OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# William Diver

William Diver (July 20, 1921 – August 31, 1995) was an American linguist. He was the founder of the Columbia School of Linguistics, which is named after Columbia University, where he received his Ph.D. in comparative Indo-European linguistics.
Although his background lay mainly in the linguistics of ancient languages, his approach to linguistics was uniquely modern and scientific. His lectures were sprinkled with references to the history and the methodology of science. He believed that science is explanation, not description or prediction, and he compared the explanatory power of the Copernican astronomical system with the explanatory weakness of the epicycles of the Ptolemaic system, both of which had equal descriptive and predictive power. He also believed that the purpose of language was chiefly communication, and his linguistic analyses reflected that orientation, along with that of human psychology and physiology. In other words, those orientations helped him to explain why languages take the forms they do.
During Diver’s career, most popular schools of linguistic thought tended towards pure formalism, based on traditional categories and entities, such as the parts of speech and the sentence. While this schools rejected prescriptivism and the idealization of the standard language, Diver stood almost alone in rejecting traditional entities that had no specific function, such as the syllable and the mechanistic interpretation of "government" or "agreement." He analyzed language as a form of human behavior, rather than as an idealized expression of truth. The article on the Columbia School of Linguistics has more details and successful application of Diver's methodology.

## Life

Born in Chicago, Diver received his B.A. from Lawrence College in 1942, his M.A. in English literature from Harvard and his Ph.D. in comparative Indo-European linguistics from Columbia University. He served in the US Navy during World War II and earned the Legion of Merit. He taught linguistics from 1955 to 1989 at Columbia University. He died at 74 while he was on a sailing vacation in Nantucket.

## Works

* Language, Communication and Human Behavior: The Linguistic Essays of William Diver. Huffman, A. & Davis, J. (eds). Leiden/Boston: Brill (2012).
* "The system of relevance of the Homeric verb," Acta Linguistica Hafniensia 12, 45-68 (1969).
* "Substance and value in linguistic analysis," in Semiotext(e) 1, 13-30 (1974).
* "Phonology as human behavior," in D. Aaronson and R. Rieber (eds.) Psycholinguistic research: implications and applications. Hillsdale, N.Y.: Lawrence Erlbaum Assoc., pp. 161–182 (1979).
* "Theory," in E. Contini-Morava and B. Goldberg (eds.) Meaning as explanation: Advances in sign-based linguistics. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter (1995).
# Elizabeth Dawbarn

Elizabeth Dawbarn (died 1839) was an English nurse and pamphleteer from Wisbech, Cambridgeshire. She wrote about the nature of Christ, the influence that women can exert on men, and the rights and needs of young children. Her works were distributed through the English Baptist movement.

## Life

Born as Elizabeth Saltonstall, she had come from Alford, Lincolnshire and was described as "a lady of substance". She is said to have been the only surviving member of a family descended from Samuel Saltonstall, the elder brother of Richard Saltonstall, Lord Mayor of London from 1597 to 1598.
Little is known of her before she married Richard Bunbury Dawbarn of Wisbech, Cambridgeshire on 30 April 1782. She then encouraged her husband to leave the Church of England and join the Particular Baptist congregation in Wisbech. He later became a Baptist preacher. Their eight children were Mary (1783–1828), Thomas (1785–1863), Richard (1786–1826), John (1789–1849), Elizabeth (born 1790), Ann (1795–1863), Robert (1799–1888) and Frances (died 1801). Her husband predeceased her in 1829 at the age of 72.
A later pamphlet of hers on child care is addressed to her daughter Elizabeth. Little more is known of her private life.

## Works

Dawbarn's religious writings, addressed to children and to adults, are centred on the Old Testament, and are intended to demonstrate "the historical and symbolic connection between the Old and the New Testaments". The Eternal Existence of the Son of God (1800) shows parallel literal and symbolic readings of the Old Testament in its treatment of Proverbs 8.
In the Young Person's Assistant in Reading the Old Testament (published in 1806, second edition 1816) Dawbarn writes in the person of a mother to her children. She underlines the importance of instilling Christianity into them and pauses to define difficult terms and passages. Her work on the nature of Christ probably dates from 1800, and that on The Rights of Infants; or, a Letter from a mother to a daughter, relative to the nursing of infants from 1805. The latter presses for the importance of infant care and of kindly commonsense in applying it.
Dawbarn's earlier anonymous, Dialogue between Clara Neville and Louisa Mills, on Loyalty (1794) is strongly conservative in its preference for monarchy over liberty. It underlines the importance to God of comforting the poor and the influence that women can exert over men in this respect. In 1805 she published an anthology of writings against the theatre: Sentiments selected from Writers of Ancient and Modern Celebrity concerning Theatrical Amusements. Presented to Mrs. T. Robertson, author of "An Answer to the Effusions of Gratitude, &c."
Dawbarn's writings were published locally in Wisbech, but they were disseminated more widely through the Baptist movement.

## Note

Elizabeth Yelverton of Liverpool married Elizabeth Dawbarn's grandson William Dawbarn in 1843, becoming another Elizabeth Dawbarn.
# Sbamm!

Sbamm! is a 1980 Italian comedy film directed by Francesco Abussi, starring Ezio Greggio.

## Cast

* Ezio Greggio as Pallone
* Valeria D'Obici as Pallone's girlfriend
* El Pasador as the record producer
* Cristina Moffa as the tourist guide
* Umberto Carollo as Quercia
# Trzemuszka

Trzemuszka is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Kotuń, within Siedlce County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately 5 kilometres (3 mi) south-west of Kotuń, 18 km (11 mi) west of Siedlce, and 70 km (43 mi) east of Warsaw.
# Astrakhan metropolitan area

The Astrakhan metropolitan area (Russian: Астраханская агломерация) is a metropolitan area in the Volga Delta area of Astrakhan Oblast, Russia centered around its capital city, Astrakhan.
It is one of the most multicultural urban areas in the country. The three largest ethnic communities are Russians (58.9%), Kazakhs (14.3%) and Tatars (7.3%). Various Dagestani peoples make up a few more percent. Smaller but significant communities include Armenians, Ukrainians, Chechens, Jews and the Roma.

## Borders

While the term agglomeration, synonymous to metro area, is commonly used by various government agencies and media outlets in Russia, it does not have a legal definition. That makes precise population and area figures as well as definite borders unavailable for most such areas in the country. This is the case for Astrakhan, too. A map by the Ministry of Transport suggests that the metropolitan region covers the entirety of Astrakhan City and Privolzhsky District as well as parts of Kamyzyaksky, Ikryaninsky, Krasnoyarsky, Narimanovsky, and Volodarsky districts. It does not specify which municipalities of the latter districts belong to the agglomeration and only shows a rough approximation of where it ends, so all of these districts will be counted in their entirety when it comes to population figures on this page.
The metropolitan area includes ten localities with a population of over 5,000 people each, as well as dozens of smaller villages scattered between them.
| Locality | Type | Population |
| Astrakhan | city, oblast seat | 529,793 |
| Kamyzyak | city, district seat | 15,749 |
| Krasny Yar | village, district seat | 12,214 |
| Narimanov | city, district seat | 10,764 |
| Volodarsky | settlement, district seat | 10,136 |
| Ikryanoye | village, district seat | 10,036 |
| Krasnye Barrikady | settlement | 6,397 |
| Starokucherganovka | village | 6,343 |
| Nachalovo | village, district seat | 5,451 |
| Solyanka | village | 5,332 |
# Saaremaa Waltz

Saaremaa Waltz (Estonian: Saaremaa valss) is an Estonian song (schlager) written in 1949 by Raimond Valgre. The words of the song come from the poem Talgud Lööne soos by Debora Vaarandi.
Georg Ots recorded a version in 1950.
The song is popular also in Finland. The Finnish lyrics were written by Ilkka Kortesniemi.
# Highland Konjo language

Highland Konjo is an Austronesian language of Sulawesi, Indonesia, which belongs to the Makassaric branch of the South Sulawesi subgroup. It is spoken in the interior parts of Bone, Bulukumba, Gowa, and Sinjai regencies of South Sulawesi province, in the area to the northwest of Mount Lompobatang. It is closely related to, but distinct from Coastal Konjo, which also belongs to the Makassaric languages.
# Rafiq Shinwari

Mohammad Rafiq Shinwari (Pashto: محمد رفیق شینواری) was a singer and composer of Pashto music. Though he also tried his luck with Pashto poetry and wrote a few poems as well but it was his compositions for early Pashto movies that earned him a big name in this field.
A disciple of Abdul Sattar Bacha, he was brought to Bacha's abode by his mother as a child in late 1940s from Nangarhar, Afghanistan. Rafiq Shinwari started his career as a Qawali singer of Radio Pakistan Peshawar Studio in 1961. Subsequently he became a household name among the Pashtun population of both Afghanistan and Pakistan in the 1970s and 1980s. He primarily sang the Sufi Poetry of Ameer Hamza Shinwari and Rahman Baba. Himself a Sufi by heart, Ustad Shinwari used to sing in a rare husky voice, which would leave his audience in a state of trance. As a music director some of his Pashto movies include Orbal, Ehsan, Qaidi, Dameena, Topak Zama Qanoon, Iqrar, Naway Da Yawai Shpai, and Khana Badosh.
Out of his two sons, namely, Shaifq and Ghulam Ali, the later committed suicide in 1988 due to unknown reasons.
In 2004, the Rafiq Shinwari Ulasi award was established in his honour.
# Orfanato (São Paulo Metro)

Orfanato is a metro station under construction in São Paulo Metro Line 2-Green. It is part of the expansion project of Line 2 between Vila Prudente and Dutra (Guarulhos), estimated to be opened in mid-2026.

## History

The first project for a station in Rua do Orfanato was made in the mid-2000s as part of Companhia do Metropolitano de São Paulo project "Rede Distributiva". In the end of the 2000s, the project was modified, but kept Orfanato station. It was deepened in 2012, when it was publicly presented. After that, the State Government published the expropriation Executive Orders necessary for the construction of the station, including Orfanato. Divided in 8 lots, the expansion project was bid in September 2014. Orfanato station is part of Lot 3 (next to Água Rasa station and its respective ventilation pits), won by builder Mendes Júnior. Due to the 2014 Brazilian economic crisis, the service order was suspended between 2015 and 2019, and only demolition service of the expropriated areas were made, which began in September 2017. The long stoppage period caused the areas to cause urban degradation in the surroundings of the future stations, increasing the number of complaint from local residents and raising expectation in the construction.
Besides that, the implantation and architectural project were developed during this period by Infra7 Engenharia and Mendes Júnior.
After almost 6 years suspended, the service order was given on 17 January 2020.

## Toponymy

After beneficent campaigns made in São Paulo, on 15 February 1895, Italian priest José Marchetti (1869-1896) created Cristóvão Colombo Orphanage. Some time later, Marchetti projected the implantation of a second unit in the recent-founded borough of Vila Prudente to split up boys and girls. The construction began in 1896 and, after a long time of stoppage and lack of resources, it was concluded in 1904. Cristóvão Colombo Orphanage of Vila Prudente was opened on 5 August 1904. Because it was a large building in that block, it became a geographic and social reference point. The street of the allotment was named by local residents as "Rua do Orfanato", name officialized by Municipal Executive Order N° 972, of 24 August 1916. The Orphanage was managed for many years by priest Marchetti's sister, Sister Assunta Marchetti (1871-1948). After his death, Vila Prudente Orphanage was renamed after her (Sister Assunta Marchetti House). Currently, it is a mixed shelter, receiving children and teenagers in situation of social vulnerability forwarded by the Judiciary.
The toponymic study made by Companhia do Metropolitano de São Paulo named the proposed station "Orfanato", as it fits the four naming requirements: popularity, metropolitan scale, content characteristic and shape characteristic. The location of Sister Assunta Marchetti House (old Vila Prudente Orphanage), less than 100 m (330 ft) from the proposed station, contributed decisively for the naming.
# Tuchowo

Tuchowo is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Strzegowo, within Mława County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.
# Rotunda (script)

The Rotunda is a specific medieval blackletter script. It originates in Carolingian minuscule. Sometimes, it is not considered a blackletter script, but a script on its own. It was used mainly in southern Europe.

## Characteristics

One of the key differences between Rotunda and other blackletter scripts is that broken bows appear only in a few letters such as d.

### R rotunda and long S

The r rotunda (ꝛ), "rounded r", is an old letter variant commonly used in rotunda scripts and other blackletter typefaces. It is thought that this variant form of that letter was originally devised either to save space while writing on expensive parchment or for aesthetic reasons.

### Italian rotunda

There is a form of Italian blackletter known as rotunda, as it was less angular than in northern centres. The most usual form of Italian rotunda was littera bononiensis, used at the University of Bologna in the 13th century. Biting is a common feature in rotunda, but breaking is not.
Italian rotunda also is characterized by unique abbreviations, such as q with a line beneath the bow signifying "qui", and unusual spellings, such as x for s ("milex" rather than "miles").
# Mexican Hat, Utah

Mexican Hat is a census-designated place (CDP) in Utah in the United States. It is on the San Juan River on the northern edge of the Navajo Nation's borders in south-central San Juan County. The population was 31 in the 2010 census, a sharp decline from the previous two censuses.

## History

The name "Mexican Hat" comes from a curiously sombrero-shaped rock outcropping on the northeast edge of town; the rock measures 60-foot (18 m) wide by 12-foot (3.7 m). The "Hat" has two rock climbing routes ascending it. Mexican Hat has frequently been noted on lists of unusual place names.
In 2016, the U.S. Route 163 bridge crossing the San Juan River on the south border of the town was renamed the "Jason R. Workman Memorial Bridge" after a member of SEAL Team Six who was killed in action in Afghanistan on August 6, 2011. Workman was a 1997 graduate of the nearby San Juan High School.

## Geography

The CDP is on U.S. Route 163, just 3 miles (5 km) south of the junction with State Route 261, and is just outside the northern boundary of both the Navajo Nation and Monument Valley. Goosenecks State Park is located 9 miles (14 km) west-northwest, Alhambra Rock is 6 miles (10 km) west-southwest, and the Valley of the Gods is to the north on U.S. 163.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 8.5 square miles (22 km$^2$), of which 8.2 square miles (21 km$^2$) is land (96%) and 0.3 square miles (0.78 km$^2$) is water (4%).

### Climate

According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Mexican Hat has a semi-arid climate, abbreviated "BSk" on climate maps.

## Demographics

As of the census of 2010, there were 31 people in 17 households residing in the CDP. The population density was 3.8 people per square mile (1.5/km$^2$). There were 23 housing units at an average density of 2.8/sq mi (1.1/km$^2$). The racial make-up of the CDP was 9.7% Native American and 90.3% White.
There were 17 households, out of which 5.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 29.4% were married couples living together, 17.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 47.1% were non-families. 64.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 5.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 1.82 and the average family size was 2.56.
In the CDP, the population skewed older since the last census, with 6.4% under the age of 15, zero residents aged 15 to 24, 25.8% from 25 to 44, 25.9% from 45 to 64, and 42% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 54.5 years.
As of 2012, the median income for a household in the CDP was $80,767, and there were no families or individuals living below the poverty line.
# Annat, Argyll

Annat (Scottish Gaelic: An Annaid) is a village at the head of Upper Loch Torridon in Argyll and Bute, Scotland.
# Muhammet Karavuş

Muhammet Karavuş (born 10 June 2002) is a Turkish freestyle wrestler competing in the 57 kg division. He is a member of Ordu B.Ş.B.. He won the silver medal in the men's 57 kg event at the 2024 European Wrestling Championships held in Bucharest, Romania.

## Career

Muhammet Karavuş won the silver medal in the men's 57 kg event at the 2021 World Junior Wrestling Championships in Russia. Karavuş was a point away from winning the gold but Ramamzan Bagavudinov scripted a win for the ages.
In 2022, he won one of the bronze medals in his event at the Yasar Dogu Tournament held in Istanbul, Turkey. He won the gold medal in the 57 kg event at the 2022 Mediterranean Games held in Oran, Algeria. He competed in the 57 kg event at the 2022 World Wrestling Championships held in Belgrade, Serbia.
# Turobin-Brzozowa

Turobin-Brzozowa is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Stary Lubotyń, within Ostrów Mazowiecka County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately 18 kilometres (11 mi) north of Ostrów Mazowiecka and 105 km (65 mi) north-east of Warsaw.
# Communauté d'agglomération de Chaumont

Communauté d'agglomération de Chaumont is the communauté d'agglomération, an intercommunal structure, centred on the town of Chaumont. It is located in the Haute-Marne department, in the Grand Est region, northeastern France. Created in 2017, its seat is in Chaumont. Its area is 927.0 km$^2$. Its population was 44,441 in 2019, of which 21,847 in Chaumont proper.

## Composition

The communauté d'agglomération consists of the following 63 communes:
* Ageville
* Annéville-la-Prairie
* Biesles
* Blaisy
* Bologne
* Brethenay
* Briaucourt
* Buxières-lès-Villiers
* Cerisières
* Chamarandes-Choignes
* Chaumont
* Colombey-les-Deux-Églises
* Condes
* Curmont
* Cuves
* Daillancourt
* Esnouveaux
* Euffigneix
* Forcey
* Foulain
* Froncles
* La Genevroye
* Gillancourt
* Guindrecourt-sur-Blaise
* Jonchery
* Juzennecourt
* Lachapelle-en-Blaisy
* Lamancine
* Lanques-sur-Rognon
* Laville-aux-Bois
* Louvières
* Luzy-sur-Marne
* Mandres-la-Côte
* Marbéville
* Marnay-sur-Marne
* Meures
* Mirbel
* Neuilly-sur-Suize
* Ninville
* Nogent
* Ormoy-lès-Sexfontaines
* Oudincourt
* Poinson-lès-Nogent
* Poulangy
* Rennepont
* Riaucourt
* Rizaucourt-Buchey
* Rochefort-sur-la-Côte
* Rouécourt
* Sarcey
* Semoutiers-Montsaon
* Sexfontaines
* Soncourt-sur-Marne
* Thivet
* Treix
* Verbiesles
* Vesaignes-sur-Marne
* Viéville
* Vignory
* Villiers-le-Sec
* Vitry-lès-Nogent
* Vouécourt
* Vraincourt
# Ty G. Allushuski

Ty G. Allushuski (born May 23, 1986) is a former sports writer, editor, publisher, and expert in the field of social media communications. He served as assistant director of admissions at The University of Mississippi, in Oxford, Mississippi. He currently works in communications for Maven, a mobility startup and wholly owned subsidiary of General Motors in Detroit, Michigan.
Prior to returning to his alma mater to work in Higher Education, Allushuski was the sports editor of The Lamar Times and The Petal News, a pair of weekly newspapers in Hattiesburg, Mississippi. Allushuski's most famous work was "Rebs' depth up in smoke," which detailed a disciplinary cover-up involving the University of Mississippi football team and former head coach Ed Orgeron. He is also noted for the viral photograph he took of former Ole Miss offensive lineman Terrell Brown.
Previously, Allushuski worked as an editor and contributor for the fantasy sports web site, RotoExperts.com. He served as sports editor of The Oxford Enterprise, a weekly newspaper serving Oxford, Miss., and the surrounding Lafayette County area. He was also the owner and publisher of the former ESPN-affiliate Web site, InsideTheGrove.com.
Allushuski's sports writing career began while a student at the University of Mississippi. He covered Ole Miss sports as both a beat writer and columnist for the school's newspaper, The Daily Mississippian.
Between his sophomore and junior years, he interned at USA Today and wrote stories on the College World Series, the NFL and many different prep sports, among other topics. He later signed a freelance agreement with the paper to write a piece on former NFL quarterback Joe Montana that never actually ran. Allushuski worked at The Birmingham News as a post-graduate intern and mainly covered prep sports in Shelby County in suburban Birmingham, Alabama. He also assisted with the paper's coverage of Alabama and head coach Nick Saban during the Crimson Tide's rise to No. 1 nationally in the fall of 2008. Allushuski was the lead golf writer for the newspaper, and covered the 2008 U.S. Junior Amateur Championship at Shoal Creek that featured Jordan Spieth, Patrick Reed and Emiliano Grillo, among others.
Allushuski has been published on SI.com, Rivals.com, Scout.com, ESPN.com and in newspapers The Houston Chronicle, The Newark Star-Ledger, The Baton Rouge Advocate, and The Jackson (Miss.) Clarion-Ledger.
# Goldfinder

Goldfinder is a 2001 autobiography of British diver and treasure hunter Keith Jessop. It tells the story of Jessop's life and salvaging such underwater treasures as HMS Edinburgh, one of the greatest deep sea salvage operations and most financially rewarding in history.
One day in April 1981 Jessop's survey ship Dammtor began searching for the wreck of HMS Edinburgh in the Barents Sea in the Arctic Ocean of the coast of Russia. The ship had been sunk in battle in 1942 during World War II while carrying payment for military equipment from Murmansk in Russia to Scotland. His company, called Jessop Marine, won the contract for the salvage rights to the wreck of Edinburgh because his methods, involving complex cutting machinery and divers, were deemed more appropriate for a war grave, compared to the explosives-oriented methods of other companies.
In late April 1981, the survey ship discovered the ship's final resting place at an approximate position of 72.00°N, 35.00°E, at a depth of 245 metres (804 ft) within ten days of the start of the operation. Using specialist camera equipment, Dammtor took detailed film of the wreck, which allowed Jessop and his divers to carefully plan the salvage operation.
Later that year, on 30 August, the dive-support vessel Stephaniturm journeyed to the site, and salvage operations began in earnest. Leading the operation undersea, by mid-September of that year Jessop was able to salvage over $100,000,000 in Russian gold bullion (431 bars) from the wreck out of 465 over several days making him the greatest underwater treasurer in history.
Jessop died on 22 May 2010.
# St. Mary's Monastery Church, Tranoshisht

St. Mary's Monastery Church (Albanian: Kisha e Manastirit të Shën Mërisë) is a monastery church in Tranoshisht, Gjirokastër County, Albania. It is a Cultural Monument of Albania.