OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Rus'–Byzantine Treaty (945)

The Rus'–Byzantine Treaty, between the Byzantine emperor Constantine VII and Igor I of Kiev, was concluded either in 944 or 945. It was a result of the Rus'-Byzantine War of 941 undertaken by Kievan Rus' against Constantinople. Its provisions were less advantageous for the Rus' than those of the previous treaty, associated with the name of Igor's predecessor Oleg. It was one of the earliest written sources of Kievan Rus' law.
The text of the treaty, as preserved in the Primary Chronicle, contains agreements regarding the Rus' promise not to attack Chersonesos, a Byzantine exclave in the Crimea (Article 8). The mouth of the Dnieper River (Beloberezhye) was to be administered jointly, although the Rus' were forbidden to winter there and to oppress fishers from Chersonesos (Article 12). Article 2 of the treaty contains provisions on maritime law. In order to distinguish peaceful merchants from raiders, each ship of the Rus' was to bear a charter of the Kievan prince, explaining how many people and how many ships would sail to Constantinople. Otherwise, the Rus' ships might be apprehended by the imperial authorities.
The text also contains a list of Rus' plenipotentiaries (no fewer than fifty are named). The overwhelming majority have Norse names. One part of the Rus' envoys swear to their pagan gods, while another part invoke the name of the Christian God, indicating that a portion of the Rus' elite was Christianized.
The total number of names is 76, among whom 12 belong to the ruling family, 11 to emissaries, 27 to other agents, and 26 to merchants. In the princely family, there are three Slavic names Svjatoslav, son of prince Igor' (Ingvar) and Volodislav and Predslava (of unknown relation). The other members of the family have Norse names, i.e. Olga (Helga), Akun (Hákon), Sfanda (Svanhildr), Uleb (Óleifr), etc. The emissaries also have Old Norse names except for three who have Finnish names. Olga has a representative by the Finnish name Iskusevi, whereas Volodislav is represented by the Norse Uleb (Óleifr). Among the 27 agents there are some who have Finnish names, but none with Slavic, while among the 26 merchants there are three with Finnish names and two with Slavic.
# Multi-National Division (North) (Bosnia)

Multi-National Division (North) was an international military formation, part of IFOR and then SFOR under NATO command in Bosnia-Hercegovina from 1995. It was based at Tuzla and was American led. Its U.S. designation was Task Force Eagle.
The tasks of the IFOR Land Component were carried out by three Multi National Divisions. Multi-National Division (North) was led by the US Army 1st Armored Division under the command of Major General William L. Nash. It constituted the bulk of the ground forces for Task Force Eagle. They began to deploy on 18 December 1995. MND-N was composed of two U.S. Brigades, a Russian brigade, a Turkish brigade, and the Nordic-Polish Brigade.
* The 1st Separate Airborne Brigade (1 RSAB) of the Russian Airborne Troops, initially under the command of Colonel Aleksandr Ivanovich Lentsov, was part of the Task Force Eagle effort. At first the Brigade consisted of 1,500 soldiers. In the beginning, Russian forces were stationed in five camps (Ugljevik, Priboj, Simin Han, Vukocavci and Spasoevici). One year later, the area of responsibility was given to the command of infantry troops from Saint Petersburg's military region in Russia.
* The 1st Brigade, 1st Armored Division was commanded by Colonel Gregory Fontenot and covered the northwest. The 1AD 2d Brigade, led by Col John Batiste, constituted the southern flank of the US sector, based in Camp Lisa, about 20 km east of Kladanj. Task Force 2-68 Armor, based in Baumholder, Germany (later re-flagged to 1-35 AR), was based in Camp Linda, outside of Olovo. This was the Southern boundary of the US Sector. The 1st Armored Division returned in late 1996 to Germany.
* One of MND-N's components was the Nordic-Polish Brigade (NORDPOLBDE) (Polish: Brygada Nordycko-Polska, see pl:Polski Kontyngent Wojskowy w Bośni i Hercegowinie) which was a multinational brigade of Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Latvia, Lithuania, Norway, Poland, Sweden and USA. It was formed in 1996, and till its disestablishment in 2000 it was stationed in Bosnia and Herzegovina as part of both IFOR and SFOR. The Nordic Support Group at Pécs in Hungary handled the relay of supply, personnel and other logistical tasks between the NORDPOL participating countries and their deployed forces in Bosnia-Herzegovina. It comprised several National Support Elements.
# Mary Cagle

Mary Cagle, also known as Cube Watermelon, is an American webcomic artist known for creating Kiwi Blitz, Let's Speak English, and Sleepless Domain.

## Personal life

Cagle was raised in Corpus Christi, Texas and developed a strong interest in Japanese pop-culture, including both older and more modern anime and video games. In 2013, Cagle graduated from the Savannah College of Art and Design and became an English teacher at an elementary school in Kurihara, Japan. Cagle is asexual.

## Works
### Kiwi Blitz

In 2009, Cagle started the action/comedy webcomic Kiwi Blitz. Its plot follows a couple of teenagers attempting to fight crime in the pseudo-near future. Kiwi Blitz draws many of its influences from anime, featuring Americanized Japanese mecha designs. Brian Cronin of Comic Book Resources described the set-up of Kiwi Blitz as a "strong concept" that should be able to sustain itself for a long time. Praising the "interesting" cast, Cronin noted that Cagle is willing to "mix things up" so that story doesn't become stale. Lauren Davis of io9 listed Kiwi Blitz among her top ten superhero webcomics. The comic has been on hiatus since September 2021.

### Let's Speak English

In November 2013, Cagle began illustrating her experiences of being an English teacher in Japan in the form of slice-of-life snippets. The webcomic, titled Let's Speak English, shows Cagle dealing with subjects such as Japanese pop-culture, toilets, thin walls, and the language barrier. It has been compared to the Japanese manga Yotsuba&! due to their shared slice-of-life elements. The comic concluded in 2016, with Mary moving back to America and ending her teaching job.

### Sleepless Domain

Cagle started the webcomic Sleepless Domain in 2015. The story, set in a city that is invaded by malicious monsters on a nightly basis, features a group of magical girls and their interpersonal issues. Hachette began publishing a French-language physical release of the comic in 2018. In 2019, Sleepless Domain was shortlisted for the eighth Cartoonist Studio Prize for Best Web Comic. In 2020, Seven Seas Entertainment announced a print and ebook release of the comic.
In a review of the first collected volume, Publishers Weekly praised the comic for its darker take on the magical girl genre, noting its exploration of themes such as survivor's guilt, power, and exploitation. Kotaku described the comic as a tragic story about "loss of fellowship," also noting that the comic's darker themes are contrasted with Cagle's cute art style. Sleepless Domain was included in CBR's Top 100 Comics of 2022, with Brian Cronin praising the comic for its character work and art.
Sleepless Domain has also been noted for its positive LGBTQ+ representation and themes. The LGBTQ+ culture website INTO included Sleepless Domain in its list of "10 Fabulous LGBTQ+ Magical Girl Comics for Queer Readers," noting the comic's sensitive handling of difficult subject matter and its unique premise. LGBTQ Reads also recommended the comic for its LGBTQ-friendly world and characters, calling it "refreshing" that the characters' LGBTQ+ identities are accepted and normalized within the story.
# Yasuhiko Nagatoshi

Yasuhiko Nagatoshi (1942) is a former US national champion in judo. In the 1967 US National Championships, Nagatoshi won grand champion and the gold medal in the under 80 kg division. He was a bronze medalist in the 1968 National Championships.
Nagatoshi first came to America via an exchange program to Norwalk. He holds the rank of 7th dan. Nagatoshi was the Olympic alternate for Japan.
# George Stambolian

George Stambolian (born April 10, 1938 – December 22, 1991, New York City) was an American educator, writer, and editor of Armenian descent. Stambolian was a key figure in the early gay literary movement that came out of New York during the 1960s and 1970s. He was best known as the editor of the Men on Men anthologies of gay fiction.
Stambolian graduated from Dartmouth College and carried out graduate studies at the University of Wisconsin, earning a Ph.D. in 1969 with a dissertation that was subsequently published as Marcel Proust and the Creative Encounter (1972). From 1966 until his retirement in 1991, Stambolian was a professor in the Department of French at Wellesley College, where he taught courses on French language and literature. He wrote and edited Twentieth Century French Fiction: Essays for Germaine Brée (1975) and, with Elaine Marks, Homosexualities and French Literature (1979).
Men on Men: Best New Fiction, edited by Stambolian and including an introduction he wrote, was published by New American Library (Plume) in 1986. The anthology featured the work of some prominent gay authors of that period as well as others less well established. The critical acclaim accorded this volume and its popular success led to the publication of three sequels which Stambolian likewise edited and introduced. He was awarded the 1990 Lambda Literary Award in the category Gay Men's Anthologies for editing Men on Men 3. The fourth of these anthologies was released after his death in December 1991 from complications of AIDS at the age of 53.
Stambolian's parents were Armenian immigrants, and he explored his Armenian heritage in a short story entitled "In My Father's Car" in the third volume of Men on Men. He inspired the gay Armenian American character in Armistead Maupin's Maybe the Moon.
# My EBT

"My EBT" is a 2011 hip-hop song performed by Stanley Lafleur under the alias "Mr. EBT". The song laments what can be done with an Electronic Benefit Transfer card (used for social service/public assistance benefits in the United States), part of the welfare system.
The song and its video became controversial, especially among conservative pundits, who considered the song a glorification of the country's welfare system, even though it was a parody.

## Content

The lyrics of "My EBT" are based on real-life examples of welfare abuse that Lafleur had witnessed first-hand. The song laments a person using their sister's E.B.T. card (which is considered to be a fraudulent and hence also abusive use of the card) to acquire a large array of junk food (mostly potato chips and soft drinks) from various stores ("never going hungry, swiping all day"), and attempting to, but failing to also purchase marijuana and alcohol on the card as well. As an excuse for the actions, the song also states that it is okay because "it's an E.B.T., it ain't food stamps."
The song was also accompanied by a music video posted on YouTube, which featured Lafleur going around to various stores to purchase junk food using an E.B.T. card, much like what is described in the song itself.

## Reception

The song gained attention when its music video was posted by the Drudge Report. Numerous conservative commentators and websites criticized the song and video, complaining that the video "celebrat[ed] the pure coolness of any and all things gotten for nothing", and glorified welfare. Ben Shapiro criticized the song by evoking racist imagery and stating that the rapper is "the sort of leech who is bankrupting our society."
In response to the criticism, Lefleur defended the video by saying that the song and video represented the problems with the E.B.T. system and people who abuse it, described as being people who "[rub] the benefit card in the face of taxpayers" (as he portrayed himself doing in the video), thus denying help to those who really need it the most.
# Delgamuwa Raja Maha Vihara

Delgamuwa Raja Maha Vihara (Sinhala: දෙල්ගමුව රජ මහා විහාරය) is an ancient Buddhist temple situated in Kuruvita of Ratnapura District, Sri Lanka. This temple is reputed as the hiding place of the tooth relic of Buddha during the ruling period of Portuguese in the country.
Currently this temple has been declared as one of the archaeological sites in Sri Lanka.

## History

The written history of Delgamuwa Vihara goes back to the time period of Sitawaka kingdom. During the past this temple was known as Saparagamu Vihara and Labujagama Viharaya as well.
With the arrival of the Portuguese in 1505 and the death of the King Bhuwanakabahu VII of Kotte Kingdom, a political turmoil was caused in the country. This was intensified with the conversion to Catholicism by King Don Juan Dharmapala. This incidence led the then Diyawadana Nilame Hiripitiye Divana Rala, who was the custodian of the tooth relic, to move the relic from Kotte Kingdom to King Mayadunne of Sitawaka (now Avissawella) for safe keeping in 1549. With the guidance of king Mayadunne the tooth relic was brought to Delgamuwa Vihara for further safekeeping, and kept it in a Kurahan (Eleusine coracana) grinding stone at the Vihara premises.
In 1592 Konappu Bandara, who conquered the throne of Kandy again, changed his name as Wimaladharmasuriya I and reclaimed the tooth relic from Delgamuwa vihara in Ratnapura to Kandy. He managed to build a separate two-storied palace to enshrine the tooth relic within the palace complex.
A few years after the removal of tooth relic, the temple was robbed and demolished by the Portuguese who constructed a fort there later.
# Running on Empty (2024 film)

Running on Empty is a 2024 romantic comedy science fiction film written and directed by Daniel André and starring Lucy Hale and Keir Gilchrist.

## Premise

Set in the near future in San Fernando Valley, California, the technology exists for a mortician to discover how long he has left to live, and he decides to make the most of every day.

## Cast

* Lucy Hale as Kate
* Keir Gilchrist as Mort
* Emelina Adams as Olivia
* Dustin Milligan as Randall
* Francesca Eastwood as Nicole
* Monica Potter as Elaine
* Clara McGregor as Brittany
* Leslie Stratton as Rita
* Dylan Flashner as Nathaniel
* Isaac C. Singleton Jr. as Big Rey
* Jim Gaffigan as Barry
* Rhys Coiro as Simon
* Jay Pharoah as Sid

## Production

The project was announced in 2022 with the title Mort in Sherman Oaks. It is written and directed by Daniel André in his feature length debut. It is produced by Robert Ogden Barnum, Greg Lauritano, Lucas Jarach, Luke Daniels and Daniel André.
The cast is led by Lucy Hale and Keir Gilchrist and also includes Jim Gaffigan, Jay Pharoah, Rhys Coiro and Monica Potter.

## Release

The film was released by Lionsgate on 9 August 2024.

## Reception

On the review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, Running on Empty holds an approval rating of 17% from 18 reviews.
Ben Gibbons for Screen Rant praised Lucy Hale's performance which "shines in the film" and said that "Keir Gilchrist and Hale have great chemistry" but criticised the script. Monica Castillo for Rogerebert.com said the film has a "playful premise" but criticised the script which "quickly falls apart with repeated jokes".
# 1866 Gallatin County race riot

The 1866 Gallatin County Race Riot took place from August 3 past August 13 a year after the close of the American Civil War in Gallatin County, Kentucky. It was part of waves of violence by whites against blacks in the state, and even in northern Kentucky, where the black population was relatively small. According to historians Lowell H. Harrison and James C. Klotter, "A band of five hundred whites in Gallatin County... forced hundreds of blacks to flee across the Ohio River."

## Background

This was part of white insurgent violence throughout the state against blacks. In the aftermath of war, most veterans had retained their arms. The Freedmen's Bureau reported "hundreds of outrages" against blacks during this year. The Civil Rights Act of 1866 had been passed by Congress, giving blacks the right to testify against whites in court, but Kentucky courts ignored the law, and white vigilantes went largely unpunished.
In areas with a relatively small black population, like Gallatin County, whites sometimes tried to drive all blacks away. During the 1866 race riot, for example, some 500 whites in Warsaw were "whipping Blacks, stealing their property, and ordering them to leave the area," according to a letter by the local Freedman's Bureau office.
Freedmen's Bureau agent J.J. Landrum reported by letter dated August 3, 1866 to the area office in Covington, Kentucky, "Some 200 negroes I'm informed crossed the Ohio above this place today others are preparing to leave for fear of... other abuses." In a second letter describing the situation in Warsaw 10 days later, J.J Landrum concluded that Union soldiers, or bluecoats", were needed in order to stop the violence. There is no documentation for when that spate of violence ended. Violence against blacks in northern Kentucky continued into the next year, when blacks were attacked and pushed out of Kenton, Boone and Grant counties in August 1867, seeking shelter in Covington.
# GNB1L

Guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta-like protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GNB1L gene.
This gene encodes a G-protein beta-subunit-like polypeptide which is a member of the WD repeat protein family. WD repeats are minimally conserved regions of approximately 40 amino acids typically bracketed by gly-his and trp-asp (GH-WD), which may facilitate formation of heterotrimeric or multiprotein complexes. Members of this family are involved in a variety of cellular processes, including cell cycle progression, signal transduction, apoptosis, and gene regulation. This protein contains 6 WD repeats and is highly expressed in the heart. The gene maps to the region on chromosome 22q11, which is deleted in DiGeorge syndrome, trisomic in derivative 22 syndrome and tetrasomic in cat-eye syndrome. Therefore, this gene may contribute to the etiology of those disorders. Transcripts from this gene share exons with some transcripts from the C22orf29 gene.
# Ministry of Energy (Turkmenistan)

The Ministry of Energy of Turkmenistan (Turkmen: Türkmenistan energetika ministrligi) is a Cabinet Ministry in the Turkmenistan. Since 2015, the portfolio has been headed by Minister Charymurad Purchekov.

## History

According to the Decree of the President of Turkmenistan Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedov on July 7, 2012 "On creation of the Ministry of Energy of Turkmenistan" was the successor of the abolished department of the Ministry of Energy and Industry of Turkmenistan. By focusing on the power sector, the ministry will be able to deliver it more effective management and coordination. Before the agency faces the challenges of large-scale modernization of existing power generation capacity, the creation of new ones, to increase electricity export.

## Ministers

| No | Name | Start | End |
| 1 | Murad Artykov | 06.07.2012 | 10.01.2014 |
| 2 | Geldy Saryev | 10.01.2014 | 21.08.2015 |
| 3 | Döwran Rejepow | 21.08.2015 | 27.02.2017 |
| 4 | Charymurad Purchekov | 27.02.2017 | Present |
# Rostamabad

Rostamabad (Persian: رستم اباد) may refer to the following places in Iran:

## Ardabil Province

* Rostamabad, Ardabil, a village in Kowsar County

## Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province

* Rostamabad, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari, a village in Ardal County

## Fars Province

* Rostamabad, Fars, a village in Kazerun County

## Gilan Province

* Rostamabad, Gilan, a city in Gilan Province, Iran
* Rostamabad-e Jonubi Rural District
* Rostamabad-e Shomali Rural District

## Hamadan Province

* Rostamabad, Hamadan, a village in Asadabad County

## Hormozgan Province

* Rostamabad-e Dehvast, a village in Bashagard County
* Rostamabad, Parsian, a village in Parsian County
* Rostamabad, Rudan, a village in Rudan County

## Kerman Province

* Narmashir, formerly, Rostamabad, a city in Kerman Province, Iran
* Rostamabad-e Chah Degan, a village in Fahraj County
* Rostamabad, Qaleh Ganj, a village in Qaleh Ganj County
* Rostamabad, Rigan, a village in Rigan County
* Rostamabad, Rudbar-e Jonubi, a village in Rudbar-e Jonubi County

## Kermanshah Province

* Rostamabad-e Bozorg, a village in Kangavar County
* Rostamabad-e Kuchak, a village in Kangavar County
* Rostamabad-e Rika, a village in Kermanshah County

## Khuzestan Province

* Rostamabad, Andika, a village in Andika County
* Rostamabad, Ramhormoz, a village in Ramhormoz County

## Lorestan Province

* Rostamabad, Lorestan, a village in Lorestan Province, Iran
* Rostamabad Jamshidi, a village in Lorestan Province, Iran

## North Khorasan Province

* Rostamabad, North Khorasan, a village in North Khorasan Province, Iran

## Qazvin Province

* Rostamabad, Qazvin, a village in Qazvin Province, Iran

## Razavi Khorasan Province

* Rostamabad, Nishapur, a village in Nishapur County

## Semnan Province

* Rostamabad, Semnan, a village in Aradan County

## Sistan and Baluchestan Province

* Rostamabad, Nukabad, a village in Khash County

## Tehran Province

* Rostamabad, Damavand, a village in Damavand County
* Rostamabad, Varamin, a village in Varamin County
# Crvulevo

Crvulevo (Macedonian: Црвулево) is a village in the municipality of Karbinci, North Macedonia.

## Demographics

According to the 2002 census, the village had a total of 51 inhabitants. Ethnic groups in the village include:
* Macedonians 42
* Serbs 1
* Aromanians 8
As of 2021, the village of Crvulevo has 18 inhabitants and the ethnic composition was the following:
* Macedonians – 16
* Person without Data - 2
# Anterior ligament of elbow

The anterior ligament of the elbow is a broad and thin fibrous layer covering the anterior surface of the joint.
It is attached to the front of the medial epicondyle and to the front of the humerus immediately above the coronoid and radial fossae below, to the anterior surface of the coronoid process of the ulna and to the annular ligament, being continuous on either side with the collateral ligaments.
Its superficial fibers pass obliquely from the medial epicondyle of the humerus to the annular ligament.
The middle fibers, vertical in direction, pass from the upper part of the coronoid fossa and become partly blended with the preceding, but are inserted mainly into the anterior surface of the coronoid process.
The deep or transverse set intersects these at right angles. This ligament is in relation, in front, with the brachialis muscle, except at its most lateral part.
# Udrzyn

Udrzyn is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Brańszczyk, within Wyszków County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately 10 kilometres (6 mi) east of Brańszczyk, 21 km (13 mi) north-east of Wyszków, and 71 km (44 mi) north-east of Warsaw.
# Thomas Freke

Thomas Freke may refer to:
* Thomas Freke (died 1633) (1563–1633), member of parliament for Dorchester and Dorset
* Thomas Freke (died 1701) (1638–1701), member of parliament for Dorset
* Thomas Freke (1660–1721), member of parliament for Cricklade, Weymouth and Melcombe Regis and Lyme Regis
# HIST1H2AI

Histone H2A type 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HIST1H2AI gene.
Histones are basic nuclear proteins that are responsible for the nucleosome structure of the chromosomal fiber in eukaryotes. Two molecules of each of the four core histones (H2A, H2B, H3, and H4) form an octamer, around which approximately 146 bp of DNA is wrapped in repeating units, called nucleosomes. The linker histone, H1, interacts with linker DNA between nucleosomes and functions in the compaction of chromatin into higher order structures. This gene is intronless and encodes a member of the histone H2A family. Transcripts from this gene lack polyA tails but instead contain a palindromic termination element. This gene is found in the small histone gene cluster on chromosome 6p22-p21.3.