# Kirensk

Kirensk (Russian: Киренск, IPA:) is a town and the administrative center of Kirensky District in Irkutsk Oblast, Russia, located at the confluence of the Kirenga and Lena Rivers, 950 kilometers (590 mi) north of Irkutsk, the administrative center of the oblast. Population: 12,640 (2010 Census); 13,712 (2002 Census); 16,137 (1989 Soviet census).

## Geography

The town is located in the Lena-Angara Plateau.

## History

It was founded in 1630 by the Cossacks under Vasily Bugor as a winter settlement called Nikolsky pogost. Along with Ust-Kut, it was one of the two main portages between the Yenisei and Lena basins. In the 1630s, Yerofey Khabarov ran a salt works here. In 1665, it was renamed Kirensky Ostrog. In 1775, it was granted town status. In the 19th century, a large number of political prisoners were forcibly resettled here, among whom was Józef Piłsudski. Under Stalin there was a GULAG transit camp. In 1991, over eighty bodies were found buried in the basement of the former NKVD building. All were said to have been killed on a single day in 1938 and all were killed by blows on the head, apparently to hide the noise. During the construction of the Baikal–Amur Mainline, goods were shipped up the Kirenga to Magistralny. In the 1970s, a dam was built across one mouth of the Kirenga (the place was originally an island) to reduce flooding and ice jams. In 2001, there was a major flood.

## Administrative and municipal status

Within the framework of administrative divisions, Kirensk serves as the administrative center of Kirensky District, to which it is directly subordinated. As a municipal division, the town of Kirensk, together with nine rural localities in Kirensky District, is incorporated within Kirensky Municipal District as Kirenskoye Urban Settlement.

## Economy
### Transportation

There is ship transport along the Lena in summer and an airport, but no railroad, and no proper road link to the rest of Russia. The port is used to transfer goods to smaller ships going further up the Lena.
The town is served by the Kirensk Airport. During World War II, it was a staging point for American aircraft transferred to Russia via Alaska.

## Climate

Kirensk has a subarctic climate (Köppen climate classification Dfc). Winters are severely cold with average temperatures from −31.3 °C (−24.3 °F) to −20.3 °C (−4.5 °F) in January, while summers are warm with average temperatures from +12.4 °C (54.3 °F) to +25.8 °C (78.4 °F). Precipitation is quite low and is significantly higher in summer than at other times of the year.
Climate data for Kirensk (1991-2020, extremes 1892–present) :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 1.4 (34.5) | 7.0 (44.6) | 16.1 (61.0) | 24.5 (76.1) | 33.6 (92.5) | 36.8 (98.2) | 36.6 (97.9) | 36.5 (97.7) | 29.3 (84.7) | 24.0 (75.2) | 10.6 (51.1) | 4.1 (39.4) | 36.8 (98.2) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | −20.3 (−4.5) | −13.7 (7.3) | −2.7 (27.1) | 6.5 (43.7) | 15.6 (60.1) | 23.7 (74.7) | 25.8 (78.4) | 22.6 (72.7) | 13.1 (55.6) | 2.9 (37.2) | −10.6 (12.9) | −20.0 (−4.0) | 3.6 (38.4) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −25.8 (−14.4) | −21.1 (−6.0) | −11.4 (11.5) | −0.5 (31.1) | 8.1 (46.6) | 16.0 (60.8) | 18.7 (65.7) | 15.4 (59.7) | 7.0 (44.6) | −1.9 (28.6) | −15.6 (3.9) | −25.0 (−13.0) | −3.0 (26.6) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −31.3 (−24.3) | −27.8 (−18.0) | −19.5 (−3.1) | −7.0 (19.4) | 1.2 (34.2) | 9.0 (48.2) | 12.4 (54.3) | 9.6 (49.3) | 2.4 (36.3) | −5.8 (21.6) | −20.5 (−4.9) | −30.1 (−22.2) | −8.9 (15.9) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −57.8 (−72.0) | −56.2 (−69.2) | −47.7 (−53.9) | −36.8 (−34.2) | −15.4 (4.3) | −4.3 (24.3) | 0.1 (32.2) | −5.3 (22.5) | −11.3 (11.7) | −37.6 (−35.7) | −49.6 (−57.3) | −57 (−71) | −57.8 (−72.0) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 20 (0.8) | 15 (0.6) | 11 (0.4) | 14 (0.6) | 34 (1.3) | 53 (2.1) | 62 (2.4) | 55 (2.2) | 41 (1.6) | 30 (1.2) | 27 (1.1) | 26 (1.0) | 388 (15.3) |
| Average extreme snow depth cm (inches) | 37 (15) | 42 (17) | 42 (17) | 18 (7.1) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 2 (0.8) | 14 (5.5) | 28 (11) | 42 (17) |
| Average rainy days | 0 | 0.3 | 1 | 8 | 16 | 18 | 17 | 16 | 18 | 10 | 1 | 0 | 105 |
| Average snowy days | 26 | 24 | 19 | 15 | 6 | 0.3 | 0 | 0.1 | 3 | 20 | 26 | 27 | 166 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 78 | 77 | 70 | 62 | 59 | 67 | 74 | 78 | 79 | 77 | 79 | 79 | 73 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 62.0 | 108.4 | 187.3 | 229.1 | 256.9 | 283.9 | 284.9 | 229.9 | 136.9 | 84.5 | 69.3 | 41.7 | 1,974.8 |
| Source 1: pogoda.ru.net ||||||||||||||
| Source 2: NOAA ||||||||||||||

## Notable people

* Daniel Broido (1903-1990), computer engineer