OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Chalkboard eraser

A chalkboard eraser (sometimes known as a duster in India and elsewhere) is a special type of eraser specifically used to erase chalk markings on slating paint (used on chalkboards and slates). It is most commonly made of felt strips attached to a handle. Chalkboard erasers are typically broad and rectangular, intended to clear large areas for new content as part of a lecture or presentation.

## History

Chalkboard erasers were invented around 1863 by John L. Hammett, who owned some stores that sold and created school products in Rhode Island and then later in Boston. Mostly slates were sold there as well as chalk and so on. At the time, rags or old cloths were used to erase and get rid of the chalk markings on slates in schools, offices, and for the most part, everywhere. Hammett created the chalkboard before the invention of the chalkboard eraser by creating slating paint. Hammett then, during a presentation on his chalkboard "discovered" that wool felt strips wiped off the chalk writing better than rags. Following this discovery he gathered a team to create the custom eraser for sale. The erasers proved to be a success for Hammett and, later in the 19th century, he created a company that also sold inexpensive supplies for teachers and schools, such as paper and ink. Hammett ultimately sold the company.
# Maxim Stoyanov

Maxim Stoyanov (Russian: Максим Владимирович Стоянов; born June 29, 1987) is a Russian stage and film actor, known for his work in the 2019 American comedy drama Give Me Liberty.

## Biography

Stoyanov was born in Tighina, in the Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic, USSR (now Bender, under the control of Transnistria, which is internationally recognized as part of Moldova) into the family of a train machinist and a factory worker. He studied at the Moscow Art Theatre School under Konstantin Raikin, graduating in 2013.
His first film role was in The Hope Factory, which premiered at the Rotterdam IFF.
Stoyanov garnered critical acclaim for his portrayal of Dima in Give Me Liberty. Justin Chang of The Los Angeles Times likened Stoyanov's character to “a walking mascot for the movie’s big-heartedness; he may be the one character who, no matter how chaotic things get — and they get pretty chaotic — is delighted simply to be there.” “The movie's most big-hearted character is a Russian boxer named Dima played by Maxim Stoyanov with a boisterous charm that lights up his every scene.” Film Comment compared Stoyanov to a “muscle-bound young James Gandolfini”, whose character “has the eagerness of a large Alsatian puppy, and exudes the sort of undiluted force-of-nature comic charisma that filmmakers pray will miraculously fall out of the sky and into their cast.” Manohla Dargis of The New York Times placed “fantastic Max Stoyanov” in her 2020 list of Oscar-worthy performances.
In Russia, Stoyanov's work in Give Me Liberty also received critical and public acclaim.
Stoyanov has also appeared in the Russian TV series Shifr by Vera Storozheva and The Missing by Vadim Perelman.

## Selected filmography

| Year | Title | Role |
| 2013 | Break Loose | |
| 2014 | The Hope Factory | Shkarupa |
| 2017 | Loveless | apartment buyer |
| 2017 | The Road to Calvary | Dmitro |
| 2018 | Better than Us | Yuriy |
| 2019 | Give Me Liberty | Dima |
| 2019-2020 | Shifr | Vyacheslav Agarin |
| 2020 | AK-47 | Lieutenant |
| 2021 | Captain Volkonogov Escaped | Lependin |
| 2021 | Gerda | Andrej |
| 2021 | The Missing | Yegor Malevich |

## Awards and nominations

| Year | Association | Category | Nominated work | Result | Notes |
| 2013 | Golden Leaf Award [ru] | Best Actor | A Streetcar Named Desire, Theatre Center "Na Strastnom" | Won | |
# Mohammadreza Mirzaei

Mohammadreza Mirzaei (Persian: محمدرضا میرزایی; born 1986) is an Iranian photographer and writer, living in Santa Barbara, California.

## Education

Mirzaei studied graphic design at IRIB Art School and Italian Literature at Azad University in Tehran. In 2012, he moved to Philadelphia to pursue his MFA at University of Pennsylvania. He is now a Ph.D. student at the University of California Santa Barbara.

## Work

In 2006, Mirzaei did a photo series called Humans, which has been exhibited in 4 solo shows in Iran, Turkey, UAE and Russia as well as in some group exhibitions in Australia and Italy. Michael Kenna has acclaimed this photo series by an essay: Mr. Mirzaei, with reserved sensibility, kindly provides us with an opportunity to quietly reflect and consider the reasons for our existence. It is a worthy subject to ponder, and this is a worthy group of photographs. Mirzaei's photographs have been also credited by his compatriot photographer Mitra Tabrizian, who admired the surreal quality and the sense of isolation in his works.
In 2008, his photo series Rewind won the first prize of the 3rd photo feast of Tehran's University of Art.
In Mirzaei's series The Encounters he photographed other people in the act of making photographs.
Mirzaei's book What I Don't Have (2013) contains a long story and a photo series.
Mirzaei is the translator of La Grammatica di Dio, short stories by Stefano Benni from the Italian to the Persian.
He is founding editor of Dide Magazine and was one of the jurors of International Photobook Award in 2011. His photos have been exhibited in different biennials and annuals including Bogotá Fotográfica in 2011 and Journées photographiques de Bienne in 2012.

## Publications

* What I Don't Have. Bradipo, 2013.
* Here Comes The Sun. University of Pennsylvania Common Press, 2014. With an essay by Carlos Basualdo.
* Dialectics of Seeing. Blue Tiger, 2018. With Gordon Stillman.
* Postcards. Blue Tiger, 2019.
# Anthony Gordon (clinical scientist)

Anthony Gordon MBE FRCA FMedSci is a British clinician scientist and the Chair of Anaesthesia & Critical Care at Imperial College London and works as an intensive care consultant at Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust.

## Early life and education

Educated at Kings College School, Wimbledon, he studied medicine at St Bartholomew's Hospital Medical School, University of London, and was awarded a BSc in Anatomy with Basic Medical Sciences in 1990 and MBBS in 1993. He undertook his doctoral studies with Charles Hinds and was awarded an MD for his thesis exploring genetic polymorphisms in sepsis

## Career and research

He undertook his postgraduate medical training in London with an additional year at Royal North Shore Hospital in Sydney, Australia He was awarded the Intensive Care Society visiting fellowship in 2005 and spent two years in Vancouver at St Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia and also worked as the director of medical development of a university spin-out company (Sirius Genomics Inc) developing pharmacogenetic tests for use in the ICU.
As an NIHR Research Professor (2016-2022) he leads a multi-disciplinary team investigating the use of ‘omic techniques and artificial intelligence (AI) to improve outcomes in sepsis, with a particular focus on clinical trials and translational studies. He was the Chief Investigator of the VANISH clinical trial evaluating early vasopressin use (in combination with hydrocortisone) and the LeoPARDS trial evaluating levosimendan, both in septic shock.
He is the UK Chief Investigator for the REMAP-CAP clinical trial, which was the first trial to demonstrate that the immune modulating drugs, tocilizumab and sarilumab, saved lives from severe COVID-19. The Prime Minister announced this result from 10 Downing Street and Gordon is the first author of the published paper. This adaptive platform trial has reported on more than a dozen other interventions for severe COVID-19, including hydrocortisone, convalescent plasma, anti-virals, anti-platelet drugs, therapeutic heparin, ACE inhibitors and Angiotensin Receptor Blockers (ARBs), high-dose vitamin C and simvastatin. The trial has now been selected by the NIHR as the national platform trial to find the most effective treatments for people hospitalised with severe flu.
In March 2024 he was appointed as Programme Director of the National Research Collaboration Programme (NRCP). The NRCP is an NIHR / NHS England partnership that commissions high quality evidence for treatments where research can present particular challenges and might otherwise not progress.

## Honours

His contributions to clinical science have been recognised in appointment as a Fellow of the Academy of Medical Sciences (2022), an Honorary Member of the Intensive Care Society and NIHR Senior Investigator (2023). He was appointed as a Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE) in the 2024 Birthday Honours for services to Critical Care Medicine.
# Bocholtz

Bocholtz (Dutch:; Ripuarian: Bóches) is a town in the Dutch province of Limburg. It is a part of the municipality of Simpelveld, and lies about 7 km southwest of Kerkrade. Until 1982, it was a separate municipality.

## History

Bocholtz dates back to the Roman era. A Roman villa was found in the Vlengendaal, a street of Bocholtz, in 1911. A farmer plowing his land found a Roman sarcophagus in October 2003.

## Architecture and buildings
### Castle De Bongard

The Castle De Bongard dates from the 16th century. The current building only represents 1/4 of the original building. The rest was destroyed during the invasion by the French during the Napoleonic Wars.

### Hoeve Overhuizen

Hoeve Overhuizen is a fortified farm with roots dating back as far as the 13th century.
In 2015, Rabobank moved in after redecorating the interior of the building to make it their regional headquarters.

### Church

The James the Greater Church was built between 1869 and 1873 by architect Pierre Cuypers. Construction workers expanding the church in 1953 found the remains of a building from the late medieval period on the same site. The patron saint of the church is St. James, son of Zebedee.

## Regional language

Bocholtz is part of the Netherlands and therefore the official language is Dutch. Many people also speak Bocholtzer, a Southeast Limburgish dialect that is linguistically Ripuarian but commonly perceived as a Limburgish dialect.

## Gallery

* Castle De Bongard, Bocholtz
* Bocholtz in winter
* Location of the Roman villa Vlengendaal
* Former town hall
# Pestov

Pestov (Russian: Пестов) is a Russian masculine surname, its feminine counterpart is Pestova. It may refer to
* Daniela Peštová (born 1970), Czech model
* Eva Peštová (born 1952), Czech ice dancer
* Marina Pestova (born 1964), Russian pair skater
# Raymond L. Schrock

Raymond L. Schrock (February 2, 1892 – December 12, 1950) was an American screenwriter. He worked on more than 150 films between 1915 and 1950. He was born in Goshen, Indiana, and died in Hollywood, California, from a heart attack.

## Partial filmography

* Judy Forgot (1915)
* The Gentle Art of Burglary (1916)
* The Man Inside (1916)
* The Sphinx (1916)
* Never Say Quit (1919)
* Help! Help! Police! (1919)
* The Winning Stroke (1919)
* Burn 'Em Up Barnes (1921)
* The Long Chance (1922)
* I Am the Law (1922)
* A Woman's Woman (1922)
* Confidence (1922)
* Bavu (1923)
* The Clean Up (1923)
* Kindled Courage (1923)
* Little Johnny Jones (1923)
* The Gentleman from America (1923)
* Shootin' for Love (1923)
* McGuire of the Mounted (1923)
* Out of Luck (1923)
* The Acquittal (1923)
* The Thrill Chaser (1923)
* The Darling of New York (1923)
* Hook and Ladder (1924)
* Ride for Your Life (1924)
* Ridgeway of Montana (1924)
* K – The Unknown (1924)
* The Dancing Cheat (1924)
* Jack O'Clubs (1924)
* Wine (1924)
* The Hurricane Kid (1925)
* The Taming of the West (1925)
* The Saddle Hawk (1925)
* The Calgary Stampede (1925)
* The Phantom of the Opera (1925)
* Private Izzy Murphy (1926)
* Burning the Wind (1928)
* The Duke Steps Out (1929)
* Shipmates (1931)
* Hell Below (1933)
* Sitting on the Moon (1936)
* Devil's Island (1939)
* Secret Service of the Air (1939)
* Kid Nightingale (1939)
* The Hidden Hand (1942)
* Wild Bill Hickok Rides (1942)
* Escape from Crime (1942)
* The Last Ride (1944)
* Gas House Kids (1946)
* I Ring Doorbells (1946)
* Daughter of the West (1949)
* Prisoners in Petticoats (1950)
# Jahangir Quli Beg

Lālah Beg (Persian: لاله بیگ), better known as Jahāngīr Qulī Beg and later as Jahāngīr Qulī Khān (Persian: جهانگیر قلي خان), was the Subahdar (governor) of Bihar from 1605 to 1607 and the subahdar of Bengal between 1607 and 1608, during the reign of Mughal emperor Jahangir.

## Early life

Beg was born into a family of Muslim Persianate Turks. His father, Nizam, served as a librarian for the Mughal emperor Humayun.

## Career

At a young age, Beg became the personal servant of Mirza Muhammad Hakim, the second son of emperor Humayun. He then served under Prince Salim (later known as Emperor Jahangir) during the reign of emperor Akbar. From then on, Lalah became known as Jahangir Quli (Jahangir's coolie/servant) and was also given the title of Baz Bahadur. His title was also later upgraded from Baig to Khan, thus becoming known as Jahangir Quli Khan.$^{:308}$
Beg rose through the ranks, from becoming a mansabdar of 1500 to that of 4000 horses as well as the Governor of Bihar, within a month of Jahangir's accession to the throne. Following the death of Qutubuddin Koka, Beg was appointed as the next Subahdar of Bengal and became a mansabdar of 5000 personal and horse.

## Death and legacy

Being already in his advanced age, he suffered from illness due to the climate of the Bengal province. Consequently, he died within a year of his office. The thanadars (locality officers) that Beg had appointed in Orissa subsequently returned to Akbarnagar, leaving the Governor of Orissa Hashim Khan (son of Qasim Khan Chishti) on his own for a while. These officers were later ordered to return to Orissa during the office of Subahdar Islam Khan I, and all returned on time except Raja Kalyan (son of Todar Mal).$^{:10}$
| Preceded byQutubuddin Koka | Subahdar of Bengal 1607–1608 | Succeeded byIslam Khan I |
# Shekarlui

Shekarlui (Persian: شكرلوي), also rendered as Shekarlu or Shokorlu, may refer to:
# Castle Varrich

Castle Varrich (Scottish Gaelic: Caisteal Bharraich) is a castle in the far north of the Scottish Highlands, near the village of Tongue. The castle is on a local high point of rock, overlooking both the Kyle of Tongue and the village of Tongue. The castle's precise origins and age are unknown.
The ancient seat of the chief of the Clan Mackay was at Castle Varrich, thought to be over one thousand years old; there are believed to be caves under the castle which were once inhabited by the Mackays. It is believed that the Mackays may have built their castle on the site in the 14th century, on top of an existing old Norse fort.
The walls are generally 1.4 metres (5 ft) thick, or thicker, and have been built from roughly squared blocks of metamorphosed sandstone rock of varying thickness, laid in rough courses of random depth. The stones seem to have been laid without the use of mortar, and have suffered little from weathering, considering that the building may be 1000 years old, and considering the local weather. From places where parts of the walls have fallen away it appears that the construction seen on the wall faces is consistent throughout their thickness; as distinct from the type of walling where the faces have been constructed in a tidy fashion, but between them is a core of rubble.
The castle had two floors plus an attic. The ground floor may have been used as stables; it was entered through an existing door on the north wall. There were no stairs between the two floors, suggesting that the ground floor was for horses or cattle. The upper floor entrance was on the south side and would most likely have been accessed by a ladder or removable stair. There was a window in the east wall and a fireplace in the west, but both have now collapsed past recognition. Later the clan chief's seat moved to Tongue House. There is a marked footpath from Tongue to Varrich Castle.
Varrich Castle has views of mountains Ben Loyal and Ben Hope.
The castle was updated in 2017 to make it more accessible with a galvanised steel spiral staircase and viewing platform inside allowing visitors a higher viewpoint over the Kyle of Tongue.
# Taman Bunga Merdeka

Taman Bunga Merdeka (literally meaning Independent Flower Park) originally known as the Coronation Park is a public park in Malacca City, Malacca, Malaysia. Located along Jalan Kota and facing the People's Museum and other museums, it is one of few parks in the city center. It was built by the British in 1953 and named to memorialise the coronation of Queen Elizabeth II, when the park still fronted on the sea (landfill has removed its seafront since then). The park is part of a UNESCO World Heritage-recognized historic district, the Historic Cities of the Straits of Malacca listing.

## Attractions

The park includes the "Transportation area" of the People's Museum, which was established in collaboration with Malayan Railway, the Royal Malaysian Air Force and the West Malaysia Department of Civil Aviation. It contains a number of historic transportation artifacts, such as:
* a propeller-driven Scottish Aviation Twin Pioneer CC Mk 1 aircraft, the "Lang Rajawali", which was the first aircraft acquired by the Royal Malayan Airforce after it was founded in 1962,
* a diesel locomotive named Sungai Lukut 21111, which was built in Japan in 1965, and an accompanying vintage railway carriage,
* a vintage yellow fire engine,
* replica bullock cart.
The park includes foundation stones of a Portuguese- and Dutch-built bastion in the city walls of Malacca, which was eventually demolished by the British. It also includes the Sungei Ujong War Memorial.
The term "Melaka Transportation Museum" was also used for a museum that was opened in the outlying Ayer Keroh area of Melaka, in 2010, which was eventually closed; the outdoor transportation museum of the downtown park survives.

## Former museum of same name

The Transportation Museum (Malay: Muzium Pengangkutan) was a museum located separately, in a suburban part of Melaka.
The museum was opened on 15 April 2010 with a cost of MYR198,900. The museum exhibited various types of vehicles, ranging from cars, motorcycles, bicycles etc. The museum was opened daily except Monday, first day of Eid al-Fitr and Eid al-Adha.

## Gallery

* Sungai Lukut, with People's Museum behind
* Lang Rajawali
* Plane undercarriage, with railway carriage beyond
# John Resby

John Resby was an English priest and supporter of John Wycliffe. He was executed by burning for heresy in Perth, Scotland, in 1407 or 1408, during the time when Henry Wardlaw was Bishop of St. Andrews. He is regarded as the first Protestant martyr in Scotland.

## Arrest and execution

In 1407 Resby was arrested in Perth for teaching Lollard heresies. The regent of Scotland, Robert Stewart, Duke of Albany, opposed Lollardy because of its communistic views, so he allowed the papal inquisitor Laurence of Lindores to deal with Resby as he wished. During his trial, Resby was accused of believing forty different heretical doctrines, including that the pope was not the vicar of Christ. After refuting Resby's opinions, Laurence turned him over to the secular authorities to be burned. Some of Resby's writings were secretly preserved by his followers and read down to the time of the Reformation.
# Ravana Falls

Ravana Falls (Sinhala: රාවණා ඇල්ල, romanized: Ravana Ella) is a popular sightseeing attraction in Uva province of Sri Lanka. It currently ranks as one of the widest falls in the country.

## Description

This waterfall measures approximately 25 m (82 ft) in height and cascades from an oval-shaped concave rock outcrop. During the local wet season, the waterfall turns into what is said to resemble an areca flower with withering petals. But this is not the case in the dry season, where the flow of water reduces dramatically. The falls form part of the Ravana Ella Wildlife Sanctuary, and are located 6 km (3.7 mi) away from the local railway station at Ella.

## Legend

The falls have been named after the legendary king Ravana, who is connected to the famous Indian epic, the Ramayana. According to legend, it is said that Ravana (who was the king of Lanka at the time) had kidnapped princess Sita, and had hidden her in the caves behind this waterfall, now simply known as the Ravana Ella Cave. The reason for the kidnapping is said to be exact revenge for slicing off the nose of his sister by Rama (husband of Sita) and his brother Laxmana. At the time, the cave was surrounded by thick forests in the midst of the wilderness. It is also believed that Rama's queen bathed in a pool that accumulated the water falling from this waterfall. They believed that Ravana has played the Ravanahatha over here.

## Ravana Ella cave

The Ravana Ella Cave lies at 1,370 m (4,490 ft) above sea level on the foundation of a cliff. The cave is a popular local tourist attraction, located 11 km (7 mi) away from Bandarawela. Excavations undertaken in the cave uncovered evidence of human habitation dating back to 25,000 years.
# IRIS Naghdi (82)

Naghdi (Persian: نقدی) is a Bayandor-class corvette of the Islamic Republic of Iran Navy serving in the Southern Fleet. Launched in 1963 and commissioned into the fleet in 1964, Naghdi was transferred to Iran by the United States under the Mutual Assistance Program.

## Service history

Naghdi and her sister ship Bayandor (81) arrived at The Ship Repair Facility in Guam on 10 April 1970 for an overhaul that took six months and costed Iran $1–1.5m. In the way home, the two made port calls to Subie Bay, Singapore, Colombo, Sri Lanka and Cochin, India. An alleged dump of 50,000 gallons of fuel in the sea by the ships prior to the repair stirred a local controversy. The two undergone another major repair in the same base in 1978.
During the Iran–Iraq War (1980–1988), her home port was in Bushehr Naval Base along with her three sister ships.
Naghdi, her sister Bayandor and the amphibious ship Tonb (513) of the 50th naval group decked at Colombo, Sri Lanka and Mumbai, India during a multi-purpose anti-piracy, flag and training mission that started on 30 January 2018 and ended on 17 March 2018.