OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Ebrahim Mamdani

Ebrahim (Abe) H. Mamdani (1 June 1942 – 22 January 2010) was a mathematician, computer scientist, electrical engineer and artificial intelligence researcher. He worked at the Imperial College London.

## Life

Abe Mamdani was born in Tanzania in June 1942. He was educated in India and in 1966 he went to the UK.
He obtained his PhD at Queen Mary College, University of London. After that he joined its Electrical Engineering Department
In 1975 he introduced a new method of fuzzy inference systems, which was called 'Mamdani-Type Fuzzy Inference'. Mamdani-Type Fuzzy Inference have elements like human instincts, working under the rules of linguistics, and has a fuzzy algorithm that provides an approximation to enter mathematical analysis.
In July 1995, he moved from Queen Mary College to Imperial College London.

## Awards and honors

Abe Mamdani was an Emeritus Professor at Imperial College London. He received the "European Fuzzy Pioneer Award" from the European Society for Fuzzy Logic and Technology (EUSFLAT) in 1999, and the "Fuzzy Systems Pioneer Award" from the IEEE Computational Intelligence Society in 2003. He was also a Fellow of the IEEE, the International Fuzzy Systems Association, and of the Royal Academy of Engineering and the IEE in the UK.
# Cleopatra bulimoides

Cleopatra bulimoides is a species of freshwater snails with an operculum, aquatic gastropod molluscs in the family Paludomidae.
Cleopatra bulimoides is the type species of the genus Cleopatra.
The holotype was found inside a mummy of an ibis (Alexandria channel, Egypt)

## Varieties

* Cleopatra bulimoides var. richardi Germain, 1911
* Cleopatra bulimoides var. welwitschi E. von Martens, 1897
* Cleopatra bulimoides var. nsendweensis Dupuis & Putzeys, 1902: synonym of Cleopatra nsendweensis (Dupuis & Putzeys, 1902) (basionym)

## Distribution

This species occurs in:
* Egypt
* Benin
* Sudan

## Ecology

Parasites of Cleopatra bulimoides include the trematode Aspidogaster conchicola.
# Novoselov

Novoselov or Novosyolov (masculine, Russian: Новосёлов), Novoselova Novosyolova (feminine, Russian: Новосёлова) is a Russian surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Andrei Novoselov (born 1989), Russian pair skater
* Evgenii Novoselov (born 1989), Russian diver
* Konstantin Novoselov (born 1974), Russian-British physicist
* Masha Novoselova (born 1985), Russian fashion model
* Mikhail Novosyolov, Soviet-Tajik serial killer
* Vadim Novoselov (born 1987), Russian badminton player
# Student Organization of Iran

The Student Organization of Iran (Persian: سازمان دانش آموزی) is a non-governmental organization affiliated to the Ministry of Education of Iran. It provides social education.

## History

The Iranian Scout Organization was established in 1925, considering the activities in this field. After the revolution, it was dissolved in mid-1985 and the Youth and Adolescents Organization was formed. The renamed organization started its activities in 1999.
# The Vivisector

The Vivisector is the eighth published novel by Patrick White. First published in 1970, it details the lifelong creative journey of fictional artist/painter Hurtle Duffield. Named for its sometimes cruel analysis of Duffield and the major figures in his life, the book explores universal themes like the suffering of the artist, the need for truth and the meaning of existence.

## Background

The longest of White's novels, The Vivisector was written in 1968. While the novel was dedicated to painter Sidney Nolan, White denied any connection between Hurtle Duffield, the novel's central character, and Nolan or any other painter. Other literary critics have interpreted the novel as being largely autobiographical, with Australian literary critic Geordie Williamson noting that "The Vivisector is a great Australian novel. I think it's White's great autobiography to be honest."

## Plot summary

Hurtle Duffield is born into a poor Australian family. They adopt him out to the wealthy Courtneys, who are seeking a companion for their hunchbacked daughter Rhoda. The precocious Hurtle gains artistic inspiration from the world that surrounds him, his adoptive mother, Maman, and Rhoda; the prostitute Nance, who is his first real love; the wealthy heiress Olivia Davenport; his Greek mistress Hero Pavloussi and finally the child prodigy Kathy Volkov. He becomes famous and his paintings are in great demand. However, he is unimpressed by the monetary and status gain this brings and continues to live a spartan life, beholden to nobody — even the Prime Minister. In his final years he is drawn closer to his sister Rhoda, and after a stroke causes partial paralysis, is assisted by his protégé Don Lethbridge to produce a huge, final magnum opus to God — the Vivisector.

## Awards

White's biographer, David Marr, has claimed that White was being considered by a Nobel Prize committee to receive the Nobel Literature prize. However, the committee was reportedly offended by one of the central themes of the novel, which posed the question as to whether it was possible to be a human being and an artist at the same time, and decided not to award the prize to White that year. He later won the Literature prize in 1973.
White was announced, on 26 March 2010, as one of six authors shortlisted for the "Lost Man Booker Prize" of 1970, a contest delayed by 40 years because a reshuffling of the fledgling competition's rules that year disqualified nearly a year's worth of high-quality fiction from consideration.
# Boris Akbulatov

Boris Ravilyevich Akbulatov (Russian: Борис Равильевич Акбулатов, born December 5, 1949, Ladva village, Karelo-Finnish SSR) is a Russian artist and illustrator.
Since 1985 he was engaged in creating illustrations to epic Kalevala
He was awarded several times for his book illustrations. In 2003 he was awarded an honorary title of Laureate of the Republic of Karelia.
# Sheikh Ali (Hazara tribe)

The Sheikh Ali (Dari: شیخ‌علی) are a major tribe of Hazaras. Inhabiting in Afghanistan mainly in Parwan (mostly in Sheikh Ali District), Kunduz, Baghlan, and Bamyan provinces and in other parts of the country.

## History

In the late 19th century, Ishaq Khan rebelled against Afghan Amir Abdur Rahman at Mazar-e Sharif. Abdur Rahman sent a force against Ishaq Khan, passing through the Sheikh Ali territory. During their passage, the force faced many skirmishes with the local Sheikh Ali over the scarce food and fodder. Once Abdur Rahman quashed the rebellion of Ishaq, he then focused on Sheikh Ali Hazaras. The Sheikh Ali also resisted.
# Swachhand

Swachhand (Hindi: स्वछन्द) is a mountain of the Garhwal Himalayas in Uttarakhand, India. Swachhand is 6,721 metres (22,051 ft) high. Its peak is the 46th highest located entirely within the Uttrakhand. Nanda Devi is the highest mountain in this category. Swachhand lies between the Satopanth 7,075 metres (23,212 ft) NNW and Janhukut 6,805 metres (22,326 ft) SSE. It's neighbour Janhukut peaks at 3.8 km SSE. It is located 8.9 km NW of Chaukhamba I 7,138 metres (23,419 ft) and 8.9 km NW lies Bhagirathi I 6,856 metres (22,493 ft).

## Climbing history

In 1938, Professor Rudolf Schwarzgrubere, Edi Ellmauthaler, Dr Walter Frauenberger, Toni Meszner, and Leo Spannraft led a German expedition team consisting of five climbers and a medical officer to the Garhwal Himalaya. On September 23, Meszner and Spannraft reached the summit of Swachhand peak by the south ridge.
A UK team consisting of Malcolm Bass, Julian Clamp, and Simon Yearsley attempted to climb the west face of Swachand from Maiandi Bamak in October 1998 and reached up to 6,100 metres (20,013 ft).
In 2002, a Canadian team of John Miller, Conor Reynolds, and Guy Edwards approached the west face of Swachland through Maiandi Bamak. Miller and Edwards reached the summit on October 6. This was the second ascent of Swachhand.

## Glacier and rivers

Swachhand Bamak (Glacier) on the western side which later joins Gangotri Glacier. Maiandi Bamak (Glacier) on the southern side which also joins Gangotri glacier from there emerges Bhagirathi river one of the main tributaries of river Ganga. On the eastern side, the Bhagirathi Kharak Glacier merges with the Satopanth Glacier, from which the Alaknanda River emerges, one of the major tributaries of the Ganga.

## Neighboring peaks

Neighboring peaks of Swachhand:
* Janhukut 6,805 metres (22,326 ft)30°46′42″N 79°14′30″E﻿ / ﻿30.77833°N 79.24167°E﻿ / 30.77833; 79.24167
* Satopanth 7,075 metres (23,212 ft)31°50′42″N 79°12′45″E﻿ / ﻿31.84500°N 79.21250°E﻿ / 31.84500; 79.21250
* Chaukhamba I 7,138 metres (23,419 ft)30°44′59″N 79°17′28″E﻿ / ﻿30.74972°N 79.29111°E﻿ / 30.74972; 79.29111
* Bhagirathi I 6,856 metres (22,493 ft)31°51′00″N 79°08′57″E﻿ / ﻿31.85000°N 79.14917°E﻿ / 31.85000; 79.14917
* Kharchakund 6,612 metres (21,693 ft)30°46′50″N 79°07′44″E﻿ / ﻿30.78056°N 79.12889°E﻿ / 30.78056; 79.12889

## Peak data

Below are the details for the peak.
* Peak name: Swachhand
* Summit latitude: 30.80944
* Summit longitude: 79.22417
* Altitude in meters: 6721
# Villa Lanna

Villa Lanna (Czech: Lannova vila) is a Neo-Renaissance landmark building located in a residential quarter of Bubeneč in Prague 6, Czech Republic. It is a property of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic and is used for representative purposes such as scientific symposia, jubilee festivals and also as a hotel.

## Situation

The villa is situated in a large garden in the Bubeneč district of west part of Prague. Its grounds are along the former main road used to reach Stromovka Park.

## History

Villa Lanna was projected in 1868 and built until 1872 by Czech industrial entrepreneur and world-famous art collector Adalbert (Vojtěch) Lanna Junior (1836-1909) to be a summer residence for his family. It was designed probably by Vojtěch Ignác Ullmann in an early Neo-Renaissance style inspired by Italian Palladian models of villa suburbana, designed at the same period by Gottfried Semper in Dresden. It belonges to the best examples of such villas in the Middle Europe.
Villa is decorated with frescoes painted by Viktor Barvitius and based on drawings of Josef Mánes. Viktor Barvitius is also the author of most of fresco decorations of the interior. In decoration took part also the Viennese painter Hans Makart. Four main salons were named after themes of Greek and Roman mythology, depicted on frescoes. They are: Salon of Apollon, Venus, Bacchus and Traunsee salon.

## Actual building arrangement

The ground floor is composed of a foyer with a reception desk and two social halls with rich murals. The smaller social hall, originally the billiard room, with the seating capacity of 18 is optimal for holding ceremonial lunches or dinners. The larger hall, with the option of an outdoor terrace, is suitable for holding seminars, conferences, banquets, weddings and family celebrations.
The first floor consists of a lounge with a terrace offering a view of the garden. A recently reconstructed tower with upper terrace gives a view not only of the surroundings of Villa Lanna, but also of the Prague Zoo or the Troya castle with its contiguous vineyards.

## Accommodation

Guests can choose from various options of accommodation. There are 7 rooms on the 1st floor of Villa Lanna; bathrooms are shared by two rooms. In the year of 2000, the accommodation capacity was extended by 17 rooms with the addition of two separate buildings on the grounds. These rooms have private bathrooms. A barrier-free room is also available. All rooms are equipped with a satellite TV, a refrigerator, a telephone and a wi-fi or cable connection.
# Wilson effect (astronomy)

In astronomy, the Wilson effect is the perceived depression of a sunspot's umbra, or center, in the Sun's photosphere. The magnitude of the depression for the umbra is between 500 and 1000 km, with an average of 600 km.
Sunspots result from the blockage of convective heat transport by intense magnetic fields. Sunspots are cooler than the rest of the photosphere, with effective temperatures of about 4,000°C (about 7,000°F). Sunspot occurrence follows an approximately 11-year period known as the solar cycle, discovered by Heinrich Schwabe in the 19th century.

## History

In 1769, during solar cycle 2, Scottish astronomer Alexander Wilson, working at the Macfarlane Observatory, noticed that the shape of sunspots noticeably flattened as they approached the Sun's limb due to solar rotation. These observations were published in 1774 and showed that sunspots were features on the solar surface, as opposed to minor planets or objects above it. Moreover, he observed what is now termed the Wilson effect: the penumbra and umbra vary in the manner expected by perspective effects if the umbrae of the spots are in fact slight depressions in the surface of the photosphere.

## Alternate interpretations

While the surface-depression interpretation of the Wilson effect is widespread, Bray and Loughhead contended that "the true explanation of the Wilson effect lies in the higher transparency of the spot material compared to the photosphere".$^{:93–99}$ A similar interpretation was expressed by C.H. Tong.
# Reverso (language tools)

Reverso is a French company specialized in AI-based language tools, translation aids, and language services. These include online translation based on neural machine translation (NMT), contextual dictionaries, online bilingual concordances, grammar and spell checking and conjugation tools.

## History

Reverso has been active since 1998, with the aim of providing online translation and linguistic tools to corporate and mass markets.
In 2013 it released Reverso Context, a bilingual dictionary tool based on big data and machine learning algorithms.
In 2016 Reverso acquired Fleex, a service for learning English via subtitled movies. Based on content from Netflix, Fleex has expanded to also include video content from YouTube, TED Talks, and custom video files.
In 2018 it released a new mobile app, which combines translations and learning activities.
In February 2018 it was reported that some translations on the Reverso translation web site returned antisemitic results, such as "Much nicer" returning "Dachau was much nicer than Auschwitz". These results prompted the International League against Racism and Anti-Semitism to threaten Reverso with legal action. Reverso answered on Twitter that the controversial content would be removed.

## Services

Reverso's suite of online linguistic services has over 96 million users, and comprises various types of language web apps and tools for translation and language learning. Its tools support many languages, including Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Hebrew, Spanish, Italian, Turkish, Ukrainian and Russian.
Since its founding Reverso has provided machine translation tools for automated translation of texts in various languages, including neural machine translation.
Reverso Context is an online and mobile application combining big data from large multilingual corpora to allow users to search for translations in context. These texts are sourced mainly from films, books, and governmental documents, allowing users to see idiomatic usages of translations as well as synonyms and voice output. The Reverso Context app also provides language-learning features such as flashcards based on words in example sentences. Reverso has also released browser extensions for Chrome and Firefox to incorporate features of Reverso Context into web browsing.
Reverso's website also provides collaborative bilingual dictionaries between various pairs of languages, which use crowd sourcing to allow users to submit new entries and provide feedback. It also has tools for conjugation of verbs in various languages, spell checking tools, and written multilingual grammar guides for language learners.
Reverso Documents service translates documents and websites while preserving their layout.
# Zemun (film)

Zemun (Russian: Земун) is a Russian mystical neo-Western film directed by Eduard Zholnin. This film was theatrically released on November 10, 2022.

## Plot

Yegor's father has been mysteriously murdered, causing Yegor to travel to the village where he was born to try to talk his brother into selling his father's inheritance as soon as possible. But, having arrived in the village, Yegor begins to understand that he, his brother and the inheritance are in great danger.

## Cast

* Yevgeny Tkachuk as Yegor
* Ivan Rashetnyak as Pashka
* Oleg Yagodin as Gleb
* Ekaterina Shumakova
* Andrey Ilyin
* Vyacheslav Garder as Vlas
* Anatoliy Dubanov
* Nikita Kostyukevich
# Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages

The Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW, aka ES-202) is a program of the Bureau of Labor Statistics in the US Department of Labor that produces a comprehensive tabulation of employment and wage information for workers covered by state unemployment insurance (UI) laws, as reported to state workforce agencies (SWAs) and the Unemployment Compensation for Federal Employees (UCFE) program for covered federal workers. ES-202 is the old name and stood for Employment Security Report 202.
Unemployment Insurance tax reports provide the data for federal QCEW data, which is considered a statistical universe file of the employment data collected for the nation, but gig workers (e.g. in the platform economy) are typically classified as independent contractors and therefore not included in those or other federal data.
# Electoral Calculus

Electoral Calculus is a political consultancy and pollster, known for its political forecasting website that attempts to predict future United Kingdom general election results. It uses MRP (Multi-level Regression and Post-stratification) to combine national factors and local demographics.

## Main features

Electoral Calculus was founded and is run by Martin Baxter, who was a financial analyst specialising in mathematical modelling. The Electoral Calculus website includes election data, predictions and analysis. It has separate sections for elections in Scotland and in Northern Ireland.

## Methodology

The election predictions are based around the employment of scientific techniques on data about the United Kingdom's electoral geography. Up to 2017, it used a modified uniform national swing, and it took account of national polls and trends but excluded local issues.
Since 2019, they have used MRP (Multi-Level Regression and Post-Stratification) methods to make their election predictions. Their model uses demographic, past voting behaviour and geographic data to estimate predicted vote shares on a seat-by-seat basis. The models are explained in detail on the web site.

## Predictions

Across the 12 general elections from 1992 to 2024, the site correctly predicted the party to win the most seats in all but one (1992). They also correctly predicted the outcome, that is, the party winning a majority or a hung parliament, in six elections (majorities in 1997, 2001, 2005, 2015, 2017 (by a majority of only 3), 2019, 2024; hung parliament for 2010).

## Reception

In 2004, the site was listed by The Guardian as one of the "100 most useful websites", being "the best" for predictions. With reference to the 2010 United Kingdom general election, it was cited by journalists Andrew Rawnsley and Michael White of The Guardian. John Rentoul of The Independent referred to the site after the election.
# Marijampolė Free Economic Zone

Marijampolė Free Economic Zone or Baltic FEZ (Lithuanian: Marijampolės laisvoji ekonominė zona) is a special economic zone located in Marijampolė, Lithuania. It has 77.73 ha area, which was established in 2011 December 23 near European route E67 and Rail Baltica. The zone was established for 49 years, specialize in four industries: Science, Forestry, Metalworking and Food processing, and is oriented to the investors from Scandinavian countries.

## Infrastructure

Marijampolė FEZ has 15 industrial type plots from which some are dedicated for medium-level pollution businesses. Using European Regional Development Funds every plot was developed with essential infrastructure: electricity, water, drainage, C and D class roads, lighting and gas pipelines as needed. There is also a planned connection to Rail Baltica.

## Companies

In 2018 Danish manufacturer Dovista plans to invest over €100 million over the next ten years to open new manufacturing line in Baltic FEZ. In 2018 May there was 20 ha of unoccupied industrial plots left. It is planned to expand FEZ territory as by Marijampolė region development strategy and international investors suggestions.
# Dashiin Byambasüren

Dashiin Byambasüren (Mongolian: Дашийн Бямбасүрэн; born 20 June 1942 in Binder, Khentii) is a Mongolian politician who was Prime Minister of Mongolia from 11 September 1990 to 21 July 1992, the first one to be appointed by a democratically elected parliament, as a member of the Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party. He comes from a Buryat background. He is married with six children.

## Political career

An economist, Byambasüren served as the chief of the State Statistical Office and the Institute of Management, although his influence initially waned after the fall of his mentor Jambyn Batmönkh. By 1989 he had risen to the position of deputy head of the Council of Ministers and after the 1990 elections (which were largely democratic) he was chosen as the final Prime Minister of the Mongolian People's Republic. His ministry was noted as reforming but also as something of a technocracy, featuring a number of former communists who had altered their positions to suit the new mood of the country. However he also developed a reputation for diplomacy, visiting Germany, Belgium and France, as well as Moscow and a first visit by a Mongolian leader to China for over thirty years, during the course of his Premiership. He was succeeded in 1992 by Puntsagiin Jasrai. Byambasüren sought to improve Mongolia's external relations and worked particularly closely with Japan, which, along with the World Bank, pledged $320 million to Mongolia under his premiership.
He left the Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party in October 1992, criticizing its continuing hegemony in the country and its close links to communist parties elsewhere. He went on to form his own pro-democracy group, the Mongolian Democratic Renaissance Party (Mongolyn Ardqilsan Särgään Mandalyn Nam), in 1994.

## Other activities

Later Byambasüren was at the forefront of campaigns to stop archaeologists from digging for the remains of Genghis Khan. Byambasüren attacked both the desecration of sacred ground that the digging caused and the private funding of the initiatives. He has also served as a Professor at the Mongolian Academy of Management and Khan Uul University and President of the Mongolian Development Foundation and participated in the Earth Summit 2002.
# HMS Speedy (P296)

HMS Speedy (P296) was a Boeing Jetfoil, latterly a mine countermeasure vessel, of the Royal Navy, based on the civilian Boeing 929 design. She was procured in 1979, as the first of a planned class of twelve, to provide the Royal Navy with practical experience in the operation of a hydrofoil, to ascertain technical and performance characteristics, and to oversee the capability of such a craft in the Fishery Protection Squadron and North Sea Squadron. She was assigned to these squadrons in September 1981. In 1982, she was used in minesweeping and minelaying trials at Portsmouth, but these were unsuccessful and she was sold into mercantile service in 1986. The ship served as a high speed ferry between Hong Kong and Macau, under the name Lilau and operated by Far East Hydrofoil (now TurboJET) since then. The ship was idle since 2019 and scrapped in 2021 due to old age and loss of passenger demand, caused by the opening of Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macau Bridge.
# Café Carmellini

Café Carmellini is a restaurant in New York City. It is located in The Fifth Avenue Hotel.