# Hachijō, Tokyo

Hachijō (八丈町, Hachijō-machi) is a town located in Hachijō Subprefecture, Tokyo Metropolis, Japan. As of 1 December 2022, the town had an estimated population of 7,056, and a population density of 97.7 persons per km$^2$. Its total area is 72.24 square kilometres (27.89 sq mi). Electric power for the town is provided by a geothermal power station and a wind farm.

## Geography

Hachijō covers the islands of Hachijō-jima and Hachijō-kojima, two of the islands in the Izu archipelago in the Philippine Sea, 228 kilometres (142 mi) south of central Tokyo. Warmed by the Kuroshio Current, the town has a warmer and wetter climate than central Tokyo. All of the town's residents live on the island of Hachijō-jima, as the last of Hachijō-kojima residents left in 1969, citing lack of basic public services on that island.

### Neighboring municipalities

* Tokyo Metropolis
** Aogashima, Tokyo
** Mikurajima, Tokyo

### Climate

Climate data for Hachijō-jima (1991−2020 normals, extremes 1906−present) :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 21.5 (70.7) | 21.9 (71.4) | 22.7 (72.9) | 26.3 (79.3) | 27.4 (81.3) | 30.4 (86.7) | 34.2 (93.6) | 34.8 (94.6) | 33.2 (91.8) | 31.0 (87.8) | 26.3 (79.3) | 24.6 (76.3) | 34.8 (94.6) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 12.9 (55.2) | 13.5 (56.3) | 15.8 (60.4) | 18.9 (66.0) | 21.8 (71.2) | 24.1 (75.4) | 27.7 (81.9) | 29.6 (85.3) | 27.6 (81.7) | 23.8 (74.8) | 20.0 (68.0) | 15.6 (60.1) | 20.9 (69.6) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 10.1 (50.2) | 10.4 (50.7) | 12.5 (54.5) | 15.8 (60.4) | 18.8 (65.8) | 21.3 (70.3) | 25.2 (77.4) | 26.5 (79.7) | 24.5 (76.1) | 21.0 (69.8) | 16.9 (62.4) | 12.7 (54.9) | 18.0 (64.4) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 7.6 (45.7) | 7.5 (45.5) | 9.3 (48.7) | 12.9 (55.2) | 16.2 (61.2) | 19.4 (66.9) | 23.3 (73.9) | 24.3 (75.7) | 22.3 (72.1) | 18.7 (65.7) | 14.2 (57.6) | 9.9 (49.8) | 15.5 (59.9) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −1.8 (28.8) | −2.0 (28.4) | 0.0 (32.0) | 4.5 (40.1) | 8.3 (46.9) | 11.5 (52.7) | 15.6 (60.1) | 16.7 (62.1) | 14.7 (58.5) | 10.4 (50.7) | 5.9 (42.6) | 0.3 (32.5) | −2.0 (28.4) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 201.7 (7.94) | 205.5 (8.09) | 296.5 (11.67) | 215.2 (8.47) | 256.7 (10.11) | 390.3 (15.37) | 254.1 (10.00) | 169.5 (6.67) | 360.5 (14.19) | 479.1 (18.86) | 277.4 (10.92) | 200.2 (7.88) | 3,306.7 (130.17) |
| Average rainy days | 14.1 | 13.7 | 16.3 | 12.9 | 12.7 | 15.3 | 10.5 | 10.8 | 15.0 | 16.5 | 14.0 | 14.3 | 166.1 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 68 | 69 | 71 | 77 | 84 | 91 | 92 | 87 | 86 | 82 | 74 | 69 | 79 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 84.9 | 87.8 | 124.5 | 139.4 | 148.5 | 87.1 | 137.3 | 185.9 | 139.6 | 107.1 | 102.6 | 100.4 | 1,445.1 |
| Source 1: JMA ||||||||||||||
| Source 2: JMA ||||||||||||||

## Demographics

The population of Hachijō as of 2020 was 7,042, down from 7,613 in 2015.
Population Distribution by Age and Sex in Hachijō-jima :
| ■Hachijō-jima ■Japan (average) | ■Male ■Female |
| 1970 10,316 1975 10,318 1980 10,244 1985 10,024 1990 9,420 1995 9,476 2000 9,488 2005 8,837 2010 8,231 2015 7,613 ||
| 2015 Census, Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications - Statistics Department ||

## History

During the Edo period, Hachijōjima was known as a place of exile for convicts. This practice ended in the Meiji period, and the island residents developed an economy based on fishing, sericulture, and agriculture. Hachijō Subprefecture was organized on April 1, 1908, and included the villages of Mitsune, Nakanogo, Kashitate, Sueyoshi and Ōkago. The villages of Toruchi and Utsuki on Hachijōkojima were organized on May 3, 1947. The five villages of Hachijōjima merged on October 1, 1954, to form the village of Hachijō. On April 1, 1955, the two villages of Hachijōkojima also merged with the village of Hachijō, which was promoted to town status. However, in March 1966, the residents of Hachijōkojima voted to abandon their island, citing the inaccessibility of basic public services and economic difficulties, and Hachijōkojima became a deserted island from June 1969.

## Economy

Fishing and tourism are the mainstays of the economy of Hachijō.

## Education

The town government operates three public elementary and three public junior high schools.
Junior high schools:
* Fuji Junior High School (富士中学校)
* Mihara Junior High School (三原中学校)
* Okago Junior High School (大賀郷中学校)
Elementary schools:
* Mihara Elementary School (三原小学校)
* Mitsune Elementary School (三根小学校)
* Okago Elementary School (大賀郷小学校)
The Tōkyō Metropolitan Government Board of Education operates Hachijō High School [ja].

## Transportation

Hachijōjima is accessible both by aircraft and by ferry. A pedestrian ferry leaves Tōkyō once every day at 10 p.m., and arrives at Hachijōjima at 9:00 a.m. the following day. Air travel to Hachijojima Airport takes 45 minutes from Tōkyō International Airport (Haneda).

## Sister cities

* Maui County, Hawaii, United States

## Gallery

* Hachijōjima (right) and Hachijōkojima (left)
* Typical stone walls
* Sokodo Harbor