OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# John Scott (physician, died 1846)

John Scott (1798 – 11 April 1846) was an English surgeon.

## Biography

Scott was only son of James Scott, a general practitioner of medicine, living at Bromley in Kent. His father acquired a large practice, and was particularly successful in the treatment of chronic ulcers and of diseased joints. John Scott was educated first at a private school in Sevenoaks, and afterwards at the Charterhouse. He was then apprenticed to Sir William Blizard, the senior surgeon to the London Hospital in Whitechapel. He was admitted a licentiate of the Society of Apothecaries on 29 April 1819, and a member of the Royal College of Surgeons of England on 2 June 1820.
He practised with his father at Bromley for a short time, but after marrying he came to London, and was living in New Broad Street in 1824. On 24 November 1826 he was elected surgeon to the Ophthalmic Hospital in Moorfields in succession to [Sir] William Lawrence. Scott was elected assistant surgeon to the London Hospital on 18 July 1827. He was appointed full surgeon on 28 March 1831, resigning on 3 Dec. 1845. He died at Brighton, after a prolonged illness, on 11 April 1846.
Scott revolutionised one department of surgery by introducing the passive treatment of diseased joints. His method, however, was distasteful to his contemporaries owing to the unnecessary complications with which he surrounded it; but stripped of these, his principle remained a potent factor in surgery. He treated chronic ulcers by the method his father had taught him of strapping the leg from the toes upwards, and he was thus opposed to Thomas Baynton's method, which consisted in applying the strapping for only a short distance above the ulcer. Scott's dressing and Scott's ointment became known to every student of surgery, though they are now rarely used. His dressing had, as its base, a camphorated mercurial compound. Constant practice is said to have rendered him the most skilful bandager in London, at a time when bandaging in the London hospitals was almost a fine art.
Scott was distinguished as a surgeon by the rapidity and by the general accuracy of his diagnosis. He displayed great decision and energy in the treatment of his patients. He was a bold, but not particularly brilliant operator, and he is said to have been the first surgeon in England to remove the upper jaw. He was of an uncertain and irritable temper, which disease sometimes rendered overbearing.
His works are:
* ‘Surgical Observations on … Chronic Inflammations … particularly in Diseases of the Joints,’ 8vo, London, 1828; a new edit. by W. H. Smith, London, 8vo, 1857: a most valuable work, for it lays down very clearly the necessity for putting at rest diseased joints.
* ‘Cases of Tic-douloureux and other Forms of Neuralgia,’ 8vo, London, 1834.
* ‘Cataract and its Treatment,’ 8vo, London, 1843: the object of this work was to introduce a sickle-shaped knife, but the instrument never came into general use.
# 1,3-Dithiolane

1,3-Dithiolane is the organosulfur compound with the formula CH$_2$S$_2$C$_2$H$_4$. Also classified as a heterocycle related cyclopentane by replacing two methylene bridges (-CH $_2$- units) with thioether groups. It is an isomer of 1,2-dithiolane. 1,3-Dithiolanes are compounds where one or more H atoms of the parent 1,3-dithiolane are replaced by other groups. These species are more widely studied.

## Synthesis

A common family of 1,3-dithiolanes have the formula RCHS$_2$C$_2$H$_4$. They are obtained by treating an aldehyde with 1,2-ethanedithiol. Related compounds with the formula R$_2$CS$_2$C$_2$H$_4$ are obtained by condensation of 1,2-ethanedithiol with ketones. The dithiolane protected aldehydes and ketones are amenable to many reactions without perturbing the dithiolane ring.
Dithiolanes can often be reverted, i.e., deprotected, to the parent aldehyde and ketone. A variety of reagents have been developed for that purpose.

## Reactions

1,3-Dithiolanes derived from aldehydes can be deprotonated:
    RCHS$_2$C$_2$H$_4$ + BuLi → RCLiS$_2$C$_2$H$_4$ + BuH
These organolithium compounds degrade with loss of ethylene to give the dthiocarboxylate:
    RCLiS$_2$C$_2$H$_4$ → RCS$_2$Li + C$_2$H$_4$
In contrast, 2-lithio-1,3-dithianes (RCLiS$_2$C$_3$H$_6$) are long-lived.
1,3-Dithiolanes are susceptible to a variety of degradation processes involving organometallic reagents leading to other organosulfur compounds.
# Mecosta (YTM-392)

Originally contracted to be built as YT‑392 on 7 April 1941, Mecosta (YTB‑392) was laid down by Consolidated Shipbuilding Corp., Morris Heights, N.Y., 13 September 1944; launched 28 October 1944: and placed in service 20 January 1945.
Mecosta was assigned to Service Squadron 1, Service Force, Atlantic Fleet, for a year of towing and salvage duties from arrival off the European coast 1 March. In March 1946 she transferred to the Naval Operating Base at Bermuda for support service as a large harbor tug for the next 9 years. She was redesignated YTM‑392 on 1 February 1962. Mecosta began operations with the Atlantic Fleet, based from Norfolk, Va., in March 1965, continuing her service to the fleet into 1969.
In 1981, she was acquired for commercial service by Seabrook Towing Incorporated and renamed South Carolina. Seabrook was purchased by McAllister Brothers Towing in 1987, with the tug retaining her name. In 2002, she was acquired by Tucker Roy Marine Towing and Salvage Company and renamed R. Marcel Roy. She operated under this name until she was scrapped in 2012.
# Luis Piedrahita

Luis Piedrahita Cuesta (born 1977) is a Spanish stand-up comedian, magician, script writer, broadcaster and author. He is known as "El Rey de las Cosas Pequeñas" ("The King of Small Things"), due to his monologues in which he critiques the lack of regard of everyday things such as toilet lids, carnivorous plants, etc.

## Early life and education

He was born in A Coruña, Spain on February 19, 1977. Although his mother's family is from Pego, he went to school at "Santa María del Mar", of the Jesuits. Luis also went to the Adormideras school for a short period of time. He became a magic fanatic at a very young age and won several prizes. In 1998, he won second place in the magic contest at the congress of MagicValongo in Portugal. A year later, he was named the Magic Champion of Spain. Luis Piedrahita also won the First Contest of Monologues on the TV Spanish television show "The Comedy Club." After that, he became a script writer and actor on the show.
Luis Piedrahita studied Audiovisual Communications at the University of Navarra and specialized in script writing. After graduating, he was hired by Telecinco (one of the largest TV networks of Spain). In September 2008 he had his gallbladder removed and auctioned it off on the popular television show El Hormiguero. The profits were donated to the children affected by the West Syndrome.

## Career

He became widely known as scriptwriter in three seasons of the Spanish TV program El Club de la Comedia (The Comedy Club). In addition to working on the series Partners in Crime for Columbia Tri Star Pictures in Los Angeles, US, he occasionally collaborates in the Spanish TV program El Hormiguero. He has published two books: Un cacahuete flotando en una piscina ("A peanut floating in a swimming pool", 2005) and ¿Cada cuánto hay que echar a lavar un pijama? ("How often should you wash your pyjamas?", 2006)
In 1999 he won the Spanish Premio Nacional de Magia (National Magic Award).
He co-directed and co-wrote the 2007 thriller La habitación de Fermat, later released internationally as Fermat's Room.
He has been collaborating with his writing partner Rodrigo Sopeña for more than 12 years, since they went together to the university. They wrote a script for an animation Spanish studio Ilion Animation Studios and their next project will be Golpe de efecto, a heist movie "with no guns".
In 2016 he won an Academy of the Magical Arts Award.
# Cleland Boyd McAfee

Cleland Boyd McAfee (September 25, 1866 – February 4, 1944) was an American theologian, Presbyterian minister and hymn writer, best known for penning the gospel hymn, "Near to the Heart of God," and its tune called "McAfee". He wrote the song after the concurrent deaths of two of his young nieces, caused by diphtheria. He also is believed to be the creator of the acronym TULIP, which represents the Five Points of Calvinism.
McAfee was born in Ashley, Missouri, in 1866, as one of five children. His father, John Armstrong McAfee, was the founder of Park College in Parkville, Missouri and its president from 1875 until his death in 1890. The son graduated from Park College in 1884, and later graduated from Union Theological Seminary in New York. McAfee went on to serve as a professor of philosophy, choir director, pastor and dean of Park College until 1901, when he left to minister at the First Presbyterian Church of Chicago. McAfee moved from First Presbyterian in 1904, to pastor the Lafayette Avenue Church of Brooklyn, in Brooklyn, New York. McAfee also taught systematic theology at McCormick Theological Seminary, from 1912 to 1930.
In 1912, McAfee authored the treatise, "The Greatest English Classic: A Study Of The King James Version Of The Bible." He was moderator of the General Assembly of Presbyterian Church in the United States of America, and led the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions from 1930 to 1936. He died in 1944.
On August 10, 1892, McAfee married Harriet "Hattie" Lawson Brown; they had three children, Ruth Myrtle, Katharine Agnes, and Mildred Helen.
Mildred Helen McAfee Horton went on to become president of Wellesley College (1936-1949) and the first director of WAVES (Women Accepted for Volunteer Emergency Service) in the United States Navy (1942–46).
# Peter Jacobs (fencer)

Peter Jacobs MBE (born 26 September 1938) is a British épée fencer who competed at the Olympics.

## Early and personal life

Jacobs was born in Pinner, Greater London, Great Britain, to Jewish parents. He attended Queens' College, Cambridge, where he studied Classics.

## Fencing career

Jacobs was a three-time fencing Blue from 1960–62, and was on the winning team each time. In 1960, he became the first post-war undergraduate to win the UK’s oldest épée competition, the Miller-Hallett Cup. He also won the Universities Athletic Union épée title in 1961.
Having missed out on a medal by a single hit at the 1961 Summer Universiade in Sofia, Jacobs won the épée title two years later at the 1963 event in Porto Alegre, Brazil. In between the two Universiades he was a three times British fencing champion winning the épée title at the British Fencing Championships in 1962, 1964 and 1970.
In total, Jacobs won five British Empire/Commonwealth Games medals - a bronze medal in men's épée and a gold medal in team épée at the 1962 Commonwealth Games in Perth, Western Australia, team gold at the 1966 Commonwealth Games in Kingston, Jamaica and again at the 1970 Commonwealth Games in Edinburgh, where he also won an individual bronze medal.
Jacobs won one world championship medal, a team épée silver at the 1965 World Fencing Championships in Paris.
Jacobs competed in individual and team épée at the 1964 Summer Olympics in Tokyo, topping his pool in the first round with a 6–1 win–loss record. Four years later he again represented Great Britain in team épée at the 1968 Summer Olympics in Mexico City.
He went to a third Games in Montreal in 1976 as the Great Britain fencing captain. He was captain of the British épée team from 1971–76 and was the overall team manager from 1973–76.
Jacobs wrote the foreword to the book entitled Fencing: Techniques of Foil, Epee and Sabre by Brian Pitman (1988). He served on the Executive Committee of the Fédération Internationale d'Escrime (FIE) for 24 years, 12 as secretary-treasurer, and stepped down in 2013 and was elected to the Legal Commission. He was an A-graded FIE épée referee and worked on the Directoire Technique (DT) at multiple FIE world championships and Olympic Games.
He was appointed a Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE) in the 2019 New Year Honours for services to British and International Fencing.
# Krajačići

Krajačići is a village in municipality of Brodski Stupnik in the central part of Brod-Posavina County.
# Joseph Grant (poet)

Joseph Grant (26 May 1805 – 14 April 1835) was a Scottish poet.

## Life

Grant was born 26 May 1805 at his father's farm of Affrusk in Kincardineshire. As a child he was employed on the farm in the summer, and during the winter picked up what learning he could at a village school. When only fourteen he began to write verses. In 1831 he was engaged as assistant to a shopkeeper at Stonehaven, and afterwards was employed as a clerk at Dundee, first in the office of the Guardian newspaper, and then in that of a writer to the signet. He died 14 April 1835 at Affrusk.
There is a memorial to him in the graveyard at Strachan, Aberdeenshire 'Erected by his father and mother, Robert and Isabel Grant'. It is inscribed 'In memory of Joseph Grant, author of Tales of the Glens and other pieces in prose and verse, who died 14 April 1835 aged 30 years'.

## Works

Grant's poems were mainly written in Scots, but some are in English. Besides tales and sketches contributed to Chambers's Journal between 1830 and 1835, he published:
* 'Juvenile Lays,'; 1828.
* 'Kincardineshire Traditions,' 1830, in verse.
At the time of his death he was preparing Tales of the Glens: with Ballads and Songs. This collection was published in 1836, 'with a memoir of the author by R. Nicoll.'
# Shahrak-e Bala

Shahrak-e Bala (Persian: شهرك بالا) may refer to:
* Shahrak-e Bala, East Azerbaijan
* Shahrak-e Bala, Kurdistan
# Jamil Adam

Jamil Buba Adam (born 5 June 1991) is an English footballer of Nigerian and Irish descent who plays as a striker for Flint Town United, having previously played for Championship side Barnsley.

## Career

Adam began his youth career with Premiership side Manchester City where he won the club's 2008 Academy Player of the Year. After leaving City, Jamil joined Championship side Barnsley and made his debut in the final game of the 2007–08 season against Cardiff City. Next season, Adam bagged a brace in the first friendly match in the 4–1 win at Buxton and the following day, he scored against Glossop North End for Barnsley.
At the end of the 2009–10 season, Jamil was named Barnsley's Young Player of the Year.
On 12 January 2011, Adam left Barnsley by mutual consent after making one league appearance for The Tykes and also making a brief substitute appearance in the FA Cup against West Ham.

## International career

Adam is eligible to play for England, Nigeria, or Ireland. He has previously been called up to Nigeria underage sides but has since made his debut for the Republic of Ireland Under-19 side and played in the UEFA Championship first qualifying stage in San Marino in November 2009 where he scored in a 5–0 victory. He scored his second goal for the U19 side in a 4–2 win over Poland Under-19s.
Jamil also represented the Republic of Under-19 side in the Clarion Hotels U19 Four Nations Tournament where he made two substitute appearances against Turkey Under-19s and Holland Under-19s.

## Honours
### Barnsley

2010 Young Player of the Year
# Margaret Moyes Black

Margaret Moyes Black (pseudonym, M.B. Fife; 1853–1935) was a Scottish novelist and biographer. She was born on 27 April 1853 in the parish of Scoonie, Fife. Her father was William Black, a shipmaster, and her mother was Margaret Moyes Deas. She wrote her first novel, In Glenoran, under the pseudonym of M.B. Fife. Of the volume on Robert Louis Stevenson, in the Famous Scots Series, Black stated in her preface that it is, "only a reminiscence and an appreciation by one who, in the old days between 1869 and 1880, knew him and his home circle well." She was unmarried and died on 16 October 1935 at Montrose, Angus.

## Selected works

* In Glenoran. [A Novel.] Edinburgh & London: Oliphant, Anderson and Ferrier, 1888 (pseudonym).
* Tempted: An Episode. Edinburgh & London: Oliphant, Anderson and Ferrier, 1889.
* Between the Ferries. A Story of Highland Life. Edinburgh & London: Oliphant, Anderson and Ferrier, 1890
* Disinherited. Edinburgh & London: Oliphant, Anderson and Ferrier, 1891
* A Woman and Pitiful. A Deeside Story. Edinburgh & London: Oliphant, Anderson and Ferrier, 1893
* The Ghost of Gairn. A Tale of "The Forty-Five.". Edinburgh & London: Oliphant, Anderson and Ferrier, 1894
* The House of Cargill. A Tale of the Smuggling Days. Edinburgh & London: Oliphant, Anderson and Ferrier, 1895.
* A Most Provoking Girl. A Tale of the East Coast, etc. Edinburgh & London: Oliphant, Anderson and Ferrier, [1896.]
* Facts and Fancies about Flowers. Edinburgh & London: Oliphant, Anderson and Ferrier, 1897. Series: Science Talks to Young Thinkers
* Robert Louis Stevenson, Edinburgh: Oliphant, Anderson and Ferrier, Aug 1898, ("Famous Scots Series")
# John Olufemi

John Olufemi Otuagomah Sfondo (born 7 April 1984 in Lagos) is a Nigerian footballer.

## Career

Olufemi was on loan to Rovigo from Palermo in summer 2006, but in January 2007, he left for Bellinzona. He then transferred to FC Locarno in February 2008, in a deal effective as of summer 2008.
# Carmen Sylva forest path

45°20′00″N 14°17′50″E﻿ / ﻿45.33333°N 14.29722°E﻿ / 45.33333; 14.29722
The Carmen Sylva forest path (Croatian: Šetalište Carmen Sylve) is a trail in Opatija, Croatia.
The forest path, which starts approx. 45°20'00.3"N 14°17'50.0"E and ends approx. 45°20'58.7"N 14°18'35.5"E, was originally called "King Carol's Forest Trail" (König-Carol-Waldweg). King Carol I of Romania came to Opatija in April 1896 and stayed in the Villa Angiolina together with his wife Elisabeth (née Elisabeth of Wied), also known by her literary name of Carmen Sylva. King Carol I is said to have discovered the trail during a horse ride in the woods beneath Veprinac. A plaque today commemorates Baron Arthur Schmidt-Zabierow, the former district principal of Volosko, who constructed the path with funds donated by King Carol.
# Mostafa Fateh

Mostafa Fateh (Persian: مصطفی فاتح, romanized: Moṣṭafā Fāteḥ) was an Iranian economist and socialist politician who led the Comrades Party in the 1940s.
From 1921 to 1951, Fateh served in the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company (APOC) and is noted as the company's highest-ranking Iranian employee for decades.
# Permaisuri Lake Gardens

Permaisuri Lake Gardens (Malay: Taman Tasik Permaisuri) is an urban park in Bandar Sri Permaisuri, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

## Description

The gardens feature a large central lake that was a byproduct of tin mining activities under British Rule. Later on, the area was cleaned up and developed into a park. Permaisuri Lake Gardens has an area of 49.4 hectares or 122 acres. It was officially opened by D.Y.M.M Sultanah Zanariah, D.K Raja Permaisuri Agong the 8th on April 2, 1989. This 49.4-hectare lake park was developed in 1984 and is located between Jalan Budiman and Jalan Tenteram, Cheras which is about 15 km from the city centre. It consists of a 14-acre lake with four small islands in it. One of the islands has two rain trees that are heavily used by several species of water birds for nesting. See https://ebird.org/checklist/S198182432 The surrounding area is planted with low trees and shrubs that not only beautify this garden but also serve as a place to shelter from the scorching sun. Its location close to Kuala Lumpur Swimming Complex, Kuala Lumpur Football Association Stadium, DBKL Sports Complex, International Youth Center, DBKL Equestrian Unit, Hospital Canselor Tuanku Muhriz UKM and Bandar Tun Razak Mosque has made it a popular focal point for visitors from inside and outside the city. The main attraction in this park is Laman Iskandar Puteri which is located on a corner of 2 hectares. It is characterized by the Traditional Malay Royal Garden, planted with flowers and equipped with rhythmic water fountains, betel nut-shaped water fountains and an outdoor gym. The park is open from 6.00 am to 8.00 pm every day.

## Architecture

The park spreads across an area of 49.4 hectares (122 acres) with a 5.67-hectare (14.0-acre) of lake. The lake garden has facilities such as a jogging track, cycling track, garden etc.

## Transport

The lake garden is accessible via GO KL City Bus Grey Line or MRT Feeder Bus T401, T402 from both Salak Selatan LRT station (1.7km distance) and Taman Midah MRT station (2.4km distance) .
# Karl Zener

Karl Edward Zener (April 22, 1903 – September 27, 1964) was a perceptual psychologist best known for his affiliation with Dr. Joseph Banks Rhine and their work in the field of extra-sensory perception (ESP).

## Biography

Zener was born in Indianapolis, Indiana the son of German-descent Clarence and Ida Zener, and brother of Katherine (later Mrs. Katherine Humiston) and Clarence (later Dr. Clarence Zener). He received a Ph.B. from the University of Chicago in 1923, followed by M.A. and Ph.D. degrees in psychology from Harvard University in 1924 and 1926. His doctoral thesis was on the psychology of music. He then went on to spend a year as a United States National Research Council Fellow at the University of Berlin before returning to the U.S. After a year of teaching psychology at Princeton University, Zener took up what was to be a lifelong post with Duke University, in Durham, North Carolina.
The main thrust of Zener's work over the next ten years concerned conditioned responses, and during the 1930s he maintained one of the few Pavlovian conditioning laboratories in the U.S. It was also during this time that, along with colleague J. B. Rhine, he devised the card symbols that were used by Rhine in early ESP tests. Rhine called cards bearing these symbols "Zener cards" in honor of his colleague.
Zener's later work focused on theories of perception and the analysis of perceptual experience. With research partner Dr. Mercedes Gaffron, he identified previously unknown aspects of visual processing and comprehension. The resultant Zener-Gaffron theory combined a psychological analysis of perception with then-contemporary findings from the field of biological neuroscience.
Zener was the recipient of the only grant ever given for psychological research by the Ford Foundation Program in Humanities and the Arts. Zener was appointed Chairman of the Department of Psychology at Duke University in 1961, after having served there as the director of graduate studies in psychology for nearly twenty years.
The Zener Auditorium (Room 130, Sociology-Psychology Building) of Duke University is named after him.

## Personal life

Zener married Ann Adams and the couple had three sons: Dr. Karl A. Zener, Dr. Julian C. Zener, and Wilfred Zener. Wilfred, however, died in a tragic drowning accident in 1956.
# Roy Hobbs (tennis)

Roy Hobbs (born 13 August 1989) is a Singaporean tennis player. With a world ranking of #1346 in 2016, Hobbs became and still remains the highest ranked tennis player in Singaporean history.
Hobbs has a career high ATP singles ranking of 1346 achieved on 21 March 2016. He also has a career high ATP doubles ranking of 1166 achieved on 11 April 2016.
Hobbs represents Singapore at the Davis Cup, where he has a W/L record of 37–23. He owns the most Davis Cup wins for Singapore.
# Mohammad Rajablou

Mohammad Rajablou (Persian: محمد رجبلو; born 6 April 1985) is an Iranian cyclist.

## Major results
### 2007

    1st Stage 6 Tour of Iran (Azerbaijan)

### 2010

    8th Overall International Presidency Tour

### 2012

    3rd Overall Tour of Vietnam

### 2016

    1st Stage 4 Tour of Japan
    6th Overall Tour de Singkarak

### 2017

    2nd National Road Race Championships
    2nd National Time Trial Championships
    9th Road race, Asian Road Championships

### 2018

    2nd Team time trial, Asian Road Championships