OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Mara Margaret Helmuth

Margaret Mara Helmuth (born 1957) is an American composer. She studied at the University of Illinois Urbana–Champaign, and then continued her studies at Columbia University, graduating with a doctorate in music.
After completing her education, Helmuth took a position teaching at the University of Cincinnati and became director of the university's Center for Computer Music. She has published professional articles in Audible Traces, Analytical Methods of Electroacoustic Music, the Journal of New Music Research and Perspectives of New Music. She was a co-editor of the Society for Electro-Acoustic Music in the United States' newsletter along with Sylvia Pengilly and Sally Johnston Reid from 1995 to 1996.

## Works

Helmuth is known for electronic music. She composes for fixed format and also creates interactive installations. Selected works include:
* Mellipse (1989, 1995)
* Abandoned Lake in Maine (1997)
* Bugs and Ice: A Question of Focus (2002)
* Where Is My Voice, for fixed format audio
* Hidden Mountain (2007)
* Staircase of Light (2003)
* Hidden Mountain 2, interactive multimedia and wireless-sensor-based installation
Her work has been recorded and issued on CD, including:
* Sound Collaborations, v. 36 of the Consortium to Distribute Computer Music Series, Centaur Records
* Implements of Actuation collaborations with percussionist-composer Allen Otte, Electronic Music Foundation
* Open Space CD 16 music for tape
# Marvin David Levy

Marvin David Levy (August 2, 1932 – February 9, 2015) was an American composer, best known for his opera Mourning Becomes Electra.
Mourning Becomes Electra was given its world premiere at the Metropolitan Opera in 1967. Although deemed a failure at the time, the work was revived in 1998 in a revised version by the composer to a triumphant success at the Lyric Opera of Chicago. The New York City Opera and the Seattle Opera staged the work in 2003, and the Florida Grand Opera staged the opera in 2013.
A disc featuring Canto de los Marranos (Song of the Marranos) and excerpts from Shir Shel Moshe (Song of Moses) was issued as part of the Milken Archive of American Jewish Music by Naxos in 2004.
The Passaic, New Jersey-born Levy died in Fort Lauderdale, Florida on February 9, 2015, aged 82.
# Whitemargin stargazer

Whitemargin stargazer (Uranoscopus sulphureus) is a ray-finned fish of the family Uranoscopidae, widespread in the Indopacific: Red Sea, Indonesia, Fiji, Samoa, and Tonga. Marine reef-associated fish, up to 45.0 cm maximal length.

## Sources

* ↑ Uranoscopus sulphureus at FishBase
* This class Actinopterygii (ray-finned fish) related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Merton Brown

Merton Brown (May 5, 1913, Berlin, Vermont – February 20, 2001, Charlestown, Massachusetts) was an American composer who studied with Wallingford Riegger and Carl Ruggles. He often collaborated with choreographers including former Martha Graham dancer Matti Haim, José Limón, and Thomas Hewitt.
Virgil Thomson describes him as a "neo-contrapuntalist" influenced by Carl Ruggles and involved with "rounded [melodic] material", but not so much with the "personalized sentiment" involved in neoromanticism.

## Works

* Cantabile for string orchestra
* Concerto Breve for string orchestra
* Concerto Grosso for band
* Consort for Four Voices for string quartet or two pianos
* Movement for string quartet
* String Trio for violin, viola, and cello
* Chorale to Olin Stephens for string quintet or string orchestra
* Three Motets for string quartet
* Trio for flute, violin, and cello
* Arioso for piano
* Sonata in One Movement for piano
* Piano Sonata
* Toccata for piano
* Three Etudes for piano
* Three Songs (Rilke) for voice and string trio
* Two Songs for voice and piano
* Cat Duets (written for David Edgar Walther)
* Poems of James Joyce

## Sources

* ↑ "Collaboration with Merton Brown / Brief Biography of Merton Brown". thomashewittdance.org. 2006. Archived from the original on December 15, 2009.
* ↑ Thomson, Virgil. 2002. Virgil Thomson: A Reader: Selected Writings, 1924–1984, edited by Richard Kostelanetz, p. 268. New York: Routledge. ISBN 0-415-93795-7.
* Biography
* Classical music
* This article about an American composer born in the 20th century is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# 1983 Labour Party deputy leadership election

A deputy leadership election for the Labour Party in the United Kingdom took place on 2 October 1983 to replace incumbent Deputy Leader Denis Healey. Healey had served in the position since 1980, becoming deputy leader at the same time that Michael Foot became party leader. Foot and Healey had both announced their resignations following the general election on 9 June 1983, in which a disastrous performance left the Labour Party with just 209 seats in parliament.
The election was conducted using the Labour party's electoral college. It was won by Roy Hattersley, who won more than two-thirds of the votes. On the same day, Neil Kinnock won the leadership election. A young Peter Mandelson was employed in Hattersley's campaign team for the deputy leadership contest.
The election took place at Labour Party conference, with affiliated trade unions holding 40% of the votes, delegates from Constituency Labour Parties holding 30% of the votes, and the Parliamentary Labour Party holding the final 30% of the votes.

## Candidates

* Denzil Davies, Shadow Secretary of State for Wales, Member of Parliament for Llanelli
* Gwyneth Dunwoody, Shadow Secretary of State for Health, Member of Parliament for Crewe and Nantwich
* Roy Hattersley, Shadow Home Secretary, Member of Parliament for Birmingham Sparkbrook
* Michael Meacher, former Under-Secretary of State for Trade, Member of Parliament for Oldham West

## Result

| Candidate | Candidate | Affiliated block votes (40%) | Affiliated block votes (40%) | CLP block votes (30%) | CLP block votes (30%) | PLP votes (30%) | PLP votes (30%) | Overall result |
| Candidate | Candidate | Votes | % | Votes | % | Votes | % | % |
| | Roy Hattersley Y | 5,349 | 88.2 | 318 | 51.0 | 112 | 55.7 | 67.3 |
| | Michael Meacher | 718 | 11.8 | 298 | 47.8 | 59 | 29.4 | 27.9 |
| | Denzil Davies | 0 | 0.0 | 5 | 0.8 | 22 | 10.9 | 3.5 |
| | Gwyneth Dunwoody | 0 | 0.0 | 2 | 0.3 | 8 | 4.0 | 1.3 |
# Criegee intermediate

A Criegee intermediate (also called a Criegee zwitterion or Criegee biradical) is a carbonyl oxide with two charge centers. These chemicals may react with sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides in the Earth's atmosphere, and are implicated in the formation of aerosols, which are an important factor in controlling global climate. Criegee intermediates are also an important source of OH (hydroxyl radicals). OH radicals are the most important oxidant in the troposphere, and are important in controlling air quality and pollution.
The formation of this sort of structure was first postulated in the 1950s by Rudolf Criegee, for whom it is named. It was not until 2012 that direct detection of such chemicals was reported. Infrared spectroscopy suggests the electronic structure has a substantially zwitterionic character rather than the biradical character that had previously been proposed.

## Formation

Criegee intermediates are formed by the gas-phase reactions of alkenes and ozone in the Earth's atmosphere. Ozone adds across the carbon–carbon double bond of the alkene to form a molozonide, which then decomposes to produce a carbonyl (RR'CO) and a carbonyl oxide. The latter is known as the Criegee intermediate.
The alkene ozonolysis reaction is extremely exothermic, releasing about 50 kilocalories per mole (210 kJ/mol) of excess energy. Therefore, the Criegee intermediates are formed with a large amount of internal energy.

## Removal

When Criegee intermediates are formed, some portion of them will undergo prompt unimolecular decay, producing OH radicals and other products. However, they may instead become stabilized by interactions with other molecules or react with other chemicals to give different products.
Criegee intermediates may be collisionally stabilized via collisions with other molecules in the atmosphere. These stabilized Criegee intermediates may then undergo thermal unimolecular decay to OH radicals and other products, or may undergo bimolecular reactions with other atmospheric species.
In the ozonolysis reaction sequence, the Criegee intermediate reacts with another carbonyl compound (generally the aldehyde or ketone byproduct of the Criegee-intermediate formation reaction itself) to form an ozonide (1,2,4-trioxolane).
# Four Immortals

The Four Immortals (Vietnamese: Tứ bất tử, chữ Hán: 四不死) refers to the four chief figures in the pantheon of genii worshiped by the Vietnamese people of the Red River Delta region in legend and mythology. They are Tản Viên Sơn Thánh (chữ Hán: 傘圓山聖), also known as Sơn Tinh (山精) the god of Tản Viên Mountain, Phù Đổng Thiên Vương (扶董天王, also known as Thánh Gióng, Ông Dóng) a giant who defeated northern invaders, Chử Đồng Tử (褚童子) a sage, and Princess Liễu Hạnh (柳杏公主), a heavenly spirit and Mother Goddess.
Full development of the mythology and honouring of the Four Immortals took place in the Lê dynasty. Each of the four immortals has association with helping historical national figures. For example, Thánh Gióng in legend helped the sixth Hùng King to repulse foreign invaders.
# Shandar, Iran

Shandar (Persian: شندر) in Iran may refer to:
* Shandar, Gilan
* Shandar, West Azerbaijan
# Alexander Petræus

Alexander Larsø Petræus (born 29 June 2002) is a Danish footballer who plays as a winger for Danish 2nd Division side Fremad Amager.

## Career
### Club career

Petræus started his football career in Brøndby IF. In the winter of 2018, Petræus switched to Lyngby Boldklub, where he started at the club's youth academy. In the summer of 2019, he suffered a career-threatening head injury that kept him out for 12 months. Petræus bounced back and it wasn't long before he started training with the first team.
On 18 April 2021, Petræus made his official debut for Lyngby in a Danish Superliga match against AC Horsens, where he replaced Victor Torp in injury time. Petræus left Lyngby in the summer of 2022 after playing 5 games for the first team.
In July 2022, Petræus moved to the United States to study at Southern Methodist University and played college football for the SMU Mustangs. In January 2024, Petræus returned to Denmark, signing with Danish 2nd Division side Fremad Amager.
# Madla (village)

Madla (Kannada: ಮಾಡಲ) or Madla Ooru is a small village in Dudda hobli, Mandya district, in Karnataka state in India. The village is 13 kilometres (8 mi) from the district centre. The village is in the Mandya Melokte Highway. The village has a population of 1200, mostly of the Kumbara or Kulal community. Most of the people depend upon agriculture. There are two famous temples: Sri Kollapuradamma temple near Dodda kaluve and Sri Huchchappa temple in the Shivalli road.
# Kim Jeong-hyeon

Kim Jeong-hyeon, also spelled Kim Jung-hyun, (Korean: 김정현) is a Korean name consisting of the family name Kim and the given name Jeong-hyeon, also spelled Jung-hyun.
People with the name:
* Kim Jung-hyun (actor, born 1976), South Korean actor
* Kim Jeong-hyun (footballer, born 1988), South Korean footballer
* Kim Jung-hyun (footballer, born 1990), South Korean footballer
* Kim Jeong-hyun (footballer, born 1993), South Korean footballer
* Kim Jung-hyun (actor, born 1990), South Korean actor
# Rafael Khisamov

Rafael Radikovich Khisamov (Russian: Рафаэль Радикович Хисамов; born 19 August 1987) is a former Russian professional football player.

## Club career

He played two seasons in the Russian Football National League for FC KAMAZ Naberezhnye Chelny.
# Cầu Diễn station

Cầu Diễn Station (Vietnamese: Ga Cầu Diễn) is a metro station in Hanoi, located in Nam Từ Liêm, Hanoi.

## Station layout
### Line 3

| 2F Platform |
| Side platform, doors will open on the right |
| Platform 2 | ← T3 Line 3 to Phú Diễn (for Nhổn) |
| Platform 1 | → T3 Line 3 to Lê Đức Thọ (for Hà Nội) → |
| Side platform, doors will open on the right |
| 1F Concourse | 1st Floor | Ticket sales area, commercial area, technical area, platform entrances and ticket gate |
| G | Ground Floor | Entrances |
# Mohamud Moalin Yahya

Mohamud Moalin Yahya is a Somali politician. He is the State Minister of Interior and Federalism of Somalia, having been appointed to the position on 17 January 2014 by Prime Minister Abdiweli Sheikh Ahmed.
# Trescowe

Trescowe (Cornish: Treskaw) is a hamlet north of Germoe, in the civil parish of Breage, in Cornwall, England, United Kingdom.
The name Trescowe is an anglicisation of the Cornish language Treskaw, which contains the words tre, meaning 'farm' or 'settlement', and skaw, meaning 'elder trees'.
# Sathya (Tamil actor)

Shahir Ceetheragath, better known as Sathya, is an Indian actor, who has worked in Tamil language films. The brother of actor Arya, he first began filming for Kadhal 2 Kalyanam in 2008, though the film remains unreleased. After debuting in Puthagam (2013), he made a breakthrough in Jeeva Shankar's romantic drama film Amara Kaaviyam (2014).

## Career

Both Arya and Sathya went through many scripts before selecting the script of Kadhal 2 Kalyanam for the latter to make his acting début, in which Sathya would be playing the role of a radio jockey. Sathya, after being assigned for the role, had visited Bollywood actor Anupam Kher's acting school in Mumbai to "hone his acting skills", before starting to shoot, besides sitting with and observing professional radio jockeys at a radio station. The film, co-starring Divya Spandana began production in October 2008, but has languished in production hell, prompting Puthagam to become his first release. The film, directed by Vijay Adiraj, opened in January 2013 to mixed reviews with a critic noting Sathya "tries to imitate his more famous brother Arya and needs improvement in all departments". After a lukewarm response to his debut, Arya chose to produce Sathya's next film, Jeeva Shankar's romantic drama film Amara Kaaviyam (2014). Sathya played a school boy named Jeeva, a character that required him to shed more than 10 kg, and featured in the film based on a real event. The film garnered positive reviews from screenings prior to release and had a successful soundtrack composed by Mohamaad Ghibran, prompting a wide release in September 2014. Sathya earned mixed reviews for his work in the film with a critic from The Hindu noting "he grows into the role", while another reviewer noted "he is convincing when he has to be a brooding young man " In 2015, the actor was first seen in K. S. Thangasamy's film Ettuthikkum Madhayaanai, which began production in July 2013.

## Personal life

Sathya married his girlfriend Bhavana in June 2018.

## Filmography

| Year | Film | Role |
| 2013 | Puthagam | Mohan |
| 2014 | Amara Kaaviyam | Jeeva |
| 2015 | Ettuthikkum Madhayaanai | Natesan (Natty) |
# University of Edinburgh School of Literatures, Languages and Cultures

The University of Edinburgh School of Literatures, Languages and Cultures is a school within the College of Humanities and Social Science at the University of Edinburgh. The School was formed in 2002 as a result of administrative restructuring, when several departments of what was then the Faculty of Arts were brought together.
The School currently covers seven major subject areas:
* Asian Studies (Chinese, Japanese and Sanskrit)
* Celtic and Scottish Studies (Scottish Gaelic: Ceiltis agus Eòlas na h-Alba)
* English Literature
* European Languages and Cultures (French, German, Hispanic Studies, Italian, Russian and Scandinavian Studies)
* Film studies
* Islamic studies and Middle Eastern Studies
* Theatre Studies
Translation Studies Founded in 1762 when King George III appointed the Reverend Hugh Blair as the first Regius Professor of Rhetoric and Belles-Lettres, the English Literature department is the oldest centre for the study of Literature in the UK, and one of the oldest in the world.
The college also includes a sizeable Graduate School which includes Masters and PhDs in Film Studies, Theatre Studies, Translation Studies, Cultural Studies and other subjects. The School also supports interdisciplinary research areas such as Word and Music Studies.
# Central District (Zarqan County)

The Central District of Zarqan County (Persian: بخش مرکزی شهرستان زرقان) is in Fars province, Iran. Its capital is the city of Zarqan, whose population at the time of the 2016 National Census was 32,261 in 9,591 households.

## History

In 2018, Zarqan District was separated from Shiraz County in the establishment of Zarqan County, which was divided into two districts of two rural districts each, with Zarqan as its capital.

## Demographics
### Administrative divisions

Central District (Zarqan County) :
* Administrative Divisions
* Band-e Amir RD
* Zarqan RD
* Lapui (city)
* Zarqan (city)
* RD = Rural District
# Alan Newton (surgeon)

Sir Hibbert Alan Stephen Newton MB MS FRCS (30 April 1887 – 4 August 1949), generally known as (Sir) Alan Newton was a noted Australian surgeon.

## History

Newton was born in Malvern, Victoria, a son of Hibbert Henry Newton (1861–1927) and Clara Violet Newton, née Stephen (1863–1935), and grandson of Hibbert Newton, MP.
He was educated at Haileybury College in Brighton, Victoria, and studied medicine at the University of Melbourne, qualifying in 1909, taking first class honors throughout his course and taking top honours in his final year. He was resident medical officer at the Melbourne Hospital in 1910 and honorary surgeon to the outpatients department from 1913 to 1917. He served in the RAAMC with the First AIF during the Great War, then continued his studies in London, and was admitted as a Master of Surgery and a Fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons. He was a clinical lecturer in surgery from 1927 and honorary consulting surgeon at the Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital.
During the Second World War he served as chairman of the Medical Equipment Control Committee, in charge of allocating medical equipment and material for both military and civilian use. He was instrumental in the first importation of penicillin by air and the development of its manufacture in Victoria.
He was a noted teacher of surgery and largely responsible for the formation of the Royal Australasian College of Surgeons and served as its president. He has been credited with raising the standard of medical teaching in Melbourne.

## Recognition

Newton was invested as Knight Bachelor by Edward VIII in November 1936.
A portrait by W. B. McInnes (an Archibald Prize entry in 1936) hangs in the Royal Australian College of Surgeons.

## Family

Newton married Mary Cicely Wicksteed, a niece of Philip Wicksteed in England on 5 June 1919. They had a son and a daughter.
# Croatian Mountaineering Association

The Croatian Mountaineering Association (Croatian: Hrvatski planinarski savez) covers both mountaineering and a broad range of related activities. Unlike the majority of the international mountaineering associations, the association's remit extends to speleology, climbing, orienteering and mountain rescue.
The association is responsible for the maintenance of mountain huts and paths in Croatia, and is the publisher of the magazine Hrvatski planinar (The Croatian Mountaineer) and of other promotional materials. Through schools and courses it provides relevant professional education and training. It is a comprehensive source of information of all kinds relating to Croatian mountains and mountaineering.
The operations of the Croatian Mountaineering Association are managed by its executive committee and its professional work is carried out through the commissions for:
* Mountain Rescue;
* Guiding;
* Caving;
* Alpinism;
* Competition Climbing;
* Orienteering;
* Promotion & Publications;
* Mountain Paths;
* Environment;
* Awards;
* Husbandry;
* Legal matters;
* History of Mountaineering.
Members of the Association and members of the UIAA have a 50% discount on the cost of a night's accommodation in all huts in Croatia. Currently the Association numbers some 20,000 registered members from over 200 clubs and regional associations.
The association has created the Hrvatska planinarska obilaznica (HPO) or Croatian Mountaineering Bypass, a list of the most attractive peaks in all Croatian mountains with the intention of not only to bring as many people as possible to interesting peaks, but also to instruct them to get to know the beauties of the Croatian mountains systematically, in a targeted and thoughtful way. Each of the 153 peaks have a checkpoint and metal stamp which the hiker can record their visit in a log book or passport (as the Croatians call it).
The predecessor organization Croatian Climbing Society (Croatian: Hrvatsko planinarsko društvo, HPD) was founded in 1874, which puts the Croats among the first seven nations in the world with a climbing organization. Organised climbing activity in Croatia was directed in its early days towards scientific research into the natural features of the mountains, rather than towards the conquest of peaks as an end in itself. This focus was one reason for the extent to which leading university professors and scientists were represented in the membership of the society in the 20th century.
# List of Olympic venues in rowing

For the Summer Olympics, there are 28 venues that have been or will be used for rowing. These venues have occurred at lakes, rivers, shipping canals, and their own specialized courses. The first specialized course took place at 1932 and would serve as a model for other Olympic venues, most notably in 1972, 1976, 1980, 2000, 2004, 2008 and 2012.
| Games | Venue | Other sports hosted at venues for those games | Capacity |
| 1900 Paris | Seine | Swimming, Water polo | Not listed. |
| 1904 St. Louis | Creve Coeur Lake | None | Not listed. |
| 1908 London | Henley Royal Regatta | None | Not listed. |
| 1912 Stockholm | Djurgårdsbrunnsviken | Diving, Modern pentathlon (swimming), Swimming, Water polo | Not listed. |
| 1920 Antwerp | Brussels–Scheldt Maritime Canal | None | Not listed. |
| 1924 Paris | Bassin d'Argentuil | None | 2,216 |
| 1928 Amsterdam | Sloten | None | 2,230 |
| 1932 Los Angeles | Long Beach Marine Stadium | None | 17,000 |
| 1936 Berlin | Berlin-Grünau Regatta Course | Canoeing | 19,000 |
| 1948 London | Henley Royal Regatta | Canoeing | Not listed. |
| 1952 Helsinki | Meilahti | None | 12,763 |
| 1956 Melbourne | Lake Wendouree | Canoeing | 14,300 |
| 1960 Rome | Lake Albano | Canoeing | 10,000 |
| 1964 Tokyo | Toda Rowing Course | None | 8,300 |
| 1968 Mexico City | Virgilio Uribe Rowing and Canoeing Course | Canoeing | 17,600 |
| 1972 Munich | Regattastrecke Oberschleißheim | Canoeing (sprint) | 41,000 |
| 1976 Montreal | Notre Dame Island | Canoeing | 27,000 |
| 1980 Moscow | Krylatskoye Sports Complex Canoeing and Rowing Basin | Canoeing | 21,600 |
| 1984 Los Angeles | Lake Casitas | Canoeing | 4,680 |
| 1988 Seoul | Han River Regatta Course/Canoeing Site | Canoeing | 25,000 |
| 1992 Barcelona | Lake of Banyoles | None | 4,500 |
| 1996 Atlanta | Lake Lanier | Canoeing (sprint) | 17,300 |
| 2000 Sydney | Sydney International Regatta Centre | Canoeing (sprint) | 20,000 |
| 2004 Athens | Schinias Olympic Rowing and Canoeing Centre | Canoeing (sprint) | 14,000 |
| 2008 Beijing | Shunyi Olympic Rowing-Canoeing Park | Canoeing (slalom and sprint), Swimming (marathon) | 37,000 |
| 2012 London | Dorney Lake | Canoeing (sprint) | 30,000 maximum |
| 2016 Rio de Janeiro | Lagoa Rodrigo de Freitas | Canoeing (sprint) | 14,000 |
| 2020 Tokyo | Sea Forest Waterway | Canoeing (sprint) | 24,000 |
| 2024 Paris | Vaires-sur-Marne Nautical Stadium | Canoeing (slalom and sprint) | 24,000 |
| 2028 Los Angeles | Long Beach Marine Stadium | Canoeing (sprint) | Not listed. |
| 2032 Brisbane | Wyaralong Flatwater Centre | Canoeing (sprint) | 14,000 |