OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Tomato juice

Tomato juice is a juice made from tomatoes, usually used as a beverage, either plain or in cocktails such as a Bloody Mary, a Caesar, or Michelada.

## History

Tomato juice was first served as a beverage in 1917 by Louis Perrin at the French Lick Springs Hotel in southern Indiana, when he ran out of orange juice and needed a quick substitute. His combination of squeezed tomatoes, sugar and his special sauce became an instant success as Chicago businessmen spread the word about the tomato juice cocktail.

## Production

Many commercial manufacturers of tomato juice also add salt. Other ingredients are also often added, such as onion powder, garlic powder, and other spices. In the United States, mass-produced tomato juice began to be marketed in the mid 1920s, and became a popular breakfast drink a few years thereafter.
In the United States, most tomato juice is made from tomato paste, but pressing is allowed as well. The tomatoes are required to be ripe (using a color standard on the finished product), mostly blemish-free, and mostly deseeded. The total solid content is more than 5.0%, with no added water allowed. Additional salt and organic acidulants, but not sweeteners, are allowed.
In Canada, tomato juice is unconcentrated and pasteurized. The other requirements are largely similar, except that additives allowed are a sweetening agent, citric acid and salt. Reconstituted juices in general are required to be labelled clearly.

## Uses

In Canada and Mexico, tomato juice is commonly mixed with beer; the concoction is known in Canada as Calgary Red-Eye, and in Mexico as Cerveza preparada. Tomato juice is the base for the cocktails Bloody Mary and Bloody Caesar, and the cocktail mixer Clamato. In the UK, tomato juice is commonly combined with Worcestershire sauce. In Germany, tomato juice is a base ingredient in the Mexikaner mixed shot.
Chilled tomato juice was formerly popular as an appetizer at restaurants in the United States.
Tomato juice is frequently used as a packing liquid for canned tomatoes, though it is sometimes replaced by tomato purée for international commerce due to tariff issues on vegetables vs. sauces. According to Cook's Illustrated magazine, tomatoes packed in juice as opposed to purée tend to win taste tests, being perceived as fresher tasting.
Tomato juice is used in the preparation of tomato juice agar, used to culture various species of Lactobacillus.
Tomato juice is a popular drink among airplane passengers. A small study by Yan and Dando hints that this is due to an increased perception of umami flavor while in the loud and pressurized environment of the cabin. An alternative explanation is that it has become tradition similar to eating popcorn at the cinema.
# Gjinaj

Gjinaj is a village and a former municipality in the Kukës County, northeastern Albania. At the 2015 local government reform it became a subdivision of the municipality Has. The population at the 2023 census was 522.
# Thomas Phemister

Thomas Crawford Phemister (25 May 1902 – 30 December 1982) was a Scottish geologist.

## Life

He was born in Glasgow, Scotland on 25 May 1902 the son of John Clark Phemister (b.1858) and his wife, Elizabeth Galbraith Crawford. He was the younger brother of James Phemister. He was educated at Allan Glen's School in Glasgow. He studied geology at Glasgow University then went to the University of Chicago where he obtained a postgraduate MSc, then in 1926 began lecturing as an associate professor at the University of British Columbia. He also studied at St John's College, Cambridge, where he received his PhD.
From 1928 to 1930 he was a Field Officer (Geologist) within the Canadian Geological Survey. In 1933 he returned to Britain as a Demonstrator in Mineralogy and Petrology at Cambridge University. In 1937 he was given the Kilgour Chair in Geology at Aberdeen University.
In 1938 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. His proposers were Thomas James Jehu, Robert Campbell, Murray Macgregor and Ernest Masson Anderson. He served as the Society's vice president from 1968 to 1971.
In the Second World War he served in the Royal Engineers.
He died on 30 December 1982.

## Family

In 1926 he married Mary Wood Reid .
# Îndrăgostit (Deși n-am Vrut)

"Îndrăgostit (Deși n-am Vrut)" (Romanian pronunciation:; (In love (against my will)) is a single by Romanian singer Smiley from the album Confesiune released on October 6, 2016. The song peaked at number five in the Romania Top 20 charts, spending thirteen weeks there.
The song won the 2016 Romanian Music Awards category for the Best Male Artist.

## Music video

The music video of the song was released alongside the song itself on October 6, 2016, and was directed and produced by Smiley alongside HaHaHa Production staff.
The video starts with an aerial shot of the University Square, Bucharest. The action switches to a suit shop from the vicinity where Smiley starts singing the very song of the video, imitating a mannequin head standing on a table together with a beautiful girl who was standing in the same position. The shopkeeper sees a taxi flashingly stopping in front of the store. The video then shows the "rest of the bodies" neck down belonging to Smiley and the girl riding inside the taxi, represented by headless mannequins. Back to the fashion shop, Smiley and the girl act like real humans, but the shopkeepers and the people on the street still treat them like objects. One careless female shopkeeper even tries to cut Smiley's long hair while talking on the phone, with the latter visibly concerned about the situation.
The video then switches to Lake Herăstrău where the "rest of the bodies" belonging to Smiley and the girl continue spending quality time together by sharing a paddle boat trip, walking on the "Lovers Street" (placed in Bucharest's Sector One) and even visiting a Chinese restaurant where they seem to somehow be able to get along with the Chinese server despite being "headless". They receive a couple of fortune cookies, with one of them saying "Dacă ești îndrăgostit, fă ce te taie capul.", which represents a Romanian saying translating "If you are in love, do what your head tells you to". The video then shows the "headless" couple attending a fair, eating ice cream and taking selfies. The video ends when the mannequins find the real heads of Smiley and the girl by walking exactly past the respective suit store.

### Song concept

When asked about the song's backstory, Smiley stated that it is widely believed that when you fall in love, you lose your head. Whether chemistry or destiny is to blame, it matters less. The important thing is to live that moment and allow ourselves, without any fear or restraint, to feel. Smiley concluded by saying that the song intentionally shares an apparently unusual story, an inspired mixture of madness, courage and emotion.

## Charts

| Chart (2016) | Peak position |
| Romanian top 20 | 5 |

## Personnel

* Smiley – vocals, production, arrangements
** Music – Smiley, Marius Pop, Alex Racovita, Vlad Popescu, Serban Cazan
** Text – Smiley, Dorian Micu, Vlad Munteanu
** Video – HaHaHa Video Production (Ionut Trandafir)

## Release history

* 2017 Romania: CD (as part of Confesiune) Cat Music 101 2838 2
* 2017 Romania: CD (as part of Confesiune) HaHaHa Production 101 2838 2
# Gmina Czarny Dunajec

Gmina Czarny Dunajec is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Nowy Targ County, Lesser Poland Voivodeship, in southern Poland, on the Slovak border. Its seat is the town of Czarny Dunajec, which lies approximately 13 kilometres (8 mi) west of Nowy Targ and 70 km (43 mi) south of the regional capital Kraków.
The gmina covers an area of 218.34 square kilometres (84.3 sq mi), and as of 2020 its total population is 22,592.

## Villages

Gmina Czarny Dunajec contains the villages and settlements of Chochołów, Ciche, Czarny Dunajec, Czerwienne, Dział, Koniówka, Odrowąż, Piekielnik, Pieniążkowice, Podczerwone, Podszkle, Ratułów, Stare Bystre, Wróblówka and Załuczne.

## Neighbouring gminas

Gmina Czarny Dunajec is bordered by the gminas of Biały Dunajec, Jabłonka, Kościelisko, Nowy Targ, Poronin, Raba Wyżna and Szaflary. It also borders Slovakia.
# Tales from the Empire

Tales from the Empire (1997) is an anthology of short stories set in the fictional Star Wars universe. The book is edited by Peter Schweighofer.
All short stories featured had previously been published in the Star Wars Adventure Journal magazine.
The centerpoint of the anthology is a short novel by Timothy Zahn and Michael A. Stackpole entitled "Side Trip". The short novel centers on two smugglers, Captain Haber Trell and Maranne Darmic. It features such prominent characters as Grand Admiral Thrawn, Hal and Corran Horn, Zekka Thyne, and Kirtan Loor.

## Contents

* "First Contact" by Timothy Zahn (7 ABY)
* "Tinian on Trial" by Kathy Tyers (2 BBY)
* "The Final Exit" by Patricia A. Jackson (11 BBY)
* "Missed Chance" by Michael A. Stackpole (6 ABY)
* "Retreat From Coruscant" by Laurie Burns (8 ABY)
* "A Certain Point of View" by Charlene Newcomb (0 ABY)
* "Blaze of Glory" by Tony Russo (11 ABY)
* "Slaying Dragons" by Angela Phillips (3 ABY)
* "Do No Harm" by Erin Endom (3 BBY)
* "Side Trip" by Timothy Zahn and Michael A. Stackpole (2 ABY)
# St Nathy's College

St Nathy's College is a Catholic secondary school in Ballaghaderreen in County Roscommon, Ireland. It is the diocesan college for the Diocese of Achonry. It is one of the oldest secondary schools in Ireland, having been founded in 1810. The School was located from 1893–96 in Edmundstown House, the former residence of the Bishop. The Diocese purchased Ballaghaderreen Military Barracks from the War Office, and the School moved there in 1896. In 1995 the school ceased to be a boarding school. St. Nathys amalgamated with St. Josephs Convent (Sisters of Charity) becoming a co-educational school, it also amalgamated with the local Ballaghaderreen VEC school
2010 saw the celebration of 200 years of the college, St Nathy’s 1810 to 2010, Reflections and Memories of Past Pupils, edited by Fr. Leo Henry, was published as part of the celebrations.

## Alumni

* Most Rev. Thomas Flynn, Bishop of Achonry and a former teacher at the school
* Most Rev. Dr. Laurence Gillooly CM, Bishop of Elphin
* Claire Kerrane, TD for Roscommon-Galway elected 2020
* Prof. Thomas Noel Mitchell, the second Catholic provost of Trinity College Dublin (1991-2001)
* Patsy McGarry, Irish Times Correspondent
* Most Rev. Thomas McGettrick SPS, missionary priest and Bishop of Abakaliki, Nigeria
* Frank Feely, former Irish Social Democratic and Labour Party (SDLP) politician in Northern Ireland
* Ted Nealon, TD and minister of state
* William O'Dwyer, 100th Mayor of New York City
* Patrick Joseph Shannon KPM JP, Deputy Commissioner of Police (Singapore)

## Presidents of the College

* Canon Hugh O'Donnell (1911-1920)
* Fr. Thomas Curneen
* Fr. Thomas Fleming ( - 1965)
* Fr. Thomas Flynn
* Fr. Robert Flynn (1977 - 1978)
* Fr. James Colleran ( - 1982)
* Fr. Andrew Johnston (1982- )
* Fr. Martin Convey (1996-2011)
* Fr. Tomás Surlis DD (2011-2017), served as Principal and President.
* Mr. Declan Dunne (2017- 2022), first lay Principal of the College.
* Fr. Martin Henry

## Controversy

St. Nathy's was accused by an RTÉ Prime Time Investigates programme of falsifying student numbers to inflate food grants. No prosecution was sought due to "insufficient evidence", and St. Nathy's repaid the Department of Social Protection about €646,000.
# Mazhar Hussain

Sheikh Mazhar Hussain (born 25 October 1967) is a former cricketer who played for various Lahore teams from 1984–85 to 1988–89 before emigrating to the United Arab Emirates. Hussain then played international cricket for his adopted nation between 1993–94 and 1995–96.
Hussain notched up a total of 24 first-class games while playing in his native Pakistan, making a top score of 139. He also played for Pakistan B in three first-class games on their tour to Zimbabwe in 1986–87. However, he was never selected for the full Pakistan side and blamed his non-selection on "petty politics and favouritism".
He first represented the UAE in the 1994 ICC Trophy, and established himself as one of the leading cricketers, if not the leading cricketer, in the UAE team. Indeed, it was in the 1994 tournament, against Ireland, that Hussain became the first Emirates batsman to score a century. In the 1994 Pepsi Austral-Asia Cup, held in Sharjah, he played his first two One Day International, scoring 70 in the first ODI, against India. This 70 was the first half-century made by an Emirati batsman in an ODI and as of 2006 is the second highest score made by an Emirati batsman in ODI cricket.
Hussain went on to play in five more ODIs in the 1996 World Cup. Hussain's 179 runs in ODI cricket make him the highest-scoring Emirati in One Day Internationals.
He played 7 ODI for UAE and scored 179 runs at an average of 25.57 his highest score was 70.
# Mpemba

Mpemba was a confederation in the western Congo Basin, at least from the 13th century. Its northernmost territory, Mpemba Kasi, was incorporated into the founding of the Kingdom of Kongo in the 14th century, and it was conquered. It neighboured the confederations of Vungu and Seven Kingdoms of Kongo dia Nlaza. Its capital and southernmost tip was on the Loze River in Angola, and it reached northwards 150 kilometres to the Congo River. It had sub-kingdoms, such as Mpemba Kasi and Vunda which was complex enough to have its own sub-units which included Mpangala.$^{:2}$$^{:24–25}$
# Anaecypris hispanica

Anaecypris hispanica, the Spanish minnowcarp, is a small species of ray-finned fish species in the family Cyprinidae. It is endemic to the Iberian Peninsula and is found in the basin of the Guadiana River in southern Spain and Portugal. Its natural habitats are rivers and intermittent rivers which are shallow, highly oxygenated, have a water temperature of no more than 25 °C (77 °F) and have a coarse stream bed. It is threatened by habitat loss. They grow to a maximum size of 60 mm (2.4 in) and live for three years.
# Para

Para, or PARA, may refer to:

## Businesses, professions, and organizations

* Paramount Global, traded as PARA on the Nasdaq stock exchange
* Para Group, the former name of CT Corp
* Para Rubber, now Skellerup, a New Zealand manufacturer
* Para USA, formerly Para-Ordnance, a firearms manufacturer
* Pan American Rugby Association
* Philippine Amateur Radio Association
* Paraprofessional
* Paralegal
* Paramilitary, organisations not part of the armed forces but operate as such
* Paramedic
* Parapsychology, the study of alleged psychic phenomena

## People

* Pará (footballer, born 1986), Marcos Rogério Ricci Lopes
* Pará (footballer, born 1987), Erinaldo Rabelo Santos
* Pará (footballer, born 1995), Anderson Ferreira da Silva
* Pará (footballer, born 2002), Luis Felipe Rabelo Costa
* André Cordeiro (water polo) (born 1967), nicknamed Pará, Brazilian water polo player
* Para Draine (born 1972), American female boxer
* Begum Para (1926–2008), Indian film actress

## Places

* Para (Bengali), a Bengali word meaning neighborhood or locality
* Pará, a state of Brazil
* Para (community development block), Purulia district, West Bengal, India
** Para, Purulia
** Para (Vidhan Sabha constituency)
* Para, Jhabua, Madhya Pradesh, India
* Para, Rajasthan, India
* Para, Unnao, Uttar Pradesh, India
* Para, Raebareli, Uttar Pradesh, India
* Para, Ivory Coast
* Para District, Suriname
* Para River (disambiguation)
* La Para, a summit in the Swiss Alps

## Science and technology

* Parity (biology), the number of times a woman has given birth, e.g. para 1 etc.
* Para, common name of fern Ptisana salicina
* para, symbol for the fruit fly gene paralytic (gene)
* Para- (chemistry), a position of a substituent on a cyclic hydrocarbon
* Para red, a dye

## Special forces

* Para Commando Brigade (Bangladesh), special forces of the Bangladeshi Army
* Para (Special Forces), special forces of the Indian Army
* Parachute Regiment (United Kingdom), elite infantry of the British Army, known as The Paras
* Paratrooper, a military parachutist
** Para Commandos (disambiguation), a paratrooper and commando

## Other uses

* Para (currency), a former currency of the Ottoman Empire
* Para language, an unclassified Naga language of India and Burma
* Para Handy, a fictional character in the Glasgow Evening News
* Para Shakti, a Hindu goddess of the Shakti type sometimes concatenated Parashakti
* Brazilian ship Pará, a list of ships
* Juz', or para, a division of the Quran
# Bike-to-Work Day

Bike to Work Day is an annual event that promotes the bicycle as an option for commuting to work (bicycle commuting). It is held in the Spring in a variety of locations including the United States, Canada, Europe and Asia.
Bike Week is the week that includes the Bike-to-Work Day, in May, and the World Bicycle Day, on June 3.

## Origins

Bike to Work Day was originated by the League of American Bicyclists in 1956 and is a part of Bike-to-Work Week, which is in turn part of ""bold"" National Bike Month ["needs citation"].

## Activities

Leading up to Bike to Work Day, national, regional, and local bicycle advocacy groups encourage people to try bicycle commuting as a healthy and safe alternative to driving by providing route information and tips for new bicycle commuters. Further, the American Medical Association has endorsed Bike to Work Day as part of its push to encourage active transportation. The event is supported by many organizations, from local bike shops and restaurants to municipalities and transit authorities. The southern California commuter rail network Metrolink offers free rides to cyclists on Bike to Work day.
On Bike to Work Day, a wide variety of bicycle-related events are organized. The day is a major event in the San Francisco Bay Area, where thousands of residents participate annually, supported by corporate sponsors. Organized "Commuter Convoys," and "Energizer Stations" set up in various locations around the Bay Area providing free food and coffee to bike commuters by organizations such as the San Francisco Bicycle Coalition, East Bay Bicycle Coalition, and Silicon Valley Bicycle Coalition. Members of the San Francisco Board of Supervisors and the Mayor of San Francisco regularly participate, commuting by bicycle to City Hall.
Bike to Work Day also enjoys broad participation throughout the country. Eleven businesses in Boulder, Colorado gave free breakfast to 1,200 participants in 2012 and 1,600 participants in 2013. Bethesda, Maryland used the event to unveil new bike racks (increasing from 200 to 300) and had speeches on transportation. In Kitchener, Ontario, a local bike club, Ziggy's, donated twelve commuter bikes to people who participated and blogged about the event in 2012. Chicago, Illinois gave free tune-ups and balaclavas to participants.
# Lymphater's Formula

"Lymphater's Formula" (Polish: "Formula Lymphatera") is a 1961 science fiction short story by Polish writer Stanisław Lem. It is a story of a "mad scientist", mathematician Ammon Lymphater, who invents an artificial intelligence, and then he realizes that it is capable of rendering the humankind obsolete.
It was first published in the 1961 collection Księga robotów [pl] (Book of Robots) with the pre-annotation "from the memoirs of Ijon Tichy". The story was never republished with this pre-annotation, and nothing in the novel gives any indication at Ijon Tichy. Piotr Krywak tried to figure out possible explanations for this, apart from a typographical error.

## Plot

Ammon Lymphater became interested in the emerging science of cybernetics and information theory, and started studying the works of an animal brain, the ant's brain in particular. He took note that the inherited knowledge is an evolutionary advantage somehow not exploited in full by the evolution. Eventually he came to a conclusion that only by pure biological restrictions that adaptive abilities of insects were stopped in their tracks by the evolution. He went on further wondering whether the ants have an ability to apriori knowledge, i.e., knowledge neither inherited nor learned. He decided to consult a famous myrmecologist, who told him about a rare ant species Acanthis Rubra Willinsoniana with an exceptionally high adaptability. Eventually Lymphater devised and constructed "It" capable of instant precognition of everything within "Its" rapidly expanding range of perception. From "It" Lymphater learns that the humanity is not the "crown of evolution", but rather evolution's tool to create "It", because the evolution could not create "It" directly (confirming Lymphater's reasoning about ants). Realizing that the Superentity "It" renders the human civilization redundant and obsolete, Lymphater destroys "It". "It" already knew Lymphater's intentions, but was not worried, knowing that sooner or later someone else will create "It" again and again. "It" was only the first variant of Lymphater's formula and the second variant is possible. Lyphater wonders whether the second one would be capable to create the third stage of the evolution which would amount to an artificial God.

## Publication history

It was translated in Russian (as "Формула Лимфатера") in 1963, in Hungarian (as "Lymphater utolsó képlete") in 1966, and in Bulgarian (as "Формулата на Лимфатер" by Георги Димитров Георгиев) in 1969. In 1973 an audiobook was released in German (as "Die lymphatersche Formel"), narrated by Martin Held.
It was also republished (and translated) in some other collections of Lem's short stories.
# Opeyemi Sowore

Opeyemi Oluwole Sowore is the Nigerian American wife of Omoyele Sowore. Born 10 November 1973 (age 50) USA She came to public view after several advocacy for Omoyele Sowore to be released after the journalist was rearrested by the Department of State Services on charges of threat to National Security including treasonable felony, cyberstalking and money laundering on December 6, being earlier arrested on August 3, 2019.
She has led several protests and discourses over the detention of her husband by the Department of State Services including leading protesters to the United Nations Plaza in New York on September 24, 2019, advocating global intervention from Democracy Now and the US Senate into the release of Omoyele.

## Career and education

She is the Vice President, Head of Consumer Engagement at Teladoc Health having previously led as executive at American Express, Citigroup and Delta Air Lines. She holds a BA from State University of New York at Binghamton in 1995 and an MBA from the Simon School of Business at the University of Rochester in 1997.
# Richard Twum Aninakwah

Richard Twum Aninakwah is a retired Ghanaian Supreme Court Judge. He served on the Supreme Court bench from 2004 to 2008.

## Biography

Aninakwah was born on 28 January 1938. He had his secondary education at Prempeh College and at school was a contemporary of John Agyekum Kufuor, former President of Ghana.
He was nominated in 2004 and was vetted on 15 September 2004. He was sworn into office together with Justice Felix Michael Lartey and Justice Julius Ansah on 15 October 2004. He retired on 28 January 2008 at the mandatory retirement age of 70 years.
# Kevan McNicholas

Kevan McNicholas was a British Paralympic athlete. In 1984, he won the silver medal in the men's shot put 2 event at the 1984 Summer Paralympics held in Stoke Mandeville, United Kingdom and New York City, United States.
In 1988, he won the silver medal in the men's shot put 2 event at the 1988 Summer Paralympics held in Seoul, South Korea.
McNicholas died on 11 November 2014.