OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Norman Gerstenfeld

Norman Gerstenfeld was an American Reform rabbi who served as the senior rabbi of Washington Hebrew Congregation in Washington, D.C. He played a prominent role in the Jewish community of DC and the national Reform movement.

## Early life

Gerstenfeld was born in London, England, on September 1, 1904, the son of Rabbi Shmuel Gerstenfeld and Braina Pechman. Gerstenfeld's father was born in Rava-Russkaya, Galicia, in what is now Ukraine. He was married to Louise Mundheim Gerstenfeld, who died in 1970 at age 64, two years after his death.

## Career

Gerstenfeld was ordained by the Hebrew Union College (HUC) in Cincinnati and also held a degree from American University in Washington, D.C. From 1935, he was a Fellow in Jewish Philosophy at the HUC. He became an assistant rabbi at Washington Hebrew Congregation in 1935, a synagogue that had been in disarray and decline for several decades. Three years later he became senior rabbi of the congregation.
On November 16, 1952, President Harry S. Truman attended the cornerstone laying at the Washington Hebrew Congregation's new synagogue building. President Truman addressed Rabbi Gerstenfeld in his opening statement, who was in attendance.
Rabbi Gerstenfeld was initially a vocal anti-Zionist, however, by 1948 he had come to support the State of Israel.

## Death

Gerstenfeld died of a heart attack on January 27, 1968, at the age of 63.
# Salvia mohavensis

Salvia mohavensis (Mojave sage) is a species of sage endemic to the Mojave Desert. It is a low rounded shrub growing to 1 m tall with small opposite evergreen leaves 1.5–2 cm long, which are dark green or may appear nearly gray due to a covering of fine white hairs. The 2 cm long flowers are pale blue with protruding stamens, and occur in headlike whorls that occur singly at the tip of the stem. It blooms from April to June.
# Empire Rose Stakes

The Empire Rose Stakes, is a Victoria Racing Club Group 1 Thoroughbred horse race held under Weight for Age conditions, for fillies and mares aged three-years-old and upwards, over a distance of 1600 metres, held at Flemington Racecourse, Melbourne, Australia during the VRC Spring Carnival on Victoria Derby day. Total prize money for the race is A$1,000,000.

## History

The registered race is named after Empire Rose, the champion mare who won the 1988 LKS MacKinnon Stakes – Melbourne Cup double.

### Name

* 1988–1992 - The Honda Legend
* 1993 - Hong Kong Bank Stakes
* 1994–2001 - Hardy Brothers Classic
* 2002–2004 - Nestle Peters Classic
* 2005–2017 - Myer Classic
* 2018 onwards - Empire Rose Stakes

### Distance

* 1988 onwards - 1,600 metres

### Grade

* 1988–1994 - Listed Race
* 1995–1996 - Group 3
* 1997–2003 - Group 2
* 2004 onwards - Group 1

## Winners

* 2024 - Atishu
* 2023 - Pride Of Jenni
* 2022 - Icebath
* 2021 - Colette
* 2020 - Shout The Bar
* 2019 - Melody Belle
* 2018 - Shillelagh
* 2017 - Shoals
* 2016 - I Am A Star
* 2015 - Politeness
* 2014 - Bonaria
* 2013 - Red Tracer
* 2012 - Appearance
* 2011 - Hurtle Myrtle
* 2010 - Sacred Choice
* 2009 - Typhoon Tracy
* 2008 - Forensics
* 2007 - Divine Madonna
* 2006 - Lyrical Bid
* 2005 - Lotteria
* 2004 - Miss Potential
* 2003 - Zanna
* 2002 - Miss Zoe
* 2001 - Market Price
* 2000 - Super Sequel
* 1999 - Noircir
* 1998 - Bonanova
* 1997 - Prairie
* 1996 - Rose of Portland
* 1995 - Aunty Mary
* 1994 - Sedately
* 1993 - Mingling Glances
* 1992 - Excited Angel
* 1991 - Western Chorus
* 1990 - Natural Wonder
* 1989 - Echo Lass
* 1988 - Concordance
# Anterior meniscofemoral ligament

The anterior meniscofemoral ligament (ligament of Humphry) is a small fibrous band of the knee joint. It arises from the posterior horn of the lateral meniscus and passes superiorly and medially in front of the posterior cruciate ligament to attach to the lateral surface of medial condyle of the femur.
Anterior meniscofemoral ligament is found in 11.8% of the subjects during MRI scan of the knee.
It may be confused for the posterior cruciate ligament during arthroscopy. In this situation, a tug on the ligament while observing for motion of the lateral meniscus can be used to tell the two apart.
Anterior meniscofemoral ligament, together with posterior meniscofemoral ligament, meniscotibial ligament, and the popliteomeniscal fascicles, stabilises the posterolateral part of the lateral meniscus.
# Parachlorobenzotrifluoride

Parachlorobenzotrifluoride is a synthetic halogenated organic chemical compound with the molecular formula C$_7$H$_4$ClF$_3$. It is frequently abbreviated PCBTF. Parachlorobenzotrifluoride is a colorless liquid with a distinct aromatic odor. PCBTF has been commercially-produced since the 1960s, initially as an intermediate in the production of other petrochemicals. But since the 1990s, it has been primarily used as a solvent.

## History

Occidental Chemical Corporation was a leading producer and sold it as part of its Oxsol® product line, specifically under the brand name of Oxsol 100. Occidental Chemical Corporation sold the OXSOL line to an Israeli company, Makhteshim Agan Industries, Ltd., in 2002.

## Uses

PCBTF is increasingly used as a xylene replacement in cleaners, thinners, and other aromatic hydrocarbon blends.
PCBTF is used as a component (5-12%) of low volatile organic compound (VOC) compliant polyurethane finishes.
The substance is used as an ink solvent in the printing industry. Parachlorobenzotrifluoride has a high capacity for dissolving many inks used by the printing industry. In most cases, up to 22 grams of ink can be dissolved in 20 grams of PCBTF. An added benefit is that parachlorobenzotrifluoride dissolves most inks faster than toluene.

## Health and Environmental effects

Health effects:
* Points of entry: eyes, ingestion, inhalation, skin.
* Target organs: central nervous system, kidneys, liver.
* Irritancy: eyes, respiratory tract, skin
In the troposphere, PCBTF has an estimated half-life of 67 days. It is transformed by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals to give mainly 2-chloro-5-trifluoromethylphenol.

## Regulation

PCBTF currently has VOC Exempt status from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. However, California's Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment (OEHHA) has adopted inhalation risk factors for PCBTF as of June 2019, which could have implications for its ongoing VOC Exempt status.
# Kurugodu Thammanahalli

Kurugodu Thammanahalli is a village in the southern state of Karnataka, India. It is located in the Gauribidanur taluk of Chikkaballapura district in Karnataka. It is situated 9 km away from sub-district headquarter Gauribidanur and 44 km away from district headquarter Chikkaballapura

## Demographics

According to Census 2011 information the location code or village code of Kurugodu Thammanahalli village is 623218. Kurugodu Thammanahalli village belongs to Mudugere gram panchayat.
The total geographical area of village is 127.76 hectares. Kurugodu Thammanahalli has a total population of 563 peoples with 296 males and 267 females. There are about 127 houses in Kurugodu Thammanahalli village. Gauribidanur is nearest town to Kurugodu Thammanahalli which is approximately 9 km away.

## Economy

Agriculture is the main occupation for people belongs to Kurugodu Thammanahalli. The land of this part is composed of black and red, Most of the land is cultivated with maize, sunflower, millet, silk, a little vegetable, flowers.

## Facilities

Kurugodu Thammanahalli has below types of facilities.
* Government primary School
* Nursery school
* Mudugere KMF (Karnataka Milk Federation) Dairy

## Temples

* Hanuman Temple
* Marigamma Temple
# John Arnold Fleming

John Arnold Fleming FRSE OBE JP (1871 – 22 October 1966) was a Scottish industrial chemist closely associated with the British pottery industry. He was also a noted journalist, author, politician, and philanthropist. He was a keen amateur falconer and golfer. As an author he standardly appears as J. Arnold Fleming.
A proficient potter he ran potteries at an industrial level and was long associated with the Britannia Pottery in St Rollox in Glasgow, which he owned and controlled following his father’s death, plus other Staffordshire Potteries. A substantial part of the ceramics collection within Glasgow Museums was gifted by Fleming.

## Life

He was the eldest son of Sir James Fleming of Woodburn House in Rutherglen. He was educated at the Albany Academy in Glasgow then went to the Glasgow School of Art, specialising in modelling. He then went to the University of Edinburgh to study chemistry. He met John Logie Baird early in his life and they were lifelong friends. He donated a statue of Logie Baird to the town of Helensburgh and also created the John Logie Baird Memorial Prize at the local school.
He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh in 1911. His proposers were James Readman, Robert Tatlock, John Glaister, John James Burnet and Sir Robert Rowand Anderson.
In 1922 general election he unsuccessfully stood as the Liberal candidate for the St Rollox constituency in Glasgow. In 1923 he sold the Britannia Pottery due to a slump in domestic ceramic sales. He then became a member both of Helensburgh Town Council and Dunbartonshire County Council. He held the rank of Baillie and donated a set of bells to the town hall clock. In 1965 he is also recorded as having paid a substantial proportion of the cost of the new clubhouse at Helensburgh Golf Club.
He died on 22 October 1966 at his home, Locksley on East Abercromby Street in Helensburgh.

## Family

In 1914 he married Wilhelmina Reid, daughter of William Brand of Glasgow. They had no children.

## Publications

* Scottish Pottery (1923) (reprinted 1973)
* Flemish Influence in Britain (1930)
* Modern Glass (1931) co-written with Guilluame Janneau
* Scottish and Jacobite Glass (1938)
* Living History in Glasgow (1942)
* The Gareloch – Ancient and Modern (1947) Scotland
* Huguenot Influence in Scotland (1953) - McLellan
* Helensburgh and the Three Lochs (1957)
* Mary Guise (1960)

## Positions of note

See
* President of the Royal Glasgow Institute of Fine Arts
* Fellow of the Chemical Society of London
* Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh
* Chairman of the Royal Scottish Academy of Music
* Vice President of the Scottish Artists Benevolent Association
* Member of UNESCO
* British Representative at the Ceramic Museum of Faenza in Italy
* Church elder at St Bride’s Church, Helensburgh
* Honorary President of the Helensburgh and District Horticultural Association
* Co-founder of the Pottery Industrial Council
# Wilczynek

Wilczynek is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Puszcza Mariańska, within Żyrardów County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.
# Wolfgang Becker (director, born 1910)

Wolfgang Becker (15 May 1910 – 30 January 2005) was a German film director and film editor.

## Selected filmography
### Editor

* The Night Without Pause (1931)
* Spoiling the Game (1932)
* Spell of the Looking Glass (1932)
* The Star of Valencia (1933)
* The Country Schoolmaster (1933)
* A Door Opens (1933)
* Gold (1934)
* Love, Death and the Devil (1934)
* Frisians in Peril (1935)
* Marriage Strike (1935)
* Ninety Minute Stopover (1936)
* The Coral Princess (1937)
* Meiseken (1937)
* The Chief Witness (1937)
* The Great and the Little Love (1938)
* The Woman at the Crossroads (1938)
* Stars of Variety (1939)
* Via Mala (1945)
* And the Heavens Above Us (1947)
* The Last Illusion (1949)

### Director

* Heroism after Hours (1955)
* Rosmarie kommt aus Wildwest [de] (1956)
* Der Etappenhase [de] (1957)
* Voyage to Italy, Complete with Love (1958)
* I Was All His (1958)
* Peter Voss, Thief of Millions (1958)
* Der lustige Krieg des Hauptmann Pedro [de] (1959)
* Die letzten Drei der Albatros (1965)
* Der Tod läuft hinterher [de] (1967, TV miniseries)
* Babeck [de] (1968, TV miniseries)
* Der Kommissar (1969–1975, TV series, 18 episodes)
* Ellenbogenspiele [de] (1969)
* Hotel Royal [de] (1969, TV film)
* 11 Uhr 20 (1970, TV miniseries)
* Moonlighting Mistress [de] (1970)
* The Eddie Chapman Story (1971, TV film)
* Der kleine Doktor (1974, TV series, 6 episodes)
* Tatort: Acht Jahre später (1974, TV series episode)
* Tatort: Zweikampf (1974, TV series episode)
* Derrick (1975–1992, TV series, 11 episodes)
* Tatort: Die Abrechnung (1975, TV series episode)
* Tatort: Treffpunkt Friedhof (1975, TV series episode)
* Tatort: Fortuna III (1976, TV series episode)
* Tatort: Abendstern (1976, TV series episode)
* The Old Fox (1977–1988, TV series, 5 episodes)
* Tatort: Drei Schlingen (1977, TV series episode)
* Die Vorstadtkrokodile [de] (1977, TV film)
* Tatort: Rechnung mit einer Unbekannten (1978, TV series episode)
* Tatort: Lockruf (1978, TV series episode)
* Es begann bei Tiffany [nl] (1979, TV film)
* Von einem Tag zum anderen (1981, TV film)
* Tatort: Peggy hat Angst (1983, TV series episode)
* Damenwahl (1985, TV film)
# Okara Cantonment railway station

Okara Cantonment Railway Station (Urdu and Punjabi: اوکاڑہ کینٹ ریلوے اسٹیشن) is located in Okara cantonment, 10 km away from Okara city, Okara district of Punjab province, Pakistan.

## Incidents

On September 29, 1957, a Karachi-bound express passenger train collided at full speed with a stationary oil-tanker train before midnight, on Gambar Railway Station. 300 people were killed and 150 wounded by the accident.
# Ziomaki, Węgrów County

Ziomaki is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Grębków, within Węgrów County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.
# Digital paper

Digital paper, also known as interactive paper, is patterned paper used in conjunction with a digital pen to create handwritten digital documents. The printed dot pattern identifies the position coordinates on the paper. The digital pen uses this pattern to store handwriting and upload it to a computer.

## The paper

The dot pattern is a two-dimensional barcode; the most common is the proprietary Anoto dot pattern. In the Anoto dot pattern, the paper is divided into a grid with a spacing of about 0.3 mm, a dot is printed near each intersection offset slightly in one of four directions, a camera in the pen typically records a 6 x 6 groups of dots. The full pattern is claimed to consist of 669,845,157,115,773,458,169 dots, and to encompass an area exceeding 4.6 million km² (this corresponds to 73 trillion unique sheets of letter-size paper).
The complete pattern space is divided into various domains. These domains can be used to define paper types, or to indicate the paper's purpose (for example, memo formatting, personal planners, notebook paper, Post-it notes, et cetera).
The Anoto dot pattern can be printed onto almost any paper, using a standard printing process of at least 600 dpi resolution (some claim a required resolution of 1,000 dpi), and carbon-based black ink. The paper can be any shape or size greater than 2 mm to a side. The ink absorbs infrared light transmitted from the digital pen; the pen contains a receiver that interprets the pattern of light reflected from the paper. Other colors of ink, including non-carbon-based black, can be used to print information that will be visible to the user, and invisible to the pen.
Standard black and white laser printers or color laser printers with a resolution of 600 dpi can be used to print the Anoto dot pattern. With a typical CMYK color laser printer, it's possible use full-color text and graphics that cover the entire page by avoiding using black (i.e., under color removal is turned off) and instead use only Cyan, Magenta, Yellow, or any combination -- which are ignored by the pen -- and using the black (K component) only for the Anoto pattern.
Standard black and white laser printers or color laser printers with a resolution of 600 dpi can be used to print the DataGlyph address carpet pattern. Redundant glyph marks support recovering the correct 2D location and angular orientation, even in the presence of overprinted text and line art.
# Kudligi Assembly constituency

Kudligi Assembly constituency is one of the 224 Legislative Assembly constituencies of Karnataka in India.
It was part of Bellary district until 2 October 2021. After 2 October 2021, it became part of Vijayanagara district.
N. T. Srinivas is the current MLA from Kudligi.

## Members of the Legislative Assembly
### Madras State

| Year | Member | Party | Party |
| 1952 | Kotrabasavana Goud | | Independent |

### Mysore State

| Year | Member | Party |
| 1957 | V. Nagappa | Indian National Congress |
| 1959 | K. Doomappa | Indian National Congress |
| 1962 | V Nagappa | Independent |
| 1967 | M. M. J. Sadyojatha | Independent |
| 1972 | B. S. Veerabhadrappa | Indian National Congress |

### Karnataka

| Year | Member | Party |
| 1978 | B. S. Veerabhadrappa | Indian National Congress (Indira) |
| 1983 | K. Channabasavana Gowd | Janata Party |
| 1985 | N. T. Bommanna | Indian National Congress |
| 1989 | N. T. Bommanna | Indian National Congress |
| 1994 | N. M. Nabi | Janata Dal |
| 1999 | Siraj Sheikh | Indian National Congress |
| 2004 | Anil Lad | Bharatiya Janata Party |
| 2008 | B Nagendra | Bharatiya Janata Party |
| 2013 | B Nagendra | Independent |
| 2018 | N. Y. Gopalakrishna | Bharatiya Janata Party |
| 2023 | N. T. Srinivas | Indian National Congress |

## Election results
### 2023

Karnataka Legislative Assembly Election, 2023: Kudligi :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | INC | N. T. Srinivas | 104,753 | 63.95 | +48.62 |
| | BJP | Lokesh V. Nayaka | 50,403 | 30.77 | −2.16 |
| | JD(S) | Pujar Bheemappa | 3,138 | 1.92 | −23.90 |
| | CPI | H. Veeranna | 1,513 | 0.92 | −1.32 |
| | NOTA | None of the Above | 804 | 0.49 | −0.86 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 54,350 | 33.18 | +26.07 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 163,810 | 80.38 | +3.66 |
| | INC gain from BJP | INC gain from BJP | Swing | | |

### 2018

Karnataka Legislative Assembly Election, 2018: Kudligi :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | BJP | N. Y. Gopalakrishna | 50,085 | 32.93 |
| | JD(S) | N. T. Bommanna | 39,272 | 25.82 |
| | Independent | Lokesh. V. Nayaka | 29,514 | 19.41 |
| | INC | Raghu Gujjal | 23,316 | 15.33 |
| | CPI | H. Veeranna | 3,414 | 2.24 |
| | Sarva Janata Party | N. Basappa | 1,412 | 0.93 |
| | NOTA | None of the Above | 2,055 | 1.35 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 10,813 | 7.11 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 152,076 | 76.72 |
| | BJP gain from Independent | BJP gain from Independent | Swing | |

### 1952

1952 Madras Legislative Assembly election: Kudligi :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Independent | Kotrabasavana Goud | 20,104 | 48.90% | |
| | INC | T. M. Panchakshariah | 11,764 | 28.62% | 28.62% |
| | Independent | Chennabasappa | 9,243 | 22.48% | |
| Margin of victory | Margin of victory | Margin of victory | 8,340 | 20.29% | |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 41,111 | 55.50% | |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 74,079 | | |
| | Independent win (new seat) | Independent win (new seat) | Independent win (new seat) | Independent win (new seat) | Independent win (new seat) |
# Askow, Alberta

Askow is an unincorporated community in Alberta. It has an elevation is 700.7 m (2,299 ft). It is located at the confluence of the Bow and Oldman rivers, forming the South Saskatchewan River.
* This Southern Alberta location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
49°55′59″N 111°42′00″W﻿ / ﻿49.933°N 111.700°W﻿ / 49.933; -111.700
# Wilga, Masovian Voivodeship

Wilga is a village in Garwolin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Wilga. It lies approximately 19 kilometres (12 mi) west of Garwolin and 48 km (30 mi) south-east of Warsaw.
# Trelill

Trelill (Cornish: Traughlille) is a hamlet in North Cornwall, United Kingdom. Trelill Tunnel carries the disused railway line to Wadebridge and Trelill Wood is in the valley of the River Allen.

## History

Trelill was part of the larger St Kew parish. It was part of the estate of Plympton Priory and later the Bishop of Exeter, before the dissolution of the monasteries. For many years, the manor was held by the Molesworth family.
Cornwall was an area where Methodism had a significant impact, and by the early 19th century there were 19 Methodist members in Trelill, so that a chapel to seat 130 was built in 1812. In 1854 the chapel was in use by the United Free Methodists and a small burial ground was added in 1914. The chapel closed in 1990 and has been converted into a private dwelling although the burial ground remained in use. It is a Grade II listed building.

## Industry

To the west of Trelill village is the abandoned Trelill Quarry. Tetrahedrite has been found here, along with chert and tuff. Also nearby is the disused Trewethen Mine which had five shafts following a lode of lead-zinc for up to 260 fathoms (475 m). A second level of Antimony was also pursued here.

## Trelill railway tunnel

Trelill Tunnel is a railway tunnel on the now-closed North Cornwall Railway, which ran the Atlantic Coast Express to London, between Wadebridge and Camelford and passes directly under Trelill village. Construction of the tunnel, the only tunnel on the North Cornwall Railway commenced in 1893 and by January 1894 over 100 yards had been tunnelled into the hill. The breakthrough took place around the end of June that year and by the end of August about one third of the 333 yards (304 m) length had been opened out to the full size. The tunnel, which is built on a curve and a falling gradient towards St Kew Highway, is single-bore, but part of the agreement allowed the size to be increased to accommodate double-track although this was never required as traffic was always light. During the Second World War the tunnel was guarded by the Home Guard although the only event of any note was when a single German aircraft dropped some bombs which fell in a nearby field. The line closed on 3 October 1966 as part of Dr Beeching's railway cuts and the track removed soon after, although the tunnel was still in existence in 2020.

### Tunnel location

Download coordinates as:
* KML
* GPX (all coordinates)
* GPX (primary coordinates)
* GPX (secondary coordinates)
* North portal: 50°34′12″N 4°45′45″W﻿ / ﻿50.570073°N 4.762616°W﻿ / 50.570073; -4.762616﻿ (Trelill Tunnel north portal)
* South portal: 50°34′02″N 4°45′50″W﻿ / ﻿50.567334°N 4.763796°W﻿ / 50.567334; -4.763796﻿ (Trelill Tunnel south portal)
# Znamiączki

Znamiączki is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Długosiodło, within Wyszków County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.