OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Ron Egloff

Ronald Barry Egloff (born October 3, 1955) is a former American football tight end, who played eight seasons in the National Football League (NFL) for the Denver Broncos and San Diego Chargers.

## High school career

Egloff attended Plymouth-Salem High School in Plymouth, Michigan, where he earned varsity letters for football and basketball from 1970 to 1973. As a junior, he caught 25 passes for 385 yards and four touchdowns, earning Detroit Free Press first-team all-suburban honors. As a senior, Egloff caught 30 passes for 458 yards on offense while averaging 15 tackles a game on defense as a linebacker, earning Detroit Free Press first-team all-suburban and second-team all-metro honors. He committed to play college football at the University of Wisconsin, signing his National Letter of Intent in April 1973.

## College career

Egloff had one reception as a sophomore in 1974 – a diving nine-yard touchdown catch in a 21–20 win over Nebraska. As a junior, he made eight catches for 78 yards. As a senior in 1976, Egloff was the team's second-leading receiver with 20 catches for 308 yards and four touchdowns, earning an invitation to play in the Blue–Gray Football Classic in Montgomery, Alabama.

## Professional career

After going unselected in the 1977 NFL draft, Egloff signed with the Denver Broncos as an undrafted free agent. In his first year, the Broncos won their first AFC Championship and went to Super Bowl XII in New Orleans against the Dallas Cowboys and lost, 27–10.
On September 12, 1984, Egloff was signed by the San Diego Chargers following a brief "retirement" by Kellen Winslow. Egloff was one of four tight ends on the roster until he was waived on October 12. He was subsequently re-signed by San Diego on October 23 following injuries to the other three tight ends. Egloff played 12 games and made 11 catches that season. He was subsequently released by the Chargers in July 1985.

## Personal life

Two of Egloff's brothers played college football: Randy at Yale and Dick at Arizona State. After football, Egloff was a partner in the restaurant Jackson Hole Sports Grill for twenty years. He is married to his wife Julee. They have three children: Dayton, Adam, and Elliott.
# Bolshaya Tes

Bolshaya Tes (Russian: Большая Тесь) was a rural locality (a (village) in the Novosyolovsky District of Krasnoyarsk Krai, Russia.

## Geography

Bolshaya Tes was named after the Bolshaya Tes River, currently known as Tes [ru], which flowed into the Yenisey near the village. On the maps of the 19th-early 20th centuries, it was called Tesinskaya.

## History

Bolshaya Tes was a village in the Novoselovskaya volost of the Minusinsky Uyezd in Yeniseysk Governorate. It was flooded during the filling of the Krasnoyarsk Reservoir in 1972.

## Notable people

Bolshaya Tes is the birthplace of politician Konstantin Chernenko.
# Wolfram Schultz

Wolfram Schultz FRS is a Professor of Neuroscience at the University of Cambridge known for his discovery of the neurophysiological dopamine reward signal.

## Life and career

Schultz received his medical degree from the University of Heidelberg in 1972 and his PhD (habilitation) in Physiology from the University of Fribourg, Switzerland. He completed three postdoctoral research fellowships: with the neurophysiologist Otto Creutzfeld at the Max-Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry in Gottingen, Germany, the neurophysiologist John C. Eccles at State University of New York at Buffalo in the USA, and the neurohistologist and neuropsychopharmacist Urban Ungerstedt at the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm. Schultz worked at the University of Fribourg from 1977 to 2001 and then moved to the University of Cambridge in 2001, where he is Professor of Neuroscience (and has been Wellcome Principal Research Fellow from 2001 to 2023).

## Research

During the 1980s and 1990s, Schultz was experimenting with macaque monkeys when he found that dopamine neurons in their basal ganglia increased in activity after they were given a reward. This led to the discovery for which he is best known: dopamine neurons signal errors in reward prediction (the difference between the reward an animal expects and the reward it actually receives). He subsequently carried his work to the neuroeconomics of reward and decision-making, using concepts from economic choice theory and studying dopamine neurons, orbitofrontal cortex, striatum and amygdala.

## Honours and awards

He won the Golden Brain Award in 2002, The Brain Prize in 2017, the Gruber Prize in Neuroscience in 2018, the Karl Spencer Lashley Award in 2019, and has an h-index of 101.
He is a Fellow of the Royal Society, Member of the Academia Europaea and past president of the European Brain and Behaviour Society.

## Selected publications

* Schultz W, Dayan P, Montague PR (1997). "A neural substrate of prediction and reward". Science. 275: 1593–1599. doi:10.1126/science.275.5306.1593. PMID 9054347.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
* Schultz W (1998). "Predictive reward signal of dopamine neurons". J Neurophysiol. 80: 1–27. doi:10.1152/jn.1998.80.1.1. PMID 9658025.
* Schultz W (2002). "Getting formal with dopamine and reward". Neuron. 36: 241–263. doi:10.1016/s0896-6273(02)00967-4. PMID 12383780.
* Schultz W (2015). "Neuronal reward and decision signals: from theories to data". Physiol Rev. 95: 853–951. doi:10.1152/physrev.00023.2014. PMC 4491543. PMID 26109341.
# Demetrius of Tiflis

Demetrius of Tiflis or Demetrio da Tifliz was a 14th-century Christian layman and martyr from Georgia or Armenia. He is venerated in the Roman Catholic Church as one of the Four Martyrs of Thane, on April 9.

## Life

In 1320, Demetrius left Hormuz with the Franciscans Peter of Siena, James of Padua and Thomas of Tolentino and the Dominican Jordan of Sévérac. - Demetrius was proficient at languages and served as the group's interpreter. A storm forced the party to land at Thane on the island of Salsette Island near Mumbai in India, en route and were greeted by local Nestorians. Jordan left them to preach at Bharuch, reaching Sopara (see Sopara in history) before he heard Demetrius and the Franciscans had been arrested. The family with whom they were staying had fallen into a quarrel and the husband had beaten his wife. When she went to the qadi to report this abuse, she had mentioned the four clerics as witnesses and they were called before him. Thomas, James, and Demetrius had gone to the court while Peter remained behind to look after their things. Having begun a discussion of religion, the qadi had asked them their opinion of Muhammad and Thomas replied bluntly that he was "the son of perdition and had his place in Hell with the Devil his father". At this, the Muslims around the court called for their death for blasphemy. Some accounts claim they were scourged and tortured before their execution by beheading on April 8, 1321. Peter was killed three days later.
# Kopust

The Kopust branch of the Chabad dynasty of Hasidic Judaism was founded in 1866 by Yehuda Leib Schneersohn after the death of his father Menachem Mendel Schneersohn, the third Chabad rebbe. It is named after the town of Kopys in the Vitebsk Region of present-day Belarus, where Yehuda Leib Schneersohn settled after his father's death.

## History

Kopust is an offshoot of the Chabad-Lubavitch movement which produced multiple offshoot groups through its over 200-year history. The death of the third Chabad rebbe Menachem Mendel Schneersohn led to a dispute over his succession leading to the founding of Kopust.

### Founding

Following Schneersohn's death in 1866 a dispute arose among several of his seven sons over the succession. While the youngest son, Shmuel Schneersohn assumed the title of rebbe in the town of Lubavitch, another son, Yehuda Leib Schneersohn, assumed the title in the town of Kopys, but died less than a year later and was succeeded by his son Shlomo Zalman Schneersohn.

### Leadership

The Kopust dynasty had four rebbes:
* Yehuda Leib Schneersohn (1808-1866), known as the Maharil of Kopust. He founded the movement after the death of his father, Menachem Mendel Scheersohn.
* Shlomo Zalman Schneersohn (1830–1900), oldest son of Yehuda Leib, assumed his father’s position in Kopust. He is the author of a work on Hasidism titled "Magen Avot" ("Shield of the Fathers").
* Shalom Dovber Schneersohn (1834-1908), known as the Rashab of Rechitsa. Succeeding his brother, Shlomo Zalman, Shalom Dovber served as the Kopuster movement's rebbe in the town of Rechitsa.
* Shmaryahu Noah Schneersohn (1842–1924), known as Shmaryahu Noah of Babruysk. Succeeding his brother, Shlomo Zalman, Shmaryahu Noah served as the Kopuster movement's rebbe in the town of Babruysk. He was rabbi of the chasidim in Babruysk from 1872, and founded a yeshiva there in 1901. He authored a two volume work on Hasidism, titled "Shemen LaMaor" ("Light for the Luminary").

### Kopust today

After the death of the fourth rebbe of Kopust, the adherents of the Kopuster movement rejoined the Chabad-Lubavitch movement.
The oldest extant Chabad synagogue in Israel, the Ohel Yitzchok (אהל יצחק) synagogue in the Mea Shearim neighborhood of Jerusalem—also called the Baal HaTanya Shul (Yiddish: בעל התניא שול: "Baal HaTanya's synagogue")—active since 1900, was originally affiliated with Kopust.

## Relationship with Chabad-Lubavitch

While the Kopust movement originally was at odds with the Chabad-Lubavitch movement over the successor to the third Chabad rebbe, the sixth Lubavitcher rebbe, Yosef Yitzchak Schneersohn referred to the Rebbes of Kopust as "Admorim", or rebbes.

## Works

* Magen Avos of Shlomo Zalman Schneerson
* Shemen La'Maor of Shmaryahu Noah Schneersohn vol. 1 vol. 2
# Blackburn Arena

Blackburn Arena is an Olympic-size ice arena in Blackburn, England. It is the home of Blackburn Hawks and Blackburn Eagles ice hockey clubs. The arena, which was opened in April 1991 by Christopher Dean and Jayne Torvill, holds 3,200 people and has an ice pad of 60 by 30 metres (197 by 98 ft). The arena was built to coincide with Manchester’s 1996 Summer Olympic bid, with the possibility of boxing contests being held there. It was refurbished in 2005. It is currently operated by Planet Ice.
The arena was originally owned by Blackburn Council before being sold to the Peel Group. It was subsequently sold to the Silver Blades in December 2015.
WCW (World Championship Wrestling) held a tour event at the arena in October 1993, as did the WWF (World Wrestling Federation) the following year, and rock band Status Quo held the only concert to date there in November 1994 as part of their Thirsty Work world tour.
An independent junior development scheme for ice hockey is based at the arena, with teams for under 10s, under 12s, under 14s, under 16s and under 18s. These teams all go under the name of Blackburn Hawks Academy.
The arena is open seven days a week for public ice skating sessions, and includes a café and hockey shop.
# Smolnitsa Landscape Conservation Area

Smolnitsa Landscape Conservation Area was a nature park which was located in Ida-Viru County, Estonia.

## Size

The area of the nature park was 242 ha.

## History

The protected area was founded in 1967 to protect the dunes of Peipus Lake's northern coast (Estonian: Peipsi põhjaranniku luitestik) and its biodiversity.
In 2021, the protected area was incorporated to Alutaguse National Park.
# Hossein Shanbehzadeh

Hossein Shanbehzadeh (Persian: حسین شنبه‌زاده) is an Iranian writer and activist. He was arrested in 2024 after tweeting a single period (".").

## Career

Hossein has worked as a translator, literary editor and activist. He has gained notoriety for his critical or satirical messages about the Iranian regime and Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei. In 2019 he was arrested in relation with the 2019 Iranian protests, charged with “insulting the sanctities and the leader of the Islamic Republic.”, He was imprisoned in Evin Prison and sentenced to six years in prison. He was released at the beginning of 2024, between March and April, before the end of his sentence.

## Arrest for a tweet

On 4 June 2024, Hossein was arrested again a month after he tweeted a period (“.”) in response to Ali Khamenei, which garnered significantly more likes and impact than Khamenei's original post. The writer had previously also posted an exposé about the harsh practices in Evin Prison. Multiple users expressed outrage in response to the arrest. Shanbehzadeh was accused by authorities of spying for Israel, a charge that could mean the death penalty. His whereabouts are unknown as of June 2024.
# Ak-Kyya, Ak-Talaa

Ak-Kyya (Kyrgyz: Ак-Кыя) is a village in Ak-Talaa District of Naryn Region of Kyrgyzstan. Its population was 1094 in 2021.
# Laučynė Landscape Sanctuary

The Laučynė Landscape Sanctuary (Lithuanian: Laučynės kraštovaizdžio draustinis) is a protected area of a state importance in Josvainiai Eldership of Kėdainiai District Municipality, in central Lithuania. It was established in 1992 and covers an area of 3.55 square kilometres (1.37 sq mi). It encompasses a part of the Pernarava-Šaravai Forest with the Žvaranta river.
The aim of the sanctuary is to protect a typical landscape of the Nevėžis Plain covered by forest. Mixed forests predominate in the sanctuary, with small-leaved lime and hornbeam tree groups. Rare wild garlic and common ivy grow in the forest. There are crane nesting places.
The Šaravai Oak Tree (a nature monument) grows in the Laučynė Landscape Sanctuary.
# Shoja

Shoja (Persian: شجاع) may refer to:
* Shoja, East Azerbaijan
* Shoja, Kermanshah
* Shoja Rural District, in East Azerbaijan Province
# Juzir

Juzir (Persian: جوزير) may refer to:
* Juzir, Hormozgan
* Juzir, Lorestan
# Koen Kessels

Koen Kessels (born 1961) is a Belgian conductor and pianist. He is music director of The Royal Ballet and of Het Balletorkest, affiliated with the Dutch National Ballet.

## Biography

Trained as a pianist, Kessels studied at the Royal Conservatoire of Antwerp. He became a repetiteur and an assistant conductor at the Vlaamse Opera. He founded the music ensemble HERMES in 1998 and continues to serve as its artistic director. He has served as music director for the Belgian summer opera festival Zomeropera Alden Biesen.
Kessels became music director of Birmingham Royal Ballet in 2010. In 2015, he became music director of The Royal Ballet. In December 2023, Dutch National Ballet announced the appointment of Kessels as its next music director, which includes the posts of artistic director and chief conductor of Het Balletorkest, effective 1 August 2024. Kessels concluded his tenure as music director of Birmingham Royal Ballet on 30 June 2024.
Kessels is an honorary professor at Birmingham University, as well as artistic director of Inspiratum. He is also on staff of the Royal Conservatoire of Antwerp.
# The Quiet Storm (film)

The Quiet Storm (Icelandic: Veðramót) is a 2007 Icelandic drama film written and directed by Guðný Halldórsdóttir. It was entered into the 30th Moscow International Film Festival.

## Cast

* Tinna Hrafnsdóttir
* Hilmir Snær Guðnason
* Hera Hilmar (as Hera Hilmarsdóttir)
* Atli Rafn Sigurðsson
* Jörundur Ragnarsson
* Gunnur Martinsdóttir Schlüter as Eyja
* Baltasar Breki Baltasarsson as Diddi
* Arnmundur Ernst Björnsson as Otti
* Þorsteinn Bachmann as Keli
* Thórey Sigthórsdóttir as Dísa eldri
# Sigiswald Kuijken

Sigiswald Kuijken (Dutch:; born 16 February 1944) is a Belgian violinist, violist, and conductor known for playing on period and original instruments.

## Biography

Kuijken was born in Dilbeek, near Brussels. He was a member of the Alarius Ensemble of Brussels between 1964 and 1972 and formed La Petite Bande in 1972. Since 1971 he has taught Baroque violin at the Royal Conservatory of The Hague and the Royal Conservatory of Brussels. He is noted for using the older technique of resting the violin on the shoulder without a shoulder rest, rather than held under the chin. He is a member of the Kuijken String Quartet, which he formed in 1986. In recent years, he has also performed as conductor of symphonies of the Romantic era.
His brothers are also known for historically informed performance: Barthold Kuijken is a flutist and recorder player and Wieland Kuijken, also a member of the Kuijken Quartet, is a cellist and gambist. They all have worked extensively with harpsichordist Gustav Leonhardt.
On 2 February 2007 he was awarded the degree of Doctor Honoris Causa by the Catholic University of Leuven (Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium).

## Cantatas of J. S. Bach

Based on the results of research by Joshua Rifkin and Andrew Parrott on the authentic performance of Bach's masses, cantatas and passions, Sigiswald Kuijken limits the voices to one per part instead of a choir, although Bach himself sometimes extended to eight singers rather than a solo vocal quartet. Kuijken has also reduced the number of instrumentalists performing each cantata.
An example of Sigiswald Kuijken's approach is his recording for Accent Records of a 19-part CD series entitled Cantatas of JS Bach (recorded 2004–2012). The series was favourably received. However, the critic of the Gramophone, reviewing one of the earlier releases, pointed out that the series as projected would not be a complete recording of the cantatas, and expressed the view that Kuijken's small-scale, one voice per part approach works well with some cantatas, but would be less suited to others. Of the specific works reviewed, two featured choral movements, Herr, deine Augen sehen nach dem Glaube, BWV 102 and Wo Gott der Herr nicht bei uns hält, BWV 178.
# Guy Van Waas

Guy Van Waas (Brussels, 15 April 1948) is a Belgian conductor, clarinetist and organist.
He was clarinetist of the Orchestre des Champs-Élysées, Akademie für Alte Musik Berlin and the Orchestra of the Eighteenth Century. Since 2001 he is director of Les Agrémens, a baroque orchestra sponsored by the Communauté française de Belgique and conductor of the Choeur de Chambre de Namur. He was also professor of chamber music at the Conservatoire of Mons.

## Discography

* Joseph Haydn : Symphony Nr. 82 & 86 & Ludwig August Lebrun Hoboconcert, (Ricercar, 2010)
* André Ernest-Modeste Grétry Céphale et Procris ou l'Amour conjugal Ballet-héroique 1773. Ricercar RIC 302 2CDs, 2010.
* Rodolphe Kreutzer La mort d'Abel Ediciones Speciales, 2012
* Antoine Dauvergne: La Vénitienne Opéra-ballet (Ricercar, 2012)
* François-Joseph Gossec: Thésée, Tragédie-lyrique (Ricercar, 2013)
* André Modeste Grétry: La caravane du Caire, Comédie-lyrique (Ricercar, 2013)
* Jean Philippe Rameau: Le Temple de la Gloire Ballet-héroïque (Ricercar, 2014)
* Carl Maria von Weber: Klarinettenkonzerte Nr.1 & 2, Orchestra of the Eighteenth Century, with Eric Hoeprich, clarinet (Glossa, 2019)
# Virginia Martínez

Virginia Martínez (born 1979 in Molina de Segura, Región de Murcia) is a Spanish conductor. She conducts the Region of Murcia's Young orchestra.

## Biography

When she was 13 she was appointed "Hims Mola Children's Choir" conductor, in Molina de Segura until 1999. She made many courses about choral conduction and orchestral conduction. In 1999 she began to study Orchestral Conduction degree in Vienne's Conservatory, having Reinhard Schwarz and Georg Mark as teachers, ending its studies in June 2003. In February 2003 she conducted Markus Preisl's Deus ex Machina (a contemporary work) with the Group of Contemporary Music From Vienne's Conservatory.
She performed with the Stefan Holl's Winterlandschaft in April 2003.
# Piotr Gajewski

Piotr Marcin (Peter) Gajewski (born January 12, 1959) is a Polish-American former politician, conductor, and founder and former music director of the National Philharmonic, currently in residence at the Music Center at Strathmore in North Bethesda, Maryland, in the United States. It is a successor ensemble to the National Chamber Orchestra.
He served on the Rockville City Council in Maryland from 2007 to 2011.
In addition to his appearances with the National Philharmonic, Maestro Gajewski is in much demand as a guest conductor. In recent years, he has appeared with most of the major orchestras in his native Poland, as well as the Buffalo Philharmonic, Royal Liverpool Philharmonic in England, the Karlovy Vary Symphony in the Czech Republic, the Okanagan Symphony in Canada and numerous orchestras in the United States. Gajewski made his opera debut in 1994 with Washington's Summer Opera Theatre.
Born in Warsaw, Poland, Piotr Gajewski began studying piano at the age of four. After emigrating to the United States in 1969, he continued his studies at the New England Conservatory Preparatory Division, Carleton College and the University of Cincinnati, College-Conservatory of Music, where he earned B.M. and M.M. degrees in Orchestral Conducting.
Upon completing his formal education, Gajewski continued refining his conducting skills at the 1983 Tanglewood Music Festival in Massachusetts, where he was awarded a Leonard Bernstein Conducting Fellowship and where his teachers included Leonard Bernstein, Seiji Ozawa, André Previn, Gunther Schuller, Gustav Meier and Maurice Abravanel.
Maestro Gajewski has conducted many important world premieres, including works by Steven Gerber, Joel Hoffman, Andreas Makris, Gerhard Samuel, Burnett Thompson, and Peter Ware. In 2000, his recording with the National Philharmonic (then the National Chamber Orchestra) of Steven Gerber’s Violin Concerto, Cello Concerto, and Serenade for String Orchestra on the Koch International label was released to enthusiastic reviews. Gajewski is also a winner of many prizes and awards, among them a prize at New York's prestigious Leopold Stokowski Conducting Competition.
# Voronya (disambiguation)

Voronya is a river in the Kola Peninsula in Murmansk Oblast, Russia.
Voronya (Russian: Воронья) may also refer to:
* Voronya Cave, an alternative name for the Krubera Cave in Abkhazia, Georgia, Western Caucasus
* Voronya hill, Duderhof Heights, St. Petersburg, Russia
# Clear Labs

Clear Labs, Inc. is a private genomics testing company headquartered in San Carlos, California, United States. It offers a fully automated, next-generation sequencing (NGS) platform for turnkey diagnostics, including SARS-CoV-2 genomic characterization and detection of foodborne pathogens such as listeria and salmonella. It can also verify a food's ingredients, its GMO status, or conduct other tests.
Clear Labs was co-founded by Sasan Amini and Mahni Ghorashi in 2014, who left their jobs at a genomics company to start Clear Labs. The company acquired $6.5 million in series A financing in September 2015. In December 2016, the company closed a $16 million Series B funding round. This was followed by another $21 million round in October 2018.
Clear Labs was granted an Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) from the US FDA in September 2020 for its SARS-CoV-2 descriptive diagnostic test. Clear Labs launched in January 2021 a groundbreaking solution for whole genome sequencing surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 and its mutations. Clear Labs announced in March 2021 that the company had reached a critical milestone of over 50% public health laboratory penetration with its whole genome sequencing SARS-CoV-2 product, including laboratories such as Nebraska, Nevada, New York, California and Kansas, among others. Clear Labs Raised a $60M Series C round led by Morgan Stanley and T. Rowe Price in May 2021.
Clear Labs has also received governmental and professional certification for its food safety next generation sequencing platform, including from the International AOAC in December 2019 and the National Poultry Improvement Plan in October 2021.
# Beinan River

The Beinan River (Chinese: 卑南溪; pinyin: Bēinán Xī; Wade–Giles: Pei$^1$-nan$^2$ Hsi$^1$; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Pi-lâm-khe) is a river in Taiwan. It flows through Taitung County for 84 kilometers.