# Fuhlsbüttel

Fuhlsbüttel is an urban quarter in the north of Hamburg, Germany in the Hamburg-Nord district. It is known as the site of Hamburg's international airport, and as the location of a prison which served as a concentration camp in the Nazi system of repression. As a result of boundary changes, JVA Fuhlsbüttel prison is now in Ohlsdorf, Hamburg.

## History

In 1871, at the declaration of the German Reich the village of Fuhlsbüttel was given to the State of Hamburg.

### Fuhlsbüttel airship base

From 1912 Luftschiffhafen (Airship Port) Fuhlsbüttel was the first hangar and headquarters of the Marine-Luftschiff-Abteilung (Naval Airship Division) of the German Kaiserliche Marine (Imperial Navy). From there and several new bases recon missions over the North Sea and bombing mission against England were flown during World War I.

### Fuhlsbüttel concentration camp

On 4 September 1933, seven months after Hitler’s appointment as Chancellor of Germany, parts of Fuhlsbüttel prison were converted into a concentration camp. It was initially placed under the command of the SA. Most of the inmates were Communists, Social Democrats and other political opponents of Nazism, Jews, Jehovah's Witnesses, Romani, homosexual men and others whom the regime wanted to lock up. In 1936, the Gestapo began running the camp, then called Polizeigefängnis Fuhlsbüttel (police prison). Over 700 people were interned in the camp following Kristallnacht in 1938. Fuhlsbüttel concentration camp was referred to in common parlance as KolaFu (abbreviated from Konzentrationslager Fuhlsbüttel) and became a synonym for oppression and death through hard labor. Fuhlsbüttel was often an initial point of incarceration for prisoners who were sent on to other camps such as Buchenwald, Esterwegen, Neuengamme, Ravensbrück or Sachsenhausen. The camp was liberated on 3 May 1945, by which time over 250 people had been murdered there.
There is a memorial for the camp nearby. A famous political prisoner held at the camp was First World War veteran – turned pacifist – Kapitänleutnant Hellmuth von Mücke. Women were also held at the camp, including Mary Pünjer, who was accused of lesbianism. In 1933 and1934, Jan Valtin was held at the camp.

## Geography

In 2006 according to the statistical office of Hamburg and Schleswig-Holstein, the quarter Fuhlsbüttel has a total area of 6.6 square kilometres (3 sq mi).

### Climate

Fuhlsbuettel has a typical oceanic climate (Köppen: Cfb).
Climate data for Hamburg-Fuhlsbuttel (Hamburg Airport), elevation: 15 m, 1961-1990 normals and extremes :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 12.8 (55.0) | 16.7 (62.1) | 23.0 (73.4) | 29.7 (85.5) | 29.2 (84.6) | 32.7 (90.9) | 33.2 (91.8) | 34.8 (94.6) | 30.3 (86.5) | 24.0 (75.2) | 20.2 (68.4) | 15.7 (60.3) | 34.8 (94.6) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 2.7 (36.9) | 3.8 (38.8) | 7.2 (45.0) | 11.9 (53.4) | 17.0 (62.6) | 20.2 (68.4) | 21.4 (70.5) | 21.6 (70.9) | 18.0 (64.4) | 13.3 (55.9) | 7.6 (45.7) | 4.0 (39.2) | 12.4 (54.3) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 0.5 (32.9) | 1.1 (34.0) | 3.7 (38.7) | 7.3 (45.1) | 12.2 (54.0) | 15.5 (59.9) | 16.8 (62.2) | 16.6 (61.9) | 13.5 (56.3) | 9.7 (49.5) | 5.1 (41.2) | 1.9 (35.4) | 8.7 (47.6) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −2.2 (28.0) | −1.8 (28.8) | 0.4 (32.7) | 3.0 (37.4) | 7.2 (45.0) | 10.4 (50.7) | 12.2 (54.0) | 11.9 (53.4) | 9.4 (48.9) | 6.3 (43.3) | 2.5 (36.5) | −0.7 (30.7) | 4.9 (40.8) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −20.8 (−5.4) | −18.7 (−1.7) | −13.8 (7.2) | −6.5 (20.3) | −2.2 (28.0) | 0.6 (33.1) | 4.2 (39.6) | 1.8 (35.2) | −0.6 (30.9) | −3.3 (26.1) | −15.4 (4.3) | −18.5 (−1.3) | −20.8 (−5.4) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 61.0 (2.40) | 41.0 (1.61) | 56.0 (2.20) | 51.0 (2.01) | 57.0 (2.24) | 74.0 (2.91) | 82.0 (3.23) | 70.0 (2.76) | 70.0 (2.76) | 63.0 (2.48) | 71.0 (2.80) | 72.0 (2.83) | 768 (30.23) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 12.0 | 9.0 | 11.0 | 10.0 | 10.0 | 11.0 | 12.0 | 11.0 | 11.0 | 10.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 131 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 42.2 | 67.0 | 104.7 | 160.7 | 216.8 | 221.8 | 206.7 | 207.3 | 141.1 | 100.7 | 53.0 | 35.2 | 1,557.2 |
| Source: NOAA View climate chart 1986-2016 or 1960-1990 ||||||||||||||

## Demographics

As of 2006, 11,890 people were living in the Fuhlsbüttel quarter. The population density was 1,806/km$^2$ (4,678/sq mi). 14.6% were children under the age of 18, and 20.5% were 65 years of age or older. 9.7% were immigrants. 508 people were registered as unemployed. In 1999 there were 6,768 households and 49.7% of all households were made up of individuals.
According to the Department of Motor Vehicles (Kraftfahrt-Bundesamt), 5,004 private vehicles were registered in the Fuhlsbüttel quarter (425 vehicles/1,000 people).
There were two elementary schools and one secondary school in the Fuhlsbüttel quarter and 26 physicians in private practice and five pharmacies.

## Politics

These are the results of Fuhlsbüttel in the Hamburg state election:
| Election | SPD | Greens | CDU | Left | AfD | FDP | Others |
| 2020 | 39,9 % | 25,7 % | 09,4 % | 08,1 % | 05,6 % | 05,1 % | 06,2 % |
| 2015 | 49,3 % | 10,8 % | 16,0 % | 07,2 % | 06,1 % | 07,0 % | 03,6 % |
| 2011 | 53,0 % | 09,8 % | 20,4 % | 05,5 % | – | 07,0 % | 04,3 % |
| 2008 | 34,1 % | 09,7 % | 43,9 % | 05,8 % | – | 04,5 % | 02,0 % |
| 2004 | 30,3 % | 11,0 % | 49,5 % | – | – | 02,9 % | 06,3 % |
| 2001 | 37,5 % | 08,5 % | 26,3 % | 00,5 | – | 05,2 % | 24,0 % |

## Transport

Fuhlsbüttel is served by the Hamburg U-Bahn (underground) line U1, with two stations, Fuhlsbüttel and Fuhlsbüttel Nord (formerly called Flughafenstraße).
Since December 2008, Fuhlsbüttel has also been served by the Hamburg S-Bahn S1 with the Hamburg Airport station.

## Notable buildings

* St. Marien Lutheran Church