OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Cathedral of the Assumption, Gozo

The Cathedral of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary into Heaven (Maltese: Katidral ta' Santa Marija Assunta) is a Roman Catholic cathedral in the Cittadella of Victoria in Gozo, Malta. The cathedral is dedicated to the Assumption of Mary, and has been the seat of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Gozo since the formation of the diocese in 1864.

## History

The Cittadella was initially a pre-historic settlement and later a Roman temple dedicated to Juno was developed, and the remains of this temple existed until the present day as part of the cathedral. Following the Christianization of Malta and Gozo, the temple was converted into a church dedicated to the Virgin Mary. Later on, a Byzantine church was probably built on the site of the temple, until it was destroyed while Malta was under Arab rule.
Following the expulsion of the Arabs, another church was built. The earliest reference to a parish church within the Cittadella dates back to 1299, and it was enlarged over the course of the 15th and 16th centuries. The church was sacked by the Ottomans during the invasion of 1551, but was reopened by September 1554. It was damaged once again in the earthquake of 1693, and a decision was made to demolish the old building and construct a new church instead.
The nobleman Felice Axac was a major benefactor in the church's reconstruction. The foundation stone of the present church was laid down on 21 September 1697, and the building was designed by the Maltese architect Lorenzo Gafà. It was inaugurated on 14 August 1711, and was dedicated on 11 October 1716.
The church was elevated to a cathedral when it became the seat of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Gozo, on 16 September 1864.
The building is listed on the National Inventory of the Cultural Property of the Maltese Islands.

## Architecture

The cathedral is built in Baroque architecture, and its groundplan has the shape of a Latin cross. The building's façade is similar to that of the Church of the Gesù in Rome. The cathedral has a bell tower on its north-east side.
The interior of the cathedral is well-proportioned, containing pilasters raised on tall platforms. The building has an aperture for a dome, but this is roofed over with a flat ceiling containing a trompe-l'œil painting.

## Cathedral Museum

The Cathedral Museum is housed in a building with a plain façade located behind the church.
# Reza Entezari

Mohammad Reza Entezari (Persian: محمدرضا انتظاری, 31 July 1946 – 4 March 1999) was an Iranian runner. He specialized in the 400 m and 800 m distances, in which he won two silver and one bronze medals at the 1974 Asian Games. He competed in the 400 m at the 1972 Summer Olympics and in the 800 m at the 1976 Summer Olympics, but failed to reach the finals.
# Eric Simms (ornithologist)

Eric Arthur Simms, DFC (24 August 1921 – 1 March 2009) was an English ornithologist, naturalist, writer, sound recordist, broadcaster and conservationist, as well as a decorated wartime Bomber Command pilot/ bomb-aimer.
Simms was born on 24 August 1921, the youngest of three brothers, in London, where his father Levi Simms from Cheshire was head gardener at the private gardens in Ladbroke Square. His mother Amy Margaret was the daughter of Henry Coles from Oxford.
He won a scholarship to Latymer Upper School and in 1939 began to read history at Merton College, Oxford, where he also took up bird ringing and joined the University Air Squadron, and, without completing his studies, was sent for aircrew training in Canada and the United States in 1941. He was called up, joining the Royal Air Force in 1941 and by 1943 was a Leading Aircraftman, and was then commissioned as a pilot officer on probation in the Royal Air Force Volunteer Reserve on 19 March 1943, serving as a bomb aimer and second pilot in Lancaster bombers, in which he flew 27 raids over Germany. On 14 November 1944 he was awarded Distinguished Flying Cross, the citation praising his "skill and determination which have been an inspiration to the crews with which he flies" and a "complete disregard for danger in the face of the heaviest enemy defences".
After demobilisation, he worked as a teacher in Warwickshire, and served on the research committee of the West Midland Bird Club.
He then worked for the BBC, initially as a wildlife sound recordist, before making more than 7,000 radio broadcasts and hundreds of television appearances. He was a passionate believer in bringing natural history to a wider audience, and was a resident naturalist at the BBC. He is credited with starting the Countryside radio programme in 1952. The theme tune used for the programme was Rivers of the North of England by Lambert Williamson. As a guest on Desert Island Discs in 1976, one of his eight choices was a recording of a blackbird he had made near his London home. He narrated the 1972 BBC LP "A Year's Journey" (catalogue number RED135M), which was subtitled "Wildlife recordings from the BBC TV Series for schools".
Simms also appeared in Sir John Betjeman's 1973 TV documentary Metro-land, about the Metropolitan Railway line running northwest out of London. He was featured birdwatching in Gladstone Park, near to his home in Dollis Hill.
In 1980 he and his wife Thelma (who was Section Officer Thelma Jackson, WAAF, when they married) retired to South Witham, near Grantham, Lincolnshire. He died on 1 March 2009. Thelma had died in 2001. They had a daughter and a son, Amanda and David, and four granddaughters.
# Guy Mountfort

Guy Mountfort OBE (4 December 1905 – 23 April 2003) was an English advertising executive, amateur ornithologist and conservationist. He is known for writing the pioneering A Field Guide to the Birds of Britain and Europe, published in 1954.

## Biography

Born in London, Mountfort was the writer of the 1954 A Field Guide to the Birds of Britain and Europe, with illustrations by Roger Tory Peterson and distribution maps by Philip Hollom. The book was the first to provide a portable, accurate, illustrated guide to essentially all birds likely to be seen in Britain, and its design influenced all subsequent field guides.
In 1961, he created the World Wide Fund for Nature (back then the World Wildlife Fund) with Victor Stolan, Sir Julian Huxley, Sir Peter Scott and Max Nicholson. In 1956, he led an expedition to the Coto Donana with the resulting Book Portrait of a Wilderness illustrated by Eric Hosking. In 1963, he led a party of naturalists and including Huxley, George Shannon James Ferguson-Lees and D. Ian M. Wallace which made the first ornithological expedition to Azraq in Jordan. The expedition's recommendations eventually led to the creation of the Azraq Wetland Reserve and other protected areas. Papers from the expedition are in the United Kingdom's National Archives. He was appointed an OBE in 1970, for services to ornithology. In 1972, he led the campaign to save the Bengal tiger, persuading Indira Gandhi to create nine tiger reserves in India, with eight others in Nepal and Bangladesh.
# 1983 Asian Badminton Championships – Men's team

The men's team tournament at the 1983 Asian Badminton Championships, also known as the Tunku Abdul Rahman Cup (Malay: Piala Tunku Abdul Rahman) took place from 1 to 5 December 1983 at the Netaji Indoor Stadium in Calcutta, India. A total of 13 teams competed in this event. Japan received a walkover from Bangladesh after the team failed to arrive at the venue in time.

## Results
### Bracket

| Round of 16 | Round of 16 | Quarter-finals | Quarter-finals | Semi-finals | Semi-finals | Final | Final | Final |
| | | China | 3 | | | | | |
| Malaysia | 3 | Malaysia | 2 | | | | | |
| Hong Kong | 2 | | | China | 4 | | | |
| Japan | w/o | | | Japan | 1 | | | |
| Bangladesh | | Japan | 4 | | | | | |
| Sri Lanka | 0 | Pakistan | 1 | | | | | |
| Pakistan | 5 | | | | | | China | 3 |
| India | 3 | | | | | | India | 2 |
| Nepal | 2 | India | 3 | | |
| South Korea | 3 | South Korea | 2 | | |
| Thailand | 2 | | | India | 3 | Third place | Third place | Third place |
| | | | | Indonesia | 2 |
| | | Brunei | 0 | | | | Japan | 2 |
| | | Indonesia | 5 | | | | Indonesia | 3 |
# Igor Zakharkin

Igor Vladimirovich Zakharkin (Russian: Игорь Владимирович Захаркин; born March 16, 1958, Bryansk, RSFSR, USSR) is a former head coach of Russian national hockey team. Honored coach of Russia. Head of the Department of ice hockey Russian State University of Physical Education, Sport, Youth and Tourism.
In the early 2000s he was a gymnastics teacher in Säter, Sweden.
June 30, 2009 awarded Order of Honour for his great contribution to the victory of the national team of Russia on hockey at the world championships in 2008 and 2009.
# Najjar, Iran

Najjar (Persian: نجار) may refer to:
* Najjar, Kermanshah, in Howli Rural District, Kermanshah Province
* Najjar, Gilan-e Gharb, in Direh Rural District, Kermanshah Province
* Najjar, Mazandaran, Gatab-e Shomali Rural District, Mazandaran Province
* Najjar, West Azerbaijan, Keshavarz Rural District, West Azerbaijan Province
* Najjar Kola, Babol, also known as Najjār
* Najjar Kola, Amol, also known as Najjār
* Najjar Kola, Chalus, also known as Najjār
# Donbi

Donbi (Persian: دنبی, also Romanized as Donbī; also known as Dowmbī and Dumbi) is a village in Borkhar-e Sharqi Rural District, Habibabad District, Borkhar County, Isfahan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 114, in 32 families.
# Alexander Charles Stephen

Dr Alexander Charles Stephen FRSE PRPSE (17 December 1893 – 3 June 1966) was a 20th-century Scottish zoologist.

## Life

He was born on 17 December 1893 in Garvock manse, near Laurencekirk in Aberdeenshire the son of Rev William Stephen. He was educated at the Edinburgh Institution and Robert Gordon's College. His studies of Chemistry and Zoology at Aberdeen University were interrupted by the First World War during which he served with the Special Brigade of the Royal Engineers and was gassed during the First Battle of the Somme in 1916. He served further at Ypres before being called back to Britain in 1917 to apply his knowledge working in the Chemical Warfare Research Department in London.
Resuming his studies at Aberdeen after the war he graduated BSc in 1919. He served on the staff of the Fishery Board for Scotland 1920 to 1925 before gaining a position as Assistant Curator at the Royal Scottish Museum in Edinburgh, being promoted to Keeper of the Museum in 1935. He spent the rest of his working life in this role.
In 1929 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. His proposers were James Ritchie, Sir John Arthur Thomson, Percy Hall Grimshaw, and James Hartley Ashworth. He was also President of the Royal Physical Society of Edinburgh and President of the Astronomical Society of Edinburgh.
He retired in 1958 and died at home, 17 Cammo Crescent in north-west Edinburgh, on 3 June 1966.

## Family

In 1936 he married Ann Borthwick.

## Publications

* Phyla, Sipincula and Echiura (1972)
# Donald Watson (artist)

Donald Watson (28 June 1918 – 7 November 2005) was a Scottish ornithologist and a wildlife artist.

## Early years

Watson was born at Cranleigh, Surrey. He drew birds as a child and was encouraged in this by the wildlife artist Archibald Thorburn. The family relocated to Edinburgh, and Donald attended Edinburgh Academy. There he met a former pupil, George Waterston, Director of the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds in Scotland, and President of the Midlothian Ornithologists' Club, which became the Scottish Ornithologists' Club in 1936. Together with his elder brother, Eric (1914-1999), they were among the first members of the newly founded Scottish Ornithologists' Club in 1933, and helped to set up a bird observatory on the Isle of May in the Firth of Forth.
After attending Oxford University and then undergoing war service in India, he was further encouraged by two ornithologists at Tynron, Dumfriesshire, the Rev. J.M. McWilliam, and Sir Arthur Duncan, Chairman of the Nature Conservancy.

## Career

Donald Watson specialised in painting birds in their natural environment. He had his first one-man exhibition in Edinburgh in 1949, followed by London, Glasgow, Oxford, Dumfries as well as Toronto and Luxembourg. He illustrated over 30 books, including the Oxford Book of British Birds. He became a founder member of the Society of Wildlife Artists, and President of the Scottish Ornithologists' Club. He also was a local bird recorder for Galloway.
He was not only a painter, but also a gifted author. His first book, written and illustrated by him, was "Birds of Moor and Mountain" (1972), followed by "The Hen Harrier" (1977), "A Bird Artist in Scotland" (1988), and "One Pair of Eyes" (1994).
He and his wife, Joan, settled in St. John's Town of Dalry in a house called Barone.
He died in Dumfries. He and his wife are buried in Dalry Kirkyard. The Donald Watson Gallery, an exhibition space for wildlife artists at Waterston House in Aberlady, East Lothian is named after him.
# Henry Charles Williamson

Dr Henry Charles Williamson FRSE FRCVS (1871–1949) was a Scottish zoologist who pioneered marine biology.
In authorship he usually appears as H. C. Williamson.

## Life

He was born in Dundee in 1871, the son of Rev Henry Williamson of the Unitarian Church. He was educated at the High School of Dundee, then studied chemistry under William Carmichael McIntosh at the University of St Andrews, graduating BSc in 1893. In 1895 he began working for the Fishery Board for Scotland.
He was granted a doctorate (DSc) in 1902.
His research included attempts to introduce herring to the seas around Australia and New Zealand.
In 1908 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. His proposers were William Carmichael McIntosh, Sir John Arthur Thomson, Peter Redford Scott Lang and Daniel John Cunningham.
It is thought he continued to live with his father well into adulthood, living at 13 Coupar Street in the Lochee district of Dundee.
In 1925, after 30 years at the Fishery Board, he left Scotland to work at the Pacific Biological Station at Nanaimo in British Columbia on the western coast of Canada. His main interest here was salmon migration. He returned to Scotland in 1930.
He died in Dundee on 8 December 1949. He was unmarried and had no children.
# Domenico Gagini

Domenico Gagini (c. 1425 or 1430 in Bissone – 29 or 30 September 1492 in Palermo) was a Swiss-Italian sculptor who was active in Northern as well as Southern Italy.

## Life

He was the son of Pietro Gagini. The Gagini were a family of sculptors and painters working during the Middle Ages and Renaissance. First recorded in Genoa in the early 15th century, was Domenico's grandfather Beltrame Gagini, and his three sons Pietro, Giovanni and Pace.
Domenico Gagini was the first sculptor of this family to achieve international fame. Born at Bissone, in the Ticino (now part of Switzerland) he studied in Florence under Brunelleschi. Returning to Genoa in 1447 he worked on the sculpture of the dome of the church of S. Giovanni Battista. In 1457 he was recorded as working in Naples for Alfonso of Aragon. In 1463 he arrived in Palermo, Sicily where he, and later his family including Giovanni Gagini [it] and Antonello, influenced the decorative architecture of the island, in works of both decorative and figure sculpture.
One of Domenico Gagini's most notable works is the decoration of the choir in Palermo Cathedral, which consists of a combination of life-size figures within relief panels, plus a large number of small free-standing figures.
Gagini died in Palermo in 1492.
# Alastair Graham

Alastair Graham, FRS (6 November 1906 – 12 December 2000) was a Scottish zoologist and academic who specialised in malacology.

## Biography

He was born in Costorphine, Edinburgh, and schooled at the Royal High School, Edinburgh, leaving in 1924 as Dux of School. He studied at the University of Edinburgh, graduating with an MA in 1927, he continued then transferred to study zoology graduating with a BSc in 1929. After a short period of research at the university, he was appointed a lecturer at the University of Sheffield where he developed his lifelong interest in prosobranch gastropods. After four years in Sheffield he was appointed to a Readership at Birkbeck College, London, becoming Head of Department in 1943 and Professor in 1947.
In 1952 he accepted the Chair of Zoology at the University of Reading, where he co-authored a classic monograph, British prosobranch molluscs, with Dr Vera Fretter, which was published in 1962. He became Dean of the Faculty and Deputy Vice-Chancellor, the latter for two terms, before his retirement in 1972.
He served as president of the Malacological Society of London from 1954 to 1957, and as Editor of their Proceedings from 1969 to 1985.

## Honours and awards

Graham was awarded a DSc (London) in 1944, the Keith Medal of the Royal Society of Edinburgh in 1951, the Gold Medal of the Linnean Society of London in 1968, and the Frink Medal of the Zoological Society of London in 1975. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1979.

## Family life

He had married twice; firstly Gwynneth Hayes, with whom he has two sons and secondly, after her death, Elizabeth Andrews. He died in Berkshire in 2000.
# E. S. Russell

Edward Stuart Russell OBE FLS (25 March 1887 – 24 August 1954) was a Scottish biologist and philosopher of biology.
Russell was born near Glasgow. He studied at Greenock Academy and later at Glasgow University under Sir Graham Kerr and worked with J. Arthur Thompson after he graduated. He was influenced by his friend Patrick Geddes and in his zoological studies, sought to find holistic principles. He also believed in Lamarckian heritability. He was involved in fishery research, working on research vessels and publishing on the biology of cephalopods and quantitative methods for gathering fishery data. He also worked as Scottish Fisheries expert, Inspector of Fisheries and as an advisor to HM Government. He was the first editor of the Journal du Conceil (now ICES Journal of Marine Science). He was an honorary lecturer on animal behaviour at the University College, London for about fifteen years. He was elected President of the Zoology section of the British Association in 1934. From 1940—42, he served as the President of the Linnean Society. He died at Hastings, East Sussex, from heart failure at the age of 67.
Russell favored holism and organicism. He was a critic of the modern synthesis and presented his own evolutionary theory uniting developmental biology with heredity but opposing Mendelian inheritance. He was influenced by Karl Ernst von Baer and Johann Wolfgang von Goethe. He saw teleology as inherent in the organism.

## Books

* Form and Function: A Contribution to the History of Animal Morphology (1916)
* The Study of Living Things: Prolegomena to a Functional Biology (1924)
* The Interpretation of Development and Heredity: A Study in Biological Method (1930)
* The Behavior of Animals (1934)
* The Directiveness of Organic Activities (1945)
* The Diversity of Animals: An Evolutionary Study (1962)
# Usnisavijaya

Uṣṇīṣavijayā ("Victorious Crown Goddess" and "Victorious One with Ushnisha"; Tibetan: གཙུག་གཏོར་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་མ།, Wylie: gtsug tor rnam rgyal ma, THL: Tsuktor Namgyelma; Mongolian: Бизьяа, Намжилмаа, Жүгдэрнамжилмаа, "Crested Ultimate Tara"; Chinese: 佛頂尊勝佛母) is a Buddha of longevity and rebirths in Buddhism. She wears an image of Vairocana in her headdress. With Amitayus and White Tara, she constitutes one of the three Buddhas of Long Life. She is one of the more well-known Buddhist divinities in Nepal, Tibet, and Mongolia.
Since 1571, Namgyälma has been the namesake for Namgyal Monastery, the personal monastery of all the Dalai Lamas since its establishment by the Third Dalai Lama, Gyalwa Sonam Gyatso. Namgyälma is a female yidam, or meditational deity, and a long-life deity of the Kriya Tantra class in Tibetan Buddhism. She is typically depicted with a white frontal face, a yellow face on the right, and a blue face on the left. She is seated in a lotus posture, and has eight arms holding various symbolic ritual items in each of her hands.

## Uṣṇīṣa Vijaya Dhāraṇī Sūtra

The Uṣṇīṣa Vijaya Dhāraṇī Sūtra is the Mantra of Usnisavijaya, a very important Dharani in Chinese Buddhism such that a Chinese Emperor (唐代宗 776 AD) and a Japanese Emperor (清和天皇 860 AD) had both enforced all Buddhist monasteries within their countries to facilitate its practice, after it had been believed to have brought rain to end two events of droughts in history.

## Mantra

In addition to the long dhāraṇī, there is the much shorter Uṣṇīṣa Vijaya heart-mantra: This mantra is used in Shingon Buddhism.
* oṃ amṛta-tejavati svāhā
* alternate: oṁ amṛta tejovati svāhā
# Sharifiyeh

Sharifiyeh (Persian: شريفيه) may refer to:
* Sharifiyeh, Khuzestan
* Sharifiyeh, Qazvin
* Sharifiyeh, Semnan
# Central District (Gerash County)

The Central District of Gerash County (Persian: بخش مرکزی شهرستان گراش) is in Fars province, Iran. Its capital is the city of Gerash.

## History

In 2008, Beyram, Evaz, and Gerash Districts were separated from Larestan County in the establishment of Gerash County, which was divided into three districts of two rural districts each, with Gerash as its capital. However, Beyram and Evaz Districts were returned to Larestan County six months later. At the same time, Khalili Rural District was created in the Central District, and Arad Rural District was separated from it in the formation of Arad District.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2011 National Census, the district's population was 39,919 people in 10,865 households. The 2016 census measured the population of the district as 46,878 inhabitants in 13,136 households.

### Administrative divisions

Central District (Gerash County) Population :
| Administrative Divisions | 2011 | 2016 |
| Fedagh RD | 5,944 | 8,689 |
| Khalili RD | 3,382 | 3,720 |
| Gerash (city) | 30,593 | 34,469 |
| Total | 39,919 | 46,878 |
| RD = Rural District |||
# Josef von Löschner

Josef Wilhelm Freiherr von Löschner (Czech: Josef Vilém z Löschneru; 7 May 1809 – 19 April 1888) was an Austrian physician.

## Biography

Josef von Löschner was born on 7 May 1809 in Kadaň, Bohemia, Austrian Empire. He studied at Gymnasium Kadaň.
In 1834 he received his medical doctorate at Prague, and several years later he obtained his habilitation for balneology (1841). Later on, he became a professor at the University of Prague, where in 1862–1863 he served as university rector. In 1862 he was appointed Landesmedizinalrat, and in 1865 became Hofrat (councilor) and a personal physician to Franz Joseph I of Austria. A foundation arranged by Löschner resulted in the creation of the Franz Joseph Kinderhospital in Prague.
Löschner is remembered for his work in the field of balneology. He advocated the curative properties of health spas, and wrote numerous articles promoting the spas of Bohemia. These publications were instrumental in making Bohemian spas a popular tourist destination, particularly the resorts at Karlovy Vary and Bílina, which were regularly visited by members of European royalty.

## Written works

* Der Gießhübler Sauerbrunn, 1846 – Kyselka.
* Die Versendung der Karlsbader Mineralquellen, 1847 – The dispatch of the Karlovy Vary mineral springs.
* Das Saidschitzer Bitterwasser, 1853 – Bitter waters of Zaječice.
* Der Sauerbrunnen zu Bilin, 1859 – Bílinská kyselka healing mineral water Bílina.
* Johannisbad im böhmischen Riesengebirge, 1859 – Janské Lázně in the Giant Mountains.
* Beiträge zu Balneologie aus den Kurorten Böhmens, 1862 – Contributions to balneology from the health resorts in Bohemia.
* Balneologische Skizze von Tetschen-Bodenbach, 1862 – Balneological sketch of Děčín.
* Die Eisenwässer von Königswart, 1865 – The ice-cold waters of Lázně Kynžvart).
* Teplitz und die benachbarten Kurorte, 1867 – Teplice and neighbouring health resorts.