OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Sylviornithidae

Sylviornithidae is an extinct family of flightless birds, known from subfossil bones found in Holocene aged deposits on the Melanesian islands of New Caledonia and Fiji. For many years it was considered a monotypic family consisting of the New Calendonia Sylviornis alone, but recent studies show that the Fijian Megavitiornis was part of this clade as well. Long considered to have galliform affinities, a 2016 study suggested that they were outside the Galliformes crown group, while a 2024 study suggested that they were members of the Galliformes crown group as more closely related to Phasianoidea than to Megapodiidae, and were most closely related to the extinct giant gastornithids.
# Anatoly Novikov

Anatoly Grigoryevich Novikov (Russian: Анато́лий Григо́рьевич Но́виков; 30 October [O.S. 18 October] 1896, Skopin – 24 September 1984, Moscow) was a Soviet and Russian composer, a choral conductor and pedagogue.

## Background

Novikov was awarded two Stalin Prizes, in 1946 and 1948. In 1970 he was bestowed the title of People's Artist of the USSR, and in 1976 was awarded the title of Hero of Socialist Labour, and the Order of Lenin. He composed such widely popular songs as "Vasya-vasilyok" (1941), "Smuglyanka" (1943), "Rossiya" (1946), "Dorogi"/"Roads" (1946), "The Hymn of Democratic Youth of the World" (1947).

## Awards and honors

* Two Stalin Prizes, 2nd class (1946, 1948)
* Honored Art Worker of the RSFSR (1947)
* Order of the Red Banner of Labour (1956)
* People's Artist of the RSFSR (1961)
* Two Orders of Lenin (1966, 1976)
* People's Artist of the USSR (1970)
* Order of the October Revolution (1971)
* Hero of Socialist Labour (1976)
# Willy Greiner

Willy Greiner (14 June 1919 – 25 February 2000) was a Norwegian politician for the Conservative Party.
He was mayor of Bærum from 1968 to 1978.
Outside of politics, he was a chief of department at Norsk Hydro.
# Yann Pivois

Yann Pivois (born 20 January 1976) is a former French professional racing cyclist. Active since 2001, his last professional race was recorded in 2011. Pivois formerly rode for Bretagne Armor Lux, then Bretagne Schuller. In late 2011, it was announced he had left Bretagne Schuller to join VS Chartres cycling club.

## Career highlights
### 2003

    2nd in Boucles Catalanes (FRA)
    3rd in Prix des Moissons (FRA)

### 2004

    1st in Prix des Moissons (FRA)
    3rd in Les Boucles de l'Artois (FRA)
    3rd in General Classification Tour du Tarn-et Garonne (FRA)

### 2005

    2nd in Tour du Doubs (FRA)

### 2008

    2nd in General Classification La Tropicale Amissa Bongo (GAB)
# William H. Wickham

William Hull Wickham (July 30, 1832 – January 13, 1893) was the 81st Mayor of New York City and an anti-Ring Democrat who helped to topple corrupt politician Boss Tweed.

## Early life

Wickham was born in Smithtown on Long Island, but was raised in New York. He was the son of Daniel H. and Ruth Wickham, who lived at 71 West 11th Street in New York.
He was a distant cousin of John Wickham, the attorney for Aaron Burr during his trial for treason. It was Burr who transformed Tammany into a political machine for the election of 1800.

## Career

Early in his career, he worked for the Pacific Mail Steamship Company and was a volunteer fireman. Wickham joined Mutual Hook and Ladder Company No. 1 in 1850 and served as foreman. In 1854, he organized the Baxter Hook and Ladder Company No. 15. He was elected Secretary of the New York Fire Department in 1858, Vice President in 1859, and President from 1860 until 1861.

### Political career

In the early 1870s, Wickham became an anti-Ring Democrat opposed to Boss Tweed of Tammany Hall. Wickham served as Chairman of the Apollo Hall Democracy, a political group that worked to bring Boss Tweed to justice. He also served on the Executive Committee of Seventy, a group formed by the public to reestablish honest government.
In 1874, Wickham was nominated by the Democrats to be Mayor of New York, with the support of a temporarily reformed Tammany Hall. He easily defeated Oswald Ottendorfer, the Independent Democratic candidate, and Salem Howe Wales, the Republican. During his two-year tenure starting in 1875, Wickham appointed William C. Whitney to be the City of New York's legal counsel to combat political fraud. Wickham also conducted fundraising for the pedestal of the Statue of Liberty.
Wickham declined to be re-nominated in 1876. He served on the Board of Education for several years and was a member of the Committee of One Hundred for New York's Columbian celebration.

## Personal life

He was married to Louise Shepard Floyd (1836–1899), the daughter of Jesse Woodhull Floyd (1787–1849) and Miami (née Shepard) Floyd (1795–1880). Together, they were the parents of a daughter:
* Louise Floyd Wickham (1858–1933), who did not marry and who attended Miss Porter's School in Farmington, Connecticut.
After the death of his sister, he adopted her three grown children, one son and two daughters, as his own, and they all lived together at his home.
He died at his home, 338 Lexington Avenue, in New York City on January 13, 1893, from heart disease along with his ailment of Bright's Disease.

### Legacy

A street in the North Bronx is named after Wickham.
# Steve Whitton

Stephen Paul Whitton (born 4 December 1960) is an English former footballer who played as a striker. He was born in East Ham, London.

## Career

In a playing career spanning 20 years (1978–1998), Whitton made more than 450 league appearances. He played in the Football League and Premier League in England, the Swedish Allsvenskan and the Hong Kong First Division League. After being forced to retire with injury he became assistant manager at Colchester United under Steve Wignall and his successor Mick Wadsworth. He went on to manage the team after Wadsworth resigned just weeks before the start of the season. He continued as manager until he left by mutual consent in early 2003.

## Managerial statistics

| Team | From | To | Record | Record | Record | Record | Record |
| Team | From | To | G | W | D | L | Win % |
| Colchester United | 28 August 1999 | 29 January 2003 | 181 | 52 | 45 | 84 | 28.7 |

## Honours

Ipswich Town
* Football League Second Division: 1991–92
Colchester United
* Football League Trophy runner-up: 1996–97
Individual
* Colchester United Player of the Year: 1994–95
# Frederic Geeson

Frederic Geeson (23 August 1862 – 2 May 1920) was an English cricketer active from 1892 to 1913 who played for Leicestershire. He was born in Redmile, however towards the end of his lifetime he taught and coached cricket at King Edward VII School (Johannesburg), until his death in 1920. He appeared in 151 first-class matches as a righthanded batsman who bowled right arm medium pace and leg spin. He scored 3,694 runs with a highest score of 104* and took 472 wickets with a best performance of eight for 110.
# Charles Godfrey Gunther

Charles Godfrey Gunther (April 7, 1822 – January 22, 1885) was mayor of New York City from 1864 until 1866.

## Early life

Gunther was born in New York on April 7, 1822, into a family of recent immigrants from Germany. His father, Christian G. Gunther, was a wealthy fur merchant, and Gunther would eventually join the family business.
Gunther was also a volunteer firefighter for many years.

## Political career

Gunther was active in Tammany Hall politics since his teenage years.
In 1861 he ran for mayor as a Democrat, but lost to Republican George Opdyke in an election fraught with Civil War complications. In 1863 Gunther ran again and was elected, serving his two-year term from 1864 until 1866.

## Later life

After leaving politics, Gunther became a railroad executive, working in that capacity until his death in New York on January 22, 1885.
He was buried in Brooklyn's Green-Wood Cemetery.
# Brodnax, Virginia

Brodnax is a town in Brunswick and Mecklenburg counties in the U.S. state of Virginia. The population was 283 at the 2020 census.

## History

Brodnax, Virginia was a stop on the Atlantic and Danville Railway. Due to Virginia Law, alcoholic spirits could not be sold on the Atlantic and Danville Railway train within 2 miles of Brodnax in 1896. The Southern Railway Company, which leased the A&D starting in 1899, made significant improvements to the passenger depot in Brodnax in 1904. Today, the Tobacco Heritage Trail runs through the town on the old Atlantic and Danville Railway.
The Church Home for Aged, Infirm and Disabled Colored People was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2004.

## Geography

Brodnax is located on the border of Brunswick and Mecklenburg counties at 36°42′12″N 78°1′54″W﻿ / ﻿36.70333°N 78.03167°W﻿ / 36.70333; -78.03167 (36.703422, −78.031570). U.S. Route 58 passes through the town, leading west 6 miles (10 km) to South Hill and Interstate 85 and east 30 miles (48 km) to Emporia and Interstate 95.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 0.71 square miles (1.84 km$^2$), of which 0.71 square miles (1.83 km$^2$) is land and 0.008 square miles (0.02 km$^2$), or 0.94%, is water.

## Demographics

At the 2000 census there were 317 people, 122 households, and 80 families living in the town. The population density was 450.1 people per square mile (173.8 people/km$^2$). There were 139 housing units at an average density of 197.4 units per square mile (76.2 units/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the town was 51.42% White and 48.58% African American. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.89%.
Of the 122 households 27.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 47.5% were married couples living together, 16.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 34.4% were non-families. 30.3% of households were one person and 18.0% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 2.60 and the average family size was 3.29.
The age distribution was 26.2% under the age of 18, 6.3% from 18 to 24, 27.8% from 25 to 44, 21.1% from 45 to 64, and 18.6% 65 or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 86.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 82.8 males.
The median household income was $24,706 and the median family income was $38,750. Males had a median income of $22,045 versus $19,250 for females. The per capita income for the town was $14,785. About 10.8% of families and 18.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 30.5% of those under age 18 and 20.3% of those age 65 or over.
# Echigo Sanzan-Tadami Quasi-National Park

Echigo Sanzan-Tadami Quasi-National Park (越後三山只見国定公園) is a Quasi-National Park in Fukushima Prefecture and Niigata Prefecture, Japan. Designated on 15 May 1973, it has an area of 86,129 ha (212,830 acres).
# Kit Paulson

Kit Paulson (born 1981, in Hinsdale, Illinois) is an American artist known for glass flamework. She attended Alfred University and Southern Illinois University Carbondale. Paulson completed residencies at Salem State University in Salem, Massachusetts, the Museum of Glass in Tacoma, Washington, and the Penland School of Craft. She has taught at Penland as well as Bild-Werk Frauenau in Bavaria, Germany. Her work, Lungs, was acquired by the Smithsonian American Art Museum as part of the Renwick Gallery's 50th Anniversary Campaign.
# Saint Magdalene Church, Ruhnu

Saint Magdalene Church, Ruhnu (Estonian: Ruhnu Püha Magdaleena kirik), also known as Ruhnu Wooden Church (Estonian: Ruhnu puukirik) is a wooden church in Ruhnu Island, Estonia. It is the oldest preserved wooden shrine in Estonia. Architecturally, it is unique in Europe.
The church was built in 1643–1644.
Next to the wooden church is located Ruhnu New Church.
# Aeronaves de Puerto Rico

Aeronaves de Puerto Rico was a short-lived Puerto Rican airline company which operated from November 1982 to 1983. The airline was initially certified to fly between Rafael Hernandez Airport in Aguadilla and the United States city of Newark, New Jersey. Later on, flights were begun from Luis Munoz Marin International Airport in San Juan to John F. Kennedy International Airport in New York, New York, using a Boeing 707 jet.
The airline's trademark, consisting of a local coqui frog inside a circle, was first filed on November 10, 1982.
An unsuccessful attempt at reviving Aeronaves with the slightly changed name of "Aeronaves de P.R." was made during 2003, and the airline has not been revived since.

## Destinations

| City | Country | IATA | ICAO | Airport |
| Aguadilla, Puerto Rico | Puerto Rico | BQN | TJBQ | Rafael Hernandez Airport |
| San Juan | Puerto Rico | SJU | TJSJ | Luis Muñoz Marín International Airport |
| Newark | United States | EWR | KEWR | Newark Liberty Airport |
| New York | United States | JFK | KJFK | John F. Kennedy International Airport |

## Fleet

* Boeing 707
# Imbrication (sedimentology)

In sedimentology, imbrication is a primary depositional fabric consisting of a preferred orientation of clasts such that they overlap one another in a consistent fashion, rather like a run of toppled dominoes. Imbrication is observed in conglomerates and in some volcaniclastic deposits.

## Types

    In conglomerates the shape of many clasts can be approximated to an ellipsoid, with a long axis (A), an intermediate axis (B) and a short axis (C).
* A-axis imbrication where the long axes of the clasts are oriented parallel to the flow direction. This fabric is characteristic of clasts carried in suspension and this is only preserved in the case of a fast-waning flow in which the clasts are deposited without any significant rolling. This fabric is typical of conglomerates at the base of turbidite beds but is also occasionally observed in alluvial fan deposits reworked by flash floods
* AB-plane imbrication where the long axes of the clasts are oriented perpendicular to the flow direction and the imbrication is of the flattened AB plane, with the intermediate axes in the flow direction. This fabric is characteristic of clasts carried as bedload. This imbrication forms as the clasts are rolled along the base of a channel. The flat clasts roll onto those downstream and come to rest with their downstream end propped up by the downstream pebbles and can be used to diagnose original flow directions.

### Relation to paleocurrent

The type of imbrication is generally related to paleoflow direction. Wadell found the long axis aligned with paleocurrent, and dipping basinward in glacial sediments, whereas deltaic gravels may be oppositely inclined.
# Mohamad Hafez

Mohamad Hafez (Arabic: محمد حافظ; born 1984) is a Syrian-American artist and architect living in the United States. His work primarily explores around the stories and dislocation of Syrian refugees.

## Early life

Hafez was born in 1984 in Syria. He emigrated to the United States in 2003, on a visa to study architecture at the University of Iowa.

## Work

Hafez is best known for his miniature diorama works, which depict daily life in Syria, which he has been creating since 2004. His 2017 work Unpacked: Refugee Baggage is a series of miniature dioramas based on interviews that conducted with refugees from the Syrian war. It is intended to humanize the refugee subjects.
In 2021, The New Yorker produced a short film on Hafez's work, directed by Jimmy Goldblum and titled A Broken House. The film later aired on the PBS series POV during the POV Shorts installment "Where I'm From."

## Selected solo exhibitions

* 2016 Refugees: Stories of Life's Dreams and Scars - Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
* 2016 Unsettled Nostalgia - The Harts Gallery, New Milford, Connecticut
* 2016 Desperate Cargo - Real Art Ways, Hartford, Connecticut
* 2016 Sea Garbage - The Athenaeum, St. Johnsbury, Vermont
* 2017 Tomorrow, when Things Have Calmed Down - Hopkins School, New Haven, Connecticut
* 2017 Facades - NHLC, New Haven, Connecticut
* 2017 HOMELAND inSECURITY - Lanoue Gallery, Boston, Massachusetts
* 2017 Critical Refuge - Whitney Humanities Center, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
* 2017 UNPACKED: Refugee Baggage - Art Space, New Haven, Connecticut
* 2017 Desperate Cargo - Greenwich Academy, Greenwich, Connecticut
* 2017 UNPACKED: Refugee Baggage - UNICEF House, New York City, New York
* 2018 Damascene Memories - Higgins Gallery, Clark University Worcester, Massachusetts
* 2018 Collateral Damage - Fairfield Art Museum, Walsh Gallery, Fairfield, Connecticut
* 2018 UNPACKED: Refugee Baggage - Christian Petersen Museum, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa
* 2019 HOMELAND inSECURITY - Cullis Wade Depot Art Gallery, Mississippi State University, Mississippi
* 2019 UNPACKED: Refugee Baggage - The Juilliard School, New York City, New York
* 2019 HOMELAND inSECURITY - Westover School, Middlebury, Connecticut
* 2019 UNPACKED: Refugee Baggage - Harris School of Public Policy, University of Chicago, Illinois
* 2019 UNPACKED: Refugee Baggage - Cullis Wade Depot Art Gallery, Mississippi State University, Mississippi
* 2019 Retrospective - Miossi Gallery at Cuesta College, San Luis Obispo, California

## Selected group exhibitions

* 2018 Syria, Then and Now: Stories from Refugees a century apart - Brooklyn Museum, Brooklyn, New York
# Dak Bungalow

Dak Bungalow or Bangalow (Hindi: Dakbangla) may refer to any of the many dak bungalows erected during the 19th century by the British Raj.
It may refer more specifically to:
* Dak Bungalow Road, thoroughfares in several Indian, Bangladeshi, and Pakistani cities
* Dak Bungalow Crossing, Patna, neighbourhood in Patna, Bihar, India
** Dak Bungalow, a stop on the Patna Metro
* Ari Bangla, a landmark in Aritar, Sikkim, India
* Quaid-e-Azam tourist lodge, Barsala, Pakistan
# Queen Gyeongsun

Queen Gyeongsun of the Munju Park clan (Korean: 경순왕후 박씨; Hanja: 敬順王后 朴氏; 1268–?) was the first wife of Yi Chun and mother of Yi Jachun who would become Joseon's founder, Yi Seonggye's father. She was posthumously honoured as Queen Gyeong (경비; 敬妣; lit. the respectful queen) at first.

## Biography

Lady Park was born in 1268 as the daughter of a Yuan dynasty's Cheonho (천호; 千戶), Park Gwang, Internal Prince Anbyeon (박광 안변부원군) who was a son of Park Tong (박통; 朴通). She later married Yi Chun with the couple having 5 sons and 2 daughters. After her death, instead of remarrying, her husband took Lady Jo (조씨), the daughter of Jo Yang-Gi (조양기), as a concubine.
On 28 July 1392, her grandson, Yi Seong-Gye (이성계) established the new dynasty, the Joseon Dynasty. As the grandmother of the king, Lady Park was given royal title of Gyeongbi (경비; 敬妣; literally: Queen Gyeong or Consort Gyeong) and later on 22 April 1411, her great-grandson, Taejong of Joseon, gave her a posthumous name Queen Gyeongsun (경순왕후; 敬順王后). Her tomb was located in Sulleung, Heungnam-si, South Hamgyeong Province.

## Family

* Father - Park Gwang (박광; 朴光; 1240–?)
* Husband - Yi Chun, Dojo of Joseon (도조 조선; 1265–1342)
* Issue
** Daughter - Princess Munhye (문혜공주; 1283–?)
** Daughter - Princess Munsuk (문숙공주; 1285–?)
** Son - Yi Ja-heung, Grand Prince Wanchang (완창대군; 1287–?)
** Son - Yi Pyeong, Grand Prince Wancheon (완천대군 이평; 1311-?)
** Son - Yi Ja-chun, Hwanjo of Joseon (환조 조선; 1313 – 3 May 1360)
** Son - Yi Ja-seon, Grand Prince Wanwon (완원대군; 1317–1356)
** Son - Yi Jong, Grand Prince Wanseong (완성대군 이종; 1320–1385)
# Kärizek District

Kärizek District (Turkmen: Kärizek etraby) is a borough of the city of Arkadag, Turkmenistan. The borough is headed by a presidentially appointed mayor (Turkmen: häkim).

## History

Kärizek Borough formed on 18 March 2023, in accordance with a decree of the Assembly of Turkmenistan. On 11 April 2023, Mekan Doglotov was appointed mayor of Kärizek Borough.
In May 2023 the Turkmenistan parliament designated the community of Aba Annaýew, constructed to house equestrians and support staff for the nearby hippodrome, a town, subordinate to the city of Arkadag and part of Kärizek Borough.
# Cemmaes

Cemmaes (Welsh: Cemaes) is a village in northern Powys, Wales, in Glantwymyn community.
The population numbered 935 in 1841, this dropped sharply between 1881 and 1891 from 946 to 729.
There was a railway station in the village on the Mawddwy Railway which connected to the main Cambrian Line at Cemmaes Road.
This is the village in which the author, George Borrow, in his 'Wild Wales' book, of 1862, describes his amusing incident, in the local pub, whilst on a walking tour. The extract was included, also, in the book 'In the Country', in 1975.
# Garreg Las

Garreg Las is a subsidiary summit of Fan Brycheiniog in the Brecon Beacons National Park (Welsh: Parc Cenedlaethol Bannau Brycheiniog) in Carmarthenshire, southern Wales. Its summit sits towards the northern end of a broad north-south ridge, Esgair Hir ("long ridge"), at 635 metres (2,083 ft) above sea level. The hill is sometimes referred to as Twyn Swnd.
A subsidiary top just over 1 kilometre (0.62 mi) to the north of the main summit is Carreg yr Ogof (meaning "rock of the cave"), whose name reflects its limestone geology. Its top, at 585 metres (1,919 ft) above sea level, is crowned by a trig point.

## Geology

Garreg Las is formed from the Twrch Sandstone, a coarse sandstone (formerly known as the Basal Grit) of the Marros Group (formerly the Millstone Grit Series) which was laid down during the Carboniferous period. Wrapped around its northern and western flanks is a narrow band of Carboniferous Limestone which gives rise to a karst landscape. The Twrch Fechan Fault defines its eastern margin and brings Old Red Sandstone rocks into contact with the limestone on this flank. A number of major shakeholes in the Basal Grit adorn these eastern flanks, one of which, known as 'Pwll Cynrig' is flooded.

## Archaeology

On the summit are two prehistoric cairns known as Carnau'r Garreg Las. A further cairn, known as Carn y Gigfran, lies a few hundred metres to the north of Carreg yr Ogof. They are likely to be of British Bronze Age date like so many of the stone barrows and cairns along the length of the Brecon Beacons. A round barrow on Fan Foel was excavated in 2002-4 and showed a date of about 2000 BC with two separate burials in the cairn. However, it was low and small compared with the large stone cairns. It is also likely that both cairns and barrows possess multiple interments, again like other cairns in the area. What makes them interesting is their great size of about 20 metre diameter, indicating their importance to the prehistoric local community.

## Access

The hill is entirely classed as open country and therefore freely available to walkers. A bridleway approaches the hill from Llanddeusant to the north and is followed in part by the Beacons Way which runs from Llangadog to Abergavenny and which continues southwards over the hill.
# Queen Heonui

Queen Heonui of the Chungju Yu clan (Korean: 헌의왕후 유씨; Hanja: 獻懿王后 劉氏) was a Goryeo royal family member as the daughter of Wang Jeong and a granddaughter of King Taejo who became a queen consort through her marriage with her first cousin, King Gyeongjong as his second wife. From this marriage, Queen Heonui became the second reigned Goryeo queen who followed her maternal clan after Queen Daemok, her mother-in-law and formerly aunt.

## In popular culture

* Portrayed by Choi Young-wan in the 2009 KBS2 TV series Empress Cheonchu.
# Anton Spelec, Sharp-Shooter

Anton Spelec, Sharp-Shooter (Czech: Anton Špelec, ostrostřelec) is a Czech comedy film directed by Martin Frič. It was released in 1932.

## Cast

* Vlasta Burian - Anton Spelec
* Růžena Šlemrová - Tereza
* Jaroslav Marvan - Kacaba
* Theodor Pištěk - Alois
* Jindřich Plachta - Kukacka
* Jirí Dréman - Chief of Sharpshooters
* Ella Nollová - Aunt Josefína
* Karel Postranecký - Rudolf's Friend
* František Kreuzmann - Vagabond
* Alexander Trebovský - Presiding Judge
* Čeněk Šlégl - Advocate
* Karel Schleichert - Member of Senate
* Viktor Nejedlý - Court Clerk
* Emanuel Hríbal - Court Attendant
* Ferdinand Jarkovský - Cellist