OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Figure-8 laser

A figure-8 laser is a fiber laser with a figure-8-shaped ring resonator. It is used for making pico- and femtosecond soliton pulses. The typical spectrum of such a laser consists of a wide central peak and a few narrow lateral peaks that are placed symmetrically around it. The amplitudes of the narrow peaks are the same as or less than that of the central peak.
Both loops of the resonator work as Sagnac loops. The active medium of the laser is optical fiber with its core doped with rare-earth ions. It is placed asymmetrically with respect to the resonator loops to make a nonlinear difference in phase between opposite waves, ensuring mode locking. In 1992 a figure-8 laser was built with a smaller loop length of 1.6 m and a larger loop length of 60.8 m for generation of 315 fs pulses with repetition rate 125 MHz.
# Elsinore Fault Zone

The Elsinore Fault Zone is a large right-lateral strike-slip geological fault structure in Southern California. The fault is part of the trilateral split of the San Andreas Fault system and is one of the largest, though quietest faults in Southern California.

## Fault characteristics

The Elsinore Fault Zone, not including Whittier, Chino, and Laguna Salada faults, is 180 kilometers (110 mi) long with a slip-rate of 4.0 millimeters/year (0.15 in/yr). It is estimated that this zone is capable of producing a quake of 6.5–7.5 M$_W$. The projected interval between major rupture events is 250 years.
The last major rupture event on the main Elsinore fault was in 1910 with a 6 M$_W$ earthquake centered just northwest of the city of Lake Elsinore.

## Fault segments and geography

The fault runs from the mountainous Peninsular Ranges region between El Centro and San Diego, northwest to the Chino Hills range and Chino Hills. On the southern end of the fault zone is the southeastern extension of the Elsinore fault zone, the Laguna Salada Fault. At its northern end, the Elsinore Fault Zone splits into two segments, the Chino Fault and the Whittier Fault. In the Elsinore Trough, the Elsinore Fault Zone creates four graben rift valleys between the Santa Ana Mountain Block and the Perris Block: the Temescal Valley, Elsinore Valley with its large sag pond of Lake Elsinore and the Temecula Valley and Wolf Valley. In the Elsinore Trough the fault zone is split into pairs of parallel strands with the Glen Ivy North Fault and Lee Lake Fault forming the first valley, the Glen Ivy South Fault and Willard Faults the second and the Willard and Wildomar Faults the last two valleys to the southeast.
A multi-year study published in 2018 suggests a connection between the Elsinore fault and other fault lines farther south, in Mexico: "...observations of the Yuha Desert and Salton Trough suggest that the 2010 M7.2 El Mayor ‐ Cucapah earthquake rupture, the Laguna Salada fault in Baja California, Mexico, and the Elsinore fault in California are part of the same fault system."
# Burmese in Thailand

Burmese in Thailand (Thai: ชาวพม่าในไทย, Burmese: ထိုင်းနိုင်ငံရှိမြန်မာများ) constitute Thailand's largest migrant population. According to the 2014 Myanmar Census, 1,418,472 former Burmese residents, including 812,798 men and 605,674 women, were living in Thailand, constituting about 70% of Burma's overseas population. Burmese in Thailand tend to fall into three categories: professional migrants working in the business or professional sectors, laborers working in low-skilled professions, and refugees fleeing conflict.
Migrant workers tend to hold low-skilled jobs in the fishing and seafood processing, construction, garment, and domestic service industries. Macquarie University estimates that the average annual remittances from Thailand to Burma exceed US$300 million. The movement of Burmese nationals into Thailand began in the 1970s, following the 1962 Burmese coup d'état and resulting economic decline from implementation of the Burmese Way to Socialism, and ongoing civil conflicts. Burmese migrants contribute tremendously to the Thai economy, contributing between 5 and 6.2% of Thailand's GDP.
Samut Sakhon province is home to Thailand's largest Burmese migrant community, representing about 200,000 Burmese migrants. Other large Burmese communities reside in Mae Sot, Ranong,
In 2003, the Thai and Burmese governments signed a memorandum of understanding to formally recognize this labor migration flow and legalize migration through a government program to recruit workers directly from Burma, and to use a nationality verification process whereby migrant workers receive a temporary passport, an identity certificate, a visa to remain in Thailand for two years, and a change of work status to legal.
There are also roughly 150,000 Burmese refugees living at 9 official camps on the Thai–Burmese border. The largest such camp is Mae La refugee camp. In 2014, the Thai government announced plans to repatriate Burmese refugees who have been living in border camps for the past 2 decades.
# Lambak Kanan Library

Lambak Kanan Library (Malay: Perpustakaan Lambak Kanan, officially Perpustakaan Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka Lambak Kanan) is a public library located in Lambak Kanan area in Brunei-Muara, Brunei. It is one of the public libraries operated by Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka Brunei.

## History

The construction of the building began in 2005 and it took two years to complete. On 18 March 2008, the library was officially opened by the then Minister of Culture, Youth and Sports. The cost of the construction was B$975,525 ($720,000 as of December 2017).
# Flibbertigibbet

Flibbertigibbet is a Middle English word referring to a flighty or whimsical person, usually a young woman. In modern use, it is used as a slang term, especially in Yorkshire, for a gossipy or overly talkative person.

## Etymology

Its origin may lie in a meaningless representation of chattering.

## In literature and culture

This word also has a historical use as a name for a fiend, devil, or spirit. In the 15th-century English morality play The Castle of Perseverance, the Bad Angel addresses the vice figure Detraccio (also called Backbiter and the messenger of the World) as Flyprgebet (line 1724). In William Shakespeare's King Lear (IV, i (1605)), he is one of the five fiends that Edgar claimed was possessing him, this one in the posture of beggar Tom o' Bedlam. Shakespeare got the name from Samuel Harsnett's Declaration of Egregious Popish Impostures (1603), where one reads of 40 fiends that Jesuits cast out and among which was Fliberdigibbet, described as one of "foure deuils of the round, or Morrice, whom Sara in her fits, tuned together, in measure and sweet ucadence."
It has been used by extension as a synonym for Puck. It is also used as a nickname for a character in Sir Walter Scott's Kenilworth, and has gained the meaning of an impish child. Victor Hugo made a 1828 theatrical adaptation of the novel Kenilworth titled Amy Robsart, where Flibbertigibet is one of the main characters in the story.
Flibbertigibbet similarly is featured as a name in a local legend about Wayland's Smithy. According to the tale, Flibbertigibbet was apprentice to Wayland the Smith and greatly exasperated his master. Eventually, Wayland threw Flibbertigibbet down the hill and into a valley, where he was transformed into a stone. Scott associates his Flibbertigibbet character in Kenilworth with Wayland Smith.
In 1942, author Roald Dahl wrote his first children's novel, The Gremlins, in which Gremlins were tiny men who lived on RAF fighters. In the same novel, Dahl called the wives of gremlins "Fifinellas", their male children "Widgets", and their female children "Flibbertigibbets".
The nuns describe free-spirited Sister Maria as, “A flibbertigibbet! A will-o’-the wisp! A clown!” in the show tune “Maria” from the 1959 Broadway musical ':The Sound of Music by Rodgers and Hammerstein, and in the subsequent 1965 movie.
In the 1969 book Slaughterhouse-Five by Kurt Vonnegut, Barbara Pilgrim, the daughter of the protagonist, is described as a "bitchy flibbertigibbet."
In the 1990 American romantic comedy film Joe Versus the Volcano, Meg Ryan's character Angelica refers to herself as a flibbertigibbet.
In the 2011 book Ready Player One, Art3mis, a famous female gunter and blogger, refers to herself as a Flibbertigibbet upon meeting the protagonist.
In 2018 British Author Chris Redmile released a children's book titled The Flibber-ti-gibbet, a read in rhyme book designed to educate children about the traits of ADHD.
In 2022 British politician Lord Cormack referred to Michael Gove as a "Flibbertigibbet" following disputes over the relocation of the House of Lords.
# Üstün Bilgi

Üstün Bilgi (born 30 May 1988) is a Turkish footballer who plays as a forward for TFF Third League club Kepez Spor Futbol.
# Bigger and Blackerer

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | link |
| Pitchfork Media | (5.6/10) |
| The A.V. Club | B+ |
Bigger and Blackerer is a 2010 album and DVD by American stand-up comedian David Cross. The album's title plays on Chris Rock's comedy album, Bigger & Blacker, and the cover plays off of the popular art form of painting on black velvet, such as Velvet Elvis (and is reminiscent of the Ray Charles album Ray Charles Greatest Hits). Cross taped and recorded the album during two shows at the Wilbur Theatre in Boston.

## Track listing

Bigger and Blackerer does not follow the non-sequitur track titling of Cross' previous albums, Shut Up You Fucking Baby! and It's Not Funny.
* "Opening Song (The Sultan's Revenge)" – 4:18
* "If You Care" – 1:44
* "That One Show About Drugs And Stuff" – 6:13
* "Me And Drugs" – 8:29
* "Black Stuff" – 2:48
* "...Or Worse" – 4:41
* "Where We Are Now Back In Sept. '09" – 9:06
* "Silly Religious Crazies" – 5:59
* "Really Silly Religious Crazies. I Mean, Double, Triple Crazy!!" – 3:40
* "Random Goofabouts" – 9:07
* "I Can't Get Beer In Me..." – 2:40
* "Lesson Learned" – 3:50

## Reception

The A.V. Club gave the album a B+. Pitchfork Media gave the album a 5.6.
# Alexander Greaux

Alex Greaux (born 22 September 1977) is a retired Puerto Rican steeplechaser who competed in the 2004 Summer Olympics.

## Competition record

| Year | Competition | Venue | Position | Event | Notes |
| Representing Puerto Rico ||||||
| 1994 | CAC Junior Championships (U20) | Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago | 6th | 5000 m | 15:47.2 |
| 1994 | CAC Junior Championships (U20) | Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago | 3rd | 3000 m s'chase | 9:27.8 |
| 1995 | Pan American Junior Championships | Santiago, Chile | 1st | 3000 m s'chase | 9:10.30 |
| 1996 | CAC Junior Championships (U20) | San Salvador, El Salvador | 2nd | 3000 m s'chase | 9:25.72 |
| 1998 | Central American and Caribbean Games | Maracaibo, Venezuela | 9th | 1500 m | 3:52.12 |
| 1998 | Central American and Caribbean Games | Maracaibo, Venezuela | – | 3000 m s'chase | DNF |
| 1999 | Universiade | Palma de Mallorca, Spain | 18th (h) | 1500 m | 3:54.26 |
| 2000 | NACAC U25 Championships | Monterrey, Mexico | 3rd | 3000 m s'chase | 9:00.61 |
| 2001 | Central American and Caribbean Championships | Guatemala City, Guatemala | 3rd | 3000 m s'chase | 9:03.52 |
| 2002 | Ibero-American Championships | Guatemala City, Guatemala | 7th | 1500 m | 3:51.27 |
| 2002 | Ibero-American Championships | Guatemala City, Guatemala | 3rd | 4 × 400 m relay | 3:12.64 |
| 2002 | Central American and Caribbean Games | San Salvador, El Salvador | 2nd | 1500 m | 3:45.75 |
| 2002 | Central American and Caribbean Games | San Salvador, El Salvador | 1st | 3000 m s'chase | 8:42.39 |
| 2003 | Central American and Caribbean Championships | St. George's, Grenada | 1st | 3000 m s'chase | 8:39.68 |
| 2003 | Pan American Games | Santo Domingo, Dom. Rep. | – | 3000 m s'chase | DQ |
| 2004 | Ibero-American Championships | Huelva, Spain | 9th | 3000 m s'chase | 9:11.11 |
| 2004 | Olympic Games | Athens, Greece | 28th (h) | 3000 m s'chase | 8:33.62 |
| 2005 | Central American and Caribbean Championships | Nassau, Bahamas | 1st | 3000 m s'chase | 8:56.15 |
| 2005 | World Championships | Helsinki, Finland | 34th (h) | 3000 m s'chase | 8:39.91 |
| 2006 | Ibero-American Championships | Ponce, Puerto Rico | 1st | 3000 m s'chase | 9:12.70 |
| 2006 | Central American and Caribbean Games | Cartagena, Colombia | 1st | 3000 m s'chase | 8:44.51 |
| 2007 | Pan American Games | Rio de Janeiro, Brazil | 8th | 3000 m s'chase | 8:59.47 |
| 2008 | Central American and Caribbean Championships | Cali, Colombia | 2nd | 3000 m s'chase | 9:12.70 |
| 2010 | Ibero-American Championships | San Fernando, Spain | 6th | 3000 m s'chase | 8:55.55 |
| 2010 | Central American and Caribbean Games | Mayagüez, Puerto Rico | 1st | 3000 m s'chase | 8:56.47 |
# Arthur Milgram

Arthur Norton Milgram (3 June 1912 – 30 January 1961) was an American mathematician. He made contributions in functional analysis, combinatorics, differential geometry, topology, partial differential equations, and Galois theory. Perhaps one of his more famous contributions is the Lax–Milgram theorem—a theorem in functional analysis that is particularly applicable in the study of partial differential equations. In the third chapter of Emil Artin's book Galois Theory, Milgram also discussed some applications of Galois theory. Milgram also contributed to graph theory, by co-authoring the article Verallgemeinerung eines graphentheoretischen Satzes von Rédei with Tibor Gallai in 1960.
Milgram was born in Philadelphia, and received his Ph.D. from the University of Pennsylvania in 1937. He worked under the supervision of John Kline (a student of Robert Lee Moore). His dissertation was titled "Decompositions and Dimension of Closed Sets in R$^n$".
Milgram advised 2 students at Syracuse University in the 1940s and 1950s (Robert M. Exner and Adnah Kostenbauder ). In the 1950s, Milgram moved to the University of Minnesota at Minneapolis and helped found Minnesota's well-known PDE group. At Minnesota, Milgram was also the Ph.D. advisor for Robert Duke Adams . Milgram's son R. James (Richard) Milgram (Professor Emeritus at Stanford ) also studied mathematics and received his Ph.D. from Minnesota.

## Selected publications

* Lax, Peter D.; Milgram, Arthur N. (1954), "Parabolic equations", Contributions to the theory of partial differential equations, Annals of Mathematics Studies, vol. 33, Princeton, N. J.: Princeton University Press, pp. 167–190, MR 0067317, Zbl 0058.08703 – via De Gruyter
* Gallai, T.; Milgram, A. N. (1960), "Verallgemeinerung eines graphentheoretischen Satzes von Rédei" [Generalization of a graph theoretical theorem of Rédei], Acta Scientiarum Mathematicarum (in German), 21 (3–4): 181–186, MR 0140442, Zbl 0101.16608, archived from the original on 2016-09-16, retrieved 2016-09-04.
* Milgram, A. N. (1971) [1944], "Chapter III: Applications", Galois Theory, by Artin, Emil, Notre Dame Mathematical Lectures, vol. 2 (reprint of 2nd ed.), Indiana: University of Notre Dame, pp. 69–82, MR 0009934, Zbl 0060.04814.
# Mario Martiradonna

Mario Martiradonna (28 August 1938 – 20 November 2011) was an Italian footballer who played as a defender.

## Career

Raised in Melfi, with whom he played three fourth series championships, after being rejected in a trial in Basilicata by Montescaglioso, he made his Serie C debut in 1959, with Teramo. The following year he moved to Reggiana, in Serie B, and wore the shirt for two seasons.
In 1962 he moved to Cagliari, a team to which he remained linked for the rest of his competitive career, obtaining the Sardinians' first promotion to Serie A ( 1963-1964 ) and the 1969-70 scudetto; he was one of three players who celebrated both historic milestones, in addition to Ricciotti Greatti and Gigi Riva.
In Serie A he played a total of 239 games and scored 4 goals. The first was in Cagliari-Lazio (3-0) on 4 April 1965, the second in Cagliari-Bologna (1-1) on 28 January 1968, the third in Cagliari-Fiorentina (2-0) on 22 November 1970 and the fourth and last in Cagliari-Palermo (2-0) on 15 October 1972.

## Acknowledgements

* Cagliari included him in their Hall of fame.
* He is included in the Top 11 Rossoblù - The strongest of all time, the lineup voted by the fans including the best rossoblù of all time.

## Honours

* 1969-70 Serie A
# Dioon caputoi

Dioon caputoi is a species of cycad that is native to the state of Puebla, Mexico. It is found near Loma de la Grana, located 6 km southwest of San Luis Atolotitlán (formerly San Luis Tultitlanapa), Caltepec. It is protected by the Tehuacán-Cuicatlán Biosphere Reserve. As of 2018, there are only five or six known populations of Dioon caputoi remaining in the wild. Within each population are between 50 and 120, primarily adult, specimens that are distributed randomly throughout the dry scrubland. The total mature population now stands at an estimated 2,000 to 2,500 individuals.
# Marfrig

Marfrig S.A. is the second largest Brazilian food processing company, after JBS. The company is headquartered in São Paulo. The company has 33 production units around the world and operational bases in 22 countries, exporting their products to over 100. Its activities include the production, processing, industrialization, sale and distribution of food based on animal protein, in addition to the sale of other food byproducts, such as frozen vegetables, sauces and desserts. The company is one of the largest beef producers in the world.

## Group activities

Marfrig has about 40,000 employees and has the following structure of units: 33 units of cattle industry (24 in Brazil, five in Argentina, and four in Uruguay), 21 industrial units of chickens (14 in Brazil, four in Europe, and three in the United States), 48 plants for industrial goods and processed (16 in Brazil, five in Argentina, three in Uruguay, eight in the US, one in China, one in Thailand, one in Malaysia, one in South Korea, one in Australia, and 11 in Europe), four industrial pig units in Brazil, two industrial units of turkeys (one in Brazil and one in Europe), five plants of lamb (one in Brazil, three in Uruguay and one in Chile), 27 own factories of feed for chickens, turkeys, and pigs (21 in Brazil, three in Europe and three in the U.S.) and two trading companies (Chile and the United Kingdom), 14 industries and commercial offices for leather (one in Brazil, four in Uruguay, one in China, one in Germany, two in the U.S., one in Argentina, one in Mexico, and three in South Africa). The daily capacity is 31,200 head of cattle, 10,400 pigs, 10,400 sheep, 350,000 turkeys, and 3.7 million chickens.
In addition, the company has an installed capacity around 126,000 tons of processed products, and more than 178,500 pieces of leather processed per month. In June 2010, it announced the acquisition of Keystone Foods, a supplier of processed meats for the restaurant chain McDonald's and other companies. In 2018, Marfrig sold Keystone to Tyson Foods.

## Attention from institutional investors due to Amazon rainforest destruction

Marfrig Global Foods's beef exports has repeatedly implicated in illegal deforestation, as well as indigenous land rights violations and slave labour according to the environmental watchdog Forests and Finance. It has previously been identified as having a problematic beef supply chain fuelling the deforestation of the Amazon forest. The deforestation free supply chain watchdog Forest 500 further identified Marfrig's commitments as being insufficient, with a commitment strength of 9/20 In February 2022, IDB Invest, the private-sector arm of the Inter-American Development Bank shelved a US$200 million loan to Marfrig Global Foods over the group's deforestation impact.
On 21. December 2021 the Government Pension Fund of Norway placed Marfrig under observation "due to risk that the company contributes to serious environmental damage".

## Sponsorship activities

The company was a sponsor of the 2010 and 2014 FIFA World Cups, the latter held in Marfrig's home country of Brazil.
# Bobby Bass

Bobby Bass (occasionally Bob Bass; August 6, 1936, California – November 7, 2001) was an American actor, stunt performer, and stunt coordinator/second unit director.

## Early life

Bass, a graduate of Morningside High School in Inglewood, California, was an enthusiast of the martial arts. As a teenager, he became a judo champion, meeting Gene LeBell who introduced him to the stunt industry in Hollywood.
Bass served in the military, initially as a paratrooper in the 82nd Airborne Division and then in Special Forces to become a special forces instructor. He resumed competing in judo and attained the rank of third degree black belt.

## Career

Bass made a career in movies and television in a variety of genres working with Burt Reynolds, Sylvester Stallone, and John Wayne. He taught martial arts and weapons handling to Geena Davis, Michael Douglas, Mel Gibson, Danny Glover, Susan Sarandon, and Kathleen Turner. Bass appeared in TV commercials and TV series such as Fantasy Island, MacGyver, Mission: Impossible, Star Trek: The Original Series, The A-Team, and The Twilight Zone.
Bass also championed safer working conditions for the stunt industry, especially after his then-fiancée and Melanie Griffith's best friend, Heidi von Beltz, was paralyzed performing a stunt that Bass had coordinated in 1980 for Cannonball Run. He abandoned her after the accident, and von Beltz was awarded $4.6 million in a wrongful-injury lawsuit.

## Personal life

Bass had two sons with his first wife. His second wife was Norma Collins, whom he was married to until his death. He was stepfather to Collins' four children, including actress Bo Derek. He suffered from Parkinson's disease until his death by suicide in Los Angeles.

## Filmography

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 1973 | The Don Is Dead | Hijacker | Uncredited |
| 1976 | Bound for Glory | Head Goon at Migrant Camp | |
| 1980 | The Ninth Configuration | Driver | |
| 1980 | Tom Horn | Corbett's Bodyguard | |
| 1980 | The Hunter | Matthew Branch | |
| 1980 | Blood Beach | Rapist | |
| 1982 | Megaforce | Motorcycle Driver | |
| 1983 | Star 80 | 1st Hood | |
| 1985 | To Live and Die in L.A. | FBI Agent #1 | |
| 1987 | The Squeeze | Poker Player | |
| 1990 | Heart Condition | Armed Man | |
| 1933 | Excessive Force | Limo Driver | |
| 1994 | Pentathlon | Bartender / Patron | |
| 1995 | Jade | Assistant District Attorney | |
| 1996 | My Fellow Americans | NSA Hitman #1 | |
| 1997 | Grosse Pointe Blank | Assassin #1 | |
# Cissy King

Cissy King is an American-born singer and dancer best known as a featured performer on The Lawrence Welk Show television program.
King was born in Trinidad, Colorado. Her father was a geologist employed by an oil company. The family relocated to Albuquerque, New Mexico when Cissy was three.
An accomplished dancer since she was a toddler, King — along with her brother John — won first place at the National Ballroom Dancing Championships in San Francisco, California, when she was 14. They captured first place two more times and were also named U.S Ballroom Couple of the Year. Later, when attending the University of New Mexico, she majored in recreation and physical education and was a cheerleader, gymnast, and was on the synchronized swimming team. She continued to dance, in various ballroom competitions and on stage such as the Six Flags Over Texas campus revue.
In 1967, King became Bobby Burgess's dance partner on The Lawrence Welk Show when his first partner, Barbara Boylan, left to get married. For the next dozen years, she became one of the most popular performers on the show. In 1974, she was honored with the Dance Masters of America award for outstanding contributions to the field of dance.
After leaving the show in late 1978, she continued to perform. She appeared for several years with her own solo act "Two Fellows"; and acted in the Broadway touring production of Always Patsy.
Today, King lives in Albuquerque, where she continues to dance, and is active in creating new shows in major venues across her home state.