# Foreign relations of Yugoslavia

Foreign relations of Yugoslavia (Serbian: Спољни односи Југославије; Croatian: Vanjski odnosi Jugoslavije; Slovene: Zunanji odnosi Jugoslavije; Macedonian: Надворешните односи на Југославија) were international relations of the interwar Kingdom of Yugoslavia and the Cold War Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. During its existence, the country was the founding member of numerous multilateral organizations including the United Nations, Non-Aligned Movement, International Monetary Fund, Group of 77, Group of 15, Central European Initiative and the European Broadcasting Union.

## History
### Kingdom of Yugoslavia

The Kingdom of Yugoslavia, ruled by the Serbian Karađorđević dynasty, was formed in 1918 by the merger of the provisional State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs (itself formed from territories of the former Austria-Hungary, encompassing Bosnia and Herzegovina and most of Croatia and Slovenia) and Banat, Bačka and Baranja (that had been part of the Kingdom of Hungary within Austria-Hungary) with the formerly independent Kingdom of Serbia. In the same year, the Kingdom of Montenegro also proclaimed its unification with Serbia, whereas the regions of Kosovo and Vardar Macedonia had become parts of Serbia prior to the unification. The first country in the world to officially recognize the new state was the United States. After the creation of Yugoslavia the newly formed state was a status quo state in Europe which was opposed to revisionist states. In this situation the country prominently was a part of the Little Entente and the first Balkan Pact. Yugoslav accession to the Tripartite Pact resulted in Yugoslav coup d'état and ultimately the Invasion of Yugoslavia.

### World War II

During the World War II in Yugoslavia the country was formally represented by the Yugoslav government-in-exile while Yugoslav Partisans headed by Josip Broz Tito progressively gained support of the Allies. At the same time the Anti-Fascist Council for the National Liberation of Yugoslavia challenged the authority of the government in exile and among other issues proposed a review of country's international legal obligations with the aim of annulment or re-negotiation. The new foreign policy was based on the pre-war and war era foreign policy positions of the Communist Party of Yugoslavia which included support for the Soviet Union, Bavarian Soviet Republic, Hungarian Soviet Republic, Yugoslav support for the Spanish Republic, rejection of Anschluss and vocal support for Czechoslovakia’s independence after Munich Agreement. The new socialist Federal Executive Council of Josip Broz Tito was formed on 7 March 1945, recognized by United Kingdom on 20 March 1945, and the Soviet Union and the United States a week after that.

### Socialist Yugoslavia

During the first post-war years new Yugoslav state was closely aligned with the Soviet Union and involved into dispute over the Free Territory of Trieste and the Greek Civil War. In May 1945, 4,650 Greek refugees, mostly male members of ELAS, settled in the village of Maglić with the help of Yugoslav government. From 1945 to 1948, it was a sui generis case of Greek extraterritorial jurisdiction. This period was sharply ended in 1948 after the Tito–Stalin split.
Yugoslavia initially pursued development of relations among non-bloc neutral European states as a way to avoid isolation and preserve certain level of independence without alienating major powers. In this period Yugoslavia joined the Second Balkan Pact. Belgrade however perceived that in deeply divided Europe there was shrinking maneuvering space for neutral countries and followed the development of what will be called process of Finlandization with great concern. In 1956 the Belgrade declaration ended the period of significant dependence on the Western bloc. The Declaration guaranteed noninterference in Yugoslavia’s internal affairs and legitimized right to different forms of socialist development in different countries. While the declaration failed in achieving lasting rapprochement between the two countries (result of the Yugoslav anxiety over the Hungarian Revolution of 1956) it had an effect on Yugoslav disengagement from the Balkan Pact with NATO member states of Turkey and Greece.
Yugoslavia subsequently discovered new allies among former colonies and mandate territories beyond Europe. Yugoslavia supported Egypt during the Suez Crisis. Yugoslavia developed its relations with India beginning with the time of their concurrent mandate at the UN Security Council from the end of 1949 onward. Yugoslavia was one of the founding members of the Non-Aligned Movement which enabled this comparatively small and underdeveloped country to play one of the most prominent diplomatic role during the Cold War.
Yugoslav crisis which escalated into breakup of the country and Yugoslav Wars turned into one of the major policy and security issues in the first decade after the end of the Cold War.

#### Federal Secretaries of Foreign Affairs

* Stanoje Simić (1 February 1946 – 31 August 1948)
* Edvard Kardelj (31 August 1948 – 15 January 1953)
* Koča Popović (15 January 1953 – 23 April 1965)
* Marko Nikezić (23 April 1965 – 25 December 1968)
* Mirko Tepavac (25 April 1969 – 1 November 1972)
* Miloš Minić (16 December 1972 – 17 May 1978)
* Josip Vrhovec (17 May 1978 – 17 May 1982)
* Lazar Mojsov (17 May 1982 – 15 May 1984)
* Raif Dizdarević (15 May 1984 – 30 December 1987)
* Budimir Lončar (31 December 1987 – 12 December 1991)

## Foreign relations
### Africa

| Country | Independence | Formal Relations Began | Notes |
| Algeria | 5 July 1962 | 2 July 1962 | Main article: Algeria–Yugoslavia relations |
| Angola | 11 November 1975 | 1975 | Main article: Angola–Yugoslavia relations |
| Benin | 1 August 1960 | 1962 | |
| Botswana | 30 September 1966 | 1970 | |
| Burkina Faso | 5 August 1960 | 1968 | |
| Burundi | 1 July 1962 | 1962 | Main article: Burundi–Yugoslavia relations |
| Cameroon | 1 January 1960 | 1960 | |
| Cape Verde | 5 July 1975 | 1975 | Main article: Cape Verde–Yugoslavia relations |
| Central African Republic | 13 August 1960 | 1960 | |
| Chad | 11 August 1960 | 1966 | |
| Democratic Republic of the Congo | 30 June 1960 | 1961 | Main article: Democratic Republic of the Congo–Yugoslavia relations |
| Republic of the Congo | 15 August 1960 | 1964 | Main article: Republic of the Congo–Yugoslavia relations |
| Djibouti | 27 June 1977 | 1978 | |
| Egypt | 28 February 1922 | 1 February 1908 (continued relations of the Kingdom of Serbia) | Main article: Egypt–Yugoslavia relations |
| Equatorial Guinea | 12 October 1968 | 1970 | |
| Ethiopia | never colonized in a classical sense (temporary Italian occupation) | 1952 | Main article: Ethiopia–Yugoslavia relations |
| Gabon | 17 August 1960 | 1960 | Main article: Gabon–Yugoslavia relations |
| Gambia | 18 February 1965 | 1965 | |
| Ghana | 6 March 1957 | 1959 | Main article: Ghana–Yugoslavia relations |
| Guinea | 2 October 1958 | 1958 | |
| Guinea-Bissau | 10 September 1974 | 1975 | |
| Ivory Coast | 7 August 1960 | 1968 | |
| Kenya | 12/20 December 1963 | 1963 | |
| Lesotho | 4 October 1966 | 1972 | |
| Liberia | 26 July 1847 | 1959 | |
| Libya | 24 December 1951 | 1955 | Main article: Libya–Yugoslavia relations |
| Madagascar | 26 June 1960 | 1960 | |
| Mali | 22 September 1960 | 1961 | |
| Mauritania | 28 November 1960 | 1961 | |
| Morocco | 2 March 1956 | 2 March 1957 | Main article: Morocco–Yugoslavia relations |
| Mauritius | 12 March 1968 | 1969 | |
| Mozambique | 25 June 1975 | 1975 | |
| Namibia | 21 March 1990 | 1990 | |
| Nigeria | 1 October 1960 | 1960 | Main article: Nigeria–Yugoslavia relations |
| Rwanda | 1 July 1962 | 1971 | |
| Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic | | 28 November 1984 | Main article: Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic–Yugoslavia relations |
| Sao Tome and Principe | 12 July 1975 | 1977 | |
| Seychelles | 29 June 1976 | 1977 | Main article: Seychelles–Yugoslavia relations |
| Senegal | 20 August 1960 | 1961 | |
| Sierra Leone | 27 April 1961 | 1961 | Main article: Sierra Leone–Yugoslavia relations |
| Somalia | 1 July 1960 | 1960 | |
| Sudan | 1 January 1956 | 1956 | Main article: Sudan–Yugoslavia relations |
| Swaziland | 6 September 1968 | 1968 | |
| Tanzania | 1961, 26 April 1964 (unification) | 1961 | Main article: Tanzania–Yugoslavia relations |
| Togo | 27 April 1960 | 1960 | |
| Tunisia | 20 March 1956 | 1957 | Main article: Tunisia–Yugoslavia relations |
| Uganda | 9 October 1962 | 1963 | Main article: Uganda–Yugoslavia relations |
| Zambia | 24 October 1964 | 1964 | Main article: Yugoslavia–Zambia relations |
| Zimbabwe | 18 April 1980 | 1980 | Main article: Yugoslavia–Zimbabwe relations |

### Americas

| Country | Formal Relations | Notes |
| Argentina | 29 February 1928 | Main article: Argentina–Yugoslavia relations |
| Bahamas | | Main article: Bahamas–Yugoslavia relations |
| Barbados | | Main article: Barbados–Yugoslavia relations |
| Bolivia | 1952 | Main article: Bolivia–Yugoslavia relations |
| Brazil | 1938 | Main article: Brazil–Yugoslavia relations |
| Canada | 9 February 1942 | Main article: Canada–Yugoslavia relations |
| Chile | 1935 | Main article: Chile–Yugoslavia relations |
| Colombia | 1966 | Main article: Colombia–Yugoslavia relations |
| Costa Rica | 1952 | Main article: Costa Rica–Yugoslavia relations |
| Cuba | 1943 | Main article: Cuba–Yugoslavia relations |
| Dominica | | Main article: Dominica–Yugoslavia relations |
| Dominican Republic | 1 March 1912 (continued relations of the Kingdom of Serbia) | Main article: Dominican Republic–Yugoslavia relations |
| Ecuador | 1956 | Main article: Ecuador–Yugoslavia relations |
| El Salvador | 1956 | Main article: El Salvador–Yugoslavia relations |
| Grenada | 29 June 1978 | Main article: Grenada–Yugoslavia relations |
| Guatemala | 1882 (continued relations of the Kingdom of Serbia) | Main article: Guatemala–Yugoslavia relations |
| Guyana | 5 November 1968 | Main article: Guyana–Yugoslavia relations |
| Haiti | 1956 | Main article: Haiti–Yugoslavia relations |
| Honduras | 1904 (continued relations of the Kingdom of Serbia) | Main article: Honduras–Yugoslavia relations |
| Jamaica | October 1968 | Main article: Jamaica–Yugoslavia relations |
| Mexico | 24 May 1946 | Main article: Mexico–Yugoslavia relations |
| Nicaragua | 23 February 1904 (continued relations of the Kingdom of Serbia) | Main article: Nicaragua–Yugoslavia relations |
| Panama | 1953 | Main article: Panama–Yugoslavia relations |
| Paraguay | 1950 | Main article: Paraguay–Yugoslavia relations |
| Peru | 1942 | Main article: Peru–Yugoslavia relations Both countries established diplomatic relations in October 1942, and renewed them in 1968. An embassy was opened in Belgrade that same year, with the first Peruvian Ambassador arriving in 1969. |
| Suriname | 9 July 1976 | Main article: Suriname–Yugoslavia relations |
| Trinidad and Tobago | 1965 | Main article: Trinidad and Tobago–Yugoslavia relations |
| Uruguay | 1950 | Main article: Uruguay–Yugoslavia relations |
| United States | | Main article: United States–Yugoslavia relations |
| Venezuela | 1951 | Main article: Venezuela–Yugoslavia relations |

### Asia-Pacific

| Country | Formal Relations Began | Notes |
| Afghanistan | 30 December 1954 | Main article: Afghanistan–Yugoslavia relations |
| Australia | 1966 | Main article: Australia–Yugoslavia relations |
| Bangladesh | 20 November 1956 | Main article: Bangladesh–Yugoslavia relations |
| Burma | 29 December 1950 | Main article: Burma–Yugoslavia relations |
| Cambodia | 15 July 1956 | Main article: Cambodia–Yugoslavia relations |
| China | 2 January 1955 | Main article: China–Yugoslavia relations |
| Fiji | 1976 | Main article: Fiji–Yugoslavia relations |
| India | 5 December 1948 | Main article: India–Yugoslavia relations |
| Indonesia | 1954 | Main article: Indonesia–Yugoslavia relations |
| Iran | 1945 | Main article: Iran–Yugoslavia relations |
| Iraq | 1958 | Main article: Iraq–Yugoslavia relations |
| Israel | 19 May 1948 | Main article: Israel–Yugoslavia relations |
| Japan | | Main article: Japan–Yugoslavia relations |
| Jordan | 1951 | Main article: Jordan–Yugoslavia relations |
| Kuwait | 7 May 1963 | Main article: Kuwait–Yugoslavia relations |
| Laos | 25 November 1962 | Main article: Laos–Yugoslavia relations |
| Lebanon | 1946 | Main article: Lebanon–Yugoslavia relations |
| Malaysia | 1967 | Main article: Malaysia–Yugoslavia relations |
| Maldives | | Main article: Maldives–Yugoslavia relations |
| Mongolia | 20 November 1956 | Main article: Mongolia–Yugoslavia relations |
| Nepal | 7 October 1959 | Main article: Nepal–Yugoslavia relations |
| New Zealand | 1951 | Main article: New Zealand–Yugoslavia relations |
| North Korea | 30 October 1948 | Main article: North Korea–Yugoslavia relations |
| Oman | 1974 | Main article: Oman–Yugoslavia relations |
| Palestine | 1989 | Main article: Palestine–Yugoslavia relations |
| Pakistan | 18 May 1948 | Main article: Pakistan–Yugoslavia relations |
| Philippines | 1972 | Main article: Philippines–Yugoslavia relations |
| Saudi Arabia | N/a | Saudi Arabia and Yugoslavia did not have diplomatic relations. |
| Singapore | 22 August 1967 | Main article: Singapore–Yugoslavia relations |
| South Korea | 27 December 1982 | Main article: South Korea–Yugoslavia relations |
| Sri Lanka | 14 October 1957 | Main article: Sri Lanka–Yugoslavia relations |
| Syria | 1946 | Main article: Syria–Yugoslavia relations |
| Thailand | 1954 | Main article: Thailand–Yugoslavia relations |
| Turkey | | Main article: Turkey–Yugoslavia relations |
| Vietnam | 10 March 1957 | Main article: Vietnam–Yugoslavia relations |
| Yemen | 1957 | Main article: Yemen–Yugoslavia relations |

### Europe

| Country | Formal Relations Began | Notes |
| Albania | | Main article: Albania–Yugoslavia relations |
| Austria | | Main article: Austria–Yugoslavia relations |
| Belgium | | Main article: Belgium–Yugoslavia relations |
| Bulgaria | | Main article: Bulgaria–Yugoslavia relations |
| Cyprus | 10 July 1960 | Main article: Cyprus–Yugoslavia relations |
| Czechoslovakia | 1918 | Main article: Czechoslovakia–Yugoslavia relations |
| Denmark | 1917 (continued relations of the Kingdom of Serbia) | Main article: Denmark–Yugoslavia relations |
| Estonia | | Main article: Estonia–Yugoslavia relations |
| Finland | 1928 | Main article: Finland–Yugoslavia relations |
| France | | Main article: France–Yugoslavia relations |
| Germany | | Main article: Germany–Yugoslavia relations |
| East Germany | 15 October 1957 | Main article: East Germany–Yugoslavia relations |
| Greece | | Main article: Greece–Yugoslavia relations |
| Holy See | 1920 | Main article: Holy See–Yugoslavia relations |
| Hungary | | Main article: Hungary–Yugoslavia relations |
| Ireland | 1977 | Main article: Ireland–Yugoslavia relations |
| Italy | | Main article: Italy–Yugoslavia relations |
| Latvia | 1917 (continued relations of the Kingdom of Serbia) | Main article: Latvia–Yugoslavia relations |
| Lithuania | | Main article: Lithuania–Yugoslavia relations |
| Luxembourg | 1927 | Main article: Luxembourg–Yugoslavia relations |
| Malta | 6 January 1969 | Main article: Malta–Yugoslavia relations |
| Netherlands | | Main article: Netherlands–Yugoslavia relations |
| Norway | 26 January 1919 | Main article: Norway–Yugoslavia relations |
| Poland | | Main article: Poland–Yugoslavia relations |
| Portugal | 19 October 1917 (continued relations of the Kingdom of Serbia) | Main article: Portugal–Yugoslavia relations |
| Romania | | Main article: Romania–Yugoslavia relations |
| Soviet Union | 19 December 1945 | Main article: Soviet Union–Yugoslavia relations |
| Spain | | Main article: Spain–Yugoslavia relations |
| Sweden | | Main article: Sweden–Yugoslavia relations |
| Switzerland | 1919 | Main article: Switzerland–Yugoslavia relations |
| United Kingdom | | Main article: United Kingdom–Yugoslavia relations |