OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Vycor

Vycor is the brand name of Corning's high-silica, high-temperature glass. It provides very high thermal shock resistance. Vycor is approximately 96% silica and 4% boron trioxide, but unlike pure fused silica, it can be readily manufactured in a variety of shapes. Vycor can be subject to prolonged usage at 900 °C.
Vycor products are made by a multi-step process. First, a relatively soft alkali-borosilicate glass is melted and formed by typical glassworking techniques into the desired shape. This is heat-treated, which causes the material to separate into two intermingled "phases" with distinct chemical compositions. One phase is rich in alkali and boric oxide and can be easily dissolved in acid. The other phase is mostly silica, which is insoluble. The glass object is then soaked in a hot acid solution, which leaches away the soluble glass phase, leaving an object which is mostly silica. At this stage, the glass is porous. Finally, the object is heated to more than 1200 °C, which consolidates the porous structure, making the object shrink slightly and become non-porous. The finished material is classified as a "reconstructed glass".
For some applications the final step is skipped, leaving the glass porous. Such glass has a high affinity for water and makes an excellent getter for water vapour. It is widely used in science and engineering.
Vycor has an extremely low coefficient of thermal expansion, just one quarter that of Pyrex. This property makes the material suitable for use in applications that demand very high dimensional stability, such as metrology instruments, and for products that need to withstand high thermal-shock loads. Vycor also has ultraviolet transmission to about 250 nm and is used in some germicidal lamps. Based on a reference thickness of 1mm, Vycor glass has an approximately 90% transmission spectra from ~300 nm to 3100 nm.
Immersing the porous glass in certain chemical solutions before the final consolidation step produces a colored glass that can withstand high temperatures without degrading. This is used for colored glass filters for various applications.
Corning manufactures Vycor products for high-temperature applications, such as evaporating dishes.
Porous vycor is a prototypical matrix material for the study of confined liquid physics.
Vycor can also be used for removal of $^{231}$Pa and $^{233}$Pa in fuel recycling.
# Elizabeth Keates

Elizabeth Keates (born 12 June) is a British actress. She was born in Otley, West Yorkshire, England. She was educated at Benton Park School and after A-Levels Elizabeth left Leeds to study at The Academy of Live and Recorded Arts (ALRA) drama school in London. Since then her theatre credits have included performances at the Old Vic and the Stephen Joseph. Elizabeth achieved critical acclaim for her role as Ophelia at the Dukes Theatre Lancaster.
After graduating from ALRA, Keates set up LK Productions Theatre Company, which produced 5 annual touring productions, employing over 30 actors.
Alongside her role as Artistic Director of LK Productions, Keates continued working as an actress; for the BBC on Slave Island, (the story of the African Burial Ground) Chariot Queen, in which she played the title role, Blood of the Vikings and Meet the Ancestors - Bones in a Barnyard. It was on the filming of this BBC programme that Keates met her husband, Broadway actor Mark Rawlings, the couple now have a daughter, Willow Darcie, born February 2010.
Film work includes Boudica (Indigo Films L.A) and the award winning film The Tomb Robbery Papyrus: notes of a past, which opened in London on 17 April 2011. Keates's name can be found in the records held at the British Film Catalogue for her work with White Lyon Films.
In 2011 Keates starred in the York Theatre Royal production of The Railway Children (The Mike Kenny (writer) adaptation) playing opposite Marshall Lancaster in the role of Mrs Perks. This was performed live at Waterloo International railway station, and the production won an Olivier Award for 'Best Entertainment' in 2011. Elizabeth had previously worked with director Damian Cruden at York Theatre Royal in Pygmalion.
In July 2012 Keates reprised her role as Mrs Perks in The Railway Children playing opposite Marcus Brigstoke and Mark Benton.
# Disfrutar

Disfrutar is a restaurant in Barcelona with three Michelin stars.
In 2023 it was ranked second in the world by Restaurant magazine; in 2024 it was ranked first.
The chefs met while working at El Bulli.
# Tuli Leʻiato

Paramount Chief Tuli Leʻiato (November 17, 1917 – October 5, 1983) of Fagaʻitua, was an American Fa'amatai leader and politician on the Islands of Tutuila, and Aunu'u in American Samoa. In addition to his Fa'a Samoa title he was sworn in on June 21, 1963, as the Secretary of Samoan Affairs under Governor H. Rex Lee. A letter written by Paramount Chief Tuli Le'ato on September 7, 1962, to President Kennedy is on permanent display in the John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum.
Immediately after Leʻiato's death, the Le'iato title was passed on to his son Tuli Tupua Le'iato.
The royal title Le'iato is second only to King (Tui) of Manuʻa of American Samoa.
Tuli Le'iato is the ancestor to many prominent Samoan figures including multimedia activist and award-winning filmmaker Queen Muhammad Ali, and Oregon Duck's Football Linebacker Fotu T. Leiato II.
# Bunkers Hill, Victoria

Bunkers Hill is a locality on the southern rural fringe of the City of Ballarat in Victoria, Australia. At the 2021 census, Bunkers Hill had a population of 270.
Bunker's Hill was originally a gold rush settlement, and diggings there opened up c. 1859. The locality was previously known as Kopke and Trunk Lead. A two–room state school at Bunker's Hill was active in the early 19th century but burned down in a 1934 fire.
Greenhalgh's Tannery, one of the few remaining in Australia, is located on Greenhalghs Road. The family–owned vegetable tannery was founded in 1865 during the gold rush. It is the only Australian tannery still using the traditional methods, such as wattle bark. They enjoy a reliable source of income through high-end saddlery. However, they could become threatened by recent housing developments on farmland and tighter regulations. Sago Hill Mine, off Trunk Lead Road, is listed on the Victorian Heritage Inventory as a former mine shaft.
# Əmirxanlı, Zangilan

38°56′15″N 46°35′30″E﻿ / ﻿38.93750°N 46.59167°E﻿ / 38.93750; 46.59167
Əmirxanlı (also, Amirkhanly and Emirkhanly) is a village in the Zangilan Rayon of Azerbaijan.
# Mohamed Hassan (footballer, born 1993)

Mohamed Hassan (Arabic: محمد حسن, born 3 October 1993) is an Egyptian professional footballer who plays as a defensive midfielder for Egyptian Premier League club Zamalek.

## Honours

Zamalek
* Saudi-Egyptian Super Cup: 2018
* CAF Confederation Cup : 2018–19
* Egypt Cup: 2018–2019
* Egyptian Super Cup: 2019–20
* CAF Super Cup: 2020
# Thomas Lewknor (MP for Midhurst)

Thomas Lewknor (c. 1538 – July 1596), of Tangmere; later of Selsey, Sussex, was an English politician.
He was born the eldest son of Edmund Lewknor of Tangmere and the brother of Richard Lewknor. He was educated at the Middle Temple.
He held a number of public commissions and was elected a Member (MP) of the Parliament of England for Midhurst in 1586.
He married twice;firstly Bridget, the daughter of John Lewes of Selsey, with whom he had 5 sons, including Lewes Lewknor and Samuel Lewkenor His second wife was Anne, the daughter of Richard Hill, serjeant of the cellar to Henry VIII and the widow of John Bellingham of Eringham.
# Count Gedney

Alfred W. "Count" Gedney (May 10, 1849 – March 26, 1922), was an American professional baseball player. During four seasons in the National Association of Professional Base Ball Players, 1872 to 1875, he played left field for four teams, the Troy Haymakers, Brooklyn Eckfords, New York Mutuals, and Philadelphia Athletics.
That service makes Gedney a "major leaguer". In 1870 he had been regular left fielder for the Union club of Morrisania, Bronx, one of fifteen professional teams, in the old Association, during its last season.

## Sources

* Career statistics from Baseball Reference
* Wright, Marshall (2000). The National Association of Base Ball Players, 1857-1870. Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Co. ISBN 0-7864-0779-4.
* This biographical article relating to a baseball left fielder is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Canonical map

In mathematics, a canonical map, also called a natural map, is a map or morphism between objects that arises naturally from the definition or the construction of the objects. Often, it is a map which preserves the widest amount of structure. A choice of a canonical map sometimes depends on a convention (e.g., a sign convention).
A closely related notion is a structure map or structure morphism; the map or morphism that comes with the given structure on the object. These are also sometimes called canonical maps.
A canonical isomorphism is a canonical map that is also an isomorphism (i.e., invertible). In some contexts, it might be necessary to address an issue of choices of canonical maps or canonical isomorphisms; for a typical example, see prestack.
For a discussion of the problem of defining a canonical map see Kevin Buzzard's talk at the 2022 Grothendieck conference.

## Examples

* If N is a normal subgroup of a group G, then there is a canonical surjective group homomorphism from G to the quotient group G / N, that sends an element g to the coset determined by g.
* If I is an ideal of a ring R, then there is a canonical surjective ring homomorphism from R onto the quotient ring R / I, that sends an element r to its coset I + r.
* If V is a vector space, then there is a canonical map from V to the second dual space of V, that sends a vector v to the linear functional f$_v$ defined by f$_v$(λ) = λ(v).
* If f: R → S is a homomorphism between commutative rings, then S can be viewed as an algebra over R. The ring homomorphism f is then called the structure map (for the algebra structure). The corresponding map on the prime spectra f$^*$: Spec(S) → Spec(R) is also called the structure map.
* If E is a vector bundle over a topological space X, then the projection map from E to X is the structure map.
* In topology, a canonical map is a function f mapping a set X → X / R (X mod R), where R is an equivalence relation on X, that takes each x in X to the equivalence class [x] mod R.
# Elmar Brandt

Elmar Brandt is a German impressionist, best known for his imitations of politicians. He was born in Düsseldorf.
His most famous series is The Gerd Show, in which actual events are lampooned using an imitation of former German chancellor Gerhard Schröder. The Gerd Show was broadcast between 1999 and 2005 as a short daily comedy on various radio programmes. Other politicians and celebrities Brandt has imitated include former Minister-President of Bavaria Edmund Stoiber, Reiner Calmund, the late President Johannes Rau, Dieter Bohlen, Marcel Reich-Ranicki and ex-Foreign Minister Joschka Fischer; he also provided voices for the remake of German satirical puppet show Hurra Deutschland (the puppets of which were also used in the Gerd Show music videos).
Together with Peter Burtz, he also recorded various satirical songs, including "Steuersong" (2002).

## Awards

* 1998 - Axel-Springer-Preis
# List of Hartford Whalers/Carolina Hurricanes general managers

The Carolina Hurricanes are an American professional ice hockey team based in Raleigh, North Carolina. They play in the Metropolitan Division of the Eastern Conference in the National Hockey League (NHL). The team joined the NHL in 1979, as an expansion team as the Hartford Whalers, but moved to Raleigh, North Carolina in 1997. Having first played at the Greensboro Coliseum, the Hurricanes have played their home games at the PNC Arena, which was first named the Raleigh Entertainment & Sports Arena, since 1999. There have been ten general managers in franchise history since entering the NHL.

## Key

Key of terms and definitions :
| Term | Definition |
| No. | Number of general managers |
| Ref(s) | References |
| – | Does not apply |
| † | Elected to the Hockey Hall of Fame in the Builder category |

## General managers

General managers of the Carolina Hurricanes franchise :
| No. | Name | Tenure | Accomplishments during this term |
| – | Jack Kelley | April 1, 1972 – December 26, 1975 | Won Avco World Trophy (1972–73) |
| – | Ron Ryan | December 26, 1975 – May 5, 1977 | |
| 1 | Jack Kelley | May 5, 1977 – April 2, 1981 | 1 playoff appearance |
| 2 | Larry Pleau | April 2, 1981 – May 2, 1983 | No playoff appearances |
| 3 | Emile Francis† | May 2, 1983 – May 11, 1989 | 1 division title and 4 playoff appearances |
| 4 | Ed Johnston | May 11, 1989 – May 12, 1992 | 3 playoff appearances |
| 5 | Brian Burke | May 26, 1992 – October 6, 1993 | No playoff appearances |
| 6 | Paul Holmgren | October 6, 1993 – June 28, 1994 | No playoff appearances |
| 7 | Jim Rutherford† | June 28, 1994 – April 28, 2014 | Won Stanley Cup 1 time in 2 finals appearances (2002, 2006) 2 conference titles, 3 division titles, and 5 playoff appearances |
| 8 | Ron Francis | April 28, 2014 – March 7, 2018 | No playoff appearances |
| 9 | Don Waddell | May 8, 2018 – May 24, 2024 | 3 division titles, 6 playoff appearances |
| 10 | Eric Tulsky | May 24, 2024 – present | |
# Lauren Bittner

Lauren Bittner is an American actress.

## Life and career

Bittner was born in New York City. She is best known for her role as Julie in Paranormal Activity 3. Bittner has also appeared in The Thing About My Folks, Flannel Pajamas, Gardener of Eden, Bride Wars, The Mighty Macs, and Subject: I Love You.
Bittner was cast as a series regular on the Lifetime drama series Secret Lives of Wives.

## Filmography

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 2004 | Third Watch | Amber | Episode: "Purgatory" |
| 2005 | The Thing About My Folks | Baseball Cutie | |
| 2006 | Lovebites | Katie | |
| 2006 | Nobody's Watching | Jill Nolan | TV pilot |
| 2006 | Flannel Pajamas | Amanda | |
| 2006 | Law & Order: Criminal Intent | Amanda Breen | Episode: "Wasichu" |
| 2007 | Spellbound | Alex | TV pilot |
| 2007 | The Black Donnellys | Mary Ann Maxwell | 2 episodes |
| 2007 | Gardener of Eden | Laura | |
| 2009 | Bride Wars | Amie | |
| 2009 | Once More with Feeling | Susan | |
| 2009 | The Mighty Macs | Mary Margaret O'Malley | |
| 2010 | Worn | Emma | Short film |
| 2011 | Subject: I Love You | Rena | |
| 2011 | Paranormal Activity 3 | Julie | |
| 2012 | Blue Bloods | Alyssa Mulrow | Episode: "Risk and Reward" |
| 2013 | The Secret Lives of Wives | Jessie | |
| 2013–2014 | Hart of Dixie | Vivian Wilkes | 12 episodes |
| 2021 | Unknown Dimension: The Story of Paranormal Activity | Herself | Documentary film |
# Fotografía (Juanes and Nelly Furtado song)

"Fotografía" (English: Photograph) is a song recorded by Juanes and Nelly Furtado for Juanes' second studio album, Un Día Normal (2002).
The duet, which was followed by another ("Te Busqué" on Furtado's 2006 studio album, Loose), was extremely commercially successful: it reached number one on the U.S. Billboard Hot Latin Tracks chart.
In 2012 Juanes recorded a new duet with Emanuela Bellezza for inclusion on the Deluxe Edition of his album Juanes MTV Unplugged.

## Remixes

* "Fotografia" (Hessler's Remix)
* "Fotografia" (Hessler's Radio Remix)
* "Fotografia" (DJ Enzo Remix)
* "Fotografia" (Gianina Mix)
* "Fotografia" (Base Mix)
* "Fotografia" (ON Remix)

## Other versions

* "Fotografia" (Instrumental Version)

## Chart performance

| Chart (2003) | Peak position |
| Mexico (Monitor Latino) | 2 |
| US Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles (Billboard) | 16 |
| US Hot Latin Songs (Billboard) | 1 |
| US Latin Pop Airplay (Billboard) | 1 |

## Certifications

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| United States (RIAA) | 6× Platinum (Latin) | 360,000$^‡$ |
| $^‡$ Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone. |||
# Mohamed Helal

Mohamed Helal (8 October 1995) is an Egyptian professional football player who currently plays for Egyptian Premier League club National Bank of Egypt as a midfielder.

## Club career

Helal made his professional debut at 3 December 2014 against SV Zulte Waregem in a 2-1 away defeat in the Belgian Cup. He played the full game.
# Seacoast Church

Seacoast is a non-denominational evangelical multi-site megachurch based in Mount Pleasant, South Carolina, a suburb of Charleston. It has thirteen different locations around South Carolina and North Carolina. It is a member of the Association of Related Churches, a church-planting organization. Its senior pastor is Josh Surratt.

## History

The church began in February 1988 with 100 people meeting in an apartment clubhouse by Greg Surratt and a team from Northwood Assembly, another large church in North Charleston. In April of the same year the first 'public' meetings were held in a rented theater with a vision for reaching out to the unchurched people of the Charleston area. The church grew quickly with its contemporary worship style and support from its mother church, Northwood Assembly.
In 2002, the church had over 3,000 people attending weekly services, leading them to request permits to expand their facilities with local officials. The town of Mount Pleasant denied all requests, however. The church then began to use a video feed to show sermons to an off-site location. This was so successful that Seacoast began to open other "satellite" facilities throughout the Charleston metropolitan area and throughout the state and now in North Carolina.
In 2007, it opened a Dream Center.
In 2019, it dedicated a new building in Mount Pleasant including a 2,500-seat auditorium.
In 2023, the church claimed to have a weekly attendance of 14,000 people and had opened 13 campuses in different cities.

## Beliefs

Seacoast is a non-denominational Christian church and states its "sole basis for [its] belief is the Bible." The statement of faith is Trinitarian and states that the Bible is infallible. The statement affirms the belief that Jesus Christ "lived a sinless life on earth and voluntarily paid for our sin by dying on the cross as our substitute." and that "He rose from the dead and is the only mediator between us and God."
# Dick McBride (baseball)

John Dickson "Dick" McBride (June 14, 1847—January 20, 1916) was an American Major League Baseball player from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, who was the star pitcher and the player-manager for the Philadelphia Athletics of the National Association from 1871 through most of 1875 until Cap Anson took over as player-manager for the remaining eight games of the season. He had a pitching record of 149 wins and 74 losses during that period. In 1871, he went 18-5 and led Philadelphia to the NA championship. McBride finished his major league career in 1876 when he was signed by the Boston Red Stockings of the National League after the Association failed. He had a record of 0-4 before his career came to an end. McBride died in Philadelphia at the age of 70, and is interred at Lawnview Cemetery in Rockledge, Pennsylvania.
In 1864, while serving in the Union Army during the Civil War, he was allowed to take a 3-day furlough to participate in a series of baseball exhibitions between clubs from Brooklyn and the local Philadelphia clubs. It was during this time that the north's attention had turned to military defense, not baseball, so Brooklyn strategically scheduled these events hoping to take advantage of the situation to get some well sought after wins in "enemy" territory. The presence of McBride didn't do much, as all Philly teams were beaten soundly.
# Mattheva

Mattheva is a class of prehistoric mollusc from the late Cambrian, which might be better incorporated in a different class. It was erected to accommodate chiton-like organisms such as Matthevia. Although questionable, phosphatic fossils have been included in this class, even though molluscs do not use phosphate in their bodies.
# With You (Tony Terry song)

"With You" is a song performed by American contemporary R&B singer Tony Terry; issued as the second single from his eponymous second studio album. The song is his only hit to date on the Billboard Hot 100, peaking at #14 on the chart in 1991.

## Music video

The official music video for "With You" was produced by Anita Baker and directed by Blair Underwood.

## Chart positions

| Chart (1991) | Peak position |
| US Billboard Hot 100 | 14 |
| US Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Singles & Tracks (Billboard) | 6 |
# Chahar Bid

Chahar Bid (Persian: چهاربيد) may refer to:
* Chahar Bid-e Sartang, Fars Province
* Chahar Bid, North Khorasan
* Chahar Bid, Razavi Khorasan
* Chahar Bid, Sistan and Baluchestan
# Mostafa Mansour

Mostafa Mansour (born 4 March 1989, Giza) is an Egyptian sprint canoeist. At the 2012 Summer Olympics, he was the first Egyptian sprint canoeist who qualified to Olympics in the history. He competed in the Men's K-1 200 and 1000 metres, finishing seventh in both of his heats.
biological information
# Hierarchy of the sciences

The hierarchy of the sciences is a theory formulated by Auguste Comte in the 19th century. This theory states that science develops over time beginning with the simplest and most general scientific discipline, astronomy, which is the first to reach the "positive stage" (one of three in Comte's law of three stages). As one moves up the "hierarchy", this theory further states that sciences become more complex and less general, and that they will reach the positive stage later. Disciplines further up the hierarchy are said to depend more on the developments of their predecessors; the highest discipline on the hierarchy are the social sciences. According to this theory, there are higher levels of consensus and faster rates of advancement in physics and other natural sciences than there are in the social sciences.

## Evidence

Research has shown that, after controlling for the number of hypotheses being tested, positive results are 2.3 times more likely in the social sciences than in the physical sciences. It has also been found that the degree of scientific consensus is highest in the physical sciences, lowest in the social sciences, and intermediate in the biological sciences. Dean Simonton argues that a composite measure of the scientific status of disciplines ranks psychology much closer to biology than to sociology.
# Joe Junior

Joe Junior (born Jose Maria Rodrigues Jr.) is a Hong Kong English pop singer from Macau who as active during the 1960s. He has since been in a number of TVB drama series in the 1990s and 2000s playing older character roles. He has regularly appeared on TV music programs as a host and performer. Some of his notable singles are: Here's a Heart, Deborah, Voice of Love, The End, and I Got To Find a Cupid.
Rodrigues' family is from Macau and is of Macanese (mixed Chinese and Portuguese) ancestry.

## Filmography

* Security Unlimited (1981)
* Cageman (1992)
* SDU'97 "特種飛虎" (1997)
* The Duke of Mount Deer (1998)
* Bishonen (1998)
* Feminine Masculinity (1999)
* War of the Genders (2000)
* Gods of Honour (2001)
* Troublesome Night 14 (2002)
* The 'W' Files (2003)
* Ups and Downs in the Sea of Love (2003)
* The Conqueror's Story (2004)
* D.I.E. (2008)
* No Regrets (2010)
* Ghetto Justice (2011)
* When Heaven Burns (2011-2012)
* L'Escargot (2012)
* Master of Play (2012)
* Bullet Brain (2013)
* A Change of Heart (2013)
* Awfully Lawful (2013)
* Sniper Standoff (2013)
* Return of the Silver Tongue (2013-2014)
* Line Walker (2014)
* All That Is Bitter Is Sweet (2014)
* Noblesse Oblige (2014-2015)
* Smooth Talker (2015)
* Ghost of Relativity (2015)
* Every Step You Take (2015)
* Speed of Life (2016)
* Buddy Cops (2016)