# London Plan

The London Plan is the statutory spatial development strategy for the Greater London area in the United Kingdom that is written by the Mayor of London and published by the Greater London Authority. It is updated from time to time.
The regional planning document was first published in final form on 10 February 2004. In addition to minor alterations, it was substantially revised and republished in February 2008 and July 2011. In October 2013, minor alterations were made to the plan to comply with the National Planning Policy Framework and other changes in national policy.
The London Plan of March 2016 was published, and amended in January 2017 (for typsetting corrections), with a formal end-date of 2036.
In March 2021 a new London Plan was adopted by the Greater London Authority, planning for the next 20–25 years.

## Mandate

The plan replaced the previous strategic planning guidance, or Regional Planning Guidance (RPG), for London issued by the Secretary of State and known as RPG3. It is a requirement of the Greater London Authority Act 1999 that the document is produced and that it deals only with matters that are of strategic importance to Greater London. The Act also requires that the London Plan includes in its scope:
* the health of Londoners,
* equality of opportunity,
* contribution to sustainable development in the United Kingdom.

## Objectives

The plan is a spatial development strategy for the Greater London area and has six objectives.
The original 2004 objectives were:
   * To accommodate London's growth within its boundaries without encroaching on open spaces
   * To make London a better city for people to live in
   * To make London a more prosperous city with strong and diverse economic growth
   * To promote social inclusion and tackle deprivation and discrimination
   * To improve London's accessibility
   * To make London a more attractive, well-designed and green city
The objectives were updated in 2008 following the Greater London Authority Act 2007:
   * To accommodate London's growth within its boundaries without encroaching on open spaces
   * To make London a healthier and better city for people to live in
   * To make London a more prosperous city with strong and diverse long term economic growth
   * To promote social inclusion and tackle deprivation and discrimination
   * To improve London's accessibility
   * To make London an exemplary world city in mitigating and adapting to climate change and a more attractive, well-designed and green city
The objectives as adopted by the 2011 and 2016 revisions are to ensure that London is:
   * a city that meets the challenges of economic and population growth
   * an internationally competitive and successful city
   * a city of diverse, strong, secure and accessible neighbourhoods
   * a city that delights the senses
   * a city that becomes a world leader in improving the environment
   * a city where it is easy, safe and convenient for everyone to access jobs, opportunities and facilities
The objectives as adopted of the 2021 London plan, are to ensure that London is:
   * Making the Best Use of Land: To promote the efficient use of land and to meet the needs of a growing population within the finite boundaries of the city.
   * Building Strong and Inclusive Communities: To foster social integration, community engagement, and to ensure that all Londoners have access to quality services and amenities.
   * Creating a Healthy City: To improve the health and well-being of Londoners by addressing environmental and health inequalities.
   * Delivering the Homes Londoners Need: To increase the supply of affordable housing and to cater to the diverse housing needs of the city’s residents.
   * Growing a Good Economy: To create opportunities for all Londoners and to ensure that the city’s economy is robust, diverse, and inclusive.
   * Increasing Efficiency and Resilience: To make London more resilient to the challenges of climate change and to increase the efficiency of the city’s infrastructure.

## Policies

The 2021 plan had chapters:
| Chapter | Title | Summary |
| 1 | Planning London’s Future - Good Growth | Focuses on building inclusive communities, making efficient use of land, fostering a healthy city, providing necessary homes, growing the economy, and increasing resilience. |
| 2 | Spatial Development Patterns | Opportunity areas, Strategic Development, Growth Locations, The Central Activities Zone, Town Centres, Sutton Link, and Local Regeneration, |
| 3 | Design | London’s Character, Sustainable Infrastructure, Site Capacity Optimisation, Inclusive Design, and various design policies including tall buildings and public realm. |
| 4 | Housing | Increase Housing Supply, Affordable Housing, Specialised Accommodations (elderly & Student). |
| 5 | Social Infrastructure | Social Infrastructure, including healthcare and social care facilities, education, play areas, sports facilities, public toilets, and burial space. |
| 6 | Economy | Office Space, Business Space, Affordable Workspace, Industrial Locations, Sector Growth, Retail, and skills development. |
| 7 | Heritage and Culture | Heritage Conservation, World Heritage Sites, strategic views, culture and creative industries, the night-time economy, and protecting public houses. |
| 8 | Green Infrastructure and Natural Environment | Green infrastructure, the Green Belt, open spaces, urban greening, biodiversity, trees, food growing, and geodiversity. |
| 9 | Sustainable Infrastructure | Air Quality, Minimising Emissions, energy infrastructure, heat risk management, water infrastructure, digital connectivity, waste management, and waterways protection. |
| 10 | Transport | Sutton Link, Strategic Transport, Healthy Streets and Active Travel, Transport Infrastructure, Sustainable Transport Funding |
| 11 | Funding the London Plan | Plan Implementation, Financial Obligations, Investment Coordination, Resource Allocation |
| 12 | Monitoring | Performance Tracking, Policy Impact Assessment, Adaptive Strategies, Reporting and Transparency |
| Annex 1 | Town Centre Network | Classifies London’s larger town centres into five categories: International, Metropolitan, Major and District centres, as well as CAZ retail clusters. |
| Annex 2 | Inner and Outer London Boroughs | Map of CAZ, Inner, and Outer London |
| Annex 3 | Glossary | |

### Opportunity areas

Opportunity Areas in the London Plan 2021 are designated for significant development, aimed at supporting new housing, commercial ventures, and infrastructure improvements. These areas are linked to existing or planned public transport enhancements and are expected to support a minimum of 5,000 new jobs or 2,500 homes, or a combination thereof. Boroughs use these figures as starting points for policy development and refine them through further assessment. Overlapping with Strategic Areas for Regeneration, Opportunity Areas are intended to support city-wide inclusive growth. The Mayor’s role includes ensuring these areas reach their full potential, advocating for investment, and overseeing development that respects the area’s character. Opportunity Area Planning Frameworks guide the initial stages of development, emphasising job creation, housing, transport, and service access, with a collaborative approach involving local communities and stakeholders.

### Sub-regions

For the purposes of the plan, London is divided into five sub-regions. From 2004 to 2008 the sub-regions were initially the same as the Learning and Skills Council areas established in 1999. Within this scheme there was a separate Central sub-region and four others around it. The London part of the Thames Gateway zone was entirely contained within the East London sub-region. The 2004–08 sub-regions each had a Sub-Regional Development Framework.
The sub-regions were revised in February 2008 as part of the Further Alterations to the London Plan. These sub-regions each radiated from the centre to combine inner and outer London boroughs. The 2008–11 sub-regions, each had its own Sub Regional Implementation Framework.
In 2011 the sub-regions were revised again. A smaller Central sub-region was reintroduced, the South sub-region was reintroduced, and all boroughs in the Thames Gateway were returned to the East sub-region. The 2011 sub-regions are maintained in the 2016 London Plan.
Throughout these revisions has been a separately defined Central Activities Zone which includes areas with a very high concentration of metropolitan activities.

### Activity centres

The London Plan identifies 201 activity centres in the city. All activity centres are categorised into:
* 2 international centres, the West End and Knightsbridge.
* 14 metropolitan centres such as Sutton, Kingston, Bromley, Ealing, Stratford, and Canary Wharf
* 36 major centres such as Brixton, Dalston, Eltham and Kilburn
* 149 district centres such as Camberwell, West Hampstead and Whitechapel.
Smaller local and neighbourhood centres are also referred to in the plan but are not listed.
| International centres (2) | Knightsbridge, West End |
| Metropolitan centres (14) | Bromley, Canary Wharf, Croydon, Ealing, Harrow, Hounslow, Ilford, Kingston, Romford, Shepherd's Bush, Stratford, Sutton, Uxbridge, Wood Green |
| Major centres (36) | Angel, Barking, Bexleyheath, Brixton, Camden Town, Canada Water, Catford, Chiswick, Clapham Junction, Dalston, East Ham, Edgware, Elephant and Castle/Walworth Road, Eltham, Enfield Town, Fulham, Hackney Central, Hammersmith, Kensington High Street, Kilburn, King's Road (East), Lewisham, Nag's Head, Orpington, Peckham, Putney, Queensway/Westbourne Grove, Richmond, Southall, Streatham, Tooting, Walthamstow, Wandsworth, Wembley, Wimbledon, Woolwich |
| District centres (149) | Acton, Addiscombe, Angel Edmonton, Archway, Bakers Arms, Balham, Barkingside, Beckenham, Bethnal Green, Blackheath, Brent Street, Brentford, Brick Lane, Brompton Cross, Bruce Grove/Tottenham High Road, Burnt Oak, Camberwell, Canning Town, Carshalton Village, Chadwell Heath, Cheam Village, Chipping Barnet, Chrisp Street, Church End Finchley, Clapham High Street, Colindale/The Hyde, Collier Row, Coulsdon, Crayford, Cricklewood, Crouch End, Dagenham Heathway, Deptford, Downham, Dulwich – Lordship Lane, Ealing Road, Earls Court Road, Earlsfield, East Beckton, East Finchley, East Greenwich, East Sheen, Eastcote, Edgware Road/Church Street, Edmonton Green, Elm Park, Erith, Feltham High Street, Finsbury Park, Forest Gate, Forest Hill, Fulham Road, Gants Hill, Golders Green, Green Lane, Green Lanes, Green Street, Greenford, Greenwich West, Hampstead, Hanwell, Harlesden, Harold Hill, Harrow Road, Hayes, Hendon Central, Herne Hill, Highams Park, Hornchurch, Kentish Town, Kenton, King's Road (West), Kingsbury, Lavender Hill/Queenstown Road, Lee Green, Leyton, Leytonstone, Mill Hill, Mitcham, Morden, Muswell Hill, Neasden, New Addington, New Barnet, New Cross and New Cross Gate, New Malden, Norbury, North Cheam, North Chingford, North Finchley, North Harrow, Northwood, Notting Hill Gate, Palmers Green, Penge, Petts Wood, Pinner, Plumstead, Portobello, Praed Street/Paddington, Preston Road, Purley, Rainham, Rayners Lane, Roman Road (East), Roman Road (West), Rosehill, Ruislip, St John's Wood, Selsdon, Sidcup, South Chingford, South Harrow, South Kensington, South Norwood, South Woodford, Southgate, Stamford Hill, Stanmore, Stockwell, Stoke Newington, Surbiton, Swiss Cottage/Finchley Road, Sydenham, Teddington, Temple Fortune, Thamesmead, Thornton Heath, Tolworth, Twickenham, Upminster, Upper Norwood/Crystal Palace, Wallington, Wanstead, Watney Market, Wealdstone, Welling, Wembley Park, West Green Road/Seven Sisters, West Hampstead, West Norwood/Tulse Hill, West Wickham, Whetstone, Whitechapel, Whitton, Willesden Green, Wood Street, Worcester Park, Yiewsley/West Drayton |

## Alterations

There have been a number of amendments to the London Plan which have been incorporated into the current version that was published in February 2008. Early alterations were made covering housing provision targets, waste and minerals. Further alterations to the plan covered climate change; London as a world city; The London Economy; Housing; Tackling social exclusion; Transport; London's geography, the sub-regions and inter-regions; Outer London; Liveability (including safety, security and open spaces); and the 2012 Olympic Games and Paralympic Games. The mayor gained new statutory powers following the Greater London Authority Act 2007.
Following the 2008 change of mayor, a new review was initiated in July 2008 and a new London Plan published in July 2011. As of this date, modifications are made to fully comply with the National Planning Policy Framework.
In 2013, London Mayor Boris Johnson proposed early minor alterations to the London Plan that were aimed at preventing boroughs from setting rent caps or targets for affordable rented homes in their local development frameworks. The alterations were approved in a vote by the London Assembly in September 2013.
Alterations made since July 2011 were consolidated in the London Plan of March 2016, which re-published with typsetting corrections in January 2017.
Following the 2016 change of mayor, London Mayor Sadiq Khan outlined proposals towards creating a new London Plan. A draft version was published in December 2017, with the final version formally coming into effect on 2 March 2021.
| Date | Document |
| February 2004 | The London Plan 2004 |
| October 2005 | Draft Alterations to the London Plan: Housing Provision Targets Waste and Minerals |
| December 2005 | Reviewing the London Plan: Statement of Intent from the Mayor |
| September 2006 | Draft Further Alterations to the London Plan |
| December 2006 | Early Alterations to the London Plan on Housing provision targets, waste and minerals |
| February 2008 | The London Plan 2008 |
| July 2008 | Planning for a better London |
| April 2009 | A new plan for London: Proposals for the Mayor's London Plan |
| October 2009 | The London Plan: Consultation draft replacement plan |
| December 2009 | Minor alteration to the consultation draft replacement London Plan |
| April 2010 | Crossrail Alterations |
| July 2011 | The London Plan 2011 |
| February 2012 | Early Minor Alterations to the London Plan |
| October 2013 | Revised Early Minor Alterations to the London Plan |
| March 2015 | Further Alterations to the London Plan |
| March 2016 (typsetting corrections January 2017) | The London Plan 2016 |
| December 2017 | Draft version of the updated London Plan released for consultation |
| August 2018 | Minor changes published |
| March 2021 | The London Plan 2021 |
* 1 2 3 4 5 Short title.