OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Egamnazar Akbarov

Egamnazar Muftillayevich Akbarov (Uzbek: Эгамназар Муфтиллаевич Акбаров; born July 18, 1976, in Tashkent) is an Uzbek judoka, who competed in the men's lightweight category. He picked up a total of eight medals in his career, including a gold from the 2001 Summer Universiade in Beijing, China and a bronze from the 2002 Asian Games in Busan, South Korea, and represented his nation Uzbekistan in the 73-kg class at the 2004 Summer Olympics.
Akbarov made sporting headlines at the 2001 Summer Universiade in Beijing, where he threw South Korea's Choi Yong-sin in the closing seconds to grab the gold medal in the 73-kg division. When South Korea hosted the 2002 Asian Games in Busan, Akbarov missed a chance for another gold with a stunning defeat to his former rival Choi in the semifinals by the mighty commotion of the home crowd inside Gudeok Gymnasium, but redeemed himself to score a waza-ari awasete ippon victory over Mongolia's Damdiny Süldbayar for the bronze medal.
At the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, Akbarov qualified for the Uzbek squad in the men's lightweight class (73 kg), by placing fifth and receiving a berth from the World Championships in Osaka, Japan. In the opening round, Akbarov conceded with two shido penalties and then suffered a striking defeat on yuko points and a pacifying assault to Cameroon's Bernard Mvondo-Etoga at the end of the five-minute match.
# Gholam Ali Jafarzadeh

Gholam Ali Jafarzadeh Emenabadi (Persian: غلامعلی جعفرزاده ایمن‌آبادی) is an Iranian politician who was a member of the Parliament of Iran representing Rasht from 2012 to 2020.
# Sam Humphrey

Sam Humphrey (born 1994) is a New Zealand-born actor from Frankston, Victoria, Australia. He is best known for playing Charles Stratton in the 2017 film The Greatest Showman.

## Early life

Humphrey was born with a rare genetic disorder called acrodysplasia. As a child, he was also diagnosed with Crohn's disease, and spent much of his life in hospitals.
In an interview, he said that he had attempted suicide several times, but with support from his family, his faith and his resilience, he was able to overcome his challenges and pursue his dream of becoming an actor.
Humphrey has two siblings; his older brother is entrepreneur Josiah Humphrey, who co-founded the tech company Appster in 2011.
Humphrey attended Tawa intermediate, Wellington, New Zealand in 2006.
Humphrey is of half Asian descent.

## Career

Prior to his professional debut, Humphrey appeared in numerous school productions.
Humphrey began his acting career in television, his first role on Neighbours, where he appeared on four episodes. He made his film debut in the historical drama musical film The Greatest Showman, he played Charles Stratton, a dwarf performer who is also known by his stage name of General Tom Thumb. As he was taller than the real Tom Thumb, he had to walk on his knees and his voice was digitally altered to sound deeper.
In 2017, Humphrey starred in the television film Jeremy the Dud.

## Filmography
### Film

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 2017 | The Greatest Showman | Charles Stratton | |

### Television

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 2016–2017 | Neighbours | James Udagawa | 4 episodes |
| 2017 | Jeremy the Dud | Jai | Television film |
# Vertical-external-cavity surface-emitting-laser

A vertical-external-cavity surface-emitting-laser (VECSEL) is a small semiconductor laser similar to a vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL). VECSELs are used primarily as near infrared devices in laser cooling and spectroscopy, but have also been explored for applications such as telecommunications.

## Comparisons with VCSELs

Unlike a VCSEL, in which two high-reflecting mirrors are incorporated into the laser structure to form the optical cavity, in a VECSEL one of the two mirrors is external to the diode structure. As a result, the cavity includes a free-space region. A typical distance from the diode to the external mirror would be 1 cm. Several workers demonstrated optically pumped VECSELs, and they continue to be developed for many applications including very high power diode laser sources for use in industrial machining (cutting, punching, etc.) because of their unusually high power (see below) and efficiency when pumped by multi-mode diode laser bars. These lasers are in the process of challenging conventional high power lasers such as solid state (e.g., Nd:YAG) and carbon dioxide lasers for machining operations.
However, electrically pumped VECSELs (another matter entirely), were the brainchild of Aram Mooradian, an engineer known for fundamental contributions to diode laser linewidth studies, who worked for many years at MIT Lincoln Laboratory in Lexington, Massachusetts. Mooradian formed a company, Novalux, Inc., which was the first to demonstrate VECSELs (which they called "NECSELs"). Applications for electrically pumped VECSELs include frequency doubling of near-IR VECSEL emitters to attain compact powerful sources of single-mode blue and green light for projection display purposes.

## Semiconductor gain

One of the most interesting features of any VECSEL is the thinness of the semiconductor gain region in the direction of propagation, less than 100 nm. In contrast, a conventional in-plane semiconductor laser entails light propagation over distances of from 250 μm upward to 2 mm or longer. The significance of the short propagation distance is that it minimizes the effect of "antiguiding" nonlinearities (the same phenomenon is coincidentally quantified by the linewidth enhancement factor relating to Mooradian's above-mentioned earlier work) in the diode laser gain region. The result is a large-cross-section single-mode optical beam which is not attainable from in-plane (a.k.a. "edge-emitting") diode lasers.
In a VECSEL, the external mirror permits a significantly greater area of the diode to participate in generating light in a single mode, resulting in much higher power than otherwise attainable. Monolithic VCSELs emit powers in the low milliwatt range. By contrast, at the 2004 Optical Society of America "Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics," held in San Francisco, California, one company (Coherent, Inc.) announced 45 watt continuous wave single-mode emission from an optically pumped VECSEL. Numerous other companies and organizations worldwide have adopted the optically pumped architecture for its simplicity.
# Deb Webber

Debra "Deb" Webber is an Australian psychic medium.

## Works

Webber has worked extensively as a psychic medium throughout Australia and New Zealand. She has her own company named Seeds of Energy Pty Ltd, which was started in 2003. She is known for appearing on New Zealand television series Sensing Murder. On the show, she works as a psychic detective to help find evidence relating to unsolved murder cases. Webber also writes a regular column, titled Life After Deb, in Australian magazine Woman's Day.

## Controversy

Critics have pointed out her show uses cold reading and other techniques used by entertainers like Derren Brown.

### Caught on Hidden Camera

On 13 August 2004 Australian Channel 7 broadcast a show called "Caught on Hidden Camera", in which they asked Webber to give readings to three people. The three asked to contact deceased relatives that did not exist. Webber claimed she was able to 'contact' these people. This was later screened in New Zealand on the show Eating Media Lunch as "Sensing Bullshit".

### TVNZ psychic disagreement

   "I was walking past the television and [Aisling] popped up, and I went 'oh, she's in a ditch, hole, in West Auckland. That's what I got, instantly".
Deb Webber to Paul Henry on Breakfast
Webber was involved in controversy regarding a high-profile missing child case in New Zealand in October 2009. The family of missing child Aisling Symes were introduced to Sensing Murder medium Webber by state broadcaster Television New Zealand (TVNZ), a move which was criticised in the media due to Aisling only having disappeared two days previously. One policeman said when questioned if the New Zealand police would use comments made by Webber on television show Breakfast: "I'm totally aghast - it seems like a totally commercial play". TVNZ responded with the following statement: "We're not trying to push a psychic message to make money and get ratings". Hundreds of e-mails were sent to the station.
# Cai Pei

Cai Pei (Chinese: 蔡培; pinyin: Cài Péi; Wade–Giles: Ts'ai P'ei; Hepburn: Sai Bai; 1884–1960) was a diplomat and politician in the pre-World War II Republic of China. He held a number of important posts during the collaborationist Reorganized National Government of China, and successively held the positions of Mayor of Nanjing Special City and Ambassador to Japan. His courtesy name was Ziping (子平).

## Biography

Cai Pei was born in Wuxi, Jiangsu Province. He went to study to Japan and graduated from the Department of Law of Waseda University. After his return to China, together with Liu Yazi he helped establish the literary and poetry society Nanshe. He also was elected Member of the Legislative Yuan. In January 1928 Cai was appointed legislative secretary of the Ministry for Transportation under the Nationalist Government. In January 1930 he was promoted to Chief of the Aviation Bureau of the Ministry for Transportation. In 1935 he was transferred to the position of Chief of the Civil Administration Bureau of the Ministry of the Interior.
In March 1940, when the Reorganized National Government of China led by Wang Jingwei was established, Cai Pei was appointed Policy Affairs Vice-Minister for Commerce and Industry. In June he accepted the post of Mayor of Nanjing Special City. In December he assumed the office of Chairman of the Rationing Management Commission. Afterwards he served in the Political Affairs Committee of the Executive Yuan. In March 1943 he was appointed Ambassador to the Empire of Japan. After his return to Nanjing in May 1945, he was appointed a Member of the National Government.
After the surrender of Japan and collapse of the collaborationist Reorganized National Government of China, Cai Pei was arrested as a hanjian on orders of Chiang Kai-shek's National Government in September 1945. The following July he was charged with promoting "Sino-Japanese friendship" and sentenced to death by the Shanghai High Court. After appealing to the Supreme Court, his sentence was commuted to life imprisonment in November 1947.
Cai Pei served his sentence in Shanghai at the Tilanqiao Prison. After the People's Republic of China was established, his situation remained unchanged. In August 1956, following deterioration in his health condition, he was allowed to receive medical treatment. Cai Pei died in prison in 1960.
# The Rainbow Tulip

The Rainbow Tulip is a 1999 historical fiction children's picture book by Pat Mora and illustrated by Elizabeth Sayles. Published by Viking Children's Books in 1999, it follows the story of a young girl named Estelita. Estelita is the only Hispanic student in the first-grade class and feels very different than the rest of her classmates. Her heritage is different than many of the other children and she struggles with looking and sounding different than the other kids. Estelita is bilingual and speaks English at school while her parents speak only Spanish. She loves her family but notices that even her mother stands out from the other mothers in her class. Estelita embraces her heritage but doesn't always love feeling so different than everyone else. With the help of a colorful costume and a joyous dance around a maypole, Estelita learns to embrace standing out from her classmates. Estelita's thoughts and feelings are at the forefront of this story as she finds comfort with who she is.

## Background

Pat Mora is a picture book author, poet, educator, and advocate. She is often recognized for her advocacy for bilingual literacy and often incorporates Spanish and English language into her books and poetry. Mora grew up in a bilingual household is passionate about representing both languages in her work. She hopes that the representation will encourage readers to feel proud of whatever combinations languages they speak and the heritage they come from. Mora wrote The Rainbow Tulip as a Mother's Day gift to her mother, Estela Mora. The story is based on the experiences of Mora's mother in the first grade as an immigrant child in El Paso, Texas.

## Reception

The Rainbow Tulip was reviewed in such outlets as Booklist, Kirkus Reviews, and The Horn Book Guide.
# Ten Little Fingers and Ten Little Toes

Ten Little Fingers and Ten Little Toes is a 2008 children's picture book by Mem Fox and Helen Oxenbury. It is about babies, who, although they are from around the world, all share the common trait of having the same number of digits.

## Reception

Ten Little Fingers has been commended for its positive treatment of racial diversity.
A review by The New York Times stated that "two beloved picture-book creators — the storyteller Mem Fox and the artist Helen Oxenbury — merge their talents in a winsome look at babies around the world". Booklist called it "a standout for its beautiful simplicity" and "a gentle, joyous offering" School Library Journal described it as a "nearly perfect picture book" and concluded: "Whether shared one-on-one or in storytimes, where the large trim size and big, clear images will carry perfectly, this selection is sure to be a hit". Publishers Weekly, in a starred review, wrote: "Put two titans of kids' books together for the first time, and what do you get (besides the urge to shout, "What took you so long?")? The answer: an instant classic". New York Journal of Books, in a review of a bilingual edition, wrote: "This is a sturdy, toddler-sized board book that has something for everybody. Ms. Fox's text, soft and pure, offers sweet innocence, the joy of lives beginning, and the unique beauty of the mother-child love. Artist Helen Oxenbury's exquisite illustrations are the perfect complement to the text".
The Horn Book Magazine referred to it as a "love song": "Snuggle up with your favorite baby and kiss those fingers and toes to both your hearts' content". BookPage Reviews called it "a jewel of a picture book" and wrote: "With minimal text, and sweet illustrations by beloved British artist Helen Oxenbury, it's truly an international treat. .. Ten Little Fingers and Ten Little Toes gently presents—but never preaches—a satisfying lesson about humanity and international harmony".
Ten Little Fingers has also been reviewed by the Journal of Children's Literature, The Christian Century, First Opinions -- Second Reactions, YC: Young Children.
It won the 2009 Australian Book Industry Book of the Year for Younger Children Award.
# Ashok Bajpai

Ashok Bajpai (born 26 July 1949) is a politician from Bharatiya Janata Party and member of the Upper House of Indian Parliament – Rajya Sabha. Bajpai has been active for 40 years in Indian Politics. He was elected on Six occasions Member of Legislative Assembly (MLA) from Pihani constituency in Hardoi district, Uttar Pradesh while losing three times in the same constituency over the period of 30 years. He was also a Member of Legislative Council (MLC) of Uttar Pradesh.

## Early life and education

Bajpai was born into a farmer's family in a small village in Uttar Pradesh. He was a National Cadet Corps (NCC) cadet in his school days, where he won a gold medal in shooting.
He completed his Bachelors in Science (BSc) from Lucknow University and then went on to do a Diploma in Public Administration. He holds double M.A. in Political Science and Public Administration. Bajpai's later chose Public Administration as a subject for his PhD as well. He is the author of the book entitled 'Panchayati Raj in India'. Bajpai also received a degree in law.

## Political journey

Bajpai became actively involved in politics as a student and started his political career with Akhil Bharatiya Vidyarthi Parishad. He was an active participant in the Jayaprakash Narayan Movement. He went to jail in June 1975 during the protest against the Emergency (India) and stayed in the jail as a political prisoner for a period of 19 months. After getting released from jail, he joined Janata Party and was appointed National Secretary of its Youth League in Uttar Pradesh. He has been elected to the Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly multiple times. He was elected to Rajya Sabha from Uttar Pradesh in March 2018.
* He first entered the Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly in the year 1977 on the Janata Party Janata Party ticket. He became the Minister for Higher Education and Hill Development.
* In 1985, Bajpai was re-elected to the Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly and was made the Chief Whip of that assembly.
* In 1989, he was Education Minister in the Uttar Pradesh Government.
* In 1992, he became a founding member of the newly formed Samajwadi Party and won with a wide margin in the state elections.
* In 1996, he once again became M.L.A from Hardoi.
* From 1998 to 2002, he successfully chaired the Lok Lekha Samiti (Public Accounts Committee) four times consecutively.
* In 2003, he was re-elected M.L.A from Hardoi district.
* In 2003, he held the office of Minister for Food and Civil Supplies in the Government of Uttar Pradesh .
* From 2004 to 2007 he was the Cabinet Minister for Agriculture and Religious Work .
* In 2016, he was elected to Uttar Pradesh Legislative Council. He resigned from the council in August 2017.
* In 2018, he was elected to Rajya Sabha from Uttar Pradesh.

## Published books

* Panchayati Raj in India – Two Volumes
* Panchayati Raj and Rural Development
* Role of Panchayati Raj in India
* U.P mein Gandhiji
# Alum Rock, Pennsylvania

Alum Rock is an historic community located in Clarion County, Pennsylvania. It is located at 41.1672840 -79.6211593. Its post office operated until 1944.

## Sources

* U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1:62,500-scale topographic maps
* Foxburg Survey, 1944
* Alum Rock, Pennsylvania, Geographic Names Information System, U.S. Geological Survey.
41°10′02″N 79°37′16″W﻿ / ﻿41.16722°N 79.62111°W﻿ / 41.16722; -79.62111
* This Clarion County, Pennsylvania state location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Whatcha Packin'

Whatcha Packin' is an aftershow for RuPaul's Drag Race and its All Stars and Down Under spin-offs, hosted by Michelle Visage, who acts as a main judge for all three series. Its first season was aired in conjunction with the sixth season of RuPaul's Drag Race.

## Format

Whatcha Packin' features Visage interviewing each contestant on a particular season as they are eliminated, or, in the case of finalists, before the season finale airs. The show is an opportunity for the contestant to discuss their drag, their journey in the competition, and their experience after filming the show, as well as showcase some runway looks they were unable to wear on the show.
The series is sometimes known by alternative names. For the second season of RuPaul's Drag Race All Stars it was called The Final Lap, whereas for the first two seasons of RuPaul's Drag Race Down Under it was known as How's Your Head, Queen?.

## Episodes

| Season | Episodes | Drag Race season | First released | Last released |
| 1 | 13 | RuPaul's Drag Race season 6 | February 25, 2014 | May 20, 2014 |
| 2 | 13 | RuPaul's Drag Race season 7 | March 3, 2015 | May 19, 2015 |
| 3 | 11 | RuPaul's Drag Race season 8 | March 7, 2016 | May 17, 2016 |
| 4 | 9 | RuPaul's Drag Race All Stars season 2 | August 25, 2016 | October 14, 2016 |
| 5 | 14 | RuPaul's Drag Race season 9 | April 3, 2017 | July 2, 2017 |
| 6 | 10 | RuPaul's Drag Race All Stars season 3 | January 29, 2018 | March 19, 2018 |
| 7 | 13 | RuPaul's Drag Race season 10 | March 26, 2018 | July 3, 2018 |
| 8 | 10 | RuPaul's Drag Race All Stars season 4 | December 16, 2018 | February 17, 2019 |
| 9 | 15 | RuPaul's Drag Race season 11 | March 1, 2019 | May 28, 2019 |
| 10 | 12 | RuPaul's Drag Race season 12 | March 13, 2020 | May 25, 2020 |
| 11 | 10 | RuPaul's Drag Race All Stars season 5 | June 5, 2020 | July 24, 2020 |
| 12 | 13 | RuPaul's Drag Race season 13 | January 23, 2021 | April 19, 2021 |
| 13 | 6 | RuPaul's Drag Race Down Under season 1 | May 1, 2021 | June 5, 2021 |
| 14 | 13 | RuPaul's Drag Race All Stars season 6 | June 24, 2021 | September 6, 2021 |
| 15 | 14 | RuPaul's Drag Race season 14 | January 21, 2022 | April 24, 2022 |
| 16 | 7 | RuPaul's Drag Race Down Under season 2 | July 30, 2022 | September 10, 2022 |
| 17 | 16 | RuPaul's Drag Race season 15 | January 6, 2023 | April 11, 2023 |
| 18 | 14 | RuPaul's Drag Race season 16 | January 20, 2024 | April 17, 2024 |

## Accolades

Whatcha Packin' received a nomination at the 74th Primetime Creative Arts Emmy Awards for Outstanding Short Form Nonfiction or Reality Series in 2022. Visage was nominated as a producer of the series.
# Fairchild 45-80 Sekani

The Fairchild 45-80 Sekani (named for an indigenous people of Canada) was a Canadian twin-engined transport aircraft developed in Canada in the late 1930s. Although the 45-80 was the largest bush plane developed by Fairchild, its poor performance doomed the project, and nearly the company.

## Design and development

Designed by Fairchild (Canada) in the hope of attracting orders from the Royal Canadian Air Force and Canadian Airways,the 45-80 was an ambitious project, being the largest design yet attempted. The Sekani was a large sesquiplane of conventional configuration, with the sets of wings joined to the top and bottom of the fuselage and braced by N-struts. The lower set of wings were little more than stubs; their bracing to the upper wings passed through the engine nacelles (mounted on the upper wings), and they carried the pontoon undercarriage beneath them. Following typical Fairchild construction, the fuselage and empennage were made of fabric-covered welded steel tubing while the main wings were a combination of spruce spars and stainless steel ribs, also fabric covered. The "stub" wings were of heavy steel construction. The retractable undercarriage (a first for a Canadian designed aircraft) also featured streamlined fairings when the aircraft was equipped with skis.
Testing commenced in August 1937 and revealed a number of serious deficiencies in the design, including that the aircraft was overweight and impossible to control directionally when flying on only one engine as the ailerons caused severe drag tending to turn the aircraft in the opposite direction.

## Operational history

The RCAF tested the 45-80 in October 1937, investigating its potential as a photographic platform, but ultimately rejecting it. Canadian Airways tests showed that the new design had a payload capacity no greater than the single-engine types that they were already operating. A second prototype was built, but the whole project was soon abandoned with the completed prototypes along with three unassembled production examples being scrapped.
Fairchild recovered from the financial disaster that was looming after the Sekani's cancellation when the company landed a lucrative contract to build Bristol Bolingbroke bombers as part of the shadow factory system that was set up to supply RAF needs.

## Specifications

Data from Canadian Aircraft Since 1909
General characteristics
* Crew: Two pilots
* Capacity: 12 passengers
* Length: 11.94 m (39 ft 2 in)
* Wingspan: 17.27 m (57 ft 0 in)
* Height: 3.63 m (11 ft 11 in)
* Wing area: 54.3 m$^2$ (584.5 sq ft)
* Empty weight: 3,223 kg (7,100 lb)
* Gross weight: 4,313 kg (9,500 lb)
* Powerplant: 2 × Pratt & Whitney Wasp Junior , 300 kW (400 hp) each
Performance
* Maximum speed: 308.9 km/h (192 mph, 167 kn)
* Cruise speed: 275.1 km/h (171 mph, 149 kn)
* Service ceiling: 4,572 m (15,000 ft)
* Rate of climb: 6.0 m/s (1,180 ft/min)
# Ralph Clilverd

Ralph Egerton Clilverd MC (30 July 1887 – 7 June 1970) was a British modern pentathlete. He competed at the 1912 Summer Olympics at the age of 24, where he placed 1st in swimming with a time of 4:58.4 and 11th overall.
He was awarded an MC in 1917 serving in the Royal Field Artillery.