OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Heart and Soul (Kenny G album)

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
Heart and Soul is the sixteenth studio album by American saxophonist Kenny G. The album was released on June 29, 2010 and produced by Walter Afanasieff. On December 1, 2010, it was nominated for a Grammy Award for Best Pop Instrumental Album.

## Personnel

* Kenny G – soprano saxophone (1-10, 12), saxophone arrangements (5), tenor saxophone (11)
* Walter Afanasieff – keyboard and rhythm programming (1-5, 7-12), saxophone arrangements (5), Hammond B3 organ (11)
* Adrian Bradford – keyboards, programming
* Babyface – keyboard and rhythm programming (6), bass (6), backing vocals (6)
* Max G – nylon guitar (4)
* John Raymond – guitar (12)
* Julian Bradford – bass (11)
* Jorge Calandrelli – orchestra arrangements and conductor (1, 4, 5, 7, 10)
* Gina Zimmitti – orchestra contractor (1, 4, 5, 7, 10)
* Robin Thicke – lead and backing vocals (3)

## Production

* Producers – Kenny G and Walter Afanasieff (tracks 1-5, 7-11); Kenneth "Babyface" Edmunds (track 6).
* Additional Production and Engineer – Adrian Bradford
* Production Coordinator – Rich Davis
* Engineers – Steve Churchyard (tracks 1, 4, 5, 7 & 10); Tyler Gordon (tracks 2, 3, 8, 9 & 12); Paul Boutin (track 6); David Channing (track 11).
* Mixed by Mick Guzauski at The G House Studio.
* Mix Consultant – Steve Shepherd
* ProTools Engineer on tracks 1, 4, 5, 7 & 10 – Joe Wohlmuth
* Mastered by Stephen Marcussen at Marcussen Mastering (Hollywood, CA).
* Art Direction – Larissa Collins
* Design – Tommy Steele
* Photography – Dominick Guillemot
* Management – Mark Adelman

## Chart performance

The album was also commercially successful, which debuted and peaked at number one in the Billboard Jazz Albums chart on July 17, 2010. It debuted and peaked at number thirty-three in the Billboard 200 on July 17, 2010.
The singles released from this album were quite successful in the Billboard Jazz Songs chart in 2010. "Fall Again" peaked at number six, while "Heart and Soul" debuted at number twenty-three, and peaked at number one.

## Charts

| Chart (2010) | Peak position |
| Greek Album Charts | 24 |
| Polish Album Charts | 28 |
| U.S. Billboard 200 | 33 |
| U.S. Billboard Jazz Albums | 1 |
# Bhattan De Savaiye

Bhattan de Savaiye (Punjabi: ਭੱਟਾਂ ਦੇ ਸਵਈਏ; bhaṭāṁ dē sava'ī'ē), also known as Bhatt Bani (Gurmukhi: ਭੱਟ ਬਾਣੀ; bhaṭa bāṇī), is a name given to 123 Savaiyas composed by various Bhatts, which are present in Guru Granth Sahib, scripture of Sikhs. According to various scholars, these Savaiyas are eulogies of first five Gurus of Sikhism.
Generally, it is accepted that there were 11 Bhatts whose hymns are present in Adi Granth, but controversy still exist that there are 12 or 17.

## Structure

The savaiye starts from page 1389 from Savaiye Mahalla Pehla Ke and ends at page 1409 of Guru Granth Sahib. The savaiyas are under five titles:
* Savaiya Mahalla Pehle Ke 1 (Punjabi: ਸਵਈਏ ਮਹਲੇ ਪਹਿਲੇ ਕੇ ੧)
* Savaiye Mahalle Duje Ke 2 (Punjabi: ਸਵਈਏ ਮਹਲੇ ਦੂਜੇ ਕੇ ੨)
* Savaiye Mahalle Teeje Ke 3 (Punjabi: ਸਵਈਏ ਮਹਲੇ ਤੀਜੇ ਕੇ ੩)
* Savaiye Mahalle Chauthe Ke 4 (Punjabi: ਸਵਈਏ ਮਹਲੇ ਚਉਥੇ ਕੇ ੪)
* Savaiye Mahalle Panjve Ke 5 (Punjabi: ਸਵਈਏ ਮਹਲੇ ਪੰਜਵੇ ਕੇ ੫)
Following is list of Bhatts and their number of savaiyas composed by them:
No. of Saviyas by each Bhatts :
| Name | Mahalla Pehla | Mahalla 2 | Mahalla 3 | Mahalla 4 | Mahalla 5 | Total |
| Bhatt Tal | 10 | 10 | 9 | 13 | 12 | 54 |
| Bhatt Balh | - | - | - | 5 | - | 5 |
| Bhatt Bhalh | - | - | 1 | - | - | 1 |
| Bhatt Bhika | - | - | 2 | - | - | 2 |
| Bhatt Gayand | - | - | - | 13 | - | 13 |
| Bhatt Harbans | - | - | - | - | 2 | 2 |
| Bhatt Jalap | - | - | 5 | - | - | 5 |
| Bhatt Kirat | - | - | 4 | 4 | - | 8 |
| Bhatt Mathura | - | - | - | 7 | 7 | 14 |
| Bhatt Nalh | - | - | - | 16 | - | 16 |
| Bhatt Salh | - | - | 1 | 2 | - | 3 |

## Author controversy

* Tall or Kal: A Swaiya in name of Bhatt Tall, which according to some scholars is a Gurmukhi typo as it is Kal i.e Bhatt Kalshar.
* No. of Bhatts: Few author believe there are 17 Bhatts including above. Others are Bhatt Sevak, Bhatt Jalh, Bhatt Jalan.
# Paudie O'Brien

Paudie O'Brien (born 5 September 1989) is an Irish hurler who currently plays as a midfielder for the Limerick senior team.

## Biography

O'Brien made his first appearance for the team during the 2011 championship and has been a regular member of the starting fifteen since then. He has enjoyed little success during his senior inter-county career. O'Brien is the current vice-captain of the Limerick team.
At club level O'Brien is a two-time county club championship medalist with Kilmallock.

## Honours
### Inter-county

* Munster Senior Hurling Championship (1): 2013
* National Hurling League Division 2 (1): 2011
# The Trio (1973 album)

The Trio is a jazz live album by pianist Oscar Peterson, guitarist Joe Pass, and bassist Niels-Henning Ørsted Pedersen. Released in 1974, the album won the Grammy Award for Best Jazz Performance by a Group in 1975.

## Reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
| The Penguin Guide to Jazz Recordings | |
In his Allmusic review, critic Scott Yanow complimented the playing of Pass and Pedersen but wrote, "the reason to acquire this set is for the remarkable Oscar Peterson. The pianist brilliantly investigates several jazz styles...Peterson really flourished during his years with Norman Granz's Pablo label, and this was one of his finest recordings of the period."

## Track listing

* "Blues Etude" (Oscar Peterson) – 5:31
* "Chicago Blues" (Peterson) – 13:52
* "Easy Listening Blues" (Nadine Robinson) – 7:53
* "Come Sunday" (Duke Ellington) – 3:46
* "Secret Love" (Sammy Fain, Paul Francis Webster) – 7:15

## Personnel

* Oscar Peterson – piano
* Joe Pass – guitar
* Niels-Henning Ørsted Pedersen – bass
# Äkim of Astana

The Äkim of Astana (Kazakh: Astana äkımı, Астана әкімі) is the chief authority in the capital city of Kazakhstan, Astana (formerly Nur-Sultan). The position was established in 1997 when the capital was moved to Astana from Almaty. Currently the position is being held by Zhenis Kassymbek.

## List of äkims of Astana since 1991

* Amanjol Bölekpaev (1992–1997)
* Ädılbek Jaqsybekov (1997–2003)
* Temırhan Dosmūhambetov (2003–2004)
* Ömırzaq Şökeev (2004–2006)
* Asqar Mamin (2006–2008)
* İmanğali Tasmağambetov (2008–2014)
* Ädılbek Jaqsybekov (2014–2016)
* Äset İsekeşev (2016–2018)
* Baqyt Sūltanov (2018–2019)
* Altai Kölgınov (2019–2022)
* Zhenis Kassymbek (2022–present)
# Hori, Zahedan

Hori, Zahedan (Persian: حری) is a village in Ladiz Rural District, in the Central District of Zahedan County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 40, in 8 families.
# Nzara County

Nzara County is a county in Western Equatoria State, South Sudan. And was part of Yambio county before South Sudan's independence.

## History

Nzara County was part of Western Equatoria State when South Sudan became independent. Nzara County became part of Gbudwe State in 2015, but reverted to Western Equatoria State when that state was reestablished in 2020.
In 2018, 20 of the 21 public primary schools in the county were closed due to unpaid teacher salaries. In February 2020, a wildfire in Nzara County killed one person and left hundreds homeless. Nzara County experienced heavy flooding in November 2020 when the Yubu River overflowed, destroying 70 homes.

## Geography

Nzara County borders Ezo County to the west, Yambio County to the east bored by Ri Rongu, Wulu County to the north, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the south. The Nzara River runs through the county. Nzara and Sakura are the two major towns in the county.

## Climate of Nzara

* Attitude/Elevation 616.08m (2021.26ft)
* Annual high temperature 31.37 °C (88.47 °F)
* Annual low temperature 20.41 °C (68.74 °F)
* Average annual precip. 200.11mm (7.88in)
* Warmest month February (36.45 °C / 97.61 °F)
* Coldest Month August (18.69 °C / 65.64 °F)
* Wettest Month October (399.16 mm / 15.71 in)
* Driest Month January (8.1 mm / 0.32 in)
* Number of days with rainfall (≥ 1.0 mm) 220.38 days (60.38%)
* Days with no rain 144.62 days (39.62%)
# Eddie Sauter

Edward Ernest Sauter (December 2, 1914 – April 21, 1981) was an American composer and arranger during the swing era.

## Biography

Sauter studied music at Columbia University and the Juilliard School. He began as a drummer and then played trumpet professionally, including with Red Norvo's orchestra. Eventually he became a full-time arranger for Norvo. He arranged and composed for Artie Shaw, Tommy Dorsey, Woody Herman, and especially Benny Goodman, earning a reputation for intricate work such as "Benny Rides Again", "Moonlight on the Ganges", and "Clarinet a la King". A bout of tuberculosis contracted in 1942, however, forced a stay at the Summit Park Sanatorium in Pomona, New York, and stalled his musical career for some time.
From 1952 to 1958, Sauter was co-leader of the Sauter-Finegan Orchestra. Between 1957 and 1959, he was Kurt Edelhagen's successor as leader of the SWF orchestra in Baden-Baden, Germany. In 1961, he worked with tenor saxophonist Stan Getz on the album Focus, a collaboration for which Sauter at Getz's commission wrote a suite of string compositions without primary melodies. This allowed Getz to improvise them in his customary style. Roy Haynes, the jazz drummer, appeared on "I'm Late, I'm Late", the only selection to use a non-string instrument other than Getz.
Sauter and Getz collaborated again during Sauter's work composing the score for the film Mickey One (1965), which starred Warren Beatty. Sauter's television composing includes the third season theme to Rod Serling's Night Gallery. In 2003, Sauter was inducted into the Big Band and Jazz Hall of Fame.
Although Sauter is best known for jazz, he also orchestrated Broadway musicals such as 1776, The Apple Tree, and It's a Bird...It's a Plane...It's Superman. Orchestrator Jonathan Tunick said of Sauter's Broadway work: "Eddie did these marvelous things, always theatrical, always effective. And completely unlike anybody else." His composition "World Without Time" is used as the theme music for the public affairs show The Open Mind, originally hosted by Richard Heffner.

## Death

Sauter died of a heart attack in Nyack, New York, on April 21, 1981.

## Selected discography
### As arranger and composer

* Ray McKinley, Borderline (1955)
* Mildred Bailey, Me and the Blues (1957)
* Stan Getz, Focus (Verve, 1961)
* Stan Getz, Stan Getz Plays Music from the Soundtrack of Mickey One (Verve, 1965)
* Benny Goodman, Benny Goodman Plays Eddie Sauter (Hep, 1997)
* Red Norvo, Knockin' on Wood (ASV Living Era, 1999)
* Sauter-Finegan Orchestra, Inside the Sound (1952)
* Sauter-Finegan Orchestra, NBC Bandstand Live: 1957 (Collectors' Choice, 1997)
* John Carisi, Eddie Sauter, Christian Wolff, Stefan Wolpe, Counterpoise (hatART, 2000)
# Imad Faddoul

Imad Faddoul (born 1 September 1953) is a Lebanese wrestler. He competed in the men's freestyle 82 kg at the 1976 Summer Olympics.
# Cee Pee Johnson

Cee Pee Johnson (born Clifton Byron Johnson, February 21, 1910 – after October 1954) was an American jazz composer, bandleader, singer and multi-instrumentalist.

## Early life and career

Johnson was born in Marshall, Texas in February 1910 and raised in Algiers, New Orleans. He first appeared in published sources in Dallas early in the 1930s, billed as C. B. Johnson, playing in his brother Bert Johnson's band The Sharps and Flats. Johnson danced and sang with this ensemble, and also played banjo and tom-toms.
He moved to Los Angeles in the middle of the decade, and played with Emerson Scott's band at the Onyx Club in Hollywood. He eventually became the group's bandleader, and played at several high-profile West Coast clubs, including the Paradise Club, the Del Mar Club (1940), the Rhumboogie, and Billy Berg's Swing Club. His sidemen included Teddy Buckner, Karl George, Buddy Banks, Marshal Royal, Jack McVea, Johnny Miller, and Buddy Collette. His backup drummer was Alton Redd. The ensemble appeared in many films, and was active until at least 1954; he toured South America in 1953.
Johnson worked as a sideman with Slam Stewart and Slim Gaillard on their Slim and Slam sessions.

## Filmography

All entries drawn from Library of Congress except where otherwise noted.
* Fox Movietone Follies of 1929 (1929) – N/A (uncredited)
* The Music Goes 'Round (1936) – N/A (uncredited)
* Woodland Café (1937) – Chorus voice (uncredited)
* Mystery in Swing (1940) – With his orchestra
* Citizen Kane (1941) – Drummer in beach party sequence (uncredited)
* Tom, Dick and Harry (1941) – N/A (uncredited)
* Birth of the Blues (1941) – N/A (uncredited)
* Hellzapoppin' (1941) – With his orchestra (uncredited)
* Swing for Your Supper (soundie; 1941) – Leading his orchestra, with Dorothy Dandridge dancing
* Jump In (soundie; 1942) – With his orchestra
* The Desert Song (1943) – Percussionist in Moroccan cafe sequences
* Jungle Jig (soundie; 1944) – With his orchestra, accompanying Dorothy Dandridge
* To Have and Have Not (1944) – Drummer in club group (uncredited)
* The Jolson Story (1946) – Unseen drum soloist in final night club scene (uncredited)
* The Razor's Edge (1946) – Bandleader / Drum soloist in nightclub (uncredited)
* The Foxes of Harrow (1947) – Drummer in voodoo sequence (uncredited)
# The Good Life (Oscar Peterson album)

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
| The Penguin Guide to Jazz Recordings | |
The Good Life is a 1974 live album by Oscar Peterson, accompanied by Joe Pass and Niels-Henning Ørsted Pedersen.

## Track listing

* "Wheatland" (Oscar Peterson) – 12:17
* "Wave" (Antonio Carlos Jobim) – 10:46
* "For Count" (Peterson) – 6:49
* "The Good Life" (Sacha Distel, Jack Reardon) – 7:12
* "On a Clear Day (You Can See Forever)" (Burton Lane, Alan Jay Lerner) – 7:44

## Personnel

* Oscar Peterson – piano
* Joe Pass – guitar
* Niels-Henning Ørsted Pedersen – double bass
# Stuart Scharf

Stuart Martin Scharf (September 4, 1941 – November 8, 2007) was an American composer, guitarist, and record producer.

## Biography

Scharf grew up in Crown Heights and attended Winthrop Junior High School. A mathematics major in college, he graduated with honors from the City College of New York in 1962.
Scharf was a friend of guitarist Jay Berliner, who influenced his career. During the early 1960s, he was the lead guitarist for folk-singer Leon Bibb. He also worked with arranger Walter Raim and folk-singer Judy Collins as well as bassist Bill Lee (father of Spike Lee).
For several years, he partnered with Martin Gersten, chief engineer of WNCN, in a recording studio at 18 Jones Street in Greenwich Village. They shared this space with folk music broadcaster Skip Weshner.
Scharf was a prolific studio musician in New York City during the 1960s, playing guitar with Chad Mitchell, Janis Ian, Al Kooper, and Carly Simon. He also had a producing partnership with Bob Dorough for many years; together, they produced albums by Spanky and Our Gang. Scharf was the composer of Spanky and Our Gang's hit "Like to Get to Know You."
In 1980, he moved to Hamilton Township, Monroe County, Pennsylvania, where he continued his recording business.

## Discography
### As sideman

With Charles Earland
* Charles III (Prestige, 1973)
With J. J. Johnson and Kai Winding
* Betwixt & Between (A&M/CTI, 1969)
With Al Kooper
* You Never Know Who Your Friends Are (Columbia, 1969)
* Easy Does It (Columbia, 1970)
* Naked Songs (Columbia, 1973)
With Hubert Laws
* The Rite of Spring (CTI, 1971)
With Pearls Before Swine
* Beautiful Lies You Could Live In (Reprise, 1971)
With Phil Woods
* Greek Cooking (Impulse!, 1967)

### As producer

With Spanky and Our Gang
* Like to Get to Know You (Mercury, 1968)
* "Anything You Choose b/w Without Rhyme or Reason" (Mercury, 1969) wrote 6 songs for this album, including the politically-significant 'Give a Damn', which was adopted as a theme song by the New York Urban Coalition, and by New York Mayor John Lindsay during his 1969 re-election campaign.
# Scott DuBois

Scott DuBois (born April 27, 1978) is an American jazz guitarist and composer.

## Career

DuBois studied at the Manhattan School of Music. He recorded two albums featuring saxophonist David Liebman, Monsoon (2004) and Tempest (2006), for the Soul Note record label, three albums, Banshees (2008), Black Hawk Dance (2010) and Landscape Scripture (2012), for Sunnyside Records, and two albums, Winter Light (2015) and Autumn Wind (2017), for the ACT record label. Landscape Scripture was named one of the "Top 10 Jazz Albums of 2012" by National Public Radio. Winter Light was named one of the "Albums of the Year" (2015) by the New York City Jazz Record.
His current quartet consists of Gebhard Ullmann on tenor saxophone and bass clarinet, Thomas Morgan on bass, and Kresten Osgood on drums.
The New York Times described Scott DuBois as having "an equal commitment to knotty compositions and blank-canvas improvisation".
DuBois was named in DownBeat Magazine's 2019 Critics' Poll in the "Rising Star Guitar" Category.

## Awards and honors

* 2018 ECHO Award for Autumn Wind album.
* 2005 Thelonious Monk International Jazz Guitar Competition Semi-Finalist.

## Discography

* Monsoon (Soul Note, 2004)
* Tempest (Soul Note, 2006)
* Banshees (Sunnyside, 2008)
* Black Hawk Dance (Sunnyside, 2010)
* Landscape Scripture (Sunnyside, 2012)
* Winter Light (ACT, 2015)
* Autumn Wind (ACT, 2017)
# Edgar Sampson

Edgar Melvin Sampson (October 31, 1907 – January 16, 1973), nicknamed "The Lamb", was an American jazz composer, arranger, saxophonist, and violinist. Born in New York City, he began playing violin aged six and picked up the saxophone in high school. He worked as an arranger and composer for many jazz bands in the 1930s and 1940s. He composed two well-known jazz standards: "Stompin' at the Savoy", and "Don't Be That Way".

## Life and career

Born in New York City, Sampson began his professional career in 1924 with a violin piano duo with Joe Colman. Through the rest of the 1920s and early 1930s, Sampson played with many bands, including those of Charlie "Fess" Johnson, Duke Ellington, Rex Stewart and Fletcher Henderson.
In 1934, Sampson joined the Chick Webb band. It during his period with Webb that Sampson created his most enduring work as a composer, writing "Stompin' at the Savoy" and "Don't Be That Way". He left the Webb band in 1936 with a reputation as a composer and arranger that led to freelance work with Benny Goodman, Artie Shaw, Red Norvo, Teddy Hill, Teddy Wilson and Chick Webb.
Edgar Sampson became a student of the Schillinger System in the early 1940s. He continued to play sax through the late 1940s and started his own band (1949–51). In the late 1940s through the 1950s, he worked with Latin performers such as Marcelino Guerra, Tito Rodríguez and Tito Puente as an arranger. Sampson recorded one album under his own name, Swing Softly Sweet Sampson, in 1956. Due to illness, he stopped working in the late 1960s.
His daughter, Grace Sampson, studied music and co-wrote the standard "Mambo Inn" with Mario Bauzá and Bobby Woodlen.

## Compositions and arrangements

* "Dark Rapture" (Edgar Sampson, Benny Goodman, Manny Kurtz)
* "If Dreams Come True" (Edgar Sampson, Benny Goodman, Irving Mills)
* "Lullaby in Rhythm" (Edgar Sampson, Benny Goodman, Clarence Profit, Walter Hirsch)
* "Stompin' at the Savoy" (Edgar Sampson, Benny Goodman, Chick Webb, Andy Razaf)
* "Hoopdee Whodee (Edgar Sampson)
* "I'll Be Back for More" (Edgar Sampson, Candido Camero, Sammy Gallop)
* "Happy and Satisfied" (Edgar Sampson, Walter Bishop)
* "Cool and Groovy" (Edgar Sampson)
* "Blue Lou" (Edgar Sampson, Irving Mills)
* "The Blues Made Me Feel This Way" (Edgar Sampson)
* "Light and Sweet" (Edgar Sampson, Bill Hardy)
* "The Sweetness of You" (Edgar Sampson)
* "Don't Be That Way" (Edgar Sampson, Benny Goodman, Mitchell Parish)
(Source: Liner notes from Swing Softly Sweet Sampson, Coral Record CRL 57049 (1957)
# Artyom Primak

Artyom Alekseevich Primak (Russian: Артём Алексеевич Примак; born 14 January 1993), also spelled Artem Primak, is a Russian long and triple jumper. He was the 2012 World U20 Championships silver medallist in the triple jump, and he is a four-time Russian Athletics Championships winner in the horizontal jumps.

## Biography

Primak is from Amur Oblast, Russia, where he graduated from the Amur Regional Sports School in 2010 and was coached by Sergey Petrenko.
In 2012, Primak was selected to represent Russia at the World U20 Championships in the triple jump. Primak won the silver medal, losing only to future Olympic gold medalist Pedro Pichardo. He also won the triple jump bronze medal at the 2013 European U23 Championships.
In 2017, Primak set personal bests in both the long and triple jump at the Russian Athletics Championships. He was benefited by the absence of Alexander Menkov, who chose to focus on the world championships instead, allowing Primak to take the win in both events. Coming off of this success, he applied to compete internationally as an Authorized Neutral Athlete (following the ban of Russian athletes by World Athletics), but his application was rejected in 2018.
In May 2021, Primak was finally approved to compete internationally as a neutral athlete.
Primak also won the 2022 All-Russian Summer Sports Spartakiade with a 7.84 metres mark.
Primak won the 2023 Russian Athletics Championships in Chelyabinsk with a mark of 7.89 metres. He now competes representing the Krasnodar and Khabarovsk regions, and focuses primarily on the long jump.

## Statistics
### Personal bests

| Event | Mark | Place | Competition | Venue | Date | Ref |
| Long jump | 8.22 m (+0.7 m/s) | | Russian Athletics Championships | Zhukovsky, Moscow Oblast, Russia | 29 July 2017 | |
| Triple jump | 17.17 m (+0.2 m/s) | | Russian Athletics Championships | Zhukovsky, Moscow Oblast, Russia | 29 July 2017 | |
# Chahar Bisheh

Chahar Bisheh (Persian: چهاربيشه) may refer to various places in Iran:
* Chahar Bisheh, Fars
* Chahar Bisheh, Izeh, Khuzestan Province
* Chahar Bisheh, Masjed Soleyman, Khuzestan Province
* Chahar Bisheh-ye Olya, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province
* Chahar Bisheh-ye Sofla, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province
* Chahar Bisheh District Poultry Facility, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province
* Chahar Bisheh Industrial Estate, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province
# Tribal Scars

Tribal Scars is a collection of short stories by Senegalese author Ousmane Sembène. It was originally published in French as Voltaique in 1962.

## Plot summary
### Tribal Scars

Tribal Scars is a short story in which Ousmane presents a theory of how tribal scarring first began. It begins with a group of men sitting around a table drinking tea and discussing current affairs. When the subject of tribal scarring comes up, the table erupts into a melee of confusion, with everyone wanting to add his opinion of how the practice first started. The story that is eventually accepted by all is that African tribes began scarring themselves, so they would not be taken as slaves, and ever since then, tribal scarring has been a symbol of freedom.

## Contents

* "The False Prophet"
* "The Bilal's Fourth Wife"
* "In the Face of History"
* "Love in Sandy Lane"
* "A Matter of Conscience"
* "The Mother"
* "Her Three Days"
* "Letters from France"
* "The Community"
* "Chaiba the Algerian"
* "The Promised Land"
* "Tribal Scars" or "The Voltaique"

## Adaptations

Sembene, also a filmmaker, adapted the short story "The Promised Land" into a 1966 feature film entitled Black Girl.

## Book information

Tribal Scars (English edition) by Ousmane Sembène; translation by Len Ortzen
* Hardback ISBN 0-87953-015-4, published by INSCAPE