OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Lee Hill (actor)

Lee Hill Trexler (born Tellman Trexler; July 8, 1894 – September 15, 1957) was an American actor of the silent era. He appeared in 74 films between 1914 and 1924. He was born in Minnesota and died in Los Angeles, California.

## Selected filmography

* Shanghaied (1915)
* Guilty (1916)
* Behind the Lines (1916)
* The Fuel of Life (1917)
* Station Content (1918)
* False Ambition (1918)
* A Sporting Chance (1919)
* Girls (1919)
* A Master Stroke (1920)
* Cytherea (1924)
# Modal dispersion

Modal dispersion is a distortion mechanism occurring in multimode fibers and other waveguides, in which the signal is spread in time because the propagation velocity of the optical signal is not the same for all modes. Other names for this phenomenon include multimode distortion, multimode dispersion, modal distortion, intermodal distortion, intermodal dispersion, and intermodal delay distortion.
In the ray optics analogy, modal dispersion in a step-index optical fiber may be compared to multipath propagation of a radio signal. Rays of light enter the fiber with different angles to the fiber axis, up to the fiber's acceptance angle. Rays that enter with a shallower angle travel by a more direct path, and arrive sooner than rays that enter at a steeper angle (which reflect many more times off the boundaries of the core as they travel the length of the fiber). The arrival of different components of the signal at different times distorts the shape.
Modal dispersion limits the bandwidth of multimode fibers. For example, a typical step-index fiber with a 50 μm core would be limited to approximately 20 MHz for a one kilometer length, in other words, a bandwidth of 20 MHz·km. Modal dispersion may be considerably reduced, but never completely eliminated, by the use of a core having a graded refractive index profile. However, multimode graded-index fibers having bandwidths exceeding 3.5 GHz·km at 850 nm are now commonly manufactured for use in 10 Gbit/s data links.
Modal dispersion should not be confused with chromatic dispersion, a distortion that results due to the differences in propagation velocity of different wavelengths of light. Modal dispersion occurs even with an ideal, monochromatic light source.
A special case of modal dispersion is polarization mode dispersion (PMD), a fiber dispersion phenomenon usually associated with single-mode fibers. PMD results when two modes that normally travel at the same speed due to fiber core geometric and stress symmetry (for example, two orthogonal polarizations in a waveguide of circular or square cross-section), travel at different speeds due to random imperfections that break the symmetry.

## Troubleshooting

In multimode optical fiber with many wavelengths propagating, it is sometimes hard to identify the dispersed wavelength out of all the wavelengths that are present, if there is not yet a service degradation issue. One can compare the present optical power of each wavelength to the designed values and look for differences. After that, the optical fiber is tested end to end. If no loss is found, then most probably there is dispersion with that particular wavelength. Normally engineers start testing the fiber section by section until they reach the affected section; all wavelengths are tested and the affected wavelength produces a loss at the far end of the fiber. One can easily calculate how much of the fiber is affected and replace that part of fiber with a new one. Replacement of optical fiber is only required when there is an intense dispersion and service is being affected; otherwise various methods can be used to compensate for the dispersion.
# Iron Belle Trail

The Iron Belle Trail is a set of two trails that will span the state of Michigan. The two trails, one for hiking and one for biking, connects Ironwood in the Upper Peninsula and Belle Isle State Park in Detroit. When complete, the hiking trail will be 1,204 miles (1,938 km) long and the biking trail is 828 miles (1,333 km) long. The Michigan Department of Natural Resources is coordinating the planning and construction of the missing trail segments.
It is "the longest state-designated trail in the nation." In its more than 2,000 miles (3,200 km) it crosses 48 counties and 240 townships.

## Routes

The hiking trail primarily follows the Michigan segment of the North Country National Scenic Trail with connectors to Belle Isle and Ironwood.
The biking trail connects existing trail such as the Paint Creek Trail in Oakland County, the North Central State Trail between Gaylord and Mackinaw City, and U.S. Bicycle Route 10 in the Upper Peninsula parallel to new trail. The bicycle route is 63% complete as of January, 2019, will incorporate routes along U.S. Highway 2 across the Upper Peninsula, and will have a length of 828 miles (1,333 km). The total trail is approximately 70 percent connected.
# Is Is

Professional ratings :
| Aggregate scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Metacritic | (78/100) |
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| The A.V. Club | C |
| Drowned in Sound | (7/10) |
| Hot Press | (favorable) |
| The New York Times | (favorable) |
| NME | (8/10) |
| Now | |
| Pitchfork Media | (8.2/10) |
| Prefix Magazine | (positive) |
| Robert Christgau | |
| The Rolling Stone Album Guide | |
| Stylus Magazine | B+ |
Is Is is Yeah Yeah Yeahs' third EP released on July 24, 2007. Songs for the EP were written in 2004 in between touring behind the band's first record Fever to Tell. The song "Down Boy" was No. 61 on Rolling Stone's list of the 100 Best Songs of 2007.

## The EP

Written amidst a turbulent and emotionally unstable period in Yeah Yeah Yeahs' history, the angst that colored that time translates into a sexually charged body of songs. On their choice of producer, Karen O stated, "Nick Launay was the natural choice having produced PiL Flowers of Romance, collectively a favorite between us. I put that record on and want to stuff my mouth with raw hamburger meat."
The EP has been released on CD, double 7" vinyl, USB flash drive and digital download.
"Down Boy" was originally released as a split single with Liars only released in Australia and Japan. The album title is an extraction of the fourth track song Isis, which in turn is an extraction of the Egyptian goddess Isis.

## The video

The band made a live film to accompany the EP with co-directors K. K. Barrett and Lance Bangs. Recorded in night vision at Glasslands Gallery in Brooklyn on 7 May, the band played two sets that night to 100 fans each time—the first for a mixed audience and the second for females only. There will be two filmed versions of lead track "Down Boy"—one live, and one to EP audio.
Three of these live videos, and the EP audio version of "Down Boy", have been uploaded to their official YouTube channel.

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Yeah Yeah Yeahs

## Personnel

* Brian Chase – drums
* Nick Zinner – guitars, synthesizer
* Karen O – vocals

## Charts

| Chart (2007) | Peak position |
| Australia (ARIA) | 38 |
| Canadian Albums (Billboard) | 44 |
| Denmark (Tracklisten) | 5 |
| Italy (FIMI) | 33 |
| Mexican Albums (Top 100 Mexico) | 63 |
| US Billboard 200 | 72 |
# BASMAL National Championship

The BASMAL National Championship is the national championship for men's and women's basketball teams in Malawi. It is a tournament that is hosted by the Basketball Association of Malawi (BASMAL), and which is typically held over three days in April. Teams from three other leagues in the country, the Central Zone, Northern Zone and Southern Zone leagues participate. In 2022, the men's tournament featured eight teams.
Between 2018 and 2021, the competition was not organised in some years due to a lack of funding and sponsorship.
The winners of each season earn the right to represent Malawi in the Road to BAL.

## Current teams
### Men's

* Bob Cats
* Bricks
* Crazy Warriors
* Bravehearts
* Central Knights
* Moyale
* Nkhulande

### Women's

* Bravehearts Ladies
* Kukoma Eagles
* Mikoko Mystics
* University of Lilongwe Arkangels
* Kuhes Ganglions

## Men's champions

* 2016: Bricks
* 2017-2021: Not organised
* 2018: Bravehearts
* 2022: Bravehearts
* 2024: Bravehearts

### Finals

List of BASMAL National Championship finals (2022-present) :
| Year | Winners | Score | Runners-up | Venue | MVP |
| 2016 | Bricks | | | African Bible College, Lilongwe | |
| 2018 | Bravehearts | 85–50 | Central Knights | ABC Gym, Lilongwe | |
| 2022 | Bravehearts | 53–50 | Central Knights | Blue Courts Gym, Lilongwe | Manelo Munthali |

## Women's champions

* 2016:
* 2017: Bravehearts
* 2018: Brave Hearts
* 2022: Brave Hearts

### Finals

List of BASMAL National Championship finals (2017-present) :
| Year | Winners | Score | Runners-up | Venue | MVP |
| 2017 | Brave Hearts | 75–44 | Lady Dynamites | Blue Courts Gym, Lilongwe | – |
| 2018 | Brave Hearts | 87–32 | Cobbe Barracks | Domasi College of Education, Zomba | – |
| 2022 | Brave Hearts | 59–37 | Lilongwe Archangels | Blue Courts Gym, Lilongwe | Mary Chibweke |
# Fiddlin' Joe Martin

Fiddlin' Joe Martin (January 8, 1900, Edwards, Mississippi – November 2, 1975, Walls, Mississippi) was an American blues musician, who played mandolin on Son House's recording sessions inspired by Alan Lomax in 1941.
Martin was a versatile musician who could play guitar, fiddle, mandolin, washboard and drums. Paul Oliver wrote that he "worked the Delta joints for over fifty years" after leaving Edwards in 1918 when he was fourteen. Martin worked with numerous blues artists including House, Willie Brown, Charley Patton and Howlin' Wolf. He is mostly associated with Woodrow Adams, on all of whose recordings he appeared. Martin and Adams played live together in the Mississippi area until Martin’s death.
# Charles Burton

Charles Burton may refer to:
* Charles Burton (cricketer) (1875–1948), Jamaican cricketer
* Charles Barton (director) (1902–1981), American film and vaudeville actor and film director
* Charles Burton (journalist), English journalist and sportswriter
* Charles Burton (judge) (1760–1847), English born barrister and judge in Ireland
* Charles Burton (sinologist), a Canadian political scientist.
* Charles Burton (theologian) (1793–1866), English clergyman and writer
* Charles Burton (wrestler) (born 1973), American Olympic wrestler
* Charles E. Burton (1846–1882), Irish astronomer
* Charles Germman Burton (1846–1926), U.S. Representative from Missouri
* Charles Pierce Burton (1862–1949), newspaper columnist and author
* Charles R. Burton (1942–2002), explorer and member of Transglobe Expedition
* Charles Burton Barber (1845–1894), English painter
* Woody Burton (Charles Burton, born 1945), member of the Indiana House of Representatives
# 2024 Valencian Community motorcycle Grand Prix

The 2024 Valencian Community motorcycle Grand Prix (officially known as the Gran Premio Motul de la Comunitat Valenciana) was a scheduled MotoGP race set to be held at the Circuit Ricardo Tormo in Cheste on 17 November 2024, at the Circuit Ricardo Tormo. On 1 November, MotoGP Management announced the cancellation of the race due to sudden floods in the region.
In response, MotoGP announced that they would be hosting the season finale in Montmelo. The event would later be dubbed the Solidarity Grand Prix, with the event's funds to be donated to Valencia's flood victims.
# Daniel Lieberman

Daniel E. Lieberman (born June 3, 1964) is a paleoanthropologist at Harvard University, where he is the Edwin M Lerner II Professor of Biological Sciences, and Professor in the Department of Human Evolutionary Biology. He is best known for his research on the evolution of the human head and the human body.

## Biography

Lieberman was educated at Harvard University, where he received his B.A., M.A. and Ph.D. degrees. He also received a M. Phil from Cambridge University. He was a Junior Fellow in the Harvard Society of Fellows and taught at Rutgers University and the George Washington University before becoming a professor at Harvard University in 2001.
Director of the Skeletal Biology Laboratory at Harvard, Lieberman is on the curatorial board of the Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology, a member of the Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology at Harvard, and the Scientific Executive Committee of the L.S.B. Leakey Foundation.

## Honors and awards

* National Merit Scholar, 1982
* Phi Beta Kappa (Harvard College), 1986
* Summa cum laude, Harvard College
* Frank Knox III Memorial Fellowship, 1986–1987
* National Science Foundation Graduate Fellowship, 1987–1990
* Junior Fellowship, Harvard Society of Fellows, 1993–1996
* Everett Mendelsohn Excellence in Mentoring Award, Harvard University, 2009
* Harvard College Professorship, 2010–2015
* American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 2020

## Research

Lieberman studies how and why the human body is the way it is, with a primary focus on the evolution of physical activity His research combines paleontology, anatomy, physiology and experimental biomechanics in the lab and in the field. In his career, he initially focused to a large extent on why and how humans have such unusual heads. Since 2004 most of his research has focused on the evolution of human locomotion including whether the first hominins were bipeds, why bipedalism evolved, the biomechanical challenges of pregnancy in females, how locomotion affects skeletal function and, most especially, the evolution of running. His 2004 paper with Dennis Bramble, “Endurance Running and the Evolution of Homo” proposed that humans evolved to run long distances to scavenge and hunt. His research on running in general, especially barefoot running was popularized in Chris McDougall's best-selling book Born to Run. Lieberman is an avid marathon runner, often barefoot, which has earned him the nickname 'The Barefoot Professor'.
# Islands (The Mary Onettes album)

Islands is the second studio album from Swedish dream pop band the Mary Onettes. The album was released on 3 November 2009 in the United States, and a day later in Sweden. The album had to be re-recorded from scratch after lead singer Philip Ekström stated on the band's official website, "...I basically lost every song I've ever recorded with the Mary Onettes. My hard drive with all my music was stolen in my car one fine afternoon in Stockholm, the very same fine afternoon we came home from our US tour, the very same day I was feeling thrilled to come home and start the process of finishing our new album. Of course I had made a backup copy on my computer at home. But for some reason a power failure in the building made that hard drive collapse too. Unbelievable. I was speechless for days." The band played the Primavera Sound Festival in Spain in May 2008, and reconvened in the studio to start the recording process again in September.
The band's Dare EP was released in April 2009, intended as a sampler of the Islands album. It featured two album tracks ("Dare" and "God Knows I Had Plans") and an exclusive non-album track ("Kicks"). Ekström said of the album's name: "The title Islands came up because I see the tracks on the album as small islands in different shapes and forms where every song is like a record of it's [sic] very own. Johan on Labrador Records suggested the same title without having heard me mentioning the idea, so that was a coincidence too good not to pursue. The songs are almost too personal and I've had a hard time playing them for friends. It's like all I want to do is keep them to myself".

## Reception

Professional ratings :
| Aggregate scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Metacritic | 66/100 |
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| The A.V. Club | B |
| Drowned in Sound | 6/10 |
| musicOMH | |
| Pitchfork | 6.7/10 |
| PopMatters | |
Islands received mixed to positive reviews from critics. On Metacritic, the album holds a score of 66/100 based on 9 reviews, indicating "generally favorable reviews".

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Philip Ekström

## Release history

| Country | Date | Label | Format | Catalogue # |
| United States | 3 November 2009 | Labrador Records | CD | LAB125 |
| Sweden | 4 November 2009 | Labrador Records | CD | LAB125 |
| Sweden | 16 December 2009 | Labrador Records | LP (limited edition of 500 copies) | LAB125 |

## Credits

* All songs produced and recorded by Philip Ekström and Henrik Ekström.
* Recorded at the House Arrest Studio, Gothenburg, and Foundland Studio, Jönköping.
* Strings on tracks 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 8 and 10 by Karin Hagström and Lina Molander. Arranged by Henrik Ekström and Philip Ekström.
* Backing vocals on "The Disappearance of My Youth" by Ebba Sahlin, Isa Almgren, Majja Sahlin, and Agnes Evertsson.
* Backing vocals on "Bricks" by Sara Mårtensson and Hanna-Maria Backvall.
* Mastered by Erik Broheden at Masters of Audio, except "Century" mastered by Björn Engelmann at Cutting Room Studios.
* Photos by Henrik Mårtensson; artwork by Peter Eriksson.
# No Matter What Sign You Are

"No Matter What Sign You Are" is a song released for Diana Ross & the Supremes by the Motown label.

## Background

Originally intended to be Diana Ross & the Supremes' final single before the departure of Diana Ross and penned by Berry Gordy, the song failed to fulfil Gordy's expectations as the single did not reach the top 20 in either the US and UK, peaking at 31 and 37 respectively in July 1969. The song released as the third single from Let the Sunshine In. As with most singles released under this billing of the group, session singers perform the backing vocals on the recorded single as opposed to Supremes group members at the time, Mary Wilson and Cindy Birdsong.

## Personnel

* Lead vocals by Diana Ross
* Background vocals by the Blackberries (Venetta Fields, Clydie King, and Sherlie Matthews)
* Instrumentation by the Funk Brothers
** Bass by Greg Reeves
** Electric sitar by Eddie Willis

## Track listing

* 7" single (9 May 1969) (United States/United Kingdom/Netherlands)
* "No Matter What Sign You Are" – 2:38
* "The Young Folks" – 2:29

## Chart history

| Chart (1969) | Peak position |
| Australia (Kent Music Report) | 33 |
| Canada Top Singles (RPM) | 29 |
| Netherlands (Dutch Top 40 Tipparade) | 2 |
| UK Singles (OCC) | 37 |
| UK R&B (Record Mirror) | 10 |
| US Billboard Hot 100 | 31 |
| US Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs (Billboard) | 17 |
| US Cashbox Top 100 | 27 |
| US Cashbox R&B | 20 |
| US Record World 100 Top Pops | 25 |
| US Record World Top 50 R&B | 17 |

## Later versions and samples

It was recorded in 1983 by Russell Grant and the Starlettes.
It was sampled in 1989 by the Beastie Boys on "Shake Your Rump" from their acclaimed second album Paul's Boutique.
# Kamwe people

The Kamwe people (also spelled Kamue) is a Chadic language speaking group, native to Adamawa State and Borno State of Nigeria and Northwest Cameroon. The Kamwe language is called Vecemwe in the native tongue. Kamwe is a compound word formed of "Ka" and "Mwe", meaning people of the same consanguinity and affinity (matrilineal brotherhood).

## Distribution

About 80% of the Kamwe people in Nigeria live in Michika. They are also found in Mubi North, Hong, Gombi, Song and Madagali. Kamwe people are also found in Borno State, especially in Askira/Uba and Gwoza. Blench (2019) lists Mukta of Mukta village in Adamawa State as part of the Kamwe cluster.
Kamwe is a compound word derived from the words "Ka" and "Mwe", which means "people of". It derived its meaning from a special type of Kamwe ornament worn by close relatives of a deceased person as a mark of identity and empathy.
According to Kamwe elders, "Mwe" is the mark of true identity of relatives in Kamweland. In the past, if a non-relative wore the Mwe, it could lead to conflict. Only close relatives are allowed to wear the Mwe, because it cements the bond between relatives. Those wearing the Mwe will hug one another saying tselie ra na (you are my relative). The Kamwe are so passionate about the name as they will say "Wesa Kamwe Ra" to compliment each other. Some elders state that Kamwe means people of the heavens, people on the hills, mountains and even the sky. More than 24 dialects of Kamwe language exist, but Nkafa is the central dialect and is used in writing and literature.
The Kamwe people and language were once called Higgi (Higi). Kamwe elders say Higgi is a derogatory word coined from hagyi (grasshopper) by their neighbours the Margi. Kamwe people despise the word, except some in the Dakwa (Bazza) area who are originally of Margi origin. The Margi first called the Kamwe people "Higgi" in 1937.
Kamwe people are natives of Michika local government. Kwada Kwakaa, a great lion and leopard hunter is regarded as the founder of the settlement. The settlement was named after his method of hunting animals on the hill. In the Kamwe language, "Mwe” means heaven or hills while “Ci-ka” means creep, which was later mispronounced by colonialists as Michika.
The traditional ruler is called Mbege Kamwe. The current ruler is Ngida Zakawa Kwache.
# F. L. Griggs

Frederick Landseer Maur Griggs RA RE FSA (30 October 1876 – 7 June 1938) was an English etcher, architectural draughtsman, illustrator, and early conservationist, associated with the late flowering of the Arts and Crafts movement in the Cotswolds, centred in Chipping Campden. He was one of the first etchers to be elected to full membership of the Royal Academy, and was part of the final phase of the Etching Revival in Britain. He was elected the Master of the Art Workers' Guild in 1934.
Born in Hitchin, Hertfordshire, he worked as an illustrator for the Highways and Byways series of regional guides for the publishers, Macmillans. In 1903 he settled at Dover's House, in the market town of Chipping Campden in the Cotswolds, and went on to create one of the last significant Arts and Crafts houses at 'New Dover's House'. There he set up the Dover's House Press, where he printed late proofs of the etchings of Samuel Palmer, amongst others. He collaborated with Ernest Gimson and the Sapperton group of craftsmen in architectural and design work in the area.

## The etchings

'Fred' Griggs converted to Roman Catholicism in 1912 and set about producing a body of etchings, 57 meticulous plates in a Romantic tradition, evoking an idealised medieval England of pastoral landscapes and architectural fantasies of ruined abbeys and buildings.
His best-known etchings include 'Owlpen Manor' (1930), dedicated to his friend, the architect Norman Jewson, 'Anglia Perdita', 'Maur's Farm', 'St Botolph's, Boston', 'The Almonry', and 'Memory of Clavering'. Collections of his etched work are held in the Ashmolean Museum, the Fitzwilliam Museum, the Boston Public Library, and in major public collections worldwide.

## Legacy

Griggs was one of the finest and most respected etchers of his time. He was an influential leader of the British etching revival in the Twenties and Thirties, and "the most important etcher who followed in the Samuel Palmer tradition" (K. M. Guichard, British Etchers, 1977). He occupies a pole position in the Romantic tradition of British art: he links the world of Blake, Turner and Samuel Palmer to a younger generation of neo-Romantic artists, including Graham Sutherland, John Piper, Robin Tanner and Joseph Webb.