OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Naseem Kharal

Naseem Ahmed Kharal (Sindhi: نسيم کرل) (June 29, 1939 – July 14, 1978) was a Sindhi short story writer. He was born on June 29, 1939, in Kharalabad, Khairpur District of British India, what subsequently became Pakistan.

## Personal life

Son of Abdul Kareem Kharal from District Khairpur, who was a Kharal Jatt landlord, Naseem was the eldest of all the seven siblings, four brothers and two sisters. He married his cousin, a daughter of Abdul Raheem Kharal, Chief Justice of Khairpur Mir's, and has six children.
He gained a Bachelor of Arts and a law degree and became a landlord. Although a qualified lawyer, he never practiced law and stuck to his roots of agriculture. His work includes Pahrein Murad, Kafir, 34 dar and his published books are Shabnam Shabnam Kanwal Kanwal (1966), Akhyoon Arsiyoon (1968), Khirnda Khatinhar, Chotihoon Dar (1973) and Dummy.
He died on July 14, 1978, in Khairpur.
# Swolf

The Swolf is a composite measurement in sports swimming that reflects how fast and how efficiently somebody is swimming. In contrast, time per distance (speed) neglects swimming technique, and the number of swimming strokes per lap neglects the purpose of competitive swimming: Covering a given distance in the shortest time.

## Background

Swolf is a portmanteau of "swim" and "golf". As in golf, a lower number of strokes is better. The Swolf score is the number of seconds (for a given lap, 25 or 50 meters), plus the number of swimming strokes made in the same distance.
After a swimmer has learned to swim longer distances at a constant, high power output, it becomes essential to improve the swimming efficiency: Achieving a higher acceleration per swimming stroke, and gliding a longer distance between the strokes. The Swolf then becomes a useful tool to measure training progress.
Due to different body dimensions, a comparison between two swimmers is rarely useful; the Swolf is rather a guide that reflects one's own training progress. In contrast to the earlier days, where swimmers had to count their own strokes, modern sports watches carry acceleration sensors and indicate the Swolf number of a given training unit.
# Vladimir Beryozov

Vladimir Prokofievich Beryozov (Russian: Владимир Прокофьевич Берёзов; 12 December 1940 – 5 March 2024) was a Russian military officer and politician. A member of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation, he served in the Federation Council from January to June 2002.
Beryozov died in Smolensk on 5 March 2024 at the age of 83.
# Benisha Hamal

Benisha Hamal (Nepali: बेनिशा हमाल; born (1992-07-25)July 25, 1992) is a Nepalese radio jockey, model, and actress known for her work in Nepali cinema. She has worked on over a dozen films and more than one hundred music videos. She won several awards, including a national award in 2018 for her film Blind Rocks.

## Personal life and education

Benisha Hamal was born to Bheshraj Hamal and Shakuntala Hamal in Chitwan, Nepal. She completed her primary-level education at Golden Future Boarding English School and her School Leaving Certificate (SLC) at Arunodaya Higher Secondary School. She completed her +2 level from Shanti Academy, Bharatpur. For her higher studies, she went to Kathmandu in 2007 and did her BA from Kantipur College of Business Management and Humanities (major English and Mass Communication) and her MA from Goldengate International College. She likes reading novels and watching movies. Her favorite Nepali actor is Rajesh Hamal, and her favorite actress is Karishma Manandhar. Apart from this, she's a big fan of cricket, as she said in interviews. She is a big fan of Paras Khadka.

## Career

Hamal worked as an RJ in Kalika FM, Bharatpur, after winning the second runner-up title of "Ideal RJ" organized by the FM itself. She also worked as VJ in various Nepali TV channels: Channel Nepal, NTV Plus and NTV. In 2009, she started her modelling career. She also appeared in many TV commercials, including ads for Yum Yum Noodles, Rio Juice, UTL, Rose Village Housing, Nova Ice-cream and Wego Scooty.
She has also played in various music videos. Her first music video was Sindhuli Ko by Paul Rai. She can be seen in the music videos of Timi Arkai Ghar Ko Manche by Hementa Sharma, Aau milli by Buddha Shakya, “Tadha” by Babin Pradhan, “ Chot Khada Khada” by Manoj Raj,” Ek patak” by Rupa Bista and so on.
Her debut film as an actress was Swor directed by Prasanna Poudel in 2010. Since then have starred in films like Jyaan Hajir Chha (2012), Mokshya (2014), and Blind Rocks (2018). Her recent movie "Chakka Panja 4," released in 2023, was a hit in the Nepali movie industry.

## Filmography

Key :
| † | Denotes films that have not yet been released |
| Year | Film | Role | Notes |
| 2010 | Swor-The Melody of Dreams | | Debut film |
| 2012 | Luck | | |
| 2012 | Jyaan Hajir Chha | | |
| 2013 | Mahasush | | |
| 2014 | Mokshya | Smriti | |
| 2016 | Kalo Pothi | Kiran's sister | |
| 2017 | King Returns | Aarati | |
| 2017 | Jhyanakuti | Malati | |
| 2018 | Blind Rocks | Shristi | |
| 2018 | Changa Chet | | |
| 2019 | Ghar | Maya | |
| 2022 | Premganj | Maina | |
| 2023 | Chi Musi Chi - Even Dead Desire Belonging | Dr Meera | |
| 2023 | Chhakka Panja 4 | Alisha | |
| 2024 | Upahaar † | | |

## Awards

* National Award 2018
* CG Kamana film awards 2018
* NFDC National award 2018
* CG kamana award 2014 in supporting role
# Wolfgang Hildesheimer

Wolfgang Hildesheimer (9 December 1916 – 21 August 1991) was a German author. He originally trained as an artist, before turning to writing.

## Biography

Hildesheimer was born of Jewish parents, chemist Arnold Hildesheimer (1885–1955) and Hanna Goldschmidt (1888–1962), in Hamburg. His great-grandfather was Azriel Hildesheimer, the moderniser of Orthodox Judaism in Germany. He was educated at the Humanistisches Gymnasium in Mannheim (Karl-Friedrich-Gymnasium [de]) from 1926 to 1930. He then attended Odenwaldschule until 1933, when he left Germany. He was then educated at Frensham Heights School in Surrey, England. He studied carpentry in Mandatory Palestine, where his parents had emigrated. He studied painting and stage building in London.
In 1946 he worked as a translator and clerk at the Nuremberg trials. Afterward, he worked as a writer and was a member of Group 47. In 1980, he gave the inaugural address at the Salzburg Festival, "Was sagt Musik aus?" [What does music say?]. In addition to writing, Hildesheimer created collages which he collected in several volumes (the first Endlich allein, 1984), an activity he shared with other late-20th century writers Peter Weiss and Ror Wolf. The municipality of Poschiavo in Switzerland made Hildesheimer an honorary citizen in 1982; he died there in 1991.

## Works

* 1952 Lieblose Legenden [de], short stories
* 1953 Das Paradies der falschen Vögel
* 1954 An den Ufern der Plotinitza, radio play
* 1955 Der Drachenthron, comedy in three acts
* 1955 Das Opfer Helena [de], radio play
* 1954 Das Märchen von Prinzessin Turandot (The Fairy Tale of Princess Turandot), radio play
* 1958 Pastorale oder Die Zeit für Kakao, play
* 1960 Herrn Walsers Raben, radio play
* 1961 Die Verspätung, play
* 1962 Vergebliche Aufzeichnungen
* 1965 Tynset, a novel
* 1971 Zeiten in Cornwall, travelogue
* 1973 Masante, a novel
* 1977 Mozart [de], a biography of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
* 1981 Marbot [fr], a fictional biography of Sir Andrew Marbot
* 1983 Mitteilungen an Max (Über den Stand der Dinge und anderes)

## Awards

* Hörspielpreis der Kriegsblinden (a radio play prize for Princess Turandot) 1955
* Georg Büchner Prize 1966
* Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany (Großes Verdienstkreuz) 1983
# Court of First Fruits and Tenths

First Fruits and Tenths was a form of tax on clergy taking up a benefice or ecclesiastical position in Great Britain. The Court of First Fruits and Tenths was established in 1540 to collect from clerical benefices certain moneys that had previously been sent to Rome.
Clergy had to pay a portion of their first year's income (known as annates) and a tenth of their revenue annually thereafter. Originally, the money was paid to the papacy, but Henry VIII's 1534 statute diverted the money to the English Crown as part of his campaign to pressure the Pope into granting him an annulment of his marriage with Catherine of Aragon.
The Appointment of Bishops Act 1533 (25 Hen. 8. c. 20) allowed taxes on first fruits and tenths (of benefice’s income) to be transferred from the Pope to the King. Thomas Cromwell set up a special financial administration for these revenues. Following his removal from office, a separate administration was established: the Court of First Fruits and Tenths. In 1554 the court was dissolved, and responsibility for administration of these revenues passed to the Office of First Fruits and Tenths, a department of the Exchequer. During the 18th century, these payments formed the basis of Queen Anne's Bounty.

## Substance and procedure

First-fruits (annates) and tenths (decimae) originally formed part of the revenue paid by the clergy to the papal exchequer. The former consist of the first whole year's profit of all spiritual preferments, the latter of one-tenth of their annual profits after the first year.
The proceedings of the court relate to a variety of aspects of the collection of these dues for the Crown and include, for example, accountings, sheriffs' returns to writs concerning livings and their incumbents and appearances and hearings in cases of first fruits.
The income derived from first-fruits and tenths was annexed to the revenue of the Crown by the First Fruits and Tenths Act 1534 (26 Hen. 8. c. 3), and so continued until 1703. The Court of First Fruits and Tenths was subsequently subsumed into the Exchequer Office of First Fruits and Tenths in 1554.
Beginning in 1703, Queen Anne's Bounty was the name applied to a perpetual fund of first-fruits and tenths granted by a charter of Queen Anne and confirmed by the Queen Anne's Bounty Act 1703 (2 & 3 Ann. c. 20), for the augmentation of the livings of the poorer Anglican clergy. In accordance with the provisions of two acts of 1706, Queen Anne's Bounty Act 1706 (6 Ann. c. 24); and Taxation (No. 5) Act 1706 (6 Ann. c. 27), about 3,900 poor livings under the annual value of £50 were discharged from first-fruits and tenths.
# Eugene A. Leahy

Eugene A. "Gene" Leahy (May 8, 1929 – January 18, 2000) was Mayor of Omaha, Nebraska from 1969 to 1973. Gene Leahy Mall in Downtown Omaha is named after him. His unorthodox style endeared him to many Omahans. He would often wear a clown suit for poor children's celebrations and he championed the retention of football at the University of Nebraska at Omaha when the Nebraska University System wanted to cut it. Mayor Leahy was also well known for reading the Sunday comics on a local television station. His long range planning for the city was done in a fashion which did not draw attention to his own guidance and vision yet has been one of the enduring backbones which the subsequent city leaders have built upon.
# Khair-un-Nissa Jaffery

Khair-un-Nissa Jaffery (7 August 1947 - 4 March 1998) (Sindhi: خيرالنساء جعفري) was a short story writer, critic, and educationist from Hyderabad, Sindh, Pakistan. She served as a Professor and Chairperson of the Department of Psychology of Sindh University, Jamshoro, Pakistan.

## Biography

Khair-un-Nissa Jaffery was born on 7 August 1947 at Tando Wali Muhammad, Hyderabad, Sindh, Pakistan. Her parents were from Talhar, Badin District. Her father, Ahmed Ali Khuwaja, was a professor of Islamic Culture, and her mother, Sheeren, was a house wife. She studied at Miran School and then attended Zubaida Girls College in Hyderabad. She obtained a master's degree in psychology from the University of Sindh. She started her career as a lecturer of psychology at the University of Sindh in 1970 and later retired as a Professor and chairperson of the same department.
She had an interest in literature and writing since childhood. Her first story, "Berozgari Aeen Bandooq" (Joblessness and Gun), was published in the literary magazine Sojhro. She was 27 years old when this story was published. Her first book of short stories, titled "Takhleeqa Jo Maut" (Death of Creation), was published in 1978.
In Sindhi Literature, she is known as a bold writer, but at the same time, she was a very simple, clean-hearted, and sympathetic woman. She was a noble story writer and was open-minded and talkative. Her stories depict a reflection of women's psychological, mental, emotional, and internal feelings. She has described woman's oppression, weakness, and compulsion very boldly.
Her story, "Havelia khan Hostel Taeen" (Sindhi: حويليءَ کان هاسٽل تائين), transitions from the minimalist atmosphere of the mansion to the open space of the hostel. This story became so popular that it was translated into Hindi, Urdu, Chinese, and Malayalam languages. Her other notable stories include, "Peera Jo Parlau" (Sindhi: پيڙا جو پڙلاءُ) (Echo of Pain), "Kahro Brand Aeen Kahro Cigarette" (Which Brand and Which Cigarette), "Qurbatoon Aeen Fasila" (Nearness and Distances), "Tutal Sochoon" (Broken Thoughts), and "Municipality Aeen Kuta" (Municipality and Dogs) etc.
A compilation of all Jafri's works, "My Creative Journey", was published in 1992 by the Sindhica Academy Karachi, which includes stories, speeches, interviews, and her travel to India. Noted writer Tanveer Junejo has also written a book, titled "Khair-un-Nissa Jaffery - Shakhsiat aeen Fun" on her personality and writings.
# Thames Trains

Thames Trains was a train operating company in the United Kingdom owned by Go-Ahead Group, which operated the Thames Trains franchise from October 1996 until March 2004.

## History

The Thames Trains franchise was awarded by the Director of Passenger Rail Franchising to Victory Rail Holdings, a company owned by Go-Ahead (65%) and some ex-British Rail managers (35%), with operations commencing on 13 October 1996. Go-Ahead bought the remaining shares it did not own in June 1998.
The Ladbroke Grove rail crash of 5 October 1999 involved a Thames Trains Class 165, which had failed to stop at a red signal. Thames Trains was fined £2 million for violations of health and safety law in connection with the incident, and was also ordered to pay £75,000 in costs.

## Services

Thames Trains ran services along the Great Western Main Line from London Paddington to Didcot with services continuing north to Oxford, Bicester Town, Hereford and Stratford-upon-Avon. It also operated services on the Greenford, Windsor & Eton Central, Marlow, Henley and Bedwyn lines and on the Reading to Basingstoke and North Downs lines.
In 1998 a service from Oxford to Bristol was introduced in partnership with First Great Western. This was withdrawn in 2003 to relieve congestion, at the request of the Strategic Rail Authority.

## Rolling stock

Thames Trains inherited a fleet of near-new Class 165 and Class 166 diesel multiple units from British Rail. Because the paintwork was still under warranty, the existing Network SouthEast livery was retained with only a Thames Trains logo added. Upon the warranty expiring, a new livery of white, blue and green was introduced in 2000.
Fleet at end of franchise :
| Class | Image | Type | Top speed | Top speed | Number | Built |
| Class | Image | Type | mph | km/h | Number | Built |
| Class 165 Networker Turbo | | DMU | 90 | 145 | 36 | 1990–1992 |
| Class 166 Networker Turbo | | DMU | 90 | 145 | 21 | 1992–1993 |

## Depot

Thames Trains' fleet was maintained at Reading TMD.

## Demise

In April 2003 the Strategic Rail Authority invited FirstGroup and Go-Ahead to bid for a two-year franchise that would coincide with the end date of the First Great Western franchise, after which both would become part of the Greater Western franchise. In November 2003 the Strategic Rail Authority awarded the new franchise to First with the services operated by Thames Trains transferring to First Great Western Link on 1 April 2004.
# Serebryanka (Moscow Oblast)

The Serebryanka (Russian: Серебрянка) is a river in Moscow Oblast, Russia, a tributary of the Ucha. It flows through Pushkinsky District. The river starts in the village of Stepankovo and ends in Pushkino city, where it is confined by a levee near its mouth. There is a boat station on the river that holds rowing competitions. The total length of the river is 13 km.
# Anton Rønneberg

Anton Johan Rønneberg (9 August 1902 – 7 May 1989) was a Norwegian writer, theatre critic, dramaturg and theatre director.
Rønneberg was a theatre critic for several Oslo newspapers: Norges Kommunistblad in 1924, Middagsavisen from 1925 to 1927, Morgenbladet from 1928 to 1930 and Aftenposten. He was the acting theatre director for the National Theatre from 1933 to 1934. He wrote several books, including Teater hjemme og ute (1945), a biography on actress Tore Segelcke (1946), and two volumes on the history of Nationaltheatret.
# Joanes Urkixo

Joanes Urkixo Beitia (born 11 June 1955) is a Basque language writer, and film and television writer.

## Life

Urkixo was born in Bilbao. He studied Basque philology at the University of Deusto. He worked as a professor of Basque and Spanish and as a translator and adapter of films and series (in Basque and Spanish). Between 1978 and 1980 he collaborated with the literary group Pott banda, of which were members Bernardo Atxaga, Joxemari Iturralde, and Joseba Sarrionandia. In 1983, he created the literary magazine Tua-ttua along with Laura Mintegi.
He has also contributed to various newspapers and magazines, including Euskadi Sioux, Anaitasuna, Pott, Argia, Susa, Egunkaria and Zehar.
In 2003 he was the winner of the V Abril Prize, given by Associate Editors, with his work Gerlari zuria (White War).

## Works
### Narratives

* Elur gainean (1984, Erein)
* Lurra deika (1991, Erein)

### Poetry

Berbak legezko aiztoak (1990, Susa)

### Children's literature

* Patxi Trumoik letrak ikasi nahi ditu (1985, Erein)
* Patxi eta txoriaren bahiketa (1986, Erein)
* Shangai Tom espazioko zaindari (1992, Elkar)
* Bihotz ausarta (1996, Zubia)
* Thule (1998, Elkarlanean)
* Zeruak erori zirenekoa (1998, Ibaizabal)
* Lur izeneko oihana (2000, Zubia)
* Gerlari zuria (2003, Elkar)
* Argitxo Santageda egunean (2003, Ikastolen Federakundea)
* Argitxo iratxoa (2003, Ikastolen Federakundea)
* Argitxo eta Olentzero (2003, Ikastolen Federakundea)
* Argitxo Sanjuanetan (2003, Ikastolen Federakundea)
* Nerabeak eta beste munstro batzuk (2005, Aizkorri)

### Theater

* Eta beharbada ispilu beltz bat (1981, BAK)

### With other authors

* Cuentos Incombustibles II (1982, Bilboko Liburusaltzaileen Elkartea)
* Lore Kontu-Kontu Lore (1985, Ondarroako Kultur Etxea)
* Bilbao ipuin biltegia (2000, Bilboko Udala)
* Bilbao lerrorik lerro (2001, Bilboko udala)
* Bilbo inguruko ipuinak = Cuentos alrededor de Bilbao (2013, Bizkaiko Foru Adundia, Kultura Saila)

### Translations

* Richard II (1985, Antzerti)
* SOS Lusitania (2016, Harriet)
* Autobusa berriro bera gabe abiatu zen egunekoa (2017, Harriet)
* Hegoak Astinduz (2017, Harriet)
* Wounded (2017, Harriet)
* Inozoen errua (2017, Harriet)
# Muhammad Faquir Khatian

Muhammad Faquir Khatian (1878 - 4 February 1941) was a classical Sufi poet of Sindh, Pakistan. He was one the best Sindhi and Seraiki Sufi poets of Sindh during the British Raj in India (Now Pakistan).

## Biography

Muhammad Faquir Khatian was born in 1878 in the house of Rais Hyder Khan Khatian in the village of Sulaiman Khatian, located in the Matiari district of Sindh, Pakistan. The village of Sulaiman Khatian is situated approximately 7 kilometers northeast of Tando Jam. In accordance with the customs of that era, Muhammad Faquir Khatian pursued his studies in Arabic, Persian, and Quranic studies in his homevillage. Unfortunately, after the demise of his father, he was compelled to halt his formal education. Nonetheless, whenever he found the opportunity, he would acquire knowledge of Persian from Abdul Rehman Samoo, a resident of Karnani Samoo village. For a brief period, he served as a manager for Rais Ghulam Muhammad Khan Bhurgri in the village of Dengan Bhurgri, located in Taluka Kot Ghulam Muhammad. However, he eventually decided to leave that position and returned to his own village.
He was a devoted follower of Pir Pagara, the spiritual leader of the Hur Jammait in Sindh. He joined the Hur force led by Pir Pagara in 1915-16 and remained a part of this force for several years.
He had a deep fondness for spiritual music, poetry, and the Sufic way of life since childhood. The Sufi poetry of Nawab Wali Muhammad Leghari, a legendary poet and Sufi master from Sindh, profoundly inspired him. Under the guidance and companionship of Nawab Wali Muhammad Leghari, Muhammad Faquir himself emerged as a remarkable Sufi poet. His poetry reached its pinnacle under the spiritual patronage of Makhdoom Ghulam Hyder, the successor of Sufi saint Makhdoom Nooh of Hala. While singing his own poetry with his faquirs (companions), he would often use the Yaktaro (a single-stringed instrument) and Chaparyoon (a pair of wooden instruments). This style of singing Sufi kalam (poetry) continues to be popular in rural Sindh.
His Sindhi and Seraiki poetry collection titled Mantooq-e-Muhammadi (Sindhi: منطوق محمدي) was compiled and published by Makhdoom Muhammad Zaman Talibul Maula in 1950. The second and third editions of the same collection were published by Rais Ahmad Khan Khatian in 2002 and 2008 respectively.
A dictionary of poetry of Muhammad Faqir and Mahmood Faqir Khatian titled Akhar Akhar men Israr (Sindhi: اکر اکر ۾ اسرار) was compiled by Inayat Unar and published by Sindhi Language Authority in 2014.

## Death

Muhammad Faquir Khatian passed away on 4th February 1941 and was laid to rest in his native village of Sulaiman Khan Khatian.