OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Alexei Borisovich Aleksandrov

Alexei Borisovich Aleksandrov, (Алексей Борисович Александров, born 23 December 1954) is a Russian mathematician, specializing in mathematical analysis.
Aleksandrov received in 1979 his Russian candidate degree (Ph.D.) from the Leningrad State University under Victor Havin with thesis Hardy Classes H$^p$ for p∈(0,1) (Rational Approximation, Backward Shift Operator, Cauchy-Stieltjes Type Integral (title translated from the Russian). In 1984 he received his Russian doctorate (higher doctoral degree) and is now a professor at the Steklov Institute of Mathematics.
His research deals with, among other topics, function theory in the unit ball, Hardy spaces, shift operators, and Hadamard gap series.
In 1982 he received the Salem Prize. In 1986 he was an Invited Speaker at the ICM in Berkeley, California.

## Selected publications

(with English translations of Russian titles)
* Gap series and pseudocontinuations. An arithmetic approach, Algebra i Analiz, vol. 9, 1997, pp. 3–31
* Function theory in the ball, Itogi Nauki i Tekhniki. Ser. Sovrem. Probl. Mat. Fund. Napr., vol. 8, 1985, pp. 115–190
* Inner functions on compact spaces, Functional Analysis and Applications, vol. 18, 1984, pp. 1-13
* The existence of inner functions in the ball, Mat. Sbornik, vol. 118, 1982, pp. 147–163
* Spectral subspaces of L$^p$ for p < 1, Algebra i Analiz, tom 19 (2007), nomer 3. trans. in: St. Petersburg Math. J. vol. 19, 2008, pp. 327–374 doi:10.1090/S1061-0022-08-01001-7
* with V. V. Peller: Functions of perturbed dissipative operators, Algebra i Analiz, tom 23 (2011), nomer 2. trans. in: St. Petersburg Math. J. vol. 23, 2012, pp. 209–238 doi:10.1090/S1061-0022-2012-01194-5
# Marjorie MacFarlane

Marjorie Giffen MacFarlane (1904–1973) was a British physiologist and biochemist known for her research into anaerobic infection.

## Life

She was born in Hartlepool in 1904. She gained a BSc in physiology from the University of St Andrews in 1926, and then a DSc from the University of London.
MacFarlane then joined the staff of the Lister Institute of Preventative Medicine. She served as secretary of the Anaerobic Wound Infections sub-committee there and was a prolific researcher and publisher of scientific articles, including discovering and characterising several toxins for the first time. One of her most significant discoveries came in 1941 when, along with her colleague B.C.J.G. Knight, she isolated the toxin of Clostridium welchii and showed that it was an enzyme. This was the first time it had been demonstrated that a toxin could attack cell membranes in this way, and opened up the possibility of developing an anti-toxin to combat this bacterium, which had been one of the main causes of gas gangrene in World War I.
Along with her colleagues Harriette Chick and Margaret Hume, she published a history of the Lister Institute in 1971.
She died suddenly in Hartlepool on 17 July 1973.
# Philinna

Philinna (Greek: Φίλιννα) or Philine (Greek: Φιλίνη) was the name of many Greek females, as, for instance, of the female dancer Philinna of Larissa in Thessaly, who was the mother of Philip III Arrhidaeus by Philip II. A first-century-BC papyrus fragment, the Philinna Papyrus, preserves a spell to cure headaches attributed to one Philinna the Thessalian. It was also the name of the mother of the poet Theocritus (Ep. 3). The name occurs in Aristophanes' drama The Clouds. In the eighteenth century Goethe used it for a character in his novel Wilhelm Meister's Apprenticeship.
# Rila Mukherjee

Rila Mukherjee is a historian and author. She is a professor at the University of Hyderabad. She is a scholar of Indian Ocean studies.

## Early life and education

Mukherjee's father, Ramkrishna Mukherjee, and mother, Prabhati Mukherjee, were academics.
Mukherjee completed her PhD from the School for Advanced Studies in the Social Sciences.

## Career

Mukherjee taught history at Jadavpur University from 1992 to 2007. She joined the University of Hyderabad in 2007. She is a fellow of the Centre for Studies in Social Sciences, Calcutta. She is a staff member of the International Institute for Asian Studies. She is the editor of the Asian Review of World Histories published by the Asian Association of World Historians.
# Seven Witches

Seven Witches is an American heavy metal band from New Jersey, founded in 1998 by Jack Frost and Bobby Lucas.

## History

Seven Witches released a demo-CD in 1998, which resulted in them signing a record deal with Massacre Records. The first two CDs for Massacre, Second War in Heaven and City of Lost Souls, featured vocalist Bobby Lucas. Lucas was the one who named the band and wrote the lyrics with Frost. Lucas left the band in 2000 and was replaced with former Crimson Glory singer Wade Black. With Black on vocals, the band recorded their third studio album Xiled to Infinity and One.
Black left the band in 2002 and was replaced with James Rivera (Helstar). Bass guitar player Billy Mez also left the band in 2002, continuing on with Single Bullet Theory, and was replaced by Joey Vera who has played in Anthrax and Armored Saint. Rivera recorded two albums with the band, Passage to the Other Side and Year of the Witch. He left the band in 2005 to continue with his main project, Helstar. In June 2005, singer Alan Tecchio (best known for his work with the band Hades) joined the band and they recorded their sixth studio album, Amped. Tecchio joined the band after singing on "Hell or High Water", a song for Jack Frost solo project. Frost, satisfied with Tecchio's vocals, asked him to join the band. Shortly after that, Kevin Bolembach also joined as Seven Witches' new bass player. Bolembach and Tecchio had played together in Non-Fiction from 1991 to 1996.
Seven Witches released Deadly Sins in 2007. Former bass player Vera mixed the album. Subsequently, they reunited with vocalist Rivera for a tour and a new album titled Call Upon The Wicked which was released on June 28, 2011.

## Discography
### Studio albums

* Second War in Heaven (1999), Massacre
* City of Lost Souls (2000), Massacre
* Xiled to Infinity and One (2002), Noise
* Passage to the Other Side (2003), Noise/Sanctuary
* Year of the Witch (2004), Noise
* Amped (2005), Regain
* Deadly Sins (2007), Locomotive
* Call Upon the Wicked (2011), Massacre
* Rebirth (2013), FrostMetal
* The Way of the Wicked (2015), Ils

### Live albums

* Years of the Witch (2006), Locomotive

## Members
### Current members

* Jack Frost – guitars (1998–present)
* James Rivera – vocals (2002–2005; 2008–2011; 2019–present)
* Jeff Curenton – drums (2004–2006; 2019–present)
* Dennis Hayes – bass (2004–2005; 2019–present)

### Former members

* Bobby Lucas – vocals (1998–2000)
* Wade Black – vocals (2000–2002)
* Alan Tecchio – vocals (2005–2008; 2011–2012)
* Billy Mez – bass (1998–2002)
* Joey Vera – bass (2002–2004)
* Kevin Bolembach – bass (2005–2008)
* Mike LePond – bass (2008–2011)
* Brian Vincent – drums (1998–2000)
* John Osborn – drums (2000–2001)
* Brian Craig – drums (2001–2004)
* Steve Delaney – drums (2006–2007)
* Taz Marazz – drums (2011–2012)
* Anthony Cross A.K.A Anthony Regalbuto – vocals (2012–2019)
* Ronnie Parkes – bass (2012–2019)
* Johnny Kelly – drums (2012–2019)
# Betton-Bettonet

Betton-Bettonet is a commune in the Savoie department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region in south-eastern France.

## Geography
### Climate

According to a 2010 study by the French National Centre for Scientific Research, the commune is situated in a "mountain margins climate". In 2020, Météo-France published its own typology of French climates in which it categorized the commune's climate as a mountain climate or mountain margins climate within the Northern Alps climate region.
From 1971 to 2000, the average annual temperature was 11.3 °C (52.3 °F), with an annual range of 18.8 °C (65.8 °F). The average annual rainfall was 1,364 millimetres (53.7 in), with 9.9 days of rainfall in January and 8.5 days of rainfall in July.
* Map of the commune's infrastructure and land use in 2018
* Satellite image of the commune
# Joan Charmant

Joan Charmant (born 4 June 1978 in Bordeaux) is a retired French high jumper.
He finished fifth at the 2002 European Indoor Championships and won the silver medal at the 2003 Summer Universiade He also competed at the 2004 World Indoor Championships without reaching the final.
Charmant became French champion in 2003 and French indoor champion in 2004. His personal best was 2.24 metres, achieved in July 2003 in Narbonne. Indoors he had 2.28 metres, achieved in February 2004 in Aubière.
# Goldis Tower

Goldis Tower (aka Borj-e Goldis ) (Persian: برج گلدیس) is a shopping center located in the commercial district of Sadeghiyeh (Aryashahr) in west of Tehran, Iran. It is a 13-floors building among which 3 first floors are commercial and the upper 10 floors serve as office use.
* This Iran-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Bell X-16

The Bell X-16 was a high altitude aerial reconnaissance jet aircraft designed in the United States in the 1950s. The designation of X-16 was a cover to try to hide the true nature of the aircraft mission from the Soviet Union during the Cold War.

## Development

During the second half of 1953, Fairchild, Bell, and Martin Aircraft conducted high altitude reconnaissance aircraft design studies for the United States Air Force under project MX-2147. All three designs used Pratt & Whitney J57-19 turbojets. The Bell and Martin (B-57D) designs were chosen for further development. The Bell Model 67 design was designated the X-16. A full-scale mock-up was completed and one aircraft was partially completed. It was designed as a high altitude long-range reconnaissance aircraft.
The X-16 design was breaking new ground with its design. Its wing was long 114 ft 10 in (35.00 m) with a high (11.9) aspect ratio. The structure was significantly lighter and more flexible than usual for jet aircraft wings. The entire aircraft was made as light as possible to achieve its intended 3,000-mile unrefueled range at 69,500 ft (21,200 m).
A total of 28 aircraft were ordered, but none were completed. The first X-16 was about 80 percent complete when the program was cancelled by the Air Force in favor of the Martin RB-57 in 1956. Although no X-16 was ever completed, it made contributions to aircraft design with its lightweight design. It was also a driving force behind the development of the high-altitude versions of the J57 that would later power the Lockheed U-2 and other aircraft.

## Specifications (X-16, as designed)

Data from
General characteristics
* Crew: one, pilot
* Length: 60 ft 10 in (18.55 m)
* Wingspan: 114 ft 10 in (35 m)
* Height: 17 ft 1 in (5.2 m)
* Wing area: 1,099 sq ft (102.19 m$^2$)
* Empty weight: 23,280 lb (10,582 kg)
* Gross weight: 36,124 lb (16,420 kg)
* Powerplant: 2 × Pratt & Whitney J57-PW-37A turbojets, 10,000 lbf (44 kN) thrust each
Performance
* Maximum speed: 480 kn (553 mph, 885 km/h)
* Range: 2,867 nmi (3,319 mi, 5,310 km)
* Service ceiling: 71,832 ft (21,900 m)
* Wing loading: 33 lb/sq ft (160 kg/m$^2$)
* Thrust/weight: 0.55
# 2017 Independence Cup (Albania)

2017 Independence Cup (Albanian: 2017 Kupa Pavarësia) is the 9th edition of the football tournament Independence Cup. It was held in the annual anniversary of Albanian Flag Day. The participants were Albanian team Tirana, Macedonian club Struga (replacing Shkëndija), Montenegrin club Otrant and Kosovan club Liria (replacing Besa).
Struga won the tournament after penalty shoot-out.
# Dorothy Grebenak

Dorothy Grebenak (June 3, 1913 – June 13, 1990) was an American pop artist. Largely self-taught, she is known for her large, hand-hooked wool rugs of familiar subjects, such as baseball trading cards, Tide boxes, and dollar bills.

## Bio

Grebenak was born in Oxford, Nebraska of Irish descent. Her husband Louis, also an artist, was a Works Progress Administration printmaker who later turned to Hard-edge painting. The couple lived in Park Slope, Brooklyn until 1971. Grebenak taught high school and studied dance. By 1948 she was making rugs which she initially sold in the shop at the Brooklyn Museum. Her hooked rugs differed from contemporary craft artists' fiber art in two significant ways: first, their pop imagery made them more fine than folk art; second, they were intended not for use on the floor, but to be hung on the wall as a painting would be.
In 1963 and 1964, Grebenak had two solo exhibitions at Allan Stone Gallery, through which her rugs entered the private collections of major art collectors, including Nelson Rockefeller, Albert and Vera List, William and Norma Copley, Carter Burden, and John and Kimiko Powers. Her work was featured in various group exhibitions and was included in the Milwaukee Art Museum's Pop Art and the American Tradition exhibition in 1965. Her work was featured in a leading national magazine in the late sixties, with an illustration of her "Man-hole cover" rug. She wove a blanket and small rugs as gifts to her grand nephew and grand nieces. She used wool colored with natural dyes.
Despite her modest critical and commercial success at mid-century, Grebenak all but disappeared from the art world soon thereafter. Many of her rugs, too, have either vanished or fallen apart over time. After her husband's death in 1971, she relocated to London where she died in 1990.
# Lucy Calista Morgan

Lucy Calista Morgan (1889–1981) was an American weaver and teacher. She is known for creating the cottage industry in North Carolina that would eventually become the Penland School of Craft. Morgan is considered an important part of the American Craft Revival that flourished in the first half of the 20th century.

## Biography

Morgan was born on September 20, 1889, in Macon County, North Carolina, one of nine children. She attended Central Michigan Normal School and Business Institute, graduating in 1915. She went on to teach in Michigan, Illinois, and Montana. For a time She was in Chicago, attending classes at the University of Chicago and working at the Children's Bureau of Chicago. While in Chicago Morgan learned about Hull House and the settlement movement.
In 1920 Morgan returned to North Carolina, where she took over supervision of the Appalachian Industrial School from her brother Rufus. She became interested in the traditional weaving in the area, inspired by a traditional Cat Track and Snail Trail pattern created by Susan Phillips. Morgan then took weaving classes at Berea College. While in Berea, North Carolina, Morgan purchased several looms, which were shipped to Penland. In the mid-1920s Morgan founded the Penland School of Handicraft, now the Penland School of Craft.
Morgan was a successful advocate of Appalachian crafts, adding pottery to the crafts produced. The crafts enjoyed good sales through the Great Depression. In 1933 Morgan organized an exhibition and sale at the Century of Progress World's Fair in Chicago. In 1934 Morgan represented the Southern Mountain Handicraft Guild at the International Exhibition of Folk Arts in Berne, Switzerland.
Morgan retired in 1962. She died on July 3, 1981, in Webster, North Carolina.
# John Bogle (artist)

John Bogle (c. 1744 – 21 April 1803) was a Scottish miniature painter.

## Biography

Bogle was the son of an excise officer also called John. He attended classes at a drawing school in Glasgow founded in 1753 by the printers and booksellers Robert and Andrew Foulis.
Bogle married in 1769, and in that year and the next exhibited miniatures at the Society of Artists in London from an address in Edinburgh. He then moved to London, exhibiting at the Royal Academy from 1772 to 1794, including a self-portrait of 1772. His address is given throughout this time as 1, Panton Square. He painted a miniature of the novelist Fanny Burney in June 1783, and in 1790 he accompanied her to the trial of Warren Hastings in Westminster Hall.
He moved back to Scotland in 1800 with his wife. He died in Edinburgh in 1803, aged 59.
# Internet Ungovernance Forum

The Internet Ungovernance Forum (IUF) is an open forum for dialogue on issues of Internet censorship, freedom of speech, surveillance, privacy and community-centric governance approaches conceived by the Alternative Informatics Association. The first Forum was held in Turkey in September, 2014 and served as model for the organization of the Brazilian and Italian Forums of 2015.

## History and development of the IUF
### IUF Turkey 2014

The first Internet Ungovernance Forum was held in September 2014 in Turkey to demand that fundamental freedoms, openness, unity and net neutrality remain as the building blocks of the Internet. It was held in parallel to the Internet Governance Forum (IGF), which was already taking place in Istanbul between 2–5 September 2014.
Earlier that year, access to YouTube and Twitter had been blocked in Turkey.
Issues of internet censorship, “preventive” website blocking orders without court's permission, surveillance and privacy in Turkey raised concerns among activists, and they started organizing the forum. They felt that issues such as Net neutrality, Internet privacy and Freedom of Speech were not getting the right attention at IGF.
Participants of the two-day conference included Julian Assange, Jacob Appelbaum and Amelia Andersdotter.

### IUF Brazil 2015

Because IGF fails to address issues such as: the controversies of the Brazilian Civil Rights Framework for the Internet; the fact that since 2013 law enforcement from Brazil has been acquiring surveillance devices from "Hacking Team" to be used against activists; the recent Brazilian laws institutionalizing mass surveillance and data retention of all of its citizens; the congressional attempts to increase custody of massive logs and data to all the population and the ongoing process of criminalizing as terrorism any kind of hacktivism, Brazilian activists decided to organize their own forum in November 2015, parallel to the IGF that was going to be held in Joao Pessoa, Brazil.

### IUF Italy 2015

IUF Italy was held in Rome on November 7, 2015. Speakers included Internet Bill of Rights commissioner Stefano Rodotà and ICANN representative Stefania Milan.
# Witch of Kastrati

The Witch of Kastrati (Albanian: Shtriga e Kastratit) is mentioned in connection with the murder of a woman by her husband in the village of Kastrat, Shkodër, Albania, around the year 1895. It is considered the only documented case of the "witch hunting" (persecution) of women in Albanian history.
The incident was documented by the French consul Alexandre Degrand in his book "Souvenirs de la Haute Albanie" (Memories of Upper Albania). According to Degrand's account, the woman was accused of witchcraft by her husband and subsequently killed by him. The method of murder involved burning her in a wooden tower. Specific details of the accusation and the murder itself remain unclear.
The story of the Witch of Kastrati serves as a reminder of the dangers of superstitious beliefs and prejudices, which can lead to violence and injustice. It also emphasizes the importance of critical thinking and the need to challenge harmful beliefs.
# Mariathas Manojanraj

Mariathas Manojanraj was a minority Sri Lankan Tamil distributor for the Tamil newspaper Thinakkural from Jaffna, Sri Lanka. He was killed by a mine which exploded when he went to collect newspapers for distribution on 27 July 2006 in Navakeeri near Jaffna.

## Background

Mariathas Manojanraj was part of a series of killing of Tamil media workers particularly those seen supporting the Tamil nationalist cause as the newspaper Thinakkural was seen to be doing. It was seen as part of the intimidation of Tamil media. Free Media Movement an International Federation of Journalists associate reported that newspapers like Sudor Oli and Thinakkural have received threats from anti-LTTE para-military groups demanding that their distribution be stopped and there were attempts to unofficially censure Tamil media organisations.

## Incident

Mariathas Manojanraj was killed while he was travelling by motorbike to collect newspapers by a mine blast. He had earlier registered at the Sri Lankan checkpoint. The Sri Lankan Army claims that he was a victim a mine meant for an Army Patrol however his relatives claim that the Tamil paramilitaries or the Sri Lankan is responsible for it .

## Government investigation

The international Press institute has called in for impartial government investigation.
# Jeyran Bolaghi

Jeyran Bolaghi (Persian: جيرانبلاغي or جيران بلاغي) may refer to:
# Jung–Seongdong B

Jung–Seongdong B (Korean: 중구·성동구 을) is a constituency of the National Assembly of South Korea. The constituency consists of Jung District and part of Seongdong District. As of 2024, 177,422 eligible voters were registered in the constituency.

## List of members of the National Assembly

| Election | Member | Party | Dates | Notes |
| 2016 | Ji Sang-wook | Saenuri | 2016–2020 | Spokesperson of the Saenuri Party (2016) |
| 2020 | Park Sung-joon | Democratic | 2020–present | |
| 2024 | Park Sung-joon | Democratic | 2020–present | |

## Election results
### 2024

Legislative Election 2024: Jung–Seongdong B :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Democratic | Park Sung-joon | 61,728 | 50.81 | 1.15 |
| | People Power | Lee Hye-hoon | 58,961 | 48.53 | 1.26 |
| | Korea National | Kim Young-ki | 787 | 0.65 | new |
| Rejected ballots | Rejected ballots | Rejected ballots | 1,611 | – | |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 123,087 | 69.38 | 1.53 |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 177,422 | | |
| | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Swing | | |

### 2020

Legislative Election 2020: Jung–Seongdong B :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Democratic | Park Sung-joon | 64,071 | 52.0 | +27.7 |
| | United Future | Ji Sang-wook | 58,300 | 47.3 | +9.3 |
| | National Revolutionary Dividends | Lee Ju-yang | 937 | 0.8 | new |
| Rejected ballots | Rejected ballots | Rejected ballots | 1,392 | – | – |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 124,700 | 67.9 | – |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 183,779 | | |
| | Democratic gain from United Future | Democratic gain from United Future | Swing | | |

### 2016

Legislative Election 2016: Jung–Seongdong B :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Saenuri | Ji Sang-wook | 37,981 | 38.0 | new |
| | People | Chung Ho-joon | 36,231 | 36.3 | new |
| | Democratic | Lee Ji-su | 24,307 | 24.3 | new |
| | People's United | Kim Su-jung | 1,096 | 1.1 | new |
| | Let's go Korea | Jeong Jae-bok | 253 | 0.3 | new |
| Rejected ballots | Rejected ballots | Rejected ballots | 1,056 | – | – |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 100,924 | 58.5 | – |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 172,600 | | |
| | Saenuri win (new seat) | Saenuri win (new seat) | Saenuri win (new seat) | Saenuri win (new seat) | Saenuri win (new seat) |
# Epistles of Manushchihr

The Epistles of Manushchihr (Minocher) (Persian: نامه‌های منوچهر) are a response to comments made by the author's brother on the subject of purification in Zoroastrianism.
When Zadsparam, who was the high priest of Sirjan which is located near Kerman, proposed certain new precepts, the public were not ready for change and were very unsatisfied. Therefore, they decided to complain to the high priest's older brother Manuschchihr, who was the high priest of Kerman.
In response, Manushchihr issued three epistles in the issue:
* A reply to the complaining people
* an expostulation with his brother
* a public decree condemning the new precepts of his younger brother as unlawful innovations.
The first epistle is dated March 15, 881; the third is dated June–July 881. This book contains almost 9000 words. Manushchihar is the author of another major Pahlavi book named the 'Dadestan-i Denig'.