OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# T. Kalpana Devi

T. Kalpana Devi (1941–2016) was a doctor and politician from Andhra Pradesh. She was a member of the 8th Lok Sabha.

## Early life

Kalpana Devi was born on 13 July 1941 at Bhatlapenumarru village of Krishna district to Chalasani Veera Raghavaiah. She did her MBBS from Kakatiya Medical College in Warangal.

## Career

Kalpana Devi was a medical practitioner at the private nursing home in Hanamkonda before joining the Telugu Desam Party (TDP). During the 1984 Indian general election for the 8th Lok Sabha, she contested from Warangal and defeated her nearest rival Kamaluddin Ahmed of the Indian National Congress by a margin of 8,456 votes. In the next general election however, she lost to INC's Rama Sahayam Surender Reddy.
Later, Devi left TDP for INC and contested the general elections held successively in 1998 and 1999. She secured 38.25% and 44.74% votes in these elections and lost to TDP's candidates Azmeera Chandulal and Bodakunti Venkateshwarlu respectively.

## Personal life

Devi married Dr. T. Narasimha Reddy on 10 July 1961. She had two sons from him. She died on 29 May 2016, at a hospital in Hyderabad. Her funeral rites were performed in Warangal.
# Virgin of Nuria

The Virgin of Nuria (Catalan Mare de Déu de Núria) is a popular Roman Catholic shrine in the Valley of Nuria. The Catalan girls' name Núria (Spanish: Nuria) derives from the shrine.
# Swimming at the 1973 World Aquatics Championships – Women's 200 metre backstroke

The women's 200 metre backstroke competition of the swimming events at the 1973 World Aquatics Championships took place on September 7.

## Records

Prior to the competition, the existing world and championship records were as follows.
| World record | Melissa Belote (USA) | 2:19.19 | Munich, West Germany | 4 September 1972 |
| Competition record | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
The following records were established during the competition:
| Date | Event | Name | Nationality | Time | Record |
| 7 September | Heat | Wendy Cook | Canada | 2:23.123 | CR |
| 7 September | Heat | Melissa Belote | United States | 2:20.576 | CR |
| 7 September | Final | Melissa Belote | United States | 2:20.522 | CR |

## Results
### Heats

24 swimmers participated in 4 heats.
| Rank | Heat | Lane | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| 1 | 4 | - | Melissa Belote | United States | 2:20.576 | Q, CR |
| 2 | 1 | - | Wendy Cook | Canada | 2:23.123 | Q, CR |
| 3 | 2 | - | Andrea Gyarmati | Hungary | 2:23.586 | Q |
| 4 | 3 | - | Enith Brigitha | Netherlands | 2:24.882 | Q |
| 5 | 4 | - | Christine Herbst | East Germany | 2:24.932 | Q |
| 6 | 1 | - | Debra Cain | Australia | 2:24.967 | Q |
| 7 | 3 | - | Andrea Eife | East Germany | 2:25.434 | Q |
| 8 | 1 | - | Sylvie Le Noach | France | 2:25.513 | Q |
| 9 | 2 | - | Linda Young | Australia | 2:25.941 | |
| 10 | 4 | - | Josien Elzerman | Netherlands | 2:26.369 | |
| 11 | 1 | - | Diana Olsson | Sweden | 2:26.965 | |
| 12 | 3 | - | Angelika Grieser | West Germany | 2:27.508 | |
| 13 | 3 | - | Maryanne Graham | United States | 2:29.282 | |
| 14 | 4 | - | Donna-Marie Gurr | Canada | 2:30.864 | |
| 15 | 2 | - | Susan Hunter | New Zealand | 2:31.004 | |
| 16 | 2 | - | I. Golovanova | Soviet Union | 2:31.975 | |
| 17 | 2 | - | F. Chaunin | Belgium | 2:33.964 | |
| 18 | 1 | - | H. Jaqueti | Spain | 2:34.964 | |
| 19 | 3 | - | E. Kobielska | Poland | 2:35.394 | |
| 20 | 4 | - | T. Skvortsova | Soviet Union | 2:38.871 | |
| 21 | 4 | - | D. McSwain | Puerto Rico | 2:39.033 | |
| 22 | 2 | - | B. Fernandes | Brazil | 2:41.703 | |
| 23 | 1 | - | María Mock | Puerto Rico | 2:45.299 | |
| 24 | 3 | - | R. Okan | Turkey | 2:51.648 | |

### Final

The results of the final are below.
| Rank | Lane | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| | 4 | Melissa Belote | United States | 2:20.522 | CR |
| | 6 | Enith Brigitha | Netherlands | 2:22.152 | |
| | 3 | Andrea Gyarmati | Hungary | 2:22.483 | |
| 4 | 2 | Christine Herbst | East Germany | 2:22.660 | |
| 5 | 1 | Andrea Eife | East Germany | 2:23.551 | |
| 6 | 5 | Wendy Cook | Canada | 2:23.596 | |
| 7 | 7 | Debra Cain | Australia | 2:24.268 | |
| 8 | 8 | Sylvie Le Noach | France | 2:26.053 | |
# Russell on Crime

A Treatise on Crimes and Misdemeanours or Russell on Crime is a book originally written by William Oldnall Russell. For the purpose of citation, its name may be abbreviated to Russ Cr.
Russell's Treatise on Crimes and Misdemeanours, which appeared in 1819 in two volumes in octavo, was pronounced by Warren (Law Student, 2nd edit. p. 620) "the best general treatise in criminal law". A second edition appeared in 1827; a third, edited by C. S. Greaves, in 1843, with a supplement in 1851; a fourth, in 3 volumes, in 1865; and a fifth, edited by S. Prentice, Q.C., in 1877. The American editions, of which seven were issued between 1824 and 1853, do not reproduce the whole work.
In 1847, J G Marvin said of the third London and fifth American editions:
   The American editions, excepting the last, do not contain the whole of Russell on Crimes, from the supposed inapplicability, on the part of the editors, of certain parts of the work to this country. Its appreciation among us is best shown by the number of American editions. The notes of American Cases are numerous and able, and no English law book has received more careful and excellent editorial care than Russell on Crimes. Professor Whiteside remarks, that the second volume contains the best summary of the leading principles of the Law of Evidence, especially relating to Criminal Jurisprudence, he has ever met with. It is said to have been drawn up by Mr. Williams, the learned author of the work on Executors. Mr. Warren says, it is the best general Treatise on Criminal Law. 1 Leg. Reporter, 298; Hoff. Leg. Stu. 438; Warren's L. S. 620.
The most recent edition of Russell on Crime was the twelfth edition, which was published in 1964.
# Yvonne McKague Housser

Yvonne McKague Housser, CM RCA (1897–1996) was a Modernist Canadian painter, and a teacher.

## Early life and education

Yvonne McKague was born in Toronto in 1897 to Hugh Henry McKague and Louise Elliott. She studied at the Ontario College of Art (OCA), Toronto, from 1913 to 1918, with George Agnew Reid, J. W. Beatty, William Cruikshank, Robert Holmes and Emanuel Hahn.

## Career

After one more year as post-graduate and assistant, Housser began teaching as assistant instructor at OCAD, then called OCA. In the 1920 OCA Prospectus, she and Edith Coombs were the only women listed on the teaching staff. In 1921–1922, Housser took a leave of absence to study in Paris, France, at the Académie de la Grande Chaumière, Académie Colarossi, and Académie Ranson.
In 1923, she first exhibited her work with the Royal Canadian Academy, and in 1924 with the Ontario Society of Artists of which became a member in 1928. From 1926, she showed her work in numerous solo and group shows in the Heliconian Club in Toronto, also in the Art Gallery of Toronto and in private galleries. The Robert McLaughlin Gallery in Oshawa held her retrospective in 1995 curated by Joan Murray.
McKague also was a founding member of the Canadian Group of Painters in 1933 (President, 1955-1956), and the Federation of Canadian Artists in 1941. She was made a full member of the Royal Canadian Academy of Arts in 1951. She retired from the Ontario College of Art in 1946 but went on to teach at the Doon School of Fine Art in Kitchener and at the Ryerson Polytechnical Institute in Toronto (now Toronto Metropolitan University) and elsewhere.
In 1954, she was one of eighteen Canadian artists commissioned by the Canadian Pacific Railway to paint a mural for the interior of one of the new Park cars entering service on the new Canadian transcontinental train. Each mural depicts a different national or provincial park; Housser's was Sibley Provincial Park. She was the only woman artist who was asked to do a mural.
She received the Order of Canada in 1984 and received the OCA's A. J. Casson Award for Distinguished Service in 1991.

## Group of Seven

Housser was invited to exhibit with the Group of Seven in 1928, 1930 and 1931. The group disbanded to form the country-wide Canadian Group of Painters in 1933, of which Housser was a founding member. In 1935 she married Frederick B. Housser, financial editor of the Toronto Star and author of A Canadian Art Movement: The Story of the Group of Seven, published in 1926. He is called the chief mythologizer of the Group by writers such as Sara Angel.

## Selected public collections

* Art Gallery of Ontario, Toronto
* National Gallery of Canada
* Art Gallery of Hamilton
* McMichael Canadian Art Collection
* Musée national des beaux-arts du Québec
* Robert McLaughlin Gallery, Oshawa

## Legacy

In 1998, Housser was one of the four artists in 4 Women Who Painted in the 1930s and 1940s, curated by Alicia Boutilier for the Carleton University Art Gallery, Ottawa.
# Madeleine Laliberté

Madeleine Laliberté (1912 – August 27, 1998) was a Canadian painter.
Laliberté was born in Victoriaville, Quebec, the daughter of Wilfrid Laliberté and Alexandrine Bourbeau. She first studied at the École des Beaux-Arts in Quebec City before traveling to Paris, where she studied at the Académie de la Grande Chaumière and with Marcel Gromaire, the latter from 1937 to 1938. Later in New York City she would study with Amédée Ozenfant from 1942 to 1944. In 1940 she held an exhibit with Jean Soucy in Quebec City, the start of almost two decades during which she would show her work widely. She quit painting in 1958, but resumed ten years later. Laliberté died in Quebec City. Her work is included in the collections of the National Gallery of Canada and the Musée national des beaux-arts du Québec.
# Pearl Cannon

The Pearl Cannon (Persian: توپ مروارید) is an old cannon in Tehran, Iran. It was involved in several cultural practices of the people of Tehran in Qajar era. It is now located north of the National Garden, in front of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs building.
The cannon was first placed in Arg Square, before being transferred to a place known as the Officers' Club. The Officers' Club was later used as an office for the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, and the cannon remains there today. The namesake of the cannon is unknown. Some, however, have suggested that it is named after several pearl necklaces decorating its muzzle.

## Oral culture

Many stories are told about the origins of the Pearl Cannon. For instance, it is said that Shah Abbas took it from the Portuguese at Hormuz Island, or that it was built on the orders of Karim Khan Zand in Shiraz, or that it was taken from India by Nader Shah Afshar in his Indian campaign.
On the cannon itself, it is written that it was made by an Isfahani molder named Esmaiil Rikhtegar during the year 1233 of the lunar Hijri calendar (1817-1818 CE) on the orders of Fath-Ali Shah Qajar.
This cannon has been part of many superstitious practices by the people of Tehran. It was once common for women to tie a knot to it, believing that this would grant a wish, generally for a spouse or fertility and on Qadr Nights or on Chaharshanbe Suri. The people of Tehran would give gifts and bribes to the guards of the cannon, so they could be left alone in their rituals.
Criminals that were pursued by policemen used to take refuge under the cannon's shadow, and due to their beliefs, the policemen refused to arrest them, instead opting to wait until hunger drove them out from their position.

## Novel

Sadegh Hedayat, author of The Blind Owl, wrote the book Pearl Cannon (Tup-e Morvari) in 1947, named after the cannon. In the book, Hedayat criticizes the superstitions of his time and people's beliefs about the cannon, considering Iran's broader social and political context.
# Bettina Somers

Bettina Somers (17 July 1904 – 22 May 1989) was a Canadian painter. Her work was part of the painting event in the art competition at the 1948 Summer Olympics.
# William Anderson (guitarist)

William Anderson (born 1962) is an American guitarist and song writer.
Anderson studied the guitar with Allen Krantz, Christoph Harlan, and David Starobin, and studied composition with Frank Brickle. His recent recordings include music by Hans Erich Apostel, Milton Babbitt, Paul Hindemith, Ernst Krenek, Meyer Kupferman, and Robert Martin, as well as his own works.
Anderson's compositions include Guitar Variations (1993) for solo guitar, Ear Conception for chamber ensemble (1995), A Giddy Thing for mandolin (2001) and a number of shorter works.
Anderson is co-director of the Cygnus Ensemble (founded 1985), which released its first CD, Broken Consort, in 2001. He teaches the guitar at Sarah Lawrence College. He is also currently the director of the guitar ensemble at Queens College, part of the City University of New York.
# Gerald Shapiro (composer)

Gerald M. Shapiro (born 1942 in Philadelphia) is an American composer of acoustic and electronic music.
Shapiro studied first at the Eastman School of Music, where he received a Bachelor of Music degree with distinction in 1964. He then did graduate work at Mills College, where he received an M.A. in 1967, the University of California, Davis, the San Francisco Tape Music Center, and in Paris at the Conservatoire Nationale de Musique and the École Normale Supérieure de Musique. His principal composition teachers were Darius Milhaud, Morton Subotnick, Karlheinz Stockhausen, Olivier Messiaen, and Nadia Boulanger. From 1967 he taught at Brown University, retiring in 2014 as Professor of Music, Emeritus. His compositions have been performed throughout the United States and Europe, and are recorded on the Naxos and Neuma labels.

## Compositions (selective list)

* Antiphonies I, for piano and tape (1965)
* Winter Birch, for interactive audience participation and live electronics (1972)
* The Voice of the Dharma, for a cappella choir (1978)
* Nocturne, for chamber orchestra (1981)
* Phoenix, for vocal quartet and live electronics (1987)
* Trio No. 1, for violin, cello, and piano (1993)
* In Time's Shadow, for orchestra (1994)
* String Quartet No. 2 (1994)
* Epithalamium, for string quartet (1997)
* Mouvements perpetuels, for percussion quartet (1998)
* Trio No. 2, for violin, cello, and piano (2004)
# Jacob Mitchell

Jacob Mitchell may refer to:
* Jacob Mitchell (deacon), American deacon
* Jake Mitchell (Jacob Ryan Mitchell), American Olympic swimmer
# Simon Kero

Simon Kero (born 1968) is a South Sudanese traditional musician from Yambio, celebrated for his hit song "Bambe Ma Kaimo."
In October 2024, after performing at a concert in Juba, he found himself stranded without funds or food due to a payment dispute.
# René Charles de Maupeou

René Charles de Maupeou (11 June 1688 – 4 April 1775) was a French politician, and chancellor of France during King Louis XV reign.

## Biography

He was born in Paris on 11 June 1688 to a family ennobled in the sixteenth century as noblesse de robe : the house of Maupeou. He died on 4 April 1775.
He is the father of René Nicolas Charles Augustin de Maupeou.
# Antoni Giełgud

Antoni Giełgud (Lithuanian: Antanas Gelgaudas; 27 April 1792 – 13 July 1831) was a Polish-Lithuanian brigadier general and leader of the Polish-Lithuanian forces during the November Uprising.

## Biography
### Early life

Antoni Giełgud was born on 27 April 1792 in the Panemunė Castle, then part of the Kovno Governorate of the Russian Empire. Through his father he was a descendant of the Giełgud (Gelgaudai) noble family, while through his mother, of the Tyszkiewicz noble family. Giełgud was a son of Michał Giełgud [pl], a member of the Permanent Council, and Eleonara Tyszkiewicz, daughter of Stanisław Antoni Tyszkiewicz, castellan of Samogitia.

### Napoleonic Wars

During the French invasion of Russia, he financed and commanded the creation of the 21st Lithuanian Infantry Regiment of the Army of the Duchy of Warsaw, which he led since 29 August 1812. He took part in the defence of Modlin fortress. For his contributions to the French campaign, he was awarded the rank of colonel.

### November Uprising

In 1818 he was appointed as a brigadier general of the 1st Brigade of the 1st Infantry Division [pl] of Kingdom of Poland army by Grand Duke Konstantin. During the November Uprising he returned to active service and initially served as a commanding officer of the 1st Brigades 1st Infantry Division under Jan Krukowiecki. A hero of the battles of Wawer and Białołęka, he was given command over the entire 2nd Infantry Division. He covered the retreat of Polish-Lithuanian forces after the battle of Ostrołęka, but got separated from the main force and decided to head for Lithuania instead. In June 1831 he was appointed the leader of the rebellion in Lithuania.
He defeated the Russians in the Battle of Rajgród, but his assault of Vilnius failed and his corps composed of his own division and the forces of Dezydery Chłapowski lost over 2,000 men in the battle of Paneriai. Unable to return to Polish-Lithuanian main forces at that time converging on Warsaw, he decided to head to Klaipėda, where he was expecting foreign reinforcements. En route, however, all three of Giełgud's columns were intercepted by the Russians and forced to cross the Prussian border. Giełgud himself soon after crossing the border was shot dead by one of his staff officers, enraged by his poor command. He died on 31 August 1831 in the Šnaukštai [lt] village while crossing the Agluona river, where he was buried.
Three to five years after the uprising, the Tsar of Russia agreed to transfer the remains of Giełgud to a cemetery in Kisiniai [lt], 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) from Klaipėda. Giełgud's grave was abandoned up until 1928 or 1929 when representatives of the noble family from the United Kingdom sent over money with a request to the eldership to clean up his grave. It was decorated with a cross, and became a gathering spot for the youth. Giełgud's rebellious legacy is still celebrated to this day.
# Türdük

Türdük (Kyrgyz: Түрдүк) is a mountain village in Jalal-Abad Region, Kyrgyzstan. It lies at the confluence of the rivers Türdük and Jaryk-Tash. It is part of the Aksy District. Its population was 215 in 2021.
# Eurypygimorphae

Eurypygimorphae or Phaethontimorphae is a clade of birds that contains the orders Phaethontiformes (tropicbirds) and Eurypygiformes (kagu and sunbittern) recovered by genome analysis. The relationship was first identified in 2013 based on their nuclear genes. This group was defined in the PhyloCode by George Sangster and colleagues in 2022 as "the least inclusive crown clade containing Phaethon aethereus, Eurypyga helias, and Rhynochetos jubatus". Historically these birds were placed at different parts of the tree, with tropicbirds in Pelecaniformes and the kagu and sunbittern in Gruiformes. Some genetic analyses have placed the eurypygimorph taxa in the controversial and obsolete clade Metaves, with uncertain placement within that group. More recent molecular studies support their grouping together in Eurypygimorphae, which is usually recovered as the sister taxon to Aequornithes within Ardeae.
# Yong Jae-hyun

Yong Jae-hyun (Korean: 용재현; born 19 July 1988) is a South Korean footballer who plays for FC Anyang in the K League Challenge. He is a versatile player, capable of playing at left back, right back, or defensive midfield. In 2015, he changed his name from Yong Hyun-jin (용현진) to Yong Jae-hyun.
# Hazazi

Hazazi (also spelled Hazzazi, Arabic: هزازي) is an Arabic surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Majed Hazzazi (born 1988), Saudi footballer
* Naif Hazazi (born 1989), Saudi footballer
* Sulaiman Hazazi (born 2003), Saudi footballer
# Rider

Rider or Riders may refer to:

## People and characters

* Horserider (equestrianism)
* Snowboarder also called rider

### Persons

* Daniel Rider (1938–2008), American mathematician
* Fremont Rider (1885–1962), American writer and librarian
* George Rider (1890–1979), American college sports coach and administrator
* H. Rider Haggard (1856-1925), British novelist
* Isaiah Rider (born 1971), American former National Basketball Association player
* James Rider (1797–1876), New York politician
* Jane H. Rider (1889-1981), engineer
* Rider Strong (born 1979), American actor, director, producer and screenwriter
* Steve Rider (born 1950), English sports presenter and anchorman

### Fictional characters

* Rider (Fate/Stay Night), a character in the Japanese series Fate/Stay Night
* Rider (Fate/Zero), a character in the Japanese novel Fate/Zero
* Honeychile Rider, a character in the James Bond novel Dr. No
* Alex Rider (character), hero of a series of spy novels by Anthony Horowitz

## Aircraft

Racing aircraft designed by Keith Rider
* Rider R-5 and Rider R-4 built to compete in the 1936 racing season
* Rider R-6, the last design due to World War II which stopped the National Air Races

## Film and TV

* Steal (film), a 2002 action film also known as Riders
* The Rider (film), a 2017 American film
* Kamen Rider, a long running tokusatsu franchise
* Rider (2021 film), an Indian Kannada-language romantic-action film
* Rider (2023 film), a Sri Lankan film

## Law

* Rider (legislation), an additional provision attached to a bill
* Rider (contract), an additional provision attached to a contract such as an insurance policy
* Rider (legal judgement), an explanation appended to a legal decision by a jury or inquest
* Rider (theater), a set of requests or demands that a performer will set as criteria for performance

## Literature

* Rider, the magazine published by the British Motorcyclists Federation
* Riders (novel), a romance novel by the British author Jilly Cooper
* Rider (imprint), a publishing imprint of Random House

## Music

* Rider (band), an offshoot band from Ultra
* Haydn's String Quartet Op. 74, No. 3, nicknamed "The Rider"; see List of string quartets by Joseph Haydn#Opus 71, 74, the "Apponyi" quartets (1793)

### Songs

* "Rider", a 1963 song by The Big Three
* "Rider", a 1966 song by Jesse Colin Young & The Youngbloods
* "Rider", a 2011 song by Okkervil River
* "Rider", a 2018 song by Thirty Seconds to Mars

## Other uses

* Rider University, an American university in New Jersey
** Rider Broncs, said university's athletic program
* JetBrains Rider, an integrated development environment application software