OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Szeroka

Szeroka (German: Timmendorf) is a sołectwo of Jastrzębie-Zdrój, Silesian Voivodeship, southern Poland. It was an independent village but became administratively part of Jastrzębie-Zdrój in 1975. It has na area of 1026.64 ha and on December 31, 2012 it had 2,325 inhabitants.

## History

The village was first mentioned in a Latin document of Diocese of Wrocław called Liber fundationis episcopatus Vratislaviensis from around 1305 as item in Syroka et in Gogolow debent esse LIII) mansi. The creation of the village was a part of a larger settlement campaign taking place in the late 13th century on the territory of what would later be known as Upper Silesia. In 1321 appears the German name of the village, Tymendorf, which eventually evolved into Timmendorf.
A Catholic parish was established in the early years of the village. It was mentioned in the register of Peter's Pence payment from 1447 among the parishes of Żory Deanery as Tunsdorff.
Politically the village belonged initially to the Duchy of Racibórz, within feudally fragmented Poland. In 1327 the duchy became a fee of the Kingdom of Bohemia. During the political upheaval caused by Matthias Corvinus the land around Pszczyna was overtaken by Casimir II, Duke of Cieszyn, who sold it in 1517 to the Hungarian magnates of the Thurzó family, forming the Pless state country. In the accompanying sales document issued on 21 February 1517 the village was mentioned as Ssiroka. The Kingdom of Bohemia in 1526 became part of the Habsburg monarchy. In the War of the Austrian Succession most of Silesia was conquered by the kingdom of Prussia, including the village. After World War I in the Upper Silesia plebiscite 620 inhabitants voted in favour of joining Poland, against 22 for Germany. It became later a part of Silesian Voivodeship, Second Polish Republic. It was then annexed by Nazi Germany at the beginning of World War II. After the war it was restored to Poland.
A local Borynia Coal Mine, located actually in Szeroka but named after Borynia, was eventually opened in 1971, when Szeroka, Borynia and Skrzeczkowice formed one municipality with a seat in Borynia. In 1973 the seat was then moved to Szeroka.
In 1975, together with Borynia and Skrzeczkowice it was absorbed by Jastrzębie-Zdrój. In a local referendum held in 2000 the inhabitants of these three settlements voted in favour of remaining within the city.

## People

* Henryk Sławik, a Polish politician, was born here (in 1894)
# Holly Deveaux

Holly Deveaux is a Canadian actress. She is known for starring in the television series Baxter, Less Than Kind, and Spun Out.

## Career

In 2012, Deveaux was cast as Casey Anthony in Prosecuting Casey Anthony, a television movie based on death of Caylee Anthony, though the part was ultimately recast. The same year her performance in the television film The Phantoms garnered praise from The Globe and Mail reviewer John Doyle who remarked, "Outstanding is Deveaux as Tess, the most complex and troubled of the teenagers. Deveaux (last seen in Less Than Kind) is luminous, her pale face subtly registering every hurt, every worry and every insult that comes her way..." In 2014, she starred in the Syfy original movie Mutant World. In 2015, she played a prominent guest role on an episode of Rookie Blue playing a dangerous prison inmate.

## Filmography

Film roles :
| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 2009 | Victoria Day | Cayla Chapman | |
| 2011 | Tile Man | Tina | |
| 2011 | Unlucky | Melanie | |
| 2013 | Breakout | Jen | originally titled Split Decision |
| 2014 | Big Muddy | June Baker | |
| 2014 | Mutant World | Melissa King | |
| 2019 | Beast Within | Cheyenne | also known as Hunter's Moon |
| 2023 | Polarized | Lisa | |
Television roles :
| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 2010 | Haven | Brooke Garrick | Episode: "Resurfacing" |
| 2010 | Lost Girl | Portia | Episode: "Faetal Justice" |
| 2010–2011 | Baxter | Emma Ruby | Main role |
| 2011 | Breakout Kings | Haley | Episode: "Fun with Chemistry" |
| 2011 | Murdoch Mysteries | Arlene Dennet | Episode: "Bloodlust" |
| 2011 | Flashpoint | Dana Mayweather | Episode: "Run, Jamie, Run" |
| 2011 | Silent Witness | Marcie Calder | Television film |
| 2012 | Less Than Kind | Katya | Recurring role |
| 2012 | The Phantoms | Tess Jordan | Television film |
| 2013 | Cracked | Jessica O'Donnell | Episode: "Cherry Blossoms" |
| 2013 | Hannibal | Marissa Schurr | Episode: "Potage" |
| 2013 | Hemlock Grove | Jenny Fredericks | Recurring role |
| 2013 | His Turn | Megan Willow | Television film |
| 2013 | The Listener | Nikki Hutton | Episode: "House of Horror" |
| 2014–2015 | Spun Out | Abby Hayes | Main role |
| 2015 | Rookie Blue | Rochelle Dawber | Episode: "Uprising" |
| 2016–2019 | Shadowhunters | Rebecca Lewis | Recurring role |
| 2017 | Running Away | Maggie | Television film |
| 2017 | Deadly Attraction | Amanda | Television film |
| 2017 | The Mist | Zoe | Recurring role |
| 2018 | 12 Monkeys | Young Olivia | Episode: "45 RPM" |
| 2020 | Future Man | Marilyn Monroe | 3 episodes |
| 2020 | MacGyver | Peyton | Episode: "Code + Artemis + Nuclear + N3mesis" |
| 2021 | Supergirl | Dr. Beatrice Lahr | Episode: "The Gauntlet" |
| 2021 | Christmas Movie Magic | Alli Blakeman | Television film |
# Tremella vesiculosa

Tremella vesiculosa is a species of fungus in the family Tremellaceae. It produces light brown, lobed, gelatinous basidiocarps (fruit bodies) and is parasitic on other fungi on dead branches of broad-leaved trees. It was originally described from New Zealand.

## Taxonomy

Tremella vesiculosa was first published in 1990 by Robert Bandoni and Peter Buchanan, based on collections and notes made by the late New Zealand mycologist R.F.R. McNabb.

## Description

Fruit bodies are firm, gelatinous, brick-red to reddish brown, up to 5 cm (2 in) across, and lobed, the lobes thick and inflated (vesiculose). Microscopically, the basidia are tremelloid (subglobose to broadly clavate, with oblique to vertical septa), 4-celled, 11.5 to 20 by 8 to 12.5 μm. The basidiospores are ellipsoid, smooth, 8 to 9 by 5.5 to 7 μm.

## Similar species

Phaeotremella species are both brown and gelatinous, but have lobes that are comparatively thin, uninflated, and frondose. Tremella laurisilvae, described from the Canary Islands, is similar but geographically distant.

## Habitat and distribution

Tremella vesiculosa is a parasite on lignicolous fungi, but its host species is unknown, though the original collections were associated with xylariaceous fungi. It is found on dead, attached or fallen branches of broad-leaved trees.
The species was described from New Zealand and has been reported from Australia.
# Charles H. Gaus

Charles Henry Gaus (September 1, 1840 in Zanesville, Muskingum County, Ohio – October 31, 1909 in the Laurentian Mountains, Quebec, Canada) was an American businessman and politician.

## Life

He was born of German parents in Ohio, but the family moved to Brooklyn, New York when he was two years old. In 1857 he went to Albany, New York, and worked at his uncle's drugstore. He fought in the American Civil War. In 1874, he opened his own drugstore on the corner of Washington Ave. and Lark St. in Albany.
Gaus was an expert marksman, winning the Wimbledon Cup in 1889, 1890, 1891 and 1892.
In Albany, he was at times a supervisor, School Commissioner, City Street Commissioner and City Assessor, and was Mayor from 1902 to 1908. He was New York State Comptroller from January 1, 1909, until his death, elected in 1908 on the Republican ticket. He was ill most of the time, and First Deputy Comptroller Otto Kelsey actually ran the office.
Gaus died from pneumonia during a vacation at a hunting lodge on the preserve of the Bourbinnais-Kiamika Club on Long Lake in the Laurentian Mountains. He was buried at Albany Rural Cemetery.

## Sources

* Obit in NYT, on November 1, 1909
* The Political Graveyard: Index to Politicians: Gatesman to Gayheart at politicalgraveyard.com Political Graveyard
Party political offices :
| Preceded byMerton E. Lewis | Republican nominee for New York State Comptroller 1908 | Succeeded byJames Thompson |
| Political offices |||
| Preceded byJames H. Blessing | Mayor of Albany, New York 1902–1908 | Succeeded byHenry F. Snyder |
| Preceded byMartin H. Glynn | New York State Comptroller 1909 | Succeeded byOtto Kelsey Acting |
# Andrei Turea

Andrei Turea (born 11 October 1998) is a Romanian luger. He competed in the men's singles event at the 2018 Winter Olympics.
# Peter K. Palangyo

Peter K. Palangyo (1939 - 18 January 1993) was a Tanzanian novelist and diplomat. His reputation rests on a single novel, Dying in the Sun (1968), which is considered by many to be one of the most compelling works of modernism in African writing from this period.

## Biography

Born to Rwa parents in Meru District of Arusha Region, Palangyo was educated locally, in Uganda and the United States. He majored in biology at St. Olaf College in Northfield, Minnesota, and went on to graduate school at the University of Minnesota. Abandoning the sciences for literature, he earned a diploma of education from Makerere University College and taught in several secondary schools. In 1968, Palangyo returned to the United States to join the writers' workshop at the University of Iowa, and received an MFA in creative writing. Returning to Tanzania in 1972, he taught at the University of Dar es Salaam before joining the diplomatic service. At one point he was Tanzania's Ambassador to France. In 1980, he earned a PhD from University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, with a thesis on Chinua Achebe.
Palangyo died in a car accident in 1993.

## Works

* Dying in the Sun, London: Heinemann, 1968. African Writers Series 53.
# Aberdare Hall

Aberdare Hall (Welsh: Neuadd Aberdâr) is a Grade II-listed Gothic revival hall of residence at Cardiff University in Wales. It was built at the end of the nineteenth century.

## History

Aberdare Hall was established in 1883 by the University College of South Wales and Monmouthshire (later University College, Cardiff, now Cardiff University) as a residence for female students. Its foundation was due to the efforts of Lady Aberdare (1827–1897) (the wife of Henry Bruce, 1st Baron Aberdare) and John Viriamu Jones (1856–1909), the principal of the University College. There were few opportunities for women's higher education in Britain at the time.
The first building was Keswick House in Richmond Road, which opened in 1885 with nine students. The principals at this time included Ethel Hurlbatt. The current building was built 1893–95 and was designed in the Gothic revival style in brick and terracotta by W. D. Caröe. Ethel Hurlbatt became the principal of Bedford College in the University of London in 1898. The next principal was Kate Hurlbatt who was Ethel's younger sister. She served for more than thirty more years until she retired in 1934.
The original Corbett Road facade was asymmetic and a third gable was added after 1908 to make it symmetrical. More additions were made to the rear of the building in the early twentieth century. The library wing to the north-east designed by Verner O. Rees was built in 1939–40, and the garden wing designed by Verner Rees, Laurence and Mitchell in 1963. Alice Bruce who was the daughter of the founder and a leading educationalist was the President of the hall from 1929 to 1936.

## Location

Aberdare Hall is in Corbett Road in Cathays Park, near to the Cathays district of Cardiff. It is the closest hall of residence to the main university buildings.
# Reserve Officers' Training Corps (disambiguation)

Reserve Officers' Training Corps is a college-based program for training commissioned officers of the United States armed forces.
Reserve Officers' Training Corps may also refer to a similar program in other countries:
* Reserve Officers' Training Corps (Philippines)
* Reserve Officers' Training Corps (South Korea)
* Reserve Officers' Training Corps (Taiwan)

## Other uses

* Air Force Reserve Officer Training Corps, the US Air Force component of the ROTC
* Army Reserve Officers' Training Corps, the US Army component of the ROTC
* Naval Reserve Officers Training Corps, the US Navy and US Marine Corps component of the ROTC
* Junior Reserve Officers' Training Corps, an affiliate program in US high schools
# Future Now

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
Future Now is the fifth album by Portland, Oregon-based R&B group Pleasure, released in 1979. It includes the top-ten R&B hit "Glide".

## Track listing

* "Departure" – 0:44
* "Future Now" – 5:34
* "Universal" – 3:17
* "Space Is the Place" – 4:10
* "Strong Love" – 4:42
* "The Real Thing" – 5:40
* "Nothin' to It" – 4:07
* "Thoughts of Old Flames" – 4:11
* "Glide" – 6:24
* "Dedication to the Past" – 0:38

## Personnel

* Nathaniel Phillips – Electric bass, "Sok" bass, backing vocals
* Bruce Carter – Drums
* Larry Williams – Alto saxophone, soprano saxophone
* Sherman Davis – Lead and backing vocals
* Marlon "The Magician" McClain – Electric guitar, acoustic guitar, backing vocals
* Dennis Springer – Soprano saxophone
* Jerry Hey – Trumpet
* Clydene Jackson, Julia Tillman Waters, Maxine Willard Waters, Pat Henderson – Backing vocals

## Charts

| Chart (1979) | Peak position |
| Billboard Top LPs & Tape | 67 |
| Billboard Top Soul Albums | 13 |
# Elmer Ivan Applegate

Elmer Ivan Applegate (March 31, 1867 – November 16, 1949) was an American botanist. The standard author abbreviation Applegate is used to indicate this person as the author when citing a botanical name.

## Biography

Elmer Applegate was born in Ashland, Oregon, on March 31, 1867. He started to take botany seriously in 1894, when he started to attend San Jose Normal School, and later, in Stanford University, in 1895. Between 1896 and 1898, he spent 5 months a year, under supervision of Frederick Coville of the US Department of Agriculture, where he did plant surveys in the Cascade Mountains, that can range from Klamath Falls to Portland. During the winter of last year, his job was to organize a plant collections, in Washington, D.C.
Between 1928 and 1938 he was appointed as an honorary acting director of the Dudley Herbarium, at Stanford University. When he turned 67, he started serving at National Park Service as a ranger-naturalist, in Crater Lake National Park. That career he was doing from 1934 to 1939. In 1940, he was awarded an honorary Doctor of Science degree from Oregon State College. He wrote a monograph of Erythronium, from a lily family, a wrote numerous books about flora of the park and Lava Beds National Monument. During his career, he wrote 12 botanical names for plant species.
He married Esther Emily Ogden, in San Bernardino, California, in 1899. She was a niece of Peter Skene Ogden, a Hudson's Bay Company explorer. She was very watercolorist, and painter. She also accompanied her husband on field trips. They both lived in Klamath Falls until his wife died in 1931. He died on November 16, 1949, in Williams, Oregon, at the age of 82.

## Honors

Four plant species were named in his honor.
# Nishan-e-Shujaat

Nishan-e-Shujaat (Urdu: نشانِ شجاعت, lit. 'Order of Bravery'; also spelled Nishan-i-Shujaat) is a civilian honour awarded by the Government of Pakistan for military and civilian acts of conspicuous gallantry, which are not always in the face of the enemy. The Nishan-i-Shujaat is worn as a breast badge suspended from a red ribbon threaded through a gold star and crescent.

## Order of precedence

* Nishan-e-Shujaat – Symbol of Bravery
* Hilal-e-Shujaat – Crescent of Bravery
* Sitara-e-Shujaat – Star of Bravery
* Tamgha-e-Shujaat – Medal of Bravery

## List of recipients

| Recipient | Year |
| Malik Saad | 2007 |
| Safwat Ghayur | 2010 |
| Aitzaz Hasan (Sitara-e-Shujaat) | 2014 |
| Naeem Rashid | 2019 |
# Taridalu

Taridalu is a village in the southern state of Karnataka, India. It is located in the Gauribidanur taluk of Chikkaballapura district in Karnataka. It is situated 27 km away from sub-district headquarter of Gauribidanur and 38 km away from district headquarter, Chikkaballapura.

## Demographics

According to Census 2011 information the location code or village code of Taridalu village is 623363. Taridalu village is also a gram panchayat. Villages that come under Taridalu gram Panchayat are Veerammanahalli, Taridalu, Somashattyhalli, Nachakunte and Dyavasandra.
The total geographical area of village is 597.93 hectares. Taridalu has a total population of 1,718 peoples with 873 males and 845 females. There are about 442 houses in Taridalu village. Gauribidanur is nearest town to Taridalu which is approximately 27 km away.

## Economy

People belonging to the Taridalu village grow maize, millet silk, areca nuts, Ragi, marygold, pumpkins, tuberose etc. The major occupations of the residents of Taridalu are dairy farming. The dairy cooperative is the largest individual milk supplying cooperative in the state.

## Facilities

Taridalu has below types of facilities.
* Government higher primary School
* Taridalu KMF (Karnataka Milk Federation) Dairy
* Taridalu Gram Panchayat Office
* Post Office
* Gram Panchayat Library

## Temples

* Shanimahathma Swamy Temple
* Ganesha temple
* Anjenayya Temple
* Chowdeshwari Amma Temple
* Kannika Parameswari Amma Temple
* Eshwara swamy Temple
* Basavanna Temple
* Ayyappa swamy Temple
* Maramma Thayi Temple
# Andrei Tânc

Andrei Simion Tînc (born 3 July 1985) is a Romanian professional footballer who plays as a defender.

## Honours
### CFR Cluj

* Cupa României: 2015–16

### Minaur Baia Mare

* Liga III: 2020–21
# William Browell

William Browell (1759–1831), was a captain in the Royal Navy.

## Life

Browell was the son of William Browell, formerly midshipman of the Centurion under Commodore Anson. He entered the Navy in 1771 on board the Merlin sloop, and, after serving on various ships, was moved shortly before the engagement off Ushant into the Victory. On 10 November 1778 he was made lieutenant, and was with Captain Macbride in the Artois at the hard-fought battle on the Dogger Bank, 5 August. 1781. In the armament of 1790 he was for a short time in the Canada, and, on that ship being paid off, was appointed to the Alcide, and in the spring of 1793 to the Leviathan. In the Leviathan he was present at the operations at the Siege of Toulon under Lord Hood. On 25 May 1794 he was officially discharged from the Leviathan on promotion; but as the ship was then with the fleet under Lord Howe, and in daily expectation of a battle, it would appear probable that he continued in her as a volunteer, and was present in the action of 1 June. On 29 November, he was posted into the Princess Augusta yacht.
In June 1795 Lord Hugh Seymour, now a rear-admiral, hoisted his flag in the Sans Pareil, and selected Browell as his flag-captain. He thus had a distinguished share in the Battle of Groix on 23 June 1795, and continued in the Sans Pareil during the next two years, including the critical time of the mutiny at Spithead. The squadron under Lord Hugh's immediate command was, however, cruising when the mutiny broke out, and did not come into port until the ships at Spithead had returned to their obedience. In June the Sans Pareil was one of a squadron under Sir Roger Curtis, sent for a few weeks into the North Sea. On its return to Spithead, and while the ship was refitting, Captain Browell, being on shore at Gosport, was severely crushed by a bale of wool falling from a height. The injury to his back was such that for some time his life was despaired of; and though, after a long illness, he partially recovered, he was never again fit for active service.
In 1805 he was appointed one of the captains of Greenwich Hospital, and in 1809 was advanced to be lieutenant-governor, a position which he held until his death, 22 July 1831.
# Law of April 6, 1830

Law of April 6, 1830 was issued because of the Mier y Terán Report to counter concerns that Mexican Texas, part of the border state of Coahuila y Tejas was in danger of being annexed by the United States. Immigration of United States citizens, some legal, most illegal, had begun to accelerate rapidly. The law specifically banned any additional American immigrants from settling in Mexican Territory, which included California and Texas, along with the areas that would become Arizona, parts of Colorado, Nevada, New Mexico, and Utah. It also stopped the import of more slaves into Texas.

## Background

In 1827 and 1829, the United States offered to purchase Mexican Texas.
Both times, President Guadalupe Victoria declined to sell part of the border state. After the failed Fredonian Rebellion in eastern Texas, the Mexican government asked General Manuel Mier y Terán to investigate the outcome of the 1824 General Colonization Law in Texas. In 1829, Mier y Terán issued his report, which concluded that most Anglo-Americans tried to isolate themselves from Mexicans. He also noted that slave reforms passed by the state were being ignored.

## Terms

Almost all of Mier y Terán's recommendations were adopted in a series of laws passed on April 6, 1830, under President Anastasio Bustamante.
The law explicitly banned any further immigration from the United States to Texas and any new slaves. Settlement contracts were brought under federal rather than state control, and colonies that did not have at least 150 inhabitants would be canceled. Provisions of the law were designed to encourage Mexican citizens to move from the interior to Texas. Mexicans who agreed to relocate to Texas would get good land, free transportation to Texas, and some financial assistance. Convicts would be sent to Texas to build fortifications and roads to stimulate trade.
Other parts of the law were targeted at those already living in Texas. Bustamante rescinded the property tax law, which had a 10-year tax exemption for immigrants. He further increased tariffs on goods entering Mexico from the United States, causing their prices to rise.

## Aftermath

The ban and other measures did not stop US citizens from migrating to Texas by the thousands, and by 1834, it was estimated that over 30,000 Anglos lived in Texas, compared to only 7,800 Mexicans.
Regarding slavery, influential settler Stephen F. Austin, who reasoned that the success of his colonies needed slave labor and the economics it produced to lure more whites to the area, used his relationships to get an exemption from the law. Therefore, slavery remained in Texas until the end of the American Civil War.
# Sanjak of Mosul

The Sanjak of Mosul or Mosul Sanjak (Ottoman Turkish: موصل سنجاغى Musul Sancağı) was a sanjak in the Ottoman Empire with the city of Mosul, in present-day Iraq, as its administrative center.

## History

The sanjak was established after Selim I occupied Mosul in 1516/1517. It was part of Diyarbekir Eyalet until 1534. It was then transferred to Luristan Eyalet, then Baghdad Eyalet. During the years of 1563–1566 and 1571–1573 it was part of Shahrizor Eyalet. In 1586 it became part of the newly established Mosul Eyalet.
In 1851 the Eyalet of Mosul was dissolved. The Sanjak of Mosul was not attached to another province until 1855, when it became part of Van Eyalet. In 1866 it was transferred to Baghdad Eyalet, which became Baghdad Vilayet in 1869. In 1880 it became part of the Vilayet of Mosul.