# List of Germanic languages

The Germanic languages include some 58 (SIL estimate) languages and dialects that originated in Europe; this language family is part of the Indo-European language family. Each subfamily in this list contains subgroups and individual languages.
The standard division of Germanic is into three branches:
* East Germanic languages
* North Germanic languages
* West Germanic languages
They all descend from Proto-Germanic, and ultimately from Proto-Indo-European.
South Germanic languages, an attempt to classify some of the West Germanic languages into a separate group, is rejected by the overwhelming majority of scholars.
† denotes extinct languages.

## West Germanic

* Proto-West Germanic
** High German languages
*** Old High German† & Middle High German†
**** Upper German
***** High Franconian
****** East Franconian German
****** South Franconian German
***** Alemannic German
****** Swabian German, including Stuttgart
****** Low Alemannic German, including the area of Lake Constance and Basel German
******* Alsatian
******* Colonia Tovar German
****** Central Alemannic
******* Argentinien-schwyzertütsch
****** Walser German
****** High Alemannic German, including Zürich German and Bernese German
****** Highest Alemannic German, including the Bernese Oberland dialects and Walliser German
***** Bavarian
****** Northern Bavarian (including Nuremberg)
****** Central Bavarian (including Munich and Vienna)
****** Southern Bavarian (including Innsbruck, Klagenfurt, and Bolzano, Italy)
******* Hutterite German aka "Tirolean"
****** Mócheno
****** Cimbrian
**** Central German languages
***** West Central German
****** Amana German
****** Central Franconian
******* Ripuarian Franconian
******* Moselle Franconian
******** Hunsrik
******** Luxembourgish
******** Transylvanian Saxon
****** Rhine Franconian
******* Hessian
******* Palatine
******** Pennsylvania German (spoken by the Amish and other groups in southeastern Pennsylvania
******* Lorraine Franconian
***** East Central German
****** Thuringian
****** Upper Saxon
****** North Upper Saxon–South Markish
****** Silesian
******* Halcnovian
******* Wymysorys (with a significant influence from Low Saxon, Dutch, Polish, and Scots)
****** High Prussian
**** Yiddish (with a significant influx of vocabulary from Hebrew and other languages, and traditionally written in the Hebrew alphabet)
***** Eastern Yiddish
***** Western Yiddish
** Low Franconian languages
*** Old Frankish†
**** Old Low Franconian†
***** Old East Low Franconian†
****** Limburgian
***** Old West Low Franconian† / Old Dutch†
****** Middle Dutch†
******* Modern Dutch
******** West Flemish
******** East Flemish
******** Zeelandic
******** Central Dutch
********* Hollandic
********* Kleverlandish
******** Brabantine
********* Brusselian
******** Stadsfries dialects
******* Afrikaans (with a significant influx of vocabulary from other languages)
** Low German languages
*** Old Saxon† & Middle Low German†
**** West Low German
***** Northern Low Saxon
***** East Frisian Low Saxon
***** Westphalian
***** Eastphalian
**** East Low German
***** Brandenburgisch
***** Mecklenburgisch-Vorpommersch
***** Middle Pomeranian
***** East Pomeranian
***** Low Prussian
***** Plautdietsch (Mennonite Low German, used also in many other countries)
** Anglo-Frisian
*** Old Frisian†
**** Frisian
***** West Frisian languages
****** West Frisian language (spoken in the Netherlands)
******* Clay Frisian (Klaaifrysk)
******* Wood Frisian (Wâldfrysk)
******** Noardhoeks
******* South Frisian (Súdhoeks)
******* Southwest Frisian (Súdwesthoeksk)
******* Schiermonnikoogs
******* Hindeloopers
******* Aasters
******* Westers
***** East Frisian language (spoken in Germany)
****** Saterland Frisian
****** Wangerooge Frisian†
****** Wursten Frisian†
***** North Frisian language (spoken in Germany)
****** Mainland Frisian
******* Mooring
******* Goesharde Frisian
******* Wiedingharde Frisian
******* Halligen Frisian
******* Karrharde Frisian
****** Island Frisian
******* Söl'ring
******* Fering
******* Öömrang
******* Heligolandic
*** Anglic
**** English language (dialects)
***** Old English†
****** Middle English† (significant influx of words from Old French)
******* Early Modern English†
******** Modern English
********* British English (English English, including Northern English, East Midlands English, West Midlands English, Southern English, and others, Welsh English, Scottish English) and Irish English
********* North American English (American English and Canadian English)
********* Australian English and New Zealand English
********* South African English
********* Zimbabwean English
********* South Asian English (Indian English)
********* South East Asian English (Philippine English, Singapore English, Malaysian English)
********* West Indian English (Caribbean English)
**** Lowland Scots
***** Early Scots†
****** Middle Scots†
******* Modern Scots
******** Glasgow
******** Northern Scots
********* North Northern
********** Black Isle and Easter Ross
*********** Cromarty†
********* Mid Northern (North East Scots or the Doric)
********* South Northern
******** Central Scots
******** Southern Scots
******** Insular Scots
********* Orcadian
********* Shetland dialect
******** Ulster Scots
**** Yola†
**** Fingallian†

## North Germanic
### Ancestral classification

* Proto-Norse $^†$
** Old Norse $^†$
*** West Scandinavian
**** Old West Norse $^†$
***** Old Norwegian $^†$
****** Middle Norwegian $^†$
******* Modern Norwegian dialects
******** Nordnorsk [no] (Northern Norway)
********* Bodø dialect [no] (Bodø)
********* Brønnøy dialect (Brønnøy)
********* Helgeland dialect [no] (Helgeland)
********* other dialects
******** Trøndersk (Trøndelag)
********* Fosen dialect [no] (Fosen)
********* Härjedal dialect [sv] (Härjedalen)
********* Jämtland dialects (Jämtland province) (wide linguistic similarity with the Trøndersk dialects in Norway)
********* Meldal dialect (Meldal)
********* Tydal dialect [no] (Tydal)
********* other dialects
******** Vestlandsk (Western and Southern Norway)
********* West (Vestlandet)
********** Bergen dialect (Bergen)
********** Haugesund dialect [no] (Haugesund)
********** Jærsk dialect [no] (Jæren district)
********** Karmøy dialect [no] (Karmøy)
********** Nordmøre dialects [no] (Nordmøre)
*********** Sunndalsøra dialect [no] (Sunndalsøra)
********** Romsdal dialect [no] (Romsdal)
********** Sandnes dialect (Sandnes)
********** Sogn dialect (Sogn district)
********** Sunnmøre dialect [no] (Sunnmøre)
********** Stavanger dialect (Stavanger)
********** Strilar dialect [no] (Midhordland district)
********* South (Sørlandet)
********** Arendal dialect (Arendal region)
********** Valle-Setesdalsk dialect [no] (Upper Setesdal, Valle)
********* other dialects
******** Østlandsk [no] (Eastern Norway)
********* Flatbygd dialects [no] (Lowland districts)
********** Vikværsk dialects (Viken district)
*********** Andebu dialect [no] (Andebu)
*********** Bohuslän dialect [sv] (Bohuslän province) (influenced by Swedish in retrospective)
*********** Grenland dialect [no] (Grenland district)
*********** Oslo dialect (Oslo)
********** Midtøstland dialects [no] (Mid-east districts)
*********** Ringerike dialects [no] (Ringerike district)
************ Hønefoss dialect [no] (Hønefoss)
************ Ådal dialect [no] (Ådal)
********** Oppland dialect [no] (Opplandene district)
*********** Hedmark dialects (Hedmark)
************ Solung dialect [no] (Solør)
********** Hadeland dialect [no] (Hadeland district)
********** Østerdal dialect [no] (Viken district)
*********** Särna-Idre dialect (Särna and Idre)
********* Midland dialects [no] (Midland districts)
********** Gudbrandsdal dialect (Gudbrandsdalen, Oppland and Upper Folldal, Hedmark)
********** Hallingdal-Valdres dialects (Hallingdal, Valdres)
*********** Hallingdal dialect [no]
*********** Valdris dialect (Valdres district)
********** Telemark-Numedal dialects (Telemark and Numedal)
*********** Bø dialect [no]
********* other dialects
****** Old Faroese $^†$
******* Middle Faroese $^†$
******** Modern Faroese
****** Norn †
******* Caithness Norn †
******* Orkney Norn †
******* Shetland Norn †
***** Old Icelandic $^†$
****** Middle Icelandic $^†$
******* Modern Icelandic
***** Greenlandic Norse †
*** East Scandinavian
**** Old East Norse $^†$
***** Old Danish $^†$
****** Middle Danish $^†$
******* Modern Danish
******** Bornholmsk
******** Island Danish
******** Jutlandic/Jutish
********* North Jutlandic
********* East Jutlandic
********* West Jutlandic
********* South Jutlandic (Danish: Slesvig; German: Schleswig)
******* Gøtudanskt (Faroese street Danish)
******* Urban East Norwegian (generally considered a Norwegian dialect)
***** Old Swedish $^†$
****** Modern Swedish
******* Norrland dialects
******* Svealand Swedish
******** Dalecarlian
********* Elfdalian (considered a Swedish Sveamål dialect, but has official orthography and is, because of a lower degree of mutual intelligibility with Swedish, considered a separate language by many linguists, see p. 6 in this reference)
******* Götamål (Götaland)
******* East Swedish
******** Swedish dialects in Ostrobothnia
******** Other dialects of Finland Swedish
******** Estonian Swedish
******* South Swedish
******* Gutnish
******** Old Gutnish $^†$
********* Modern Gutnish

### Alternate classification of contemporary North Germanic languages based on mutual intelligibility

* Insular Scandinavian
** Icelandic
** Faroese
* Continental Scandinavian
** Danish
** Norwegian
** Swedish

## East Germanic

See: East Germanic languages#Classification