OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Douglas Gunn

Douglas Gunn (August 31, 1841 – November 26, 1891) was an American scholar, publisher, pioneer and Republican politician from California.

## Early life

Born Lewis Douglas Gunn on August 31, 1841, in Wheelersburg, Ohio, to Dr. Lewis Carstairs Gunn and Elizabeth LeBreton (Stickney) Gunn. He was middle-named for Frederick Douglas. His family moved to Sonora, California, in 1852, where his father bought and ran the Sonora Herald. In 1861, his family moved to San Francisco, where his father edited the Times, then they moved again in 1868 to San Diego.

## Career
### Newspaper

During this time Douglas Gunn learned the newspaper trade, working for the San Diego Union. He lived in New Town San Diego and walked daily to Old Town, where the paper was published. In 1871, he bought the paper, moved it to New Town, and made it a daily paper. Gunn ran the paper until about 1886.

### Politician

Gunn was mayor of San Diego from 1889 until 1891. When he took office, the city government was relatively unstable. Gunn was elected upon the resignation of his predecessor, Will Hunsaker, after less than one year in office due to substantial conflict with a partisan council. Prior to Hunsaker, the formerly bankrupt city had been governed by a state-controlled board of trustees for 35 years. In Gunn's election, the Republican party ran two separate tickets in the mayoral election, with Gunn on the "Citizens' Non-Partisan" ticket.

### Civic

Gunn's civic works include establishing a metropolitan police department for San Diego, having the Santa Fe Railroad build tracks to San Diego, organizing a company of the National Guard, and publishing an illustrated history of the county, Picturesque San Diego (1887).

## Death

Gunn died in November 26, 1891, and is buried at Mount Hope Cemetery in San Diego, along with his parents.

## Sources

* Obituary, Daily San Diegan, November 30, 1891, reprinted in a biography in the San Diego Historical Society
* Records of a California family; journals and letters of Lewis C. Gunn and Elizabeth Le Breton Gunn (1928), edited by Anna Gunn. Available online from "California As I Saw It", American Memory, Library of Congress exhibit
* Elliott, Wallace W. (1883). History of San Bernardino and San Diego Counties, California.. Reprinted 1956 by Riverside Museum Press. Mentioned in connection with Union Press on p. 182.
Political offices :
| Preceded byMartin D. Hamilton (acting) | Mayor of San Diego 1889–1891 | Succeeded byMatthew Sherman |
# Sally C. Morton

Sally C. Morton is an American statistician specializing in comparative effectiveness research. In 2021, Morton joined Arizona State University as executive vice president of Knowledge Enterprise, the administrative subdivision of Arizona State involving university research. Morton is also a professor in the College of Health Solutions and the School of Mathematical Statistical Sciences and holds the Florence Ely Nelson Chair at Arizona State.
Morton was educated at Stanford University and the London School of Economics. Before joining ASU, Morton was dean of the College of Science and professor of statistics at Virginia Tech. Prior to this role, she worked at RTI International, the RAND Corporation and the University of Pittsburgh.
Morton was 2009 president of the American Statistical Association (ASA) and 2013 chair of Section U (Statistics) of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). She is a fellow of the ASA and of the AAAS, and an elected member of the Society for Research Synthesis Methodology and the International Statistical Institute (ISI). She won the Founders Award of the American Statistical Association in 2015 and is the 2017 winner of the Janet L. Norwood Award. She was elected to the National Academy of Medicine in 2024.
# French ship Atlas (1801)

Atlante was a 74-gun ship of the line of the Spanish Navy. She was acquired by France in 1801 and commissioned in the French Navy, being renamed to Atlas in 1803, serving in Santo Domingo and taking part in the Battle of Cape Finisterre. She was captured in Vigo at the outbreak of the Peninsular War.

## Career

Atlante was built in Cartagena, Spain by expatriate English designer Edward Bryant, and launched in 1754. In August 1801, on the background of the War of the Second Coalition, Spain ceded her to her ally France. Atlante was brought into French service and commissioned in Cádiz on 23 September 1801.
In April 1802, she transferred to Toulon. On 20 June 1802, Captain Lavillesgris took command, and in August, she departed Toulon under to ferry troops to Santo Domingo, returning on 27 October. She performed another trip in January 1803, ferrying 750 soldiers and General Jean Sarrazin.
Atlante was renamed to Atlas on 4 February 1803. She took part in the Battle of Cape Finisterre under Captain Rolland, who sustained spectacular injuries when a powder reserve exploded near him.
Moored in Vigo as a hospital ship after the battle, she was captured there by the Spanish on 9 June 1808 after the outbreak of the Peninsular War.

## Citations

* 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Roche, Jean-Michel (2005). Dictionnaire des bâtiments de la flotte de guerre française de Colbert à nos jours (in French). Vol. 1: 1671 – 1870. p. 56. ISBN 978-2-9525917-0-6. OCLC 165892922.
* 1 2 3 Winfield, Rif; Tredrea, John M; García-Torralba Pérez, Enrique; Blasco Felip, Manuel (2023). Spanish Warships in the Age of Sail 1700—1860: Design Construction, Careers and Fates. Seaforth. ISBN 978-1-5267-9078-1.
* ↑ Quintin, Danielle; Quintin, Bernard (2003). Dictionnaire des capitaines de Vaisseau de Napoléon (in French). S.P.M. p. 201. ISBN 2-901952-42-9.
* ↑ Quintin, Danielle; Quintin, Bernard (2003). Dictionnaire des capitaines de Vaisseau de Napoléon (in French). S.P.M. p. 326. ISBN 2-901952-42-9.
# Pendoggett

50°34′54″N 4°47′24″W﻿ / ﻿50.58167°N 4.79000°W﻿ / 50.58167; -4.79000
Pendoggett (Cornish: Penndewgos) is a village in the civil parish of St Kew, Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. It is a linear village stradling the B3314 Wadebridge to Delabole road about five miles (8 km) northwest of Wadebridge, four miles (6.5 km) southeast of Delabole, and two miles (3 km) southeast of Port Isaac.
Pendoggett has a population of about 175 people. The name means head of two woods in Cornish; 'Penn' meaning head, 'dew' meaning two and 'goes' being a mutation of 'koes' which means wood. The Cornish Arms is a 16th-century inn.
The boundary of the Cornwall Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB) follows the B3314 through Pendoggett village, meaning that part of the village is inside the AONB and part is outside.

## History

Methodism was popular in Cornwall and a Methodist chapel was built in Pendogget in 1830 which, as with many local chapels, was aligned with the United Free Methodists from 1854. Around 1900 a new larger chapel was built with a capacity of 120 persons while the old chapel was used as a Sunday School. The old chapel became redundant in the early 1970s and by 2000 both the old and new chapels had been converted for residential use.

## Transport

From opening in 1895 until it closed in 1967, the nearest station to Pendoggett was Port Isaac Road.
In 2021, Pendoggett is served by two bus routes, both operated by Transport for Cornwall. There are 7 buses available daily travelling towards Wadebridge and 6 travelling towards Launceston, all of these being Transport for Cornwall service 10.
On Sundays, Pendoggett is served by route 95 with 6 bususe towards Wadebridge and four towards Bude.

## Geology and mining

While the coast of North Cornwall is an area whose geology is dominated by slate, Pendoggett village is located on one of a number of outcrops of dolerite. An outcrop of particularly high quality stone was quarried from 1921 at Tregildrens Quarry, about half a mile west of Pendoggett. Initially coal was carried to the quarry from Port Isaac and stone carried out the same way, but the following year a siding was provided on the North Cornwall Railway.
By 1929, 65 men were employed in the quarry but it closed in 1956, and despite brief attempts over the next 20 years the quarry remained disused in 2020.
# Mandalselva

Mandalselva, Mandalsåni, or Marna (English: Mandal River, Old Norse: Mǫrn) is a river in Agder county in Norway. The river has its origins in the mountains between Ose in Setesdal and the Upper Sirdal valley. The river flows south to its mouth at the North Sea at the town of Mandal. The river is 115 kilometres (71 mi) long and flows through the municipalities Åseral, Lyngdal, and Lindesnes. The largest tributaries are Monn, Logna, Skjerka, Kosåna, Logåna, and Røyselandsbekken. Skjerka, Monn and Logna all flow into the lake Øre in Åseral which is considered the beginning of the main Mandalselva river. The river passes through the villages of Kylland, Bjelland, Laudal, Heddeland, Øyslebø, and Krossen.

## Hydropower development

Hydropower development of the river on a larger scale started in 1930. At present there are six power plants along the river and its upper tributaries: Logna, Smeland, Skjerka, Håverstad, Bjelland, and Laudal.
The drainage basin covers an area of 1,800 square kilometres (690 sq mi). The mean flow of water in the river is 85 cubic metres per second (3,000 cu ft/s). During flooding periods in the spring and autumn, water flow can be far greater. The highest stream flow in recent times were measured in October 1987, when it passed about 970 cubic metres per second (34,000 cu ft/s) at Kjølemoen in Holum.

## Salmon and trout

The original salmon stocks are extinct as a result of acid rain, but extensive liming has led to a better environment in the river, and a new salmon stocks are established. It was caught 8,785 kilograms (19,368 lb) of salmon and sea trout in Mandalselva in 2015.

## Media gallery

* Mandalselva at Buøy
* View of the Mandal harbor
* View of the river Marna
* Mandal bridge
# Leonid Latynin

Leonid Latynin (Russian: Леонид Александрович Латы́нин; born 1938 Privolzhsk, Ivanovo Region, on the Volga near Plyos) is a Russian writer.
He is the husband of literary critic Alla Latynina and the father of writer and journalist Yulia Latynina.
Among his first teachers was Pyotr Konstantinovich Sumarokov, a priest's son, who was in his turn a student of Vasily Rozanov. His other teachers were several hundred volumes of theological literature from his family library.
In 1960–64, Latynin studied at Moscow University's Department of Philology. He attended the seminars of Nikolai Gudzy, Nikolai Liban, and Sergei Radzig, which made a lasting influence on him, inspiring his interest in the theme of pre-Christian pantheon. This was later realized in his research and his literary work.
In 1962–74, he worked first at the Khudozhestvennaya Literatura Publishing House, then on the radio (in the Spanish and then in the Brazilian section) and finally at the poetry division of Youth magazine.
In the 1970s, he spent much time in the northern parts of Russia, studying icons and local crafts.
In the 1980s, he translated Central Asian poetry.
Also in the 1980s, he wrote the novels The Face-maker and the Muse, Sleeper at Harvest Time, and Stavr and Sarah.
Since 1960, Latynin has lived in Moscow.
# Jafarbay-ye Sharqi Rural District

Jafarbay-ye Sharqi Rural District (Persian: دهستان جعفربای شرقی) is in Goldasht District of Gomishan County, Golestan province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Basirabad. The capital of the rural district was the village of Bonavar until it merged with two other villages to form the city of Siminshahr, which became the administrative center for the rural district.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the rural district's population (as a part of the former Gomishan District of Torkaman County) was 15,891 in 3,178 households. There were 6,013 inhabitants in 1,340 households at the following census of 2011, by which time the district had been separated from the county in the establishment of Gomishan County. The rural district was transferred to the new Goldasht District. The 2016 census measured the population of the rural district as 6,605 in 1,695 households. The most populous of its seven villages was Basirabad, with 3,259 people.
# Albina Tuzova

Albina Kochkina-Tuzova (Russian: Альбина Брониславовна Кочкина-Тузова; (1929, Cheremkhovo USSR – 1984, Chelyabinsk USSR))) was a former Soviet female speed skater. She won a silver medal at the World Allround Speed Skating Championships for Women in 1961, and a bronze medal in 1962.
# Vyacheslav Andryushchenko

Vyacheslav Igorevich Andryushchenko (Russian: Вячеслав Игоревич Андрющенко; born July 4, 1989) is a Belarusian ice hockey forward playing for Metallurg Zhlobin of the Belarusian Extraliga.

## Career

Andryushchenko competed in the 2013 IIHF World Championship as a member of the Belarus men's national ice hockey team. He played for HC Neftekhimik Nizhnekamsk during the 2014–2015 season.
# Bayezit Bikbay

Bayezit Bikbay (Bashkir: Баязит Биҡбай, full name Bayezit Gayazovich Bikbay; 9 January 1909 – 2 September 1968), was a Russian and Soviet poet, writer and playwright.

## Life and career

Bayazit Bikbay was born in 1909. In 1932, he published his first collection of poems, titled Current days. He subsequently published Beyond the Forest, Bright Land, and The Libretto, which was based on stories of the life of Bashkir national hero Salawat Yulayev. In 1937 Bikbay performed the drama "Karlugas" for the first time. He also published many one-act plays.
During World War II, Bikbay was unable to serve along the Eastern Front for health reasons. Instead, he published poetry and plays, often incorporating military themes into his collections. During this time, Bikbay published I Praise the Earth, Fire Line, Homeland Calling (Watan Saҡyra, 1943) and Children of the Same Family (Ber Tuғandar, 1944).
Over the course of his career, Bikbay wrote more than forty books, poetry collections, essays, short stories, plays, and libretti. including the novel, When Bottled Akselyan. He also translated the classic Russian literature of Tolstoy, Turgenev and Gorky.
# Powyseg

Powyseg (or Powysian; Welsh: Powyseg or y Bowyseg) is a dialect of the Welsh language spoken in the central areas of Wales. It is one of the four major dialects of Welsh spoken in the United Kingdom. Its usage is most predominantly found within northern Powys county in Wales and the former Kingdom of Powys city Wroxeter (formerly Caer Guricon in Welsh) in England.
The dialect follows neighbouring Dyfedeg Welsh in its writing and speaking. Northern Welsh variants are known to have vocabulary and literary differences from Standard Welsh, for example llefrith (Ddefedeg and Powyseg) and llaeth (Gwenhwyseg and Gwyndodeg), both meaning "milk" in English, with one being more standard in the north, and the other in the south. Shetin meaning hedge is another word unique to Powyseg, compared to the northern (gwrych), western (clawdd), Pembrokeshire (claw) and Gwenhwyseg (perth) terms for hedge. Powyseg and Gwyndodeg also use the term llwynog for fox compared to the southern word cadno.
John Morris-Jones stated in 1913, that Powyseg was one of the four dialectal areas in Wales, with the dialect covering Northern Mid Wales and North East Wales. While in the 1900 book "The Welsh People", John Rhŷs and David Brynmor-Jones stated the dialect was one of the three dialects of Wales (Gwenhwyseg and Ddefedeg, were grouped together as the "Southwalian dialect"), and Powyseg was centred on Montgomeryshire but had since expanded to the Merionethshire coast from the River Dyfi (Dovey) to Dolgellau and Harlech. The dialect was claimed by the two to have been spread by Cunedda Wledig.
# Esmail Merat

Esmail Merat (Persian: اسماعیل مرآت‎; March 7, 1893 – December 18, 1949) was Iran's minister of education during Reza Shah reign. He is founder of some faculties of university of Tehran, including law faculty and technical faculty. He has also founded art section of University of Tehran.
He suggested a change in medical university law, which caused managing Tehran hospital under medical faculty. In 1956, in respect of his valuable works, one of university streets named to his name.
He was very eager to publish suitable educational books, which results in more than 200 high school books. Founding Academy of Persian Language and Literature was another organization which founded because of his suggestion and due to Reza Shah command.

## Education and early life

Esmail born in September 1939 in Tehran. His father was Mirza Musa Khan Meratolmamalek.
He finished his undergraduate education in Tehran and after that he went to Europe in 1892 to continue his education. After passing few years in Switzerland and France, because of World War I and consequent difficulties, returned to Iran.

## Career

In 1915, the ministry of education asked him and other students who returned from Europe to work in Dar ul-Funun as a teacher. Three years later, in 1918, he became minister of Higher-Teacher House of Iran. He was also teaching physics in this institute. In September 1928, he accompanied student expedition as head of their elementary education to Paris. In Paris, Hossein Ala' asked him to stay there as Iranian students administrator and he accepted. While he was Iranian students administrator in France, he paid particular attention to students' behavior, which caused some students and employees to feel resentment.
In 1935, he has selected as head of higher education of Ministry of Education. After few months he abdicated this position and start working in ministry of economic affairs and finance.
In 1937, he became governor of Kerman for 9 months.
After resignation of Aliasghar Hekmat from his position, Esmail selected as his successor in July 1938. He officially started his work as minister of education on September 20, 1939. He was in this position till September 1941. Later in 1941, Mohammad Ali Foroughi asked him to return to his position, but he didn't accept because of hard working condition in those days. By Foroughi's insistence, he accepted to work as Minister of health and medical education. He resigned on November 12, 1941.
# Communauté d'agglomération du Pays Basque

The communauté d'agglomération du Pays Basque (Basque: Euskal Hirigune Elkargoa, "agglomeration community of the Basque Country"), is the agglomeration community (federation of communes), centred on the cities of Bayonne and Biarritz. Also referred to as the French Basque Country, or Northern Basque Country (Basque: Iparralde (lit. 'the Northern Region'), French: Pays basque, Spanish: País Vasco francés), it is located in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department, in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region, southwestern France.
It was created in January 2017 by the merger of the former communauté de l'agglomération Côte Basque-Adour, communauté de l'agglomération Sud Pays Basque and eight communautés de communes. Its area is 2968 km$^2$. Its population was 312,278 in 2018, including 51,411 in Bayonne and 25,532 in Biarritz.

## Composition

The Communauté d'agglomération du Pays Basque consists of the following 158 communes:
* Ahaxe-Alciette-Bascassan
* Ahetze
* Aïcirits-Camou-Suhast
* Aincille
* Ainharp
* Ainhice-Mongelos
* Ainhoa
* Alçay-Alçabéhéty-Sunharette
* Aldudes
* Alos-Sibas-Abense
* Amendeuix-Oneix
* Amorots-Succos
* Anglet
* Anhaux
* Arancou
* Arbérats-Sillègue
* Arbonne
* Arbouet-Sussaute
* Arcangues
* Arhansus
* Armendarits
* Arnéguy
* Aroue-Ithorots-Olhaïby
* Arrast-Larrebieu
* Arraute-Charritte
* Ascain
* Ascarat
* Aussurucq
* Ayherre
* Banca
* Barcus
* Bardos
* Bassussarry
* Bayonne
* Béguios
* Béhasque-Lapiste
* Béhorléguy
* Bergouey-Viellenave
* Berrogain-Laruns
* Beyrie-sur-Joyeuse
* Biarritz
* Bidache
* Bidarray
* Bidart
* Biriatou
* Bonloc
* Boucau
* Briscous
* Bunus
* Bussunarits-Sarrasquette
* Bustince-Iriberry
* Cambo-les-Bains
* Came
* Camou-Cihigue
* Çaro
* Charritte-de-Bas
* Chéraute
* Ciboure
* Domezain-Berraute
* Espelette
* Espès-Undurein
* Estérençuby
* Etcharry
* Etchebar
* Gabat
* Gamarthe
* Garindein
* Garris
* Gotein-Libarrenx
* Guéthary
* Guiche
* Halsou
* Hasparren
* Haux
* Hélette
* Hendaye
* Hosta
* Ibarrolle
* Idaux-Mendy
* Iholdy
* Ilharre
* Irissarry
* Irouléguy
* Ispoure
* Isturits
* Itxassou
* Jatxou
* Jaxu
* Juxue
* La Bastide-Clairence
* Labets-Biscay
* Lacarre
* Lacarry-Arhan-Charritte-de-Haut
* Laguinge-Restoue
* Lahonce
* Lantabat
* Larceveau-Arros-Cibits
* Larrau
* Larressore
* Larribar-Sorhapuru
* Lasse
* Lecumberry
* L'Hôpital-Saint-Blaise
* Lichans-Sunhar
* Lichos
* Licq-Athérey
* Lohitzun-Oyhercq
* Louhossoa
* Luxe-Sumberraute
* Macaye
* Masparraute
* Mauléon-Licharre
* Méharin
* Mendionde
* Menditte
* Mendive
* Moncayolle-Larrory-Mendibieu
* Montory
* Mouguerre
* Musculdy
* Ordiarp
* Orègue
* Orsanco
* Ossas-Suhare
* Osserain-Rivareyte
* Ossès
* Ostabat-Asme
* Pagolle
* Roquiague
* Sainte-Engrâce
* Saint-Esteben
* Saint-Étienne-de-Baïgorry
* Saint-Jean-de-Luz
* Saint-Jean-le-Vieux
* Saint-Jean-Pied-de-Port
* Saint-Just-Ibarre
* Saint-Martin-d'Arberoue
* Saint-Martin-d'Arrossa
* Saint-Michel
* Saint-Palais
* Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle
* Saint-Pierre-d'Irube
* Sames
* Sare
* Sauguis-Saint-Étienne
* Souraïde
* Suhescun
* Tardets-Sorholus
* Trois-Villes
* Uhart-Cize
* Uhart-Mixe
* Urcuit
* Urepel
* Urrugne
* Urt
* Ustaritz
* Villefranque
* Viodos-Abense-de-Bas
# Saint-Marcan

Saint-Marcan (French pronunciation:; Gallo: Saent-Marqaen, Breton: Sant-Marc'han) is a commune in the Ille-et-Vilaine department in Brittany in northwestern France.

## Population

Inhabitants of Saint-Marcan are called marcanais in French.

## Sights

* Menhir
* Medieval Christian Cross
* Chappe Tower