OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Mikhail Golosov

Mikhail Golosov (Russian: Михаил Голосов) is a Belarusian-American economist currently the Homer J. Livingston Professor of Economics at the University of Chicago and a Fellow of the Econometric Society. He previously served as Chemical Bank Chairman's Professor of Economics at Princeton University.
Education
Golosov earned a bachelor's degree in economics and banking from Belarus State Economic University in 1998. After graduation, he completed his master's degree in University of British Columbia in 1999. Finally, he was able to get a Doctor of Philosophy in economics from University of Minnesota in 2004.
Teaching Experiences
Golosov was an Assistant Professor with the title of Dornbusch Career Development Associate Professor at MIT from 2004 to 2009. He was a professor at Yale University from 2009 to 2011. He was a professor with the title of Chemical Bank Chairman's Professor of Economics at Princeton University from 2011 to 2017. Finally, he is continuing the Homer J. Livingston Professor of Economics at the University of Chicago as stated above. Also, he had a lot of experiences as a visiting professor at Kellogg School of Management and Harvard University.
Teaching Courses
These are some teaching courses from Professor Golosov based on his CV, and he mainly focused on teaching about Public Finance and some courses related to Macroeconomics as well.
University of Chicago: ECON33100 (Theory of Income), ECON26010 (Introduction to Public Finance), ECON36000 (Public Finance)
Northwestern University: ECON309 (Element of Public Finance), ECON436 (Public Finance)
Princeton University: ECON341 (Public Finance), ECON523 (Graduate Public Finance)
Yale University: ECON511b (Macroeconomics), ECON790 (Political Economy)
Harvard University: ECON2410c (Advanced Macroeconomics)
MIT: 14.472 (Public Finance), 14.453 (Macroeconomics), 14.462 (Advanced Macroeconomics), 14.128 (Dynamic Programming), 14.102 (Mathematics for Economists)
# Insulin glulisine

Insulin glulisine, sold under the brand name Apidra among others, is a rapid-acting modified form of medical insulin used for the treatment of diabetes. It differs from human insulin in that the amino acid asparagine at position B3 is replaced by lysine and the lysine in position B29 is replaced by glutamic acid. When injected subcutaneously, it appears in the blood earlier than regular human insulin (RHI). Intravenous injections may be used for extreme hyperglycemia. It was developed by Sanofi-Aventis.
The most common side effects include hypoglycaemia (low blood glucose levels).
Insulin glulisine was approved for medical use in the United States and in the European Union in 2004.

## Medical uses

Insulin glulisine is indicated for the treatment of diabetes.

## Mechanism behind the rapid bioavailability

The monomer-monomer interactions are weaker in insulin glulisin compared to unmodified human insulin, and therefore, it does not as readily form dimers and hexamers, which are dominant in unmodified insulin. Due to their large size, insulin hexamers need to break up into dimers or monomers before they are able to enter the blood and become biologically active. Specifically, the B3 mutation causes electrostatic repulsion in the hexamer to arginine-22 in the B chain of other insulin molecules in the same hexamer, while the B29 mutation causes fewer hydrogen bonds to stabilize the dimer. Furthermore, the isoelectric point of insulin glulisine insulin, which is shifted from 5.5 (of unmodified human insulin) to 5.1, increases the solubility at physiological pH levels.
# Khilok (river)

The Khilok (Russian: Хилок; Mongolian: Хилго/Khilgo, Buryat: Хёлго/Khyoolgo) is a river in Eastern Siberia, a right tributary of the Selenga. The length of the river is 840 km (520 mi) and its watershed is 38,500 square kilometres (14,900 sq mi). There are a few settlements on its banks: Khilok, Bada etc.
Arakhley Lake belongs to the Khilok river basin.
# Palm tree (disambiguation)

Palm tree usually refers to tree-like plants of the family Arecaceae:
Palm trees can grow to about 10 to 200 feet tall.
* See Arecaceae#Selected genera for lists of genera belonging to the family
* See Arecaceae#Other plants for species commonly called palms, although not true palms
Palm tree may also refer to:

## Places

* Palmtree, Queensland, Australia; a locality
* Palm Tree Mosque, Long Street, Cape Town, South Africa; a mosque
* Palm Trees Park, Pontevedra, Galicia, Spain; a park
* The Palm Tree, Mile End, Hamlets, London, England, UK; a Grade-II listed building
* The Palm Tree (Bow), London, England, UK; a pub
* Palm Tree, New York, U.S.; a town

## Other uses

* "Palm Tree", a 2016 single by Chancellor
* "Palm Tree" (J Hus song), a 2023 song by J Hus of the album Beautiful and Brutal Yard
* "Palm Trees" (Jungle song), a 2023 song by Jungle off the album Volcano
# Kazym

The Kazym (Russian: Казы́м) is a river in Beloyarsky District, Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug, Russia. It is 659 kilometres (409 mi) long, with a drainage basin of 35,600 square kilometres (13,700 sq mi). Its average discharge is 267 cubic metres per second (9,400 cu ft/s).
The town of Beloyarsky is along the Kazym.

## Course

The Kazym is a right tributary of the Ob. Its sources are in the Siberian Uvaly. It flows through the northern part of the West Siberian Plain meandering across a very swampy valley. There are numerous lakes in its basin, including the relatively large Sorum-Lor and the Saran-Kho-Lor. The Kazym river is fed mainly by snow. It freezes in early November and begins to thaw in late May.

### Tributaries

The main tributaries of the Kazym are the 374 km (232 mi) long Amnya, the 285 km (177 mi) long Lykhn and the 156 km (97 mi) long Pomut on the left, as well as the 190 km (120 mi) long Sorum on the right.
# Galiara

The Galiara are a Muslim community found in the state of Gujarat in India.
# Ronald Singh

Shaikhom Ronald Singh (born 17 February 1997) is an Indian professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Gokulam Kerala FC in the I-League.
# İsmail Zühdi Efendi

İsmail Zühdi Efendi (Ottoman Turkish: اسماعيل زهدى Modern Turkish: Hattat İsmail Zühdü Efendi, also known as Yeni İsmail Zühdi; died 1806) was an Ottoman calligrapher. “Efendi” is a title of nobility, so this name can also be rendered İsmail Zühdi.

## Life and career

İsmail Zühdi was born in Unye on the Black Sea. His father, Mehmed Kaptan, took him to Istanbul at a young age to learn the Qur'an. He is also known as Yeni İsmail Zühdi, or İsmail Zühdi the Second, to distinguish him from another calligrapher by the same name who lived in an earlier period.
İsmail Zühdi had a much younger brother, Mustafa Râkim, who also became a calligrapher. When Mustafa was still quite young, their father took the boy to Istanbul to live with İsmail and study calligraphy with him. By that time, İsmail had been appointed as an instructor of calligraphy at the Imperial Palace, which is where the young Mustafa Râkim received his formal training, studying under his brother.
İsmail Zühdi wrote in a firm and masterful way. The two brothers, İsmail Zühdi and Mustafa Râkim, went on to develop their own style of calligraphy based on the work of Hâfiz Osman. They were able to develop a style of celi sülüs that was aesthetically pleasing, something that other calligraphers had not been able to do. His younger brother, Mustafa Râkim, also perfected the tughra and went on to perfect other scripts, becoming İsmail Zühdi's most celebrated pupil.
Some forty Qur’ans copied by him have survived. He also left many writing boards, ki'tas and muraqqas. The inscriptions of the mausoleum of Châh-Sultane at the Deftèrdâr of Eyyoub are by him as is the inscription placed above the door of this same mausoleum is from Mouçtafa 'Izzèt Yasâri. He died in 1806 and was buried outside the gate of Adrianople, at the Edirnekapı Martyr's Cemetery. His brother Mustafa wrote his epitaph. Mustafa postponed his major calligraphic innovations until İsmail died, in deference to seniority.
# Banff Bay

Banff Bay (Scottish Gaelic: Bàgh Bhanbh) is a coastal embayment in Scotland situated between the towns of Banff, Aberdeenshire and Macduff, Aberdeenshire. The Burn of Myrehouse is one of the streams draining to Banff Bay. Banff Bay is a prominent geographical feature along the northern coast of Aberdeenshire, and it is visible from a number of locations along the coastal plain such as Longman Hill situated somewhat distant to the east.
# Hunneberg

Hunneberg is a Swedish mountain just east of Vänersborg and Trollhättan, located in Vänersborg Municipality. The larger of the two, Hunneberg sits directly adjacent to the smaller Halleberg.
# Nyurolka

The Nyurolka is a river in Tomsk Oblast, Russia, a right tributary of the Vasyugan. It is 399 kilometres (248 mi) long, and has a drainage basin of 8,110 square kilometres (3,130 sq mi).
# Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research and Development

Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research and Development (J&JPRD) is part of Johnson & Johnson Innovative Medicine business segment. It is responsible for discovering and developing pharmaceutical drugs. J&JPRD has research sites located in Raritan, New Jersey, Titusville, New Jersey, Spring House, Pennsylvania, La Jolla, California, Beerse, Belgium and Toledo, Spain.
J&JPRD was created in 2001 through the merging of various research organizations including McNeil Pharmaceuticals, Janssen Research Foundation, Three Dimensional Pharmaceuticals, and the R. W. Johnson Pharmaceutical Research Institute.

## Research Collaborative

In addition to internal research and development activities J&JPRD is also involved in publicly funded collaborative research projects, with other industrial and academic partners. One example in the area of non-clinical safety assessment is the InnoMed PredTox. The company is expanding its activities in joint research projects within the framework of the Innovative Medicines Initiative of EFPIA and the European Commission.
# Chondon

The Chondon (Russian: Чондон; Yakut: Чондоон, Çondoon) is a river in Ust-Yansky District, Sakha Republic (Yakutia), Russia. It is 606 kilometres (377 mi) long, with a drainage basin of 18,900 square kilometres (7,300 sq mi).
The Chondon mammoth was discovered in 2013 in the Chondon basin, at the feet of the Polousny Range, 66 km south-west of the village of Tumat. It had died at the age of 47 to 50 years.

## Course

The river begins in the northern slopes of the Selennyakh Range at an elevation of 640 metres (2,100 ft). It flows roughly northwards west of the Yana River across the Yana-Indigirka Lowland meandering strongly among marshy areas and lakes. In its lower course it flows parallel to the Sellyakh in the east. Yarok Island lies across its mouth, in the Chondon Bay, by the Yana Bay of the Laptev Sea.
There are over 6,600 lakes in the Chondon basin, with a total area of 497 km$^2$ (192 sq mi). The river freezes yearly between early October and early June.

### Tributaries

The main tributaries of the Chondon are the 170 km (110 mi) long Buor-Yuryakh, with its source in the Kyundyulyun, from the left, as well as the 142 km (88 mi) long Ygaanna (Ыгаанньа), the 104 km (65 mi) long Dodomo and the 243 km (151 mi) long Nuchcha (Нучча) from the right.

## Fauna

Among the fish species found in the river, muksun, nelma, omul and vendace deserve mention.
* Yana-Indigirka Lowland map section
# Ambarnaya

The Ambarnaya (Russian: Амбарная, lit. 'barn girl') is a river in Siberia which flows in a northerly direction into Lake Pyasino. On leaving Lake Pyasino, the waters emerge as the river Pyasina. It shares a common delta with the river Norilskaya. It is 60 kilometres (37 mi) long, and has a drainage basin of 428 square kilometres (165 sq mi).
The river is fed by rain and meltwater. It is shallow and its bed consists of glacial moraine – gravel and pebbles. It is heavily polluted by the mining industry of Norilsk, namely Nornickel, so fishing is no longer possible.

## Diesel spill

In May 2020, 20,000 tonnes of diesel fuel spilt into the river from a power plant. With a 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) stretch of river seriously affected, Russia's president, Vladimir Putin, declared a state of emergency.
# National Defence League (Australia)

The National Defence League (NDL) was an independent conservative political party, founded in 1891 by MLC Richard Baker in South Australia as an immediate response to the perceived threat from Labor. Though subsumed with the National Association and other entities into the Australasian National League (ANL) in 1896, it was still often referred to by its former name. It lasted until the 1910 election, after which it merged with the Liberal and Democratic Union and the Farmers and Producers Political Union to become the Liberal Union.
The NDL, composed of Adelaide businessmen, professional men and pastoralists, organised to oppose: Labor and the United Trades and Labour Council, perceived socialism, increased suffrage, the eight-hour day, state conciliation and arbitration, and a single tax. The NDL stood for 'the preservation of law, order and property' and was opposed to 'all undue class influence in Parliament'.
The party's highest vote was 30.6 percent at the 1896 election. The highest number of seats won by the party was 20 (37% of seats) at the 1893 election. Its highest proportion was 17 of 42 seats (40.5% of seats) at the 1902 election.
Many candidates and MPs received election endorsement only rather than being chosen as an official candidate.
The current South Australian Division of the Liberal Party of South Australia claims on its website that the party originated with the NDL.
# Lenglingen

Lenglingen is a lake in Lierne Municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway. The 16.9-square-kilometre (6.5 sq mi) lake is fed by the lakes Holden and Gusvatnet, and the water from Lenglingen flows south into the lake Ulen. The village of Mebygda lies on the southeastern shore of the lake.
# Konda (Vitim)

The Konda (Russian: Конда) is a river in Buryatia, southern East Siberia, Russia. It is 285 kilometres (177 mi) long, and has a drainage basin of 10,400 square kilometres (4,000 sq mi). There are a few inhabited places close to the banks of the river, including Tselinny, Konda, Telemba and Alekseevka in the Yeravninsky District.
The Konda is a river rich in fish. Tourists regularly visit the area for fishing and watersports. There is a military training ground of the Russian Armed Forces Eastern Military District 1 km (0.62 mi) to the west of the left bank of the river in the area of Telemba village.

## Course

The Konda is a right tributary of the Vitim. Its sources are in the small Khudan Range, west of Chita. It flows across mountainous terrain between the northern section of the Yablonoi Mountains and the Chersky Range. The river flows first in a northeastern direction and then bends gradually meandering northwards in a floodplain with about 500 lakes. The largest and most picturesque is Telemba. Finally the Konda meets the Vitim 1,397 kilometres (868 mi) from its mouth in the Lena.
The longest tributaries of the Konda are the Ursa, Mongoi, Ushmun and Ilkolyu on the right, and the Kumka on the left. The river is frozen between the second half of October and early May. It can have fluctuations in the water level in summer and autumn. There is patchy distribution of permafrost in the basin.
* Basin of the Vitim with the Konda in the lower part.
# Chaya (river)

The Chaya (Russian: Чая) is a river in Buryatia and Irkutsk Oblast, Russia. It is the 26th longest tributary of the Lena, with a length of 353 kilometres (219 mi) and a drainage basin area of 11,400 square kilometres (4,400 sq mi). The Chaya flows across Kirensky District, there are no settlements on the banks of the river.
In the International scale of river difficulty the Chaya is a Class IV-V destination for rafting and kayaking.

## Course

The Chaya is a right tributary of the Lena. It has its sources in an alpine lake of the Upper Angara Range. It flows mainly northwards at the bottom of a glacial valley in its upper course. Then it flows across the North Baikal Highlands within a narrow valley, with the Akitkan Range to the west, easing into the Prebaikal Depression in a roughly NNW direction, where its channel divides into branches. The riverbed is very rocky all along. Finally the Chaya meets the right bank of the Lena, about 100 kilometres (62 mi) downstream from Kirensk, 3,017 kilometres (1,875 mi) from the Lena's mouth in the Laptev Sea.
The main tributaries of the Chaya are the Magdana, Nalimda and Limpeya from the right, and the Olokit, Abchada and Kilyakta from the left. Snow falls usually from November to March in the area of the river.
* Basin of the Lena

## Flora and fauna

There are larch forests all along the banks of the Chaya, with Siberian spruce in its lower course. Grayling, whitefish and lenok are among the fish species found in the waters of the river.
# Parbig

Parbig (Russian: Парбиг) is a river in Tomsk Oblast, Russia. It gives origin to the Chaya river.

## Course

It has its sources in the Vasyugan Swamp. It flows roughly in a northeastern direction across Bakcharsky district into Chainsky district, where it meets the Bakchar [ru]; the two flow into one another and become the Chaya, a tributary of the Ob.

### Tributaries

Its main tributary is the 232 km (144 mi) long Andarma on the right. Listed by distance from the river's mouth, other tributaries are:
* 18 km (11 mi): Upper Nyursa [ru]
* 34 km (21 mi): Bundyur [ru]
* 64 km (40 mi): Vshivka [ru]
* 68 km (42 mi): Andarma [ru]
* 97 km (60 mi): Kedrovka (lower tributary) [ru]
* 105 km (65 mi): Nilga [ru]
* 116 km (72 mi): Nizhnyaya Mokhovaya [ru]
* 138 km (86 mi): Penzyachka [ru]
* 143 km (89 mi): Spirtovka
* 152 km (94 mi): Verkhnyaya Mokhovaya [ru]
* 180 km (110 mi): Kedrovka (upper tributary) [ru]
* 184 km (114 mi): Dvoychaga [ru]
* 210 km (130 mi): (unnamed river)
* 212 km (132 mi): Silenskaya [ru]
* 218 km (135 mi): Chaga [ru]
* 231 km (144 mi): Burka [ru]
* 251 km (156 mi): (unnamed river)
* 252 km (157 mi): Gar [ru]
* 278 km (173 mi): Smorodinka [ru]
* 279 km (173 mi): Kudreyka [ru]
# Bisby River

The Bisby River is a tributary of Lac Noir whose waters flow into lake Aylmer; the latter constitutes an extension of the Saint-François River. The course of the Bisby river crosses the territory of the municipalities of Saint-Joseph-de-Coleraine and Disraeli, in the Les Appalaches Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Chaudière-Appalaches, on the South Shore of the St. Lawrence River, in Quebec, Canada.

## Geography

The main neighboring watersheds of the Bisby River are:
* north side: Coleraine River;
* east side: Saint-François River;
* south side: Saint-François River;
* west side: lake Aylmer.
Bisby Lake
The Bisby River has its source at Bisby Lake (length: 0.8 kilometres (0.50 mi); altitude: 347 metres (1,138 ft)), located in the municipality of Saint-Joseph-de-Coleraine, at 2.0 kilometres (1.2 mi) north of the Saint-François River. This head lake is located 1.1 metres (3 ft 7 in) south of the summit of Mont Nadeau (altitude: 509 metres (1,670 ft)).
The route 112 and route 263 coming from the Allard dam road, give access to Bisby lake. Twenty-eight (28) homes have been built near the lake, fifteen of which are permanent residences
Bisby River
The Bisby River flows for six kilometers, parallel to the Saint-François River and passing as close as 0.6 kilometres (0.37 mi) southeast of Mont Bengel (elevation: 472 metres (1,549 ft)) and at 0.8 kilometres (0.50 mi) southeast of Colline Brousseau.
After a six-kilometer journey, the Bisby River empties onto the east shore of lake Aylmer, at 0.6 kilometres (0.37 mi) north of the city limit of Disraeli (city), 1.7 kilometres (1.1 mi) north of the Disraeli (city) bridge and 1.0 kilometre (0.62 mi) southeast of the mouth of the Coleraine River. Aylmer Lake receives the waters of the Coleraine River from the north, which connects to Moose Bay. The demarcation between Disraeli (parish) and Disraeli (city) is in the middle of the lake.
The resort is highly developed on the shores of lake Aylmer and the lower part of the Coleraine River. Recreational boating is very popular on these bodies of water.

## Toponymy

The term Bisby turns out to be a family name.
The toponym Rivière Bisby was officially registered on December 5, 1968, at the Commission de toponymie du Québec.
# Victor Tchmal

Victor Tchmal (13 October 1960 – 14 June 2015) was a Russian glider and powered aerobatic pilot.
He won the 18th FAI World (Powered) Aerobatic Championships 1996 in Oklahoma City flying a Sukhoi Su-26. In the 6th FAI World Glider Aerobatic Championships in Fayence in 1995 he won the team gold medal together with Mikhail Mamistov and Sergey Rakhmanin. They all flew Swift S-1.
# Riviersonderend Mountains

The Riviersonderend Mountains are a mountain range in the Cape Fold Belt of the Western Cape province of South Africa. They run east to west from Riviersonderend to Villiersdorp, separating the Breede River Valley from the Overberg region. They are composed of Table Mountain Sandstone and attain a maximum height near McGregor and Riviersonderend as Pilaarkop (Afrikaans: Pillar Head (1654m)). The ranges are rich in fynbos flora and experience a typical Mediterranean climate.
The name stems from the Sonderend River, and was originally a literal translation of the Khoi-khoi name "Kannakamkanna" ("river without end") into Afrikaans.
# Amanat (2016 film)

Amanat (Kazakh: Аманат, Amanat) is a 2016 Kazakhstani drama film directed by Satybaldy Narymbetov. The film was selected as the Kazakhstani entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 89th Academy Awards but it was not nominated.

## Cast

* Berik Aitzhanov as Ermukhan