OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Albatross (airship)

The Albatross (Russian: Альбатрос) was a non-rigid airship of the Russian Empire. It was constructed in 1913 and participated in several combat missions during World War I before it crashed on 13 October 1914 during an emergency landing.

## Description

The decision to lay down a new large airship with a volume of 9,600 m$^3$ at the Izhora Plant in 1911, named "Albatross," was based on the successful first flights of the "Dove" airship and its similar counterpart "Falcon," which demonstrated that their flight-technical characteristics met the calculations. These airships were constructed in Russia in 1910 at the Izhora Plant in Kolpino near Saint Petersburg, according to the project of professors K.P. Boklevsky, A.P. Van-der-Flit, and engineer V.F. Naidenov, with the participation of Captain B.V. Golubov.
Its construction was completed in the autumn of 1913. This was the most advanced airship built at Russian factories. It had a length of 77 m, a height of 22 m, and a maximum diameter of 14.8 m. It reached a speed of up to 68 km/h. The maximum altitude reached was 2,400 m, and the flight duration was 20 hours. The power plant consisted of two "Clément-Bayard" engines, each with a power of 118 kW (150 hp), driving two propellers with a diameter of 4.75 meters. The designers of the "Albatross" were B.V. Golubov and D.S. Sukharshevsky. The lifting gas, hydrogen, was contained in two ballonets of 1,200 m$^3$ each. The airship's envelope was coated with aluminum, which reduced gas heating and served as camouflage.
The armament of the airship, according to the 1912 technical requirements, consisted of three "Maxim" machine guns with an ammunition load of 3,000 rounds. During tests with "Madsen" machine guns, good results were achieved: hits during firing from a distance of 600 meters amounted to 73.8%. The airship was also equipped with bomb racks.

## Operational History

The airship was delivered to the hangar in August 1913. In June 1914, it conducted training flights with crews from the Aeronautical School. In May, the airship was upgraded with more powerful "Dutset-Gillet" engines.
After the start of World War I, the airship was sent to the front; B.V. Golubov was appointed commander, and the crew was recruited from volunteers. On 15 August at 18:00, the airship flew to Lida.
Due to the encirclement of Samsonov's army, it was planned to conduct reconnaissance in the Allenstein area, but bad weather with strong winds interfered with the plans. The crew was then tasked with bombing the transport routes near Osovets. However, the bombing did not take place due to the weather. On the return trip, the airship was mistakenly fired upon by soldiers of the Siberian Corps, damaging the envelope. The airship landed in Brest-Litovsk, where it was repaired, after which it proceeded to Białystok. In September 1914, command of the airship was taken over by A. Shabsky.
Further combat sorties of the airship were unsuccessful due to bad weather. On 13 October, during another combat sortie, the airship was damaged by fog and strong winds, striking trees, and made a forced landing, which led to its destruction.
# Last Summer (album)

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| The A.V. Club | (B+) |
| Drowned in Sound | (7/10) |
| The Guardian | |
| NME | (8/10) |
| Pitchfork Media | (7.9/10) |
| Tiny Mix Tapes | |
| Sputnikmusic | |
| Paste Magazine | (8.2/10) |
| MusicOMH | |
| PopMatters | (8/10) |
| SPIN | (8/10) |
| Consequence of Sound | |
Last Summer is the first solo album released by American indie pop musician Eleanor Friedberger, most notable for being the vocalist in the band The Fiery Furnaces with her brother Matthew Friedberger. The album was released on 12 July 2011 on the Merge Records record label.
The album was announced as being in the making in April 2011 and released on July 12, 2011. Last Summer currently holds a 79 out of 100 rating on Metacritic.

## Personnel
### Band Members

* Eric Broucek – Bass, Guitar, Keyboard, Percussion
* Eleanor Friedberger – Guitar, Harmonica, Keyboard, Percussion, Vocals
* Dylan Heaney – Tenor Saxophone
* Jim Orso – Drums
* Phil Rodriguez – Trumpet
* Tim Traynor – Drums
* Morgan Wiley – Keyboard

### Technical

* Eric Broucek – Producer, Engineering, and Mixing
* Joe Lambert – Mastering
* Michael Rubenstein – Cover Photography
* Rebecca Benga – Back Cover Photography
* Beth Lieberman – Photography
* Maggie Fost – Design
# Diego Alegre

Diego Alegre Gil (born 22 March 1982 in Valencia) is a Spanish retired footballer who played as a right-back.

## Honours

Spain U16
* UEFA European Under-16 Championship: 1999
# Sam Irvin (rugby union)

Samuel Howell Irvin was an English international rugby union player.
A native of Hartlepool, Irvin played his early rugby for Hartlepool Olds Boys, before joining Devonport Albion, from where he was selected by England in 1905. He gained his only cap against Wales in Cardiff and was partly blamed for the lopsided 0–25 scoreline, losing his place as a result. His England appearance came was at fullback, but he would also play as a three-quarter in club rugby. He represented both Devon and Durham.
Irvin signed with professional rugby league club Oldham for the 1905–06 Northern Rugby Football Union season.
# Trading Snakeoil for Wolftickets

Professional ratings :
| Aggregate scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Metacritic | 71/100 |
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
| Mojo | 3.4/5 |
| Uncut | |
Trading Snakeoil for Wolftickets is the second studio album by Gary Jules on the Sanctuary Records label. Despite the year of release, it took three years to chart in both the UK and US, eventually reaching the UK Top 40 and Billboard 200 in 2004. The popular Tears for Fears cover "Mad World", which was featured on the Donnie Darko soundtrack and in the Gears of War trailer, is on the album.

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Gary Jules except where noted

## Personnel

* Gary Jules – vocals, guitars, mandolin, harmonica
* Michael Andrews – guitars, bass, vocals, piano, keyboards, melodica, drums, percussion
* Sarah Brysk – vocals
* Robert Walter – piano
* Al Sgro – vocals
* George Sluppick – drums (tracks 2 and 9)
* Matt Lynott – drums (tracks 1 and 11)

## Chart performance

| Year | Chart | Position |
| 2004 | UK | 12 |
| 2004 | Billboard 200 | 144 |
| 2004 | Top Heatseekers | 5 |
# Varicellaria

Varicellaria is a genus of crustose lichens. It is the only genus in the family Varicellariaceae.

## Taxonomy

The genus Varicellaria was circumscribed by Finnish lichenologist William Nylander in 1858, with Varicellaria microsticta assigned as the type species.
The family Varicellariaceae, containing only the type genus Varicellaria, was informally proposed by Brendan Hodkinson, Richard Harris, and James Lendemer in 2011. H. Thorsten Lumbsch and Steven Leavitt formally published the family in 2018. However, the taxon was not validly published because "an identifier issued by a recognized repository was not cited in the protologue", contrary to rules of botanical nomenclature. This nomenclatural oversight was rectified later the same year in a separate publication.

## Description

Characteristics of the family Varicellariaceae are similar to those of its genus. These are: a crustose thallus, unicellular green algal photobionts from genus Trebouxia, ascomata in the form of disc-like apothecia, non-amyloid gel in the hymenium, strongly amyloid, one- or two-spored asci, and hyaline, thick-walled, one-layered, one- or two-celled ascospores.
Varicellaria species are characterised by a pale bluish-grey or whitish grey thallus, which can be smooth and thin or cracked and thick. They typically have convex soralia that are paler or the same colour as the thallus. Apothecia (fruiting bodies) are rare in these species.
Varicellaria species are associated with green algae from the genus Trebouxia. Specifically, they have been found to associate with Trebouxia sp. OTU A03.
The major secondary metabolite in Varicellaria species is lecanoric acid. Some specimens may also contain variolaric acid, but its presence is not a reliable diagnostic feature for species identification.

## Habitat and distribution

Collectively, the species in genus Varicellaria have a cosmopolitan distribution. Varicellaria species show diverse substrate preferences. Some species, like V. hemisphaerica, are primarily corticolous (growing on bark), while others, such as V. lactea, are saxicolous (growing on rocks). These habitat preferences play a crucial role in species delimitation.

## Species

Recent molecular phylogenetics studies have helped clarify species boundaries within Varicellaria. These studies have shown that substrate preference and soredia size are important factors in distinguishing between species. Molecular data, combined with morphological and chemical characteristics, have proven essential for accurate species identification.
As of 2024, there are 12 recognised species in the genus Varicellaria:
* Varicellaria culbersonii (Vězda) I.Schmitt & Lumbsch (2012)
* Varicellaria emeiensis Q.Ren (2018) – China
* Varicellaria hemisphaerica (Flörke) I.Schmitt & Lumbsch (2012)
* Varicellaria kasandjeffii (Szatala) I.Schmitt & Lumbsch (2012)
* Varicellaria lactea (L.) I.Schmitt & Lumbsch (2012)
* Varicellaria microsticta Nyl. (1858)
* Varicellaria philippina (Vain.) I.Schmitt & Lumbsch (2012)
* Varicellaria rhodocarpa (Körb.) Th.Fr. (1871)
* Varicellaria velata (Turner) I.Schmitt & Lumbsch (2012)
* Varicellaria cacuminuminum Fryday (2022)
# The Kabul Times Daily

The Kabul Times Daily (Dari: روزنامه کابل تایمز; Pashto: کابل ټایمز ورځپاڼه) is a state-run English-language newspaper in Afghanistan, initially established on February 27, 1962, as The Kabul Times. As of 2018, it had a daily circulation of 47,000 and is offered in both print and online formats.
Following the Saur Revolution, The Kabul Times was renamed Kabul New Times and began to print Communist rhetoric that was reminiscent of days during the Cold War and was highly confrontational towards Western culture.
The paper briefly stopped publication during the US-led invasion, resuming in March 2002. Following the fall of Kabul to the Taliban, the editor-in-chief Hamidullah Arefi resigned; after a brief period of vacancy, Nik Mohammad was appointed as new editor and the paper was renamed The Kabul Times Daily.
# Nozar Azadi

Nozar Azadi (Persian: نوذر آزادی; 26 February 2021) was an Iranian comedian and actor who was famous in Iran in the 1970s, mostly because of his role in TV series such as Italia, Italia, Kaf show, and Okhtapus.

## Career

He was born in Kermanshah, Iran, in 1938. Azadi appeared in many shows, television series and films in the Iranian era prior to the 1979 Islamic Revolution.
Azadi starred in many films of Samad and Leila, the Kaf Show directed by Parviz Sayad, and his own television series Italia Italia, playing the character Ghatebeh. Ghatebeh played in many shows where he impersonated a Kermanshahi man who was a con man by nature, very slick and a great communicator/womanizer. Ghatebeh had a distinguished Kermanshahi accent that to this day, 40 years later, people of Iran still remember with amusement.
In 1971, Azadi performed in Peter Brook's production of Orghast in Persepolis, which was part of the 2,500 year celebration of the Persian Empire.
Azadi fled from Iran to Germany, where he lived in Bremen for 20 years, and then moved to the United States. He made no more films, but took up painting.
In 2010, Azadi exhibited his paintings at the Seyhoun Gallery in Hollywood, California.
Nozar Azadi died on February 26, 2021 at the age of 82 in Bremen.

## Filmography

* Jew's Harp, 1975
* Mozaffar, 1974
* Samad goes to School, 1973 (as Director)
* Suitor, 1972
* Samad and Solomon, 1971
# National Solidarity Party (Yemen)

The National Solidarity Party (Arabic: حزب التضامن الوطني, Ḥizb al-Taḍāmun al-Watanī), is a centrist political party in Yemen. It was founded on 24 November 2012, where the founding committee chose Sheikh Husayn bin Abdullah al-Ahmar as president and chairman. Husayn is the son of al-Islah's leader Abdullah ibn Husayn al-Ahmar and had left the governing General People's Congress on 26 February 2011. In 2016, he was named as presidential advisor to Abdrabbuh Mansur Hadi. The party was joined by some opposition activists and an unspecified number of members of parliament. At the founding conference in March 2013, Sadiq al-Ahmar, the leader of the Hashid tribal confederation, held a speech in which he blessed the founding of the party. Several other ministers and advisors were present at the conference as well. The leader Husayn was a prominent Sheikh of the Hashid tribal confederation and one of the first to oppose the Houthi movement. On 4 April 2015, the Houthis stormed and searched the party's headquarters in ar-Rabat street in Sana'a. On 5 September 2016, president Abdrabbuh Mansur Hadi met with the party to discuss the developments in the country, such as steps towards peace and the hardships brought by the war, which both sides made the Houthis responsible for.
Husayn Abdullah al-Ahmar, the party's founder and chairman died on 27 March 2022 while being in Turkey, likely by a stroke. Husayns father, al-Islah's leader Abdullah ibn Husayn al-Ahmar, was welcoming mourners at his house the following day. The party's current chairman who followed Husayn is Abdullah an-Nu'mani.

## Positions

In the meeting of the founding committee, the party committed to the principles of the September revolution and Islamic law. It also stated to seek to create a balance between the different political poles of the country and supports points like a fast and independent justice system, reform of the ineffective administration, the promotion of the role of women in society and the fight against corruption. In the first conference a few months later, al-Ahmar stressed that the party supports the creation of a modern civil state shaped by order, justice and equality.
The party fiercely opposes the Houthi movement, calling it a sectarian and racist tendency and declared solidarity with Al-Islah on its 32nd anniversary, calling it a solid republican wall against the "Houthi-Imamate" that sacrificed thousands in the fight against them.
# Tutagual of Alt Clut

Tutagual (Welsh:Tudwal) is thought to have been a ruler of the kingdom of Alt Clut, later known as Strathclyde, a Brittonic kingdom in the Hen Ogledd or "Old North" of Britain. He probably ruled sometime in the mid-6th century.
The Harleian genealogies, Adomnán's Vita Columbae, and the Bonedd Gwŷr y Gogledd indicate that Tutagual was the father of the much better known Rhydderch Hael, who was presumably his successor. The Harleian genealogies name Tutagual as the son of Clinoch, son of Dumnagual Hen, both of whom were probably his predecessors as king. Tutagual of Alt Clut may be identified with a tyrannical ruler mentioned as Saint Ninian's contemporary in the 8th-century poem Miracula Nyniae Episcopi and in Ailred of Rievaulx's 12th-century Vita Sancti Niniani; the Miracula calls this king Tuduael and Thuuahel, while Ailred gives the forms Tudwaldus and Tuduvallus. However, historian Alan MacQuarrie notes that this would conflict with other suggested dates for Ninian's life.
# Ramensky (inhabited locality)

Ramensky (Russian: Раменский; masculine), Ramenskaya (Раменская; feminine), or Ramenskoye (Раменское; neuter) is the name of several inhabited localities in Russia.

## Rural localities

* Ramensky, Kaluga Oblast, a settlement in Mosalsky District of Kaluga Oblast
* Ramensky, Kirov Oblast, a settlement in Burmakinsky Rural Okrug of Kirovo-Chepetsky District of Kirov Oblast
* Ramensky, Moscow Oblast, a settlement in Kulikovskoye Rural Settlement of Dmitrovsky District of Moscow Oblast
* Ramenskoye, Krasnoyarsk Krai, a village in Kirikovsky Selsoviet of Pirovsky District of Krasnoyarsk Krai
* Ramenskoye, Tver Oblast, a village in Rzhevsky District of Tver Oblast
# Saint-Carné

Saint-Carné (French pronunciation:; Breton: Sant-Karneg) is a commune in the Côtes-d'Armor department of Brittany in northwestern France.

## Population

Inhabitants of Saint-Carné are called carnéens in French.
# Debased heraldry

Debased heraldry is heraldry containing complex, non-standard and non-heraldic charges. They cannot be correctly drawn from the blazon alone, as is the case with the purest form of heraldry. Most debased heraldry was created after the 17th century, and in general early heraldry dating from the start of the heraldic era (c. 1200–1215), deemed the purest and best, utilises simple and standard charges. However some early heraldry was debased, for example the arms of the Bishop of Chichester, overly complex in nature. The original purpose of heraldry was for a knight to identify himself clearly by a unique and clear design on his shield. Debased heraldry treats the shield rather as a canvas for the display of complex art work. The small space available on a shield is thus not ideally suited to this function.
George Thomas Clark (1809–1898) wrote as follows on the subject in his well-regarded article on heraldry in the Encyclopaedia Britannica (9th & 10th editions):
   "Of debased heraldry there is no lack of examples, and a few are ancient. Thomas de Insula (Thomas de Lisle (c. 1298–1361)), Bishop of Ely (1345–61), bore Gules, three bezants, on each a crowned king, robed sable, doubled ermine, sustaining a covered cup in his right hand and a sword in his left, both or. No doubt, like the arms of the Sees of Chichester and Salisbury, this extraordinary coat was meant to be painted on a banner. Camden (1551–1623) granted a great number of coats, mostly of a complex character, and since his time heraldic taste has not improved. Tetlow (granted 1760 (of Houghton, Manchester, Lancashire) bore (as crest): On a book erect gules, clasped and leaved or, a silver penny argent, thereon written the Lord’s Prayer; at the top of the book a dove proper, in his beak a crowquill pen sable. Other grants show negroes working in a plantation, Chinese porters carrying cinnamon, etc. The grants to Lord Nelson (d.1805) and his gallant captains, and to the elder Herschel (William Herschel (1738–1822)), are utterly unheraldic. Lord Chesterfield (Philip Stanhope, 4th Earl of Chesterfield (1694–1773)), correcting the Garter of his day, remarked, "You foolish man, you don’t understand your own foolish business."
* Arms of William Herschel (1738–1822), an example of debased heraldry, including the non-heraldic complex feature of his Herschelian telescope
* Notoriously debased crest of Tetlow (1760), with the Lord's Prayer written on a penny
# Hadis Fooladvand

Hadis fooladvand (borne (1978-01-10)10 January 1978; Persian: حدیث فولادوند, also Romanized as Hadis Fouladvand) is an Iranian actress. She is a graduate of architecture directing.

## Career

She married Rambod Shekar Aabi in 2010 who is also an actor but divorced in 2022. She started her acting career as a child. At the age of 12, she was trained by Golab Adineh and went on stage to play "Golhaye Doosti" (The Flowers of Friendship). Her first appearance in a movie was in Dasthaye Aloode (The Dirty Hands) directed by Siroos Alvand in 1999.
# Pelkan

Pelkan (Persian: پلكان) may refer to:
* Pelkan-e Olya
* Pelkan-e Sofla
# Promyshlenny City District, Samara

Promyshlenny City District (Russian: Промышленный район) is a district (raion) of the city of Samara, Samara Oblast, Russia. Population: 273,126 (2010 Census); 271,554 (2002 Census); 285,469 (1989 Soviet census).
# Nowkar

Nowkar (Persian: نوكار), also rendered as Nowkal and Naukal, may refer to:
* Nowkar-e Gazi
* Nowkar-e Mokhi
# Dehi, Mazandaran

Dehi (Persian: دهي, also Romanized as Dehī) is a village in Tuskacheshmeh Rural District, in the Central District of Galugah County, Mazandaran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 140, in 35 families.
# Ujrzanów

Ujrzanów is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Siedlce, within Siedlce County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately 5 kilometres (3 mi) south-east of Siedlce and 91 km (57 mi) east of Warsaw.
# Zakrzew-Kolonia, Masovian Voivodeship

Zakrzew-Kolonia is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Zakrzew, within Radom County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.
# Nicole Aiken-Pinnock

Nicole Alicia Aiken-Pinnock (née Aiken; born 11 December 1985) is a Jamaican netball player. Pinnock started playing international representative netball as early as 2004, although she made her senior debut in the Jamaica national team, the Sunshine Girls, at the 2006 Commonwealth Games in Melbourne. In 2007, Pinnock received a four-year scholarship to play basketball with Lamar University in Texas, where she played center for the Cardinals. However, in 2008 it was reported that Pinnock had given up the scholarship and returned to her first college, G.C. Foster.
Pinnock currently plays netball for the Sunshine Girls at international level, and for Sirens (netball) in the Netball Superleague. She captained the team to bronze at the 2014 Commonwealth Games.
# Stephen C. Minkin Paleozoic Footprint Site

Steven C. Minkin Paleozoic Footprint Site, formerly the Union Chapel Mine, is a former coal mine that became an important fossil site in Alabama after an Oneonta High School science teacher discovered tracks in the rocks at the site while preparing for a school field trip. The mine belonged to a family member of one of the children in his class. It is east of Jasper, Alabama in Walker County, Alabama.
According to a research paper, the site was once part of a "swampy tropical forest adjacent to a tidal flat during the Coal Age or Carboniferous Period more than 300 million years ago. That fecund strand of sand and mud at the ocean’s edge teemed with the earth’s earliest reptiles as well as amphibians, fish, horseshoe crabs, spiders, jumping insects, and other fascinating organisms."
The site is paleozoic. Tetrapod fossils have been found at it. The site is one of the most abundant sources of trackways of its age.
Treptichnus and Arenicolites have been found at the site.
The 2016 book Footprints in Stone by Ronald J. Buta and David C. Kopaska-Merkel is about the site and its discovery. In 2012 they wrote a guidebook for the site.
Digs open to the public have been held at the site. Ichnofossils including various Kouphichnium have been found at the site.
Alabama Public Television aired a Discovering Alabama episode on fossiling and fossil sites in Alabama including this one.
# Jonesboro Economical Transit

Jonesboro Economical Transit System, better known as JETS, is the public transportation system in Jonesboro, the largest city in northeastern Arkansas. There are three scheduled bus routes and paratransit service is provided for individuals who cannot use the regular fixed-route bus service.
JETS is a member of the Arkansas Transit Association.

## Operations

JETS was launched on May 4, 2006, with three buses operating on 3 fixed routes (15,35,55) and 4 paratransit vans. As of 2018, there are five fixed routes, with five buses normally running those routes (17, 27, 37, 43, 53). Hours of operation are from 5:00 am to 7:00 pm on weekdays, with limited Saturday service also available on select routes.

### Regional Transfer Station

The Regional Transfer Station serves as the primary transfer hub for JETS, with connections to Greyhound Lines buses at Caraway Road and Washington Avenue. The $1.1 million project broke ground on April 30, 2015 and opened on October 23 that year. The new facility provides space for eight buses and a 2,000 square foot waiting area for passengers.

### Routes

* 17 Central
* 27 Downtown West
* 37 North
* 43 South Central
* 53 East

## Fixed route ridership

The ridership statistics shown here are of fixed route services only and do not include demand response services.