 | 2ª División | 2nd | 32–6 | | |
| 1992–93 | 2 | 1ª División | 31st | 5–25 | | |
| 1993–94 | 2 | 1ª División | 29th | 12–18 | | |
| 1994–95 | 2 | Liga EBA | 2nd | 22–10 | | |
| 1995–96 | 2 | Liga EBA | 6th | 16–16 | | |
| 1996–97 | 3 | Liga EBA | 10th | 10–19 | | |
| 1997–98 | 3 | Liga EBA | 7th | 15–13 | | |
| 1998–99 | 3 | Liga EBA | 10th | 15–13 | | |
| 1999–00 | 3 | Liga EBA | 4th | 16–10 | | |
| 2000–01 | 4 | Liga EBA | 12th | 13–17 | | |
| 2001–02 | 4 | Liga EBA | 11th | 15–19 | | |
| 2002–03 | 4 | Liga EBA | 14th | 9–21 | | |
| 2003–04 | 4 | Liga EBA | 11th | 12–18 | | |
| 2004–05 | 4 | Liga EBA | 12th | 11–19 | | |
| 2005–06 | 4 | Liga EBA | 7th | 15–15 | | |
| 2006–07 | 4 | Liga EBA | 7th | 14–12 | | |
| 2007–08 | 5 | Liga EBA | 13th | 10–20 | | |
| 2008–09 | 5 | Liga EBA | 8th | 13–15 | | |
| 2009–10 | 4 | Liga EBA | 10th | 10–16 | | |
| 2010–11 | 4 | Liga EBA | 9th | 12–10 | | |
| 2011–12 | 4 | Liga EBA | 10th | 11–11 | | |
| 2012–13 | 4 | Liga EBA | 5th | 13–7 | | |
| 2013–14 | 4 | Liga EBA | 2nd | 19–6 | | |
| 2014–15 | 4 | Liga EBA | 4th | 19–7 | | |
| 2015–16 | 4 | Liga EBA | 4th | 20–9 | | |
| 2016–17 | 3 | LEB Plata | 12th | 11–19 | | |
| 2017–18 | 3 | LEB Plata | 14th | 10–20 | | |
| 2018–19 | 3 | LEB Plata | 8th | 17–17 | Copa LEB Plata | RU |
| 2019–20 | 3 | LEB Plata | 9th | 14–11 | | |
| 2020–21 | 3 | LEB Plata | 16th | 12–16 | | |
| 2021–22 | 3 | LEB Plata | 7th | 17–1–12 | | |
| 2022–23 | 3 | LEB Plata | 9th | 15–1–14 | | |
| 2023–24 | 3 | LEB Plata | 2nd | 29–3 | | |
| 2024–25 | 2 | Primera FEB | | | Spain Cup | GS |
* ↑ Remained in the league due to the existence of vacant berths.
* ↑ Achieved a vacant berth in LEB Plata.
* ↑ Remained in the league after achieving one of the places after the expansion of the LEB Plata.
* ↑ Season curtailed due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Source:
# Eray İşcan

Eray İşcan (born 19 July 1991) is a Turkish professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper.

## Club career

İşcan made his debut in 2013. He was also at the starting lineup list at 2013–14 UEFA Champions League group stage matches against Copenhagen and Real Madrid.

## Career statistics

    As of 16 July 2014.

### Club

| Club | Season | League | League | Cup | Cup | Super Cup | Super Cup | Europe | Europe | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Galatasaray | 2012–13 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 |
| Galatasaray | 2013–14 | 4 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 7 | 0 |
| Galatasaray | 2014–15 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 |
| Galatasaray | Total | 5 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 11 | 0 |
| Career total | Career total | 5 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 11 | 0 |

## Honours
### Galatasaray

* Süper Lig: 2012–13, 2014–15, 2017–18
* Türkiye Kupası: 2013–14, 2014–15, 2015–16
* Süper Kupa: 2013, 2015, 2016
# Solh

Al-Solh (or variants as-Solh, Solh, el-Solh) (Arabic: الصلح) is an Arabic surname, mostly from Lebanon.
Notable people with the name Solh and its variants include:
* Riad Al Solh (1894–1951), Lebanese politician, former Prime Minister, the first prime minister of Lebanon after the country's independence
* Sami as-Solh (1887–1968), Lebanese politician, former Prime Minister
* Takieddin el-Solh (1908–1988), Lebanese politician, former Prime Minister
* Rachid Solh (1926–2014), Lebanese politician, former Prime Minister
* Leila Al Solh (born 1946), vice president of Alwaleed bin Talal Humanitarian Foundation and a former Lebanese minister of industry
* Kazem El-Solh (1904–1976), Lebanese politician, a diplomat
* Mounira Solh (1911–2010), Lebanese pioneer advocate for the rights of women and people with disabilities
* Sana Solh (1939–2019), Lebanese human rights activist
* Waheed el Solh (1901–1958), Lebanese politician
* Raghid El-Solh (1942–2017), Lebanese writer and researcher
* Mahmoud Solh, Lebanese agricultural economist and genetic scientist
* Karim El Solh, Lebanese businessman, founder and CEO of private equity firm Gulf Capital.
# Little Omar

Yacef Omar, better known by his nom de guerre Petit Omar (meaning little Omar), was an Algerian child soldier and prominent figure of the Algerian War. He is best known for his involvement in the Battle of Algiers during the Algerian War.

## Biography

Yacef Omar was born in January 1944 at the Casbah citadel in Algiers to an ethnic Kabyle family (a Berber ethnic group predominant in Algeria). He was the third child in a family of nine children, and the nephew of Algerian revolutionary, Saadi Yacef. Omar grew up in a big familial house with Yacef, and came across prominent Algerian revolutionary figures like Abane Ramdane, Krim Belkacem, Colonel Ouamrane, Rabah Bitat, and Ali La Pointe who visited his uncle regularly. This inspired him to join the Algerian National Liberation Front (FLN), albeit his very young age. Little Omar became the liaison officer between the fighters and the leaders of the FLN during the Battle of Algiers. He was handed this mission which had great importance.
Courier between the FLN militants and leadership, he succeeded to cross all police roadblocks and elude the French paratroopers in the hardest moments of the Battle of Algiers. He knew his neighborhood like the back of his hand. Houria Bourihed, whose family was instrumental in the Algerian war for independence remembers Omar not only as a heroic child but also as an expert player of marbles and other street games.
On the night of October 8, 1957, with the help of labourer Laknan Abdullah, who revealed the hideout of FLN fighters to the French, French Army paratrooper commandos of the 1st Foreign Parachute Regiment destroyed the house where Omar was hiding alongside other FLN militants following their refusal to surrender, killing him along with Hassiba Ben Bouali, Ali La Pointe, Hamid Bouhamidi and 16 others. He was 13 years old at the time of his death.

## In popular culture

Omar is played by Mohamed Ben Kassen in the 1966 Italian-Algerian movie The Battle of Algiers.
# Jennifer Klein (academic)

Jennifer Klein is an American professor of 20th century U.S. history at Yale University. Klein's work specializes in social history and the history of healthcare provision.
She graduated from Barnard College, and from the University of Virginia. She is a professor at Yale University. She is Senior Editor of International Labor and Working Class History.

## Awards and honors

Klein has won an Ellis W. Hawley Prize, the Hans Sigrist Prize, and the Sara A. Whaley prize.

## Works

* Caring for America: Home Health Workers in the Shadow of the Welfare State. Oxford University Press. 1 July 2015. ISBN 978-0-19-937858-6.
* Jennifer Klein (2 January 2010). For All These Rights: Business, Labor, and the Shaping of America's Public-Private Welfare State. Princeton University Press. pp. 281–. ISBN 978-1-4008-3566-9.
# Aegista baphica

Aegista baphica is a species of air-breathing land snails, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod in the family Camaenidae.

## Description

The diameter of the shell attains 21 mm, its height 6 mm.
(Original description in Latin) The shell is narrowly umbilicate, subglobose-depressed, somewhat thick, and solid. It has a grayish, shiny appearance with sublamelliform ribs that are slightly prominent and spaced apart. The spire is depressed-conoidal, barely prominent, with a shiny, obtuse apex of the same color. It has 5 to 5½ convex whorls that increase irregularly and rapidly, separated by distinct sutures. The body whorl is the most convex, angled at the periphery, not descending at the aperture, turgid underneath, and slightly funnel-shaped with a dark ring around the umbilicus. The aperture is oblique, lunate, and oblong-rounded, featuring a white peristome that is thickened and expanded on the inside. The margins of the columella are also expanded, partially covering the umbilicus.

## Distribution and habitat

This shell occurs in Vietnam.
# Serafina and the Splintered Heart

Serafina and the Splintered Heart is an American historical fiction, fantasy novel written by Robert Beatty and published in 2017. It is the third novel in the Serafina Series and follows Serafina and the Twisted Staff. Serafina, Chief Rat Catcher and protector of the Biltmore Estate, encounters a strange and unnatural force which threatens Biltmore with wicked storms and violent floods. While fiercely fighting a battle that seems impossible, Serafina also faces questions about the value of true friendship and the power of forgiveness.
Serafina and the Splintered Heart was published on July 4, 2017 by Disney Hyperion. The release of the third book put the Serafina Series on the New York Times Best Selling Children's Series list. Serafina and the Splintered Heart is preceded by Serafina and the Black Cloak and Serafina and the Twisted Staff. A fourth book in the series, titled Serafina and the Seven Stars was published in Summer 2019.
# Royal Military Police Close Protection Unit

The Royal Military Police Close Protection Unit (RMP CPU) is a unit within the British Army's Royal Military Police (RMP) that has designated responsibility for protecting senior military and government personnel when deployed overseas. The unit itself does not supply the majority of the manpower for such taskings, but trains individuals from the RMP, Royal Navy Police, RAF Police and Royal Marines Police Troop for the role, as well as taking on urgent and short-notice taskings.

## History

The CPU was formed in the late 1970s, after a number of RMP bodyguards attended the Special Air Service bodyguard course at Hereford, and brought the skills back to an RMP-specific course, the first of which ran in 1976. Three years later, the course and unit moved to Longmoor Camp where it remains.

## Structure

The CPU is a sub-unit within the RMP's Specialist Operations Regiment, commanded by a major. It is considerably smaller than most RMP companies, however, with just a small staff of experienced CP operatives who act as instructors or are held ready to deploy on short-notice tasks.

## Role

Close protection operatives trained by CPU protect high-ranking British army officers in high-threat environments, most notably during the Iraq war and Afghanistan war, and ensuring counter-insurgency and peacekeeping operations. They also protect British ambassadors and other high-ranking Foreign and Commonwealth Office officials in locations where the threat level demands it.

## Training

The CPU offers a range of training courses. These include the eight-week Close Protection Course that qualifies service police men and women to be CP operatives, a further eight-week pre-deployment training course carried out before teams deploy overseas, and specialist driving courses for locally employed civilian drivers.

## Equipment

The CPU trains and deploys with a range of specialist weapons not used by the majority of the British army. These include the Diemaco C8. In the past the SIG Sauer P226 was utilised; however, this has been replaced with the Glock 19. The H&K MP5K is still utilised. The H&K 417 is used for longer distance engagments and deemed necessary on deployments by the Team Leader & 2iC. In the future the Close Protection Unit is exploring the purchase of the SIG Sauer MCX.
# Tripura State Rifles

Tripura State Rifles (TSR) is a paramilitary force in the Indian state of Tripura. Tripura State Rifles Act was passed by Tripura Legislative Assembly in 1983 and on the basis of that act, it was established on 12 March 1984 to maintain law and order and assist the civil administration in the state. Its primary duty is to handle insurgency operations, maintain internal security and assist the local police in maintaining law and order. Different camps of it are present in the insurgency affected areas.
It has 12 battalions in Tripura and 9 among them are acting as India Reserve Battalions. At present, Its activities are not only found in Tripura, but also they are engaged in other parts of India.
They did a lot of operations in the state to counter various militant groups that have been active in Tripura in the past, such as the National Liberation Front of Tripura (NLFT) and the All Tripura Tiger Force (ATTF). Such groups are active in Tripura even today and for that TSR plays a pivotal role for ensuring peace.
The TSR operates under the administrative control of the Home Department of the Tripura state government. The force is trained in both conventional warfare techniques and specialized counter-insurgency operations. They work closely with the state police and other security agencies to combat insurgency and maintain peace in the region. It also works during natural disasters, elections, etc.
# Havenhoofd

Havenhoofd is a village in the Dutch province of South Holland. It is part of the municipality of Goeree-Overflakkee and lies about 10 km west of Hellevoetsluis.
The village was first mentioned around 1750 as "'t Goereese Hooft" and refers to the dams on either side of the harbour. During the 18th century, Havenhoofd developed as a harbour village for Goedereede.
In 1943, during World War II, the entire village was demolished as part of the Atlantic Wall, and 42 bunkers were built in the area. Some of the bunkers are still hidden under the sand of the dunes. Havenhoofd was rebuilt between 1947 and 1949. In 1958, the harbour was dammed as a result of the North Sea flood of 1953, and the fishermen moved to Stellendam.

## Gallery

* Fisherman statue
# 1923 Ottawa municipal election

The city of Ottawa, Canada held municipal elections on January 1, 1923, to elect members of the 1923 Ottawa City Council.

## Mayor of Ottawa

| Candidate | Votes | % |
| Frank H. Plant | Acclaimed | Acclaimed |

## Plebiscites

Municipal ownership of the Ottawa Street Railway (property holders) :
| Option | Votes | % |
| Against | 3,569 | 50.04 |
| For | 3,563 | 49.96 |
Daylight saving time :
| Option | Votes | % |
| For | 7,966 | 55.00 |
| Against | 6,518 | 45.00 |
Service at cost agreement :
| Option | Votes | % |
| Against | 9,288 | 65.31 |
| For | 4,933 | 34.69 |
$50,000 bylaw for playgrounds :
| Option | Votes | % |
| Against | 4,245 | 59.67 |
| For | 2,869 | 40.33 |
Abattoir bylaw to raise $75,000 :
| Option | Votes | % |
| Against | 4,886 | 67.46 |
| For | 2,357 | 32.54 |

## Ottawa Board of Control

(4 elected)
| Candidate | Votes | % |
| John P. Balharrie | 6,894 | 16.16 |
| John Cameron | 6,786 | 15.91 |
| Arthur Ellis | 6,775 | 15.88 |
| Joseph McGuire | 6,263 | 14.68 |
| Napoléon Champagne | 6,097 | 14.29 |
| Charles J. Tulley | 4,268 | 10.01 |
| Thomas Brethour | 4,021 | 9.43 |
| J. W. Hinchcliffe | 1,553 | 3.64 |

## Ottawa City Council

(2 elected from each ward)
Rideau Ward :
| Candidate | Votes | % |
| S. Rupert Broadfoot | Acclaimed | Acclaimed |
| D. H. Macdonald | Acclaimed | Acclaimed |
By Ward :
| Candidate | Votes | % |
| Edward Gaulin | 619 | 34.26 |
| Fred Desjardins | 596 | 32.98 |
| Eric Query | 592 | 32.76 |
St. George Ward :
| Candidate | Votes | % |
| W. J. McCaffrey | 996 | 33.69 |
| Walter Cunningham | 987 | 33.39 |
| Leslie P. Whyte | 538 | 18.20 |
| Kealey | 435 | 14.72 |
Wellington Ward :
| Candidate | Votes | % |
| James W. McNabb | 1,367 | 43.41 |
| Erenest D. Lowe | 1,188 | 37.73 |
| E. W. Marshall | 594 | 18.86 |
Capital Ward :
| Candidate | Votes | % |
| H. H. McElroy | Acclaimed | Acclaimed |
| T. H. Brewer | Acclaimed | Acclaimed |
Dalhousie Ward :
| Candidate | Votes | % |
| J. A. Forward | 1,507 | 30.96 |
| Fred Hunt | 1,261 | 25.90 |
| W. E. O'Meara | 1,172 | 24.08 |
| Harry Lowe | 501 | 10.29 |
| Porteous | 427 | 8.77 |
Victoria Ward :
| Candidate | Votes | % |
| Patrick Nolan | 986 | 40.66 |
| Ernest Laroche | 813 | 33.53 |
| Gerald Sims | 626 | 25.81 |
Ottawa Ward :
| Candidate | Votes | % |
| Napoleon Bordeleau | 820 | 37.02 |
| Telmond St. Denis | 714 | 32.23 |
| Guertin | 681 | 30.74 |
Central Ward :
| Candidate | Votes | % |
| William R. Low | 915 | 27.84 |
| C. Allen Snowdon | 821 | 24.98 |
| Barber | 810 | 24.64 |
| Hamilton | 741 | 22.54 |
# FC Norchi Dinamo Tbilisi

FC Norchi Dinamoeli (Georgian: საფეხბურთო კლუბი ნორჩი დინამოელი) is a Georgian football club based in Tbilisi. They play in Erovnuli Liga 2 since they were promoted in 2017.

## History

Football School Norchi Dinamoeli was organized by FC Dinamo Tbilisi in 1949, The school's primary purpose was to prepare young talented players for the club. FC Norchi Dinamoeli became the winner of the Pirveli Liga in 1999 and promoted to Umaglesi Liga, where he participated in club FC Tbilisi behalf. First season at the club was relegated from a Umaglesi Liga. The following season the Club joined to FC Merani-91 Tbilisi and participating as a Norchi Dinamo Merani-B. In 2002, FC Merani has faced financial problems due to the collapse of the team and relegation from the Umaglesi Liga. Since 2003, FC Norchi Dinamoeli played in the Meore Liga. The team won the Meore Liga in 2006 and took the lead in the Pirveli Liga. The club competes in the Pirveli Liga.

## Seasons

    Season League Pos. Pl. W D L GF GA P Cup Notes Manager 1995–96 Pirveli Liga 2 362637 992781 Not Played 1996–97 Pirveli Liga, East Group 5 3820108 953370 Not Played 1998–99 Pirveli Liga, East, B zone 1 262402 791772 Not Played Promoted 1999-00 Umaglesi Liga 14 14329 122625 Round of 8 Relegated 2001–02 Pirveli Liga 11 225116 174716 Not Played Relegated 2005–06 Meore Liga East. 1 302262 821272 Not Played Promoted 2006–07 Pirveli Liga 8 3416414 504952 Round of 16 2007–08 Pirveli Liga 10 271719 207010 Round of 16 2008–09 Pirveli Liga 10 303720 287216 Round of 32 2009–10 Pirveli Liga 8 289514 385732 Round of 32 Valeri Gagua 2010–11 Pirveli Liga 10 3210517 395835 Round of 32 Valeri Gagua 2011–12 Pirveli Liga 1 191474 482844 Round of 32 Zorbeg Ebralidze 2012–13 Pirveli Liga 2018 Pirveli Liga 4 3614913 544751 Third round

## Current squad

Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.
| No. | Pos. | Nation | Player |
| — | GK | CMR | Andre Nonos |
| — | DF | GEO | Giorgi Berishvili |
| — | DF | GEO | Goderdzi Machaidze |
| — | DF | GEO | Zaur Kardava |
| — | DF | GEO | Giorgi Taniashvili |
| — | DF | IDN | Rafael Andika |
| — | DF | GEO | Goga Kvaraia |
| — | DF | GEO | Levan Chagelishvili |
| — | DF | GEO | Goga Chubinidze |
| — | DF | GEO | Giorgi Taniashvili |
| — | MF | GEO | Giorgi Chikvaidze |
| No. | Pos. | Nation | Player |
| — | MF | GEO | Aleksi Khvtisavrishvili |
| — | MF | GEO | Aleksandre Shengelia |
| — | MF | GEO | Zaur Dzagania |
| — | MF | GEO | Ioseb Chakhvashvili |
| — | MF | GEO | Levan Iashvili |
| — | MF | GEO | Beka Shubitidze |
| — | MF | GEO | Giorgi Diasamidze |
| — | FW | GEO | Ilia Kavtaradze |
| — | FW | GEO | Mikheil Khokerashvili |
| — | FW | GEO | Levan Labartkava |

## Honours

* Pirveli Liga
** Champion 1998–99
** Second place 1995–96
* Meore Liga
** Champion 1994–1995 (East Zone)
** Champion 1996–1997 (East Zone) (Norchi Dinamoeli-2)
** Champion 1998–1999 (East Zone) (Norchi Dinamoeli-2)
** Champion 2002–2003 (East Zone)
** Champion 2005–2006 (East Zone)
# Boris Blai

Boris Blai (July 24, 1893 – June 28, 1985) was a Ukrainian-born American sculptor, and academic administrator. His work was part of the sculpture event in the art competition at the 1932 Summer Olympics.
In 1935, Blai founded and became the dean of the Stella Elkins Tyler School of Art at Temple University. The school was named for one of his former students, who, with her husband, had donated the estate where it was established.
Two of Blai's sculptures are publicly accessible on the Temple campus: a large bust of Temple's founder Russell Conwell which decorates Conwell's grave site, and a small statue of Johnnie Ring, Conwell's orderly during the Civil War.
# Gal Nevo

Gal Nevo (Hebrew: גל נבו; born 29 June 1987) is a record-holding Israeli swimmer.

## Biography

Gal Nevo was born in Kibbutz Hamadia in the Beit She'an Valley. When the local swimming pool closed, Nevo would practice at Gan HaShlosha National Park.

## Sports career

Nevo holds three Israeli records, in the 200m IM, 400m IM and 200m butterfly. He represented Israel at the 2008 and 2012 Summer Olympics. Nevo competed on behalf of Israel at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, China. He won a gold medal for Israel in the 2009 Maccabiah Games in the 400 m medley. Nevo also competed on behalf of Israel at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London. Nevo finished 10th in the heats of the 400 meters individual medley, breaking his personal best time. Nevo also swam at the 2016 Summer Olympics.
# Gliese 581b

Gliese 581b or Gl 581b is an exoplanet orbiting within the Gliese 581 system, located 20.5 light-years (6.3 parsecs) away from Earth in the Libra constellation. It is the first planet discovered of three confirmed in the system so far, and the second in order from the star.

## Discovery

The planet was discovered by a team of French and Swiss astronomers, who announced their findings on November 30, 2005, as a discovery of one of the smallest exoplanets then found, with one conclusion being that planets may be more common around the smallest stars. It was the fifth planet found around a red dwarf star (after Gliese 876's first three planets and Gliese 436 b).
The planet was discovered using the HARPS instrument, with which they found the host star to have a wobble that implied the existence of the planet.
The astronomers published their results in Astronomy and Astrophysics Letters.

## Orbit and mass

Gliese 581b has a minimum mass of approximately 15.8 times the Earth's mass, similar to Neptune's mass. It does not transit its star, implying that its orbital inclination is less than 88.1 degrees. A 2024 study determined the inclination of the planet, allowing its true mass to be determined, which is about 30% greater than the minimum mass at about 20.5 Earth masses.
The planet is rather close to Gliese 581 and completes a full orbit in only 5.37 days at a mean distance of about 6 million kilometers (0.04 AU). By comparison, Mercury is at a distance of 58 million kilometers (0.387 AU) and completes an orbit in 88 days.

## Characteristics

Gliese 581b is about 0.04 AU from its sun. It is likely close to Gliese 436 b in mass, temperature, and (with Gliese 876 d) susceptibility to solar effects such as coronal mass ejection. Gliese 581b does not transit. At the least, given that Gliese 581b orbits alongside two other planets (Gliese 581c and e) and that Gliese 436 b (thus far) stands alone, their formation must have differed.