OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# GNATS

GNATS is the GNU project's issue-tracking software.
GNATS is a set of tools for tracking bugs reported by users to a central site. It allows problem report management and communication with users via various means. GNATS stores all the information about problem reports in its databases and provides tools for querying, editing, and maintenance of the databases.
GNATS is free software, distributed under the terms of the GNU General Public License.

## Usage

GNATS is used by GNU packages and NetBSD. The Apache Software Foundation used the software from 1996 to 2002, and the Mutt project until 2006. It is also used, or was used in the past, by the FreeBSD Project, OpenBSD, Juniper Networks, Nordic Optical Telescope, CERN, Green Bank Telescope, NRAO AIPS++, European Software Institute, and the BaBar Project at SLAC.
In early June 2014, FreeBSD announced concrete plans to migrate from GNATS to Bugzilla, claiming that Bugzilla supports finer granularity for categories and keywords. Furthermore, the announcement states that GNATS is missing many features that people expect from a modern bug tracker.
It has been described as having been "the cornerstone" of free software bug-tracking systems.

## History

GNATS was written by Heinz G. Seidl of Cygnus Solutions, inspired by BSD Unix's sendbug and filebug programs, and had its first stable release in 1992. Initially, its only interface was via email, but multiple web and graphical interfaces were later added. During the 1990s, other Cygnus employees rewrote it, and a further major rewrite was done for release 4, with other features contributed by users.
Although GNATS is still in use, development slowed since the 4.1 release in 2005. Several changes lingered in the developers' source code repository, and a 4.2 release was discussed in 2012 but no official release was made until some further development, leading to release 4.2.0 on 28 February 2015.

## Features

Built as a client-server architecture, GNATS works with many interfaces (described below) including email, command line, and web interfaces. All GNATS databases and configuration can be stored in plain text files, which helps in the modularity of GNATS. Categorisation and recategorisation of bug reports is particularly simple.

## Interfaces

Four official interfaces exist for GNATS:

### Gnatsweb

    A Web interface to query and open tickets, with GNATS running as a background process (a "daemon")

### Emacs GNATS mode

    An extension (a "major mode") for GNU Emacs and XEmacs allowing direct access to GNAT issue-trackers

### send-pr / edit-pr / query-pr

    The traditional command line interface to create, edit, and query Problem Reports

### TkGnats

    A cross-platform application, written in the Tcl/Tk language
Apart from these, custom ones can be developed such as OpenBSD's sendbug interface which collects system information and submits Problem Reports via email.
# Geumseonsa

Geumseonsa (Korean: 금선사) is a Buddhist temple of the Jogye Order in Seoul, South Korea. Believed to have been established before 1405, it is located in 196-1 Gugi-dong in the Jongno District area of the city, in Bukhansan National Park.
# Ryu Hyun-woo (golfer)

Ryu Hyun-woo (Korean: 류현우; born 8 September 1981) is a South Korean professional golfer.
Ryu has played on the Korean Tour, the OneAsia Tour since 2010 and the Japan Golf Tour since 2012. He won on the Japan Golf Tour in September 2012 at the Coca-Cola Tokai Classic. He won the 2013 GS Caltex Maekyung Open, co-sanctioned by the OneAsia Tour and the Korean Tour.

## Professional wins (4)
### Japan Golf Tour wins (2)

| No. | Date | Tournament | Winning score | Margin of victory | Runner(s)-up |
| 1 | 30 Sep 2012 | Coca-Cola Tokai Classic | −6 (71-73-67-71=282) | Playoff | Shingo Katayama |
| 2 | 3 Sep 2017 | Fujisankei Classic | −3 (72-69-71-69=281) | Playoff | Seungsu Han, Satoshi Kodaira |
Japan Golf Tour playoff record (2–1)
| No. | Year | Tournament | Opponent(s) | Result |
| 1 | 2012 | Coca-Cola Tokai Classic | Shingo Katayama | Won with par on first extra hole |
| 2 | 2017 | Fujisankei Classic | Seungsu Han, Satoshi Kodaira | Won with par on first extra hole |
| 3 | 2024 | ACN Championship | Takumi Kanaya | Lost to birdie on first extra hole |

### OneAsia Tour wins (1)

| No. | Date | Tournament | Winning score | Margin of victory | Runners-up |
| 1 | 12 May 2013 | GS Caltex Maekyung Open$^1$ | −14 (72-65-67-70=274) | 1 stroke | Kim Do-hoon, Kim Hyung-sung |
$^1$Co-sanctioned by the Korean Tour

### Korean Tour wins (2)

| No. | Date | Tournament | Winning score | Margin of victory | Runner(s)-up |
| 1 | 18 Oct 2009 | Shinhan Donghae Open | −10 (68-70-68=206)* | 1 stroke | Kim Dae-hyun |
| 2 | 12 May 2013 | GS Caltex Maekyung Open$^1$ | −14 (72-65-67-70=274) | 1 stroke | Kim Do-hoon, Kim Hyung-sung |
*Note: The 2009 Shinhan Donghae Open was shortened to 54 holes due to weather. $^1$Co-sanctioned by the OneAsia Tour
Korean Tour playoff record (0–1)
| No. | Year | Tournament | Opponent | Result |
| 1 | 2018 | SK Telecom Open | Kwon Sung-yeol | Lost to birdie on second extra hole |

## Results in World Golf Championships

| Tournament | 2017 |
| Championship | |
| Match Play | |
| Invitational | |
| Champions | T24 |
"T" = Tied
# Population White Paper

A Sustainable Population for a Dynamic Singapore: Population White Paper, or simply known as the Population White Paper (PWP), is a controversial white paper released by the government of Singapore in January 2013 that projects Singapore's population as 6.9 million by the year 2030.

## Content

The PWP projects an increase of 1.6 million people from 2013, or an average of 100,000 more people in Singapore each year. The PWP argued that up to 30,000 new permanent residents and 25,000 naturalized citizens each year are needed to sustain Singapore's population due to the falling birth rates in Singapore.
It also justified immigration and presence of foreign workers as helping local businesses thrive and "create good jobs for Singaporeans".
The PWP also included additional measures to encourage marriage and increase the birth rate. The motion was passed in Parliament to endorse the PWP by 77 votes to 13 (the 13 opponents included all members of the opposition and three nominated MPs), albeit after amendments made to leave out "population policy" and add focus on infrastructure and transport development.

## Political reactions

Several parties opposing the PWP have taken it to be a targeted increase of Singapore's population to 6.9 million. Inderjit Singh of People's Action Party spoke against the white paper and rebutted Minister of National Development Khaw Boon Wan's analogy of catering for guests to a wedding banquet.
In an 8 February 2013 speech in support of the White Paper, Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong said that he expected the 2030 population to be "significantly below" the 6.9 million figure, but that 6 million would not be enough, because of the declining birth rate and the needs of aging people.

## Criticism

Citizens reacted to the PWP with shock and anger, and this has led to the largest public protest ever organized in Singapore's history.
Many Singaporeans have attributed the government's population and immigration policy as the cause of overcrowding and falling reliability of its public transportation system, increasing property prices for housing, suppressed wage level, increased competition for jobs (especially for professionals, managers, executives and technicians) and education, increasing income inequality and other social problems. Academics have also criticized the PWP as being "overly mechanistic, economically simplistic and astonishingly sociologically and politically naive". The PWP became one of the largest political issues in the 2015 general elections.
# Seo Jong-ho

Seo Jong-ho (born 20 June 1980) is a South Korean former field hockey player who competed in the 2000 Summer Olympics, the 2004 Summer Olympics, the 2008 Summer Olympics and the 2012 Summer Olympics.
# Jean-François Dandrieu

Jean-François Dandrieu, also spelled D'Andrieu (c. 1682 – 17 January 1738) was a French Baroque composer, harpsichordist and organist.

## Biography

He was born in Paris into a family of artists and musicians. A gifted and precocious child, he gave his first public performances when he was 5 years old, playing the harpsichord for King Louis XIV of France, and his court. These concerts marked the beginning of Dandrieu's very successful career as harpsichordist and organist. He was a student of Jean-Baptiste Moreau. In 1700, aged 18, he started playing the organ at the Saint-Merri church in Paris (a post previously occupied by Nicolas Lebègue) and became its titular organist in 1705. At some point in 1706 he was a member of the panel of judges who examined Jean-Philippe Rameau's skills to appoint him organist of the Sainte-Madeleine en la Cité church (incidentally, a post Rameau declined). In 1721 he was appointed one of the four organists of the Chapelle royale of France. In 1733, he succeeded his uncle, the organist and priest Pierre Dandrieu (1664–1733) to become the organist of the (now destroyed) church of St Barthélémy in the Île de la Cité, a post he combined with duties at Saint-Merri (also known as Saint-Médéric). He died in Paris in 1738, and was succeeded at the organ of St Barthélemy by his sister, Jeanne-Françoise.
The works published during his lifetime include the following collections:
* Livre de sonates en trio, trio sonatas (1705)
* Two Livres de sonates à violon seul, sonatas for solo violin (1710 and 1720)
* Les caractères de la guerre, instrumental concerts (1718, a revised version published in 1733)
* Three little harpsichord collections (1705) and three great ones (1724, 1728 and 1734)
A volume of organ noëls, which revised and enlarged a similar book published by his uncle, Pierre Dandrieu in 1714 (rev. in the 1720s). This was published posthumously by sister, Jeanne-Françoise, in 1759. Dandrieu also published an academic treatise on accompaniment (Principes de l'accompagnement) in 1718, which now serves as an important source of information on the musical practice of the era.
Dandrieu's harpsichord writing is reminiscent of that of François Couperin, but with more effective use of counterpoint, which reminds the listener of German Baroque music. The strict traditional suite "à la Froberger" is abandoned in his works, many dance movements replaced with the so-called pièces de caractère, pieces with descriptive titles that were common in French music of the 18th century. Dandrieu's harpsichord oeuvre is, after those of François Couperin and Jean-Nicolas Geoffroy, the most important in terms of sheer quantity of pieces.
# Louis-Antoine Dornel

Louis-Antoine Dornel (30 March 1680 in Presles, Val-d'Oise near (Beaumont-sur-Oise) – 22 July 1757) was a French composer, harpsichordist, organist and violinist.

## Biography

Dornel was probably taught by the organist Nicolas Lebègue. He was appointed organist at the church of Sainte-Marie-Madeleine-en-la-Cité in 1706, where he took over from François d'Agincourt. He was runner-up in the competition for the post to Jean-Philippe Rameau, who eventually refused the terms set by the church authorities. He occupied several organist posts in Paris over a period from 1714 to 1748. In 1719 he was appointed to the abbey of Sainte-Geneviève, following the death of André Raison.
From 1725 to 1742, Dornel was appointed successor to du Boussetto as the music master of the Académie Française. He was required to compose a large-scale motet for choir and orchestra to be performed by the Académie each year on the feast of Saint Louis (August 25), but none survive. Dornel's works for harpsichord and for organ were well regarded at the time, the Mercure de France stating that they were "fort estimées et de très facile exécution" (well regarded and easy to play).
We know little more about the rest of his career, other than that his last surviving organ manuscript is dated 1756. A hand written inscription on the cover gives his birth and death date as 1691 and 1765.
As Dornel was not a salaried court musician, he had to respond to the tastes of the concert societies set up by the French aristocracy, and in particular to the popularity of the sonata form promoted by the Italian-educated Marc-Antoine Charpentier, as well as traditional suites of French dances.

## Works

His surviving work includes:
* four books of chamber music - Livre de simphonies contenant six suites en trio avec une sonate en quatuor (1709), Sonates à violon seul et suites pour la flûte traversière avec la basse (1711), Sonates en trio pour les flûtes allemandes, violons, hautbois (1713), and Concerts de simphonies (1723);
* a collection of pieces for harpsichord (1731) filled with pieces of character - miniature movements with evocative titles beloved by the bourgeoisie as made popular by Couperin;
* vocal music entitled airs sérieux, published by Ballard in 1706;
* four cantatas, and a series of unpublished organ pieces.
He was also author of a book of music theory published 1745: Le tour du clavier sur tous les tons.

## Dornel organ pieces

A series of unpublished organ pieces (c. 1756) survive in manuscript (Bibliothèque Ste-Geneviève, Paris), and were published by Norbert Dufourcq in 1965 (ed. Schola Cantorum, Paris).
# Seo Young-woo

Seo Young-woo (Korean: 서영우, born 27 October 1991) is a South Korean bobsledder who competes as the brakeman for the two-man bobsled piloted by Won Yun-jong as well as a push crewman for the four-man bobsled also piloted by Won Yun-jong.

## Career

Seo previously competed in track & field as a high school athlete. As a freshman at Sungkyul University, he was selected for the South Korean national bobsleigh team in early 2010 and made his first international appearance at the North American Cup in Park City in November 2010.
Seo competed at the 2014 Winter Olympics for South Korea. He teamed with pilot Won Yun-jong in the South Korea-1 sled in the two-man event, finishing 18th, and with Won, Jun Jung-lin and Suk Young-jin in the four-man, finishing 20th.
His best showing at the IBSF World Championships is fifth, in the two-man event in 2015.
Seo made his World Cup debut in December 2010, as a brakeman for mediocre driver Kang Kwang-bae. After a couple of rocky seasons with different pilots, Seo temporarily quit bobsleigh to focus on studying in college. Seo teamed up with promising pilot Won Yun-jong in 2013 when Seo returned to the national team, and his team outperformed expectations. Following a respectable 11th-place finish in 2014–15 World Cup season series, Seo & Won became the overall champion in the 2015–2016 World Cup season, clinching five medals including two gold medals at Whistler and Konigssee.
Their performances gradually deteriorated in the 2016–17 season when the duo began to use the domestic sled that was manufactured by the Hyundai Motor Company, South Korea's largest automaker. Seo and Won never stood on a podium in any race during the World Cup series and dipped to an IBSF ranking of 46th. Prior to the 2018 Winter Olympics, the duo eventually decided to use Larvia's BTC sled again that they became the World Cup overall champion with.
Seo along with pilot Won placed sixth out of 30 teams in the two-man event at the 2018 Winter Olympics in Pyeongchang on February 19, recording an overall time of 3:17.40 in four runs. Although they failed to win a medal, it was the best Olympic result by an Asian bobsleigh team. The following week, on February 25, the South Korean four-man team of Seo, Won, Kim Dong-hyun and Jun Jung-lin won a surprising silver medal in the four-man event, tying with a German team led by Nico Walther. With the silver medal, South Korea became the first Asian nation to claim an Olympic medal in a bobsleigh event.

## Filmography
### Television show

| Year | Title | Role | Notes | Ref. |
| 2023 | World's First Merchant | Contestant | Season 2 | |
# Nicolas Siret

Nicolas Siret (3 March 1663 – 22 June 1754) was a French baroque composer, organist and harpsichordist. He was born and died in Troyes, France, where he worked as organist in the Church of Saint Jean and the Cathedral of Saint Peter and Saint Paul. Both his grandfather and his father were organists in Troyes.
Siret was a friend and admirer of François Couperin, and his first collection of harpsichord pieces, published approximately in 1709, was dedicated to Couperin. The suites of this collection all begin with a French overture, following the tradition established by Jean-Baptiste Lully. Siret's second volume of harpsichord pieces (Second livre de pièces de clavecin, published in 1719) was, along with Couperin's L'art de toucher le clavecin, one of the last publications to include unmeasured preludes. Siret also wrote some "pièces de caractère" (pieces of descriptive character, not dances), stylistically reminiscent of Couperin, and a single organ work by him survives, Fugue primi toni.
# Sand River (Limpopo)

The Sand River or Polokwane River (Afrikaans: Sandrivier) is a watercourse in Limpopo Province, South Africa, a right hand tributary of the Limpopo River. Its new name "Polokwane River" is homonymous with the name of the town of Polokwane, formerly Pietersburg, about 200 kilometres (120 mi) upriver from its mouth. The Sand River flows by the western edge of this town.

## Course

It has its source south of Mokopane and flows northwards across central Limpopo Province until it cuts across the Soutpansberg through a deep gorge, the Waterpoort. Then it meanders northwards across the Lowveld until it joins the right bank of the Limpopo 7 kilometres (4 mi) east of Musina. Although considered a perennial stream it is often dry in the winter.
The veld in the Sand River basin has suffered much degradation, mainly due to overgrazing. There are some wetland zones in the basin. These areas are an important ecosystem for certain rare or endangered plants, as well as frog and bird species. There are 18 mines in the Sand River basin.

### Dams and tributaries

The only relatively large dam in the Sand River basin is the Mathala Dam, also known as Houtrivier Dam, on the Hout River, a left hand tributary of the Sand. The Diep River meets the right bank of the Sand River northeast of Polokwane town. The Mulaudzi River, also known as "Blood River", joins the Sand River from the left just north of Polokwane. The Seshego Dam is a small dam on the Mulaudzi. The Brak River is an intermittent stream flowing between the Blouberg and the Soutpansberg, joining the left bank of the Sand River about 35 kilometres (22 mi) from the Limpopo River.
# Shin Se-gye

Shin Se-Gye (Korean: 신세계; born 16 September 1990) is a South Korean football player, who plays for Suwon FC.

## Club career

Shin, having spent his youth career at Sungkyunkwan University, entered the 2011 K-League draft intake, and was selected by Suwon Bluewings for the 2011 season. His professional debut came in week five of the K-League, against Jeonbuk Hyundai Motors. In a goalless draw, Shin finished the match with a yellow card. A little over a month later, in Suwon's final group game of the 2011 AFC Champions League, against Chinese Super League club Shanghai Shenhua F.C., Lee scored his first goal, helping Suwon to a 3–0 win.
# Diego Suárez Corvín

Diego Suárez Corvín, also known as Diego Suárez Montañés or el Montañés (Urbiés, Asturias, 1552 - Valencia, 1623) was a Spanish soldier and writer. His chronicles of the battles fought by the governor of Oran, Galcerán Borja, against the Muslims in defense of Oran have interest in that the facts are contemporary with the imprisonment of Miguel de Cervantes in Algiers.
A modern edition of his manuscript account Historia del maestre último que fué de Montesa y de su hermano Don Felipe de Borja, la manera como gobernaron las memerables plaças de Orán was edited and published in Madrid 1889.
# Al Adib

Al Adib (Arabic: مجلة الأديب, lit. 'The Man of Letters') was a literary magazine which was based in Beirut, Lebanon. It was founded and edited by the Lebanese poet Albert Adib, and its title was a reference to his surname. The magazine existed between 1942 and 1983.

## History and profile

Al Adib was started in Beirut in January 1942. Its founder and editor was the poet Albert Adib. In addition to literary work, Al Adib covered articles on arts, science, politics and sociology. The magazine supported modernism and became an outlet for intellectuals from different backgrounds. The magazine supported the view that poems should not be necessarily dependent on meter encouraging prose-like poems.
Al Adib folded after the publication of the issue dated August–December 1983. Some of its issues were archived by the Palestinian Museum.

## Contributors

Al Adib featured articles not only by Lebanese writers, but also by other Arab figures from various countries. Their ideological origins were not homogenous. However, they all had the belief that individual rights were the cornerstone of the civic order.
Its major Lebanese contributors included Raif Khoury, Omar Fakhoury, Elias Abu Shabaki, Elias Khalil Zakharia, Michel Trad and Gabriel Jabbour. Other regular contributors were Wadih Palestine from Egypt, Edmond Rabbath from Syria Issa Naouri, and Thurayyā Malḥas, from Jordan. In the first issue dated January 1942 the Lebanese journalist Gebran Andraos Tueni published an article in which he argued that not dictatorial rules but democratic states should be supported. Poet Salah Al Asir published a controversial article in 1944 in Al Adib in which he developed a categorization of the contemporary Arab poets by their country of origin. However, he did not mention any poet of the Palestinian origin in the list. Another contributor Ishaq Musa Al Husseini argued that access to the Palestinian poets and other literary figures was not easy for readers due to the fact that they did not publish books, but limited their contributions to certain magazines.
# Eduardo Valencia Ospina

Eduardo Valencia Ospina (born 19 September, 1939) is a Colombian lawyer and former international civil servant. Valencia Ospina holds an LL.M. from Harvard Law School (1963), where he specialized in international law and was also a Special Graduate Studies student from 1963 to 1964. He also holds a PhD in Juridical Sciences and a PhD in Economic Sciences from the Pontificia Universidad Javeriana in Bogotá, Colombia.

## Biography

Born into a wealthy Cali family, Valencia Ospina worked at the United Nations for 36 years before retiring in the year 2000 with the rank of Assistant-Secretary-General. He was Senior Legal Officer at the Office of Legal Affairs, and, most notably, was the Registrar (secretary-general) of the International Court of Justice from 1987 to 2000. He was the second-longest serving registrar of the ICJ. In November 2016, Valencia Ospina was elected to serve for a third term as a member of the International Law Commission. At the ILC, Valencia Ospina served as First Vice-Chair during its 69th session in 2017 and as Chair during its 70th session in 2018. In 2007, he was appointed Special Rapporteur for the report on the "Protection of persons in the event of disasters". The Commission adopted the resulting "Draft articles on the protection of persons in the event of disasters" in 2016. The draft articles were subsequently submitted to the United Nations General Assembly and put on its agenda.
Valencia Ospina is a former president of the Latin American Society of International Law. He also served on the board of several international law journals, including the Journal of International Dispute Settlement. Most notably, he was the Editor In Chief of The Law and Practice of International Courts and Tribunals. Ospina is also an international arbitrator and counsel in cases before the ICJ. Most notably, he is a counsel for Colombia in the maritime border dispute case with Nicaragua, which began in 2001. In October 2022, Ospina was designated by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Colombia as the lead counsel.