OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Nixon v. Condon

Nixon v. Condon, 286 U.S. 73 (1932), was a voting rights case decided by the United States Supreme Court, which found the all-white Democratic Party primary in Texas unconstitutional. This was one of four cases brought to challenge the Texas all-white Democratic Party primary. All challenges were supported by the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP). With Smith v. Allwright (1944) the Supreme Court decisively prohibited the white primary.

## Background

In Nixon v. Herndon (1927), the Court had struck down a Texas statute that prohibited blacks from participating in the Texas Democratic primary election. Very shortly after that decision, the Texas Legislature repealed the invalidated statute, declared that the effect of the Nixon decision was to create an emergency requiring immediate action, and replaced the old statute with a new one. The new law provided that every political party would henceforth "in its own way determine who shall be qualified to vote or otherwise participate in such political party".
Under the authority of this law, the executive committee of the Texas Democratic Party adopted a resolution stating that "all white democrats who are qualified under the constitution and laws of Texas" would be allowed to vote. In the 1928 Democratic primary, Dr. L. A. Nixon of El Paso again tried to vote. He was again denied, on the ground that the resolution allowed only whites to vote (Nixon was black). Nixon sued the judges of elections in federal court.

## Issue

The defendants argued that there was no state action and therefore no equal protection violation, because the Democratic Party was "merely a voluntary association" that had the power to choose its own membership.

## Decision

The Court, however, in a five to four ruling, reasoned that because the Texas statute gave the party's executive committee the authority to exclude would-be members of the party – an authority, the Court said, that the executive committee hitherto had not possessed – the executive committee was acting under a state grant of power. Because there was state action, the case was controlled by Nixon v. Herndon (1927), which prohibited state officials from "discharg[ing] their official functions in such a way as to discriminate invidiously between white citizens and black".

## Aftermath

The Court's decision affected all-white primaries in other Southern states.
The Democratic Party in Texas responded by barring blacks from participation in the party nominating conventions, and thus effectively continuing the white primary.
Grovey v. Townsend (1935) and Smith v. Allwright (1944) were additional cases brought by African Americans to challenge Texas white primaries. With the latter, the Supreme Court decisively prohibited white primaries.

## Citations

* 1 2 Jim Crow Supreme Court Cases: Texas Archived November 7, 2007, at the Wayback Machine, accessed 21 March 2008
# Parvoscincus palaliensis

Parvoscincus palaliensis is a species of skink found in the Philippines.
# Nedu Onyeuku

Chinedu Onyeuku was a Nigerian professional basketball player with the ABA team Arlington Bulldogs. After a successful College career, Onyeuku spent one year playing professional basketball in Germany for Bayern Munich before returning to the United States.
On 21 November 2012 the 29-year-old Onyeuku — once a star at Omaha Creighton Prep —died when a homeowner shot at two men trying to break into his Plano, Tex., house.
Rumors immediately surfaced in Omaha that Valentine was the second burglar — and that his relatives had driven to Texas to return him back to Omaha.
Then, on April 9, Valentine called his probation officer. According to a court document filed last week, Valentine told the probation officer that he “went to Plano, Texas, and his intention was to do a home invasion — the plan was to rob a known drug dealer.”
“Subsequently, a homicide took place,” according to the court document filed by prosecutor Bill Ouren. Under terms of his probation, Valentine was not to leave Douglas County without permission.
Valentine, 25, now is in the Douglas County Jail. If convicted of the probation violation, he would face up to five years in prison — the maximum sentence on his original drug dealing charge.
Meanwhile, the investigation into Onyeuku's death continues.

## Biography

Chinedu immigrated to America from Lagos in 1989. He attended Illinois State University where he played for his first basketball team called the Arlington Bulldogs. Onyeku played for the D’Tigers in 2009 and his national team several times but didn't play for the London Olympic Games in 2012.

## Achievements
### Individual

* 2004: Iowa Western Community College - All-NEC 1st team
* 2004: Iowa Western Community College - NEC player of the year
* 2009: Nigeria national basketball team
# Maletino

Maletino (Russian: Малетино) is the name of several rural localities (selos and villages) in Russia:
* Maletino, Altai Krai, a selo in Stolbovsky Selsoviet of Kamensky District of Altai Krai
* Maletino, Krasnoborsky District, Arkhangelsk Oblast, a village in Berezonavolotsky Selsoviet of Krasnoborsky District of Arkhangelsk Oblast
* Maletino, Pinezhsky District, Arkhangelsk Oblast, a village in Pinezhsky Selsoviet of Pinezhsky District of Arkhangelsk Oblast
* Maletino, Kurgan Oblast, a village in Nizhnevsky Selsoviet of Kurtamyshsky District of Kurgan Oblast
# Philodendron pedatum

Philodendron pedatum is a species of plant in the genus Philodendron native to South America from Colombia to southeast Brazil. It grows in wet tropical forests and like many in the genus, has a climbing growth habit.
Commonly known as the "oak leaf Philodendron", its foliage is lobed and changes shape as it matures, becoming larger and often with more narrow leaf blades. The species is also the source of a number of named varieties in cultivation, such as "Florida" or "Florida Beauty" that are variegated with white or marbled foliage.
# Bagepalli Assembly constituency

Bagepalli Assembly constituency is one of the 224 constituencies in the Karnataka Legislative Assembly of Karnataka, a southern state of India. It is also part of Chikballapur Lok Sabha constituency.

## Members of Legislative Assembly
### Mysore State

| Elected year | Member | Party |
| Before 1962: Seat did not exist ||||
| 1962 | B. Subbarayappa | Indian National Congress |
| 1967 | A. Muniyappa | Indian National Congress |
| 1972 | Renuka Rajendran | Indian National Congress |

### Karnataka

| Elected year | Member | Party |
| 1978 | S. Muni Kaju | Indian National Congress (Indira) |
| 1983 | A. V. Appaswamy Reddy | Communist Party of India (Marxist) |
| 1985 | B. Narayana Swamy | Indian National Congress |
| 1989 | C. V. Venkatarayappa | Indian National Congress |
| 1994 | G. V. Srirama Reddy | Communist Party of India (Marxist) |
| 1999 | N. Sampangi | Independent politician |
| 2004 | G. V. Srirama Reddy | Communist Party of India (Marxist) |
| 2008 | N. Sampangi | Indian National Congress |
| 2013 | S. N. Subba Reddy | Independent politician |
| 2018 | S. N. Subba Reddy | Indian National Congress |
| 2023 | S. N. Subba Reddy | Indian National Congress |

## Election results
### 2023

2023 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election: Bagepalli :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | INC | S. N. Subba Reddy | 82,128 | 47.37 | +7.43 |
| | BJP | C. Muniraju | 62,949 | 36.31 | +33.79 |
| | CPI(M) | A. Anil Kumar | 19,621 | 11.32 | −20.10 |
| | Independent | Mithun Reddy | 2,723 | 1.57 | |
| | KRPP | C. Krishna Reddy | 1,598 | 0.92 | |
| | NOTA | None of the Above | 1,003 | 0.58 | +0.17 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 19,179 | 11.06 | +2.54 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 1,73,372 | 85.30 | +2.20 |
| | INC hold | INC hold | Swing | | |

### 2018

2018 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election: Bagepalli :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | INC | S. N. Subba Reddy | 65,710 | 39.94 |
| | CPI(M) | G. V. Sreerama Reddy | 51,697 | 31.42 |
| | JD(S) | C. R. Manohar | 38,302 | 23.28 |
| | BJP | P. Sai Kumar | 4,140 | 2.52 |
| | NOTA | None of the Above | 680 | 0.41 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 14,013 | 8.52 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 1,64,528 | 83.10 |
| | INC gain from Independent | INC gain from Independent | Swing | |
# Alin Lițu

Alin Liţu (born 22 October 1986 in Craiova, Romania) is a retired football striker that was under contract with Steaua București.

## Career
### Debut

Coming out through the youth ranks of Steaua București, Alin Liţu made his debut under the coaching of Walter Zenga on 8 May 2005, during the Oţelul – Steaua 1-0 match. Used intermittently during the last part of that season, Liţu never really proved his point and ended up playing for the Steaua II during the following season.

#### Jiul spell

During the 2006–2007 season he was loaned to CS Jiul Petroşani, where he played a total of 10 matches, but didn't score a single goal.

#### Gloria Buzău spell

For the 2007–2008 season, Steaua București loaned him to newly promoted Gloria Buzău, where he would make a name for himself and earn first team experience. The season was disappointing for him, in terms of goalscoring – only four goals in 37 appearances. His loan was extended for another 6 months (the first half of the 2008–2009 season) before returning to Steaua București.

### Steaua return

After an impressive winter training period, where he scored many goals and seemed to be one of the frontrunners for occupying a first team spot, Liţu spent most of the following period playing for the Steaua II or coming as a sub in few matches.
In 2009–10, Liţu was demoted to the B squad.
In January 2010 Steaua II București loaned Liţu to Gaz Metan Mediaş until June 2012.

## Honours
### Steaua București

* Romanian Championship League: 2004–05
# Balbaroo

Balbaroo is an extinct genus of quadrupedal kangaroo that once lived in Australia during the Late Oligocene to the Middle Miocene. Its fossils have been found in the Northern Territory and Queensland. Four species are currently recognised, B. camfieldensis, B. fangaroo, B. gregoriensis, and B. nalima.

## Taxonomy

The genus was erected in 1983 to describe a new species of early marsupials, Balbaroo camfieldensis. Since then, it has been determined that members of the genus possessed sharp canines. Despite the sharp canines, the presence of low-crowned bilophodont molars seems to indicate an herbivorous diet.
# Hizabad

Hizabad or Hiz Abad (Persian: هيزاباد) may refer to:
* Hizabad-e Bala, a village in Zaboli Rural District, in the Central District of Mehrestan County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran
* Hizabad-e Pain, a village in Zaboli Rural District, in the Central District of Mehrestan County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran
# Baby on Board (disambiguation)

Baby on Board may refer to:
* Baby on board, a sign intended to be placed on a vehicle to encourage safe driving
* Baby on Board (film), a 2009 film directed by Brian Herzlinger
* "Baby on Board" (Modern Family), an episode of the television series Modern Family
* "Baby on Board" (The Simpsons), a song performed by Homer Simpson's barbershop quartet
# USS Bauxite

USS Bauxite (IX-154), a Trefoil-class concrete barge designated an unclassified miscellaneous vessel, was the only ship of the United States Navy to be named for bauxite, a mineral compound of several hydrous aluminum oxides. Her keel was laid down under a Maritime Commission contract (T. B7 D1, MC hull 1326) on 9 July 1943 at San Francisco, California, by Barrett and Hilp, Belair Shipyard. She was launched on 11 October sponsored by Mrs. E. J. Rapley, acquired by the Navy on 22 June 1944, and placed in service the same day.

## Service history

Assigned to the Service Force, Pacific Fleet, as a floating storage facility for general naval stores and provisions, Bauxite served at advanced naval bases in the Pacific theater, issuing supplies to ships as needed. The concrete barge was one of 13 controlled by Service Squadron 10. She carried over 7,000 different items and served an average of 600 ships a month. With a diesel electric power plant, she was able to generate her own power for refrigeration, cooking, lighting, ventilation, and distilling water. The barges provided much needed storage space afloat and released a number of self-propelled cargo ships to carry supplies to the forward areas.
Following the war, Bauxite was towed to Shanghai, China, where she continued to serve as a stores barge until authorized for disposal. She was sold at Shanghai to a Chinese purchaser in May 1947, and her name was struck from the Naval Vessel Register on 23 June 1947.
# Alherd, Iran

Alherd or Alhard or Elehred or Alharod (Persian: الهرد), in Iran, may refer to:
* Alherd, Khoda Afarin
* Alharod, Varzaqan
# Andrei Mocanu

Marius Andrei Mocanu (born 10 July 2003) is a Romanian professional footballer who plays as a forward.

## Career

Mocanu made his senior debut for Avellino on 16 March 2022, in a 1–0 Serie C win over Taranto.

## Career statistics

    As of match played 26 March 2022
Appearances and goals by club, season and competition :
| Club | Season | League | League | League | National Cup | National Cup | Continental | Continental | Other | Other | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Avellino | 2021–22 | Serie C | 2 | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 2 | 0 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 |
# Turris packardi

Turris packardi is an extinct species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Turridae, the turrids.

## Description

(Original description) The shell is small and fusiform. The spire is moderately elevated and about one and two-fifths as long as the siphonal canal; The shell contains eight, very angular whorls. A well developed keel is present upon the angulated area of each whorl. The surface of each whorl above the angle is very slightly concave and ornamented by very faint revolving lines. The middle portion of each whorl has two very prominent revolving cord-like ribs with very narrow groove like interspaces. The anterior surface of the body whorl is sculptured with 13 revolving ribs which are less well defined than those upon the middle portion. The interspaces on lyhe ower portion are very narrow. The lines of growth are quite prominent and conforming to the outline of the posterior sinus. The suture is distinct. The aperture is sub-pyriform. The siphonal canal has a moderate length and is deeply channeled.

## Distribution

Fossils of this marine species were found in Oligocene strata in Washington, USA
# Obi Emmanuel Moneke

Obi Moneke (born November 2, 1983) is a Nigerian footballer.
Moneke was a member of Nigerian Beach Soccer National team in 2007 FIFA Beach Soccer World Cup.

## Club career

Moneke played for Armenian football club Kilikia F.C. for two seasons where he made 30 appearances and scored one goal.
Moneke moved to China and signed a contract with Henan Construction as an appendage of Polish striker Emmanuel Olisadebe in 2008. He scored his first CSL goal on 9 April to put Henan Construction 1-1 up against Dalian Shide.
# Brian Matthews (biochemist)

Brian W. Matthews is a biochemist and biophysicist educated at the University of Adelaide, contributor to x-ray crystallographic methodology at the University of Cambridge, and since 1970 at the University of Oregon as Professor of Physics and HHMI investigator in the Institute of Molecular Biology.
He created hundreds of mutants of T4 lysozyme (making it the most common structure in the PDB), determined their structure by x-ray crystallography and measured their melting temperatures. Starting from questions about the basis of "temperature-sensitive" mutations, his work has explicated much about the general energetic and structural effects of mutations in proteins. He also solved early structures of the thermophilic bacterial enzyme thermolysin, the helix-turn-helix DNA-binding transcription factor lambda Cro repressor, and the light-antenna bacteriochlorophyll protein.
Beyond his contributions to biochemistry, Matthews is also known in the machine learning community for the Matthews correlation coefficient, which he introduced in a paper in 1968. The coefficient is used as a measure of the quality of binary (two-class) classifications.
Matthews has been a member of the National Academy of Sciences since 1986. He was the editor of the scientific journal Protein Science.
# Alan Gillis

Alan Leslie Gillis (22 September 1936 – 6 May 2022) was an Irish Fine Gael politician and farmers' leader. He was president of the Irish Farmers' Association from 1990 to 1994. He was elected to the European Parliament at the 1994 European election for the Leinster constituency. He was a member of the Committee on Agriculture and Rural Development in the European Parliament.
He lost his seat at the 1999 European election to party running mate Avril Doyle. He stood unsuccessfully as a candidate at the 2007 general election in the Kildare South constituency.
He died on 6 May 2022.
# List of mayors of Terni

The mayor of Terni is an elected politician who, along with the Terni's city council, is accountable for the strategic government of Terni in Umbria, Italy. The current mayor is Stefano Bandecchi, a member of the centrist party Popular Alternative, who took office on 31 May 2023.

## Overview

According to the Italian Constitution, the mayor of Terni is member of the city council.
The mayor is elected by the population of Terni, who also elect the members of the city council, controlling the mayor's policy guidelines and is able to enforce his resignation by a motion of no confidence. The mayor is entitled to appoint and release the members of his government.
Since 1993 the mayor is elected directly by Terni's electorate: in all mayoral elections in Italy in cities with a population higher than 15,000 the voters express a direct choice for the mayor or an indirect choice voting for the party of the candidate's coalition. If no candidate receives at least 50% of votes, the top two candidates go to a second round after two weeks. The election of the City Council is based on a direct choice for the candidate with a preference vote: the candidate with the majority of the preferences is elected. The number of the seats for each party is determined proportionally.

## Italian Republic (since 1946)
### City Council election (1946-1993)

From 1946 to 1993, the mayor of Terni was elected by the City's council.
| | Mayor | Term start | Term end | Party |
| 1 | Comunardo Morelli | 1946 | 1948 | Italian Communist Party |
| 2 | Luigi Michiorri | 1948 | 1955 | Italian Communist Party |
| 3 | Emilio Secci | 1955 | 1958 | Italian Communist Party |
| 4 | Ezio Ottaviani | 1958 | 1970 | Italian Communist Party |
| 5 | Dante Sotgiu | 1970 | 1978 | Italian Communist Party |
| 6 | Giacomo Porrazzini | 1978 | 1990 | Italian Communist Party |
| 7 | Mario Todini | 1990 | 1993 | Italian Socialist Party |

### Direct election (since 1993)

Since 1993, under provisions of new local administration law, the mayor of Terni is chosen by direct election.
| | Mayor | Term start | Term end | Party |
| 8 | Gianfranco Ciaurro | 20 June 1993 | 11 May 1997 | Centre-right independent Forza Italia |
| 8 | Gianfranco Ciaurro | 11 May 1997 | 7 February 1999 | Centre-right independent Forza Italia |
| 9 | Paolo Raffaelli | 13 June 1999 | 12 June 2004 | Democrats of the Left Democratic Party |
| 9 | Paolo Raffaelli | 12 June 2004 | 22 June 2009 | Democrats of the Left Democratic Party |
| 10 | Leopoldo Di Girolamo | 22 June 2009 | 26 May 2014 | Democratic Party |
| 10 | Leopoldo Di Girolamo | 26 May 2014 | 22 February 2018 | Democratic Party |
| 11 | Leonardo Latini | 26 June 2018 | 31 May 2023 | Lega Nord |
| 12 | Stefano Bandecchi | 31 May 2023 | Incumbent | Popular Alternative |
# Joanna Kanska

Joanna Kanska (born 1 April 1957) is a Polish-British actress who has worked in film, television, theatre and radio. She migrated to the United Kingdom in 1984.

## Career

Born in Nowy Sącz, she attended the National Film School in Łódź from 1976 to 1980.
Kanska's best known roles on television were as a Polish academic, Grete Gretowska, in the second series of the BBC's A Very Peculiar Practice (1988) (and a sequel, A Very Polish Practice in 1992), as Ludmilla in The New Statesman, as Sirkka Nieminen in Capital City (1990) and as KGB Major Nina Grishna in the BBC's mini-series Sleepers (1991). Kanska starred as lawyer Magda Ostrowska in the BBC series Madson (1995–1996). She also played the part of Greta Beaumont, a Sudeten German woman, in the first episode of Foyle's War.

## Personal life

Shortly after her arrival in the UK, Kanska married Polish artist Kaz Kanski after a romance of a few weeks. They divorced five years later, but she retained her married name (the feminine version of Kanski).
# Joseph Henry Lynch

Joseph Henry Lynch (28 October 1911 – 16 January 1989) was a British artist, better known under his signature J.H. Lynch. His mass reproduced paintings of sultry women, especially Tina (1964) make him one of the protagonists of Mass Market Art. Nymph, Autumn Leaves and Woodland Goddess are some of his best known works, some of which are shown in the movie A Clockwork Orange by Stanley Kubrick and also on the cover of some European releases of the Edwyn Collins single, A Girl Like You.
# H. Nagasandra

Huduthi Nagasandra commonly known as H. Nagasandra is a village in the southern state of Karnataka, India. It is located in the Gauribidanur taluk of Chikkaballapura district in Karnataka. It is situated 7 km away from sub-district headquarter Gauribidanur and 42 km away from district headquarter Chikkaballapura.

## Demographics

According to Census 2011 information the location code or village code of H. Nagasandra village is 623247. H. Nagasandra belongs to Doddakurugodu Gram Panchayat.
The total geographical area of village is 742.5 hectares. H. Nagasandra has a total population of 3,189 peoples with 1,624 males and 1,565 females. There are about 720 houses in H. Nagasandra village. Gauribidanur is nearest town to H. Nagasandra which is approximately 7 km away.

## Economy

People belonging to the H. Nagasandra village grow very much maize, millet silk, etc. The major occupations of the residents of H. Nagasandra are dairy farming. The dairy cooperative is the largest individual milk supplying cooperative in the state.

## Facilities

H. Nagasandra has below types of facilities.
* Anganawadi Center
* Government higher primary School
* H. Nagasandra KMF (Karnataka Milk Federation) Dairy
* Post Office

## Temples

* Bharatha Matha temple
* sri Shanimahathma Swami Temple
* Universal Good News Church

## Notable people

* N. H. Shivashankara Reddy - Indian politician who is a Former Member of the Karnataka Legislative Assembly from the INC for Gauribidanur Taluk.
# Andrei Pătrănoiu

Marius Andrei Pătrănoiu (born 1 December 1993) is a Romanian footballer who plays for Urban Titu in the Liga IV.
# Lady Dongsanwon

Lady Dongsanwon of the Suncheon Pak clan (Korean: 동산원부인 박씨; Hanja: 東山院夫人 朴氏; lit. Lady of the Eastern Mountain Courtyard) was the eldest maternal granddaughter of Kyŏn Hwŏn and daughter of Pak Yŏng-gyu. She became the 18th wife of King Taejo of Goryeo and was the oldest, among Queen Mungong and Queen Munseong who both became Jeongjong's wives.
# Richmond Owusu

Richmond Owusu (born 2 February 2003) is a Ghanaian professional footballer who currently plays for Valmiera in the Latvian Higher League as a defender.

## Club career
### MŠK Žilina

Owusu made his Fortuna Liga debut for Žilina at pod Čebraťom against Ružomberok on 14 February 2022. Owusu came on to replace compatriot and international Benson Anang after 69 minutes of play. Žilina lost the game 5–1.