OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Sebastopol (mortar)

Sebastopol was the name of a large artillery mortar commissioned by the Ethiopian Emperor Tewodros II (1818–1868). The name was taken from the Crimean town of Sevastopol, the site of a battle during the Crimean War. The mortar weighed approximately 6.7 tons, and was capable of firing off half-ton artillery rounds.
In an attempt to speed up industrialisation, Tewodros had welcomed British and French officials and a group of German missionaries into his kingdom. In 1866, following a series of diplomatic misunderstandings and the king's increasingly erratic behaviour, all foreigners were taken prisoner. Tewodros ordered the artisan-missionaries, led by Theophilus Waldmeier, to construct a brass cannon capable of firing a 1,000 pounds (450 kg) cannon ball. It took seven months to construct and two furnace were built for the casting. When it was transported to Magdala a special road had to be built. At times 800 men were needed to move it; the 200 mile journey took six months. Meanwhile the British expedition to Abyssinia was sent to free the captives, which resulted in the Battle of Magdala.
Although there are no records of the mortar being used in the battle it remains half-buried in the ground, on the plateau at Meqedela, near Amba Mariam. A bronze replica has been cast and displayed in the centre of a roundabout at Tewodros Square, Churchill Avenue, Addis Ababa.

## Gallery

* The original mortar
* The mortar monument on Tewodros Square, Addis Ababa
* Ethiopian soldiers dragging the mortar
# USNS 1st Lt. Jack Lummus

USNS 1st Lt. Jack Lummus (T-AK-3011), formerly MV 1st Lt. Jack Lummus (AK-3011), is the fourth ship of the 2nd Lt. John P. Bobo-class cargo ship built in 1986. The ship is named after First Lieutenant Jack Lummus, an American Marine who was awarded the Medal of Honor during World War II.

## Construction and commissioning

The ship was laid down in June 1984 and launched on 22 February 1985 at the Fore River Shipyard, Quincy, Massachusetts. Later acquired on 6 March 1986 by the Maritime Administration for operation by American Overseas Marine.
From 2 August 1990 until 28 February 1991, the ship took part in Operation Desert Storm by transporting equipments and supplies. Jack Lummus also participated in Operation Restore Hope from 5 December 1992 until 4 May 1993 and became the first ship to arrive in Mogadishu.
The ship was anchored off Sattahip, during Exercise Cobra Gold 2002. On 17 January 2006, the ship was purchased by the Military Sealift Command and was put into the Prepositioning Program and the Maritime Prepositioning Ship Squadron 3. The ship operates in the Pacific Ocean, between Guam and Saipan.
She also took part in Exercise Cobra Gold 2011. In 2015, nearly 50 Marines with Combat Logistics Regiment 25, 2nd Marine Logistics Group were assigned to Jack Lummus. The ship took part in Exercise Freedom Banner 2013. On 29 March 2016, Jack Lummus arrived at Subic Bay for Exercise Balikatan 2016. From 24 to 28 May 2018, the ship carried equipments and supplies to support Exercise Balikatan 2018.

## Gallery

* Starboard view of 1st Lt. Jack Lummus on 8 March 2004
* View of 1st Lt. Jack Lummus from the aft on 18 January 2010
* CH-46 on board the ship during Cobra Gold 2011
* A humvee unloads from the ship during Exercise Freedom Banner 2013
# Edgar Lloyd (athlete)

Edgar Lloyd (31 July 1886 – 3 January 1972) was a British long-distance runner. He competed in the marathon at the 1912 Summer Olympics.
# Polly Dunbar

Polly Dunbar (born 1977) is an English author-illustrator.
She is best known for her self-illustrated books Penguin, the Tilly and Friends series (which became a BBC children's television series) and Hello, Mum – an illustrated memoir of motherhood and her first book for adults.
She has also illustrated other authors' books: Bubble Trouble by Margaret Mahy, My Dad's a Birdman by David Almond, Can Bears Ski? by poet Raymond Antrobus, Owl or Pussycat? by Michael Morpurgo, and While We Can't Hug by Eoin Mclaughlin.
Hello, Mum is Polly's first book for grown-ups, a visual diary about early motherhood.
She is the daughter of children's book writer Joyce Dunbar, whose picture book Shoe Baby she illustrated.

## Biography

Dunbar was born in the Cotswolds and moved to Stratford upon Avon at eight months old. She went to school there until she was eleven and moved to Norwich with her family. There she attended City of Norwich School and Norwich School of Art and Design, now known as Norwich University College of the Arts. She started writing and illustrating at age 16, when she published two books – which she describes as "cartoon books inspired by teenage antics". She went to Brighton University and graduated in 1999 with a degree in illustration.
She lives in Waveny Valley, Suffolk with her partner and their two sons.

## Career

Polly Dunbar's Dog Blue and Flyaway Katie, both as author-illustrator, were published in 2004. The following year she illustrated Shoe Baby, written by her mother, author Joyce Dunbar.
Her 2007 book Penguin is her most critically acclaimed book to date, winning the Booktrust Early Years Awards in the pre-school category and the silver award in the Nestle Children's Book Prize for children under five years old.
She is also the illustrator for Here's A Little Poem which was on the IBBY honour's book list for 2008, and Bubble Trouble by Margaret Mahy, which won a Boston Globe–Horn Book Award in 2009.
Dunbar was named "Most Promising New Illustrator" in Publishers Weekly''s Cuffie Awards in 2004. In 2008, she was featured in The Times's list of "The best new picture book illustrators". In 2008 Booktrust named her one of the Ten Best Illustrators, and in 2011 she became their fourth writer in residence.
In 2020, Dunbar illustrated Can Bears Ski? by award-winning poet Raymond Antrobus, Owl or Pussycat? by Michael Morpurgo, and While We Can't Hug by Eoin Mclaughlin.
In 2021 her first adult book, Hello, Mum, was published by Faber and Faber.

## Adaptations

Her Tilly and Friends books became a BBC animated television series, which aired on CBeebies in 2012.
She co-founded Long Nose Puppets in 2006. Since then, the company has performed puppet adaptations of her books Penguin, Flyaway Katie, Shoe Baby, Arthur's Dream Boat, and soon While We Can't Hug. Their production of Shoe Baby won Best Children’s Show at Brighton Fringe Festival.
# Soljani

Soljani (Slovak: Soľany) are a village in Cvelferija in the southernmost part of Vukovar-Syrmia County. From the 2011 census the village had a population of 1241 inhabitants.

## Name

The name of the village in Croatian is plural.

## History

It was first mentioned in 1329 as “Sauly, Sali posessio”, and since then the village name has been connected with the word “salt” (sol means salt in Croatian). During the Roman Empire the village was plotted on the history maps as “Saldis”, and one of the main Roman roads that lead to Sirmium (Sremska Mitrovica) went via Saldis.
The village's greatest development was during the 18th and the 19th century when the Slovaks from Vojvodina and Slovakia settled there. Today their descendants are the biggest minority in the village.

## Geography

It is located 25 km southeast of Županja, 18 km east of Brčko (Bosnia).

## Demographics
### Slovaks in Soljani

Slovaks settled in the village in the 1830s and 1840s, with an increase in settlement from the 1860s and with the 20th-century settlement of Vojvodina Slovaks from Kisač, Selenča, and Pivnice. Since some of the first settlers were predominantly Roman Catholic, just like the majority of the residents of the village, assimilation process was relatively easy and quick. Subsequent Slovak settlers from Vojvodina were mostly adherents of the Slovak Evangelical Church of the Augsburg Confession with majority of residents who today continually declare themselves as Slovaks belonging to the Evangelical Church. Local Slovak Evangelical parish has around 100 members. Before Soljani Evangelical parish gained its independence in 1911 religious services were provided by Slovak parish in Bingula and by the Slovak Evangelical Church in Šid.
The first Slovak reading room in the village was established in 1932 when the local Slovak football club Zora was established as well. Elementary school in Soljani at the time provided classes in Slovak for 30-40 pupils. Matica slovenská in Soljani was established on 17 October 1993. Alongside cultural links with other Slovaks in Croatia and Serbia, over the years local community developed links with Krnča municipality of the Nitra Region in Slovakia.
# Kinnersley

Kinnersley is a village and civil parish in Herefordshire, England. The village is about 5 miles (8 km) east of the Wales-England border and 10 miles (16 km) north-west of Hereford.

## Geography

At roughly 200 metres above sea level and 2 miles (3.2 km) north of the River Wye, the village is mostly elevated away from the floodplain of the Wye. It has steep hills nearby which almost enclose and shelter Kinnersley. Summers are warm and relatively dry, winters are cool and wet. Surrounding Kinnersley are mostly crops and apple orchards which are owned by local cider companies including H. P. Bulmer. The scenery looks towards the Black Mountains and Hereford. The main Brecon to Leominster road, the A44 passes through Kinnersley.

## Community

Parish population, of about 100, is employed partly in farming and agriculture, or in nearby towns and cities. The village has a high proportion of pensioners.
The Grade I parish church of Church of St James was restored and improved over many years by George Frederick Bodley, winner of the Royal Gold Medal for architecture in 1899, who had married Minna Reaveley in 1872. Minna was a daughter of the family who at that time owned Kinnersley Castle. Bodley is buried in a Grade II monument in the churchyard. Adjacent to the east from the church is the Grade II* Kinnersley Castle.
The local public house, the Kinnersley Arms closed down in 2022.
# Darrin Hodgetts

Darrin James Hodgetts is a New Zealand psychology academic. He is a professor of societal psychology at Massey University and is a principal investigator with Ngā Pae o te Māramatanga. Of Māori descent, Hodgetts affiliates to the Ngāi Tahu iwi.
Hodgett's has a PhD from Massey University. Hodgetts's research and supervision is in the field of social psychology, looking homeless and working class communities identity, health and poverty.

## Selected publications
### Journal articles

* Radley, Alan, Darrin Hodgetts, and Andrea Cullen. "Visualizing homelessness: A study in photography and estrangement." Journal of Community and Applied Social Psychology 15.4 (2005): 273–295.
* Hodgetts, Darrin, et al. "Health inequalities and homelessness considering material, spatial and relational dimensions." Journal of Health Psychology 12.5 (2007): 709–725.
* Hodgetts, Darrin, et al. "A trip to the library: Homelessness and social inclusion." Social & Cultural Geography 9.8 (2008): 933–953.
* Hodgetts, Darrin, et al. "Constructing health news: possibilities for a civic-oriented journalism." Health: 12.1 (2008): 43–66.
* Hodgetts, Darrin, Andrea Cullen, and Alan Radley. "Television characterizations of homeless people in the United Kingdom." Analyses of Social Issues and Public Policy 5.1 (2005): 29–48.

### Books

* Urban Poverty and Health Inequalities: A Relational Approach (with Ottilie Stolte, Routledge, 2017)
* Social Psychology and Everyday Life (with Drew, Sonn, Stolte, Nikora, and Curtis, Red Globe 2010 and Springer 2019)

### Edited volumes

* The SAGE Handbook of Applied Social Psychology (edited with Kieran O'Doherty, SAGE, 2019)
# Paistu Parish

Paistu Parish (Estonian: Paistu vald) was a rural municipality of Estonia, in Viljandi County.
After the local government council elections held on 20 October 2013, Paistu Parish was merged with Pärsti, Saarepeedi and Viiratsi parishes to form a new Viljandi Parish around the town of Viljandi.
On 1 January 2009, it had a population of 1,622 and an area of 128.59 km$^2$.

## Settlements
### Villages

Aidu - Hendrikumõisa - Holstre - Intsu - Kassi - Lolu - Loodi - Luiga - Mustapali - Paistu - Pirmastu - Pulleritsu - Rebase - Sultsi - Tömbi - Viisuküla

## Notable people

* Ernst Reinhold von Hofmann, geologist and mineralogist
# Kōbun Shizuno

Kōbun Shizuno (静野孔文, Shizuno Kōbun) (born September 2, 1972) is a Japanese anime film and television director.

## Works
### Films

* Legend of Toki (2008)
* Detective Conan: Quarter of Silence (2011)
* Detective Conan: The Eleventh Striker (2012)
* Detective Conan: Private Eye in the Distant Sea (2013)
* Detective Conan: Dimensional Sniper (2014)
* Detective Conan: Sunflowers of Inferno (2015)
* Detective Conan: The Darkest Nightmare (2016)
* Detective Conan: Crimson Love Letter (2017)
* Godzilla: Planet of the Monsters (2017)
* Godzilla: City on the Edge of Battle (2018)
* Godzilla: The Planet Eater (2018)
* My Tyrano: Together, Forever (2018)
* Monster Strike the Movie: Lucifer Zetsubō no Yoake (2020)
* The Journey (2021)
* Lupin the Third vs. Cat's Eye (2023)
* My Tyrano II: Easter, Garden (2025)

### Television series

* Samurai Girls (2010; credited under the pseudonym KOBUN)
* Samurai Bride (2013; credited under the pseudonym KOBUN)
* Knights of Sidonia (2014)-season 1
* Soul Buster (2016)

### OVAs

* Mahō Sensei Negima!: Mō Hitotsu no Sekai (2009, episodes 1 and 2)
# Nicholas Dromgoole

Nicholas Arthur Dromgoole (3 December 1927 – 20 September 2023) was a British ballet critic.

## Biography

Born in Maranhão, Brazil, he was the third son of Nicholas Arthur Dromgoole, a Civil Service telegraphist, and Violet Brookes. The family relocated to England during Dromgoole's infancy.
Dromgoole attended Dulwich College and later Oxford University's St Edmund Hall, where he studied history. At Oxford, he was a member of the University Ballet Club, joining peers such as Clement Crisp, John Percival, and Clive Barnes.
After a brief period of study at the Sorbonne and a personal tragedy, Dromgoole established an educational institution in England. By the age of 27, he served as headmaster of Pierrepont School, Frensham. One of his students, Robert North, would later become a prominent ballet choreographer.
In 1962, Dromgoole moved to London, assuming the chairmanship of the Institute of Choreology, later known as the Benesh Institute. He also introduced a humanities department at the Sir John Cass College, where he remained for four decades. Concurrently, he managed the college's rugby team.
By 1965, Dromgoole was appointed a ballet critic for The Sunday Telegraph, a position he held for three decades. During this tenure, he covered significant developments in ballet, including the trajectory of the Royal Ballet and the growth of contemporary British dance companies.
Dromgoole's personal life included a marriage to ballet dancer Lesley Collier in 1977. Professionally, he authored several books on subjects ranging from the role of critics to the language of gesture in theatre. Additionally, he provided introductions for a number of classic plays. Dromgoole was a member of the Garrick Club in London.
# General Confederation of Workers of Panama

The General Confederation of Workers of Panama (CGTP) is a national trade union center in Panama. It is affiliated with the International Trade Union Confederation.
# Crowley Lake

Crowley Lake is a reservoir on the upper Owens River in southern Mono County, California, in the United States. Crowley Lake is 15 mi (24 km) south of Mammoth Lakes.
The lake was created in 1941 by the building of the Long Valley Dam by the Los Angeles Department of Water and Power (DWP), as storage for the Los Angeles Aqueduct and for flood control. The dam is 126 ft (38 m) high and impounds 183,465 acre⋅ft (0.226301 km$^3$). For more on the history of the lake, see Owens Lake.
It is known for its trout fishing. Between 6,000 and 10,000 anglers hit the lake on opening day. Crowley Lake Fish Camp, run in cooperation with the Los Angeles Department of Water and Power, is the only way to access the lake, and visitors can rent boats, book camping sites, and buy supplies at the Fish Camp.
The lake is named after Fr. John J. Crowley, "the desert Padre", who was a key figure in Owens Valley history and a local hero. When it became obvious that the city of Los Angeles's appropriation of the water supply had made agriculture impossible in the Owens Valley, many of the residents of the Valley lost all hope. Father Crowley traveled the Valley, convincing many of them that it could become a tourist destination; however, he was critical of where the dam was to be located. Father Crowley was killed in 1940 in an automobile accident.

## Columns

Upon completion of the reservoir in 1941, strange columnar formations were spotted along its eastern shore. These formations feature spaced columns, some rising 20 ft (6 m) tall, spanned at the top with arches and resembling the arcades of Moorish architecture. For decades speculative theories of their natural origin were proposed, but no detailed study was conducted.
In 2015 geologists from UC Berkeley concluded that the formations are the result of snowmelt seeping down into volcanic ash from the catastrophic eruption of the Long Valley Caldera, then rising up again as steam. The water deposited erosion-resistant minerals that remained behind as the ash eroded around them. The researchers counted nearly 5,000 such pillars, which appear in groups and vary widely in shape, size, and color over an area of 4,000 acres (1,600 ha). Some of the columns stand erect approximately a foot apart and feature ringed apertures. Others are warped or leaning at various angles, and others are half-submerged and resemble the petrified remains of dinosaur vertebrae.
# Kavir Rural District (Tabas County)

Kavir Rural District (Persian: دهستان كوير) is in Deyhuk District of Tabas County, South Khorasan province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Zanughan.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the rural district's population (as a part of Yazd province) was 3,507 in 1,011 households. There were 4,415 inhabitants in 1,242 households at the following census of 2011. The 2016 census measured the population of the rural district as 4,082 in 1,305 households, by which time the county had been separated from the province to join South Khorasan province. The most populous of its 57 villages was Esfandiar, with 1,289 people.
# Tretten

Tretten is a village in Øyer Municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. The village is located on the Losna lake, which is part of the Gudbrandsdalslågen river. Tretten is located in the Gudbrandsdal valley, along the Gudbrandsdalslågen river in the southern part of the municipality. It is located along the European route E6 highway, about 25 kilometres (16 mi) north of the town of Lillehammer. The municipal center of Tingberg lies about 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) to the southeast of Tretten.
The 1.22-square-kilometre (300-acre) village has a population (2021) of 860 and a population density of 707 inhabitants per square kilometre (1,830/sq mi).
The village had its own sports team Tretten IL until 1990, when a merger created Øyer-Tretten IF. The village is also the site of Tretten Church which serves the northern part of the municipality.
Tretten was the location of the biggest train disaster in Norway's history. The Tretten train disaster occurred on 22 February 1975 when two passenger trains collided head on. The tragedy resulted in 27 people being killed.
On 15 August 2022, the Tretten Bridge over the Gudbrandsdalslågen river completely collapsed; it had beams of glued laminated timber and others of weathering steel. There were no fatalities. One vehicle driver was rescued by helicopter and the driver of a car escaped by himself.

## Name

The village (and church parish) is named after the old Tretten farm (Old Norse: Þrœttin or Þróttvin) since the first church was built there. This farm is now named Prestgarden which means 'the vicarage'. The first element of the name is þróttr which means 'force' or 'power'. The last element is vin which means 'meadow'. The farm is lying close to the river Moksa, and the first element is probably referring to the stream and the waterfalls in the river here.
# Temco XKDT Teal

The Temco XKDT Teal was an American rocket-propelled, high-performance target drone, built by Temco Aircraft for evaluation by the United States Navy in the late 1950s. Production was not proceeded with following evaluation of the type.

## Design and development

The XKDT was designed for use an inexpensive and expendable air-launched, high-performance target drone. Its design utilized a low-set swept wing, and an inverted cruciform tail; the structure of the aircraft included aluminum honeycomb wing construction and extensive use of magnesium and fiberglass in the fuselage. It was intended to reach speeds of up to Mach 0.95.
The Teal could be launched at any altitude of up to 50,000 feet (15,000 m); speed at launch was between 163 knots (302 km/h; 188 mph) and 248 knots (459 km/h; 285 mph). Following launch a dual-thrust solid fuel rocket motor ignited; thrust was 150 lbf (670 N) for the first four seconds of powered flight, followed by 50 lbf (220 N) for approximately 500 seconds propulsive time. Control was provided by a three-axis autopilot; radar reflectors and infrared flares provided an assist in tracking the drone, and at the end of nine minutes' flight time a self-destruct device would be activated.

## Operational history

The first flight of a XKDT-1 took place in September 1957; most flights utilized a McDonnell F3H Demon carrier aircraft. Following the conclusion of the evaluation program, no production contract was placed; supersonic targets having become preferred.

## Specifications (XKDT-1)

Data from Parsch
General characteristics
* Crew: None
* Length: 11 ft 10 in (3.61 m)
* Wingspan: 4 ft 11 in (1.50 m)
* Diameter: 10 ft (3.0 m)
* Gross weight: 350 lb (159 kg)
* Powerplant: 1 × Astrodyne 4NS150 solid-fuel rocket, 150 lbf (0.67 kN) thrust 3.8 seconds
* Powerplant: 1 × Astrodyne 480NS50 solid-fuel rocket, 50 lbf (0.22 kN) thrust 480 seconds
Performance
* Maximum speed: Mach 0.95
* Endurance: 8-9 minutes
* Service ceiling: 52,500 ft (16,000 m)
# Chungju Public Stadium

Chungju Public Stadium (Korean: 충주공설운동장) is a sports complex and training ground in Chungju, South Korea. The stadium opened in 1979 and holds around 15,000 people. It is used mostly for football matches and athletics.
It was the home of K League Challenge side Chungju Hummel FC between 2010 and 2016.
# 2011 African Fencing Championships

The 2011 African Fencing Championships were held in Cairo, Egypt from 21 to 25 July.

## Medal summary
### Men's events

| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| Foil | Alaaeldin Abouelkassem (EGY) | Mohamed Smandi (TUN) | Tarek Fouad (EGY) Karim Kamoun (TUN) |
| Épée | Alexandre Bouzaid (SEN) | Ayman Mohamed Fayez (EGY) | Ahmed Elsaghir (EGY) Mohamed Ayoub Ferjani (TUN) |
| Sabre | Samir Mahmoud (EGY) | Hichem Smandi (TUN) | Tamim Ghazy (EGY) Mannad Ghazy (EGY) |
| Team Foil | Egypt | Tunisia | South Africa |
| Team Épée | Egypt | Tunisia | South Africa |
| Team Sabre | Egypt | Tunisia | Senegal |

### Women's events

Two nations only, Egypt and Algeria, entered a team in women's foil.
| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| Foil | Inès Boubakri (TUN) | Iman Shaban (EGY) | Anissa Khelfaoui (ALG) Shaimaa El-Gammal (EGY) |
| Épée | Sarra Besbes (TUN) | Mona Abdel Aziz (EGY) | Maya Mansouri (TUN)} Inès Boubakri (TUN) |
| Sabre | Azza Besbes (TUN) | Amira Ben Chaabane (TUN) | Selma Zien (EGY) Héla Besbes (TUN) |
| Team Foil | Egypt | Tunisia | Algeria |
| Team Épée | Tunisia | South Africa | Egypt |
| Team Sabre | Tunisia | Egypt | South Africa |

## Medal table

Host
* Host nation (Egypt)
| Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
| 1 | Egypt* | 6 | 4 | 7 | 17 |
| 2 | Tunisia | 5 | 7 | 5 | 17 |
| 3 | Senegal | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 |
| 4 | South Africa | 0 | 1 | 3 | 4 |
| 5 | Algeria | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 |
| Totals (5 entries) | Totals (5 entries) | 12 | 12 | 18 | 42 |