OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Epping Forest Guardian

The Epping Forest Guardian is a local newspaper sold every Thursday in the district of Epping Forest in Essex, England.
The paper is published by Newsquest, as part of its East London and West Essex Guardian Series (also branded as Your Local Guardian), which includes papers covering neighbouring areas, such as the Waltham Forest Guardian and the Wanstead and Woodford Guardian.
The newspaper's weekly circulation is 3,495 copies, according to ABC figures from July to December 2017.

## Editors

* Amanda Patterson (group editor) 2008 – 200?
* Anthony Longden (group editor) 200?- 2012
* Tim Jones (group editor) 2012 – 2017
* Victoria Birch (group editor) 2017–present
# Gyrth Godwinson

Gyrth Godwinson (Old English: Gyrð Godƿinson; c. 1032 – 14 October 1066) was the fourth son of Earl Godwin, and thus a younger brother of Harold Godwinson. He went with his eldest brother Sweyn into exile to Flanders in 1051, but unlike Sweyn he was able to return with the rest of the clan the following year. Along with his brothers Harold and Tostig, Gyrth was present at his father's death-bed.

## Biography

Following the death of his father in April 1053, the Godwinsons managed to retain their hold on England. Harold inherited the Earldom of Wessex and became second in power only to the king. Gyrth was made Earl of East Anglia, Cambridgeshire and Oxfordshire some time between 1055 and 1057. Together with his brother Leofwine's Earldoms of Kent, Essex, Middlesex, Hertford, Surrey and probably Buckinghamshire the Godwinsons now controlled the entirety of East England.
According to Orderic Vitalis and William of Malmesbury, Gyrth tried (ineffectually) to prevent Harold from engaging William of Normandy in battle, saying that he instead could lead the English forces and that he must stay in London to lead another battle and reminding him of the oath which he had sworn to William. Harold, however, ignored Gyrth's advice. Gyrth fought at and was killed in the Battle of Hastings alongside his brothers Harold and Leofwine.

## Popular culture

Gyrth was portrayed by actor Malcolm Webster in the two-part BBC TV play Conquest (1966), part of the series Theatre 625.

## Citations

* ↑ Barlow, Vita Ædwardi pp. 7–8.
* ↑ DeVries, The Norwegian Invasion of England in 1066, pp. 114–115.
* ↑ DeVries, The Norwegian Invasion of England in 1066, pp. 115.
* ↑ Anglo-Saxon Chronicle (D and E), 1066

## Sources

* Barlow, Frank (ed.). Vita Ædwardi.
* DeVries, Kelly (1999). The Norwegian Invasion of England in 1066. Boydell Press. pp. 108–114. ISBN 1-84383-027-2.
# Routes, Seine-Maritime

Routes (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Seine-Maritime department in the Normandy region in northern France.

## Geography

A small farming village in the Pays de Caux, some 33 miles (53 km) northeast of Le Havre, at the junction of the D88 and D420 roads.

## Places of interest

* The church of St. Martin-et-Notre-Dame, dating from the eighteenth century.
# John McCarthy (conductor)

Eugene Patrick John McCarthy OBE (20 November 1916 - 8 April 2009), also known professionally for most of his career as John Mac or simply Mac, was a three-times Grammy Award-nominated director and conductor of choral music.

## Early life

Born in London to Irish parents, McCarthy was educated at the Oratory school in Kensington and then on a scholarship at St. Edmund's school near Ware, Hertfordshire, after which he attended the Royal College of Music. His first recording was in 1927 whilst still a boy, where he performed as a soprano. He later worked at a bank, and in 1940 was married to Margaret Quigley with whom he had twin girls and a son. After serving during the Second World War, he studied privately under Mátyás Seiber, a prominent composer and conductor, and also sang professionally as a tenor around the same time.
McCarthy was involved in sports in his youth, particularly in water polo. He was a reserve member of the British water polo team for the 1948 Olympic games.

## Musical career

In 1951 McCarthy together with Denis Stevens founded a choral group known as the Ambrosian Singers to provide choral polyphony for the BBC series, The History of Music, which Stevens produced. By the 1960s the group had grown to include 700 singers from which smaller groups could be selected. He also went on to found The John McCarthy Singers.
From 1961-66 McCarthy was the chorus master of the London Symphony Orchestra. The LSO's chorus of this era has been described as "simply the Ambrosian Singers under another name". In the mid-1960s McCarthy moved into opera music, and worked with artists such as Joan Sutherland, Placido Domingo and Luciano Pavarotti. In 1981 he was made the chorus master of the Royal Opera House. He was also director of music at the Carmelite priory in London. Performances conducted by McCarthy were included in the films Chariots of Fire and Amadeus.

## Awards

He conducted the Ambrosian choir in performances that received three Grammy nominations, one in 1968 for a performance of Handel's Messiah, one in 1969 for a performance of Shostakovich's Symphony No. 2 in C Major, and one in 1976 for conducting a rendition of Cherubini's Requiem in D Minor, all in the "Best Classical Choral Performance" category. He received his OBE in 1989 for services to music.
# Torrile

Torrile (Parmigiano: Toril) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Parma in the Italian region Emilia-Romagna, located about 90 kilometres (56 mi) northwest of Bologna and about 13 kilometres (8 mi) north of Parma.
Torrile borders the following municipalities: Colorno, Mezzani, Parma, Sissa Trecasali.

## Main sights

In the comune is the pieve of Gainago, known from 1144 and dedicated to St. John the Baptist. It houses 13th-century frescoes with a Deposition, Saint and Madonna with Child. Another sight is the Torre ("Tower") from which the commune takes its name, located in the frazione of Gainago. The patrician Villa Balduino-Serra is home to a large garden and park.

## Economy

The town is home to Erreà, which is one of the leading sportswear producers of Italy.
# Rene Hardenbol

Rene Hardenbol, OAM (born 17 May 1971) is an Australian swimmer with an intellectual disability. At the 1992 Paralympic Games for Persons with Mental Handicap, he won five gold medals and two silver medals.

## Personal

He was born on 17 May 1971 in Western Australia. At the age of 12 months, he was diagnosed with behavioural autism. In January 1983, his parents sent him to live in the Netherlands with his maternal grandmother and to attend the De Zevens-sprong School for children with special needs. Whilst in the Netherlands he was encouraged to take up swimming.

## Swimming career

At age 13, after he returned to Australia, he was coached by Barbara Evans at the Aqua Club between 1984 and 1985. before joining the Aqua Club of which he was made a life member in 1994. From 1986, he was coached by George Brown at the Victoria Park/Carlisle Swimming Club. In 1988, he won three gold and a silver medal at the Special Olympic Games in Sydney, New South Wales. At the 1st World Games for Athletes with an Intellectual Disability in Härnösand, Sweden, he won three gold, two silver and five bronze medals. He set world record times in the 400m freestyle, 200m freestyle and 200m backstroke.
At the 1992 Paralympic Games for Persons with Mental Handicap, Madrid, Spain, he won five gold medals in the Men's 200 m Backstroke, Men's 4 x 50 m Freestyle Relay, Men's 4 × 100 m Freestyle Relay, Men's 4 x 50 m Medley Relay, Men's 4 × 100 m Medley Relay and two silver medals in the Men's 100 m Freestyle and Men's 200 m Breaststroke. He set a world record in the 200m Backstroke. After the Games, he was offered an Australian Institute of Sport Athlete with a Disability scholarship.
He competed at the 1994 IPC Swimming World Championships in Malta and won three gold medals in the Men's 50m Backstroke S14, Men's 50m Breaststroke SB14, Men's 50m Freestyle S14 and a silver medal in the Men's 100 m Freestyle S14. He retired from Paralympic swimming at the end of 1994.
In 2014, he is a member of the Somerset Masters Swimming Club. He has also been a member of a four-person team who successfully completed the Rottnest Channel Swim.

## Recognition

* 1989 - Comment News Senior Sports Star of the Year
* 1991 - City of Gosnells Certificate of Merit for Meritorious Achievement in the field of Swimming
* 1993 - OAM for service to sport as a gold medallist at the Madrid 1992 Paralympic Games.
* 1994 - Caltex Sports Person of the Year, Special Olympics category
* 2000 - Australian Sports Medal
* 2014 - Victoria Park Sporting Walk of Fame
# Saeed Salamaat

Saeed Salammat (Persian: سعید سلامات; born 22 October 1963 in Abadan, Iran) is an Iranian football coach and retired player who served as manager at Sanat Naft B. He was also caretaker manager of the junior team in 2013 in the absence of Acácio Casimiro due to a cancer illness.
# Marcela Prieto

Marcela Elizabeth Prieto Castañeda (born 11 March 1992) is a Mexican racing cyclist, who most recently rode for Mexican amateur team PatoBike–BMC.

## Major results

Source:

### 2015

    3rd Road race, National Road Championships

### 2017

    3rd Road race, National Road Championships

### 2018

    1st Overall Vuelta Femenina a Guatemala
       1st Stage 2
    1st Gran Premio Comite Olimpico Nacional Femenino
    2nd Overall Vuelta Internacional Femenina a Costa Rica
    3rd Overall Vuelta a Colombia Femenina
       1st Stage 4
    3rd Gran Premio ICODER
    7th Overall Tour of the Gila
    10th Overall Tour of California

### 2019

    1st Overall Vuelta Tica Internacional
       1st Stage 1 & 2
    4th Clásica CRC 506
    7th Overall Joe Martin Stage Race
    10th Clásica Esencial Costa Rica

### 2022

    7th Overall Tour of the Gila

### 2023

    2nd Overall Tour of the Gila
       1st Stage 1
    7th Overall Vuelta Femenina a Guatemala
# Johann Halbig

Johann Halbig (also Johann von Halbig) (13 July 1814 – 29 August 1882) was a German sculptor of the Classicism school.

## Biography

He was born at Donnersdorf in Lower Franconia and was educated at the Polytechnical School and at the Academy of Fine Arts in Munich. After the early death of his teacher and employer Ernst Mayer he became his successor as professor of sculpture at the Polytechnic School in Munich, where most of his works can be found. His work is characterized by its decorative quality. Johann Halbig died in Munich and was buried in the Alter Südfriedhof.

## Works

His most notable production was the colossal group of a quadriga and lions on the triumphal arch (1847). He also carved the lions of the Pinakothek and statues of Roma and Minerva in the palace gardens. He created 18 colossal statues representing the leading German provinces for the Befreiungshalle at Kelheim; 60 busts for the Pinakothek (Munich); a statue of King Maximilian II for Lindau (1854); a monument of Count Platen at Ansbach (1858); the monument of Marshal Cachahiba d'Argolo in Bahía, Brazil; a statue of King Ludwig I of Bavaria for Kelheim. Among his later works are a statue of Fraunhofer in Munich (1866); an equestrian statue of King William I of Württemberg for Cannstatt (1876); the "Emancipation" group of sculpture in New York (1867–1868); and the "Passion" group at Oberammergau (1875).

## Gallery

* Hall of Liberty Kelheim
* Bust of Halbig's teacher Ernst Mayer
* Lion in Munich
* Bernhard Erasmus von Deroy, Royal Bavarian General of Infantry
* Halibig's lion at Lindau (Bodensee)
* Budapest: statue of Archduke Joseph, Palatine of Hungary
* Crucifixion in bronze for centrum of Alter Südfriedhof (1850)
* Colossal crucifixiongroup (12 m high) for Oberammergau commissioned by Ludwig II
# Fakhr al-Mulk

Fakhr al-Mulk or Fakhr ul-Mulk (Arabic: فخر الملك, lit. 'Glory of the Realm') is an Arabic honorific title. It can refer to:
* Fakhr al-Mulk (Buyid vizier) (died 1016), vizier of the Buyid emir Baha al-Dawla
* Abu Shuja Muhammad al-Ashraf (died 1073), Fatimid vizier, son of the previous
* Fakhr al-Mulk (Seljuk vizier) (1043–1106), vizier of the Seljuk rulers Berkyaruq and Ahmad Sanjar
* Fakhr al-Mulk Ridwan (1077–1103), Seljuk ruler of Aleppo
* Fakhr al-Mulk ibn Ammar (died 1118/9), last ruling qadi of Tripoli
# Oriano Otočan

Oriano Otočan (born 1 April 1969) is a Croatian politician. He held several roles in the government and administration of Istria County between 2001 and 2014 and was the president of the European Association for Local Democracy (ALDA) from 2012 to 2024. Otočan is a member of the Istrian Democratic Assembly (IDS).

## Early life and career

Otočan was born in Pula, in what was then the Socialist Republic of Croatia in the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. He holds degrees from the University of Rijeka Faculty of Mechanics (1993) and the same university's Faculty of Economics (2002). He worked in the private sector before entering political life. A 2022 newspaper report noted that he owns or co-owns a number of businesses in Istria, including in the catering and performing arts sectors.

## Politics in Istria

Otočan was the IDS's communication secretary from 1998 to 2000 and its executive secretary from 2000 to 2001. He was also a member of the Pula city council's committee for social affairs in the same period. He appeared in the fifteenth position on the IDS's electoral list for the Istrian District assembly in the 2001 Croatian local elections and was elected when the list won a majority victory with twenty-eight out of forty-one seats. After the election, he served as head of the cabinet for district prefect Ivan Jakovčić.
He was appointed as a member of the district government in 2005 with responsibility for international cooperation and European integration. In December 2009, he was re-assigned as director of the department for international cooperation and European Union integration. He resigned this position in July 2014 in order to work as an assistant to Jakovčić, who had been elected as a member of the European Parliament in the 2014 European elections in Croatia. From 2014 to 2019, Otočan served as policy advisor and head of the parliamentary office for Jakovčić.
In December 2004, Otočan announced that the Istria would become the first region of Croatia to open a representative office in Brussels. Five years later, he said that this decision had greatly benefited the county, giving it better access to information about projects supported by the European Union.
Otočan became the IDS's secretary for international relations in 2008 and continues to hold this role as of 2024.
He was appointed by Italian president Giorgio Napolitano as an Officer of the Order of the Star of Italy in 2014, in recognition of his work in developing good relations with that country.

## European Association for Local Democracy

Otočan joined the ALDA board of governors in 2008. Four years later, he was chosen as the organization's president. He stood down from this role in May 2024, after serving three terms, and was elected as the organization's treasurer.
# Plaza de toros de Acho

The Plaza de Toros de Acho is the premier bullring in Lima, Peru. Located beside the historical center of the Rímac District, the plaza is classified as a national historic monument. It is the oldest bullring in the Americas and the second-oldest in the world after La Maestranza in Spain (not counting the Roman Empire-era Arles Amphitheatre in France). It opened on 30 January 1766.
Of the 56 official bullrings in Peru, the Plaza de Acho ranks most prominently. It has a seating capacity of 13,700 and was constructed of adobe and wood, both traditional materials.

## History

In 1765, Agustín Hipólito de Landaburu sought permission to construct what he called "a fixed plaza for the corridas de toros" that would take place in Lima during the city's celebration of Carnival. The plaza would be constructed in the Rímac district on a site that had been used for several temporary bullrings since 1754. The site was called “el Hacho,” a Quechua word meaning “elevated place with view of the sea.” Construction on the plaza officially began on 30 January 1766.$^{:72}$
The inaugural run took place on 30 January 1766, and showcased the bullfighters Pisí, Maestro de España, and Gallipavo. The first bull to be killed in the plaza was a white animal called "El Albañil," meaning The Mason.$^{:73}$
Throughout its existence, revenues from the Plaza de Acho have been designated for the organizers of different corridas. An exception to this was during the war for independence from Spain: between the years of 1821 and 1826 all proceeds from the plaza were directed to the liberating army.$^{:87}$
The plaza was remodeled once, in 1944, due to deteriorated conditions.$^{:218–219}$ Although the work was generally considered successful in retaining the plaza's beloved characteristics, at least one writer bemoaned the "fall" of the old plaza: "Solemn, silent and decrepit—like those old actresses burdened with years-old glories and fames—the old Plaza de Toros de Lima has fallen."$^{:219}$
Since its opening, the Plaza de Acho has hosted many famous bullfighters or toreros, including Juan Belmonte, Manuel Rodríguez 'Manolete', Luis Miguel Domínguez 'Dominguín', and Manuel Benítez 'El Cordobés'.
In September 19 of 1987 Plaza de Acho was the site of Los Prisioneros most famous concert in Peru.

## Acho today

The bullfighting fair held in honor of the annual Señor de los Milagros festival takes place at the plaza on Sundays through October and November. During the fair, Lima brings in some of the world's most lauded talent (the bill for 2019 included Andrés Roca Rey, Sebastian Castella, and José Mari Manzanares) The best bullfighter of the year is awarded the Escapulario de Oro (Golden Scapular), while the " Escapulario de Plata" Silver Scapular goes to the provider of the best bull. Sometimes either or both scapulars may go not awarded.
# Eduardo Sicangco

Eduardo Varela Sicangco is a stage designer and illustrator for Broadway, opera, and Hollywood film. His work was widely recognized and has been included in the Lynn Pecktal book Costume Design: Techniques of Modern Masters.

## Career

Eduardo Varela Sicangco was born in Bacolod, Negros Occidental. He was a student of National Artist Salvador Bernal at the Ateneo de Manila University. He later became Bernal’s protégé at the Cultural Center of the Philippines where Sicangco designed Le Carnaval for Ballet Philippines. Upon finishing an MFA in stage design at New York University, Tisch School of the Arts, he was given the J.S. Seidman Award for Excellence in Design. Sicangco was a Master Teacher of Design at NYU until 2004. He has thirty-two years of scenographic work in American theaters and various international design.
# Plaza de toros de las Arenas

Plaza de toros de las Arenas is a converted former bullring in Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. Over the years it was used music venue, hosting Carlos Santana and Paco de Lucia in 1977. It opened on June 29, 1900, and its last bullfight was held on June 19, 1977. The building was reopened in 2011 as a shopping and entertainment complex named Arenas de Barcelona.

## History

The plaza de Las Arenas opened in 1900. It was mainly used for boxing or free fights. In 1927, when it became the property of rich entrepreneur Pedro Balañá, the Arenas were remodeled into a bullfight arena. During the Civil War, the building was occupied by anti-fascist militias. Bullfights went on during the Franco era. In the 1960s, a North-American and European tourism grew around bullfights in Spain. The last fight took place in 1977.
Bob Marley and The Wailers performed on 30 June 1980 in support of their Uprising Tour (European Leg).
In 1989, the first anti-bullfight campaign was led in Catalonia. In 2004, support grew in Barcelona against bullfighting and by 2010, bullfights were voted illegal; however, this law was overturned in 2016.

## 2011 remodeling

The remodeling work started in November 2009. The developer, Metrovacesa, invested 70 million euros in the project. The architects were Alonso y Balaguer and Richard Rogers. The construction work was handled by Dragados. A public walkway was installed on the last floor all around the building, allowing a 360 degrees view of the city (the mirador).
The Arenas opened as a new mall in March 2011.

## Description

The commercial area is 31,918 m2 and counts 100 stores on 6 floors. In 2015, the mall recorded 10,500,000 visitors.
The dome of the building is 27 metres high.
# Popular (film)

Popular (Persian: عامه‌پسند, romanized: Aamme-Pasand) is a 2020 Iranian film written and directed by Soheil Beiraghi. The film screened for the first time at the 38th Fajr Film Festival.

## Cast

* Fatemeh Motamed-Arya as Fahime Mirbod
* Hootan Shakiba as Milad Bodaghi
* Baran Kosari as Afsane Shirkhodaei

## Commentary and controversy

In 2019, Popular, Beiraghi's third feature film was eliminated from the Fajr Festival's public screening program. The director published a comment on his social media page which read: “God in Heaven!... Popular wasn’t allowed to be screened in Mashhad! I called all the people I knew to ask why. All of them said unanimously, ‘We just obey orders from above!’ I wonder where and who this “above” is! I wish I could talk to this “above”! He or she needs to explain why he doesn't allow the others to see the film while he himself hasn't still seen it and simply eliminated it...” To show respect for his viewers, Beiraghi shared a few minutes of the beginning of his film through live video.
# Martine Schon

Martine Schon (born 7 December 1992) is a Luxembourger footballer who played as a forward for Dames Ligue 1 club AS Wincrange and the Luxembourg women's national team.

## International career

Schon made her senior debut for Luxembourg on 20 September 2020 during a 0–3 friendly loss against Bulgaria.
# Adlène Hicheur

Adlène Hicheur (born 4 December 1976) is a particle physicist with dual Algerian and French nationality. After his master of theoretical physics in Lyon, he joined LAPP (Laboratoire d'Annecy le Vieux de Physique des Particules) to work on the BaBar experiment, located at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center. His thesis, defended in 2003, was about the production of high energy Eta prime mesons in the decays of B mesons. After that he was a Postdoctorate in England at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, where he worked on the ATLAS experiment at LHC. He then joined the high energy physics department of École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) and works currently on the LHCb experiment.
Adlène Hicheur was arrested in France on 8 October 2009, after police allegedly intercepted emails between himself and Al-Qaida in Islamic Maghreb, an Algerian-based terrorist organisation. Two weeks after his arrest, the Algerian media compared Hicheur to Lotfi Raissi, who was first suspected of terrorism before being released without charges. An International Support Committee was organized by Adlene's friends and colleagues to support Adlene and to request a fair investigation.
General director of the National Police Frédéric Péchenard stated in November 2009 that Hicheur planned to attack a base of the National Defence in Annecy, which harbours the 27ème bataillon de chasseurs alpins, involved in Afghanistan.
Hicheur's trial started on 29 March 2012 in Paris. In May 2012 Hicheur was sentenced to "five years in prison for plotting terrorist attacks." On 15 May Hicheur left prison and decided not to appeal against his sentence. He was a visiting professor at Instituto de Física of Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
In July 2016, the government of Brazil had Hicheur deported back to France, where he was placed under house arrest. Hicheur has decided to renounce his French citizenship and move to Algeria.
# Shumov

Shumov (Russian: Шумов) is a Russian masculine surname, its feminine counterpart is Shumova. It may refer to:
* Aleksandr Shumov (born 1991), Russian football player
* Ilya Shumov, (1819–1881) Russian chess master
* Konstantin Shumov (born 1985), Finnish volleyball player
* Nadezhda Ziber-Shumova (died 1914), Russian chemist
* Vasily Shumov (born 1960), Russian/American artist