OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Amiraslan Isgandarov

Amiraslan Alikhan oglu Isgandarov (Azerbaijani: Əmiraslan Əlixan oğlu İsgəndərov; born 1976) was the alleged head of a Salafist group in Baku, Azerbaijan.
From 1999 to 2003, he attended Afghan training camps, and ostensibly studied how to focus on recruiting young female mujahideen. TNT, grenades and detonators were seized during the arrest.
The Ministry of National Security released a press notice claiming that Isgandarov "engaged in anti-Azerbaijan campaign [sic] among representatives of ethnic minorities instilling hosility and hatred towards Azerbaijan", and accused him of trying to form a "Jamaat" or army.

## Trial

After a closed trial, Azerbaijan's Court for Serious Crimes passed sentence on Isgandarov and five accomplices, Alirza Macid oglu Babayev (b. 1965), Zaur Aliyevich Aliyev (b. 1984), Abdulla Mahammadovich Mahammadov (b. 1986), Sumgayit Hidayet Pirivey (b. 1971) and Rizvan Abdulgadirov. Isgandarov and Babayev were each sentenced to 14 years imprisonment, under 28.214.2.1 for illegal possession of explosives and ammunition, while Abdulla and Alivey were sentenced to 5 years under 228.2.1 and Abdulgadirov was sentenced to 3 years under 228.1.
# National Council of Nonprofits

The National Council of Nonprofits (NCN) is the largest nonprofit network in the United States, with 25,000 nonprofit members and 52 state nonprofit network subsidiaries. It engages in public policy work and conducts professional development for nonprofit members, providing nonprofits with research and assets to assist their operations.

## History

The National Council of Nonprofits was established in 1990 to create a unified voice for nonprofit organizations across North America. Initially, NCN aimed to connect nonprofits through a national platform focused on advocacy and resource sharing. Over time, NCN expanded its partnerships to include state associations to address region-specific nonprofit challenges, offering a more localized approach to its support and advocacy efforts. Through these expansions, NCN created a federated structure to coordinate national objectives with state-level initiatives, attempting to balance centralized support with local responsiveness.
The organization has a 4-star rating on Charity Navigator.

### Leadership

Tim Delaney is the acting CEO of NCN and has served in the role for 16 years. In January 2025, National Low Income Housing Coalition CEO and public sector veteran Diane Yentel will take Delaney's place.

## Activities

The National Council of Nonprofits has an integrated three-part approach to its work, aiming to "champion, connect, inform."
It has reported a newsletter subscriber base of 100,000 recipients and claimed a significant role in shaping nonprofits' access to PPP loans during the COVID-19 pandemic.
The network offers various professional development programs, including training and webinars focused on governance, financial management, closure, and compliance. It hosts multiple webinars each year, increasing its revenue through webinar sponsorship fees of up to $10,000. The Federal Reserve and FEMA have sought its support in the past. Its analysis and work has been cited in various prominent publications. NCN's programs are aimed at improving leadership and operational capacity within its partnered organizations.
# Jennifer Whalen (cyclist)

Jennifer Whalen (born 1976) is an American professional downhill mountain bike racer who won the 2005 NORBA National Championship in the Women's Super-D class. She lives in Idaho Springs, Colorado.

## Palmares
### 2005

* Keystone Climax (Downhill - Pro - Senior) - 4th place
* Keystone Climax (Super D - Expert - Senior - 19-29) - 3rd place
* Mount Snow-Shimano NMBS Finals (Super D - Pro) - 4th place
* Snowshoe NMBS NORBA National (SUPER D - Pro) - 2nd place
* NMBS Brian Head (SUPER D - Pro) - 1st place
* Snowmass NORBA National (SUPER D - Pro) - 4th place
* Schweitzer Norba Nationals (SUPER D - Pro) - 1st place
* Wildflower Rush Race (Downhill - Pro) - 3rd place
* Wildflower Rush Race (Super D - Senior) - 5th place
* Deer Valley NORBA National (SUPER D - Pro) - 5th place
* Chile Challenge AMBC (Super D - Expert) - 4th place
* Chile Challenge AMBC (Downhill - Pro - Senior) - 6th place
* Nova NORBA National (SUPER-D - Pro) - 7th place

### 2004

* Keystone Climax (Downhill - Pro - Senior) - 4th place
* NMBS #7-Snowmass (SUPER D - Pro) - 2nd place
* Full Tilt in Telluride (Downhill - Pro - Senior) - 3rd place
* Blast the Mass (Downhill - Pro - Senior) - 5th place
* Chile Challenge (Downhill - Pro - Senior) - 10th place

### 2003

* Final Descent - (Downhill - Pro/Expert - Senior) - 3rd place
* Chile Challenge (Downhill - Pro - Senior) - 3rd place
* Wells Fargo Rage in the Sage (Downhill - Pro - Senior) - 1st place
* Tour of Canyonlands (Downhill - Pro - Senior) - 4th place

### 2002

* Chile Challenge (Downhill - Expert - Senior - 19-29) - 1st place
* Tour of Canyonlands (Downhill - Expert - Senior - 19-29) - 2nd place

### 2001

* Telluride Mountain Bike Classic (Downhill - Expert - Senior - 19-29) - 4th place
* NORBA NCS #3 (Downhill - Expert - Senior - 25-29) - 4th place

### 2000

* Telluride Mountain Bike Classic (Downhill - Expert - Senior - 19-29) - 3rd place
# Glushkovo

Glushkovo (Russian: Глушково) is the name of several inhabited localities in Russia.

## Rural localities

* Glushkovo, Kaliningrad Oblast, a settlement in Kamensky Rural Okrug of Chernyakhovsky District of Kaliningrad Oblast
* Glushkovo, Krasnoyarsk Krai, a village in Balakhtonsky Selsoviet of Kozulsky District of Krasnoyarsk Krai
* Glushkovo, Kulbakinsky Selsoviet, Glushkovsky District, Kursk Oblast, a station settlement in Kulbakinsky Selsoviet of Glushkovsky District of Kursk Oblast
* Glushkovo, Republic of Mordovia, a selo in Glushkovsky Selsoviet of Kadoshkinsky District of the Republic of Mordovia
* Glushkovo, Nizhny Novgorod Oblast, a village in Bolsherudkinsky Selsoviet of Sharangsky District of Nizhny Novgorod Oblast
* Glushkovo, Kholm-Zhirkovsky District, Smolensk Oblast, a village in Nakhimovskoye Rural Settlement of Kholm-Zhirkovsky District of Smolensk Oblast
* Glushkovo (selo), Ponyatovskoye Rural Settlement, Shumyachsky District, Smolensk Oblast, a selo in Ponyatovskoye Rural Settlement of Shumyachsky District of Smolensk Oblast
* Glushkovo (village), Ponyatovskoye Rural Settlement, Shumyachsky District, Smolensk Oblast, a village in Ponyatovskoye Rural Settlement of Shumyachsky District of Smolensk Oblast
* Glushkovo, Vologda Oblast, a village in Glushkovsky Selsoviet of Belozersky District of Vologda Oblast
# Kazy

Kazy (Kazakh: Қазы; Russian: Казы) is a salt lake in Akkuly District, Pavlodar Region, Kazakhstan.

## Location

The lake is located 1.5 kilometers (0.93 mi) to the south of Kazy village, 25 kilometers (16 mi) to the northwest of Malybay, about 70 kilometers (43 mi) west of the Russia-Kazakhstan border. Akkuly, the district capital, lies 30 kilometers (19 mi) to the southwest.

## Geography

Kazy is part of the Irtysh basin. It lies in a tectonic depression of the Kulunda Plain. Lake Borli is located 11 kilometers (6.8 mi) to the northwest, Kyzyltuz 6 kilometers (3.7 mi) to the ESE, and Seiten 22 kilometers (14 mi) to the north.
The shape of the lake is roughly oval. Compared to neighboring lakes it is relatively deep and displays a bluish-green hue. The eastern and northwestern shores are flat and swampy, but the southern coast is rocky.

## Flora and fauna

Lake Kazy is surrounded by steppe vegetation. The water is salty and has a high mineralization. It is not suitable for watering livestock.
# Lejeunea drehwaldii

Lejeunea drehwaldii, synonym Sphaerolejeunea umbilicata, is a species of liverwort in the family Lejeuneaceae. It is endemic to Colombia. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests.

## Taxonomy

The species was first described by T. K. G. Herzog in 1938 as Sphaerolejeunea umbilicata. The genus Sphaerolejeunea was sunk into Lejeunea in 2012. As the name Lejeunea umbilicata was already in use, the replacement name Lejeunea drehwaldii was published.

## Description

Lejeunea drehwaldii is a small, bright green liverwort that grows primarily on the surfaces of living leaves (epiphyllous). The plant body, or gametophyte, spreads closely against its substrate, reaching 1.5–2.3 mm in width, and displays extensive branching. Its stem follows a distinctive zig-zag pattern and bears overlapping, rounded leaves arranged in two rows. A unique feature of this species is the presence of specialized dead, transparent (hyaline) cells forming a border around the leaf edges, which is visible in mature leaves but absent in young ones. The species is monoecious (autoicous), meaning both male and female reproductive structures occur on the same plant but in different locations. These reproductive structures are abundantly produced but remain largely hidden when the plant is viewed from above, as they do not project beyond the vegetative leaves. The female reproductive structure (perianth) is cylindrical to egg-shaped and lacks the distinct ridges (keels) found in many related species, instead featuring a unique umbilicate (navel-like) apex formed by a ring of triangular cells.
The spore-producing structure (sporophyte) of L. drehwaldii includes a black, spherical capsule measuring 250–330 micrometres in diameter, which splits into four parts upon maturity. The capsule contains two distinct types of sterile filaments (elaters) that aid in spore dispersal: 18 marginal elaters attached at the edges and 4 additional elaters fixed along their entire length to the inner surface. The spores, which begin germinating while still inside the capsule (precocious germination), are rectangular to irregular in shape and feature a distinctive surface pattern of small, round granules and 3–5 rosette-like structures.
# Caerleon Arts Festival

The Caerleon Arts Festival (Welsh: Gwyl Celf Caerllion) is a yearly arts, literature and entertainment event in the town of Caerleon, near Newport, Wales. It is held in July, setting up over a week period, with a main weekend hosting the headline events. The 2019 festival concluded on 13 and 14 July.

## History

The festival was founded in 2003 by Dr Russell Rhys, a local GP. Born in Llanelli, he was part of the Welsh émigrés in London and was a friend of Dylan Thomas. He later joined Gwent County Council and befriended the late Newport West MP Paul Flynn.
Dr Rhys resided at the Mynde, and later went on to acquire the site for the now-Ffwrrm opposite his home. The Ffwrrm today is a garden square with a restaurant, small businesses and artists. The courtyard garden is decorated in statuary and sculptures bought and commissioned by Dr Rhys from 1990 onwards in order to create a centre for the arts in Caerleon. The collection he curated went on to become the inspiration for the Arts Festival.

## Establishment

Dr Rhys acquired old stables and buildings on the site of the present Ffwrwm arts centre. The site remains a cultural centre today, set in 18th century gardens. The site includes a Celtic Arts & Crafts store, sculpture garden, independent restaurant, and a number of small businesses.
In 2003 he started the Caerleon Festival, inspired by Hay-on-Wye, and he was responsible for commissioning the sculptural works. Wood workers were invited from as far as China, expenses paid, but required to preserve their work in the village. Today Caerleon and the nearby area are surrounded by mythical-styled wood sculptures, depicting such ideas as Arthurian knights of the Round Table or Welsh Mabinogion. Today there are over 100 works, many by Welsh artist Ed Harrison.

## Modern day

The present day festival continues the tradition of arts, crafts, and sculpture set by Dr Rhys, but now expands to include music, literature, dance and entertainment. It regularly invites musicians from other countries to perform.
Recent developments with the festival have seen expansion with music events staged at venues including Caerleon Town Hall and St Cadocs Church. The open-air Roman amphitheatre hosts an annual Shakespeare play.
The 'Big Free Weekend' alongside the River Usk is two full days of free live music and dance on three stages at the Hanbury Quay, the 17th century Bell Inn marquee and the Festival Field marquee. A diverse range of performers are featured including folk, idie, rock, choirs, celtic and international dance.
The Literature on the Lawn festival is the 'fringe' literary festival, held in the garden of the Priory Hotel. It offers literary discussions, readings, and entertainment, hosted around 5-8 July each year prior to the arts festival.

## Supporters

The event is supported by the local Caerleon Festival charity and its members, as well as a wide range of local businesses, including Literature Wales, ABP, Cadw, Sainsbury's, The Celtic Manor Resort, Brains Brewery, and Welsh Government.
# Memorial to the Victims of Communism

The Memorial to the victims of Communism (Czech: Pomník obětem komunismu) is a series of statues in Prague commemorating the victims of the communist regime in Czechoslovakia between 1948 and 1989. It is located at the base of Petřín hill, Újezd street in the Malá Strana or the Lesser Town area.
It was unveiled on the 22 May 2002, twelve years after the fall of communism in the Eastern Bloc, and is the work of Czech sculptor Olbram Zoubek and architects Jan Kerel and Zdeněk Holzel. It was supported by the local council and Confederation of Political Prisoners (KPV).

## Description

The memorial shows six bronze statues depicting a single individual standing on a flight of stairs. Each statue is in a different state of decay representing the different stages of the individual's destruction. This symbolizes the treatment of political prisoners by the Communist government. The individual's continual defiance is represented by the fact that all of the statues, regardless of the level of decay, remain standing.
There is also a bronze strip that runs along the centre of the memorial, showing the estimated numbers of individuals that faced state repression during the communist era:
* 205,486 arrested
* 170,938 forced into exile
* 4,500 died in prison
* 327 shot trying to escape
* 248 executed
A bronze plaque nearby reads:
   "The memorial to the victims of communism is dedicated to all victims not only those who were jailed or executed but also those whose lives were ruined by totalitarian despotism."
On February 24, 2018, the adjacent pedestrian way to the memorial was named "Alej obětí totality" as suggested to the Prague City Council by Ivan Margolius.

## Controversy

Prior to the memorial being unveiled, there were reports in the local media about an apparent political row over who should attend the unveiling ceremony. Then-President Václav Havel, despite having been a leading dissident in the communist era, was not an original invitee and only received an invitation two days before the ceremony. Havel ended up visiting the monument with its sculptor Zoubek the day prior to its unveiling.
The memorial has not been universally welcomed, with some artists saying the memorial is kitsch and others critical that female figures were not included. One of the statues was damaged during two bomb blasts in 2003. No one has admitted carrying out the attacks.
# John Carey (Celticist)

John Carey is an American philologist, professor, and scholar of Celtic studies, specialising in subjects of early Irish and Welsh literature, religion, and mythology. A graduate of Harvard University, he was an associate professor at the Department of Celtic Languages and Literature. He has received fellowships at Warburg Institute (University of London), the Institute of Irish Studies at Queen's University, Belfast and the Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies. He later moved to the Department of Early and Medieval Irish at the University College Cork (UCC), where he now teaches. He is fellow at the Temenos Academy and editor of Temenos Academy Review.

## Selected works

* 1982. "The Location of the Otherworld in Irish Tradition." Éigse 19 (1982): 36-43.
* 1984. "Nodons in Britain and Ireland." ZCP 40 (1984): 1-22.
* 1987. "Time, Space, and the Otherworld." Proceedings of the Harvard Celtic Colloquium 7: 1-27.
* 1989-90. "Myth and Mythography in Cath Maige Tuired." Studia Celtica 24-5: 53-69.
* 1991. "A British Myth of Origins?" History of Religions 31: 24-38.
* 1994. The Irish National Origin-Legend: Synthetic Pseudohistory. Quiggin Pamphlets on the Sources of Mediaeval Gaelic History 1. Cambridge, University of Cambridge.
* 1994 (ed. with John T. Koch). The Celtic Heroic Age. Literary Sources for Ancient Celtic Europe and Early Ireland and Wales. Malden, Massachusetts: Celtic Studies Publications. Includes translations by John Carey.
* 1994. "An Edition of the Pseudo-Historical Prologue to the Senchas Már." Ériu 45: 1-32.
* 1996. "The Narrative Setting of Baile Chuinn Chétchathaig." Études Celtiques 32: 189-201.
* 1997. "The Three Things Required of a Poet." Ériu 48: 41-58.
* 1998 (1st ed.), 2000 (2nd ed.). King of Mysteries. Early Irish Religious Writings. Dublin: Four Courts Press.
* 1999. A Single Ray of the Sun. Religious Speculation in Early Ireland. Andover and Aberystwyth.
* 2002. "The Lough Foyle Colloquy Texts." Ériu 52 (2002): 53-87.
* 2002. "Werewolves in Medieval Ireland." Cambrian Medieval Celtic Studies 44 (Winter 2002): 37-72.
* 2004. "The Encounter at the Ford: Warriors, Water and Women." Éigse 34 (2004): 10-24.
* 2005. "Tara and the Supernatural." In The Kingship and Landscape of Tara, ed. Edel Bhreathnach. Dublin. 32-48.
* 2007. Ireland and the Grail. Aberystwyth: Celtic Studies Publications.
* 2007. "In Tenga Bithnua and the Days of Creation." Apocrypha 18: 231-46.
# David Whitehorn Arnott

David Whitehorn Arnott (23 June 1915 – 10 March 2004) was a British linguist who was Professor of West African Languages at School of Oriental and African Studies. He is known for his works on Fulani and Tiv.

## Works

His works are the following:
* Dictionnary of verb roots in Fulfulde dialects
* Fula language studies : present position and future prospects
* The languages of West Africa
* The nominal and verbal system of Fula
* The parent and the teacher: a grammatical analysis of a Fula text
* Particles in Fula : their behaviour and meanings
* Proverbial lore and word-play of the Fulani
# Bolkiah Garrison

Bolkiah Garrison (Malay: Bolkiah Garison), also referred to as Bolkiah Camp from its original name, is one of the military bases in Mukim Berakas 'A', Bandar Seri Begawan. It contains the main building for the Ministry of Defence (MinDef), and is also the headquarters of the Royal Brunei Armed Forces (RBAF). International defence collaborations, meetings and bilateral exercises are planned and considered within this military base.

## History

Eight officers and sixteen warrant officers made up the cadre strength of the British expatriate section in the seconded personnel region by the middle of 1964. Simultaneously, plans were underway to construct a new British Forces Brunei (BFB) and Gurkha camp around 6 miles (9.7 km) from the Brunei Malay Regiment (BMR) Berakas Camp, close to the Brunei Airport. The new camp, which the Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah called Bolkiah Camp, was built to hold the Brigade Headquarters and related troops and could hold 700–800 men.
The Training Wing Depot was established at Bolkiah Camp on 7 April 1969, but it would later be relocated to Penanjong Garrison in the Tutong District in 1991. On the fourteenth anniversary of the Royal Brunei Malay Regiment's (RBMR) formation, the 2nd Battalion was formed following nearly two years of training on 2 January 1975. The new battalion needed a larger camp than the Berakas Camp could provide, so it relocated to the former British Reinforcement Camp in Bolkiah Camp. On 10 May 1976, the 2nd Battalion finally moved into its permanent camp in Tutong Camp. As of 1995, there was a small garrison based at Bolkiah Camp alongside British commanding officers to provide training the local soldiers of the Royal Brunei Malay Regiment (RBMR).
In 2008, now known as Bolkiah Garrison, plans were made to upgrade the base's surau, create a new building for the RBAF Museum, and provide housing for RBAF personnel. The Medical Reception Station (MRS) designed by architects at ALD Consultants was officially opened in 2018. On 21 March 2019, at the newly built Bolkiah Gymnasium and Multi-Purpose Hall, the Royal Brunei Armed Forces (RBAF) hosted the launching ceremony for the upgrading of the RBAF's Identification Card and Security Enhancement Expo in upholding Wawasan Brunei 2035. One of the attempts to strengthen the security system in the RBAF is the upgrading of the identification card. During RBAF's 58th anniversary on 30 June 2019, 1,058 service personnel from all three service branches of the RBAF participated in an annual parade held within Bolkiah Garrison.

## Facilities

There are several facilities built within Bolkiah Garrison:
* Ministry of Defence building
* Joint Force Headquarters
* Officer's Mess
* Medical Reception Station
* Bolkiah Gymnasium and Multi-purpose Hall
* Performance Optimisation Centre (POC)
* Dewan Gerak Badan (Body Motion Hall)
* Surau Ad-Difa'
* Sultan Haji Hassanal Bolkiah Institute of Defence & Strategic Studies Library, Bolkiah Garrison
* Royal Brunei Armed Forces Museum

## Gallery

* Ministry of Defence building
* Bolkiah Garrison's main gate sign
* Medical Reception Station
* RBAF Recruitment Office
# William Brice (ethnographer)

William Charles Brice (3 July 1921 – 24 July 2007) was a British ethnographer and linguist.

## Biography

Brice was born in Richmond, Yorkshire, and studied geography at Jesus College, Oxford, interrupting his studies to serve in India during the Second World War, protecting railways near Madras and supplying maps to troops, for which he was awarded the Burma Star. He then participated in an archaeological expedition to eastern Turkey, exploring frontier forts of the Roman empire. He was appointed lecturer in geography at Manchester University in 1947, returning to Oxford in 1951 as assistant curator and lecturer in ethnology at the Pitt Rivers Museum. Sir John Myres gave him the task of working on Linear A, and his breakthroughs were recorded in Inscriptions in the Minoan Linear Script of Class A (1961). In 1967 he was appointed as the editor of the journal Kadmos, which focused on prealphabetic writing and the languages and cultures from which they came. His works include An Historical Atlas of Islam (1981), The Mediterranean Sea Atlas (2003), translated from a 16th-century Arabic manuscript. and South-west Asia (A Systematic Regional Geography; vol. 8), University of London Press, 1966. He was also responsible for the 8th, 9th and 10th editions of Walter Fitzgerald's Africa (1955, 1961 & 1967).
# Norton University

Norton University (NU; Khmer: សាកលវិទ្យាល័យន័រតុន, ស.ន., UNGEGN: Sakâlôvĭtyéaloăy Noărtŏn, S.N.) is a private university in Cambodia registered with the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sport. It was established in 1996. The university was one of the first private Cambodian educational institutions.
Norton University is considered to be the best IT Education Center in Cambodia years after its establishment, and was chosen by National ICT Development Authority (NiDA), Ministry of Post-Telecommunications (MPTC), and International Data Group (IDG) to receive the award in 2010. The university has two campuses both based in Phnom Penh.
Professor Chan Sok Khieng is the current rector of Norton University, and Professor Un Van Thouen is the current vice rector.