OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 1969: The Year Everything Changed

1969: The Year Everything Changed is a narrative history book written by American author Rob Kirkpatrick, originally published in 2009.

## Synopsis

Divided into four parts that correspond with the four seasons of the year, the book chronicles the history of 1969 in American society and culture. The author delves into such events as the New York Jets' historic Super Bowl victory, Richard Nixon's inauguration, the birth of punk music and the first Led Zeppelin tour, the publication of The Godfather and release of Easy Rider, the Santa Barbara oil spill and the Cuyahoga River fire, the Battle of Hamburger Hill, the People's Park and Stonewall riots, the Apollo 11 Moon landing, the Chappaquiddick incident, the Woodstock Festival, the Manson Family and Zodiac Killer murders, the Miracle Mets' championship season, the peace movement and the birth of the Weathermen, the Days of Rage, the Occupation of Alcatraz, the murder of Fred Hampton, and the Altamont Free Concert.

## Critical and public reception

1969 received positive reviews upon its publication. In a two-page article in USA Today on January 26, Craig Wilson commented, "The subtitle of his new book, 1969: The Year Everything Changed, may sound hyperbolic, but Kirkpatrick makes a good case that it was a year of 'landmark achievements, cataclysmic episodes and generation-defining events.'" Booklist called it "A riveting look at a pivotal year," and in an e-newsletter to subscribers, The History Channel Magazine described it as "a compelling account of the historic year." Library Journal praised the writing, saying, "Kirkpatrick treats the tumultuous events of 1969 with the skills of a journalist, a historian, a sociologist, and a sportswriter and manages to insert moments of lightness and triviality into his grand tour. He writes as easily about jazz-pop as about the rise of the American Indian Movement," and added, "Nostalgic for some, revelatory for others, this is a worthy addition to the literature of the 1960s."
According to the industry web site Publishers Marketplace, the book made the Amazon eBook General bestseller list in November 1994. It was reissued as a "50th Anniversary Edition" with a new introductory chapter in 2019.

## Popular citations

In the Acknowledgments to her 2019 #1 New York Times-bestselling novel Summer of '69, author Elin Hilderbrand credits Kirkpatrick's book with playing an important role in her research as she tried to "portray the spirit" of Nantucket and Martha's Vineyard in 1969: "I read many, many books, the most helpful of which were Nantucket Only Yesterday: An Island View of the Twentieth Century, by Nantucket legend Robert Mooney, and Rob Kirkpatrick's 1969: The Year Everything Changed." 1969 also is included in the Bibliography for the New York Times bestseller The Vietnam War: An Intimate History, the companion book by Geoffrey C. Ward and Ken Burns for The Vietnam War (TV series).
# Front handspring vaults

Front or forward handspring vaults begin with a front handspring onto the vaulting table, followed by a salto. There are many variations of handspring vaults, including the handspring double salto forward tucked.

## Sources

* Jancosek, Mario; Danko, Maria; Ivankova, Julia; Somos, Andrej; Zivcak, Jozef (2020). "Biomechanical Parameterization of Front Handspring Vaults". Acta Mechanica Slovaca. 24 (2): 6–12. doi:10.21496/ams.2020.016.
* Schärer, Christoph; Lehmann, Thomas; Naundorf, Falk; Taube, Wolfgang; Hübner, Klaus (2019). "The faster, the better? Relationships between run-up speed, the degree of difficulty (D-score), height and length of flight on vault in artistic gymnastics". PLOS ONE. 14 (3): e0213310. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0213310. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 6405201. PMID 30845256.
* Takei, Yoshiaki (1990). "Techniques Used by Elite Women Gymnasts Performing the Handspring Vault at the 1987 Pan American Games". International Journal of Sport Biomechanics. 6 (1): 29–55. doi:10.1123/ijsb.6.1.29.
* Takei, Yoshiaki (1989). "Techniques Used by Elite Male Gymnasts Performing a Handspring Vault at the 1987 Pan American Games". International Journal of Sport Biomechanics. 5 (1): 1–25. doi:10.1123/ijsb.5.1.1.
* Penitente, Gabriella; Sands, William A. (2015). "Exploratory Investigation of Impact Loads During the Forward Handspring Vault". Journal of Human Kinetics. 46 (1): 59–68. doi:10.1515/hukin-2015-0034 (inactive 2024-11-14). PMC 4519222. PMID 26240649.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024 (link)
# John A. Ellet

John Alfred Ellet (June 22, 1838–April 12, 1892) was a lieutenant colonel in the United States Army during the American Civil War.
He commanded the ram USS Lancaster until she sank on March 23, 1863, while attempting to steam past the batteries of Vicksburg, Mississippi, at night. He served as commanding officer of the United States Ram Fleet after his cousin Charles Rivers Ellet stepped down due to illness.
He was the son of Johan Israel and Laura (Scarlett) Ellet, nephew of Colonel Charles Ellet, Jr. and Brigadier General Alfred W. Ellet and cousin to Charles Rivers Ellet.
He died in Boulder, Colorado and was interred at Columbia Cemetery.

## Namesakes

USS Ellet (DD-398), which was in service in 1939–46, was named in honor of John A. Ellet and other members of his family.
# Peter I

Peter I may refer to:

## Religious hierarchs

* Saint Peter (c. 1 AD – c. 64–68 AD), a.k.a. Simon Peter, Simeon, or Simon, apostle of Jesus
* Pope Peter I of Alexandria (died 311), revered as a saint
* Peter I of Armenia (died 1058), Catholicos of the Armenian Apostolic Church
* Peter I (bishop of León) (died after June 1112)
* Peter I (archbishop of Lyon) (died 1139), a Benedictine monk

## Rulers

* Peter I of Bulgaria (died 970), emperor (tsar) of Bulgaria
* Peter I of Savoy (c. 1048–1078), count of Savoy
* Peter I of Aragon and Navarre (c. 1068–1104), King of Aragon and Pamplona
* Peter I of Barcelona, Peter II the Catholic (1178–1213), King of Aragon, Count of Barcelona
* Peter I of Constantinople (died 1219), emperor, Peter II of Courtenay
* Peter I, Duke of Brittany (1187–1250), Peter Mauclerc
* Peter I, Count of Urgell (1187–1258), second son of King Sancho I of Portugal
* Peter I of Valencia (1239–1285), Peter the Great, Peter III of Aragon, king
* Peter I, Duke of Bourbon (1311–1356), second Duke of Bourbon
* Peter I of Portugal (1320–1367), king of Portugal, Peter the Just, Peter the Cruel
* Peter I of Cyprus (1328–1369), Pierre I de Lusignan, king of Cyprus and titular King of Jerusalem
* Peter of Castile, (1334 –1369) king of Castile and León, Peter the Just, Peter the Cruel
* Petru I of Moldavia, prince of Moldavia 1367–1368
* Peter I, Count of Saint-Pol (1390–1433), Peter of Luxembourg
* Pedro I of Kongo (ruled 1543–1545), Pedro I Nkanga a Mvemba
* Peter the Great (1672–1725), Peter I, first Russian czar titled emperor
* Peter I of the Miskito nation, ruled 1729–1739
* Peter I of Montenegro (1747–1830), Petar I Petrović-Njegoš, legate of Serbian Orthodox Church
* Peter I, Grand Duke of Oldenburg (1755–1829), Peter Frederick Louis of Holstein-Gottorp
* Pedro I of Brazil (1798–1834), founder and first ruler of the Empire of Brazil
* Peter I of Serbia (1844–1921), the last King of Serbia
# Maurits Dekker

Maurits Rudolph Joël Dekker (16 July 1896, in Amsterdam – 7 October 1962) was a Dutch novelist and playwright.
He was the son of Joël Dekker, a Jewish merchant and house painter, and Betje Turksma, a nurse.

## Honors and awards

* 1949 Prize of the Society Kunstenaarsverzet
* 1955 Marianne Philips Prize
* 1956 Special Award from the Jan Campert Society for his works
* 1956 Literary Prize of City of Amsterdam for Op zwart stramien
# Alexander Nevsky church, Haapsalu

The Alexander Nevsky Church (Estonian: Aleksander Nevski kirik, Russian: Александро-Невская церковь (Хаапсалу)) is an orthodox church in the Haapsalu old cemetery, Estonia. It was built to a design by Alexander Krasovsky in a typical Russian Revival style between 1896 and 1897, during the period when the country was part of the Russian Empire. It is dedicated to Saint Alexander Nevsky who in 1242 won the Battle of the Ice on Lake Peipus, in the territorial waters of present-day Estonia. The late Estonian Metropolitan, Cornelius (Jakobs), started his priestly ministry in the church.

## Story

In 1896, a chapel was built in the old cemetery of Haapsalu, consecrated in honor of St. Prince Alexander Nevsky. The chapel was consecrated on July 6, 1897. It was rebuilt into a church according to the project of the architect Krasovsky in 1899–1900, an altar and a five bell tower were added. Donations for the construction of the temple were made by many nobles and cultural figures, including Alexei Vekshin, a merchant and owner of mines. The cemetery church was used as a place of worship in cold weather and as a funeral church all year round.
In the 50s of the 20th century, under the rector priest Vyacheslav Yakobs, lighting was carried out in the temple and a stove was installed. It became possible to perform divine services in this temple in the winter.
In 1962, when, according to Soviet laws, it was impossible to have ascribed churches, the Alexander Nevsky Church was closed, and the property was transferred to the Intercession Church in the city of Kiviyli.
In 1964, the Church of Mary Magdalene was closed, but the parish received the use of the Alexander Nevsky Church. The relevant agreement was signed between the Haapsalu city executive committee and the parish. The resettlement took place in August–September 1964. Since the church was damaged during two years of inactivity, a quick internal restoration was carried out, during which the ceiling paintings were restored. Since that time, the parish has received a double name - the parish of Mary Magdalene - Alexander Nevsky. In 1994, the parish split into supporters of the Moscow and Constantinople Patriarchates. Since that time, in the Magdalenian Church - the parish of the Patriarchate of Constantinople, and in the Alexander Nevsky - of Moscow
On August 4, 2001, after a major overhaul of the altar, the Alexander Nevsky Church was consecrated with the hierarchal rank by metropolitan Cornelius.
The archives of the parish (metrics and chronicle) are located in the Tartu Historical Archive, archive f.1884.
# Doru Dumitrescu

Doru Adrian Dumitrescu (born 25 May 1998) is a Romanian former professional footballer who played as a midfielder for Viitorul Constanța and Universitatea Cluj. He decided to end his career in April 2021 at age 23 because of injuries. He played his last official match, for U Cluj, in 2019.

## Honours

Viitorul Constanța
* Liga I: 2016–17
# Stoa Pitk, Arizona

Stoa Pitk is a populated place situated in Pima County, Arizona, United States. It has an estimated elevation of 2,405 feet (733 m) above sea level. Its name comes from Tohono Oʼodham, where it means 'white clay'.
# Osmán Pérez Freire

Osmán Pérez Freire (Santiago, 29 January 1880 – Madrid, 2 April 1930) was a Chilean composer. Born in Santiago, his family moved to Mendoza, in the desert Cuyo region of western Argentina, in 1886. Freire moved to Spain in the 1920s.

## Works, editions and recordings

* "Ay-Ay-Ay" song on Ay-Ay-Ay recital Luigi Alva Decca 1963
# Museum of Fight for Estonia's Freedom

Museum of Fight for Estonia's Freedom (Estonian: Eesti vabadusvõitluse muuseum) is a privately owned museum in Lagedi, near Tallinn. It specialises on exhibits of World War II battles on Estonian soil, or involving Estonian soldiers.

## Monument of Lihula

The museum is the current location of the Monument of Lihula.
# Ole Sverre

Ole Sverre (7 June 1865 – 31 January 1952) was a Norwegian architect. His work was part of the architecture event in the art competition at the 1928 Summer Olympics.
# Torn Apart

Torn Apart can refer to:
* "Torn Apart" (Enter Shikari song), a 2015 single by British band Enter Shikari
* "Torn Apart" (Bastille song), a 2014 single by British band Bastille featuring GRADES
* "Torn Apart" (Snoop Lion song), a 2013 promotional single by American singer Snoop Lion featuring Rita Ora
* "Torn Apart", a 1998 song by Stabbing Westward from Darkest Days
* Torn Apart (album), a 2005 album by Australian band Area-7
* Torn Apart (film), a 1996 machinima film
* Torn Apart: The Life of Ian Curtis, a 2006 biography of Ian Curtis of Joy Division by Mick Middles and Lindsay Reade
* Torn Apart: The Internment Diary of Mary Kobayashi, Vancouver, British Columbia, 1941, a 2012 novel in the Dear Canada series
* The Walking Dead: Torn Apart, a 2011 web series based on the TV series The Walking Dead
# Dashu District

22°41′36″N 120°25′59″E﻿ / ﻿22.693394°N 120.433095°E﻿ / 22.693394; 120.433095
Dashu District (Chinese: 大樹區; pinyin: Dàshù Qū; Wade–Giles: Ta$^4$-shu$^4$ Ch'ü$^1$; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Toā-chhiū-khu) is a suburban district located in Kaohsiung City, Taiwan near the Kaoping River. Fo Guang Shan is one of largest tourist attractions in Dashu District. It is also the base of E-Da World, a new lifestyle destination that encompasses the upscale Crowne Plaza Kaohsiung E-Da World hotel, the E-Da Skylark hotel, the E-DA Theme Park, the E-Da Mall, E-Da City (Real Estate Development) and I-Shou University.

## History

After the handover of Taiwan from Japan to the Republic of China in 1945, Dashu was organized as a rural township of Kaohsiung County. On 25 December 2010, Kaohsiung County was merged with Kaohsiung City and Dashu was upgraded to a district of the city.

## Geography

* Area: 66.9811 km$^2$
* Population: 40,484 people (October 2023)

## Administrative divisions

The district consists of Zhuliao, Jiuqu, Jiutang, Shuian, Shuiliao, Shejiao, Xingshan, Heshan, Gushan, Dakeng, Jingjiao, Xiaoping, Longmu, Dashu, Sanhe, Xipu, Xingtian and Tongling Village.

## Education
### Higher education

* I-Shou University

### Senior high schools

* Pu-Men High School
* Kaohsiung Yida Private International Senior High School (高雄市私立義大國際高級中學)

### Junior high schools

* Kaohsiung Dashu Junior High School (高雄市立大樹國民中學)
* Kaohsiung Xipu Junior High School (高雄市立溪埔國民中學)
* Kaohsiung Yida Private International Junior High School (高雄市私立義大國際高級中學附設國民中學)

### Primary schools

* Kaohsiung Dashu District Dashu Primary School (高雄市大樹區大樹國民小學)
* Kaohsiung Dashu District Jiuqu Primary School (高雄市大樹區九曲國民小學)
* Kaohsiung Dashu District Shui Laotian Primary School (高雄市大樹區水寮國民小學)
* Kaohsiung Dashu District Xipu Primary School (高雄市大樹區溪埔國民小學)
* Kaohsiung Dashu District Longmu Primary School (高雄市大樹區龍目國民小學)
* Kaohsiung Dashu District Xiaoping Primary School (高雄市大樹區小坪國民小學)
* Kaohsiung Dashu District Gushan Primary School (高雄市大樹區姑山國民小學)
* Kaohsiung Yida Private International Primary School (高雄市私立義大國際高級中學附設國民小學)
* Kaohsiung Dashu District Xingtian Primary School (高雄市大樹區興田國民小學)

### International schools

* I-Shou International School

## Tourist attractions

* Buddha Memorial Center
* Fo Guang Shan Buddha Museum
* E-DA Theme Park
* Ligang Bridge
* Sanhe Tile Kiln
* Taiwan Pineapple Museum

## Transportation

* TRA Jiuqutang Station
* Nat 3
** Kao-Ping Hsi Bridge
# Heizō Yoshimura

Heizō Yoshimura (born 1869-died July 23, 1935) was a Japanese politician who served as Mayor of the City of Hiroshima from January 1915 to December 1916)
| Preceded byYōzō Toyoshima | Mayor of Hiroshima 1915-1916 | Succeeded byMasatake Tanabe |
* This article about a mayor in Japan is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Álvaro Scaramelli

Álvaro Hugo Escalona Scaramelli (b. in Santiago, Chile, September 3, 1965), better known as Álvaro Scaramelli, is a Chilean singer, composer and therapist. He began his musical career in 1984 as the vocalist of the now defunct band Cinema. After the dissolution of the band in 1987, he continued his solo career. In 2000, he became the producer and manager of the Brazilian group Axé Bahia. He also composed songs for the group including Beso en la Boca, which hit number 34 on the billboard Latin pop charts. He retired from the music industry in 2003 and now is in therapeutic medicine.

## Discography
### With Cinema

* 1985: Cinema en directo
* 1986: Locos rayados

### Solo

* 1987: Mi tiempo interior
* 1988: Secretos develados
* 1989: El espejo encantado
* 1991: Ramo de flores
* 1992: Scaramelli no Brasil
* 1993: Álvaro Scaramelli
* 1994: Cinema
* 1997: Grandescaramelli
* 1997: Anécdota del viejo whisky (live)
* 1998: Canciones para la memoria
* 1999: Tiempos buenos (live)
* 2000: Greystoke
* 2003: Scaramusas
# João Soares de Paiva

João Soares de Paiva (born c. 1140) was a Portuguese poet (trovador) and nobleman; often recognised as the first author in the Galician-Portuguese language. He held lands in northern Portugal near the falls of the river Paiva and also in Aragon, near Monzón, Tudela, and Pamplona, near the border with Navarre, as fiefs of the King of Aragon. While the Aragonese sovereign was in Provence, João's Aragonese territories were invaded by Sancho VII of Navarre. He wrote a cantiga d'escarnho entitled Ora faz ost'o senhor de Navarra attacking the king of Navarre for this.
The dating of this cantiga is problematic because the Aragonese king is not identified by name. If it was Peter II, then the poem was probably written either between 1200 and 1204, during a period of conflict between Navarre and Aragon, or in September 1213, while Peter was in Languedoc, where he died in the Battle of Muret. On the other hand, it may have been written between 1214 and 1216, while the child-king James I was staying at Monzón. However, James' good relations with Sancho make it likely that the incident occurred in the reign of Peter.
# Paul McGrady

Paul McGrady (born c. 1960) is an American former college athletics coach and administrator. He was the head football, track and field, and cross country for Southern Nazarene University between 1994 and 2005. He also assisted with the basketball team from 1986 to 1994. As head football coach, McGrady he led the team to an overall record of 35–23. He played college football for East Central and professionally for the Birmingham Stallions of the United States Football League (USFL).

## Head coaching record
### Football

| Year | Team | Overall | Conference | Standing |
| Southern Nazarene Crimson Storm (NAIA independent) (2000–2003) ||||||
| 2000 | Southern Nazarene | 5–4 | | |
| 2001 | Southern Nazarene | 5–4 | | |
| 2002 | Southern Nazarene | 7–3 | | |
| 2003 | Southern Nazarene | 6–4 | | |
| Southern Nazarene Crimson Storm (Central States Football League) (2004–2005) ||||||
| 2004 | Southern Nazarene | 6–4 | 4–2 | 3rd |
| 2005 | Southern Nazarene | 6–4 | 4–2 | T–3rd |
| Southern Nazarene: | Southern Nazarene: | 35–23 | 8–4 | |
| Total: | Total: | 35–23 | | |
# Eduard Tismănaru

Eduard Tismănaru (born 25 May 1987 in Oneşti, Romania) is a Romanian footballer currently under contract with Liga IV-Bacău County side Vulturul Măgirești.
# Rajinder Kaur

Rajinder Kaur (10 February 1931 – 5 February 1989) was an Indian journalist and politician from Punjab, India.
Kaur was daughter of Master Tara Singh. She studied at Khalsa College, Amritsar and Punjab University, Chandigarh, and Camp College, New Delhi for M.A. in philosophy, B.T. (Bachelor of Teaching) and Ph.D. in philosophy. She was lecturer at Khalsa College, Amritsar in 1958–59. Later she entered journalism and politics. She edited Punjabi daily Parbhat and the monthly Sant Sipahi from Amritsar. She was president of the Istri Akali Dal, women's wing of the Shiromani Akali Dal. In April 1978 Rajinder Kaur was elected to the Rajya Sabha. She was shot dead by Khalistani terrorists at Bhatinda in February 1989.
# Master's Academy & College

Master's Academy & College, founded in 1997, and also known as Master's, Master's Academy, and Master's College, is a K-12 Christian school in Calgary, Alberta, Canada. Master's originally developed its teaching pedagogy through its research arm, the Profound Learning Institute. The Profound Learning Institute was then rebranded as Imaginal Education. Based on this unique model of Profound Learning/Imaginal Learning, Master's joined Palliser Regional School District's Alternative Program in 2008.

## History

The school was founded in 1997 by Tom Rudmik. Rudmik is the author of the book Becoming Imaginal and based the school on the theory outlined in the book.

## Academy

The Academy consists of grades K–6. As of 2019, Master's Academy is the number one ranked elementary school in the Province of Alberta by the Fraser Institute.

## College

The College consists of grades 7–12.
# Cirilo Vila

Cirilo Vila Castro (7 October 1937 – 23 July 2015) was a Chilean composer, pianist, and academic, and the winner of the National Prize for Musical Arts in 2004.

## Career and life

Castro began his musical studies at age seven at the National Conservatory of Music of the University of Chile, where he majored in Music Performance with a minor in pianos in 1959. He participated in the Symphony Orchestra of Chile in 1954, and was awarded the Orrego Carvallo award in 1957. In parallel, he studied composition with Alfonso Letelier (1954–1958) and Gustavo Becerra-Schmidt (1960–1961). In the early 1960s, thanks to a grant from the Italian government, he traveled to Rome to study conducting at the Santa Cecilia Conservatory with Professor Franco Ferrara. Later, he continued his training with Professor Pierre Dervaux in Paris. Between 1964 and 1969, he took private lessons in musical composition with Professor Max Deutsch and analysis with composer Olivier Messiaen.

### Composing

Vila compositions were diverse. In popular music, they included transcriptions of songs by Víctor Jara and songs composed for the group Quilapayún. In the area of scholarly or experimental music, he has composed many works premiered at major festivals of contemporary music in the country. He has written for nationally renowned artists such as the guitarist Luis Orlandini, the horn player Edward Brown, tenor José Quilapi and pianist Cecilia Plaza, among others. In addition, he has composed music for theatrical productions and works for musical performances. In over 50 years of activity he wrote works for different genres ranging from orchestra, chorus, chamber ensembles, to soloists. His latest works include De sueños y evanescencia (2003) for ensemble, premiered by the Contemporary Music Workshop of PUC, led by Pablo Aranda, Del diario de viaje de Johann Sebastián (2001) for cello and piano, and Bodandina con ecos de plata (2001) for two horns. He also composed a symphonic work entitled Germinal which was premiered in 1989 by the Philharmonic Orchestra of Santiago in the Municipal Theater of Santiago.

### Teaching

The teaching of the master Vila began in 1970 at the Faculty of Arts, University of Chile. There he was responsible for the formation of an important generation of Chilean musicians of the 1970s and 1980s, many of whom now play a vital role in the country's music scene.

### Death

Cirilo Vila died of a heart attack on 23 July 2015 at the age of 77.

## Discography

* Eisler - Brecht: Canciones (1971) (with Hans Stein)
* Obras de cámara (2013) (SVR Producciones)
# Centralia Elks Lodge

The Centralia Elks Lodge was a historic building located at 328 E. Broadway in Centralia, Illinois. The Classical Revival building was constructed between 1929 and 1931 for Centralia Lodge 493, the city's chapter of the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks. The entrance to the building was flanked by Ionic columns. The second-story windows on the front facade were topped with limestone pediments and segmented arches; the windowsills feature decorative brackets. Limestone cornices top both stories of the building, and a cartouche bordered by scrolls sat on the roofline above the central front window.
In 1938-39, the Elks sold the building to a group of local businessmen. The businessmen then leased the building to the Shell Oil Company, and the building became known as the Petroleum Building; around this time, a bowling alley opened in the basement. In 1946, the Centralia chapter of the Veterans of Foreign Wars purchased the building and used the second floor as a meeting hall. A fire in 1951 caused the bowling alley to close; however, the VFW continued to use the building.
The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places on November 7, 2011, and was delisted in 2020.