OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Kos (unit)

The kos (Hindi: कोस), also spelled coss, koss, kosh, koh(in Punjabi), krosh, and krosha, is a unit of measurement which is derived from a Sanskrit term, क्रोश krośa, which means a 'call', as the unit was supposed to represent the distance at which another human could be heard. It is an ancient Indian subcontinental standard unit of distance, in use since at least 4 BCE. According to the Arthashastra, a krośa or kos is about 3,000 metres (9,800 ft).
Another conversion is based on the Mughal emperor Akbar, who standardized the unit to 5000 guz in the Ain-i-Akbari. The British in India standardized Akbar's guz to 33 inches (840 mm), making the kos approximately 4,191 metres (13,750 ft). Another conversion suggested a kos to be approximately 2 English miles.

## Arthashastra Standard units

The "Arthashastra: Chapter XX. "Measurement of space and time", authored in 4th century BC by Chanakya (Vishnugupta Kauṭilya), sets this standard breakup of Indian units of length:
* 1 angul (approximate width of a finger) = approx. 3⁄4 of an inch (19 mm)
* 4 angul = 1 dhanurgrah (bow grip) = 3 inches (76 mm)
* 8 angul = 1 dhanurmushti (fist with thumb raised) = 6 inches (150 mm)
* 12 angul = 1 vitastaa (span-distance of stretched out palm between the tips of a person's thumb and the little finger) = 9 inches (230 mm)
* 2 vitastaa (from the tip of the elbow to the tip of the middle finger) = 1 aratni or hast (cubit or haath) = 18 inches (460 mm)
* 4 aratni (haath) = 1 dand or dhanush (bow) = 6 feet (1.8 m);
* 10 dand = 1 rajju = 60 feet (18 m)
* 2 rajju = 1 paridesh = 120 feet (37 m)
* 10 rajju = 1 goruta = 219 yards (1/8 mi; 200 m)
* 10 goruta= 1 krosha/kos = nearly 3,350 yards (3,060 metres; 1.90 miles)

## Conversion to SI units and imperial units

Kos may also refer to roughly 1.8 kilometres (1.1 mi) Arthashastra standard unit of kos or krosha is equal to 3075 metres in SI units and 1.91 miles in imperial units.

## Usage of kos

Evidence of official usage exists from the Vedic period to the Mughal era. Elderly people in many rural areas of the Indian subcontinent still refer to distances from nearby areas in kos. Most Hindu religious Parikrama circuits are measured in kos, such as 48 kos parikrama of Kurukshetra. Along India's old highways, particularly the Grand Trunk Road, one still finds 16th to early 18th century Kos Minars, or mile markers, erected at distances of a little over two miles.
# Loktyonok

Loktyonok (Russian: Локтёнок) is a rural locality (village) in Krasnozyorsky District, Novosibirsk Oblast, Russia. It is part of the Kolybelsky Village Council.
Population: 481 (2010 Census); 554 (2002 Census);

## Geography

Loktyonok lies in the southern part of the Baraba Plain, straddling both banks of the Karasuk. There are a number of oxbow lakes in the vicinity, the largest of which is Kornoukhovo, to the southeast of the village. Krasnozyorskoye, the district capital, lies 14 kilometers (8.7 mi) to the ENE.
# Kazangan

Kazangan (Persian: كزنگان) may refer to:
* Kazangan-e Olya
* Kazangan-e Sofla
# Fani Papageorgiou

Fani Papageorgiou (born 1975 in Athens, Greece) is a poet and critic.

## Background and education

Fani Papageorgiou is a graduate of Harvard University, the University of Edinburgh and Athens College.

## Books

* When You Said No, Did You Mean Never? poetry, (Shearsman Books, January 2013) ISBN 978-1-84861-265-5
* Not So Ill With You and Me poetry, (Shearsman Books, May 2015) ISBN 9781848614383
* The Purloined Letter, (Shearsman Books, coming in 2017) ISBN 9781848615649

## Translations

Cuando Dijiste No Querías Decir Nunca (Bartleby Editores, 2015)
# Sterling R. Cockrill (judge)

Sterling Robertson Cockrill (September 26, 1847 – January 12, 1901) was chief justice of the Arkansas Supreme Court from 1884 to 1893.

## Early life, education and military service

Born in Nashville, Tennessee, to a father also named Sterling Robertson Cockrill and Henrietta McDonald Cockrill, the family moved to Pine Bluff, Arkansas, in 1855, where Cockrill was raised. At the outbreak of the American Civil War, Cockrill was attending school in Nashville, after which he entered the military school at Marietta, Georgia. At age 16, he volunteered in the Confederate States Army, becoming a sergeant of artillery in Johnston's army at the age of 17, in the latter days of the war.
After the war he received an undergraduate degree from Washington College (now Washington and Lee University), in Lexington, Virginia, and thereafter graduated from Cumberland School of Law, in Lebanon, Tennessee, in 1870. In October of that year, he moved to Little Rock, Arkansas, in October, 1870, where he would reside for the rest of his life. Entering the practice of law, he soon became associated in the practice with Hon. Augustus H. Garland, as Garland & Cockrill, which continued until Garland became governor in 1874.

## Judicial service

In 1884, on the death of Chief Justice Elbert H. English, Cockrill was nominated for the position by the state Democratic convention, and was elected later that year, at the age of 37. He was reelected in September, 1888. As chief justice, Cockrill supported codification of procedures and upheld legislative enactments from the Reconstruction era, aligning Arkansas with national standards. Cockrill presided over several significant cases. In Beard v. State, 43 Ark. 284 (1884), he upheld a law penalizing the sale of mortgaged crop parts, emphasizing the importance of legislative authority. In Maddox v. Neal, 45 Ark. 121 (1885), he supported opening a school for Black children in Crawford County, reflecting a commitment to equal educational access despite financial constraints.
On May 1, 1893, he resigned as chief justice and returned to the private practice of law. For a time he was a partner of Judge George H. Sanders, and for several years was associated with his son, Ashley Cockrill, under the firm name of Cockrill & Cockrill. He had a very extensive practice in state and federal courts.

## Personal life and death

In May 1872, Cockrill married Mary Ashley Freeman, granddaughter of former U.S. senator Chester Ashley and Episcopal Bishop George Freeman. They had five sons and a daughter. Cockrill died of pneumonia following a bout of influenza. His passing was widely mourned, and he was interred at Mount Holly Cemetery in Little Rock.
A later Sterling R. Cockrill, descended from the same ancestors, was a civic leader and elected official in Arkansas.
# Anton Stamitz

Anton Thadäus Johann Nepomuk Stamitz (November 1750 – c. 1798–1809) was a German composer and violinist. He was born in the Holy Roman Empire.
Anton was born during a family visit to Německý Brod and baptised there on 27 November 1750. He and his brother Carl received their first violin instruction from their father Johann. After their father's death in 1757 they were taken on as students by Christian Cannabich, who had been a student of their father's. Both were by this time already violinists in the Mannheimer Kapelle and participated in its development.
In 1770, with his brother Carl, he visited Paris and established himself there. Between 1782 and 1789 he played in the King's court orchestra in Versailles, and obtained the title ordinaire de la musique du roi. He was the violin teacher of Rodolphe Kreutzer.
His biography after the French Revolution in 1789 is not known, but he probably died in Paris or Versailles. He may have died as late as 1809.

## Selected list of works

* Three sets of symphonies: 3 as Op. 1 (1783–1784), 3 as Op. 2 (1784), 6 as Op. 3 (c.1785–1788), 3 as Op. 4 (c.1788–1793)
* At least four concertos, in B-flat, F (1779), G and D, for viola d'amore, now also performed on the viola
* About twenty violin concertos
* Several flute concertos
* A concerto for two flutes in G
* Four concertos for two clarinets or clarinet and violin
* Several string quartets and symphonies
* Caprices for solo flute (partially not authentic, four caprices, no. 5–8 of the original print by Baillon, are almost certainly by Joseph Tacet from his op. 1)
* Six duos for two flutes, published as his Opus 1
* A sinfonia concertante in D for two flutes and orchestra
# Oskar Johansson (footballer)

Oskar Johansson (born 27 December 1990) is a Swedish footballer who plays for Karlslunds IF as a defender.
# Roger Baxter

Roger Baxter (1784–1827) was an English Jesuit who traveled to the United States in 1817 to serve as a Catholic missionary in Maryland, Virginia and Pennsylvania. From 1819 to 1824, he served as Prefect of Studies at the newly founded Georgetown College (now Georgetown University). After a year in Europe in 1825, he left the Society of Jesus but returned to the US and continued to serve missions in the mid-Atlantic. He died in Philadelphia.

## Life

Baxter was a native of Walton-le-Dale, near Preston, in Lancashire. He studied at Stonyhurst College. He entered the Society of Jesus in 1810. In 1816, in response to a letter of Rev. T. C. Holland, Baxter wrote a letter printed in the Preston Chronicle in defense of the Trinity.
Baxter arrived in Georgetown in early 1817 bearing a letter of introduction from Charles Plowden, Rector of Stonyhurst and head of the English province of Jesuits, to Giovanni Antonio Grassi, superior of the Jesuits' Maryland mission and the president of Georgetown College. He was ordained shortly after his arrival by Archbishop Neale on 31 May 1817.
Between 9 May and 1 December 1817, a theological controversy was carried on between Baxter and W. H. Wilmer, Episcopal minister of St. Paul's church, Alexandria, Virginia regarding the tenets of Catholicism. Baxter's letters were published in the Alexandria Gazette, and Wilmer's in the Alexandria Herald. Baxter is described as "a man conspicuous for his learning, eloquence, and zeal in defense of the faith".
After occasionally visiting Richmond, Virginia in 1818, Baxter became the resident priest there the following year. Most of the congregation were Irish immigrants who had come to work on the James River and Kanawha Canal. Known as an effective preacher, Baxter gave the address at the dedication of the Cathedral of the Assumption in Baltimore on 31 May 1821.
After October 1819, Baxter served at Georgetown College until 1824, where he was Prefect of Studies and a philosophy professor. Baxter went to Europe for a year. Afterwards he severed ties with the Society and stayed some time in England before returning to the United States.
He continued to serve the missions of Maryland and Pennsylvania, and died at St. Joseph's Residence in Philadelphia on 24 May 1827 at the age of forty-three. He was buried in "The Bishop's Ground". In 1841 his remains were moved to Holy Cross Cemetery.

## Works

* "Remarks on a Sermon preached by the Rev. J. Le Mesurier, B.D., in which the invocation of saints and angels, as now practised in the church of Rome, is attempted to be shown as idolatrous", London 1816.
* "The most important Tenets of Roman Catholics fairly explained", Washington, 1819, Philadelphia, 1845, often reprinted.
* Meditations For Every Day In The Year, (Roger Baxter S.J. ed.) New York, Benziger Brothers, 1823.
# Blue knifefish

The blue knifefish (Labracoglossa nitida) is a species of marine ray-finned fish, a member of the family Scorpididae. It is native to the Pacific Ocean waters off eastern Australia over to New Zealand, where it occurs at depths reaching from the surface to 20 m (66 ft) in inshore waters over reefs. It can reach a length of 20 cm (7.9 in), though most do not exceed 15 cm (5.9 in).
# Callechelys leucoptera

Callechelys leucoptera is an eel in the family Ophichthidae (worm/snake eels). It was described by Jean Cadenat in 1954. It is a tropical, marine eel which is known from the eastern Atlantic Ocean, including Senegal to Côte d'Ivoire. It is known to dwell at a depth of 45 metres. It inhabits shallow waters where it forms burrows in the sand, which are sometimes exposed during low tide. Males can reach a maximum total length of 73 centimetres, but more commonly reach a TL of 50 centimetres.
Callechelys leucoptera is preyed upon by the African wedgefish (Rhynchobatus luebberti) and the white grouper (Epinephelus aeneus).
# Davidson's Mains railway station

Davidson's Mains railway station served the district of Davidson's Mains, Edinburgh, Scotland from 1894 to 1951 on the Barnton Branch.

## History

The station opened as Barnton Gate on 1 March 1894 by the Caledonian Railway. The station's name was changed to Davidson's Mains on 1 April 1903. To the southeast was Davidson's Mains Goods Yard. It was located next to Barnton House instead of Davidson's Mains, which was to the southeast. The station closed on 7 May 1951 along with the line. The site is now housing.
# 1983 Nicholls State Colonels football team

The 1983 Nicholls State Colonels football team represented Nicholls State University as an independent during the 1983 NCAA Division I-AA football season. Led by third-year head coach Sonny Jackson, the Colonels compiled a record of 5–6. Nicholls State played home games at John L. Guidry Stadium in Thibodaux, Louisiana.

## Schedule

| Date | Opponent | Rank | Site | Result | Attendance |
| September 3 | Lamar | | John L. Guidry StadiumThibodaux, LA | W 21–14 | |
| September 10 | at Troy State | | Veterans Memorial StadiumTroy, AL | L 25–33 | 6,000 |
| September 24 | at No. 2 McNeese State | | Cowboy StadiumLake Charles, LA | W 30–27 | 20,000 |
| October 1 | No. 4 Jackson State | No. 18 | John L. Guidry StadiumThibodaux, LA | L 20–27 | |
| October 8 | Southern | | John L. Guidry StadiumThibodaux, LA | L 20–21 | |
| October 15 | at No. 8 Northeast Louisiana | | Malone StadiumMonroe, LA | L 27–47 | |
| October 22 | Illinois State | | John L. Guidry StadiumThibodaux, LA | L 29–34 | |
| October 29 | Southwest Missouri State | | John L. Guidry StadiumThibodaux, LA | W 33–7 | |
| November 5 | Northwestern State | | John L. Guidry StadiumThibodaux, LA (rivalry) | L 21–24 | |
| November 12 | at UCF | | Florida Citrus BowlOrlando, FL | W 37–14 | 4,520 |
| November 19 | at Southeastern Louisiana | | Strawberry StadiumHammond, LA (rivalry) | W 6–0 | 2,000 |
| Rankings from NCAA Division I-AA Football Committee Poll released prior to the game |||||||
# Julien Leclercq (director)

Julien Leclercq (French pronunciation:; born 7 August 1979) is a French film director, screenwriter and producer.
Julien Leclercq began his career in 2004 with the production of the short film Transit, in which he explored a retro-future world populated by half-flesh, half-metal beings. The short film got the attention of the producer Franck Chorot and Gaumont, who promptly offered Leclercq a budget of 8.7 million euros to produce his first feature film Chrysalis, the story of a police lieutenant (played by Albert Dupontel) who tries to find his wife's killer in a Paris of 2025. Leclercq returned to reality to undertake the ambitious project of L'Assaut, a film about the hijack of the Paris-Algiers flight in December 1994.
His work includes directing the 2013 film The Informant, producing the 2014 film L'Affaire SK1, and writing and directing the 2015 film Braqueurs.

## Filmography

| Year | Title | Credited as | Credited as | Credited as | Notes |
| Year | Title | Director | Screenwriter | Producer | Notes |
| 2000 | Visions | Yes | | | Short film |
| 2002 | Welcome | Yes | | | Short film |
| 2004 | Transit | Yes | Yes | Yes | Short film |
| 2007 | Chrysalis | Yes | Yes | | |
| 2010 | The Assault | Yes | Yes | Yes | |
| 2013 | The Informant | Yes | | | |
| 2014 | SK1 | | | Yes | |
| 2015 | The Crew | Yes | Yes | Yes | |
| 2018 | A Bluebird in My Heart | | | Yes | |
| 2018 | Budapest | | | Yes | |
| 2018 | The Bouncer | Yes | | Yes | |
| 2020 | Earth and Blood | Yes | Yes | | |
| 2021 | Sentinelle | Yes | Yes | Yes | |
| 2021 | Ganglands | Yes | Yes | Yes | TV series |
| 2024 | The Wages of Fear | Yes | Yes | Yes | |
# List of artillery

Artillery has been one of primary weapons of war since before the Napoleonic Era. Several countries have developed and built artillery systems, while artillery itself has been continually improved and redesigned to meet the evolving needs of the battlefield. This has led to a multitude of different types and designs which have played a role in the history of warfare and continue to be a significant factor in modern combat.
For the most part, the following lists of artillery cover guns, howitzers, mortars, and other large projectile weapons. Small arms and missiles are not generally included, though rockets and other bombardment weapons may be. For a more complete listing of various weapons, see list of weapons.

## By name

    See list of artillery by name

## By type

    See full list of artillery by type or jump to a specific type from the list below:
| Field artillery Field guns Self-propelled artillery Self-propelled field guns Howitzers Self-propelled howitzers Gun-howitzers Gun-mortars Quick-firing guns Infantry support guns Self-propelled infantry guns Mountain artillery Muzzle-loading guns Siege artillery | Specialized guns Anti-aircraft guns Anti-tank guns Assault guns Autocannons Coastal artillery Nuclear artillery Recoilless rifles Self-propelled anti-aircraft guns Self-propelled anti-tank guns Large-calibre artillery Coilgun Railgun | Mortars Heavy mortars Infantry mortars Self-propelled mortars Rockets Rocket artillery Transport-built-in artillery Airborne guns Naval guns Railway guns Tank guns Self-propelled gun Self-propelled anti-aircraft weapon |

## By caliber

List of the largest cannon by caliber

## By country

    See full list of artillery by country or jump to a specific country in the table below:
| Argentina Australia Austria Belgium Brazil Canada China Croatia Czech Republic/Czechoslovakia Finland France Georgia Germany Greece | Hungary India Indonesia Iran Israel Italy Japan Mexico Nepal Netherlands New Zealand Norway Pakistan Philippines Portugal Poland | Romania Serbia Singapore South Africa Soviet Union and Russia Spain Sweden Switzerland Syria Taiwan Thailand Turkey United Kingdom United States Yugoslavia |
# Nacra 17 European Championship

Nacra 17 European Championship is an annual European Championship sailing regatta in the Nacra 17 class organised by the Nacra 17 Class.

## Editions

| Year | City | Country | Dates | Athletes | Nations | Notes |
| 2013 | Dervio | Italy | 18–24 August | | | |
| 2014 | La Grande-Motte | France | 4–12 July | | | |
| 2015 | Barcelona | Spain | 26 September – 3 October | | | |
| 2016 | Thessaloniki | Greece | 16–24 September | | | Event cancelled due to lack of participants |
| 2017 | Kiel | Germany | 16–24 September | | | |
| 2018 | Gdynia | Poland | 8–13 July | | | |
| 2019 | Weymouth | United Kingdom | 13–19 May | | | |
| 2020 | Lake Attersee | Austria | 29 September – 4 October | 60 | 16 | |
| 2021 | Thessaloniki | Greece | 14–19 September | 30 | 11 | |
| 2022 | Aarhus | Denmark | 5–10 July | 66 | 18 | |
| 2023 | Vilamoura | Portugal | 8–13 November | 76 | 19 | |
| 2024 | Palermo | Italy | 6–10 November | 36 | 13 | |

## Medalists

| Yearvte | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| 2013 Dervio | Netherlands Mandy Mulder Coen de Koning | | |
| 2014 La Grande Motte | Spain Iker Martínez Tara Pacheco | | |
| 2015 Barcelona | Great Britain Ben Saxton Nicola Groves | | |
| 2017 Kiel | Italy Ruggero Tita Caterina Banti | Spain Fernando Echávarri Tara Pacheco | Great Britain Ben Saxton Katie Dabson |
| 2018 Gdynia | Italy Ruggero Tita Caterina Banti | Spain Fernando Echávarri Tara Pacheco | Denmark CP Lübeck Lin Cenholt |
| 2019 Weymouth | Great Britain Ben Saxton Nicola Boniface | Great Britain John Gimson Anna Burnet | Denmark CP Lübeck Lin Cenholt |
| 2020 Lake Attersee | Italy Ruggero Tita Caterina Banti | France Quentin Delapierre Manon Audinet | Italy Vittorio Bissaro Maelle Frascari |
| 2021 Thessaloniki | Great Britain John Gimson Anna Burnet | Italy Gianluigi Ugolini Alice Cialfi | France Titouan Pétard Lou Berthomieu |
| 2022 Aarhus | Italy Ruggero Tita Caterina Banti | Finland Sinem Kurtbay Akseli Keskinen | Italy Gianluigi Ugolini Maria Giubilei |
| 2023 Vilamoura | Great Britain John Gimson Anna Burnet | Italy Ruggero Tita Caterina Banti | Italy Gianluigi Ugolini Maria Giubilei |
# Giraffe-spotted snake eel

Chauligenion camelopardalis, also known as the giraffe-spotted snake eel, is a species of fish in the family Ophichthidae found in the Pacific Ocean. This species occurs at the west of Okinawa in the East China Sea. This species is the only known member of the genus Chauligenion.
# Gut Check

Gut Check may refer to:
* Gut Check (House), an episode of the TV series House
* Gut Check (NCIS), an episode of the TV series NCIS
* Gut Check (Friday Night Lights), an episode of the TV series Friday Night Lights
* TNA Gut Check, a professional wrestling contest
# Kévin Cabral

Kévin Cabral (born 10 July 1999) is a French professional footballer who plays as a winger for Major League Soccer club Colorado Rapids.

## Career
### Valenciennes

Cabral was a youth product of Paris Saint-Germain before moving to Valenciennes in 2017. He made his professional debut in a 1–0 Ligue 2 loss to Orléans on 19 October 2018.

### LA Galaxy

On 8 April 2021, Cabral signed a five-year deal with Major League Soccer club LA Galaxy.

### Colorado Rapids

On 8 December 2022, Cabral was traded by LA Galaxy to Colorado Rapids in exchange for up to $1 million in General Allocation Money.

## Personal life

Born in France, Cabral is of Cape Verdean descent. His twin brother, Rémi, is also a footballer and plays for Colorado Rapids 2 in the MLS Next Pro.

## Career statistics

    As of 15 September 2024
Appearances and goals by club, season and competition :
| Club | Season | League | League | League | National cup | National cup | Continental | Continental | Other | Other | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Valenciennes | 2018–19 | Ligue 2 | 12 | 2 | 1 | 0 | — | — | — | — | 13 | 2 |
| Valenciennes | 2019–20 | Ligue 2 | 22 | 1 | 2 | 0 | — | — | 1 | 0 | 25 | 1 |
| Valenciennes | 2020–21 | Ligue 2 | 29 | 7 | 3 | 3 | — | — | — | — | 32 | 10 |
| Valenciennes | Total | Total | 63 | 10 | 6 | 3 | — | — | 1 | 0 | 70 | 13 |
| LA Galaxy | 2021 | MLS | 28 | 5 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 28 | 5 |
| LA Galaxy | 2022 | MLS | 33 | 1 | 4 | 2 | — | — | 2 | 0 | 39 | 3 |
| LA Galaxy | Total | Total | 61 | 6 | 4 | 2 | — | — | 2 | 0 | 67 | 8 |
| Colorado Rapids | 2023 | MLS | 27 | 2 | 3 | 0 | 2 | 1 | — | — | 32 | 3 |
| Colorado Rapids | 2024 | MLS | 22 | 5 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 22 | 5 |
| Colorado Rapids | Total | Total | 49 | 7 | 3 | 0 | 2 | 1 | — | — | 54 | 8 |
| Colorado Rapids 2 | 2023 | MLS Next Pro | 1 | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1 | 0 |
| Career Total | Career Total | Career Total | 174 | 23 | 13 | 5 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 192 | 29 |
* ↑ Appearance(s) in Coupe de la Ligue
* ↑ Appearance(s) in MLS Cup Playoffs
* ↑ Appearance(s) in Leagues Cup
# František Kříž

František Kříž (18 May 1884 – 30 July 1966) was a fencer who competed for Bohemia in 1912 and Czechoslovakia in 1928.