OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# GWR 439 Class

The GWR 439 Class, nicknamed the Bicycle Class because of its unusual appearance, was a series of six 2-4-0 mixed-traffic engines designed by Joseph Armstrong for the Great Western Railway, and built at Swindon Works in 1868. The "Bicycles" worked at Northern Division sheds, running between Wolverhampton and Chester.

## Design

Numbered in the series 439–444, the running plate of these inside-framed locomotives was raised, without splashers, above each of the large (6 ft 1 in or 1.854 m) driving wheels, rather giving the impression of bicycle wheels and mudguards.

## Rebuilding

Most of the class was renewed at Wolverhampton railway works under George Armstrong in 1885 and 1886; the renewals were more conventional in appearance, with large splashers, but the class's nickname stuck. At first the renewals also ran on the same routes as their predecessors, though later some were transferred further south.
# Experimental data

Experimental data in science and engineering is data produced by a measurement, test method, experimental design or quasi-experimental design. In clinical research any data produced are the result of a clinical trial. Experimental data may be qualitative or quantitative, each being appropriate for different investigations.
Generally speaking, qualitative data are considered more descriptive and can be subjective in comparison to having a continuous measurement scale that produces numbers. Whereas quantitative data are gathered in a manner that is normally experimentally repeatable, qualitative information is usually more closely related to phenomenal meaning and is, therefore, subject to interpretation by individual observers.
Experimental data can be reproduced by a variety of different investigators and mathematical analysis may be performed on these data.
# Beez, Namur

Beez (French pronunciation:; Walloon: Bê) is a sub-municipality of the city of Namur located in the province of Namur, Wallonia, Belgium. It was a separate municipality until 1977. On 1 January 1977, it was merged into Namur.
# Dmitri Borisov (footballer, born 1996)

Dmitri Igorevich Borisov (Russian: Дмитрий Игоревич Борисов; born 8 November 1996) is a Russian football player.

## Club career

He made his debut in the Russian Football National League for FC Sokol Saratov on 23 August 2015 in a game against FC KAMAZ Naberezhnye Chelny.
# San Gregorio Fault

The San Gregorio Fault is an active, 209 km (130 mi) long fault located off the coast of Northern California. The southern end of the fault is in the Pacific Ocean just south of Monterey Bay, and the northern end is about 20 km northwest of San Francisco, near Bolinas Bay, where the San Gregorio intersects the San Andreas Fault. Most of the San Gregorio fault trace is located offshore beneath the waters of Monterey Bay, Half Moon Bay, and the Pacific Ocean, though it cuts across land near Point Año Nuevo and Pillar Point. The San Gregorio Fault is part of a system of coastal faults which run roughly parallel to the San Andreas.
The movement of the San Gregorio is right-lateral strike-slip, and the slip rate is estimated to be 4–10 mm/year (0.2–0.4 inch/year). The most recent major earthquake along the fault had an estimated magnitude of 7 to 7.25 and occurred after 1270 AD—the earliest calibrated radiocarbon date for a native Californian cooking hearth at the Seal Cove site near Moss Beach that shows signs of displacement—but before 1775, when Spanish missionaries arrived in northern California and recorded history began for the region.
Portions of the fault that come ashore near the cliffs between Pillar Point and Moss Beach are sometimes referred to as "Seal Cove Fault" in the geological literature.
# Malta national under-17 football team

The Malta national under-17 football team represents Malta in international football competitions such as the FIFA U-17 World Cup, the UEFA European Under-17 Championship, as well as any other under-17 international football tournaments. It is governed by the Malta Football Association. In October 2009, Malta qualified from its group to the Elite Round that was played in March 2010. This success came following a 2-1 victory over the Netherlands and a 0-0 draw with group host nation Andorra, after having lost the first match against Northern Ireland 2-0. Malta qualified as the best third-placed team.

## UEFA European Under-17 Championship record

* 2002: Did not qualify
* 2003: Did not qualify
* 2004: Did not qualify
* 2005: Did not qualify
* 2006: Did not qualify
* 2007: Did not qualify
* 2008: Did not qualify
* 2009: Did not qualify
* 2010: Did not qualify - Elite Round
* 2011: Did not qualify
* 2012: Did not qualify
* 2013: Did not qualify
* 2014: Group Stage - (hosts)
* 2015: Did not qualify
* 2016: Did not qualify
* 2017: Did not qualify
* 2018: Did not qualify
* 2019: Did not qualify
* 2020: Cancelled
* 2021: Cancelled
* 2022: Did not qualify
* 2023: Did not qualify

## Current squad

* 'The following players were called up for the 2023 UEFA European Under-17 Championship qualification matches.
* Match dates: 19–25 October 2022
* Opposition: Scotland, Czech Republic and Northern Ireland
* Caps and goals correct as of: 25 September 2022, after the match against Bosnia and Herzegovina
| Pos. | Player | Date of birth (age) | Caps | Goals | Club |
| 1GK | Jake Scicluna | (2006-04-24) 24 April 2006 (age 18) | 1 | 0 | Żebbuġ Rangers |
| 1GK | Niklas Vella | (2006-07-22) 22 July 2006 (age 18) | 1 | 0 | Balzan |
| 2DF | Jerome Baldacchino | (2007-03-28) 28 March 2007 (age 17) | 0 | 0 | Melita |
| 2DF | Nic Briffa | (2006-02-18) 18 February 2006 (age 18) | 0 | 0 | Birkirkara |
| 2DF | Shaun Carabott | (2006-11-19) 19 November 2006 (age 17) | 0 | 0 | Valletta |
| 2DF | Kewell Fardell | (2006-02-28) 28 February 2006 (age 18) | 0 | 0 | Valletta |
| 2DF | Bradley Farrugia | (2006-07-03) 3 July 2006 (age 18) | 0 | 0 | Mosta |
| 2DF | Shelom Magri | (2007-03-02) 2 March 2007 (age 17) | 0 | 0 | Birkirkara |
| 2DF | Lucas Okeke | (2006-07-01) 1 July 2006 (age 18) | 0 | 0 | Birkirkara |
| 2DF | Lydon Seychell | (2007-03-17) 17 March 2007 (age 17) | 0 | 0 | Valletta |
| 2DF | Kean Scicluna | (2006-09-12) 12 September 2006 (age 18) | 0 | 0 | Ħamrun Spartans |
| 3MF | Jake Azzopardi | (2006-02-13) 13 February 2006 (age 18) | 0 | 0 | Valletta |
| 3MF | Sheldon Borg | (2007-09-29) 29 September 2007 (age 17) | 1 | 0 | Pietà Hotspurs |
| 3MF | Liam Delicata | (2006-12-22) 22 December 2006 (age 17) | 0 | 0 | Birkirkara |
| 3MF | Nexille Grech | (2006-09-22) 22 September 2006 (age 18) | 0 | 0 | Ħamrun Spartans |
| 3MF | Thomas Melillo | (2007-06-27) 27 June 2007 (age 17) | 0 | 0 | Pietà Hotspurs |
| 4FW | Nicholas Agius | (2006-06-22) 22 June 2006 (age 18) | 0 | 0 | Birkirkara |
| 4FW | Felipe Bugeja | (2006-03-10) 10 March 2006 (age 18) | 0 | 0 | Ħamrun Spartans |
# High-income trap

The high-income trap refers to the phenomenon of slower growth in most high-income, developed countries compared to lower-income countries. Some economists argue that there is more evidence for a high-income trap than the middle-income trap. Among the countries said to experience this trap are Taiwan and Japan.
# George Alexander Louis Lebour

George Alexander Louis Lebour (1847 – 21 February 1918) was an English geologist.
Lebour was educated at the Royal School of Mines and was then a staff member of the Geological Survey from 1873 to 1876. At the Durham College of Science, he was a lecturer in geological surveying from 1876 to 1879 and then succeeded David Page as professor of geology upon the latter's death in 1879. Lebour held this professorial chair until his own death in 1918.
He wrote Handbook to the Geology and Natural History of Northumberland and Durham, which went through three editions from 1879 to 1889. He wrote more than 100 papers on carboniferous geology, thermal conductivity of rocks, and underground temperature. He was awarded the Murchison Medal in 1904.
Upon his death, Lebour was survived by his widow Emily and two daughters; another daughter predeceased him. His youngest daughter was the noted marine biologist Marie Lebour.
# Lady Anna Gore-Langton

Lady Anna Eliza Mary Gore-Langton, née Temple-Nugent-Brydges-Chandos-Grenville (February 1820 – 3 February 1879) was an English campaigner for women's rights.

## Life

Lady Anna Temple-Nugent-Brydges-Chandos-Grenville was born in February 1820 to Richard, Earl Temple (later Duke of Buckingham and Chandos), and his wife, the former Lady Mary Campbell, at the ancestral seat of Stowe House. Lady Anna's father spent a vast inheritance and was declared a bankrupt. The contents of Stowe House were sold in 1848. Her parents obtained a divorce by act of parliament in 1850.
She avoided the sale and divorce as she married in 1846 and went to live at Newton Park. Her husband William Gore-Langton was a member of parliament. Their son William inherited in 1889 the title of Earl Temple of Stowe from her family for a special remainder.
She worked with the Women's Printing Society and she was in the vanguard of improving women's education. She sat on the committee in 1871 that was ensuring that women could become doctors in Edinburgh.
In 1872 she was elected president of the Bath committee of the National Society for Women's Suffrage. She had signed the Mill's petition for universal women's suffrage six years before. In June 1877 she and others were allowed to petition Sir Stafford Northcote, the Chancellor of the Exchequer, concerning a bill to allow women the vote. The bill was presented by Jacob Bright, but it was defeated. Gore-Langton called a meeting to discuss a way forward given the large defeat at her house.
Gore-Langton died in London on 3 February 1879.
# Balarud

Balarud and Bala Rud (Persian: بالارود) may refer to:
* Bala Rud, Kerman
* Istgah-e Balarud
* Pol-e Bala Rud
# Tilekmat

Tilekmat (Kyrgyz: Тилекмат) is a settlement in the Issyk-Kul Region of Kyrgyzstan. It is part of the Jeti-Ögüz District. The settlement was named for Tilekmat Jylkyaydar uulu (Tilekmat Ake), Kyrgyz politician, people's diplomat and talented thinker, who was buried near it. Its population was 3,306 in 2021.
# Iskhak Razzakov

Iskhak Razzakovich Razzakov (Kyrgyz: Исхак Раззакович Раззаков; 25 October 1910 – 19 March 1979) was a Kyrgyz politician who served as the first secretary of Communist Party of Kirghizia from 7 July 1950 to 9 May 1961.

## Early life

Razzakov was born in Khorāsān on 25 October 1910. Razzakov lost his mother at the age of three, his father died two years later. His relatives sent him to a shelter where he was taught various languages. Razzakov studied in Uzbekistan and Russia.
He taught social studies at Samarkand, Uzbekistan. He was not an Uzbek, but a Kyrgyz.

## Rise to politics and leading Kyrgyzstan

From 1945 to 1950 he was the Chairmen of the Council of People's Commissars (head of government) of the Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republic. In 1950 he was appointed as the first secretary of the communist party of Kirghizia.
Razzakov played a significant role in shaping Kyrgyzstan. The current Kyrgyzstan state university, polytechnic institute, and women's pedagogical institute in Kyrgyzstan were built during his time in government. Kyrgyzstan went through major cultural improvements during his tenure. 20 important objects of national industry were put into operation during his time. The Frunze agricultural plant and the Osh mountain highway road were also built.

## Later life and death

In the 1960s he fell out of Khrushchev's favor and was persecuted. He moved to Moscow with his family, where he died on March 19, 1979.
# Dorchester Cape, New Brunswick

Dorchester Cape is an unincorporated community in Westmorland County, New Brunswick. The community is situated in Southeastern New Brunswick, to the east of Moncton.
# Edith New

Edith Bessie New (17 March 1877 – 2 January 1951) was an English suffragette who was one of the first two suffragettes to use vandalism as a tactic. She and Mary Leigh were surprised to find their destruction was celebrated, and they were pulled triumphantly by lines of suffragettes on their release from prison in 1908.

## Early life

She was born Edith Bessie New at 24 North Street, Swindon, one of five children of Isabella (née Frampton; 1850–1922), a music teacher, and Frederick James New, a railway clerk, who died when Edith was less than a year old when he was hit and killed by a train. By age 14, she was working as a teacher, later moving to East London in 1901.

## Suffrage activism

In the early 1900s, New left her teaching career and began working as an organiser and campaigner for the Women's Social and Political Union (WSPU). She travelled around England, speaking to groups about the women's movement. In January 1908, New and Olivia Smith chained themselves to the railings of 10 Downing Street shouting "Votes for Women!", to create a diversion for their fellow suffragettes Flora Drummond and Mary Macarthur to sneak in before being arrested. In June 1908, during a protest, New and another suffragette, Mary Leigh, broke two windows at 10 Downing Street. They were arrested and sentenced to two months in prison at Holloway.
It was the first time in the suffrage movement that vandalism had taken place. The women were at first concerned that other suffragettes would not approve of their actions, but Emmeline Pankhurst, a leader of the suffrage movement, visited the women in prison and gave them her approval for using vandalism as a tactic for getting their voices heard. Additional acts of vandalism and arson were planned by the women soon after. During their court sentencing, the women threatened that next time they would use bombs. When they were released from prison in August 1908, a parade was held in their honour by a delegation of suffragettes that included Christabel Pankhurst.
The WSPU presented Edith New with a Hunger Strike Medal 'for Valour' in recognition of her contributions to the suffrage movement. While in prison, she had gone on hunger strike in protest for the woman's right to vote. In 1909, New was pictured in Hawick, Scotland addressing crowds outside the Tower Hotel. That year the WSPU and the rival NWSPU both took shops in Hawick and the police had to intervene when the crowd began to shake the speaker's carriage. In 1911, New left the WSPU and moved to Lewisham to resume her teaching career.

## Later life and legacy

New retired to the small town of Polperro in Cornwall and died in early 1951, aged 73.
In 2011, a street in Swindon was renamed in her honour. A Swindon Heritage blue plaque in North Street, Swindon, was installed on 19 March 2016 marking her birthplace.

## Portrayal in media

In the 2015 film Suffragette, a character partially based on New is portrayed by English actress Helena Bonham Carter.
# Tanveer Abbasi

Tanveer Abbasi (Sindhi: ڊاڪٽر تنوير عباسي) was a Sindhi-language poet.
# Thomas Boyd, 6th Lord Boyd

Thomas Boyd, 6th Lord Boyd (c. 1547–1611) was a Scottish noble and politician.

## Biography

Thomas Boyd, with his father, Robert Boyd, 5th Lord Boyd, fought at the battle of Langside on 13 May 1568, for Mary, Queen of Scots. He inherited the title Lord Boyd on the death of 5th Lord Boyd in 1590. He resigned his whole estate to the King, from whom, on 12 January 1592, he obtained a new charter thereof, "erecting the same into a free Lordship and Barony, to be called the Lordship and Barony of Kilmarnock" to himself for life, with remainder to his son and heir apparent, Robert, Master of Boyd, in tail male, remainder to "heirs male," thereby excluding the heirs general. Under this grant Thomas, not improbably, became Lord Boyd of Kilmarnock. He died June 1611. As Robert died before his father, the estates and title passed to his son Robert.

## Family

Thomas was the second but first surviving son and heir of Robert Boyd, 5th Lord Boyd.
Thomas Boyd married firstly, before 1568, when she was living, Margaret, 2nd daughter of Sir Matthew Campbell, of Loudoun, by Isabel, daughter of Sir John Drummond, of Innerpeffry. He married secondly to Jane daughter of William Stockdale. He married, lastly, to Elizabeth Wallace, who survived him.
His children included:
* Robert, Master of Boyd, (died 1597), who married Jean Kerr, a daughter of Mark Kerr, 1st Earl of Lothian. His children included Robert Boyd, 7th Lord Boyd and James Boyd, 9th Lord Boyd.
* Thomas Boyd of Bedlay
* Andrew Boyd, who was made bishop of Argyll in 1632.
* Marion Boyd, who married James Hamilton, 1st Earl of Abercorn (died 1632). She may have been the "Mistress of Paisley" attending Anne of Denmark at Stirling Castle with Margaret Seton, Lady Paisley in April 1603.
* Isabel Boyd, who married (1) John Blair younger of that ilk, (2) Dougal Campbell of Auchinbreck. Francis Hamilton the heir of Provan Hall had been contracted to marry her in 1607, and would later accuse her of witchcraft.
* Agnes Boyd, who married George Elphinstone of Blythswood, Provost of Glasgow in August 1600. As a wedding gift James VI of Scotland gave her a gold chain necklace and a gold belt set with pearls, and a pair of matching gold "garnishings" set with pearl to wear in her hair, worth £580 Scots. After spending a weekend in Glasgow with the newly weds at the end of August, James VI gave George Elphinstone land in the New Park of Partick to build a better house to entertain him in the next time.
# Pierre Wantzel

Pierre Laurent Wantzel (5 June 1814 in Paris – 21 May 1848 in Paris) was a French mathematician who proved that several ancient geometric problems were impossible to solve using only compass and straightedge.
In a paper from 1837, Wantzel proved that the problems of
* doubling the cube, and
* trisecting the angle
are impossible to solve if one uses only a compass and straightedge. In the same paper he also solved the problem of determining which regular polygons are constructible:
The solution to these problems had been sought for thousands of years, particularly by the ancient Greeks. However, Wantzel's work was neglected by his contemporaries and essentially forgotten. Indeed, it was only 50 years after its publication that Wantzel's article was mentioned either in a journal article or in a textbook. Before that, it seems to have been mentioned only once, by Julius Petersen, in his doctoral thesis of 1871. It was probably due to an article published about Wantzel by Florian Cajori more than 80 years after the publication of Wantzel's article that his name started to be well known among mathematicians.
Wantzel was also the first person to prove, in 1843, that if a cubic polynomial with rational coefficients has three real roots but is irreducible in Q[x] (the so-called casus irreducibilis), then the roots cannot be expressed from the coefficients using real radicals alone; that is, complex non-real numbers must be involved if one expresses the roots from the coefficients using radicals. This theorem would be rediscovered decades later by (and sometimes attributed to) Vincenzo Mollame and Otto Hölder.
   Ordinarily he worked evenings, not lying down until late; then he read, and took only a few hours of troubled sleep, making alternately wrong use of coffee and opium, and taking his meals at irregular hours until he was married. He put unlimited trust in his constitution, very strong by nature, which he taunted at pleasure by all sorts of abuse. He brought sadness to those who mourn his premature death.
Wantzel is often overlooked for his contributions to mathematics. In fact, for over a century there was great confusion as to who proved the impossibility theorems.
# Church of the Holy Cross, Nin

Church of the Holy Cross (Croatian: Crkva svetog Križa) is a Croatian Pre-Romanesque Catholic church originating from the 9th century in Nin.

## Description

According to a theory from an art historian Mladen Pejaković, the design has an intentionally unbalanced elliptical form designated to "follow" the position of the Sun, retaining the functionality of a calendar and sundial. In its beginning, in the time of the Croatian principality, it was used as a royal chapel of the duke's courtyard nearby.
The church is that of a central type, it features the Croatian interlace (or simply "troplet") and a carved name of the župan of Nin "Godečaj".
The church is known under the moniker of "the smallest cathedral in the world", however it currently is not seat of a bishop of Nin.

## Gallery

* Back view
* Right view
* The entrance with an altar fence
* Entrance plaque
* Interior
# Filippo Trenta

Filippo Trenta (21 April 1731 - March 1793) was a Roman Catholic prelate, jurist, and poet who served as Bishop of Foligno (3 April 1785 – 4 March 1796).

## Biography

He was born to an aristocratic family from Ascoli Piceno, he became a papal auditor in Lucca, Genoa, and Macerata. He finally became an auditor in Bologna under Cardinal Ignazio Gaetano Boncompagni. He published some lyric works of poetry, including:
* Tragedie (Lucca 1766)
* Limon sive Urbanarum Auaestionum libri tres (Rome 1782)
In 1784, 53 year of age, he was ordained a priest; and within a year named bishop of Foligno.
# Golabundan

Golabundan (Persian: گلابوندان) may refer to:
* Golabundan-e Olya
* Golabundan-e Sofla
# Bhaskarrao Jadhav

Bhaskarrao Vithojirao Jadhav (17 June 1867 – 26 June 1950) was an Indian politician, social reformer, and leader of the Satyashodhak Samaj, Non-Brahmin movement and the co-operative movement.

## Early life

Bhaskarrao Vithojirao Jadhav was born on 17 June, 1867 in Nagaon in a poor Maratha family. His schooling was often disturbed due to his father's frequent job changes. He finally studied at Elphinstone High School where he stood first in the matriculation examination. He was further educated at the Wilson College, Elphinstone College, and the Government Law College in Bombay. During his student days, he was influenced by the ideology of the Satyashodhak Samaj.

## Career

Bhaskarrao Jadhav started his career as an administrator in the Kolhapur princely state in 1895. He worked as the Superintendent or administrator of Kolhapur municipality from 1904 to 1918 and retired as Revenue Member of the State Council in 1895. He finally retired from the Kolhapur state service in 1921 to work in the Bombay Presidency.
Jadhav started the Maratha Educational Conference in 1907 and was in the Non-Brahmin movement in the Bombay Presidency since its inception. He represented the claims of the Maratha and allied Communities before the joint Parliamentary Committee in England in 1919, and secured seven reserved seats for them.
Jadhav was nominated to the Bombay Legislative Council in 1920 and became the leader of the Non-Brahmin Party in the Bombay Legislative Council. He was subsequently elected to the Council twice from Satara constituency in 1923 and 1926. Under the system of diarchy in Bombay Presidency, he served as a Minister of Education from 1923 to 1926 and Minister of Forest, Excise & Agriculture from 1928 to 1930.
Jadhav was in favour of cooperating with the Simon Commission and opposed its boycott which caused rifts in the Non-Brahmin Party. In September 1930, he was elected to the Central Legislative Assembly. He represented the Justice Party at the Round Table Conference. Jadhav lost the election to the Bombay Legislative Council in 1937.

## Social Reform

Bhaskarrao Jadhav was the president of the Satyashodhak Samaj from 1920 onwards.
Bhaskarrao Jadhav was also a scholar of Indian history and philosophy. He wrote scholarly articles on various topics like criticism of Ramayana, origin of the Marathas and their language, development of the Vedas, evolution of the deity Mahadeva etc.
# Karafestan

Karafestan (Persian: كرفستان) may refer to:
* Karafestan, Amlash
* Karafestan, Siahkal