OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Demolition by neglect

Demolition by neglect refers to the practice of allowing a building to deteriorate to the point that demolition becomes necessary or restoration becomes unreasonable. The practice has been used by property owners as a means of sidestepping historic preservation laws by providing justification for the demolition of historical buildings. In order to prevent demolition by neglect, a number of cities have adopted ordinances requiring property owners to properly maintain historical buildings.

## Challenges in Enforcement

Enforcing anti-neglect ordinances poses challenges, including distinguishing intentional neglect from other factors, addressing claims of financial hardship by property owners, and managing the high costs and time demands of legal proceedings.

## Notable Cases

Hotel Yugoslavia, Belgrade: This landmark faced potential demolition due to prolonged neglect, sparking public opposition and debates over heritage preservation.
India Buildings, Glasgow: After years of neglect, this historic structure was demolished, raising concerns about the loss of architectural heritage and the effectiveness of preservation laws.

## Preventive Measures

To prevent demolition by neglect, communities can implement strategies such as regular inspections to identify early signs of neglect, financial incentives like grants and tax credits to support maintenance, and public awareness programs to educate about the importance of preservation. Proactive measures help municipalities protect cultural and historical assets effectively.

## Artistic Interventions

In 2024, the anonymous street artist Lionel created an installation titled "Demolition by Neglect" on Guelph’s historic McQuillan Bridge. By wrapping the bridge in orange material, Lionel highlighted its deteriorating state and drew public attention to issues of cultural heritage preservation. This intervention spurred community discussions on the maintenance of historic structures and led to a swift response from local authorities, who addressed concerns about the bridge’s condition.
# Corciano Altarpiece

The Corciano Altarpiece is a 1513 painting by Perugino now in the parish church of Santa Maria in Corciano. It was produced following a past commission for Perugino to decorate the high altar of the parish church in Corciano.
It shows the Assumption of Mary, with Mary herself in a contrapposto pose inside a double mandorla, surrounded symmetrically by seraphim, with two angels praying and two playing musical instruments. On the lower register are the eleven apostles, with only John the Evangelist kneeling. In the background are a clear sky and gilded treeless hills, forming a valley.
Perugino largely used and adapted his existing drawings for the work, reusing angels from the scene of the Baptism of Christ in the Sant'Agostino Altarpiece and arranging the apostles as in the Annunziata Polyptych. The work also has a two-panel predella showing The Annunciation and The Adoration of the Christ Child.
# We've Got Your Number

We've Got Your Number was a BBC National Lottery game show broadcast on BBC One from 27 February to 22 May 1999. It was hosted by Brian Conley.

## Ratings

| Episode no. | Airdate | Viewers (millions) | BBC One weekly ranking |
| 1 | 27 February 1999 | 10.30 | 5 |
| 2 | 6 March 1999 | 9.62 | 9 |
| 3 | 13 March 1999 | 8.24 | 13 |
| 4 | 20 March 1999 | 9.43 | 5 |
| 5 | 27 March 1999 | 9.32 | 6 |
| 6 | 3 April 1999 | — | — |
| 7 | 10 April 1999 | 8.62 | 10 |
| 8 | 17 April 1999 | 7.95 | 16 |
| 9 | 24 April 1999 | 7.14 | 18 |
| 10 | 1 May 1999 | 8.44 | 9 |
| 11 | 8 May 1999 | 8.07 | 10 |
| 12 | 15 May 1999 | 7.83 | 11 |
| 13 | 22 May 1999 | 8.44 | 8 |
# Maria Tusch

Maria Tusch (1 December 1868 – 25 July 1939) was an Austrian trade unionist and politician. In 1919 she was one of eight women elected to the Constituent Assembly, becoming the country's first female parliamentarians. She remained in parliament until 1934, when she was arrested and imprisoned following the Austrian Civil War.

## Biography

Tusch was born Maria Pirtsch in Klagenfurt in 1868, the daughter of an unmarried maid. At the age of 12 she began working in a tobacco factory, where she became involved in trade unionism, eventually becoming a shop steward and then a member of the works council. This led her to enter politics and she rose to become chair of the women's committee of the Carinthia branch of the Social Democratic Party (SdP). She also sat on the municipal committee of Sankt Ruprecht [de], a suburb of Klagenfurt, She married Anton Tusch, a railway worker and fellow SdP member. The couple adopted a daughter.
Tusch was a SdP candidate in the 1919 Constituent Assembly elections and was one of eight women elected, becoming Austria's first female parliamentarians. She was re-elected in 1920, 1923, 1927 and 1930. During her time in parliament she focused on women's rights, World War I veterans and abortion rights.
She died of pneumonia in 1939.
# Coppa Titano

The Coppa Titano is the national football cup of San Marino. It was first awarded in 1937.

## Cup Winners

* 1937 : Libertas
not played from 1938 to 1949
* 1950 : Libertas
not played from 1951 to 1953
* 1954 : Libertas
not played from 1955 to 1957
* 1958 : Libertas
* 1959 : Libertas
* 1960 : not played
* 1961 : Libertas
not played from 1962 to 1964
* 1965 : Juvenes
* 1966 : Tre Fiori
* 1967 : Tre Penne
* 1968 : Juvenes
* 1969 : not assigned
* 1970 : Tre Penne
* 1971 : Tre Fiori
* 1972 : Domagnano
* 1973 : not assigned
* 1974 : Tre Fiori
* 1975 : Tre Fiori
* 1976 : Juvenes
* 1977 : Dogana
* 1978 : Juvenes
* 1979 : Dogana
* 1980 : Cosmos
* 1981 : Cosmos
* 1982 : Tre Penne
* 1983 : Tre Penne
* 1984 : Juvenes
* 1985 : Tre Fiori
* 1986 : La Fiorita 6-1 Tre Fiori
* 1987 : Libertas 0-0 (5-3) Tre Penne
* 1988 : Domagnano 2-1 La Fiorita
* 1989 : Libertas 2-0 La Fiorita
* 1990 : Domagnano 2-0 Juvenes
* 1991 : Libertas 2-0 Faetano
* 1992 : Domagnano 1-1 (4-2) Tre Fiori
* 1993 : Faetano 1-0 Libertas
* 1994 : Faetano 3-1 Folgore
* 1995 : Cosmos 0-0 (3-1) Faetano
* 1996 : Domagnano 2-0 Cosmos
* 1997 : Murata 2-0 Virtus
* 1998 : Faetano 4-1 Cosmos
* 1999 : Cosmos 5-1 Domagnano
* 2000 : Tre Penne 3-1 Folgore
* 2001 : Domagnano 1-0 Tre Fiori
* 2002 : Domagnano 6-1 Cailungo
* 2003 : Domagnano 1-0 Pennarossa
* 2004 : Pennarossa 3-0 Domagnano
* 2005 : Pennarossa 4-1 Tre Penne
* 2006 : Libertas 4-1 Tre Penne
* 2007 : Murata 2-1 Libertas
* 2008 : Murata 1-0 Juvenes/Dogana
* 2009 : Juvenes/Dogana 2-1 Domagnano
* 2010 : Tre Fiori 2-1 Tre Penne
* 2011 : Juvenes/Dogana 4-1 Virtus
* 2012 : La Fiorita 3-2 Pennarossa
* 2013 : La Fiorita 1-0 San Giovanni
* 2014 : Libertas 2-0 Faetano
* 2015 : Folgore/Falciano 5-0 Murata
* 2016 : La Fiorita 2-0 Pennarossa
* 2017 : Tre Penne 2–0 La Fiorita
* 2018 : La Fiorita 3–2 Tre Penne
* 2019 : Tre Fiori 1–0 Folgore
* 2020 : not assigned
* 2021 : La Fiorita 0–0 (10–9) Tre Fiori
* 2022 : Tre Fiori 3–1 Folgore
* 2023 : Virtus 3–1 Tre Penne

## Performance by club

| Club | Winners | Years |
| Libertas | 11 | 1937, 1950, 1954, 1958, 1959, 1961, 1987, 1989, 1991, 2006, 2014 |
| Domagnano | 8 | 1972, 1988, 1990, 1992, 1996, 2001, 2002, 2003 |
| Tre Fiori | 8 | 1966, 1971, 1974, 1975, 1985, 2010, 2019, 2022 |
| Tre Penne | 6 | 1967, 1970, 1982, 1983, 2000, 2017 |
| La Fiorita | 6 | 1986, 2012, 2013, 2016, 2018, 2021 |
| Juvenes | 5 | 1965, 1968, 1976, 1978, 1984 |
| Cosmos | 4 | 1980, 1981, 1995, 1999 |
| Faetano | 3 | 1993, 1994, 1998 |
| Murata | 3 | 1997, 2007, 2008 |
| Dogana | 2 | 1977, 1979 |
| Juvenes/Dogana | 2 | 2009, 2011 |
| Pennarossa | 2 | 2004, 2005 |
| Folgore/Falciano | 1 | 2015 |
| Virtus | 1 | 2023 |
# Nico Roozen

Nicolaas Josephus Maria "Nico" Roozen (born 22 April 1953 in Heemskerk) is a Dutch economist who, in collaboration with Frans van der Hoff and ecumenical development agency Solidaridad, launched Max Havelaar, the first Fairtrade certification initiative in 1988. Roozen played a key role in convincing several major Dutch retailers to offer Fairtrade goods, which later led to the commercial success of Fairtrade certification. On October 25, 2007, Nico Roozen was invested as an Officer of the Order of Orange Nassau for his years of dedication to Fairtrade.
In 1996, Roozen launched AgroFair, the first Fairtrade fruit company in Europe.
Until 2019, Nico Roozen was the executive director of the development agency Solidaridad. Currently, he is honorary president of the same organization.
# Yasujirō Shimazu

Yasujirō Shimazu (島津 保次郎, Shimazu Yasujirō, 3 June 1897 – 18 September 1945) was a Japanese film director and screenwriter, and a pioneer of the shōshimin-eiga (common people drama) genre at the Shōchiku studios in pre-World War II Japan.

## Biography

Shimazu was born in Tokyo, the second son of merchant Otojirō Shimazu. His father owned a long-established seaweed business named Kōshū-ya directly in front of the main Mitsukoshi department store in Nihonbashi.
Shimazu entered Shōchiku in 1920 after answering an advertisement and began training under Kaoru Osanai. He gave his debut as director in 1921 at Shōchiku's recently established Kamata studio, directing both comedy and melodrama films, often depicting the everyday life of the lower middle classes. Our Neighbor, Miss Yae (1934) and A Brother and His Younger Sister (1939) are regarded as his most exemplary and best films. By the end of the 1930s, he moved to Tōhō studios, where he made some films in cooperation with the Manchuria Film Association. He died of cancer just after the war ended. Many famous directors, such as Heinosuke Gosho, Shirō Toyoda, Kōzaburō Yoshimura, and Keisuke Kinoshita, started their careers as his assistant.

## Selected filmography

* 1930: The Belle (麗人, Reijin)
* 1931: Lifeline ABC (生活線ABC, Seikatsusen ABC)
* 1932: First Steps Ashore (上陸第一歩, Jōriku dai ippo)
* 1934: Our Neighbor, Miss Yae (隣の八重ちゃん, Tonari no Yae-chan)
* 1935: Okoto and Sasuke (春琴抄 お琴と佐助, Shunkinsho: Okoto to Sasuke)
* 1936: Family Meeting (家族会議, Kazoku kaigi)
* 1937: Three Crows' Engagement (婚約三羽烏, Kon'yaku sanbagarasu)
* 1937: The Lights of Asakusa (浅草の灯, Asakusa no hi)
* 1939: A Brother and His Younger Sister (兄とその妹, Ani to soto imōto)
* 1940: Totsugu hi made (嫁ぐ日まで)
# Banff Trail, Calgary

Banff Trail is a residential neighbourhood in the northwest quadrant of Calgary, Alberta. It is located northeast of the intersection of Crowchild Trail and Trans-Canada Highway, east of McMahon Stadium and the University of Calgary. The Banff Trail station of the CTrain LRT system serves the community, which contains a large motel village in the southwest corner.
It is named for the town of Banff, which in turn takes its name from Banffshire, Scotland. The adjoining Highway 1 connects the city of Calgary to Banff and Banff National Park. The community has an Area redevelopment plan in place.

## Demographics

In the City of Calgary's 2012 municipal census, Banff Trail had a population of 3,837 living in 1,950 dwellings, a 7.1% increase from its 2011 population of 3,582. With a land area of 1.5 km$^2$ (0.58 sq mi), it had a population density of 2,560/km$^2$ (6,630/sq mi) in 2012.
Residents in this community had a median household income of $49,996 in 2000, and there were 25.8% low income residents living in the neighbourhood. As of 2000, 15.3% of the residents were immigrants. A proportion of 35.8% of the buildings were condominiums or apartments, and 46.4% of the housing was used for renting.

## Crime

Crime Data :
| Year | Crime Rate (/100) |
| 2018 | 4.2 |
| 2019 | 5.3 |
| 2020 | 6.0 |
| 2021 | 6.8 |
| 2022 | 6.9 |
| 2023 | 4.3 |

## Education

The community is served by Branton Bilingual Junior High School and William Aberhart Bilingual Senior High public schools. The University of Calgary grounds border the community to the west, and the Southern Alberta Institute of Technology to the south.
# Certificate of Advanced Study

A Certificate of Advanced Study (CAS), also called an Advanced Certificate (AC), Certificate of Advanced Graduate Study (CAGS), or a Certificate of Advanced Professional Studies (CAPS), is a post-Master's academic certificate designed for professional and non traditional students, as well as practitioners who seek a continuing education program to enhance their professional development in fields such as liberal arts, education, library science, software engineering, area studies, data science, public policy, and management.

## Examples

Liberal Arts certificates of advanced graduate study are offered by some institutions that offer master's degrees in interdisciplinary liberal arts. These certificate programs are designed to hone critical thinking skills and personal knowledge of a chosen field, in addition to encouraging professional development. They typically require 30 hours of graduate study beyond the master's degree.
For some disciplines, this certificate requires a three-year post-bachelor's program equivalent to a Specialist degree. For example, School Psychologists must earn an MA/AC or CAS (Master's degree plus Advanced Certification) or Ed.S degree in order to practice in a school setting or be eligible for national certification. These are all Specialist-level degrees due to a required 1200-hour internship experience and 60+ hours of graduate study.
Library and information science CAS programs are intended to allow students to closely focus on a particular sub-area of library and information science after earning a master's degree in the discipline. Some students advance directly to the CAS after finishing their master's degree, others return for a CAS after working in the field. The certificate generally takes one to two years to complete, including a culminating cumulative exam or extensive project. Such programs are offered by many, but not all, of the U.S. institutions of higher education that issue American Library Association-accredited master's degrees.
At the University of Lausanne and EPFL, a Certificate of Advanced Studies is awarded upon completion of a programme comprising at least 120 contact hours (resulting in between 10 and 29 ECTS credits), a written examination and, in certain cases, a dissertation.
Some CAGS are connected to an existing doctoral program such as PhD in Organizational Leadership: for example, PhD students receive a CAGS in Leadership Studies after completing their 2 years of doctoral study at Eastern University.
# Pulai

Pulai is a suburban area in the city of Iskandar Puteri, Mukim Pulai, district Johor Bahru, state of Johor, Malaysia

## Name

Pulai was named after Pulai River. Pulai is a species of tree (sp. Alstonia angustiloba). The tree can be found in abundance at Mount Pulai where Pulai River come from.

## List of development in Pulai

* Taman Pulai Mutiara
* Taman Pulai Indah
* Taman Perling
* Kangkar Pulai
* Gelang Patah
* Iskandar Puteri
* Horizon Hills
* Mutiara Rini
* Bukit Indah
* Taman Unversiti
* Taman Pulai Hijauan
* Taman Pulai Makmur (BBKP)
* Taman Pulai Ria (BBKP)
* Taman Pulai Mesra (BBKP)
* Taman Pulai Tuah (BBKP)
* Taman Pulai Ceria (BBKP)
* Taman Pulai Bestari (BBKP)
* Taman Pulai Emas
* Bandar Pulai Jaya
* Taman Sri Pulai Perdana
* Taman Sri Pulai Perdana 2
* Taman Sri Pulai
* Taman Teratai
* Taman Desa Permai
* Taman Nusa Bestari
* Tanan Ungku Tun Aminah

## List of Villages in Pulai

* Kampung Melayu Kangkar Pulai
* Kangkar Pulai Old Town
* Kampung Nesa
* Kampung Ladang Keck Seng
# Leptopelis christyi

Leptopelis christyi, also known as the Christy's tree frog or Christy's forest treefrog, is a species of frog in the family Arthroleptidae. It is known with confidence from eastern and northeastern Democratic Republic of Congo, southern and western Uganda, and northwestern Tanzania. It is likely to occur in Burundi and Rwanda, possibly ranging further in East Africa. There is an isolated population in Cameroon and Gabon that might represent a distinct species.

## Etymology

The specific name christyi honours Dr. Cuthbert Christy, a British army doctor who collected the holotype.

## Description

Adult males measure 36–41 mm (1.4–1.6 in) and adult females 55–62 mm (2.2–2.4 in) in snout–vent length. The tympanum is large, about half to three-fourths of the diameter of the eye. The dorsum often bears a dark, forward-pointing triangle. Most individuals have a light, irregular lateral line. Also a green colour phase might be present. Males have pectoral glands. The male advertisement call is a single, rather tonal clack.

## Habitat and conservation

Leptopelis christyi occurs in lowland, montane and gallery forests, as well as in more open habitats such as savanna woodland at elevations of 1,000–2,100 m (3,300–6,900 ft) above sea level, possibly higher. It occurs also in degraded forest habitats. It is an arboreal species, but the eggs are deposited on the ground; flooding washes the tadpoles in water.
L. christyi is a common and adaptable species that is not exposed to any significant threats. It is found in Kibale National Park (Uganda), Virunga National Park (Democratic Republic of Congo), and Garamba National Park (Democratic Republic of Congo), and probably occurs in many other protected areas.
# Sattar Doraji

Sajjad Doraji (Persian: ستار دراجی) is an Iranian football forward who plays for Naft Masjed Soleyman in the Iran Pro League.

## Club career

Doraji started his career with youth academies in Ahvaz. He was part of Foolad U19 during the 2011–12 season. He also captained Naft Ahvaz U21 in the 2013–14 Iranian U21 Premier League. In summer 2014 he joined the Naft Masjed Soleyman training camp and was accepted in technical test by Majid Bagherinia. He made his debut for Naft Masjed Soleyman on 19 September 2014 against Naft Tehran as substitute for Milad Zeneyedpour.

## Club career statistics

    As of 30 October 2014.
| Club | Division | Season | League | League | Hazfi Cup | Hazfi Cup | Asia | Asia | Total | Total |
| Club | Division | Season | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Naft MIS | Pro League | 2014–15 | 3 | 0 | 2 | 0 | – | – | 5 | 0 |
| Career Totals | Career Totals | Career Totals | 3 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 0 |
# Soltan Mohammad Mirza

Soltan Mohammad Mirza (Persian: سلطان محمد میرزا), also known as Ruzak Mirza or Reza Khodabandeh Mirza, after his grandfather, was the third known son of Safavid Shah Abbas the Great (r. 1588-1629).
He was born in 1597 or 1598 and was blinded in 1620–21 on the orders of his father.
# General Executive Agency of Court Decision

General Executive Agency of Court Decision (GEACD, Mongolian: Шүүхийн шийдвэр гүйцэтгэх ерөнхий газар) is an agency of the government of Mongolia. It serves as that country's prison service.
# Ganj Aliabad

Ganj Aliabad (Persian:گنج علی آباد) may refer to:
* Ganj Aliabad-e Olya
* Ganj Aliabad-e Sofla
# King of Wales

Latin versions of "King of Wales" (Welsh: Brenin Cymru) were titles used on a handful of occasions in the Middle Ages. They were very seldom claimed or applied by contemporaries, because Wales, much like Ireland, usually had neither the political unity nor the sovereignty of other contemporary European kingdoms such as England and Scotland. While many early rulers of areas within Wales used the title of "King", they were not, and did not claim to be, rulers of all Wales.
Geoffrey of Monmouth's History of the Kings of Britain achieved wide circulation from 1136. It has almost no historical value, but it popularised a fictitious list of legendary kings of Britain that remains central to the stories that make up the Matter of Britain.

## King

Many early rulers of areas within Wales used titles (Rex, Brenin) now translated by "King". With one exception they were not, and did not claim to be, rulers of all Wales. Wales, much like Ireland, usually had neither the political unity nor the sovereignty of other contemporary European kingdoms such as England and Scotland.

### Kings of Wales or of Britain

Geoffrey of Monmouth's work of fantasy, the History of the Kings of Britain, achieved wide popularity from 1136. It has no independent value as history, but it produced a list of legendary kings of Britain that remains influential.

#### Gruffydd ap Llywelyn

The modern territory of Wales was briefly united under the rule of Gruffydd (or Gruffudd) ap Llywelyn from 1055 to 1063. Gruffydd was "the only Welsh king ever to rule over the entire territory of Wales... Thus, from about 1057 until his death in 1063, the whole of Wales recognised the kingship of... Gruffudd ap Llywelyn". Some modern authors have applied to Gruffydd the title of King of Wales. "In 1055 he conquered Deheubarth as well, thus becoming in effect King of Wales". The later Brut y Tywysogion described him as being "the head and shield of the Britons". John of Worcester referred to him, several decades later, as Rex Walensium, King of the Welsh.
After Gruffydd's betrayal and death at the hands of his own men, Wales again became disunited, and was reunited only by the Conquest of Wales by Edward I.

#### Owain Gwynedd

The title King of Wales was later used by Owain Gwynedd (c. 1100–1170), who actually ruled only Gwynedd. In his first two letters to Louis VII of France, Owain described himself as "king of Wales" and "king of the Welsh". Nevertheless, his last letter to Louis used the title Princeps; Owain was also the first to claim the title of Prince of Wales.

### Prince of Wales

Since the death of Owain Glyndŵr in 1415, the title of Prince of Wales has only been held by non-native heirs to the English (and later British) monarchy.
# Service of marriage

The service of marriage (Old French: service de mariage) was a legal obligation in the Kingdom of Jerusalem of a female vassal towards her lord. Since her sex precluded her from rendering personal military service, marriage was regarded as a service a liegewoman could perform instead.
When summoned, the vassal had to choose a husband among three candidates presented to her by her lord. The lord was obliged to suggest only men who were not inferior in rank to her or to any former husband she may have had. The intention was to attach to her fief a consort who could render personal service to her lord. A widowed heiress could not be compelled to remarry for a year and a day after her husband's death.
A vassal's widow had the right to rule his lands on behalf of their minor child, but if she refused to perform the service of marriage, the lord was allowed by law to take over the management of the child's land. Otherwise, jurists Balian of Sidon, John of Beirut, and Ralph of Tiberias disagreed on which penalty a liegewoman should be subjected to if she withheld the service of marriage.
In the early 13th century, lords frequently treated cases arbitrarily. Beatrice, heiress of Joscelin of Courtenay, violated her feudal contract by marrying Otto of Henneberg without King Aimery's permission, but the couple were not hindered from granting their lands to the Teutonic Knights after the king's death. A regent could punish the liegewoman for such an infringement of her lord's rights by confiscating her fief, but the measure ceased to have effect when the regency ended. King Hugh failed to enforce the service of marriage from the lady of Beirut, Isabella, who was put under the protection of the Egyptian ruler Baibars by her husband, Hamo le Strange.
# Made in Ash

Made in Ash (Slovak: Až do mesta Aš) is a 2012 Slovak-Czech drama film directed by Iveta Grófová. The film was selected as the Slovak entry for the Best Foreign Language Oscar at the 85th Academy Awards, but did not make the final shortlist.

## Cast

* Dorotka Billa as Dorotka
* Maria Billa
* Jarka Bucincova
* Silvia Halusicova
* Robin Schmidt
# Dagetichthys

Dagetichthys is a genus of soles. They are found in salt and brackish water in the East Atlantic and Eastern Indian Ocean, but D. lakdoensis is restricted to fresh water in Cameroon.

## Taxonomy

Dagetichthys was previously a monotypic genus which contained just D. lakdoensis. Synaptura was considered an incorrect designation by the ICZN and their species were added here.

## Species

Three species are recognized as valid:
* Dagetichthys lakdoensis Stauch & Blanc, 1964
* Dagetichthys lusitanicusa (Brito Capello, 1868)
* Dagetichthys marginatus (Boulenger, 1900)