# Ministry of Education and Training

The Ministry of Education and Training (MOET, Vietnamese: Bộ Giáo dục và Đào tạo) is the government ministry responsible for the governance of general/academic education and higher education (training) in Vietnam. Vocational education is controlled by the Ministry of Labour, Invalids, and Social Affairs (MoLISA). Ministry offices are located in central Hanoi. In the Vietnamese system, MoET is responsible for the 'professional' performance and regulation of educational institutions under it, but not for ownership or finance, except for the major public universities (VNU, Vietnam National University in Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City, fall directly under the Prime Minister's office, not MoET). Ownership and administrative/financial responsibility for the bulk of educational institutions, including all school-level general education, falls under Provinces or Districts, which have substantial autonomy on many budgetary decisions under the Vietnamese constitution. Some institutions are also controlled by other central ministries, although mainly at higher education levels (senior secondary and college)

## History
### Period before the August Revolution of 1945

The Confucian education system of the Vietnamese feudal state from the 11th century passed through various periods: Lý, Trần, Hồ, Later Lê, Tây Sơn, and Nguyễn. The introduction of Western elements in Vietnamese education began with the missionary efforts of Western priests during the Trịnh – Nguyễn conflict. The emergence and widespread use of chữ Quốc ngữ based on the Latin alphabet in schools from the late 1919 signaled the end of the traditional Confucian education, replaced by the new colonial education system of French colonialism.
During the late 19th century and early 20th century, the patriotic Duy Tân education movement, led by Phan Bội Châu, Lương Văn Can, and Nguyễn Quyền, initiated a practical approach to education. This movement promoted the use of chữ Quốc ngữ in teaching and learning, engaged with natural sciences and engineering, and abandoned the traditional scholarly and examination systems of Confucianism.

### Period 1945–1954

With the victory of the August Revolution, the Democratic Republic of Vietnam was created, ushering in a new era in the country's educational history. The Ministry of National Education was established early in the new administration, with Mr. Vũ Đình Hòe serving as the first Minister. On March 2, 1946, during the first session of the First National Assembly, the Ministry was renamed to the Ministry of Education. Mr. Đặng Thai Mai was appointed Minister of Education, succeeding Mr. Vũ Đình Hòe, who was appointed Minister of Justice.
The government issued crucial directives creating the Literacy Campaign Department to fight illiteracy. Along with combatting illiteracy, the Democratic Republic of Vietnam administration implemented reforms that formed the framework for the national education system.
In November 1946, during the second session of the First National Assembly, Mr. Nguyễn Văn Huyên was appointed Minister of National Education. The Ministry of National Education consisted of the Office of the Ministry and departments such as Higher Education, Secondary Education, Primary Education, and the Literacy Campaign Department.
During the nationwide resistance war, the Ministry evacuated and relocated its offices from the capital to rural areas, moving from Hà Đông, Phú Thọ to Tuyên Quang and the Safe Zone.
In 1950, the Central Committee of the Communist Party and the government decided to implement educational reform. This reform established a 9-year general education system and a new curriculum. This period also saw the establishment of the Vietnam Education Union (July 1951).
During the 9-year resistance war against French colonialism, the education system, from general to higher education, was not only maintained and continuously developed but also transformed in quality. Schools from general education to universities all taught in Vietnamese. The 1950-1954 educational reform, despite its limitations, fundamentally changed the old colonial education system and laid the foundation for a new education system: national, scientific, and popular.

## Departments

The Ministry maintains provincial-level departments (DoETs, Departments of E&T), under which there are also district offices (BoETs, Bureau of E&T), and central departments. Central departments of note include:
* Science and Technology Activities in Education and Training
* Information and Communication Technology Centre
* National Institute for Education Strategy and Curriculum Development
* Education Publishing House
* Educational Equipment Company No. 1

## Universities

Colleges and universities under the maintenance of the Ministry of Education and Training include:
* Hanoi University of Science and Technology
* Ho Chi Minh City University of Education (or Ho Chi Minh City Pedagogical University)
* College of Social Labour
* College of Chemicals
* Ho Chi Minh City College of Marketing
* College of Mining Engineering
* Ho Chi Minh City Procuratorial College
* University of Trade Unions
* Institute of Journalism and Propaganda
* Hanoi University of Education No.2
* Hanoi National University of Education
* Quy Nhon University of Education
* Ho Chi Minh City Technical Teacher Training University
* Banking University, Ho Chi Minh City
* Hanoi Open University (HOU)
* Phuong Dong University
* Van Lang University (VLU)
* Hung Vuong University (HVU)
* Duy Tan University (DTU)