OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Text normalization

Text normalization is the process of transforming text into a single canonical form that it might not have had before. Normalizing text before storing or processing it allows for separation of concerns, since input is guaranteed to be consistent before operations are performed on it. Text normalization requires being aware of what type of text is to be normalized and how it is to be processed afterwards; there is no all-purpose normalization procedure.

## Applications

Text normalization is frequently used when converting text to speech. Numbers, dates, acronyms, and abbreviations are non-standard "words" that need to be pronounced differently depending on context. For example:
* "$200" would be pronounced as "two hundred dollars" in English, but as "lua selau tālā" in Samoan.
* "vi" could be pronounced as "vie," "vee," or "the sixth" depending on the surrounding words.
Text can also be normalized for storing and searching in a database. For instance, if a search for "resume" is to match the word "résumé," then the text would be normalized by removing diacritical marks; and if "john" is to match "John", the text would be converted to a single case. To prepare text for searching, it might also be stemmed (e.g. converting "flew" and "flying" both into "fly"), canonicalized (e.g. consistently using American or British English spelling), or have stop words removed.

## Techniques

For simple, context-independent normalization, such as removing non-alphanumeric characters or diacritical marks, regular expressions would suffice. For example, the sed script sed ‑e "s/\s+/ /g" inputfile would normalize runs of whitespace characters into a single space. More complex normalization requires correspondingly complicated algorithms, including domain knowledge of the language and vocabulary being normalized. Among other approaches, text normalization has been modeled as a problem of tokenizing and tagging streams of text and as a special case of machine translation.

## Textual scholarship

In the field of textual scholarship and the editing of historic texts, the term "normalization" implies a degree of modernization and standardization – for example in the extension of scribal abbreviations and the transliteration of the archaic glyphs typically found in manuscript and early printed sources. A normalized edition is therefore distinguished from a diplomatic edition (or semi-diplomatic edition), in which some attempt is made to preserve these features. The aim is to strike an appropriate balance between, on the one hand, rigorous fidelity to the source text (including, for example, the preservation of enigmatic and ambiguous elements); and, on the other, producing a new text that will be comprehensible and accessible to the modern reader. The extent of normalization is therefore at the discretion of the editor, and will vary. Some editors, for example, choose to modernize archaic spellings and punctuation, but others do not.
# Wesley Gilbert

Wesley Gilbert (born 22 October 1977) is a retired Zimbabwean football defender.
# Actors' Laboratory Theatre

The Actors' Laboratory Theatre was a politically active theatre company and acting school founded in January 1941 by Roman Bohnen, Jules Dassin, Dick Flake, Lloyd Bridges, Danny Mann, Jeff Corey, Mary Virginia Farmer and J. Edward Bromberg. During the Second World War, the Actors' Lab made multiple performances for servicemen, in association with the Hollywood Victory Committee.
The Actors' Lab was originally above Sharkey's Bar at the corner of Franklin and Bronson Avenues in Hollywood. In 1943, the theatre moved to 1455 North Laurel Avenue, Hollywood, California.
The Actors' Lab brought the ideas and acting techniques of New York's Group Theatre to California, and "prided itself on having opened its doors to students of all races." Hedda Hopper criticized the group for this opposition to racial segregation. The Actors' Lab was eventually denounced as a communist organization, and some of its existing members and former members, including Jules Dassin, Lloyd Bridges and Morris Carnovsky, were blacklisted.
Owing to the accusations of communism, the Actors' Lab lost its sources of financial support. Bohnen and other principals of the theater were called before a California Senate committee and declined to disclose if they were Communists. The U.S. Internal Revenue Service subsequently withdrew the group's tax exempt status, and the Veterans Administration cancelled its contracts with the group. Bohnen, considered the group's driving force in its final days, died of a heart attack during an Actors' Lab performance, and his death was partly attributed to the Lab's difficulties. The theatre was closed in February 1950.

## Notable members and students

* Roman Bohnen
* Phoebe Brand
* Morris Carnovsky
* Lee J. Cobb
* Jeff Corey
* Hume Cronyn
* Dorothy Dandridge
* Howard Da Silva
* Paul Lambert
* Marc Lawrence
* John Howard Lawson
* Bobby Lewis
* Russell Johnson
* Fay Kanin
* Aline MacMahon
* Marilyn Monroe
* Audie Murphy
* Ruth Nelson
* William Phipps (actor)
* Art Smith
* Mary Tarcai
* Herman Volz
* Frances E. Williams
# Stars in Shadow

Stars in Shadow is a turn-based, 4X science-fiction computer strategy game developed by Ashdar Games and published by Iceberg Interactive for Windows PC in 2017.

## Premise

Stars in Shadow is set in a galaxy which suffered from a grand-scale war between many civilizations and alien races, the so-called 'Great War'. Before the Great War the galaxy enjoyed a golden age, but the Great War ended this period of prosperity. Three thousand years later, the galaxy is currently in the progress of rebuilding.

## Gameplay

In Stars in Shadow you can play as one of seven factions. The factions consists of humans and six alien races: the Phidi, Orthin, Yoral, Ashdar and the Gremak. The goal of the game is to "explore the galaxy, rediscover and colonize distant worlds, and build an interstellar empire". Players also engage in turn-based fleet combat, a core mechanic.
The 'Legacies' DLC adds an eighth playable faction, the Tinkers.

## Development

Stars in Shadow was developed by Ashdar Games, a small studio consisting of programmer Sven Olsen and artist Jim Francis. Francis is responsible for the game's comic book art style. He is also known as the author and artist of the full-color web-based science fiction comic “Outsider”. In an interview with GameStar, Olsen named Master of Orion 2 as his main inspiration for the game.
The game went in Early Access in September 2016. IndieGames.com noted its style as "being probably its most striking element." PC Gamer reviewed the game when it entered Early Access and made note of the diversity of its playable races and the space combat gameplay, but reviewer T.J. Hafer stated that it was too early to tell if the "will soar above the clouds and become a respected peer in the space 4X renaissance."
Stars in Shadow left Early Access in January 2017, with Forbes' Erik Kain comparing its art style to Master of Orion. Logan Booker of Kotaku Australia also compared the look of the game to Master of Orion and to Star Control.
In August 2017 a DLC called 'Legacies' was announced. Stars in Shadow: Legacies adds a new faction called the Tinkers, bringing the number of playable alien races from six to seven. Originally slated for a September 2017 release date, the DLC was moved to October 2017. According to the developer, this was done "to release a DLC that meets your expectations (and our own)". The Legacies DLC was released on October 19, 2017.

## Reception

Stars in Shadow received a positive reception from press. The game currently holds a 75 metascore on Metacritic. Tom Chick of Quarter to Three reviewed the game with four out of five stars, praising its ability to focus on the most important aspects of 4X games. WCCFTech praised the game for its art style and "outstanding turn-based tactics in ship battles", but noticed the lack of an in-depth story. Hooked Gamers also praised the turn-based combat and its depth. Overpowered Noobs noted that the game is perfect for novices to the 4X genre.
# Alfonso de Angoitia

Alfonso de Angoitia Noriega is co-CEO of Grupo Televisa, S.A., one of the main cable TV operators in Mexico (Izzi Telecom), the leading satellite pay television system in the country (Sky México), and the leading media company in the Spanish-speaking world.

## Board memberships

Angoitia has been on the Board of Televisa and Member of the Executive Committee since April 1997. Mr. de Angoitia is a member of the Board of Directors of various companies including Univision, Grupo Financiero Banorte, Fomento Economico Mexicano (FEMSA), and Liberty Latin America.

## Career

Before taking over as co-CEO, Angoitia was Executive VP (2003-2017) and was Chief Financial Officer (1999-2003) . Prior to joining Grupo Televisa, S.A., he worked at White & Case LLP in New York City, and then co-founded Mijares, Angoitia, Cortés y Fuentes, S.C., one of Mexico’s leading law firms. Angoitia was the personal attorney of Emilio Azcárraga, the current Chairman of Grupo Televisa; after the death of Azcárraga's father, Emilio Azcárraga Milmo, Angoitia worked together with Emilio Azcárraga to financially and legally restructure the company and regain operating control.
Mr. Angoitia is considered Televisa's financial mastermind and a key ally of owner Emilio Azcárraga Jean. He was instrumental in putting together a months in the making, $1.2 billion deal between Univision and Televisa, which greatly improved Televisa’s access to the coveted US Hispanic market in the United States.
Mr. de Angoitia's vision has been key to the Company's diversification, strategic positioning, profitability, and financial strength. As co-CEO, he has the shared responsibility of leading the transformation and repositioning of the Company's content business.
Alfonso de Angoitia is a regular annual attendee of the Allen & Company Sun Valley Conference media summit in Idaho, an annual conference hosted by private investment firm Allen & Company which typically features business, political, philanthropic and cultural heavyweights.

## Philanthropy

Mr. de Angoitia is Chairman of the Board of Trustees of Fundación Kardias, a Mexican non-for profit organization dedicated to improving the quality of care for children who suffer from congenital heart defects. In addition, Mr. de Angoitia is a member of the Board of the Mexican Foundation for Health and of the UNAM Foundation, and a member of the Board of Trustees of the Paley Center for Media.
# Ministry of Finance (Bashkortostan)

The Ministry of Finance is a Cabinet department in the Executive branch of the Republic of Bashkortostan government. The head of the Ministry is the Minister of Finance, who was Rida Tagirovna Subkhankulova as of 2016.
# The G.G. Shinobi II: The Silent Fury

The G.G. Shinobi II: The Silent Fury (ザ・GG忍 II) is a 1992 side-scrolling action game developed and published by Sega for the Game Gear. It is the sequel to The G.G. Shinobi, an offshoot of the Shinobi series created for Sega's portable platform. The player controls Joe Musashi as he rendezvous with his ninja allies from the previous game, giving the player access to different characters with unique abilities as the game progresses.
The G.G. Shinobi II: The Silent Fury has received positive reviews, with common praise going towards the games improved level design, mechanics and difficulty compared to its predecessor.

## Plot

The evil Techno-Warriors have enlisted the Black Ninja, master of ninja techniques, to help them take over Neo City. This evil syndicate has captured the four elemental crystals and their guardian ninja. Joe Musashi has to rescue the four fellow ninja and retrieve their corresponding Elemental Crystals, before the final showdown against the evil Black Ninja in his castle.

## Gameplay

The player begins the game as Joe Musashi (the Red Ninja), whose mission is to retrieve five elemental crystals that were stolen by the enemy and spread across different locations. Similarly to the original G.G. Shinobi, the first four stages can be played in any order and after defeating the boss of each stage, Musashi will be joined by one of his allies, allowing the player to control them as well. Some of the ninjas' abilities are different from those in the previous game. Depending on the stage, the player must use a specific ninja's ability in order to reach the location of the crystal. As a result, some of the stages must be played more than once if the player does not have the necessary character yet. When the first four crystals are all gathered, the player gains access to the enemy's main base, where the fifth crystal is being held by the final boss.
Each ninja has a particular skill set that includes a unique weapon, special ability, and ninja magic. Each of these skills can be used to destroy enemies, access secret areas, and obtain hidden health power-ups.

## Reception

The G.G. Shinobi II: The Silent Fury was very well received by game critics. Power Unlimited gave the game a score of 82% writing: "Shinobi II: The Silent Fury is ideally suited for the Game Gear. The image is clear, the game is challenging, and you can continue playing later through a password system. It is a pity that your only movements are jumping and chopping." In 2011, Complex.com ranked it as the 18th greatest handheld game of all time, adding "it was definitely one of the reasons we were Sega fanboys/fangirls back in the day. Why get a Game Boy when you could get THIS?" Retro Gamer included this "more balanced" sequel to the first G.G. Shinobi on their list of top ten Game Gear games for its "far tighter level design, faster flowing action and greatly improved gameplay mechanics".
# White Night (video game)

White Night is a 2015 survival horror puzzle video game developed by French indie studio OSome Studio, and published by Activision. On 3 March 2015, it was released on Linux, OS X and Windows, and was later released on Xbox One on 6 March 2015.

## Development

White Night started in 2010, when its lead developer was working on a remake of Alone in the Dark. During this time, he became interested with the idea of putting black and white into a survival horror game. The team built the engine from scratch and found it gratifying to see it play out on various consoles. They enjoyed working with Activision, and appreciated the resources that partnership came with, for instance them showing the game off to the media. They had free rein in their creative decision, and while Activision offered tips on where to improve; money was no issue.

## Design and gameplay

The game has a monochromatic graphical style. Its slow jazz piano soundscape is reminiscent of classic noir thrillers. The narrative is told to the player via "voice-over, on-screen text, and journal entries".

## Plot

The game takes place within Vesper Mansion, where the player aims to solve a mystery. After having a car crash, the 30-something-year-old protagonist finds himself stumbling into what appears at first glance to be an abandoned mansion.

## Reception

Aggregate score :
| Aggregator | Score |
| Metacritic | PC: 68/100 PS4: 67/100 XONE: 61/100 |
Review scores :
| Publication | Score |
| Adventure Gamers | |
| Computer Games Magazine | 8/10 |
| Destructoid | 7.5/10 |
| Game Informer | 7.5/10 |
| GameSpot | 6/10 |
| IGN | 5.0/10 |
| Nintendo Life | |
| PC Gamer (US) | 50/100 |
| Push Square | |
| VideoGamer.com | 6/10 |
IGN praised the title's atmospheric and eerie atmosphere, though felt the aesthetic design compromised the title's exploration and puzzle-solving. Destructoid felt that the game falsely advertises itself as a "traditional survival experience of limited resources against considerable odds", whereas it just takes some gameplay elements of survival titles while centering on exploration mechanics. GameSpot made comparisons to Resident Evil due to its fixed camera angles.
# Cop Out (soundtrack)

Cop Out: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack is the soundtrack to the 2010 action comedy film of the same name directed by Kevin Smith, starring Bruce Willis and Tracy Morgan. The film's original score is composed by Harold Faltermeyer which was released by WaterTower Music on February 23, 2010. The album also featured the song "Soul Brothers" by Patti LaBelle.

## Development

Smith has been a fan of Faltermeyer's works, who had a clear vision of how the score should sound. Hence, he used most of his scores as temp tracks while editing the film. Faltermeyer described it as both a composer's dream and nightmare in one way or the other, hence did not want to revisit the temp tracks before he is set to score the film. Initially, the executives at Warner Bros. were quite nervous of a vintage sound resembling the 1980s but Faltermeyer eventually zeroed on a style that was "an homage to the '80s combined with a more modern sound". He further designed the score in a way that is rhythm and blues and hip-hop oriented to capture the urban feel of Brooklyn. American musician Sam i worked on contributing loops and sound setting for the film score. The album also featured an original song "Soul Brothers" performed by Patti Labelle.

## Critical reception

Brent Simon of Screen Daily wrote "Harold Faltermeyer's funky, synth-laden score conjures up very specific memories of Beverly Hills Cop's theme song, which, along with self-consciously evocative music choices, give the movie a decidedly nostalgic, '80s-leaning feel." Tony Horkins of GamesRadar+ called it as "kitsch". Chris Bumbray of JoBlo.com wrote "The score is the most memorable thing about the movie, and they even managed to work in the theme song from Fletch, which was one of the few things about the film to put a smile on my face." Ron Hogan of Den of Geek wrote "Even the soundtrack is 80s cop movie, due to the score work of Harold Faltermeyer".
# Movement for Social Humanism

The Movement for Social Humanism (Bulgarian: Движение за социален хуманизъм, romanized: Dvizhenie za sotsialen humanizam) is a progressive political party in Bulgaria formed in 2003. It is part of the Coalition for Bulgaria, an alliance led by the Bulgarian Socialist Party. The coalition won in the 2001 elections 17.1% of the popular vote and 48 out of 240 seats.
As of 2024, the chairman of the party is Tsvetan Minyovski.
# Yums: The Mixtape

Yums: The Mixtape is a mixtape by Guelo Star. It was released on April 11, 2012. It features De La Ghetto, Khriz, MC Ceja and Polaco.
# Department of Finance (New Brunswick)

The Department of Finance is a part of the Government of New Brunswick. It is charged with New Brunswick's budgetary and tax policy and headed by the finance minister.
The department, or a minister responsible for this area, has existed in one form or another since the creation of New Brunswick as a crown colony in 1784. It has been called Provincial Treasurer and Provincial Secretary-Treasurer in the past.

## Ministers since the establishment of parties in 1935

| Minister | Term | Administration |
| Clovis T. Richard | July 16, 1935 – January 10, 1940 | under Allison Dysart |
| J. J. Hayes Doone | January 10, 1940 – March 13, 1940 | under Allison Dysart |
| J. J. Hayes Doone | March 13, 1940 – August 10, 1949 | under John B. McNair |
| Joseph Gaspard Boucher | August 10, 1949 – October 8, 1952 | under John B. McNair |
| Donald D. Patterson | October 8, 1952 – July 12, 1960 | under Hugh John Flemming |
| Lestock G. Desbrisay | July 12, 1960 – November 12, 1970 | under Louis Robichaud |
| Jean-Maurice Simard | November 12, 1970 – November 18, 1974 | under Richard Hatfield |
| A. Edison Stairs | December 3, 1974 – December 20, 1976 | under Richard Hatfield |
| Lawrence Garvie | December 20, 1976 – November 1, 1977 | under Richard Hatfield |
| Fernand G. Dubé | February 2, 1978 – October 30, 1982 | under Richard Hatfield |
| John B. M. Baxter, Jr. | October 30, 1982 – October 27, 1987 | under Richard Hatfield |
| Allan E. Maher | October 27, 1987 – September 26, 1995 | under Frank McKenna |
| Edmond Blanchard | September 26, 1995 – October 13, 1997 | under Frank McKenna |
| Edmond Blanchard | October 13, 1997 – May 14, 1998 | under Ray Frenette |
| Edmond Blanchard | May 14, 1998 – June 21, 1999 | under Camille Thériault |
| Norman Betts | June 21, 1999 – October 9, 2001 | under Bernard Lord |
| Peter Mesheau | October 9, 2001 – June 27, 2003 | under Bernard Lord |
| Jeannot Volpé | June 27, 2003 – October 3, 2006 | under Bernard Lord |
| Victor Boudreau | October 3, 2006 – July, 2009 | under Shawn Graham |
| Greg Byrne | June 22, 2009 – October 12, 2010 | under Shawn Graham |
| Blaine Higgs | October 12, 2010 — October 7, 2014 | under David Alward |
| Roger Melanson | October 7, 2014 — June 6, 2016 | under Brian Gallant |
| Cathy Rogers | June 6, 2016 — November 8, 2018 | under Brian Gallant |
| Ernie Steeves | November 9, 2018 - present | under Blaine Higgs |
# The Road of Ambition

The Road of Ambition is a 1920 American silent drama film directed by William P.S. Earle and starring Conway Tearle, Florence Dixon and Gladden James.

## Cast

* Conway Tearle as Bill Matthews
* Florence Dixon as Daphne Van Steer
* Gladden James as Philip Colt
* Florence Billings as May Larrabee
* Arthur Housman as Monty Newcomb
* Tom Brooke as Mr. Benson
* Tom McGuire as Old Mack
* Adolph Milar as Ole Olson
# 2013 IPC Athletics World Championships – Women's 800 metres

The women's 800 metres at the 2013 IPC Athletics World Championships was held at the Stade du Rhône from 20–29 July.

## Medalists

| Class | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| T11 | Annalisa Minetti Italy | Maritza Arango Buitrago Colombia | Miroslava Sedlackova Czech Republic |
| T52 | Michelle Stilwell Canada | Kerry Morgan United States | Cassie Mitchell United States |
| T53 | Zhou Hongzhuan China | Angela Ballard Australia | Madison de Rozario Australia |
| T54 | Tatyana McFadden United States | Manuela Schaer Switzerland | Edith Wolf Switzerland |
# Shi Kang

Shi Kang (石康) is a modern Chinese writer born in 1968 in Beijing. His novel "晃晃悠悠"(Loafing Around) received critical acclaim in China and was turned into a play in 2005. His novel, "奋斗" (Struggle), was adapted into the 2007 TV show Struggle. He co-wrote Big Shot's Funeral in 2002.
He graduated with a degree in computer science from National Southwestern Associated University and earned a graduate degree in economics.
His novels have not yet been translated into English.

## Works

* "支离破碎" (Torn to Pieces)
* "晃晃悠悠" (Loafing Around)
* "一塌糊涂" (Completely Muddled)
* "在一起"
* "心碎你好"
* "北京姑娘"
* "鸡一嘴鸭一嘴"
* "激情与迷茫"
* "过山车""
* "口吐莲花"
# Mukesh Choudhary (politician)

Mukesh Choudhary is an Indian politician and a member of the 18th Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh, representing the Nakur Assembly constituency of Uttar Pradesh. He is a member of the Bharatiya Janata Party.

## Early life and education

Mukesh Choudhary was born to a Hindu Gujjar family on 15 March 1967 in Saharanpur, Uttar Pradesh, in the family of Kirpal Singh Choudhary. Mukesh grew up in Saharanpur and graduated in Agriculture from Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut.

## Political career

In the 2022 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election, Choudhary represented Bharatiya Janata Party as a candidate from the Nakur Assembly constituency and defeated Dharam Singh Saini of the Samajwadi Party by a margin of 155 votes.

## Posts held

| # | From | To | Position | Comments |
| 01 | 2022 | Incumbent | Member, 18th Legislative Assembly | |
# Wakool (disambiguation)

Wakool is a town in New South Wales, Australia
Wakool may also refer to:
* Wakool County, a cadastral divisions of New South Wales
* Wakool River, an anabranch of the Edward River in the western Riverina region of south western New South Wales, Australia
* Wakool Shire, formerly a local government area in the Riverina region of New South Wales, Australia
* SS Wakool, a Blue Anchor Line ship that entered service in 1898