OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# General Rafael Urdaneta Bridge

The General Rafael Urdaneta Bridge is located at the Tablazo Strait outlet of Lake Maracaibo, in western Venezuela. The bridge connects Maracaibo with much of the rest of the country. It is named after General Rafael Urdaneta, a Venezuelan hero of Independence who was born in Maracaibo.

## Design and construction

Made of reinforced and prestressed concrete, the cable-stayed bridge spans 8.678 kilometres (5.392 mi) from shore to shore. The five main spans are each 235 metres (771 ft) long. They are supported from 92-metre (302 ft) tall towers, and provide 46 metres (151 ft) of clearance to the water below. The bridge carries only vehicles.
The competition to design the bridge started in 1957 and was won by Juan Francisco Otaola Pavan and his partner Oscar Benedetti, Venezuelan civil engineers and owners of Precomprimido C.A., with the design of Riccardo Morandi, an Italian civil engineer. While Morandi designed the bridge, it was Otaola and Benedetti who made the structural and budget calculations, which in part with Otaola's demand for the project to be done by at least 50% of Venezuelan companies and workforce, secured the winning bid for the Venezuelan government. Precomprimido's was the only concrete design out of twelve entries, and was expected to be less expensive to maintain, as well as providing valuable experience of prestressed concrete technology for Venezuela. Precomprimido's construction was aided by several international companies, primarily Julius Berger as well as Grün & Bilfinger, Bauboag AG, Philipp Holzmann AG, Wayss & Freytag and K Ingeniería.
According to eminent bridge engineer Michel Virlogeux:
   the Lake Maracaibo Bridge deserves to be part of the series of the most famous bridges over the world, with the Golden Gate Bridge, the bridge over the Firth of Forth, the Brooklyn Bridge, and the Garabit Viaduct.

## History

It was opened on 24 August 1962 by the then-president of Venezuela Romulo Betancourt.
In April 1964, parts of the bridge collapsed after a collision with the tanker Esso Maracaibo, causing the deaths of seven people.
The construction of a second cable-stayed bridge has been proposed since 1982, with a series of studies made since 2000. The cost of the new bridge has been estimated at US$440m, to be largely privately financed via tolls.
The bridge's structural integrity received heightened concern after the August 2018 collapse of a stayed pier on a similar bridge, Ponte Morandi in Genoa, Italy.
# Association of Peace

An Association of Peace (Finnish: rauhanyhdistys) is an official grouping of conservative Laestadians. In Europe there are 214 Associations of Peace: 179 in Finland, eight in Russia, five in Sweden, one in Norway and one in Estonia. There are also three central organizations: SRK in Finland, SFC [sv] in Sweden and Estonian Lutheran Association of Peace in Estonia. The Laestadian Lutheran Church does mission work worldwide in collaboration with Association of Peace organizations.
# Nova Geração de Televisão

NGT (Portuguese: Nova Geração de Televisão - English New Generation of Television) is a Brazilian television network. The station came about through the acquisition of two educational television concessions by businessman Marco Antônio Bernardes Costa; one in the city of Osasco, in the state of São Paulo, on behalf of the Fundação Fátima, and another in the city of Rio de Janeiro, on behalf of the Fundação Veneza. These concessions became the two headquarters of the network, together producing its national programming. The network has 35 affiliated television stations in 15 Brazilian states, as well as several retransmitters in 17 states, covering 13.6% of Brazilian territory.

## Stations

* NGT São Paulo (channel 16, virtual 48)
* NGT Rio de Janeiro (channel 45, virtual 12)

## Programs

* Anjos da Guarda
* Barlada
* Brazil Cook Book
* Caminhos do Rodeio
* Celeste Maria Recebe
* Cotidiano
* Desenhos Infantis
* Estilo
* Fala Galera!
* Festa Popular
* Jornal Metropolitano RJ
* Jornal Metropolitano SP
* Madrugadão NGT
* Mulheres em Ação
* Na Levada do Samba
* NGT Clipes
* NGT Esporte
* NGT Kids
* NGT Notícias
* NGT Séries
* Nordeste em Destaque com Fátima Dantas
* Os C&D
* Os Hermanos Perdidos no Brasil
* P.O.L.Í.C.I.A.
* Profissão Mulher
* Programa do Jacaré
* Serginho Total
* Sessão de Filmes
* Sessão de Shows
* Show do Balalá
* Temperando o Papo
* Viaja Brasil
* Programa Show Marques
# Yoon Sung-yeul

Yoon Sung-yeul (born December 22, 1987) is a South Korean football player who plays for Seoul E-Land.

## Club statistics

| Club performance | Club performance | Club performance | League | League | Cup | Cup | Total | Total |
| Season | Club | League | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Japan | Japan | Japan | League | League | Emperor's Cup | Emperor's Cup | Total | Total |
| 2011 | Machida Zelvia | Football League | 14 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 14 | 0 |
| 2012 | Matsumoto Yamaga | J2 League | 23 | 0 | | | 23 | 0 |
| 2013 | Matsumoto Yamaga | J2 League | 17 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 18 | 0 |
| 2014 | Matsumoto Yamaga | J2 League | 15 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 16 | 0 |
| Country | Japan | Japan | 69 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 71 | 0 |
| Total | Total | Total | 69 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 71 | 0 |
# Illana May

Illana May (born February 1976) is a South African singer-songwriter/guitarist.
She was educated in Messina, (now known as Musina), South Africa at Eric Louw High School.
Averaging over 180 live shows per year, she is the busiest female musician in South Africa. With 7 CDs and a DVD released, her music is popular across Southern Africa.
Whilst performing a wide range of cover songs, she also produces her own original music with a distinct rock feel. She sings in English and Afrikaans, and performs music in the genres of rock, pop, country and western and R&B.
* Live on Stage in Rustenburg, North West Province.
* Live on Stage at Graceland Casino, Secunda, Mpumalanga Province
* Live on Stage at Bela Bela, Limpopo Province
* Live on Stage at Thabazimbi, in front of 3000 people Limpopo Province

## Sources

* ↑ "Eric Louw High School Student Register". Archived from the original on 27 September 2007. Retrieved 15 March 2007.
# David Austin (actor)

David Austin (born 1967) is a New Zealand-based actor.

## Biography

Austin's family moved to New Zealand when he was 8 months old and settled in the Auckland suburb of Manurewa. He left school at 15, serving an apprenticeship in Fitting at the Otahuhu Railway Workshops. During the nineties David worked in various jobs, including shoe repair, carpentry and anodising. In 2004, Austin quit full-time work to study Multimedia at SAE Institute in Auckland and set up his own web design business the following year. In 2007, he took up acting, becoming the frightening face of New Zealand road safety in a series of ads on intersections and in 2009 played Medicus in the Starz series Spartacus: Blood and Sand.
David Austin is also a songwriter, musician and producer. He has released several solo projects as well as material with his former band Stark Raven. David Austin appears as the guest bassist on The Feckers song (and also appears in the subsequent video) "Music Keeps Me Sane". David has written and recorded with The Feckers members Chris Szkup and Richard Anderson on several songs that appeared on his solo album "A Changing Sky", as well as demos that exist of other unreleased Austin-Szkup-Anderson songs.
# El Salvador–Uruguay relations

El Salvador and Uruguay share a common history in the fact that both nations were once part of the Spanish Empire. Formal diplomatic relations were established in 1929. Both nations are members of the Community of Latin American and Caribbean States, Group of 77, Organization of American States, Organization of Ibero-American States and the United Nations.

## History

Both El Salvador and Uruguay were once part of the Spanish Empire. During the Spanish colonial period, El Salvador was governed from the Viceroyalty of New Spain in Mexico City while Uruguay was then part of the Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata and administered from Buenos Aires. In 1828, Uruguay obtained its independence after the Cisplatine War. In 1841, El Salvador obtained its independence after the dissolution of the Federal Republic of Central America. In January 1929, both nations established diplomatic relations.
Bilateral relations between both nations have taken place primarily in multilateral forums. In 2006, Salvadoran President Antonio Saca traveled to Uruguay to attend the 16th Ibero-American Summit in Montevideo. In 2008, Uruguayan President Tabaré Vázquez traveled to El Salvador to attend the 18th Ibero-American Summit in San Salvador. In December 2012, Salvadoran Vice President, Salvador Sánchez Cerén, paid a visit to Uruguay and met with President José Mujica.

## Bilateral agreements

Both nations have signed several agreements such as an Agreement for Technical Cooperation (1986); Memorandum of Understanding to regulate cooperation relations (1999); Agreement for Technical Cooperation on the Environment and Climate Change (2013); Agreement for Educational and Cultural Cooperation (2013); Agreement for Political Cooperation (2013); Agreement on Economic and Commercial Cooperation (2013); Agreement on Touristic Cooperation (2013); Agreement for Technical and Scientific Cooperation (2013) and an Agreement of Cooperation on the matters of Peace Operations (2013).

## Resident diplomatic missions

* El Salvador has an embassy in Montevideo.
* Uruguay has an embassy in San Salvador.
# Kouk Khmum

Kouk Khmum (Khmer: ឃុំគោកឃ្មុំ) is a khum (commune) of Thma Koul District in Battambang Province in north-western Cambodia.

## Villages

Kouk Khmum contains eight villages.
| Name | Khmer | Village code |
| Kien Kaes Muoy | កៀនកែស ១ | 2020801 |
| Kien Kaes Pir | កៀនកែស ២ | 2020802 |
| Ta Meakh | តាមាឃ | 2020803 |
| Chranieng | ច្រនៀង | 2020804 |
| Kouk Khmum | គោកឃ្មុំ | 2020805 |
| Kandal Tboung | កណ្តាលត្បូង | 2020806 |
| Kandal Cheung | កណ្តាលជើង | 2020807 |
| Chhkae Koun | ឆ្កែកូន | 2020808 |
# Ormosia hosiei

Ormosia hosiei is a species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae.

## Attributes

It is a large tree, up to 20–30 metres (66–98 ft) tall. It is only found in eastern and central China (in Anhui, Fujian, Gansu, Guizhou, Hubei, SE Jiangsu, Jiangxi, S Shaanxi, Sichuan, and Zhejiang provinces). It is becoming rare due to habitat loss and over-harvesting. The natural habitat of this species is in low-elevation broadleaved forest. It is under second-class national protection.

## Naming

This plant is named after Alexander Hosie, the British consul-general to China who amassed large botanical collections in China and subsequently sent to Kew Gardens, London.
# Michael Waldman (palaeontologist)

Michael Waldman is a British palaeontologist known for his work on fossil fish, mammals, and reptiles. He also discovered the globally important fossil site of Cladach a'Ghlinne, near Elgol on the Isle of Skye, Scotland. This site exposes the Kilmaluag Formation and provides a valuable record of Middle Jurassic ecosystems. During the 1970s he visited the site several times with fellow palaeontologist Robert Savage. The fossil turtle Eileanchelys waldmani was named after Michael in recognition of his notable contribution to palaeontology.

## Academic career

Michael gained his PhD at Monash University in 1968. He worked as a research assistant at University of Bristol in the early 1970s working alongside Robert Savage. He went on to teach at Stowe School, Buckinghamshire, England, UK.
Michael named several fossil taxa during his research career. These include the fish Wadeichthys oxyops, the theropod dinosaur Duriavenator hesperis, the mammaliaform Borealestes, and the tritylodontid, Stereognathus hebridicus (although S. hebridicus is now thought to be a junior synonym to S. ooliticus).
Michael also contributed to the anatomical understanding of the lepidosauromorph Marmoretta.

## Publications

* Waldman, M., 1968. Fish from the freshwater Lower Cretaceous, near Koonwarra, Victoria, Australia: with comments on the palaeo-environment (Doctoral dissertation, Monash University).
* Waldman, M., 1970. Comments on a Cretaceous coprolite from Alberta, Canada. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 7(3), pp. 1008-1012.
* Waldman, M. 1971. Fish from the freshwater Lower Cretaceous of Victoria, Australia with comments on the palaeo-environment. Special Papers in Palaeontology 9: 1–62.
* Waldman, M. and Savage, R.J.G., 1972. The first Jurassic mammal from Scotland. Journal of the Geological Society, 128(2), 119-125.
* Waldman, M. 1974. Megalosaurids from the Bajocian (Middle Jurassic) of Dorset. Palaeontology, 17(2), 325–339.
* Waldman, M. and Evans, S.E., 1994. Lepidosauromorph reptiles from the Middle Jurassic of Skye. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 112(1-2), 135-150.
* Evans, S.E. and Waldman, M., 1996. Small reptiles and amphibians from the Middle Jurassic of Skye, Scotland. Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin, 60, 219-226.
# Fritz Knöchlein

Fritz Knöchlein (27 May 1911 – 21 January 1949) was a Nazi SS commander during WWII. He was tried, convicted and executed in 1949 for committing war crimes during World War II, specifically his responsibility for the Le Paradis massacre which took place on his 29th birthday.

## Le Paradis Massacre

It was in his capacity as an SS company commander that he gained notoriety, being responsible for the 27 May 1940 massacre of British prisoners-of-war at Le Paradis in the Pas-de-Calais. Ninety-nine members of the 2nd Battalion of the Royal Norfolk Regiment, who had surrendered to his unit in a cattle shed, were stood in front of the barn wall, and Knöchlein ordered two machine-guns turned on them, followed by bayoneting and shooting any apparent survivors. Two of the prisoners, privates Albert Pooley and William O'Callaghan, managed to escape the massacre, but the remaining 97 were hastily buried along the barn wall. According to the historians Williamson Murray and Allan Millet: "The company commander, Hauptsturmführer (Captain) Fritz Knochlein, lined the prisoners up against a barn wall and machinegunned the lot. Any survivors were bayoneted and shot. German military authorities brought no charges against Knochlein."
In 1942, the bodies were exhumed by the French authorities and reburied in a local cemetery, which eventually became the Le Paradis War Cemetery. Albert Pooley, who was subsequently taken prisoner along with O'Callaghan, made it a personal mission to hunt down Knöchlein and have him charged for war crimes. His story was confirmed when O'Callaghan was freed in 1945.

## Trial and execution

In August 1948, Knöchlein was formally charged with committing a war crime, to which he pleaded not guilty.
   The accused Fritz Knöchlein, a German national, in the charge of the Hamburg Garrison Unit, pursuant to Regulation 4 of the Regulations for the Trial of War Criminals, is charged with committing a war crime in that he in the vicinity of Paradis, Pas-de-Calais, France, on or about 27 May 1940, in violation of the laws and usages of war, was concerned in the killing of about ninety prisoners-of-war, members of The Royal Norfolk Regiment and other British Units.
His trial began on Monday 11 October 1948 in Rotherbaum, and both Albert Pooley and William O'Callaghan were called to testify against him. Knöchlein's defence attorney claimed that Knöchlein had not been present on the day of the battle, and that the British forces had used illegal dum-dum bullets during the battle.
Upon being found guilty, Knöchlein asked for leniency, saying he had a wife and four children, who depended on him. He was sentenced to death, and hanged at Hamelin Prison on 21 January 1949 by executioner Albert Pierrepoint and his assistant.

## Awards

* German Cross in Gold on 15 November 1942
* Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross on 16 November 1944
# Karl Mauch

Karl Gottlieb Mauch (7 May 1837 – 4 April 1875) was a German explorer and geographer of Africa. He reported on the archaeological ruins of Great Zimbabwe in 1871 during his search for the biblical land of Ophir.

## Exploration and Great Zimbabwe

In 1871, Mauch arrived at the stone ruins now known as Great Zimbabwe, five years after discovering the first gold mines in the Transvaal. Mauch believed that the ruins were the remnants of the lost biblical city of Ophir, described as the origin of the gold given by the Queen of Sheba to King Solomon. He did not believe that the structures could have been built by a previous local population similar to those which inhabited the area at the time of his excavation. Further research on the site, including one of the first archaeological uses of aviation, resulted in the conclusion that the structures had indeed been of African origin.
The Great Zimbabwe site is now considered to have been built by ancestors of the Shona people between the 11th and the 15th centuries CE.
Mauch died as a result of a fall from the third floor window of a hotel in which he was living. It is uncertain whether the death was accidental or self-inflicted.

## In media and popular culture

"The Real King Solomon's Mines" was the fifth episode of World Media Rights' docudrama series Raiders of the Lost Past, and emphasized the life of Mauch and his quest to discover the fabled mines. The episode was first transmitted in the UK via the Yesterday channel on 23 November 2012, was directed by Gerry Pomeroy, narrated by Jonny Phillips and featured Ross Owen Williams as Karl Mauch. During the week of its first transmission, the Sunday Times Culture Magazine recommended the episode as a selection of the week. In North America, the episode was included as part of the television history series Myth Hunters.
# Sfax RS

Sfax Railway Sport (Arabic: نادي سكك الحديد الصفاقسي, often referred to as Railway or ٍُSRS) is a Tunisian football club from the city Sfax founded in 1920.
The club have been champions three times and were in the top division for 33 seasons. However, but 1994–95 was their last season in the top flight and today they play in Ligue Professionnelle 2

## Stadium

* ¹ Picture of the Stadium of SRS Ameur Gargouri.

## Honours

* Tunisian Ligue Professionnelle 1
** Winners (3): 1933–34, 1952–53, 1967–68
* Tunisian Ligue Professionnelle 2
** Winners (2): 1993–94, 1962–63 (south group)

### Youth

* U21 Championship
** Winners (2): 1967, 1989
* U21 Cup
** Winners (1): 1989
* U18 Championship
** Winners (1): 1986
* U18 Cup
** Winners (2): 1985, 1988
* This article about a Tunisian football club is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Electronic Products

Electronic Products, also known as Electronic Products Magazine, is an electronic component and technology trade magazine serving the electronic design community. The magazine was launched in 1957 based in Garden City, New York.

## History and profile

Electronic Products was founded in 1957. The magazine was owned and published by Hearst Business Media until February 2015 when Arrow Electronics acquired the magazine and publishes it under AspenCore Media.
Electronic Products's editorial sections provide information on new products from the smallest capacitor to the brightest light-emitting diode (LED). In addition, featured articles range from selecting the best components to fill an application need to the latest in developing electronic technologies. The editorial content is rounded out with application-specific product sections and transcripts of discussion roundtables on subjects from military to medical electronics.
Since 1977, Electronic Products has offered the Product of the Year Awards.
# Leeds West Academy

Leeds West Academy is a secondary school with academy status in Rodley, Leeds, West Yorkshire, England.

## History

Leeds West Academy was founded in September 2009, and replaced Intake High School which was on the same site and had the same head teacher. The academy moved into new buildings on the site in September 2011. In 2019, the school formally closed its Sixth Form provision.

## Links with other schools

The school has a partnership with Leeds East Academy and Leeds City Academy. The schools were previously sponsored by E-ACT, however in 2014 the schools joined the White Rose Academies Trust with Leeds City College as their sponsor. Leeds West Academy specialises in performing arts (following Intake High School's specialism in this area) and English.

## Academic results

Its 2012 Ofsted report graded Leeds West Academy as "good"; however it found behaviour and safety of pupils only to be "adequate".
Its 2019 Ofsted report graded Leeds West Academy as "good", with " outstanding features".

## Appointment of new Executive Principal & CEO

In May 2016 Andrew Whitaker was appointed as the new Executive Principal of White Rose Academies, replacing the previous Executive Principal/CEO, Annette Hall, with effect from September 2016. Andrew Whitaker was formerly headteacher at Todmorden High School and steered the school from an Ofsted rating of ‘requires improvement’ (2013) to ‘good with outstanding features’ (2015).
In July 2020 Andrew Whitaker was appointed CEO of White Rose Academies, leaving Christian Wilcocks as Executive Principal of the White Rose Academies Trust. Christian Wilcocks was formerly the Principal of Leeds West Academy, changing its Ofsted ratings from ‘requires improvement’ in late 2017, to "good", with "outstanding features"
As of July 2020, former vice principal, Dan Whieldon has replaced Christian Wilcocks as Principal for Leeds West Academy.

## Academy popularity and extension

Leeds West Academy has grown in popularity in recent years and the demand for places has led to an increase in pupil admission numbers and a new £5 million extension to the site which is due for completion in summer 2022.

## Notable former pupils

* Mel B, singer
* Andrew-Lee Potts, actor
* Chris Fountain, actor
* Carolynne Poole, singer
* Angela Griffin, actress
* Tommy Taylor, Professional Wrestler
* Jack P. Shepherd, actor
* Natalie Anderson, actress
* Jake Thackray, former teacher. English singer, songwriter and journalist
* Billy George, gymnast
* Laura Carter, actress and Big Brother 2016 contestant
* Darshan Singh Bhuller, choreographer, director, and filmmaker
* Vinette Robinson, actor (Sherlock, Doctor Who) (attended Intake High School)