OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Fruit snack

A fruit snack is a type of gummy snack made with fruit flavoring and natural gelatin. They were first made by confectioner Louis Shalhoub in the 1970s as a lightweight high energy snack food for backpackers. Although they are often marketed as a healthier alternative to regular gummy candies, the veracity of these claims is disputed, as fruit snacks typically contain fruit flavoring instead of actual fruit.

## History

The first modern fruit snack was Joray Fruit Rolls, which were developed by confectioner Louis Shalhoub in the 1970s. It was used by backpackers as a lightweight, high-energy food.
The name fruit snack was first used in 1983 by General Mills, which they used to describe their version of Shalhoub's product, Fruit Roll-Ups.
By the mid-1980s, the fruit snack was a multimillion-dollar business. However, sales peaked in 2013 and declined over the next few years.

## Nutrition

More than half the weight of the fruit snacks is simple sugars. They also contain an average of 12% water by weight, 25% starch, a small amount of fat, and a negligible amount of protein.
The nutritional value or content of fruit snacks has long been contested. Much of the controversy surrounds the nutritional value, especially surrounding its sugar content, which is found in large amounts in some fruit snacks.
Despite the overall lack of nutritional value, most fruit snacks have a considerable portion of Vitamin C but tend to be lacking in most other micronutrients.

## Lawsuits

In some cases, manufactures of fruit snacks have faced class-action lawsuits over their marketing claims that fruit snacks are "healthy."
* In 2015, two women, Plaintiffs Aliza Atik and Winnie Lau, filed a class-action lawsuit in New York against Welch's Fruit Snacks, alleging illegal supplementation with vitamins, in violation of the jelly bean rule. The jellybean rule prohibits food manufacturers from deceiving consumers into buying candy by adding vitamins and marketing the candy as a healthful food. The licensed manufacturer replied that the complaint is without merit, "It is a fact that fruit, whether in the form of juices or more recently purees, has always been the first ingredient in Welch’s Fruit Snacks. Our labeling is truthful and gives consumers the information they need to make informed decisions.” The case was voluntarily dismissed in 2017.
* In 2017, another person filed a class-action lawsuit in New Jersey against Welch's Fruit Snacks, alleging that the snack food is marketed as being more healthful than similar products despite being nutritionally similar to candy.
# Usulután Department

Usulután (Spanish pronunciation:; from the Nawat language, meaning "city of the ocelots") is a department of El Salvador in the southeast of the country (Lenca region). The capital is Usulután.
Created on June 22, 1865, it is El Salvador's largest department. It has an area of 2,130 km².
On October 26, 1948, the Alegria district was abolished and a new one called Santiago de Maria was created; it contains the cities of Santiago de Maria, which is the main city, as well as Alegria, Tecapan and California.
The city of Usulutan, the department's capital, was founded by the Lenca tribes but it was conquered by the Pipil tribes. Some of the best beaches in El Salvador are located in Usulutan, and others such as El Espino are now under development. For its high migration of its residents to the United States, it is known as Shulton city.
The department is home to Jiquilisco Bay and Puerto El Triunfo.
Bosque Nancuchiname is a forest of the Usulután Department, framing the eastern bank of the Lempa River and the town of El Zamoran on its southeastern border.

## Municipalities

* Usulután Este
* Usulután Norte
* Usulután Oeste

## Districts

* Alegría
* Berlín
* California
* Concepción Batres
* El Triunfo
* Ereguayquín
* Estanzuelas
* Jiquilisco
* Jucuapa
* Jucuarán
* Mercedes Umaña
* Nueva Granada
* Ozatlán
* Puerto El Triunfo
* San Agustín
* San Buenaventura
* San Dionisio
* San Francisco Javier
* Santa Elena
* Santa María
* Santiago de María
* Tecapán
* Usulután
# Kunzea bracteolata

Kunzea bracteolata is a plant in the myrtle family found north of Glen Innes in northern New South Wales and in southern Queensland. It is a small shrub with spreading branches, small elliptic leaves and strongly scented white flowers on the ends of the branches in late spring.

## Description

Kunzea bracteolata is a shrub which grows to a height of about 1 m (3 ft) with branches up to 2 m (7 ft) long and hairy when young. The leaves are bright green and elliptic in shape, 4–9 mm (0.2–0.4 in) long, about 2 mm (0.08 in) wide on a stalk less than 1 mm (0.04 in) long. The leaves are covered with fine hairs when young and only the mid-vein is obvious. The flowers are white, have a strong honey-scent and are arranged in clusters on the ends of the branches. The sepals are triangular, about 2 mm (0.08 in) long and the petals are a similar length but the stamens are about twice as long. Flowering occurs from October to December and is followed by the fruit which is about 3 mm (0.1 in) long and wide.

## Taxonomy and naming

Kunzea bracteolata was first formally described in 1905 by Joseph Maiden and Ernst Betche and the description was published in Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales. The type specimen was collected in 1904 by John Boorman, who collected widely for the Sydney Botanic Gardens. The specific epithet (bracteolata) is a Latin word meaning "overlaid with scales".

## Distribution and habitat

This kunzea grows in forest on granite in scattered populations north from Glen Innes to southern Queensland. There is a large population in the Gibraltar Range National Park.

## Use in horticulture

Kunzea bracteolata has profuse, conspicuous, scented white flowers which are visited by many insects. The plant can be propagated from cuttings, is frost tolerant and drought tolerant when established but benefits from being pruned to maintain its shape.
# Rudolf Schlechter

Friedrich Richard Rudolf Schlechter (16 October 1872 – 16 November 1925) was a German taxonomist, botanist, and author of several works on orchids.
He went on botanical expeditions in Africa, Indonesia, New Guinea, South and Central America and Australia.
His vast herbarium was destroyed during the bombing of Berlin in 1945.

## Early life

Rudolf Schlechter was born on 16 October 1872 in Berlin, the third of six children. His father Hugo Schlechter was a lithographer. After finishing school at the Friedrich Wilhelm Gymnasium he started a horticulture education, first at a gardening market, later at the University of Berlin garden. There he worked as an assistant till the autumn of 1891. His brother was Max Schlechter (1874–1960), was a German trader and collector of natural history specimens.

## Career

Schlechter began his career of botanical fieldwork by leaving Europe in 1891 to journey to Africa and subsequently across Indonesia and Australia. Throughout his career he has focused on expanding his research collection of orchids. He was a leader of expeditions in German Africa, investigating the Caoutchouc industry, but continually collecting plant specimens. He also lived extensively in German New Guinea in the first decade of the new century. Before World War I he settled in Berlin, marrying his wife Alexandra Schlechter and becoming curator of Berlin's botanical garden in Dahlem. He is estimated to have proposed one thousand new species in the family Orchidaceae alone. In his 1901-1902 expedition he discovered 230 orchid species, while on his 1907-1910 expedition he discovered 1,100 additional orchid species.

## Works

* Die Orchideen von Deutsch-Neu-Guinea, 1914
* Die Orchideen, ihre Beschreibung, Kultur und Züchtung, 1915
* Orchideologiae sino-japonicae prodromus, 1919
* Orchidaceae Powellianae Panamenses, 1922
* Die Orchideenflora der südamerikanischen Kordillerenstaaten (written with Rudolf Mansfeld), 1919–1929
* Monographie und Iconographie der Orchideen Europas und des Mittelmeergebietes (written with G. Keller), 1925–1943
* Blütenanalysen neuer Orchideen (published by R. Mansfeld), 1930–1934

## Honours

Several genera of plants have been named in his honour, Schlechterella (in the Apocynaceae family),Schlechterina (in the Passifloraceae family), and also Rudolfiella Hoehne, (in the Orchidaceae family).
# Nir District

Nir District (Persian: بخش نیر) is in Taft County, Yazd province, Iran. Its capital is the city of Nir.

## History

After the 2006 National Census, Garizat and Kahduiyeh Rural Districts were separated from the district in the formation of Garizat District.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2006 census, the district's population was 14,531 in 4,417 households. The following census in 2011 counted 7,178 people in 2,470 households. The 2016 census measured the population of the rural district as 6,625 inhabitants in 2,517 households.

### Administrative divisions

Nir District Population :
| Administrative Divisions | 2006 | 2011 | 2016 |
| Banadkuk RD | 2,010 | 1,881 | 1,500 |
| Garizat RD | 5,558 | | |
| Kahduiyeh RD | 1,133 | | |
| Sakhvid RD | 1,747 | 1,766 | 1,420 |
| Zardeyn RD | 2,516 | 1,911 | 1,965 |
| Nir (city) | 1,567 | 1,620 | 1,740 |
| Total | 14,531 | 7,178 | 6,625 |
| RD = Rural District ||||
# Nina Childress

Nina Childress (born Christine Childress, 1961) is a French-American visual artist, based in Paris, France.

## Life and work

Born in Pasadena, California, United States, she studied in Paris at the Ecole National Supérieure des Arts Décoratifs (ENSAD). At the end of the 1970s, she took an active part in the French punk movement with her group, Lucrate Milk. She started painting at the same time and, from 1985 to 1989, joined the street artist collective Les Frères Ripoulin.
Her work has been shown internationally in museums, art centers and galleries. In 2012, the Museum d'art moderne et contemporain (Geneva) held a major exhibition of her paintings. In 2013, the Palais de Tokyo commissioned her Green Curtain: a large in-situ installation for the entrance of the museum.
Childress teaches painting at the École nationale supérieure des Beaux-Arts since 2019. She was teaching before at the École nationale supérieure d’art (ENSA) in Nancy, France.
# Larry Fairholm

Lawrence D. "Larry" Fairholm (born December 15, 1941) is a former all-star Canadian Football League safety.

## Junior and college football

Fairholm first played football with a Quebec junior team, the Rosemont Bombers, which led to an opportunity to play college ball with the University of Arizona. In 1964, he was second on the Wildcats with 3 interceptions for 43 yards and one touchdown.

## Montreal Alouettes

Turning pro in his hometown with the Montreal Alouettes, Fairholm had an 8-year career from 1965 to 1972, in which he did not miss a single game, a total of 112 regular season games. Over this period, Fairholm intercepted 19 passes, returning one for a TD, and returned 2 fumbles for TDs. His best year was 1969, when he picked off 5 passes. He was also a steady punt returner in the days when they were not protected by blocking rules. Chosen as an all-star in both 1968 and 1969, he also won the Jeff Russel Memorial Trophy in 1968 as the Eastern conference MVP in the CFL. His superior play at safety was one of the main reasons the Alouettes won the 58th Grey Cup championship over the Calgary Stampeders.
He has fond memories of his time with the Als:
    "I was from the East End of Montreal, kind of a lower-middle-class neighbourhood that was very close-knit. I know the people of Montreal and I know their sentiments so it was a privilege to have that opportunity to come back and play in front of them and for my hometown. Not many kids get that opportunity."

## Personal information

He was married to Joyce Edna Marie Sweet (1942-2023) and they had three children - Jeff Fairholm, a CFL receiver and Grey Cup champion, Randy and a daughter Joy. He also has seven grandchildren.
He is retired and now lives in Port Credit, Ontario. He also lived in Ile Bizard in Montreal. He is a former board member of DIRTT Environmental Solutions as well as the Lakeshore General Hospital Foundation. He was a long standing member at Royal Montreal.
# Dorcatoma dresdensis

Dorcatoma dresdensis is a species of beetle in the family Ptinidae.
Like others of its genus, this beetle lives in dead wood infested with fungi. It has been noted on several species, including Fomes fomentarius on birch and alder wood, Inonotus radiatus on alder and hazel and Inonotus rheades on aspen, Ganoderma applanatum on lime wood, and many species of Phellinus.
This species was first recorded as being present in Northern Ireland in 2009.
# Andrew Leslie (footballer)

Andrew Robertson Leslie was a Scottish amateur footballer who played as a wing half in the Scottish League for Queen's Park.

## Personal life

As of 1911, Leslie was an apprentice engineer. Leslie served as a lance corporal in the Highland Light Infantry during the First World War and was wounded in August 1916. He was later commissioned as a second lieutenant in the London Regiment.

## Career statistics

Appearances and goals by club, season and competition :
| Club | Season | League | League | League | National Cup | National Cup | Other | Other | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Queen's Park | 1914–15 | Scottish First Division | 3 | 0 | — | — | 1 | 0 | 4 | 0 |
| Queen's Park | 1915–16 | Scottish First Division | 4 | 0 | — | — | 1 | 0 | 5 | 0 |
| Queen's Park | 1917–18 | Scottish First Division | 1 | 0 | — | — | 1 | 0 | 2 | 0 |
| Queen's Park | 1918–19 | Scottish First Division | 2 | 0 | — | — | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 10 | 0 | — | — | 3 | 0 | 13 | 0 |
* ↑ Appearance in Glasgow Merchants Charity Cup
* 1 2 Appearance in Glasgow Cup
# Norman Mapp

John Norman Mapp (1928–1988) was a jazz vocalist, lyricist and composer.

## Biography

Mapp was born to John Offir Mapp and Frances Edwina Carter Mapp; and raised in Queens, New York. He was married to Marilyn Patricia Folk Lewis Mapp, and was the father of four sons, one daughter and one stepson, David (aka David P Newman), John, Brian, Eric, Robin and Norman A. Lewis, respectively. He started his music career as a singer with the U.S. Army band during World War II while stationed in Europe. He returned home a disabled veteran, after his honorable discharge.
Dinah Washington, after an evening of performing, went into a Harlem night club to hear Mapp sing at his debut, and she adopted him as her protégé, encouraged him to continue singing and writing songs, and helped him start his career as a soloist and big-band musician.
In February 1988 upon Mapp's death at age 59, Anthony Scaduto wrote Mapp's obituary for New York Newsday 1988 and quoted Mapp's friend, trumpeter Clark Terry, who said, "He was the warmest human being who ever lived. Very beautiful, very talented.". In the same obituary, Norman Mapp was quoted from a previous Newsday interview in 1986 as saying he "never regretted making music his career...because it brought him a wealth of experience, plus the opportunity to know and work with people such as Count Basie, Dinah Washington, Sy Oliver." On learning of his passing, Arthur Prysock said, "I thought he was a great fellow. He's going to be missed.
Mapp's songs include "Jazz Ain't Nothin' but Soul", "I Worry 'Bout You", "Mr. Ugly", "In the Night", "Free Spirits", and "Foul Play". His songs were performed by Count Basie, Betty Carter, Marvin Gaye, Gigi Gryce, Peggy Lee, and Arthur Prysock.

## Discography

* Jazz Aint Nothin but Soul
# Taymura

The Taymura (Russian: Тайму́ра) is a river that runs to the west of Central Siberia in Evenkiysky District, Krasnoyarsk Krai, Russia. It is a left tributary of the Nizhnyaya Tunguska. It is 661 kilometres (411 mi) long (454 km excluding the upper course upstream from the Yuzhnaya Taymura), and has a drainage basin of 32,500 square kilometres (12,500 sq mi).
The source of the river is the confluence of the Severnaya (North) Taymura and Yuzhnaya (South) Taymura. It flows in a wide valley across the Central Siberian Plateau. The river freezes in October and flows under the ice until May. Snow and rain feed the river. The average annual water consumption at 332 km (206 mi) from the mouth is 87.6 cubic metres per second (3,090 cu ft/s). There are more than 800 lakes in the river basin; their total area is 17.1 km$^2$ (6.6 sq mi).
The largest tributaries are the following rivers: Charveya, Unary, Delingdeken, Kerboku, Dyelingdeken, Detkekte, Siki, Neptenne and Varheme.
Kerbo, the only village on the river, has been uninhabited since Soviet times.
# William Farren (actor, born 1754)

William Farren I (1754–1795) was an English stage actor of the eighteenth century. He was born in London to a chandler from Clerkenwell. He made his debut at the Theatre Royal, Drury Lane in London in 1775, likely due to the influence of the actor Richard Yates and remained there until 1784 when he transferred to the rival Theatre Royal, Covent Garden. A notable early role at Drury Lane was the original Careless in Sheridan's The School for Scandal. He remained at Covent Garden until his death in 1795, making occasional summer appearances at the Haymarket. He played a mixture of supporting roles and occasional leads, and developed a reputation as a versatile actor who could appear in comedy and tragedy. He died of pneumonia and was buried at St Paul's Church in Covent Garden. His son William Farren also became an actor, and the father is sometimes known as William Farren the Elder to distinguish him.

## Selected roles

* Carless in The School for Scandal by Richard Brinsley Sheridan (1777)
* Alcander in The Royal Suppliants by John Delap (1781)
* Mandeville in He Would Be a Soldier by Frederick Pilon (1786)
* Hainhault in Eloisa by Frederick Reynolds (1786)
* Albert in Werter by Frederick Reynolds (1786)
* Sir William Caroll in All on a Summer's Day by Elizabeth Inchbald (1787)
* Sultan in Such Things Are by Elizabeth Inchbald (1787)
* Lord Raymond in The Ton by Eglantine Wallace (1788)
* Marquis Almanza in The Child of Nature by Elizabeth Inchbald (1788)
* Baron Thorck in The German Hotel by Thomas Holcroft (1790)
* Raymond in The Widow of Malabar by Mariana Starke (1790)
* Orloff in A Day in Turkey by Hannah Cowley (1791)
* Edmundin The School for Arrogance by Thomas Holcroft (1791)
* Ribaumont in The Surrender of Calais by George Colman the Younger (1791)
* Clairville in Notoriety by Frederick Reynolds (1791)
* Orozimbo in Columbus by Thomas Morton (1792)
* Lord Norland in Everyone Has His Fault by Elizabeth Inchbald (1793)
* Sir Charles Dazzle in How to Grow Rich by Frederick Reynolds (1793)
* Duke of Orleans in The Siege of Meaux by Henry James Pye (1794)
* Earl of Chester in England Preserved by George Watson-Taylor (1795)
# Edward Lucas (Australian politician)

Sir Edward Lucas (14 February 1857 – 4 July 1950) was an Australian politician. He was a member of the South Australian Legislative Council from 1900 to 1918, associated with the Australasian National League and its successor, the Liberal Union. He resigned in 1918 to become Agent-General for South Australia, a role he held until 1925.
Lucas was born in County Cavan, Ireland, and was educated at Bailieborough. He worked as a draper's apprentice in Dublin, before migrating to South Australia in 1878. He initially worked for John Martin & Co., but established his own drapery in North Adelaide in 1882, and built a partnership with several stores. Lucas moved to Gawler in 1886, purchasing the business of J. & J. Wilcox, which he operated until 1901; he also maintained stores in Adelaide, Hamley Bridge and Balaklava, only selling the latter in 1918. He was mayor of the Corporate Town of Gawler in 1893 and 1894, served as president of the Gawler Institute, and was involved with the School of Mines' School Board of Advice, and the committee supporting the Barossa Water Scheme. He married Frances Louisa Johnson in 1885, but she died following the birth of their first child. He remarried in 1890, to Mabel Florence Brock.
Lucas was elected to the South Australian Legislative Council in 1900, representing the Midland District. He was involved in the merger that created the state's first united conservative party, the Liberal Union in 1910, and served as its leader in the Legislative Council from 1913. During World War I, he was a member of the State War Council and was vice-chairman of the State Recruiting Committee. In 1918, he was appointed Agent-General in London, serving until 1925. In this role, he was tasked with representing South Australia in England through the aftermath of the war; while there, he was knighted in 1921, and was a commissioner of the British Empire Exhibition in 1924. Before arriving in London Lucas met Indigenous Australian Harry Hewitt in Victor Harbor, where he was taught by the latter how to throw a boomerang. Lucas used this knowledge to provide demonstrations of throwing the boomerang in London's Regent's Park, crediting Hewitt for his proficiency.
He was involved in a wide range of community organisations, including the Navy League, which he served as state president of for many years, the District and Bush Nursing Society, the Prisoners' Aid Society, and the YMCA. He was a lay preacher in the Methodist Church, and represented it on the Council of Churches. He made a final bid for political office at the 1928 federal election, unsuccessfully contesting a Senate seat for the Nationalist Party.
Lucas died in 1950 at his home in Medindie, aged 93, and was buried in Payneham Cemetery. His death was reported in newspapers nationally. He was survived by two daughters; his second wife, one son and one daughter predeceased him.
# Kyiv culture

The Kyiv culture or Kiev culture is an archaeological culture dating from about the 3rd to 5th centuries, named after Kyiv, the capital of Ukraine. It is widely considered to be the first identifiable Slavic archaeological culture. It was located in the "middle and upper Dnieper basin, akin to it sites of the type Zaozer´e in the upper Dnieper and the upper Dvina basins, and finally the groups of sites of the type Cherepyn–Teremtsy in the upper Dniester basin and of the type Ostrov in the Pripyat basin, in Ukraine and Belarus. It was contemporaneous to (and located mostly just to the north of) the Chernyakhov culture.
Settlements are found mostly along river banks, frequently either on high cliffs or right by the edge of rivers. The dwellings are overwhelmingly of the semi-subterranean type (common among earlier Celtic and Germanic and later among Slavic cultures), often square (about four by four meters), with an open hearth in a corner. Most villages consist of just a handful of dwellings. There is very little evidence of the division of labor, although in one case a village belonging to the Kiev culture was preparing thin strips of antlers to be further reworked into the well-known Gothic antler combs, in a nearby Chernyakhov culture village.
The descendants of the Kyiv culture — the Prague-Korchak, Penkovka and Kolochin cultures — established in the 5th century in Eastern Europe. There is, however, a substantial disagreement in the scientific community over the identity of the Kyiv culture's predecessors, with some historians and archaeologists tracing it directly from the Milograd culture, others, from the Chernoles culture (the Scythian farmers of Herodotus) through the Zarubintsy culture, still others through both the Przeworsk culture and the Zarubintsy culture.

## Gallery

* Kyiv culture ornaments, 3rd-5th centuries AD
* Fibulae of the Kyiv culture, Suzemka, Bryansk Oblast, Russia