OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Pakračka Poljana camp

The Pakračka Poljana camp was a makeshift prison camp where Croatian Serb civilians along with some Croats were held, tortured and executed by members of the Croatian Special Police commanded by Tomislav Merčep during the Croatian War of Independence. It was located in Pakračka Poljana, a village between the towns of Pakrac and Kutina.

## Background

In 1990, following the electoral defeat of the government of the Socialist Republic of Croatia by the Croatian Democratic Union (Croatian: Hrvatska demokratska zajednica, HDZ), ethnic tensions between Croats and Serbs worsened. The self-styled Republic of Serb Krajina (RSK) declared its intention to secede from Croatia and join the Republic of Serbia while the Government of the Republic of Croatia declared it a rebellion. According to the Croatian 1991 census, Serbs were the largest ethnic group in the municipality of Pakrac (46.4%), followed by Croats (35.8%). In March 1991, Pakrac was the site of violent clashes between Croatian authorities and ethnic Serbs. In June 1991 Croatia declared independence from Yugoslavia. Tensions eventually broke out into full-scale war, which lasted until 1995.

## Camp and crimes

The Pakračka Poljana case was first mentioned in 1992, after police obtained information on crimes allegedly committed by members of Mercep's unit during an investigation into the murder of the Zec family from Zagreb. The case was not investigated until September 1997, when the Feral Tribune published an interview with Miroslav Bajramovic, an ex-subcommander of the Croatian special police forces who stated that 280 people had been killed at Pakračka Poljana and that he had personally killed 72 of them. In the interview, Bajramovic described how he and his colleagues ran an elaborate detention center in Pakračka Poljana and Medurici, 60 miles southeast of Zagreb, where prisoners were tortured with electric shocks or doused with gasoline and burned alive. He said nearly all the prisoners were executed and buried in mass graves.

## Trials

Miroslav Bajramovic, Branko Saric, Munib Suljic, Sinisa Rimac, Zoran Karlovic and Igor Mikola were arrested and tried. Bajramovic and Saric were found guilty of lesser crimes of extortion and abduction, while the remaining four were acquitted of all charges, citing a lack of evidence. The Supreme Court in 2001 quashed the verdict and ordered a retrial, this time without Karlovic. Four years later, all the five men were found guilty. The case was completed in May 2006 when the Supreme Court increased Suljic's sentence from 10 to 12 years, and quashed Mikola's verdict and ordered a retrial for extortion, upholding his four-year sentence for aiding and abetting in murder. The court also upheld Rimac's sentence of eight years in prison, Bajramovic's sentence of four years in prison and Saric's sentence of three years in prison.
In 2016, Merčep was sentenced to five and a half years by the Zagreb County Court for war crimes committed by his unit that included Pakračka Poljana. In 2017, The Croatian Supreme Court upheld the verdict and increased his sentence to seven years.
# Henry Bool

Henry Bool (1846–1922) was an American individualist anarchist. Bool was born in England and in 1872 emigrated to Ithaca, NY, (arriving in New York NY 15 May 1872) where he lived as a florist and property developer for 30 years before returning to England, where he died in Montacute, Somerset, in 1922. While in the U.S. Bool began reading and adopting the philosophy of the American individualist anarchists as his own; he said, "I am a believer in the doctrines of the individualistic school of Anarchists, to which Garrison, Emerson, Proudhon, Thoreau, Spooner, Andrews, Warren and Tucker belong." He is most noted for opposing propaganda by the deed and communist anarchism.
In Ithaca, Bool Street, Bool's Flower Shop, and the now-deprecated "Booltown" (an area near Cornell University) were all named for him.
Bool is the author of For Liberty: The World's Thinkers and Government, Political Power and Democracy, Freedom, Co-Operation, and Society Without Government. He also penned several essays and leaflets, including Liberty Without Invasion, Means and End of Progress, Henry Bool's Apology For His Jeffersonian Anarchism, Henry Bool's Creed, and Who's Who? A Discussion Between an Autocratic Democrat and a Government-By-Consent Anarchist.
# Shigony (selo)

Shigony (Russian: Шигóны) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative center of Shigonsky District, Samara Oblast, Russia. Population: 4,966 (2010 Census); 5,309 (2002 Census); 5,418 (1989 Soviet census).
# Jorge Dalto

Jorge Dalto (July 8, 1948 – October 27, 1987) was a pop, jazz and Afro-Cuban music pianist from Argentina, and the former musical director and keyboardist (together with Ronnie Foster) for George Benson, contributing the acoustic piano intro and solo to Benson's 1976 Grammy-winning hit version of Leon Russell's "This Masquerade". He also performed with Tito Puente, Grover Washington, Spyro Gyra, Fuse One, Gato Barbieri, Willie Colon and others. He died of cancer at the age of 39.
Dalto's wife, Adela, is a jazz singer. His son, Billy, served in the Oregon House of Representatives from 2003 to 2007.

## Discography
### As leader

* 1976: Chevere, with Adela Dalto (vocals), Bernard Purdie (drums), Ronnie Foster (keyboards), Tom Malone (trombone), Jerry Dodgion (alto, flute), Ernie Royal (trumpet), Victor Paz (trumpet), Rubén Blades
* 1983: Rendezvous, with David Sanborn (alto sax), Bob Mintzer (tenor sax), Tom Browne (trumpet), Artie Webb (flute), George Benson (guitar), Eric Gale (guitar), Ted Pearlman (guitar), Anthony Jackson (bass), Steve Gadd (drums), Buddy Williams (drums), Hector Casanova (drums, guiro), Carlos Valdes (congas), Nicky Marrero (timbales, bells, cowbell, wood block), Mark Hood (recorder, bells, engineer, mixing), Adela Dalto (vocals), Jocelyn Brown (vocals), Lillias White (vocals).
* 1983: Solo Piano
* 1984: New York Nightline, with Bob Mintzer (tenor sax, clarinet), Jay Beckenstein (alto sax), Alan Rubin (trumpet), Dave Valentin (flute), Carlos Valdes (congas), Nicky Marrero (timbales), Buddy Williams (drums), Steve Gadd (drums), Anthony Jackson (bass), Will Lee (bass), George Benson (guitar), Jeff Mironov (guitar), Bill Washer (guitar), Mark Gray (synthesizer).
* 1985: Urban Oasis, with Buddy Williams (drums); Adela Dalto (vocal); Carlos Valdes (congas); Nicky Marrero (timbales); Artie Webb (flute); Sal Cuevas (bass); Jose Mangual, Sr (bongos); Sergio Brandao (bass); Andy Gonzalez (bass); Jose Neto (guitar).
* 1988: Listen Up (posthumous release, recorded in 1978), with Stanley Banks (bass guitar);George Benson, Phil Upchurch (guitar); Hubert Laws (flute); Michael Brecker (tenor sax), Randy Brecker (trumpet, flugelhorn); Ronnie Foster (synthesizers); Anthony Jackson (bass guitar); Harvey Mason (drums); Frank Malabé (percussion).

### As sideman

With Spyro Gyra
* Incognito (1982)
* City Kids (1983)
* Collection (1991)

#### With Chet Baker

* Studio Trieste (CTI, 1982) with Jim Hall and Hubert Laws
With George Benson
* Breezin' (1976)
* In Flight (1977)
* Weekend in L.A. (1978)
* Livin' Inside Your Love (1979)
* In Your Eyes (1983)
With Dizzy Gillespie and Machito
* Afro-Cuban Jazz Moods (Pablo, 1975)
With Grant Green
* Easy (1978)
With Heaven and Earth
* Refuge (1973)
With Willie Colón
* Tiempo pa` matar (1983)
With Gato Barbieri
* Yesterdays (1974)
With Djavan
* Luz (1982)
# Isopropenyl acetate

Isopropenyl acetate is an organic compound, which is the acetate ester of the enol tautomer of acetone. This colorless liquid is significant commercially as the principal precursor to acetylacetone. In organic synthesis, it is used to prepare enol acetates of ketones and acetonides from diols.

## Preparation

Isopropenyl acetate is prepared by treating acetone with ketene. Upon heating over a metal surface, isopropenyl acetate rearranges to acetylacetone.

## Reactions

Isopropenyl acetate is used to prepare other isopropenyl ethers.
Isopropenyl acetate reacts with ketones to give new enol acetates:
    CH$_2$=CH(OAc)CH$_3$ + RC(O)CH$_3$ → CH$_2$=CH(OAc)R + (CH$_3$)$_2$C=O
# Kemin District

Kemin (Kyrgyz: Кемин району, romanized: Kemin rayonu) is the northeast panhandle district of Chüy Region in northern Kyrgyzstan. Its area is 3,533 square kilometres (1,364 sq mi), making it the largest district of Chüy Region, and its resident population was 48,360 in 2021. Its administrative headquarters is at Kemin. The district is located in the Chong-Kemin Valley, the Kichi-Kemin Valley and the eastern part of the Chüy Valley. It borders with Kazakhstan in the north, Chüy District in the west, and Issyk-Kul Region in the south and east.

## Topography

The western part of the district is flat with altitudes 1000–1600 msl, and the eastern part is mountainous.

## Climate

The climate is sharply continental with cold winters and cool summers; January temperatures averaging −5 °C to −10 °C, July +17 °C to +18 °C. Average precipitation is from 200 mm in flatlands, and up to 600–700 mm in mountains.

## Hydrology

Large rivers in the district include the Chu, Chong-Kemin, Kichi-Kemin and others. There are also several small lakes: Chong-Kelter, Chelek and Kosh-Kel

## Demographics

The population of Kemin District, according to the Population and Housing Census of 2009, was 44,118 which is second lowest among districts of the Chüy Region. Average density is 12 people per square kilometer. Some 36% of population lives in urban areas, and 64% in rural ones.

### Ethnic composition

According to the 2009 Census, the ethnic composition (de jure population) of the Kemin District was:
| Ethnic group | Population | Proportion of Kemin District population |
| Kyrgyzs | 37,724 | 85.5% |
| Russians | 4,785 | 10.8% |
| Kazakhs | 550 | 1.2% |
| Dungans | 170 | 0.4% |
| Ukrainians | 170 | 0.4% |
| Tatars | 157 | 0.4% |
| Uzbeks | 133 | 0.3% |
| other groups | 429 | 1% |

## Populated places

In total, Kemin District include 2 towns, 1 urban-type settlement and 34 settlements in 11 rural communities (ayyl aymagy). Each rural community can consist of one or several villages. The towns, urban-type settlements, rural communities and villages in the Kemin District are:
* town Orlovka
* town Kemin
* urban-type settlement Bordu
* Ak-Tüz (seat: Ak-Tüz)
* Almaluu (seat: Kyzyl-Suu; incl. Almaluu and Bordu)
* Boroldoy (seat: Boroldoy)
* Chong-Kemin (seat: Shabdan; incl. Kalmak-Ashuu, Kyzyl-Bayrak, Tar-Suu and Törtkül)
* Chym-Korgon (seat: Chym-Korgon; incl. Novomikhaylovka and Samansur)
* Duysheev (seat: Kichi-Kemin)
* Ilyich (seat: Ilyich; incl. Jangy-Jol and Jol-Bulak (Sovetskoye))
* Jangy-Alysh (seat: Jangy-Alysh)
* Kara-Bulak (seat: Kara-Bulak; incl. Altymysh, Beysheke and Chüy)
* Kök-Oyrok (seat: Kayyngdy; incl. Korool-Döbö and Tegirmenti)
* Kyzyl-Oktyabr (seat: Kyzyl-Oktyabr; incl. Ak-Beket, Jel-Aryk, Dorozhnoye, Kashkeleng, Kyz-Kyya, Sasyk-Bulak, Udarnik and Cholok)
# Piotr Salaber

Piotr Salaber (born in 1966 in Wrocław, Poland) – composer, conductor and pianist, „one of the most interesting Polish composers of theatre music” Graduated from the Academy of Music in Bydgoszcz, first - getting his master's degree in choral conducting under prof. H. Gostomski, and later from the Faculty of Composition, and Theory of Music; he earned a doctorate in musical arts in conducting (2005), habilitation in 2012, since 2013 - professor of the Academy of Music in Bydgoszcz On July 27, 2021, he was nominated a professor of art in the discipline of musical arts (full professor).
Awarded with Amadeus - the composer's prize of The Polish Radio Theatre (2017) and The Honorary Pearl of Polish Market in the field of Culture (2017). In 2021 in High School No. C. K. Norwid in Bydgoszcz, a ceremony was held that one of the rooms was named after Piotr Salaber, a graduate in 1984. On November 27, 2021, Piotr Salaber unveiled his autograph at Bydgoszcz Autographs Avenue at ul. Długa.
He polished his composing skills under Karlheinz Stockhausen during master courses in Kuerten, near Cologne (1998–2002), as well as Elżbieta Sikora and Alain Savouret (International Course For Composers, Gdańsk 2000) Since the academic year 2006/2007 he has been giving lectures on film music at the Institute of Audiovisual Arts at the Jagiellonian University in Kraków, and since 2010 also at the Academy of Music in Bydgoszcz, in 2016 as a guest lecturer at the University of British Columbia in Vancouver. So far he composed the music for over a hundred and twenty theater premieres, three feature movies, and TV series. Constantly works with Polish Radio and Television, also with theaters in Poland (Atheneum, 6th Floor Theatre, Warsaw), France (Atelier - Theatre, Paris), Canada (Popular Theatre, Vancouver), Hungary (Csokonai Theater, Debrecen), Nemzeti Színház {National Theatre}, Budapest), Puppet and It are Double Theater (Taiwan). and Russia (Bolshoi Drama Theater,Moscow Sovremennik Theatre) St. Petersburg)
"The work of Piotr Salaber focuses on two types of music: theater music (over a hundred and twenty theater productions) and songs for children (more than 100 songs, the musical). Other compositions (about 10), for choir, soloists, electronic media, and orchestra. The characteristic of the work of Salaber is combining sounds of traditional instruments (including folk instruments from different regions of the world) with electronic sounds. Of great importance for the composer is also the problem of surround sound and taking into account the principles of perception in creating and shaping the tension in the composition. "
# Guillaume de Gadagne

Guillaume de Gadagne (died 1601) was a French soldier and nobleman. He came from the Guadagni family, a rich family of bankers and businessmen from Pontassieve near Florence which had been forced out of Italy by the Medici.

## Life

Guillaume was the son of Thomas II de Gadagne and Peronette Berti, making him great-nephew to Thomas I of Gadagne, known as "Thomas the rich". On 23 November 1561 he married Jeanne de Sugny (died 19 January 1601), a descendant of an old family from Forez - they had three sons (Claude, Nicolas and Gaspard) and five daughters (Lucrèce, Diane, Hilaire, Anne and Gabrielle, the last of whom was later stepmother to Melchior Mitte de Chevrières).
He and his brother Thomas III de Gadagne owned the Hôtel de Gadagne (now the Musées Gadagne) in Lyon, but Guillaume's main residence was at château de Bouthéon (in what is now the Loire department), which he bought in 1561 - he is thus often known as "Monsieur de Bothéon". He was seneschal of Lyon from 1554 and lieutenant general of the inhabitants of Lyon, Forez and Beaujolais from 1554 to 1555 and again from 1588.
Henry II of France made him one of his 28 gentleman of the privy chamber. He fought with distinction at the battle of Dreux, receiving the collar of the Order of Saint Michael as a reward from Charles IX of France. He was made a king's councilor by Henry III of France and the same year he was also the deputy for the nobility of Forez at the Estates General of 1588 to 1589.
For his loyalty in the French Wars of Religion, in 1597 Henry IV of France granted him the cross of the Order of the Holy Spirit, the highest French chivalric award at the time. In 1600, when Henry's future wife Maria de Medici was due to pass through Lyon, the king asked Guillaume to lead the preparations for her arrival. Guillaume and his wife were buried at the Église Notre-Dame-de-Confort in Lyon on 5 February 1601.

## Source

* Édouard Lejeune, La Saga lyonnaise des Gadagne.
* This biographical article related to the French military is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Zarreh

Zarreh (Persian: زره) may refer to:
* Zarreh, Hamadan
* Zarreh, Kerman
# Llangenny

Llangenny (Welsh: Llangenau) is a village in the Brecon Beacons National Park, Powys, Wales. It is in the lower reaches of the Grwyne Fawr. The Vale of Grwyney community consists of Glangrwyney, Llanbedr, and Llangenny.
Notable features in Llangenny include the Grade II* listed St. Cenau's parish church, the Dragons Head Inn and Cwm Barn, an old barn converted into accommodation. The population is approximately 100.
The area is popular with hill-walkers and for camping and outdoor activities.

## Notable People

* John Martyn Roberts FRSE (1806-1878) inventor with his unique galvanic battery, buried in Llangenny Churchyard
* Richard William Davies (19th C.) a Welsh Anglican priest and archdeacon of Brecon from 1859 to 1875.
# Megalibgwilia

Megalibgwilia is a genus of echidna known only from Australian fossils that incorporates the oldest-known echidna species. The genus ranged from the Pliocene until the late Pleistocene, becoming extinct about 50,000 years ago. Megalibgwilia species were more widespread in warmer and moist climates. Their extinction can be attributed to increasing aridification in Southern Australia.
Megalibgwilia was first described from a broken left humerus by Gerard Krefft in 1868 as "Echidna" owenii. In the past, many researchers didn't recognize that "Echidna" ramsayi named by Richard Owen in 1884 represents a junior synonym, though recent studies have reevaluated this. Complete skulls and postcranial fossils have since been described. A second species, M. robusta, was described in 1895 by Australian paleontologist William Sutherland Dun. Megalibgwilia comes from Greek mégas (μέγᾰς) and Wemba Wemba libgwil (plus the Latin suffix -ia), meaning echidna.
Although they are sometimes commonly referred to as giant echidnas, Megalibgwilia species are thought to have been similar in size to the contemporary western long-beaked echidna, but with slightly longer forearms. They were smaller than a large species known from fossils in Australia, Murrayglossus. M. ramsayi fossils have been found in deposits across mainland Australia and on Tasmania. M. robusta has only been found in New South Wales. Megalibgwilia was probably an insect-eater, like the short-beaked echidna, rather than a worm-eater like members of Zaglossus.
M. robusta, once thought to be a species of Zaglossus, is the oldest-known echidna and the only known Pliocene species. It has been suggested that the supposed fossil platypus Ornithorhynchus maximus was based on a humerus of this species.
# Dastana

Dastana or Dastna (Persian: دستنا) may refer to:
* Dastana, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari
* Dastna, Isfahan
# Kelvinhall subway station

Kelvinhall (Partick Cross until 1977) is an underground station on the Glasgow Subway, renamed after the nearby Kelvin Hall. It is located in the West End of Glasgow, Scotland, near to many of the city's best known tourist destinations including:
* The Kelvingrove Art Gallery and Museum
* Kelvingrove Park
* The University of Glasgow
There was previously a Kelvin Hall railway station, but it was unattached to the subway station, which was at any rate still known as Partick Cross at the time of that station's closure in 1964 as part of the Beeching axe.
The station entrance is located off Dumbarton Road at the end of a narrow arcade of shops below flats. The station retains its original island platform layout and has no escalators. The renovation work at Kelvinhall station during the 1977–1980 modernisation of the Subway was not as extensive as most of the other stations on the network: other than Cessnock, it is the only station to retain its original entrance and surface buildings, which would be virtually invisible from the street without the signage.
Kelvinhall (under its former name of Partick Cross) is one of the stations mentioned in Cliff Hanley's song The Glasgow Underground.
The Glasgow Subway is operated by the Strathclyde Partnership for Transport (SPT).

## Transport links

First Glasgow operated bus routes 2, 3, 8, 77, 90, M4 and N2 serve the station. Other bus routes that serve Kelvinhall are the riversider service 100, operated by Community Transport Glasgow, routes 189 and 190, operated by Hobson Travel and ARG Travel, and routes X25 and X25A, operated by Stagecoach West Scotland.

## Past passenger numbers

* 2011/12: 0.646 million annually

## Gallery

* Island platform
# Harangan

Harangan (Persian: هرنگان, also Romanized as Harangān) is a village in Byaban Rural District, Byaban District, Minab County, Hormozgan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 552, in 110 families.
# Doun Kaev district

Doun Kaev district (Khmer: ស្រុកដូនកែវ) is a former district of Takéo province comprising the former capital Doun Kaev.
The district was renamed to Krong Doun Kaev (Doun Kaev municipality) in accordance with Sub-Decree No. 226អនក្រ.បក dated December 30, 2008.

## Administrative divisions

The district had 3 communes.
| | Code | Commune | Khmer |
| 1 | 210801 | Baray | បារាយណ៍ |
| 2 | 210802 | Roka Knong | រកាក្នុង |
| 3 | 210803 | Roka Krau | រកាក្រៅ |
# Energiapolar

Energiapolar Oy is one of the largest electricity sales companies in Finland. The company's main market area is Northern Finland. Energiapolar has 80 000 customers and annual revenue of EUR 60 million. Electricity sales volume was over 900 000 MWh in 2013. Energiapolar solely concentrates on electricity sales and trading while working in close co-operation with the local network companies.
Shareholders of Energiapolar are (ownership in %): Rovakaira Oy (34,21 %), Rovaniemen Energia Oy (24,34 %), Torniolaakson Sähkö Oy (17,81 %), Koillis-Lapin Sähkö Oy (15,79 %), Muonion Sähköosuuskunta (3,29 %), Enontekiön Sähkö Oy (2,63 %) and Pellon Sähkö Oy (1.93%).
* Energy portal
* Companies portal
* This Finnish corporation or company article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
* This article about a company or corporation involved in the energy industry is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Aleksandr Nenashkin

Aleksandr Vladimirovich Nenashkin (Russian: Александр Владимирович Ненашкин; born 11 June 1969) is a Russian football manager and a former player.
Nenashkin played in the Russian First Division with FC Druzhba Yoshkar-Ola.
# Tatyana Andropova

Tatyana Andropova (Russian: Татьяна Андропова; née: Lebedeva; 1917–1991) was a Soviet woman who was the second wife of Soviet leader, Yuri Andropov.

## Biography

Lebedeva was born in 1917. She graduated from a pedagogical school and joined the Komsomol activities where she was appointed to the Komsomol in Karelia in 1940. The same year Tatyana met her future husband at the Komsomol work in Petrozavodsk where she was the secretary of the Zaretsk district committee. At that time Yuri Andropov was serving as the first secretary of the Central Committee of the Komsomol of the Karelo-Finnish SSR. Andropov's wife and two children did not move to the region with him when he was appointed the post. Following his contact with Tatyana Yuri Andropov divorced his first wife. Tatyana and Yuri married in Summer 1941 and had two children, Igor and Irina. Igor was born shortly before their marriage which was harmonious.
In 1951 the family began to live in Moscow when Yuri Andropov was assigned to the central committee of the Communist Party. From 1954 to 1957 Yuri Andropov served as the Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the Soviet Union to Hungary. Tatyana and their children accompanied him. In the late October 1956 extensive protests against the Soviet Union occurred in Budapest, and their residence was besieged by the protestors which had negative long-term effects on Tatyana's health. She left Budapest, but returned there after two months. As a result of this incident Tatyana would experience hypertension and suffer from acute headaches during her lifetime. In addition, since then, she was terrified of crowds and open spaces.
The family lived at Kutuzovsky Prospekt in Moscow where Suslov and Brezhnev also lived. Due to health problems Tatyana did not fulfil the official duties when Andropov was the general secretary of the Communist Party and lived as a recluse in their apartment. She died in 1991.