OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Association of American Publishers

The Association of American Publishers (AAP) is the national trade association of the American book publishing industry. AAP lobbies for book, journal and education publishers in the United States. AAP members include most of the major commercial publishers in the United States, as well as smaller and nonprofit publishers, university presses, and scholarly societies.
Patricia Schroeder, a former United States representative, served as the association's CEO from 1997 until 2009, taking over the role from Nicholas A. Veliotes. On May 1, 2009, another former United States representative, Tom Allen, took over as president and CEO. In January 2017, Maria Pallante, a former United States Register of Copyrights, became the president and CEO of the organization.

## Activities

The association's core programs deal primarily with advocacy related to: intellectual property; new technology and digital issues of concern to publishers; the freedom to read, censorship and libel; the freedom to publish; funding for education and libraries; postal rates and regulations; tax and trade policy; and international copyright enforcement.
AAP tracks publisher revenue on a monthly and annual basis with its StatShot programs. The association has also awarded books, journals, and electronic content through its annual PROSE Awards since 1976.
In August 2019, AAP sued Audible for its Captions feature, through which machine-generated text could be displayed alongside audio narration. The lawsuit was settled in February 2020, with Audible agreeing not to implement the Captions feature without obtaining express permission.

## Controversies

The AAP initially supported the arrest of Dmitry Sklyarov.
AAP was criticized after it contracted Eric Dezenhall's crisis management firm to promote its position regarding the open access movement. Schroeder told The Washington Post “the association hired Dezenhall when members realized they needed help. ‘We thought we were angels for a long time and we didn't need PR firms.’”
In 2020, AAP released press statements to support four of its members in the case of Hachette v. Internet Archive (IA). President Maria Pallante said of the case, "As the complaint outlines, by illegally copying and distributing online a stunning number of literary works each day, IA displays an abandon shared only by the world’s most egregious pirate sites." This action was opposed by the Electronic Frontier Foundation, Public Knowledge, and the Association of Research Libraries.
# Eastern Southland Gallery

The Eastern Southland Gallery is a major provincial art gallery in Gore, New Zealand. The gallery is housed in the town's former Carnegie library building, which was built in 1909. Though principally a provincial gallery, the Eastern Southland Gallery is important due to two of its major permanent exhibits, the Ralph Hotere Gallery and the John Money Collection. The gallery also hosts regular shows in two separate wings.

## History and location

The Eastern Southland Gallery was built in 1909 as a public library for Gore, one of eighteen Carnegie libraries that were built in New Zealand with funds from American philanthropist Andrew Carnegie. The building was extended in 2003 so that it could accommodate the John Money Collection. The gallery is located at 14 Hokonui Drive, the northern end of Gore's main street, close to the town clocktower and public library.

## John Money Collection

The John Money Collection is a substantial collection of artworks, most of which are either ethnological artefacts or modern art drawing on tribal art for its inspiration (including several notable works by Theo Schoon). It has been housed in a specially-built extension to the gallery since December 2003. The collection was the passion of noted sexologist John Money, who donated much of his collection to the gallery in 2003, and was built up over several decades from the 1940s on. Money had become friends with Schoon in Christchurch in the 1940s, and also with many other members of New Zealand's art elite, including Rita Angus and Douglas Lilburn.
Schoon's interest in Māori art led to an awakening in similar interests in Money, and from 1947 (when Money moved to Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania) he became a patron of Schoon and Angus and also an avid collector of tribal art, including works from Australia, Africa, and the Americas.
The collection as presented in the Eastern Southland Gallery is dominated by a series of large sculptural figures from West Africa, alongside which sit modern art from the United States and New Zealand and Aboriginal art from Australia.

## Ralph Hotere Gallery

The Ralph Hotere Gallery contains a significant number of works by arguably New Zealand's most prominent contemporary artist, Ralph Hotere. This series of works was created in collaboration with poet Hone Tuwhare, and comprises one of the largest and most important collections of work by both Hotere and Tuwhare.
# Red Church (Olomouc)

Red Church (Czech: Červený kostel) is a former Protestant church in Olomouc, Czech Republic.
The church was built in 1901-1902 by German architect Max Löwe. It was used by local German-speaking Protestant congregation of the German Evangelical Church in Bohemia, Moravia and Silesia. After World War II Germans were expelled and the church was shifted to Czech Protestants. In 1959 it was given to the university library, and it now houses the archives of the Research Library.
# Shirkuh Rural District

Shirkuh Rural District (Persian: دهستان شيركوه) is in the Central District of Taft County, Yazd province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Tezerjan.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the rural district's population was 1,720 in 632 households. There were 1,309 inhabitants in 573 households at the following census of 2011. The 2016 census measured the population of the rural district as 1,045 in 420 households. The most populous of its 30 villages was Tezerjan, with 355 people.
# Tuasa

Tuasa is a village in the Upper West Region of Ghana.

## Famous sons

* Henry Seidu Daanaa - Ghana's first trained blind lawyer and minister for chieftaincy and traditional affairs.
# Simon Marklund

Simon Marklund (born 14 September 1999) is a Swedish footballer who plays as a midfielder for Östersunds FK.
# Valkininkai Eldership

Valkininkai Eldership (Lithuanian: Valkininkų seniūnija) is a Lithuanian eldership, located in the northern part of Varėna District Municipality.
# Behaving Badly

Behaving Badly can refer to:
* Behaving Badly (film), 2014 film
* Behaving Badly (horse), a thoroughbred racehorse
* Behaving Badly (TV serial), 1989 television series
* "Behaving Badly", a song by Animals as Leaders from their self-titled debut album, 2009
# Shahediyeh

Shahediyeh (Persian: شاهديه) is a city in the Central District of Yazd County, Yazd province, Iran.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the city's population was 14,374 in 3,773 households. The following census in 2011 counted 16,571 people in 4,845 households. The 2016 census measured the population of the city as 18,309 people in 5,524 households.
# Tsivilsk pig

The Tsivilsk (Russian: Цивильскaя, Tsivilskaya) is a pig breed from Russia.
# Jamsil station

Jamsil Station (Korean: 잠실역) is an underground station on Line 2 and Line 8 of the Seoul Metropolitan Subway. Lotte World is continuous with the Line 2 station. The station is also called Songpa-gu Office Station (Korean: 송파구청역), due to the proximity of the office building (right outside Exit 10 of the Line 8 station).
The Line 2 station is located in Jamsil-dong and the Line 8 station is located in Sincheon-dong. Both neighborhoods are within Songpa District, Seoul.

## Station layout
### Line 2

* Jamsillaru ↑
* | Outer
* ↓ Jamsilsaenae
| Inner loop | ← ● Line 2 toward Chungjeongno |
| Outer loop | → ● Line 2 toward City Hall → |

### Line 8

* Mongchontoseong ↑
* | N/B
* ↓ Seokchon
| Northbound | ← ● Line 8 toward Byeollae |
| Southbound | → ● Line 8 toward Moran → |

## Passenger load

A survey conducted in 2011 by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport on 92 Administrative divisions across the country reported that Jamsil Station is the second-busiest public transit stop after Gangnam station. It is followed by Sadang station, Seolleung station and Sillim station.
In December 2010 the station had the fourth-highest rate of WiFi data consumption of all the Seoul Metropolitan Subway stations, following Express Bus Terminal Station, Sadang station, Dongdaemun station and followed by Jongno 3-ga Station.
In a Seoul Metro analysis in 2024, Jamsil station became the busiest subway station across the Seoul area, surpassing Gangnam station with an average of 155,229 passengers each day on Line 2 over the course of the first four months in 2024.

## Entrance

* Exit 1 : Ways to Bangi dong, Songpa district office, Telecom office of Songpa, Olympic Park
* Exit 2 : Songpa highway, Lotte World Tower Avenuel Jamsil, Seokchon Lake
* Exit 4 : Lotte World, Lotte Department Store Jamsil
* Exit 10 : Songpa Gu Office
# Alumni Gymnasium (WPI)

Alumni Gymnasium, or Alumni Gym, was a multipurpose athletic complex on the Worcester Polytechnic Institute (WPI) campus in Worcester, MA. The gym had an indoor track, a basketball court, a swimming pool, a fitness center, a bowling alley, locker rooms, and athletic offices. The gym was closed in 2012 when the Institute opened a new recreation center. In 2016, with the approval of the Worcester Historical Commission, the 100-year-old building was razed to make way for the Foisie Innovation Studio.

## History

Following the turn of the century the lack of athletic facilities prohibited students from participating in physical training and athletics. The Institute had little interest in this matter, so at the 1911 Alumni Council meeting, the Class of 1886 started the efforts to raise funds for new facilities. An initial goal of $200,000 ($6.17 million in 2023 dollars) was set, which would provide funds for the construction of a gymnasium and field, as well as the purchasing of equipment and starting an endowment. In the summer of 1913, this goal was reached and ground was broke on Alumni Stadium. With the stadium's completion in 1914, many were eager to begin work on the gymnasium and later that year Hewitt & Brown, a firm from Minneapolis composed of Edwin Hawley Hewitt and alumnus Edwin H. Brown '98, was selected as the architect. Central Building Company, whose president was alumnus Bradford A. Gibson '91, was awarded the construction contract in April 1915 and broke ground shortly afterward with the cornerstone being laid in June 1915. On June 6, 1916, the gym was opened following a dedication ceremony which included remarks by then Massachusetts Lieutenant Governor and future U.S. President, Calvin Coolidge.
# Harry Cripps

Henry Richard "Harry" Cripps (29 April 1941 – 29 December 1995) was an English professional footballer who played for South East London side Millwall for the majority of his career, becoming a cult figure in the process.

## Career

Initially on the books of Millwall's bitter rivals West Ham United, he was a member of the FA Youth Cup Final team of 1958–59 alongside Bobby Moore, Eddie Bovington and Jack Burkett.
Cripps was signed by The Lions in 1961 and made his first team debut on 19 August 1961 against Wrexham following an injury to Johnny Gilchrist. He rapidly became a fan favourite due to his bustling, combative performances at full back, always looking to get forward and score goals, and becoming renowned as a fearless tackler. He was particularly prominent during Millwall's successive promotion seasons in the mid-1960s, during which time the team began an unbeaten home record at The Den which extended to 59 matches (1964–1967), drawing on the intimidating atmosphere generated by Millwall's famously vociferous fans.
This period saw the club return to Division Two after a lengthy absence, under the guidance of Manager Billy Gray and later, Benny Fenton. He was also a key part of what was perhaps Millwall's greatest ever side that narrowly missed out on promotion to the old Division One by just one point, during the 1971–72 season, that also included the likes of Barry Kitchener, Keith Weller and Eamon Dunphy. He left the club after fourteen seasons to join Charlton in 1974, by which time he had amassed a record-breaking 400 league appearances for The Lions, beating the record of Jimmy Forsyth of 321 Football League appearances.
He later became a coach at Crystal Palace, as well as assistant manager at Charlton and manager of Barking between August 1980 and January 1982. In February 1990, Cripps was appointed manager of Purfleet. Cripps only managed a single game for Purfleet, a 4–0 Isthmian League defeat against Woking on 9 February 1990, having a stroke soon after. He was also a coach in the contrasting environment of Winchester College, an elite fee-paying College.

## Death

Cripps died of a heart attack on 29 December 1995.

## Tributes

Arry's Bar at The Den is named in his honour.
# Clematis recta

Clematis recta, the erect climaxis or ground virgins, is a species of Clematis unusual in that it is a free-standing shrub rather than a climbing plant. Growing usually on the margins of woodland areas, it is native to Eastern, Southern and Mid Europe.
# General Immortus

General Immortus is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics. He has also been called "The Forever Soldier" or "The Forever General".

## Publication history

Immortus debuted in My Greatest Adventure #80 alongside the Doom Patrol, and was created by Arnold Drake, Bob Haney, Bruno Premiani, and Murray Boltinoff.

## Fictional character biography

General Immortus is perhaps centuries old, and his origins are shrouded in mystery. At some points, it has even been implied that Immortus' origins lie in ancient history, having claimed on at least one occasion to have been alive at "the Dawn of Man". He once owned a diamond mine, the source of much of his current-day wealth.
Immortus previously derived his immortality from a special potion. After losing the formula needed to produce the potion, Immortus establishes a syndicate to procure artifacts and sustain his life.
In Salvation Run, Immortus is killed by Parademons. However, he resurfaces in Final Crisis.
In the Dawn of DC series Unstoppable Doom Patrol, Immortus fuses with the Candlemaker and becomes the Eternal Flame before Quiz transports him to the Bleed, the space between realities.

## Powers and abilities

General Immortus is a cunning criminal mastermind and has lived for centuries as a result of his life-extending potion. As the Eternal Flame, he can generate fire.

## In other media
### Television

* General Immortus appears in Teen Titans, voiced by Xander Berkeley. This version is a member of the Brotherhood of Evil.
* General Immortus appears in the "Doom Patrol" segment of DC Nation Shorts, voiced by Clancy Brown.
* Immortus appears in the fourth season of Doom Patrol. This version is an interdimensional deity.

### Video games

General Immortus appears as a character summon in Scribblenauts Unmasked: A DC Comics Adventure.

### Miscellaneous

* General Immortus appears in Teen Titans Go!. Additionally, a heroic, alternate universe incarnation of Immortus appears in issue #48 as a member of the Brotherhood of Justice.
* General Immortus appears in Batman: The Brave and the Bold #6.
# Ja'far Sobhani

Grand Ayatollah Jafar Sobhani (Persian: جعفر سبحانی; born 9 April 1929) is an Iranian Twelver Shia marja, influential theologian and writer. Sobhani was a former member of the Society of Seminary Teachers of Qom and founder of Imam Sadiq Institute in Qom.

## Education

Ayatollah Ja'far Sobhani learned Arabic literature, Principles of Islamic jurisprudence in the Islamic Seminary. In 1946, he went to Islamic Seminary in Qom. In the Islamic Seminary, he took part in famous teachers' classes of Fiqh, Usool, Tafsir, and philosophy. Sobhani's important teachers were Seyyed Hossein Borujerdi, Khomeini, and Mirza Sayyed Mohammad Tabatabai near 15 years.

## Activities

* Qom Islamic Seminary's lecturer and scholar in Fiqh, Principles of Fiqh, history,rijal and theological studies
* Founder and director of Maktabe Islam magazine
* Founder and director of Kalaame Islami magazine
* Established an institute for theological research known as Imam Sadiq Institute
* Participated in writing the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran
* Writer of a thematic interpretation of the Quran
* Fighting with Wahhabism
* Established the field of Ilm al-Kalam in the seminary of Qom
* Published more than 300 researches

## Books

He has several Arabic and Persian books that are categorized in seven fields as Fiqh, Principles of Islamic jurisprudence, Tafsir, Ilm al-Kalam, Philosophy, History of Islam, and Biographical evaluation. In 2001, Doctrines of Shi'i Islam: A Compendium of Imami Beliefs and Practices book (ISBN 1860647804) was translated into English and published by I. B. Tauris. Some of his books include:
| # | Subjects | Books |
| 1 | Fiqh | Religious precepts of travel |
| 2 | Principles of Islamic Jurisprudence | The four theses |
| 3 | Tafsir | Manshur Jawid - in Persian in (14 vol.), (Mafahim al-Quran - in Arabic in (10 vol.)). [Thematic Exegesis] Muniat al-Talbin fi Tafsir al-Quran al-Mubin - in Arabic in (21 vol.)). [Consecutive Exegesis] Tafsir tartibi (Consecutive Exegesis) - in Persian Interpretation of Surah Ar-Ra'd Interpretation of Surah Al-Furqan Interpretation of Surah At-Tawba Interpretation of Surah Al-Munafiqun Interpretation of Surah Al-Hadid Interpretation of Surah Al-Hujurat |
| 4 | Ilm al-Kalam | Understanding the attributes of God Introduction to principles of Islam Resort Wahhabism |
| 5 | Philosophy | Knowledge in Islamic philosophy An analysis of Marx's philosophy |
| 6 | History of Islam | History of Islam Biography of Imams in simple language Who is Muhammad?, also known as The Message |
| 7 | Beliefs | Doctrines of Shi'i Islam: A Compendium of Imami Beliefs and Practices |
| 8 | The Beliefs and History of the Islamic Sects | Al-Milal wa al-Nihal - in Persian and Arabic (8 vol.) |
| 9 | Biographical evaluation | General in Biographical evaluation Biography of Shia leaders |
| 10 | Others | Password win famous men Questions and responses |
# Torma

Torma (Skt: Balingta, Tibetan: གཏོར་མ, Wylie: gtor ma; Tor-ma) are sculptures made mostly of flour and butter used in tantric rituals or as offerings in Tibetan Buddhism. They may be dyed in different colors, often with white or red for the main body of the torma. They are made in specific shapes based on their purpose, usually conical in form. A very large, central shrine torma may be constructed for festivals, though typically they are small and placed directly on a shrine, on a plate, mounted on leather or held on a special base like a skull.

## History

The tradition of offering cakes pre-dates Tibetan Buddhism, though traditional Indian offering cakes — called bali or balingha in Sanskrit — are flat instead of conical.
The Tibetan term comes from the root gtor-ba which means to "cast away, break up, or scatter". This implies both a sense of offering and of letting go or non-attachment.

## Variations

Tormas have different uses. Some are created and placed on shrines for ceremonies or to represent deities. Others are used in feast practice and consumed by practitioners during the practice. Others are made to appease spirits, accumulate merit, or remove obstacles. They are mostly made of barley flour and butter, but traditionally other ingredients such as egg, milk, sugar, honey, and even meat may be included depending upon the purpose of the torma.

### Deity tormas

Deity tormas (Wylie: rten gtor) are kept on the shrine, and represent a particular tantric deity. These tormas vary in complexity from a very simple cone painted white for peaceful deities like Tara and Avalokiteshvara, to very complex designs for semi-wrathful deities like Vajrayogini and Chakrasamvara.

### Food tormas

Food tormas (Wylie: skang gtor) are used in feast practices and are partially consumed by practitioners during the feast, with leftovers (Wylie: dme gtor) offered to lower beings after being blessed. In some traditions, food tormas are now made with more contemporary ingredients whereas others stay faithful to the barley flour tradition.

### Offering tormas

Offering tormas may be made for and offered to deities (Wylie: sgrub gtor / mchod gtor), to Dharma Protectors, to obstructing spirits, or to other lower beings. Torma for obstructing spirits are called gektor (Wylie: gegs gtor).

### Medicinal torma

A torma may be used in Tibetan medicine to extract an illness from a patient as a cure. The torma is then cast away.

### Captured torma

A captured torma (Wylie: gta' gtor) may be used to speed completion of activities, by planning to offer the torma at the completion of the activity thereby encouraging successful activity.

### Inner, secret and very secret torma

Practicing meditation with deity visualization is considered a form of torma offering, though no physical cake is created and then offered. Similarly, offering one's internal emotional and mental experiences and experience of suchness are non-physical forms of torma offerings.
# Ukraine men's national field hockey team

The Ukrainian men's national field hockey team represents Ukraine in international field hockey competitions.

## Tournament history

Ukraine has never participated in or qualified for the World Cup, the Summer Olympics and the EuroHockey Nations Championship.

### European championships
#### EuroHockey Championship II

* 2007 – 8th place
* 2011 – 5th place
* 2013 – 5th place
* 2015 – 6th place
* 2017 – 5th place
* 2019 – 6th place
* 2021 – 6th place
* 2023 –
* 2025 – Withdrew

#### EuroHockey Championship III

* 2005 –
* 2009 –

### Hockey World League

* 2012–13 – 21st place
* 2014–15 – 24th place
* 2016–17 – 35th place

### FIH Hockey Series

* 2018–19 – Second round
# Deputy Chairman of the Senate of Kazakhstan

The Deputy Chair of the Senate of Kazakhstan (Kazakh: Сенаты Төрағасының Орынбасары) is a post in the upper house of the Parliament which is the Senate of Kazakhstan. The Deputy Chair is nominated by the Senate Chair who are then elected by the Senators. The post was established on 30 January 1996 and since the constitutional amendments in May 2007, the office has been occupied by two people at the same time. The Deputy Chair carries out tasks made by Senate Chair and responsibilities if the chair isn't able to fulfill them.
The Deputy Chair could be dismissed by the Senators only with the proposal by the Chair.

## List of Deputy Chairs

| Convocation | Name | Took office | Left office | Senate Chair |
| 1st (1996–1999) | Sergey Tikhonov | 30 January 1996 | 15 May 1998 | Omirbek Baigeldi |
| 1st (1996–1999) | Aitkul Samaqova | 15 May 1998 | 10 March 1999 | Omirbek Baigeldi |
| 1st (1996–1999) | Äbilgazy Qusaiynov | 10 March 1999 | 1 December 1999 | Omirbek Baigeldi |
| 2nd (1999–2004) | Omirbek Baigeldi | 1 December 1999 | 1 December 2005 | Oralbay Abdykarimov |
| 2nd (1999–2004) | Omirbek Baigeldi | 1 December 1999 | 1 December 2005 | Nurtai Abykayev |
| 3rd (2004–2007) | Muhambet Kopeev | 1 December 2005 | 24 November 2011 | Nurtai Abykayev |
| 3rd (2004–2007) | Muhambet Kopeev | 1 December 2005 | 24 November 2011 | Kassym-Jomart Tokayev |
| 4th (2007–2012) | Muhambet Kopeev | 1 December 2005 | 24 November 2011 | Kassym-Jomart Tokayev |
| 4th (2007–2012) | Aleksandr Sudin | 3 September 2007 | 26 August 2013 | Kassym-Jomart Tokayev |
| 4th (2007–2012) | Qairat Işçanov | 24 November 2011 | 14 January 2016 | Kairat Mami |
| 5th (2012–2016) | Sergey Gromov | 3 September 2013 | 16 September 2016 | Kairat Mami |
| 5th (2012–2016) | Asqar Beisenbaev | 14 January 2016 | 12 August 2019 | Kassym-Jomart Tokayev |
| 6th (2016–2021) | Asqar Beisenbaev | 14 January 2016 | 12 August 2019 | Kassym-Jomart Tokayev |
| 6th (2016–2021) | Bektas Beknazarov | 16 September 2016 | 28 August 2020 | Kassym-Jomart Tokayev |
| 6th (2016–2021) | Asqar Şäkirov | 2 September 2019 | Present | Dariga Nazarbayeva |
| 6th (2016–2021) | Nurlan Äbdirov | 1 September 2020 | Present | Mäulen Äşimbaev |