# 2016 in paleoichthyology

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This list of fossil fishes described in 2016 is a list of new taxa of jawless vertebrates, placoderms, acanthodians, fossil cartilaginous fishes, bony fishes and other fishes of every kind that have been described during the year 2016, as well as other significant discoveries and events related to paleontology of fishes that occurred in the year 2016. The list only includes taxa at the level of genus or species.

## Research

* Tullimonstrum gregarium is argued to be a stem-lamprey by McCoy et al. (2016).
* A study of the eye anatomy of Tullimonstrum gregarium is published by Clements et al. (2016).
* New information on the anatomy of the Carboniferous taxa Mayomyzon pieckoensis and Myxinikela siroka is published by Gabbott et al. (2016), who report the presence of melanosomes in their eyes; the authors also conduct a study on the phylogenetic relationships of these species, finding Mayomyzon to be a relative of lampreys and finding Myxinikela to be a relative of hagfish.
* A study on the phylogenetic relationships of Palaeospondylus gunni is published by Hirasawa, Oisi & Kuratani (2016), who interpret it as a probable stem-hagfish.
* New information on the dermal bone histology and phylogenetic relationships of the jawless anaspids, published by Keating & Donoghue (2016), reveal that they are a monophyletic group nested within skeletonizing vertebrates, rather than early relatives of lampreys and hagfish.
* A study on the phylogenetic relationships of early jawed vertebrates is published by Qiao et al. (2016).
* A study on the ontogenetic composition of the Devonian placoderm material known from the Strud quarry (Namur Province, Belgium) is published by Olive et al. (2016), who interpret the Strud locality as representing a placoderm nursery.
* A description of the general anatomy, morphology and histology of dermal elements and the endoskeletal shoulder girdle of three Devonian (Eifelian-Givetian) species of acanthodians known from Scotland (Diplacanthus crassisimus, Diplacanthus tenuistriatus and Rhadinacanthus longispinus) is published by Burrow et al. (2016).
* Fossil tooth of a member of the genus Lagarodus (a cartilaginous fish belonging to the group Euchondrocephali, of uncertain phylogenetic placement within the latter group) is reported for the first time from the Carboniferous of Svalbard by Cuny, Kristensen & Stemmerik (2016).
* A study on the enameloid ultrastructure of the teeth of members of the genus Ptychodus recovered from the Lincoln Limestone of the Greenhorn Formation (Barton County, Kansas, USA) and its implications for the phylogenetic placement of the genus is published by Hoffman, Hageman & Claycomb (2016).
* A specimen of Galeorhinus cuvieri (fossil relative of the school shark) with preserved soft tissues and stomach contents (indicating that it preyed on Eocene relatives of the living barracudas) is described from the Eocene (Ypresian) Monte Bolca site in Italy by Fanti et al. (2016).
* A redescription of the Miocene shark Glyphis pagoda is published by Shimada et al. (2016).
* A study of geographical distribution patterns and global abundance of Carcharocles megalodon from the Miocene to the Pliocene, and a discussion of the possible causes of its extinction, is published by Pimiento et al. (2016).
* A study on the growth history of the teeth of Andreolepis hedei is published by Chen et al. (2016).
* A study on the anatomical diversification of teleosts and holosteans during 160 million years of their evolution (Permian–Early Cretaceous) is published by Clarke, Lloyd & Friedman (2016).
* Specimens of Saurichthys costasquamosus, Saurichthys macrocephalus and Saurichthys paucitrichus with preserved casts of gastrointestinal tract are described by Argyriou et al. (2016).
* A redescription of Ionoscopus petrarojae and a study on the phylogenetic relationships of the species is published by Taverne & Capasso (2016).
* A redescription and a study on the phylogenetic relationships of Dapedium pholidotum, based on new fossil material from the Jurassic (Toarcian) Posidonia Shale (Germany) is published by Thies & Waschkewitz (2016), who name a new order Dapediiformes including the family Dapediidae.
* A redescription and a study on the phylogenetic relationships of the dapediiform species Hemicalypterus weiri is published by Gibson (2016).
* A study on the anatomy of the Carboniferous teleost relative Aetheretmon and its implications for the evolution of tail and caudal fin of vertebrates in published by Sallan (2016).
* A redescription of the anatomy of the Early Cretaceous osteoglossiform Chanopsis lombardi known from the Democratic Republic of the Congo is published by Taverne (2016).
* A specimen of an osteoglossid fish, putatively referred to the species Ridewoodichthys caheni, is described from the Paleocene (Danian) of Angola by Taverne (2016).
* A study on the anatomy and phylogenetic relationships of the ellimmichthyiform Codoichthys carnavalii is published by de Figueiredo & Ribeiro (2016).
* Fossilized hearts are reported in two specimens of Rhacolepis buccalis by Maldanis et al. (2016).
* A phylogenetic study of spiny-rayed teleosts, including Late Cretaceous fossil taxa and that recovers the molecular-based interrelationships with morphological information for the first time, is published by Davesne et al. (2016).
* Meemannia eos, initially classified as a lobe-finned fish, is reinterpreted as an early-diverging ray-finned fish by Lu et al. (2016).
* Description of new skull material of Qingmenodus yui from Pragian of China and a study of phylogenetic relationships of onychodonts is published by Lu et al. (2016).
* Clement et al. (2016) reconstruct the shape of the brain of the Devonian lungfish Rhinodipterus kimberleyensis on the basis of a CT scan of its endocast.
* Virtual cranial endocast of Dipnorhynchus sussmilchi is reconstructed by Clement et al. (2016).

## New taxa
### Jawless vertebrates

| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes |
| Arianalepis | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Hairapetian et al. | Devonian (Famennian) | | Australia  Iran | A turiniid thelodont. The type species is Arianalepis megacostata; genus also contains a second, indeterminate species. |
| Kodinskaspis | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Dzik & Moskalenko | Ordovician (460 Mya) | Mamyry Formation | Russia | A possible relative of Tesakoviaspis concentrica. The type species is Kodinskaspis angarensis. |
| Neoturinia | Gen. et comb. nov | Valid | Hairapetian, Blom & Turner | Devonian (Frasnian) | | Iran | A turiniid thelodont. The type species is "Turinia" hutkensis Blieck & Goujet (1978). |
| Phyllonaspis | Gen. et 3 sp. nov | Valid | Elliott | Early Devonian (late Emsian) | Lost Burro Formation Sevy Dolomite | United States ( California Nevada Utah) | A member of Cyathaspididae. The type species is P. laevis; genus also includes P. serratus and P. taphensis. |

### Placoderms

| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
| Bothriolepis rex | Sp. nov | Valid | Downs et al. | Devonian (Frasnian) | Nordstrand Point Formation | Canada ( Nunavut) | A member of Antiarchi. | |
| Qilinyu | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Zhu et al. | Silurian (late Ludlow) | Kuanti Formation | China | The type species is Q. rostrata. | |

### Acanthodians

| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
| Atopacanthus juvai | Sp. nov | Valid | Hairapetian & Burrow | Late Devonian | Bahram Formation | Iran | A member of Ischnacanthiformes; a species of Atopacanthus. | |

### Cartilaginous fishes

| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes |
| Akaimia myriacuspis | Sp. nov | Valid | Srdic, Duffin & Martill | Middle Jurassic (Callovian) | Peterborough Member of the Oxford Clay Formation | United Kingdom | A carpet shark. |
| Ceolometlaouia | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Engelbrecht et al. | Eocene | La Meseta Formation | Antarctica (Seymour Island) | A carpet shark. Genus includes new species C. pannucae. |
| Crassodus | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Maisch & Matzke | Early Jurassic (early Toarcian) | Posidonienschiefer Formation | Germany | A member of Hybodontidae. The type species is C. reifi. |
| Deltalepis | Gen. et 2 sp. nov | Valid | Andreev et al. | Silurian | Chargat Formation | Mongolia | A relative of Elegestolepis and Ellesmereia. Genus includes new species D. magna and D. parva. |
| Haimirichia | Gen. et comb. nov | Valid | Vullo, Guinot & Barbe | Cretaceous | | Angola  Egypt  France  Japan  Morocco  Nigeria  Spain  United States | A member of Lamniformes of uncertain phylogenetic placement; a new genus for "Odontaspis" amonensis Cappetta & Case (1975). |
| Isanodus nongbualamphuensis | Sp. nov | Valid | Khamha, Cuny & Lauprasert | Early Cretaceous | | Thailand | A member of Hybodontiformes, a species of Isanodus. |
| Lonchidion derenzii | Sp. nov | Valid | Manzanares et al. | Late Triassic | | Spain | A member of Hybodontiformes. |
| Megachasma alisonae | Sp. nov | Valid | Shimada & Ward | Late Eocene | Søvind Marl Formation | Denmark | A relative of the megamouth shark. |
| Megalolamna | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Shimada et al. | Miocene (Aquitanian–Burdigalian) | Chilcatay Formation Jewett Sand Formation Oi Formation O'oshimojo Formation Pungo River Formation Uitpa Formation | Colombia  Japan  Peru  United States ( California, North Carolina) | A member of Otodontidae. The type species is M. paradoxodon. Pollerspöck & Shimada (2024) subsequently considered the type species to be a junior synonym of "Otodus" serotinus Probst (1879), resulting in a new combination Megalolamna serotinus. |
| Notoramphoscyllium | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Engelbrecht et al. | Eocene | La Meseta Formation | Antarctica (Seymour Island) | A carpet shark. Genus includes new species N. woodwardi. |
| Oligodalatias | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Welton | Early Eocene-Miocene | Keasey Formation Kirker Sandstone Lillebælt Clay Pittsburg Bluff Formation | Denmark  France  United States ( California Oregon) | A member of Dalatiidae. The type species is O. jordani. |
| Orectolobus ziegenhinei | Sp. nov | Valid | Cappetta & Case | Eocene (Lutetian) | Lisbon Formation | United States ( Alabama) | A species of Orectolobus. |
| Orthechinorhinus davidae | Sp. nov | Valid | Welton | Early Oligocene | Alsea Formation | United States ( Oregon) | Probably a member of Etmopteridae. |
| Ossianodus | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Ginter | Carboniferous (Gzhelian) | Indian Cave Sandstone | United States ( Nebraska) | A member of Hybodontidae. The type species is O. nebraskensis. |
| Pristiophorus laevis | Sp. nov | Valid | Engelbrecht et al. | Eocene | | Antarctica | A species of Pristiophorus. |
| Protosqualus argentinensis | Sp. nov | Valid | Bogan, Agnolin & Novas | Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) | Calafate Formation | Argentina | A member of Squaliformes, a species of Protosqualus. |
| Rhinoscymnus viridiadamas | Sp. nov | Valid | Welton & Goedert | Oligocene | Lincoln Creek Formation | United States ( Washington) | A member of Somniosidae, a species of Rhinoscymnus. |
| Scoliodon conecuhensis | Sp. nov | Valid | Cappetta & Case | Eocene (Lutetian) | Lisbon Formation | United States ( Alabama) | A species of Scoliodon. |
| Solinalepis | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Andreev et al. | Ordovician (Sandbian) | Harding Sandstone | United States ( Colorado) | A member of Mongolepidida of uncertain phylogenetic placement. The type species is S. levis. |
| Somniosus gonzalezi | Sp. nov | Valid | Welton & Goedert | Oligocene | Pysht Formation | United States ( Washington) | A member of Somniosidae, a species of Somniosus. |
| Sphenacanthus tenuis | Sp. nov | Valid | Ginter | Carboniferous (Gzhelian) | Indian Cave Sandstone | United States ( Nebraska) | A member of Sphenacanthidae. |
| Squalicorax deckeri | Sp. nov | Valid | Bice & Shimada | Late Cretaceous (Turonian) | Codell Sandstone Member of the Carlile Shale | United States ( Kansas) | |
| Squatina (Squatina) fortemordeo | Sp. nov | Valid | Siversson et al. | Late Cretaceous (early Campanian) | Kristianstad Basin | Sweden | An angel shark. |
| Squatina (Squatina) lundegreni | Sp. nov | Valid | Siversson et al. | Late Cretaceous (early Campanian) | Kristianstad Basin | Sweden | An angel shark. |
| Synechodus filipi | Sp. nov | Valid | Siversson et al. | Late Cretaceous (early Campanian) | Kristianstad Basin | Sweden | A member of Synechodontiformes, a species of Synechodus. |
| Tethylamna | Gen. et sp. et comb. nov | Valid | Cappetta & Case | Eocene (Lutetian-Priabonian) | Lisbon Formation | Egypt  Morocco  Pakistan  United States ( Alabama Georgia (U.S. state)) | Genus includes new species T. dunni, as well as "Lamna" twiggsensis Case (1981). |

### Bony fishes

| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes |
| Adrianaichthys | Gen. et comb. nov | Valid | Meunier et al. | Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian) | Kem Kem Group | Morocco | A member of Lepisosteiformes; a new genus for "Lepidotes" pankowskii Forey, López-Arbarello & MacLeod (2011). |
| Altamuraichthys | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Taverne | Late Cretaceous (Campanian-Maastrichtian) | | Italy | A member of Ichthyodectidae. The type species is A. meleleoi. |
| Amazonasciaena | Gen. et comb. nov | Valid | Aguilera, Schwarzhans & Béarez | Miocene (Aquitanian to early Burdigalian) | Pirabas Formation | Brazil | A member of Sciaenidae; a new genus for "Sciaenops" rossettiae Aguilera & Schwarzhans (2014). |
| Amyzon kishenehnicum | Sp. nov | Valid | Liu, Wilson & Murray | Eocene | Kishenehn Formation | United States ( Montana) | A member of Catostomidae. |
| Argentina antarctica | Sp. nov | Valid | Schwarzhans et al. | Eocene (late Ypresian | La Meseta Formation | Antarctica (Seymour Island) | A herring smelt, a species of Argentina. |
| Ariomma? astridae | Sp. nov | Valid | Hoedemakers & Schneider | Oligocene (Rupelian) | | Germany | Possibly a species of Ariomma. |
| Armigatus dalmaticus | Sp. nov | Valid | Murray et al. | Late Cretaceous (Campanian) | | Croatia | A clupeomorph belonging to the group Ellimmichthyiformes. |
| Askerichthys | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Borgen & Nakrem | Late Carboniferous | Tanum Formation | Norway | A member of the family Megalichthyidae. The type species is A. heintzi. |
| Atractoscion odeai | Sp. nov | Valid | Aguilera, Schwarzhans & Béarez | Miocene (late Burdigalian to early Langhian) | Cantaure Formation Castilletes Formation | Colombia  Venezuela | A member of Sciaenidae, a species of Atractoscion |
| Axelrodichthys megadromos | Sp. nov | Valid | Cavin, Valentin & Garcia | Late Cretaceous (early Campanian) | | France | A mawsoniid coelacanth, a species of Axelrodichthys. |
| Balkaria | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Bannikov et al. | Eocene | | Russia ( Kabardino-Balkaria) | A member of Tetraodontiformes belonging to the suborder Tetraodontoidei. The type species is Balkaria histiopterygia. |
| ‘Branchiostegus’ brevis | Sp. nov | Valid | Lin, Nolf & Girone in Lin et al. | Eocene (Lutetian) | Aquitaine Basin | France | Possibly a species of Branchiostegus |
| Callaus cubaguanus | Sp. nov | Valid | Aguilera, Schwarzhans & Béarez | Late Miocene to late Pliocene | Cubagua Formation | Venezuela | A member of Sciaenidae, a species of Callaus |
| Carlomonnius | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Bannikov & Carnevale | Eocene (late Ypresian) | Monte Bolca locality | Italy | A member of Gobioidei of uncertain phylogenetic placement. The type species is Carlomonnius quasigobius. |
| Cataetyx stringeri | Sp. nov | Valid | Schwarzhans & Aguilera | Late Pliocene to early Pleistocene | Bowden Formation Moin Formation | Costa Rica  Jamaica | A viviparous brotula; a species of Cataetyx. |
| Catutoichthys | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Gouiric-Cavalli | Late Jurassic (Tithonian) | Vaca Muerta Formation | Argentina | A member of Caturidae. The type species is C. olsacheri. |
| Cepola anderssoni | Sp. nov | Valid | Schwarzhans et al. | Eocene (late Ypresian | La Meseta Formation | Antarctica (Seymour Island) | A bandfish, a species of Cepola. |
| Cepola rostislavi | Sp. nov | Valid | Lin, Nolf & Girone in Lin et al. | Eocene (Lutetian) | Aquitaine Basin | France | A species of Cepola |
| Ceratodus kranzi | Sp. nov | Valid | Frederickson, Lipka & Cifelli | Early Cretaceous | Potomac Formation | United States ( Maryland) | A lungfish, a species of Ceratodus. |
| Coelorinchus balushkini | Sp. nov | Valid | Schwarzhans et al. | Eocene (late Ypresian | La Meseta Formation | Antarctica (Seymour Island) | A grenadier, a species of Coelorinchus. |
| Coelorinchus nordenskjoeldi | Sp. nov | Valid | Schwarzhans et al. | Eocene (late Ypresian | La Meseta Formation | Antarctica (Seymour Island) | A grenadier, a species of Coelorinchus. |
| Ctenoplectus | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Close et al. | Eocene (Ypresian) | London Clay Formation | United Kingdom | A member of Tetraodontiformes related to the threetooth puffer. The type species is C. williamsi. |
| Cumbaaichthys | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Murray | Late Cretaceous (Turonian) | | Canada | A member of Polymixiiformes of uncertain phylogenetic placement. The type species is Cumbaaichthys oxyrhynchus. |
| Cynoscion latiostialis | Sp. nov | Valid | Aguilera, Schwarzhans & Béarez | Miocene (Tortonian) | Gatun Formation Urumaco Formation | Panama  Venezuela | A member of Sciaenidae, a species of Cynoscion |
| Cynoscion prolixus | Sp. nov | Valid | Aguilera, Schwarzhans & Béarez | Miocene (Tortonian) to late Pliocene | Chagres Formation Cubagua Formation Urumaco Formation | Panama  Venezuela | A member of Sciaenidae, a species of Cynoscion |
| Cynoscion scitulus | Sp. nov | Valid | Aguilera, Schwarzhans & Béarez | Miocene (Tortonian) | Gatun Formation | Panama | A member of Sciaenidae, a species of Cynoscion |
| Diaphus? marambionis | Sp. nov | Valid | Schwarzhans et al. | Eocene (late Ypresian | La Meseta Formation | Antarctica (Seymour Island) | A lanternfish, possibly a species of Diaphus. |
| Ebertichthys | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Arratia | Late Jurassic | | Germany | A teleost related to Ascalabos voithii. The type species is Ebertichthys ettlingensis. |
| Eekaulostomus | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Cantalice & Alvarado-Ortega | Paleocene (Danian) | | Mexico | A member of the superfamily Aulostomoidea. The type species is E. cuevasae. |
| ‘Elops’ miiformis | Sp. nov | Valid | Lin, Nolf & Girone in Lin et al. | Eocene (Lutetian) | Aquitaine Basin | France | Possibly a species of Elops |
| Eoengraulis | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Marramà & Carnevale | Eocene (late Ypresian) | Monte Bolca locality | Italy | An anchovy. The type species is Eoengraulis fasoloi. |
| ‘Evermannella’ razza | Sp. nov | Valid | Lin, Nolf & Girone in Lin et al. | Eocene (Lutetian) | Aquitaine Basin | France | Possibly a species of Evermannella |
| Foreyclupea | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Vernygora, Murray & Wilson | Early Cretaceous (Albian) | Loon River Formation | Canada ( Northwest Territories) | A member of Clupeomorpha, possibly related to Ranulfoichthys dorsonudum and Scutatuspinosus itapagipensis. The type species is Foreyclupea loonensis. |
| Francolebias arvernensis | Sp. nov | Valid | Gaudant | Oligocene | | France | A relative of Valencia. |
| Frodoichthys | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Sun et al. | Middle Triassic (Anisian) | Guanling Formation | China | A member of Neopterygii of uncertain phylogenetic placement, showing similarities to Prosantichthys and thus to the halecomorph order Panxianichthyformes. The type species is F. luopingensis. |
| Gimlichthys | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Sun et al. | Middle Triassic (Anisian) | Guanling Formation | China | A member of Neopterygii of uncertain phylogenetic placement, more similar to ginglymodians than to halecomorphs. The type species is G. dawaziensis. |
| Gladiopycnodus byrnei | Sp. nov | Valid | Marramà et al. | Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian) | | Lebanon | A member of Pycnodontiformes belonging to the superfamily Coccodontoidea, a species of Gladiopycnodus. |
| Habroichthys dolomiticus | Sp. nov | Valid | Tintori, Lombardo & Kustatscher | Middle Triassic (Anisian) | | Italy | |
| ‘Haemulon’ strascinate | Sp. nov | Valid | Lin, Nolf & Girone in Lin et al. | Eocene (Lutetian) | Aquitaine Basin | France | Possibly a species of Haemulon |
| Herreraichthys | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Alvarado-Ortega et al. | Late Cretaceous (Santonian) | | Mexico | A gar. The type species is Herreraichthys coahuilaensis. |
| Hoplobrotula? antipoda | Sp. nov | Valid | Schwarzhans et al. | Eocene (late Ypresian | La Meseta Formation | Antarctica (Seymour Island) | A cusk-eel, possibly a species of Hoplobrotula. |
| Hoplopteryx dakotaensis | Sp. nov | Valid | Grandstaff & Parris | Late Cretaceous (Turonian) | Carlile Formation | United States ( South Dakota) | |
| Hyporhamphus tatjanchenkoi | Sp. nov | Valid | Bannikov, Carnevale & Kotlyar | Miocene | | Russia ( Krasnodar Krai) | A halfbeak, a species of Hyporhamphus. |
| Igornichthys bohemicus | Sp. nov | Valid | Štamberg | Permian (Asselian) | Vrchlabí Formation | Czech Republic | A ray-finned fish belonging to the group Brookvaliiformes. |
| Isopisthus acer | Sp. nov | Valid | Aguilera, Schwarzhans & Béarez | Late Pliocene | Río Banano Formation | Costa Rica | A member of Sciaenidae, a species of Isopisthus |
| Khoratichthys | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Deesri, Jintasakul & Cavin | Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous | Phu Kradung Formation | Thailand | A basal member of Lepisosteiformes. The type species is K. gibbus. |
| Kooiichthys | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Azpelicueta et al. | Miocene | Puerto Madryn Formation | Argentina | A catfish. The type species is Kooiichthys jono. |
| Lamprogrammus manzanilla | Sp. nov | Valid | Schwarzhans & Aguilera | Miocene (late Tortonian) | Manzanilla Formation | Trinidad and Tobago (Trinidad) | A cusk-eel; a species of Lamprogrammus. |
| Larimus angosturae | Sp. nov | Valid | Aguilera, Schwarzhans & Béarez | Miocene (Tortonian) to Pliocene (Zanclean) | Angostura Formation Río Banano Formation | Costa Rica  Ecuador | A member of Sciaenidae, a species of Larimus |
| Larimus humboldti | Sp. nov | Valid | Aguilera, Schwarzhans & Béarez | Miocene (Burdigalian to early Langhian) | Cantaure Formation Jimol Formation | Colombia  Venezuela | A member of Sciaenidae, a species of Larimus |
| Larimus pandus | Sp. nov | Valid | Aguilera, Schwarzhans & Béarez | Miocene (Tortonian) | Angostura Formation Gatun Formation | Ecuador  Panama | A member of Sciaenidae, a species of Larimus |
| Lepophidium borbonensis | Sp. nov | Valid | Schwarzhans & Aguilera | Miocene (Tortonian and Messinian) | Angostura Formation Onzole Formation | Ecuador | A cusk-eel; a species of Lepophidium. |
| Lepophidium crebrum | Sp. nov | Valid | Schwarzhans & Aguilera | Miocene (Serravallian and Tortonian) | Angostura Formation Manzanilla Formation Tamana Formation | Ecuador  Trinidad and Tobago (Trinidad) | A cusk-eel; a species of Lepophidium. |
| Lepophidium gentilis | Sp. nov | Valid | Schwarzhans & Aguilera | Miocene (Tortonian) | Gatun Formation | Panama | A cusk-eel; a species of Lepophidium. |
| Lepophidium leai | Sp. nov | Valid | Schwarzhans & Aguilera | Late Pliocene | Cubagua Formation | Venezuela | A cusk-eel; a species of Lepophidium. |
| Lepophidium limulum | Sp. nov | Valid | Schwarzhans & Aguilera | Miocene (Messinian) | Onzole Formation | Ecuador | A cusk-eel; a species of Lepophidium. |
| Lepophidium refugum | Sp. nov | Valid | Schwarzhans & Aguilera | Early Pliocene | Cubagua Formation | Venezuela | A cusk-eel; a species of Lepophidium. |
| Leptolumamia | Gen. et sp. nov. | Valid | Bannikov & Fraser | Lower Eocene, upper Ypresian | North-eastern Italy, Monte Bolca locality, Monte Postale site | Italy | A new genus and species of cardinalfish (Percomorpha, Apogonidae). The type species is L. vetula. |
| ‘Liopropoma’ sculpta | Sp. nov | Valid | Lin, Nolf & Girone in Lin et al. | Eocene (Lutetian) | Aquitaine Basin | France | Possibly a species of Liopropoma |
| Macruronus eastmani | Sp. nov | Valid | Schwarzhans et al. | Eocene | La Meseta Formation | Antarctica (Seymour Island)  Australia | A member of Merlucciidae, a species of Macruronus. |
| Malacanthus carosii | Sp. nov | Valid | Carnevale | Miocene (Badenian) | Leitha Limestone | Austria | A species of Malacanthus. |
| Megalichthys syndentolaminaris | Sp. nov | Valid | Borgen & Nakrem | Carboniferous | | United Kingdom | A member of the family Megalichthyidae. |
| Melamphaes acanthifer | Sp. nov | Valid | Lin, Nolf & Girone in Lin et al. | Eocene (Lutetian) | Aquitaine Basin | France | A species of Melamphaes |
| Nebris dioneae | Sp. nov | Valid | Aguilera, Schwarzhans & Béarez | Miocene (Tortonian) | Urumaco Formation | Venezuela | A member of Sciaenidae, a species of Nebris |
| ‘Neobythites’ auribatianus | Sp. nov | Valid | Lin, Nolf & Girone in Lin et al. | Eocene (Lutetian) | Aquitaine Basin | France | Possibly a species of Neobythites |
| ‘Neobythites’ bozzolo | Sp. nov | Valid | Lin, Nolf & Girone in Lin et al. | Eocene (Lutetian) | Aquitaine Basin | France | A cusk-eel. Originally described as a possible species of Neobythites, but subsequently transferred to the genus Pronobythites by Schwarzhans & Nielsen (2023). |
| Neobythites huddlestoni | Sp. nov | Valid | Schwarzhans & Aguilera | Miocene (late Langhian) | Brasso Formation | Trinidad and Tobago (Trinidad) | A cusk-eel; a species of Neobythites. |
| ‘Neobythites’ leonardi | Sp. nov | Valid | Lin, Nolf & Girone in Lin et al. | Eocene (Lutetian) | Aquitaine Basin | France | A cusk-eel. Originally described as a possible species of Neobythites, but subsequently transferred to the genus Pronobythites by Schwarzhans & Nielsen (2023). |
| Neoscopelus navicularis | Sp. nov | Valid | Lin, Nolf & Girone in Lin et al. | Eocene (Lutetian) | Aquitaine Basin | France | A species of Neoscopelus |
| Nezumia teoulerensis | Sp. nov | Valid | Lin, Nolf & Girone in Lin et al. | Eocene (Lutetian) | Aquitaine Basin | France | A species of Nezumia |
| Notoberyx | Gen. et sp. et comb. nov | Valid | Schwarzhans et al. | Early Eocene | La Meseta Formation | Antarctica (Seymour Island)  Denmark | A slimehead. The type species is Notoberyx cionei; genus also includes Notoberyx madseni (Schwarzhans, 2007). |
| Occitanichthys | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | López-Arbarello & Wencker | Late Jurassic (Tithonian) | | France | A member of Semionotiformes belonging to the family Callipurbeckiidae. The type species is Occitanichthys canjuersensis. |
| Ogilbichthys dariensis | Sp. nov | Valid | Schwarzhans & Aguilera | Miocene (early Tortonian) | Tuira Formarion | Panama | A viviparous brotula; a species of Ogilbichthys. |
| Oligoremora | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Micklich et al. | Oligocene | | Germany | A remora. The type species is Oligoremora rhenana. |
| Oncorhynchus belli | Sp. nov | Valid | Stearley & Smith | Miocene | Truckee Formation | United States ( Nevada) | A species of Oncorhynchus. |
| Oncorhynchus rastellus | Sp. nov | Valid | Stearley & Smith | Miocene | Chalk Hills Formation | United States ( Idaho) | A species of Oncorhynchus. |
| Ophidion bowdenensis | Sp. nov | Valid | Schwarzhans & Aguilera | Late Pliocene | Bowden Formation | Jamaica | A cusk-eel; a species of Ophidion. |
| Ophidion pauxillicauda | Sp. nov | Valid | Schwarzhans & Aguilera | Middle Pleistocene | Swan Cay Formation | Panama | A cusk-eel; a species of Ophidion. |
| Ophidion sporoformis | Sp. nov | Valid | Schwarzhans & Aguilera | Miocene (Tortonian) | Angostura Formation | Ecuador | A cusk-eel; a species of Ophidion. |
| Ophioscion amphiamericanus | Sp. nov | Valid | Aguilera, Schwarzhans & Béarez | Miocene (Tortonian and Messinian) | Angostura Formation Cercado Formation | Dominican Republic  Ecuador | A member of Sciaenidae, a species of Ophioscion. |
| Ophioscion inflaticauda | Sp. nov | Valid | Aguilera, Schwarzhans & Béarez | Miocene (late Tortonian) | Manzanilla Formation | Trinidad and Tobago (Trinidad) | A member of Sciaenidae, a species of Ophioscion. |
| Ophioscion transitivus | Sp. nov | Valid | Aguilera, Schwarzhans & Béarez | Miocene (late Burdigalian to Langhian) | Baitoa Formation Brasso Formation | Dominican Republic  Trinidad and Tobago (Trinidad) | A member of Sciaenidae, a species of Ophioscion. |
| ‘Ophichthus’ mignolo | Sp. nov | Valid | Lin, Nolf & Girone in Lin et al. | Eocene (Lutetian) | Aquitaine Basin | France | Possibly a species of Ophichthus |
| Orthogonikleithrus francogalliensis | Sp. nov | Valid | Konwert | Late Jurassic | | France | A teleost belonging to the family Orthogonikleithridae, a species of Orthogonikleithrus. |
| Palaeomacrosemius | Sp. nov | Valid | Ebert, Lane & Kölbl-Ebert | Late Jurassic (late Kimmeridgian to early Tithonian) | | France  Germany | A member of Macrosemiidae. Genus includes new species P. thiollieri. |
| Palimphemus seymourensis | Sp. nov | Valid | Schwarzhans et al. | Eocene (late Ypresian | La Meseta Formation | Antarctica (Seymour Island) | A member of Gadidae, a species of Palimphemus. |
| Pavarottia maiseyi | Sp. nov. | Valid | Bannikov | Eocene (late Ypresian) | Monte Bolca locality | Italy | A member of Percoidei of uncertain phylogenetic placement. |
| Peltopleurus nitidus | Sp. nov | Valid | Xu & Ma | Middle Triassic (Anisian) | | China | |
| Pentanogmius fritschi | Sp. nov | Valid | Shimada | Late Cretaceous (late Cenomanian–early Turonian) | Britton Formation | United States ( Texas) | A member of Tselfatiiformes, a species of Pentanogmius. |
| ‘Perca’ lactarioides | Sp. nov | Valid | Lin, Nolf & Girone in Lin et al. | Eocene (Lutetian) | Aquitaine Basin | France | Possibly a species of Perca |
| ‘Perca’ meiformis | Sp. nov | Valid | Lin, Nolf & Girone in Lin et al. | Eocene (Lutetian) | Aquitaine Basin | France | Possibly a species of Perca |
| Phractocephalus ivy | Sp. nov | Valid | Azpelicueta & Cione | Miocene (Tortonian) | Ituzaingó Formation | Argentina | A member of the family Pimelodidae. Originally described as a species of Phractocephalus; Bogan & Agnolín (2019) transferred this species to the genus Steindachneridion. |
| Plagioscion ultimus | Sp. nov | Valid | Aguilera, Schwarzhans & Béarez | Pliocene | Cubagua Formation Springvale Formation | Trinidad and Tobago (Trinidad)  Venezuela | A member of Sciaenidae, a species of Plagioscion |
| Pleuropholis cisnerosorum | Sp. nov | Valid | Alvarado-Ortega & Brito | Late Jurassic | Sabinal Formation | Mexico | |
| Polycirrhus jaramilloi | Sp. nov | Valid | Aguilera, Schwarzhans & Béarez | Miocene (Burdigalian to Langhian) | Cantaure Formation Castilletes Formation Jimol Formation | Colombia  Venezuela | A member of Sciaenidae, a species of Polycirrhus |
| Polycirrhus mustus | Sp. nov | Valid | Aguilera, Schwarzhans & Béarez | Miocene (Burdigalian to Langhian) | Cantaure Formation Castilletes Formation Jimol Formation | Colombia  Venezuela | A member of Sciaenidae, a species of Polycirrhus |
| Protonebris | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Aguilera, Schwarzhans & Béarez | Miocene (Aquitanian to early Burdigalian) | Castillo Formation | Venezuela | A member of Sciaenidae. The type species is Protonebris sanchezi |
| Ptychoceratodus cuyanus | Sp. nov | Valid | Agnolín et al. | Late Triassic (Carnian) | Potrerillos Formation | Argentina | A lungfish. |
| Rhinconichthys purgatorensis | Sp. nov | Valid | Schumacher et al. | Late Cretaceous (middle Turonian) | Carlile Shale | United States ( Colorado) | A member of Pachycormiformes, a species of Rhinconichthys. |
| Rhinconichthys uyenoi | Sp. nov | Valid | Schumacher et al. | Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian) | Mikasa Formation | Japan | A member of Pachycormiformes, a species of Rhinconichthys. |
| Saurichthys dianneae | Sp. nov | Valid | Maxwell et al. | Middle Triassic (Anisian) | Vossenveld Formation | Netherlands | |
| Saurida trompensis | Sp. nov | Valid | Lin, Nolf & Girone in Lin et al. | Eocene (Lutetian) | Aquitaine Basin | France | A species of Saurida |
| ‘Scopelarchus’ gnocco | Sp. nov | Valid | Lin, Nolf & Girone in Lin et al. | Eocene (Lutetian) | Aquitaine Basin | France | Possibly a species of Scopelarchus |
| Silurus spinosus | Sp. nov | Valid | Kovalchuk & Ferraris | Late Miocene (late Sarmatian) | | Ukraine | A catfish; a species of Silurus. |
| Stellifer abbreviatus | Sp. nov | Valid | Aguilera, Schwarzhans & Béarez | Late Pliocene | Río Banano Formation | Costa Rica | A member of Sciaenidae, a species of Stellifer. |
| Stellifer acerbus | Sp. nov | Valid | Aguilera, Schwarzhans & Béarez | Miocene (late Tortonian) | Manzanilla Formation | Trinidad and Tobago (Trinidad) | A member of Sciaenidae, a species of Stellifer. |
| Stellifer bicornutus | Sp. nov | Valid | Aguilera, Schwarzhans & Béarez | Late Pliocene | Río Banano Formation | Costa Rica | A member of Sciaenidae, a species of Stellifer. |
| Stellifer depressifrons | Sp. nov | Valid | Aguilera, Schwarzhans & Béarez | Miocene (late Burdigalian to Langhian) | Cantaure Formation | Venezuela | A member of Sciaenidae, a species of Stellifer. |
| Stellifer onzole | Sp. nov | Valid | Aguilera, Schwarzhans & Béarez | Miocene (Messinian) | Onzole Formation | Ecuador | A member of Sciaenidae, a species of Stellifer. |
| Ticinolepis | Gen. et 2 sp. nov | Valid | López-Arbarello et al. | Middle Triassic (Ladinian) | Besano Formation Meride Limestone | Switzerland | A member of Holostei of uncertain phylogenetic placement. The type species is T. longaeva; genus also includes T. crassidens. |
| ‘Trachyrincus’ iocosus | Sp. nov | Valid | Lin, Nolf & Girone in Lin et al. | Eocene (Lutetian) | Aquitaine Basin | France | Possibly a species of Trachyrincus |
| Turboscinetes | Gen. et comb. nov | Valid | Ebert | Late Jurassic | | France  Germany | A member of the family Pycnodontidae. The type species is "Pycnodus" egertoni Thiollière (1852). |
| Umbrina abbreviata | Sp. nov | Valid | Aguilera, Schwarzhans & Béarez | Miocene (late Burdigalian to early Langhian) | Castilletes Formation | Colombia | A member of Sciaenidae, a species of Umbrina |
| Umbrina bananensis | Sp. nov | Valid | Aguilera, Schwarzhans & Béarez | Pliocene | Cayo Agua Formation Río Banano Formation | Costa Rica  Panama | A member of Sciaenidae, a species of Umbrina |
| Umbrina laxa | Sp. nov | Valid | Aguilera, Schwarzhans & Béarez | Miocene (late Burdigalian to early Langhian) | Castilletes Formation | Colombia | A member of Sciaenidae, a species of Umbrina |
| Umbrina opima | Sp. nov | Valid | Aguilera, Schwarzhans & Béarez | Late Miocene and early Pliocene | Chucunaque Formation Cubagua Formation Gatún Formation Tuira Formation | Panama  Venezuela | A member of Sciaenidae, a species of Umbrina |
| Umbrina sublima | Sp. nov | Valid | Aguilera, Schwarzhans & Béarez | Late Miocene and early Pliocene | Cayo Agua Formation Cubagua Formation | Panama  Venezuela | A member of Sciaenidae, a species of Umbrina |
| Umbrina surda | Sp. nov | Valid | Aguilera, Schwarzhans & Béarez | Late Miocene (Tortonian) | Angostura Formation | Ecuador | A member of Sciaenidae, a species of Umbrina |
| Unicachichthys | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Díaz-Cruz, Alvarado-Ortega & Carbot-Chanona | Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian) | | Mexico | A member of Aulopiformes belonging to the family Enchodontidae. The type species is Unicachichthys multidentata. |
| Venusichthys | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Xu & Zhao | Middle Triassic (Anisian) | Guanling Formation | China | A stem-neopterygian. The type species is Venusichthys comptus. |
| Whiteia oishii | Sp. nov | Valid | Yabumoto & Brito | Triassic | | Indonesia | A coelacanth. |
| Wilsonichthys | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Murray et al. | Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian | Scollard Formation | Canada ( Alberta) | A member of Osteoglossomorpha. The type species is Wilsonichthys aridinsulensis. |
| Xenotolithus semiostialis | Sp. nov | Valid | Aguilera, Schwarzhans & Béarez | Miocene (late Burdigalian to early Langhian) | Brasso Formation | Trinidad and Tobago (Trinidad) | A member of Sciaenidae belonging to the subfamily Stelliferinae, a species of Xenotolithus. |
| Xenotolithus semiostialis | Sp. nov | Valid | Aguilera, Schwarzhans & Béarez | Miocene (Messinian) and early Pliocene | Gros Morne Formation Manzanilla Formation | Trinidad and Tobago (Trinidad) | A member of Sciaenidae belonging to the subfamily Stelliferinae, a species of Xenotolithus. |
| Zenion mattaccino | Sp. nov | Valid | Lin, Nolf & Girone in Lin et al. | Eocene (Lutetian) | Aquitaine Basin | France | A species of Zenion |
| Zenion vetustus | Sp. nov | Valid | Lin, Nolf & Girone in Lin et al. | Eocene (Lutetian) | Aquitaine Basin | France | A species of Zenion |