OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Franco Donatoni

Franco Donatoni (9 June 1927 – 17 August 2000) was an Italian composer.

## Biography

Born in Verona, Donatoni started studying violin at the age of seven, and frequented the local music academy. Later, he studied at the Milan Conservatory and, from 1948, at the Bologna Conservatory.
At least three generations of composers studied with Donatoni. Among his Italian pupils were Sandro Gorli, Roberto Carnevale, Giulio Castagnoli, Ivan Fedele, Luca Mosca, Riccardo Piacentini, Fausto Romitelli, Luc Brewaeys, Pietro Borradori, Giuseppe Sinopoli, Alessandro Solbiati, and Piero Niro; his foreign pupils include Michael Dellaira, Pascal Dusapin, Sylvie Bodorová, Esa-Pekka Salonen, Magnus Lindberg, Katia Tiutiunnik, Javier Torres Maldonado, and Juan Trigos. See: List of music students by teacher: C to F#Franco Donatoni.
Donatoni died in Milan in 2000.
His music appears on the CD labels Stradivarius, Kairos, and Neos.
# National districts of the Soviet Union

National districts or national raions (Russian: Национальные районы) were special raions (administrative units) of the Soviet Union from 1924 up until the 1940s, created to meet the needs of minority ethnic and cultural populations within republics. They were part of the larger policy of korenizatsiia, or "indigenization" pursued during this time.

## Background

The Soviet Russia that took over from the Russian Empire in 1917 was not a nation-state, nor was the Soviet leadership committed to turning their country into such a state. In the early Soviet period, even voluntary assimilation was actively discouraged, and the promotion of the national self-consciousness of the non-Russian populations was attempted. Each officially recognized ethnic minority, however small, was granted its own national territory where it enjoyed a certain degree of autonomy, national schools, and national elites.

## List
### Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic

For Poles in Belarus:
* Dzierżyńszczyzna (1932–1937), centered in Dzyarzhynsk

### Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic

For Greeks in Russia:
* Greek Autonomous District (1930–1939), centered in Krymskaya (now Krymsk)

### Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic

For Bulgarians in Ukraine:
* Blahoieve Raion, centered in Blahoieve (now Velykyi Buialyk)
* Kolarivka Raion [uk], centered in Kolarivka (now Sofiivka)
* Vilshanka Raion, centered in Vilshanka
For Germans in Ukraine:
* Luxemburg National German Raion [ru] (1924–1939), centered in Luxemburg (now Rozivka)
For Jews in Ukraine:
* Kalinindorf Jewish Raion [uk] (1927–1958), centered in Velyka Seideminukha (now Kalynivske, Kherson Oblast)
* Novozlatopil National Jewish Raion [uk] (1929–?), centered in Novozlatopil [uk]
* Stalindorf National Jewish Raion [uk] (1930–?), centered in various settlements over the course of its existence
For Poles in Ukraine:
* Marchlewszczyzna (1925–1935), centered in Marchlewsk (now Dovbysh)
For Russians in Ukraine:
* Chuhuiv Raion (1927–present), centered in Chuhuiv
* Kosiorovsky Russian National Raion [uk] (1930–?), centered in various settlements over the course of its existence
* Putyvl Raion (1927–2020), centered in Putyvl
* Sorokyne Raion (1927–2020), centered in Sorokyne
* Stanytsia-Luhanska Raion (1927–2020), centered in Stanytsia Luhanska
* Velyka Pysarivka Raion (1927–2020), centered in Velyka Pysarivka
# Travis Elborough

Travis Elborough (born 1971, Shoreham-by-Sea, Sussex, England) is the British author of The Bus We Loved: London's Affair With the AEC Routemaster (Granta Books, 2005); The Long-Player Goodbye: The Album From vinyl To iPod And Back Again (Sceptre 2008); and Wish You Were Here - England on Sea (Sceptre 2010) and A Walk in the Park (Jonathan Cape, 2016).
He reviews for The Guardian, and has contributed to New Statesman, The Sunday Times, Zembla and The Oldie.
# Raduzhny (inhabited locality)

Raduzhny (Russian: Ра́дужный; masculine), Raduzhnaya (Ра́дужная; feminine), or Raduzhnoye (Ра́дужное; neuter) is the name of several inhabited localities in Russia.

## Urban localities

* Raduzhny, Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug, a town in Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug
* Raduzhny, Vladimir Oblast, a town in Vladimir Oblast

## Rural localities

* Raduzhny, Republic of Kalmykia, a settlement in Adykovskaya Rural Administration of Chernozemelsky District of the Republic of Kalmykia
* Raduzhny, Magadan Oblast, a settlement in Olsky District of Magadan Oblast
* Raduzhny, Moscow Oblast, a settlement in Raduzhnoye Rural Settlement of Kolomensky District of Moscow Oblast
* Raduzhnoye, Chechen Republic, a selo in Groznensky District of the Chechen Republic
* Raduzhnoye, Samara Oblast, a selo in Syzransky District of Samara Oblast
* Raduzhnaya, a village in Aksinyinskoye Rural Settlement of Stupinsky District of Moscow Oblast
# Valentin the Good

Valentin the Good (Czech: Valentin Dobrotivý) is a 1942 Czech comedy film directed by Martin Frič.

## Cast

* Lilly Hodácová as Julie Kahounová
* Oldřich Nový as Valentin Plavec
* Hana Vítová as Helena Bártová
* Theodor Pištěk as Kudrna, Valentin's uncle
* Mila Spazierova-Hezka as Singer in Sakura
* Zdeňka Baldová as Maruska Kudrnová
* Eman Fiala as Eman Voborník
* Milada Gampeová as Helen's mother
* Ladislav Pešek as Rudolf Brejsovec
* Josef Belský as Manager of Sakura
* Jaroslav Marvan as Bures
* Anna Letenská
# William Robinson (1522–1616)

William Robinson was one of two Members of the Parliament of England for the constituency of York between 1584 and 1586 and then again between 1588 and 1593.

## Life and politics

William was born in 1522. He married Isabel Redman, sister of John Redman from Fullforth, in the County of Yorke, daughter of Richard Redman, of Gressingham, co. Lanc. They had two sons, Thomas and William, and two daughters, Frances and Jane. Frances married the York Alderman, Robert Harrison. Jane was married twice. Firstly to Richard Herbert, a York merchant and secondly to Robert Corney, a medical doctor. His son Thomas died unmarried in 1625. His other son William married Margaret, sister of Sir Henry Jenkins from Grimstone, Yorkshire, and daughter of John Jenkins of Yorke, in 1599 at Catton Derbyshire.
Isabel, his wife, died in 1590 and buried at St. Crux, York. He married his second wife Frances, daughter of Thomas Harrison, a York merchant.
William was made a freeman of the city c. 1558. He also held several offices in the city. Notably those of chamberlain (1563–64); sheriff (1568–69 and 1607–08); alderman and Lord mayor (1581–82 and 1594–95). As an Alderman, he represented the Parish of St Crux. He was a wealthy merchant whose trade was mainly in the region of Denmark and Sweden, known as the Sound. He had resided in Hamburg for several years in his career as a merchant before settling in York. He was chosen to be MP for the city on two occasions. Firstly in 1584 and then again in 1588. According to records he had several disagreements with various merchants in the city.
William died in 1616 and was buried in St Crux church in York. His will bears witness to his wealth. In it there is mention of various properties in the city that included the inn "Sign of the Panyers" in Walmgate as well as houses in St Saviourgate and Hungate. He also owned orchards in Aldwark and Hungate as well as land on Bootham Common. In his will he also gave eighty pounds and a silver bowl to the city, as well as forty pounds to the Merchants Company.
# Timaru District Council

Timaru District Council (Māori: Te Kaunihera ā-Rohe o Te Tihi o Maru) is the territorial authority for the Timaru District of New Zealand.
The council is led by the mayor of Timaru, who is currently Nigel Bowen. There are also nine councillors.

## Composition
### Councillors

* Mayor Nigel Bowen
* Nine other councillors: Deputy Mayor Steve Wills, Allan Booth, Barbara Gilchrist, Richard Lyon, Gavin Oliver, Paddy O’Reilly, Sally Parker, Stu Piddington, Peter Burt

### Community boards

* Geraldine Community Board
* Pleasant Point Community Board
* Temuka Community Board

## History

The council was formed in 1989. It replaced Geraldine County Council (1904-1989) and Temuka County Council (1899-1989).
In 2020, the council had 242 staff, including 23 earning more than $100,000. According to the Taxpayers' Union think tank, residential rates averaged $2,160.
The council withdrew from Local Government New Zealand in September 2021 because it believed that body had not advocated sufficiently against the proposed Three Waters reform programme.
# Choo Sung-ho

Choo Sung-ho (Korean: 추성호; born 26 August 1987) is a South Korean football player, who currently played for Korea National League club Gimhae City FC as a defender. He formerly played for K-League side Busan I'Park.

## Club career

Choo joined Busan I'Park as a draft pick from Dong-A University for the 2010 K-League season. Choo scored the first goal of his professional career in his debut match for his new club, a league match against Jeonbuk Motors on 31 July 2010.

## Club career statistics

As of 8 January 2014
| Club performance | Club performance | Club performance | League | League | Cup | Cup | League Cup | League Cup | Total | Total |
| Season | Club | League | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| South Korea | South Korea | South Korea | League | League | KFA Cup | KFA Cup | League Cup | League Cup | Total | Total |
| 2010 | Busan I'Park | K-League | 4 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 1 |
| 2011 | Busan I'Park | K-League | 6 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 5 | 1 | 13 | 1 |
| 2012 | Gimhae City | Korea National League | 11 | 2 | 0 | 0 | - | - | 11 | 2 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 21 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 5 | 1 | 28 | 4 |
# Szechuan Mountain House

Szechuan Mountain House is a Chinese restaurant in New York City. It opened in Flushing, Queens in 2016; additional locations opened in Manhattan's East Village in 2017 and Los Angeles and Boston in 2023.
# Mojtaba Rashidi

Mojtaba Rashidi (Persian: مجتبی رشیدی) is an Iranian football defender who currently plays for the Omani football club Majees in the Omani premier league.
# Dalia Sofer

Dalia Sofer (Persian: دالیا سوفر, born 1972) is an Iranian-born American writer.

## Early life and education

Born in Tehran, Iran, she was raised in a Jewish family during revolutionary Iran. At age 11 she moved to New York City. Later she studied French literature at NYU with a minor in creative writing. She received an MFA from Sarah Lawrence College. Her first novel, The Septembers of Shiraz, was published in 2007. A film adaption, starring Adrien Brody and Salma Hayek in the lead roles, was released in 2015.

## Awards and recognition

Sofer is the recipient of the 2008 PEN/Robert W. Bingham Prize for The Septembers of Shiraz. She has also won a 2007 Whiting Award for fiction, and has been a resident at Yaddo.

## Books

* The Septembers of Shiraz (2007)
* Man of My Time (2020)
# Membrane theory of shells

The membrane theory of shells, or membrane theory for short, describes the mechanical properties of shells when twisting or under bending and assumes that bending moments are small enough to be negligible.
The spectacular simplification of membrane theory makes possible the examination of a wide variety of shapes and supports, in particular, tanks and shell roofs. There are heavy penalties paid for this simplification, and such inadequacies are apparent through critical inspection, remaining within the theory, of solutions. However, this theory is more than a first approximation. If a shell is shaped and supported so as to carry the load within a membrane stress system it may be a desirable solution to the design problem, i.e., thin, light and stiff.
# Chenar Sukhteh

Chenar Sukhteh or Chenar-e Sukhteh (Persian: چنارسوخته) may refer to:
* Chenar Sukhteh, Bavanat, Fars Province
* Chenar Sukhteh, Dadenjan, Firuzabad County, Fars Province
* Chenar Sukhteh, Khvajehei, Firuzabad County, Fars Province
* Chenar-e Sukhteh, Jahrom, Fars Province
* Chenar Sukhteh, Mashhad, Razavi Khorasan Province
* Chenar Sukhteh, Sarakhs, Razavi Khorasan Province
# Cohl Furey

Cohl Furey, also known as Nichol Furey, is a Canadian mathematical physicist.

## Career

Furey has a bachelor's degree in mathematics and physics from Simon Fraser University (2005), Master's degree from the University of Cambridge (2006) and a Ph.D in theoretical physics from the University of Waterloo (2015). She was a research fellow at the University of Cambridge's Trinity Hall from 2016 to 2019 and spent a few months at the African Institute for Mathematical Sciences in Cape Town. Since 2020, she has been at the Humboldt University of Berlin on a Freigeist Fellowship by the Volkswagen Foundation.
Her main interests are division algebras, Clifford algebras, and Jordan algebras, and their relation to particle physics. Her work focuses on finding an underlying mathematical structure to the Standard Model of particle physics. She is most noted for her work on octonions.
She has worked on attempting to obtain the Standard Model of particle physics from octonionic constructions. In her 2018 paper "SU(3)$_C$ × SU(2)$_L$ × U(1)$_Y$ (× U(1)$_X$) as a symmetry of division algebraic ladder operators," according to Quanta Magazine, "she consolidated several findings to construct the full Standard Model symmetry group, SU(3) × SU(2) × U(1), for a single generation of particles, with the math producing the correct array of electric charges and other attributes for an electron, neutrino, three up quarks, three down quarks and their anti-particles. The math also suggests a reason why electric charge is quantized in discrete units — essentially, because whole numbers are." In 2022 together with Mia Hughes, she linked the symmetry breaking in physics to division algebras including octonions.

## Media recognition

In 2019, Wired.com listed her in their article "10 Women in Science and Tech Who Should Be Household Names".

## Notable publications

* Furey, Nichol; Hughes, Mia J. (2022-08-10). "Division algebraic symmetry breaking". Physics Letters B. 831: 137186. arXiv:2210.10126. Bibcode:2022PhLB..83137186F. doi:10.1016/j.physletb.2022.137186. ISSN 0370-2693.
* C. Furey, "Three generations, two unbroken gauge symmetries, and one eight-dimensional algebra", Phys. Lett. B, 785 (2018) p. 84-89 (See addendum, arXiv version
* C. Furey, "SU(3)$_C$ × SU(2)$_L$ × U(1)$_Y$ (× U(1)$_X$) as a symmetry of division algebraic ladder operators", Eur. Phys. J. C, 78 5 (2018) 375
* C. Furey, "A demonstration that electroweak theory could violate parity automatically (leptonic case)", Int. J. Mod. Phys. A, (2018)
* C. Furey, "Standard model physics from an algebra?", PhD thesis, University of Waterloo, [arXiv:1611.09182]
* C. Furey, "Charge quantization from a number operator", Phys. Lett. B, 742 (2015), pp. 195–199
* C. Furey, "Generations: Three prints, in colour", JHEP 10 (2014) 046 [arXiv:1405.4601 hep-th]
* C. Furey, "Towards a unified theory of ideals", Phys. Rev. D 86 (2012) 025024, [arXiv:1002.1497 hep-th]
* Furey, DeBenedictis, "Wormhole throats in R$^m$ gravity", Class. Quantum Grav. 22 (2005) 313–322, [arXiv:gr-qc/0410088]
# Ang Nan

Batom Reachea III (Khmer: បទុមរាជាទី៣, born Ang Nan; 1654–1691) was a Cambodian vice king (uparaja) from 1682 to 1689.
Ang Nan was the grandson of vice king Outey. In 1674, with the help of the Ayutthaya Kingdom, Preah Keo II drove him out. Ang Nan fled to Thái Khang (present day Khánh Hòa Province of Vietnam), and sought help from Vietnamese Nguyễn lord. The Vietnamese army under Nguyễn Dương Lâm (阮楊林) and Nguyễn Đình Phái (阮廷派) invaded Cambodia, captured Prey Nokor (Saigon), then attacked Phnom Penh. Preah Keo II retreated into the forest and Ang Nan was crowned the vice king (uparaja) by the Vietnamese. Ang Nan occupied Prey Nokor, while king Chey Chettha IV occupied Longvek. Both of them paid tribute to Nguyễn lord every year.
However, Ang Nan wanted to overthrow Chey Chettha IV. In 1682, he recruited refugees from Ming China who had settled in Cambodia with Vietnamese immigrants, resumed fighting against Chey Chettha IV. In response, Kau Kan (Bassac, present day Sóc Trăng) and Preah Trapeang (Trà Vinh) were ceded to these Chinese adventures. In 1689, with the help of the Nguyễn lord, he made his last attempt to overthrow Chey Chettha IV. He died in Srey Santhor.
# Errogie

Errogie (Scottish Gaelic: Earagaidh) is a small linear settlement situated at the north east end of Loch Mhòr in Inverness-shire, Scottish Highlands and is in the Scottish council area of Highland.
# Tischeria ambigua

Tischeria ambigua is a moth of the family Tischeriidae. It is known from California, United States.
The larvae feed on Ceanothus oliganthus. They mine the leaves of their host plant.
# Morteza Azimaei

Morteza Azimaei Divkolaei (Persian: مرتضی عظیمایی دیوکُلایی; born 11 September 1982) is an Iranian professional futsal coach and former player.

## Honours
### Country

* AFC Futsal Championship
** Champion (1): 2005
* Asian Indoor Games
** Champion (1): 2005
* Confederations Cup
** Champion (1): 2009
* Grand Prix de Futsal
** Runner-up (1): 2009

### Club

* AFC Futsal Club Championship
** Runners-up (1): 2011 (Shahid Mansouri)
* Iranian Futsal Super League
** Champion (2): 2010–11 (Shahid Mansouri) - 2011–12 (Shahid Mansouri)

### Individual

* Top Goalscorer:
** Iranian Futsal Super League: 2008–09 (Shahrvand) (32 goals)
# Mahmoud Motlaghzadeh

Mahmoud Motlaghzadeh (Persian: محمود مطلق‌زاده; born 11 May 1994) is an Iranian football midfielder who plays for Esteghlal Khuzestan in the Persian Gulf Pro League.

## Club career
### Foolad

He started his career with Foolad from youth levels. In summer 2015 he joined to the first team by Dragan Skočić and signed a three-year contract which kept him at Foolad until 2018. He made his debut for Foolad in fixture XI of the 2015–16 Iran Pro League against Malavan as a substitute for Esmaeil Sharifat.

## Club career statistics

    As of 31 October 2015
| Club | Division | Season | League | League | Hazfi Cup | Hazfi Cup | Asia | Asia | Total | Total |
| Club | Division | Season | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Foolad | Pro League | 2015–16 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | – | – | 1 | 0 |
| Career Totals | Career Totals | Career Totals | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
# Bob Wilkinson

Robert Raymond Wilkinson (October 8, 1927 – September 12, 2016) was an American football end who played for the New York Giants. He played college football at the University of California, Los Angeles, having previously attended Loyola High School in Los Angeles, California. He died of complications of Parkinson's disease in 2016.
# Tehranjavan F.C.

Tehranjavan F.C. (Persian: باشگاه فوتبال تهرانجوان) was an Iranian football club established in 1944 by Hossein Fekri. He is one of Persepolis F.C. former managers.
# Tamara Divíšková

Tamara Divíšková (born 9 July 1934, in Brno) is a Czech ceramist and costume designer. During her career, she has collaborated with the National Theatre in Brno, among other institutions. She is the sister of the actress Nina Divíšková.
# Dictyoglomus thermophilum

Dictyoglomus is a genus of bacterium, given its own Phylum, called the Dictyoglomi. This organism is extremely thermophilic, meaning it thrives at extremely high temperatures. It is chemoorganotrophic, meaning it derives energy by metabolizing organic molecules. This organism is of interest because it elaborates an enzyme, xylanase, which digests xylan, a heteropolymer of the pentose sugar xylose. By pretreating wood pulp with this enzyme, paper manufacturers can achieve comparable levels of whiteness with much less chlorine bleach.
It has been described as Gram-negative, with a triple-layered wall.
# Parmacella festae

Parmacella festae is a species of air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Parmacellidae.

## Distribution

The distribution of this species includes:
* Northern Egypt
* Northern Libya

## Description

The animal is an evenly light ochreous cream in color. The mantle is up to 30 mm long. The whole animal is up to 55 mm long.
The shell has a thick and golden-yellow apex which is covered with minute pits regularly arranged in spiral rows (only visible under magnification when the shell is dried).
# Virastyar

Virastyar (Persian: ویراستیار, meaning "editing assistant") is a Persian add-in for Microsoft Word that performs Persian spell checking, character standardization, Pinglish transliteration, punctuation correction and calendar conversion. It can conjugate approximately 46,000 simple verb tense, and use inflection and morphological rules to recognize possible extensions of a word. It covers approximately 2,800 non-verbal inflections for nouns, adjectives, adverbs, prepositions, numerals, classifiers, and pronouns.
Virastyar is mostly coded in Microsoft Visual C# using .NET Framework and is a free software, released under the GNU General Public License.
# Bertie Gotto

Robert Porter Corry Gotto (20 January 1881 — 5 August 1960) was an Irish international rugby union player.
Born in Belfast, Gotto was a maternal grandson of Conservative member of parliament Sir James Corry, 1st Baronet. He attended Campbell College and Uppingham School. A rugby player in his youth, Gotto was a three-quarter with North of Ireland and gained an Ireland cap against the touring 1906–07 Springboks.
Gotto was twice mentioned in dispatches serving with the Royal Army Service Corps during World War I and in 1919 was made an Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in the Military Division.
A timber merchant, Gotto served as a commissioner for the Belfast Harbour Board and became deputy lieutenant for Belfast in 1947. He was further honoured in 1952 with a Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE).
Gotto was the father of Ireland Davis Cup tennis player Robert Vivian Gotto.
# Afdem (woreda)

Afdem (Somali: Afdam) is a woreda in Somali Region, Ethiopia. Located in the Sitti Zone, this woreda is bordered on the southwest by Mieso, on the north by the Afar Region and on the east by Erer, and on the south by the Oromia Region. The administrative center of this woreda is Afdem; other towns in Afdem include Ali jiir
The track of the Addis Ababa - Djibouti Railway crosses the southern part of this woreda along the lower slopes of the Amhar mountains. High peaks in Afdem include Mount Afdem (about 2000 meters).

## Demographics

Based on the 2017 Census conducted by the Central Statistical Agency of Ethiopia (CSA), this woreda has a total population of 84,395, of whom 41,618 are men and 42,777 women. While 12,505 are urban inhabitants, a further 71,890 were pastoralists.
Based on the 2007 Census conducted by the Central Statistical Agency of Ethiopia (CSA), this woreda has a total population of 65,031, of whom 33,246 are men and 31,785 women. While 9,286 or 14.28% are urban inhabitants, a further 49,776 or 76.54% are pastoralists. 98% of the population said they were Muslim, and 1.29% said they practiced Orthodox Christian. This woreda is primarily inhabited by the Issa clans of the Somali people.
The 1997 national census reported a total population for this woreda of 28,845 of whom 15,341 were men and 13,504 were women; 8,186 or 28.38% were urban inhabitants. The largest ethnic group reported in Shinile was the Somali people (94.3%).
# Salmanabad

Salmanabad (Persian: سلمان اباد) may refer to:
* Salmanabad, Ardabil
* Salmanabad, Savalan, Ardabil Province
* Salmanabad, Marvdasht, Fars Province
* Salmanabad, Anbarabad, Kerman Province
* Salmanabad, Rigan, Kerman Province
* Salmanabad, Razavi Khorasan
* Salmanabad, Fashapuyeh, a village in Fashapuyeh District, Rey County, Tehran Province
* Salmanabad, Kahrizak, a village in Kahrizak District, Rey County, Tehran Province
* Salmanabad, Varamin, a village in Varamin County, Tehran Province
* Salmanabad, West Azerbaijan