OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Apollodorus of Damascus

Apollodorus of Damascus (Ancient Greek: Ἀπολλόδωρος ὁ Δαμασκηνός) was an architect and engineer from Roman Syria, who flourished during the 2nd century AD. As an engineer he authored several technical treatises, and his massive architectural output gained him immense popularity during his time. He is one of the few architects whose name survives from antiquity, and is credited with introducing several Eastern innovations to the Roman Imperial style, such as making the dome a standard. He is also known as Apollodorus Mechanicus.

## Early life

Apollodorus was born in Damascus, Roman Syria. Modern sources refer to him as Nabatean, or as Greek. Neither Cassius Dio nor Procopius, scholars and historians of antiquity, mention his origins when writing of him. Little is known of his early life, but he started his career as a military engineer before meeting future emperor Trajan in Damascus, then being summoned to Rome by him when he was a consul in 91 AD, after his twentieth birthday,$^{:35}$ and later accompanying him during the Second Dacian War in 105 AD.

## Works and style

Apollodorus was Trajan's favoured architect and engineer.
In Rome he designed and oversaw the construction of:
* Trajan's Forum and Markets
* Temple of Trajan
* Trajan's Column (the first monument of its kind)
Outside the capital, Apollodorus designed the:
* Trajan's Bridge across the Danube
* Alconétar Bridge over the Tagus in Spain
* triumphal arch of Trajan at Benevento
* Arch of Trajan at Ancona.
* Trajan's Trophy near Adamclisi, Romania
He is the author of Siege Engines (Πολιορκητικά), dedicated to an unnamed emperor, likely Trajan.
The director of the Italian Institute of Culture [it] in Damascus, Fiorella Festa Farina, described the technical prowess of Apollodorus as stemming from his cultural roots and the architectural tradition of Syria; and that he owed his particular mastery to Nabataean culture filtered through Greek modes of thought. He was known for his practical and robust designs. It was likely due to his influence that domes became a standard element in Roman architecture.

## Death

Cassius Dio reports that Apollodorus offended Hadrian by dismissing and ridiculing the emperor's forays into architecture, which led to his banishment and death. While some, considering this episode as consistent with Hadrian's documented acts of anger and violence, do believe the execution occurred, many modern historians cast doubt on this event. According to the historian Jona Lendering, modern scholarship views the anecdote as unlikely to have occurred, due to Hadrian's preoccupation with far greater threats to his power early in his reign, and that the criticism Apollodorus proffered was acted upon.$^{:para.2}$
# Vyazmikin

Vyazmikin (Russian: Вязьми́кин) is a Russian surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Dmitri Vyazmikin (born 1972), Russian footballer and manager
* Igor Vyazmikin (1966–2009), Soviet and Russian ice hockey player and coach
# Rottyful Sky

Kim Hanul (March 22, 1988 – October 8, 2013), better known by her stage name Rottyful Sky (Korean: 로티플스카이), formerly known as Hanul, was a Korean pop singer and producer.

## Career
### Solo career and further singles (2001–2006)

She debuted in 2001 with the album Voice of Purity under the stage name "Sky." She was 14 years old at the time under East Asian age reckoning.
In 2006 she announced she would join the Hip-Hop Dance group Roo'ra, although she withdrew in 2007 before releasing any new material. The announcement was made at the same time as Roo'ra's announcement of their comeback with a 'best of' album, hence she is credited on the album although she didn't participate on it.
In 2009 she joined the group MADmoiselle, which released one digital single before disbanding.

### Stage name change, No Way and Get Away (2010—2013)

Nine years after her debut, in 2010, she made her comeback as a solo artist, under the stage name Rottyful Sky, with the release of the digital single "No Way". At that time, she became the first singer to be produced by actor-singer Ryu Si-won. On June 24, 2010, Sony MUSIC launch the first Korean video of "No way" in 3D. On February 12, 2013, she released a second digital single "Get Away".

## Death

On October 8, 2013, she died at the age of 25 after struggling with a brain tumor.

## Discography
### Albums

* [2001.08.16] Voice of Purity (Hanul)

### Digital Singles

* [2010.07.22] No Way
* [2011.03.04] Midas OST Part.4 (마이더스)
* [2013.02.12] Get Away

### Collaboration/Others

* [2007.09.05] House Rulez – Mojito (#3 Mojito (feat. Hanul))
* [2008.06.20] My-Q – This Is for You (#4 Yeoreum Haneul (feat. Hanul))
* [2008.09.24] Listen Campaign (#4 Save My Heart)
* [2008.11.18] Ignite – Ignite Spot (1st Single Album) (#2 Good Memories (feat. Hanul))
* [2009.06.16] Ignite – Look So Good (#10 Good Memories (feat. Hanul) (Full Version))
* [2009.08.28] Style OST (#1 Tell Me (JP, Hanul), No. 5 Eojjeoda Neoreul, No. 17 Tell Me (Hanul Version))
* [2011.07.14] BIG BANG (singer)|BIG BANG – BIG BANG 2+1 (#1 2+1 (feat. Hanul))
* [2011.07.29] Scent of a Woman OST Part.1 – (#2 Bluebird)

## Filmography
### Dramas

* [2011] Manny (EP5)
# Wahida

Wahida or Waheeda (Arabic: وحيدة) is an Arabic feminine given name, the feminine form of Wahid or Waheed, which mean "peerless" or "unique". Notable people with the given name include:
* Um Hanadi (real name Wahida Mohamed al-Jumaily; born 1978), Iraqi militant fighter and commander
* Wahida al-Khalidi (fl. 1929–1938), Palestinian women's rights activist
* Waheeda Akhtar (born 1995), Pakistani cricketer
* Wahida Amiri (fl. 1996–present), Afghan librarian and women's rights activist
* Wahida Clark (fl. 2002–present), American author
* Wahida Faizi (born 1994), Afghan journalist
* Ferdous Akhter Wahida (fl. 2005), Bangladeshi politician
* Wahida Dridi (fl. 1997–present), Tunisian actress
* Wahida Mollick Jolly (fl. 1975–present), Bangladeshi actress
* Wahida Prism Khan (born 1972), Indian naval surgeon
* Waheeda Naseem (1927–1996), Pakistani novelist and writer
* Waheeda Rehman (born 1938), Indian actress
* Syeda Wahida Sabrina (born 2000), Bangladeshi actress
# Surinder Singh (footballer)

Surinder Singh (born 12 July 1973) is an Indian football coach.

## Coaching career

Born in Chandigarh, Singh began his coaching with the All India Football Federation, working with the national federation's various youth teams. Prior to working with the AIFF, Singh was head coach of the St. Stephen's Football Academy for 23 years, working with future India internationals such as Gurpreet Singh Sandhu, Sandesh Jhingan, Anirudh Thapa, Mohammad Sajid Dhot, and Johny Chand Singh. On 25 December 2011, it was announced that Singh would become the assistant coach of Pailan Arrows of the I-League.
In 2015, Singh became the head coach of Minerva Punjab during the I-League 2nd Division campaign. He led Minerva Punjab to second place in the league, missing promotion over Dempo. In December 2016, it was announced that Minerva Punjab would gain direct-entry into the I-League and that Singh would remain head coach. After the 2016–17 season, Singh was relieved of his duties as head coach. In July 2023, Singh managed the U13 team of Minerva Academy that went on to win the Gothia Cup in Sweden.

## Statistics
### Managerial statistics (Minerva)

| Team | From | To | Record | Record | Record | Record | Record |
| G | W | D | L | Win % |
| Minerva Punjab | 2015 | 12 August 2017 | 36 | 13 | 11 | 12 | 036.11 |
| Total | Total | Total | 36 | 13 | 11 | 12 | 036.11 |
# Yemelyanovo

Yemelyanovo (Russian: Емельяново) is the name of several inhabited localities in Russia.

## Modern localities
### Urban localities

* Yemelyanovo, Krasnoyarsk Krai, a work settlement in Yemelyanovsky District of Krasnoyarsk Krai

### Rural localities

* Yemelyanovo, Pestyakovsky District, Ivanovo Oblast, a village in Pestyakovsky District of Ivanovo Oblast
* Yemelyanovo, Yuzhsky District, Ivanovo Oblast, a village in Yuzhsky District of Ivanovo Oblast
* Yemelyanovo, Zavolzhsky District, Ivanovo Oblast, a village in Zavolzhsky District of Ivanovo Oblast
* Yemelyanovo, Luzsky District, Kirov Oblast, a village in Papulovsky Rural Okrug of Luzsky District in Kirov Oblast
* Yemelyanovo, Pizhansky District, Kirov Oblast, a village in Izhevsky Rural Okrug of Pizhansky District in Kirov Oblast
* Yemelyanovo, Buysky District, Kostroma Oblast, a village in Tsentralnoye Settlement of Buysky District in Kostroma Oblast
* Yemelyanovo, Galichsky District, Kostroma Oblast, a village in Berezovskoye Settlement of Galichsky District in Kostroma Oblast
* Yemelyanovo, Moscow Oblast, a village in Gorskoye Rural Settlement of Orekhovo-Zuyevsky District in Moscow Oblast
* Yemelyanovo, Pechorsky District, Pskov Oblast, a village in Pechorsky District of Pskov Oblast
* Yemelyanovo, Pskovsky District, Pskov Oblast, a village in Pskovsky District of Pskov Oblast
* Yemelyanovo, Kazulinskoye Rural Settlement, Safonovsky District, Smolensk Oblast, a village in Kazulinskoye Rural Settlement of Safonovsky District in Smolensk Oblast
* Yemelyanovo, Prudkovskoye Rural Settlement, Safonovsky District, Smolensk Oblast, a village in Prudkovskoye Rural Settlement of Safonovsky District in Smolensk Oblast
* Yemelyanovo, Republic of Tatarstan, a selo in Laishevsky District of the Republic of Tatarstan
* Yemelyanovo, Belsky District, Tver Oblast, a village in Budinskoye Rural Settlement of Belsky District in Tver Oblast
* Yemelyanovo, Staritsky District, Tver Oblast, a selo in Yemelyanovskoye Rural Settlement of Staritsky District in Tver Oblast
* Yemelyanovo, Vesyegonsky District, Tver Oblast, a village in Lyubegoshchinskoye Rural Settlement of Vesyegonsky District in Tver Oblast
* Yemelyanovo, Vologda Oblast, a village in Spassky Selsoviet of Vologodsky District in Vologda Oblast

## Abolished localities

* Yemelyanovo, Nizhny Novgorod Oblast, a village in Semenovsky Selsoviet of Urensky District in Nizhny Novgorod Oblast; abolished in September 2013

## Alternative names

* Yemelyanovo, alternative name of Yemelyanova, a village in Velyaminovsky Rural Administrative Okrug of Karachevsky District in Bryansk Oblast; 52°59′N 35°5′E﻿ / ﻿52.983°N 35.083°E﻿ / 52.983; 35.083
# Područna liga Doboj

The Regional League Doboj (Serbian: Подручна лига Добој / Područna liga Doboj) is a fifth level league in the Bosnia and Herzegovina football league system and a fourth level league in the Republika Srpska.

## Member clubs for 2014–15

* FK Sloga – Dugo Polje
* FK Borac – Osinja
* FK Rudar – Stanari
* FK Sloga – Jakeš
* FK Crkvina – Crkvina
* FK Ukrina – Čečava
* FK Pelagićevo – Pelagićevo
* FK Bratstvo – Donja Dubica
* FK Sloboda – Vinska
* FK Kladari Gornji – Kladari Gornji
* FK Mladost – Dobrinja
* FK Zvijezda – Kruškovo Polje
* FK Zadrugar – Sijekovac
* FK Mladost – Tišina
# Hamid Shafaat

Hamid Shafaat (Persian: حمید شفاعت; born November 3, 1984) is an Iranian footballer who currently plays for Giti Pasand in Azadegan League.

## Club career

Shafaat had been with Zob Ahan from 2010 to 2013.
| Club performance | Club performance | Club performance | League | League | Cup | Cup | Continental | Continental | Total | Total |
| Season | Club | League | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Iran | Iran | Iran | League | League | Hazfi Cup | Hazfi Cup | Asia | Asia | Total | Total |
| 2010–11 | Zob Ahan | Pro League | 1 | 0 | | | 2 | 0 | | |
| 2011–12 | Zob Ahan | Pro League | 16 | 0 | | | 0 | 0 | | |
| 2012–13 | Zob Ahan | Pro League | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | – | – | 6 | 0 |
| 2013–14 | Giti Pasand | Division 1 | 21 | 0 | | | 0 | 0 | 21 | 0 |
| 2014–15 | Giti Pasand | Division 1 | 14 | 0 | | | 0 | 0 | 14 | 0 |
| 2015–16 | Giti Pasand | Division 1 | 21 | 0 | | | 0 | 0 | 21 | 0 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 79 | 0 | | | 2 | 0 | | |
# Chudinov

Chudinov (Russian: Чудинов) is a Russian masculine surname, its feminine counterpart is Chudinova. It may refer to
* Dmitry Chudinov (born 1986), Russian professional boxer
* Elena Chudinova (born 1959), Russian writer, poet, publicist, and playwright
* Fedor Chudinov (born 1987), Russian professional boxer, brother of Dimitry
* Igor Chudinov (born 1961), Prime Minister of Kyrgyzstan
* Maxim Chudinov (born 1990), Russian ice hockey player
* Sergey Chudinov (born 1983), Russian skeleton racer
# Mosolovo

Mosolovo, (Russian: Мосолово) may refer to:
* Mosolovo, Kaluga Oblast, a village in Kaluga Oblast, Russia
* Mosolovo, Kursk Oblast, a village in Kursk Oblast, Russia
* Mosolovo, Penza Oblast, a village in Penza Oblast, Russia
* Mosolovo, Starozhilovsky District, Ryazan Oblast, a village in Ryazan Oblast, Russia
* Mosolovo, Shilovsky District, Ryazan Oblast, a village (selo) in Ryazan Oblast, Russia
* Mosolovo, Safonovsky District, Smolensk Oblast, a village in Smolensk Oblast, Russia
* Mosolovo, Kholm-Zhirkovsky District, Smolensk Oblast, a village in Smolensk Oblast, Russia
* Mosolovo, Tver Oblast, a village in Tver Oblast, Russia
* Mosolovo, Zaoksky District, Tula Oblast, a village in Tula Oblast, Russia
* Mosolovo, Suvorovsky District, Tula Oblast, a village in Tula Oblast, Russia
# Restrepophyllum

Restrepophyllum is a genus of fossil foliage attributable to the Zamiaceae. This genus is found in Early Cretaceous rocks from Argentina.

## Taxonomy

The genus was erected based on material from the Anfiteratro de Ticó Formation in Argentina based on a single specimen preserved with cuticle./ The name of the genus was chosen to highlight the similarity with Zamia restrepoi (D.W.Stev.) A.Lindstr., a species of Zamia previously segregated in the genus Chigua.
# Shinosaur

Shinosaur (Russian: Шинозавр (lit. Tyre-saur), officially: "art construction "Dragon"") was an art object of the Moscow "housing and public utilities art" (ZhEK art [ru], ЖЭК-арт), created in 1971 (according to other sources, in 1987) and removed in 2022, despite the protests of residents and promises of the authorities to preserve the object.

## History

According to the oral reports of the authorities, the Shinosaur existed at this place since 1971, local residents in their memories indicate 1987 or the beginning of the 1990s. According to the same recollections, the Shinosaur was created by car enthusiasts from neighboring garages, and the material (tires) was most likely brought from the First Automobile Plant named after G. L. Krause, which is located on the opposite side of Mnyovniki.
For the past 30 years, the Shinosaur has been a local favorite, climbed (and fell) by children.
In the spring of 2022, plans for the improvement of the courtyard between buildings 10-1 and 10-4 along Mnyovniki Street [ru] appeared. The head of the Council assured the worried residents that the Shinosaur would not be touched.
However, on July 6, 2022, Shinosaur was demolished.

## Description

The basis of the structure is a steel pipe, bent at an angle to the horizon and tightly welded with several shorter pipes that act as a holding cross ("paw"). At the highest point, a corner is welded to the pipe across it, after which the pipe bends down in an arc, ending with a rubber tongue. Throughout the pipes, automobile tires of various diameters, from cars to tractors, are strung on them. Since the mid-2000s, tires have been painted in bright colors (first purple with red, then blue with yellow and red). Prior to this, the monument was black. In general, the structure vaguely resembled the Loch Ness Monster.

## Influence

The popularity of the Shinosaur was so high that the locals filled themselves with tattoos with his image.
# Stirling City

Stirling City may refer to:
* The city of Stirling, Scotland, United Kingdom
* Stirling City, California, United States
# Sajjad Kouchaki

Sajjad Kouchaki (Persian: سجاد کوچکی) is an Iranian retired military officer who served as the Commander of the Islamic Republic of Iran Navy from 2005 to 2007.
According to an analysis published by The Washington Institute for Near East Policy, Kouchaki was "one of the architects of the country’s naval doctrine".
# Rowland Winter

Rowland Winter (born 17 February 1985) is a British rugby union coach.

## Coaching career
### Early roles

Winter began his coaching career at Northampton Saints, in a number of roles within the Junior Academy and Community Development. During his early 20s, Winter enjoyed successful league and cup wins as Head coach at both Northampton BBOB RFC and Bedford Athletic. He had successful coaching experience in the England U-20s Counties structure.

### Cambridge RFC

From February 2013 Winter was appointed Director of Rugby at Cambridge RFC. He restructured all playing aspects of the club over a successful three year period, and led them to win the English National League 2 in 2015-16.
In January 2023, Winter returned to the club in the role of Chief Operating Officer, overseeing all aspects of rugby and commercial operations. In May 2023, the club were promoted to the RFU Championship after a strong second half to the season.

### Eastern Counties

Winter led the senior Eastern Counties team to a County Cup Final at Twickenham in 2015.

### Coventry RFC

In May 2016 he was appointed Director of Rugby at Coventry RFC, leading them to win the English National League 1 in the 2017-18 season. In May 2018 he signed a contract extension to 2022.
In 2018-19 Winter led Coventry to an 8th place finish, and cup quarter final in their first season back in the Greene King IPA Championship. To date, this is the most successful and highest place finish from any promoted side in the history of the competition.
In 2019-20 Coventry were 4th, when coronavirus halted the Championship.
In January 2022, following a home defeat by Cornish Pirates, Winters whereabouts became a mystery until it was confirmed by the club in April that he had left the club.
Alex Rae was later appointed Head Coach.

### Methods

At both Cambridge and Coventry Winter made significant changes in both the coaching team and playing squad soon after being appointed.

### St Joseph's College, Ipswich

In May 2022 it was announced that Winter had moved to schools rugby coaching, with the appointment as Director of Rugby at St Joseph’s College (Ipswich).
# St. Marina's Monastery

St. Marena's Monastery (Albanian: Manastiri i Shën Marenës) is a monastery near Llëngë, Korçë County, Albania, dedicated to Marina the Monk and built in the 17th century. It is a Cultural Monument of Albania.

## Description

The church is a small building around 12 meters long. The altar is divided from the central nave by a wooden carved iconostas. All the interiors are frescoed by 18th century paintings of Kostandin Shpataraku.
# Aqa, Iran

Aqa (Persian: اقا) may refer to:
* Aqa, Kermanshah
* Aqa, Lorestan
# Kyurinskiy okrug

The Kyurinskiy okrug was a district (okrug) of the Dagestan Oblast of the Caucasus Viceroyalty of the Russian Empire. The area of the Kyurinskiy okrug is included in contemporary Dagestan of the Russian Federation. The district's administrative centre was Kasumkent.

## Administrative divisions

The prefectures (участки, uchastki) of the Kyurinskiy okrug in 1917 were:
| Name | 1912 population | Area |
| Gyuneyskiy prefecture (Гюнейский участок) | 21,162 | 673.73 square versts (766.75 km$^2$; 296.04 sq mi) |
| Kurakhskiy prefecture (Курахский участок) | 16,662 | 1,020.66 square versts (1,161.57 km$^2$; 448.49 sq mi) |
| Kutur-Kyurinskiy prefecture (Кутур-Кюринский участок) | 20,938 | 434.06 square versts (493.99 km$^2$; 190.73 sq mi) |
| Yuzhno-Tabasaranskiy prefecture (Южно-Табасаранский участок) | 20,023 | 610.10 square versts (694.33 km$^2$; 268.08 sq mi) |
| Ulusskiy magal (Улусский магал) | 2,688 | 328.30 square versts (373.63 km$^2$; 144.26 sq mi) |

## Demographics
### Russian Empire Census

According to the Russian Empire Census, the Kyurinskiy okrug had a population of 77,680 on 28 January [O.S. 15 January] 1897, including 39,039 men and 38,641 women. The majority of the population indicated Kyurin to be their mother tongue, with a significant Kazi-Kumukh speaking minority.
Linguistic composition of the Kyurinskiy okrug in 1897 :
| Language | Native speakers | % |
| Kyurin | 59,309 | 76.35 |
| Kazi-Kumukh | 13,694 | 17.63 |
| Tat | 2,466 | 3.17 |
| Tatar | 1,321 | 1.70 |
| Jewish | 530 | 0.68 |
| Russian | 178 | 0.23 |
| Avar-Andean | 50 | 0.06 |
| Dargin | 45 | 0.06 |
| Armenian | 16 | 0.02 |
| Ukrainian | 13 | 0.02 |
| Georgian | 12 | 0.02 |
| Kumyk | 5 | 0.01 |
| Persian | 2 | 0.00 |
| Polish | 2 | 0.00 |
| Chechen | 1 | 0.00 |
| German | 1 | 0.00 |
| Lithuanian | 1 | 0.00 |
| Other | 34 | 0.04 |
| TOTAL | 77,680 | 100.00 |

### Kavkazskiy kalendar

According to the 1917 publication of Kavkazskiy kalendar, the Kyurinskiy okrug had a population of 86,050 on 14 January [O.S. 1 January] 1916, including 44,712 men and 41,338 women, 84,965 of whom were the permanent population, and 1,085 were temporary residents:
| Nationality | Number | % |
| North Caucasians | 81,037 | 94.17 |
| Jews | 3,201 | 3.72 |
| Shia Muslims | 1,213 | 1.41 |
| Russians | 591 | 0.69 |
| Other Europeans | 5 | 0.01 |
| Armenians | 3 | 0.00 |
| TOTAL | 86,050 | 100.00 |
# United to Advance

United to Advance (Catalan: Units per Avançar, Els Units) is a Catalan centrist and Christian democratic political party founded in June 2017 by former members of the defunct Democratic Union of Catalonia (UDC) and non-independentist Catalan nationalists. The party defines itself as moderate Catalan nationalist and opposes Catalan independence.

## History

The party, promoted by former members of the extinct Democratic Union of Catalonia (UDC), was publicly presented in Barcelona on 19 June 2017. In its founding congress held in October 2017, the party proposed forming an electoral platform together with the Socialists' Party of Catalonia (PSC) and other actors from moderate Catalanism opposed to Catalan independence.
Units reached an electoral agreement with the PSC ahead of the 2017 Catalan regional election, under which party leader Ramon Espadaler would run as the list's third candidate for the Barcelona constituency. After the election, the party joined PSC's parliamentary group. The party renewed their alliance with the PSC for of the upcoming 2019 Spanish local elections. Concurrently, it joined the Coalition for a Solidary Europe alliance together with the Basque Nationalist Party (PNV), Canarian Coalition (CCa) and other regionalist political parties in Spain ahead of the 2019 European Parliament election.
As of March 2020, the party was in talks for an electoral alliance ahead of the 2021 Catalan regional election with "The Country of Tomorrow" think tank, which had split with the Catalan European Democratic Party (PDeCAT) in September 2019. After the latter established the Nationalist Party of Catalonia (PNC), both Els Units and the PNC did not rule out any prospective alliance.

## Electoral performance
### Parliament of Catalonia

Parliament of Catalonia :
| Election | Votes | % | # | Seats | +/– | Leading candidate | Status in legislature |
| 2017 | Within PSC–PSOE | Within PSC–PSOE | Within PSC–PSOE | 1 / 135 | 1 | Ramon Espadaler | Opposition |
| 2021 | Within PSC–PSOE | Within PSC–PSOE | Within PSC–PSOE | 1 / 135 | 0 | Ramon Espadaler | Opposition |
| 2024 | Within PSC–PSOE | Within PSC–PSOE | Within PSC–PSOE | 1 / 135 | 0 | Ramon Espadaler | Government |