OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# John Chalmers (missionary)

John Chalmers (1825–1899) was a Scottish Protestant missionary in late Qing Dynasty China and translator. His work An English and Cantonese Pocket Dictionary (1859) popularized the term "Cantonese". Before 1859, Cantonese was referred in English as "the Canton dialect".
Chalmers served with the London Missionary Society. He wrote several works on the Chinese language, including, in 1866, the first translation into English of Lao Tzu's Tao Te Ching (which he called the Tau Teh King).

## Works

* Chalmers, John (1855). "A Chinese Phonetic Vocabulary, Containing all the most common characters, with their sounds in the Canton Dialect". Hong Kong: London Missionary Society's Press. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
* John Chalmers (1859). An English and Cantonese pocket dictionary: for the use of those who wish to learn the spoken language of Canton Province. Printed at the London Missionary Society's Press. p. 159. Retrieved 2011-07-06.
* Chalmers, John (1866). Origin of the Chinese. Hong Kong: De Souza & Co.
* John Chalmers (1868). The Speculations on Metaphysics, Polity and Morality of "The Old Philosopher," Lau-tsze. London: Trubner. p. 62. Retrieved 2013-01-20.
* John Chalmers (1882). An account of the structure of Chinese characters under 300 primary forms: after the Shwoh-wan, 100 A.D., and the phonetic Shwoh-wan, 1833. Trübner & co. p. 199. Retrieved 2011-07-06.
# Rogério Lourenço

Rogério Moraes Lourenço (born March 20, 1971, in Rio de Janeiro), is a Brazilian football manager and former centre back.
He has managed Saudi Arabia Under-20 team since 28 March 2011.

## Honours
### Player

Flamengo
* Taça Guanabara: 1988, 1989, 2001
* Copa do Brasil: 1990
* Taça Rio: 1991, 2000
* Campeonato Carioca: 1991, 2000, 2001
* Campeonato Brasileiro Série A: 1992
Cruzeiro
* Campeonato Mineiro: 1996, 1997
* Copa do Brasil: 1996
* Copa Libertadores: 1997

### Manager

Brazil U-20
* South American Youth Championship: 2009
# Mark Phelan

Mark Phelan (born 1982) is an Irish hurler who played as a right corner-back for the Kilkenny senior team.
Phelan joined the team during the 2004 Walsh Cup and was a regular member of the team for two seasons. During that time he failed to win any honours at senior level. He has won two All-Ireland and 3 Leinster winners' medals in the intermediate grade.
At club level Phelan is a one-time county club championship medalist with Glenmore.
# Upbit

Upbit is a South Korean cryptocurrency exchange founded in 2017. It is operated by Dunamu, which is one of the highest-valued startups in South Korea.

## History

Upbit launched in South Korea on October 24, 2017, with the help of their partnership with American cryptocurrency exchange Bittrex.
Sirgoo Lee was named CEO of Dunamu, Upbit's parent company, on December 21, 2017, with Dunamu founder and CEO Chi-hyung Song assuming the role of chairman. Lee previously served as Co-CEO of Kakao Corp. and JOINS, Inc.
Approximately two months after its launch, Upbit became the top global cryptocurrency exchange in terms of 24-hour trading volume.
On May 10, 2018, its main office was raided as part of a fraud probe.
The exchange began expanding into Southeast Asia in late 2018, first by launching in Singapore on October 30, and then beginning services in Indonesia starting January 2019, and Thailand starting January 2021.
On December 21, 2018, three Upbit officials were indicted for allegedly making fake orders. The exchange has denied the allegations.
In December 2018, Upbit became the first cryptocurrency exchange in the world to receive certifications from the Korea Internet and Security Agency for Information Security Management System (ISMS) and the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) for information security (ISO 27001), cloud security (ISO 27017) and cloud privacy (ISO 27018).
On November 27, 2019, Upbit lost about US$48.5 million worth of Ethereum from a hack.
In September 2021, South Korea started to regulate virtual asset service providers.
# Orkhonsaikhany Bayarjavkhlan

Orkhonsaikhany Bayarjavkhlan (Mongolian: Орхонсаиханы Баяржавхлан; born 4 May 1984) is a Mongolian international footballer. He has appeared twice for the Mongolia national football team.
# Magomed Abdulhamidov

Magomed Abdulhamidov (born November 16, 1986, Makhachkala) is an Azerbaijani boxer. At the 2012 Summer Olympics, he competed in the Men's bantamweight, but was defeated in the second round.
Abdulhamidov was involved in a controversial bout during the 2012 games. He was initially declared the winner in his second fight against Satoshi Shimizu of Japan due to controversial judging and refereeing. At the beginning of the third round, he was leading by 7 points; however, in the last 2 minutes of that round, Abdulhamidov began to tire. Shimizu repeatedly knocked him down, 6 times in total. AIBA officially overturned the ruling after an appeal by the Japanese Coach stating that Abdulhamidov should have been given at least 3 warnings and therefore disqualified. Shimizu went on to take the bronze medal.
# Żmijewo-Kuce

Żmijewo-Kuce is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Stupsk, within Mława County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately 7 kilometres (4 mi) south-east of Stupsk, 18 km (11 mi) south-east of Mława, and 93 km (58 mi) north of Warsaw.
# Neal Morgan Jr.

Neal Morgan (born Lowell O'Neal Morgan Jr.) was an author, columnist, coach of college and high school football, Democratic political activist and academic administrator. Morgan published two books during his lifetime, Play It from The Heart (published June 1, 1999), and Karankawa County: Short Stories from a Corner of Texas (published October 1, 2001). Morgan spent 12 years contributing a weekly column on politics and life to The Port Arthur News, a local newspaper in Port Arthur, Texas. Morgan had a long and manifold coaching career. After a four-year stint as head coach of the Bulldogs at Nederland High School (1972–75), Morgan coached at Howard College in Big Spring, Trinity University in San Antonio, and Sam Houston State University in Huntsville. His first head coaching assignment was at Old Lutcher Stark in Orange. During his time in Orange he gave Wade Phillips his first job in coaching by hiring him as his rookie defensive coordinator. When Morgan noticed the trend of the top athletes going to West Orange, he joined the coaching staff at the University of North Texas in Denton. Morgan has also published multiple articles in The Texas Observer and Texas Monthly magazine.
# Louis P. Fuhrmann

Louis P. Fuhrmann (1868–1931) was Mayor of the City of Buffalo, New York, serving 1910–1917. He was born in Buffalo, New York on November 7, 1868. He grew up on the city's east side, graduated from Central High School, and began working in the meat packing industry. In 1892, he started his own meat-packing business at 1010 Clinton Street. He married Alice S. Meald on July 13, 1900.
In 1905, Fuhrmann was first elected a member of the Board of Aldermen from the Fifth Ward. He was elected on November 2, 1909, as the Democratic candidate. Fuhrmann narrowly defeated Councilman Jacob Siegrist 35,384 to 34,145. The race was so narrow that the 6 P.M. edition of the Buffalo Evening News called the race for Siegrist, before correcting it in the "EXTRA" edition.
In 1913, Fuhrmann was narrowly renominated as the Democratic candidate. Mayor Fuhrmann lost the endorsement of the Democratic Party, who selected Black Rock maltster George J. Meyer. Mayor Fuhrmann went on to defeat him in the September 16th primary.
He was elected to a second term on November 4, 1913. He defeated Progressive and Citizens candidate John Lord O'Brian and Republican Thomas Stoddart. Fuhrmann prevailed with 30,219 votes to O'Brian's 23,757 and Stoddart's 13,447. During this term, America entered World War I and the Mayor was integral in assisting the Federal Government in coordination of the American forces. He was defeated in his quest for a third term on November 6, 1917, and returned to his meat packing business.
In 1917, he was elected president of the Buffalo Baseball and Amusement Company and, in 1922, appointed a member of the Buffalo Board of Education. He died on February 23, 1931, and was buried in Forest Lawn Cemetery.
# Mark Troy

Mark Troy (born 2003) is an Irish hurler. At club level he plays with Ballinamere and at inter-county level with the Offaly senior hurling team. He is a son of Jim Troy.

## Career

Troy first played hurling to a high standard as a student at Coláiste Choilm in Tullamore. After progressing through the juvenile and underage ranks as an outfield player with the Ballinamere club, he made his senior team debut in 2021. Troy has also lined out for SETU Carlow in the Fitzgibbon Cup.
Troy first appeared on the inter-county scene during a spell with the Offaly minor hurling team, which culminated with a defeat by Kilkenny in the 2020 Leinster minor final. He immediately progressed to the under-20 team and was in goal when they lost the 2023 All-Ireland under-20 final to Cork.
Troy made his senior team debut in a defeat by Carlow in a National Hurling League game against Wexford in 2024, and quickly established himself as first-choice goalkeeper. He won a Joe McDonagh Cup medal in his debut season after a defeat of Laois in the final.

## Honours
### Offaly

* Joe McDonagh Cup: 2024
* Leinster Under-20 Hurling Championship: 2023
# 2016 Civic Democratic Party leadership election

The Civic Democratic Party (ODS) leadership election of 2016 was a part of party's congress. The incumbent leader Petr Fiala was unopposed. Fiala was re-elected when he received 93% of votes from delegates.

## Background

Petr Fiala is the leader of ODS since 2014 when he defeated Miroslava Němcová. In 2016, he received nomination from all 13 regional organisations and his reelection was considered certain. Fiala ran uncontested. Fiala's leadership was praised for saving the party because ODS suffered heavy losses in 2013 and there was a threat that party could lose its parliamentary seats in future. Fiala managed to stabilise party's support.

## Voting

| Candidate | Vote | % | % |
| Petr Fiala | 436 | 92% | |
| Against | 34 | 8% | |
# Murad Allahverdiyev

Murad Allahverdiyev (born 29 August 2002) is an Azerbaijani boxer. He competed at the 2023 European Games, winning the bronze medal in the men's light heavyweight event. He also competed at the 2024 Summer Olympics in the men's 80 kg event, but was defeated in the quarter-final by Nurbek Oralbay.
# Namat language

Namat (or Potaia) is a Yam language spoken in Western Province, Papua New Guinea.
# Queer manicure

A lesbian manicure (also known as a queer manicure, lesbian nails, femmicure etc.) is a style or trend of manicure intended to allow lesbians and other queer people in the LGBT community to safely and easily perform digital penetration during sex. The most distinct and modern form of the manicure entails long nail extensions on every finger apart from the index finger, middle finger, and sometimes thumb of the dominant hand, thus preventing injury or discomfort to the vulva or vagina during intercourse while otherwise maintaining the fashion of long acrylic nails in one's daily life. The style is often seen as a public expression or symbol of lesbian identity, particularly on the femme side of the femme–butch spectrum, while manicure and nail art are more broadly seen as a recurring topic across the community and are frequently seen in spaces such as the drag subculture.

## History and culture

The lesbian community has historically been closely associated with unilaterally short nails, such that a 2018 poll by the queer women's website Autostraddle found that 95% of respondents wore short nails, and the length of a woman's nails was sometimes associated in popular culture as a factor in "gaydar". Lesbian women have sometimes described studying a woman's hands, nails, or fingers to evaluate them as a potential partner.
The portrayal of short nails as a "standard" among queer women was popularized by works of queer fiction like The L Word, though this is sometimes considered a stereotype. The combination of differing nail lengths arose as a compromise between an aesthetic preference for long, sharp nails, particularly among femme lesbians, and the practicality of using the index and middle fingers, nicknamed the "party fingers", for vaginal penetration during intercourse between cisgender women. Both shorter nails overall and the 'party fingers' style of manicure have become symbols of lesbian pride or a form of mutual identification between queer women in public.
The style and its significance to the lesbian community was praised in the Los Angeles Times, but it also included a warning by Canadian writer Kinsey Clarke, who wears the style herself, against centering more affluent white women when discussing symbols of lesbian culture. Other proponents of the manicure include Mina Q, a Los Angeles stand-up performer, and Natalie Minerva, a professional nail artist for HBO's Euphoria responsible for the middle-and-index style sported by star Barbie Ferreira. A writer for Allure also spoke of her favorable experience with the sex positivity surrounding the manicure and its growing visibility.
# Cafercan Aksu

Cafercan Aksu (born 15 January 1987) is a Turkish association football player who plays as a striker for TFF Third League club Siirt İl Özel İdaresi SK.

## Career

Formerly he played for Galatasaray youth team. He was loaned out to Rizespor at the beginning of 2005–06 season but he returned to Galatasaray during winter transfer window. However, without playing one minute in his second spell at the club, he was sent to İstanbul Büyükşehir Belediyespor in summer 2006. In the 2007–08 season, he was loaned to Türk Telekom League A side Orduspor. For 2008–09 season he is loaned to Gaziantep Büyükşehir Belediyespor.
# Misri Khan Orakzai

Misri Khan Orakzai (c. 1962 – 14 September 2010), who had been a journalist for the Daily Ausaf and Daily Mashriq and was the president of the Hangu Union of Journalists, was from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, Pakistan and was shot and killed at the press club in Hangu by the Pakistani Taliban, or Tehrik-e Taliban, for negative coverage.

## Personal

Misri Khan Orakzai was born in Pakistan in the year 1962. Orakzai was married with a total of six sons and five daughters.

## Career

Misri Khan Orakzai had been an Urdu-language journalist almost 30 years at the time of his murder. Early in his career, he worked for several different daily newspapers, such as Jinnah and Daily Ausaf in Islamabad and Daily Mashriq in Peshawar. Orakzai founded and ran the Misri Khan News Agency, the main news source in Hangu. Khan was president of the Hangu Union of Journalists in the Hangu district of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.

## Death

Misri Khan Orakzai had been threatened before his murder, according to Orakzai's son Umer Farooq. Another son of his had been abducted 1 March 2009. The fatal attack on Orakzai took place 14 September 2010. One of Misri's sons said this after his father's death: "As far as we know, the incident is the result of his reporting."
Orakzai was outside of a press club of the Hangu Union of Journalists around 6:30 a.m. waiting for a delivery of newspapers. Three unidentified men shot him at least four times and one of those bullets entered his heart. He was taken to the District Headquarters Hospital in Hangu where he died. They said that he was receiving several death threats from terrorist groups because of what he had been reporting.
The terrorist group Tehreek-e-Taliban threatened Orakzai and other journalists and claimed responsibility for his murder for publishing negative stories about the Taliban. Ehsanullah Ehsan, a spokesman for the Taliban, contacted a journalist in Peshawar, the provincial capital, and said, "We killed him because he twisted the facts."

## Reactions

Irina Bokova, director-general of UNESCO, said, "I condemn the killing of Misri Khan Orakzai ... In carrying out their professional duties, they helped to uphold the basic right of freedom of expression. I call on the authorities in Pakistan to do their utmost to arrest the culprits of these crimes and bring them to justice."
President Asif Ali Zardari called Orakzai's murder a "heinous and despicable act of terrorism."
The Hangu Union of Journalists, Khyber Union of Journalists, Tribal Union of Journalists, and Pakistan Federal Union of Journalists all condemned the attack on Orakzai, demanded the authorities arrest the perpetrators, set a mourning period of three days and threatened protests if the government didn't take action. A demonstration was held to make their case.
# Tsolak Ananikyan

Tsolak Ananikyan (Armenian: Ցոլակ Անանիկյան; born 25 November 1987) is an Armenian amateur boxer.
Ananikyan won a silver medal at the 2008 European Amateur Boxing Championships in the heavyweight division.
# Hirotaro Higuchi

Hirotaro Higuchi (樋口 廣太郎, Higuchi Hirotaro, January 25, 1926 - September 16, 2012) was a Japanese business executive, the representative director and president of The Sumitomo Bank, the representative director and president of Asahi Breweries, and the vice chairman of Keidanren.

## Career

Hirotaro Higuchi was born to the family running futon shop in Kyoto in 1926. He graduated from Hikone Commercial College (now, Shiga University). and joined Nomura Securities and got a new job in Nomura Bank (later, The Daiwa Bank, now, Resona Bank). After leaving Nomura Bank, he entered Kyoto University in 1946. In 1949, he graduated from Kyoto University and joined The Sumitomo Bank.
He moved up through the ranks to the level of director of The Sumitomo Bank in 1973, managing director thereof in 1975, representative & senior managing director thereof in 1979 and the representative director & vice president thereof in 1982. After losing in the presidential race with Ichiro Isoda, in 1986, he became the advisor of Asahi Breweries which was then thought unrebuildable and the representative director & president thereof. He became the representative director & chairman of the board of directors thereof in 1992 and director, advisor and honorary chairman in 1999.
He also served as the vice chairman of Keidanren, the president of New National Theatre Foundation, the chairman of Osaka Securities Exchange and the special adviser to the Cabinet.
# Żmijewo-Ponki

Żmijewo-Ponki is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Stupsk, within Mława County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately 5 kilometres (3 mi) south-east of Stupsk, 16 km (10 mi) south-east of Mława, and 94 km (58 mi) north of Warsaw.
# Library hand

Library hand is a rounded style of handwriting once taught in library schools. The intention was to ensure uniformity and legibility in the handwritten cards of library catalogs. Beginning in September 1885, Melvil Dewey and Thomas Edison developed and perfected the approved library hand to be taught in library school and used in libraries. The penmanship was based on Edison's own handwriting in which he stated that "I had perfected a style of handwriting which would allow me to take legibly from the wire, long hand, forty-seven and even fifty-four words a minute".
The 1903 Handbook of the New York State Library School listed the requirements of library hand. They included legibility, speed, and uniformity. The particular type of ink, inkstands, pens, penholders, and erasers was specified. The standards for lettering were dictated in regard to size, slant, spacing, special letters and figures, and even the proper posture and position of the writer was outlined.
The teaching of library hand declined after the widespread introduction of the typewriter in the early 20th century.
# Fokker K.I

The Fokker K.I (Kampfflugzeug - "Battleplane"), company designation M.9, was a German experimental biplane built during World War I by the Fokker-Flugzeugwerke (Fokker Aircraft Company). It was intended to meet a need by the Fliegertruppen des deutschen Kaiserreiches (Imperial German Air Service) for an aircraft that could defend itself against Entente fighters armed with machine guns. Fokker had had only limited resources available for the project and Anthony Fokker, the company's owner and chief designer, could not devote a lot of time or material to the K.I, given the demands on his time and the company's resources. The limited flight testing conducted by Fokker revealed multiple problems with the aircraft's center of gravity and structural strength. Resolving these issues was beyond Fokker's resources at that time and he ordered the K.I scrapped.

## Background and development

The company had been forced to focus on expanding its facilities and workforce to satisfy the plethora of orders that it had received after the beginning of the war in 1914 and the K.I was Anthony Fokker's first new design since the war began. The Imperial German Air Service had expressed concerns about the vulnerability of its reconnaissance aircraft to Entente fighters and Fokker decided to see what might be possible without devoting a lot of time to the project. As interrupter gear that allowed guns to safely fire through a spinning propeller was still under development, including by Fokker, this meant a design that maximized the field of fire of its gunner(s). Fokker devised an unusual three-seat design with a central nacelle with engines at each end in a push-pull configuration that was flanked on each side by booms with gunners positioned at their front.
First flown in 1915, the M.9 had two M.7 fuselages and tails, without engines, mounted on the lower wing. To this was added a central with two seven-cylinder, 80 hp Oberursel U.0 rotary engines, one at either end. The crew of three included a pilot in the nacelle, and one gunner positioned at the nose of each fuselage.
Mounting the two fuselages on the wings with no connection between them further aft turned out to be a mistake. Fokker was still using wing warping instead of ailerons for roll control, so when the wings were warped, the fuselages were deflected in opposite directions, either up or down depending upon which way the aircraft was rolled. This led to some very divergent flight characteristics. The test program was brief.