OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Hard Call

Hard Call: Great Decisions and the Extraordinary People Who Made Them is a book written by United States Senator John McCain with Mark Salter. Its theme is decision-making based on personal principles. The hardcover edition was released August 14, 2007, and the paperback edition was subsequently released on February 29, 2008.
McCain outlines a six-part structure for "hard calls," with several detailed anecdotes illustrating each of the six parts:
* Awareness: Jackie Robinson "intruding" into all-white baseball; and Wernher von Braun, the rocket scientist.
* Foresight: Winston Churchill; Alexander Graham Bell; and Ronald Reagan when standing up to the Soviet Union.
* Timing: Boeing's production of the commercial jet aircraft; Gillette's invention of the disposable razor; and Anwar Sadat and Menachem Begin meeting for the peace process.
* Confidence: Civil War General George B. McClellan; Gertrude Ederle, the first woman to swim the English Channel; and the Apollo 11 astronauts.
* Humility: The founding of Liberia; Harry Truman; and Gerald Ford's pardoning of Richard Nixon.
* Inspiration: The white commander of America's first black regiment; Alexander Solzhenitsyn; and Abraham Lincoln.
# Diogenes of Judea

Diogenes was a soldier in the service of the Hasmonean king Alexander Jannaeus (103-76 BCE). He appears in Josephus's work Antiquities of the Jews. In revenge for the support of certain Pharisees for Demetrius III of Syria's invasion of Judea, Diogenes advised Alexander to crucify 800 Pharisee scholars and murder their families before their eyes. Graetz and others, using 5 Maccabees as their source, identified Diogenes as a Sadducee.
Following Alexander's death, his widow and successor Salome Alexandra, probably at the urging of her brother Simeon ben Shetach, had Diogenes put to death.
Diogenes may be the Greek name adopted by the Sadducee Elazar Ben Po’ira, who the Talmud (Kiddushin 66a) relates turned Alexander’s heart against the Pharisees.
# Chamouilley

Chamouilley (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Haute-Marne department in north-eastern France.
# Donald Higgins

Donald Higgins (1943–1989) was a Canadian academic specialising in Canadian local and urban politics. He was a professor at Saint Mary's University from 1973 until his death in 1989. He co-founded the Gorsebrook Research Institute. His 1977 book Urban Canada, Its Government and Politics has been described as "a breakthrough for its appreciation of the politics of decision-making at city hall".

## Life

He lived in Halifax, Nova Scotia.
# Trusted Data Format

The Trusted Data Format (TDF) is a data object encoding specification for the purposes of enabling data tagging and cryptographic security features. These features include assertion of data properties or tags, cryptographic binding and data encryption. The TDF is freely available with no restrictions and requires no use of proprietary or patented technology and is thus open for anyone to use.

## Overview

The TDF Specification is based on a Trusted Data Object (TDO) which can be grouped together into a Trusted Data Collection (TDC). Each TDO consists of a data payload which can be associated with an unlimited number of metadata objects. The TDO supports the cryptographic binding of the metadata objects to the payload data object. In addition, both data and metadata objects can be associated with a block of encryption information which is used by any TDF consumer to decrypt the associated data or metadata if it had been encrypted. A TDC allows for additional metadata objects to apply to a set of TDOs.

## Implementations

The United States Intelligence Community maintains the IC-TDF, which includes government-specific tagging requirements on top of the core TDF capabilities mentioned above, in an XML Data Encoding Specification.
The United States Department of Defense uses TDF to implement the Department of Defense Discovery Metadata Specification (DDMS).
# Kuyavian Borowiaks

Kuyavian Borowiaks is an ethnic subgroup of Kuyavians, who themselves are an ethnographic group of Polish people. They originate from the forest area of southern Kuyavia, located between the towns of Brdów, Przedecz, and Sompolno, within the counties of Koło and Konin, within the Greater Poland Voivodeship, Poland. They speak the Kuyavian subdialect of the Greater Poland dialect of Polish language. The group itself has inflected by nearby groups of Kashubians and Greater Poland people.
# Gustavo Adolfo Espina Salguero

Gustavo Adolfo Espina Salguero (26 November 1946 – 23 October 2024) was a Guatemalan politician who served as vice president from 1991 to 1993 under President Jorge Serrano and Later Acting President for 4 days During the 1993 Guatemalan constitutional crisis.

## Life and career

Espina Salguero was born in Horcones, Jutiapa, Guatemala, on 26 November 1946.
Serrano attempted a self-coup on 25 May 1993, but was forced to flee into exile on 1 June. Espina proclaimed himself interim president but was never recognized. He spent the following years in exile and, in 1997, returned voluntarily to stand trial for his involvement in the coup. He was convicted of violating the constitution, but his sentence was commuted to a small fine.
Espina Salguero died on 23 October 2024, at the age of 77.
# Abdyrova

Abdyrova (Russian: Абдырова) is a rural locality (a village) in Derbishevskoye Rural Settlement of Argayashsky District, Chelyabinsk Oblast, Russia. The population was 245 as of 2010. There are 15 streets.

## Geography

Abdyrova is located on the bank of Maly Kisegach Lake, 18 km southeast of Argayash (the district's administrative centre) by road. Ishalino is the nearest rural locality.

## Ethnicity

The village is inhabited by Bashkirs and others.
# Hala Alyan

Hala Alyan (born July 27, 1986) is a Palestinian-American writer, poet, and clinical psychologist who specializes in trauma, addiction, and cross-cultural behavior. Her writing covers aspects of identity and the effects of displacement, particularly within the Palestinian diaspora. She is also known for acting in the short films I Say Dust and Tallahassee (directed by Darine Hotait).

## Biography

Hala Alyan was born in Carbondale, Illinois, on July 27, 1986. Her family lived in Kuwait after her birth but sought political asylum in the United States when Iraqi forces invaded the country.
She received her doctorate in clinical psychology at Rutgers University and is a Clinical Assistant Professor of Applied Psychology at New York University. She and her husband live in Brooklyn, New York.

## Awards and works

Alyan's poems have been published in various journals and literary magazines including The New Yorker, the Academy of American Poets, Guernica, Jewish Currents among others.
In her first novel, Salt Houses, the Yacoub family is forced to leave their home in Nablus, Palestine in the wake of the Six-Day War of 1967. They move to Kuwait City and reluctantly try and rebuild their life. But when Sadam Hussein invades Kuwait in 1990, the family again lose their home, their land and their story, scattering to Beirut, Paris, Boston and beyond.
In 2013, Alyan's poetry collection, Atrium, received an award from the Arab American National Museum. In 2018, she won the Dayton Literary Peace Prize, an award given to writers whose writing is believed to promote peace. She was also a visiting fellow at the American Library in Paris in the fall of 2018.
Her second novel, The Arsonists' City, was published by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt on March 9, 2021 to critical acclaim. The novel is about the Nasr family, which reunites in Beirut to discuss the family patriarch's will, revealing family secrets and the impact of war and violence on the family.
# Gersenji Khongtaiji of the Jalayir

Gersenji (1513-1549) (Mongolian: Гэрсэнз жалайр хунтайж) (also known as Gersenji Jalair Khongtaiji) - alternately Geressandsa (Geressandsa Jelair Khuntaidshi) - was the 11th and youngest son of Dayan Khan and the second son with Jimsgene khatun. Having appointed over the Jalayir tribe as their ruler, Gersenji was named by his father as chief of the Khalkha Mongol tümen in northern Mongolia, which he ruled from the 1510s until his death in 1549.

## Biography

Before his death, Dayan Khan bestowed the six tümens of eastern Mongolia to his eleven sons. His youngest son Gersenji Jalair Khongtaiji received the Khalkha tümen of northern Mongolia, the largest and strongest of the six tümens and the heartland and birthplace of the Mongol empire, while his brothers received tümens in southern Mongolia. In the middle of the sixteenth century, each of Gersenji's seven sons received as his inheritance a specific part of Khalkha Mongolia. They went on to form the houses of Tüsheet Khan, Zasagt Khan and Sechen Khan.

## Family

* Father: Dayan khan
* Mother: Jimsgene khatun
* Wife: Khatungghai of Uriankhan Möngküi khatun of Uriankhan
* Son:
* Ashikha darkhan khongtaiji (Descents from lords of the house of Zasagt khan aimag)
* Noyantai khatunbaatar
* Onokhui üizen noyan (Descents from lords of the house of Tüsheet Khan, forming the house of Sain Noyon Khan)
* Amindural noyan (Descents from lords of the house of Setsen Khan aimag)
* Dari taiji
* Daldan khundulen noyan
* Samu Buima noyan
# Renaissance Coliseum

Renaissance Coliseum is a multi-purpose athletic facility at Bradley University in Peoria, Illinois. Renaissance Coliseum houses athletic offices, practice, training/conditioning facilities, the athletics hall of fame and other features. Adjacent to the arena is the men's basketball practice facility. In addition to hosting Bradley Athletics events, the facility hosts concerts, speakers, commencement, IHSA competitions, and other events local to Central Illinois.

## History

Renaissance Coliseum was originally intended to be completed in 2009, but construction delays pushed back the opening to the 2010–11 academic year.
After the demolition of Robertson Memorial Field House, the 4,200-seat arena was needed to host sports that don't require the larger Carver Arena. Because of the delays, the Bradley teams moved to Lorene Ramsey Gymnasium at nearby Illinois Central College for the 2009–2010 season.
Two cul de sacs (Haussler Lane and Robertson Court) flank each side of Renaissance Coliseum, paying tribute to two prominent campus names. A.J. Robertson was athletics director at Bradley from 1920 to 1948.
The Coliseum opened on August 27, 2010. The official dedication took place on October 15, 2010.

## Events
### Concerts

Concerts the arena has hosted over the years include: Weezer, Jason Derulo, Mike Posner, Taking Back Sunday, Girl Talk, The Band Perry, Plain White T's, The Fray, and Macklemore & Ryan Lewis.

### Sports

In 2012, the Bradley University Men's Basketball team played its first regular season home game on campus since 1982. The team has continued to schedule at least one regular season home game at the arena since then. Bradley played two home games of the CIT postseason tournament at the Coliseum, defeating both the University of Wisconsin-Green Bay and Tulane.
# Paul Meritt

Paul John Meritt (originally Paul John Maetzker; 1843/4 – 7 July 1895) was a British dramatist and theatre manager, producing many sensational dramas.

## Life

Meritt was born in Kyiv, to British parents; his father, originally from Prague, was naturalized British, and was at one time private secretary to Sir Edward Earle Gascoyne Bulwer. After his father died in 1854, he attended school in Leeds, and was later an office clerk; from 1868 he was a clerk in London.
From the early 1870s he wrote professionally, creating sensational melodramas which were performed at the Royal Grecian Theatre in Shoreditch. In the early 1880s, Meritt and George Augustus Conquest jointly operated the Surrey Theatre, and wrote plays together.
His plays brought him success, and made money. Meritt was a member of the Savage Club and the Dramatic Authors' Society, and he was a friend of leading figures in the theatrical world. He died on 7 July 1895 at his home in Pembroke Square in Kensington, London, survived by his wife Annie, and was buried at Brompton Cemetery.

## Plays

Meritt wrote about 40 pieces, many of which were collaborations, working with George Augustus Conquest, Augustus Harris, Tom Taylor, Henry Spry or Henry Pettitt. About a quarter of his works were published (in Lacy's Acting Edition).
His most successful work was The New Babylon, produced in Manchester in 1878 and at Duke's Theatre in Holborn, London in 1879, where it ran for 361 performances. It was notable for its effects and settings, including a ship collision in mid-Atlantic, and Goodwood racecourse.
Other works included Rough and Ready, produced at the Adelphi Theatre in 1874; Stolen Kisses, produced at the Amphitheatre, Liverpool in 1876; Such is the Law, by Meritt and Tom Taylor, staged at St James's Theatre in 1878; Love or Life, by Meritt and Tom Taylor, staged at the Olympic Theatre in 1878; The Worship of Bacchus, by Meritt and Henry Pettitt, staged in 1879 at the same theatre; and A Pair o' Wings, by Meritt and Edward Righton, staged in 1879 at the Gaiety Theatre, Dublin. The World, written with Augustus Harris and first produced in 1880, was revived in London in 1894, running for 50 performances.
# Pallo-Kerho 37

Pallo-Kerho 37, also known as PK-37, is a Finnish football club from the city of Iisalmi. The club was founded on 10 October 1937 as a bandy and football club, but later on it also became known for its pesäpallo and ice hockey sections. Nowadays PK-37 concentrates only on football.
The club's men's team play at the third highest level of Finnish football, in the Kakkonen. The Club chairman is Mikko Aminoff and the team is managed by Marko 'Pessi' Pesonen. The previous coach was Atik Ismail who has now moved to Jämsänkosken Ilves.

## Background

PK-37 have played 8 seasons in the Ykkönen (First Division) or its predecessor the Suomensarja (Finland League), the second tier of Finnish football, in the periods 1964, 1971, 1986 and 1989–93.
They also have had six spells in the third tier, the Kakkonen (Second Division), covering 25 seasons from 1973 to 1979, 1983–85, 1987–88, 1994–2000, 2002–04 and 2008 to the present day.
The club has gained a good reputation for developing junior players. Young players are transferred to larger clubs in the transition to work or study in other locations.

## Club structure

PK-37 runs 2 men's teams along with 10 boys teams in a vibrant junior section.

## 2010 season

PK-37 Men's Team are competing in Group C (Lohko C) of the Kakkonen administered by the Football Association of Finland (Suomen Palloliitto) . This is the third highest tier in the Finnish football system. In 2009 the team finished in eleventh position in their Kakkonen section.
PK-37 / 2 are participating in Section B (Lohko B) of the Nelonen administered by the Itä-Suomi SPL.

## References and sources

* Official Website
* Finnish Wikipedia
* Suomen cup

## Footnotes

* ↑ "Finland – Divisional Movements 1930–2009". RSSSF. 2010. Retrieved 2010-05-14.
* ↑ "Finland – Divisional Movements 1930–2009". RSSSF. 2010. Retrieved 2010-05-14.
* This article about a Finnish football club is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
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# Jeff Paris (musician)

Jeff Paris (born Geoffrey Brillhart Leib) is an American vocalist, keyboardist and guitarist who has primarily performed in the hard rock/heavy metal genre.
Still performing under the name Geoffrey Leib, Paris began his career as a session musician in the 1970s, appearing on albums by such acts as Jay Gruska (Gruska on Gruska) and Bill Withers (Naked & Warm, 'Bout Love). His initial band was the jazz/soul/disco quartet, Pieces, who released an album in 1979, following which he had a stint with the disco band L.A.X., who released two albums in 1979 and 1980. Meanwhile, he continued writing songs and performing on sessions for other high-profile artists such as Jeffrey Osborne (self-titled debut, Stay with Me Tonight, and Don't Stop) and Leon Ware (self-titled album), the latter a famed Motown songwriter in his own right, throughout the early/mid-1980s.
Beginning in 1984, Paris/Leib branched off in a more hard rock direction as a songwriter and musician, contributing to albums that year by Lita Ford and Y&T. His credits included "Gotta Let Go" (Ford) and "Lipstick & Leather" (Y&T). He went on to work as session musician on Cinderella's 1986 debut album, playing keyboards. Around the same time, he signed with PolyGram, releasing two solo albums Race to Paradise in 1986, and Wired Up in 1987, but both failed to make commercial impact. In the 1990s, Paris released three more solo albums: Lucky This Time (1993), Smack (1997) and Freak Flag (1998) and also continued working as a session musician and songwriter.
In this session player/songwriter role, Paris worked with different bands and artists such as, in addition to the abovementioned Lita Ford and Y&T, the female rock band Vixen, Michael Sembello, XYZ, Stevie Salas, Mr. Big, and many others, primarily as keyboardist and backing vocalist. As a songwriter, he co-wrote many hits around late 1980s and early 1990s such as the song "Waiting for Love," which became a successful single for the band Alias in the early 1990s. Also, the songs "One Night Alone", "Charmed Life" and "Cryin" from Vixen's self-titled debut album were all covers of Paris songs, that had originally appeared on his Wired Up album (a fourth Paris composition, "Give It Away," which he had first featured on Race to Paradise, was also included as a bonus track on the same Vixen album). "Cryin'" became one of the Vixen album's two big hits (following up their first hit single, "Edge of a Broken Heart"). He also penned the song "Let It Out" for Y&T's Ten album and "Road To Ruin," recorded by Mr. Big, who also recorded his song "CDFF-Lucky This Time" for their album Lean Into It; two years later, Paris re-recorded the latter song for his 1993 album.

## Discography
### Studio albums

* Race to Paradise (1986)
* Wired Up (1987)
* Lucky This Time (1993)
* Smack (1997)
* Freak Flag (1998)
* Broken Chain (2011)
# Scissors kick

Scissors kick may refer to:
* Scissor kick (martial arts), a move in martial arts and wrestling
* Bicycle kick, a move in association football
* Scissor kick (finning)
* Scissors kick (swimming), a kick used in swimming strokes
# Allen Arena

Allen Arena is an indoor arena at Lipscomb University in Nashville, Tennessee. The arena was named in honor of James C. and Linda Allen, the facility's primary benefactors. James Allen is a member of the board of trustees for the university and worked for the university at one time. The arena is primarily used for basketball and volleyball athletic events and is also used for daily chapel services and occasional concerts.

## Facilities

Other than hosting athletic events and on campus convocations, the arena hosts many events such as dinners, concerts, area-wide worship services, and graduations (the university and Nashville surrounding high schools). The facility has been host to events such as the annual Minnie Pearl Cancer Foundation Concert, bringing entertainers such as former Vibe host Sinbad, Dana Carvey, and Jay Leno.
Besides being the home of Lipscomb sports teams, it served as the home of the now-defunct Nashville franchise, the Nashville Rhythm, in the revived American Basketball Association. It was also the home of the Music City Stars, an American Basketball Association team during the 2009–10 season.

## History

The Allen Arena opened on October 28, 2001, with a local worship service called "In His Hands". The Arena and adjacent parking garage was the site for the school's old McQuiddy Gym name after J.C. McQuiddy Part of the McQuiddy Gym was retained along with the adjacent Student Activities Center (SAC). Yearwood Hall, a women's dormitory, was torn down for construction of the arena.
In the first Lipscomb Bisons home game at Allen Arena, Bison Clayton Osborne made an inbounds shot from three-quarters of the court away. With no time remaining, the ball fell through the net, giving the Bisons a 78–77 victory over the North Texas Mean Green.
The arena hosted the 2008 and 2009 Atlantic Sun Conference men's basketball tournaments.
Due to the damage incurred to the Grand Ole Opry House during the May 2010 Tennessee floods and because the Ryman Auditorium was unavailable, Allen Arena hosted the June 5 and June 15, 2010 editions of the Grand Ole Opry. In October 2013, the arena held the nationally televised 44th GMA Dove Awards for the Christian music scene.

## Capacity

Arena seating capacity is between 4,000 and 5,000 depending upon the purpose for which it is being used, and is officially given as 5,028, which is the capacity in the format typically utilized.
# Counter-arch

Historically, the term counter-arch was used in architecture to describe multiple types of arches that provide opposing action:
* an inverted arch used opposite of a regular one. For example, an inverted arch in an open spandrel or in "Moseley bridges", a popular American Civil War-era design by Thomas William Moseley, where the counter-arches were intended as a low-cost alternative to diagonal bracing;
* any relieving arch;
* outer "rings" of arches overlaying the one forming the intrados, used in old English bridges since medieval times, are called "counter-arches" following the works of John Smeaton;
* an arch that is built adjacent to another arch to oppose its forces or help stabilize it. The counter-arch can be used, for example, when constructing the flying buttress,
* buttressing arches built between the opposing building facades over narrow streets of old cities;
* in fortification, an arch built on the tops of counterforts behind the bastion walls intended to limit the scope of the potential wall breaching;
* when a pier of the Old Westminster Bridge started sinking during the construction, Charles Labelye was forced to retrofit the bridge with open spandrels using the counter-arches springing off haunches of the two adjacent arches of the bridge thus relieving the pier.
* An old Ouse Bridge, York with middle arch using three rings (two "counter-arches")
* The Enneüs Heerma Bridge showing the inverted counter arch in the middle
* Drawing of a Neo-Gothic flying buttress for the late 19th-century Votive Church, Vienna
* Buttressing counter-arches in Bonifacio, Corsica
* Counter-arched wall of a bastion (the voids are usually filled)
* Old Westminster Bridge, with open spandrel
# Mehrabad Rural District (Abarkuh County)

Mehrabad Rural District (Persian: دهستان مهرآباد) is in Bahman District of Abarkuh County, Yazd province, Iran. It is administered from the city of Mehrdasht

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the rural district's population was 1,976 in 580 households. There were 2,047 inhabitants in 634 households at the following census of 2011. The 2016 census measured the population of the rural district as 2,055 in 632 households. The most populous of its 98 villages was Bedaf, with 1,111 people.
# Trina Solar

Trina Solar Co., Ltd. (Chinese: 天合光能股份有限公司) is a Chinese photovoltaics company founded in 1997.

## History

In 2018, Trina Solar launched Energy IoT brand, established the Trina Energy IoT Industrial Development Alliance together with leading companies and research institutes in China and elsewhere and founded the New Energy IoT Industrial Innovation Center.
In June 2020, Trina Solar listed on the STAR Market of Shanghai Stock Exchange.
A 2023 report by Sheffield Hallam University stated that Trina Solar had very high exposure to production in Xinjiang involving forced Uyghur labor. In August 2023, the U.S. Department of Commerce ruled that Trina Solar circumvented tariffs on Chinese-made goods.
In November 2024, Trina Solar sold its plant in Texas a week after it opened amid government scrutiny of Chinese companies that benefited from the Inflation Reduction Act.