OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Efim Kolbintsev

Efim Grigoryevich Kolbintsev (Russian: Ефим Григорьевич Колбинцев; 18 January 1875, Orenburg Governorate — after 1917) was a peasant, a treasurer, a merchant and a deputy of the Fourth Imperial Duma from Orenburg Governorate between 1912 and 1917. December 3, 1913 he was a member of a group of 39 parliamentarians who signed the Duma legislative proposal "On the establishment of a special spiritual administration (muftiate) for the Muslims of the North Caucasus." During the February Revolution of 1917, he carried out various assignments of the Provisional Committee of the State Duma.

## Literature

* Николаев А. Б. Колбинцев Ефим Григорьевич (in Russian) // Государственная дума Российской империи: 1906—1917 / Б. Ю. Иванов, А. А. Комзолова, И. С. Ряховская. — Москва: РОССПЭН, 2008. — P. 261. — 735 p. — ISBN 978-5-8243-1031-3.
* Колбинцев (in Russian) // Члены Государственной думы (портреты и биографии): Четвертый созыв, 1912—1917 г. / сост. М. М. Боиович. — Москва: Тип. Т-ва И. Д. Сытина, 1913. — P. 210. — LXIV, 454, [2] p.
* Законодательное предположение об учреждении особого духовного управления (муфтиата) для мусульман Северного Кавказа // Ab Imperio. — 2011. — № 4. — P. 279—284. — doi:10.1353/imp.2011.0005. (in Russian)
# Benjamin Boyd (mayor)

Benjamin Boyd was the seventeenth intendent (mayor) of Charleston, South Carolina, serving one term in 1808. He was elected on July 22, 1808, to complete the term of John Dawson Jr., who had resigned. Boyd was the shortest serving mayor of Charleston; a regular election was held on September 12, 1808, at which his successor, William Rouse, was elected.
# Lac Doré Vanadium Deposit

The Lac Doré Vanadium Deposit is a vanadium deposit first discovered by the Government of Quebec at Lac Doré. The closest mining town to the site is Matagami. In 1998, its control was transferred to the Société générale de financement du Québec, and its wholly owned subsidiary SOQUEM
In 2002, McKenzie Bay International announced it had taken the first step towards development of the deposit since the completion of a feasibility study by SNC Lavalin (PR 16 April 2002). Entraco, a Montreal based environmental consulting firm, was contacted to help out with the environmental impact study and secure necessary permits to construct a mine, refinery and product manufacturing facilities at Lac Doré. Entraco was instructed to apply the same high environmental standards established in previous cases, to minimize environmental issues later on.
No action was taken until 21 August 2007 when claims covering the renowned deposit expired. Apella Resources and SOQUEM both staked their claims that day. In 2009 Apella Resources received the rights to the stake in a preliminary ruling. In December 2009 assaying found the ore to have from 0.46% to 0.64% of V$_2$O$_5$.
The Lac Dore Vanadium Deposit is one of 18 claims that Apella has in the area. Combined their area is 300 hectares.
# Charles Cochran (South Carolina politician)

Charles Burnham Cochran was the fifteenth intendant (mayor) of Charleston, South Carolina, serving one term from 1805 to 1806. He was elected on September 9, 1805. At the time, he lived at the house then-numbered 67 Meeting Street, Charleston, South Carolina. He had previously served as the federal marshal of the South Carolina District from 1795 to 1802. In 1806, he was elected treasurer of South Carolina for the lower division. Cochran died on August 21, 1833.
# Séez, Savoie

Séez (French pronunciation:; Arpitan: Sé) is a commune in the Savoie department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region in south-eastern France.
It is located In the Tarentaise valley, between the Little St Bernard Pass and the edge of the Vanoise National Park.
# Church of St. Francis and St. Bernard, Vilnius

The Church of St. Francis and St. Bernard (Lithuanian: Šv. Pranciškaus ir Šv. Bernardino bažnyčia; also known as Bernardine Church; Lithuanian: Bernardinų bažnyčia) is a Roman Catholic church in the Old Town of Vilnius, Lithuania. It is located next to St. Anne's Church. Dedicated to Saints Francis of Assisi and Bernardino of Siena, it is an important example of Gothic architecture in Lithuania.

## History

After their arrival in Vilnius, Bernardine monks built a wooden church in the second half of the 15th century, and at the end of the same century - a brick one. In the early 16th century it was reconstructed, apparently with the participation of a master from Gdansk (Danzig) Michael Enkinger. In the beginning of the 16th century the church was incorporated into the construction of Vilnius defensive wall, so there are shooting openings in its walls. Afterwards it was renewed many times, particularly after the 1655-61 war with Moscow, when the Cossacks ravaged the church killing the monks and citizens who had taken shelter there. In the times of the Soviet occupation it was closed down and handed over to the Art institute. In 1994, the brethren of St. Francis returned to the church. According to the legend, the Bernardine monks used to tell such good sermons that crowds would come to listen. That is why the church is so large.

## Architecture

Church and Monastery are some of the largest sacral buildings in Vilnius, although in the 17th and 18th centuries they acquired the Renaissance and Baroque features. Being much larger and more archaic than the St. Anne's Church, it forms and interesting and unique ensemble with the latter. Gothic pointed-arch windows and buttresses stand out on the façade. Above them rises a pediment with twin octagonal towers on the sides and a fresco depicting the Crucifix in the middle niche. A Gothic presbytery is the oldest part of the church. Eight high pillars divide the church interior into 3 naves. There are many valuable 16th-century wall paintings in Bernardine church and the oldest known artistic Lithuanian crucifix sculpture from the 15th century. The walls of the naves are decorated with Gothic polychrome frescoes, partly uncovered in 1981 - dynamic, colourful figural compositions on biblical and hagiographic themes, with occasional inscriptions in Gothic characters, floral ornaments, heraldic insignia etc. These mural paintings date from the early 16th century and are considered unique in the world: their composition and type of presentation of the subject matter belongs to Renaissance, and the stylistics - to the Gothic style. The Bernardine monastery north of the church, built simultaneously with the church, was renovated and reconstructed several times. Since its founding, a novitiate and a seminary operated at the monastery, a rich library had been accumulated, and a scriptorium operated. There artists, craftsmen and organists among the monks. The monastery was closed in 1864, and the building housed soldiers' barracks. In 1919 it was given to the art faculty of the university, later - to the Art Institute (now the Art Academy).
# Rational economic exchange

Rational economic exchange also called goods exchange economy is an economic transaction where goods or services are transferred from the provider for a return of relative value (compensation) from the receiver in a manner that advances the economic interests of both parties. Rational economic exchange is implied in voluntary economic transactions between private parties (i.e., regular commerce) where it is assumed that an economic transaction would not occur unless both parties believed they would be better off after the trade. Rational economic exchange can be implied in governmental taxation and spending where the agents of the citizen—government legislators and administrators—implement fiscal policy where tax assessment to the citizen is related, substantially, to an implied level of government service.
# William Bunce

William Bunce (April 1877 – unknown) was an English footballer who played as a full-back. Born in Swallowfield, Berkshire, he played for Rochdale Athletic, Stockport County and Manchester United.
# Arthur Seguin

Arthur Seguin (full name Arthur Edward Sheldon Seguin; 7 April 1809 – 13 December 1852) was an English operatic bass singer. He appeared in opera houses in London in the 1830s; from 1838 he lived in America, appearing in New York and touring the USA and Canada.

## Early life and career

Seguin was born in London on 7 April 1809. His father, Ralph Arthur Seguin (1781/2–1865), was for many years secretary at Her Majesty's Theatre; his mother was Sarah née Smythe. He was of Irish descent. He was educated at the Royal Academy of Music, from which he narrowly escaped dismissal for some youthful breaches of discipline in 1827. In that year he came into prominence by his singing at a students' public concert in the Hanover Square Rooms. His performance of the part of Basilio in Rossini's The Barber of Seville, at the first dramatic performance of the Royal Academy of Music on 8 December 1828, was warmly praised by the press. On 6 November 1830 he was in the academy's production of Lord Burghersh's opera Catherine, Ann Childe (who subsequently became his wife) filling the title-role. A reviewer wrote: "... in the concerted pieces... his fine sonorous bass came in with a charming effect."
Early in 1831 he sang Polyphemus in a stage representation of Handel's Acis and Galatea at the Queen's Theatre, Tottenham Street, under the management of George Macfarren. In 1832 Seguin was engaged at Drury Lane, where he appeared with Maria Malibran in Bellini's La Sonnambula, and during the two following years, and from 1835 to 1837, he sang at Covent Garden. His performance of Masetto in the revival of Mozart's Don Giovanni in February 1833 was successful, and in 1835 he was in Beethoven's Fidelio, as Rocco.
In May 1836, appearing with Maria Malibran, he created the role of Synnelet in Balfe's The Maid of Artois at Drury Lane, and in August 1838 he created the part of the baron in George Alexander Macfarren's The Devil's Opera at the English Opera House.

## America

In that year he left England for America, where he first appeared as the Count in Rooke's Amilie, or the Love Test on 15 October at the National Theatre, New York. In America he founded an operatic company, The Seguin Troupe, which toured successfully in the United States and Canada, including in the summer of 1840 a season of opera at the Theatre Royal in Montreal, Canada.
A concert given by Anna Bishop at the Tripler Hall, New York in 1850 was reviewed: "Mr Seguin sang the two great bass songs from the Creation, in pure and classical style. He has a grand voice, a true basso profondo, rich, deep, flowing.... We have but one fault to find in him — he lacks somewhat in fire...."
Seguin is said to have been elected a chief by an Indian tribe, an honour he shared with Edmund Kean. He died in New York in 1852. His was described as "one of the finest bass voices ever heard" (The Athenæum, 1853, page 115), and he was also noted as a comic actor.
# Haya Al Qassim

Haya Al Qassim (Arabic: هيا القاسم, born October 18, 1986) is a Bahraini journalist. A media studies graduate with a Bachelor of Arts from the University of Bahrain, she works for the national broadcaster, the Bahrain Radio and Television Corporation, and is nicknamed the “Butterfly of Bahraini television.” She began her media career in 2004 as the host of the youth talk show Chat with Batelco, followed in 2009 by the three-year run of the youth news show Youth Time.
From 2012 to 2014, she hosted بين يديك (“In Your Hands”), a general-interest newsmagazine. Finally, since 2014 she has hosted هذا الأسبوع (“This Week”), a news show viewed throughout the Gulf states. Her work came to the attention of the King of Bahrain, Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa, who has appeared with Al Qassim on Bahraini newspaper covers. His two sons, Their Highnesses Nasser bin Hamad Al Khalifa and Khalid bin Hamad Al Khalifa, both appeared on Youth Time to discuss their concerns and hobbies, a first in the history of the kingdom.
# Shuya (Kostroma Oblast)

The Shuya (Russian: Шуя) is a river in Kostroma Oblast in Russia, a left tributary of the Nyomda (Volga's basin). The river is 170 kilometres (110 mi) long, and its drainage basin covers 1,700 square kilometres (660 sq mi). It freezes up in November and stays icebound until April.
# Eric Garrett

Eric Garrett (10 June 1931 — Majorca, Spain, 7 May 2009) was an English operatic bass.

## Biography

Born in Skelton-in-Cleveland, Yorkshire, Garrett was a member of the roster of singers at the Royal Opera, London at Covent Garden for forty years. He joined the opera company's chorus in 1956 and was promoted to principal in 1962. He sang more than fifty roles with the Royal Opera during his lengthy career, particularly excelling in comprimario roles. His deft characterization of the Sacristan in the 1964 Franco Zeffirelli staging of Giacomo Puccini's Tosca was particularly admired. He died in Majorca, Spain at the age of 77.
# Left of Catalonia–Democratic Electoral Front

Left of Catalonia–Electoral Democratic Front (Catalan: Esquerra de Catalunya–Front Electoral Democràtic, EC–FED), often shortened as just Left of Catalonia (Catalan: Esquerra de Catalunya), was a left-wing political platform in Catalonia, formed by Republican Left of Catalonia (ERC), the Party of Labour of Catalonia (PTC) and Catalan State (EC) to contest the 1977 Spanish general election. The alliance was formed to allow the three parties to run for election, as they had not been yet legalized at the time. The alliance ran lists in all four Catalan constituencies for the Congress of Deputies, whereas for the Spanish Senate it supported the Agreement of the Catalans coalition. Its referent at the Spanish level was the Democratic Left Front (FDI).
EC–FED obtained the 143,954 votes (4.72% of the total) and 1 seat for Barcelona, and was dissolved shortly after the election.

## Composition

Party :
* Republican Left of Catalonia (ERC)
* Party of Labour of Catalonia (PTC)
* Catalan State (EC)

## Electoral performance
### Congress of Deputies

Congress of Deputies :
| Election | Catalonia | Catalonia | Catalonia | Catalonia | Catalonia |
| Election | Votes | % | # | Seats | +/– |
| 1977 | 143,954 | 4.72% | 6th | 1 / 47 | — |
# Žiarislav

Miroslav Žiarislav Švický (born in 1967), best known as Žiarislav, is a Slovak musician, writer and organiser within modern Slavic paganism. He writes and performs music inspired by Slovak folk music. He has written books about Slavic spirit and is the founder and leader of the modern pagan organisation Rodný kruh (lit. 'Native Circle').

## Early life and education

Miroslav Žiarislav Švický was born in 1967. He was trained as a geologist and lived in Bratislava and Trnava where he wrote for the newspaper Zmena and "Smena". He began to write books on spirituality and ended his journalist career to be a farmer and musician.

## Slavic paganism

Švický is active in modern Slavic paganism in Slovakia as a teacher, writer and keeper of traditions and calendars. He has adopted the name Žiarislav, which roughly means "The one who celebrates light". He is the founder and leader of the Rodný kruh (lit. 'Native Circle'), with which he hosts traditional native celebrations. The group does not have a formal organizational structure and describes itself as a "society for native natural spirituality". Since 2000, it publishes the magazine Diva. and
Žiarislav has presented his conceptions of ancient Slavic culture and Slavic natural spirituality in several books, including Návrat Slovenov (1997), Čaro štyroch živlov (1998) and Čaro prírody (1999). He rejects the idea that folklore is something that only concerns outdated lifestyles and emphasises the need for creativity when dealing with folkloric material. Common themes in his works include patriotism, environmentalism, personal health, respect for traditions, creativity, anti-consumerism and rustic aesthetics. Diva was later renamed to Rodná Cesta (Native Way). The magazine´s internet version is being published regularly on the web page Rodná cesta.
The Slovak mainstream media have been ambivalent about Žiarislav and his religious activities: he is typically portrayed as a romantic character who lives in harmony with nature. The sociologist Miroslav Tížik describes his teachings as a combination of some immutable beliefs concerning knowledge, Slavic identity and nature, and a dynamic approach to doctrine and vocabulary, which continuously change in his publications. Tížik connects Žiarislav's rhetoric to the New Age movement, to the period of the Slovak national awakening and to the Romanticism of Ľudovít Štúr. Žiarislav has inspired other modern pagan groups in Slovakia, including the Perúnov kruh and the Slovanský kruh.

## Music

Žiarislav is a songwriter, singer and multi-instrumentalist who makes his own instruments. He performs with his band Bytosti. He draws inspiration from Slovak folk music and contemporary pagan folk. His spiritual views are integrated in his music and he rejects the distinction between religious and musical activities. His music has been a major part of his spiritual outreach.
# List of Finnish records in track cycling

The following are the national records in track cycling in Finland maintained by the Cycling Union of Finland (Finnish:Suomen Pyöräilyunioni).

## Men

| Event | Record | Athlete | Date | Meet | Place |
| Flying 200 m time trial | | | | | |
| 250 m time trial (standing start) | 20.016 | Mika Simola | 3 March 2016 | World Championships | London, United Kingdom |
| Team sprint | | | | | |
| 1 km time trial | | | | | |
| 1 km time trial (sea level) | 1:04.641 | Mika Simola | 3 March 2016 | World Championships | London, United Kingdom |
| 4000m individual pursuit | | | | | |
| 4000m team pursuit | | | | | |

## Women

| Event | Record | Athlete | Date | Meet | Place |
| Flying 200 m time trial | | | | | |
| 250 m time trial (standing start) | 22.489 | Pia Pensaari | 19 October 2016 | European Championships | Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, France |
| 500 m time trial | | | | | |
| 500 m time trial (sea level) | 38.453 | Pia Pensaari | 19 October 2016 | European Championships | Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, France |
| 3000m individual pursuit | 3:39.517 | Pia Pensaari | 3 March 2018 | World Championships | Apeldoorn, Netherlands |
| 3000m team pursuit | | | | | |
# Letter of three hundred

The letter of three hundred (Russian: "Письмо трёхсот") was a 22-page memorandum signed by about 300 scientists in order to highlight the destruction of Soviet science in general and genetics in particular by the pseudoscientist Trofim Lysenko. It was sent to the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union on October 11, 1955.

## Overview

It resulted in the resignation of T. D. Lysenko from his position as president of the VASKhNIL, despite support for him from Nikita Khrushchev who had taken command after the death of Joseph Stalin. An extract of the letter was first made public in January 13, 1989 by Pravda newspaper but the authors were not made public until 2005.
The letter highlighted the shame brought to Soviet science by Lysenko and his supporters who travelled and spoke around the world providing what they claimed as food for anti-Soviet propaganda. They noted the speech of N.I. Nuzhdin in Karachi in 1954 and of I.E. Gluschenko in 1950 where ignorance of basic science was demonstrated.
The letter resulted in the resignation of Lysenko from the position of president of VASKhNIL in 1956 but through Khrushchev's influence he returned to power in 1958-59. It was after the end of Khrushchev's rule in October 1964 that Lysenko lost support. In February 1965, Lysenko was finally dismissed from the institute of genetics, and later on a commission revealed many of his unethical practices, irreparably damaging his reputation.

## Signatories

The signatories included many Soviet scientists associated with Moscow University including:
* P.S. Alexandrov
* L.A. Artsimovich
* B. L. Astaurov
* Ya.A. Birshtein
* V.G. Geptner
* M.S. Gilyarov
* V.L. Ginzburg
* I.N. Vekua
* A.G. Voronov
* G.P. Dementiev
* N.P. Dubinin
* L.A. Zenkevich
* M.V. Keldysh
* L.V. Krushinsky
* B.A. Kudryashov
* M.A. Lavrentiev
* L.D. Landau
* G.S. Landsberg
* M.A. Leontovich
* A.A. Lyapunov
* A.I. Markushevich
* K.I. Meyer
* V.V. Nemytsky
* V.V. Popov
* Ya.Ya. Roginsky
* A.D. Sakharov
* S.L. Sobolev
* V.N. Sukachev
* I.E. Tamm
* N.V. Timofeev-Ressovsky
* A.N. Tikhonov
* S.S. Turov
* A.N. Formozov
* A.I. Frumkin
* A.I. Shalnikov
* I.R. Shafarevich
* and S.V. Yablonsky.
Those who were not affiliated with the university included
* A.I. Alikhanov
* A.I. Alikhanyan
* A.N. Bakulev
* I.M. Vinogradov
* Ya.B. Zeldovich
* P.L. Kapitsa
* A.B. Migdal
* V.S. Nemchinov
* I.Ya. Pomeranchuk
* Yu.B. Khariton
* S.A. Khristianovich
* G.N. Flerov.
The draft of the letter was examined and approved by I. V. Kurchatov and A.N. Nesmeyanov who were members of the central committee who could not sign it on account of the positions they held. An accompanying note was prepared by P.A. Baranov and N.P. Dubinin. They however ensured that it went to Khrushchev who was very upset and termed the letter "outrageous."
# Kusići, Zenica

Kusići (Cyrillic: Кусићи) was formerly a hamlet (Serbo-Croatian: zaseok) of the village Jezera, Teslić, Bosnia and Herzegovina. After the collapse and dissolution of Yugoslavia and during the war in Bosnia and Herzegovina from 1992 to 1995, reportedly all its inhabitants left their homes and moved mostly to Vojvodina, Serbia. Among the reasons for this exodus was the newly established geopolitical order in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The border between the two Bosnian "entities," i.e. the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and Republika Srpska, runs through the village Jezera. Jezera's Orthodox Christian Kusići population left their homes; the area's borders have been redrawn and the village is now under the jurisdiction of the Zenica municipality, Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
# Imamzadeh Ja'far

Imamzadeh Ja'far or Emamzadeh Ja'far (Persian: امامزاده جعفر) may refer to:
* Emamzadeh Jafar, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad, a village in Iran
* Emamzadeh Jafar Rural District, in Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province, Iran
* Imamzadeh Ja'far, Borujerd, a tomb in Iran
* Imamzadeh Ja'far, Damghan, a tomb in Iran
* Imamzadeh Ja'far, Isfahan, a tomb in Iran
* Pishva, a city in Iran
# Köpürö-Bazar

Köpürö-Bazar (Kyrgyz: Көпүрө-Базар) is a village in the Talas Region of Kyrgyzstan. It is part of the Talas District. Its population was 5,610 in 2021.
# Nash Put (1913)

Nash Put (Russian:Наш путь, "Our Path") was a daily newspaper published in Moscow between September 7-25 1913. It functioned as a legal organ of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party.
Lenin had argued in the summer of 1912 that an initiative to start a legal workers’ newspaper in Moscow should have been undertaken. However, the fundraising campaign for the new publication did not start until November that year. In call titled a 'Letter from a Group of Moscow Workers' appeared in Pravda no. 176 that month. The Pravda article called for collections of fund to start the new publication. 395 workers groups made contributions to the campaign. However, the launching of the publication was stalled for some time, as the Bolshevik nucleus organizing the effort were arrested.
The first issue of Nash Put appeared on September 7. The paper became widely spread amongst Moscow workers, and had a daily edition of 17-20 000.
Lenin took an active part in the Nash Put. Among the articles by Lenin published in Nash Put were:
* The Russian Bourgeoisie and Russian Reformism
* The Role of Social Estates and Glasses in the Liberation Movement
* Class War in Dublin
* A Week after the Dublin Massacre
* Questions of Principle in Politics
* Harry Quelch
Amongst the other contributors to Nash Put were Maxim Gorky, Demyan Bedny, M. S. Olminsky, I. I. Skvortsov-Stepanov, Joseph Stalin and the Bolshevik deputies to the Fourth Duma, A. Y. Badayev, F. N. Samoilov and N. R. Shagov.
Nash Put was banned on September 25. In protest of the closure of the publication a strike was launched by workers groups in the city, calling for a lifting of the ban. The ban was, however, not lifted.

## Sources

* V. I. Lenin. Pravda’s Anniversary
* V.I. Lenin. To Maxim Gorky
* V. I. Lenin, Collected Works, 4th English Edition, Progress Publishers, Moscow, 1968