OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Candelaria River

The Candelaria River is a river of Central America that flows from Guatemala to Laguna de Términos, Mexico, It has a length of about 400 kilometres (250 mi) and drains a basin of 9,228 km$^2$ (3,563 sq mi).
# Cristian Sîrghi

Cristian Sîrghi (born 23 November 1986) is a Romanian former professional footballer who played as a centre back, currently sporting director at Liga I club Oțelul Galați.

## Honours
### Oțelul Galați

* Liga I: 2010–11
* Supercupa României: 2011
* Liga III: 2020–21, 2021–22
# Rafi Ahmed Mir

Rafi Ahmad Mir is an Indian politician from Jammu and Kashmir. He was previously the General Secretary of Jammu and Kashmir People's Democratic Party and held administrative position in Mehbooba Mufti's government as the Vice Chairman of Jammu and Kashmir Tourism Development Corporation with a ministerial status. He was one of close aides of Mufti with a popular public base in South Kashmir. Now associated with the newly formed Jammu and Kashmir Apni Party. Mir has been the key person behind Party's formation along with its founder President Syed Mohammad Altaf Bukhari.

## Political career

After graduating from college, Mir mobilised the local youth and formed a leading environment protection organisation, Green Pahalgam. Later he was also nominated as the Chairman of the Municipal Council of Pahalgam by the government of Jammu and Kashmir in 1984 having a ministerial status. He worked extensively on preserving the environment and generation employment opportunities for the locals. His work as the Chairman was acknowledged by then Chief Minister Farooq Abdullah and subsequently, Rafi was handpicked by then Chief Minister Dr Farooq Abdullah as the youngest to contest from Assembly segment, Pahalgam.
In 1987 he emerged as the youngest legislator of the state winning from Pahalgam. Rafi Ahmad Mir was the only mainstream politician to stay back in the valley during peak militancy. His political activities are recognized across all sections of society. He strongly advocated the dignified return of Kashmiri Pandits, inclusion of youth into mainstream politics, and their engagement in sports and self-reliant activities. Mir who was earlier associated with the National Conference served as NC's key person and only Provincial Secretary from famed South Kashmir and a spokesperson till 2007. Rafi escaped a bid on life after being attacked by militants a number of times in the years 1999, 2002, and 2006.
In 2002, he fought elections against Mehbooba Mufti but got defeated by a very narrow margin. Later, when Mehbooba contested Parliament election, in 2004, by-poll, Rafi contested against Mufti Muhammad Sayeed, the then Chief Minister, who won by a margin of 2500 votes only. Rafi was known to give a tough fight to the father-daughter duo. Later, he developed differences with the leadership of Jammu and Kashmir National Conference and felt the party's response toward his workers was suffocating him, and later joined PDP in 2007. After joining the People's Democratic Party, Mir was nominated as MLC and got elected as MLA in 2008 Assembly elections, defeating his National Conference opponent by a huge margin.
In March 2020, Mir was one of the 31 founding members of the new Jammu and Kashmir Apni Party. His political philosophy is providing youth with a viable political alternative and voicing their concerns. Mir has been vocal on public issues and mostly related to development of youth and empowering grassroots. He has been a strongly votary of friendly Indo-Pak relations.
# Montepuez

Montepuez is the second largest city in the province of Cabo Delgado in Mozambique, after the provincial capital of Pemba.
It is the seat of Montepuez District.

## Economy

Since 2011, Montepuez has been one of the world's largest producers of rubies. Discovered in 2009, the ruby deposits here are thought to potentially comprise 40% of the world's ruby supply.

## Demographics

| Year | Population |
| 1997 | 58,594 |
| 2007 | 76,004 |
| 2015 | 230,013 |

## Climate

Climate data for Montepuez :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 30 (86) | 31 (87) | 31 (87) | 30 (86) | 29 (85) | 28 (82) | 27 (81) | 29 (84) | 31 (87) | 33 (91) | 34 (93) | 32 (90) | 31 (87) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 21 (69) | 21 (69) | 20 (68) | 19 (67) | 17 (63) | 16 (60) | 15 (59) | 15 (59) | 17 (62) | 18 (64) | 19 (67) | 21 (69) | 18 (65) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 250 (9.7) | 220 (8.5) | 200 (7.9) | 64 (2.5) | 10 (0.4) | 2.5 (0.1) | 2.5 (0.1) | 2.5 (0.1) | 0 (0) | 7.6 (0.3) | 41 (1.6) | 150 (6) | 940 (37.1) |
| Source: Weatherbase ||||||||||||||
# Time-of-flight diffraction ultrasonics

Time-of-flight diffraction (TOFD) method of ultrasonic testing is a sensitive and accurate method for the nondestructive testing of welds for defects. TOFD originated from tip diffraction techniques which were first published by Silk and Liddington in 1975 which paved the way for TOFD. Later works on this technique are given in a number of sources which include Harumi et al. (1989), Avioli et al. (1991), and Bray and Stanley (1997).
Bray and Stanley (1997) summarized TOFD as tip-diffraction techniques which utilized the principle that the tips of a crack when struck by a wave will diffract the signals back to the other location on the surface. The depth of these tips can be determined from the diffracted energy.
TOFD was invented in the UK in the 1970s initially as a research tool. The use of TOFD enabled crack sizes to be measured more accurately, so that expensive components could be kept in operation as long as possible with minimal risk of failure.

## Principle of operation

Measuring the amplitude of reflected signal is a relatively unreliable method of sizing defects because the amplitude strongly depends on the orientation of the crack. Instead of amplitude, TOFD uses the time of flight of an ultrasonic pulse to determine the position and size of a reflector.
In a TOFD system, a pair of ultrasonic probes sits on opposite sides of a weld. One of the probes, the transmitter, emits an ultrasonic pulse that is picked up by the probe on the other side, the receiver. In undamaged pipes, the signals picked up by the receiver probe are from two waves: one that travels along the surface and one that reflects off the far wall. When a crack is present, there is a diffraction of the ultrasonic wave from the tip(s) of the crack. Using the measured time of flight of the pulse, the depth of a crack tips can be calculated automatically by simple trigonometry.

## Applications

Phased Array + TOFD combination is commonly used to inspect pipeline welds.

## Reliability

One of the limitations of TOFD is the "dead zone' created by the lateral wave signal just below the inspection surface (or OD surface in case of the pipe). The dead zone is approximately 5 mm and there is no flaw detection in this zone. Calibration blocks with side drilled holes as shown in Reference and ISO 10863 used to validate the "dead zone" and sizing accuracy.

## Features

* A computerised and automated system for weld inspection.
* Probes are mounted on a buggy that travels along a weld, recording data as it moves.
* Compared to conventional methods of ultrasonic testing, TOFD is sensitive to cracks and measures their dimensions accurately.
* TOFD has a dead zone where it is not sensitive to defects, hence TOFD ought always to be supplemented by a conventional pulse-echo examination or phased array. The pulse echo probes are commonly mounted on the same buggy as the TOFD probes.
* Requires ultrasound technicians with advanced training.
# Lionel Salter

Lionel Salter (8 September 1914 – 1 March 2000) was an English pianist, conductor, writer and administrator who had a long association with the British Broadcasting Corporation.

## Eductation and early career

Born in London, Salter was a distant descendant of Salomon Sulzer, the composer cantor, a contemporary of Beethoven and Schubert. He showed promise as a pianist from an early age, making his first professional appearance aged 12 and his first recording aged 14. He studied music and modern languages at St John's College, Cambridge from 1932 to 1936 under Edward Dent and harpsichord with Boris Ord, and then at the Royal College of Music, where he studied conducting with Constant Lambert and Malcolm Sargent and piano with Arthur Benjamin and the Bach specialist James Ching.
After a brief period working at Denham Studios (London Films) with Muir Mathieson (where he edited Arthur Bliss's score for Things to Come) he joined the BBC in 1936.

## Wartime

During the war Salter was involved in both educational and intelligence roles, and when his duties took him to Algiers he stepped in as chief guest conductor of the Radio France Symphony Orchestra, which was based there in 1943-44. The following year he returned to the BBC, becoming assistant conductor of the BBC Theatre Orchestra.

## BBC and other activities

In 1948 he became music supervisor of the BBC European Service and also took on special responsibility for the Third Programme (later BBC Radio 3). By 1956 he was head of music production for BBC Television, where he furthered the broadcast of concerts, ballet and opera. He is credited with establishing many of the techniques still used in music programmes today.
Salter was also a regular recitalist (harpsichord and piano) and a writer and editor for many publications, including (from 1948) frequent contributions to Gramophone and as editor of the BBC Music Guides until 1975. He composed, arranged and conducted for radio, television and films (for instance The Divorce of Lady X (1938), adjudicated at festivals, lectured and broadcast, and made over 100 opera translations. He was the author of Going to a Concert (1950), Going to the Opera (1955) and The Musician and his World (1963), all of them best sellers. A visit to interview Pablo Casals in Prades was the initial impetus in 1954 for a 26 part radio series, The Heritage of Spain, prepared with Roberto Gerhard.
His final role at the BBC (1967-1974) was as Assistant Music Controller under William Glock (and from 1972 Robert Ponsonby).

## Personal life

Lionel Salter married Christine Fraser in 1939. There were three sons, including Graham Salter, a professional oboist. He retired in 1974. His wife died in 1998, and Salter died two years later of cancer, in Camden Town, London at the age of 85.
# 1903–04 St Helens RLFC season

The 1903–04 St Helens R.F.C. season was the club's ninth in the Northern Rugby Football Union, the 30th in the club's history. After the previous year's relegation from the first division, St Helens were able to earn promotion at the first attempt, finishing second behind Wakefield Trinity in Division 2. St Helens also competed in the end-of-season South West Lancashire mini-league, in which they finished third. In the Challenge Cup, St Helens were beaten in the second round by Halifax.

## NRFU Division 2

| | Team | Pld | W | D | L | PF | PA | Pts |
| 1 | Wakefield Trinity | 32 | 27 | 1 | 4 | 389 | 57 | 55 |
| 2 | St. Helens | 32 | 23 | 3 | 6 | 328 | 105 | 49 |
| 3 | Holbeck | 32 | 24 | 1 | 7 | 256 | 120 | 49 |
| 4 | Rochdale Hornets | 32 | 22 | 2 | 8 | 319 | 104 | 46 |
| 5 | York | 32 | 20 | 1 | 11 | 244 | 97 | 41 |
| 6 | Brighouse Rovers | 32 | 19 | 3 | 10 | 192 | 136 | 41 |
| 7 | Castleford | 32 | 18 | 3 | 11 | 185 | 194 | 39 |
| 8 | Bramley | 32 | 16 | 4 | 12 | 181 | 180 | 36 |
| 9 | Barrow | 32 | 16 | 3 | 13 | 219 | 162 | 35 |
| 10 | Pontefract | 32 | 14 | 6 | 12 | 174 | 150 | 34 |
| 11 | Dewsbury | 32 | 12 | 3 | 17 | 185 | 205 | 27 |
| 12 | Millom | 32 | 12 | 2 | 18 | 185 | 209 | 26 |
| 13 | Lancaster | 32 | 8 | 2 | 22 | 129 | 291 | 18 |
| 14 | Birkenhead | 32 | 7 | 0 | 25 | 75 | 334 | 14 |
| 15 | South Shields | 32 | 6 | 1 | 25 | 140 | 336 | 13 |
| 16 | Morecambe | 32 | 5 | 3 | 24 | 72 | 287 | 13 |
| 17 | Normanton | 32 | 4 | 0 | 28 | 105 | 411 | 8 |
# Phi Persei

Phi Persei (Phi Per, φ Persei, φ Per) is a class B2Vep fourth-magnitude star in the constellation Perseus, location about 720 light-years from Earth.

## System

Phi Persei is spectroscopic binary consisting of a blue main sequence primary of class B2 and a hot subdwarf secondary. The two stars have an orbit of 217 days and are separated by about 200 R$_☉$. Phi Persei is a runaway star and extrapolating its space velocity backwards by the modelled age of the system (57 million years) places it within the Alpha Persei cluster.
The primary star rotates rapidly with a projected equatorial velocity of 440 km/s. Due to its rapid rotation, the primary star has a polar radius about 5.5 R$_☉$ and an equatorial radius of about 8.0 R$_☉$. With an effective temperature of nearly 30,000 K, it has a bolometric luminosity nearly 15,000 times higher than the Sun. The rapidly-spinning star is surrounded by a circumstellar disk. The binary orbit, the spin of the primary star, and the disk are all seen nearly edge-on. There are no eclipses, but models of the system show that the disk significantly obscures the primary star. The primary formed as a 3.8 M$_☉$ star and has accreted material from its companion.
The secondary star is also a class O subdwarf, hotter than the primary but smaller and less massive. It is proposed that it is the core of a 7 M$_☉$ star, with the outer layers stripped as it expanded away from the main sequence. Its luminosity is higher than expected for a normal 1.2 M$_☉$ helium star, which suggests it may have evolved to helium shell burning. Although the subdwarf has a bolometric luminosity about half that of the primary, it emits most of its radiation as ultraviolet, being only about 3% as bright as the primary at visible wavelengths.

## Variability

Phi Persei is a variable star with both rapid and longterm variations in its brightness and spectrum. Variations occur on a daily timescale which may be related to the rotation of the primary star. Any variations originating with the secondary are difficult to detect due to its comparative faintness. Slower variations, including deep fades, are also seen. Some of the variations may correspond to the orbital period, possibly eclipses of gas streams or hot spots, but the occasional deep fades do not match any particular orbital phase. The variations are classified as γ Cassiopeiae-type, shell stars with eruptions and irregular fading.

## Naming

Flamsteed followed Ptolemy in treating φ Persei as being in Andromeda and gave it the designation 54 Andromedae. It is isolated from the main stars of Perseus, but lies within its formal borders.
In Chinese, 天大將軍 (Tiān Dà Jiāng Jūn), meaning Heaven's Great General, refers to an asterism consisting of φ Persei, γ Andromedae, 51 Andromedae, 49 Andromedae, χ Andromedae, υ Andromedae, τ Andromedae, 56 Andromedae, β Trianguli, γ Trianguli and δ Trianguli. Consequently, the Chinese name for φ Persei itself is 天大將軍二 (Tiān Dà Jiāng Jūn èr, English: the Second Star of Heaven's Great General.).
# Li Ning (engineer)

Li Ning (Chinese: 李宁; born July 1958) is a Chinese engineer specializing in hydrocarbon exploration. He is an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering (CAE) and serves as deputy director of the Institute of Well-Logging and Remote Sensing, Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development (RIPED).

## Biography

Li was born in Huan County, Gansu in July 1958. He secondary studied at Huan County No.1 High School. After the resumption of National College Entrance Examination, he enrolled at Huadong Petroleum Institute (now China University of Petroleum). He obtained a doctor's degree in geophysical logging under the supervision of Wen Wenbo [zh] and Tan Tingdong (谭廷栋). From January 1989 to January 1991 he was a postdoctoral fellow at the Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (IGGCAS). After graduation, he joined the Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development (RIPED). In 2017, he became a visiting professor at the China University of Petroleum. On December 6, 2019, he was haired as a distinguished professor at Anhui University of Science and Technology.

## Honours and awards

* 1992 China Youth Science and Technology Award
* November 22, 2019 Member of the Chinese Academy of Engineering (CAE)
# Cristinel Gafița

Cristinel Gafiţa (born 14 June 1987) is a Romanian former footballer. He played for the first team of Ceahlăul Piatra Neamţ for the first time in 2006.
# John Woinarski

John Casimir Zichy Woinarski is an Australian ornithologist, mammalogist, and herpetologist. He was awarded the 2001 Eureka Prize for Biodiversity Research. In the same year he was the recipient of the D. L. Serventy Medal, awarded by the Royal Australasian Ornithologists Union for outstanding published work on birds in the Australasian region.
Dr. Woinarski is currently Professor in the Research Institute for the Environment and Livelihoods, a part-time position at Charles Darwin University, in Darwin, Northern Territory. Much of his work has been focused on the conservation of threatened species and he has extensively published work on the responses of biodiversity to fire. He is a co-author of The Action Plan for Australian Mammals 2012.
In February 2019, speaking about the confirmed extinction of the Bramble Cay melomys, considered the only mammal endemic to the Great Barrier Reef and the first documented extinction of a mammal species due to climate change, he said that its loss was foreseeable and preventable. It had been known for years that its position was precarious, and he believed that its loss is at least partly due to under-funding for conservation programs and the fact that it was not an animal charismatic enough to garner much public attention.
After the 2019–20 Australian bushfire season Dr. Woinarski became a member of the Australian Commonwealth’s Wildlife and threatened species bushfire recovery Expert Panel.
In May 2020 the Federal Court of Australia accepted Dr. Woinarski's contributed expert opinion for the protection of some important forests in South Eastern Australia, being the threatened natural habitat of Australia's iconic Greater Glider and the Leadbeater’s Possum.
# Antonio Bisigato

Antonio Bisigato (July 27, 1911 – March 16, 1965) was an Italian professional football player and coach.

## Honours

* Serie A champion: 1937/38.
* This biographical article related to association football in Italy, about a forward born in the 1910s, is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Aliabad-e Zarein

Aliabad-e Zarein (Persian: علی‌آباد زارعین) is a village in, and the capital of, Qaleh Zari Rural District of Jolgeh-ye Mazhan District, Khusf County, South Khorasan province, Iran.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the village's population was 260 in 73 households, when it was in the former Khusf District of Birjand County. The following census in 2011 counted 207 people in 59 households. The 2016 census measured the population of the village as 225 people in 76 households, by which time the district had been separated from the county in the establishment of Khusf County. The rural district was transferred to the new Jolgeh-ye Mazhan District.
# Yirrkala macrodon

Yirrkala macrodon is an eel in the family Ophichthidae (worm/snake eels). It was described by Pieter Bleeker in 1863, originally under the genus Sphagebranchus. It is a marine, tropical eel which is known from Borneo, in the western central Pacific Ocean.
# Cocos Islands District High School

Cocos Islands District High School (Malay: Sekolah Tinggi Daerah Pulu Cocos) is the school of the Cocos (Keeling) Islands, Australia. The West Island campus serves grades K–10 with separate primary and secondary wings while the Home Island campus serves grades K–6.
The school motto is "Kerjasama dan Kejayaan", which means "Cooperation and Success" in Cocos Malay.

## Demographics

As of 2019 about 80% of the pupils speak English as a second language. Most of the Home Island students are Cocos Malays; this differs in West Island since the majority of persons living there originated from the Australian continent.
As of 2019 most staff reside on West Island, and those who teach on Home Island travel between the islands on a daily basis. The majority of staff live in residences owned and maintained by the Australian national government.
# Călin Târnăvean

Călin Târnăvean (born 3 January 1984) is a Romanian former footballer.
# Hüsamettin Tut

Hüsamettin Tut (born 1 January 1991) is a Turkish footballer who plays for TFF Third League club 52 Orduspor. He made his Süper Lig debut on 31 August 2012.
# Selman Stërmasi Stadium

The Selman Stërmasi Stadium (Albanian: Stadiumi Selman Stërmasi) is a multi-purpose stadium in Tirana, Albania. It is currently used mostly for football matches and is the home ground of KF Tirana. The stadium holds 9,500 people (all seated). It is named after Selman Stërmasi, one of KF Tirana's best players of all time. The stadium was also used by Dinamo and Partizani until 2010, however, due to failure to cooperate on the admittance fees, these teams were not allowed to use the stadium any further.

## History

The stadium is located approximately 400 m from the west side of the Lana stream and of former exhibition site "Shqiperia Sot" (now Top-Channel Television headquarters). It was built in 1956 and named Dinamo Stadium until 1991 when it was given its new name. The Football Association of Albania and KF Tirana decided posthumously name the stadium after the eminent KF Tirana player, coach and president, Selman Stërmasi. The stadium has recently ended a long phase of construction, which involved development of the main pitch, central seated area, facilities around the ground and general lineaments. There are still improvements expected to be made, such as side seated areas, an electronic clock and a KF Tirana shopping centre just under the central seated stand. The internal facilities include a press conference room. The main parking area is located at the front of the stadium which leads to the entrance.

## Renovation

In December 2014, work started yet again on Selman Stërmasi Stadium and the Skënder Halili Complex in order to fully renovate these grounds to be used by KF Tirana. The stadium's exterior, interior and playing surface was renovated and 8,150 seats were replaced as part of the renovations taking place.
# Misol snake eel

The Misol snake eel (Yirrkala misolensis) is an eel in the family Ophichthidae (worm/snake eels). It was described by Albert Günther in 1872, originally under the genus Ophichthys. It is a marine, tropical eel which is known from the western central Pacific Ocean.