OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Outer trench swell

The outer trench swell, outer trench high, or outer rise is a subtle ridge on the seafloor near an oceanic trench, where a descending plate begins to flex and fault in preparation for its descent into the mantle at a subduction zone. The lithosphere is bent upwards by plate stresses, and is not in isostatic equilibrium (distinguish from the "outer ridge" of a forearc).

## Characteristics

Typically, the gravity field over the outer swell is about 50 mGal (0.5 mm/s²) higher than expected from isostasy, while gravity over the trench is about 200 mGal (2 mm/s²) less than that expected from isostatic considerations.
The bending of the plate is associated with tension in the upper 20 km, and shallow earthquakes, caused by tensional failure induced by the downward bending of the oceanic plate are common; about 20 extensional outer rise earthquakes with magnitude 5 or greater occur annually. Most tension axes are perpendicular to the trench, independent of the direction of relative motion between the two plates, indicating that failure is controlled by bending stresses in the plate. Plate bending also causes deeper (down to 50 km) earthquakes due to compression.
The wavelength and amplitude of this flexure can be used to constrain the state of stress across the plate boundary. The width of the outer rise is directly related to the flexural rigidity of the lithosphere. The thickness of the elastic lithosphere varies between 20 and 30 km for most trench profiles. Faulting related to plate bending and stair-stepping of the descending slab into the trench may allow seawater to infiltrate deep into the crust and perhaps upper mantle. This may lead to large scale formation of serpentinite in the upper mantle of the downgoing plate (Ranero et al., 2003).
Faulting of the downgoing plate results in a horst and graben structure that allows sediment that reaches the trench to be deposited in graben and carried downward. This faulting also breaks up seamounts as they approach the trench. The principal mechanism of frontal erosion may reflect combined effects of seamount tunneling, mass wasting and transport to the trench, deposition in a graben on the downgoing plate, and descent into the mantle.
Outer trench swells are geoscientific frontiers and much remains to be learned about them. Recent volcanoes have been discovered on ~135-million-year-old Pacific plate east of Japan (Hirano et al., 2006). These small alkalic volcanoes are small percent melts of asthenosphere that exploit bending-related lithospheric faults to reach the seafloor. Hirano et al., (2006) proposed that these small volcanoes erupted along lithospheric fractures in response to plate flexure during subduction. If bending-related faulting and serpentinization is an important process beneath outer trench swells, there are probably also abundant low-temperature hydrothermal vents on the swells, similar to those of the Lost City (hydrothermal field).
# Damase Pierre-Louis

Damase Pierre-Louis (1894–1945) was a Haitian historian, statesman, author, journalist and diplomat.
Pierre-Louis was born in Borgne, northern Haiti. He worked as a teacher of English at Collège Notre-Dame du Perpetuel Secours in Cap-Haitian, Haiti. He earned a law degree and was a lawyer as well. He also was a journalist and a diplomat, serving as the ambassador to France. He is best known for his political writing. He was candidate to senate for the department of North, Haiti in 1933. He died in prison in 1945.

## Selected works

* Le President Borno et la Liberation du territoire (1924)
* Les mensonges de notre democratie (1933)
* Pouvoir et Politique (1934)
# Ministry of Culture and Media (Croatia)

The ministry of Culture and Media (Croatian: Ministarstvo kulture i medija) is a ministry of the Croatian government in charge of preserving the country's natural and cultural heritage and overseeing its development. The ministry in its present form was created in 1994 in the Cabinet of Nikica Valentić, as the culture portfolio had previously been part of the Ministry of Education, Culture and Sports (1990–93) and the Ministry of Culture and Education (1993–94).

## List of ministers

The following is the list of officials who held the post of culture ministers since 1990. Unless otherwise noted, the portfolio only included culture, and officials were titled Ministers of Culture.
| Minister | Party | Term start | Term end | Days in office | Cabinet(s) |
| Vlatko Pavletić | HDZ | 31 May 1990 | 15 April 1992 | 685 | MesićManolićGregurić |
| Vesna Girardi-Jurkić | HDZ | 15 April 1992 | 18 October 1994 | 916 | GregurićŠarinićValentić |
| Zlatko Vitez | HDZ | 18 October 1994 | 7 November 1995 | 385 | Valentić |
| Božo Biškupić | HDZ | 7 November 1995 | 27 January 2000 | 1,542 | Mateša |
| Antun Vujić | SDP | 27 January 2000 | 23 December 2003 | 1,426 | Račan IRačan II |
| Božo Biškupić (2nd term) | HDZ | 23 December 2003 | 29 December 2010 | 2,563 | Sanader ISanader IIKosor |
| Jasen Mesić | HDZ | 29 December 2010 | 23 December 2011 | 359 | Kosor |
| Andrea Zlatar-Violić | HNS | 23 December 2011 | 25 March 2015 | 1,188 | Milanović |
| Berislav Šipuš | HNS | 25 March 2015 | 22 January 2016 | 273 | Milanović |
| Zlatko Hasanbegović | HDZ | 22 January 2016 | 19 October 2016 | 271 | Orešković |
| Nina Obuljen Koržinek | HDZ | 19 October 2016 | Incumbent | 2,945 | Plenković IPlenković IIPlenković III |
# Lee Se-in

Lee Se-In (born June 16, 1980) is a South Korea football player who plays for Chinese club Tianjin Songjiang. His previous club is Daejeon Citizen, Gangwon FC and Busan I'Park. He also played for Changchun Yatai in the Chinese Super League.

## Club career

He scored debut and second goal consecutively came on 13 May 2009, against National League side Incheon Korail in the first round of Korean FA Cup 2009.
On 9 January 2010, Lee transferred to Changchun Yatai. On 8 July 2011, he joined Busan I'Park.

## Club career statistics

    As of 8 July 2011
| Club performance | Club performance | Club performance | League | League | Cup | Cup | League Cup | League Cup | Continental | Continental | Total | Total |
| Season | Club | League | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Korea Republic | Korea Republic | Korea Republic | League | League | FA Cup | FA Cup | K-League Cup | K-League Cup | Asia | Asia | Total | Total |
| 2005 | Daejeon Citizen | K-League | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | - | - | 4 | 0 |
| 2006 | Daejeon Citizen | K-League | 5 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 5 | 0 | - | - | 11 | 0 |
| 2007 | Daejeon Citizen | K-League | 6 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 0 | - | - | 9 | 0 |
| 2008 | Busan I'Park | K-League | 3 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 0 | - | - | 6 | 0 |
| 2009 | Gangwon FC | K-League | 7 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 0 | - | - | 11 | 3 |
| China PR | China PR | China PR | League | League | FA Cup | FA Cup | League Cup | League Cup | Asia | Asia | Total | Total |
| 2010 | Changchun Yatai | Chinese Super League | 26 | 0 | - | - | - | - | 6 | 0 | 32 | 0 |
| Korea Republic | Korea Republic | Korea Republic | League | League | FA Cup | FA Cup | K-League Cup | K-League Cup | Asia | Asia | Total | Total |
| 2011 | Busan I'Park | K-League | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | - | - | 0 | 0 |
| Country | Korea Republic | Korea Republic | 23 | 1 | 5 | 2 | 13 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 41 | 3 |
| Country | China PR | China PR | 26 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 32 | 0 |
| Total | Total | Total | 49 | 1 | 5 | 2 | 13 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 73 | 3 |
# Siadak

Siadak or Siyadak (Persian: سيادك) may refer to:
* Siadak, Hirmand
* Siadak Deh Mardeh, Hirmand County
* Siadak, Sib and Suran
# Vetvenik

58°40′N 27°46′E﻿ / ﻿58.667°N 27.767°E﻿ / 58.667; 27.767
Vetvenik (Russian: Ве́твеник) is the second largest village of Yushkinskaya Volost which is a part of Gdovsky District of Pskov Oblast, Russia, located on the shore of Lake Peipus.
The population in 2002 was 89 people. Vetvenik is home to a primary school and a large church.
# Bostitch

Stanley Bostitch, previously and more commonly known as simply Bostitch, is an American company that specializes in the design and manufacture of fastening tools (such as staplers, staple guns, nailers, riveters, and glue guns) and fasteners (such as nails, screws, and staples). Its product range covers home, office, like the pencil sharpener, construction and industrial uses, like the power tool.
The company developed a number of improvements to what became the modern desk stapler. It is a subsidiary of Stanley Black & Decker. In August 2013, Stanley Black & Decker began selling tradesmen’s power tools and mechanics’ hand tools and pneumatic tools under the Bostitch brand at Walmart stores and online distributors.

## History

Bostitch was founded in Arlington, Massachusetts in 1896 by Thomas Briggs as the Boston Wire Stitcher Company. Briggs had invented a machine that stitched books from a coil of wire. The company began manufacturing various other kinds of staplers for industrial use.
It largely focused on commercial stitching machines. However, in 1914, the company introduced its first "portable stapling machine", the Model AO, considered an ancestor of the modern desk stapler. In 1924, the company introduced the first stapler to use modern style cohered strip staples, the Bostitch No. 1.
This was a revolutionary design because it was inexpensive and reliable. During World War II, the company joined five other firms to form the New England Small Arms Corporation for manufacture of M1918 Browning Automatic Rifles. In 1948, the company officially changed its name to BOSTITCH, a portmanteau of "Boston" and "stitch". In 1957, the company moved from Westerly, Rhode Island to its current location in East Greenwich, Rhode Island.
In 1966, Textron purchased the company, and in January 1986 Stanley Works acquired the company from Textron.

## Trivia

In the German part of Switzerland, Bostitch became a commonly used deonym (pendant to eponym). The verb "bostitchen" is a synonym for stapling and is even used in official documents.
# Dzoraglukh

40°34′49″N 44°29′07″E﻿ / ﻿40.58028°N 44.48528°E﻿ / 40.58028; 44.48528
Dzoraglukh (Armenian: Ձորագլուխ) is a village in the Aparan Municipality of the Aragatsotn Province of Armenia. The town's church, dedicated to Saint Hovhannes (Saint John), dates from the 10th to the 12th century.
# Arezoo Hakimi

Arezoo Hakimi Moghaddam (Persian: آرزو حکیمی مقدم; born in Hamedan, 18 April 1995) is an Iranian kayaker who was the youngest athlete in Iran team in 2012 Summer Olympics.
# Beryozovsky (inhabited locality)

Beryozovsky (Russian: Берёзовский; masculine), Beryozovskaya (Берёзовская; feminine), or Beryozovskoye (Берёзовское; neuter) is the name of several inhabited localities in Russia.

## Republic of Kalmykia

As of 2010, one rural locality in the Republic of Kalmykia bears this name:
* Beryozovskoye (rural locality), a selo in Yashaltinsky District

## Kemerovo Oblast

As of 2010, two inhabited localities in Kemerovo Oblast bear this name:
* Beryozovsky, Kemerovo Oblast, a town of oblast significance
* Beryozovsky (rural locality), Kemerovo Oblast, a rural locality (a settlement) under the jurisdiction of the urban-type settlement of Zelenogorsky

## Sverdlovsk Oblast

As of 2010, two inhabited localities in Sverdlovsk Oblast bear this name:
* Beryozovsky, Sverdlovsk Oblast, a town of oblast significance
* Beryozovsky (rural locality), Sverdlovsk Oblast, a rural locality (a settlement) in Beryozovsky Selsoviet of Alapayevsky District

## Volgograd Oblast

As of 2010, one rural locality in Volgograd Oblast bears this name:
* Beryozovskaya (rural locality), a stanitsa in Beryozovsky Selsoviet of Danilovsky District

## Other

* Beryozovsky, several rural localities in other federal subjects
# Let This Be Our Secret

Let This Be Our Secret is a true-crime book by award-winning British journalist Deric Henderson about how Colin Howell, aided and abetted by his mistress and fellow-Christian Hazel Stewart, callously killed their spouses and buried the truth for 18 years by making the deaths look like a suicide pact.

## Background

The pair, one the wife of a dentist the other an officer of the Royal Ulster Constabulary (R.U.C.), died in what was then believed to be a suicide pact, although they were not lovers.
The body of nurse Lesley Howell, 30, wearing Walkman earphones and clutching photos of her four children, lay on the back seat of a car. Constable Trevor Buchanan, 31, who was originally from near Omagh, lay dead in the front seat. The car was filled with exhaust fumes inside the garage of a house in the seaside town of Castlerock, County Londonderry, in Ulster in May 1991. An inquest heard that no crime was suspected, and returned verdicts of suicide.

## Howell's secret

Eighteen years later, in 2009, Howell's husband Colin Howell, 50, a dental implant specialist, church-goer and born-again Christian, contacted police. Colin Howell revealed that the two were murdered by their respective spouses at the time: himself and Sunday school teacher Hazel Buchanan (later, Stewart) who were in fact, lovers. Their relationship continued secretly for five years after the murders, and both later remarried.
Deric Henderson's 2011 book tells the story of dentist Howell and his lover with coverage of both trials and interviews of family members among others. A publication summary reads:
   A series of disasters in Howell's life – the death of his eldest son, massive losses in an investment scam and the revelation that he has been sexually assaulting female patients – lead to him declaring that he is a fraud and a godless man. He tells the elders of his Church that he and Hazel Stewart conspired together to murder their spouses nearly two decades earlier.

## TV series

Henderson's account became a 2016 TV miniseries titled The Secret, starring James Nesbitt as Colin Howell, with Genevieve O'Reilly as Hazel Buchanan, Laura Pyper as Lesley Howell, and Jason Watkins as Pastor John Hansford. The Secret is written by Stuart Urban, directed by Nick Murphy, and produced by Jonathan Curling; the executive producers are Hat Trick Productions' Mark Redhead and Stuart Urban.
# Davtashen (village)

40°22′N 43°58′E﻿ / ﻿40.367°N 43.967°E﻿ / 40.367; 43.967
Davtashen (Armenian: Դավթաշեն), known as Aylanlu until 1950, is a village in the Talin Municipality of the Aragatsotn Province of Armenia.
# Petropars

PetroPars (Persian: پتروپارس) is an Iranian oil and gas engineering services company, which is a subsidiary of NICO and a subsidiary of the National Iranian Oil Company.

## History

Petropars Company was established in 1997 by the Naftiran Intertrade (subsidiary of the National Iranian Oil Company) with the aim of implementing the development plan of South Pars Phase 1 as an Iranian capital general contractor company using the buyback method. The company's headquarters is located in Tehran. Petropars' main activity so far has been focused on the development of gas fields, the bulk of which relates to the development projects of Phases 1, 6, 7, 8, 11, 12 and 19 of the South Pars gas field. Other projects carried out by this company include the development of Kish gas field, the development of Farzad gas field, as well as the development of Cabinda North field and revamping an oil export terminal in Venezuela.
Between 2008 and 2009, Petropars progressed towards privatization, and in the first stage, the Privatization Organization estimated the base price of 61% of its shares, equivalent to 2120 billion Iranian Rial, which was transferred to a consortium consisting of Khatam-al Anbiya Construction Headquarters, and Astan Quds Razavi, but after a while, due to non-fulfillment of commitments and invalidity of bank documents, this contract was not implemented.
# B. Alijani

Bohloul Alijani (Persian: بهلول علیجانی) is an Iranian meteorologist. He works at Tehran University in Iran.

## Early life

He was born in 1946 in Chehregan. He earned a diploma with first prize in 1966 in Tasuj. He served in the army. He was hired as a teacher in Firoozkooh. He completed the natural geography college admissions test in October 1969, and was accepted in 1976 after many university teachers had emigrated to America. After studying for 5 years to earn a PhD in geography and climatology, he returned to Iran. His return coincided with the Islamic Revolution in Iran. The Iran-Iraq war led to the closure of universities and high schools.

## Career

Upon the reopening of the university at Yazd, he took up administrative and research activities. He wrote two important books on the foundations of climatology and introduction to the field of geography. He wrote many articles and papers in scientific journals. In 1983 he kjoined the Meteorological Organization in Tehran in 1985. In 1990 he collaborated with Tehran Tarbiat Modarres and transferred to the Tehran Teachers Training University (now the University of al-Khwarizmi).

## Works

* Synoptic climatology, samt, 2002
* Iran's climate, emissions PNU, 1995
* Fighting desertification in China, published by the Ministry of Agriculture
* Earth's climate, samt
# Tarq

Tarq (Persian: طرق) may refer to:
* Taroq
* Tarq, Isfahan
* Toroq (disambiguation)
# Sigrid Blomberg

Emma Emilia Sigrid Charlotte Blomberg (1863–1941) was a Swedish sculptor who focused on religious art. One of her most notable creations is Bebådelsen (The Annunciation, 1900), a marble statue depicting the Virgin Mary on her knees in prayer, her head turned upwards. It was the first sculpture by a woman to be acquired by the Swedish National Museum. After carving the wooden Madonna del Fuoco (Madonna of the Fire) in 1912, she had to abandon sculpture as a result of poor sight. Thereafter she made a living as a bookbinder.

## Biography

Born on 17 October 1863 in Fliseryd, Småland, Emma Emilia Sigrid Charlotte Blomberg was the daughter of the farmer Johan Alfred Blomberg (1828–1894) and Charlotta Eleonora née Lundqvist (1829–1895). Raised with her five siblings on her father's farm, she attended the Nisbeth Girls' School in Kalmar. Intending to become a carpenter, in 1888 she attended the Technical School in Stockholm. Suddenly discovering the possibilities of sculpting with clay, she went on to study at the Royal Swedish Academy of Art from 1889 to 1898, following Axel Tallberg's etching course (1895–1896). During this period, she spent three years studying in Germany, mainly in Dresden. In 1894, she was awarded the Academy's Hertigliga Medal for her sculpture Ormtjuserskan (Snake Charmer), subsequently purchased by Västerås Castle.
From 1896, she was awarded various scholarships which allowed her to continue her studies. During her final year at the Academy, she was awarded the Royal Medal for her figurines Kristus and Maria (Christ and Mary), part of a series of five she was creating for Oskarshamn Church (completed in 1899). In 1898, she used plaster to create a model for her most famous piece, Bebådelsen, which was initially displayed at the Academy. The final version in marble was created in Italy under Blomberg's supervision and was acquired by the National Museum in 1900. Depicting the Virgin Mary kneeling in prayer, it was greatly appreciated by visitors to the museum and was later mass-produced in terracotta miniatures which became popular in Swedish homes.
In 1900 she joined Nya Idun, a women's association. It was there she met Sigrid Leijonhufvud, whom she lived with. Thanks to the many commissions Blomberg received for producing religious works, she was able to maintain a studio in Italy between 1900 and 1912. She was commissioned to produce funerary monuments for the Östra Cemetery in Gothenburg and a sarcophagus for Viktor Rydberg's monument. In 1912, she created her last work, the wooden Madonna del Fuoco (Madonna of the Fire) inspired by the flames in her fireplace. Thereafter she earned her living as a bookbinder.
Sigrid Blomberg died in Karlstad on 28 January 1941.
# Spirit of Justice

Spirit of Justice is a 1933 cast aluminum statue depicting Lady Justice that stands on display along with its male counterpart Majesty of Justice in the Great Hall of the Robert F. Kennedy Department of Justice Building in Washington, D.C., the headquarters of the U.S. Department of Justice. The statue is of a woman wearing a toga-like dress with one breast revealed and arms raised and measures 12.5 feet (3.8 meters).

## History

The statue was commissioned in 1933 at a cost of $7,275 (equivalent to $171,200 in 2023), and was created by C. Paul Jennewein, who created a total of 57 sculptural elements for the building. Like most of the artwork and fixtures in the building, it is in an Art Deco style. Unlike many representations of Lady Justice, Spirit of Justice wears no blindfold, which is often utilized to symbolize blind justice.
The male statue, Majesty of Justice, is bare-chested.
The entrance to the Rayburn House Office Building also features a sculpture entitled The Majesty of the Law.

## Spirit of Justice and the Attorneys General

* In 1986, the statue was seen behind then–Attorney General Edwin Meese III as he discussed a report on pornography.
* In 2002, under John Ashcroft, curtains were installed blocking the statue from view during speeches. The curtains were first used on a rental basis during the administration of Dick Thornburgh. Justice officials long insisted that the curtains were put up to improve the room's use as a television backdrop and that Ashcroft had nothing to do with it. Ashcroft's successor, Alberto Gonzales, removed the curtains in June 2005.
* On May 7, 2007, National Journal's "Inside Washington" column reported that it was Monica Goodling who ordered drapes to be placed over the partially nude Spirit of Justice statue during Ashcroft's tenure as Attorney General. At the time, the department spent $8,000 on blue drapes to hide the two aluminum statues, according to spokesman Shane Hix.

## Popular culture

American singer-songwriter Tom Paxton wrote a humorous song entitled "John Ashcroft and the Spirit of Justice", inspired by the Attorney General's alleged covering of the statue, in 2002.
# St Peter and St Paul, Checkendon

St Peter and St Paul is the Church of England parish church of Checkendon, a village in Oxfordshire, England. Its parish is part of the Deanery of Henley in the Diocese of Oxford. Its earliest parts are 12th-century and it is a Grade I listed building.
The church is a Norman building. All but one of the windows were replaced later in the Middle Ages with Decorated Gothic and Perpendicular Gothic ones, and the Perpendicular Gothic west tower is also a later addition.
The church is served by Langtree Team Ministry, which is also responsible for St Mary’s Church in Ipsden, St Mary’s Church in North Stoke, St John the Evangelist Church in Stoke Row, St John the Baptist in Whitchurch Hill, St Mary’s Church in Whitchurch-on-Thames, and St Leonard’s Church in Woodcote.