OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Pixy Stix

Pixy Stix are a sweet and sour colored powdered candy usually packaged in a wrapper that resembles a drinking straw.
The candy is lightly poured into the mouth from the wrapper, which is made out of either plastic or paper. Pixy Stix contain dextrose, citric acid, and artificial and natural flavors.

## History

Pixy Stix were invented by the Sunline Inc. in St. Louis, Missouri. The concept for this powdered candy originated in 1942 and was derived from a penny drink mix sold as Fruzola Jr. by the Fruzola Company in Salt Lake City, Utah. When J. Fish Smith found that children were eating the sweet and sour powder straight from the package, he modified the formula and branded it as Lik-M-Aid.
An affiliated company, Fruzola Company of St. Louis, which later became Sunline, Inc., was founded in 1952 by Menlo F. Smith to manufacture and market Lik-M-Aid nationwide. In 1959, the product was packaged in color-striped straws and introduced as Pixy Stix. Several years later, Lik-M-Aid was modified with a multi-compartment package containing two flavors and a candy stick used to dip the candy out of the package, thereby dubbed Fun Dip. Pixy Stix are currently manufactured by Ferrara Candy Company, a division of Ferrero SpA.
In 2011, Pixy Stix was one of the candies considered a health threat by a Grand Rapids middle school, and was banned out of concern that children could use the candy to learn the habit of using illicit drugs. Inhaling the powdery candy also could increase the risk of upper sinus and upper respiratory system infections.

## Flavors

* Grape Escape
* Maui Slap/Punch (Blue Raspberry)
* Orange
* Cherry
* Strawberry
* Cucumber Watermelon
* Mango Lime
* Pineapple Monkey
* Tangerine Twist
# Slab gap hypothesis

In geology, the slab gap hypothesis is one of the explanations put forward to explain several instances of crustal extension that occur inland near former subduction zones.
Standard plate tectonic theory holds that once a trench is closed by an overriding plate reaching a rift/spreading center, the plate that has just been fully consumed continues to descend beneath the overriding plate for some time, transmitting compressive pressures to the overriding plate above as well as occasional volcanism. Meanwhile, the descending plate leaves behind it a "window" of inactivity. In this view, there is no mantle upwelling, so once the crustal rift is overridden, the only residual effects are from the remnant descending plate slab. However, actual observations of the crust in western North America where the Farallon plate's trench and rift was snuffed out millions of years ago by the westward movement of the North American plate, and replaced by the San Andreas Fault, show not compression inland, but extension. This is most evident in the Great Basin where the continental crust and lithosphere as a whole is becoming increasingly thin. The crust here is also warming from below.
The slab gap hypothesis proposes that instead of a "window", the descending slab leaves behind a "gap" through which the asthenospheric mantle of the former spreading zone continues to act beneath the overriding plate. This hypothesis then assumes that a crustal spreading zone is also underpinned by a corresponding asthenospheric mantle spreading zone or upwelling of warmer material. The gap is created because instead of the old subducted plate continuing to sink, it quickly melts, allowing the asthenospheric upwelling zone to act directly on the underside of the overriding plate, heating it and causing it to spread apart. The fast melt is because the portion of the subducted plate nearest the spreading zone is thin and still warm from its recent creation.
The slab gap hypothesis goes on to state that the upwelling can form very deep cracks, which in turn lets very fluid basalt lava quickly spread over the land surface forming shield volcanoes and vast volcanic plains called "flood basalts". If, however, the extension is spread over a very large area then these flood basalt events may not occur.
This idea has been used to explain the extension and very large flood basalts that occurred in what is now southern Washington, Oregon and northern California about 17 million years ago (see Columbia River Plateau). Slab gap has also been used to help explain the earlier creation of the Basin and Range Province.
# Antonio Cetti

Antonio Cetti (Italian pronunciation:; 1 February 1900 – 10 June 1980) was an Italian footballer who played as a midfielder.

## Career

Born and raised in Municipality of Como, Cetti (also known as Cetti II, to distinguish him from his brother and Como teammate Franceso Cetti, known as Cetti I) spent his entire football career at Como, where he played for over twenty years.
He still holds the record for goals scored in competitive matches for Como with 91 goals. In terms of appearances for the Como team, he is fourth in the all-time rankings, with 278 competitive games.
In 1938, he also served as head coach of Como which made him a player-coach for the club. After retiring as a player in 1941, he then became full-time coach of Como until 1944 before ending his career as coach of Cantù San Paolo.

## Honours
### Player

Como
* Seconda Divisione: 1924–25
* Prima Divisione: 1930–31
# Żdżary, Radom County

Żdżary is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Pionki, within Radom County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately 6 kilometres (4 mi) south-west of Pionki, 17 km (11 mi) east of Radom, and 90 km (56 mi) south of Warsaw.
# Der Ort des Terrors

Der Ort des Terrors. Geschichte der nationalsozialistischen Konzentrationslager ("The Place of Terror. History of the National Socialist Concentration Camps") is a nine-volume German encyclopedia series of Nazi Germany's camp system, published between 2005 and 2009 by Wolfgang Benz and Barbara Distel for C. H. Beck. It was edited by Angelika Königseder of the Zentrum für Antisemitismusforschung. The first volume deals with central issues concerning the Nazi camp system, volumes 2 to 7 contain articles on the main concentration camps and their subcamps in chronological order. Volume 8 deals with concentration and extermination camps in German-occupied Eastern Europe. Volume 9 also lists other types of camps in the Nazi forced labor camp system.

## Volumes

* Die Organisation des Terrors. 2005. ISBN 3-406-52961-5.
* Frühe Lager, Dachau, Emslandlager. 2005. ISBN 3-406-52962-3.
* Sachsenhausen, Buchenwald. 2006. ISBN 3-406-52963-1.
* Flossenbürg, Mauthausen, Ravensbrück. 2006. ISBN 3-406-52964-X.
* Hinzert, Auschwitz, Neuengamme. 2007. ISBN 978-3-406-52965-8.
* Natzweiler, Groß-Rosen, Stutthof. 2007. ISBN 978-3-406-52966-5.
* Niederhagen/Wewelsburg, Lublin-Majdanek, Arbeitsdorf, Herzogenbusch (Vught), Bergen-Belsen, Mittelbau-Dora. 2008. ISBN 978-3-406-52967-2.
* Riga, Warschau, Vaivara, Kaunas, Płaszów, Kulmhof/Chełmno, Bełzec, Sobibór, Treblinka. 2008. ISBN 978-3-406-57237-1.
* Arbeitserziehungslager, Ghettos, Jugendschutzlager, Polizeihaftlager, Sonderlager, Zigeunerlager, Zwangsarbeiterlager. 2009. ISBN 978-3-406-57238-8.
# Batuhan Kırdaroğlu

Batuhan Kırdaroğlu (born 10 September 2000) is a Turkish professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Ankaraspor.

## Professional career

On 3 July 2019, Kırdaroğlu signed his first professional contract with Göztepe. Kırdaroğlu made his professional debut in a 0-0 Süper Lig tie with Çaykur Rizespor on 15 September 2019.
# Alan Soper

Alan Kenneth Soper (born 1951) FRS is an STFC Senior Fellow at the ISIS neutron source based at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory in Oxfordshire.

## Education

Soper was educated at The Campion School and the University of Leicester where he was awarded a Bachelor of Science degree in 1973 followed by a PhD in 1977 for research into the structure of aqueous solutions conducted at the Institut Laue–Langevin in Grenoble supervised by John Enderby.

## Career

Before moving to RAL in 1997, Soper was a postdoctoral researcher and assistant professor in the Physics Department at the University of Guelph, Ontario in Canada and a staff member at the Los Alamos National Laboratory at Los Alamos, New Mexico in the United States.

## Research

Soper's research investigates molecular-level structures in structurally disordered systems. Soper was chair of the prestigious Gordon Research Conference on Water and Aqueous Solutions in 2008 and is the co-designer of the Near and InterMediate Range Order Diffractometer (NIMROD) instrument on the ISIS neutron source.
Soper is a world expert in the structure of water and water-based solutions at the molecular level. Using experimental techniques such as neutron and X-ray diffraction, combined with computer simulation and structure refinement, Soper investigates the organisation and behaviour of water molecules, including their interaction with other molecules and surfaces. His work has relevance given the importance of water in the biochemical processes of living organisms.
He has characterised the structure of water under extreme conditions – as found miles down at the bottom of the ocean – and in heavily confined water such as occurs in nanoscopic mineral cavities. He has observed that this water is likely to be under significant tension – about −1000 atmospheres.

## Awards and honours

Soper was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS) in 2014. His nomination reads:
   Alan Soper is distinguished as the world leading experimentalist on the structure of water and aqueous solutions, and an internationally outstanding expert on the structure of liquids in general. Besides making major and seminal contributions to the study of water and other aqueous systems, including complex systems of high chemical and biological importance, he has been influential in studies of many other liquids and glasses, and has developed novel diffraction instruments and techniques that have revolutionised the field. He has also pioneered the wider use of computer simulation as a tool for building three-dimensional models of the disordered states of matter based on measured data.
Soper was made an ISIS neutron source senior research fellow in 2009.
# George Fiott Day

Captain George Fiott Day, VC, CB (20 June 1820 – 18 December 1876) was a Royal Navy officer and one of the earliest recipients of the Victoria Cross, the highest award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces. He was also a Knight of the Legion of Honour.

## Naval career

George Fiott Day was born in Southampton. He joined the Royal Navy as a First Class Volunteer in 1833. His first vessel sailed to the Pacific Ocean and was wrecked off the coast of Patagonia in 1835. After serving off the west coast of Africa, in 1838 he departed for six and a half years service in the Mediterranean Sea, taking part in the bombardment of St. John d'Acre on the Syrian coast in 1840. From 1845 to 1848, he served in Africa, before departing for the Cape of Good Hope and the coast of Brazil. During the hostilities between the Argentine Confederation and Buenos Aires, he patrolled the Rivers of Paraguay and the Río de la Plata. In 1854, he was sent to the Baltic Sea, and then back to the Mediterranean Fleet, and eventually to the Black Sea in 1855, where he won his Victoria Cross. He was 35 years old, and a lieutenant during the Crimean War:
   On 17 September 1855 at Genitichi, Crimea, Lieutenant Day of HMS Recruit was put ashore from a rowing boat to reconnoitre the bridge, batteries and enemy gun boats on the Arabat Spit. He went alone and after covering four or five miles of swampy ground, sometimes up to his thighs in water, he got to within 200 yards of the enemy position, where he found that the gun boats appeared to be under-manned and lightly defended. He returned to his ship convinced that a surprise attack was possible, but had to abandon this plan when he returned on 19 September and found the enemy on the alert and the gun boats fully manned.
In 1857, Day was again off the west coast of Africa, and in late 1858 he sailed for the China Station. He was placed on the Captain's retired list in February 1867, owing to ill health. He retired with the rank of captain.

## Personal life

In 1858, Day married Mary Ruddell-Todd, the daughter of James Ruddell-Todd, and his wife Eliza Henrietta Campbell, daughter of Duncan Campbell, 5th of Inverneill House. His wife's maternal grandfather was a brother of Sir James Campbell of Inverneill and a nephew of General Sir Archibald Campbell. Mrs Day was a first cousin of Emily Georgina Carter-Campbell of Possil and Willoughby Harcourt Carter. The Days were the parents of three daughters. Captain Day died at Weston-super-Mare, where he is buried. His grave in Milton Road Cemetery, Weston super Mare was unmarked until 1982 when a memorial headstone was installed.
# Toghon (son of Kublai)

Toghon (died 1301) was the ninth son of Kublai Khan, founder of the Yuan dynasty. He was a commander of the Mongol forces in the Mongol invasions of Vietnam.

## Biography

He was granted the title Prince of Zhennan (鎮南王, Mongolian: Жэнь Нань ван, Vietnamese: Trấn Nam vương "Prince of Suppressing the South") and moved his household to Ezhou in 1284.
In 1285, he led the Mongol armies sent to conquer Champa. He demanded from Đại Việt (now modern Vietnam) a route to Champa, which would trap the Champan army from both north and south, but it was rejected by retired emperor Trần Thánh Tông, who was the de facto ruler of Đại Việt. As a result, Toghon led an an invasion of Đại Việt under orders from Kublai Khan. At first he won several victories and captured Thăng Long, the capital of Đại Việt. Trần Thánh Tông had to offer princess An Tư to him to slow down the pace of the Mongol army. Later he ordered a withdrawal back to China, blaming the weather and diseas in Đại Việt. His forces were attacked and defeated by Trần Hưng Đạo during their retreat.
In 1287, he invaded Vietnam again. The Mongol navy was overwhelmed by Trần dynasty in Bạch Đằng river, and he retreated. This ashamed his father who no longer wished to see him again. He moved to Yangzhou in 1291, where he died 10 years later.

## Family

* Father: Kublai Khan
* Mother: Empress Bayaujin
* Wife: Unknown
* Concubine: An Tư from Annam
* Sons:
** Laozhang, Prince of Zhennan (鎮南王 老章; Луужан)
** Togh Bukha, Prince of Zhennan (鎮南王 脫不花, Тобуха)
** Könček Bukha, Prince of Weishun (威順王 寬徹普化; Хонжибуха)
** Temür Bukha, Prince of Huai (淮王 帖木兒不花; Төмөрбуха)
** Mangi, Prince of Wenji (文濟王 蠻子; Манзи)
** Budaširi, Prince of Xuande (宣德王 不答失里; Будшир)
# Communist Party of Sri Lanka (Marxist–Leninist)

The Communist Party of Sri Lanka (Marxist–Leninist) (abbreviated CPSL(M-L)) was a political party in Sri Lanka. The party originated in a split in the Ceylon Communist Party (Peking Wing) (CP(P)), as tension had risen between N. Shanmugathasan (who maintained opposition to the new United Front government) and Watson Fernando (who argued that the UF was a 'progressive force'). On September 22, 1972 the N. Shanmugathasan-led Central Committee of CP(P) declared Fernando and fellow CC members Ariyawansa Gunasekara and V.A. Kandasamy expelled. On November 12, 1972 Fernando's group declared itself as the CPSL(M-L).
Like the Communist Party (Peking Wing), the CPSL(M-L) sought to maintain contacts with the Chinese Communist Party. Notably, CPSL(M-L) retained support for official Chinese party line after the death of Mao Zedong and the ouster of the Gang of Four. On October 20, 1976 D.N. Nadunge, member of the Secretariat of the Central Committee of CPSL(M-L) sent a letter to the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party, congratulating Hua Guofeng on his appointment as new party chairman.

## Maoism in the party

The party strongly promoted Maoist ideology. After the death of Mao Zedong, the party continued to denounce the new Chinese ideology, though it still refused the join the Revolutionary Internationalist Movement.

## Strength of the party

The party would remain weak compared to Ceylon Communist Party (Maoist) but the party would gain favor among the communists as the "New Peking Wing" alongside the New-Democratic Marxist-Leninist Party. The party was heavily declined during the 87-89 Insurrections and went underground among many other Far-left parties in the country.
# Domaine musical

The Domaine musical was a concert society established by Pierre Boulez and Suzanne Tézenas in Paris, which was active from 1954 to 1973. Composers represented at its concerts included Boulez, Karlheinz Stockhausen, Olivier Messiaen, Luciano Berio, John Cage, Sylvano Bussotti, Mauricio Kagel, Hans Werner Henze, Henri Pousseur, Ernst Krenek, Gilbert Amy, Peter Schat and Gilles Tremblay, Betsy Jolas as well as earlier composers considered part of the Modernist movement in music. Its regular performers included the pianists Claude Helffer, Paul Jacobs, Yvonne Loriod and Marcelle Mercenier.
# Żebry-Wierzchlas

Żebry-Wierzchlas is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Olszewo-Borki, within Ostrołęka County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately 13 kilometres (8 mi) west of Ostrołęka and 96 km (60 mi) north of Warsaw.
# Bayram Olgun

Bayram Olgun (born 26 April 1990) is a Turkish professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for TFF Second League club Bucaspor 1928.

## Life and career

Olgun began his career by signing a youth contract with Ankaragücü in 2007. He was loaned to Bugsaş Spor on 20 January 2010, and made his professional debut against Pursaklarspor in a TFF Second League match on 25 April 2010.
# Mark Kavanagh

Mark Kavanagh (born 1997) is an Irish hurler who plays for Laois Senior Championship club Rathdowney–Errill and at inter-county level with the Laois senior hurling team. He usually lines out as a full-forward.

## Career statistics

    As of match played 7 July 2019.
| Team | Year | National League | National League | National League | McDonagh Cup | McDonagh Cup | Leinster | Leinster | All-Ireland | All-Ireland | Total | Total |
| Team | Year | Division | Apps | Score | Apps | Score | Apps | Score | Apps | Score | Apps | Score |
| Laois | 2016 | Division 1B | 2 | 0-01 | — | — | 0 | 0-00 | 1 | 0-01 | 3 | 0-02 |
| Laois | 2017 | Division 1B | 0 | 0-00 | — | — | 2 | 0-01 | 2 | 0-06 | 4 | 0-07 |
| Laois | 2018 | Division 1B | 6 | 0-58 | 4 | 0-01 | — | — | — | — | 10 | 0-59 |
| Laois | 2019 | Division 1B | 6 | 1-44 | 3 | 0-30 | — | — | 1 | 0-09 | 10 | 1-83 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 14 | 1-93 | 7 | 0-31 | 2 | 0-01 | 4 | 0-16 | 27 | 1-141 |

## Honours
### Rathdowney-Errill

* Laois Senior Hurling Championship (1): 2014
# Centre for Excellence in Teaching and Learning through Design

The Centre for Excellence in Teaching and Learning through Design (CETLD) is a higher education initiative that seeks to advance higher education through design.
CETLD was created in 2005, a Higher Education Funding Council for England (HEFCE)-funded partnership between the University of Brighton Faculty of Arts and Architecture, the Royal College of Art, the Royal Institute of British Architects and the Victoria & Albert Museum.
The centre was established as a five-year project, developed to enhance learning and teaching in design through research that brings together resources and expertise from Higher Education and collections-based partners.
Its objectives included the advance of understanding, practice-based learning, interdisciplinarity in design education, student voice and student-centred approaches to learning, use and application of collections.
The Centres for Excellence in Teaching and Learning respond to the British Department of Education and Science and the Department for Education and Employment visions for "purposefully linking learning institutions and providers--including universities, libraries, museums and galleries--in the development of a `learning society.'"
There are 74 British national Centres for Excellence in Teaching and Learning.
# Bizatch

Bizatch, also known as Boza, was a computer virus aimed at Microsoft Windows 95 operating system. It was the first virus found for Windows 95. The virus was created by Australian hacker group called VLAD, and it was launched in 1996. The virus could potentially spread to users other computers. The main function of the virus is that it corrupts software, making them dysfunctional. Bizatch was first analyzed and discovered by British security software company Sophos.
# The Red Zone (TV series)

The Red Zone is a six-episode comedy television series that was slated to appear on Netflix in 2021. It was written by sports journalists Jonathan Liew and Barney Ronay and executive produced by Sam Mendes, Pippa Harris, and Nicolas Brown via Neal Street Productions.
In March, 2022 the project was announced as discontinued due to a combination of factors including the success of the Ted Lasso series and changes in the television industry from the COVID-19 pandemic.
# Berk İsmail Ünsal

Berk İsmail Ünsal (born 6 August 1994) is a Turkish footballer who plays as a striker for Amed.

## Club career
### Galatasaray

Ünsal started his professional career at Galatasaray, where he trained. On 29 March 2014, he played his first Süper Lig match for Cim-Bom, against Torku Konyaspor, where he stayed on the pitch almost 28 minutes and replaced for his teammate Umut Bulut in the 62nd minute. The match was a 0–0 draw. His second Süper Lig match was against Kasımpaşa, where Galatasaray was defeated. He was in the first XI, played 49 minutes on the pitch, and Yekta Kurtuluş replaced instead of him for tactical changing. The match ended in a 0–4 loss for Gala. On 27 April 2014, Ünsal replaced instead of Yekta Kurtuluş in 87th minute and played almost 2 or 3 minutes against Elazığspor, where Cim-Bom won 0–1.

## Career statistics

    (As of 3 September 2014)
| Club | Season | League | League | Cup | Cup | Continental | Continental | Other | Other | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Galatasaray | 2013–14 | 3 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 5 | 0 |
| Galatasaray | Subtotal | 3 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 5 | 0 |
| Antalyaspor (loan) | 2014–15 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | — | — | 0 | 0 |
| Antalyaspor (loan) | Subtotal | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 0 | 0 |
| Career total | Career total | 3 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 0 |

## Honours
### Galatasaray

* Türkiye Kupası: 2013–14
# Barbara Erskine

Barbara Erskine (born 10 August 1944) is an English novelist. She was born in Nottingham in 1944. Her father was World War II Battle of Britain flying ace Squadron Leader Nigel Rose.
Erskine has a degree in medieval Scottish history from University of Edinburgh and divides her time between Hay-on-Wye and North Essex.
Erskine is the author of a number of bestselling novels and collections of short stories dealing with both history and the supernatural. Lady of Hay, her first novel, has sold over three million copies worldwide since its first publication in 1986.