OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Kuvshinovo

Kuvshinovo (Russian: Кувшиново) is the name of several inhabited localities in Russia.

## Rural localities

* Kuvshinovo, Bryansk Oblast, a village in Dmitrovsky Selsoviet of Pochepsky District of Bryansk Oblast
* Kuvshinovo, Yukhnovsky District, Kaluga Oblast, a village in Yukhnovsky District, Kaluga Oblast
* Kuvshinovo, Zhukovsky District, Kaluga Oblast, a village in Zhukovsky District, Kaluga Oblast
* Kuvshinovo, Kostroma Oblast, a village in Chukhlomskoye Settlement of Chukhlomsky District of Kostroma Oblast
* Kuvshinovo, Leningrad Oblast, a village in Pashskoye Settlement Municipal Formation of Volkhovsky District of Leningrad Oblast
* Kuvshinovo, Moscow Oblast, a village in Karinskoye Rural Settlement of Zaraysky District of Moscow Oblast
* Kuvshinovo, Smolensk Oblast, a village in Divasovskoye Rural Settlement of Smolensky District of Smolensk Oblast
* Kuvshinovo, Kalininsky District, Tver Oblast, a village in Mikhaylovskoye Rural Settlement of Kalininsky District of Tver Oblast
* Kuvshinovo, Rzhevsky District, Tver Oblast, a village in Chertolino Rural Settlement of Rzhevsky District of Tver Oblast
* Kuvshinovo, Sokolsky District, Vologda Oblast, a village in Chuchkovsky Selsoviet of Sokolsky District of Vologda Oblast
* Kuvshinovo, Vologodsky District, Vologda Oblast, a settlement in Semenkovsky Selsoviet of Vologodsky District of Vologda Oblast
* Kuvshinovo, Yaroslavl Oblast, a village in Rozhdestvensky Rural Okrug of Myshkinsky District of Yaroslavl Oblast
# Masjid Al-Falah, Singapore

The Al-Falah Mosque (Malay: Masjid Al-Falah), built in 1987, is a mosque in Singapore.

## Transportation

The mosque is accessible from Somerset MRT station.
# John M. Harrell

John Mortimer Harrell (December 14, 1828 – July 4, 1907) was an American lawyer and writer. He composed the very first telegram sent from Little Rock to Memphis. During the American Civil War, he distinguished himself as a cavalry officer in the operations of the West. Afterwards, he served as commander of the Southern Division, Arkansas United Confederate Veterans.

## Life and career

In 1861 John Mortimer Harrell was the political editor of the Old Line Democrat. He was the editor of the Southern States, a weekly that succeeded the Old Line Democrat. In 1876 he was one of the editors of the Arkansas Gazette. Soon after this he removed to Hot Springs, where he continued to reside for many years, until the death of his wife, when he moved out of the State. In about 1880 he was the editor of the Hot Springs Telegraph.
During the Reconstruction Period, he served as secretary of the 1867 Democratic convention. He wrote extensively about politics in Little Rock during this time, keeping newspaper clippings and long commentaries on the articles. His writings were published in 1893 as the Brooks and Baxter War, and are one of the most prominent sources on the Brooks–Baxter War. In 1899, Harrell and John Dimitry co-authored Confederate Military History, Volume X: Louisiana and Arkansas.

## Selected works

* Brooks and Baxter War (1893)
* Confederate Military History, Volume X (1899)
# Tulla Lower

Tulla Lower (or Tullagh Lower) is a barony in County Clare, Ireland. This ancient geographical division of land is in turn divided into eight civil parishes.

## Legal context

Baronies were created after the Norman invasion of Ireland as divisions of counties and were used the administration of justice and the raising of revenue. While baronies continue to be officially defined units, they have been administratively obsolete since 1898. However, they continue to be used in land registration and in specification, such as in planning permissions. In many cases, a barony corresponds to an earlier Gaelic túath which had submitted to the Crown.

## Location

Tulla Lower lies in the south-east of County Clare. As late as 1831, it was united with Tulla Upper as a single barony.
The barony is bounded to the east by Lough Derg and the River Shannon which separates it from the counties of Tipperary and Tipperary. Within the county of Clare, it is bounded by the baronies of Bunratty Lower (to the south-west), Bunratty Lower (to the west), Bunratty Upper (to the north-west) and by Tulla Upper (to the north). The narrow waters of Lough Cullaunyheeda separates the barony from its neighbour, Bunratty Upper.
It covers 78,381 acres (31,720 ha) of which 5,416 acres (2,192 ha) are water.

## Terrain

Much of the barony is moorish upland, but the lands along the Shannon and in the south are good farmland. The highest points are Glennagalliagh, in the parish of Killaloe, at 1,746 feet (532 m) and Cragnamurragh, on the border of the parishes of Killokennedy and O'Brien's Bridge, at 1,729 feet (527 m). The loughs (lakes) of Bridget, Derrynone, Kilglory, Cullaunyheeda and Castle lie on the boundary of the baronry, and the loughs of Doon, Aroher, Clonlea, and Cloonbrick are in the interior.

## Parishes and settlements

The barony contains the civil parishes of Clonlea, Killaloe, Killokennedy, Killurin, Kilseily, Kiltonanlea, O'Brien's Bridge, and Ogonnelloe. The main settlements are Killaloe, O'Brien's Bridge, Kilkishen, Kilbane, O'Callaghan’s Mills, Broadford, Cloonlara and Bridgetown.
# Alexander Verkhovskiy

Alexander Verkhovskiy (Russian: Александр Григорьевич Верховский) (b. August 23, 1956, in Leningrad, USSR) is a Russian entrepreneur, ranked #185 in the Forbes list of high-net-worth businessmen in Russia (2021). A former member of the Federation Council of Russia (2010—2017).

## Biography

Alexander Verkhov was born on August 23, 1956 in Leningrad, USSR. After receiving a Specialist degree in military construction from the Military Engineering-Technical University (1978), he served in the Red Army. Within 13 years, he worked in Moscow, Leningrad, and the Kuril Islands. In 1991, he resigned from the rank of lieutenant colonel.

## Entrepreneurship

In 1991, Verkhovskiy, along with two partners, founded Hydrostroy (Russian: Гидрострой), which worked both in fishing and fish processing. To construct fish processing plants on Itrup Island of Kuril Islands, he employed his former army subordinates to work as engineers and constructors. The company closely cooperated with the local authorities, which provided infrastructure and constructed roads to the Hydrostroy facilities.
Over 30 years, Hydrostroy expanded both its fishing and construction business. It has assembled its fishing fleet, constructed aquaculture facilities, built numerous processing plants, and established a bank. The company's construction projects in the Russian Far East included roads, bridges, hospitals, cultural centers, and geothermal plants. By 2010, Hydrostroy received a quarter of the government contracts to develop the Kuril Islands. It effectively became the backbone enterprise of the Kuril District of the Sakhalin Oblast.

## Politics

Verkhovskiy was elected to the parliament of the Kuril District three times: in 1997, 2001, and 2005. From 2010 to 2017, he was a Federation Council of Russia member, representing Sakhalin Oblast. He participated in the work of the committees responsible for the agriculture policy, the fishing industry, and the use of natural resources. In 2012, he was also the leading candidate on United Russia's list in the regional elections to the Sakhalin Duma.

## Awards

* II Degree Medal of the Order "For Merit to the Fatherland" (1998)
* The Russian Government Award in Science and Engineering (2007)

## Personal life

Alexander Verkhovskiy is married with two children.
# Historia Salonitana

Historia Salonitanorum atque Spalatinorum pontificum or the History of the Bishops of Salona and Split (Croatian:Povijest biskupa Salone i Splita), commonly known simply as the Historia Salonitana, is a chronicle by Thomas the Archdeacon from the 13th century which contains significant information about the early history of the Croats.
It was first published by Johannes Lucius. An extended version of this work, known as the Historia Salonitana maior was published in the 16th century, and critical editions of both have been republished by Nada Klaić (Belgrade: Naucno delo, 1967).
The chronicle gives an account of the arrival of the Croats:
    From the Polish territories called Lingonia seven or eight tribal clans arrived under Totilo. When they saw that the Croatian land would be suitable for habitation because in it there were few Roman colonies, they sought and obtained for their duke...The people called Croats...Many call them Goths, and likewise Slavs, according to the particular name of those who arrived from Poland and Bohemia.
This account may be considered more similar to that which is found in De Administrando Imperio than the Chronicle of the Priest of Duklja.
The chronicle notes that by the time of the Byzantine Emperor Heraclius and Pope John IV, some Croats had been converted to Christianity. Both these men died in the mid 7th century, which leaves an estimate of the actual arrival of the Croats to the Adriatic at sometime in the early part of the century.
It provides an extended information about the Croatian kings Demetrius Zvonimir and Peter Krešimir IV.
# Tahta SC

Tahta Sporting Club (Egyptian Arabic: نادى طهطا للألعاب الرياضيه) is an Egyptian football club based in Tahta. The club is currently competing in Egyptian Third Division, the third-highest league in the Egyptian football league system.
* This article about an Egyptian football club is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
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* e
# Lucia Travaini

Lucia Travaini (born 1953) is an Italian numismatist, archaeologist, and academic. She is an Associate Professor of Medieval and Modern Numismatics at the University of Milan.

## Life

Travaini studied archaeology at the Sapienza University of Rome. She worked for the Soprintendenza Archeologica, the Ministry of Cultural Heritage, and at the National Roman Museum. From 1992 to 1998, she was a senior research associate to Philip Grierson at the Fitzwilliam Museum, University of Cambridge. In 1998, she returned to Italy to join the University of Milan. She also taught at her alma mater between 2002 and 2005.

## Honours

In 2012, Travaini was awarded the Medal of the Royal Numismatic Society, one of the highest awards for numismatists. In 2014, she was awarded the Prix Duchalais by the Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres for her book Le zecche italiane fino all'Unità (published 2011). In 2016, she was elected an honorary member of the Royal Numismatic Society of Belgium.

## Selected works

* Travaini, Lucia (1995). La Monetazione nell'Italia normanna (in Italian). Rome: Istituto Storico Italiano per il Medioevo.
* Grierson, Philip; Travaini, Lucia (1998). Medieval European coinage: Medieval European Coinage: Volume 14, South Italy, Sicily, Sardinia: With a Catalogue of the Coins in the Fitzwilliam Museum, Cambridge. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0521582315.
* Travaini, Lucia (2011). Le zecche italiane fino all'Unità (in Italian). Roma: Libreria dello Stato, Istituto poligrafico e Zecca dello Stato. ISBN 978-8824013338.
# Daniil Barchenkov

Daniil Gavrilovich Barchenkov (Russian: Даниил Гаврилович Барченков; 17 December 1917 – 30 May 1953) was a Soviet fighter pilot during World War II who was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. A flying ace, his final tally at the end of the war stood at an estimated 19 shootdowns.
# Minack Theatre

The Minack Theatre (Cornish: Gwariva Veynek) is an open-air theatre, constructed above a gully with a rocky granite outcrop jutting into the sea. The theatre is at Porthcurno, four miles (six kilometres) from Land's End in Cornwall, England. The Minack's performing season runs from Easter to the end of October and includes a wide range of music and theatre. Each year, the Minack produces several professional productions as well as hosting visiting companies. It has appeared in many lists of the world's most spectacular theatres.
The theatre was the brainchild of Rowena Cade, who moved to Cornwall after the First World War and built a house for herself and her mother on land at Minack Point for £100. Her sister was the feminist dystopian author Katharine Burdekin, who lived with them from the 1920s. In 1929, Rowena Cade became involved with a local village group of players who staged Shakespeare's A Midsummer Night's Dream in a nearby meadow at Crean, repeating the production the next year. They decided that their next production would be The Tempest and Miss Cade offered her cliff garden as a suitable location for the play. Miss Cade and her gardener, Billy Rawlings, made a terrace and rough seating, hauling materials down from the house or up via the winding path from the beach below. In 1932, The Tempest was performed with the sea as a dramatic backdrop, to great success. Miss Cade resolved to improve the theatre, working over the course of the winter months each year (with the help of Billy Rawlings, Charles and Thomas Angove and other friends), to create the theatre that exists today. She was still working on it well into her 80s. Rowena Cade died in 1983 shortly before her 90th birthday.
In 1944, the theatre was used as a location for the Gainsborough Studios film Love Story, starring Stewart Granger and Margaret Lockwood but inclement weather forced them to retreat to a studio mock-up. In 1955, the first dressing rooms were built. In the 1970s, the theatre was managed by Lawrence Shove. Since 1976 the theatre has been registered as a charitable trust and is now a Charitable Incorporated Organisation (CIO).
The theatre is open for visitors throughout the year though visiting days are limited in the winter. The 90th anniversary of the Minack was celebrated with a production of The Tempest performed by Hertfordshire Players in August 2022.
* Minack Theatre and view over Porthcurno Bay.
* A view highlighting the gradient of the theatre
* Minack Theatre
* A 2012 Shakespeare production
* From the air
# Saint-Léger, Savoie

Saint-Léger (French pronunciation: ; Arpitan: Sent-Lagiér) is a commune in the Savoie department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region in south-eastern France.
# Marguerite Deprez-Audebert

Marguerite Deprez-Audebert (born 17 May 1952) is a French politician of the Democratic Movement (MoDem) who served as a member of the French National Assembly since the 2017 elections, representing the department of Pas-de-Calais.

## Political career

In parliament, Deprez-Audebert served as member of the Committee on Economic Affairs and the Committee on European Affairs. She has also been a member of the Committee on Sustainable Development and Spatial Planning. In addition to her committee assignments, she was a member of the French parliamentary friendship groups with Germany and Vietnam.
She lost her seat in the 2022 French legislative election.

## Political positions

In July 2019, Deprez-Audebert voted in favor of the French ratification of the European Union’s Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement (CETA) with Canada.
# Pacifier (disambiguation)

A pacifier is an artificial nipple given to an infant to suck upon.
Pacifier may also refer to:
* Pacifier (band), a short-lived name for the New Zealand band Shihad
** "Pacifier", the 1999 song for which the band renamed themselves, found on The General Electric
** Pacifier (Shihad album), by Shihad (as Pacifier), 2002
** Pacifier Live, a double album released in 2003
* Pacifier (Nothingface album) or the title song, 1997
* "Pacifier" (song), by Catfish and the Bottlemen, 2014
* The Pacifier, a 2005 action comedy film starring Vin Diesel
* "The Pacifier" (The Simpsons short), a 1987 animated short
# Kwon Young-jin

Kwon Young-jin (Korean: 권영진; born January 23, 1991) is a South Korean football player who plays as a midfielder for Liga 1 club PSMS Medan.
# Bello Musa Kofarmata

Bello Musa Kofarmata (12 May 1988 – 2 November 2022) was a Nigerian footballer who played as a forward for Kano Pillars, Heartland F.C., Ifeanyi Ubah and El-Kanemi Warriors.

## Club career

With the team, with Kano Pillars he won the 2007–08 Nigerian Premier League and was with 11 goals the top scorer. In August 2008 he was on a trial at Austria's LASK and played one friendly game, the forward returned from Europe to Kano Pillars at the start of the 2008 season.
Kofarmata joined Heartland in January 2010 for a fee of five million naira. After two and half years he left Heartland F.C. and signed with league rivals Kano Pillars.

## International career

Kofarmata was a fringe player of the Nigeria U20 national team's squad at the 2007 FIFA U20 World Cup. He made his debut for the Nigeria senior national team on 3 March 2010, coming on as a substitute in a 5–2 home win over Congo DR.

## Death

Kofarmata died following a short illness on 2 November 2022, at the age of 34.
# List of strikes in Nigeria

Throughout the history of Nigeria, a number of strikes, labour disputes, student strikes, hunger strikes, and other industrial actions have occurred.

## Background

A labour strike is a work stoppage caused by the mass refusal of employees to work. This can include wildcat strikes, which are done without union authorisation, and slowdown strikes, where workers reduce their productivity while still carrying out minimal working duties. It is usually a response to employee grievances, such as low pay or poor working conditions. Strikes can also occur to demonstrate solidarity with workers in other workplaces or pressure governments to change policies.

## 19th century

* 1897 Lagos strike

## 20th century
### 1940s

* 1940–41 LMWA protest, including a strike, by the Lagos Market Women Association against income tax.
* 1944 King's College strike, strike by students at King's College, Lagos.
* 1945 Nigerian general strike
* 1949 Enugu Colliery Massacre

### 1960s

* 1963 Nigerian general strike, in the Federation of Nigeria.
* 1964 Nigerian general strike
* 1964 Nigerian teachers' strike

### 1970s

* Ali Must Go

### 1980s

* 1981 Nigerian general strike
* 1982 Nigerian dockworkers' strikes
* 1988 ASUU strike, strike by Academic Staff Union of Universities members in Nigeria against structural adjustment, the first strike in the union's history.
* 1988 Nigerian fuel strikes, series of strikes in Nigeria protesting increases in fuel prices.
* 1989 Anti-SAP riots

### 1990s

* 1994 Nigerian oil strike, strike by oil workers after the arrest of opposition leader Moshood Abiola.

## 21st century
### 2000s

* 2003 Nigerian general strike, against increases in fuel prices.

### 2010s

* Occupy Nigeria
* 2013 Nigerian university strike, 5-month strike organised by the Academic Staff Union of Universities.
* 2018 Nigerian university strike, organised by the Academic Staff Union of Universities.

### 2020s

* 2021 Nigerian doctors' strike
* 2022 Nigerian breadmakers strike: strike by Premium Breadmakers Association of Nigeria workers over increases in the cost of breadmaking materials;
* 2022 Nigerian university strike: strike by members of the Academic Staff Union of Universities;
* 2023 Nigerian airport strikes;
* 2024 NARTO strike, organised by the Nigerian Association of Road Transport Owners demanding an increase in freight charges.
* 2024 Nigerian general strike
# Visa policy of the Republic of the Congo

Visitors to the Republic of the Congo must obtain a visa from one of the Republic of the Congo diplomatic missions unless they come from one of the visa exempt countries or countries that can obtain a visa on arrival.

## Visa exemption

Citizens of the following 5 countries who hold a biometric passport can visit Republic of Congo without a visa for up to 90 days:
* Cameroon
* Central African Republic
* Chad
* Equatorial Guinea
* Gabon
Visa not required for citizens of China provided their normal passports are endorsed "For Public Affairs".
Visa not required for holders of a V.I.P Invitation letter.
Holders of diplomatic or service category passports issued to nationals of Brazil, China and Russia do not require a visa as well as holders of diplomatic passports of Portugal and Turkey.
Visa waiver agreement for diplomatic and service passports was signed with Angola and it is yet to come into force.
* Date of visa changes
* Visa free:
* 23 October 2017: CEMAC countries – Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Equatorial Guinea and Gabon
* Visa on arrival:
* 9 October 2018: Rwanda and United Arab Emirates

## Visa on arrival

Citizens of the following countries can obtain a visa on arrival:
| Benin  Burkina Faso  Côte d'Ivoire  Mauritania  Morocco | Niger  Rwanda  Senegal  Togo  United Arab Emirates$^#$ |
$_{#-NotlistedbyTimaticaseligibleforavisaonarrival.}$

## Transit

Passengers with a confirmed onward ticket for a flight to a third country on the same calendar day. They must stay in the international transit area of the airport and have documents required for the next destination.

## e-Visa

In April 2019 Congolese authorities announced a plan to introduce an electronic visa in August 2019. Visa applications can already be submitted online at the Republic of the Congo embassy in France website.
# Love Song (Tesla song)

"Love Song" is a power ballad written by Frank Hannon and Jeff Keith of the rock band Tesla, originally released on their 1989 album The Great Radio Controversy. The song reached number 10 on the Billboard Hot 100. It also became a gold record.

## Music video

On July 7, 1989, the music video was filmed during a concert in the band's home town of Sacramento at the former Cal Expo amphitheater. KRXQ (93 Rock), a local rock radio station at the time, was aware that the music video was to be filmed at the concert. The station held a contest awarding backstage passes to the fan who created the best banner that displayed "93 Rock", "Tesla", and "Love Song". Banners can be seen being held up in the audience and background throughout the video.

## Certifications

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| United States (RIAA) | Gold | 500,000$^^$ |
| $^^$ Shipments figures based on certification alone. |||
# Quzi

Quzi (Arabic: قوزي), also spelled as qoozi or ghoozi, is a popular rice-based dish and is considered one of Iraq's national dishes. It is served with very slowly cooked lamb, roasted nuts, and raisins served over rice. The dish was introduced into Turkey by Syrian immigrants. The dish can also be found in some Arab states of the Persian Gulf.

## Etymology

The Arabic word quzi قوزي comes from Ottoman Turkish kuzı قوزی meaning 'lamb'.

## Variations

In Iraqi cuisine, it is usually prepared by stuffing a whole lamb with rice, vegetables, spices and nuts and slow-cooking it over a closed or submerged oven. In some places in the Middle East it is buried in a pit containing burning coal or charcoal to get the smoky flavor.
There are many variations to this technique such as in Saudi Arabia and Yemen, where it is called madfoon, cooked by being wrapped in aluminium foil and kept on an open heat source. In Oman and UAE it is called shuwaa and is traditionally eaten on festive occasions, prepared by wrapping the marinated meat in date palm leaves and placing the wrapped meat in a submerged oven. In Jordan, and Syria it is known as zarb; the meat is portioned into smaller pieces and kept along with vegetables and bread dough so that the flavors are enhanced. Another variant is called haneeth where it is cooked inside a hot tabun; this variation can be found in most Middle Eastern countries as well as the Horn of Africa and North Africa.