OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Meghnagar

Meghnagar is a City Council and a Tehsil Headquarter in Jhabua district in the India state of Madhya Pradesh.

## Demographics

As of 2011 India census, Meghnagar had a population of 12,929. Males constitute 52% of the population and females 48%. Meghnagar has an average literacy rate of 62%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 69%, and female literacy is 54%. In Meghnagar, 18% of the population is under 6 years of age.

## Administration

Meghnagar Nagar Panchayat has total administration over 2,553 houses to which it supplies basic amenities like water and sewerage. It is also authorize to build roads within Nagar Panchayat limits and impose taxes on properties coming under its jurisdiction.

## Transportation

Meghnagar railway station falls in Western Railway zone and has stoppages of many important trains.
# Single-core

A single-core processor is a microprocessor with a single CPU on its die. It performs the fetch-decode-execute cycle one at a time, as it only runs on one thread. A computer using a single core CPU is generally slower than a multi-core system.
Single core processors used to be widespread in desktop computers, but as applications demanded more processing power, the slower speed of single core systems became a detriment to performance. Windows supported single-core processors up until the release of Windows 11, where a dual-core processor is required.
Single core processors are still in use in some niche circumstances. Some older legacy systems like those running antiquated operating systems (e.g. Windows 98) cannot gain any benefit from multi-core processors. Single core processors are also used in hobbyist computers like the Raspberry Pi and Single-board microcontrollers. The production of single-core desktop processors ended in 2013 with the Celeron G440, G460, G465 & G470.

## Development

The first single core processor was the Intel 4004, which was commercially released on November 15, 1971 by Intel. Since then many improvements have been made to single core processors, going from the 740 kHz of the Intel 4004 to the 2 GHz Celeron G470.

### Advantages

* Single core processors draw less power than larger, multi-core processors.
* Single core processors can be made a lot more cheaply than multi core systems, meaning they can be used in embedded systems.

### Disadvantages

* Single-core processors are generally outperformed by multi-core processors.
* Single-core processors are more likely to bottleneck with faster peripheral components, as these components have to wait for the CPU to finish its cycle.
* Single-core processors lack parallelisation, meaning only one application can run at once. This reduces performance as other processes have to wait for processor time, leading to process starvation.

## Increasing parallel trend

* Single-core – one processor on a die. Since about 2012, even most smartphones CPUs marketed are no longer single-core; Microcontrollers are still single-core, while there are exceptions.
* Multi-core processors – a 'few' processors on a die, e.g. 2, 4, 8.
* Manycore processors – a 'large number' of processors on a die, e.g. 10s, 100s, 1000s. Some specialist ASICs/Accelerators and GPUs fall into this category.
# Se Le Ve

"Se Le Ve" (transl. "You Can See It") is a song by Panamanian producer Dímelo Flow, Panamanian singer Sech and American singer Dalex featuring American singers Justin Quiles, Arcángel and De la Ghetto, and Puerto Rican singer Lenny Tavárez. It was released on August 12, 2021, through Rich Music, as the third single from Dímelo Flow's debut studio album Always Dream (2022). The song was written by all singers and Miguel Martínez, with Dímelo Flow co-writing it and producing it, along with Slow Mike.

## Background

Dímelo Flow previewed a snippet of a song which contained a verse by Arcángel, with a verse by De la Ghetto later being previewed. A final version of it was titled "Se Le Ve" and was released on August 12, 2021, which also added Sech, Dalex, Justin Quiles, and Lenny Tavárez.

## Commercial performance

Though "Se Le Ve" did not debut in any charts in the United States, it peaked at number 158 on the Billboard Global Excl. US chart. It also peaked at number 57 on the Billboard Argentina Hot 100 and number 92 on Spain's weekly song chart.

## Charts

Chart performance for "Se Le Ve" :
| Chart (2021-22) | Peak position |
| Argentina (Argentina Hot 100) | 57 |
| Bolivia (Billboard) | 15 |
| Costa Rica Urbano (Monitor Latino) | 10 |
| Ecuador (Billboard) | 19 |
| Global Excl. US (Billboard) | 158 |
| Peru (Billboard) | 14 |
| Spain (PROMUSICAE) | 92 |

## Certifications

Certifications for "Se Le Ve" :
| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| Spain (PROMUSICAE) | Gold | 30,000$^‡$ |
| United States (RIAA) | 3× Platinum (Latin) | 180,000$^‡$ |
| $^‡$ Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone. |||
# Zakłady Azotowe Kędzierzyn

ZAK Spółka Akcyjna (ZAK S.A.), now renamed Grupa Azoty Kędzierzyn, is a chemical company based in the city of Kędzierzyn, Opole Voivodeship, southwest Poland.
It is part of the Grupa Azoty chemical companies holding company.

## History

On October 20, 2010, Zakłady Azotowe in Tarnów-Mościce became the majority shareholder of ZAK SA by acquiring 52.6% of its shares. On October 13, 2011, the Tarnów company purchased an additional 40.86% of ZAK SA shares, bringing its total ownership to 93.48%. This was part of a broader consolidation effort in the chemical industry, following the acquisition of 66% of the shares of Zakłady Chemiczne "Police" by Zakłady Azotowe in Tarnów-Mościce. This consolidation was finalized with an agreement between Zakłady Azotowe in Tarnów-Mościce and Zakłady Azotowe Puławy. As a result, all companies within the Grupa Azoty underwent a rebranding, and the Kędzierzyn company was renamed Grupa Azoty Zakłady Azotowe Kędzierzyn SA, abbreviated as Grupa Azoty ZAK S.A.

## Products

Grupa Azoty Kędzierzyn produces nitrogen fertilizers (16% share of the Polish market), OXO alcohols (the sole producer in Poland, close to 10% share of the European market), and phthalate plasticizers (approximately 73% and 6% share of the domestic and European markets, respectively).
In 2007, the company's consolidated sales revenue amounted to PLN 1.67 billion (€375 million), while the net profit reached PLN 115.3 million (€26 million).
# Bartolomé Jiménez Patón

Bartolomé Jiménez Patón (1569–1640) was a Spanish humanist, rhetorician, grammarian, and writer. In 1614, he published a treatise of comparative orthography between Latin and Castilian Spanish, Epítome de la orthografía latina y castellana.
# Richetia iliasii

Richetia iliasii (also called yellow meranti) is a tree in the family Dipterocarpaceae. It is endemic to Borneo, where it grows in Sarawak and Kalimantan. It is a tall tree, growing up to 50 meters in height. It grows in lowland dipterocarp forests, on hillsides and on clay and sedimentary rock, up to 400 meters elevation.
The species is subject to habitat loss from forest clearance, and its extent of occurrence (EOO) declined by 80% between 2000 and 2018. The species' habitat loss was greater in Kalimantan than in Sarawak, where some populations grow in protected areas. The species is assessed as critically endangered by the IUCN.

## Sources

* 1 2 3 4 Randi, A.; Julia, S.; Kusumadewi, Y.; Hoo, P.K.; Khoo, E.; Maycock, C.R.; Robiansyah, I. (2019). "Shorea iliasii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T31919A149070290. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T31919A149070290.en. Retrieved 15 November 2021.
* ↑ "Richetia iliasii (P.S.Ashton) P.S.Ashton & J.Heck". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 29 October 2024.
* This Dipterocarpaceae article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Irene Hunt

Irene Hunt (May 18, 1903 – May 18, 2001) was an American children's writer known best for historical novels. She was a runner-up for the Newbery Medal for her first book, Across Five Aprils, and won the medal for her second, Up a Road Slowly. For her contribution as a children's writer she was U.S. nominee in 1974 for the biennial, international Hans Christian Andersen Award, the highest international recognition available to creators of children's books.

## Life

Hunt was born to Franklin P. and Sarah Land Hunt on May 18, 1903, in Pontiac, Illinois. The family soon moved to Newton, Illinois, but Franklin died when Hunt was only seven, and the family moved again to be close to Hunt's grandparents. Hunt's childhood was lonely, but she shared a special relationship with her grandfather. He told her stories about his childhood during the Civil War. In Minneapolis she earned her M.A. In Illinois public schools, she was a teacher of English and French. Later, she taught psychology at the University of South Dakota, Vermillion, but eventually returned to elementary and junior high school to become a director of language arts in Illinois. After she retired in 1961, Hunt devoted her time to writing.
Hunt was 61 when her debut novel Across Five Aprils was published in 1964, and it received much acclaim. Chosen a Newbery Honor Book, the novel was also Hunt's personal favorite among the ones she wrote. A critic maintains: "Brilliant characterization, a telling sense of story, an uncanny ability to balance fact and fiction, and compassionate, graceful writing mark Hunt's small but distinguished body of work." With Across Five Aprils, Hunt established herself as one of the greatest historical novelists, proving that she can write for both adult and children audiences. With her faith in "courage, love, and mercy," Hunt wrote her books to emphasize this faith.
Her next novel, Up a Road Slowly, won the 1967 Newbery Medal She died on her 98th birthday on May 18, 2001.

## Works

* Across Five Aprils, Follett, 1964.
* Up a Road Slowly, Follett, 1966.
* Trail of Apple Blossoms, illustrated by Don Bolognese, Follett, 1969.
* No Promises in the Wind, Follett, 1970.
* The Lottery Rose: a novel, Scribner, 1976.
* William: a novel, Scribner, 1978.
* Claws of a Young Century: a novel, Scribner, 1980.
* The Everlasting Hills, Scribner, 1985.

## Select awards

* 1965 Newbery Honor Book citation for Across Five Aprils
* 1965 Dorothy Canfield Fisher Children's Book Award for Across Five Aprils
* 1965 Lewis Carroll Shelf Award for Across Five Aprils
* 1967 Newbery Medal for Up a Road Slowly
* 1971 Charles W. Follett Award for No Promises in the Wind
* 1985 Parents' Choice Award for The Everlasting Hills
# Rudolf Kraus

Rudolf Kraus (31 October 1868 – 15 July 1932) was an Austrian pathologist, bacteriologist and immunologist known for his work with bacterial precipitins.

## Biography

Kraus was born on 31 October 1868 in Mladá Boleslav in Bohemia, Austria-Hungary. In 1893, he obtained his doctorate at the University of Prague. Following studies at the Pasteur Institute in Paris, he settled in Vienna in 1895 as an assistant to Richard Paltauf at the serotherapeutic institute. In 1901 he became a privat-docent for general and experimental pathology, followed by a promotion as associate professor in 1906. In 1908 he traveled to Saint Petersburg, where he conducted investigations of an epidemic of cholera.
Shortly before the outbreak of World War I, he moved to South America. In 1921 he was appointed director of the institute of bacteriology in Buenos Aires, and after a period of time in São Paulo, he returned to Vienna in 1924 as head of the serotherapeutic institute. In 1929, he was named director of the Istituto bacteriologico de Chile in Santiago, Chile.
With August Paul von Wassermann, he was co-founder of the Free Association for Microbiology.
He died on 15 July 1932 in Santiago.

## Selected writings

* "Ueber spezifische Reaktionen in keimfreien Filtraten aus Cholera-Typhus-Pestbouillonculturen erzeugt durch homologes Serum" [On specific reactions in germ-free filtrates from cholera typhoid plague broth cultures produced by homologous serum]. Wiener klinische Wochenschrift (in German). 10 (32): 736–739. 1897.
* Handbuch der Technik und Methodik der Immunitätsforschung (with Constantin Levaditi), 1908-09 - Handbook of technology and methodology for immunization research.
* Handbuch der Immunitätsforschung und experimentellen Therapie, mit besonderer Berücksichtigung der Technik und Methodik, 1914 - Handbook of immunization research and experimental therapy, etc.
* Die Cholera asiatica und die Cholera nostras, 1914 - Cholera Asiatica and cholera nostras.
* Handbuch der mikrobiologischen Technik, (with Paul Uhlenhuth), 1923–24 – Handbook of microbiological techniques.
* 10 jahre Südamerika; vorträge über epidemiologie und infektionskrankheiten der menschen und tiere, 1927 – Ten years in South America, Lessons on epidemiology and infectious diseases of humans and animals.
* Giftschlangen und die Serumbehandlung der Schlangenbisse, 1931 - Poisonous snakes and serum treatment for snake bites.
# Żółtowo

Żółtowo is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Mochowo, within Sierpc County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.
# Karina Pérez

Karina Pérez Delgado (born October 4, 1982 in Tlaxcala) is a Mexican long-distance runner. At the 2008 Summer Olympics, she finished 61st in the women's marathon. She competed in the marathon at the 2012 Summer Olympics, placing 50th with a time of 2:33:30.

## Personal bests

| Event | Result | Venue | Date |
| 5000 m | 16:26.94 min | Monterrey | 13 Mar 2010 |
| 10,000 m | 33:30.84 min | Walnut, California | 15 Apr 2010 |
| Half marathon | 1:12:55 hrs | Udine | 14 Oct 2007 |
| Marathon | 2:31:30 hrs | Torreón | 4 Mar 2012 |

## Achievements

| Year | Competition | Venue | Position | Event | Notes |
| Representing Mexico ||||||
| 2001 | World Cross Country Championships (U20) | Ostend, Belgium | 92nd | 5.9 km | 25:36 |
| 2001 | Pan American Junior Championships | Santa Fe, Argentina | 2nd | 3000m | 10:13.45 |
| 2001 | Pan American Junior Championships | Santa Fe, Argentina | 6th | 5000m | 18:05.66 |
| 2004 | NACAC Under-23 Championships | Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada | 4th | 5000m | 17:59.97 |
| 2007 | World Road Running Championships | Udine, Italy | 35th | Half marathon | 1:12:55 |
| 2008 | Olympic Games | Beijing, China | 61st | Marathon | 2:47:02 |
| 2010 | World Half Marathon Championships | Nanning, China | 23rd | Half marathon | 1:14:20 |
| 2012 | Olympic Games | London, United Kingdom | 50th | Marathon | 2:33:30 |
| 2014 | Central American and Caribbean Games | Xalapa, México | 4th | Marathon | 2:44:19 A |
# Mike Rankin

Michael Rankin (born 3 December 1960) is a Scottish former footballer who played for Dumbarton.
# Hemerocoetes

Hemerocoetes is a genus of ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Hemerocoetidae.
# 309 (number)

309 or three hundred nine is the natural number following 308 and preceding 310.

## In mathematics

* 309 is an odd composite number.
* 309 is composed of two distinct prime numbers multiplied (103 and 3).
* 309 is a Blum integer.
* 309 is a centered icosahedral number.
# Hitoshi Murayama

Hitoshi Murayama (村山斉) is a Japanese-born physicist with notable contributions in the fields of particle physics and cosmology. He is currently a professor at the Center for Theoretical Physics at the University of California, Berkeley, and was the Director of the Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe at the University of Tokyo.

## Biography

Born in Japan in 1964, Murayama obtained his B.Sc. in Physics from the University of Tokyo in 1986. He completed his Ph.D. in Tokyo in 1991. In 1993, he moved to the US to join the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory as a post-doctoral research fellow. In 1995, he was appointed as an associate professor in University of California, Berkeley, where he became a full professor of physics in 2000. He is the founding director of the Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (Kavli IPMU) at the University of Tokyo since 2007. In addition, he has been a visiting scientist at CERN since 2016.
In 2013, he was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and was chosen as a fellow of the American Physical Society. In October 2014, he delivered an invited lecture titled "Science for Peace and Development" at the Headquarters of the United Nations in an event honoring the 60th anniversary of CERN.

## Scientific Work

Professor Murayama is involved in the KamLAND neutrino experiment at the Kamioka Observatory, an underground neutrino detection facility near Toyama, Japan. The KamLAND collaboration won the Breakthrough Prize in Fundamental Physics in 2016.
In 1998, Murayama, Gian Giudice, Markus Luty and Riccardo Rattazzi discovered "anomaly mediated supersymmetry breaking, a subtle quantum mechanical mechanism which contributes to the gaugino masses in supergravity".

## Awards and honors

* Humboldt Prize (2018)
* Breakthrough Prize in Fundamental Physics, as a member of the KamLAND collaboration
* Nishinomiya Yukawa Commemoration Prize in Theoretical Physics
* Fellow of American Physical Society
* Member of Science Council of Japan
* Member of American Academy of Arts and Sciences
* Sloan Research Fellowship
* David Saxon Lecture 2012 (UCLA) Archived 2018-07-22 at the Wayback Machine
# Orthofluorofentanyl

Orthofluorofentanyl (o-fluorofentanyl, 2-fluorofentanyl) is an opioid analgesic that is an analog of fentanyl and has been sold online as a designer drug. While the structural isomer p-fluorofentanyl was one of the first illicit fentanyl analogues identified in 1981, Orthofluorofentanyl did not appear on the illicit market until August 2016.

## Side effects

Side effects of fentanyl analogs are similar to those of fentanyl itself, which include itching, nausea, and potentially serious respiratory depression, which can be life-threatening. Fentanyl analogs have killed hundreds of people throughout Europe and the former Soviet republics since the most recent resurgence in use began in Estonia in the early 2000s, and novel derivatives continue to appear. A new wave of fentanyl analogues and associated deaths began in around 2014 in the US, and have continued to grow in prevalence; especially since 2016 these drugs have been responsible for hundreds of overdose deaths every week.

## Legal status

Orthofluorofentanyl was placed into Schedule I in the US in October 2017, in order to avoid an imminent hazard to public safety.
# Nyiginya

The Nyiginya or Banyiginya were a royal Tutsi clan in pre-colonial Rwanda. They ruled the Kingdom of Rwanda until 28 January 1961, when Kigeli V Ndahindurwa was deposed as part of the Coup of Gitarama.
# Winters Brothers (disambiguation)

Winters Brothers is an American company.
Winters Brothers may also refer to:
* Mike and Bernie Winters, British comedians
* Robert and Thomas Wintour, Gunpowder plotters
* Johnny Winter and Edgar Winter, American musicians and brothers
# Ashraf Khan Khattak

Ashraf Khan Khattak was the eldest son of Khushal Khan Khattak and ruler of the Khattak clan for a time.

## Life

He was born in about 1634 (H.1044). He became chieftain of the Khattak clan in 1693 after his father, Khushal, resigned after the war against the Mughal Emperor ended. He died in 1693, aged 60.

## Chief of the Khattak clan

Ashraf endeavoured for some time to carry on the government of his clan, and also to perform his duties towards the Mughal Government, by aiding the Peshawar authorities in the administration of the affairs of that province; but he was opposed and thwarted in all his endeavours by his brother Bahram, the same who endeavoured to take the life of his father; who styles him “Bahram the Degenerate,” and “The Malignant ;“ and by whose machinations Ashraf was, at last, betrayed into the hands of Aurangzeb, in 1683. The affairs of the Dakhan having called for the presence of that monarch, who continued in that part of India for several years the Khattak chief was taken along with him, as a state prisoner; and was subsequently sent to the strong fortress of Bijapur, situated in what is, at present, termed the Southern Maharata country, where he continued to languish in exile for the remainder of his life. When Afzal Khan, his son, became firmly established in the chieftainship, he moved the remains of his father about 1,500 miles (2,400 km) from Bijapur to Sara’e, where the Khattak chiefs were usually interred.

## Poetry

Ashraf used to devote some of his leisure time to poetry, before he assumed the government of his clan, incited, doubtless, by the example of his brave old father, and his brothers Abd-ul-Kadir and Sadr Khan, who were also gifted with the “cacoëthes scribendi.” During his exile he wrote a great number of poems, and collected the whole, as they now stand, in the form of a Diwan, or Alphabetical Collection. According to the usual custom among Eastern poets, Ashraf assumed the name of “The Severed” or “Exiled;" and many of his poems, written in the most pathetic style, plainly tell where, and under what circumstances, they were composed. The original Diwan, or Collection, arranged and written by himself, at Bijapür, is still in the possession of his descendants.
# Halstead railway station

Halstead railway station was located in Halstead, Essex. It was 56 miles 34 chains (90.81 km) from London Liverpool Street via Marks Tey. It closed in 1962. The station was demolished after closure and the site has been redeveloped leaving no trace of its existence.
| Preceding station | Disused railways | Following station |
| Sible and Castle Hedingham | Colne Valley and Halstead Railway | Earls Colne |
# Riverdale Municipality

Riverdale Municipality is a rural municipality (RM) in the Canadian province of Manitoba.

## History

The RM was incorporated on January 1, 2015 via the amalgamation of the RM of Daly and the Town of Rivers. It was formed as a requirement of The Municipal Amalgamations Act, which required that municipalities with a population less than 1,000 amalgamate with one or more neighbouring municipalities by 2015. The Government of Manitoba initiated these amalgamations in order for municipalities to meet the 1997 minimum population requirement of 1,000 to incorporate a municipality.

## Communities

* Bradwardine
* Rivers
* Wheatland

## Demographics

| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1986 | 2,034 | — |
| 1991 | 1,956 | −3.8% |
| 1996 | 2,012 | +2.9% |
| 2001 | 2,025 | +0.6% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 2006 | 2,061 | +1.8% |
| 2011 | 2,019 | −2.0% |
| 2016 | 2,133 | +5.6% |
| 2021 | 1,803 | −15.5% |
Population amounts prior to 2015 are total of Rivers (town) and Daly (rural municipality). Source: Statistics Canada :
In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Riverdale had a population of 1,803 living in 714 of its 788 total private dwellings, a change of -15.5% from its 2016 population of 2,133. With a land area of 576.02 km$^2$ (222.40 sq mi), it had a population density of 3.1/km$^2$ (8.1/sq mi) in 2021.
# Neolamprologus christyi

Neolamprologus christyi is a species of cichlid endemic to Lake Tanganyika. This species can reach a length of 13.7 centimetres (5.4 in) TL. It can also be found in the aquarium trade.

## Etymology

This cichlid's specific name honours the British naturalist and explorer Cuthbert Christy (1863-1932) who worked for the Belgian Governemant and who collected the type in either 1926 or 1927.
# Korea National Railroad College

Korea National Railroad College was a national university located in Uiwang, South Korea. In 2012 it merged with Chungju National University to form the Korea National University of Transportation.