OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Helge Mehre

Helge Mehre MBE DSO DFC (1 February 1911 – 17 September 1997) was a Norwegian military officer.

## Personal life

Mehre was born in Narvik as son of veterinarian Karl Georg Mehre and Helga Olrik. He married Eva Østgaard in 1952. They resided at Strand. He died in September 1997 in Oslo.

## Career

During World War II Mehre was in command of the No. 332 Squadron RAF in 1942, and served with the No. 132 Wing RAF from 1943 to 1945. His war decorations included the War Cross with Sword, the Defence Medal 1940–1945, the War Medal, the Haakon VII 70th Anniversary Medal, the British Distinguished Service Order and Distinguished Flying Cross, and the American Distinguished Flying Cross. He was promoted to major general in 1959.
From 1963 he was head of the Air Command Sør-Norge. He was head of the Norwegian Joint Staff College from 1971 to 1972. From 1973 to 1976 he was commander of Akershus Fortress. His memoir book Spitfire. En beretning om den 132. norske jagerwing i den 2. verdenskrig. was published in 1982.
He was also decorated with the Order of the British Empire, as a Commander of the Order of the Sword and the Order of Orange-Nassau.

## Selected works

* Spitfire. En beretning om den 132. norske jagerwing i den 2. verdenskrig. 1982.
* Flyvåpnene i den 2. verdenskrig. Jagerflyene. 1985.
# Cal Lane

Cal Lane (born 1968) is a Canadian sculptor, known for creating delicate, lacy sculptures out of industrial steel products.

## Early life and education

Lane was born in Halifax, Nova Scotia in 1968 and raised on Vancouver Island, where she trained as a hairdresser and a welder. She has a bachelor's degree from the Nova Scotia College of Art and Design and a Master of Fine Arts from the State University of New York at Purchase.

## Art

Cal Lane uses a plasma cutter or an oxy-acetylene torch to cut intricate patterns into industrial steel products.
Lane's work is often described in terms of dichotomy or contrast. Fred A. Bernstein wrote in The New York Times: "The work is about the contrasts between the industrial and the fanciful, the opaque and the transparent." Writing for Sculpture magazine, Robin Peck said: "The dialectic is obvious: industrial versus domestic, strong versus delicate, masculine versus feminine, functional versus decorative." Lori Zimmer wrote: "Lane enjoys pushing the dichotomy of feminine and masculine by combining patterns of domesticity with these cold, harsh symbols of masculine blue collar labor."

## Exhibitions

* 2004 Dirt Lace, Wynick/Tuck Gallery
* 2007 Radical Lace & Subversive Knitting Museum of Arts and Design
* 2008 DeCordova Museum and Sculpture Park
* 2010 Sweet Crude, Art Gallery of Mississauga; Southern Alberta Art Gallery
* 2015 Veiled Hoods and Stains, Yukon Arts Centre
* 2016 Sharjah Art Museum

## Selected public collections

* Beaverbrook Art Galery, Fredericton;"Article". beaverbrookartgallery.org. Beaverbrook Art Gallery. Retrieved 26 August 2024.

## Awards

* 2001 International Sculpture Center's Outstanding Student Achievement in Contemporary Sculpture
* 2006 Socrates Sculpture Park Fellowship
* 2007 Joseph S. Stauffer Prize
# Nyamjang Chu

The Nyamjang Chu, or Nyashang Chu (Tibetan: ཉ་བཤང་ཆུ, Wylie: nya bshang chu, THL: nya shang chu) is a cross-border perennial river that originates in the Shannan Prefecture of Tibet and flows into the Arunachal Pradesh state of India, joining the Tawang Chu river just before it enters Bhutan. The Nyamjang Chu valley has provided the traditional communication route between Tawang and Tibet. The valley near the town of Zemithang in the Tawang district, called the Pangchen Valley, is known for its serene beauty and forms one of the wintering locations for the black-necked crane.
The China–India border in the valley has been contested between the two countries since the 1950s, resulting in a clash at the Namka Chu in 1962 and a standoff at the Sumdorong Chu in 1986.

## Course

The Nyamjang Chu river originates in the snow-clad peaks of the eastern Himalayas, north of Taga in the Chudromo township of the Tsona County, at an elevation of 5,400 m (17,700 ft). Frederick Bailey and Henry Morshead, explored the region in 1913. They crossed into the valley of Nyamjang Chu from that of Nye Chu via the Hor La pass. They give the name of the village as Gyao, which appears to be an older name of Taga. The land at this elevation was only good for grazing. The shepherds lit sheep-dung fires around the campsites to protect their flocks from the wolves.
From this location, Nyamjang Chu flows southwards for about 85 kilometres (53 mi) in Tibet, passing by several towns such as Chudromo, Dongkar, Gongri, Kyipa, Marmang and Le.
South of Le (also spelt Lei and Lai), the river enters India at a location called Khinzemane at an elevation of 2,220 m (7,280 ft). The stream of Sumdorong Chu from the left and the river of Namka Chu from the right join the river in this area. The border in this area has been disputed between India and China.
The course of the river in India is through a steep gorge lined by dense mixed forest. The valley widens near Zemithang, where it is called the Pangchen valley. The streams of Sumta Chu (from the right) and Taktsang Chu (from the left) join Nyamjang Chu in this valley.
The river flows mostly southwards in India for 40 km and joins the west-flowing Tawang Chu near Lumla. After the confluence, Tawang Chu enters Bhutan within a short distance where it merges with Kulong Chu to form the Manas River, a major tributary of Brahmaputra.

## Flora and fauna

The Zemithang valley is one of the wintering locations for the black-necked crane, a vulnerable species of which only 4,000 are believed to be alive as of 1996.
# Stanley Insler

Stanley Insler (June 23, 1937 – January 5, 2019) was an American philologist.

## Early life

He was born in New York City on June 23, 1937, to parents Clara and Frank, and attended the Bronx High School of Science until the age of sixteen, when he enrolled at Columbia University. Insler graduated from Columbia College in 1957. He studied at the University of Tübingen from 1960 to 1962, and completed a doctorate at Yale University in 1963. Upon earning his Ph.D Insler joined Yale's faculty, where he was later named the Edward E. Salisbury Professor of Sanskrit and Comparative Philology. Among his many publications are The Gāthās of Zarathustra, Acta Iranica 8 (Tehéran-Lìege: Bibliothèque Pahlavi; Leiden: diffusion E. J. Brill, [1974] 1975), "The Love of Truth in Ancient Iran," Parsiana (September, 1989), 18-20; chapters on “Human Behavior and Good Thinking” and “Zarathustra’s Vision” in An Introduction to the Gathas of Zarathustra, ed. Dina G. McIntyre (Pittsburgh, 1989-90). In 2001, he was elected fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. He was granted emeritus status upon retirement in 2012 and died at Yale–New Haven Hospital on January 5, 2019, aged 81.
# Dymov

Dymov (Russian: Дымов, from дым meaning smoke) is a Russian masculine surname, its feminine counterpart is Dymova. It may refer to
* Osip Dymov, the central character in the story "The Grasshopper" (1892) by Anton Chekhov
* Osip Dymov (writer), pen name of the Russian writer Yosif (Osip) Perelman (1878–1959)
* Sergei Dymov (born 1975), Russian football player
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_Quincy_(AK-10)
# Lehtse Parish

Lehtse Parish (Estonian: Lehtse vald) was a rural municipality of Estonia, in Järva County. The parish existed until 1950. The parish was re-established in 1991. In 2005 the parish was liquidated.
# Ryabovo

Ryabovo (Russian: Рябово) is the name of several inhabited localities in Russia.

## Rural localities

* Ryabovo, Kargopolsky District, Arkhangelsk Oblast, a village in Pechnikovsky Selsoviet of Kargopolsky District in Arkhangelsk Oblast
* Ryabovo, Lensky District, Arkhangelsk Oblast, a village in Ryabovsky Selsoviet of Lensky District in Arkhangelsk Oblast
* Ryabovo, Lukhsky District, Ivanovo Oblast, a selo in Lukhsky District of Ivanovo Oblast
* Ryabovo, Puchezhsky District, Ivanovo Oblast, a village in Puchezhsky District of Ivanovo Oblast
* Ryabovo, Kirov Oblast, a selo in Mukhinsky Rural Okrug of Zuyevsky District in Kirov Oblast; 58°12′N 50°48′E﻿ / ﻿58.200°N 50.800°E﻿ / 58.200; 50.800
* Ryabovo, Vyborgsky District, Leningrad Oblast, a settlement under the administrative jurisdiction of Primorskoye Settlement Municipal Formation in Vyborgsky District of Leningrad Oblast; 60°21′N 28°59′E﻿ / ﻿60.350°N 28.983°E﻿ / 60.350; 28.983
* Ryabovo, Nizhny Novgorod Oblast, a village in Gorevsky Selsoviet of Koverninsky District in Nizhny Novgorod Oblast; 57°20′N 44°3′E﻿ / ﻿57.333°N 44.050°E﻿ / 57.333; 44.050
* Ryabovo, Novgorod Oblast, a village in Togodskoye Settlement of Kholmsky District in Novgorod Oblast
* Ryabovo, Gdovsky District, Pskov Oblast, a village in Gdovsky District of Pskov Oblast
* Ryabovo, Kunyinsky District, Pskov Oblast, a village in Kunyinsky District of Pskov Oblast
* Ryabovo, Ostrovsky District, Pskov Oblast, a village in Ostrovsky District of Pskov Oblast
* Ryabovo, Pskovsky District, Pskov Oblast, a village in Pskovsky District of Pskov Oblast
* Ryabovo, Kalyazinsky District, Tver Oblast, a village in Starobislovskoye Rural Settlement of Kalyazinsky District in Tver Oblast
* Ryabovo, Selizharovsky District, Tver Oblast, a village in Yeletskoye Rural Settlement of Selizharovsky District in Tver Oblast
* Ryabovo, Tyumen Oblast, a selo in Ryabovsky Rural Okrug of Vikulovsky District in Tyumen Oblast
* Ryabovo, Krasnogorsky District, Udmurt Republic, a village in Agrikolsky Selsoviet of Krasnogorsky District in the Udmurt Republic
* Ryabovo (selo), Uvinsky District, Udmurt Republic, a selo in Uva-Tuklinsky Selsoviet of Uvinsky District in the Udmurt Republic
* Ryabovo (village), Uvinsky District, Udmurt Republic, a village in Uva-Tuklinsky Selsoviet of Uvinsky District in the Udmurt Republic
* Ryabovo, Belozersky District, Vologda Oblast, a village in Gulinsky Selsoviet of Belozersky District in Vologda Oblast
* Ryabovo, Cherepovetsky District, Vologda Oblast, a village in Batransky Selsoviet of Cherepovetsky District in Vologda Oblast
# Matthew Arranges Things

Matthew Arranges Things (Hungarian: Mátyás rendet csinál) is a 1940 Hungarian comedy film directed by Frigyes Bán and starring Gerö Mály, Margit Lukács and Lili Berky. It was shot at the Hunnia Studios in Budapest. The film's sets were designed by the art director Klára B. Kokas.

## Cast

* Gerö Mály as Mátyás, a portás
* Margit Lukács as Éva, Bálintné lánya
* Lili Berky as Özvegy Bálintné
* László Szilassy as Tom Taylor
* Mici Erdélyi as Mary, Tom menyasszonya
* Nándor Bihary as Bokor Boldizsár, bankár
* Kamill Feleki as Gyuri, hölgyfodrász
* Gyula Köváry as Feltaláló
* László Misoga as Béla, háziszolga
* Emmi Nagy as Mici
* Éva Adorján as A szép vendég
* György Nagyajtay as János, Bálintné fia
* Romola Németh as Panni, János menyasszonya
* Viola Orbán as Jozefin
* Sándor Solymossy as Feri, pincér
* Margit Szathmáry as Antalné
* András Tassy as Antal
* Kató Timár as Tusi, manikûrösnõ
# Conversations on Serious Topics

Conversations on Serious Topics (Lithuanian: Pokalbiai rimtomis temomis) is a 2012 Lithuanian documentary film directed by Giedrė Beinoriūtė. The film was selected as the Lithuanian entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 86th Academy Awards, but it was not nominated.
# Çarşı

Çarşı (Ottoman Turkish: Çarşu) is a Turkish word meaning bazaar (or rather, an open market area), and may refer to:
* Çarşı (supporter group)
* Çarşı, Beşiktaş, the old center of the municipality of Beşiktaş
* Çarşı (Istanbul Metro)
* Çarşı Hamam, Mytilene
* Çarşı (Tram İzmir)
# Atefeh

Atefeh (Persian: عاطفه, lit. 'feelings, affection, kind-hearted'), is a feminine given name of Persian origin.
People with this name include:
* Atefeh Ahmadi (born 2000), Iranian alpine skier
* Atefeh Nabavi, Iranian student activist
* Atefeh Razavi (born 1969), Iranian actress and makeup artist
* Atefeh Riazi, American information technologist
* Atefeh Sahaaleh (1987–2004), Iranian convicted woman, charged with crime after being raped for many years, and then executed
# Thomas Dupré

Thomas Dupré (born 9 June 1974) is a former French tennis player.
Dupré has a career high ATP singles ranking of 229 achieved on 22 July 2002. He also has a career high ATP doubles ranking of 423 achieved on 17 March 2003.
Dupré made his ATP main draw debut at the 2002 Tata Open after qualifying for the singles main draw.
He plays for the TC ARRAS (FRANCE-62) for the season 2024/2025 (PRO B).
# Suse Byk

Suse Byk was born 10 August 1884 in Berlin into a Jewish family of Ukrainian origin.
Suse Byk worked as a theatre and film photographer based in Berlin. Her work is in the Morgan Library & Museum and Museum of Photography, Berlin. She joined the Berlin Photographer Association in 1910. Byk's photographs of Valeska Gert appeared in Fred Hildenbrandt's 1928 book about the dancer.
Byk married writer and journalist Hellmuth Falkenfeld [de] in 1927. She died 10 September 1943 in Manhattan, New York City.
# Volker Goetze

Volker Goetze is a German-born New York based composer, trumpeter and filmmaker. He toured West Africa, Europe and Asia. He is featured on numerous recordings, and recorded with international artists such as Nana Vasconcelos, Lenny Pickett and others. He has also performed with Steve Lacy, Brian Lynch, Peter Kowald, and Craig Handy.
Goetze graduated from the BMI Jazz Composers Workshop in 2007. He was a recipient of a full scholarship by the DAAD, and won 1st prize from the Dr. Konrad Kraemer Culture Award. In 2005 his composition, “Tree”, for large ensemble, was nominated for the BMI Charlie Parker Composition Award. "Tree" has been performed at the Merkin Hall in New York City. Volker Goetze studied with trumpeter Markus Stockhausen at the Hochschule für Musik Köln and Michael Mossmann at the Aaron Copland School of Music in New York City.
In 2007, he signed a record deal with ObliqSound, for a duo project with Ablaye Cissoko, a master Kora-player and singer from Senegal, which Goetze produced. The music was recorded in Africa, and the CD was released in October 2008. Part of the artist’s profit goes to TOSTAN, a human-rights organization in West Africa. In addition, Goetze's large ensemble CD and surround DVD, recorded at the Clive Davis Studio in New York City, will be released soon. Future projects include a multimedia event for a silent movie of Fritz Lang, which will comprise musicians from New York and Senegal, with performances in Dakar and New York.
Goetze co-wrote, directed and co-produced a full-length documentary film about Cissoko, and the role of griots in Africa entitled Griot.
# Socrates programme

The SOCRATES programme was an educational initiative of the European Commission; 31 countries took part. The initial Socrates programme ran from 1994 until 31 December 1999 when it was replaced by the Socrates II programme on 24 January 2000, which ran until 2006. This, in turn, was replaced by the Lifelong Learning Programme 2007–2013.
The countries participating in the programme were the then 25 European Union countries, the then candidate countries Romania and Bulgaria; Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway and Turkey.
The programme is named after the Greek philosopher Socrates.

## Declared aims

* "To strengthen the European dimension of education at all levels"
* "To improve knowledge of European languages"
* "To promote co-operation and mobility throughout education"
* "To encourage innovation in education"
* "To promote equal opportunities in all sectors of education"

## Building blocks

* The Comenius programme – relating to primary and secondary.
* The Erasmus programme – relating to higher.
* The Grundtvig programme – relating to adult education.
* The Lingua programme – relating to education in European languages.
* The Minerva programme – relating to information and communication technology in education.

## European Union-funded language projects

Within the Socrates programme, funded by the European Union Directorates-General: Education and Culture (DG EAC), Information Society and Media (DG INFSO) and the EuropeAid Cooperation Office (DG AIDCO), the promotion and learning of languages is a high priority. Below is a short list of some funded projects:
* ARGuing for Multilingual Motivation in Web 2.0. – ARGuing is a project that addresses two needs by utilizing an Alternate Reality Game; firstly, how to bridge the technological gap between educators and their students and secondly, how to motivate students to understand the benefits of learning languages at a level that impacts on their existing personal lives.
* Autonomous Language Learning The Autonomous Language Learning (ALL) project, is building Blended Learning language courses in four European languages (Turkish, Romanian, Bulgarian and Lithuanian).
* Chain Stories project Young students, in their first year of language learning, can complete creative writing in their mother tongue. They then pass on their story to other schools (in other countries/languages), within a chain, for completion.
* Euromobil is an interactive multimedia language learning and information programme for nine European target languages. The EUROMOBIL project was launched in 1999 with the aim to support student mobility.
* Tool Project Tool for Online and Offline Language Learning (TOOL) project is building Blended Learning language courses in five European languages (Dutch, Estonian, Hungarian, Maltese, Slovene).
* Don't Give Up Motivating adult language learners to complete language courses.
* Lullabies of Europe Collecting the lullabies of Europe to use as a very early learning language resource.
# Technetium (99mTc) tetrofosmin

Technetium ($^{99m}$Tc) tetrofosmin is a drug used in nuclear medicine cardiac imaging. It is sold under the brand name Myoview (GE Healthcare). The radioisotope, technetium-99m, is chelated by two 1,2-bis[di-(2-ethoxyethyl)phosphino]ethane ligands which belong to the group of diphosphines and which are referred to as tetrofosmin.
Tc-99m tetrofosmin is rapidly taken up by myocardial tissue and reaches its maximum level in approximately 5 minutes. About 66% of the total injected dose is excreted within 48 hours after injection (40% urine, 26% feces).
Tc-99m tetrofosmin is indicated for use in scintigraphic imaging of the myocardium under stress and rest conditions. It is used to determine areas of reversible ischemia and infarcted tissue in the heart. It is also indicated to detect changes in perfusion induced by pharmacologic stress (adenosine, lexiscan, dobutamine or persantine) in patients with coronary artery disease. Its third indication is to assess left ventricular function (ejection fraction) in patients thought to have heart disease. No contraindications are known for use of Tc-99m tetrofosmin, but care should be taken to constantly monitor the cardiac function in patients with known or suspected coronary artery disease. Patients should be encouraged to void their bladders as soon as the images are gathered, and as often as possible after the tests to decrease their radiation doses, since the majority of elimination is renal.
The recommended dose of Tc-99m tetrofosmin is between 5 and 33 millicuries (185-1221 megabecquerels). For a two-dose stress/rest dosing, the typical dose is normally a 10 mCi dose, followed one to four hours later by a dose of 30 mCi. Imaging normally begins 15 minutes following injection.
# Phyllis Holtby

Phyllis Holtby (December 10, 1906 – March 21, 1993) was a Canadian musician and educator.
The daughter of John Hamilton Holtby and Annie Walker, she was born in Winnipeg and studied there with Bernard Naylor and Eva Clare, in New York City with Sigismond Stojowski and Ernest Hutcheson and in Duluth with Frank Mannheimer. Holtby also studied harpsichord in Winnipeg. She performed with the CBC Winnipeg Orchestra, the Duluth Symphony Orchestra and the Grand Forks Symphony Orchestra. She also gave piano and harpsichord recitals and performed on CBC Radio. She lectured on pedagogy at the University of North Dakota and was an examiner for the University of Manitoba. From 1971 to 1974, she was president of the Manitoba Registered Music Teachers' Association.
In 1988, she was named Woman of the Year for Manitoba in the arts category by the Winnipeg YM-YWCA.
Her students included Rémi Bouchard, Scott Baker, Thelma Harper, Peggy Kennedy, Kevin Kowal, Arlene Powell, Margaret Randell, Rupert Ross, Tom Stevenson (the first Canadian First Nations person to receive the Associate of The Royal Conservatory (ARCT)) and June Stinson.
Holtby died in Winnipeg at the age of 86.
# Edward Stanley (surgeon)

Edward Stanley (3 July 1793 – 24 May 1862) was an English surgeon.

## Biography

Stanley was the son of Edward Stanley, who was in business in the city of London, was born on 3 July 1793, his mother being the sister of Thomas Blizard, surgeon to the London Hospital. He was entered at Merchant Taylors' School in April 1802, and remained there until 1808, when he was apprenticed to Thomas Ramsden, one of the surgeons at St. Bartholomew's Hospital. Ramsden died in 1810, and Stanley was turned over to John Abernethy to serve the remainder of his time. He was admitted a member of the College of Surgeons in 1814, and gained the Jacksonian prize in 1815. He was elected assistant surgeon to St. Bartholomew's Hospital on 29 Jan. 1816, at the early age of 24. Even during his apprenticeship he had rendered important services to the medical school of the hospital, for his love of morbid anatomy led him, with Abernethy's assistance and approval, to enlarge the museum so greatly that he practically created it. He acted for a time as demonstrator of anatomy, but in 1826 he was appointed to lecture upon this subject on Abernethy's resignation. He continued to lecture until 1848, when he was succeeded by Frederic Carpenter Skey. Stanley was elected to the post of full surgeon in 1838, and he then rapidly became famous as a clinical teacher of great power. He was elected a fellow of the Royal Society in 1830.
At the Royal College of Surgeons he held in succession the most important offices. He was elected a life member of the council in 1832, Arris and Gale professor of human anatomy and physiology in 1835, Hunterian orator in 1839, a member of the court of examiners in 1844, and president in 1848 and again in 1857. He was appointed surgeon-extraordinary to the queen in 1858, and he was president of the Royal Medical and Chirurgical Society as early as 1843.
Stanley resigned his post of surgeon to St. Bartholomew's Hospital in 1861, but he regularly attended the weekly operations on Saturdays until 24 May 1862, when he was attacked by cerebral hæmorrhage while watching an operation, and died an hour later. Stanley was one of the most sagacious teachers and judicious practitioners of his day. He was a blunt, kindly, humorous, straightforward, and honest man.
He published:
* ‘Illustrations of the Effects of Disease and Injury of the Bones,’ with descriptive and explanatory statements, plates, London, folio, 1849. A series of coloured plates splendidly executed, drawn from original preparations, most of which are still extant.
* ‘A Treatise on Diseases of the Bones,’ 8vo, London, 1849. An edition was also published in the same year at Philadelphia. These two classical works represented for many years all that was known of the pathology of the subject of bone disease.
* ‘A Manual of Practical Anatomy,’ London, 12mo, 1818; 2nd edit. 1822; 3rd edit. 1826.
* ‘An Account of the Mode of performing the Lateral Operation of Lithotomy,’ plates, 4to, 1829. 5. ‘Hunterian Oration,’ London, 1839.