OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# MultiNet

Multilayered extended semantic networks (MultiNets) are both a knowledge representation paradigm and a language for meaning representation of natural language expressions that has been developed by Prof. Dr. Hermann Helbig on the basis of earlier Semantic Networks. It is used in a question-answering application for German called InSicht. It is also used to create a tutoring application developed by the university of University of Hagen to teach MultiNet to knowledge engineers.
MultiNet is claimed to be one of the most comprehensive and thoroughly described knowledge representation systems. It specifies conceptual structures by means of about 140 predefined relations and functions, which are systematically characterized and underpinned by a formal axiomatic apparatus. Apart from their relational connections, the concepts are embedded in a multidimensional space of layered attributes and their values. Another characteristic of MultiNet distinguishing it from simple semantic networks is the possibility to encapsulate whole partial networks and represent the resulting conceptual capsule as a node of higher order, which itself can be an argument of relations and functions. MultiNet has been used in practical NLP applications such as natural language interfaces to the Internet or question answering systems over large semantically annotated corpora with millions of sentences. MultiNet is also a cornerstone of the commercially available search engine SEMPRIA-Search, where it is used for the description of the computational lexicon and the background knowledge, for the syntactic-semantic analysis, for logical answer finding, as well as for the generation of natural language answers.
MultiNet is supported by a set of software tools and has been used to build large semantically based computational lexicons. The tools include a semantic interpreter WOCADI, which translates natural language expressions (phrases, sentences, texts) into formal MultiNet expressions, a workbench MWR+ for the knowledge engineer (comprising modules for automatic knowledge acquisition and reasoning), and a workbench LIA+ for the computer lexicographer supporting the creation of large semantically based computational lexica.
# Tornillo event

A tornillo event is a low-frequency seismic event associated with volcanoes. The term, which means "screw" in Spanish, was coined in the mid-1990s at the Observatorio Vulcanológico y Sismológico de Pasto (OVSP) in Pasto, Colombia to describe seismic events seen at the Galeras volcano.
A tornillo has the following characteristics that distinguish it from other seismic events:
* very limited distribution of frequencies (monochromatic)
* a long coda that decays slowly
* small amplitude
Like volcanic tremor, tornillos are thought to be caused by magma moving at depth.
# Karasor (disambiguation)

Karasor (Kazakh: Қарасор; "black saline land") may refer to:
* Karasor, a lake in Karkaraly District, Karaganda Region, Kazakhstan
* Karasor Basin, a structural depression in Karkaraly District, Karaganda Region, Kazakhstan
* Karasor, May District, a lake in May District, Pavlodar Region, Kazakhstan
* Karasor (lake, Ekibastuz), a lake in Pavlodar Region, Kazakhstan
# Yanragytgyn

Yanragytgyn (Russian: Янрагытгын; Chukot: Янрагытгын) is a freshwater lake in Anadyr District, Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, Russian Federation. It has an area of 79 km$^2$ (31 sq mi).
There are no permanent settlements on the shores of the lake.
The name of the lake in Chukot means "a separate lake."

## Geography

Yanragytgyn lies close to the northern slopes of the Ukvushvuynen Range, part of the Koryak Mountains. It is located 85 km (53 mi) southwest of lake Krasnoye and 65 km (40 mi) northwest of lake Maynits. The lake is roughly pear-shaped and stretches roughly from north to south. The southern section includes a few small islands close to the shore.
Yanragytgyn lies in a swampy flat area of the southwestern part of the Anadyr Lowland dotted with thermokarst lakes. An unnamed tributary of the Chirynay of the Velikaya basin, flows out of the southern lakeshore. The lake freezes in October and stays under ice until June.
# Howard Mitchell

Howard Mitchell (11 March 1911 – 22 June 1988) was an American cellist and conductor who was born in Lyons, Nebraska and died in Ormond Beach, Florida. He was principal conductor of the National Symphony Orchestra from 1949 to 1969.
According to music critic Ted Libbey, Mitchell "personified the optimism that permeated Washington and America after World War II; he socialized, schmoozed and charmed the ladies of high Washington society, fitting right in, playing the role of music director as he played the cello. He saw the symphony as a necessary component of the city's social and cultural life, an institution to be supported by the enlightened few and used to educate and enrich the many."
Born in Nebraska, Mitchell attended the Peabody Conservatory and graduated with honors from the Curtis Institute of Music in 1935. Mitchell joined the National Symphony Orchestra as principal cellist in 1933. In addition to playing with the NSO, Mitchell made his conducting debut with the ensemble in 1941, and was named associate conductor in 1946. He was one of two candidates being considered to replace Hans Kindler, and in 1949 Mitchell began the longest tenure of any NSO music director to date, and one especially marked by his campaign to bring great visiting conductors to Washington. Praised for his enthusiasm, deeply involved in the community, a skilled fund-raiser and respected by musicians as one who had risen from the ranks, Mitchell embodied the optimism and “can-do” spirit of the time.
Few conductors anywhere have equaled Mitchell’s extraordinary commitment to community outreach and education. Under his leadership, the NSO presented “Young People’s” and “Tiny Tots” concerts, and a ground-breaking series called “Music for Young America”. The last initiative offered programs free to school groups visiting the Washington area. Mitchell also expanded the orchestra’s touring exponentially, including its first to Europe and an astounding three months of touring Latin America. A hallmark was the inclusion of at least one American work on every concert program. Making use of the burgeoning recording industry, he devised two educational recording anthologies with the NSO. The anthologies were accompanied by study guides, allowing teachers who were not themselves musicians to incorporate music in classroom settings.
On the Westminster label Mitchell made recordings with his orchestra of music by Brahms (Violin Concerto with violinist Julian Olefsky), Copland (Appalachian Spring; Billy the Kid; Fanfare for the Common Man; El Salón México), Creston (Symphonies Nos. 2 & 3) and Shostakovich (Symphony No. 1; The Golden Age ballet suite).
# Raul Fernández Arrizabalaga

Raul Fernandez Arrizabalaga (born 13 January 1972 in Luarca) is a cyclist and judo athlete from Spain. He is blind and is a B2 type athlete. He competed at the 1996 Summer Paralympics in cycling. He competed at the 2004 Summer Paralympics in judo. He finished third in the Up to 90 kg Open group.
# Levakant District

Sarband District or Nohiya-i Sarband (Tajik: Ноҳияи Сарбанд) is a former district in Khatlon Region, Tajikistan. Its capital was Levakant (former name: Sarband). Around 2018, it was merged into the city of Levakant.

## Administrative divisions

The district was divided administratively into jamoats. They were as follows (and population).
Jamoats of Sarband District :
| Jamoat | Population |
| Guliston | 13757 |
| Vahdat | 4635 |
# Johann Ulich

Johann Ulich, the younger (Wittenberg, 1677-Zerbst, 1742) was a German organist and composer in Zerbst, and music teacher to the princely family.
Ulich was born in 1677 in Wittenberg, Germany. His father, also called Johann Ulich (1634-1712), was organist and Kantor, director of music for Wittenberg's churches, and teacher at the city school. Ulich studied with his father and then from 1695 at the University of Wittenberg. He was employed at the court in Zerbst from 1708 (although his official contract is dated 6 March 1709, the accounts of the St. Bartholomäikirche show that he was paid at least one quarterly salary installment and some of the bonuses that all permanent staff there enjoyed annually in 1708). Almost immediately he started composing music for the court; on 24 June 1708, his cantata "Glückselige Stunden! gesegnetes Licht" for the birthday of Princess Sophia (wife of Prince Carl Wilhelm) was performed and, at least for some years, Ulich seems to have been considered the court composer. This changed in 1716 when Johann Baptist Kuch was appointed Capell Director. When Kuch suddenly vanished from Zerbst in 1722, Ulich temporarily seems to have taken charge of music again. This was short lived as the renowned Johann Friedrich Fasch was appointed court Kapellmeister that same year. Ulich was to work under the younger man as "Organist und Cammer Musico" (according to a petition by his widow for financial assistance to bring up the couple's five children) until his retirement.

## Surviving Works

Johann Ulich Sr.
* hymns "Meinen Jesum laß ich nicht", first published "Sieben-Fache Welt- and Himmels-Capell" (edited by Michael Schernak) Wittenberg, 1674; it still appears in the standard Lutheran hymnbook, EKG: 251; "Davidisches Berg-Lied ... An statt eines Täglichen Denck-[,] Danck- und Schuld-Opffers ... abgefasset, und ... mit absonderlicher Melodie bethönet" (Wittenberg, 1687)
* wedding music "Wann die goldne Sonne lacht" (Wittenberg, 1674), "Auf die Gottschalckisch-Frimelische Hochzeit ... verfertigte Aria" (Brieg, 1683), "Gleich und gleich gesellt sich gerne" (Wittenberg, 1686), "Wann die goldne Sonne lacht" (Wittenberg, 1700)
* "Deo dicamus gratias" (SSATB, 2 trumpets, "tamburi", basso continuo; Wittenberg, 1682) [See footnote 3]
* funeral music "Jesu meiner Seelen Wonne" (1685)
* cantata "Zweierlei bitt' ich von dir Herr mein Gott"
Johann Ulich Jr.
* three solo cantatas for soprano and basso continuo
* four sonatinas, two fantasies, two suites, and two sonatas for keyboard (one is specifically for organ)
* 6 sonatas for recorder and basso continuo (the latter part was rediscovered 2002 in the Russian State Library)

## Recordings

* "Ihr hellen Sterne des Glücks"; Ina Siedlaczek soprano, Hamburger Ratsmusik, Audite 2013
# Mid Manair Dam

Mid Manair Dam is a major irrigation project across the Manair River, at Manwada Village, Boinpalli Mandal, Rajanna Sircilla district, Telangana. It has a capacity of 25.87 tmcft with 25 radial gates. It has a capacity to irrigate 2,00,000 acres. It is part of the prestigious Kaleshwaram project from which 2-3 tmcft water will be lifted and router to Mid Manair Dam. The project was completed in April 2018.

## History

The balancing reservoir initiated as part of SRSP stage-II for which the foundation stone was laid by the former Prime Minister P. V. Narasimha Rao in 1991. The surplus water from Sriram Sagar Project flows through the SRSP Flood Flow Canal (SRSP FFC) into the Mid Manair Dam as well as Manair River water. Once the dam reaches full capacity, water is released into the Lower Manair Dam, a major balancing reservoir at Karimnagar city with 24Tmcft Gross Capacity.
Dam construction was started in 2004-05 as part of Jalayagnam, but was delayed due to the several political reasons.
130 km long Flood Flow Canal construction work was completed before the Mid Manair Dam. While the dam was under construction, the released water from the Flood Flow Canal head regulator flowed to the Lower Manair Dam.
For the project completion, it took 10 years to complete 50% work, and 10 months to complete the rest 50% in April 2018. The final cost for completing the project was ₹2050 crores.

## The Reservoir

The Gross Capacity of the reservoir is 25.873 Tmcft. The Left Bank Canal 22 km to irrigate 9,500 acres. The Right Bank Canal 64 km to irrigate 90,500 acres. From June 2018, the Kaleshwaram project feeds the Mid-Manair Reservoir with the Godavari water and stabilizes the ayacut via existing projects.

## Earth dam breach

On 25 September 2016, flood water flowed over the incomplete earth dam of the project and breached the earth dam inundating the downstream areas. Few villages were evacuated to save from water inundation. It was planned to store 3 tmcft water in the project to facilitate water supply under SRSP (stage-II) and Kaleshwaram Lift Irrigation Project. It is not possible to supply water from the project till the earth dam is reconstructed. The project planning and its execution is blamed for the dam breach which has not constructed the earth dam to adequate level in comparison with the adjacent concrete spill way to safely pass the normal flood water without over topping the earth dam.

## Submerged villages

* Anupuram (Vemulawada)
* Arepalli (Vemulawada)
* Kodmunja (Vemulawada)
* Rudravaram (Vemulawada)
* Sankepalli (Vemulawada)
* Kodurupaka (Boinapalli)
* Manwada (Boinapalli)
* Neelojipalli (Boinapalli)
* Sabhashpalli (Boinapalli)
* Varadavelli (Boinapalli)
* Cheerlavancha (Thangalapally)
* Chintalthana (Thangalapally)
* Gurravanipalli (Ilanthakunta)
* Kandikatkur (Ilanthakunta)
* Obulapuram (Ilanthakunta)
# Lady Cheonchujeon

Lady Cheonchujeon of the Gaeseong Wang clan (Korean: 천추전부인 왕씨; Hanja: 千秋殿夫人 王氏; lit. Lady of the Cheonchu Temple), personal name Wang Aji (왕아지; 王阿志), was a Goryeo Royal Princess as the third child and oldest daughter of King Gwangjong and Queen Daemok who married her first cousin, Prince Cheonchu.

## Family

* Father - Wang So, Gwangjong of Goryeo (광종 고려; 925 – 4 July 975)
* Mother - Queen Daemok of the Hwangju Hwangbo clan (대목왕후 황보씨)
* Siblings
** Older brother - Wang Ju, Gyeongjong of Goryeo (경종 고려; 9 November 955 – 13 August 981)
** Older brother - Crown Prince Hyohwa (효화태자)
** Younger sister - Royal Lady Bohwa (보화궁부인)
** Younger sister - Queen Mundeok of the Chungju Yu clan (문덕왕후 유씨)
* Husband - Prince Cheonchujeon (천추전군)
# Mausoleum of Amir Khamza Khasti Podshoh

The Mausoleum of Amir Khamza Khasti Podshoh (Tajik: Мақбараи Ҳазрати Шоҳ, romanized: Maqbarai Hazrati Shoh) is located in the Sughd province of northern Tajikistan.

## Site Description

Built on the grave of a saint, the mausoleum is a unique testament to Islamic Central Asian architecture. The Middle Ages period structure includes intricately carved ceilings, Koranic inscriptions, and mud-brick construction.

## World Heritage Status

This site was added to the UNESCO World Heritage Tentative List on November 9, 1999, in the Cultural category.
# Karl Hildebrand

Karl Hildebrand (2 December 1846, in Arnstadt – 17 April 1875, in Halle an der Saale) was a German philologist who specialized in Old Icelandic literature.

## Biography

Hildebrand studied history and philology at the University of Leipzig, where he was a pupil of Friedrich Karl Theodor Zarncke. In 1871 he earned his PhD at Leipzig with a thesis titled, Über die Conditionalsätze und ihre Conjunctionen in der älteren Edda. In 1873 he qualified as a lecturer of German philology at the University of Halle with the thesis, Versteilung in den Eddaliedern.
His best written effort was an edition of Die lieder der Älteren Edda (Sæmundar Edda). Unfinished at the time of Hildebrand's death in 1875 (age 28), it was completed by Theodor Möbius (from page 257) during the following year.
# Hypotheses non fingo

In the history of physics, hypotheses non fingo (Latin for "I frame no hypotheses", or "I contrive no hypotheses") is a phrase used by Isaac Newton in the essay General Scholium, which was appended to the second edition of Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica in 1713.

## Original remark

A 1999 translation of the Principia presents Newton's remark as follows:
   I have not as yet been able to discover the reason for these properties of gravity from phenomena, and I do not feign hypotheses. For whatever is not deduced from the phenomena must be called a hypothesis; and hypotheses, whether metaphysical or physical, or based on occult qualities, or mechanical, have no place in experimental philosophy. In this philosophy particular propositions are inferred from the phenomena, and afterwards rendered general by induction.

## Later commentary

The 19th-century philosopher of science William Whewell qualified this statement, saying that, "it was by such a use of hypotheses, that both Newton himself and Kepler, on whose discoveries those of Newton were based, made their discoveries". Whewell stated:
   What is requisite is, that the hypothesis should be close to the facts, and not connected with them by other arbitrary and untried facts; and that the philosopher should be ready to resign it as soon as the facts refuse to confirm it.
Later, Imre Lakatos asserted that such a resignation should not be too rushed.
# Lee Hae-in (actress)

Lee Ji-young (born April 19, 1986), known as Lee Ji, is a South Korean actress, singer and pianist. She is a former member of South Korean girl group Gangkiz.

## Biography

Hae-in was born as Lee Ji-young on April 19, 1986, in Masan, South Korea. She has studied at Masan Gapo High School and Seoul Arts National University.

## Music career

Hae-in debuted as a member of the girl group Gangkiz in 2012; their group released the mini album We Became Gang and repackaged mini album Mama in the same year. A year later, she left the group and became an actress.
Since September 2020, Hae-in started to post piano-playing videos on YouTube.

## Filmography
### Film

| Year | Title | Role |
| 2011 | Quick | Chun-shim's alumni |
| 2016 | Female Wars: The Man Who Moved In | Min-jeong |
| 2019 | Gangsters | Soo-yeon |

### Television series

| Year | Title | Role |
| 2007 | HIT | |
| 2007 | Drama City: "Einstein Found Love" | |
| 2010 | Golden Fish | Seo Joo-hee |
| 2011 | Welcome to the Show | assistant director |
| 2011 | Vampire Idol | Hae-in |
| 2012 | Bayside Shakedown: Special | Shin Soo-hyeon |
| 2012 | Five Fingers | Jung So-yeol |
| 2013 | A Tale of Two Sisters | Lee Ye-rin |
| 2014 | Inspiring Generation | Seon Woo-jin |
| 2015 | The Three Witches | Moon Hee-jae |
| 2018 | A Poem a Day | Park Yeon-hee (Cameo) |

### Music video

| Year | Song title | Artist | Ref. |
| 2012 | "Lovey-Dovey" | T-ara | |
| 2013 | "Bikini" | T-ara, Davichi (feat. Skull) | |

## Theater

| Years | Title | Ref. |
| 2011 | Coyote Ugly | |
# Sis Rural District

Sis Rural District (Persian: دهستان سيس) may refer to:
* Sis Rural District (Shabestar County)
* Sis Rural District (Kurdistan Province)
# Ludwig August Lebrun

Ludwig August Lebrun (baptized 2 May 1752 – 16 December 1790) was a German oboist and composer.

## Life

Lebrun was born in Mannheim. The well-known and celebrated oboe virtuoso (a contemporary described being "charmed by his divine oboe") played with the orchestra at the court of the Prince-Elector Carl Theodor in Mannheim. He started playing with the orchestra at the age of 12 and became a full member at the age of 15. His father, also an oboist of probably Belgian origin, worked from 1747 at the Mannheim court. He was a contemporary of Carl Stamitz and Anton Stamitz, and belonged to the Mannheim school.
In the summer of 1778 he married the soprano Franziska Danzi, one of the most outstanding and well-known singers of the time and the sister of composer Franz Danzi. With her, he travelled extensively across Europe: Milan, Paris, London, Vienna, Prague, Naples, Munich and Berlin. The couple's playing and singing complemented each other perfectly and arias with obbligato oboe were written for them, as for instance those in Günther von Schwarzburg (1777) by Ignaz Holzbauer, L'Europa riconosciuta (1778) by Antonio Salieri and Castore e Polluce (1787) by Georg Joseph Vogler.
The music historian Charles Burney wrote about appearances of the pair: "Franziska Danzi and the excellent oboist Lebrun usually travel together, and it seems as though she has listened to nothing other than his instrument, for when they perform together in thirds and sixths one cannot hear which is the upper or the lower voice!"
He died in Berlin at the age of 38 from the effects of liver inflammation.
Lebrun was the father of opera singer and actress Rosine Lebrun and pianist and composer Sophie Lebrun.

## Works

* Ballet "Armida" and "Adèle de Ponthieu"
* Concertos for Oboe and Orchestra No.1 in D minor, No.2 in G minor, No.3 in C major, No.4 in B-flat major, No.5 in C major, No.6 in F major
* Concerto for Clarinet and Orchestra in B-flat major
* Duos for Violin and Viola
* Flute duets
* Flute trios
# Elizabeth P. Arriola

Elizabeth Pangelinan Perez "Belle" Arriola (November 19, 1928 – June 26, 2002) was a Guamanian educator and a Democratic Party of Guam politician in Guam. Arriola served as Senator in the Guam Legislature for 6 consecutive terms, from 1983 to 1995, and was the wife of former Speaker in the Guam Legislature Joaquin C. Arriola.

## Early life

Elizabeth Arriola was born on (1928-11-19)November 19, 1928 to Vicente Borja and Maria Guerrero Pangelinan. Elizabeth grew up during the occupation of Guam by Japanese Imperial Forces during World War II and accompanied her mother and grandmother to Manenggon concentration camp toward the end of the occupation.

## Education and early career

Elizabeth graduated as salutatorian from George Washington Senior High School after the end of World War II. Elizabeth earned a Bachelor of Arts at Rosemont College and returned to Guam to teach in 1952.

## Guam Legislature
### Elections

Arriola was first elected to the Guam Legislature in 1982 and remained in office 6 legislative terms.
| Election | Guam Legislature | Primary Rank (Votes) | General Rank (Votes) | Result |
| 1982 | 17th Guam Legislature | 4 (7,377) | 7 (14,436) | Elected |
| 1984 | 18th Guam Legislature | 2 (7,299) | 14 (13,741) | Elected |
| 1986 | 19th Guam Legislature | 2 (10,504) | 4 (17,710) | Elected |
| 1988 | 20th Guam Legislature | 9 (7,369) | 11 (14,907) | Elected |
| 1990 | 21st Guam Legislature | 10 (9,098) | 15 (16,969) | Elected |
| 1992 | 22nd Guam Legislature | No primary election | 18 (16,401) | Elected |

### Leadership

* Legislative Secretary, 17th Guam Legislature (1983-1985)
* Legislative Secretary, 18th Guam Legislature (1985-1987)

## Personal life

Arriola married attorney Joaquin C. Arriola, an attorney and later a senator in the Guam Legislature.
Arriola died following a stroke on (2002-06-26)June 26, 2002.