OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Swimming at the 1896 Summer Olympics – Men's 500 metre freestyle

The men's 500 metre freestyle was one of the four swimming events on the Swimming at the 1896 Summer Olympics programme.
Only three swimmers entered the 500 metre freestyle. Paul Neumann added Austria's first gold medal to Herschmann's silver. Alfréd Hajós, the winner of the 100m, had intended to sweep the three open swimming events, but did not compete in the 500m because it was begun immediately after the 100 metres. Chorophas was the only swimmer to compete in all three events.

## Background

This was the only appearance of a 500-metre freestyle event, with 1900 having 200- and 1000-metre events: the now-standard 400-metre event debuted in 1904 (as 440 yards for that Games only).

## Competition format

This freestyle swimming competition involved a single race, with all swimmers competing at the same time. The swimmers were taken out by ship into the bay, where they would swim toward shore.

## Schedule

The 500 metre freestyle was the third of the swimming events, held shortly after the 100 metre freestyle and the sailor-only 100 metre freestyle.
| Date | Date | Time | Round |
| Gregorian | Julian | Time | Round |
| Saturday, 11 April 1896 | Saturday, 30 March 1896 | 11:00 | Final |

## Results

| Swimmer | Nation | Time |
| Paul Neumann | Austria | 8:12.6 |
| Antonios Pepanos | Greece | 9:57.6 |
| Efstathios Chorafas | Greece | Unknown |
# York, Illinois

York is an unincorporated community in Clark County, Illinois, United States. York is located along the Wabash River in far southeast Clark County.
# Johann Samuel Drese

Johann Samuel Drese (c. 1644 – 1 December 1716) was a German composer. In 1683 he was appointed Kapellmeister of the ducal court in Weimar. He held this post until his death which meant that he was in charge of music at court during almost all the time Johann Sebastian Bach was working in Weimar, a brief stay in 1703 and a second period from 1708 until after Drese's death.
Other members of the family were musical. His son Johann Wilhelm Drese succeeded him as Kapellmeister in Weimar. His cousin was Adam Drese.
# Kežovica

The Kežovica mineral spa (Macedonian: Бања Кежовица) is situated near the southern Štip suburb of Novo Selo in North Macedonia, just after the canyon that the river Bregalnica forms when exiting the city. The water temperature is 74 °C (165 °F) at the source and is slightly radioactive, which is used for medicinal purposes. There is a thermal bath built in the vicinity of the main spring, as well as a hospital unit, specializing in physiotherapy performed in pools filled with water from the mineral springs.
There is a secondary mineral hot spring in the suburb of Novo Selo itself called L'dzhite, which is regularly used by the local residents. This spring is also considered to be part of the Kežovica system. The area in east-central North Macedonia between the cities of Štip and Kratovo is a site of many dormant and extinguished volcanoes, and the greater area has high seismic risk.

## Miscellaneous

* "Kežovica" is also the name of the second official football team of the city of Štip, the first being called "Bregalnica-Stip".
# Carnkie, Wendron

Carnkie (Cornish: Karnki) is a village in west Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. It is situated half a mile west of Rame, approximately three and a half miles west of Penryn and approximately five miles north east of Helston. It is in the civil parish of Wendron.
The village has a village hall and a garage, and until 2010 also had a Methodist chapel.
The name Carnkie comes from the Cornish language words karn, meaning 'crag, tor', and ki, meaning 'dog'.

## The chapel

The old chapel at Carnkie was built in 1900 as a Bible Christian Chapel. The chapel was closed in 2010 and the last service was held on 22 August.
# Sheykh Sorkh ol Din

Sheykh Sorkh ol Din or Sheykh Sorkh od Din (Persian: شيخ سرخ الدين) may refer to:
* Sheykh Sorkh ol Din-e Olya
* Sheykh Sorkh ol Din-e Sofla
# Parelius Finnerud

Parelius N. Finnerud (20 October 1888 – 9 December 1969) was a Norwegian long-distance runner. He represented TK Tjalve.
At the 1912 Summer Olympics, he finished twentieth in the individual cross country competition. Together with his teammates Olaf Hovdenak and Johannes Andersen, he finished fourth in the team cross country competition. He became Norwegian champion in the 10,000 metres in 1914.
# Zero-velocity surface

A zero-velocity surface is a concept that relates to the N-body problem of gravity. It represents a surface a body of given energy cannot cross, since it would have zero velocity on the surface. It was first introduced by George William Hill. The zero-velocity surface is particularly significant when working with weak gravitational interactions among orbiting bodies.

## Three-body problem

In the circular restricted three-body problem two heavy masses orbit each other at constant radial distance and angular velocity, and a particle of negligible mass is affected by their gravity. By shifting to a rotating coordinate system where the masses are stationary a centrifugal force is introduced. Energy and momentum are not conserved separately in this coordinate system, but the Jacobi integral remains constant:
    $C=\omega ^{2}(x^{2}+y^{2})+2\left({\frac {\mu _{1}}{r_{1}}}+{\frac {\mu _{2}}{r_{2}}}\right)-\left({\dot {x}}^{2}+{\dot {y}}^{2}+{\dot {z}}^{2}\right)$
where $\omega$ is the rotation rate, $x,y$ the particle's location in the rotating coordinate system, $r_{1},r_{2}$ the distances to the bodies, and $\mu _{1},\mu _{2}$ their masses times the gravitational constant.
For a given value of $C$, points on the surface
    $C=\omega ^{2}(x^{2}+y^{2})+2\left({\frac {\mu _{1}}{r_{1}}}+{\frac {\mu _{2}}{r_{2}}}\right)$
require that ${\dot {x}}^{2}+{\dot {y}}^{2}+{\dot {z}}^{2}=0$. That is, the particle will not be able to cross over this surface (since the squared velocity would have to become negative). This is the zero-velocity surface of the problem.
Note that this means zero velocity in the rotating frame: in a non-rotating frame the particle is seen as rotating with the other bodies. The surface also only predicts what regions cannot be entered, not the shape of the trajectory within the surface.

## Generalizations

The concept can be generalized to more complex problems, for example with masses in elliptic orbits, the general planar three-body problem, the four-body problem with solar wind drag, or in rings.

## Lagrange points

The zero-velocity surface is also an important parameter in finding Lagrange points. These points correspond to locations where the apparent potential in the rotating coordinate system is extremal. This corresponds to places where the zero-velocity surfaces pinch and develop holes as $C$ is changed. Since trajectories are confined by the surfaces, a trajectory that seeks to escape (or enter) a region with minimal energy will typically pass close to the Lagrange point, which is used in low-energy transfer trajectory planning.

## Galaxy clusters

Given a group of galaxies which are gravitationally interacting, the zero-velocity surface is used to determine which objects are gravitationally bound (i.e. not overcome by the Hubble expansion) and thus part of a galaxy cluster, such as the Local Group.
# National Sports Stadium (Mongolia)

National Sports Stadium (In Mongolian: Үндэсний спортын цэнгэлдэх хүрээлэн Ündesnii sportyn tsengeldekh khüreelen) is a multi-purpose stadium in Khan Uul District, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia. It is used mostly for football matches and has a capacity 12,500. The Naadam festival, which celebrates Mongolian independence, is held there every July. The land owned by the stadium company is about 27 hectares, of which the stadium takes about 8 hectares of land. The National Sport Stadium in Mongolia hosted the 2016 World University Archery Championship.

## History

The stadium was established in 1958 by Russian construction in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia. Since then, it has not been majorly renovated, although it gets a little painting and touch up once a year. Even though the stadium was built for multi-use such as football and festivals, the only mandatory event is the Naadam festival held on July 11 of each year which commemorates Mongolian State Flag Day and the People's Revolution of 1921. In 1996, a military parade in the National Sports Stadium commemorated the 790th anniversary of the Mongol Empire and the 75th anniversary of the People's Revolution. Other events are usually held under a contract except those organized by the government.

## Owners

The stadium is part private owned and part government owned, with a 51%/49% split. The reason for its split ownership is that there is only one stadium that can hold 2,500 people in Mongolia. If the stadium was wholly private the government would have to fund the entire Naadam festive, 70% of the costs of which are taken from ticket sales and the leasing of surrounding land.

## Events

* Core Contents Media artist, including T-ara, Davichi, SPEED, and The SeeYa held a concert in the stadium on 21 September 2013
47°54′7.7″N 106°54′58.5″E﻿ / ﻿47.902139°N 106.916250°E﻿ / 47.902139; 106.916250
# Noel Törnqvist

Noel Max Joachim Törnqvist (born 1 February 2002) is a Swedish footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for Mjällby AIF in Allsvenskan.

## Career

Törnqvist started his youth career in Snöstorp Nyhem FF as an outfield player. He went on to Halmstads BK and became a goalkeeper at age 15, opting to join the smaller city rivals IS Halmia in 2018. This year, he also started playing with a helmet. He trained with several foreign clubs such as Leeds United in 2017 and Hellas Verona in 2018. He represented Sweden in a U17 three-nation tournament, playing against the Czech Republic.
Having played for Halmia in Division 2, the fourth tier of Swedish football, Törnqvist was signed by Mjällby AIF ahead of the 2020 season. This was Halmia's largest sale in two decades, since Mikael Roth in 1998.
The 2021 season saw Törnqvist loaned out to Superettan club AFC Eskilstuna. He played 10 matches for AFC, but featured infrequently. When he was omitted from the starting eleven during the closing months of the season, he called it "not fair". In 2022 he played only one league match, but this was his Allsvenskan debut, keeping a clean sheet against Djurgården. He also prolonged his Mjällby contract until 2026. In 2021 he was called up to Sweden U21 for the first time, making his actual debut in 2022.
In 2023 he played the 2022–23 Svenska Cupen final which Mjällby lost. The coaches declared Törnqvist to be their first-choice goalkeeper for the season. Shortly into the 2023 season, he received praise for ascending to the level of a good Allsvenskan goalkeeper.
# Tansei

Tansei (Japanese: たんせい) was the second Japanese artificial satellite which was put into orbit, after the country's first satellite Ohsumi. The satellite was sent into orbit on 16 February 1971.
Just like Ohsumi, the launch was a project by the Institute of Space and Astronautical Science at the University of Tokyo (UTokyo). The name of the satellite means "light blue", which is the school colour of UTokyo. Three more satellites with the same name were subsequently launched by the university. The last of them was launched on 17 February 1980.
# NGC 634

NGC 634 is a spiral galaxy, lying at a distance of 217.1 megalight-years away from the Milky Way in the northern constellation of Triangulum. This object was discovered on 26 October 1876 by French astronomer Édouard Stephan. It is inclined by an angle of 82.4° to the line of sight from the Earth, and thus is being viewed nearly edge on.
Supernova SN 2006Q was reported 2.5″ east and 1.0″ north of the galactic core in NGC 634, January 24, 2006. This was most likely a type II supernova and reached magnitude 18.74. Another supernova explosion was reported near the galaxy on January 2, 2008. It was positioned 16.6 arcseconds west and 20.2 arcseconds north of the Galactic Center and was designated SN 2008A. This event reached a peak magnitude of 16.7 on January 3, and was determined to be a type Iax supernova.
# Cornelius Heinrich Dretzel

Cornelius Heinrich Dretzel (18 September 1697 (bapt.) – 7 May 1775) was a German organist and composer. He was born in Nuremberg, where he appears to have spent his whole life in various organists' posts, including:
* St. Egidien, Nuremberg 1719–1743
* St. Lorenz, Nuremberg 1743–1764
* St. Sebaldus Church, Nuremberg 1764–1775
He may have studied with J.S. Bach in Weimar (1716–1717), and his compositions reveal points of contact with Bach. They include a concerto for harpsichord solo, perhaps modelled on the Italian Concerto. A variant of the slow movement of this solo concerto  was once thought to be by Bach: it was published as a Prelude by Bach in the 19th-century Bach-Gesellschaft edition, and listed in the first edition of the Bach-Werke-Verzeichnis (BWV) as the first movement of BWV 897 (BWV 897/1).
# Jean Royère

Jean Royère (1902–1981) was a French designer.

## Biography

In 1931, aged 29, Jean Royère resigned from a comfortable position in the import-export trade in order to set up business as an interior designer. He learned his new trade in the cabinetmaking workshops of the Faubourg Saint-Antoine in Paris. In 1934, he designed the new layout of the Brasserie Carlton on the Champs-Élysées and found immediate success. This was the beginning of an international career that was to last until the early 1970s. He also designed the interior for the Hôtel Saint-Georges in Beirut, Lebanon. A key figure of the avant-garde in the 1950s, Royère tackled all kinds of decoration work and opened branches in the Near East and Latin America. Among his patrons were King Farouk, King Hussein of Jordan, and the Shah of Iran, who were captivated by his freedom of creation and his elegance and entrusted him with the layout of their palaces. Royère pioneered an original style combining bright colors, organic forms and precious materials within a wide range of imaginative accomplishments. In 1980, he left France for the United States, where he lived until his death.
# Aschiana

Afghanistan's Children - A New Approach (ASCHIANA) (Persian: اشیانه Ašiyānā, meaning "the nest") is an Afghan nongovernmental organisation that has provided services, support and programs to working street children and their families since 1995. ASCHIANA currently serves 4,500 students in Afghanistan through centers in Kabul, Mazar-i-Sharif, Herat and Parwan. ASCHIANA operates four centres in Kabul: two centres for basic education, one centre for accelerated girls' education and one emergency shelter for runaway children (with day care and basic education). ASCHIANA also provides basic education for internally displaced persons and returned refugees through five outreach areas in Kabul.

## Work

ASCHIANA works together with Afghanistan's Ministry of Education, Ministry of Social Affairs and the Afghan National Police to help children on the street receive a basic education—in Dari, Pashto, English, mathematics, Islamic Education, health education, mine awareness, drug awareness and children's rights—and integrate into the formal school system.
ASCHIANA students also enjoy recreational activities through sports, music and art, and receive training in skills such as carpentry, woodworking, cosmetology, tailoring, painting, instrument making, electrical engineering and plumbing. ASCHIANA also provides health, financial and social support for students and their families.
ASCHIANA's students work on the streets to provide an income for their families. Many of them have lost one or both parents and have become their household's main source of income. ASCHIANA's goals are to support these children and their families:
* by providing a basic education, school supplies and a warm meal;
* by offering children a safe environment to learn and develop;
* by promoting safe, well-informed livelihoods;
* by building children's capacities through social and vocational skills training, and;
* by giving street-working children an opportunity to pursue further education.

## Reception

ASCHIANA's work has been highlighted in research by Terre des Hommes and the Afghanistan Research and Evaluation Unit (AREU) and has received support for its operations from Roshan and Siemens (among other sources).
# Sravanthi Juluri

Sravanthi Juluri is an Indian visual artist, painter and actress, known for executing vibrantly colored spiritual narrative paintings, and glass art in a modified style; as well as television. She is the daughter of veteran Telugu actress Jamuna. Sravanthi was trained at Stained Glass Garden Studio and Mountain View academy in Berkeley, California, U.S.

## Personal life

Sravanthi Juluri was born in Hyderabad, India into the family of veteran Telugu actress Jamuna. She did her schooling from NASR, and Intermediate from Villa Marie in Hyderabad. Sravanthi holds Bachelor of Arts from B. R. Ambedkar University. She performed as a child artist in television series “Veera Satrajit”, and “Dr. Mamatha” for Doordarshan. She is married to Rahul Reddy in 2009, the couple have a Son Avish. The couple divorced in 2012.
# Lyubertsy

Lyubertsy (Russian: Люберцы, IPA:) is a city and the administrative center of Lyuberetsky District in Moscow Oblast, Russia.

## Demographics

Population: 224,195 (2021 Census); 172,525 (2010 Census); 156,691 (2002 Census); 165,478 (1989 Soviet census).

## History

It was first mentioned in 1621 and was granted town status in 1925. It is sometimes described as a working class suburb of Moscow.
In 1909 International Harvester bought now defunct Uhtomsky factory which before produced railway air brakes and was called "New York" and was repurposed to produce agricultural equipment. It was closed in 2007.
Lyubertsy was home to the Lyubers Soviet sports youth movement in the 1980s. During the perestroika years of the 1990s, the Lyubers, and by association Lyubertsy, formed a part of the emerging organized crime syndicates.

## Administrative and municipal status

Within the framework of administrative divisions, Lyubertsy serves as the administrative center of Lyuberetsky District. As an administrative division, it is incorporated within Lyuberetsky District as the Town of Lyubertsy. As a municipal division, the Town of Lyubertsy is incorporated within Lyuberetsky Municipal District as Lyubertsy Urban Settlement.

## Economy

Lyubertsy is a major industrial center. There are over twenty-five industrial enterprises and a large railway junction. Prevailing branches of industry are mechanical engineering, metalworking, production of construction materials, woodworking, and food processing.
The largest enterprises include:
* Kamov company. Ukhtomsky Helicopter plant named after N. I. Kamov (developer of the Ka-50 "Black Shark" and Ka-52 "Alligator" helicopters)
* Ukhtomsky machine-building plant, making equipment for raising livestock
* "Torgmash" joint-stock company produces manufacturing equipment
* A construction materials plant
* "Lyuberetskye carpets" collective
* "Belaya dacha" agricultural processing plant, a supplier for McDonald's

## Notable people

* Sergey Abeltsev, politician
* Michael Belov, racing driver
* Yuri Gagarin, first human in space
* Alexander Menshikov, assistant of Peter the Great
* Sergei Lobanov, Russian Second Division football player
* Nikolay Rastorguyev, lead singer of rock group Lyube
* Boris Razinsky, Olympic champion association football player
* Vasily Yakemenko, youth politician
# Strength tester

Strength tester may refer to:
* Grippers, a device used for testing and increasing the strength of the hands
* High striker, a attraction that operates by utilizing the lever where one end holds a puck attached to the tower and the other end is struck by the person or contestant using a hammer or mallet
* Strength tester machine, a type of amusement personality tester machine, which upon receiving credit rates the subject's strength, according to how strongly the person presses levers, squeezes a grip or punches a punching bag
# Earwire

An earwire is a bow of wire, looped to fasten an earring to a pierced ear. It is generally made of precious metal or hypoallergenic surgical steel. Earwires are available commercially, as jewelry findings, but some jewelers make their own. Earwires and similar forms can be made with simple wire wrap techniques. There are a variety of both commercial and homemade jigs to improve the uniformity and speed of creation. A simple homemade jig can be made with a block of wood and several nails, smooth metal pins or bolts.

## Styles

* Kidney wires pass through the earlobe and hook onto themselves and form a closed loop.
* French loops pass through the earlobe but do not fasten at the back, instead relying on gravity to hold them in the wearer's ear.
* Omega clips are a combination between earwires and posts. While a post passes through the earlobe, a hinged wire (often shaped like the Greek letter Omega) flips up from the back of the earring to the back of the earlobe in order to secure the post in place of a friction back. The Omega mechanism is similar to that used in clip-on earrings for non-pierced ears.
# Francis A. Wallar

Francis Asbury Wallar (August 15, 1840 – April 30, 1911) was a Union Army volunteer in the American Civil War and received the Medal of Honor for actions on the first day of the Battle of Gettysburg, July 1, 1863. He was a corporal in Company I of the 6th Wisconsin Infantry Regiment, in the Iron Brigade of the Army of the Potomac. During the battle, he engaged a Confederate soldier of the 2nd Mississippi Infantry Regiment in single combat, capturing him and seizing his battle flag.
Following the war he became Sheriff of Vernon County, Wisconsin. Wallar died in 1911 and was buried in Walnut Mound Cemetery in Retreat, Wisconsin. A plaque commemorating Wallar was installed at the cemetery in Retreat in 1961.

## Medal of Honor citation

Rank and organization: Corporal, Company I, 6th Wisconsin Infantry. Place and date: At Gettysburg, Pa., July 1, 1863. Entered service at: DeSoto, Vernon County, Wis. Birth: Guernsey County, Ohio. Date of issue: December 1, 1864.
Citation:
   Capture of flag of 2d Mississippi Infantry (C.S.A.)