OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# HMS G4

HMS G4 was a British G-class submarine built for the Royal Navy during World War I.

## Description

The G-class submarines were designed by the Admiralty in response to a rumour that the Germans were building double-hulled submarines for overseas duties. The submarines had a length of 187 feet 1 inch (57.0 m) overall, a beam of 22 feet 8 inches (6.9 m) and a mean draft of 13 feet 4 inches (4.1 m). They displaced 703 long tons (714 t) on the surface and 837 long tons (850 t) submerged. The G-class submarines had a crew of 30 officers and ratings. They had a partial double hull.
For surface running, the boats were powered by two 800-brake-horsepower (597 kW) Vickers two-stroke diesel engines, each driving one propeller shaft. When submerged, each propeller was driven by a 420-horsepower (313 kW) electric motor. They could reach 14.25 knots (26.39 km/h; 16.40 mph) on the surface and 9 knots (17 km/h; 10 mph) underwater. On the surface, the G class had a range of 2,400 nautical miles (4,400 km; 2,800 mi) at 16 knots (30 km/h; 18 mph).
The boats were intended to be armed with one 21-inch (53.3 cm) torpedo tube in the bow and two 18-inch (45 cm) torpedo tubes on the beam. This was revised, however, while they were under construction, the 21-inch tube was moved to the stern and two additional 18-inch tubes were added in the bow. They carried two 21-inch and eight 18-inch torpedoes. The G-class submarines were also armed with a single 3-inch (7.6 cm) deck gun.

## Career

After commissioning, G4 was sent to join 11th Submarine Flotilla at Blyth.
On 19 June 1916, G4 was patrolling in the Kattegat when she encountered the German merchant ship SS Ems, carrying a load of oil, zinc and copper plates from Oslo to Lübeck, and stopped her with a warning shot. Once the German ship's crew had abandoned ship, G4 fired two torpedo at Ems, both of which missed, and then sank the merchant ship with gunfire. A second German merchantman escaped to neutral Swedish waters. Sweden protested about the sinking of Ems, claiming that it took place within Swedish territorial waters, but Britain denied this. The dispute between Sweden and Britain about the sinking of Ems was still ongoing at the end of the war. At some point between 20 August 1916 and 3 October 1916, she went to Scapa Flow and left there to go to Murmansk (then called Romanov), arriving on 20 October 1916. She left there on 15 November, arriving in Kirkwall five days later. G4 then spent the rest of the First World War conducting patrols in the North Sea from Blyth, and was there at the time of the armistice.
# Dana Alston

Dana Alston (December 1951 – August 7, 1999) was an environmental justice advocate. She revolutionized the fight for environmental justice, by combining climate activism with a concern for environmental pollution experienced by communities of color.

## Early life and education

Dana Alston was born in December 18, 1951 in Harlem, New York to parents Garlen and Betty Alston. From the beginning of her schooling she demonstrated interest helping fellow people of color. Alston received her higher education from Wheelock College in Boston. She was the president of the institution's Black Student Union, she advocated for more African American courses and an increase in black faculty. She graduated in 1973 with a bachelor of science degree. She was a graduate student in the School of Public Health at Columbia University, with a Master's degree in occupational and environmental health.

## Activism

Alston is known for her contribution and participation in various grassroot organizations. Her social justice work consisted of fundraising and advocating for communities that are often subjected to environmental neglect and suffer from its consequences. In relation to fundraising activities, she was the president of the National Black United Fund(NBUF). The NBUF allowed workers to make contributions to a charitable fund that was led and organized by the Black community. She co-founded the Southern Rural Women's Network, worked on pesticide issues with farmers in Rural America. Most notably, Alston co-convened the first National People of Color summit in 1991, which rallied various environmental activists to stand united to work towards a common goal in environmental justice. Dana's participation in the summit assisted in the foundation for the Principles of Environmental Justice. She was a senior program officer for Public Welfare Foundation(PWF) Environmental Initiative, a program that supported the improvement of the environment with the use of grants.

## Recognition and legacy

Alston was recognized for her advocacy, receiving many awards throughout her lifetime. She received a grant from the Charles Bannerman memorial fellowship, after leading a delegation at Rio de Janeiro for the Earth Summit and Global Forum meeting in 1992. After suffering from kidney disease, Alston died at the age of 47 on August 7, 1999. Following her death, her family created and named a fund after her, the Bannerman Fellowship. It was intended to honor her memory and dedication.
In 2023, Rachel F. Seidman, curator of women's environmental history at the Anacostia Community Museum, said that Alston's activism inspired her exhibit To Live and Breathe: Women and Environmental Justice in Washington, D.C., which highlights women in environmental activism such as Brenda Richardson, Tina Pham, and Siobhan Ollivierre.
# Mirko Koršič

Mirko Koršič (18 January 1914 – 12 December 1981) was a Yugoslav fencer. He competed in the individual and team foil events at the 1936 Summer Olympics.
# Vietnam-Sweden Hospital

Vietnam–Sweden Hospital (Vietnamese: Bệnh viện Việt Nam-Thụy Điển) is the largest general hospital in Uông Bì, Quảng Ninh Province, Vietnam, founded in 1981 with the help of the Swedish.
At present, the hospital has 7 functional, 19 clinical and 8 subclinical departments. Vietnam–Sweden Hospital has 580 beds, employs 619 health workers including 140 medical doctors and pharmacists.
Each year Vietnam–Sweden hospital organize services for nearly 140,000 out-patients, 33,000 in-patients and performs about 9,500 major surgical operations.
# Selahattin Seyhun

Selahattin Seyhun (born 28 June 1999) is a Turkish professional footballer who plays as a forward for Çatalcaspor on loan from Bucaspor 1928.

## Professional career

On 5 December 2019, Seyhun signed his first professional contract with Kayserispor for 5 years. Seyhun made his professional debut for Kayserispor in a 6–2 Süper Lig loss to Trabzonspor on 28 December 2019.
# Zürcher Unterland

The Zürcher Unterland ("Zurich lowlands") comprises the northwestern part of the canton of Zurich, including the districts of Bülach and Dielsdorf.
Geographically, it is located in the Swiss plateau, between the Limmat valley, the city of Zurich and the Zürcher Oberland in the south, river Rhine and Germany in the north. Its limit in the west is the border to the canton Aargau, in the east it ends at the district of Winterthur and the Töss river. The elevation range is between the low point of 355m at the Rhine at Eglisau, and the high point of 856m on Lägern. Its main part is lying on both sides of the river Glatt.
With the exception of the Rafzerfeld, the entire region came under the government of the city of Zurich in the course of the 15th century (Regensberg and Bülach in 1409, Regensdorf in 1469).
The region has been strongly influenced economically by Zurich Airport since the 1950s, and has been urbanized, forming part of "Greater Zurich".
There are two regional newspapers, the Zürcher Unterländer and the Neues Bülacher Tagblatt.
# Pilling

Pilling is a village and civil parish within the Wyre borough of Lancashire, England. It is 6.5 miles (10.5 km) north-northeast of Poulton-le-Fylde, 9.4 miles (15.1 km) south-southwest of Lancaster and 14.5 miles (23.3 km) northwest of Preston, in a part of the Fylde known as Over Wyre.
The civil parish of Pilling, which includes the localities of Stake Pool, Scronkey and Eagland Hill, had a total resident population of 1,739 in 2001, increasing to 2,020 at the 2011 Census. Populations in the 19th century ranged from 1,281 in 1851 to 1,572 in 1871.

## Etymology

Eilert Ekwall suggests the name is Celtic, linking it with the Welsh place-name element "Pîl" (rendered as Pyl in Old English). This etymology would suggest the settlement started as a tidal inlet used as a harbour. Ekwall suggested the geography of Pilling may be "accurately described as a pill".
The name appears as Pylin in 1246 and, if the name is indeed Celtic in origin, the termination is almost certainly the same as the common Welsh diminutive suffix "-yn", giving the meaning of "small harbour or inlet".

## History

Pilling is an ancient settlement, founded on what was essentially an "island" with the sea on one side and marsh on the others. From artefacts finds, there is evidence of spasmodic human activity within this territory dating back to the Neolithic period.
Some of the materials that went into the extension of the Garstang railway from Pilling to Knott End-on-Sea came from Richard Fleetwood's first charity school at Preesall. The school had gradually become more and more dilapidated so the contractors knocked it down and used the stones for the railway.
Damside Windmill, on Taylors Lane, was built in 1808.
"Pilling in Bloom" was a competition held in 2004.

## Geography

Pilling is an extensive mossland parish covering 3,387 hectares situated on the southern corner of Morecambe Bay. Bus routes link Pilling to Lancaster, Knott End and Fleetwood.

## Governance

Since 1974, Pilling has formed part of the Wyre borough of Lancashire served by both Wyre Borough Council and Lancashire County Council, having previously (from 1894) lain within the Garstang Rural District of Lancashire. Pilling has its own Parish Council. The population of Pilling electoral ward in 2011 was 2,293. Pilling is within the constituency of Lancaster and Fleetwood which returned Cat Smith Labour Party (UK) as M.P. in 2019.

## Places of interest

Pilling has two pubs: The Elletson Arms in Stakepool and The Golden Ball in the village. There is a community area in the village, equipped with a pathway to Pilling Sands.
There are also several churches, including St John the Baptist Church (Church of England) in the village, St William's Church (Catholic) in Stakepool, and the Pilling Methodist Church in the village.
There are two primary schools: Pilling St John's Church of England Primary School and St William's, both associated with the respective churches.

## Notable people

* Ralph Slater, millwright
# Convair Model 118

The Convair Model 118 ConvAirCar (also known as the Hall Flying Automobile) was a prototype flying car of which two were built. Intended for mainstream consumers, two prototypes were built and flown. The first prototype was lost in an accident due to fuel exhaustion. Subsequently, the second prototype was rebuilt from the damaged aircraft and flown. By that time, little enthusiasm remained for the project and the program ended shortly thereafter.

## Design and development

Consolidated Vultee Aircraft (later Convair) was seeking entry into the post-war aviation boom with a mainstream flying car. Theodore P. "Ted" Hall had studied the concept of a flying car before World War II, with Consolidated unsuccessfully proposing the idea for use in commando-type raids. Following the end of the war, Hall and Tommy Thompson designed and developed the Convair Model 116 Flying Car, featured in Popular Mechanics magazine in 1946, which consisted of a two-seat car body, powered by a rear-mounted 26 hp (19 kW) engine, with detachable monoplane wings and tail, fitted with their own tractor configuration 90 hp (67 kW) Franklin 4A4 engine driving a two-bladed wooden propeller. This flew on July 12, 1946, completing 66 test flights.
Hall subsequently designed a more sophisticated development of the Model 116, with a more refined car body and a more powerful "flight" engine. A 25 hp (19 kW) Crosley engine was in the rear, powering the plastic-bodied four-seat car and a 190 hp (142 kW) Lycoming O-435C was used for the powerplant of the aircraft. A lofty production target of 160,000 was planned, with a projected $1,500 price tag. Convair anticipated that the Model 118 would be purchased in large numbers to be rented at airports.

## Operational history

Test pilot Reuben Snodgrass flew the prototype, registration No. NX90850, for the first time on November 15, 1947. On November 18, 1947, while on a one-hour demonstration flight, it made a low fuel forced landing near San Diego, California, destroying the car body and damaging the wing. The pilot, who escaped with minor injuries, reportedly took off with little or no aviation fuel aboard. Although the fuel gauge he had visually checked during the pre-flight check indicated that the tank was full, it was the automobile's fuel gauge, not the aircraft's gauge. Using the same wing and another car body, the second prototype flew again on January 29, 1948, piloted by W.G. Griswold, but enthusiasm for the project waned and Convair cancelled the program. The rights reverted to Hall, who formed T.R Hall Engineering Corp., but the Model 118 in its new incarnation never achieved production status.

## Specifications (Model 118)

Data from General Dynamics Aircraft and their Predecessors
General characteristics
* Crew: one
* Capacity: three passengers
* Wingspan: 34 ft 5 in (10.49 m)
* Height: 8 ft 4 in (2.54 m)
* Empty weight: 1,524 lb (691 kg)
* Gross weight: 2,550 lb (1,157 kg)
* Powerplant: 1 × Lycoming O-435C air-cooled flat-six, 190 hp (140 kW)
* Powerplant: 1 × Crosley air-cooled, 25 hp (19 kW) (powered the car body)
Performance
* Cruise speed: 125 mph (201 km/h, 109 kn)
# Flags on the Battlements

Flags on the Battlements (Russian: Флаги на башнях, romanized: Flagi na bashnyakh) is a novella by Anton Makarenko, written in 1938 and published the same year in Krasnaya Nov magazine (issues 6-8). In 1939 the book came out as a separate edition through Khudozhestvennaya Literatura. This later version was considerably revised: it featured the new chapter "Unbelievable!" (Не может быть!), while one of the final chapters of the magazine-published version ("For the Rest of Our Lives", На всю жизнь) has been removed. The book was translated into English under the title Learning to Live.
Flags on the Battlements could be seen as a sequel to the 1932 novella March of the 30th Year and continues the story of the Dzerzhinsky Colony. The action in it takes place in 1931-1932.
# Gallitzin Township, Cambria County, Pennsylvania

Gallitzin Township is a township in Cambria County, Pennsylvania, United States. The township nearly surrounds, but is a separate entity from, Gallitzin borough. As of the 2010 census, the township population was 1,324. It is part of the Johnstown, Pennsylvania Metropolitan Statistical Area.

## Geography

The township is located in eastern Cambria County at 40°29′04″N 78°33′06″W﻿ / ﻿40.4844°N 78.5517°W﻿ / 40.4844; -78.5517, and is bordered by Blair County to the east. The borough of Gallitzin and part of the borough of Tunnelhill are next to the southeastern corner of the township, but are separate municipalities. The borough of Ashville touches the northwestern corner of the township.
Gallitzin Township is about 11 miles (18 km) east of Ebensburg, the Cambria County seat, and 12 miles (19 km) west of Altoona. According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 17.1 square miles (44.3 km$^2$), all land.

## Communities
### Unincorporated communities

* Amsbry
* Buckhorn
* Coupon
* Elstie
* Kaylor
* Spindley City
* Syberton

## Demographics

At the 2000 census there were 1,310 people, 452 households, and 363 families in the township. The population density was 77.2 inhabitants per square mile (29.8/km$^2$). There were 471 housing units at an average density of 27.8 per square mile (10.7/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the township was 99.24% White, 0.08% Native American, 0.08% from other races, and 0.61% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.31%.
There were 452 households, 40.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 66.8% were married couples living together, 6.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 19.5% were non-families. 17.0% of households were made up of individuals, and 7.3% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 2.90 and the average family size was 3.25.
The age distribution was 27.1% under the age of 18, 7.2% from 18 to 24, 31.5% from 25 to 44, 23.1% from 45 to 64, and 11.1% 65 or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females there were 111.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 110.8 males.
The median household income was $31,790 and the median family income was $35,694. Males had a median income of $26,938 versus $17,386 for females. The per capita income for the township was $15,752. About 7.5% of families and 8.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 7.9% of those under age 18 and 5.8% of those age 65 or over.

## Unincorporated community

* Coupon
# Serbay Yağız

Serbay Yagiz (born 19 August 1991) is a Turkish professional footballer who plays as a winger for Kahramanmaraşspor.
# New Haven (disambiguation)

New Haven is a coastal city in the U.S. state of Connecticut.
Newhaven is a port town in East Sussex, England.
New Haven or Newhaven may also refer to:

## Places
### United States

* New Haven, California, now called Alvarado
* New Haven County, Connecticut
* New Haven, Illinois
* New Haven, Indiana
* New Haven, Kentucky
* New Haven, Michigan
* New Haven, Missouri
* New Haven, New York
* New Haven, Hamilton County, Ohio
* New Haven, Huron County, Ohio
* New Haven, Pennsylvania, now part of Connellsville, Pennsylvania
* New Haven, Vermont
* New Haven, West Virginia
* New Haven, Adams County, Wisconsin
* New Haven, Dunn County, Wisconsin
* New Haven Colony, an English colonial venture in present-day Connecticut from 1637 to 1662

### Elsewhere

* New Haven, Enugu, Nigeria
* New Haven, Falkland Islands
* Newhaven, Derbyshire, England, a hamlet
* Newhaven, Devon, a location in England
* Newhaven, East Sussex, England, a port town
* Newhaven, Edinburgh, Scotland
* Newhaven, Victoria, Australia
* Newhaven Wildlife Sanctuary, Northern Territory, Australia

## Other uses

* New Haven 600, a series of shotguns
* New Haven EP-5, electric locomotive class (1955)
* New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad, known as the New Haven, 1872–1968
* University of New Haven, Connecticut, U.S.
* Newhaven, a bombing marking technique used by the Pathfinders
* Newhaven (horse), the 1896 Melbourne Cup winner
* Newhaven College, a school on Phillip Island, Victoria, Australia
* Newhaven F.C., a football club in Newhaven, East Sussex
* Viscount Newhaven, a title in the Peerage of Scotland
# Ranger (yacht)

Ranger was a J-class racing yacht that successfully defended the 1937 America's Cup, defeating the British challenger Endeavour II 4–0 at Newport, Rhode Island. It was the last time J-class yachts would race for the America's Cup.

## Design

Harold Stirling Vanderbilt funded construction of Ranger, and she was launched on May 11, 1937. She was designed by Starling Burgess and Olin Stephens, and constructed by Bath Iron Works. Stephens would credit Burgess with actually designing Ranger, but the radical departure from the heavy displacement sailing yachts was attributal to Stephens himself who had first used the design in Dorade, winner of the 1931 Trans-Atlantic Race. Geerd Hendel, Burgess's chief draftsman, also had a hand in drawing many of the plans.
The hull was all-steel welded by a shielded arc process with a weight-saving aluminum, arc-welded, mast counterbalanced with a 110-ton lead keel supported by an arc-welded steel keel plate.
Ranger was constructed according to the Universal Rule that constrained the various dimensions of racing yachts, such as sail area and length. Often referred to as the "super J", Ranger received a rating of 76, the maximum allowed while still adhering to the Universal Rule.

## Career

Ranger raced Endeavour II in the 1937 America's Cup, winning 4–0.
Ranger was scrapped between either 1941 or 1946 – sources differ.

## Replica

Construction of a replica of Ranger was started at Danish Yacht Boatyard (by Royal Denship) in early 2002 and was completed in late December 2003. The original designs were used as the basis for the new boat but were updated to conform to the latest safety regulations and the requirement of the owner to cross oceans in comfort.
# The Mask of Cthulhu

The Mask of Cthulhu is a collection of fantasy and horror short stories by American writer August Derleth. It was released in 1958 by Arkham House in an edition of 2,051 copies. It was reprinted by Beagle Books in 1971.
The stories are part of the Cthulhu Mythos and most had appeared in the magazine Weird Tales between 1939 and 1953.

## Contents

The Mask of Cthulhu contains the following tales:
* "Introduction"
* "The Return of Hastur"
* "The Whippoorwills in the Hills"
* "Something in Wood"
* "The Sandwin Compact"
* "The House in the Valley"
* "The Seal of R'lyeh"

## Critical reception

E. F. Bleiler commented the book in The Guide to Supernatural Fiction (1983): "Hasty work not up to Derleth’s better level. Derleth was never really at home in the Cthulhu cycle. There are too many digressions to the Necronomicon, the mythology of the Great Ones, [and] the events described in Lovecraft’s stories."
# Delta Hydrae

Delta Hydrae, Latinized from δ Hydrae, is a double star in the equatorial constellation of Hydra. It is visible to the naked eye with an apparent visual magnitude of 4.146. Based upon an annual parallax shift of 20.34 mas, it is located about 160 light years from the Sun.
This is a double star with an angular separation of 2.6±0.1 arc second along a position angle of 265.1°±1.0°, as of 2003. The brighter component is an A-type main sequence star with a stellar classification of A1 Vnn. It is spinning rapidly with a projected rotational velocity of 285 km/s. This is giving the star an oblate shape with an equatorial bulge that is 20% larger than the polar radius. It has an estimated 2.88 times the mass of the Sun and 2.7 times the Sun's radius. The star is about 244 million years old and it radiates 42.7 times the solar luminosity from its outer atmosphere at an effective temperature of 11,055 K.
The companion has a visual magnitude of 11.15. X-ray emissions have been detected from this location in space, which may be coming from a companion star.

## Name and etymology

In the catalogue of stars in the Calendarium of Al Achsasi Al Mouakket, this star was designated Lisan al Shudja, which was translated into Latin as Lingua Hydri, meaning the snake's tongue. This star, along with ε Hya, ζ Hya, η Hya, ρ Hya and σ Hya (Minchir), were Ulugh Beg's Min al Azʽal, "Belonging to the Uninhabited Spot".
According to the catalogue of stars in the Technical Memorandum 33-507 - A Reduced Star Catalog Containing 537 Named Stars, Min al Azʽal or Minazal were the title for five stars :δ Hya as Minazal I, η Hya as Minazal II, ε Hya as Minazal III, ρ Hya as Minazal IV and ζ Hya as Minazal V (exclude σ Hya)
In Chinese, 柳宿 (Liǔ Sù), meaning Willow (asterism), refers to an asterism consisting of δ Hydrae, σ Hydrae, η Hydrae, ρ Hydrae, ε Hydrae, ζ Hydrae, ω Hydrae and θ Hydrae Consequently, δ Hydrae itself is known as 柳宿一 (Liǔ Sù yī, English: the First Star of Willow.)
The people of Groote Eylandt called Unwala, "The Crab", for the star cluster including this star, ε Hya, ζ Hya, η Hya, ρ Hya and σ Hya (Minchir).