OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Carpathian Shepherd Dog

The Romanian Carpathian Shepherd Dog (Romanian: Ciobănesc Românesc Carpatin) is a large breed of livestock guardian dogs that originated in the Carpathian Mountains of Romania.

## History

Historically livestock guardian dogs were used by Romanian farmers, each farmer would breed the dog to his own need and there was no standard.
In 1979 a dog show in Bucharest would feature 18 dogs of the Carpatin breed, which would become the Carpathian Shepherd Dog. Following this the standard would be modified until the current standard was finalised.
In March 1998, a group of fans of the Carpathian Shepherd Dog founded the Carpathian Shepherd Dogs Club. The club was later renamed the National Club of Carpathian Shepherd Dog Breeders. The club observed that there many Carpathians in Rucăr, Argeș County that are considered ancestors of today's Carpathians.
A conference on the factors involved in the Romanian breeds took place in Bistrița in March 2003. The provisional homologation of the Carpathian Shepherd Dog was approved on July 6, 2005 in Buenos Aires, and it was fully recognized by the FCI in 2015.
# Naphthylamine

Naphthylamine or aminonaphthalene can refer to either of two isomeric chemical compounds:
* 1-Naphthylamine (1-aminonaphthalene)
* 2-Naphthylamine (2-aminonaphthalene)
# Burundi Rugby Federation

The Burundi Rugby Federation (French: Fédération Burundaise de Rugby) is the governing body for rugby union in Burundi. It is a member of Rugby Africa and became a full member of World Rugby in 2021.
# Mohamed Mamoun

Mohamed Mamoun (born 15 October 1981) is an Egyptian former professional tennis player.
Born in Cairo, Mamoun was attached to the city's Heliopolis Club and made his debut for the Egypt Davis Cup team in 2001. He had a best singles world ranking of 272, with two ITF Futures title wins. In 2007 he was a semi-finalist at the Samarkand Challenger and finished runner-up to Lamine Ouahab at the All-Africa Games in Algiers. He made his final Davis Cup appearance for Egypt in 2009 and later served as team captain.

## ITF Futures finals
### Singles: 7 (2–5)

| Result | W–L | Date | Tournament | Surface | Opponent | Score |
| Loss | 0–1 | Sep 2003 | Kenya F1, Mombasa | Hard | Wesley Whitehouse | 5–7, 6–2, 6–7$^{(6)}$ |
| Loss | 0–2 | May 2006 | Kuwait F1, Mishref | Hard | Marco Chiudinelli | 0–6, 2–6 |
| Loss | 0–3 | Jun 2006 | Tunisia F3A, Carthage | Clay | Rabie Chaki | 1–6, 2–6 |
| Win | 1–3 | Nov 2006 | Tunisia F4, Sfax | Hard | Alexandros Jakupovic | 1–6, 7–6$^{(5)}$, 7–5 |
| Loss | 1–4 | Apr 2007 | Egypt F2, Cairo | Clay | Laurent Recouderc | 4–6, 3–6 |
| Loss | 1–5 | Sep 2007 | Egypt F7, Cairo | Clay | Sherif Sabry | 0–6, 6–4, 2–6 |
| Win | 2–5 | Sep 2007 | Egypt F8, Heliopolis | Clay | Karim Maamoun | 6–3, 6–2 |

### Doubles: 15 (8–7)

| Result | W–L | Date | Tournament | Surface | Partner | Opponents | Score |
| Loss | 0–1 | Jun 2002 | Morocco F3, Agadir | Clay | Karim Maamoun | Jun Kato Mike Scheidweiler | 0–6, 2–6 |
| Win | 1–1 | Jul 2002 | Egypt F1, Dokki | Clay | Karim Maamoun | Dušan Karol Benedikt Stronk | 6–3, 3–6, 6–3 |
| Win | 2–1 | Jul 2002 | Serbia & Montenegro F5, Belgrade | Clay | Stéphane Robert | Nikola Ćirić Goran Tošić | 7–5, 6–2 |
| Loss | 2–2 | Mar 2003 | France F8, Melun | Carpet | Karim Maamoun | Michael Lammer Roman Valent | w/o |
| Win | 3–2 | Aug 2003 | Egypt F1, Cairo | Clay | Karim Maamoun | Jalal Chafai Talal Ouahabi | 6–4, 6–3 |
| Loss | 3–3 | Jan 2004 | Qatar F1A, Doha | Hard | Karim Maamoun | Philipp Petzschner Lars Uebel | 6–4, 3–6, 4–6 |
| Loss | 3–4 | Aug 2004 | Romania F13, Arad | Clay | Karim Maamoun | Cătălin-Ionuț Gârd Andrei Mlendea | 6–3, 4–6, 6–7$^{(4)}$ |
| Win | 4–4 | Sep 2007 | Egypt F6, Heliopolis | Clay | Karim Maamoun | Mahmoud Ezz Sherif Sabry | 6–3, 6–4 |
| Win | 5–4 | Sep 2007 | Egypt F7, Cairo | Clay | Sherif Sabry | Reda El Amrani Younès Rachidi | 7–6$^{(0)}$, 6–2 |
| Win | 6–4 | Sep 2007 | Egypt F8, Heliopolis | Clay | Karim Maamoun | Reda El Amrani Younès Rachidi | 6–4, 6–3 |
| Win | 7–4 | Jun 2008 | Iran F1, Tehran | Clay | Alexey Kedryuk | Haluk Akkoyun Ergün Zorlu | 6–4, 7–6$^{(2)}$ |
| Win | 8–4 | Jun 2008 | Iran F2, Tehran | Clay | Alexey Kedryuk | Rohan Gajjar Murad Inoyatov | 6–0, 7–6$^{(3)}$ |
| Loss | 8–5 | Mar 2009 | Egypt F4, 6th of October | Clay | Predrag Rusevski | Mounir El Aarej Talal Ouahabi | 4–6, 6–4, [11–13] |
| Loss | 8–6 | Apr 2009 | Egypt F6, Cairo | Clay | Predrag Rusevski | Teodor-Dacian Crăciun Karim Maamoun | w/o |
| Loss | 8–7 | Jun 2009 | Egypt F9, Giza | Clay | Talal Ouahabi | Karim Maamoun Sherif Sabry | 6–3, 1–6, [3–10] |
# La Sandunga

"La Sandunga" (also spelled "La Zandunga") is a traditional Mexican waltz and the unofficial anthem of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec, in the state of Oaxaca. It is inspired by the Spanish jota style of music and also contains Native American and Mestizo elements. Sandunga is a rarely used word in the Spanish language that can be translated in a variety of ways including; gracefulness, elegance, charm, wit, and celebration. The melody of the song is believed to have originated from Andalusia and it was rearranged by Zapotec musician Andres Gutierrez Ndre Sa’a in the Zapotec language). The lyrics were written by Máximo Ramó Ortiz in 1853 after the death of his mother. Ortiz, who served as governor of Tehuantepec also wrote the song in part to promote independence of the isthmus from the Mexican government. The song tells of a Zapotec woman mourning the death of her mother while crying out, "Sandunga".

## Vela Sandunga

The city of Tehuantepec is divided into neighborhoods called barrios, each of which has its own church. Every year celebrations called velas are held in honor of the patron saints of these churches. The most important of these velas is the Vela Sandunga, which is held during the last week of May. This vela is celebrated all week long throughout the entire city and is held to commemorate the creation of this song. A large festival is held, featuring presentations of musicians from the Conservatoire de Paris, the election of a festival queen, and a parade dedicated to the evolution of Tehuantepec traditional dress. The vela concludes with a procession in honor of Saint Dominic, the patron saint of the Isthmus.

## Notable Versions

"La Sandunga" has been covered by many artists including Chavela Vargas, Jaramar, Lila Downs, Susana Harp, Los de Abajo,Guadalupe Pineda, and Raphael.
As early as 1946 it was recorded in the United States by the Viva America Orchestra as conducted by Alfredo Antonini with Elsa Miranda and John Serry Sr. for Alpha records (Latin American Music #12205A, 12205B, 12206A,12206B).

## Film and television

A 1938 Mexican film titled "La Zandunga" featured this song in its soundtrack. Another from 1954, called Sandunga Para Tres, also featured the song, and uses documentary footage of the 1953 celebrations in Tehuantepec to commemorate the 100th anniversary of the song's composition.
The song is used in the "Sandunga" segment of Sergei Eisenstein's unfinished film project "¡Qué viva México!"
The song is sung and danced to by Carmen Molina in the 1944 Disney film "The Three Caballeros".
In a 1989 episode of The Benny Hill Show, Hill performs his song "Cafe Ole," which is set to the music of "La Sandunga"
A version of this song is played in the film “The Alamo (2004 film)” during Jim Bowie’s wedding scene.
The song is heard multiple times during Netflix's "Chef's Table" Season 2 Episode 4 featuring Enrique Olvera and his Mexico City restaurant Pujol.
The song is heard in the Pixar feature animated film "Coco".
# Bidzhan

The Bidzhan (Russian: Биджан) is a river in the Jewish Autonomous Oblast, Russia. Bidzhan comes from the Tungusic word "Bidzen", meaning "Permanent settlement"). The river is about 274 kilometres (170 mi) long, the width 30–60 m (98–197 ft) wide and 1.5–7 m (4.9–23.0 ft) deep. Bidzhan is formed by the confluence of the source rivers Pravyy Bidzhan and Levyy Bidzhan in the Lesser Khingan and runs from there from north to south and ends up flowing along the larger river Amur. Birobidzhan, the administrative center of the Jewish Autonomous Oblast, is partly named after the river.
# Royal field with the monument to Přemysl the Ploughman

Royal field with the monument to Přemysl the Ploughman (Czech: Královské pole s pomníkem Přemysla Oráče) is a Czech national cultural monument (declared as such in 1962). It is composed of the Royal field and the monument to Přemysl the Ploughman erected on the Royal field. It is located near the village Stadice, six kilometres southwest of Ústí nad Labem.

## Royal field

The Royal field is a historical place on which according to the legend Přemysl the Ploughman was called to become the ruler of the Czech state. Measurements of the Royal field served in the Middle Ages as a basis of the Czech field pole (Czech: česká polní míra).

## Monument to Přemysl the Ploughman

In 1841 count Nostitz erected on the Royal field the monument to Přemysl the Ploughman. The monument was proposed by architect F. Staumann. It is composed of a stone pedestal on the top of which a plough made of cast iron is situated. In the front and the back of the pedestal there are iron reliefs by Josef Max depicting encounter of Přemysl the Ploughman with the delegation of princess Libuše and his arrival to Vyšehrad. On the left side of the pedestal there is an inscription „ZDE OD PLUHU PŘEMYSL k WÉWODSTWJ POWOLÁN. WZDĚLANY MDCCCXLI.“ ("Here from the plough Přemysl called to rule. Done MDCCCXLI."). In 1945, an inscription was added on the right side of the pedestal: „VLÁDA VRÁTILA SE DO RUKOU TVÝCH, Ó LIDE ČESKÝ. 1945“ ("The rule has returned to your hands, O Czech people. 1945").
50°36′51″N 13°57′47″E﻿ / ﻿50.61417°N 13.96306°E﻿ / 50.61417; 13.96306
# Preobrazhensky (rural locality)

Preobrazhensky (Russian: Преображенский; masculine), Preobrazhenskaya (Преображенская; feminine), or Preobrazhenskoye (Преображенское; neuter) is the name of several rural localities in Russia:
* Preobrazhensky, Krasnoyarsk Krai, a settlement in Nazarovsky District of Krasnoyarsk Krai
* Preobrazhensky, Novosibirsk Oblast, a settlement in Chulymsky District of Novosibirsk Oblast
* Preobrazhensky, name of several other rural localities
* Preobrazhenskaya, Republic of Bashkortostan, a village in Iglinsky District of the Republic of Bashkortostan
* Preobrazhenskaya, Volgograd Oblast, a stanitsa in Kikvidzensky District of Volgograd Oblast
* Preobrazhenskaya, name of several other rural localities
* Preobrazhenskoye, Republic of Adygea, a selo in Krasnogvardeysky District of the Republic of Adygea
* Preobrazhenskoye, Ivanovo Oblast, a selo in Yuzhsky District of Ivanovo Oblast
* Preobrazhenskoye, name of several other rural localities
# Berthellina citrina

Berthellina citrina, or the orange gumdrop, is a species of sea slug in the family Pleurobranchidae. It is found in rock pools in the intertidal zone and in shallow water in the tropical and subtropical Indo-Pacific region.

## Description

Berthellina citrina grows to a maximum length of about 3 cm (1.2 in) and has a broadly ovate body. It varies in colour from a translucent pale yellow to a brick red. The head bears a triangular oral veil with a ventral groove, and a pair of rhinophores rolled into tubes. The surface of the mantle is studded with small white glands which produce a distasteful whitish secretion. The remnants of the shell are embedded in the mantle and the gut is visible through the overlying tissues. There is a single gill located in a gap between the mantle and the foot on the right-hand side, with around twenty pectinate lamellae on each side.

## Distribution and habitat

Berthellina citrina is a common species found throughout the tropical and subtropical Indo-Pacific, and as far south as New Zealand. As well as being found in rock pools, it occurs on reefs and among boulders in the shallow subtidal zone, and down to a maximum depth of 150 m (500 ft). It is nocturnal and hides in crevices and under rocks during the day.

## Ecology

Sea slugs in this family mostly feed on sponges, and Berthellina citrina is no exception. In Hawaii, however, it has been observed feeding on the corals Tubastrea coccinea, Leptastrea sp. and Porites lobata, and it also consumes detritus. The glandular secretion is released when the mantle surface is stimulated and is acidic, containing chlorine and sulphate ions. It is used as a defence against predators, and in laboratory experiments repelled sea anemones, fish, and crustaceans. Sea slugs in the Pleurobranchidae are hermaphrodites. The eggs are laid in an orange spiral jelly-like egg ribbon.
# The Gay Shoe Clerk

The Gay Shoe Clerk is a 1903 silent short film directed by Edwin S. Porter. The film depicts a risqué comic encounter between a clerk and his female customer while she is trying on shoes.

## Plot

In the film, a young woman enters the shoe store, accompanied by an elderly companion. While the older woman settles down in a chair to read, the young customer sits in the shoe demonstration chair and raises her foot. The customer selects a high-heeled slipper, and the eager clerk removes her shoe, and puts on the new shoe. The shot changes to a close-up of the young woman's ankle as the clerk ties her laces. The woman's skirt rises slowly, revealing her ankle and her leg. The camera returns to a wide shot, and we see the clerk lean in to kiss the customer, which she happily returns. Seeing their embrace, the elderly woman stands up, and beats the clerk over the head with her umbrella. The film ends as the clerk flees, and the old woman ushers the young woman out of the store.

## Production

The structure of the short builds on the example of two other films: Biograph's No Liberties, Please (1902), which similarly featured a young man being punished for his fresh behavior in a public place, and George Albert Smith's As Seen Through a Telescope (1900), which used an insert shot to represent what one of the characters can see.
While the insert shot draws the audience's attention to the customer's shapely ankle, it does not represent what the shoe clerk sees. It's shot from the side, preserving the point of view of the theater audience.

## Reception

Film historian Charles Musser observes that the film validates the male gaze: "True, the young man not only sees but touches and even kisses the young lady, but his transgression is promptly greeted by a bash on the head from the chaperone. Meanwhile, the male spectator enjoys the woman's ankle and the shoe clerk's chastisement... Cinema, by removing the spectator's physical presence from the scene, allows the (male) viewer to take pleasure in what is otherwise forbidden."
Critic Tom Pollard says, "The film's seemingly innocuous format prevented local censors from doing much damage, yet it evoked sexuality... [This and similar films] evoke Victorian-era taboos while revealing the limits of permissible filmmaking at the time. They reveal a society deep in the throes of social conflict over the limits of sexuality."
# Psyllobora vigintimaculata

Psyllobora vigintimaculata, the twenty-spotted lady beetle, is a species of lady beetle in the family Coccinellidae. It is found in North America.

## Appearance

P. vigintimaculata is about 1.75–3.0 mm in length, lives 1-2 years, and has four or five distinctive dark spots on the pronotum in an "M" shape. The elytra have dark, orange or bicolored spots on a white background. Although it is sometimes confused with the fourteen-spotted lady beetle (Propylea quatuordecimpunctata) and the Asian lady beetle (Harmonia axyridis), its unique pattern helps to distinguish it from other lady beetle species found in North America.

## Life cycle

In a laboratory setting, the subspecies P. vigintimaculata taedata undergoes four larval instars, molting and then pupation. The timing of life cycle varies according to rearing conditions.

### Instars and pupation

The first instar larvae has a white oval body with small hairs projecting from the thorax. The larvae of the second instar have a stripe and a much darker color that gradually turns lighter with each subsequent instar. During the end of the fourth instar, the larvae attaches itself to a leaf or a petiole to molt. Pupae emerge with wing pads as well as black spots.

### Duration

When eggs were deposited in 20°C it took about 32 days for adults to emerge. At 25°C it took about 20 days.

## Potential as biological control

It has been proposed that P. vigintimaculata could be used in place of fungicides as a biological control. This is because of its ability to utilize olfactory cues to seek out and feed on plants infected with powdery mildew, which is an agriculturally significant plant parasite. For example, P. Vigintimaculata was also involved in an experiment with a group of organisms that are predators of the pests that consume and damage the Jatropha Curcas crop grown in Brazil. Although it was shown that they don’t include the pests as often in their diet than other organisms, they did prove the importance of predator response in prey density that ultimately decides the survivorship of the J. Curcas crop. This could help solve problems associated with current control methods like resistance, effect on non-target plants, and worker's safety. However, arthropod consumption of mildew and its potential for disease control is understudied. Some important considerations involve insect and mildew density, ability to locate food as well as seasonality of feeding.

## Parasitism
### Hesperomyces virescens

The fungal parasite Hesperomyces virescens Thaxter has been reported to infect P. vigintimaculata. More recent work has suggested that this parasite consists of multiple species, one per host, though the species living on P. vigintimaculata has not yet been formally described. The level of harm that the parasite causes to its host is unclear.
# Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cattleyae

Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cattleyae is a fungal plant pathogen.
# Dead Horse Point State Park

Dead Horse Point State Park is a state park in San Juan County, Utah in the United States, featuring a dramatic overlook of the Colorado River and Canyonlands National Park. The park opened to the public in 1959 and covers 5,362 acres (2,170 ha) of high desert at an altitude of 5,900 feet (1,800 m).

## Nature

The plants and animals of Dead Horse Point have adapted to a land of scarce water and extreme temperatures.

### Animals

Mule deer, coyote and Hopi chipmunk live in the park.

### Flora

Plants grow slowly due to the extreme conditions and usually have small leaves with a waxy coating to reduce evaporation. Some plants in the park include singleleaf ash, cliffrose, Utah juniper, Mormon tea, blackbrush, claret cup cactus, pinyon pine and narrowleaf yucca.

## Amenities

The park has several overlooks, a visitor center, and picnic areas. The Kayenta Campground has 21 RV campsites with electricity and tent pads. The Wingate Campground features 4 yurts, 20 RV campsites and 11 hike-in tent-only sites. There are five additional yurts at the Moenkopi Yurt area. A coffee shop serves food and beverages.
Dead Horse Point State Park features an 8-mile (13 km) hiking trail that includes loops and overlooks on the East Rim Trail and the West Rim Trail. The Intrepid Trail System contains 17 miles of single-track mountain bike trails with loops of varying levels of difficulty. Bikes are also allowed single-file on paved roads.
Hunting is not allowed in the park. Safety concerns include the relative isolation of the park (gas, food and medical care are over 30 miles (48 km) away in Moab), lightning danger and unfenced cliffs.

## Dead Horse Point name

According to legend, the park is so named because of its use as a natural corral by cowboys in the 19th century, where horses often died of exposure. Dead Horse Point has frequently been noted on lists of unusual place names.

## Film and television

* Against a Crooked Sky (1975)
* Choke Canyon (1986)
* Con Air (1997)
* Joe Dirt (2001)
* John Carter (2012)
* MacGyver (1985)
* Mission: Impossible 2 (2000)
* Rio Conchos (1964)
* The Comancheros (1961)
* Touched by an Angel (2001)
* Warlock (1959)
* Westworld (2016)
* Thelma & Louise (1991)
# Name days in Slovakia

In Slovakia, each day of the year corresponds to a personal name (the original list was the Roman Catholic calendar of saints). People celebrate their name days (Slovak:meniny) on the date corresponding to their own given names. Slovak culture has accorded similar importance to a person's name day to his or her birthday.
The list of the names assigned to the corresponding date is normally published in the calendar. However, there are only one or two names listed in the calendar, even if more names are assigned to a date. The names in bold are listed in the calendar, the others are not. Children in Slovakia usually have names from this list. The most notable exceptions are the names in minority languages (such as Hungarian names) or a foreign name.
# Payambar Azam Arena

The Payambar Azam Arena (Persian: مجموعه ورزشگاه پیامبر اعظم) is an indoor arena in Amol, Iran.

## Event

* 2007 WAFF Futsal Championship
* Martial qualifiers Iran 2008-2009-2010-2011
# Vastegan

Vastegan or Vestegan (Persian: وستگان) may refer to:
* Vastegan, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari
* Vestegan, Isfahan
# Shivyar

Shivyar (Persian: شيويار) may refer to:
* Shivyar, Charuymaq
* Shivyar, Meyaneh
# Nökör

The term nökör (Mongolian: нөхөр comrade, companion, friend) was applied in the time of Genghis Khan to soldiers who abandoned their family ties and devoted themselves exclusively to their leader. The nature of their bond to the leader was of friendship or individual pledges, rather than hereditary obligations. They were valiant and loyal fighters. Many of the most prominent generals of Genghis Khan were nökhör.
Today the term is used more loosely. Derivatives of the term are found in several languages, including Azerbaijani (nökər), Armenian (նոքար nokʽar), Persian (نوکر nokar), Hindustani (نَوکَر‎/नौकर naukar), Bengali (নওকর nôukôr) and Hungarian (nyögér).