# Vernon Hill (sculptor)

Vernon Hill (1887–1972), born in Halifax, Yorkshire, England, was a sculptor, lithographer, illustrator and draughtsman.
He began his work in print-making and lithography, and branched out into other artistic forms, such as sculpture. He illustrated several works and created etchings. His more notable works were commissions from Sir Edward Maufe for interior and exterior architectural sculptures on Maufe's buildings, including Guildford Cathedral, the Runnymede Memorial and several churches.
He died in 1972.

## Early life

Vernon Hill was born in 1887 in Halifax, Yorkshire. He began formal training in print-making at an early age; at the age 13 he was apprenticed to a lithographer. In about 1908, at the age of 21, Hill moved to London and took up poster illustration, working under John Hassall, a poster designer and illustrator.
From 1909 to 1914 Hill received commissions for work as an illustrator on various projects. He created Art Nouveau illustrations for an Arcadian Calendar for 1910 in 1909, Stephen Phillips' The New Inferno in 1911 and for Richard Pearse Chope's Ballads Weird and Wonderful the following year. In 1912 one of his works was exhibited at the Royal Academy. His etchings were described by Campbell Fine Art as follows:
   The distinctive allegorical etchings of Vernon Hill are all now scarce. His highly evocative work appears to have evolved entirely independently from the trends of his time, although overtones of the mysticism which so influenced Frederick Carter and Austin Osman Spare can be traced in some of his works.
Richard Pearse Chope commissioned Hill to create a series of designs for Roof Bosses at St. Nectan church, Stoke, Hartland c.1912. The bosses are in three sets; two sets are of plants and trees of which the first letter of each spell out the names of Chope's brothers (Dennis & Abbot Chope). The third set are of biblical associations. Hill is thought to have sculpted these bosses although some indicate they were done by Messers Reads of Exeter.

## Notable commissions

His most notable work as a sculptor is to be seen on various buildings by Sir Edward Maufe, who regularly commissioned Hill.

### Guildford Cathedral

Some of Hill's finest work can be seen at Guildford Cathedral in Guildford, Surrey. Apart from the reliefs on the south door entrance he carved the angels on the sedilia inside the cathedral, as well as the tongues of flame on the pulpit and lectern. He also carved the arms of Bishop Greig over the inside of the sacristy door and the figure of Saint Ursula over the inside of St Ursula's Porch.
At the east door of the south porch (on either side of the central buttress pier in the south transept) are two magnificent bronze doors set under two arches which feature Vernon Hill's reliefs. These are depictions of various occupations, of both men and women. The men's occupations are on the right-hand door and include sowing, woodcutting, fishing, hunting, shepherding and ploughing; on the left-hand door are depicted women's traditional occupations including milking, spinning, and teaching.
* Teaching
* Milking
* Spinning
* Sowing
* Shepherding
* Ploughing

### Runnymede Memorial

Hill sculpted the Air Forces Memorial at Runnymede, designed by Maufe. Overlooking the Thames Valley, the memorial commemorates the more than 20,000 Royal Air Force servicemen and -women who died during World War II and have no known graves. The panels of inscriptions bear their names.
Among Hill's works are the architectural sculptures of Courage, Victory and Justice, which adorn the entry to the shrine on the north side of the triple arched portico by the cloisters.

### St Columba's Church, London

Maufe was the architect for the re-building of St Columba's Church, Pont Street, London, which had been destroyed in 1941 during World War II. Hill provided interior and exterior stone sculptures for the construction between 1950 and 1955. Maufe described the finished work as "of an especial beauty."

### St John's College, Cambridge

Also commissioned by Maufe, Hill completed an architectural sculpture of the arms of St John's College, Cambridge, for the north side of North Court.

### Church of St Thomas the Apostle, Hanwell

Hill sculpted several works out of Weldon stone for Maufe's church of St Thomas the Apostle, Hanwell. These included a sculpture of doves over the north door and one of two birds eating a bunch of grapes, depicting the Communion, over the west door. He also carved a Virgin and Child and a font. The font includes symbols for Christ, such as the ΙΧΘΥΣ cypher and an image of a fish. He also made a sculpture of Saint Christopher.
* Hill's keystone carving of a dove over the north door
* Virgin and Child, carved in Caen stone, in the Morning Chapel (Lady Chapel)

## Works

| Work | Year | Type of work | Notes and References |
| A girl decked with leaves | 1905–1930 | Etching | The etching shows the head of a woman with leaves in her hair. It is printed with plate-tone in brown ink on speckled buff paper. |
| Air Maidens | 1927 (exhibited) | Sculpture | The wooden figure group was exhibited at Sculpture, Drawings and Etchings by Vernon Hill (Leicester Galleries) in 1927. |
| Back of Hand-mirror | 1927 (exhibited) | Sculpture | The bronze cast sculpture was exhibited at Leicester Galleries for the "Sculpture, Drawings and Etchings by Vernon Hill" exhibit. |
| Ballads Weird and Wonderful | 1912 | Illustrations | Hill illustrated a book of ancient legendary ballads. For example, see Young Benjie. |
| Blind | 1902–1915 | Print | Walking in the dark is a ragged old man (etching and aquatint). |
| Crescent Moon | 1927 (exhibited) | Sculpture | The lead sculpture was exhibited at Leicester Galleries for the "Sculpture, Drawings and Etchings by Vernon Hill" exhibit. |
| Dawn with Trumpet | 1905–1924 | Print | The etching, of an "allegorical figure in flowing rows blowing trumpet in doorway", is printed with plate-tone in brown ink. |
| Day joy | 1927 (exhibited) | Sculpture | The bronze cast sculpture was exhibited at Leicester Galleries for the "Sculpture, Drawings and Etchings by Vernon Hill" exhibit. |
| Door Knocker | 1927 (exhibited) | Architectural sculpture | The bronze cast door knocker was exhibited at Leicester Galleries for the "Sculpture, Drawings and Etchings by Vernon Hill" exhibit. |
| Elfin Crown | 1927 (exhibited) | Sculpture | The bronze cast sculpture was exhibited at Leicester Galleries for the "Sculpture, Drawings and Etchings by Vernon Hill" exhibit. |
| Evening | 1905–1915 | Print | The work depicts two sitting figures: a woman sitting near a fire and a satyr holding a crook. |
| Fire | 1905–1915 | Print | The work, an etching, depicts a naked man walking in flames while shielding his face. |
| The Guardian | 1905–1915 | Print | A seated semi-nude angel is holding a branch of leaves and a trumpet. The work is an etching. |
| Mermaid | 1927 (exhibited) | Sculpture | The carved animal bone sculpture was exhibited at Leicester Galleries for the "Sculpture, Drawings and Etchings by Vernon Hill" exhibit. |
| Moon Maidens | 1927 (exhibited) | Sculpture | The wood carved sculpture was exhibited at Leicester Galleries for the "Sculpture, Drawings and Etchings by Vernon Hill" exhibit. |
| Moon Maidens | 1930 (exhibited) | Sculpture | The bronze sculpture was exhibited at Leeds City Art Gallery, Yorkshire Artists' Exhibition in 1928. |
| Morning Gladness | 1927 (exhibited) | Sculpture | The bronze cast sculpture was exhibited at Leicester Galleries for the "Sculpture, Drawings and Etchings by Vernon Hill" exhibit. |
| Night | 1927 (exhibited) | Sculpture | The carved stone sculpture was exhibited at Leicester Galleries for the "Sculpture, Drawings and Etchings by Vernon Hill" exhibit. |
| Nymph | 1927 (exhibited) | Sculpture | The bronze cast sculpture was exhibited at Leicester Galleries for the "Sculpture, Drawings and Etchings by Vernon Hill" exhibit. |
| Rapture | 1927 (exhibited) | Sculpture | The bronze cast sculpture was exhibited at Leicester Galleries for the "Sculpture, Drawings and Etchings by Vernon Hill" exhibit. |
| Roaring flame | 1927 (exhibited) | Sculpture | The bronze cast sculpture was exhibited at Leicester Galleries for the "Sculpture, Drawings and Etchings by Vernon Hill" exhibit. |
| Sea Frolic | 1927 (exhibited) | Print | The work is a photomechanical print invitation of three entwined mermaids for the Leicester Galleries Exhibition of Sculpture, Drawings and Etchings by Vernon Hill in 1927. |
| Sorrow | 1927 (exhibited) | Sculpture | The carved marble sculpture was exhibited at Leicester Galleries for the "Sculpture, Drawings and Etchings by Vernon Hill" exhibit. |
| St Joan of Arc's Church sculpture | Unknown | Sculpture | Hill made a sculpture for the church; further details are unknown. |
| The Arcadian Calendar | 1909 | Illustration | The calendar is believed to contain Hill's first commissioned illustrations. The work was published by John Lane The Bodley Head. |
| The Awakening | 1930 (exhibited) | Sculpture | The bronze sculpture was exhibited at Leeds City Art Gallery, Yorkshire Artists' Exhibition in 1930. |
| The Chase | 1928 (exhibited) | Sculpture | The bronze sculpture was exhibited at Leeds City Art Gallery, Yorkshire Artists' Exhibition in 1928. |
| The Flower of Silence | 1927 (exhibited) | Sculpture | The carved wood sculpture was exhibited at Leicester Galleries for the "Sculpture, Drawings and Etchings by Vernon Hill" exhibit. |
| The Mask | 1927 (exhibited) | Sculpture | The bronze cast sculpture was exhibited at Leicester Galleries for the "Sculpture, Drawings and Etchings by Vernon Hill" exhibit. |
| The Messenger | 1905–1915 | Print | The work depicts a man naked except for winged sandals flying above the mountains while carrying a banner. |
| The Moon Chariot | 1927 (exhibited) | Sculpture | The lead sculpture was exhibited at Leicester Galleries for the "Sculpture, Drawings and Etchings by Vernon Hill" exhibit. |
| The New Inferno | 1910 | Illustration | Hill created Art Nouveau illustrations for S. Phillips' The New Inferno in 1911. |
| The Spirit that destroyed Rheims | 1905–1915 | Print | An etching, made on cream paper, depicting a figure brandishing a sword while bursting through flames. |
| The Sun God | 1927 (exhibited) | Sculpture | The carved stone sculpture was exhibited at Leicester Galleries for the "Sculpture, Drawings and Etchings by Vernon Hill" exhibit. |
| The Wave | 1927 (exhibited) | Sculpture | The carved marble sculpture was exhibited at Leicester Galleries for the "Sculpture, Drawings and Etchings by Vernon Hill" exhibit. |
| The Wheel | 1927 (exhibited) | Sculpture | The bronze cast sculpture was exhibited at Leicester Galleries for the "Sculpture, Drawings and Etchings by Vernon Hill" exhibit. |
| The woman-wind asleep | 1927 (exhibited) | Sculpture | The lead sculpture was exhibited at Leicester Galleries for the "Sculpture, Drawings and Etchings by Vernon Hill" exhibit. |
| Tramping with a Poet through the Rockies | Before 1922 | Illustrations | Hill illustrated the travel journal of authors Vachel Lindsay and Stephen Graham through the United States and Canadian Rockies, with stops at an Indian reservation and a Mormon temple. |
| Wind Helmet | 1927 (exhibited) | Sculpture | The bronze cast sculpture was exhibited at Leicester Galleries for the "Sculpture, Drawings and Etchings by Vernon Hill" exhibit. |

## Exhibitions

Hill exhibited:
    1927 - Multiple works at Leicester Galleries: Sculpture, Drawings and Etchings by Vernon Hill
    1928 - Multiple works at Leeds City Art Gallery, Yorkshire Artists' Exhibition
    1930 - The Awakening at Leeds City Art Gallery, Yorkshire Artists' Exhibition