OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Charles George Bonner

Charles George Bonner VC, DSC (29 December 1884 – 7 February 1951) was an English recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces.
On 8 August 1917 in the Bay of Biscay, Atlantic, Lieutenant Bonner, now a lieutenant in the Royal Naval Reserve, was with HMS Dunraven (one of the 'Q' or 'mystery' ships playing the part of an unobservant merchantman) when she was shelled by an enemy submarine. The lieutenant was in the thick of the fighting and throughout the whole of the action his pluck and determination had a considerable influence on the crew. For his actions, Bonner was awarded the Victoria Cross. Ernest Herbert Pitcher also received the Victoria Cross for his involvement.
He later achieved the rank of captain in the Merchant Navy.

## Memorials

Bonner, who died at home in Edinburgh in 1951 aged 66, was cremated at Warriston Crematorium. His ashes were buried in St Mary's Churchyard, Aldridge, his birthplace, in the West Midlands.
In November 2007, a commemorative plaque to Captain Bonner was unveiled in Aldridge, where his life, bravery and achievements are specifically celebrated in the annual Remembrance Day parade.
In December 2009, a memorial plaque to Bonner and two other recipients of the Victoria Cross, James Thompson and John Henry Carless, was unveiled at the Town Hall in Walsall, England.
# Paul Matthijs

Paul Matthijs (born 5 October 1976) is a Dutch professional football manager and former player who is the head coach of Vierde Divisie club Be Quick 1887.

## Playing career

Matthijs started his football career with VV Actief, before joining FC Groningen. On 20 August 1997, Matthijs made his debut against FC Volendam as a substitute in the 80th minute. Then, he was only 20 years old. After three seasons playing regularly for FC Groningen, AZ Alkmaar signed him. His time at AZ was not successful, and after a disappointing season, he returned to Groningen. In the 2005–06 Eredivisie season, he also reached European football with his side. He left Groningen in 2009 to join Eerste Divisie team BV Veendam.
On 6 May 2010 Matthijs signed a contract for FC Edmonton, a new club preparing to enter the North American second division in 2011. After playing for the team during its 2010 exhibition season he signed a new contract with Edmonton for the 2011 season, its first in the North American Soccer League, on 28 February 2011. He made his debut for Edmonton on 7 May 2011, in a game against the Atlanta Silverbacks. The club released Matthijis on 12 October 2011 after the conclusion of the 2011 season.

## Coaching career

Matthijs became a youth coach for Groningen after retiring from playing, coaching various youth levels between 2013 and 2022. As coach of the under-17 team, he led them to the national title in 2019.
On 1 February 2023, Matthijs was appointed manager of Vierde Divisie club Be Quick 1887, starting from the 2023–24 season.
# Eugenio Brunetta d'Usseaux

Eugenio Brunetta d'Usseaux (14 December 1857 – 8 January 1919) was an Italian nobleman and member of the International Olympic Committee.

## Early life

Eugenio Brunetta d'Usseaux was born on the 14 December 1857, in Vercelli, and was educated in Turin. His father, the count Carlo Augusto Brunetta of Usseaux was a high-ranking official of the Royal Sardinian Army, headquartered in the same city. His mother, Carolyne Mattone of Benevello, also came from an Italian noble family, and was related to the family Valperga since seven centuries before.
At the end of his studies in the exclusive Nobles College located in the modern Academy of Science of Turin, Brunetta married Caterine di Zeyffat, a landowner of enormous plots in Ukraine, whose family had close ties to the Imperial family. The couple lived in Torino and in Paris.

## Sports

After the early death of his wife began devoting himself to sports organizing. Himself an active rower and rider, the count was very interested in sports, and was in Paris that he met with Baron Pierre de Coubertin interested to him, for the reinstatement of the Olympic Games. His engagement for the sports (ideals) was so very close to him, that in 1897 Brunetta d'Usseaux become member of the International Olympic Committee (IOC), which he remained until his death, as general secretary since 1908. Till the 21st century, he was the only Italian person recovering this charge.
He succeeded in bringing the 1908 Summer Olympics to Rome, but Italy had to forfeit the organization of the Olympics in 1906, due to financial and organisational problems. The 1908 Games were held in London instead. That same year, Brunetta d'Usseaux was appointed secretary of the IOC. In this position, he tried to get winter sports on the Olympic programme, and suggested to have a separate winter sports week attached to the 1912 Summer Olympics in Stockholm. This was opposed by the Swedish organizers, but Brunetta d'Usseaux managed to get a winter sports week scheduled for 1916. Due to World War I, these Olympics were never organized.

## Death

The count died, under unclear circumstances, in France in 1919, and would not live to see the first Winter Olympic Games in 1924, maybe in Nice. At that time, he would to come in Russia for acknowledging the family of his wife, after the start of Russian Revolution.
He was appointed as Bailiff of Honour and Devotion of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta.
# Norashen, Aragatsotn

40°39′29″N 44°04′21″E﻿ / ﻿40.65806°N 44.07250°E﻿ / 40.65806; 44.07250
Norashen (Armenian: Նորաշեն) is a village in the Tsaghkahovit Municipality of the Aragatsotn Province of Armenia.
# Wildfires in 2024

Wildfires in 2024 include:

## Europe

* 2024 Attica wildfires
* 2024 Madeira wildfires
* 2024 Portugal wildfires

## West Asia

* 2024 Turkey wildfires
* 2024 Israel-Lebanon wildfires

## Southern hemisphere

* 2024 South American wildfires
** 2024 Brazil wildfires
** 2024 Chile wildfires
** 2024 Colombia wildfires
** 2024 Peru wildfires
* 2024 Port Hills fire, New Zealand

## Northern hemisphere

* Wildfires in the United States during 2024
** 2024 Arizona wildfires
** 2024 California wildfires
** 2024 Colorado wildfires
** 2024 Florida wildfires
** 2024 Idaho wildfires
** 2024 New Mexico wildfires
** 2024 Northeastern United States wildfires
** 2024 Oregon wildfires
** 2024 Texas wildfires
*** Smokehouse Creek Fire, the largest in Texas history
** 2024 Virginia wildfires
** 2024 Washington wildfires
* 2024 Canada wildfires
* 2024 Russian wildfires
* This wildfire-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Rareș Dumitrescu

Rareș Dumitrescu (Romanian pronunciation:; born 24 December 1983 in Brașov) is a Romanian sabre fencer, World silver medal in 2009. With the Romanian team he was European champion in 2006, World champion in 2009 and Olympic team silver medal in 2012.

## Personal life

Dumitrescu discovered fencing at age ten by circumstance: his mother, a teacher, had a pupil whose father was a fencing coach. He began training at his local club CS Tractorul under Cătălin Albu, who also served as sparring partner in the absence of other sabre fencers in Brașov: the Olympic center was in Iași. He was also frustrated by a lack of money: his parents had to pay for his travel expenses and entrance fees when he began competition. He did not have dedicated fencing shoes either and wore out dozens of ordinary trainers on the piste. The hard training regimen almost made him quit fencing when he was in high school, but he persevered and transferred in 2003 to CS Dinamo București.
Dumitrescu graduated in 2006 from the Faculty of physical education and sport of the Transilvania University of Brașov and earned in 2008 a master's degree in marketing and sport management from the Alexandru Ioan Cuza University in Iași. He married in 2009 his high school girlfriend.

## Career

Dumitrescu earned his first major title in 2005 with a team bronze medal at the European Championships in Zalaegerszeg. In March 2006 he got on the podium for the first time in a World Cup event with a silver medal in Athens. He also won the European Champion Clubs' Cup with CS Dinamo. A few months later he earned a team gold medal at the European Championships in Izmir.
In 2008 Dumitrescu won his first World Cup title in Madrid. He made his Olympic debut in the Beijing Games, but was eliminated in the table of 16 by France's Julien Pillet. He was again tempted to retire because he was tired of commuting between Brașov and Bucharest, but his former teammate Mihai Covaliu, now coach of the national team, persuaded him to go on.
In 2009 he won two World Cup stages in Budapest and Warsaw. He was eliminated early in the individual event of the European Championships in Plovdiv, but took the silver medal with Romania. At the World Championships in Antalya he made his way to the final, where he was defeated by Germany's Nicolas Limbach and took the silver medal. He was noted for his “fighting spirit and his intelligence” as well as his technical progress. In the team event Romania created an upset by beating favourites Germany, France and Hungary to meet Italy in the final. Dumitrescu entered for the last bout on 40–34 for Italy and beat Aldo Montano 11–4 to win Romania their first World gold medal in sabre. Dumitrescu finished the 2008–09 season number two in FIE rankings. For this performance he was granted the title of master emeritus in sport.
At the men's sabre competition at the 2012 Summer Olympics Dumitrescu was beaten in the match for the third place by Nikolay Kovalev and missed the podium, but won a silver medal in the team sabre event. He retired after the Games to become a coach at CS Dinamo.
# Joseph Kelway

Joseph Kelway (also Kellaway, Kellway; c. 1702–1782) was an English organist and harpsichord player, among the most highly regarded in his day.
Kelway was probably born in Chichester. He was the younger brother of the organist Thomas Kelway; he studied with him and with Francesco Geminiani.
In 1734, he succeeded Obadiah Shuttleworth as organist of St Michael, Cornhill in London; in 1736 he resigned this post to succeed John Weldon as organist of St Martin-in-the-Fields, London. Charles Burney wrote that Handel was among the musicians who visited St Martin's to hear him play. Kelway became in 1739 a founding governor of the Royal Society of Musicians.
His pupils included Charles Wesley and Mrs Mary Delaney, and he was appointed harpsichord master to Queen Charlotte at the time of her arrival in England in 1761. Richard, 7th Viscount FitzWilliam was a patron.
Burney wrote that Kelway was "a brilliant harpsichordist", and identified him as "head of the Scarlatti sect", a group of English musicians that championed the music of Domenico Scarlatti as early as 1739, also including Thomas Roseingrave. Kelway, said Burney, "kept Scarlatti's best lessons in constant practice [and] executed the most difficult lessons in a manner peculiarly neat and delicate".
His only notable publication was Six Sonatas for Harpsichord (1764), influenced by Scarlatti. Towards the end of his life, his music went out of fashion: a new style was introduced by Johann Christian Bach, and the pianoforte became fashionable.
# Horastrea

Horastrea is a monotypic genus of stony coral in the family Coscinaraeidae. It is represented by the single species Horastrea indica, the blister coral. It is native to the southwestern Indian Ocean where it is found in shallow water sandy reefs. It was first described by M Pichon in 1971.

## Description

H. indica forms massive solid colonies, usually hemispherical in shape. The individual corallites, the stony cups in which the polyps sit, are plocoid (surrounded by a wall) in smaller colonies, becoming meandroid (several corallites inside a valley) in larger ones. There are three cycles of septa (stony ridges) inside the calyx and these continue as well-developed costae between the corallites. This is a zooxanthellate species containing microscopic symbiotic algae in the tissues which supplement the nutritional needs of the colony. This gives it a generally pale brown appearance, with contrasting oral discs of bluish-grey.

## Distribution and habitat

H. indica is found in the southwestern Indian Ocean, its range extending from Somalia, Kenya, Tanzania and Mozambique to Madagascar, the Comoros, Mayotte, Mauritius, Réunion and the Seychelles. It inhabits sandy reefs at depths of less than 20 m (66 ft).

## Status

H. indica is an uncommon species of coral that was first described in 1971. Like other corals in the southwestern Indian Ocean, it faces threats from global warming, rising sea temperatures and the increasing occurrence of severe weather conditions. Bleaching events occur with rising sea temperatures and the corals become more prone to coral diseases. Ocean acidification affects corals as does increased siltation from human developments and mechanical damage to reefs from fishing activities. Previously assessed as a vulnerable species due to its restricted range and rarity, the International Union for Conservation of Nature reassessed its conservation status as least concern in 2024 based on updated population modelling.
# Regina Beach

Regina Beach is a town in south central Saskatchewan, located on Highway 54, close to where Highway 11 (which connects Saskatoon to Regina) intersects with the Qu'Appelle Valley.
As Regina Beach rests on shores of the south end of Last Mountain Lake, it becomes an active lakeside resort town in summer. To the east is Buena Vista, their boundary marked by 16 Street. About 5.6 kilometres (3.5 mi) south of town in the RM of Lumsden No. 189, is the Regina Beach Airport.

## Regina Beach Recreation Site

Regina Beach Recreation Site (50°47′33″N 104°58′30″W﻿ / ﻿50.79250°N 104.97500°W﻿ / 50.79250; -104.97500) is a provincial recreation site on the western shore of Last Mountain Lake. The park runs along the lake's shore in the town of Regina Beach from Centre Street South to 16 Street. Park amenities include a large sandy beach area, picnic area, beach volleyball courts, children's playground, boat launch, and a fish filleting building. This is no overnight camping.
Just off shore, Sask Aquatic Adventures has a water adventure park set up. It is one of several in Saskatchewan.

## Regina Beach Golf Club

The Regina Beach Golf Club is a 9-hole golf course that opened in 1969. It runs along the south side of town and includes a restaurant and lounge. The total course length is 3,151 yd (2,881 m) and is a par 35.

## Education

While for most of its history Regina Beach students were bused to nearby Lumsden, in 1989 Regina Beach opened its own K-8 elementary school.

## Demographics

In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Regina Beach had a population of 1,292 living in 623 of its 957 total private dwellings, a change of 12.8% from its 2016 population of 1,145. With a land area of 3.88 km$^2$ (1.50 sq mi), it had a population density of 333.0/km$^2$ (862.4/sq mi) in 2021.
# Guillermo Vivas Valdivieso

Guillermo Vivas Valdivieso (10 February 1881 – 31 January 1965) was a Puerto Rican attorney, journalist, politician and Mayor of Ponce, Puerto Rico from 1925 to 1928.

## Early years

Vivas Valdivieso was born in Ponce, Puerto Rico, on 10 February 1881. He had little formal education and starting to work at 12 years old for Olimpio Otero at his store, Bazar Otero. He later became a legal assistant for a law office, and subsequently a bookkeeper for seven years.

## Journalist

At age 14, Vivas Valdivieso founded, together with Alberto Marin and Eduardo Marin, the political autonomist newspaper, La Razon. Subsequently, he also became the owner and director of the "El Día" newspaper during the time of the Ponce massacre at the hands of the Insular Police under the governorship of U.S.-appointed Gov. Blanton Winship. He had purchased the paper from its founder, Guillermo V. Cintrón, in August 1928.

## Mayoral term

Vivas Valdivieso is recorded to have been the facilitator of the building of "Modern Ponce". During his administration, he secured a municipal loan of $1,250,000 ($21.7 million in 2023 dollars) for citywide improvements that would turn the municipality of Ponce, come the administration of his successor Emilio Fagot, into the city it became during the rest of the 20th century. Some of the improvements made included the paving of so far dirt city streets, the creation of the city's sewerage system, the enlargement of the old Acueducto, the repair of rural roads, and facilitating the traffic of rural goods into the city market. He is also credited with creating the first network of the city's sewer system.

## Honors

He is recognized as one of Ponce's most accomplished journalists at Ponce's Park for Illustrious Ponce Citizens. In Ponce there is a street in Urbanizacion Las Delicias of Barrio Magueyes named after him.

## Death

His residence was in Tercero, Ponce, but he died after six days in a hospital in Primero, Ponce, with the Puerto Rico Department of Health listing Bronchopneumonia as the cause of death. He was buried at Cementerio Católico San Vicente de Paul in Ponce.
# Seh Qaleh District

Seh Qaleh District (Persian: بخش سه قلعه) is in Sarayan County, South Khorasan province, Iran. Its capital is the city of Seh Qaleh.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the district's population was 11,334 in 2,664 households. The following census in 2011 counted 8,459 people in 2,331 households. The 2016 census measured the population of the district as 8,431 inhabitants in 2,480 households.

### Administrative divisions

Seh Qaleh District Population :
| Administrative Divisions | 2006 | 2011 | 2016 |
| Dokuheh RD | 2,412 | 843 | 631 |
| Seh Qaleh RD | 3,886 | 3,374 | 3,364 |
| Seh Qaleh (city) | 5,036 | 4,242 | 4,436 |
| Total | 11,334 | 8,459 | 8,431 |
| RD = Rural District ||||
# Yellowtail barracuda

The yellowtail barracuda (Sphyraena flavicauda) is one of the smaller species of barracuda of the family Sphyraenidae, which can be found in Indo-West Pacific oceans. It has also invaded the Mediterranean through the Suez Canal from the Red Sea, making it one of the Lessepsian migrants.

## Description

The yellowtail barracuda has an elongated body with two well separated dorsal fins. The anterior dorsal fin has five spines with the first spine being the longest. The origin of the second dorsal fin is positioned slightly in front of that of the anal fin. The pelvic fin is located below the tip of the pectoral fin, which in turn is positioned in front of the origin of the anterior dorsal fin.
The large head is slightly flattened towards the rear and bears a large eye, pointed snout and long jaws, with a prognathic lower jaw. In the front of the upper jaw there are several fang-like teeth, then 4–5 sharp teeth which form a single row on the palatine followed by a single row of smaller teeth on premaxilla. The lower jaw has a single large canine-like tooth at its apex followed by a row of smaller sharp teeth along the each side of the jaw.
The yellowtail barracuda is grey in colour on the back with a countershaded pattern of a white underside, though occasionally the flanks show a yellow tint. The tail is yellow with black margins.
Yellowtail barracudas can grow to 60 centimetres (24 in) but 35–40 centimetres (14–16 in) is normal.

## Distribution

The yellowtail barracuda is found from the Red Sea east through the Indian and Pacific Oceans to Samoa, its northern limit is the Ryukyu Islands and its southern is on the Great Barrier Reef. First recorded in the Mediterranean Sea off Israel in 1991, it is now extending to the whole eastern Basin. It is established but still relatively rare in the Mediterranean but its true status may be obscured by confusion with sympatric congeners, although both the yellowtail barracuda and Sphyraena chrysotaenia were found to be common off the coast of Libya.

## Biology

Yellowtail barracudas school by day in lagoons, inner and outer reef slopes and is probably a nocturnal hunter of fish and large invertebrates. Their eggs and fry are planktonic while the juveniles shelter in very sheltered coastal waters. The adults attain a maximum age of six years old. In Australia the yellowtail barracuda was found to be a host to the parasitic Floriceps minacanthus (a tapeworm) while the ectoparasite Diplectanum cazauxi (a monogenean) has been found on the gills of a number of barracuda species, including the yellowtail barracuda. Another known ectoparasite of the yellowtail barracuda is the Caligus inopinatus (a copepod).
# Raul Marincău

Raul Paul Marincău (born 27 April 1981) is a Romanian footballer who plays as a defender for the Kreisliga club SV Erbach. Marincău made his Liga I debut on 6 December 1997 for Jiul Petroșani, in a 0–4 defeat against Universitatea Cluj.

## Career

Marincău has spent most of his playing career in Romania at clubs such as: Jiul Petroșani, Corvinul Hunedoara, Argeș Pitești, UTA Arad or Universitatea Cluj, but he had also a spell with Russian Premier League side Uralan Elista during 2002 and 2003. He only made one Russian Cup appearance for the senior side before leaving the club.
# Pararajasingam Nadesan

Pararajasingam "Park" Nadesan, CMG, OBE (20 December 1917 - ) was a Ceylonese civil servant. He was the Secretary to the Prime Minister of Ceylon.
Educated at the Ceylon University College, he graduated with a BA from the University of London. He joined the Ceylon Civil Service in June 1941 as a cadet on appointment of the Governor. He served in the Kegalle, Kandy and Batticaloa Kachcheris. Promoted to class 2, he served as an assistant government agent, additional magistrate, additional deputy controller of labor, land officer, assistant secretary - ministry of transport and works, before appointment as additional secretary to the prime minister and director civil aviation. In 1953, he succeeded Nandasara Wijetilaka Atukorala as secretary to the prime minister.
Nadesan's was perceived to be loyal to Sir John Kotelawala during his term as prime minister, which meant that S. W. R. D. Bandaranaike on his appointment as prime minister in 1956 did not want Nadesan to stay on. The post of Secretary to the Prime Minister was abolished and Nadesan allowed to retire early. Gunasena de Soyza, Permanent Secretary to the Ministry of External Affairs and Defence officially took over assisted by Bradman Weerakoon, who was the assistant secretary to the prime minister at the time.
He was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire in the 1954 Birthday Honours and a Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George in the 1955 New Year Honours.