OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Gadāʾī

Gadāʼī (ɡadaːˈʔiː), or Gadā (Chagatay: كدا, [ɡadaː]), was a 15th-century poet of Central Asia who wrote in the Chaghatay Turkic language. He is recognised by the better-known Ali-Shir Nava'i as a predecessor, whom he had met.$^{:p.1–2}$

## Life

Little is known about Gadāʼī's life. Based on information about him provided by Navaʼi in the third section of Majalis un-Nafāʼis (compiled in 1497 or 1498), which describes poets who were still alive and whom Navaʼi knew, it is possible to deduce that Gadāʼī was born around 1403 or 1404.$^{:p.2}$ However, based on other evidence, Ergash Rustamov concluded in the 1960s that Gadāʼī must have been born no later than 1360 and later served at the court of Abul-Qasim Babur Mirza at over 90 years of age.$^{:p.2–3}$

## Name

The poet is referred to as Gadāʼī by Navāʼi, and in the one manuscript of his divans, as Gadā. This name, meaning "beggar", is understood to be a pen name. It is not known what his given name may have been.$^{:p.1}$

## Works

Gadāʼī wrote a divan, or collection of poems, in what would now be considered the pre-classical Chaghatay literary language.$^{:p.1}$ At the time, this language was known as "Türkī", meaning "Turkish" or "Turkic". Rustamov highlights the fact that Gadāʼī was not a Sufi poet, and incorporated aspects of the local Turkic literary traditions into his work.$^{:p.5}$
The single manuscript containing Gadāʼī's divan is housed in the Bibliothèque Nationale in Paris, and is composed of two halves: the first containing the Divan of Luṭfi (another 15th-century poet who wrote in Chaghatay), and the second containing the "Dīvān-i Gadā", on folios 96b through 161a.$^{:p.4}$ The last folio is missing, and may have included metadata about the manuscript, such as the name of the copyist and when it was copied.$^{:p.4}$
The divan consists of mostly ghazals (229), but also five tuyughs, two qaṣīdas, and one mustazād.

## Research

The first mention of Gadāʼī in non-Chaghatay literature is thought to be in a 1914 work that mentions him by Mehmet Fuat Köprülü, a Turkish historian.$^{:p.4}$ Fuad provided more information about him in his history of Chaghatay literature in 1945.$^{:p.4}$ The Uzbek scholar Ergash Rustamov provides the first "scholarly appraisal" of Gadāʼi's work in a source published in the 1960s.$^{:p.5}$ János Eckmann published a translation of some of Gadāʼī's works in 1960, which formed the basis of Rustamov's work,$^{:p.2}$ and in 1971 published a complete transcription of Gadāʼī's divan, with facsimiles of all the folios, a glossary, and a brief introduction.
# Kim Dong-chul (footballer)

Kim Dong-chul (Korean: 김동철; born 1 October 1990) is a South Korean footballer who plays as defender for Seoul E-Land.
# Herbert Spencer Jennings

Herbert Spencer Jennings (April 8, 1868 – April 14, 1947) was an American zoologist, geneticist, and eugenicist. His research helped demonstrate the link between physical and chemical stimulation and automatic responses in lower orders of animals (Behavior of the Lower Organisms, 1906).

## Life

He was born in Tonica, Illinois, on April 8, 1868, the son of George Nelson Jennings and his wife Olive Taft Jenks.
He studied at the University of Michigan graduating BS in 1893 then Harvard University where he gained a further AM degree in 1895 and a PhD in 1896. In 1906 he began a long and illustrious career at Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore where he stayed until retirement in 1938. He married twice: firstly in 1898 to Louisa Burridge and secondly in 1939 to Lulu Plant.
He died in Santa Monica, California, on April 14, 1947.

## Career

Jennings was elected to the American Philosophical Society in 1907 and both the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and the United States National Academy of Sciences in 1914.
Tracy Sonneborn would later write:
   Jennings was so struck by the continued production of hereditarily diverse clones at conjugation, even after many successive inbreedings, that he undertook to examine the matter mathematically. As a result, general formulae for the results of diverse systems of mating were published in a series of papers between 1912 and 1917; these were one of the main seeds from which the whole field of mathematical genetics developed.
In 1924, Jennings published an article in Scientific Monthly on "Heredity and Environment" which was prescient for anticipating the double helix, and provocatively liberal for its comments on racial differences and American immigration policy.
Jennings was the recipient of the inaugural 1925 Leidy Award of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia.
After complaints about the documentary titled The Hereditarily Diseased, the Carnegie Institution of Washington appointed Jennings to review the work of Harry H. Laughlin at the Institution's Eugenics Record Office, then part of what has become the Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory. Jennings found falsified data and manipulated conclusions, and Laughlin was forced out. In 1930, he published The Biological Basis of Human Nature, discussing eugenics, genetic influence on human traits, and criticizing simplistic interpretations of heritability based on Mendelism, emphasizing gene-environment interaction & polygenicity; Sonneborn would describe the impact of The Biological Basis of Human Nature as widespread: "Probably no book by a geneticist has been so widely quoted by American workers in the fields of education, sociology, anthropology, and psychology. In spite of inevitable misquotation and misinterpretation, it has exercised a distinctly salutary effect on those fields and is to a large extent responsible for whatever they have assimilated in this country from modern genetics."
# Martha Mercader

Martha Evelina Mercader (February 27, 1926 – February 17, 2010) was an Argentine politician and writer, known for novels, short stories, essays and children's books.
Mercader was born in La Plata, Argentina, in 1926. She died on February 17, 2010, in Buenos Aires at the age of 83.
# The Skerries, Isle of Anglesey

The Skerries (Welsh: Ynysoedd y Moelrhoniaid) (grid reference SH268948), coming from the Old Norse word sker, are a group of sparsely vegetated rocky islets (skerries), with a total area of about 17 hectares (42 acres) lying 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) offshore from Carmel Head at the northwest corner of Anglesey, Wales. The islands are important as a breeding site for seabirds, and they attract divers, who come to visit the numerous shipwrecks. The Skerries Lighthouse sits atop the highest point in the islands.
The islands can be visited by charter boat from Holyhead. The individual islets are accessible from one another at low tide and by small bridges.
The name "Skerry" is the Scottish diminutive of the Old Norse "sker", and means a small rocky reef or island. The Welsh name for these islands, 'Ynysoedd y Moelrhoniaid', means "Islands of the Seals". An alternative name provided by some English-language sources is 'St Daniel's Isle'.

## Seabirds

The islands have a seabird colony, which is particularly important for the Arctic tern, numbers of which are nationally important; the roseate tern breeds occasionally in very small numbers. In 2018 two roseate tern chicks fledged here for the first time in a decade. The following species also breed: Atlantic puffin, black-legged kittiwake, common tern, herring gull and lesser black-backed gull.
Because of these birds, in particular the terns, the island has been designated as part of the Ynys Feurig, Cemlyn Bay and The Skerries Special Protection Area along with two other nearby sites, Cemlyn Bay and Ynys Feurig, and all three are also classed by BirdLife International as an Important Bird Area. The Skerries have also been designated as a Site of Special Scientific Interest.
Terns interchange regularly between all three sites, and form part of a larger Irish Sea tern population together with birds at sites in Ireland such as Rockabill Island. The islands are wardened by the RSPB during the tern breeding season, and management measures they have undertaken here include control of introduced tree mallow (Lavatera arborea) and provision of nestboxes; these measures as aimed particularly at helping to increase the attractiveness of the site to breeding roseate terns, although it is accepted that the future number of pairs of this species here is primarily dependent on the overall health of the Irish Sea population.
The site came to national attention among birders briefly in July 2005 when it attracted a sooty tern, a species which only a very small number of birders had previously seen in Britain.

## Tidal power

The area between the islands and mainland Anglesey is the site of the planned Skerries Tidal Stream Array, being developed by Marine Current Turbines and RWE npower.
# Mulab

Mulab (Persian: مولاب) may refer to:
# Kim Hong-kyun (rower)

Kim Hong-kyun (born 30 April 1989) is a South Korean rower. He competed in the men's lightweight double sculls event at the 2008 Summer Olympics.
# Franz Dereani

Franz Dereani (born 10 September 1875, date of death unknown) was an Austrian fencer. He competed in the individual foil and sabre events at the 1912 Summer Olympics.
# Kiya Husayn I

Kiya Husayn I (Persian: کیا حسین), was the third ruler of the Afrasiyab dynasty, ruling from 1403 till an unknown date. He was the son and successor of Iskandar-i Shaykhi. Kiya Husayn was later succeeded by his son, Luhrasp.

## Sources

* Bosworth, C. E. (1984). "ĀL-E AFRĀSĪĀB". Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. I, Fasc. 7. London u.a.: Routledge & Kegan Paul. pp. 742–743. Archived from the original on 2014-02-20.
| Preceded byIskandar-i Shaykhi | Afrasiyabid ruler 1403-? | Succeeded byLuhrasp |
* This biography of an Iranian ruler or member of a royal family is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Gerard Kockelmans

Gerard Kockelmans (May 5, 1925 in Meerssen - September 7, 1965 in Beek), was a Dutch composer, conductor and music teacher.
He studied at the conservatoires of Maastricht, The Hague and Utrecht, where Kees van Baaren, Sem Dresden and Henri Geraedts were among his teachers.
He mainly wrote choral music. Other works comprise masses, motets, chamber music and songs. He was a master of counterpoint. Although he was clearly influenced and inspired by the twelve-tone music, which was very popular in his day, he never completely embraced this style. Hence his music, although ‘modern’, sounds accessible and comprehensible. Towards the end of his life, he practiced the so-called ‘serial’ style of composition, which he developed himself.
As a choir conductor and music teacher, Kockelmans was influential in the music scene of Limburg. Amongst the choirs he conducted were the ‘Maartrichts mannenkoor’, ‘oratoriumvereniging Nieuw Leven’, ‘Mignon’ and ‘Maastrichter Staar’.
He was also an uncle of composer Hans Kockelmans.
# Eye in the Egg

Eye in the Egg (Estonian: Silm munas) is a 1962 oil on paper painting by the Estonian artist Ülo Sooster in the Tartu Art Museum.
This painting shows an abstract egg-shaped form that opens into an infinite number of such opened-egg-shaped forms. It was painted in the period after the artist was released from 7 years hard labor in a Soviet prison camp when he was living in Moscow on Sretensky Boulevard with several other artists then painting and working in the non-conformist style.
Sooster was experimenting at that time with motifs of the egg taken from René Magritte, and they symbolized for him infinity, evolution, and the experience of timelessness. There were so many repetitions of the egg in later works by Sooster that his grave has a stone egg on it. On 1 December 1962 this work was shown in Moscow in an exhibition at Moscow Manege, hoping to gain Soviet recognition for their modernist art, but which sadly backfired, with the exhibitors receiving an angry reprimand from Khrushchev.
The edges of the egg shapes are contoured to look almost as if made in metal in a trompe-l'œil effect.
# Industrial Skills Qualification

Industrial Skills Qualification (ISQ) is a post-secondary vocational qualification in Brunei. It is a Level 2 qualification in the country's national qualifications framework and in the same level as the academic O Level qualification. ISQ was introduced in 2013 and is awarded in the Institute of Brunei Technical Education; entry into ISQ programmes is for Year 9 leavers in the current education system, the 21st Century National Education System (Malay: Sistem Pendidikan Negara Abad Ke-21) or commonly known as SPN21, or Form Three leavers in pre-SPN21.
# List of storms named Deanna

The name Deanna was used for two tropical cyclones in the Northwestern Pacific Ocean:
* Tropical Storm Deanna (1992) – a weak tropical storm that did not affect land.
* Tropical Storm Deanna (1995) – a weak tropical storm that made landfall in The Philippines and Taiwan.
# 7th government of Turkey

The 7th government of Turkey (5 May 1931 – 1 March 1935) was a government in the history of Turkey. It is also called the sixth İnönü government.

## Background

Following the elections held on 4 May 1931, the former cabinet led by İsmet İnönü of the Republican People's Party ended. İsmet İnönü founded the new cabinet.

## The government

In the list below, the cabinet members who served only a part of the cabinet's lifespan are shown in the column "Notes".
| Title | Name | Notes |
| Prime Minister | İsmet İnönü | |
| Ministry of Justice | Yusuf Kemal Tengirşenk Şükrü Saracoğlu | 4 May 1931 – 23 May 1933 23 May 1933 – 1 March 1935 |
| Ministry of National Defense | Zekai Apaydın | |
| Ministry of the Interior | Şükrü Kaya | |
| Ministry of Foreign Affairs | Tevfik Rüştü Aras | |
| Ministry of Finance | Abdülhalik Renda Fuat Ağralı | 4 May 1931 – 3 February 1934 3 February 1934 – 1 March 1935 |
| Ministry of National Education | Esat Sagay Reşit Galip Hikmet Bayur Zeynel Abidin Özmen | 4 May 1931 – 19 September 1932 10 November 1932 – 13 August 1933 27 October 1933 – 9 July 1934 9 July 1934 – 1 March 1935 |
| Ministry of Public Works | Hilmi Uran Ali Çetinkaya | 4 May 1931 – 26 October 1933 16 February 1934 – 1 March 1935 |
| Ministry of Health and Social Security | Refik Saydam | |
| Ministry of Agriculture | Muhlis Erkmen | |
| Ministry of Customs and Monopolies | Ali Rana Tarhan | |
| Ministry of Economy | Şeref Özkan Celal Bayar | 4 May 1931 – 8 September 1932 10 November 1932 – 1 March 1935 |

## Aftermath

The government ended after the elections held on 8 February 1935.
# Tatai Wildlife Sanctuary

Tatai Wildlife Sanctuary (Khmer: ដែនជម្រកសត្វព្រៃតាតៃ) is a protected area in southwest Cambodia created in 2016, covering 144,275 ha (356,510 acres). Located in the Cardamom Mountains, the area is threatened by sand dredging and processing, by the filling-in of water bodies, and by land-grabbing. In 2021, 26,103 ha (64,500 acres) were cut from the wildlife sanctuary in a PADDD event. Local communities have been displaced into the protected area from nearby areas following the creation of the 246-megawatt Stung Tatai hydropower dam by China National Machinery Industry Corporation in 2014.
Part of the protected area forms part of the Southern Cardamom REDD+ Project (SCRP).

## Project Tiger

In 2007, the Indochinese tiger was last spotted in the country on a camera trap. In 2016, the Cambodian government declared that the tiger was "functionally extinct". In April 2023, India signed a memorandum of understanding with Cambodia to assist the country with the tiger's reintroduction. At least 90 acres (36 hectares) of the cardamom rainforest could be used to host Bengal tigers that are imported from India.
# Enrico Pompili

Enrico Pompili (born 1968 in Bolzano) is an Italian pianist.
A native of Bolzano, he won several Italian national competitions before receiving recognition at the Dublin International Piano Competition. In 1994 he was second to Viktor Lyadov at the Hamamatsu Competition, and next year he was awarded the 2nd prize at the XIII Paloma O'Shea Santander International Piano Competition - 1st prize void. This success launched his international career starting from 1996.
He has recorded Niccolò Castiglioni (Col Legno) and Alberto Ginastera's complete piano works (Phoenix Classics). He has released a collection of solo and two piano works by American composer Michael Glenn Williams on the Stradivarius label.
# Pringle Bay

Pringle Bay (Afrikaans: Pringlebaai) is a small, coastal village in the Overberg region of the Western Cape, in South Africa. It is situated at the foot of Hangklip, on the opposite side of False Bay from Cape Point. The town and surrounds are part of the Kogelberg Biosphere Reserve, a UNESCO Heritage Site. The bay is named after Rear-Admiral Thomas Pringle, of the Royal Navy, who commanded the naval station at the Cape in the late 1790s.
Situated between Betty's Bay and Gordon's Bay, many of the houses in the small community are only used as holiday houses by their owners. It is accessed by the R44, which connects it to the N2.
Pringle Bay is well known for the Hangklip (hanging rock) that leans out to sea and marks the eastern end of False Bay. The Hangklip Mountain at 484m above sea level is packed with numerous natural caves, and was once a refuge for bandits and slaves escaping their Dutch masters, hence the mountain cave being named "Drostersgat" - Deserters Cave.
# Alessandra Ammara

Alessandra Ammara (born Florence, Italy, 1972) is an Italian classical pianist and piano teacher.

## Biography

Alessandra Ammara performed at Musikverein in Wien, at Festspielhaus in Salzburg, at Philharmonie in Berlin and at the Concertgebouw in Amsterdam. Her debut in Washington was reviewed by The Washington Post''. Since 1999, she forms a piano duet with her husband Roberto Prosseda. In May 2013, after some years dedicated to the family and her two young children, Alessandra Ammara has come back in the international concert career.

## Recordings

* Caetani: Piano Music (Brilliant Classics 94909, 2014)
* DVD "The Chigi Recital", including complete performances of Chopin's 24 Preludes and Ravel's Gaspard de la Nuit (Continuo Records, 2013) ]
* Ravel: Miroirs, Gaspard de la Nuit, Sonatine, Jeaux d'eau, Sérénade grotesque (Arts, 2013)
* Schumann: Album for the Young op. 68 (Arts, 2011) ]
* Schumann: Carnaval, Davidsbündlertänze (Arts, 2010)
* Scelsi: Preludes (Arts, 2009) ]
* Chopin: 4 Ballades, Fantaisie, Barcarolle (Arts, 2008)
* Chopin: Polonaises (CD part of the Chopin Complete Piano Works, Brilliant Classics, 2009)
* Debussy: Images, Scriabin: Etudes op. 42, Chopin: 24 Preludes op. 28 (Arktos, 2003)
# Vincenzo Tommasini

Vincenzo Tommasini (17 September 1878 – 23 December 1950) was an Italian composer.
Born in Rome, Tommasini studied philology and the Greek language at the University of Rome, at the same time pursuing equally intensive studies in music at the Academy of St. Cecilia. In 1902 he traveled extensively throughout Europe; during this time he studied under Max Bruch in Berlin. He first achieved note with a one-act opera, Uguale fortuna, which won a national competition. His biggest success internationally was his 1916 arrangement of keyboard sonatas by Domenico Scarlatti for the Sergei Diaghilev ballet in The Good-Humoured Ladies (Le donne di buon umore). It was he and Arturo Toscanini who completed Arrigo Boito's unfinished opera Nerone.
Tommasini was a leading figure in the revival of orchestral music in twentieth-century Italy. Among his other works are Paesaggi toscani (Tuscan Landscapes) for orchestra and a set of variations, also for orchestra, on the Carnival of Venice.

## Selected filmography

* A Pistol Shot (1942)
# Ivan Alexeyevich Gagarin

Ivan Alexeyevich Gagarin (Russian: Иван Алексеевич Гагарин; 16 September 1771, Moscow – 12 October 1832, Moscow) was a Russian Imperial Senator and Active Privy Councillor, from the princely Gagarin family.

## Biography

He was born to the Privy Councilor, Alexei Ivanovich Gagarin, and his wife, Irina Grigorievna, daughter of the military officer and statesman, Grigory Alexeyevich Urusov [ru]. At the age of only two, he was enrolled in the Preobrazhensky Regiment then, at the age of five, in the Izmaylovsky Regiment. When he began his active service, in 1790, he became a Praporshchik (Ensign), and was sent to fight in the Russo-Turkish War. For his participation in the Siege of Izmail, he was promoted to Podporuchik (Second-Lieutenant), and was awarded the Order of St. George, 4th degree. Further promotions followed and, in 1795, he was named a Chamberlain.
In 1799, he was appointed an Equerry at the court of Grand Duchess Elena Pavlovna and later held the same position under Grand Duchess Catherine Pavlovna. In 1810, he was appointed Manager of her court in Tver. For his many years of service, he was awarded the Order of Saint Anna and the Order of Saint Alexander Nevsky. In 1819, he was named a Senator.
In the latter part of 1820, together with Pyotr Andreyevich Kikin and Alexander Dmitriev-Mamonov, he was instrumental in founding the Imperial Society for the Encouragement of the Arts; dedicated to "promoting the dissemination of fine arts in Russia; approving and encouraging the talents of Russian artists". He served as one of the first members of its governing committee.
In 1826, for thirty-five years of service, he was awarded the Order of Saint Vladimir and, the following year, was appointed to the Supreme Criminal Court [ru], charged with judging the Decembrists. He died in 1832, aged sixty-one, and was interred in the cemetery at Novospassky Monastery.
He was married twice; first, in 1796, to Elizaveta Ivanovna Balabina (1773–1803), daughter of General Ivan Balabin [ru] and sister of Lieutenant-General Pyotr Balabin [ru]. They had six sons and she died in childbirth. Their fifth son was General Alexander Gagarin. His second wife (1828) was the actress, Ekaterina Semenova; his longtime mistress. They are known to have had three daughters and one son.
# Joseph-Ermend Bonnal

Joseph-Ermend Bonnal (1 July 1880 – 14 August 1944); also Ermend-Bonnal, alias Guy Marylis) was a French composer and organist.
Ermend-Bonnal received initial musical instruction from his father, a violinist. He then studied piano at the Conservatoire de Paris under Charles-Wilfrid de Bériot, harmony under Antoine Taudou, composition under Gabriel Fauré and organ under Alexandre Guilmant and Louis Vierne. He also assisted Charles-Marie Widor at Saint-Sulpice, Albert Périlhou at Saint-Séverin and Charles Tournemire at the Basilica of St. Clotilde.
In 1901, Ermend-Bonnal was appointed Organist at Saint-Médard, and subsequently at Notre Dame in Boulogne-sur-Seine. In 1920, he was offered a professorship in organ at the University of Strasbourg. However, he decided instead to accept a position as director of the Bayonne Conservatory, which he held until 1941. His most famous student was the composer Maurice Ohana. In 1942, he succeeded his teacher Tournemire at the Cavaillé-Coll Organ at Basilica of St. Clotilde.
The focus of Ermend-Bonnal's musical output is organ music (Paysages Euskariens, 1930; Media Vita, organ symphony, 1932). However, he also wrote in all other musical genres, ranging from children's pieces for piano to symphonies. Of his chamber music, two string quartets and a string trio especially deserve mention. He also wrote Ragtimes, One Steps and Tangos under the pseudonym Guy Marylis.
Ermend-Bonnal had six Children. Children that are still living today are Marylis Raoul-Duval, the eldest; Mayette Bonnal, and Francoise Bonnal, the youngest. Palay, Rataboul are some of the successors today.