# List of Arabic dictionaries

Following are lists of notable Arabic dictionaries.

## Explanatory dictionaries

| Title | Author | Date | Vocabulary | Notes |
| Kitab al-'Ayn (Arabic: كتاب العين) | Al-Khalil ibn Ahmad al-Farahidi (Arabic: الخليل بن أحمد الفراهيدي) (b. 718 - d. 791) | 8th century | | Kitab al-Ayn was the first dictionary for the Arabic language. |
| Kitab al-Jim (Arabic: كتاب الجيم) a.k.a. Kitab al-Lughat or Kitab al-Huruf | Abu Amr al-Shaybani (Arabic: أبو عمرو الشيباني) (b. ca. 738 - d. 828) | 8-9th century | | The only copy is in the El Escorial Library. |
| Al-Jamhara al-Lugha (Arabic: جمهرة اللغة) a.k.a. Al-Jamhara fi al-Lugha (The all-embracing in language) | Ibn Duraid (Arabic: ابن دريد) (b. 838 - d. 933) | 9-10th century | | The dictionary was inspired in part by the earlier dictionary Kitab al-Ayn of al-Farahidi. |
| Tahdhib al-Lugha (Arabic: تهذيب اللغة) | Abu Manshur al-Azhari al-Harawi (Arabic: أبو منصور الأزهري الهروي) (b. 895 - d. 981) | 10th century | | The dictionary is important as a source of the Lisan al-Arab. |
| Al-Muhit fi al-Lugha (Arabic: المحيط في اللغة) | Al-Sahib ibn Abbad (Arabic: الصاحب بن عبّاد) (b. 938 - d. 995) | 10th century | | |
| Taj al-Lugha wa Sihah al-Arabiyya (Arabic: تاج اللغة وصحاح العربية) shorter title: Taj al-Lugha or al-Sihah | Ismail ibn Hammad al-Jawhari (Arabic: إسماعيل بن حماد الجوهري) (b. ? - d. 1009) | 10-11th century | It contains about 40,000 dictionary entries. | The author died at Nishapur while attempting flight. |
| Mu`jam Maqayis al-Lugha(Arabic: معجم مقاييس اللغة; "Language Standards Compendium) | Ahmad Ibn Zakariyya al-Qazwini Ibn Faris | 11th century | | |
| Al-Muhkam wa al-Muhit al-A'zam (Arabic: المحكم والمحيط الأعظم) shorter title: Al-Muhkam | Ibn Sidah (Arabic: ابن سيده) (b. 1007 - d. 1066) | 11th century | | The author was a blind man. |
| Lisan al-Arab (Arabic: لسان العرب) | Ibn Manzur (Arabic: ابن منظور) (b. 1233 - d. 1312) | The dictionary was completed in 1290. | It contains about 80,000 dictionary entries. | |
| Al-Misbah al-munir(Arabic: المصباح المنير ; "The Enlightening Lamp") | Ahmed Al Maqri Ahmed bin Mohammed bin Ali Al Maqri Al Fayoumi | The dictionary dates to 1368 | | |
| Al-Qamus al-Muhit wa al-Qabus al-Wasit (Arabic: القاموس المحيط، والقابوس الوسيط; "The Encompassing Ocean/Lexicon") shorter title: Al-Qamus al-Muhit | Al-Firuzabadi (Arabic: الفيروزآبادي) (b. 1329 - d. 1414) | The dictionary was completed in 1410. | It contains about 60,000 dictionary entries. | The dictionary served as the basis of later European dictionaries of Arabic. |
| Ahkam Bab al-I`rab `n Lughat al-A`rab (Arabic: أحكام باب الإعراب عن لغة الأعراب) | Germanus Farhat (1670–1732) | Printed by Rashid Dahdah (1813–1889) | | A revision of Fairuzabadi’s Al-Qamus Al-Muheet. Arranged by word ending. |
| Taj al-Arus Min Jawahir al-Qamus (Arabic: تاج العروس) shorter title: Taj al-Arus | Abu al-Fayd Mohammad Murtada al-Zabidi (Arabic: أبو الفيض محمد مرتضى الزبيدي b. 1731 - d. 1790) | The dictionary was completed in 1774. | It contains about 120,000 dictionary entries. | |
| Muhit al-Muhit (Arabic: محيط المحيط) a.k.a. Qutr al-Muhit (The Diameter of the Ocean) | Butrus al-Bustani (Arabic: بطرس البستاني) (b. 1819 - d. 1883) | The dictionary was completed in 1870. | | The author had dedicated the work to the Sultan Abdulaziz. The sultan awarded him with a higher medal and 250 golden liras. |
| Al-Faraed Al-Hissan Min Qalaed Al-Lisan (Arabic: الفرائد الحسان من قلائد اللسان) | Ibrahim al-Yaziji (Arabic: إبراهيم اليازجي; b. 1847 - d. 1907) | 1870 | | |
| Matn al-Lugha (Corpus of the language) | Ahmad Rida (Arabic: أحمد رضا) (b. 1872 - d. 1953) | 1958 | | |
| Lexicon of the Modern Arabic Language (Arabic: معجم اللغة العربية المعاصرة) | Ahmad Mukhtar Omar | 2008 | | |

## Bilingual dictionaries

Influential Arabic dictionaries in Europe:
* Pedro de Alcalá, Vocabulista, 1505. A Spanish-Arabic glossary in transcription only.
* Valentin Schindler, Lexicon Pentaglotton: Hebraicum, Chaldicum, Syriacum, Talmudico-Rabbinicum, et Arabicum, 1612. Arabic lemmas were printed in Hebrew characters.
* Franciscus Raphelengius, Lexicon Arabicum, Leiden 1613. The first printed dictionary of the Arabic language in Arabic characters.
* Jacobus Golius, Lexicon Arabico-Latinum, Leiden 1653. The dominant Arabic dictionary in Europe for almost two centuries.
* Georg Freytag, Lexicon Arabico-Latinum, praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzubadiique et aliorum libris confectum I–IV, Halle 1830–1837
* Edward William Lane, Arabic–English Lexicon, 8 vols, London-Edinburgh 1863–1893. Highly influential, but incomplete (stops at Kaf)
* Albert Kazimirski de Biberstein, Dictionnaire arabe-français contenant toutes les racines de la langue arabe, Tome 1 (1846) & 2 (1850), G.-P. Maisonneuve (Paris).
Influential Arabic dictionaries in modern usage:
* English: Collins Dictionaries, Collins Essential - Arabic Essential Dictionary, Collins, Glasgow 2018.
* English: Lahlali, El Mustapha & Tajul Islam, A Dictionary of Arabic Idioms and Expressions: Arabic-English Translation, Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh 2024.
* English: Oxford Languages, Oxford Arabic Dictionary, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2014.
* French: R. Blachère, C. Pellat, M. Chouémi, and C. Denizeau, Dictionnaire arabe-français-anglais (langues classique et moderne), Paris 1967 ff.
* French: D. Reig, As-Sabil, Dictionnaire arabe- français, français-arabe, Larousse, Paris, 1984.
* German (Classical Arabic): M. Ullmann, Wörterbuch der klassischen arabischen Sprache I, kāf, Wiesbaden 1970; II/1-4, lām, Wiesbaden 1984–2009. Missing mīm, nūn, hā’, wāw, and yā’.
* German (Modern Standard Arabic): Hans Wehr, Arabisches Wörterbuch für die Schriftsprache der Gegenwart. Arabisch-Deutsch, Wiesbaden 1952; 5th ed., 1985.
** English (translation of Hans Wehr): J Milton Cowan: Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic. Arabic-English, Wiesbaden 1971; 4th ed., 1979.
* Greek: G. Endress (ed.), A Greek and Arabic Lexicon, Leiden 1992 ff.
* Polish: J. Kozłowska and J. Danecki, Słownik arabsko-polski, Warszawa 1996 and J. Łacina, Słownik arabsko-polski, Poznań 1997.
* Russian: Х.К. Баранов, Арабско-русский словарь, Moscow 1957; 6th ed., 1985.

## Online dictionaries

* Alankaa
* Almaany
* معجم الرياض للغة العربية المعاصرة
* معجم الدوحة التاريخي للغة العربية
* المعجم التاريخي للغة العربية