OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Nicholas Carnegie

Major General Nicholas Carnegie of Coates HEIC (1750–1824) was an 18/19th century British Army Officer

## Life

He was stepbrother of George Carnegie whose mother Susan Carnegie was cousin to David Scott, Chairman of the East India Company. This rather tenuous connection was critical to his whole career.
He joined the East India Company as a junior officer (usually an Ensign) around 1765. He served mainly in India to the needs of the Scindia rulers. He reached the rank of Major in 1801. He fought against the Holkar in 1801/2 and in the Battle of Hadapsar in 1802.
He served in the Anglo-Maratha Wars in 1803. This included the mutiny of the 1st Brigade in September 1803 where he and a fellow officer escaped before the Massacre of Assaye.
On 12 November 1804 he was promoted to Lt Colonel.
He was in charge of the Bengal Artillery in India at the rank of Colonel until he resigned in 1808, being replaced by John Horsford.
Around 1810 he purchased The Castle Stead near Montrose from the Marquis of Montrose. He spent his final years in West Coates House in Edinburgh in 1822.
He died at West Coates House in west Edinburgh on 30 May 1824. He is buried in the churchyard of St John's Church on Princes Street in Edinburgh. The grave lies on the lowest terrace.

## Family

He was married to Margaret Catherine Boswell (1786-1877), 36 years his junior, who outlived him by half a century.
They had two daughters: Sibella and Susan.
# Cyber and Electro Magnetic Activities Effects Group

The Cyber and Electro Magnetic Activities Effects Group (CEMA Effects Group) is a combat support formation of the British Army formed in 2024. The group brings together three specialist regiments of the Royal Corps of Signals under Commander Field Army.

## History

As part of the Army 2020 and subsequently Army 2020 Refine programmes, the 14th Signal Regiment (Electronic Warfare) under control of the 1st Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance Brigade (6th (UK) Division), while the 13th Signal Regiment was formed in June 2020 under 1st (UK) Signal Brigade (6th (UK) Division) as the first dedicated cyber unit. The last regiment, 21st Signal Regiment was under 7th Signal Group, part of 11th Signal Brigade and Headquarters West Midlands (1st (UK) Division, later 3rd (UK) Division). However, under the Future Soldier programme, these three units will be grouped together into a new Colonel's command (Group) and become the "Cyber and Electro Magnetic Activities Effects Group".
The group will, alongside 16th Air Assault Brigade Combat Team, the Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance Group, 2nd Medical Group, and the Land Warfare Centre be part of Field Army Troops, a sub-command of the Field Army which is under direct control of Field Army HQ.
The group's role was described as follows "The Cyber and Electro Magnetic Activities (CEMA) Effects Group will command the Army's two Electronic Warfare and Signals Intelligence (EWSI) regiments; 14th and 21st Signals Regiments, and the cyber regiment, 13th Signals Regiment; delivering cutting edge technical capability to the point of need".

## Structure

The structure of the group by 2030 will be as follows:
* Group Headquarters, at Marlborough Lines, Andover
** 13th Signal Regiment, Royal Corps of Signals, at Basil Hill Barracks, Corsham – cyber operations
** 14th Signal Regiment, Royal Corps of Signals, at Imjin Barracks, Innsworth – electronic warfare operations
** 21st Signal Regiment, Royal Corps of Signals, at Colerne Station, Chippenham – electronic warfare operations

## Footnotes

* 1 2 "Army's Only Cyber Regiment Celebrates First Birthday". www.army.mod.uk. Retrieved 5 December 2021.
* 1 2 3 4 "Future Soldier Guide" (PDF). United Kingdom Parliamentary Publications. 25 November 2021. Retrieved 25 November 2021.
* 1 2 3 4 "CEMA Effects Group". www.army.mod.uk. Retrieved 25 November 2021.
* ↑ "Defence Secretary announces Future Soldier for the British Army". GOV.UK. 25 November 2021. Retrieved 5 December 2021.
* This article about a specific British military unit is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# The Mastermind Jinda Sukha

The Mastermind Jinda Sukha is 2015 Indian Punjabi-language film initially released on11 September 2015. The film is based on letters exchanged by Harjinder Singh Jinda and Sukhdev Singh Sukha (the assassins of Indian Army chief Arun Shridhar Vaidya) during their imprisonment in Pune.

## Cast

Cast of The Mastermind Jinda Sukha is:
* Nav Bajwa
* Sonpreet Jawanda
* Guggu Gill
* Sukhjinder Shera
* Satwant Kaur
* Harinder Bubb
* Isha Sharma
* Sunita Dhir
* Davvy Singh
* Amritpal Singh (Billa)
* Jaggi Dhuri
* Parminder Gill

## Shooting

The Mastermind Jinda Sukha is shot at Harjinder Singh Jinda's and Sukhdev Singh Sukha's villages. Its also shot at different locations of Pune city. But shooting at Gen Vaidya Marg (Old Anderson Road) was not allowed as its location falls in cantonment area for which film crew was not granted permission by Indian Army officials.

## Release

The Mastermind Jinda Sukha was to release on 11 September 2015 worldwide and was cleared by Central Board of Film Certification on 24 July 2015. The certification was withdrawn on 9 September 2015, after Ministry of Home Affairs was alerted by Intelligence Bureau. Film critic and former member of the CBFC Shubhra Gupta criticised the ban and questioned censorship vs certification in India. Other CBFC member and filmmaker Ashoke Pandit, also criticised CBFC chairman Pahlaj Nihalani’s decision to Ban the movie.
Film was released overseas on 11 September 2015.
# Karl Reinhardt (philologist)

Karl Ludwig Reinhardt (February 14, 1886 – January 9, 1958) was a German classical philologist.

## Life

Reinhardt was born in Detmold, and grew up in Frankfurt, the city to which his father, the educational reformer Karl Reinhardt, Sr., had been called in 1886 to serve as head of the Lessing-Gymnasium. In Frankfurt the younger Reinhardt studied at the Goethe-Gymnasium, a secondary school founded in 1897 on the principles of his father's Frankfurter Lehrplan ("Frankfurt Teaching Plan"), and directed by him from 1897 to 1904.
Karl Ludwig was the grandson of businessman Carl Johann Freudenberg, founder of the Freudenberg Group (Unternehmensgruppe Freudenberg).
In 1905, he began studying classical philology at the University of Bonn and the Humboldt University of Berlin. There he received his doctorate in 1910 under Ulrich von Wilamowitz-Moellendorff. Upon graduation, he taught at the universities of Bonn, Marburg, and Hamburg, until he was called to the University of Frankfurt in 1924. He remained there until he was named Professor of Classical Philology Emeritus in 1951, except for the years 1942–1945, when he was at the University of Leipzig. He became a regular member of the Saxon Academy of Sciences at the time of his call to Leipzig. In 1937 The Bavarian Academy of Sciences named him a corresponding member.
Professor Karl Ludwig Reinhardt is considered one of the leading Hellenists of his time. He is perhaps best known for his researches on Posidonius, but he also wrote highly original monographs on the Presocratics, Aeschylus, and Sophocles. Although he was mainly a disciple of Wilamowitz, for a time in his youth he came under the influence of Nietzsche and the poetic circle of Stefan George. His many writings in turn had a profound effect on the thought of Ernst Cassirer, Martin Heidegger and Wolfgang Schadewaldt.
In 1952 Reinhardt was inducted into the Order Pour le mérite für Wissenschaften und Künste and in 1956 was awarded an honorary doctorate from the University of Frankfurt. He died in Frankfurt am Main.

## Writings

* Parmenides und die Geschichte der griechischen Philosophie (1916
* Poseidonios von Apameia: Der Rhodier genannt (1921)
* Kosmos und Sympathie (1926)
* Platons Mythen (1927)
* Sophokles (1933)
* Aischylos als Regisseur und Theologe (1948)
* Von Werken und Formen (1948)
* Die Iliad und ihr Dichter. Edited and published posthumously by Uvo Hölscher (1961)
* Erinnerungen an einen Lehrer (1961)
* Erinnerungen (n.d.)
# Thuto Ramafifi

Thuto Oaboloka Ramafifi (born 9 January 1992) is a Motswana footballer who plays as a striker.

## Early life

Ramafifi played netball at a young age.

## Education

Ramafifi attended Ledumang Senior Secondary School in Botswana.

## Club career

Ramafifi has been the top scorer of the NCAA Division II with twenty-six goals.

## International career

Ramafifi played for the Botswana women's national football team for the 2022 Women's Africa Cup of Nations qualification.

## Style of play

Ramafifi mainly operates as a striker and has been described as "modeling her style of play on Portuguese icon Cristiano Ronaldo.

## Managerial career

Ramfifi attended a preliminary FIFA coaching course in Namibia and a Premier Skills coaching course in Botswana.

## Personal life

Ramfifi is a native of Gaborone, Botswana.
# Belye Berega

Belye Berega (Russian: Бе́лые Берега́) is the name of several inhabited localities in Russia.
# Carrasco Creek

Carrasco Creek (Spanish: Arroyo Carrasco) is a Uruguayan stream, separating Canelones Department and Montevideo Department. It flows from the Carrasco Swamps into the Río de la Plata.
It is one of the most contaminated water streams in the country.
# J. Evan Sadler

Jasper Evan Sadler III (9 November 1951 – 13 December 2018) was an American hematologist.
Sadler was born in Huntington, West Virginia, on 9 November 1951 to pathologist Jasper Evan Sadler Jr. and his wife Clara Rose Thompson Sadler. The younger Sadler studied chemistry at Princeton University and completed a medical degree at Duke University School of Medicine. Sadler completed his residency at Duke and a fellowship at the University of Washington and subsequently joined Washington University School of Medicine faculty in 1984. Between 1982 and 2008, Sadler was a Howard Hughes Medical Investigator. In 2014, Sadler was appointed Ira M. Lang Professor of Medicine.
In 1988, Sadler was elected a member of the American Society for Clinical Investigation. He was granted fellowship by the American Association for the Advancement of Science in 1998, and membership by the National Academy of Medicine in 2013. Sadler was president of the American Society of Hematology and won the organization's Henry M. Stratton Medal for Basic Science in 2016, followed by its Exemplary Service Award in 2018. He received the Distinguished Career Award and Robert P. Grant Medal from the International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis in 2001 and 2018, respectively. Sadler died of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in Clayton, Missouri, on 13 December 2018, aged 67.
# Parabathymyrus brachyrhynchus

Parabathymyrus brachyrhynchus is an eel in the family Congridae (conger/garden eels). It was described by Henry Weed Fowler in 1934, originally under the genus Ariosoma. It is a marine, deep water-dwelling eel which is known from the western central Pacific Ocean. It dwells at a maximum depth of 289 metres. Males can reach a maximum total length of 33 centimetres.
The species epithet, "brachyrhynchus", refers to the short snout of the species.
# John MacDougall Hay

John MacDougall Hay (23 October 1880 – 10 December 1919) was a Scottish novelist.
He was born and grew up in Tarbert, Argyll. He graduated in 1900 with an M.A. from the University of Glasgow. He was initially a school teacher in Stornaway, but then became a Church of Scotland minister. He was the father of Sheena Campbell Hay (1911–1987) and George Campbell Hay, the Scottish Gaelic poet.
He is mainly known for his novel Gillespie (1914), set in a fictionalised version of his home town of Tarbert. It received favourable reviews when it was published in 1914, but was largely forgotten until it was re-discovered in the late 20th century. He also wrote a second novel Barnacles (1916), and a collection of poems Their Dead Sons (1918). In the year of his death, he was planning a third novel set in the Church of Scotland and to be entitled The Martyr.
In poor health for much of his adult life, he died of tuberculosis at the age of only 39.
# Redl-Zipf

The Redl-Zipf V-2 rocket facility (code name Schlier) located in central Austria between Vöcklabruck and Vöcklamarkt and established in September 1943 began operation for V-2 rocket motor testing after Raxwerke test equipment had been moved from Friedrichshafen.
The facility tested V-2 combustion chambers' compatibility with turbopumps since the rocket did not have a controller for reducing the turbopumping of propellant into the chamber if pressure became too high. The World War II facility used as a starting base the cellars and storage tunnels of an old brewery. Construction of the facility was under the command of SS-Obergruppenführer Hans Kammler who was responsible for Nazi civil engineering projects and its top secret weapons programs and used forced labor from the Schlier-Redl-Zipf$^{:207}$ subcamp of the Mauthausen-Gusen concentration camp. The construction added a large number of tunnels and supporting structures and included a liquid oxygen generation plant in one of the tunnels.
A large explosion on February 29, 1944, killed 14 people, destroyed several installations, and halted production of liquid oxygen at the facility for almost two months. A report to Albert Speer indicated the cause of the explosion was a liquid oxygen leak and an open carbide lamp carried by the plant foreman. Another serious explosion at 12:29 PM on August 28, 1944, killed 27 people and caused significant damage to the facility. Among the 27 casualties was Ilse Oberth (1924–1944), the youngest daughter of rocket pioneer Hermann Julius Oberth. Ilse Oberth worked at the facility as a rocket technician and had arrived four months earlier on April 28, 1944. All of those killed in the explosion were given a state funeral and are interred at the Vöcklabruck-Schöndorf cemetery. After the August 1944 explosion, liquid oxygen production at the Schlier plant stopped once again which led to the establishment of a third V-2 liquid oxygen plant (5000 tons/month) at a slate quarry at Lehesten near the Mittelwerk (turbopump/chamber compatibility testing for Mittelwerk production was also performed at the Lehesten facility).
Karl Heimberg, who had worked at Peenemünde Test Stand 7, was transferred to "Vorwerk Süd" at Redl-Zipf and then, for the period from late 1944 to early April 1945, to Lehesten (he later returned to Peenemünde with Walter Riedel III to burn design office files and participated in the post-war Operation Backfire).
The Operation Bernhard forced labor team at Sachsenhausen concentration camp for producing counterfeit British money was transferred to the Schlier-Redl-Zipf subcamp until the beginning of May 1945, when the team of prisoners was ordered to transfer to the Ebensee concentration camp.
# Carrión (river)

The Carrión is a river in northern Spain. Its source is in the mountain range called Fuentes Carrionas, and it is a tributary of the river Pisuerga, into which it flows just upstream from Valladolid. The entire course of the river is within the province of Palencia, where in addition to the capital it flows through the towns of Guardo, Saldaña and Carrión de los Condes.
# Painted eel

The painted eel (Echelus myrus) is an eel in the family Ophichthidae (worm/snake eels). It was described by Carl Linnaeus in 1758, originally under the genus Muraena. It is a marine, subtropical eel which is known from the eastern Atlantic Ocean, including the Bay of Biscay, the Republic of Congo, and the Mediterranean. It dwells at a depth range of 3 to 12 metres (9.8 to 39.4 ft), and inhabits burrows formed in sand and mud sediments in coastal lagoons and estuaries. Males can reach a maximum total length of 100 centimetres (39 in), but more commonly reach a TL of 60 centimetres (24 in).
The Painted eel is of minor commercial interest to fisheries. It has been recorded spawning in the Bay of Algiers during the months of August and September.
# Parabathymyrus karrerae

Parabathymyrus karrerae is an eel in the family Congridae (conger/garden eels). It was described by Emma Stanislavovna Karmovskaya in 1991. It is a marine, deep water-dwelling eel which is known from Cape Tala and Madagascar, in the western Indian Ocean. It dwells at a depth range of 260–405 metres.
The species epithet honours ichthyologist Christine Karrer.
# Charlotte Hodes

Charlotte Hodes (born 1959 in London), is a British artist.
She is a Fine Artist living and working in London. Hodes completed a Foundation course at Brighton College of Art (1977–1978), studied Fine Art as an undergraduate student (1978–1982) and Painting as a postgraduate student (1982–1984) at the Slade School of Fine Art, University College, University of London. At the Slade School under the Professorship of Lawrence Gowing, she was a student of Paula Rego, Stanley Jones and John Hoyland.
Hodes’ practice is informed by her experience as a painter and is investigated through large scale papercuts which have been both digitally collaged and intricately hand cut, as well as ornately decorated ceramic vessels, tableware and glass. Her iconography is centred on the female figure within a contemporary context depicted as a silhouette juxtaposed with motifs loaded with female associated references such as the vessel and skirt. Her work questions hierarchies of the female figure as represented in art history, as a decorative motif and as being inextricably linked to the domestic. She draws upon the decorative and applied arts, fashion and costume, often using archives and collections as a source for projects.
Hodes is the only contemporary artist to have been invited to work as an artist at the celebrated ceramic factory Spode (1998–2003). In 2005 she was appointed the first Associate Artist at The Wallace Collection culminating in her solo exhibition ‘ Fragmented Images’ at the museum in 2007. In 2006 she was awarded the Jerwood Drawing Prize and in 2009 held a solo exhibition at Marlborough Fine Art She has participated in many group exhibitions both nationally and internationally including ‘Digital Responses’ Victoria and Albert Museum 2003, ‘Somewhere Totally Else’ Design Biennial, Design Museum London 2003, ‘Glasstress’ Palazzo Cavalli Franchetti 53rdInternational Venice Biennale 2009, ‘Inscription: Thinking/Drawing/Making’ Jerwood Space Gallery London 2010 and in 2012 featured in an exhibition at No.10 Downing Street curated by Janice Blackburn.
Hodes has collaborated with a number of studios and industry including Spode, Park Rose Ceramics Yorkshire, Centre for Fine Art Print, University of West of England, National Glass Centre University of Sunderland, Berengo Studio, Murano and Venice Projects Italy.
Hodes’ work is represented in many public collections including the Victoria and Albert Museum, British Council and Brighton Museum & Art Gallery.
She has lectured at numerous colleges in the UK and in 2006 joined the research department at London College of Fashion, University of the Arts London where she was appointed Professor in Fine Art in 2012.
Hodes founded the Culford Press in 1985 with her husband, the sculptor and printmaker Paul Coldwell at their home in Hackney. She is the daughter of the landscape painter, Joan Hodes who studied at the Slade School (1945–1948) and was a pupil of Oscar Kokoschka.
# The Secret Lives of Colour

The Secret Lives of Colour is a 2016 non-fiction book by British writer Kassia St. Clair which explores the cultural and social history of colours. The book, which is based on a column St. Clair writes for British magazine Elle Decoration, is organized in a series of chapters by color, arranged from white to black. Each chapter is composed of short, two to four page, essays on different shades of its respective color, discussing an interesting aspect of science, history, art, or culture relating to the shade. There are a total of 75 essays in the book. Each page is bordered by a stripe of the color it discusses for easy visual identification, even when the book is closed.

## Reception

The book was generally well-received by critics. NPR listed it on its Best Books of 2017 list. Lily Le Brun of The Economist found the book's design visually appealing and helpful for referencing. Cathy Dillon of The Irish Times called it "perfect gift for a colour enthusiast". Laura J. Snyder of The Wall Street Journal wrote that it brought the history of both science and art "into vivid relief."
Critics responded particularly well to the breadth of subjects discussed. Claire Voon of Hyperallergic found it "diligently researched," and remarked on the topical diversity of the various essays. Ross Stewart of Chemistry World described the vignette structure as an "effective...conceit" allowing St. Clair to "dance effortlessly through an astonishing range of subjects." Lucy Watson's review in the Financial Times was more critical, describing the book as "somewhat fragmented," and expressing disappointment that the book focused on anecdotes without discussing the classification of color as a broad topic.
# Jonathan M. Hess

Jonathan M. Hess (May 30, 1965 – April 9, 2018) was an American philologist and literary scholar, who served as chair of the Germanic and Slavic Languages and Literatures Department and director of the Center for Jewish Studies at the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill.

## Life and career

Hess earned his bachelor's degree from Yale University, then pursued a master's degree from Johns Hopkins University before completing his graduate studies at the University of Pennsylvania. His dissertation was titled “Aesthetic States: The Political Investments of Aesthetic Autonomy” (1993) and was completed under the direction of Liliane Weissberg.
He joined the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill faculty in 1993 and was promoted to full professor in 2003. In 2005, Hess was appointed Moses M. and Hannah L. Malkin Distinguished Professor of Jewish History and Culture.
Hess died suddenly on April 9, 2018. Professor Hess is survived by his wife and three children.
The Jonathan M. Hess Term Professorship at the University of North Carolina was established in honor of him.
# Piracy Act 1670

The Piracy Act 1670 (22 & 23 Cha. 2. c. 11) was an Act of the Parliament of England.
The whole Act was repealed by section 1 of, and the Schedule to, the Statute Law Revision Act 1966.
# Kofanovka

Kofanovka (Russian: Кофановка), rural localities in Russia, may refer to:
* Kofanovka, Fatezhsky District, Kursk Oblast, a village
* Kofanovka, Medvensky District, Kursk Oblast, a khutor
# Carson River (Western Australia)

The Carson River is a river in the Kimberley region of Western Australia.

## Geography

The headwaters of the river rise at the base of the Foster Range near the southwestern edge of the Drysdale River National Park. The river flows in a northerly direction along the Carson Escarpment and discharges into the King Edward River near Aragoon, about 12 kilometres (7 mi) south of Kalumburu. The river has four tributaries, including Morgan River, Swida Creek and Pronga-Marie Creek.

## History

The traditional owners of the areas around the river are the Wilawila, Miwa and Wunambal peoples. The river contains several permanent pools where examples of Indigenous Australian art, known as the Gwion Gwion rock paintings, can be found along the cliff faces.
The river was named in 1886 by the explorer Charles Burrowes while surveying the area for the Victoria Squatting Company. He named it after the chairman of the company, David Carson.