OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Vítor Alves (soldier)

Vitor Manuel Rodrigues Alves (30 September 1935 Mafra, Portugal – 9 January 2011) was a Portuguese soldier and politician. Alves, a former Captain of the Movimento das Forças Armadas (MFA), is regarded as a leading figure in the Carnation Revolution, which transitioned Portugal from an authoritarian dictatorship to a democracy.

## Biography

Born in Mafra, he was the son of Eduardo Manuel da Silva Alves and D. Maria Palmira Rodrigues.
He joined the Military School on 14 October 1954, and was a corporal by 1956, before attaining the rank of ensign in the infantry (1 November 1958). He obtained his first military commission to Mozambique (1958–1963); where he was assigned to the 2nd Division Regional Military detachment in Mozambique, obtaining the position of Lieutenant by 1 December 1960.
He was married on 29 March 1962, in the provincial town of Lourenço Marques, to Maria Teresa Gomes Ferreira de Almeida Alves, daughter of Eugénio Ferreira de Almeida and Ermelinda Teixeira Gomes.
Alves continued a successful military assignment with his promotion to Captain (14 July 1963), before being reassigned to a military commission in Angola (1963–1966). Before being included in the military commission in Angola (1967–1970), he was decorated with the Medal of Military Merit, 3rd Class in 1969. He was also decorated with the Governor General's Prize in Angola (1969) and Silver Medal for distinct service (1970).

### Carnation Revolution

He was a well-respected career soldier, he obtained the status of Major by 1 March 1972.
He became an active member of the group Direcção do Movimento dos Capitães of the MFA by 1973 and member of the political commission of the MFA by 8 March 1974. Alves helped to ensure that the uprising was not merely a military coup. At the time, his home was used by the conspirators for secret meetings, where he promoted the idea of including the generals in the National Salvation Junta, in order to give the revolution respectability. What followed was a full-scale civil revolution on the heels of a military coup.
During the Hot Summer (Portuguese: Verão Quente) period, Alves twice served as a government minister (defence and education) and once without portfolio, as a spokesman for the MFA. One of his projects during this period was a series of laws to help liberalize media activity, which were implemented until 1999.

### Later life

In 1982, Alves was appointed as an advisor to Portuguese President Ramalho Eanes. Alves later reached the rank of Colonel before transitioning into the army reserves in 1991, then retiring in 2001.
Alves died from cancer at the Hospital Militar in Lisbon, Portugal, on 9 January 2011, at the age of 75. He had been hospitalized for a period of time. His colleague, Otelo de Carvalho remembered Alves as "...an extremely important figure. He was always very moderate, always insisting that we should be realistic. And his arguments convinced us. He was a diplomat, and a gentleman to boot."
# Chojnice County

Chojnice County (Kashubian: Chòniczzi kréz, Polish: powiat chojnicki) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Pomeranian Voivodeship, northern Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Chojnice, which lies 103 kilometres (64 mi) south-west of the regional capital Gdańsk. The county also contains the towns of Czersk, lying 30 km (19 mi) east of Chojnice, and Brusy, 24 km (15 mi) north-east of Chojnice.
The county covers an area of 1,364.25 square kilometres (526.7 sq mi). As of 2019 its total population is 97,616, out of which the population of Chojnice is 39,890, that of Czersk is 9,910, that of Brusy is 5,188, and the rural population is 42,628.
Chojnice County on a map of the counties of Pomeranian Voivodeship
Chojnice County is bordered by Bytów County and Kościerzyna County to the north, Starogard County and Tuchola County to the east, Sępólno County to the south, and Człuchów County to the west.

## History

Between 1172 and 1920 the county, with varying boundaries, was part of Prussia. Following the First World War this part of West Prussia was awarded to Poland by the Treaty of Versailles. From 1938 to 1945 the Landkreis Konitz was part of the newly created Reichsgau Danzig-West Prussia.

## Administrative divisions

The county is subdivided into five gminas (one urban, two urban-rural and two rural). These are listed in the following table, in descending order of population.
| Gmina | Type | Area (km$^2$) | Population (2019) | Seat |
| Chojnice | urban | 21.1 | 39,890 | |
| Gmina Czersk | urban-rural | 379.9 | 21,643 | Czersk |
| Gmina Chojnice | rural | 458.3 | 19,195 | Chojnice * |
| Gmina Brusy | urban-rural | 400.7 | 14,572 | Brusy |
| Gmina Konarzyny | rural | 104.3 | 2,316 | Konarzyny |
| * seat not part of the gmina |||||

## Culture
### Monuments

On the list of the National Heritage Institute there are 54 objects from Chojnie County.
Referring to Voivodship Register of Monuments, there are over 808 objects located in the county. Most historical buildings are located in the commune of Chojnice - 294 items, and the least in the commune of Konarzyny - 41.
# Gobind Malhi

Gobind Malhi (5 August 1921-10 February 2001) was a Sindhi fictionist, essayist and a dramatist-director. He is credited with having revived Sindhi theatre in India. His extensive body of work comprises twenty-four novels, forty-one plays, forty short stories, and numerous articles covering a wide range of subjects. He has also directed over fifty productions.

## Biography
### Early years

Malhi was born in 1921, in Nawabshah District in a small village Tharushah, in a Hindu Zamindar family. From a young age, Malhi showed defiance against societal norms and a keen interest in music and nature. Personal circumstances significantly influenced Malhi's formative years. He lost his mother when he was just sixteen months old. He was also compelled into matrimony while still a student in Karachi due to societal pressure and familial norms. Despite these challenges, his education in Karachi provided him exposure to broader ideas and experiences.
Inspired by his father's extensive book collection, Malhi began writing poetry at 14. As an adult, he actively participated in the Indian National Independence Movement, causing a rift with his traditionalist father. Despite his father's objections, Malhi joined the 1942 'Quit India Movement' and faced imprisonment for violating colonial laws.

### Writing Career

In Karachi, Malhi gained recognition in literary circles, hosting gatherings attended by prominent writers of his time. He founded and edited the magazine Nia Duniya, promoting progressive Sindhi thought.
After the partition of India, Malhi relocated to Mumbai. His work includes over two dozen novels, three dozen short plays, and over thirty-five short stories, earning him numerous awards. Malhi's translations of literature from other languages enriched Sindhi literature, while his own works have been translated into multiple languages.
Malhi also made significant contributions to Sindhi culture through his work in drama, film, and music. His efforts to unite Sindhi writers under a shared platform further solidified his legacy within the Sindhi cultural and literary community.

## Books

* Sindhi Kahani Chayanika, Pakhira Valar Khan Vichuria
* Inqalabi Sipahi
* Aansun, Sargam Sahitya
* Zindagi Ji Rah Te, novel
* Sharam Booti, Sathi Sahitya
* Jeevan Sathi, novel
# Cheshmeh-ye Zard

Cheshmeh-ye Zard or Cheshmeh Zard (Persian: چشمه زرد) may refer to:
* Cheshmeh Zard, Razavi Khorasan
* Cheshmeh Zard, Nehbandan, South Khorasan
* Cheshmeh Zard, Shusef, South Khorasan
# Nasredeen Abdulbari

Nasredeen Abdulbari (Arabic: نصر الدين عبد الباري) is a Sudanese-American author, lawyer, and human rights advocate who became the Minister of Justice on 9 September 2019 in the transitional cabinet of Abdalla Hamdok, during the 2019 Sudanese transition to democracy.

## Early life and education

Abdulbari was born to a Fur family in Khartoum, Sudan in 1986. Kalthoum Ismail was his mother. When his older siblings were young, Abdulbari's family moved to Khartoum for better educational opportunities. However, shortly afterwards, his father returned to Darfur, leaving Ismail to raise Abdulbari and his 6 siblings. As a child, Abdulbari studied English.
After completing primary schooling, Abdulbari studied at the University of Khartoum, where he also served as a teaching assistant and later a lecturer in the department of international comparative law. He taught public international law, conflict of laws, and introduction to the English Legal courses. At the University of Khartoum, Abdulbari also met Mohammed Hassan Eltaishi, who would later represent the Sudanese government in peace talks with rebel groups.

## Life abroad

After teaching abroad, Abdulbari received a scholarship from Harvard University to continue studying law, where he would receive a Master of Laws in 2008. In 2018, Abdulbari married his wife, a Sudanese doctor in Britain. Abdulbari would move to London and later Washington, D.C., where he would study at Georgetown University until he was appointed Minister of Justice on 9 September 2019, as he was putting the final touches on his doctoral dissertation. While serving as Minister of Justice, he was able to successfully defend his doctoral dissertation and earn a Doctor of Juridical Science (SJD) degree from Georgetown University Law Center.

## Minister of Justice

Abdulbari was appointed Minister of Justice on 9 September 2019, while he was still living in the United States. As Minister of Justice, Abdulbari has worked to increase the rights of Sudanese citizens and especially women, including the repeal of the Public Order Laws that restricted women's rights in December 2019. Abdulbari has also advocated for Sudan to sign the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women.
# Reidar Hirsti

Reidar Andreas Hirsti (14 March 1925 – 12 April 2001) was a Norwegian newspaper editor and politician for the Labour Party.
He was born in Tana, and his first language was Sami. During his childhood he experienced Norwegianization as well as the brutal scorched earth retreat by Nazi German occupants in 1944. He finished his secondary education as late as in 1947. He enrolled in studies, but did not complete them. Instead he was the chairman of Workers' Youth League, the youth wing of the Labour Party, from 1955 to 1958.
Hirsti then became known as editor-in-chief of Arbeiderbladet. He was appointed at the Labour Party national convention in 1963, and the editor position also secured him a seat in the Labour Party central committee. From 1970 to 1974 he chaired the Association of Norwegian Editors. He was removed by people in the party in 1974. From 1974 to 1975, during the second cabinet Bratteli, he served as State Secretary in the Ministry of Industry. He then spent his career in the Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation. Most notably he was the programme editor from 1980 to 1987. From 1976 to 1980 he was a board member of the Arts Council Norway. He retired in 1995.
Hirsti authored many books, many about historical or Sami topics. He biographed Johan Nygaardsvold, Gro Harlem Brundtland and Yngve Hågensen. His 1991 book Partipisken describes the inner discipline of the Labour Party and its newspaper. In 2000 he received the Fritt Ord Honorary Award.
His wife since 1954 died in October 1989. Hirsti died in April 2001 in Oslo.
# E. Barton Worthington

Edgar Barton Worthington (13 January 1905 – 14 October 2001) was a British ecologist and science administrator.

## Biography

His parents were Edgar and Amy Worthington. His early education was at Rugby School, before he went up to gain a First in Zoology at Gonville and Cauis College at Cambridge. After university, his work alternated between Britain and Africa. He took part in an African lakes expedition in 1927–31; and in an African research expedition 1934–37, for which he was awarded the Mungo Park Medal of the Royal Scottish Geographical Society.
He was secretary to and first full-time director of the Freshwater Biological Association 1937–46. He returned to Africa in the late 1940s as science and development advisor. He was deputy scientific director for the Nature Conservancy 1957–65, and scientific director of the International Biological Programme (IBP) 1964–74. His interests included water biology and international nature conservation, including the environmental impacts of drainage and irrigation. He was appointed CBE in 1977.
In 1930, Worthington married Stella Johnson, who had been a member of the earlier expeditions he had undertaken and who shared many of his interests. In 1933, they jointly published the book Inland Waters of Africa. They had three daughters, all of whom followed their parents' scientific inclinations. Stella Worthington died in 1978. Two years later, he married Harriet Stockton. He died on 14 December 2001.

## Taxa named in honour

Worthington is commemorated in the scientific name of a species of venomous viper, Bitis worthingtoni, which is endemic to the high central Rift Valley of Kenya; and in the names of the Lake Victoria endemic cichlids Haplochromis bartoni and H. worthingtoni.

## Partial bibliography

* 1933: Inland Waters of Africa: The Result of Two Expeditions to the Great Lakes of Kenya and Uganda, with Accounts of Their Biology, Native Tribes and Development (with Stella Worthington), Macmillan and co Ltd
* 1938: SCIENCE IN AFRICA: A REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH RELATING TO TROPICAL AND SOUTHERN AFRICA, Oxford University Press, London, New York, Toronto.
* 1951: Life in Lakes and Rivers (with T. T. Macan). New Naturalist #15. Collins, London.
* 1983: The Ecological Century: A Personal Appraisal. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0198545569
* 2009: The Evolution of IBP (editor). Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0521116114 (this overall account was first published in 1975)
# Ghor Al-Safi SC

Ghor Al-Safi Sports Club (Arabic: نادي غور الصافي الرياضي) is a Jordanian football club based in Al-Karak, Jordan, representing the Ghor es-Safi region. It currently competes in the Jordanian First Division League, the second tier of Jordanian football.

## History

Ghor Al-Safi SC is noted for having a successful youth academy, which led to Al-Faisaly opening up an academy in the region in August 2019.
On 17 September 2019, Al-Wehdat completed the transfer of midfielder Ibrahim Al-Mashaleh from Ghor Al-Safi.
On 3 February 2020, Ghor Al-Safi was making preparations for the Jordanian Third Division League, renewing several of its players in the process.
On 17 November 2020, Ghor Al-Safi SC witnessed the death of its Secretary Khaled Al-Ashoush from a heart attack. As a result, the Southern Valley Brigade Football Championship was opened by club President Dr. Khalaf Nazzal Al-Ashoush, in honour of Khaled Al-Ashoush.
On 26 June 2021, Bisher Khasawneh sought to inspect Ghor Al-Safi Stadium for potential renovations.
# American Folk

American Folk is a 2017 American drama film written and directed by David Heinz. The film stars Joe Purdy, Amber Rubarth, Krisha Fairchild, David Fine, Bruce Beatty and Elizabeth Dennehy. The film was released on January 26, 2018, by Good Deed Entertainment. It follows the story of two strangers, both folk musicians stranded in California, who take a road trip to New York in the days after the September 11 attacks.

## Cast

* Joe Purdy as Elliott
* Amber Rubarth as Joni
* Krisha Fairchild as Scottie
* David Fine as Dale
* Bruce Beatty as Mike
* Elizabeth Dennehy as Ann
* Miranda LaDawn Hill as Bianca
* Emma Thatcher as Emily
* Holger Moncada Jr. as Alejandro
* Julian Gopal as Carlos
* Paul White as Fargo
* Shelly West as Kelly
* Maryann Strossner as Kathryn

## Release

Originally titled 'SEPTEMBER 12TH' the film premiered at the Santa Barbara International Film Festival on February 3, 2017, and won the Best American Independent award at the Cleveland International Film Festival in April 2017. On May 16, 2017, Good Deed Entertainment acquired distribution rights to the film. The film was released into theaters on January 26, 2018, by Good Deed Entertainment.

## Reception

The film has a fresh rating of 77% on Rotten Tomatoes, with Katie Walsh of the Los Angeles Times saying "The songs are lovely, and the first-time actors give performances that grow warmer as the film progresses," and Romantic Intentions Quarterly calling it "a gentle, undulating movie, much like the scenery – and, often, music – it so gorgeously showcases." In contrast, Christopher Kompanek of The Washington Post gave the film a negative review, saying "... the songs lend the film an emotional resonance that the forced dialogue often struggles to achieve."
# Mohan Kalpana

Mohan Kalpana (born Mohan Bulchand Lala, 22 November 1930) was an Indian writer in the Sindhi language. He was one of the foremost writers of fiction in the post-independence era of Sindh and India. He died on 19 June 1992.

## Education

He received primary and secondary education from the Kotri and Karachi schools.

## Literary career

Mohan Kalpana was one of the tri-murti of Sindhi fiction in the second generation who tried to be distinct from the first generation of Sindhi writers. They tried to profess the progressive school of thought. The other two were Guno Samtaney and Lal Pushp. They differed among themselves also in thought and style. Kalpana was struggling between the realistic and romantic school of thought even bordering on the progressive school. Kalpana had given quite a lot to post partition Sindhi literature. He has written over 200 short stories. He wrote many novels, including Jalavatni, which depicts nostalgic memories of Sindh, which Kalpana was forced to leave due to the partition of the country. He was also a poet, and critic of a sort.

## Publications

Mohan had written 25 books. Most of them were novels. A few most significant are:
* 1. Anja Raat Baki Ahee (Night is still there), 1955, report on Goan freedom struggle.
* 2. Surga Jee Golha (Search for heaven), 1958, children's novel.
* 3. Chandini Ain Zahar (Moonlight and poison), 1967, nine stories.
* 4. Farishtan Jee Duniya (The world of angels), 1967, nine stories.
* 5. Maau (Mother), 1979, Novel.
* 6. Uha Shaam (That evening), 1981, seven stories.

## Award

Mohan received a prestigious Sahitya Akademi Award for his Book 'Uha Shaam' in 1984.

## Death

Mohan Kalpana died on 19 June 1992, in India.
# Annamanum touzalini

Annamanum touzalini is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Stephan von Breuning in 1979. It is known from Vietnam.
# Willem Schelfhout

Willem Andreas Theodorus Schelfhout (19 May 1874, The Hague – 30 January 1951) was a Dutch chess master.
Before World War I, he took 4th at Leiden 1909 (B tournament), tied for 5-6th at Amsterdam 1910, took 3rd at Hamburg 1910 (Hauptturnier B), tied for 7-8th at Cologne 1911 (Moishe Lowtzky won), took 13th at Scheveningen 1913 (Alexander Alekhine won), and shared 6th at Mannheim 1914 (the 19th DSB Congress, Hauptturnier A, B. Hallegua won).
During the war (The Netherlands were neutral in World War I), he played in several tournaments, and won at The Hague 1917 (Quadrangular). After the war, he took 7th at Amsterdam 1920 (Richard Réti won), and participated a few times in Dutch Chess Championship. He tied for 6-8th at The Hague 1919 (Max Marchand won), took 6th at Nijmegen 1921, shared 4th at Amsterdam 1924, took 4th at Utrecht 1926 (all won by Max Euwe), and took 6th at Rotterdam 1936 (Salo Landau won).
Schelfhout drew a mini match with Euwe (1 : 1) in 1923 and lost (0 : 2) to him in 1927, both in Amsterdam.
He represented the Netherlands in Chess Olympiads at London 1927, The Hague 1928, and Hamburg 1930.
During World War II, he took 3rd at Amsterdam 1940 (VVGA, Euwe won).
# Well Walk

Well Walk is a street in Hampstead, England in the London Borough of Camden. It runs southwestwards from Hampstead Heath to Flask Walk which then continues on towards the centre of Hampstead Village around the Hampstead tube station. It takes its name from the historic Hampstead Wells.
Established in 1698 as a public wells, the area rapidly grew in popularity and a pump room was built along with an assembly room. Usage at the wells declined in the nineteenth century and the building was demolished, but is commemorated by a memorial fountain opposite it erected in 1882. Wells Passage is a footpath that follows uphill from the fountain to the headspring in what is now Well Road. The Wells Tavern was established in 1850, replacing an older public house known as The Green Man. Burgh House is located just off the western end of the street in New End Square. Gainsborough Gardens runs southwards from the street.
Many of the buildings in the street are now Grade II listed generally dating from the early and late nineteenth century with some dating from the eighteenth. Notable former residents included the artist John Constable, who lived in the street from 1827 until his death in 1837 and whose house is now Grade II* listed, architect Temple Moore and early Socialist politician Henry Hyndman. Constable and Hyndman's houses are commemorated with blue plaques.
Nos. 21-27, formerly called Foley Avenue, are an eclectic pair of semi-detached houses designed by Henry Simpson Legg, architect and surveyor for the Hampstead Wells Trust. The houses were a speculative development by Edward Gotto, who lived in The Logs, Well Road.
In 1774 Roman pottery was discovered in the street, suggesting that a Roman road may have run through Hampstead.

## Gallery

* 21-27 Well Walk, Hampstead
* Wells Tavern seen from Well Walk.
* 1892 monument commemorating the historic Hampstead Wells.
* Georgian era houses in the street.
# Mount Morden Long

Mount Morden Long is a mountain located in the Athabasca River Valley of Jasper National Park in Alberta, Canada.
The mountain was named in 1966 after Mordon Long, who was a respected Canadian historian and chairman of the Geographic Board of Alberta.
# 13 Kohanic cities

The 13 Kohanic Cities are the 13 cities/villages and their respective peripheral territory listed in the Book of Joshua (Joshua 21:13–21) as having been allocated by Elazar and Joshua to the kohanim (Israelite priesthood) and their families. The Kohanic cities are a sub-set of the 48 Levitical cities allocated to sections of the Tribe of Levi.

## Biblical references

The Kohanic cities all come along with the detail ואת מגרשה ("the peripheral land around the city") - presumably, this amount is 2000 amah in all directions. These 13 cities are the primary land allotments for kohanim in the Land of Israel and were in use from the initial entry of the children of Israel into the land of Israel up until they were depopulated by Nebuchadnezzar.
According to the Books of Ezra and Nehemiah, these 13 cities where re-inhabited by the kohanim upon their return from the 70-year term of the Babylonian exile.

### Land lists

The areas listed:
* אֶת חֶבְרוֹן וְאֶת מִגְרָשֶׁהָ Hebron and its periphery
* וְאֶת לִבְנָה וְאֶת מִגְרָשֶׁהָ Livna and its periphery
* וְאֶת יַתִּר וְאֶת מִגְרָשֶׁהָ Yatir and its periphery
* וְאֶת אֶשְׁתְּמֹעַ וְאֶת מִגְרָשֶׁהָ Eshtemoa and its periphery
* וְאֶת חֹלֹן וְאֶת מִגְרָשֶׁהָ Holon and its periphery
* וְאֶת דְּבִר וְאֶת מִגְרָשֶׁהָ Devir and its periphery
* וְאֶת עַיִן וְאֶת מִגְרָשֶׁהָ Ayin and its periphery
* וְאֶת יֻטָּה וְאֶת מִגְרָשֶׁהָ Yutah and its periphery
* אֶת בֵּית שֶׁמֶשׁ וְאֶת מִגְרָשֶׁהָ Bet Shemesh and its periphery
* אֶת גִּבְעוֹן וְאֶת מִגְרָשֶׁהָ Giv’on and its periphery
* אֶת גֶּבַע וְאֶת מִגְרָשֶׁהָ Geva and its periphery
* אֶת עֲנָתוֹת וְאֶת מִגְרָשֶׁהָ Anatot and its periphery
* וְאֶת עַלְמוֹן וְאֶת מִגְרָשֶׁהָ Almon and its periphery