OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Bushy Hazels & Cwmma Moors

Bushy Hazels & Cwmma Moors is a Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) near Eardisley in Herefordshire, England. This protected area contains patches of ancient woodland.

## Biology

The ancient deciduous woodland is characteristic for the Welsh borders. Two tree species dominate: hazel and ash. Common bluebell has been recorded in Bushy Hazels. Herbaceous plants including dog's mercury, herb paris and sanicle have also been recorded in this protected area.

## Geology

The soils at Bushy Hazels & Cwmma Moors SSSI form a calcareous loam derived from the Old Red Sandstone series.

## Land ownership

Most of the land within this protected area is owned by the National Trust (they refer to the site as Brilley).
# John McDonald (Union army general)

John McDonald was born in Rochester, New York, on February 22, 1832. At the age of nine, he was orphaned. To support himself, McDonald worked a series of odd jobs on canals, lakes, and rivers. He arrived in St. Louis at the age of 15. McDonald worked his way up in responsible river trade jobs. By the 1850s he was a passenger agent for a St. Louis steam company. Eventually, he started his own business, running a freight steamer that carried passengers on the Missouri River. At the outbreak of the Civil War, McDonald was a strong Union man. Appointed a Major rank, McDonald raised and outfitted the Eighth Regiment that served in battles at Fort Henry, Fort Donelson, and Shiloh. President Abraham Lincoln appointed him a Brigadier General. McDonald kept the title of "General" for the rest of his life.
After Appomattox, McDonald married Addie Hayes of Memphis Tennessee. In October 1869, President Ulysses S. Grant appointed McDonald Internal Revenue Collector of the Missouri District headquartered in St. Louis. McDonald organized an illegal racketeering operation known as the Whiskey Ring, profiteering by depleting the Treasury of tax revenue. In 1875, McDonald was indicted and prosecuted November 1875. Found guilty, McDonald was fined $5,000 and sentenced to serve 18 months in federal prison. McDonald's Washington associate and President Grant's private secretary Orville E. Babcock, was also indicted and prosecuted for involvement in the Whiskey Ring, but Babcock was found not guilty. McDonald believed Babcock was guilty and should join him in prison. McDonald received a presidential pardon on January 26, 1877, by President Grant. In 1880, his book Secrets of the Great Whiskey Ring and Eighteen Months in the Penitentiary was published. McDonald died in Chicago in 1912.
# 2012 WTA Premier Mandatory and Premier 5 tournaments

The WTA Premier Mandatory and Premier 5 tournaments, which are part of the WTA Premier tournaments, make up the elite tour for professional women's tennis organised by the WTA called the WTA Tour. There are four Premier Mandatory tournaments: Indian Wells, Miami, Madrid and Beijing and five Premier 5 tournaments: Doha, Rome, Canada, Cincinnati and Tokyo.

## Tournaments

| Tournament | Country | Location | Surface | Date | Prize money |
| Qatar Total Open | Qatar | Doha | Hard | Feb 13 – 19 | $2,168,400 |
| BNP Paribas Open | United States | Indian Wells | Hard | Mar 5 – 18 | $5,536,664 |
| Sony Ericsson Open | United States | Key Biscayne | Hard | Mar 19 – Apr 1 | $4,828,050 |
| Mutua Madrid Open | Spain | Madrid | Clay (blue) | May 7 – 13 | $5,189,603 |
| Internazionali BNL d'Italia | Italy | Rome | Clay (red) | May 14 – 20 | $2,168,400 |
| Rogers Cup p/b National Bank | Canada | Montreal | Hard | Aug 6 – 12 | $2,168,400 |
| Western & Southern Open | United States | Mason | Hard | Aug 13 – 19 | $2,168,400 |
| Toray Pan Pacific Open | Japan | Tokyo | Hard | Sep 24 – 30 | $2,168,400 |
| China Open | China | Beijing | Hard | Oct 1 – 7 | $4,828,050 |

## Results

| Tournament | Singles champions | Runners-up | Score | Doubles champions | Runners-up | Score |
| Doha Singles – Doubles | Victoria Azarenka | Samantha Stosur | 6–1, 6–2 | Liezel Huber Lisa Raymond | Raquel Kops-Jones Abigail Spears | 6–3, 6–1 |
| Indian Wells Singles – Doubles | Victoria Azarenka | Maria Sharapova | 6–2, 6–3 | Liezel Huber Lisa Raymond | Sania Mirza Elena Vesnina | 6–2, 6–3 |
| Miami Singles – Doubles | Agnieszka Radwańska | Maria Sharapova | 7–5, 6–4 | Maria Kirilenko Nadia Petrova | Sara Errani Roberta Vinci | 7–6$^{(7–0)}$, 4–6, [10–4] |
| Madrid Singles – Doubles | Serena Williams | Victoria Azarenka | 6–1, 6–3 | Sara Errani Roberta Vinci | Ekaterina Makarova Elena Vesnina | 6–1, 3–6, [10–4] |
| Rome Singles – Doubles | Maria Sharapova | Li Na | 4–6, 6–4, 7–6$^{(7–5)}$ | Sara Errani Roberta Vinci | Ekaterina Makarova Elena Vesnina | 6–2, 7–5 |
| Montréal Singles – Doubles | Petra Kvitová | Li Na | 7–5, 2–6, 6–3 | Klaudia Jans-Ignacik Kristina Mladenovic | Nadia Petrova Katarina Srebotnik | 7–5, 2–6, 6–3 |
| Cincinnati Singles – Doubles | Li Na | Angelique Kerber | 1–6, 6–3, 6–1 | Andrea Hlaváčková Lucie Hradecká | Katarina Srebotnik Zheng Jie | 6–1, 6–3 |
| Tokyo Singles – Doubles | Nadia Petrova | Agnieszka Radwańska | 6–0, 1–6, 6–3 | Raquel Kops-Jones Abigail Spears | Anna-Lena Grönefeld Květa Peschke | 6–1, 6–4 |
| Beijing Singles – Doubles | Victoria Azarenka | Maria Sharapova | 6–3, 6–1 | Ekaterina Makarova* | Nuria Llagostera Vives Sania Mirza | 7–5, 7–5 |
| Beijing Singles – Doubles | Victoria Azarenka | Maria Sharapova | 6–3, 6–1 | Elena Vesnina | Nuria Llagostera Vives Sania Mirza | 7–5, 7–5 |
# Antoine Brun

Anthoine Brun (1599–1654), baron d'Aspremont, was a Burgundian (Franche-Comté) diplomat in the service of Philip IV of Spain.

## Life

Brun was born on 29 June 1599, the son of Claude Brun, advocate in the Parlement of Dole. He studied law at the universities of Dole and Bourges. In 1632 he was appointed procurator general of the Parlement of Dole. He was a leading figure in organising resistance to the French invasion of Franche-Comté in 1636.
Brun was appointed to the Supreme Council of Flanders in 1642. As a representative of the king of Spain, he played an important role in the negotiations leading to the Peace of Münster (1648).
Thereafter he became the king's first resident ambassador in the newly recognised Dutch Republic. He took up residence in The Hague in mid-1649, his first official despatch as ambassador being dated 29 June 1649. In 1650 he concluded a naval treaty with the Dutch on behalf of the king.
He was also a man of letters, publishing a French translation of a selection of the letters of Justus Lipsius: Le Chois des Epistres de Lipse (1650).
He died 2 January 1654.

## Publications

* Le Manifeste d'Antoine Brun (1638), edited by Emile Longin (Vesoul, 1905).
* Le Chois des Epistres de Lipse, translated by Antoine Brun (Lyon, 1650).
# NGC 2202

NGC 2202 is an open cluster in the constellation Orion. The object was discovered in 1825 by the German-Russian astronomer Friedrich Georg Wilhelm von Struve.
# Asaph Fipke

Asaph Fipke is a Canadian producer, writer, and director and the creator of the animated series Storm Hawks, which is made by the animation studio he co-founded, Nerd Corps Entertainment, cooperation with Cartoon Network and YTV. He is also the creator of both the animated series Slugterra and Rated A for Awesome which aired on Disney XD and Endangered Species, which was also produced by Nerd Corps Entertainment that aired on Teletoon as well as the executive producer in the sixth and seventh seasons of My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic, which currently airs on Discovery Family and game show Airmageddon, which aired on CBBC.

## Career

Fipke studied at the University of British Columbia and the Vancouver Film School.
Fipke began his career with computer animation starting with his employment at Mainframe Entertainment, where he worked on series such as Beast Wars: Transformers (as associate producer) and Beast Machines: Transformers (as producer and supervising production designer). In addition, he worked on productions for ReBoot, the 2000 series of Action Man, the TV adaptation of Heavy Gear, Max Steel and Barbie in the Nutcracker. He eventually became Senior Vice President of Development and Production at Mainframe Entertainment in 2000, however abandoned the position in 2001.
In 2002, Fipke founded Nerd Corps Entertainment in Vancouver, along with fellow animation producer Chuck Johnson. The company's first animated series, Dragon Booster, won Fipke a Gemini Award for Best Animation Program or Series in 2005 and a Leo Award nomination in the same category in 2006.
# Weak continuum hypothesis

The term weak continuum hypothesis can be used to refer to the hypothesis that $2^{\aleph _{0}}<2^{\aleph _{1}}$, which is the negation of the second continuum hypothesis.$^{:80}$$^{:Lecture7}$$^{:3616}$ It is equivalent to a weak form of ◊ on $\aleph _{1}$.$^{:2}$ F. Burton Jones proved that if it is true, then every separable normal Moore space is metrizable.$^{:Theorem5}$
Weak continuum hypothesis may also refer to the assertion that every uncountable set of real numbers can be placed in bijective correspondence with the set of all reals. This second assertion was Cantor's original form of the Continuum Hypothesis (CH). Given the Axiom of Choice, it is equivalent to the usual form of CH, that $2^{\aleph _{0}}=\aleph _{1}$.$^{:155}$$^{:289}$
# Louis Comte

Louis Apollinaire Christien Emmanuel Comte "The King's Conjurer" (born Geneva, 22 June 1788 – Rueil, 25 November 1859), also known simply as Comte, was a celebrated nineteenth-century Parisian magician, greatly admired by Robert-Houdin.
He performed for Louis XVIII at the Tuileries Palace and was made a Chevalier de la Légion d'Honneur by Louis-Philippe. He was sometimes called "The Conjurer of the Three Kings" (Louis XVIII, Charles X, and Louis-Philippe). In 1814, Comte became the first conjurer on record to pull a white rabbit out of a top hat though this is also attributed to the much later John Henry Anderson.
Comte owned the Théâtre Comte passage des Panoramas of the 2nd arrondissement of Paris and another one in the Passage Choiseul.
* Admission token Théâtre Comte, passage Choiseul, for a family of 4, reverse.
* Admission token Théâtre Comte, passage Choiseul, for a family of 4, obverse.
# Shypyntsi

Shypyntsi (Ukrainian: Шипинці; Romanian: Șipeniț), a village in Ukraine, is located within Chernivtsi Raion (district) of Chernivtsi Oblast (province), about 530 kilometers (330 mi) driving distance southwest of Kyiv, and about 30 kilometers (19 mi) northwest from the provincial capital of Chernivtsi. Shypyntsi is about 48 kilometers (30 mi) from the Ukrainian/Romanian border, about 64 kilometers (40 mi) from the Ukrainian/Moldovan border, and about 80 kilometers (50 mi) from the city of Suceava, Romania. Boxing champion Oleksander Usyk is from this village, which is located on the left bank of the Prut River, amid rolling hills covered with farms and forests, in the region generally known as the Dniester Hills. It belongs to Kitsman urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine.
Until 18 July 2020, Shypyntsi belonged to Kitsman Raion. The raion was abolished in July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Chernivtsi Oblast to three. The area of Kitsman Raion was split between Chernivtsi Raion and Vyzhnytsia Raion, with Shypyntsi being transferred to Chernivtsi Raion.
To the north of the village are the ancient ruins of a Cucuteni-Trypillian culture settlement, dating back to the 5th Millennium to early 4th Millennium BC. Archaeological excavation began at this site in the late 19th century by a team of Ukrainians: J. Shombathy, R. Kindle, F. Volkov, O. Kandyba and Tatiana Sergeyevna Passek. Houses, earthenware, and ceramic shards were discovered, and in 1938 Kandyba published a collection of images from this site of beautifully decorated pottery.
This settlement was part of the Neolithic Cucuteni-Trypillian culture, which lasted from 5100 to 2750 BC, and which had some of the largest communities in the world at the time. The members of this society plowed their farms, raised livestock, hunted and fished, created textiles, and developed a beautiful and highly refined style of pottery with very intricate designs. Their settlements were built in oval or circular layouts, with concentric rows of houses interconnected to form rings around the center of the community, where often a sanctuary building would be found. They left behind a large number of clay figurines, many of which are regarded as Goddess fetishes. For over 2500 years their culture flourished with no evidence left behind that would indicate they experienced warfare. However, at the beginning of the Bronze Age their culture disappeared, the reasons for which are still debated, but possibly as a result of invaders coming from the Steppes to the east.
The artifacts taken from the Shypyntsi ruins are kept in museums in Chernivtsi and Vienna.
# Chirvat-türkisi

Chirvat-türkisi or Croatian song (Serbo-Croatian: Hrvatska pjesma, Arebica: حروآتسقآ پيهسمآ) is a love song from a manuscript from c. 1588/89, written in Arebica by a certain Mehmed in Transylvania. It also contains a number of German, Hungarian and Latin songs written in the Arabic script. This manuscript is held in the National Library in Vienna.
# Thomas H. McKittrick

Thomas Harrington McKittrick (1889–1970) was an American banker and president of the Bank for International Settlements during World War II whose close relationship with Hitler's Third Reich has stirred controversy.

## Career

McKittrick was educated at Harvard University and graduated in 1911. He joined the National City Bank in 1916, assigned to assist in opening a branch of the bank in Geneva, Switzerland. He served in the American Expeditionary Force during World War I. In the interwar years he was a banker with Lee, Higginson & Co.
McKittrick was president of the Bank for International Settlements (BIS) from 1940 to June 1943, under the chairmanship of Otto Niemeyer and Ernst Weber. BIS, intended to facilitate effective monetary co-operation, declared its neutrality in World War II. After the war was declared in September 1939, it was no longer possible for representatives of Germany, France or the United Kingdom to attend BIS meetings. Due to the commencement of hostilities in France, only a few miles from BIS headquarters in Basel, Switzerland, McKittrick was the only member of its assembly to attend the May 1940 annual meeting.
McKittrick was a family friend of Allen Dulles, a US intelligence officer also based in Switzerland during World War II. Dulles later became a Director of the Central Intelligence Agency.
In 1941 Fortune magazine claimed that Germany had gained control of BIS by purchasing shares from other shareholders. McKittrick denied allegations that the bank was being used to escape the foreign funds controls put in place by the US Government against the Axis powers. During World War II BIS received gold as interest payments from the German Reichstag which later investigations showed had been looted from the central banks of Belgium and the Netherlands. McKittrick was re-elected to the post of president of the BIS in 1942.
From 1946 to 1954 McKittrick worked for the Chase National Bank, becoming a senior vice president and director. He headed a survey mission for the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development to India in the 1950s. He died on January 21, 1970, in Newton, New Jersey.

## Archives and records

* Thomas H. McKittrick papers at Baker Library Special Collections, Harvard Business School.
# Otto Yamaoka

Otto Yamaoka (April 25, 1904 – June 5, 1967) was an American actor and businessman who worked in Hollywood primarily during the 1930s. He was one of only a handful of Japanese-descended actors working in the industry at the time. His sister, Iris, was an actress.

## Biography

Otto was born in Seattle, Washington, to Ototaka Yamaoka and Jho Watanabe.
The family moved to Los Angeles in the 1920s, and he and his sister Iris both developed an interest in acting; both primarily played smaller roles. His brother, George Yamaoka, became a prominent lawyer.
Otto's career in Hollywood ended around 1940, and he then began working as an importer in the Los Angeles area. The Yamaoka family was sent to the Heart Mountain internment camp in Wyoming during World War II following the signing of Executive Order 9066.

## Partial filmography

* The Ship from Shanghai (1930) - Shanghai Nightclub Patron (uncredited)
* The Benson Murder Case (1930) - Sam (uncredited)
* The Hot Heiress (1931) - Chinese Waiter (uncredited)
* The Black Camel (1931) - Kashimo
* The Hatchet Man (1932) - Chung Ho (uncredited)
* Westward Passage (1932) - Chong (uncredited)
* War Correspondent (1932) - Bandit (uncredited)
* The Racing Strain (1932) - Togo
* Midnight Mary (1933) - Chinese Proprietor (uncredited)
* Morning Glory (1933) - Servant (uncredited)
* Before Midnight (1933) - Kono
* The Sin of Nora Moran (1933) - Kito - John Grant's Houseboy (uncredited)
* We're Rich Again (1934) - Fugi
* Student Tour (1934) - Casino Patron (uncredited)
* Limehouse Blues (1934) - Chinese Waiter on Boat (uncredited)
* Death Flies East (1935) - Japanese Chauffeur (uncredited)
* The Wedding Night (1935) - Taka (uncredited)
* The Affair of Susan (1935) - Spieler (uncredited)
* Petticoat Fever (1936) - Kimo
* Rhythm on the Range (1936) - Chinese Houseboy (uncredited)
* Hollywood Boulevard (1936) - Thomas (uncredited)
* Libeled Lady (1936) - Ching
* Easy to Take (1936) - Japanese Instructor (uncredited)
* Night Waitress (1936) - Fong
* Criminal Lawyer (1937) - Mitzu - Brandon's House Boy (uncredited)
* Thin Ice (1937) - Japanese Reporter (uncredited)
* Song of the City (1937) - Wilbur - Paul's Butler (uncredited)
* Stand-In (1937) - Quintain's Houseboy (uncredited)
* Next Time I Marry (1938) - Joe - Nancy's Butler (uncredited)
* Trouble in Sundown (1939) - Foo Yung
* Two Girls on Broadway (1940) - Ito
* The Letter (1940) - Bartender at Party (uncredited) (final film role)
# Vao

Vao may refer to:
* Vao language, Oceanic language spoken in Vanuatu
* Vao (island), island of Vanuatu
* Vao, Ivory Coast, village in Sassandra-Marahoué District, Ivory Coast
* Vao, New Caledonia, settlement on the Isle of Pines, New Caledonia, France
* Vao, Lääne-Viru County, village in Väike-Maarja Parish, Lääne-Viru County, Estonia
* Vao, Järva County, village in Koeru Parish, Järva County, Estonia
# François Cappus

François Cappus (16?? – Dijon, November 1716) was a French composer.

## Early life

François Cappus was the son of legal counselor, Maitre Blaise Cappus, Bailiff for Parlement at Aix en Provence. He married Anne Hervelin (16?? - Dijon, March 1692). They were buried together in Saint-Etienne church of Dijon. The couple had three sons, among them the composer Jean Cappus, and three daughters.

## Career

Shortly after his death, Cappus was referred to as a ‘good organist who had a healthy appetite, he died at a ripe old age’. He was also a singer at Dijon Cathedral, and was appointed to an official post in 1683 to ‘sing at all the important events’.

## Works

A dozen of his vocal compositions have survived, sometimes erroneously attributed to his son Jean Cappus.

### 1693

Air for 1 singer and continuo
Printemps, gardez-vous bien.

### 1694

Six airs for 1 singer and continuo
Vous estes insensible au tourment,
Je meurs (bis) tous les jours,
Quand, pressé par l'excès,
Amour, avant que ma constance,
Taisez-vous (bis) tendres mouvements,
Que ces vastes forests solitaires.
Two airs
Que l'amour est charmant, for three voices,
Quand le feu fait sentir, for one singer with a recitative for bass “air à boire”.

### 1699

Four airs
Vous cachez avec soin vos peines,
Pour n'être point pilotte téméraire,
Reviens, affreux Hyver,
Que l'amour est charmant et doux, for three voices.
s.d. Air
Vous cachez avec soin vos peines, bergers…

### 1700

Henrici Julii Borboni primi é Regio Sanguine principis laudes, Ballet en deux parties, mêlé de chant
Three airs
Que Bacchus est charmant !, air à boire
Voulez-vous savoir qui des deux, air à boire
Le berger Tircis, vaux-de-ville.
# Umm al-Hajjaj bint Muhammad

Umm al-Hajjaj bint Muhammad (Arabic: أم الحجاج بنت محمد) was the famous principal wife of the ninth Umayyad caliph Yazid II and mother of eleventh Umayyad caliph Al-Walid II.

## Biography

Her full name was Umm al-Hajjaj bint Muhammad ibn Yusuf al-Thaqafi, she belonged to Thaqafi tribe.
Yazid established marital ties to the family of al-Hajjaj ibn Yusuf (d. 714), the powerful viceroy of Iraq for his father, Caliph Abd al-Malik, and brother, al-Walid I (r. 705–715). He married al-Hajjaj's niece, Umm al-Hajjaj, the daughter of Muhammad ibn Yusuf al-Thaqafi. During her uncle's lifetime, she gave birth to Yazid's sons: al-Hajjaj, who died young, and al-Walid II, who became caliph in 743.
Umm al-Hajjaj became very influential wife of Yazid II. Her second son al-Walid, who was born in 709, was considered a candidate to the Caliphate throne.
Her husband, Yazid II died of tuberculosis in Irbid, a town in the Balqa subdistrict of Jund Dimashq (the military division of Damascus corresponding to Transjordan) on 24 Sha'ban 105 AH (26 January 724). His son al-Walid or half-brother Hisham led his funeral prayers. Yazid had intended to appoint al-Walid as his immediate successor but was persuaded by Maslama ibn Abd al-Malik to appoint Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik, followed by al-Walid.
Umm al-Hajjaj died during her husband reign or during her reign of brother-in law Hisham.
# 4-Chlorophenylisobutylamine

4-Chlorophenylisobutylamine (4-CAB, AEPCA), also known as 4-chloro-α-ethylphenethylamine, is an entactogen and stimulant drug of the phenethylamine, amphetamine, and phenylisobutylamine families. It is an analogue of para-chloroamphetamine (PCA) where the alpha position methyl has been replaced with an ethyl group.
In comparison to PCA, 4-CAB is approximately 2- and 5-fold less potent at inhibiting the reuptake of serotonin (IC$_{50}$ = 330 nM) and dopamine (IC$_{50}$ = 2,343 nM), respectively, and is about 3-fold less potent in substituting for MDMA in animals in drug discrimination assays. Though its dopaminergic activity is significantly attenuated compared to PCA, unlike the case of MBDB, it is not abolished, and is actually similar to that of MDMA.
Relative to PCA, 4-CAB is also substantially less effective as a serotonergic neurotoxin. A single 10 mg/kg administration of PCA to rats produces an approximate 80% decrease in serotonin markers as observed 1 week later. In contrast, 11 mg/kg and 22 mg/kg doses of 4-CAB result in only 20% and 50% decreases, respectively. This is once again similar to MDMA which causes a 40-60% reduction with a single 20 mg/kg dose.
# Namjeju County

Namjeju County (Namjeju-gun; "South Jeju County") was a county in Jeju Province, South Korea until July 1, 2006 when it was merged with Seogwipo City.
# Aydinlu

Aydinlu (Persian: ايدينلو) may refer to:
* Aydinlu, East Azerbaijan
* Aydinlu, West Azerbaijan
# Tregubov

Tregubov (Russian: Трегу́бов) is a Russian masculine surname, its feminine counterpart is Tregubova. It may refer to:
* Aleksey Tregubov (born 1971), Belarusian cross-country skier
* Ivan Tregubov (1930–1992), Russian ice hockey defenceman
* Maria Tregubova (born 1984), Moldovan swimmer
* Nikita Tregubov (born 1995), Russian skeleton racer
* Pavel Tregubov (born 1971), Russian chess grandmaster
* Viktor Tregubov (born 1965), Russian weightlifter
* Vitali Tregubov (born 1974), Kazakhstani ice hockey defenceman
* Yelena Tregubova (born 1973), Russian journalist
* Yuri Tregubov (1913–2000), Russian writer