OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Virginia Carrington-Thomas

Virginia Carrington-Thomas (born 27 October 1897 in Bristol CT; † 3 April 1978 in New York) was an American organist, composer, editor of organ music, and music educator.

## Biography

Already at the age of four, Carrington expressed a desire to become an organist. In 1916, at the age of 16, she was appointed organist at South Park Methodist Church in Hartford, CT. A year later she was accepted into the American Guild of Organists as its youngest member at the time. In 1918 she enrolled at Yale University's School of Music, her organ teacher being Harry B. Jepson and her composition teacher being Horatio Parker. During her studies, Carrington served as organist at the United Church in New Haven, where she met Richard Banks Thomas, an architecture student. They married in 1920 and had four children, born in 1921, 1925, 1926 and 1929.
Carrington-Thomas graduated from Yale University School of Music in 1921. In 1922, sponsored by a scholarship, she spent the summer months at the Conservatoire Américain in Fontainebleau, which had been founded the previous year. Her organ teacher there was Charles-Marie Widor, with whom she studied the works of Bach and Franck, among others, but also Widor's own works. After a second stay in Fontainebleau in the summer of 1923, Carrington-Thomas was appointed organist at the First Baptist Church in Jacksonville, FL, and in 1925, as the youngest member of the American Guild of Organists at the time, she was made a Fellow. In 1926 she was appointed professor at the Florida State College for Women in Tallahassee. That same year, Carrington-Thomas founded the Florida Chapter of the American Guild of Organists.
In 1929 the family moved to Hempstead on Long Island, where Carrington-Thomas founded the Nassau Chapter of the AGO. At that time she also studied with Rubin Goldmark at the Juilliard School (composition) and Lynwood Farnam (organ). In 1930 Carrington-Thomas was appointed organist at the Brooklyn Museum. In 1935 she moved to New York City. Two years later she began her collaboration with the Hammond Organ Company, founded in Chicago in 1935. Carrington Thomas became director of the "Hammond Organ School" in New York City and made an important contribution to the popularization of the Hammond organ. She played 266 concerts on the Hammond Organ during the 1939 World's Fair in the pavilion of the "Garden of Security" donated by the Equitable Life Assurance Society. She also published numerous editions of sheet music with arrangements of works for pipe organ or original compositions for the Hammond organ.
Throughout her career, Thomas-Carrington played hundreds of concerts and recitals at venues that included Carnegie Hall, New York, Aeolian Hall, London, Ontario, and Town Hall, New York. She was a tireless advocate of the electric organ promoting the organ through recitals and public schools. Over her career, she successfully promoted the installation of over 300 electric organs in American high schools and was the founder of the Hammond Organ School in New York.
From 1962 until her retirement in 1968, Carrington-Thomas served as organist at Madison Square Garden in New York City.
# Julie Philipault

Julie Philipault (Paris, 9 May 1780 - Paris, 7 January 1862) was a French painter.

## Biography

Marie-Julie-Victoire Chipault, known as Philpaut. (or Phlipault, Philipault), was born on 9 May 1780 in Paris, in the Saint-Gervais quarter of the 4th arrondissement She was the daughter of Louis-Chrisostome Chipault, and his wife, Marie-Élisabeth-Victoire Deschamps de Vallièrre.
Student of Louise Hersent, she won medals at the Salons of 1814 and 1817. She is one of only twenty-one women artists to have works in the collections of the Louvre.
She died in the 10th arrondissement of Paris on 23 November 1834.

## Selected works

* Racine reading Athalie in front of Louis XIV and Madame de Maintenon (1819), oil on canvas, Louvre, Paris.
* Young Shepherdess admiring Herself in the Water (1821), oil on canvas, Louvre, Paris (currently on loan to Castelnaudary Town Hall).
* Portrait de Marie-Sylphide Calès, née Chardou (1800–10), oil on canvas, musée des Beaux-Arts d'Orléans, Orléans.
* Portrait of the Painter Jean Henry Marlet, oil on canvas, Musée Cantini, Marseille.
* Gallery of Works by Julie Philipault
* Portrait of colonel Charles-Marie Galté, (1812)
* Portrait of Madame Galté, née Angélique-Louise-Rose De Busne, (1812)
* Portrait of a Woman holding a Book, (1815)
* Young Woman Drawing, (1817)
* A Mother and Her Daughter, (1818)
* Racine reading Athalie in front of Louis XIV and Madame de Maintenon (1819), musée du Louvre, Paris
* Portrait of a Man, (1819)
* Portrait of Marie-Sylphide Calès, née Chardou, (1800–10), musée des Beaux-Arts d'Orléans, Orléans
* Presumed Portrait of Madame Jourdan playing the Lyre in a Landscape
* Portrait of a Lady wearing a Black Dress
* Portrait of a Man in an Embroidered Waistcoat
# Jeanne-Philiberte Ledoux

Jeanne-Philiberte Ledoux (1767 – 12 October 1840) was a French painter. Ledoux was born in Paris and took lessons from Jean-Baptiste Greuze. Her work was first seen in public in 1793, when she showed three paintings in the Salon: Painting at Rest, Little Girls at a Crossroads, and Concealed Love. She is known for miniatures and portraits and exhibited in the Paris Salons from 1793 to 1819, in which she was a frequent exhibitor. Only one work attributed to Ledoux is signed, and none are dated.
Ledoux died in Belleville.
* Portrait of a girl
* Bust of a young girl
* Bust of girl
* A Girl in Prayer
# Yvonne Meley

Yvonne Meley (30 May 1888 – 1 July 1982) was a French painter. She exposed in 1907, 1914 at the Salon de l'Union des femmes peintres et sculpteurs. Her work was part of the painting event in the art competition at the 1924 Summer Olympics.
# For Women of Russia

The People's Party «For Women of Russia» (NPZZhR; Russian: Народная партия «За женщин России»; НПЗЖР; Narodnaya partiya «Za zhenshchin Rossii», NPZZhR) was a registered political party in Russia. The history of the party dates back to the founding congress on March 31, 2007. The party approved the charter and program of the party on April 22, 2012.

## People's Party "For Women of Russia"
### Election results

In the elections to the Closed administrative district of Fokino in 2013, the party received 3.1%. The party also participated in the elections to the city council of Kamensk-Uralsky.
According to the results of a single election day in 2013, the party won a seat in the State Assembly of the Sakha Republic in a single-mandate constituency 21. Gulsum Beisembayeva represented the party in the Yakut parliament in 2013–2018, she was not elected to the next composition.
The party competed with the Yabloko party in the Volgograd region in the elections to the regional parliament on September 14, 2014.

## Party liquidation

In May 2019, it became known that the Russian Ministry of Justice had filed a lawsuit to liquidate the party in connection with failure to comply with the requirements for mandatory participation in elections (within seven years from the date of registration, the party must participate in a number of elected companies).
On June 14, 2019, the People's Party "For Women of Russia" was liquidated by a decision of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation for insufficient participation in elections for seven years.
Party participation in elections in 2012-2019 :
| Election type | Required participation | Actual participation | List of regions |
| Russian presidential elections | 1 | 0 | n/a |
| State Duma elections | 1 | 0 | n/a |
| Elections for the Heads of constituent entities | 9 (10% from subjects) | 2 | Primorsky Krai, Amur Oblast |
| Elections to legislative assemblies of constituent entities | 17 (20% from subjects) | 8 | Republic of Sakha, Republic of North Ossetia – Alania, Chechen Republic, Krasnodar Krai, Amur Oblast, Volgograd Oblast, Sakhalin Oblast, Sverdlovsk Oblast |
| Elections to local governments in the constituent entities | 43 (more than half of the subjects) | 14 | Karachay-Cherkess Republic, Republic of Sakha, Republic of North Ossetia – Alania, Krasnodar Krai, Primorsky Krai, Amur Oblast, Astrakhan Oblast, Volgograd Oblast, Novosibirsk Oblast, Sakhalin Oblast, Sverdlovsk Oblast, Tver Oblast, Tula Oblast, City of Saint Petersburg |

## Criticism

Gazeta.Ru expert Arkady Lyubarev notes the presence in the party of signs of a "single-issue party".
# Dunewood, New York

Dunewood is a small beach community in the western end of Fire Island, New York State. With about 100 homes originally all built on an identical floor plan. While the community specifically does not market itself to tourists and short-term renters, it is a popular location for long-term residents, and properties are rarely for sale. The community has only very limited facilities, and during summertime, it shares a doctor with nearby Fair Harbor, during other times of the year, serious medical cases have to be medevaced by helicopter.
Dunewood, like many neighboring communities, suffers from coastal erosion, which the community in the early 2000s was attempting to control via beach replenishment, the sand replacement funded by taxes levied through each community's erosion control district. Environmental concerns have however hindered similar projects on Fire Island for decades.

## Dunewood Yacht Club

The Dunewood Yacht Club (DYC) is a staple of Dunewood and of the larger Fire Island community. It offers a long tradition of sailing instruction for a wide range of ages and all skill levels. The Yacht Club offers instruction on Sunfish sailing dinghies. After passing a swim test, students are assigned to a specific class based on age.
# GJ 1214

GJ 1214 (sometimes Gliese 1214) is a dim M4.5 red dwarf star in the constellation Ophiuchus with an apparent magnitude of 14.7. It is located at a distance of 47.8 light-years (14.7 parsecs) from Earth. GJ 1214 hosts one known exoplanet.

## Nomenclature

The designation GJ 1214 comes from the Gliese Catalogue of Nearby Stars. This star was first included in the second edition of the catalogue, published in 1979 by Gliese and Jahreiß, hence the GJ prefix usually used for this star.
In August 2022, this planetary system was included among 20 systems to be named by the third NameExoWorlds project. The approved names, proposed by a team from Kenya, were announced in June 2023. GJ 1214 is named Orkaria and its planet is named Enaiposha, after the Maa words for red ochre and for a large body of water, alluding to the color of the star and likely composition of the planet.

## Properties

GJ 1214 is about one-fifth the radius of the Sun with a surface temperature estimated to be 3,110 K (2,840 °C; 5,140 °F). Its luminosity is only 0.35% that of the Sun.
The estimate for the stellar radius is 15% larger than predicted by theoretical models. It also shows a 1% intrinsic variability in the near-infrared probably caused by stellar spots. The star is rotating slowly, with a period that is most likely an integer multiple of 53 days. It is probably at least three billion years old and a member of the old thin disk of the Milky Way. Although GJ 1214 has a low to moderate level of magnetic activity, it does undergo flares and is a source of X-ray emission with a base luminosity of 7.4×10$^{25}$ erg s$^{−1}$. The temperature of the stellar corona is estimated to be about 3.5×10$^6$ K.
In 2021–2022, the star is suspected to be in the low-activity phase of its magnetic starspot cycle.

## Planetary system

In mid-December 2009, a team of Harvard-Smithsonian astronomers announced the discovery of a companion extrasolar planet, GJ 1214 b, potentially composed largely of water and having the mass and diameter of a super-Earth, though now more often described as a mini-Neptune based on its composition.
Discovered by the MEarth Project and investigated further by the HARPS spectrograph on ESO’s 3.6-metre telescope at La Silla, GJ 1214 b was the second super-Earth exoplanet for which astronomers determined the mass and radius, giving vital clues about its structure. It was also the first super-Earth around which an atmosphere was found. A search for additional planets using transit timing variations was negative.
No transit-time variations have yet been found for this transit. As of 2012, "the given data does not allow us to conclude that there is a [second] planet in the mass range 0.1–5 Earth-masses and the period range 0.76–1.23 or 1.91–3.18 days." The X-ray flux from the host star is estimated to have stripped 2–5.6 M$_E$ from the planet over the lifetime of the system.
The GJ 1214 planetary system :
| Companion (in order from star) | Mass | Semimajor axis (AU) | Orbital period (days) | Eccentricity | Inclination | Radius |
| b / Enaiposha | 8.17±0.43 M$_🜨$ | 0.01490±0.00026 | 1.580404571(42) | <0.063 | 88.7±0.1° | 2.742+0.050 −0.053 R$_🜨$ |
# Sturmmann

Sturmmann (German:, lit. 'Storm man') was a Nazi Party paramilitary rank that was first created in the year 1921. The rank of Sturmmann was used by the Sturmabteilung (SA) and the Schutzstaffel (SS).
The word originated during World War I when Sturmmann was a position held by soldiers in German pioneer assault companies, also known as "shock troops".

## Creation

Following the defeat of Germany in 1918, Sturmmann became a paramilitary rank of the Freikorps, violent groups of military veterans who opposed Germany's loss of World War I and the subsequent Treaty of Versailles.
In 1921, Sturmmann became a paramilitary title of the Nazi Party's private army, the Sturmabteilung (SA or "Assault Detachment"). Sturmmann would eventually become a basic paramilitary rank of almost every Nazi organization, but is most closely associated as an SA rank and as a rank of the SS.
The rank of Sturmmann was bestowed upon those members of the SA and SS who had served for six months in the organization and had demonstrated basic abilities and competence.

## Use

Sturmmann was senior to the rank of Mann in the Allgemeine-SS (general-SS). In organizations which did not use the rank of Mann (such as the National Socialist Motor Corps), the rank of Sturmmann was the equivalent of a private and wore a blank collar patch with no insignia. Within the Waffen-SS, an SS-Sturmmann was senior to an SS-Oberschütze.
The rank of Sturmmann was junior, in both the SS and SA, to the rank of Rottenführer. It was considered the equivalent to the rank of Gefreiter in the German Army and a lance-corporal in the British Army. The insignia for Sturmmann consisted of a bare collar patch with a single silver stripe. The field grey uniforms of the Waffen-SS also displayed the sleeve chevron of a Gefreiter.

## Insignia

* Shoulder strap in Feldgrau (all other enlisted ranks OR-1 to OR-3 of the Waffen-SS)
* SS Gorget patches
* SS Sleeve badge
* SA gorget patch
* NSKK gorget patch
* NSFK gorget patch

## Post-war use

The term and rank has not been used in Germany since World War II.
# Sheikh Ubaidullah

Shiekh Ubaidullah (born c. 663 AD) was a Muslim Arab from Medina.

## Early life

The name Ubaidullah is an indirect Quranic name that means "little servant of God". Ubaid is the diminutive form of the word Abd ("servant") and is formed from Ubaid ("little servant") and Allah ("God"), -u- being the case marking for the nominative (in construct state).
Nothing is known about his early life except his lineage which is traced to Caliph Abu Bakr, the first Rashidun Caliph, to whom he is believed to be closely related.

## Career

Tradition says that once while praying in the Prophet's mosque in Medina Ubaidullah fell asleep and saw a dream in which he saw Muhammad who told him to go to distant lands east of Jeddah to preach Islam to the people.
He interpreted the dream as a divine vision from God for his salvation and the people of those distant lands, so he proceeded to Jeddah where he travelled across the ocean for accomplishing his mission.

## Preaching Islam in Lakshadweep India

On his journey his vessel capsized in a storm and he had to continue his journey by drifting on a plank till he reached Amini in AH 41 (663 AD). He started his act of preaching from Amini and was able to convert the Pondambelli family despite the initial linguistic challenges. After facing opposition there he left Amini with some of his new Muslim fellows and moved to Andrott where he got significantly high conversions. He then went to Kavaratti and Agatti, preaching there and then came back to Amini. This time unlike his first arrival in Amini, he was welcomed and via his preaching could successfully influence and convert almost the whole of population to Islam. At last stage of his life, he travelled to Andrott where he lived the rest of his life preaching and teaching. Ubaidullah never went back to his home land of Hijaz and devoted his life for dawah. Sheikh Ubaidullah advanced Islam in Lakshadweep (now in India) Islands by delivering sermons before the islanders.

## Death and legacy

Apparently, he died at Andrott Island with his remains buried in Juma Mosque.
Juma Mosque, one of the top attractions in Lakshadweep is said to have been built during his time.
It is believed that 97% of the population in Lakshadweep being Muslim at present is a result of his preaching.
# La Place du Théâtre Français

La Place du Théâtre Français is an 1898 oil painting by Danish-French Impressionist and Neo-Impressionist painter Camille Pissarro. It is at the Los Angeles County Museum of Art in Los Angeles, USA, but it is currently not on public display. It is one of the approximately 15 paintings that Pissarro made while staying at the Grand Hôtel du Louvre in Paris.

## Background

On December 15, 1897, Pissarro informed his son Lucien that he was going to stay at the Grand Hôtel du Louvre in Paris, as he thought the view of nearby avenue de l'Opéra and the corner of the Place du Palais-Royal would make a good subject for his paintings. He described these streets of Paris as silvery, luminous and alive – and that they would make a great motif for him.
Pissarro rented a room that gave him a suitable view of avenue de l'Opéra and began to work. He stayed in the hotel until April and created approximately 15 painting showing the rue Saint-Honoré, the avenue de l'Opéra, and the Place du Théâtre Français from different perspectives and in different weather conditions. Most of his work from that time was later shown at the "Exposition d'œuvres récentes de Camille Pissarro" organised by Paul Durand-Ruel in June 1898.

## Description

The painting captures a larger image of everyday life of Parisians from above from a few-story building. The wide open space of the Place du Théâtre Français is in the foreground, shown here where it becomes the avenue de l'Opéra (its beginnings are almost invisible). The composition is closed off on the right by the theater facade. At the end we can see Charles Garnier’s opera house. People depicted are Parisians from different social classes living their everyday lives. In some parts of the painting we can see cropped people, horses and carriages that give a sense of reality and movement and a feeling like this painting was based on a photograph of a busy Parisian street. The image appears flattened, as there are no shadows at all and the sunlight is the same in all parts of the painting. People in the painting wear bright clothes only in the foreground; the further we look, the more subdued the colors of clothes are and people are less visible with less detail – just like in a photograph the closer elements are more clear and visible. Several scholars like John Rewald, Leopold Reidemeister and Charles Kunstler compared the paintings Pissarro made in the Hôtel du Louvre to contemporary photographs. The absence of the sky and horizon and the perspective of a rising background suggest parallels with the composition of Japanese prints.
# Fernande Barrey

Fernande Barrey (9 January 1893 in Saint-Valery-sur-Somme – 14 July 1960 in Paris) was a French artist model and painter.

## Biography

Fernande Barrey left her native Picardy in about 1908 and moved to Paris, where she survived as a child prostitute. She then became the model for many painters, including Amedeo Modigliani and Chaïm Soutine, who persuaded her to study painting and art history at the École nationale supérieure des Beaux-Arts.
In March 1917, she met the Japanese artist Tsuguharu Foujita at the Café de la Rotonde in Montparnasse, who fell madly in love with her and married her thirteen days later. In 1918 the couple moved to escape the German bombs to Cagnes-sur-Mer, where she spent a year painting and meeting many friends. During this period, she became friends with Jeanne Hébuterne, the bride of Modigliani. When Modigliani died of tuberculosis in 1920, Barrey tried in vain to console the new widow, but Jeanne, eight months pregnant, committed suicide.
During the year 1925, the couple led a very open relationship, both having relations with people of both sexes. The painter did not forgive Fernande after she had a love affair with his cousin, Koyanagi, a painter. He then locked himself with the Belgian artist Lucie Badoul (called Youki) for three days during which Fernande desperately sought her husband in the Parisian morgues. In 1928, the couple divorced and she lived with Koyanagi in Montmartre. When Koyanagi was separated himself in 1935, his relationship with Tsugouharu Foujita improved; he helped her financially until her death.
Some sources link Fernande Barrey and the famous Miss Fernande, favourite model of the female photographer Jean Agélou, who appeared on many erotic postcards, although this has never been proven.
As a painter, she exhibited the paintings Josiane and Les Pêches at the Salon d'Automne in 1929.
# Zagreb Botanical Garden

The Zagreb Botanical Garden (Croatian: Botanički vrt u Zagrebu) is a botanical garden located in downtown Zagreb, Croatia. Founded in 1889 by Antun Heinz, Professor of the University of Zagreb, and opened to public in 1891, it is part of the Faculty of Science. Covering an area of 5 hectares (12 acres), the garden is situated at an altitude of 120 metres (390 ft) above sea level. It is home to over 10,000 plant species from around the world, including 1,800 exotic ones. It has large ponds for aquatic plants. Some of Slava Raškaj's most notable works were painted by the garden ponds.