OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Allen James Fromherz

Allen Fromherz (born May 10, 1980) is an American historian specializing in the Middle East and Mediterranean. From 2007 to 2008 he was a professor at Qatar University. He joined the faculty of Georgia State University in 2008. Since 2015, Fromherz has served as President of the American Institute for Maghrib Studies (AIMS), a part of the Council of American Overseas Research Centers (CAORC).

## Early life

Fromherz was born on May 10, 1980, in Dallas, Oregon. He wrote an undergraduate honors thesis on Ibn Khaldun under the direction of Gene Garthwaite at Dartmouth College, where he graduated summa cum laude in 2002. From 2002-2003 Fromherz was a Fulbright Scholar in Morocco. From 2003-2006 Fromherz studied for his PhD under the supervision of Hugh Kennedy at the University of St. Andrews in Scotland. His doctoral dissertation is titled The Rise of the Almohads: Islam, Identity and Belief in North Africa.

## Academic career

In 2007, Fromherz joined the faculty of Qatar University as an assistant professor of Middle East history.
In 2008, he joined the history department at Georgia State University in Atlanta, Georgia, as a professor of medieval Mediterranean and Middle East history, where he currently teaches and directs the Middle East Studies Center.

## Publications

In addition to works on medieval North Africa and a biography of Ibn Khaldun, he published the first full-length history of modern Qatar - Qatar, A Modern History. In 2020 he became founding book series editor, with Matt Buehler, of Edinburgh Studies on the Maghreb. The series is dedicated to publishing works on the history, politics, and society of North Africa in English. With Abdulrahman al-Salimi, he edited a book on Sultan Qaboos and Modern Oman 1970-2020 and hosted one of the first conferences dedicated to the history of Oman during the reign of Sultan Qaboos at Georgia State University in 2022.

## Honors

In 2015, Fromherz became president of the American Institute for Maghrib Studies (AIMS).
In 2016, he was named as a senior humanities fellow at New York University Abu Dhabi (NYUAD).
In 2018, he was elected for a second term as president of AIMS and is a board member of the Council of Overseas Research Centers (CAORC).
In 2022, he was named a senior Fulbright Scholar to Spain to study the life and times of the Granada polymath and historian Ibn al-Khatib.
# CEO (disambiguation)

A CEO, or chief executive officer, is the highest-ranking corporate officer in an organisation.
CEO may also refer to:

## Acronyms and codes

* CEO (Data General), or Comprehensive Electronic Office, a 1981 suite of office automation software
* Center for Equal Opportunity, an American conservative think tank
* Chief Electoral Officer (disambiguation), an electoral oversighter
* Chief experimental officer, head of an experimental organization
* Civil enforcement officer, a person who enforces, parking, traffic, and other laws
* Civilian enforcement officer, an official of Her Majesty's Courts and Tribunals Service in the UK
* Community Effort Orlando, an annual fighting game event
* Corporate Europe Observatory, a non-profit research and campaign group
* Waco Kungo Airport, Angola (IATA code)

## Arts and entertainment

* Ceo (musician), the solo project of Eric Berglund
* "CEO", a 2021 song by Netta Barzilai
* "CEO", a 2021 song by Snoop Dogg from From tha Streets 2 tha Suites
* The CEO, a 2016 Nigerian film
# Linny

Linny may refer to:
* A type of farm storage building with an open side also spelled linney and linhay. See circular linhay
* Linny the guinea pig, an animated character in the children's television show Wonder Pets.
# Octuple-precision floating-point format

In computing, octuple precision is a binary floating-point-based computer number format that occupies 32 bytes (256 bits) in computer memory. This 256-bit octuple precision is for applications requiring results in higher than quadruple precision.
The range greatly exceeds what is needed to describe all known physical limitations within the observable universe or precisions better than planck units.

## IEEE 754 octuple-precision binary floating-point format: binary256

In its 2008 revision, the IEEE 754 standard specifies a binary256 format among the interchange formats (it is not a basic format), as having:
* Sign bit: 1 bit
* Exponent width: 19 bits
* Significand precision: 237 bits (236 explicitly stored)
The format is written with an implicit lead bit with value 1 unless the exponent is all zeros. Thus only 236 bits of the significand appear in the memory format, but the total precision is 237 bits (approximately 71 decimal digits: log$_{10}$(2$^{237}$) ≈ 71.344).
The bits are laid out as follows:

### Exponent encoding

The octuple-precision binary floating-point exponent is encoded using an offset binary representation, with the zero offset being 262143; also known as exponent bias in the IEEE 754 standard.
* E$_{min}$ = −262142
* E$_{max}$ = 262143
* Exponent bias = 3FFFF$_{16}$ = 262143
Thus, as defined by the offset binary representation, in order to get the true exponent the offset of 262143 has to be subtracted from the stored exponent.
The stored exponents 00000$_{16}$ and 7FFFF$_{16}$ are interpreted specially.
| Exponent | Significand zero | Significand non-zero | Equation |
| 00000$_{16}$ | 0, −0 | subnormal numbers | (-1)$^{signbit}$ × 2$^{−262142}$ × 0.significandbits$_2$ |
| 00001$_{16}$, ..., 7FFFE$_{16}$ | normalized value | normalized value | (-1)$^{signbit}$ × 2$^{exponentbits2}$ × 1.significandbits$_2$ |
| 7FFFF$_{16}$ | ±∞ | NaN (quiet, signalling) |
The minimum strictly positive (subnormal) value is 2$^{−262378}$ ≈ 10$^{−78984}$ and has a precision of only one bit. The minimum positive normal value is 2$^{−262142}$ ≈ 2.4824 × 10$^{−78913}$. The maximum representable value is 2$^{262144}$ − 2$^{261907}$ ≈ 1.6113 × 10$^{78913}$.

### Octuple-precision examples

These examples are given in bit representation, in hexadecimal, of the floating-point value. This includes the sign, (biased) exponent, and significand.
By default, 1/3 rounds down like double precision, because of the odd number of bits in the significand. So the bits beyond the rounding point are 0101... which is less than 1/2 of a unit in the last place.

## Implementations

Octuple precision is rarely implemented since usage of it is extremely rare. Apple Inc. had an implementation of addition, subtraction and multiplication of octuple-precision numbers with a 224-bit two's complement significand and a 32-bit exponent. One can use general arbitrary-precision arithmetic libraries to obtain octuple (or higher) precision, but specialized octuple-precision implementations may achieve higher performance.

### Hardware support

There is no known hardware implementation of octuple precision.
# Jinju Stadium

Jinju Stadium (Korean: 진주종합경기장), is a multi-use stadium in Jinju, South Korea It is used mostly for football matches. The stadium was built in 2010 and designed for a capacity of 20,116 spectators. This stadium is different from the old stadium Jinju Civic Stadium.
# Hyptec

Hyptec (Chinese: 昊铂; pinyin: Hàobó) is a Chinese electric vehicle brand owned by GAC Aion, the electric vehicle subsidiary of GAC Group. It was founded in 2022 under the name Hyper, before it was renamed in 2024. The brand serves as a premium product line of GAC Aion, which uses the Aion brand for mass-market electric vehicles.
The name "Hyptec" derives from a combination of the words "hyper" and "technology".

## History

In September 2022, GAC Aion presented its plans to expand its portfolio with a new brand called Hyper. It was created to fill the niche of more expensive, more technically advanced and more luxurious electric cars.
Hyper's first product is the Hyper SSR hypercar. Production of the SSR began in October 2023. In 2023, the Hyper lineup was further expanded with a second model, the Hyper GT sedan, which was first revealed through a set of images in December 2022 and went on sale in July 2023. In October of the same year, the mid-size SUV coupe Hyper HT debuted, with sales beginning in the domestic market in November 2023. In August 2024, the brand name was changed from Hyper to Hyptec.

## Products

* Hyptec SSR
* Hyptec GT
* Hyptec HT
* Hyptec HL
* Hyptec SSR
* Hyptec GT
* Hyptec HT
# Joel Whitford

Joel Whitford (born 1 July 1993) is an Australian former professional Canadian football punter.

## College career

Whitford played college football for the Santa Barbara City College Vaqueros in 2015. After sitting out the 2016 season, he joined the Washington Huskies and played for the team from 2017 to 2019.

## Professional career
### Hamilton Tiger-Cats

Whitford was drafted in the first round, eighth overall by the Hamilton Tiger-Cats in the 2021 CFL Global Draft and signed with the team on 28 April 2021. Following 2021 training camp, he won the job as the team's punter and played in his first career professional game on 5 August 2021, against the Winnipeg Blue Bombers. He played in 12 regular-season games and had 68 punts with a 45.1-yard average. He began the 2022 season on the practice roster before being released on June 27, 2022.

### Montreal Alouettes

On July 8, 2022, Whitford signed with the Montreal Alouettes. On November 14, 2022, Whitford was released by the Alouettes.
# Horsehair eel

The Horsehair eel (Gordiichthys irretitus) is an eel in the family Ophichthidae (worm/snake eels). It was described by David Starr Jordan and Bradley Moore Davis in 1891. It is a marine, tropical eel which is known from the western central Atlantic Ocean, including Florida, USA, the Gulf of Mexico and Puerto Rico. It dwells at a depth range of 90 to 200 meters (300 to 660 ft), and inhabits sand and mud substrates. Males can reach a maximum total length of 76 centimeters (30 in).
# Alejandro Siqueiros

Alejandro Siqueiros Quiroz (born October 28, 1982) is a male freestyle swimmer from Mexico. He represented his native country at the 2003 Pan American Games and the 2004 Summer Olympics.
# Samma Group

Samma Group is an Australian development conglomerate. It has been involved in developing various major urban and residential projects in Australia such as the Camberwell Junction tower. It has also been involved in developing a $400m pipeline in Melbourne.
# Lindsay Stringer

Lindsay C. Stringer is a Professor in Environment and Development at the University of York.
Stringer's research is interdisciplinary and uses theories and methods from both the natural and social sciences to understand human-environment relationships, feedbacks and trade-offs, examining the impacts for human wellbeing, equity and the environment

## Education

* PhD in Geography, University of Sheffield, Department of Geography, 2005
* MSc in Environmental Monitoring and Assessment in Drylands, University of Sheffield Department of Geography, 2001
* BSc in Physical Geography, University of Sheffield Department of Geography, 2000

## Career

Stringer has been involved in research on land, food, water, energy and climate change worth c.£42 million (total value) since 2005.
She chaired the Independent International Task Force for the Dryland Systems Programme of the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR) from 2014 to 2016.
She was an Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) lead author for the Special Report on Climate Change and Land Use.
She is currently IPCC lead author for the 6th Assessment Report (AR6) as well as Coordinating Lead Author for the IPCC AR6 cross-chapter paper on Deserts, Desertification and Semi-arid Areas.
She was Coordinating Lead Author for the Intergovernmental science-policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES) Africa Regional Assessment , and Lead Author for the IPBES Land Degradation and Restoration Assessment.
Stringer is involved in the Economics of Land Degradation (ELD) Initiative, as well as being an Elected Steering Committee Member for DesertNet International.
She was competitively selected for the international Homeward Bound expedition to Antarctica: a women in climate science leadership programme in 2016.
She was Director of the Sustainability Research Institute (SRI) at the School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, UK from 2011–2014
She is the Director York Environmental Sustainability Institute (YESI). The centre was set up by the University of York to facilitate and deliver interdisciplinary research in environmental sustainability.
She is a member Centre for Dryland Agriculture’s International Scientific Advisory Board, Bayero University Kano

## Prizes

* Royal Society Wolfson Research Merit Award, 2017
* Women of Achievement Award, 2015
* Philip Leverhulme Prize for advancing sustainability in the world’s drylands, 2013
# Sawma Rabba

Sawma Rabba (Syriac: ܨܲܘܡܵܐ ܪܲܒܵܐ) is the East Syriac liturgical season that begins seven weeks before Easter, falling during Great Lent, and culminates on Resurrection Sunday. It begins with Pētūrtta Sunday and extends precisely seven weeks until Easter. Among the descendant Churches of the Church of the East in India, the Sawma Rabba is popularly known as the Fifty days' fast, since Resurrection Sunday occurs at its fiftieth day.
# Austins, Newton Abbot

Austins is a department store in Newton Abbot, Devon. Founded in 1924 as a drapery shop the store has expanded to four locations in one part of the town which has been described as the "Austins Quarter". It is a major employer in the town and the largest independent store in South West England.

## History

Austins was founded in 1924 by Robert Charles Austin who sent his son, Charles, to Newton Abbot to establish a new shop for their drapery business. The shop grew to become a department store, one of five in the town during this time. Three successive generations of Austins have run the firm: Charles took over from his father in the 1950s and his son, David Austin, took over in the late 1980s. The store was helped by the closure of the town's House of Fraser branch in 1988. Austins were able to take on some of their rival's cosmetics and fashion brands, customers and staff and sales grew by 50% in the following year.
Austins is a member of the Association of Independent Stores and is the largest independent store in South West England. The store is one of the last four family-owned department stores in Devon. It is a major employer in Newton Abbot, having 65 full-time and 100 part-time staff. Some 30% of the staff have more than 20 years of continuous service with the firm. In recent years the firm has taken steps to improve its environmental performance, installing LED lighting and 1,000 solar panels.

## Locations

The store has nine sales floors split across four buildings, totalling 60,000 square feet (5,600 m$^2$) of sales space. It is said to dominate one end of Newton Abbot which has become known as the Austins Quarter.

### 6-8 Courtenay Street

The original Austins store opened on 1 March 1924 in a corrugated steel roofed building at 6 Courtenay Street. It was staffed by the Austin family and three employees. The shop area was doubled by expansion in 1970 and a restaurant was added at the same time. The building now houses the store's ladies fashion, jewellery and beauty departments.
The building dates from the 1850s and has been described as "a striking commercial design". This store now incorporates 2-4 Courtenay Street which was granted protection as a grade II listed building on 6 June 1972.

### 1 Courtenay Street

Austins expanded into 1 Courtenay Street, opposite its original store, in 1992. This was originally a furniture store but now houses the home, baby, luggage, haberdashery and chiropody departments.
The structure was formerly the Globe Hotel, built in 1842 to a design by Charles Fowler. The structure was granted grade II protection as a listed building on 16 July 1949.

### 8-12 Wolborough Street

In 1996 Austins opened a toy department at 8-12 Wolborough Street. A carpet store was added soon afterwards. This site now houses the toys, sports and menswear departments.

### 15-21 Wolborough Street

Austins expanded to 15-21 Wolborough Street in 1999. The site now houses the furniture and carpet departments.
# Tork-e Gharbi Rural District

Tork-e Gharbi Rural District (Persian: دهستان ترك غربي) is in Jowkar District of Malayer County, Hamadan province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Yengi Kand.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the rural district's population was 12,367 in 2,832 households. There were 11,503 inhabitants in 3,127 households at the following census of 2011. The 2016 census measured the population of the rural district as 11,298 in 3,402 households. The most populous of its 21 villages was Yengi Kand, with 2,638 people.
# Young Arthur

Young Arthur was a pilot episode for a 2002 NBC TV drama about the childhood of King Arthur. The pilot was directed by Mikael Salomon and written by Remi Aubuchon and Graham Yost. It was not picked up as a full series.

## Background

Young Arthur was pitched at the age 12-34 demographic, modeled after two 2001 properties: the medieval comedy film A Knight's Tale and teen superhero series Smallville. A talent-agency source told Electronic Media that NBC hoped to find a lead actor akin to Heath Ledger or Tom Welling, those properties' respective leads: "They're looking for a young, heroic hunk who can be a brand to the network." They ultimately chose two 19-year-old actors, Julian Morris and Paul Wasilewski, to play Arthur and Lancelot respectively.
Remi Aubuchon and Graham Yost wrote the screenplay, and Sweden's Mikael Salomon directed the episode. Filming began in Prague in the Czech Republic, with an estimated budget of $2.4 million for the pilot episode, in line with typical pilot costs, but less for subsequent episodes. NBC, which was in the middle of cost-cutting, chose the overseas filming location in part to reduce labor costs.
The network declined to pick up the series for its fall 2002 season.

## Cast

* Julian Morris - Arthur
* James Fleet - Merlin
* Paul Wesley (as Paul Wasilewski) - Lancelot
* James Hoare - Kay
* Jo Stone-Fewings - Jack
* Stephen Billington - Lord Vortigen
* Laura Rees - Morgana
* David Birkin - Mordred
* Desmond Barrit - Bullwhit
* Marc Small - Heflin
* Tony Maudsley - Aloysius
* Clive Swift - Illtud
* Nick Brimble - Pelinore
* Patrick Gordon - Grimthorpe
* Christian Burgess - Ector
# Muscidifurax

Muscidifurax is a genus of parasitoid wasps belonging to the family Pteromalidae.
The genus has almost cosmopolitan distribution.

## Species

* Muscidifurax adanacus Doganlar, 2007
* Muscidifurax neoraptorellus Xiao & Zhou, 2018
* Muscidifurax raptor Girault & Sanders, 1910
* Muscidifurax raptorellus Kogan & Legner, 1970
* Muscidifurax raptoroides Kogan & Legner, 1970
* Muscidifurax similadanacus Xiao & Zhou, 2018
* Muscidifurax sinesensilla Xiao & Zhou, 2018
* Muscidifurax uniraptor Kogan & Legner, 1970
* Muscidifurax zaraptor Kogan & Legner, 1970
# Thomas Fleetwood (of the Vache)

Thomas Fleetwood (1517/18 – 1570), of London, The Vache, Chalfont St. Giles, Buckinghamshire and Rossall, Lancashire, was an English politician. He was a Member of Parliament, a judge, and Master of the Royal Mint under King Henry VIII.

## Biography

Fleetwood was the younger son of William Fleetwood and Ellen Standish and originated from Heskin, Lancashire. He was granted the family's arms on 4 July 1548, which is still used by the family.
In 1545 he became Teller at the Tower mint for three years. Further positions at the London mints followed. He was comptroller and assayer at the Southwark mint from 1547 to 1551, appointed commissioner for the new coinage in December 1550 and under treasurer at the Tower mint from 1560 to 1562. The profits from the appointments enabled him to buy land in both Buckinghamshire and Lancashire, particularly the estate known as the Vache in Chalfont St Giles, which he purchased in 1564. He was a Member (MP) of the Parliament of England for Preston in March 1553 and for Buckinghamshire in 1563 and was pricked High Sheriff of Bedfordshire and Buckinghamshire for 1564–65.
He died in 1570 and was buried in an elaborate tomb at Chalfont St. Giles. He had married twice: his first wife was Barbara Francis, by whom he had three sons and a daughter. His second wife was Bridget, the youngest child of Sir John Spring of Lavenham, Suffolk, with whom he had seven sons and seven daughters, including William, George, Henry and Joyce, grandmother of the leading statesman Thomas Osborne, 1st Duke of Leeds. The Vache estate passed to the second of these sons George Fleetwood.
# Bioggio railway station

Bioggio railway station is a railway station in the municipality of Bioggio in the Swiss canton of Ticino. The station is on the metre gauge Lugano–Ponte Tresa railway (FLP), between Lugano and Ponte Tresa.
The station is on a section of double track line, which stretches from just north of the station to Serocca station. It has two side platforms.

## Services

As of the December 2021 timetable change, the following services stop at Bioggio:
* S60: service every fifteen minutes between Lugano FLP and Ponte Tresa on weekdays and half-hourly on weekends.
# Princess Meng

Princess Meng (Chinese: 孟王后) was a princess of the Lushuihu-led Chinese Northern Liang dynasty. Her husband was Juqu Mengxun (Prince Wuxuan).
Very little is known about Princess Meng. She was mentioned as Juqu Mengxun's wife in 413, when she thwarted an assassination attempt against him by the eunuch Wang Huaizu (王懷祖) and captured Wang. She was probably the mother of his first two heirs apparent Juqu Xingguo (沮渠興國) and Juqu Puti (沮渠菩提), although this is not completely clear. It appears unlikely that she was the mother of his actual successor Juqu Mujian.
During Juqu Mujian's reign, a princess dowager was mentioned, without any names, and it could have been Princess Meng or Juqu Mujian's birth mother. If it was Princess Meng, then she died in the Northern Wei capital Pingcheng (平城, in modern Datong, Shanxi) after Juqu Mujian's capital Guzang (姑臧, in modern Wuwei, Gansu) had fallen to Northern Wei forces and he had been taken captive, but she was still buried with honors due a princess.
# Chuba (name)

Chuba is a masculine given name and a surname. It may refer to:
* Chuba Akpom (born 1995), English footballer
* H. Chuba Chang (fl. 1993–present), Indian politician in Nagaland
* P. Chuba Chang (1965–2013), Indian politician in Nagaland
* Chuba Hubbard (born 1999), Canadian running back in the National Football League
* Chuba Okadigbo (1941–2003), Nigerian politician and academic
* Lynda Chuba-Ikpeazu (born 1966), also known as Lynda Chuba, Nigerian politician, model and beauty pageant titleholder
* Nina Chuba, stage name of German singer and actress Nina Katrin Kaiser (born 1998)