OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Whitwell Elwin

Whitwell Elwin (26 February 1816 – 1 January 1900) was an English clergyman, critic and editor of the Quarterly Review.

## Life

He was the son of Marsham Elwin, a country gentleman of Thurning, Norfolk, Whitwell Elwin studied at Caius College, Cambridge, and took holy orders in 1840. He was Rector of Booton, Norfolk from 1849 until his death. There he rebuilt St Michael the Archangel's Church to his own design.

## Works

Elwin was an important contributor to the Quarterly Review, of which he was editor from 1853 until 1860.
He undertook to complete John Wilson Croker's edition of Alexander Pope, and brought out five volumes, when he dropped it, leaving it to be finished by William John Courthope. As an editor he was extremely autocratic, and on all subjects had pronounced opinions, and often singular likes and dislikes.
The Quarterly Review was published by John Murray, who on 1 April 1859 agreed to publish Charles Darwin's book An abstract of an Essay on the Origin of Species and Varieties Through natural selection, without even seeing the manuscript. When the first three chapters were sent to Murray, he cautiously asked Elwin to review them. Elwin was initially opposed to publication of this book on evolution, but after consulting Darwin's colleague Charles Lyell, Elwin felt that for Darwin "to put forth the theory without the evidence would do grievous injustice to his views, & to his twenty years of observation & experiment. At every page I was tantalised by the absence of the proofs. All kinds of objections, & possibilities rose up in the mind, & it was fretting to think that the author had a whole array of facts, & inferences from the facts, absolutely essential to the decision of the question which were not before the reader." He recommended Lyell's suggestion that, to gain public agreement, rather than "put forth the theory without the evidence", the book should focus on observations upon pigeons, briefly stating how these illustrated Darwin's general principles and preparing the way for Darwin's larger work Natural Selection which was expected to follow soon: "Every body is interested in pigeons." Darwin responded that this was impractical, and his book retitled as On the Origin of Species was published on Thursday 24 November 1859.
# Teiglach

Teiglach /ˈteɪɡləx/, also spelled taiglach or teglach (Yiddish: טייגלעך, singular teigel, literally "little dough") are small, knotted pastries boiled in a honeyed syrup. They are a traditional Ashkenazi Jewish treat for Rosh Hashana, Sukkot, Simchat Torah, and Purim.

## History

Teiglach date back to the times of the Romans who made strips of fried dough in honey called vermiculi. Italian Jews adopted the dish but it disappeared from their repertoire in the Middle Ages. In the 12th century Franco-German rabbis mentioned eating a dish of fried or baked strips of dough covered in honey called vermesel or verimlish at the beginning of the Sabbath meal. The name went through changes, being called gremsel and then chremsel in Eastern Europe. It is popular on Rosh Hashanah, when it is traditional to eat sweet foods made with honey to usher in a sweet new year.
# Peter Simpson (anaesthetist)

Sir Peter Jeffery Simpson (born 17 December 1946) is an English anaesthetist who was the President of the Royal College of Anaesthetists from 2003 to 2006. He was knighted in June 2006 for his services to the National Health Service.
# Ługowa Wola

Ługowa Wola is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Policzna, within Zwoleń County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.
# Elopak

Elopak is a Norwegian company producing cartons for liquids, starting with aseptic gable top cartons for milk. The company was founded in 1957 by Johan Henrik Andresen and Christian August Johansen as a European licensee of Pure-Pak, the Elopak name standing for European License Of PURE-PAK. In 1987, Elopak bought the Ex-Cell-O Packaging Systems Division from which it was originally a licensee, and hence got full ownership of Pure-Pak.
The CEO of the company was Bjørn Flatgård from 1996 until his resignation in 2007. The current CEO is Thomas Körmendi. Körmendi joined the company in 2018.
In 2003 the company had some 2500 employees and a revenue of about 4 billion Norwegian Kroner, and is the world's third largest supplier of packaging for beverages.
All production now takes place outside Norway. It is instead produced in Finland. The company's headquarters are in Spikkestad.
The company is currently owned by the investment company Ferd AS.
# Pavel Andreyevich Mironov

Pavel Andreyevich Mironov (Russian: Павел Андреевич Миронов; 12 December 1919 – 26 April 1945) was a Red Army Junior Lieutenant and a posthumous Hero of the Soviet Union. Mironov was awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union and the Order of Lenin for actions during the Bratislava-Brno Offensive.

## Early life

Pavel Andreyevich Mironov was born on 12 December 1919 in the village of Russkiye Sarsazy in Chistopolsky Uyezd of Kazan Governorate to a family of peasants. He graduated from seven classes and the factory training school in Chistopol. Mironov worked as an assistant mechanic with the Kama River Shipping Company.

## World War II

In October 1939, Mironov was drafted into the Red Army. In 1942, he was in combat and graduated from the junior lieutenant's courses. By April 1945, Mironov was an anti-tank gun platoon commander in the 33rd Guards Cavalry Regiment of the 8th Guards Cavalry Division. He fought in the Bratislava–Brno Offensive. On 26 April 1945, northwest of Brno, his platoon reportedly destroyed a tank, four armored personnel carriers and two artillery pieces. Reportedly, they also killed 50 German soldiers with machine guns. Mironov was killed during this action and was buried in the Brno Central Cemetery. He was awarded the Order of the Patriotic War 2nd class on 23 May. On 15 May 1946, he was awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union and the Order of Lenin.

## Legacy

A street in Chistopol and a ship of the Kama River Shipping Company are named after Mironov.
# Pazhavanthangal railway station

Pazhavanthangal railway station is one of the railway stations of the Chennai Beach–Chengelpet section of the Chennai Suburban Railway Network. It serves the neighbourhood of Pazhavanthangal and surrounding areas. It is situated about 18 km (11 mi) from Chennai Beach, and has an elevation of 12 m (39 ft) above sea level.

## History

Pazhavanthangal railway station lies on the Madras Beach—Tambaram suburban section of the Chennai Suburban Railway, which was opened to traffic on 11 May 1931. The tracks were electrified on 15 November 1931. The section was converted to 25 kV AC traction on 15 January 1967.

## The station
### Platforms

There are a total of 4 platforms and 4 tracks. The platforms are connected by foot overbridge. These platforms are built to accumulate 24 coaches express train. The platforms are equipped with modern facility like display board of arrival and departure of trains.

### Station layout

| G | Street level | Exit/Entrance & ticket counter |
| P1 | FOB, Side platform | Doors will open on the left | FOB, Side platform | Doors will open on the left |
| P1 | Platform 1 | Towards → Chennai Beach Next Station: St. Thomas Mount |
| FOB, Island platform | P1 Doors will open on the left/right | P2 Doors will open on the right | |
| P1 | Platform 2 | Towards ← Tambaram / Chengalpattu Jn / Villuppuram Jn Next Station: Meenambakkam |
| P1 | Platform 3 | Towards → Chennai Egmore |
| FOB, Island platform | P3 and P4 | (Express Lines) | |
| P1 | Platform 4 | Towards ← Chengalpattu Junction |
| P1 | | |
# Khushikat

Khushikat (Tajik: Хушекат Khushekat) is a village in Sughd Region, northern Tajikistan. It is part of the jamoat Ayni in the Ayni District. It is located near an important interchange between the north–south M34 highway and the east–west RB12 highway.
# Ryo Chun-sok

Ryo Chun-seok (Korean: 려춘석; 10 July 1931 – 26 August 2018) was a North Korean military officer and politician. Ryo was a general of the Korean People's Army, President of the Kim Il Sung Military University and a member of the Central Committee of the Party. He was delegate to the 12th convocation of the Supreme People's Assembly.

## Biography

In September 1975, he served as Chief of Staff of the 5th Corps as the rank of the Major General of the Korean People's Army, and was elected to the party's Central Committee candidate member in October 1980. In December 1984, he was appointed Lieutenant General of the People's Army to become the 4th Corps commander. In April 1992, he was promoted, and was appointed to the 7th Army Corps Commander in October 1994.
In November 1997, he became Vice-Minister of the Ministry of People's Armed Forces, and in September 1998. In April 2002, he was promoted to Army General. Since February 2008, he has served as president of the Kim Il Sung Military University. In September 2010, he was elected to the Central Committee of the Workers' Party of Korea.
Chun-sok died on 26 August 2018, at the age of 87. His death wasn't made public until September 2024.
# Anfesta

Anfesta stankovskii is a tri-radially symmetrical fossil animal that lived in the late Ediacaran (Vendian) seafloor. It is a member of the extinct group Trilobozoa.

## Etymology

The generic and specific names of the Anfesta stankovskii honour the Arkhangel'sk geologist Anatoliy F. Stankovskii.

## Occurrence

Fossils of Anfesta stankovskii are known from deposits of the Verkhovka and Yorga formations on the Karakhta River in Onega Peninsula and Zimnii Bereg (Winter Coast) of the White Sea, Arkhangelsk Region, Russia.

## Description

Anfesta represents a flattened, hemispherical form with three-fold symmetry. At the centre of the organism, 3 elongate and sausage-like ridges radiate from the centre and are put away from each other by 120 degrees and make the animal always divisible into 3 parts and the ridges becoming rounded at both edges. The same ridges bifurcate twice near both of their ends. In some specimens of A. stankovskii, a large amount of furrows (originally interpreted as tentacles) appear and make Anfesta look similar in anatomy to Albumares and Skinnera (Mostly Albumares). The diameter of Anfesta is thought to 18 cm (7.1 in), with the length of the ridges reaching up to 5 mm (0.20 in), and with the width of them being up to 1.3 mm (0.051 in).

### Reconstruction and affinity

Anfesta was originally described by Mikhail Fedonkin as a free-swimming scyphozoa-like medusa. The branched furrows on the fossil were interpreted as imprints of a system of internal radial canals, and the three oval ridges as imprints of gonads.
A year later, Fedonkin transferred such fossil animals as Anfesta, Albumares and Tribrachidium to the separate group Trilobozoa, populated by three-lobed, radially symmetric, coelenterate-grade animals that only superficially resemble cnidarians. Originally, Trilobozoa was established as a class within the phylum Coelenterata, but since Coelenterata was divided into separate phyla - Cnidaria and Ctenophora - the Trilobozoa have been transferred to rank of phylum.
According to the latest research, Anfesta was a soft-bodied benthic organism that temporarily attached (but did not adhere) to the substrate of its habitat (microbial mats). This fossil is an imprint of the upper side of the animal body, with some elements of its external and internal anatomy visible to the naked eye. The branched furrows on the fossil are imprints of radial grooves on the animal's surface, while the three central ridges are imprints of cavities within the body. Presumably, this system of grooves and cavities could be related to the collection and digestion of food particles.
# Oteng Oteng

Oteng Oteng (born 9 January 1990) is an amateur boxer from Botswana who qualified for the 2012 Olympics. He was born in Mookane.
At the 2010 Commonwealth Games in Delhi he lost to Benson Gicharu Njangiru in the semifinal and won bronze.
At the 2011 All-Africa Games he won the rematch and the Flyweight title but at the 2011 World Amateur Boxing Championships he lost his second bout to eventual winner Misha Aloyan.
He also won the 2012 African Boxing Olympic Qualification Tournament.
At the 2012 Summer Olympics, Oteng was defeated by Puerto Rican Jeyvier Cintrón in the first round with a score of 14–12.
At the 2014 Commonwealth Games, he lost 0-3 to Reece McFadden in the quarterfinal of the men's flyweight.
# Łukowo, Masovian Voivodeship

Łukowo is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Karniewo, within Maków County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.
# Pierre Dumonstier I

Pierre Dumonstier I (c. 1545 – c. 1610) was a French artist, notable as one of the masters of drawn portraiture of his period.

## Life

Pierre was the son of Geoffroy Dumonstier (died 1573), master painter illuminator to Francis I of France and Henry II of France. Pierre's brothers Étienne (c. 1540 – 1603) and Cosme (died 1605) were also artists – Catherine de Medici sent Étienne to Vienna to serve Maximilian II, whilst Cosme became painter to Marguerite de Navarre. Étienne's son Pierre and Cosme's illegitimate son Daniel also became artists.
Pierre I accompanied Étienne to Vienna in 1569 and there produced several portraits of him. Pierre was forced to enter Catherine de Medici shortly after Étienne, but his name only figures for the first time in the records of her court in 1583. Unlike his brother, he was not taken on by Henry IV of France, since in his will he always refers to himself as "painter and 'valet de feue' to the Queen Mother". He was then living in Paris on rue du Temple and left no issue.
Louis Dimier gathered 65 drawings in Pierre I's hand, mainly portraits of Étienne and Armand de Gontaut-Biron, inscribed "By Pierre Dumonstier for Daniel Dumonstier" (Musée Bonnat, Bayonne).

## Works
### Hermitage

* seven signed works.
* Double Portrait of Étienne and Pierre Dumoustier (c 1570, black chalk)
* Portrait of a woman (1570–1580, black and red chalk and pastel on brown paper)
* Portrait of Marguerite de Valois (? 1570–1580, black and red chalk and pastel on brown paper)
* Portrait of Étienne Dumoustier (c. 1570, black and red chalk, with some pastel)
* Portrait of a man (black chalk and pastel)
* Portrait of a young man (black and red chalk and pastel on brown paper)
* Portrait of a commander of the Spanish garrison (black chalk)
* Portrait of a man (1570–1575), oil

### Other

* Portrait of a boy (c. 1610, oil on panel, John-Paul II Collection Museum, Warsaw)
* Portrait of Bernard de Nogaret de La Valette (c 1584, black and red chalk and watercolour; sold in Paris on 7 December 2015 and reproduced in colour in "La Gazette de l'Hôtel Drouot")
# Jared Heine

Jared J. Heine (born September 6, 1984) is an American-Marshallese swimmer, who specialized in backstroke events. He acquired a dual citizenship to participate internationally for the Marshall Islands at the 2008 Summer Olympics, placing himself among the top 45 swimmers in the 100 m backstroke.
Heine was one of the five athletes to mark an Olympic debut for the Marshall Islands at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, competing in the men's 100 m backstroke. He cleared a minute barrier to finish the opening heat with a lifetime bodysuit best of 58.86 for a third-place finish and forty-third overall on the evening prelims, failing to advance to the semifinals.
Heine is an information science graduate at the Florida State University in Tallahassee, Florida, and a member and senior coach of Kamehameha Swim Club in his hometown Honolulu.
# Catherine E. Greene

Catherine Greene (born 1960) is an Irish figurative sculptor.

## Biography

Catherine Greene was born in 1960 in Ballinasloe, County Galway though she now works in Castledermot, County Kildare. She completed her initial degree in sculpture from National College of Art and Design in 1984. Greene went on to lecture in the 1980s. Greene is known for working in both bronze and mixed media. Her piece, 'Portal', stands outside the UCD Sutherland School of Law who commissioned it.
Greene has had numerous solo exhibitions in Dublin as well as taken part in group exhibitions in Ireland and the United Kingdom. Greene has also been the artist in residence at the Centre Culturel Irlandaise, Paris. One of her pieces 'Christ on the Cross' is the centerpiece of the Basilica of Our Lady of the Rosary (Fátima) in Portugal.

## Sources

* ↑ "UCD Sculpture Trail". University Observer.
* ↑ Hoban, Vincent; Greene, Catherine (13 February 2020). "Portal".
* ↑ "Catherine Greene's Exhibition at The City Assembly House". DublinTown.
* ↑ McGarry, Patsy. "Irish sculpture to adorn Fatima". The Irish Times.
* ↑ Farrell, Carissa. "Body and Soul". www.irishartsreview.com.
* ↑ McCormick, Penny (4 May 2022). "Artistic License: Catherine Greene". The Gloss Magazine.
* ↑ "Catherine Greene artist". Gormleys Fine Art.
# Kraskovo

Kraskovo (Russian: Красково) is the name of several inhabited localities in Russia.

## Rural localities

* Kraskovo, Ivanovo Oblast, a village in Gavrilovo-Posadsky District of Ivanovo Oblast
* Kraskovo, Kostroma Oblast, a village in Manturovsky District of Kostroma Oblast
* Kraskovo, name of several other rural localities
# James Heartfield

James Heartfield (born 1961) is a British lecturer and historian.

## Life

Heartfield has written books on the history of the British Empire, including The British and Foreign Anti-Slavery Society (2016) and The Blood-Stained Poppy: A critique of the politics of commemoration (2019). Heartfield has written for ArtReview, Blueprint, Spiked Online, and the Times Education Supplement. His Ph.D. thesis (awarded by the University of Westminster) was published as The European Union and the End of Politics, in 2013.
In May 2006, with Julia Svetlichnaja, he interviewed the Russian dissident Alexander Litvinenko. Heartfield worked as a vaccinator during the COVID-19 pandemic.

## Politics

In 2002 he helped set up the Audacity campaign for more house-building. Heartfield stood as a candidate for the Brexit Party in the 2019 European Parliament election in the United Kingdom for Yorkshire and the Humber but did not gain a seat.

## Personal life

He lives in north London and is married with two daughters.

## Publications

* Britain's Empires: A History, 1600–2020 London, Anthem Press, 2022
* The Blood-Stained Poppy: A critique of the politics of commemoration London, Zer0 Books, 2019
* The Equal Opportunities Revolution London, Repeater Books, 2017
* The British and Foreign Anti-Slavery Society London Hurst Books/Oxford University Press, 2016
* Who's Afraid of the Easter Rising? (with Kevin Rooney), London Zer0, Books, 2015
* The European Union and the End of Politics London, Zer0 Books, 2013
* British Workers & the US Civil War London, Reverspective, 2013
* Unpatriotic History of the Second World War London, Zer0 Books, 2012
* The Aborigines' Protection Society: Humanitarian Imperialism in Australia, New Zealand, Fiji, Canada, South Africa, and the Congo, 1836–1909 Hurst (London), and Columbia University Press (New York), 2011
* Green Capitalism: manufacturing scarcity in an age of abundance, Openmute, 2008
* Let's Build! Why we need Five Million Homes in the next 10 Years (Audacity, 2006)
* Escape the Creative Ghetto, with Chris Powell, NESTA, 2006
* Creativity Gap Blueprint, 2005
* The "Death of the Subject" Explained Sheffield Hallam University Press, 2002
* Great Expectations: the creative industries in the New Economy London, Design Agenda, 2000
* Need and Desire in the Post-material Economy Sheffield Hallam University Press, 1998
* Sustaining Architecture in the Anti-Machine Ageco-editor with Ian Abley, London, John Wiley, 2002.
# Charles Nwoye

Charles Nwoye (born August 10, 1996) is a former professional Canadian football defensive end. He was drafted by the BC Lions 49th overall in the 2019 CFL Draft. He signed with the Lions during May 2019 and made his professional debut in a preseason game against the Edmonton Eskimos in the same month.
He played U Sports football with the UBC Thunderbirds from 2015 to 2018, where he was one of the members of the 51st Vanier Cup championship team in 2015.
Nwoye retired from football on June 15, 2021.
# Tõnismägi

Tõnismägi (Estonian for "St. Anthony's Hill") is a 36-metre high hillock adjacent to Toompea hill in Tallinn, Estonia.
From 1945 to 1996 the central portion of the hillock was called Liberators' Square (Estonian: Vabastajate väljak). The place became internationally known in 2007 when the Estonian government relocated a Soviet war memorial known as the Bronze Soldier. Tõnismäe (genitive of Tõnismägi) is also a subdistrict (asum) in the district of Kesklinn (Town Centre) with a population of 1,404 (As of 1 January 2014).

## History

According to archaeological excavations, an oak forest grew on the hillock and its surrounding area in the first millennium. The hill has been dug lower several times during the centuries, thus leaving less material to be found by excavations, but some researchers believe that the area has been inhabited since the 12th or 13th century. First mention of Tõnismägi in writing is from 1348, when the town council of Tallinn gave the area to the Livonian Brothers of the Sword.
The history of Tõnismägi has always been related to religion. The oak forest was probably a sacred place for Estonians, but before year 1348, a chapel for St. Anthony was built on the hill, accompanied by a cemetery. The chapel and cemetery were probably destroyed around 1570–1571 or 1577 during the Livonian War. After the Livonian War several streets were built in the area.
In 1670, the first Kaarli Church (Charles's Church) was built here, named after the Swedish king Charles XI. The wooden church was for Estonians and local Finns. That church was burned down during the Great Northern War in August 1710. The short-lived second church was built in the 19th century, but was torn down when the third Kaarli church was built in 1870.
On 25 September 1944, remains of two Soviet soldiers were buried at the center of the hill. Additional remains were reburied there in April 1945. After the burial of the Red Army soldiers on Tõnismägi the square was named Liberators' Square on 12 June 1945. A memorial monument was ordered from architect Arnold Alas and unveiled on 22 September 1947, its central part being a bronze statue by sculptor Enn Roos. In 1964, an eternal flame was added. In April 2007, the statue was relocated from Tõnismägi to the cemetery of the Estonian Defence Forces and a reburial process initiated. (See Bronze Soldier of Tallinn.)

## Gallery

* The third Kaarli church
* Roosikrantsi street