OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# DAV College, Chandigarh

DAV College is a co-educational college in Sector 10, Chandigarh, India. It was established in 1958 and is affiliated to the Panjab University, Chandigarh. The college is awarded 'A' Grade by NAAC. It is managed by the Dayanand Anglo-Vedic College Trust and Management Society.
The college various faculties - Arts, Science, Commerce, Diploma in Management, etc. - that offers several courses at undergraduate and postgraduate level.

## History

The college was founded in 1958, when the city of Chandigarh was in its infancy. The college belongs to the family of DAV institutions, founded by Mahatma Hans Raj.

## Accreditation

The college has been awarded 'A' Grade by NAAC. It is ranked - Commerce 45, BCA 21, Arts 35 and Science 33, as per a survey by India Today, June 2020.
The National Institute of Educational Planning and Administration (NIEPA) has declared the college a "Model College". It has launched postgraduate programmes in I.T., Commerce, English, Bioinformatics, Biotechnology, Chemistry, Maths, Zoology, Psychology, Public Administration, Sociology, Business Economics; and postgraduate diplomas.

## Notable alumni

* Vikram Batra
* Rajiv Pratap Rudy
* Kaiku Rajkumar
* Ayushmann Khurrana
* Rochak Kohli
* Amit Rawal
* Narender Singh Ahlawat
* Lawrence Bishnoi
* Kapil Dev
* Yuvraj Singh
* Yograj Singh
* Dinesh Mongia
* Neeraj Chopra,
* Anjum Moudgil
* Jeev Milkha Singh.
* Manu Bhaker
# Slovaks in Austria

Slovaks in Austria (Austrian German: Österreichisch Slowaken; Slovak: Rakúski Slováci) have a history dating back to the early centuries of the Common Era. Currently, there are 35,326 Slovaks in Austria as of 2016. Large communities of Slovaks can be found in Vienna and Lower Austria, with a smaller community in Styria.

## History
### Prior to the 20th century

Between the fifth and ninth centuries AD, Slovaks controlled the eastern part of what is now considered Lower Austria, where many ethnic Slovaks still remain.
From the 1880s the 1890s, around 230,000 Czechs and Slovaks emigrated to Austria proper, mainly for construction work and other menial labor jobs in the larger cities, particularly Vienna. At the turn of the century, an estimated 70,000 Slovak speakers in Austria, the vast majority being concentrated in Vienna and Marchfeld. Over the next 14 years, this number was decimated to 20,000.

### Modern history

After the foundation of Czechoslovak Republic in 1918, many Slovaks emigrated back to the Slovakia region. In the 1923 census, only 5,000 Slovacophones declared their language.
In 1976, as part of the Treaties of St. German and Brno and the Austrian Ethnic Groups Act, Slovaks were recognized as an autochthonous ethnicity, and freedom to use the Slovak language officially was permitted.
In recent years, many thousands of Slovaks have emigrated from Slovakia, mainly due to the open borders of the European Union. The population of Slovaks had increased by 800% in 2016.

## Notable Slovak Austrians

* Carl Ludwig Doleschall, scientist
* Jan Jesenius, physician and professor of anatomy
* Konstantin Jireček, politician and Slavist
* Boris Prokopič, footballer for SC Rheindorf Altach
* Ludwig Schwarz, bishop of the Diocese of Linz
* Tomáš Šimkovič, footballer for FC Tobol
* Thomas Vanek, ice hockey player for the NHL's Florida Panthers
# Biem language

Biem, or Bam, is an Oceanic language of northeast New Guinea, spoken on Bam, Blup Blup, Kadovar, and Vial (also known as Wei) islands (eastern four of the Schouten Islands) off the coast of Wewak.
# Thomas Noble (poet)

Thomas Noble (1772–1837) was an English poet.

## Works

* The Dawn of Peace, an Ode, with other pieces ([London]: Ginger, 1801);
* Zelomer, a romance, translated from the French (12mo., 1801)
* Blackheath; a Poem in Five Cantos. Lumena; or the Ancient British Battle: and Various Other Poems; Including a Translation of the First Book of the Argonautica of C. Valerius Flaccus, and other poems (4to., London: J. B. Courthope, Richardsons, Harris, and Chapple, 1808);
* The Persian Hunters, or, The Rose of Gurgistan: an opera (London: Sherwood, Neely, and Jones, 1817);
* Poems (Liverpool/London: printed for the author by Smith and Melling/Carpenter and Son, 1821);
* Julia, or Pre-existent Spirits, in Quaternion Rhymes: The Meditative Minstrel, in Blank Verse... (Derby/London: W. and W. Pike/Charles Tilt, [1828]).

### Translation of the Latin Argonautica

Henry George Blomfield praised Noble's verse translation of the Argonautica of Valerius Flaccus in the preface to his own prose translation:
   I must record my deep and lasting sense of gratitude to the work of a most undeservedly forgotten poet, Thomas Noble, the author, already referred to, of the only existing translation in any language of any part of Valerius Flaccus. Noble only translated one book, in verse, but he was a poet himself, and he has caught the spirit and fire of his author, and has given us a delightful, and at the same time a most faithful, version of Valerius. He seldom shirks a difficulty, as verse translators are in the habit of doing; and a word or a phrase in Noble's translation, or more often his rendering of a whole passage, has in many cases led me to the true significance of the lines I was dealing with. His version will repay careful attention as an English poem, and should be read for its own sake even by those who have not the inclination, the leisure, or the ability to peruse the original. Certainly no student, at any rate no English-speaking or English-knowing student, of the Argonautica can afford to neglect Noble's contribution to the study of that poem. I think there is no one who has read the translation of the first book side by side with the original but must feel a deep sense of regret that such a fine scholar and poet, and one withal who understood his author so well, should have been cut off thus in the ripeness of manhood, his life's work and magnum opus (for so, I think, we are justified in regarding it) still imperfect and unaccomplished.
It is prefaced by a discursive introduction, and some notes, mainly mythological, are appended to the translation. The author contemplated a metrical version of the remaining seven books, and even proposed to take the story down to the end of the voyage, and so bring to a conclusion what Valerius himself had left unfinished; but he never lived to complete even the extant portion of the poem, much less fulfil the further task which he had set himself.

## Namesake

A contemporary Thomas Noble wrote A complete Book of Practical Perspective, exemplified in landscape (4to., 1805).
# Koba language

Koba is a language spoken on the Aru Islands of eastern Indonesia. It is close to Dobel, though mutual comprehension is low.
# Sassnitz station

Sassnitz (German: Bahnhof Sassnitz) is a railway station in the town of Sassnitz, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany. The station lies on the Stralsund–Sassnitz railway and the train services are operated by Ostdeutsche Eisenbahn GmbH.

## Train services

The station is served by the following service(s):
* Regional services RE 9 Rostock – Velgast – Stralsund – Lietzow – Sassnitz

## History

The station was the destination of Vladimir Lenin's sealed train when he was provided passage through the German Empire by the Foreign Office and the Abteilung IIIb during the Russian Revolution, after which he boarded a ferry across the Baltic Sea for Trelleborg, Sweden, and then a train en route to Finland Station in Petrograd.

## Gallery

* 2023
* ODEG Siemens Desiro HC as RE 9
* Sassnitz bus station
# Callechelys springeri

Callechelys springeri, the ridgefin eel, is an eel in the family Ophichthidae (worm/snake eels). It was described by Isaac Ginsburg in 1951, originally under the genus Gordiichthys. It is a marine, tropical eel which is known from the eastern Gulf of Mexico, in the western Atlantic Ocean. It dwells at a depth range of 22 to 36 metres (72 to 118 ft). Males can reach a maximum total length of 80.1 centimeters (31.5 in).
# Kosmos (publisher)

Franckh-Kosmos Verlags-GmbH & Co. KG is a media publishing house based in Stuttgart, Germany, founded in 1822 by Johann Friedrich Franckh. In the nineteenth century the company published the fairy tales of Wilhelm Hauff as well as works by Wilhelm Waiblinger and Eduard Mörike.
The "Friends of Nature Club" (Gesellschaft der Naturfreunde) was set up in 1903 in response to booming public interest in science and technology, and by 1912 100,000 members were receiving its monthly magazine "Cosmos" (Kosmos). The company moved into publishing books on popular science topics under the brands Franckh’sche Verlagshandlung and KOSMOS, including successful non-fiction guidebooks by Hanns Günther and Heinz Richter. Children's fiction and Kosmos-branded science experimentation kits were introduced in the 1920s, first in the field of electronics and then chemistry and other areas. In 1937, this effort led to a gold medal at the world exhibition in Paris.
Kosmos's current output includes non-fiction, children's books, science kits and German-style board games. Many of their games are translated into English and published by Thames & Kosmos. Their line of experiment kits and science kits is distributed in North America and the United Kingdom by Thames & Kosmos.

## Notable games

* Beowulf: The Legend
* Exit: The Game
* Jambo
* Lord of the Rings
* Lost Cities
* The Settlers of Catan
* TwixT
# Islamic Republic of Iran Navy Missile Command

The Missile Command (Persian: فرماندهی موشکی) is the coastal missile defence element of the Islamic Republic of Iran Navy (IRIN). In addition to this military formation, the Navy as well as the Aerospace Force of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps –which independent of IRIN conduct their operations under another command hierarchy– have an arsenal of anti-ship missiles for coastal defence. The forces have collectively changed the balance of naval power in the Persian Gulf region since the mid-2000s decade, due to their capability to target almost all assets of the United States Navy's Fifth Fleet from Iranian coastline.

## Missiles

The unit is known to operate the following anti-ship missile (AShM) systems:
* Kowsar
* Nasr-1
* Noor
* Ghader
* Ghadir
* Ra'ad
* Abu Mahdi
# Birao language

Birao (Mbirao) is a Southeast Solomonic language of Guadalcanal.
# The Drink

The Drink is an English odd dark folk pop band based in London, England. Made up of Dearbhla Minogue, David Stewart and Daniel Fordham, they formed in late 2011 when Dearbhla recruited Daniel and David after their former band Fighting Kites split as she had got to know them whilst living above their rehearsal space. Their first record, Company, was released in 2014. The group's second album Capital was released in November 2015. The album received praise from The Guardian and The Line of Best Fit and was supported with session for Marc Riley on BBC Radio 6 Music.
The Drink have performed with groups like Frog, Field Music, Darren Hayman and the Long Parliament, and The Wave Pictures, in addition to playing festival slots for events like End of the Road Festival and Green Man Festival.

## Discography
### Albums

* Company, released 1 December 2014
* Capital, released 13 November 2015
# Komodo language

The Komodo language is a language spoken by the extinct Komodo people, and present day inhabitants of Komodo Island, with a small population of speakers on mainland Flores. It belongs to the Austronesian language family, and is a separate language from Manggarai.
# Aurelia Finance

Aurelia Finance SA was a private bank and fund-management company in Geneva, Switzerland that was set up as a feeder fund to Bernie Madoff's illegal Ponzi scheme.
Aurelia managed 1.7 billion Swiss francs of clients' money, and advised clients to invest in the Hermes World Fund, a Madoff feeder fund which was listed in Dublin in January 2004, as part of a "conservative" portfolio.

## Madoff

It placed assets of its 800 million Swiss francs ($758 million) Hermes World Fund in investments with Bernard Madoff.
Irving Picard, the trustee charged with recovering money for Madoff fraud victims, alleged that in September 2008 when a JPMorgan Structured Investments Distribution Marketing division employee disclosed JPMorgan plans to redeem its money, he was threatened by employees of Aurelia Finance. Picard asserted in a complaint: "The Aurelia Finance representatives repeatedly opposed [JP Morgan's] plan. At two points in the conversation, the Aurelia Finance representatives made threats ... referring to 'Colombian friends' who could 'cause havoc' and telling [the JPMorgan employee] 'we know where to find you'.” JPMorgan reported the threats to the UK's Serious Organised Crime Agency in October 2008 by filing a Suspicious Activity Report, concerned that "Colombian drug money" was involved in the Madoff firm.
Aurelia lost an estimated $800 million of clients' money by investing in Bernard Madoff's $65 billion Ponzi scheme, uncovered in December 2008.

## Post-Madoff

In April 2009, all five directors of Aurelia's board were charged by a Geneva magistrate with criminal mismanagement of client assets, and with enriching themselves on management fees, finder fees, and commissions paid for fictitious returns that were never verified. They all then resigned from the board. Cattaneo and Stepczynski retained executive roles at the bank, however. The company had one sole director as of 4 June 2009, Gerhard Auer.
In November 2009, prosecutors leveled money laundering charges at Stepczynski after the bank he tried to use to transfer millions of francs out of Switzerland informed the authorities. A Geneva examining magistrate then froze the assets of all five former Aurelia directors.
On 4 September 2015 the criminal complaints against the five directors were settled in Geneva.
# South Eastern Region

The South Eastern Region (Maltese: Reġjun Xlokk) is a former region of Malta. The region included the southeastern part of the main island of Malta, including the capital Valletta. The region bordered the Central and Southern Regions.
It was created by the Act No. XVI of 2009 out of part of Malta Xlokk. Act No. XIV of 2019 abolished the region, and its territory was divided between the newly formed Port Region and the Southern Region.

## Administrative divisions
### Districts

South Eastern Region included parts of the South Eastern and Southern Harbour Districts.

### Local councils

South Eastern Region included 15 local councils:
* Birgu (Città Vittoriosa) - include the area of Tal-Ħawli
* Bormla (Città Cospicua) - include the area of San Ġwann t'Għuxa
* Fgura - include the area of Tal-Liedna
* Floriana - include the areas of Sa Maison, Balzunetta and Valletta Waterfront
* Kalkara - include the areas of Rinella, Bighi, Ricasoli and Smart City Malta
* Marsa - include the areas of Albert Town and Menqa
* Marsaskala - include the areas of St. Thomas' Bay, Żonqor Battery and Bellavista
* Marsaxlokk - include the areas of Delimara and Tas-Silġ
* Paola - include the areas of Għajn Dwieli and Corradino
* Senglea (Città Invicta)
* Tarxien
* Valletta (Città Umilissima)
* Xgħajra
* Żabbar (Città Hompesch) - include the areas of St Peter's and Bulebel iż-Żgħir
* Żejtun (Città Beland) - include the areas of Bulebel, Ġebel San Martin, Bir id-Deheb, Tal-Barrani, Ħajt il-Wied and Ħal Tmin

#### Hamlets

* St. Peter's

## Regional Committee

The last South Eastern Regional Committee (Maltese: Kumitat Reġjonali Xlokk) was made up of:
| Office | Officeholder |
| President | Paul Farrugia |
| Vice President | Guzeppi Attard |
| Members | Joseph Abela |
| Members | John Boxall |
| Members | Mario Calleja |
| Members | Byron Camilleri |
| Members | Justin John Camilleri |
| Members | Speranza Chircop |
| Members | Francis Debono |
| Members | Alexei Dingli |
| Members | Nigel Holland |
| Members | Edric Micallef |
| Members | Roderick Spiteri |
| Members | Anthony Valvo |
| Members | Marc Vella Bonnici |
| Members | Alison Zerafa |
| Executive Secretary | Joan Mangion (acting) |
# Dalingheornis

Dalingheornis is a genus of enantiornithean birds which lived during the early Cretaceous period, about 122 Ma ago, and are known from a single juvenile fossil found in the upper part of the Yixian Formation at Dawangzhangzi, Liaoning province, People's Republic of China. It is the first known Mesozoic bird with heterodactyl feet specifically adapted for climbing, and was probably among the most arboreal of the enantiornithines. Unlike its relatives, it had an unusually long (17mm) skeletal tail made up of 20 vertebrae, similar to the tails of dromaeosaurids. However, this may have been a juvenile feature. The fossil was named after Yang Liwei, the first Chinese astronaut in space.

## Description

Some sources have doubted the presence of heterodactyl feet in this genus. Lockley et al. (2007) found that its metatarsal II was not strongly curved inwards compared to other enantiornitheans, and they also noted that the supposed reversed second toe claw probably acquired that position after the animal died. In 2009, Jingmai O'Connor considered Dalingheornis to be a nomen dubium due to its remains being stored in a private collection. However, this proposal has been criticized by Mickey Mortimer, as Dalingheornis is a valid genus under ICZN guidelines despite its inaccessibility to paleontologists.
# Yagnam (2004 film)

Yagnam (transl. Ritual / Sacrifice) is a 2004 Indian Telugu-language action film produced by Pokuri Babu Rao on the Eetharam Films banner, directed by A.S. Ravi Kumar Chowdary. It was released on 2 July 2004. It stars Gopichand and Moon Banerjee (credited as Sameera Banerjee), with music composed by Mani Sharma. The film was remade in Tamil as Mannin Maindhan (2005) and in Odia as Mo Mana Khali Tori Pain (2005). The film won two Nandi Awards and was a blockbuster hit.
In 2007, the film was later dubbed and released in Hindi as Aaj Ka Raavan Raaj.

## Plot

Seenu is a loyal servant and the right-hand man of faction leader Reddeppa. He and Sailaja, Reddeppa's daughter, grew up together. Nayudamma is an archrival of Reddeppa. Factional feuds between them have resulted in the loss of several lives among their groups. When Reddeppa realizes that his daughter and Seenu are in love, he swings into action, trying to kill Seenu. The rest of the story is about how Seenu secures Sailaja's hand in marriage and unites the forces of followers in both the warring groups to teach their masters (Reddeppa and Nayudamma) a lesson or two.

## Cast

* Gopichand as Srinivas aka Seenu (Srinu)
** Master Vivek as Young Srinivas aka Seenu
* Moon Banerjee as Sailaja aka Sailu
** Baby Nikshipta Rao as Young Sailaja aka Sailu
* Prakash Raj as Inspector Pratap Reddy
* Devaraj as Redappa
* Vijaya Rangaraju as Nayudamma (credited as Raj Kumar)
* Dharmavarapu Subramanyam
* Narra Venkateswara Rao
* Raghu Babu as Suri, Seenu's rival
* Suman Setty as Dilli, Seenu's friend
* Jhansi as Suri's wife
* Jahnavi as Fathima
* Baby Trisha as Suri's daughter

## Production

The filming occurred in and around Araku Valley, Vishakhapatnam, Ichchapuram, Srikakulam, and Vizianagaram in the Coastal Andhra area, the capital city Hyderabad, and in the outskirts of Kadapa and Kurnool cities in the Rayalaseema region of Andhra Pradesh.

## Soundtrack

The music was composed by Mani Sharma. The music was released on the Maruthi Music Company label. The song "Chinnanaati Chelikade" is based on "Kanavu Kanalam" from Jai (2004).

## Reception

B. Anuradha of IANS wrote that "Debutant director Ravikumar Choudury fuses a good love story into this anger-driven film with a message." Jeevi of Idlebrain.com wrote that "This film is definitely worth a watch for the brilliant performance of Gopichand and its first half." A critic from Sify wrote that "On the whole Yagnam is a decent entertainer which will be lapped up by the mass audience".

## Awards
### Nandi Awards - 2004

* Best Male Comedian - Dharmavarapu Subramanyam
* Best Female Comedian - Jahnavi
# Avanidhar Subrahmanyam

Avanidhar Subrahmanyam is a professor and named chair at the University of California Los Angeles. He is an expert in stock market activity and behavioral finance, and has published a number of papers on financial markets.

## Education

Subrahmanyam studied at the University of California, Los Angeles in the late 1980s. He graduated with a Ph.D. in finance in 1990.

## Career

Subrahmanyam's career has operated primarily in the fields of finance and economics. He held the role of assistant professor at Columbia University from 1990 until 1993. After his role at Columbia, he became a visiting associate professor at the University of California in 1993 to 1994.
Subrahmanyam is mainly known for two academic contributions: The first is a behavioral (psychological) theory for the superior performance of value stocks and the phenomenon of stock market momentum. This contribution was adjudged to be the winner of the Smith Breeden prize for the best paper published in the Journal of Finance during 1998. The second contribution is to document that market liquidity exhibits systematic variation across stocks, just like returns, which led to a number of studies analyzing why trading costs fluctuate over time. This contribution won the Fama-DFA award for the best paper in Capital Markets in the Journal of Financial Economics for 2000.
In the press, Subrahmanyam discussed Apple Inc.'s stock price in 2013, when there was a spike in trading prices. Following it racing to a record high of over $700, the stock quickly fell to below $400 for the first time since 2011. Appearing on CNBC, Subrahmanyam stated that the activity was likely due to over exuberance on the upside can lead to herd-like behaviour. During the same year, he also commentated on the growth of the bitcoin currency. Subrahmanyam stated that he believed one of the biggest drawbacks of the crypto-currency was that merchants were not made to accept the currency, which leads to uncertainty in its everyday use.
His research and work has led him to be the author or co-author of numerous articles in refereed finance and economic journals. Recent research positions have ranged from the relationship between a company's stock and their cost of capital, while also studying theories on asset price behaviour and equity returns.

## Research positions

Subrahmanyam is a founding co-editor and advisory editor for Elsevier's The Journal of Financial Markets. He was previously an associate editor of The Review of Financial Studies and the Journal of Finance. Subrahmanyam has served as part of the Working Research Group on Market Microstructure at the National Bureau of Economic Research and on the organizing committee for the NBER annual conferences on market microstructure.
He has also served as a consultant to the UK Government Office for Science on stock market circuit breakers.
# Ivan Gvozdev

Ivan Mikhailovich Gvozdev (Russian: Иоанн (Иван) Михайлович Гвоздев; May 12, 1859 in Nikolsky Uyezd, Vologda Governorate – 1932 in Vologda Oblast) was a priest (father), a deputy of the clergy in his governorate and a deputy of the Fourth Imperial Duma from the Vologda Governorate between 1912 and 1917. He had right political position. After the February Revolution of 1917, he returned to his homeland; in 1931 his house and all his property were confiscated.

## Literature

* Николаев А. Б. Гвоздев Иоанн Михайлович (in Russian) // Государственная дума Российской империи: 1906—1917 / Б. Ю. Иванов, А. А. Комзолова, И. С. Ряховская. — Москва: РОССПЭН, 2008. — P. 122. — 735 p. — ISBN 978-5-8243-1031-3.
* Гвоздев (in Russian) // Члены Государственной думы (портреты и биографии): Четвертый созыв, 1912—1917 г. / сост. М. М. Боиович. — Москва: Тип. Т-ва И. Д. Сытина, 1913. — P. 35. — LXIV, 454, [2] p.
* Разные известия по епархии // Вологодские епархиальные ведомости : Изд. Вологодской духовной консистории / Ред. И. Н. Суворов. — Вологда: типография Губернского Правления, 1898. — 1 октября (No. 19). — P. 229–231. (in Russian)