OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# David Holford (RAF officer)

Wing Commander David William Holford DSO, DFC (21 February 1921 – 17 December 1943) was a Royal Air Force officer who was the youngest bomber squadron commanding officer in RAF history. He was killed after crashing his Lancaster in thick fog near Kelstern following an operation to bomb Berlin (the infamous Black Thursday).

## RAF career

Holford was inspired to join the RAF when his uncle Air Com D’Arcy Greig competed in the 1929 Schneider Trophy in a Napier-engined Supermarine S5. Greig gave him his leather flying helmet and his destiny was cast (source, his widow Joan Holford).
Holford joined the RAF in 1938 aged 17. After pilot training he had become a Wellington bomber pilot with 99 Squadron at RAF Newmarket in March 1940. At Newmarket he flew 11 operations as a second pilot. He flew six missions with Flight Lieutenant Percy Pickard, who portrayed the fictional Squadron Leader Dickson, in the 1941 propaganda film, Target for Tonight.
By June 1940 Holford was captain of his own aircraft and completed a further 15 operations. For nursing a severely damaged aircraft back from an operation he was Mentioned in Despatches and later received the Distinguished Flying Cross (DFC) before a promotion to Flying Officer and becoming an instructor at RAF Bassingbourn.
As a flight lieutenant, Holford was assigned to 103 Squadron at RAF Elsham Wolds, flying 29 operations, including flying a Wellington on a daylight attack against the fleeing German battleships Scharnhorst and Gneisenau on 12 February 1942, during what became known as the Channel Dash. For his actions that day, Holford was awarded the Distinguished Service Order (DSO) and promoted to squadron leader aged just 21.
Holford flew the four-engined Halifax bomber and trained and flew operations with 103 Squadron before converting to Lancasters. After marrying Joan, a WAAF RAF Intelligence Officer, left Elsham Wolds for a flight commander position at RAF Lindholme. His still flew actively, attacking Berlin on 17 January 1943.
Just four days before his 22nd birthday in February 1943, Holford was promoted to wing commander, the youngest man to hold this rank in Bomber Command and one of the youngest in the history of the RAF.
On 21 November he was posted to Waltham to take command of 100 Squadron. On 16 December 1943, 100 Squadron received orders to attack Berlin. Holford piloted a Lancaster for the attack. The raid became known as 'Black Thursday' as 25 aircraft were lost on the raid and 28 crashed (and four abandoned as the crew baled out) in England where airfields had become fog-bound. Seeking to land at RAF Grimsby, Holford's Lancaster flew into the ground near Kelstern with only the wireless operator and tail gunner surviving.

## Honours and awards

* 22 October 1940 – Pilot Officer David William Holford (41704) awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross.
* 11 August 1942 – Acting Squadron Leader David William Holford, DFC (41704), No. 103 Squadron is awarded the Distinguished Service Order.
# S-VT

S-VT, or Sequential Valve Timing, is an automobile variable valve timing technology developed by Mazda. S-VT varies the timing of the intake valves by using hydraulic pressure to rotate the camshaft. S-VT was introduced in 1998 on the ZL-VE engine and is used in the B-, Z-, MZR- and J-families of engines.
# Matthew Thomas (linebacker)

Matthew Thomas (born July 21, 1995) is an American professional football linebacker. He played college football at Florida State. He signed with the Pittsburgh Steelers as an undrafted free agent in 2018.

## Early life

Matthew grew up the 4th oldest out of 8 kids in the Overtown Section of Miami-Dade County. Growing up very poor Thomas found his niche in football and quickly became a legend on the gridiron within the city of Miami, earning himself the nickname "Big 6".Thomas vowed to break the cycle of poverty in his family. Thomas attended Booker T. Washington High School in Miami, Florida. He was rated consensus five-star recruit coming out of high school and was ranked among the top prospects in his class. He committed to Florida State University to play college football on National Signing Day in 2013.

## College career

As a freshman at Florida State in 2013, Thomas played in four games before undergoing season-ending shoulder surgery. He received a medical redshirt and did not play in that season's National Championship Game. Due to failing a drug test at the National Championship Game, Thomas was suspended for the first six games of the 2014 season. After serving his suspension, he returned to game action against Notre Dame on October 18, 2014. He went on to tally 26 tackles and 2.5 tackles-for-loss on the season. He also played in that season's Rose Bowl, registering three solo tackles and one assisted tackle.
In 2015, Thomas was suspended for the entire season due to being academically ineligible. Thomas would bounce back in 2016 as the second leading tackler on the team. In that season's Orange Bowl, he made nine solo tackles and assisted on six tackles. In 2017, Thomas played in 11 of the team's 12 regular season games, and then decided not to play in the Independence Bowl. He later accepted an invitation to play in the 2018 East–West Shrine Game.

## Professional career
### Pittsburgh Steelers

Thomas signed with the Pittsburgh Steelers as an undrafted free agent on April 28, 2018. He made the Steelers 53-man roster as an undrafted rookie, playing in 10 games before being waived on December 1, 2018 and re-signed to the practice squad.

### Baltimore Ravens

On January 2, 2019, Thomas signed a reserve/future contract with the Baltimore Ravens. He was waived on August 1, 2019.

### St. Louis BattleHawks

Thomas signed with the St. Louis BattleHawks of the XFL on January 8, 2020. He was waived during final roster cuts on January 22, 2020.

### Saskatchewan Roughriders

Thomas signed with the Saskatchewan Roughriders of the CFL on April 14, 2020. After the CFL canceled the 2020 season due to the COVID-19 pandemic, Thomas chose to opt-out of his contract with the Roughriders on September 1, 2020. He opted back in to his contract on December 29, 2020.

### Edmonton Elks

Thomas joined the Edmonton Elks in free agency on January 12, 2022. On June 2, 2023, Thomas was released by the Elks.
# Balmoral railway station, New South Wales

Balmoral railway station was a railway station located on the Picton–Mittagong loop line, serving the town of Balmoral in the Macarthur Region, New South Wales, Australia.

## History

The station opened on 2 December 1878 as Big Hill Lower Siding, was renamed Bargo in 1881, and finally Balmoral in 1888. The station along with the rest of the line was closed in 1978.
There are no remains of the station, but the Station Master’s cottage still exists and is occupied by a retired railway worker.
# JD (film)

JD (Hindi: जेडी) is an Indian Hindi-language legal drama film written, directed by Shailendra Pandey and produced by Anju Pandey & Shailendra Pandey. The film is based on the life of an Indian journalist. The news portal "First Post" compared the story to Tarun Tejpal, editor-in-chief, involved in a Tehelka Magazine sexual assault case. The film was released on 22 September 2017. Film JD is available on Prime Video, Jio Cinema and Airtel Xstream.

## Real life people

Several actors in the film play roles that mimic their real-life jobs, including:
* Retired Justice PD Kode (playing a judge)
* Politician Amar Singh (playing a politician)
* Rameshwar Gite (playing an advocate)
* Santosh Singh (playing businessman)
* Tanu Sharma (playing a TV anchor)
* Sharat Pradhan, Ratanmani Lal, Sunanda Dikshit, and Subhash Sirke (playing editors)
* Ruhani (playing an air hostess)
The film includes a song in which real Nautanki dancers, musicians, and singers from Kanpur perform.

## Cast

* Govind Namdev as Divakar Verma
* Aman Verma as Lawyer
* Vedita Pratap Singh as Noor
* Lalit Bisht as Jai Dwivedi aka JD
* Rina Charaniya
* Arvind Gaur
* Surya Mohan Kulsherstha
* Shwetank Pandey
* Jasveer Kaur as special appearance in the item number "Kamariya Pe Lattu"

## Soundtrack

There are six songs in the film. The lyrics were written by Kumar Vijay and Sahil Fatehpuri. Sandip Soparrkar choreographed two songs.The music was composed by Ganesh Pandey and Jaan Nissar Lone, and was released by Zee Music Company.

## Accolades

| Award Ceremony | Category | Recipient | Result | Ref.(s) |
| 10th Mirchi Music Awards | Upcoming Lyricist of The Year | Kumar Vijay - "Sawan Ban Aay Gayo Badra" | Nominated | |
# Tez Kharab

Tez Kharab or Tezkharab (Persian: تزخراب) may refer to:
* Tez Kharab, Shahin Dezh
* Tezkharab, Urmia
# Apokalypsis (album)

Apokalypsis (stylised as Ἀποκάλυψις) is the second studio album by American singer-songwriter Chelsea Wolfe, released on Pendu Sound Recordings on August 23, 2011.

## Writing and composition

The tracks "Demons" and "Moses" are re-recordings of two songs which previously appeared on Wolfe's previous album The Grime and The Glow as "Bounce House Demons" and "Moses," respectively.
On the Bandcamp release of the album, an alternate version of "Primal / Carnal" exists with an accompanying backing instrumental that runs at about a minute in length.
The album features a folk rock sound that was labeled as "doom-folk" and "drone-folk" by critics.

### Album art

The album cover, as stated by Wolfe in an interview with Self-titled Magazine, explained, "with the eyes blanked out in white, is meant to represent a sense of epiphany and the positivity in realizing and accepting truths, whether they are beautiful or hideous."

## Reception

Professional ratings :
| Aggregate scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Metacritic | 67/100 |
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| Pitchfork | 7.3/10.0 |
| Consequence of Sound | C− |
| No Ripcord | 6/10 |
| CMJ | 7/10 |
| The A.V. Club | C+ |
Apokalypsis was met with "generally favorable" reviews from critics. At Metacritic, which assigns a weighted average rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream publications, this release received an average score of 67 based on 5 reviews.
CMJ's Sasha Patpatia noted, "Songs like 'Wasteland' and 'Pale On Pale' drop the energy and could easily be forgotten among the stronger tracks on the album. The instrumentation on each song, though, is rich and brooding, weaving a distinguishable sound that suitably ties Apokalypsis together," adding, "'Movie Screen' is stunning. It seems otherworldly and is the first real sample of Wolfe’s amazing and deep vocal range. This song is the spookiest track on the album, even creepier than 'Primal/Carnal' because it feels much more personal than the horror-film soundtrack." Pitchfork's David Raposa observed, "She's able to approximate the general pallor and stuttering sample-based rhythms of Dummy-era Portishead (on 'Movie Screen'), makes like a superfan of Zola Jesus' The Spoils (on 'The Wasteland'), apes early PJ Harvey (on the fittingly titled 'Moses'), and even recalls the icy allure and off-kilter harmonies of the Knife (on 'Friedrichshain'). It speaks favorably to Wolfe's abilities that she's able to approximate all these different styles successfully, but these tracks don't say much about who Wolfe actually is."

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Chelsea Wolfe

## Personnel
### Band

* Chelsea Wolfe – lead vocals, guitar, record producer
* Ben Chisholm – synthesizer, backing vocals, production
* Kevin Dockter – lead guitar
* Drew Walker – drums
* Addison Quarles – bass

### Production personnel

* Ira Skinner – Engineering
# Newport Independents Party

The Newport Independents Party (Welsh: Plaid Annibynwyr Casnewydd) is a small political party formed in 2017 to campaign in the city of Newport, Wales. The party won three council seats on Newport City Council in May 2022.
The Newport Independents Party was registered with the Electoral Commission in March 2017 by its founder, Councillor Kevin Whitehead. It aimed to break the "stale national party politics" in the city. It allowed independent councillors to work as a group and, therefore, have the right to sit on council scrutiny committees.
The party fielded fifteen candidates in the May 2017 elections to Newport City Council and one candidate for Rogerstone Community Council. Four Newport Independents were elected to Newport City Council on 4 May 2017: Kevin Whitehead, Janet Cleverly and Jason Jordan won seats in the Bettws ward and one candidate - Chris Evans - was successful in Rogerstone. Evans resigned from the party in January 2022 after being discovered soliciting a sex worker.
The party fielded ten candidates in the May 2022 local elections, across six Newport wards. It retained its three seats in the Bettws ward.
# Viktor Beletsky

Viktor Nikolaevich Beletsky (Russian: Виктор Николаевич Белецкий; 1928 – late 1990s) was a Soviet diplomat and ambassador.
Beletsky defended a habilitation in historical sciences. He held the following positions:
* 1954–1958 – official of the Soviet Embassy to Austria
* 1958–1961 – official of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs
* 1961–1968 – official of the Soviet Embassy to East Germany
* 1969–1972 – official at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs
* 1972–1974 – official of the Soviet Embassy to East Germany
* 1974–1978 – official of the Soviet Embassy to Czechoslovakia
* 1978–1980 – deputy rector of the Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation
* 1980–1982 – official of the Soviet Embassy to East Germany
* 1982–1985 – ambassador of the Soviet Union to the Netherlands
Beletsky was married to Rimma and had two stepsons, born ca. 2001 and 2013. His family disappeared in 2013 under unclear circumstances.
# Gary Lucas (disambiguation)

Gary Lucas is an American guitarist and songwriter.
Gary Lucas can also refer to:
* Gary Lucas (baseball) (born 1954), American baseball player
* Gary Lucas, character on British soap opera Doctors
# Korgon-Tash

Korgon-Tash (Kyrgyz: Коргон-Таш) is a mountain village in Batken Region of Kyrgyzstan. It is part of the Batken District. Its population was 95 in 2021. It lies on the upper course of the river Sokh.
# Communist Movement of Catalonia

Communist Movement of Catalonia (Catalan: Moviment Comunista de Catalunya; MCC) was the federated political party of the Communist Movement (MC) in Catalonia. The MCC was founded in 1974.

## Ideology

Originally the MCC was a Maoist party, inspired by the Chinese Cultural Revolution, but over the years, specially after 1981-82, the organization gradually abandoned its previous ideologies (Orthodox Marxism, Leninism, Maoism) in favour of more heterodox forms of Marxism. The party was also supportive of the Feminist, Catalanist, LGBT and Insurbordinate social movements. The MCC was also highly supportive of the Catalan independence movement.

## History

The MCC appeared in 1974, joining the Assembly of Catalonia that same year. The MCC participated in the coalition Unity for Socialism in the first autonomic Catalan elections (1980). In 1991, after years of close collaboration, the MCC and the LCR merged and formed a new party, Izquierda Alternativa (IA). Revolta was the Catalan branch of IA. The LCR members left Revolta in 1993.
# Menshikov (surname)

Menshikov (Russian: Меньшиков/Меншиков) is a Russian masculine surname, its feminine counterpart is Menshikova (Russian: Меньшикова/Меншикова). It may refer to:
* Aleksandr Aleksandrovich Menshikov (1714–1764), Russian noble army officer
* Aleksandr Danilovich Menshikov (1673–1729), Russian nobleman, statesman, and military leader
* Aleksandr Sergeyevich Menshikov (1787–1869), Finnish-Russian nobleman, military commander and statesman
* Maria Menshikova (1711–1729), daughter of Aleksandr Danilovich and a favourite of Peter I of Russia
* Mikhail Menshikov (born 1948), Russian-British mathematician
* Nina Menshikova (1928–2007), Soviet actress
* Oleg Menshikov (born 1960), Russian actor
* Stanislav Menshikov (1927–2014), Russian economist and diplomat
* Vitali Menshikov (born 1989), Russian ice hockey player
# Kim Sin-cheol

Kim Sin-cheol (Korean: 김신철; born 29 November 1990) is a South Korean footballer who plays as midfielder for FC Anyang in K League 2. He is a son of Kim Bong-gil. Besides South Korea, he has played in Portugal.

## Career

Yoo was selected by Bucheon FC in the 2013 K League draft. He made 25 appearances and 2 goals in his debut season. In 2014~2015 seasons, he served in army by Ansan Mugunghwa FC. After 2016 season, he moves to FC Anyang.
# Pulat Khan

Iskhak Khasan-uulu (Uzbek: Ishak Hasan o'g'li), better known as Pulat Khan (Uzbek: Po'lat Xon), was briefly the Khan of Kokand and one of the leaders of the Kokand rebellion that took place from 1873 to 1876.

## Biography

He was born as Iskhak Hasn-ulu to a Kirgiz tribe in Kishtak Okhna, Margilan in about 1844. He studied at madrasas until he dropped out in 1867.
Dissatisfied with Khudayar Khan's policies, he sent a delegation to speak to Pulat Bey, the grandson of Alim Khan, who lived in a Samarkand madrasa, to convince him to start an uprising against Khudayar. Pulat Bey refused repeated attempts to convince him otherwise. The delegation, having failed, instead, convinced Iskhak to impersonate the actual Pulat Bey and simply to lead the uprising himself, in which he would declare himself Khan.
After assembling an army, Iskhak's army managed to takeover Kokand from Nasruddin Khan, who was proclaimed Khan after Khudayar fled to Tashkent after an uprising on 22 July 1875.
He was captured and hanged by Russian troops in 1876 for killing twelve Russian soldiers.
# Hotel Paris (Prague)

Hotel Paris Prague (Czech: Hotel Paříž Praha) is a 5-star luxury hotel in Prague, Czech Republic. It is located in the centre of Prague in Old Town. It was built in 1904 according to plans of Jan Vejrych. Its architectural style is a mixture of Art Nouveau and Gothic Revival. It featured as a location in Bohumil Hrabal's book I Served the King of England. In 1984 it was declared as a historical monument.
# 1929 Jacksonville State Eagle Owls football team

The 1929 Jacksonville State Eagle Owls football team represented Jacksonville State Teachers College (now known as Jacksonville State University) as an independent during the 1929 college football season. Led by first-year head coach J. W. Stephenson, the Eagle Owls compiled an overall record of 5–3.

## Schedule

| Date | Opponent | Site | Result |
| September 28 | at Spring Hill | Mobile, AL | L 0–18 |
| October 5 | Piedmont | Daguette FieldJacksonville, AL | W 6–0 |
| October 12 | at Middle Tennessee State | Murfreesboro, TN | L 7–21 |
| October 26 | Middle Georgia | Johnston FieldAnniston, AL | L 6–19 |
| November 2 | at Marion | Rowell FieldSelma, AL | W 20–0 |
| November 9 | Bowdon College (GA) | Daguette FieldJacksonville, AL | W 13–7 |
| November 16 | at Cumberland (TN) | Lebanon, TN | W 7–6 |
| November 23 | at Tennessee Wesleyan | Athens, TN | W 14–13 |
# Himene tarava

Himene tarava (Tahitian: hĩmene taravã) is a style of traditional Tahitian music.

## Music

The style is started by one person singing a stanza. Other singers gradually join in and rhyme with the person. The men sing in a deep voice for punctuation, while the women sing in a light voice.

## History

One of the earliest forms of himene tarava originated in Tubuai, French Polynesia in 1844. Similar hymns originated due to the fact that the country was becoming more Christian since it became a French Territory in 1832.
During the 20th century, French Polynesians preserved the music. In the 1950s children were taught how to sing himene tarava.

## Forms of himene tarava

There are different forms of the music in each country.
Source:
* In the Windward Islands of Tahiti and Mo'orea, there are five vocal parts of the song.
* The islands of Rimatara and Rurutu use between 10 and 12 vocal parts.
* Raivavae and Rawa have thirteen lines.
* It is popular in the Cook Islands, where it is called "Imene Tuki".
# Luigi Arditi

Luigi Arditi (16 July 1822 – 1 May 1903) was an Italian violinist, composer and conductor.

## Life

Arditi was born in Crescentino, Piemonte, Kingdom of Sardinia. He began his musical career as a violinist, and studied music at the Milan Conservatory under Bernardo Ferrara (violin) and Nicola Vaccai (composition). He made his debut in 1843 as a director at Vercelli, and it was there that he was made an honorary member of the Philharmonic Academy. Arditi conducted opera throughout Italy and in 1846 travelled to Havana, Cuba to co-direct the opera orchestra there with the double bass player Giovanni Bottesini. Their company made long tours of America, and he subsequently moved there to conduct operas in New York, Philadelphia and other cities with the Max Maretzek Italian Opera Company until 1856. Then, following a visit to Constantinople, he decided to settle in London, but made several trips again to America with the Royal Italian Opera Company. He also conducted in Germany, and in other major European cities such as St. Petersburg, Vienna and Madrid. After 1885, he was in England, conducting at Covent Garden and in various prestigious theatres and promenade concerts in London's parks.
He died at Hove, near Brighton (England); he is buried in Hove Cemetery.

## Works

Arditi's best-known operas are: I Briganti, II Corsaro, and La Spia, ("The Spy"). In addition he wrote numerous songs and vocal waltzes, the most popular of which are "Il Bacio" ("The Kiss", dedicated to Marietta Piccolomini, to a text specially written by baritone Gottardo Aldighieri), "Le Tortorelle" ("The Doves", dedicated to Etelka Gerster), "Se Saran Rose" ("Rosebuds", also titled in English "Love in Springtime", dedicated to Adelina Patti), and "Parla" ("Speak!").
His Inno Turco (1856) for Sultan Abdülmecid I set to a Turkish text was later sung in London during the state visit of Sultan Abdülaziz at Crystal Palace by a British choir of 1600 in July 1867. The world premiere recording of Inno Turco, by Turkish music historian Dr Emre Araci with the Prague Symphony Orchestra and Philharmonic Choir, was released in 2005 by the Brilliant Classics label.
# Fiona Cheong

Fiona Cheong (born 1961) is a Singaporean-born novelist and academic. Cheong is currently an assistant professor at the University of Pittsburgh since 1995. She has written two novels, The Scent of the Gods (1991), which was nominated for a National Book Award, and Shadow Theatre (2002).

## Education

Although her father discouraged Cheong from pursuing a writing career, Cheong earned a B.A. in English and an M.F.A in creative writing from Cornell University. She has taught at Howard University, Cornell University, and at the Hurston-Wright Writers Workshop. She has also been a judge for the Drue Heinz Literature Prize and the Massachusetts Council for the Arts Awards. Alongside her teaching, she is also the co-founder of the Asian American Writers Forum and The Writers of Color Workshop at the University of Pittsburgh.

## Writing

Cheong's fiction primarily focuses on adolescent sexuality, postcolonial themes, and politics. Alongside The Scent of the Gods and Shadow Theatre, Cheong's work has also appeared in Charlie Chan Is Dead: An Anthology of Contemporary Asian American Fiction (1993), Tilting the Continent: Southeast Asian American Writing (2000).
She is also writing a book about teaching and writing. In addition to being a fiction writer, Cheong is interested in new ways of teaching students how to write and identifying how writers can overcome writer's block. She addresses the writing process in her graduate-level course, Studio for Creativity.

## Awards

Cheong received the Innovation in Education Award from the University of Pittsburgh's Provost Office in 2006. She also received an artist's fellowship from the Pennsylvania Council on the Arts in 2007, and a "Make It Your Own" Award from the Case Foundation for her project, Re-Imagining Our City, in 2008. The project aims to collaborate with youths in the area to create green space for the Hill District.