OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Idris Khaybulaev

Idris Bulatovich Khaybulaev (Russian: Идрис Булатович Хайбулаев; 15 March 1915 – 19 October 1984) was a Crimean Tatar officer in the Red Army who rose from platoon commander to regiment commander during World War II. Despite being nominated for the title Hero of the Soviet Union in 1942, he was only awarded an Order of the Red Banner.

## Early life

Khaybulaev was born on 15 March 1915 to a Crimean Tatar family in Crimea. Having grown up in an orphanage since 1921, he enlisted in the military when he was only 17, and after graduating from initial training when he was 19, he went on to attend officer training school in Alma-Ata, Kazak SSR.

## World War II

In early December 1941 Khaybulaev was deployed to the warfront of World War II as part of the 39th Separate Rifle Brigade, where he fought in Battle of Moscow, initially commanding a platoon of machine gunners within the 1st Separate Rifle Battalion. During the battle his platoon saw huge victories, taking 217 German soldiers and officers prisoner in addition to their equipment. Despite sustaining wounds to his legs in the battle, he quickly returned to the front and was appointed commander of the 1337th Mountain Rifle Regiment. For the feat in the battle of Moscow he was nominated for the title Hero of the Soviet Union on 16 March 1942, which was supported by both the commissar and his commanding officer, but general Vladimir Kurasov downgraded the nomination to an Order of the Red Banner. He subsequently led his regiment through the battles for various cities in Ukraine including Kiev, Zhitomir, Rovno, Slavuta, Kamianets-Podilskyi, and Chernivtsi in addition to Poland before ending the war in Czechoslovakia, where he was wounded in combat again.

## Postwar

After the end of the war he lived in Kuvasay, Uzbek SSR, unable to return to Crimea as a Crimean Tatar. In 1971 he and his family moved to Akhipo-Osipovka in Krasnodar to get closer to his homeland, but he died there in 1984 before receiving right of return to Crimea.

## Awards

* Three Order of the Red Banner (22 July 1942, 22 September 1942, 15 June 1945)
* Order of the Patriotic War 1st class (6 February 1945)
* Medal "For Battle Merit" (30 April 1945)
* campaign and jubilee medals
# Yadid Rubin

Yadid Rubin (August 24, 1938, Hadera - January 3, 2012) was an Israeli painter.

## Biography

Yadid Rubin was born in Kibbutz Givat Haim in 1938. Following the split in the kibbutz, his family joined Kibbutz Givat Haim Ihud. In the late 1950s he traveled with his family to Austria, where he studied for several months at the Academy of Fine Arts Vienna. After returning to Israel, he enlisted in the IDF and served as a paratrooper. After his military service, he studied at the Avni Institute, and in 1967, following a scholarship, he went to study at the Royal College of Art in London.
Robin has exhibited in many places in Israel and abroad. In the period before his death he worked in collaboration with Chelouche Gallery in Tel Aviv and Gallery in Los Angeles. Robin gained significant recognition only after his death.

## Artistic Style

Rubin is considered by many to be "the last painter of the Land of Israel." As one who studied under teachers such as Avigdor Stematsky and other great lyrical abstract, Robin “rebelled” in this tradition of painting while building his own personal language.
Unlike his teachers who painted in diluted and broken colors, Robin developed a more direct style that relied on highly saturated color strokes, inspired by expressive painters such as Van Gogh.
His early works, from the period after his return from London, were influenced by the abstract and geometric "Hard Edge" style. In the 70s of the 20th century he experimented with different styles. Among other things, he dealt with sculpture and conceptual art. In the 1980s, landscape painting became the central theme of his paintings. His works were characterized by intense color, expressive brushstrokes and a tendency to graphic style of the images.
His paintings are disguised as very naive, with archetypal images of a tree, house and tractor painted in a naive and even schematic way, but a window into a very complex painting that relies on unique color relationships and an innovative and courageous color scheme. Under the guise of naivety, a friend "infiltrates" into the depths of life and emotion, relying solely on the simplest images that surround him in the kibbutz where he lived.

## Exhibitions
### Solo

* 2010 Plowed Color. Tel Aviv Museum of Art
* 2022 Yadid Rubin. Cheloche Gallery for Contemporary Art. Tel Aviv

## Collections

Yadid Rubin works are kept in public collections in Israel and around the world, including The Israel Museum in Jerusalem.
# Internet Neutral Exchange

Internet Neutral Exchange (INEX) is an Internet exchange located in Ireland, operating three VLANs at points of presence in Dublin at Equinix DB1 - Citywest, BT - Citywest, Equinix DB2 (Formerly Data Electronics) - Kilcarbery Park, Interxion DUB1 and DUB2 - Park West and Equinix DB3 - Northwest Business Park, Ballycoolin and a separate exchange, INEX Cork, at CIX in Cork.
The system provides a modern layer 2 ethernet switching network supporting IPv4 and IPv6 peerings on three VLANs, with supported access speeds of 1 Gbit/s, 10 Gbit/s and 100 Gbit/s. The membership of INEX includes most of the large/medium Internet service providers (ISPs) based in Ireland, a growing number of digital content providers, the Irish Government network, VoIP providers and mobile operators. There is an associate membership category for non-trafficking organisations that have an interest in networking within the Irish IP community.
Internet Neutral Exchange Association Company Limited by Guarantee is incorporated as a company limited by guarantee and is registered at the Companies Registration Office in Dublin, No. 253804. Each of its members is entitled to vote at general meetings. INEX maintains an executive board of 7 people, elected from its member representatives, and all board members must resign after two consecutive years service. Board members may be re-elected.

## History

Planning for INEX started in 1996 and it became operational in April 1997 with the backing of its four founding members; EUnet Ireland, HEAnet, Indigo and Telecom Internet with the objective of locally exchanging IP traffic between Irish-based ISPs, rather than using an external exchange or transit providers. As of October 2018, the Association had 103 full, 5 pro-bono, and 23 associate members.
In late 2019, a number of directors resigned over disagreements on the company's governance. A subsequent letter to members announced an outside consultant would be appointed to “undertake a root and branch review of Inex and its corporate structure”.
# Mir Bandeh Ali Khan Talpur

Mir Bandeh Ali Khan Talpur (Urdu: میر بندہ علی خان تالپور) was a politician from Sindh, Pakistan.
Mir Bandeh Ali Khan Talpur was member of first provincial assembly of sindh and Chief Minister of Sindh from 14 April 1940 to 7 March 1941.
# John Purkis

John Purkis (1781 – 10 April 1849), was an English organist and teacher. He was blind at birth. A child prodigy, Purkis studied with Thomas Grenville (circa 1744–1827), also blind, and the organist at the Foundling Hospital in London. He became organist at St Margaret's Chapel at the age of nine, and then, aged 12, at St Olave Southwark, after a public competition and three day poll. His salary there was £30.
From 1804 until his death Purkis was organist at St Clement Danes, and also (after 1825) at St Peter's Walworth. He was consultant to the organ building firm Flight and Robinson during the construction of the Apollonicon a self-playing barrel organ, presented to the public for the first time in 1817. Over the next 21 years he performed popular Saturday afternoon recitals on the instrument at the firm's showroom, 101, St Martin's Lane. At the recitals Purkis often played fantasias on opera themes that were later published as piano pieces by William Hodsoll, and these became very popular with home pianists in the 1820s. Rachel Cowgill has called the Apollonicon recitals "virtually synonymous with the establishment of the public organ recital in England....the first to be held in a secular venue and run on a purely commercial basis".
Purkis was also a skilled violinist and harpist. With woodwind instrument maker Thomas Scott he formed the Scott & Purkis partnership to manufacture a double flageolet, taking out a patent in December 1805 for "an instrument on the flageolette principle, so constructed as a single instrument that two parts of a musical composition can be played thereon at the same time by one person". A tutorial book by Purkis was published. But rival William Bainbridge, inventor of the six finger-hole "improved English flageolet" in 1803, produced a more popular double flageolet, for which he was granted a patent in 1810.
In 1811 Purkis went through a series of operations, performed by Sir William Adams of Exeter, that gained him some limited sight. His pupils included the organist and music historian William Smith Rockstro. He died, aged 68, in April 1849.
# Robert Fowler (surgeon, soldier)

Robert Fowler (5 March 1888 – 8 May 1965) was an Australian surgeon and soldier.

## Family

The son, and eldest of the four children of the surgeon Walter Fowler (1857-1917), and Alice Maud Fowler (1862-1946), née Wacher, Robert Fowler was born at East Smithfield, London, England on 5 March 1888.
He married Elsie Walsh (1891-1975), in Egypt, on 12 January 1915.

## Education

Having won a scholarship to do so, he attended Caulfield Grammar School for three years: 1900–1902.

## Military service

He served in World War I with the Australian Mounted Division, obtaining the rank of Colonel.

## Medical practitioner

In civilian life he practiced at The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne; represented the Victoria Branch of the British Medical Association; was an advocate of the 'Airway Ambulance' (forerunner to the Royal Flying Doctor Service of Australia); served on the staff of the Governor-General Sir Isaac Isaacs; researched the use of the Radium Ray for cancer treatment; and pioneered the linkage between smoking and lung cancer.

## Death

He died, in Toorak, Melbourne, on 8 May 1965.
# Nettenchelys dionisi

Nettenchelys dionisi is an eel in the family Nettastomatidae (duckbill/witch eels). It was described by Alberto Brito in 1989. It is a marine, deep water-dwelling eel which is known from the Canary Islands, in the eastern central Atlantic Ocean. It dwells at a depth range of 350 to 400 metres (1,150 to 1,310 ft), and leads a benthic lifestyle. Males can reach a maximum total length of 62 centimetres (24 in).
The species epithet, "dionisi" refers to Gustavo Perez-Dionis, and was given as a tribute for his contributions to the study of marine life in the Canary Islands.
# Chinese spoon

The Chinese spoon or Chinese soup spoon is a type of spoon with a short, thick handle extending directly from a deep, flat bowl. It is a regular utensil in Chinese cuisine used for liquids, especially soups, or loose solid food. Most are made from ceramics. Although normally used as an eating utensil, larger versions of the Chinese spoon are also used as serving spoons or ladles. The shape allows spoons of the same size and design to be stacked on top of one another for storage.
Spoons were used as early as the Shang dynasty of the 2nd millennium B.C., both as a cooking tool and in eating, and were more common than chopsticks until perhaps the 10th century A.D.
Chinese spoons typically have higher sides and can hold more than the western soup spoon. These spoons are used throughout Asia.

## History

The spoon (匕, bǐ) was known as early as the Shang dynasty. The earliest found were made of bone, but bronze specimens are also found that have sharp points, suggesting they were used for cutting. These could be more than a foot long. During the Spring and Autumn period a rounder form appeared, and lacquer spoons are also found, becoming popular in the Han dynasty.
In ancient China the spoon was more common than chopsticks, which were used in cooking. The spoon was more useful for eating because the most common food grain in North China was millet, which was made into a congee, or gruel. The spoon was better fitted for eating its soupy texture in an elegant way.
The spoon was gradually undermined as the most common eating utensil starting in the Han, roughly the 1st century A.D., when wheat began to be more widely grown. Milling technology became sophisticated enough to produce flour for noodles and dumplings. Since these were more easily lifted with chopsticks, the spoon lost its prominence by about the Song dynasty, or 10th century. Early-ripening rice, which was introduced from Vietnam at this time, was even easier to eat with chopsticks, since it cooked into clumps.
The first compasses were created in China in the Han or soon after the Han by using a spoon shaped lodestone which rotated on a bronze plate (see image below).
In the system of classification used in the Kangxi Dictionary, compiled in the 18th century, Radical 21 (classifier #21) is "spoon."

## Spoons in history

* Han dynasty spoon compass
* Song dynasty silver chopsticks, cup, and spoon

## Modern spoons

* Stainless steel spoons
* Porcelain spoons
* Spoon on a spoon rest
# Chui Sai Cheong

Chui Sai Cheong (Chinese: 崔世昌; born 19 February 1954 in Macau) is a member and the First Secretary of the Legislative Assembly of Macau. He is the older brother of Fernando Chui the former Chief Executive of Macau and cousin of José Chui also a member of the Legislative Assembly.

## Election results

| Year | Candidate | Hare quota | Mandate | List Votes | List Pct |
| 1999 | Chui Sai Cheong (OMCY) | uncontested | FC - Professional | uncontested | ∅ |
| 2001 | Chui Sai Cheong (OMCY) | uncontested | FC - Professional | uncontested | ∅ |
| 2005 | Chui Sai Cheong (OMCY) | walkover | FC - Professional | walkover | ∅ |
| 2009 | Chui Sai Cheong (OMCY) | walkover | FC - Professional | walkover | ∅ |
| 2017 | Chui Sai Cheong (OMCY) | 170.5 | FC - Professional | 341 | 62.45% |
# Miran fort

Miran fort aka "Ruins of Milan" (米兰古城遗址) is a ruined defensive structure in Miran, Xinjiang, China. The fort was active during the Tibetan Empire, in the 8th and 9th centuries AD. It is similar in structure to the fort at Mazar Tagh, which was also used by the Tibetan army in the same period. Like the Mazar Tagh site, the excavation of the fort at Miran has yielded hundreds of military documents from the 8th and 9th century, which are among the earliest surviving Tibetan manuscripts, and vital sources for understanding the early history of Tibet.

## Excavations by Marc Aurel Stein

Aurel Stein was the first archaeologist to study the ruins at Miran systematically. The fort was first visited briefly by Stein on December 8, 1906, during his second expedition. A trial excavation of the fort (site number M.I.) uncovered eight rooms and over a hundred Tibetan woodslips. Stein returned on January 22, 1907, and carried out a thorough excavation of the fort, uncovering 44 rooms (site numbers M.I.i - M.I.xliv) discovering many more Tibetan woodslips, as well as other miscellaneous objects. In 1914, when Stein visited during his third expedition, he concentrated on the other sites at Miran. In the fort Stein found Tibetan documents on wood and paper, fragments with a Turkish runic script, palm-leaf documents inscribed with Brahmi characters and Kharosthi texts on silk. The majority of the manuscript finds from Miran are official Tibetan documents and military information from the fort, written in early Tibetan script on wood or paper, dating from the eighth and ninth centuries. These are some of the earliest examples of the Tibetan script. Manuscripts kept at the British Library include 1,101 wooden documents in the IOL Tib N sequence and 295 paper documents in the Or.150000 sequence. Several artefacts from the fort are now held at the British Museum, in the pressmarks between MAS.590 and MAS.626.

## Excavations by Chinese expeditions

In 1957-58 Professor Huang Wenbi led a team from the Institute of Archaeology, CASS, spending six days at Miran, and a report was published in 1983 describing the fort and two stupa/temple sites, and a number of finds. In 1959 a team from Xinjiang Museum spent ten days in Miran examining the fort, temple site and dwelling areas. A report of their considerable findings was published in 1960. In 1973 another team from the Xinjiang Museum visited the site an investigated the fort, temples and irrigation system. The excavations and the artefacts found in these sites were discussed in an expedition report by Mu Shunying in 1983. The most extensive investigation of the site so far was carried out in 1978-80 by Huang Xiaojing and Zhang Ping of the Xinjiang Museum. Their 1985 report discusses the fort, 8 stupas, 3 temple sites, 2 beacons, dwellings, tombs, a kiln area and a smelting site.
# Trångsund Fortress

Trångsund Fortress (Russian: Крепость Тронгзунд, Finnish: Uuraan linnoitus) is a naval fort by the Vyborg Bay in the town of Vysotsk, Leningrad Oblast, Russia. It was established by Peter the Great in 1710 to secure the town of Vyborg which was captured from Sweden during the Great Northern War.
The fort is located about 12 kilometres south of Vyborg in the islands of Vysotsky and Maly Vysotsky. Trångsund Fortress received its present form after the Crimean War in the 1860s. The structures dating back to the early 18th Century are no longer visible. In the early 1900s, the fort was intended to be a part of the Peter the Great's Naval Fortress but it was disarmed by the World War I. During the 1918 Finnish Civil War the Trångsund Fortress was occupied by the local Women's Red Guard.
# Barranquitas barrio-pueblo

Barranquitas barrio-pueblo is a barrio and the administrative center (seat) of Barranquitas, a municipality of Puerto Rico. Its population in 2010 was 2,695.
As was customary in Spain, in Puerto Rico, the municipality has a barrio called pueblo which contains a central plaza, the municipal buildings (city hall), and a Catholic church. Fiestas patronales (patron saint festivals) are held in the central plaza every year.

## The central plaza and its church

The central plaza, or square, is a place for official and unofficial recreational events and a place where people can gather and socialize from dusk to dawn. The Laws of the Indies, Spanish law, which regulated life in Puerto Rico in the early 19th century, stated the plaza's purpose was for "the parties" (celebrations, festivities) (Spanish: a propósito para las fiestas), and that the square should be proportionally large enough for the number of neighbors (Spanish: grandeza proporcionada al número de vecinos). These Spanish regulations also stated that the streets nearby should be comfortable portals for passersby, protecting them from the elements: sun and rain. The name of the Barranquitas central plaza is Plaza de recreo Monseñor Miguel Mendoza.
Located across from the central plaza in Barranquitas barrio-pueblo is the Parroquia San Antonio de Padua (Anthony of Padua Parish). In 1792, there was a chapel where the parish is now. The parish church in Barranquitas has been built but destroyed three times by hurricanes. The first church which was built between 1804 and 1809 was destroyed in 1825 by Hurricane Santa Ana. The second and third churches were destroyed by the 1876 San Felipe hurricane and in 1928 by Hurricane San Felipe Segundo. The current church was inaugurated in 1933 and renovated in 1980.

## History

Barranquitas barrio-pueblo was in Spain's gazetteers until Puerto Rico was ceded by Spain in the aftermath of the Spanish–American War under the terms of the Treaty of Paris of 1898 and became an unincorporated territory of the United States. In 1899, the United States Department of War conducted a census of Puerto Rico finding that the population of Barranquitas barrio-pueblo was 666.
In July 2020, Federal Emergency Management Agency appropriated funds for repairs to Barranquitas' plaza.

## Features

El Cortijo which was known for many decades as El Castillo is a historic castle in Barranquitas barrio-pueblo.
An annual art festival is held every July in Barranquitas barrio-pueblo. The 52nd edition of the festival was held in 2013.

## Gallery

* Annual art festival in Barranquitas barrio-pueblo
* Barranquita's main plaza and church. (2013)
# William George Dismore Upjohn

Sir William George Dismore Upjohn, OBE (16 March 1888 – 18 January 1979) was a noted Australian surgeon. From Narrabri in New South Wales, he received his medical education at the University of Melbourne where he was resident at Ormond College and served at Royal Melbourne Hospital before entering private practice. A lieutenant-colonel within the Australian Army Medical Corps during World War I, he served in the Gallipoli campaign, investigating a dysentery epidemic, before being transferred to France in 1916. He was twice mentioned in dispatches.
After his discharge he joined the Royal College of Surgeons and resumed duties as a surgeon and general practitioner in Melbourne. He helped found the Royal Australasian College of Surgeons, and was a member of medical committees during World War II working to coordinate medical matters for the armed forces. He was also Chancellor of the University of Melbourne between 1966 and 1967.
# The Coming of Conan

The Coming of Conan is a collection of eight fantasy short stories by American writer Robert E. Howard, featuring his sword and sorcery heroes Kull and Conan the Barbarian, together with the first part of his pseudo-history of the "Hyborian Age" in which the Conan tales were set. It was first published in hardcover in the United States by Gnome Press in 1953 and by Boardman Books in the United Kingdom in 1954. The stories originally appeared in the 1930s in the fantasy magazine Weird Tales. The collection never saw publication in paperback; instead, its component stories were split and distributed among other "Kull" and "Conan" collections.

## Contents

* "Introduction" (L. Sprague de Camp)
** March 10, 1933 letter from Robert E. Howard to P. Schuyler Miller
** Undated letter from H. P. Lovecraft to Donald A. Wollheim on "The Hyborian Age"
* "The Hyborian Age, Part 1"
* "The Shadow Kingdom" (Kull)
* "The Mirrors of Tuzun Thune" (Kull)
* "The King and the Oak" (Kull)
* "The Tower of the Elephant"
* "The God in the Bowl"
* "Rogues in the House"
* "The Frost-Giant's Daughter"
* "Queen of the Black Coast"
Chronologically, the short stories collected as The Coming of Conan are the earliest in Gnome's Conan series; the stories collected as Conan the Barbarian follow.

## Reception

New York Times reviewer Villiers Gerson praised the stories as "unusual adult fairy tale[s] [with] a verve and dash seldom found in such thud-and-blunder stories." P. Schuyler Miller praised the volume as "some of the best of the fantastic, bloody exploits of Conan the Cimmerian in a world that never was."
# Mariya Pinigina

Mariya Dzhumabaevna Pinigina (Мария Джумабаевна Пинигина, née Kulchunova; born 9 February 1958 in Ivanovka, Kyrgyz SSR) is a former Olympic athlete who competed mainly in the 400 metres, training at Spartak in Kyiv. She represented the Soviet Union.
Pinigina competed for USSR in the 1988 Summer Olympics held in Seoul, South Korea in the 4 × 400 metres where she won the gold medal with her teammates 400m hurdles silver medalist Tatyana Ledovskaya, 400m bronze medalist Olga Nazarova and olympic 400m champion Olga Bryzgina. That USSR relay team set a new world record of 3:15.17 minutes which is still unbeaten.
She also won a bronze medal at the 1983 World Championships in Athletics.
In November 2013, she served as one of the torch bearers in Yakutsk for the 2014 Winter Olympics torch relay.
Mariya Pinigina is married to Olympic wrestling champion Pavel Pinigin.