OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# George L. Trager

George Leonard Trager (/ˈtreɪɡər/; March 22, 1906 – August 31, 1992) was an American linguist. He was the president of the Linguistic Society of America in 1960.
He was born in Newark, New Jersey.
During his years at Yale in the 1930s and 1940s, he was a close associate of Edward Sapir, Morris Swadesh, Benjamin Lee Whorf, Charles Hockett, and after 1941, Leonard Bloomfield. From 1937, he collaborated with Whorf on historical-comparative Azteco-Tanoan languages, but further planned collaboration was cut short by Whorf's death in 1941. He wrote the entries on Language and Linguistics for the 14th edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica. Like Sapir and Swadesh, he was a consultant of the International Auxiliary Language Association, which presented Interlingua in 1951.
In the 1950s, Trager worked at the Foreign Service Institute of the Department of State, helping to train diplomats prior to their departure abroad. He worked there with Edward T. Hall, Henry Lee Smith, Charles F. Hockett, and Ray Birdwhistell. Trager's project was the development of paralanguage, while Birdwhistell worked on kinesics and Hall worked on proxemics.
He taught linguistics at Southern Methodist University in Dallas, Tx from 1970 to 1971. In 1971, he moved to Northern Illinois University in DeKalb and stayed there until his retirement in 1974. (For details, see George Leonard Trager by Charles F. Hockett, Language, Vol. 69, No. 4 (Dec., 1993), pp. 778-788 (11 pages)
He died in Pasadena, California.
# National Mutual Insurance Federation of Agricultural Cooperatives

The National Mutual Insurance Federation of Agricultural Cooperatives (Japanese: 全国共済農業協同組合連合会), commonly known as "JA Kyosai" (JA共済) or ZENKYOREN, is Japan's national mutual aid association of agricultural cooperatives, founded based on Japan's Agricultural Cooperative Law. ZENKYOREN was founded in 1951 and provides property, liability and life insurance.
# Ysyk-Köl, Tüp

Ysyk-Köl (Kyrgyz: Ысык-Көл) is a village in the Issyk-Kul Region of Kyrgyzstan. It is part of the Tüp District. Its population was 1,803 in 2021.
# Vietnam – Germany Hospital

Việt Đức Hospital (aka. Việt Đức University Hospital, Vietnamese: Bệnh viện Việt Đức, literally "Vietnam – Germany Hospital") is the largest surgical center of Vietnam, situated at Trang Thi Street, Hanoi.
The Hospital was founded in 1904 as a part of Indochina Medical College by the French colonial governor Paul Doumer.
During its history it bore many names: Yersin Hospital (1943), Hospital of Vietnam – GDR (German Democratic Republic) Friendship (1958–1991), Viêt Duc Hospital (from 1991 now on).
The well known Vietnamese surgeon Ton That Tung more than 40 years conducted his research and operations here.
At present, the Hospital has more than 500 beds for patients and 18 surgery rooms and able to perform over 800 open-heart operations annually. It has good cooperation in exchange and training programs with medical facilities in France, Germany, Australia and some other countries. In 1998, the Medicinal Laser Unit was established here to study and apply laser techniques in diagnosis and treatment of some diseases including cancer.
In 2006, Hans Messer Foundation in a partnership with East Meets West Foundation and Dräger donated new equipment of total value more than US$160,000 to increase the capacity for children's surgery in the Hospital.
The hospital has been a site of collaboration with Facing the World, a UK charity that trains Vietnamese surgeons in craniofacial surgery, sends UK doctors to Vietnam to perform surgeries, and provides equipment to Vietnamese hospitals.
# Fotouhi

Fotouhi (Persian: فتوحی) is a Persian surname. Notable people with the name include:
* Farshad Fotouhi (1957), American computer scientist
* Mohammad Fotouhi (1990), Iranian fencer
# Abbas Yales

Abbas Yales (Persian: عباس يالس) may refer to:
* Abbas Yales 1
* Abbas Yales 2
# Deniz Cicek

Deniz Cicek (born 19 October 1992) is a footballer who plays as a midfielder for TSV Havelse. Born in Germany, he is of Turkish descent.

## Career

Cicek made his professional debut for TSV Havelse in the 3. Liga on 2 October 2021 against 1. FC Kaiserslautern.
# Evelyn Gardiner

Evelyn Gardiner (12 March 1894 – 13 June 1970), born Enid Mary Griffin, was an English opera singer and actress known for her work as principal contralto in the Gilbert and Sullivan comic operas with the D'Oyly Carte Opera Company and J. C. Williamson, as well as for other stage acting. In 1933, Gardiner earned a pilot's licence and claimed to be only the second British actress ever to do so.

## Life and career
### Early life and career

Gardiner was born in Shepherd's Bush, West London, the daughter of Jane and Charles George Griffin, a manager at Liberty's, the London department store. She was educated in London and Paris.
Gardiner joined the D'Oyly Carte Opera Company in 1921 singing in the chorus of their Gilbert and Sullivan operas. Within months, she was cast as the understudy for the company's principal contralto, Bertha Lewis. Her first principal role with the company was Inez in The Gondoliers in 1923, and the following season, she occasionally filled in as the Duchess of Plaza-Toro in that opera. She left the Company in 1925. Gardiner next appeared in films and in pantomime and variety. She appeared in plays in London at the Regent Theatre from 1928 to 1931.
In 1931, Gardiner joined the J. C. Williamson Gilbert and Sullivan Opera Company, appearing with them for the next three seasons, and also in 1935, in Australia, New Zealand and South Africa, as the Duchess of Plaza-Toro in The Gondoliers, Ruth in The Pirates of Penzance, Dame Carruthers in The Yeomen of the Guard and other Gilbert and Sullivan contralto parts. In the meantime, briefly in 1934, she played the Slave of the Lamp in a pantomime production of Aladdin and His Wonderful Lamp in London at the Prince Edward Theatre.
She became interested in flying and, while in Australia in 1933, she earned a pilot's licence. She claimed to be only the second actress in the British empire ever to do so. In 1936, she returned to the D'Oyly Carte Opera Company for their American tour and then, over the following three years, she played the contralto roles in all their productions: Lady Sangazure in The Sorcerer, Little Buttercup in H.M.S. Pinafore, Ruth in Pirates, Lady Jane in Patience, the Fairy Queen in Iolanthe, Lady Blanche in Princess Ida, Katisha in The Mikado, Dame Hannah in Ruddigore, Dame Carruthers in Yeomen, and the Duchess in The Gondoliers.

### Second World War and later years

Gardiner returned to Australia in 1939 and continued to perform in the Gilbert and Sullivan operas with the Williamson company until 1951. She married Lieutenant Colonel Richard L. York, DSO in 1940 and enjoyed horseback riding, hunting and fishing, as well as drawing and interior decoration. Gardiner was awarded an M.B.E. (Member of the Order of the British Empire) for her services in raising support in Australia for relief efforts such as "Bundles for Britain". She retired from the stage in 1960 and then directed Gilbert and Sullivan operas for such amateur groups as the Gilbert & Sullivan Society of Sydney.
Gardiner died suddenly at the age of 76 in Honolulu, Hawaii, while on a visit there.
# Sholgara District

Sholgara (Dari: شولگره, šol(a)-gara, lit. "rice paddy field", old name Boyena Qara, Dari: بوینه‌قره) is a district (pop: 110,600) in the southern part of Balkh Province, Afghanistan. Sholgara, just south of Mazari Sharif (Mazar), is strategically located at the crossroads between several districts: Sangcharak, Kishindih, Dar-I-Suf. Dar-I-Suf and Sangcharak are known for their resistance to the Taliban insurgency. It is commonly said that "who holds Sholgara, holds Mazar".

## Economy

The demography is not clear as no census has taken place yet.
The economy is almost entirely agricultural. The Sholgar River irrigates some 40,000 jeribs (8,000 hectares) of land, and another two or three thousand are irrigated from springs. Although rainfall is low (120 mm to 200 mm a year), 150,000 jeribs (30,000 hectares) are in dry farming, mostly wheat and some barley. Only 5% of the agriculture is in orchards.
Nonetheless, Sholgara District, along with Balkh District, are the sole producers of industrial products in Balkh Province. In addition karakul skins are processed in Sholgara District.
# Apukhtin

Apukhtin (Russian: Апу́хтин) is a Russian surname and may refer to:
* Aleksey Apukhtin (1840–1893), Russian poet, writer and critic
* German Apukhtin (1936–2003), Soviet footballer
* Alexander Apukthin (1822–1903), superintendent of Congress Poland in the late 19th century
* Yuri Apukhtin [pl] (born 1948), Ukrainian politician, self-proclaimed governor of Kharkiv People's Republic
# Badenscoth

Badenscoth (Scottish Gaelic: Bad nan Sgoth) is a rural area near Auchterless in Aberdeenshire, Scotland.
# W. R. D. Wiggins

Dr. William Robert Denison Wiggins FFARCS MRCS (4 April 1913 – 17 October 1992) was a British medical practitioner and philatelist who in 1963 was awarded the Crawford Medal by the Royal Philatelic Society London for his work The Postage Stamps of Great Britain Part II.

## Selected publications

* The Postage Stamps of Great Britain, Part 2: Perforated line-engraved issues, London: Royal Philatelic Society London, 2nd ed., 1962. (Editor)
* The plating of alphabet II : plates 1 to 21, AA to TL. 1974.
* British line engraved stamps : repaired impressions : 1855-1879, one penny die II. Robson Lowe, 1982.
# Apartado de correos 1001

Apartado de correos 1001 is a 1950 Spanish crime film directed by Julio Salvador.

## Plot

Young Rafael was murdered in the street in front of the Police Headquarters in Barcelona. Miguel and Marcial, two agents of the Criminal Brigade in charge of the investigation, are, in the room of the deceased, a copy of " La Vanguardia " , in which they are appointed an ad asking for a manager for a chemical company, by payment of a strong bond, and the indication for more information write to PO Box 1001. This unique track leading to the arrest of the murderer

## Production

Initially, the film was going to be directed by Antonio Román, with Julio Salvador as assistant director. Finally, Román went on to direct another film from the same production company, The past threatens, and thus Salvador was the director of Post office box 1001.
The film is loosely based on real events: behind an ambiguous job offer published in an advertisement for La Vanguardia, a plot was hidden to defraud the unwary who responded to said offer. According to the policeman Gil Llamas, the work of the scriptwriters "was limited to handling the known data, seasoning them with the inevitable love story and with a certain murder perpetrated in front of the Superior Police Headquarters."
The film opens with a chain of images of Barcelona and a voiceover from the narrator, whose text is quoted below, expressing the authors' intention of realism and giving the film an air of semidocumentary.

## Cast

* Tomás Blanco
* Modesto Cid
* Manuel de Juan
* Elena Espejo
* Emilio Fábregas
* Ricardo Fuentes
* José Goula
* Marta Grau
* Casimiro Hurtado
* Guillermo Marín
* Carlos Muñoz
* Luis Pérez de León
* Conrado San Martín
* Eugenio Testa
# Lee Hsiu-fen

Lee Hsiu-fen (Chinese: 李秀芬, 28 December 1910 – 18 January 1985) was a Chinese academic and politician. She was among the first group of women elected to the Legislative Yuan in 1948.

## Biography

Lee was originally from Huailai County in Chahar Province. After graduating from Peking Normal University, she earned a master's degree at Stanford University in the United States. Returning to China, she became a professor at Guangdong Menqin University and Guangdong Provincial College of Arts & Science. She also served as headteacher of Chongqing China Women's Vocational School.
In the 1948 elections to the Legislative Yuan Lee ran as a Kuomintang candidate in Chahar Province and was elected to parliament. She relocated to Taiwan during the Chinese Civil War, where she became a professor at Chinese Culture University, Tamkang College of Arts and Sciences and Feng Chia Business School. She died in January 1985.
# Eucalyptus neglecta

Eucalyptus neglecta, commonly known as Omeo gum, is a species of small tree that is endemic to a small area of Victoria, Australia. Older plants have rough, fibrous bark on the trunk, otherwise smooth grey to brownish bark, a crown of mostly lance-shaped, egg-shaped or oblong leaves arranged in opposite pairs, flower buds in groups of between seven and fifteen, white flowers and cup-shaped or conical fruit.

## Description

Eucalyptus neglecta is a tree, sometimes a mallee that typically grows to a height of 6–7 m (20–23 ft) and forms a lignotuber. It has smooth grey to brownish bark, but older specimens often have fibrous grey to brown bark on the trunk. The crown of the tree is mostly composed of sessile, juvenile leaves that are arranged in opposite pairs, with some intermediate and adult leaves. Juvenile leaves are greyish green, broadly elliptic to almost round, up to 110 mm (4.3 in) long and 70 mm (2.8 in) wide. Adult leaves are lance-shaped, the same shade of green on both sides, 80–150 mm (3.1–5.9 in) long and 25–35 mm (0.98–1.38 in) wide on a petiole up to 23 mm (0.91 in) long. The flower buds are arranged in leaf axils in groups of between seven and fifteen on an unbranched peduncle up to 5 mm (0.20 in) long, the individual buds sessile. Mature buds are oval, 3–6 mm (0.12–0.24 in) long and 3–5 mm (0.12–0.20 in) wide with a conical to rounded operculum. Flowering occurs between November and February and the flowers are white. The fruit is a woody, cup-shaped or conical capsule 3–4 mm (0.12–0.16 in) long and 4–7 mm (0.16–0.28 in) wide with the valves near rim level.

## Taxonomy and naming

Eucalyptus neglecta was first formally described in 1904 by Joseph Maiden in The Victorian Naturalist from specimens collected near Omeo by Alfred William Howitt. The specific epithet (neglecta) is from the Latin neglectus meaning "neglected", apparently because the species was not recognised as distinct at first.

## Distribution and habitat

Omeo gum grows on river flats along creeks in the Victorian high country, including near Omeo and Bright. Although rare, it is easily recognised because of the unusual foliage in its crown.
# List of capitals in South Korea

This is a list of capital cities, including the legislature or seat of government, of South Korea and its current provinces and provincial-level cities.

## National capital

Seoul has been the capital of South Korea since the Division of Korea in 1945. On 20 December 1997 some offices of the national government were moved to the Daejeon Government Complex to offset the unbalance developments around Sudogwon. In 2004, former President Roh Moo-hyun purpose plans to move the national capital further away from the Korean Demilitarized Zone. However disputes within the National Assembly and ruling of the Constitutional Court of Korea prevented the relocation. On 2 July 2012 some functions of government have moved to Sejong and became the de facto administrative capital of South Korea.

## Provincial capitals

| Capital | Provincial division | Region | ISO | Status |
| Andong | North Gyeongsang | Yeongnam | KR-47 | City |
| Busan (Yeonje)* | Busan | Yeongnam | KR-26 | Metropolitan city |
| Changwon | South Gyeongsang | Yeongnam | KR-48 | Specific city |
| Cheongju | North Chungcheong | Hoseo | KR-43 | Specific city |
| Chuncheon | Gangwon | Gwandong | KR-42 | City |
| Daegu (Jung)* | Daegu | Yeongnam | KR-27 | Metropolitan city |
| Daejeon (Seo)* | Daejeon | Hoseo | KR-30 | Metropolitan city |
| Gwangju (Seo)* | Gwangju | Honam | KR-29 | Metropolitan city |
| Hongseong | South Chungcheong | Hoseo | KR-44 | County |
| Incheon (Namdong)* | Incheon | Sudogwon | KR-28 | Metropolitan city |
| Jeju | Jeju | Jejudo | KR-49 | Administrative city |
| Jeonju | North Jeolla | Honam | KR-45 | Specific city |
| Muan | South Jeolla | Honam | KR-46 | County |
| Sejong (Boram)* | Sejong | Hoseo | KR-50 | Metropolitan autonomous city |
| Seoul (Jung)* | Seoul | Sudogwon | KR-11 | Special city |
| Suwon | Gyeonggi | Sudogwon | KR-41 | Specific city |
| Ulsan (Nam)* | Ulsan | Yeongnam | KR-31 | Metropolitan city |

## Claimed provincial capitals

| Capital | Provincial division | Region | Status |
| Cheongjin | Hambuk | Gwanbuk | City |
| Haeju | Hwanghae | Haeseo | City |
| Hamheung | Hamnam | Gwannam | City |
| Pyeongyang | Pyeongnam | Gwanseo | City |
| Sinuiju | Pyeongbuk | Gwanseo | City |
# Ocean Front Property

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
| Chicago Tribune | (favorable) |
Ocean Front Property is the seventh studio album by American country music artist George Strait, released on January 12, 1987, by MCA Records. It is certified 2× Multi-platinum by the RIAA. It is the first album to debut at #1 on the Billboard Top Country Albums Chart. It was ranked #5 on CMT's list of 40 Greatest Albums in Country Music in 2006.

## Personnel

Tracks 1-4 & 6-10
* George Strait – lead vocals
* John Barlow Jarvis – acoustic piano
* Richard Bennett – acoustic guitar
* Billy Joe Walker Jr. – electric guitar
* Reggie Young – electric guitar
* Paul Franklin – pedal steel guitar
* Johnny Gimble – fiddle, mandolin
* Leland Sklar – bass guitar
* Owen Hale – drums
* Curtis Young – harmony vocals
Ace in the Hole Band (Track 5)
* George Strait – vocals
* Ronnie Huckaby – acoustic piano
* David Anthony – acoustic guitar
* Benny McArthur – electric guitar
* Rick McRae – electric guitar
* Mike Daily – steel guitar
* Terry Hale – bass guitar
* Phillip Farjado – drums
* Gene Elders – fiddle

### Production

* Jimmy Bowen – producer
* George Strait – producer
* Steve Tillisch – recording, mixing
* Chuck Ainlay – overdub recording
* Willie Pevear – overdub recording
* Tim Kish – second engineer
* Marty Williams – second engineer
* Glenn Meadows – mastering at Masterfonics (Nashville, Tennessee)
* Jessie Noble – project coordinator
* Simon Levy – art direction
* Mickey Braithwaite – design
* Jerry Smith – photography
* Erv Woolsey – management

## Chart positions

| Chart (1987) | Peak position |
| U.S. Billboard Top Country Albums | 1 |
| U.S. Billboard 200 | 117 |

## Certifications

Certifications for Ocean Front Property :
| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| Canada (Music Canada) | Gold | 50,000$^^$ |
| United States (RIAA) | 2× Platinum | 2,000,000$^^$ |
| $^^$ Shipments figures based on certification alone. |||
# Lauan language

Lauan is an East Fijian language spoken by about 16,000 people on a number of islands of eastern Fiji.
Lauan is spoken in the Lau Province. However, the number of Lauan speakers has been declining due to the presence of other languages, which have become more dominant.
# Council of Czech Television

Council of Czech Television (Czech: Rada České televize) is the body exercising the public's right to control the activities of Czech Television. Its responsibilities are regulated by Act No. 483/1991 Coll. about Czech Television.

## Responsibilities

List of resoponsibilities according to Act No. 483/1991 Coll.:
* to appoint and dismiss the general director and, on his proposal, the director of television studios of Czech Television
* approve the budget and the final account of Czech Television and control the implementation of the budget of Czech Television
* to approve the Statute of Czech Television on the proposal of the General Director
* submit the Code of Czech Television to the Chamber of Deputies for approval
* to approve the general director's proposals for the establishment or cancellation of television studios (Section 9, paragraph 8)
* decide on complaints concerning the Director General
* supervise the performance of public service tasks in the field of television broadcasting and the fulfillment of the principles arising from the Czech Television Code
* approve long-term plans for programmatic, technical and economic development
* establish a supervisory committee and determine the salary of the CEO
* submit an annual report on the activities and management of Czech Television to the Chamber of Deputies (which is responsible for its activities)
* The council operates according to its own budget, the costs of the council's activities and the remuneration of its members, as well as the costs of the activities of the Supervisory Commission and the remuneration of its members, are paid from a special expenditure item of the Czech Television budget.

## Composition

The council has 18 members, who are elected and dismissed by the Chamber of Deputies (12 Council members) and the Senate (6 Council members), from candidates proposed by legal entities that have been in existence for at least 10 years at the time of the submission of the proposal and that represent cultural, regional, social, trade union, employer, religious, educational, scientific, ecological and national interests. Council members are elected for a term of office of 6 years and are responsible for the performance of their duties to the chamber of Parliament that elected them; they can be re-elected. New members are elected to positions vacated for reasons other than the expiration of the term of office for the remainder of the term of office of the member whose position has become vacant.
# Round hand

Round hand (also roundhand) is a type of handwriting and calligraphy originating in England in the 1660s primarily by the writing masters John Ayres and William Banson. Characterised by an open flowing hand (style) and subtle contrast of thick and thin strokes deriving from metal pointed nibs in which the flexibility of the metal allows the left and right halves of the point to spread apart under light pressure and then spring back together, the popularity of round hand grew rapidly, becoming codified as a standard, through the publication of printed writing manuals.

## Origins

During the Renaissance, writing masters of the Apostolic Camera developed the italic cursiva script. When the Apostolic Camera was destroyed during the sack of Rome in 1527, many masters moved to Southern France where they began to refine the renaissance italic cursiva script into a new script, italic circumflessa. By the end of the 16th century, italic circumflessa began to replace italic cursiva. Italic circumflessa was further adapted into the French style rhonde in the early 17th century.
By the mid-17th century, French officials were flooded with documents written in various hands (styles) at varied levels of skills and artistry. As a result, officials began to complain that many such documents were beyond their ability to decipher. France's Controller-General of Finances took proposals from French writing masters of the time, the most influential being Louis Barbedor [fr], who had published his Les Ecritures financière et italienne-bastarde dans leur naturel, circa 1650. After examining the proposals, the Controller-General of Finances decided to restrict all legal documents to three hands, namely the Coulée, the Rhonde, and a Speed Hand sometimes simply called Bastarde.
In England, Edward Cocker had been publishing copybooks based upon French rhonde in the 1640s. In the 1680s, John Ayres and William Banson popularized their versions of rhonde after further refining and developing it into what had become known as English round hand style.

## Golden age

Later in the 17th and 18th centuries, English writing masters including George Bickham, George Shelley and Charles Snell helped to propagate Round Hand's popularity, so that by the mid-18th century the Round Hand style had spread across Europe and crossed the Atlantic to North America. The typefaces Snell Roundhand and Kuenstler Script are based on this style of handwriting. Charles Snell was particularly noted for his reaction to other variants of roundhand, developing his own Snell Roundhand, which emphasised restraint and proportionality in the script.