OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Donald Woodward Lee

Donald Woodward Lee (April 17, 1910 − May 31, 1977) was an American philologist who served until 1975 as Professor of English at the University of Houston.

## Biography

Donald Woodward Lee was born in Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania on April 17, 1910. He earned his bachelor of arts degree from the Pennsylvania State University, his master's degree from Duke University and his doctor of philosophy from Columbia University. Throughout his career Lee taught at the University of Connecticut, the United States Naval Academy, Pennsylvania State University, the University of Vermont and Virginia State College, and was eventually appointed Professor of English at the University of Houston.
Lee was an editor of the Third Edition of the Merriam Webster Dictionary and the author of several English textbooks. He was a member of the Modern Language Association of America, the Linguistic Society of America, the National Council of Teachers of English and other related organizations.
Lee retired from the University of Houston in 1975. He died at the University of Texas Medical Branch on May 31, 1977 after a brief illness.
# Startsev

Startsev (Russian: Старцев, from старец meaning an old man) is a Russian masculine surname, its feminine counterpart is Startseva. It may refer to:
* Andrej Startsev (born 1994), Kazakhstani-German football player
* Kirill Startsev (born 1989), Russian ice hockey player
* Maksym Startsev (born 1980), Ukrainian football goalkeeper
* Osip Startsev, Russian architect of 17th–18th centuries
* Yevgeniya Startseva (born 1989), Russian volleyball player
# Kotly

Kotly (Russian: Котлы) is the name of several rural localities in Russia.

## Modern localities

* Kotly (settlement at the railway station), Leningrad Oblast, a settlement at the railway station in Kotelskoye Settlement Municipal Formation of Kingiseppsky District in Leningrad Oblast; 59°37′N 28°46′E﻿ / ﻿59.617°N 28.767°E﻿ / 59.617; 28.767
* Kotly, Leningrad Oblast (village) [ru], a village in Kotelskoye Settlement Municipal Formation of Kingiseppsky District in Leningrad Oblast; 59°37′N 28°46′E﻿ / ﻿59.617°N 28.767°E﻿ / 59.617; 28.767
* Kotly, Oryol Oblast, a village in Krasnensky Selsoviet of Zalegoshchensky District in Oryol Oblast; 52°51′N 36°49′E﻿ / ﻿52.850°N 36.817°E﻿ / 52.850; 36.817

## Alternative names

* Kotly, alternative name of Kotelki, a village in Bogdanovsky Rural Okrug of Urzhumsky District in Kirov Oblast; 57°08′N 49°58′E﻿ / ﻿57.133°N 49.967°E﻿ / 57.133; 49.967

## Abolished localities

* Kotly, Moscow, a former rural locality whose territory is now located in southern Moscow
# Leiv Amundsen

Leiv Amundsen (30 May 1898 – 25 June 1987) was a Norwegian librarian and philologist.
He was born in Tjøme as a son of sailmaker Carl Amundsen (1851–1916) and Henrikke Elise Andersen (1857–1923). He attended upper secondary school in Drammen, and worked at the University Library of Oslo at the same time as studying classical philology at the Royal Frederick University. He never actually graduated from the university, but was instead promoted manager of the manuscript collection at the University Library in 1923. He specialized in papyrology, first as the assistant of Samson Eitrem. He was a research fellow with Rockefeller grants from 1926 to 1929, and studied abroad. Among others he was a part of the University of Michigan Archaeological Expedition in Karanis, and published Greek Ostraca in the University of Michigan Collection. Part I. Texts in 1935. He took the dr.philos. degree in 1933, and was hired as a docent at the Royal Frederick University in 1935. He was promoted to professor in 1946. Amundsen was also secretary-general of the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters from 1954 to 1961. He had been a fellow of the Academy since 1935. He retired in 1968.
Throughout his career he published diaries and letters of Bernhard Herre, Camilla Collett, Peter Jonas Collett and Henrik Wergeland. In 1976 he co-published the correspondence between Johan Ernst Gunnerus and Carl von Linné between 1761 and 1772. He also published the two-volume history of the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters, in 1957 and 1960, and wrote large parts of the two-volume work on the University of Oslo from 1911 to 1961. He also contributed significantly to the first edition of Norsk biografisk leksikon, and edited Gyldendals nye konversasjonsleksikon, issued in four editions between 1948 and 1958.
From May 1928 Amundsen was married to Inger Sandberg (1898–1985). He died in June 1987 in Bærum. He had lived at Stabekk and Capralhaugen.
# Wilhelm Aarek

Wilhelm Aarek (17 April 1907 – 26 December 1999) was a Norwegian philologist and educationalist.
He was a cand.philol. by education, and was appointed as a lecturer in English language at Kristiansand Teacher's College in 1938. He had also applied for a job at Stavanger Cathedral School, but was rejected by the government. At Kristiansand Teacher's College he soon began writing books about pedagogy as well as his original field of philology. He served rector of the college from 1948 to 1976. He was decorated with the Royal Norwegian Order of St. Olav, and died in 1999.
# Heath MacQuarrie

Heath Nelson Macquarrie (18 September 1919 – 2 January 2002) was a Canadian politician, teacher, scholar, and writer. Macquarrie described himself as a Red Tory, using the term in the title of his autobiography Red Tory Blues.
During the October Crisis of 1970, he agonized over the implementation of the War Measures Act, and was prepared to vote against it, but relented for the sake of keeping the Tory caucus united behind Robert Stanfield. Writing in retrospect, Macquarrie described his vote in favour of the Act as "fundamentally wrong".
He was first elected to the House of Commons of Canada as a Progressive Conservative candidate in the 1957 federal election that brought John Diefenbaker to power. He served as a member of parliament for twenty-two consecutive years, until he was appointed to the Senate of Canada in 1979 on the advice of Joe Clark. He sat in the upper house for a further fifteen years, retiring at the mandatory age of 75 in 1994.
He was publicly loyal to Clark's successor, Brian Mulroney, but privately disagreed with the government on several occasions, once saying during a caucus meeting, "You know, a lot of people think I have a prominent nose because of my enjoyment of a certain beverage. Well, that's all nonsense. I got it that way by having to hold it so often while voting for some of Mulroney's bills."
Macquarrie remained active following his retirement from the Senate in 1994, by contributing a column to the Hill Times and to newspapers in his home province of Prince Edward Island.
Macquarrie was educated at Prince of Wales College, the University of Manitoba, the University of New Brunswick and McGill University. He studied for his doctorate at McGill, choosing for his thesis topic Robert Borden. He lectured at Brandon University and at Mount Allison University, in economics, political science and international relations.
He edited and wrote the introduction to the published edition of Sir Robert Borden's diaries. An admirer of the World War I-era prime minister, Macquarrie considered Borden to be the architect of Canadian independence.
# Channomuraena

Channomuraena is a genus of moray eels in the family Muraenidae.

## Species

* Channomuraena bauchotae Saldanha & Quéro, 1994
* Channomuraena vittata (J. Richardson, 1845) (Broadbanded moray)
# Arne-Johan Henrichsen

Arne-Johan Henrichsen (31 August 1918 – 8 March 2005) was a Norwegian philologist.
He was born in Kristiania as a son of teacher Gustav Wilhelm Henrichsen (1883–1947) and Birgit Heftye Blehr. He was married twice.
He finished his secondary education in 1935. He studied Romance languages at Sorbonne from 1945 to 1947, and graduated with the cand. philol. degree from the University of Oslo in 1951. He took the dr.philos. degree in 1956 with the thesis Les phrases hypothétiques en ancien occitan-étude syntaxique. He had been a school teacher, but was in 1956 appointed as a professor in Romance philology at the University of Bergen. He was the dean of the Faculty of History and Philosophy from 1959 to 1961, and rector of the University of Bergen from 1972 to 1977.
He was deputy chairman of NAVF from 1966 to 1969, and was acting chairman for a year. Henrichsen was a member of Åsane municipal council from 1964 to 1965. He was decorated as a Knight, First Class of the Order of St. Olav in 1977. He died in March 2005.
# Robert L. Annis

Robert L. Annis is an American musician and Dean and Director of Westminster College of the Arts of Rider University, which includes the Westminster Choir College. Annis, a Grammy-nominated clarinetist, has performed with various orchestras throughout the country. He serves as a member of Collage New Music, a chamber music organization based in Boston, and is a member of the Board of Trustees for the Princeton Symphony Orchestra in Princeton, New Jersey. He has served as Dean of Enrollment at the New England Conservatory. A conservatory building was named in his honor at the USC Thornton School of Music.
Annis was previously a member of the San Antonio Symphony and on the faculty of Brown University.
Annis is an alumnus of New England Conservatory, Harvard University and the USC Thornton School of Music.
# Duong Vanna

Duong Vanna (Khmer: ដួង វណ្ណា) is a Cambodian politician. She belongs to the Cambodian People's Party and was elected to represent Svay Rieng Province in the National Assembly of Cambodia in 2003.
# Tañon Strait

The Tañon Strait (Filipino: Kipot ng Tañon) is a body of water, separating the islands of Negros and Cebu in the Visayas, Philippines. The strait, which is about 160 kilometres (100 mi) long, connects the Visayan Sea in the north to the Bohol Sea in the south. Its width varies from 5 to 27 kilometres (3 to 17 mi), with the narrowest point in the south. In the north the strait is closed off by the Don Islands, the largest of which is Bantayan. The cities of San Carlos, Negros Occidental, Bais, Negros Oriental and Toledo, Cebu have deepwater port facilities. The Tañon Strait is known for whale and dolphin watching, with tour boats operating from Bais.

## Protected area

The Tañon Strait Protected Seascape (IUCN Management Category V) was established by President Ramos under Proclamation No. 1234 of 1998. With an area of more than 5,000 square kilometres (1,900 sq mi), it is the largest marine protected area in the Philippines.

## Controversy

On February 7, 2008, the Supreme Court of the Philippines ordered the Department of Environment and Natural Resources and the Department of Energy to comment on a certiorari petition filed for baleen and toothed whales, dolphins, porpoises including the Irrawaddy dolphins, and other cetacean species in the Tañon Strait to stop oil exploration by Japan Petroleum Exploration Co. Ltd. (JAPEX) in the protected waterway. The strait serves as a marine wildlife reserve that provides grounds for breeding, feeding and resting to 11 species of marine mammals. The court was asked to recognize the petitioners as "Filipino mammals" with constitutional rights.
JAPEX subsequently abandoned oil exploration in the area, saying that initial drilling had shown lack of commercial opportunity. However the Supreme Court case continued.

## Mythology

In Cebuano mythology, one of the three winged giant messengers of the Cebuano supreme god Kaptan was punished for stealing a unique sacred shell which can turn anybody into anything they please. The messenger, Sinogo, was a handsome man and the "favorite of Kaptan". Upon hearing of Sinogo's treachery, Kaptan ordered the others to pursue Sinogo. Sinogo fled west and eventually used the shell's power to turn himself into a giant crocodile (a sacred animal in old beliefs) so he could go deep in the straight "between two islands", modern-day Cebu and Negros. Kaptan, disappointed and angry, struck Sinogo with lightning, shocking the messenger giant and imprisoning him for all of eternity in modern-day Tanon Straight. Due to Kaptan's love for Sinogo, Kaptan decided to retain the sacred crocodile form of Sinogo despite his treachery. The stolen shell was dropped at sea when Sinogo was struck with lightning, but a sea creature managed to relocate it and bring it back to Kaptan. Ever since, if a whirlpool appears in the straight, people believe that Sinogo is trying to break from his eternal prison deep in the straight.
# Villefranche-de-Conflent

Villefranche-de-Conflent (French pronunciation: ; Catalan: Vilafranca de Conflent) is historically a town in the Conflent region of Catalonia, and now a commune in the Pyrénées-Orientales department in southern France. It is a member of Les Plus Beaux Villages de France (The Most Beautiful Villages of France) Association.

## Geography

Villefranche-de-Conflent is located in the canton of Les Pyrénées catalanes and in the arrondissement of Prades.
The town's confined site, at about 440 m above sea level, is relatively level ground surrounded by
* the northeast-flowing river Têt (on the town's west and north),
* the Cady, which flows north to empty into the Têt (on the east), and
* a peak (at nearly 800 m), less than 800 m away (on the south).

### Transport
#### Roads

The N116 from Perpignan on the Mediterranean passes, as a two-lane highway, between the southern town wall and an embankment cut into the high ground to the south; this route continues west into the adjacent Cerdagne region.

#### Train

The town's train station starts and ends the route of the scenic Yellow train.

## History

The town's access to the French Cerdagne makes it an important strategic location. It was already occupied by Celtic tribes, and then by Romans, Visigoths, Muslim Moors, and then the Spanish. Fortifications around the town were built by the counts of Conflent at the end of the 9th century; in 1374, Villefranche resisted the siege of Jaume III the son of last king of Majorca. In the mid-1400s, when it was a Spanish possession, parts were adapted to allow for firearms. In July 1654, the French captured the city after eight days, and the troops of Louis XIV took Puigcerda from the Spaniards. When the territory was ceded to the French after the Treaty of the Pyrenees (1659), the town became an important French defense against possible Spanish incursions. The town was part of the program of construction and improvement of outlying French defenses, which included building the Fort Libéria on a hill above the village by Sébastien Le Prestre de Vauban, the military engineer of Louis XIV, and as such was listed as a World Heritage Site in 2008.
The defensive walls of the town remain.
# SU-12

The SU-12 (Russian: СУ-12) self-propelled gun battery (gun truck) was created in 1934 by the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics by mounting a 76 mm regimental gun M1927 onto a modified GAZ-AAA truck, and was in production from 1933 to 1935. The cannon's barrel and recoil system were modified to reduce recoil. It was the Soviet Union's first self-propelled gun. It had a four-man crew, including the driver, and the gun could rotate 270 degrees.
The SU-12 had no armor protection. This was corrected in the SU-1-12 model which added a front shield and roof armor of 4mm thickness. As time went by more armor, in the form of a 2mm rear window and a 4mm rear shield, were added to the SU-1-12 models. Most SU-12 units were decommissioned by 1938, but the Su-1-12 models served in the Battle of Lake Khasan, the Battles of Khalkhin Gol, and in the Winter War against Finland. By 1941 only 3 were left in service and had been supplanted by tracked SPGs.

## Other specifications

* fording depth = 0.82 m
* obstacle height = 0.75 m
* ditch crossing = 2 m
* ground pressure = 0.68 kg/cm$^2$
* gun elevation = -5°/+25°
* gun range of motion = 270°
# Commune Council (Cambodia)

There are 1,646 communes (khums/sangkats) in Cambodia. Each Commune Council (Khmer: ក្រុមប្រឹក្សាឃុំសង្កាត់) is composed of 5 to 11 members depending on demography and geography, elected through a proportional system where nationally registered political parties can compete by presenting a list of candidates of at least twice the number of seats in each Commune. There are no independent candidates. Commune councillors vote on their constituents' behalf in Senate elections. As such, a victory in communal elections would all but guarantee a majority in the Senate.
There are currently 11,572 councillors from 1,646 communes.
| Party | Councillors | Of total | Of total |
| Cambodian People's Party | 11,510 | | 99.46% |
| FUNCINPEC | 28 | | 0.24% |
| Khmer National United Party | 24 | | 0.21% |
| Grassroots Democracy Party | 5 | | 0.04% |
| League for Democracy Party | 4 | | 0.03% |
| Beehive Social Democratic Party | 1 | | 0.01% |
| Total | 11,572 | 100% | 100% |

## Related external links

* Official Results of the 2007 Commune Councils Election
* National Election Committee
* 2007 COMMUNE COUNCIL ELECTION CALENDAR (PDF)
* Promoting Women's Participation In Decision Making At the commune level in Cambodia - by the World Bank (PDF)
* This Cambodia-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Francisca Dorotea

Francisca Dorotea Bernaldo Vivas (6 February 1558 – 13 March 1623) was a Spanish Dominican nun. She founded the Convent of Santa María de los Reyes in Seville.

## Biography

She was born on 6 February 1558 in Santiago de Compostela to Gaspar Bernaldo de Villada, a native of Guadalajara, and Catalina Vivas Lucero from Málaga, where a relative of her mother served as canon. Soon her family moved to Seville, where her paternal grandparents had returned from the Americas. In 1590, she founded a community of Dominican nuns and, after several changes of headquarters and different approvals, she founded the convent of Santa María de los Reyes in 1611, in which she took vows in 1613. She lived an austere, penitential life that made her known throughout Spain. She died on 13 March 1623 with a reputation for holiness.

## Beatification

In 1630, her cause for beatification was initiated and processed by the Sacred Congregation of Rites until 1777 when it was definitively closed. There have been many attempts to reopen her cause but to no success. She is regarded as "venerable" in the Dominican Order.
# Cape Peschany (Caspian Sea)

Cape Peschany (Kazakh: Песчаный Мүйісі Peschanyi Müiısı; Russian: Мыс Песчаный, Mys Peschanyy) is a headland in Kazakhstan.

## Geography

Stretching out southwestwards this headland is located in the eastern coast of the Caspian Sea south of Aktau. Its name means 'Sandy Cape' in Russian.
# Don Embankment

Don Embankment (Russian: Набережная реки Дон) in Rostov-on-Don is situated on the right side of the river.

## History

In the 1860s in Rostov was formed a street called Beregovaya (Coastal Street) which soon began to be intensively built up. Because of frequent fires, in 1873 the City Duma prohibited building wooden houses there. It was allowed to build only brick buildings with a roof made of iron.
The narrow Beregovaya Street eventually had expanded to the shore, where an embankment was built by 1881.
In 1834 the first construction project of Rostov-on-Don Embankment was proposed by military engineer Lieutenant-Colonel Shmelyov, but this project wasn't completed. In 1842, another draft by Captain Baron Firks was proposed, according to which the embankment was to be extended to 924 meters. Yet again no construction works had been carried out then. In the years 1895–1905, a cargo embankment was built in the city with a pier, running water and electricity lighting. It had huge stone buildings of grain barns, warehouses, customs house, stock exchanges for fish trade and so on. There were steamship piers of passenger and cargo traffic, grain warehouses. So far, five buildings, known as the Paramonov Warehouses, which have the status of a monument of history and culture of federal significance.
Already in Soviet times, in 1944, architect Vladimir Sokolov proposed a project of reconstruction of the embankment, which was implemented. The railway tracks and warehouses were removed from the embankment, and the cranes were moved upstream along the Don. The embankment began to turn into a recreation area. Boulevards and flower gardens were opened there. Works on the improvement of the embankment were conducted under the guidance of the architects Valentin Razumovsky and Jan Rebayn. The opening of the reconstructed Rostov Embankment took place on 7 August 1949.
In 2010s several sculptures and monuments were installed at the embankment. Every year it also hosts the Don River Festival, which is visited by approximately ten thousand people.

## Gallery

* Cossacks at Don River Festival
* Cossacks at Don River Festival
* Rostov Embankment
* Rostov Embankment
* Construction of Rostov Embankment
* Rostov Embankment before Revolution of 1917
* Paramonov Warehouses
# Muhammad Dandamayev

Muhammad Abdulkadyrovich Dandamayev (Lak: Мухаммад Абдулкадырович Дандамаев; September 2, 1928 – August 28, 2017), Chief Researcher at the Institute of Oriental Manuscripts of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IOM-RAS), was a historian who focused on the ancient Persian Empire, and the social institutions of Babylonia during the first millennium BCE.

## Works
### Books

* Dandamayev, M. A. (1989). A political history of the Achaemenid empire. Leiden: Brill. ISBN 90-04-09172-6.
* M. A. Dandamayev (1992). Iranians in Achaemenid Babylonia. Mazda Publishers in association with Bibliotheca Persica. 241 pages
* Muhammad A. Dandamayev, Vladimir G. Lukonin (2004) : The Culture and Social Institutions of Ancient Iran. Cambridge University Press. 480 pages.
* Muhammad A. Dandamayev, Marvin A. Powell, David B. Weisberg (2008). Slavery in Babylonia: From Nabopolassar to Alexander the Great (626-331 B.C.). Northern Illinois University Press. 836 pages.
* Dandamayev M.А. Mesopotamia and Iran in the 7th-4th Centuries B.C.: Social Institutions and Ideology [Месопотамия и Иран в VII—IV вв. до н.э.: Социальные институты и идеология]. St Petersburg: St. Petersburg State University Faculty of Philology and Arts 2007. 512 p.
* Dandamayev M.A. The Babylonian Scribes [Вавилонские писцы]. Moscow, Nauka GRVL Publishers 1983.
* Dandamayev M.A. The Slavery in Babylonia during the 7th to 8th Centuries BCE (626-331) [Рабство в Вавилонии VII - IV вв. до н.э. (626 - 331 гг.)]. Moscow: Nauka GRVL Publishers 1974.
* Азиатский музей - Ленинградское отделение Института востоковедения АН СССР / Редакционная коллегия: А.П.Базиянц, Д.Е.Бертельс (отв. секретарь), Б.Г.Гафуров, А.Н.Кононов (председатель), Е.И.Кычанов, И.М.Оранский, Ю.А.Петросян, Э.Н.Тёмкин, О.Л.Фишман, А.Б.Халидов, И.Ш.Шифман. М.: «Наука», 1972.
# Beznabad

Beznabad (Persian: بزن اباد) may refer to:
* Beznabad-e Olya
* Beznabad-e Sofla
# Mohd. Aleem Khan

Mohd. Aleem Khan (Hindi: मोहम्मद अलीम खान) was an Indian politician and a member of the 16th Legislative Assembly of India. He represented the Bulandshahar constituency of Uttar Pradesh and was a member of the Bahujan Samaj Party political party.

## Early life and education

Mohd. Aleem Khan was born in Bulandshahar. He has not received any formal education and was literate.

## Political career

Aleem Khan had been a MLA for two terms. He represented the Bulandshahr constituency and was a member of the Bahujan Samaj Party political party.
He lost his seat in the 2017 Uttar Pradesh Assembly election to Virendra Singh of the Bharatiya Janata Party.

## Posts Held

| # | From | To | Position | Comments |
| 01 | 2012 | 2017 | Member, 16th Legislative Assembly | |
| 02 | 2007 | 2012 | Member, 15th Legislative Assembly | |