OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Assugrin

Assugrin is a brand name for a sugar substitute that is a blend of cyclamate and saccharin. Produced in Switzerland by MCM Klosterfrau Vertriebsgesellschaft, Assugrin was the main table sweetener in West Germany.

## History

Cyclamate sugar substitute was discovered in 1937 by two American chemists and tested over the subsequent twenty years. After cyclamate was declared safe for consumption in the mid-1950s, the Hermes Company announced their new product, Assugrin, in 1954. More than a decade later, in 1965, Hermes company came up with a mixture of saccharin and cyclamate. It was later introduced to the market under the brand name Assugrin. In that same year, aspartame was discovered. Aspartame was introduced into the Assugrin brand as Assugrin Gold.
In 1987, orange and lemon varieties were added to the West German low-calorie soft drink Assugrin Exquisit. In 1990, Albi launched Assugrin Aktiv (Iso-Mineral-Fitness-Drink), a reduced calorie sports drink. Hermes Sweeteners Ltd introduced Assugrin Light blended sweetener as a "special diet food" in 1995.
In 2002, the Assugrin brand was introduced in Brazil through a new dietetic sweetener made with saccharin, water, artificial sweeteners, and sodium cyclamate.
In 2003, Swiss sweeteners producer Hermes Edulcorants, headquartered in Zürich, generated 67 million Swiss francs ($53.2 million/€44.4 million) for 2003. Their brand, the Assugrin sweetener, was being sold in about 100 countries, but mainly in Switzerland, Germany, and Austria. Assugrin also has a presence in Spain and Brazil.
# Major (Germany)

Major (German pronunciation:) is the lowest staff officer rank in the German Army, German Air Force. The rank is rated OF-3 in NATO. The rank insignia is a silver oakleaf cluster with a silver pip (star).
The OF-3 equivalent of the German Navy is the Korvettenkapitän.

## History

The rank in German-speaking armed forces dates back to the Middle Ages.

### World War II

During World War II, the SS equivalent was Sturmbannführer.

## Current rules

To be appointed to the rank of major, the officer has to pass a staff officer basic course (Stabsoffizierlehrgang) which is held at the German Armed Forces Command and Staff College (Führungsakademie der Bundeswehr), and serve in a post coded A13 or A13/A14.
In the German Army and the Joint Support Service (Streitkräftebasis), the waiting period between meeting the requirements for promotion and actual promotion to the rank of major averages 15 months due to budget problems (as of July 2010).
# Aaron Sibarium

Aaron Sibarium is an American journalist. He is a staff writer at the Washington Free Beacon. He is a 2018 graduate of Yale University where he was editor of the opinion section of the Yale Daily News.
Sibarium found many of the instances of plagiarism committed by Harvard president Claudine Gay, which led to her resignation in 2023.
He was called a "rising star reporter" in a long 2023 profile feature in Politico.
# Trialeti Chalice

The Trialeti Chalice is a silver cup from Trialeti, Georgia.
It was discovered during an archaeological expedition in the 1930s, it was one of the objects from the Trialeti culture that were excavated from Kurgan barrows in Trialeti, and has been dated to the 18th-17th centuries BCE.
The outside of the cup is decorated with two processional friezes, the lower depicts nine deer, stags and hinds walking clockwise around the cup.
The upper frieze has twenty two masked men bearing cups processing in the opposite direction to the deer. They are heading towards a seated man with a raised cup. Between him and the procession are a couple of animals and two other objects, and behind him is a tree. There are various speculations as to the meaning and cultural influences of the friezes. The Encyclopaedia Iranica considers the animals to be depicted in the Hittite tradition, and the tree to be the Tree of Life. Others interpret an Egyptian influence, describing the men as wearing masks similar to those of the priests of the Egyptian god Osiris.
The cup is now in the collection of the Georgian National Museum in Tbilisi.
# The Small Millionaire

The Small Millionaire (Egyptian Arabic: المليونيرة الصغيرة, translit. Al-Millionairah al-Saghirah) is an Egyptian 1948 drama film directed and written by Kamal Barakat. It stars Rushdy Abaza and Faten Hamama.

## Plot

A beautiful, young lady falls in love with a pilot officer and wants to marry him, but her grandmother, of a Turkish aristocratic family, doesn't concur and would not allow her to marry the man. One of the family members tries to convince the grandmother to accept this. The grandmother dies and the woman inherits some of her wealth. Her lover becomes hesitant towards their marriage, thinking everybody might assume he married her for her wealth. She convinces him that this is not true and trusts him and loves him, so they marry each other.

## Cast

* Faten Hamama as the young woman.
* Rushdy Abaza as the pilot officer.
* Mary Munib
* Fouad Shafiq
# Nadezhda Deziderieva-Buda

Nadezhda Alexandrovna Deziderieva-Buda (Russian: Надежда Александровна Дезидериева-Буда; 1922–2010) was a Russian mezzo-soprano at the Novosibirsk Opera and Ballet Theatre (1944–1964), director of the music school in Novosibirsk and cultural figure.

## Biography

Nadezhda Deziderieva-Buda was born on July 14, 1922, in Novonikolayevsk. Her father was a teacher of Russian language and literature.
She graduated from a music school (piano class, 1940), Vocal studio at the House of Folk Art, Novosibirsk Musical School (1950) and Novosibirsk Conservatory (1960).
In 1942–1944 Deziderieva-Buda was a soloist of the Novosibirsk Radio Committee.
From 1944 to 1964 she was an opera singer of the Novosibirsk Opera Theater.
In 1964–1979 Nadezhda Alexandrovna was the head of the Children's Music School No. 1 in Novosibirsk.
She was repeatedly a deputy of the district council, worked as a freelance instructor in culture of the city party committee and led the united party organization at the department of culture of the city executive committee.
The opera singer died on December 5, 2010.

## Some roles

* Olga – Eugene Onegin by Pyotr Tchaikovsky
* Siebel – Faust by Charles Gounod
* Konchakovna – Prince Igor by Alexander Borodin
* Princess – Rusalka by Alexander Dargomyzhsky
* Marina Mnishek – Boris Godunov by Modest Mussorgsky
* Lyubava Buslayevna – Sadko by Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov
# Kaye Anne Starosciak

Kaye Anne Starosciak (born Kaye Anne Pappas on April 23, 1973) is an American long-distance runner.
She is regarded as one of the top Masters runners in the United States, competing in the Elite Female Division (Top 50) of the 2014 Boston Marathon and finishing 7th Overall for Female Masters. Starosciak has won full and half marathons as well as shorter distance races and trail competitions.
Starosciak competed in the 2013 Boston Marathon, finishing approximately one hour before the bombings that forced the race to be stopped.

## Career highlights

* 7th, Female Masters Division, 2014 Boston Marathon
* Winner, Female Overall Division, 2015 Publix Georgia Marathon
* Winner, Female Overall Division, 2017 Chickamauga Battlefield Marathon
* Winner, Female Overall Division, 2011 Chickamauga Battlefield Marathon
* Winner, Female Overall Division, 2010 Chickamauga Battlefield Marathon
* Winner, Female Overall Division, 2011 Berry Half Marathon
* Winner, Female Overall Division, 2012 Downhill at Dawn Half Marathon
* Winner, Female Overall Division, 2011 Charlevoix Half Marathon
* Winner, Female Overall Division, 2014 Red Top Rumble Trail Race
* Winner, Female Overall Division, 2013 Red Top Rumble Trail Race
* Winner, Female Masters Division, 2019 Chickamauga Battlefield Marathon
* Winner, Female Masters Division, 2019 Publix Georgia Half Marathon
* Winner, Female Masters Division, 2016 Publix Georgia Marathon
* Winner, Female Masters Division, 2013 Rocket City Marathon
* 4th, Female Masters Division, 2014 Detroit Marathon
* 3rd, Female Overall Division, 2013 Detroit Half Marathon
* Winner, Female Division, Georgia Games Run for Life 5K, 2011
# 7th Division (Winter War)

The 7th Division was a unit of the Finnish Army during the Winter War. It was formed in January 1940 by renumbering the 10th Division in the hope of convincing the Soviets that it had been replaced by fresh troops. The unit was commanded throughout the rest of the Winter War by Major-General Einar Vihma.

## Service history

The 7th Division was formed in January 1940 at Taipale, during the Winter War, the defence against the Soviet invasion. The division was formed by renumbering the 10th Division. The latter had been long in action and worn out but there were not enough Finnish reserves to allow it to be rotated out of the line. It was decided to renumber the division in the hope of convincing the opposing Soviet forces that it had been replaced by a fresh formation. The unit was commanded by Major-General Einar Vihma from 9 January 1940 to the end of the Winter War with the March 1940 Moscow Peace Treaty. Many of the division's men had been engaged in combat since the start of the war in late 1939. As well as its own field artillery regiment, the division was reinforced with a heavy artillery battery and two other batteries sent from the eastern Karelian Isthmus.
By the end of January 1940 the 7th Division was supported by the newly raised and poorly equipped 21st Division. The men of the 7th Division, in their dirty and torn snow camouflage, dubbed the newcomers the "porcelain boys" or "porcelain division" for their clean clothing.
The 7th Division faced the Soviet 3rd Rifle Corps. The Soviet offensive resumed on 18 February with the corps' 49th and 150th Rifle Divisions tasked with breaking through the 7th Division to capture strategic roads. The two Soviet divisions were reinforced by corps commander Vladimir Grendahl who assigned the 101st Rifle Regiment, the 97th Ski Battalion and a tank battalion, as well as six additional artillery batteries. The Soviet advance enjoyed initial success in this sector.
A separate formation, also called the 7th Division fought for Finland in the Continuation War of 1941–1944.
# Artem Shut

Artem Shut (Belarusian: Арцём Шут; Russian: Артём Шут; born 18 June 1995) is a Belarusian former professional footballer.
# Shripad Hegde

Pandit Shripad Hegde (Kannada: ಶ್ರೀಪಾದ ಹೆಗಡೆ) is an Indian music composer and Hindustani classical vocalist (born 1 January 1957) from Kampli, Uttara Kannada District. He has been on the staff of All India Radio, Dharwad, since 1987.

## Early life

Hedge was born into a family with a background of Yakshagana heritage, and was attracted to music at a young age. He started training in Hindustani music in his teens, under Pandit Ganapati Bhat. In 1982, Hegde moved to Dharwad to devote himself fully to music. Pt Basavaraj Rajguru, a Kirana Gharana vocalist, mentored Hedge for a decade.

## Career

Hegde developed his style involving the nuances of both Gwalior Gharana and Kirana Gharana. Like his mentor, he is eclectic and blends aesthetic subtleties of other singing schools into his style.
Though Khyal is his forte, he is equally adept in singing light classical pieces. His recitals are regularly broadcast from AIR Dharwad. He has featured in the Sunday night concert of AIR.
Hegde has organised music concerts, including Alladiyakhan Punya Samaroh Mumbai, Karnataka Sangha Mumbai, Deenath Mangeshkar Punyatithi. Goa, Mugubai Kurdikar Punyatithi Goa, Dasara Festival Mysore, Sitar Ratna Music Festival Dharwad, Art Circle Golden Kubilee conference Hubli, Dharwad Utsav, Kundgol ustav, Purandarotsava Hampi, Hindustani Kalakar Mandali Bengaluru, Rajguru Sangeeta Pratistan Bengaluru, and Puttaraj Gavayi Jayanti Utsav.

### Composer

Hegde is also known for his compositions, such as "Shruti Sanjeevini", "Divya Sannidi", "Prema Sangama", and "Vachana Vaibhava" in light music. He also released classical CDs, Parampara and Rageshri.
He received many accolades over the course of his career, including first place at AIR national level for the composition of "Megha medini", a sangeeta rupaka, and first place at state level for the composition of "Garudamruta".

### Teacher

Hegde followed the noble tradition of teaching and is considered to be a Guru. He gave many workshops and lectures on music through Karnataka Sangeeta Nritya academy.

## Recognition

Hegde is the recipient of many honours and awards:
* Karnataka Kalashri by Karnataka Sangeeta Nritya Academy and Department of Kannada and Culture
* Aryabhata by Aryabhata cultural organisation of Bengaluru
* Ragaratna
* Chandrahasa
* Gaan Govind
* Gaana Gandharva
# Hong Soon-hak

Hong Soon-Hak (Korean: 홍순학; born 19 September 1980) is a South Korean footballer who plays as midfielder.
He has previously played for Daegu FC, Suwon Samsung Bluewings, Grazer AK, Goyang Zaicro and Persija.

## Club career statistics

    As of 9 May 2017
| Club performance | Club performance | Club performance | League | League | Cup | Cup | League Cup | League Cup | Continental | Continental | Other | Other | Total | Total |
| Season | Club | League | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| 2003 | Daegu FC | K-League | 14 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | — | — | 17 | 1 |
| 2004 | Daegu FC | K-League | 18 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 9 | 0 | — | — | — | — | 28 | 0 |
| 2005 | Daegu FC | K-League | 16 | 2 | 3 | 0 | 7 | 0 | — | — | — | — | 26 | 2 |
| Total | Total | Total | 48 | 3 | 7 | 0 | 16 | 0 | — | — | — | — | 71 | 3 |
| 2006-07 | Grazer AK | Austrian Bundesliga | 3 | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 3 | 0 |
| Total | Total | Total | 3 | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 3 | 0 |
| 2007 | Suwon Bluewings | K League Classic | 30 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 7 | 0 | — | — | — | — | 38 | 0 |
| 2008 | Suwon Bluewings | K League Classic | 34 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 5 | 0 | — | — | — | — | 40 | 2 |
| 2009 | Suwon Bluewings | K League Classic | 25 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 1 | — | — | 29 | 1 |
| 2010 | Suwon Bluewings | K League Classic | 12 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | — | — | 13 | 0 |
| 2011 | Suwon Bluewings | K League Classic | 12 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 0 | — | — | 17 | 0 |
| 2012 | Suwon Bluewings | K League Classic | 14 | 0 | 1 | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 15 | 0 |
| 2013 | Suwon Bluewings | K League Classic | 15 | 0 | 1 | 0 | — | — | 4 | 0 | — | — | 20 | 0 |
| 2014 | Suwon Bluewings | K League Classic | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 0 | 0 |
| Total | Total | Total | 142 | 2 | 4 | 0 | 12 | 0 | 14 | 1 | — | — | 172 | 3 |
| 2015 | Goyang Zaicro | K League Challenge | 12 | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 12 | 0 |
| Total | Total | Total | 12 | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 12 | 0 |
| 2016 | Persija Jakarta | ISC A | 27 | 2 | 1 | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 28 | 2 |
| Total | Total | Total | 27 | 2 | 1 | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 28 | 2 |
| 2017 | PS TNI | Liga 1 | 20 | 3 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 5 | 2 |
| Total | Total | Total | 20 | 3 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 20 | 3 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 225 | 10 | 12 | 0 | 28 | 0 | 14 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 264 | 10 |

## Honours
### Club
#### Suwon Bluewings

* K-League Classic: 2008
* Korean League Cup: 2008
* Korean FA Cup: 2009
* Pan-Pacific Championship: 2009

### Individual

* K-League Top Assistor: 2004
# H. R. Locke

Henry Robinson Locke (1867 – August 22, 1927) was an American photographer in the 19th and 20th century who photographed the Wild West.
He ran a studio in Deadwood, South Dakota. He photographed the Black Hills area, Deadwood, Crow Indians, farmers, miners, railroads, but also Calamity Jane (1885) and the Little Big Horn battlefield (1894).

## Personal life and death

Locke was born in 1867 in Pennsylvania. He died in 1927 in Sheridan, Wyoming.
# Morning and Evening

Morning and Evening (Nynorsk: Morgon og kveld) is a 2000 novella by the Norwegian writer Jon Fosse. It tells the story of a fisherman: the first part of the book is about his birth seen from the perspective of his father, and the second part is about his death, when he revisits important places and moments from his life. The book was published in English in 2015.
The book received the Melsom Prize. It was the basis for the 2015 opera Morgen und Abend with music by Georg Friedrich Haas.

## Reception
### Critical response

Ole Karlsen of Dag og Tid noted how Fosse had moved on from his early works, where he merely described problems related to gaps between language and reality, to actively trying to heal the problems he identified. Karlsen wrote about Morning and Evening: "Fosse's repetitive writing style has perhaps an even more clear Biblical intention than in his last novel – and thus the text becomes charged with meaning. Yes, Fosse is rightly a poet, he can remind of Vesaas and is thus far on Vesaas' level." Publishers Weekly wrote: "Indeed, the moments throughout the novel are simple, quotidian, yet Fosse's pared down, circuitous, and rhythmic prose skillfully guides readers through past and present. In this short, gripping novel, Fosse composes a hypnotic meditation on life and death."

### Accolades

The book received the 2001 Melsom Prize for best book written in Nynorsk. It was nominated for the Nordic Council Literature Prize and the Norwegian Critics Prize for Literature.
# Shahid Saduqi

Shahid Saduqi (Persian: شَهيد صدوقي) may refer to:
* Shahid Saduqi, Ilam
* Shahid Saduqi, Kermanshah
# Cabinet of Grover Cleveland

Cabinet of Grover Cleveland may refer to:
* First cabinet of Grover Cleveland (1885–1889)
* Second cabinet of Grover Cleveland (1893–1897)
# Provisional Municipality of Venice

The Provisional Municipality of Venice (Italian: Municipalità Provvisoria di Venezia) was a provisional republican regime set up by the First French Republic after the Fall of the Republic of Venice and the occupation of Venice itself by French troops on 16 May 1797. Its territory encompassed the parts of Veneto that had belonged to the Venetian Terraferma. The Provisional Municipality lasted for the duration of the French occupation, until the arrival of Austrian troops on 18 January 1798, in accordance with the Treaty of Campo Formio, and the annexation of the Veneto as the Venetian Province of the Habsburg empire.
# Chepkirui

Chepkirui, or Chepkurui, is a female name of Kalenjinn origin of Kenya meaning born at night. It may refer to:
* Caroline Chepkurui (born 1990), Kenyan steeplechase runner
* Eunice Chepkirui (born 1984), Kenyan-born Bahraini long-distance runner
* Joyce Chepkirui (born 1988), Kenyan middle- and long-distance runner
* Lineth Chepkurui (born 1988), Kenyan long-distance runner
* Lydiah Chepkurui (born 1984), Kenyan steeplechase runner and 2013 World Championships medallist
* Mercy Chepkurui (born 2000), Kenyan steeplechase runner
* Sheila Chepkirui (born 1990), Kenyan middle- and long-distance runner
# Bonikka

Bonikka (Sinhala: බෝනික්කා) is a 2015 Sri Lankan Sinhala drama romance film directed by Louie Vanderstraeten and produced by Janaka Liyanage for Sannama Trading. It stars Malinda Perera and Sanju Samarasinghe in lead roles along with Gayesha Perera and Wilson Karunaratne. Music composed by Sarath Wickrama. It is the 1219th Sri Lankan film in the Sinhala cinema.

## Cast

* Malinda Perera
* Sanju Samarasinghe
* Wilson Karunaratne
* Gayesha Perera as Mareena
* Shalika Edirisinghe
* Anoja Weerasinghe
* Rashmi Pushpika Sumanasekara
* Sarath Dikkumbura
* Kapila Sigera
* Sisira Kumaratunga
# Hong Sung-chil

Hong Sung-chil (Korean: 홍성칠; born October 24, 1980) is a South Korean archer who won the 1999 World Championships in Riom, France.
He is doing head coach of Iran national team now.
# Isa Astamirov

Isa Ibragimovich Astamirov (Russian: Иса Ибрагимович Астемиров; 1952 — 23 January 2000) was Minister of Economy of the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria and a brigadier general of the Chechen armed forces who took part in the First and Second Chechen Wars. Isa was of the Terloy teip.
Astamirov died at the beginning of the Second Chechen War in the Battle for Grozny.
# Nivište

Nivište (Macedonian: Нивиште, Albanian: Nivisht) is an uninhabited village in the municipality of Mavrovo and Rostuša, North Macedonia.

## Demographics

According to the 1942 Albanian census, Nivište was inhabited by 44 Muslim Albanians.
As of the 2021 census, Nivište had zero residents.
According to the 2002 census, the village had a total of 7 inhabitants. Ethnic groups in the village include:
* Albanians 7
# Kim Sik

Kim Sik (born (1985-11-17)November 17, 1985 in Jangheung-gun) is a South Korean bobsledder.
Kim competed at the 2014 Winter Olympics for South Korea. He teamed with driver Kim Dong-hyun, Kim Kyung-hyun and Oh Jea-han as the South Korea-2 sled in the four-man event, finishing 28th.
As of April 2014, his best showing at the World Championships is 17th, in the four-man event in 2012.
Kim made his World Cup debut in February 2012. As of April 2014, his best World Cup finish is 13th, in 2011-12 at Whistler.
Kim was a contestant in the 2023 Netflix reality competition Physical: 100.
# Gavlan

Gavlan or Gulan (Persian: گولان) may refer to various places in Iran:
* Gavlan, East Azerbaijan
* Gulan, Kurdistan
* Gavlan, Koreh Soni, Salmas County, West Azerbaijan Province
* Gavlan, Zulachay, Salmas County, West Azerbaijan Province
* Gulan-e Sofla, Sardasht County, West Azerbaijan Province
* Gavlan, Urmia, West Azerbaijan Province
# DloHaiti

dloHaiti, Inc. is a private company providing safe, affordable drinking water to consumers in underserved neighborhoods across Haiti. The company is building a network of wells serviced by solar-powered kiosks that are equipped with hi-tech purification systems and information technology. dloHaiti is led by a team of Haitian and Silicon Valley entrepreneurs with previous water experience in Haiti, and is supported by several prominent international investors.

## Background

Due to severe inadequacies in Haiti's municipal water system, drinking water is often treated centrally and delivered by trucks to low income neighborhoods lacking access to water. Trucked water is expensive (US 12¢ per gallon) and of uncertain quality, and delivery schedules may be unreliable. dloHaiti's approach aims to reduce costs while increasing quality and convenience by offering continuous access to purified water.

## Business

dloHaiti uses decentralized water purification and distribution through kiosks to reduce reliance on water transport by trucks. The company utilizes energy-efficient water treatment technology and renewable solar energy to power its facilities. dloHaiti's distribution model aims to provide local employment opportunities and a reliable supply of cleaner, cheaper drinking water.
In May 2013, dloHaiti launched a 40-facility pilot for a duration of 18–24 months. A post-pilot scale-up of 300 kiosks could reach 5-8% of the population of Haiti who are beyond the limits of public infrastructure.

## Socioeconomic impact

It is estimated that dloHaiti's pilot project will create over 600 jobs, 95% of which will be outside of Port-au-Prince. The scale-up phase is projected to create an additional 3,790 jobs and serve over one million beneficiaries, saving low-income Haitian consumers over $2 million annually.

## Funding

dloHaiti raised $3.4 million in Series A Funding from Leopard Capital's Leopard Haiti Fund, the International Finance Corporation's InfraVentures Fund, the Netherlands Development Finance Company (FMO), Miyamoto International, and Jim Chu, dloHaiti's CEO and Founder.

## Awards

In May 2013, dloHaiti was named a finalist in Imagine H$_2$O's annual water-tech innovation competition that recognizes the world's most promising water startups.