OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Roshan (telecommunications)

Roshan (Persian: روشن, lit. 'light') is a telecommunications development company located in Afghanistan.

## History

Roshan was founded by Kari Khoja in 2002.
In 2012, Roshan became the first and only company in Afghanistan to achieve B Corporation certification, awarded by B Lab.
In October 2017, in cooperation with the Wikimedia Foundation, Roshan provided customers free access to Wikipedia and its sister projects without incurring data charges. The cooperation was part of the Wikipedia Zero project, which the Wikimedia Foundation discontinued in February 2018. The agreement with Roshan expired on December 15, 2018.
As of June 2024, Roshan's telecommunications services are available in at least one city in every province in Afghanistan.

## Shareholders

Roshan was founded under the ownership of the following companies:
* 51%—Aga Khan Fund for Economic Development, part of Aga Khan Development Network
* 35%—Monaco Telecom International (MTI), subsidiary of NJJ Capital (55%—since 2014, acquired from Cable & Wireless) and Principality of Monaco over Société Nationale de Financement (45%)
* 9%—MCT Corporation (former U.S. company, now part of Telia Company)
* 5%—Alcatel
The investments were held through the Telecom Development Company of Afghanistan B.V., based in Amsterdam, which holds 100% of the shares of the Telecom Development Company of Afghanistan Ltd.
In July 2004, Alcatel sold its 5% stake, distributing 3.25% to MCT and 1.75% to MTI.
In August 2020, TeliaSonera sold its 12.25% stake and Monaco Telecom sold its 36.75% stake to AKFED, making it the sole owner.
# Catholic University of Cameroon, Bamenda

The Catholic University of Cameroon (CATUC), or in Latin (Universitas Catholica Cameruniae) is a private university located in Bamenda in the North West region of the Republic of Cameroon. It is the Provincial University of the Catholic Church in the Anglophone part of Cameroon and the only Catholic Institution of Higher Education founded by the Anglophone Catholic Bishops of the Ecclesiastical Province of Bamenda. It provides undergraduate, graduate and professional studies in both the arts and the sciences.
The faculties and schools are spread across the dioceses of Bamenda Ecclesiastical Province, with the main campus located in Bamenda. While the main campus is being developed, the university is operating at the Saint Joseph’s Catholic Cathedral Primary School.
Professors and Lecturers at the University are recruited from sacred (i.e., theology, canon law, etc.) and secular disciplines (e.g., letters, philosophy, education, social sciences, economics). The majority of degrees and diplomas awarded by the Catholic University of Cameroon, Bamenda are state-authorized diplomas, as the university is certified to issue them by the Ministry of Higher Education. Theological degrees are awarded in the name of the Holy See and are the result of a prescribed course of study in the ecclesiastical faculty of theology.
# Tonna Hospital

Tonna Hospital (Welsh: Ysbyty Tonna) is a psychiatric hospital in Tonna, Neath, Wales. It is managed by Swansea Bay University Health Board.

## History

The hospital was officially opened as Neath District Isolation Hospital in March 1939. It joined the National Health Service as a children's hospital in 1948 and subsequently became a psychiatric hospital.
# Hütter H28

The Hütter H28, also called the Hutter 28, is a German mid-wing, single seat, glider that was designed by brothers Ulrich Hütter and Wolfgang Hütter in the 1930s.

## Design and development

The Hütter brothers designed the H28 as a companion aircraft to the Hütter Hü 17, intending students to fly the H28 once basic skills had been mastered on the Hü 17. The design was made available as plans for amateur construction and about seven were completed. The aircraft was designed with small overall dimensions and in particular wingspan, so that it could be easily built in small workshops.
The aircraft is of wooden construction and finished with doped aircraft fabric covering. The 12.0 m (39.4 ft) span wing employs a modified Göppingen 535 airfoil, with some gliders fitted with symmetrical wing tip cap. The prototype had a straight wing, but the plans were altered to provide a gull wing.
Soaring Magazine said of the design, "It was pleasing of line, especially for a small ship, with a carefully shaped root junction and one of the first molded plexiglass canopies. It is possible to discern the lines of its distinguished descendant, the Libelle, in its shape."

## Operational history

An H28 was flown by Harold Jenson for Denmark in one World Gliding Championships. In 1983 one Hü 28 was reported as being registered in the United States.

## Specifications (H28)

Data from Soaring
General characteristics
* Crew: one
* Wingspan: 12.0 m (39 ft 4 in)
* Wing area: 7.60 m$^2$ (81.8 sq ft)
* Aspect ratio: 18.46:1
* Airfoil: root: modified Göppingen 535, tip: symmetrical
* Empty weight: 88 kg (194 lb)
* Gross weight: 179 kg (394 lb)
Performance
* Maximum glide ratio: 23.5:1 at 80 km/h (50 mph)
* Rate of sink: 0.98 m/s (192 ft/min) at 70 km/h (43 mph)
* Wing loading: 23.4 kg/m$^2$ (4.79 lb/sq ft)
# Pesikta

Pesikta (Jewish Babylonian Aramaic: פסיקתא) refers to a number of collections of rabbinic literature:
* Pesikta de-Rav Kahana, published in 1868 and 1962
* Pesikta Rabbati, composed around 845 CE
* The Pesikta Zutarta, also called Midrash Lekah Tov, by Tobiah ben Eliezer
# Luigi Merci

Luigi Merci or Louis Mercy (c. 1695–1768) was a composer of the Baroque era.
Merci was born around 1695, possibly into a French-English family in England, and died in Hereford in December 1768. He was engaged from 1717 to Lady Day 1719 in the service of James Brydges, Earl of Carnarvon and Duke of Chandos where he played in Handel's band and met early founders of the Freemasons.
In 1730 he married Ann Hampshire and settled in Covent Garden. In collaboration with the recorder maker Thomas Stanesby (1692–1754), he tried to promote the recorder, which at that time was in danger of disappearing in favour of the transverse flute.
He was Master of Ceremonies at The Hotwells in Bristol in 1752 and lived in Bath. He died in Hereford, where his son lived, and was buried on 27 December 1768 in St Owen's graveyard.

## Works

Four books of six sonatas each were published by John Walsh in London.
* 6 Sonatas for flute and basso continuo op.1 (1718)
* 6 Sonatas for flute and basso continuo op.2 (1720)
* 6 Sonatas for bassoon or cello and basso continuo op.3 (1735)
* 6 Sonatas for transverse flute and basso continuo also as op.3 (1740s)
# Zdany

Zdany is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Zbuczyn, within Siedlce County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately 3 kilometres (2 mi) north-west of Zbuczyn, 13 km (8 mi) south-east of Siedlce, and 98 km (61 mi) east of Warsaw.
# III Gymnasium Osijek

III Gymnasium Osijek (Croatian: III. gimnazija Osijek) is a high school in Osijek, Croatia.
# Frances Harriet Hooker

Frances Harriet Hooker (née Henslow; 30 April 1825 – 13 November 1874) was an English botanist.
In 1872, she translated A General System of Botany, Descriptive and Analytical by Emmanuel Le Maout and Joseph Decaisne into English from the original French.

## Biography

The daughter of Reverend John Stevens Henslow, a botany professor at the University of Cambridge, she was born Frances Harriet Henslow in Cambridge.
In 1851, she married Joseph Dalton Hooker; the couple had four sons and three daughters. Her daughter Harriet Anne Thiselton-Dyer was a botanical illustrator; her son, Reginald, was a statistician.

## Death

Frances Harriet Hooker died in Kew, aged 49, on 13 November 1874.
# University of Da Nang

The University of Danang (Vietnamese: Đại học Đà Nẵng) is a regional multi-disciplinary university system in Central Vietnam.

## Organizational structure

The University of Danang was established on April 4, 1994, upon the rearrangement and reorganization of the former institutes:
* Polytechnic University
* Da Nang Foreign Language Teachers Training College
* Quang Nam Teachers Training College
* Nguyen Van Troi Vocational School
In line with Hue University and Thai Nguyen University, the university of Danang is one of three regional universities in Vietnam which have a wide variety of training levels.
As of 2020, the university of Danang consisted of:
* Six member universities:
* University of Science and Technology (DUT)
* Vietnam-Korea University of Information and Communication Technology (VKU)
* University of Technology and Education (UTE)
* University of Education (UED)
* University of Economics (DUE)
* University of Foreign Language Studies (UFLS)
* Three member schools:
* School of Medicine and Pharmacy (SMP)
* School of International Education
* School of Physical Education
* Two research institutes:
* VNUK Institute of Research and Executive education (VNUK)
* Danang International Institute of Technology
* One campus:
* UD's Campus in Kon Tum
* Ten centers for training and upgrading, scientific research promotion and technology transfer
* Journal of Science and Technology
* Maker Innovation Space

## Development orientation

The university of Danang consolidate assets such as laboratories, workshops, and libraries; expand the scope and training majors with focus on high technologies, curricula renovation, teaching methodologies, and applying scientific research results to practice to meet the renovation of national economy.
The Prime Minister has approved the master plan for the university of Danang, including an area of 300 hectares at Hoa Quy-Dien Ngoc, 15 km (9.3 mi) from Danang City center to the south-east. The preparation work for the construction site and the infrastructure have begun.
# Zama Magudulela

Zamavus “Zama” Magudulela is a South African actor and singer who performed the role of Rafiki in the Paris, Madrid, São Paulo and Toronto productions of The Lion King musical.

## Early life and education

Magudulela grew up in Durban and started singing at the age of nine. She was a member of the local gospel choir Umlazi before joining the choir at her college, aged 12.
She has a degree in management and marketing.

## Career

Magudulela's first acting job was in Mbongeni Ngema's production of The Zulu Show and then as a backing singer in for Ngema's albums Isimukanandwendwe and Baba kaMdudu.
She worked as a backing singer for Busi Mhlongo before auditioning for The Lion King musical in Melbourne in 2003 and becoming the understudy for the Rafiki shaman character. In 2006, she joined The Lion King cast in Hamburg, still as the Rafiki understudy, and later joined the Paris cast as the Rafiki main character. She features in the 2007 recording of the Paris production. She later performed as Rafiki in the Madrid production of the musical.
From 2019-2020 Magudulela worked as a vocalist at Cirque du Soleil on their production of Totem.
As of November 2024, she portrays Rafiki in the Toronto production of The Lion King.
# Hammond Civic Center

Hammond Civic Center is a 4,500-seat multi-purpose arena located in Hammond, Indiana. The arena opened in 1938. It is well known for hosting various local concerts, and sporting events such WWE Wrestling, Impact Wrestling, mixed martial arts fighting and roller derby, for the area. In the 1950s, it played host to a number of neutral-court National Basketball Association games. It is the home arena for the Calumet College of St. Joseph's Crimson Wave basketball and volleyball teams, which play in the Chicagoland Collegiate Athletic Conference. The Civic Center first became known to professional sports fans as the home to the Hammond Rollers of the now defunct American Basketball Association.
American rock band Kiss played at the Civic Center on Easter Sunday in April 1986, causing local church groups to protest the event. During the show, Kiss blew out half of the windows on the outside west wall of the Civic Center. The sound system they used on this tour was rated at 120 decibels. Before the show, Gene Simmons and Eric Carr of the band walked around the perimeter of the building, trying to hold polite conversations with the church groups. The concert went on as scheduled. Largely due to the church protest controversy, the concert sold only 1,900 tickets.
Concert archives provides a list (not complete) of other epic concerts at this facility https://www.concertarchives.org/venues/hammond-civic-center
The Civic Center plays host to various well-attended professional sporting events. On September 9, 2012, K.O. Sports Promotions hosted a boxing card for a capacity crowd at the Civic Center, with the main event featuring former United States Boxing Organization cruiserweight champion Carl Davis (boxer) in an eight-round heavyweight bout against former number one heavyweight contender Bert Cooper.
# Peugeot Arena

Peugeot Arena (formerly known as AXA Aréna NTC, Sibamac Arena and Aegon Arena for sponsorship reasons) is part of the Slovak National Tennis Centre (NTC) in Bratislava, Slovakia. It has a capacity of 4,500 people.
It has hosted concerts and various tennis matches, including the 2005 Davis Cup final between Slovakia and Croatia.

## Concerts
### List of concerts

| Date | Performer(s) |
| 27 April 2012 | The Prodigy |
| 11 June 2012 | Slayer |
| 28 July 2012 | Bryan Adams |
| 21 June 2013 | Zucchero |
| 23 June 2013 | Mark Knopfler |
| 31 May 2014 | Yes (band) |
| 20 June 2014 | Billy Idol |
| 28 October 2014 | James Blunt |
| 21 April 2015 | Bonnie Tyler |
| 10 June 2015 | Faith No More |
| 9 June 2015 | Limp Bizkit |
| 19 December 2015 | Suzi Quatro |
| 30 March 2017 | Dire Straits |
| 4 April 2017 | Korn |
| 25 June 2017 | Placebo |
| 26 November 2017 | Helloween |
| 30 April 2018 | Gipsy Kings |
| 5 June 2018 | Lenny Kravitz |
| 13 June 2018 | The Offspring |
# Zdunek

Zdunek is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Myszyniec, within Ostrołęka County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately 6 kilometres (4 mi) south-west of Myszyniec, 34 km (21 mi) north-west of Ostrołęka, and 126 km (78 mi) north of Warsaw.
# Lee Jin-woo (speed skater)

Lee Jin-woo (Korean: 이진우; RR: I Jin-u, born 12 June 1986) is a South Korean speed skater. He competed in the men's 1500 metres event at the 2006 Winter Olympics.
# Jagan, Iran

Jagan (Persian: جگان) in Iran may refer to:
* Jagan, Jiroft, Kerman Province
* Jagan, Qaleh Ganj, Kerman Province
* Jagan, West Azerbaijan
* Jagan-e Kord, West Azerbaijan Province
# Brand New (Shinhwa album)

Brand New is the seventh studio album of South Korean boy band Shinhwa. It was released on August 27, 2004, by Good Entertainment. It is their first album since leaving SM Entertainment and signing with Good Entertainment. The four lead singles are "Brand New", "Angel", "Crazy" and "Oh". Brand New sold 324,772 copies in 2004 and was the fifth best-selling album of the year.

## Background

The members of Shinhwa began taking charge as lyricist in the release of the album. Eric wrote some rap lyrics for some of the songs while Minwoo took charge and began writing full lyrics. Some songs that he wrote are: "All of My", "Oh" and "U". He later went on to write the song "Superstar" for the group Jewelry, which became a hit.

## Commercial performance

Brand New debuted at number 3 on the MIAK monthly album chart, and made its way to number 2 before dropping to number 11. However, it made a large jump from number 11 to number 1, with a large jump in sales from 168,654 copies to 320,337 copies. The lead track "Brand New", was composed by Park Geun-tae and Cho Young-soo, won the Triple Crown, i.e. first place for three consecutive weeks, on Mnet's live music program M Countdown.

## Accolades

In 2006, "Brand New" was ranked number 58 in a Gallup Korea poll of top 100 favorite Korean songs of all time. Melon and Seoul Shinmun ranked the single number 68 in their 2021 list of the top 100 K-pop songs of all time.
Awards and nominations for Brand New :
| Year | Organization | Category | Result |
| 2004 | Golden Disc Awards | Album Bonsang (Main Prize) | Won |
| 2004 | Golden Disc Awards | Album Daesang (Grand Prize) | Nominated |
| 2004 | Mnet KM Music Video Festival | Best Dance Performance (for "Brand New") | Won |
| 2004 | Mnet KM Music Video Festival | Best Male Group Video (for "Angel") | Won |
| 2004 | Mnet KM Music Video Festival | Overseas Viewers' Award (for "Brand New") | Won |
| 2004 | SBS Gayo Daejeon | Grand Prize (Daesang) | Won |
| 2004 | SBS Gayo Daejeon | Main Prize (Bonsang) | Won |
| 2004 | Seoul Music Awards | Popularity Award | Won |
Music program awards :
| Song | Program | Date |
| "Brand New" | M Countdown | September 30, 2004 |
| "Brand New" | M Countdown | October 7, 2004 |
| "Brand New" | M Countdown | October 14, 2004 |
| "Brand New" | Inkigayo | October 10, 2004 |
| "Brand New" | Inkigayo | October 17, 2004 |
| "Crazy" | Inkigayo | December 12, 2004 |
| "Crazy" | Inkigayo | December 19, 2004 |

## Credits and personnel

Credits are adapted from the liner notes of Brand New.

## Charts and sales
### Sales

| Region | Sales |
| South Korea (RIAK) | 325,333 |

## Release history

| Country | Date | Distributing label | Format |
| South Korea | August 27, 2004 | Good EMG, IO Music | CD (EKLD-0444) |
| South Korea | November 4, 2004 | Good EMG, IO Music | Special Edition (CD+DVD) (EKLD-0492) |
| Japan | December 8, 2004 | Avex Trax | CD (AVCD-18067/B) |
# List of strikes in Jamaica

Throughout the history of Jamaica, a number of strikes, labour disputes, student strikes, hunger strikes, and other industrial actions have occurred.

## Background

A labour strike is a work stoppage caused by the mass refusal of employees to work. This can include wildcat strikes, which are done without union authorisation, and slowdown strikes, where workers reduce their productivity while still carrying out minimal working duties. It is usually a response to employee grievances, such as low pay or poor working conditions. Strikes can also occur to demonstrate solidarity with workers in other workplaces or pressure governments to change policies.

## 20th century
### 1930s

* British West Indian labour unrest of 1934–1939

### 1950s

* 1956 Jamaican port strike

### 1960s

* 1964 Jamaican broadcast strike, 97-day strike by Jamaica Broadcasting Corporation workers.

### 1980s

* 1985 Jamaica general strike

## 21st century
### 2010s

* Strike by players of the Jamaica women's national football team.

### 2020s

* 2023 Jamaican teachers' strike
# Zdwórz

Zdwórz is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Łąck, within Płock County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately 6 kilometres (4 mi) south-east of Łąck, 14 km (9 mi) south of Płock, and 94 km (58 mi) west of Warsaw. It lies on the shore of Zdworskie Lake.
# Greta Hällfors-Sipilä

Greta Olga Hällfors-Sipilä (1899–1974) was a Finnish painter. She participated enthusiastically in the new trends which reached Finland's art scene in the early 20th century, embracing Impressionism, Functionalism and Cubism.

## Biography

Born in Helsinki on 19 February 1899, Hällfors-Sipilä first studied at Läroverket för gossar och flickor and after graduating at the Finnish Art Society's Drawing School from 1915 to 1917. Despite the First World War, there were several international exhibitions in Helsinki presenting Impressionist and Cubist works. Participants included painters from the German group Der Blaue Reiter, the Swedes Isaac Grünewald and Sigrid Hjertén, and the Russian Wassily Kandinsky, all of whom thrilled Hällfors-Sipilä with their free touch and bright colours. She embarked on paintings of urban life, opting for the abstraction and simplification of her subjects. The influence of Matisse and Chagall can also be seen in some of her works, especially those depicting dancers or musicians.
Hällfors-Sipilä was passionately fond of music. A competent pianist, she studied at the Helsinki Music Institute from the 1910s to the 1930s, developing a common interest in Modernism with her friend Sulho Sipilä (1895–1949) whom she had met at art school when she was 16. They married in 1924. Adopting the nicknames Tiva and Halle, they lived in the centre of Helsinki near St. John's Church which they both often depicted in their paintings.
From 1917, Hällfors-Sipilä frequently exhibited in Finland and abroad although her husband's work generally received more attention than hers. As a woman, she was never able to arrange a solo exhibition although on one occasion she exhibited together with her husband. After years of loneliness while her husband served in the navy, she became mentally ill and from 1946 was committed to a mental hospital. She died on 24 April 1974 in Kellokoski.
# Bosa of York

Bosa (died c. 705) was an Anglo-Saxon Bishop of York during the 7th and early 8th centuries. He was educated at Whitby Abbey, where he became a monk. Following Wilfrid's removal from York in 678 the diocese was divided into three, leaving a greatly reduced see of York, to which Bosa was appointed bishop. He was himself removed in 687 and replaced by Wilfrid, but in 691 Wilfrid was once more ejected and Bosa returned to the see. He died in about 705, and subsequently appears as a saint in an 8th-century liturgical calendar.

## Life

Bosa was a Northumbrian, educated at Whitby Abbey under the abbess Hilda. He subsequently joined the monastery as a monk, and became one of five men educated at Whitby who went on to become bishops.
In 678, after Wilfrid was removed from the bishopric of York and banished from Northumbria, the diocese of York was divided into three. Bosa was appointed to the now greatly reduced diocese of York, which included the sub-kingdom of Deira, thanks to the support of King Ecgfrith of Northumbria and Theodore of Tarsus, the Archbishop of Canterbury. Bosa was consecrated in his cathedral at York in 678 by Theodore, but Wilfrid declared that he was unable to work with Bosa because he did not consider him to be a member of the Catholic Church. Bosa's episcopate lasted nine years, but with Wilfrid back in favour, in 687 Bosa was removed just as his predecessor had been. He returned to York in 691, after Wilfrid was once again expelled. While bishop, Bosa introduced a communal life for the clergy of the cathedral, and set up a continuous liturgy in the cathedral.

## Death and legacy

The date of Bosa's death is unknown; he was still alive in 704 but must have died before 706, when his successor was named. His successor at York was John of Beverley, the Bishop of Hexham. A contemporary writer, Bede, praised Bosa as a man of "singular merit and sanctity". Bede also praised Bosa's humility. Bosa was also responsible for the early education of Acca, later Bishop of Hexham, who grew up in his household.
Bosa appears as a saint in an 8th-century liturgical calendar from York, the only sign that he was venerated as a saint before the Norman Conquest of England. The 16th-century English antiquary John Leland included Bosa in his list of saint's resting places in England, giving it as York. Bosa's feast day is 9 March. He is venerated as a Saint in the Eastern Orthodox Church on the same date.
# Zdziar-Las

Zdziar-Las (Polish pronunciation:) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Staroźreby, within Płock County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.
# Alexander Nevsky Memorial Church

The Alexander Nevsky Memorial Church is a historic Russian Orthodox church building in Potsdam, Germany.
The church dates back to 19th century, making it the oldest Russian Orthodox church in the country. The church was built in 1826 at the center of Alexandrowka settlement.
The church was built for the Russian residents of the settlement of Alexandrowka, now part of the UNESCO World Heritage Site "Palaces and Parks of Potsdam and Berlin", below the Kapellenberg. Consecrated in 1826, it is still an active congregation and the oldest Russian Orthodox church in Germany. Designed by Vasily Stasov, Nevsky Church is a very early example of the Byzantine Revival architecture in Germany, and one of the earliest examples of Byzantine Revival in Russian Revival architecture.