OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# The Eilan

The Eilan (Scottish Gaelic: Eilean Bheannchair) is a shinty stadium in the town of Newtonmore, Scotland. It is the home of Newtonmore Camanachd and has been a shinty venue since at least 1877.

## Location

The park is situated near a confluence between the River Calder and the River Spey on the outskirts of Newtonmore. It takes its name from Eilean Bheannchair which sits in the confluence.

## History

Shinty is recorded as being first played at the Eilan in 1877.
The ground was redeveloped in 1993 and has hosted several junior finals, including the 2010 Sutherland Cup final. The club has still to be granted the Camanachd Cup Final.
# Tulkibas District

Tulkibas or "Tyulkubas" (Kazakh: Түлкібас ауданы, Tülkıbas audany) is a district of Turkistan Region in southern Kazakhstan. The administrative center of the district is the selo of Turar Ryskulov. Population: 106,582 (2013 estimate); 95,468 (2009 Census results); 86,465 (1999 Census results).
# Asselborn

Asselborn (Luxembourgish: Aasselbuer) is a small town in the commune of Wincrange, in northern Luxembourg. As of 2024, the town has a population of 454.
Asselborn was a commune in the canton of Clervaux until 1 January 1978, when it was merged with the communes of Boevange, Hachiville, and Oberwampach to form the new commune of Wincrange. The law creating Wincrange was passed on 31 October 1977.

## Climate

Climate data for Asselborn (1991–2020) :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 12.5 (54.5) | 20.3 (68.5) | 21.9 (71.4) | 23.3 (73.9) | 29.6 (85.3) | 33.4 (92.1) | 37.9 (100.2) | 36.5 (97.7) | 32.4 (90.3) | 26.9 (80.4) | 20.4 (68.7) | 13.7 (56.7) | 37.9 (100.2) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 3.2 (37.8) | 4.4 (39.9) | 8.7 (47.7) | 13.2 (55.8) | 17.3 (63.1) | 20.4 (68.7) | 22.5 (72.5) | 22.2 (72.0) | 18.0 (64.4) | 12.8 (55.0) | 7.1 (44.8) | 3.9 (39.0) | 12.8 (55.0) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 1.2 (34.2) | 1.7 (35.1) | 4.7 (40.5) | 8.4 (47.1) | 12.1 (53.8) | 15.2 (59.4) | 17.0 (62.6) | 16.5 (61.7) | 12.8 (55.0) | 9.0 (48.2) | 4.7 (40.5) | 2.0 (35.6) | 8.8 (47.8) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −1.5 (29.3) | −1.5 (29.3) | 0.7 (33.3) | 3.2 (37.8) | 7.0 (44.6) | 9.9 (49.8) | 11.8 (53.2) | 11.4 (52.5) | 8.4 (47.1) | 5.7 (42.3) | 2.2 (36.0) | −0.5 (31.1) | 4.7 (40.5) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −19.7 (−3.5) | −18.4 (−1.1) | −17.6 (0.3) | −7.2 (19.0) | −2.7 (27.1) | −2.5 (27.5) | 3.2 (37.8) | 0.8 (33.4) | −0.4 (31.3) | −7.4 (18.7) | −14.1 (6.6) | −21.7 (−7.1) | −18.4 (−1.1) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 74.9 (2.95) | 61.0 (2.40) | 59.7 (2.35) | 48.3 (1.90) | 68.2 (2.69) | 70.5 (2.78) | 64.9 (2.56) | 80.6 (3.17) | 63.7 (2.51) | 67.5 (2.66) | 69.7 (2.74) | 90.2 (3.55) | 819.2 (32.25) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 12.8 | 11.2 | 11.0 | 9.1 | 10.3 | 10.4 | 10.2 | 10.3 | 9.4 | 11.5 | 12.9 | 13.8 | 132.7 |
| Source: NOAA ||||||||||||||

## Former commune

The former commune consisted of the villages:
* Asselborn
* Boxhorn
* Maulusmühle
* Rumlange
* Sassel
* Stockem
* Uschler
* Lentzweiler - partly shared with the former commune of Boevange
* Asselborn-Moulin (lieu-dit)
* Emeschbach-Asselborn (lieu-dit)
* Emeschbach-Stockem (lieu-dit)
* Bockmühle (lieu-dit)
* Cinqfontaines (lieu-dit)
* Asselborn-Route (lieu-dit)
* Stockem-Route (lieu-dit)
# Kombarov

Kombarov (Russian: Комба́ров) is a Russian surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Dmitri Kombarov (born 1987), Russian footballer
* Kirill Kombarov (born 1987), Russian footballer, brother of Dmitri
# Moravian Karst

The Moravian Karst (Czech: Moravský kras) is a karst landscape and protected landscape area to the north of Brno in the South Moravian Region of the Czech Republic. It encompasses a number of notable geological features, including roughly 1100 caverns and gorges and covers an area of roughly 92 km$^2$.
Currently, five of the cave systems (Punkva Caves (discovered by Karel Absolon), Balcarka Cave, Kateřinská Cave, Výpustek Cave and Sloupsko-šošůvské Caves+Kůlna Cave) are open for public tours; another - Amatérská Cave, Býčí skála Cave or Stránská skála (out of the border) only for science exploration.
This region is also home to one of the most important single geological features in the Czech Republic, the Macocha Abyss, a gorge 138 m deep, which was formed when the ceiling of a cave chamber collapsed. Macocha Abyss is also the place where the Punkva River begins to run underground through the Punkva cave system, and two small pools of water are visible at the surface.
The Moravian Karst is a popular tourist attraction in the local area, and large numbers of tourists visit in the summer months. In addition to caverns, the protected landscape area contains well-marked bicycle trails and hiking paths to explore.
# 1931 Salvadoran general election

General elections were held in El Salvador on 11 and 13 January 1931. Arturo Araujo won the presidential elections running on a Labor Party–National Republican Party ticket.

## Background

Previous elections had usually seen the incumbents choosing their successors, allowing the oligarchy perpetual control of the country's politics. However, on this occasion Pío Romero Bosque did not designate a successor resulting in a wide variety of candidates.
Whilst Arajuo obtained a plurality of the votes, he had failed to secure a majority. However, the newly elected Assembly consisted largely of Arajuo supporters, and when convenened on 12 February, allowed him to assume the presidency. However, Araujo, a landowner with progressive ideals, had the misfortune of taking office in the midst of massive labor and student strikes. Martial law was declared, and soon the military, upset about not having received its pay and supported by the oligarchy, which distrusted Araujo, easily overthrew his government after nine months.

## Results
### President

| Candidate | Candidate | Party | Votes | % |
| | Arturo Araujo | Salvadoran Laborist Party–National Republican Party | 106,777 | 46.65 |
| | Alberto Gómez Zárate | Zaratista Party | 64,280 | 28.09 |
| | Enrique Córdova | National Development Party | 34,499 | 15.07 |
| | Antonio Claramount Lucero | Progressive Fraternal Party | 18,399 | 8.04 |
| | Miguel Tomás Molina | Constitutional Party | 4,911 | 2.15 |
| Total | Total | Total | 228,866 | 100.00 |
| Registered voters/turnout | Registered voters/turnout | Registered voters/turnout | 392,383 | – |
| Source: Nohlen |||||
# Dingqing ren

Dingqing ren (Chinese: 定情人; 'A Lover's Promise'), also translated into English as A Love-Promise and The Worthy Lovers, is a Chinese romantic novel of the caizi jiaren genre from the mid-17th century. Its authorship is ascribed to Tianhuazang Zhuren (天花藏主人), a pseudonym for a writer. Ping Shan Leng Yan is another work of the same period that has been sometimes ascribed to the same writer.
The novel's title "Dingqing ren" has been interpreted to mean "the person who follows through on the pledge of love".
The earliest printed edition of the novel dates to the mid-17th century and is now held in the Dalian Library in Dalian, Liaoning, China. Copies of later editions (e.g. from the Qianlong era) can be found in the Peking University Library and the National Library of China.

## Plot

The story narrates the romantic journey of a young scholar named Shuang Xing and his devotion to Miss Jiang Ruizhu. In the story, the "test of chastity" is primarily focused on the male protagonist Shuang, as he endures numerous events in order to be reunited with Miss Jiang.

## Citations

* ↑ Huang, Martin W. (2006). Negotiating Masculinities in Late Imperial China. University of Hawaiʻi Press. p. 252. ISBN 9780824828967.
* ↑ "《定情人》". 《中国大百科全书》第三版网络版 (in Chinese).
* ↑ Nan Nü: Men, Women, and Gender in Early and Imperial China. Vol. 3 & 4. Brill. 2013 [1999]. p. 255.
* ↑ Chinese Literature, Essays, Articles, Reviews. Vol. 25. Coda Press. 2003. p. 62.
* 1 2 Huang, Martin W. (2020). Desire and Fictional Narrative in Late Imperial China. Brill. pp. 226–228.
* 1 2 杨, 琳 (2017). 清初小说与士人文化心态 (in Chinese). Social Sciences Literature Press. pp. 205–206.
# Tale of the Nisan Shaman

The Tale of the Nisan Shaman (also spelled "Nishan"; Manchu: ᠨᡳᡧᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠮᠠᠨ ᡳ ᠪᡳᡨᡥᡝ, Möllendorff: nišan saman-i bithe) is a Manchu folk tale about a female shaman who resurrects the son of a rich landowner.

## Versions

Variants of the tale are also found among the Evenks, Daurs, and Nanais. The tale was transmitted orally, and manuscripts were rare; Soviet ethnographer Alexander Grebenshchikov managed to purchase two during his early research trips to Northeast China in 1908 and 1909, the first near Qiqihar, and the second at Aigun. He had a third manuscript given to him in Vladivostok in 1913 by a man named Dekdenge. The Qiqihar manuscript shows some unusual features in its orthography; in particular, the verbal tense markers therein are written separately from their base verbs, whereas the standard practise in written Manchu is to write them attached to the base verb. A 1930s ethnographic survey by Johnson Ling of the Academia Sinica (Ling 1934) recorded eighteen different versions of the tale among Nanai tribes on the Songhua River. Volkova (1961), based on Grebenshchikov's manuscript, was the first Russian translation. In 1969, an English translation was made by George Meszoly, a Harvard University undergraduate; however, it was never published. Seong Baek-in (then of Myongji University) made a Korean translation five years later (Seong 1974). The first published English translation, Nowak & Durrant 1977, relied on the annotations in Volkova's and Seong's works but did not refer to Ling's study. A Hungarian translation came out in 1987.
# United Eagles FC

United Eagles Football Club (Arabic: نادي إتحاد النسور لكرة القدم) is a Saudi professional women's football club based in Khobar, Eastern Province, currently playing in the Saudi Women's First Division League.

## History

Founded in 2016, Impact Women's Football Club started with college girls and their teachers, facing challenges like limited training and sponsorship due to the state of women's sports. Yet, they participated in different tournaments and played friendly matches with Bahraini teams, becoming one of the kingdom's early teams.
The team joined the inaugural Women's community football league. and also competed in the first tournament organized by the Saudi Arabian Football Federation, the regional women's football championship.
United Eagles competed in the first division league's debut season, placed in the east group alongside Al-Mutahed, Al-Taraji, and Flaij. They secured a second-place finish, earning them a spot in the quarter-finals. However, they lost 1–2 to the eventual champions, Al-Riyadh, resulting in their elimination from the competition.
The club was slated to take part in the first SAFF Women's Cup, scheduled to face Al-Ittihad in the round of 16. However, the team later withdrew from the tournament due to unforeseen circumstances.
In the 2023–24 season, the club finished second in Group 2 with 6 wins out of 8 matches. This secured their spot in the finals and kept them safe from relegation. In the final rounds, the club faced two heavy defeats, losing 5–0 and 8–2, which dashed their hopes of promotion.

## Players
### Current squad

As of 24 March 2024
Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.
| No. | Pos. | Nation | Player |
| — | FW | BHR | Rawan Al-Ali |
| — | FW | BHR | Leleya Sabkar |
| — | MF | BHR | Amira Sowar |
| — | DF | BHR | Fatema Al-Nesuf |
| — | MF | KSA | Mashael |
| — | DF | ALG | Naïma Barkat |
| — | MF | KSA | Rand Al-Shayea |
| — | MF | MAR | Nawal Ez-Zine |
| No. | Pos. | Nation | Player |
| — | | KSA | Heesah Al-Thani |
| — | | KSA | Layan Al-Fathi |
| — | | KSA | Renad Khoge |
| — | | KSA | Shahad Al-Mishel |
| — | | KSA | Mezon Al-Ajmi |
| — | | KSA | Rana Al-Zahrani |
| — | | KSA | Mey Al-Jishi |
| — | GK | KSA | Shahaad Al-Khaldi |
# Krivoi Rog Air Base

Kryvyi Rih (during the USSR period was also called in Russian: Krivoy Rog) is a Ukrainian Air Force airbase located near Kryvyi Rih city in south-central Ukraine.
The base was home to the 16th Military-Transport Aviation Regiment of the Soviet Air Forces between 1964 and 1979 with the Antonov An-12. along with the 363rd Military-Transport Aviation Regiment between 1946 and 1992 with the Ilyushin Il-76MD.
In 2017, in view of the funding and position on increasing combat capabilities, the Air Force Command decided to restore the airfield. Now [in 2018] "Kryvyi Rih" is ready to receive all aircraft types that are in service.
On 19 September 2023, Russian sources claimed that a ZALA Lancet conducted a strike against a Ukrainian Air Force MiG-29 fighter stationed at Krivoi Rog, some 70 km from front line on the Dnieper River. The MiG was reportedly hit near the cockpit.
# Litodamus

Litodamus is a genus of spiders in the family Nicodamidae. It was first described in 1995 by Mark Harvey. As of 2024, it contains 3 species, all from Tasmania.
# Põhja-Pärnumaa Parish

Põhja-Pärnumaa Parish (Estonian: Põhja-Pärnumaa vald) is a rural municipality in Pärnu County.

## Settlements

Beside the boroughs of Pärnu-Jaagupi, Tootsi and Vändra, there are 86 villages: Aasa, Allikõnnu, Altküla, Aluste, Anelema, Arase, Eametsa, Eense , Eerma, Enge, Ertsma , Halinga, Helenurme, Kaansoo, Kablima , Kadjaste, Kaelase, Kaisma, Kalmaru, Kangru , Kergu, Kirikumõisa , Kobra , Kodesmaa, Kõnnu , Kose , Kullimaa , Kuninga , Kurgja, Langerma , Leetva, Lehtmetsa , Lehu, Libatse, Loomse, Luuri, Lüüste, Mädara, Mäeküla, Maima, Massu, Metsavere, Metsaküla , Mõisaküla, Mustaru, Naartse, Oese, Oriküla, Pallika , Pärnjõe, Pereküla, Pitsalu, Pööravere , Rae, Rahkama, Rahnoja , Rätsepa, Reinumurru, Roodi , Rõusa, Rukkiküla, Säästla, Salu , Samliku, Sepaküla , Sikana, Sohlu, Sõõrike, Soosalu , Suurejõe, Tagassaare, Tarva, Tõrdu, Tühjasma, Ünnaste, Vahenurme, Vakalepa, Vaki , Valistre, Vee, Venekuusiku, Veskisoo, Vihtra , Viluvere, Võidula and Võiera.

## Religion

Religion in Põhja-Pärnumaa Parish (2021)
# Dawala Pawura

Dawala Pawura (Sinhala: ධවල පවුර; lit. 'The white wall') is a 2011 Sri Lankan Sinhala adult drama film directed by Luxman Arachchige and co-produced by Luxman Arachchige himself with Sunil Saliya Ranaweera for Laksara Films. It stars Luxman Arachchige and Chamila Nishanthi in lead roles along with Hyasinth Wijeratne and Sandun Wijesiri. Music composed by Asokaa Peiris. It is the 1151st Sri Lankan film in the Sinhala cinema.

## Cast

* Chamila Nishanthi as Maduwanthi
* Luxman Arachchige as Udara
* Sunil Saliya Ranaweera
* Clarice De Silva as Silvia
* Sandun Wijesiri as Dunuwila
* Hyasinth Wijeratne as Sandalatha
* Shelton Payagala as Professor
* Thilakarathna Liyanage as Wilfred
* Sunil Liyanarachchi as Sirisoma
* Achala Lakmali as Kaushalya
* Sunil Saliya Ranaweera as Malan
* Rohitha Mannage as Rathnayake
* Palitha Nanayakkara as Wickie
* Vije Hettiarachchi as Rangalla
* Kumara Ranepura as Kumara
# Sary-Bulung

Sary-Bulung (Kyrgyz: Сары-Булуң) is a village in Naryn Region, Kyrgyzstan. It is part of the Jumgal District. Its population was 298 in 2021.
# Novodamus

Novodamus is a genus of Australian cribellate spiders first described by Mark Stephen Harvey in 1995. As of November 2024 it contains only two species.
# Tour de Gwent

The Tour de Gwent (Welsh: Taith o Went) is an annual 6-route cycling event which begins in Caerleon, and follows a route through Newport and Monmouthshire . The event takes place in April each year.
The event was established in 2015, organised by the charity St Davids Hospice Care. The title sponsor is Newport construction firm Whitehead.

## Background

The Tour de Gwent typically takes place around 14 April. The route options include distances of 93 miles, 78 miles, 52 miles, 30 miles, 20 miles, or 3 miles. The event for 2019 is starting at and supported by Caerleon Comprehensive School.
The course is scenic, with routes of varying distance between 93 miles (full) and 3 miles (kids) to accommodate riders of various ability levels. The 93 mile route starts at the Roman fortress site of Isca Augusta, now Caerleon, which dates back to AD 74. It passes the UK's best preserved amphitheatre, the baths (thermae) at Caerleon Roman Baths Museum, and the National Roman Legion Museum.

## The Race

The Tour heads from Caerleon towards Llandegfedd Reservoir, the town of Usk, Abergavenny, Monmouth, the Wye Valley including Tintern, into Llantrisant, and then returning to Caerleon for the finish line. The full 93 mile route starts at 7.30am and covers 7,352 ft of climbs, including the famous climb at Lydart.
Local Newport brewery Tiny Rebel sponsor the event each year with a mobile bar and a free drink to all participants. Other businesses offer food and drinks at the finish village. Local music acts perform at a bandstand.
Riders in recent editions have come from the wider region due to the cancellation of the Velothon Wales event after its 2018 season. Larger cycling teams, including UCY Cycling Club of Ystrad Mynach, are competing in 2019.
# National Indigenous Music Awards 2011

The National Indigenous Music Awards 2011 were the 8th annual National Indigenous Music Awards; However (and despite its name), 2011 was the first time the event went national after its first seven years had purely focused on the Northern Territory artists.
The nominations were announced on 10 August 2011 and awards ceremony was held on 20 August 2011.

## Hall of Fame Inductee

* Coloured Stone & No Fixed Address
Coloured Stone is a band that formed in 1977 from the Koonibba Mission, South Australia. They won the ARIA Award for Best Indigenous Release at the ARIA Music Awards of 1987.
No Fixed Address is an Australian Aboriginal reggae rock group formed in 1979. They released Wrong Side of the Road in 1981 and From My Eyes in 1982, both peaked with the Australian top 100.

## Awards

Act of the Year
| Artist | Result |
| Jessica Mauboy | Nominated |
| Dan Sultan | Nominated |
| Geoffrey Gurrumul Yunupingu | Won |
New Talent of the Year
| Artist | Result |
| Rrawun Maymuru | Won |
Album of the Year
| Artist and album | Result |
| Leah Flanagan - Nirvana Nights | Nominated |
| Saltwater Band - Mark | Nominated |
| Geoffrey Gurrumul Yunupingu - Rrakala | Won |
| Jessica Mauboy - Get 'Em Girls | Nominated |
| Frank Yamma - Country Man | Nominated |
DVD/Film Clip of the Year
| Artist and song | Result |
| Gurrumul Geoffrey Yunupingu & Blue King Brown – "History" | Won |
Song of the Year
| Artist and song | Result |
| Stiff Gins – "Diamonds on the Water" | Nominated |
| Leah Flanagan – "September Song" | Nominated |
| The Medics – "Beggars" | Nominated |
| Frank Yamma – "Calling Your Name" | Nominated |
| Gurrumul Geoffrey Yunupingu– "Gathu Mawala" | Won |
| Gurrumul Geoffrey Yunupingu – "Mala Rrakala" | Nominated |
Artwork of the Year
| Artist and album | Result |
| Gurrumul Geoffrey Yunupingu - Rrakala | Won |
Traditional Music Award
| Artist and song | Result |
| Yilpara, Madarrpa clan – "Djambawa Marawili" | Won |
| Gurrumuru, Dhalwangu clan – "Yumutjin Wunungmurra" | Won |
| Dhalinybuy, Wangurri clan – "Mathulu Munyarryun" | Won |
# Barok language

Barok is an Austronesian language spoken in New Ireland, Papua New Guinea.
# Hiroyuki Inagaki

Hiroyuki Inagaki (稲垣 博行, Inagaki Hiroyuki, born April 24, 1970) is a former Japanese football player.

## Playing career

Inagaki was born in Shizuoka Prefecture on April 24, 1970. After graduating from Hosei University, he joined Japan Football League club Yanmar Diesel (later Cerezo Osaka) in 1993. He played many matches as center back. The club won the champions in 1994 and was promoted to J1 League. However his opportunity to play decreased from 1996. In 1999, he moved to Japan Football League club Yokohama FC. The club won the champions for 2 years in a row (1999-2000). Although the club was promoted to J2 League from 2001, he retired end of 2000 season.

## Club statistics

| Club performance | Club performance | Club performance | League | League | Cup | Cup | League Cup | League Cup | Total | Total |
| Season | Club | League | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Japan | Japan | Japan | League | League | Emperor's Cup | Emperor's Cup | J.League Cup | J.League Cup | Total | Total |
| 1993 | Yanmar Diesel | Football League | | | | | | | | |
| 1994 | Cerezo Osaka | Football League | | | | | | | | |
| 1995 | Cerezo Osaka | J1 League | 28 | 1 | 1 | 0 | - | - | 29 | 1 |
| 1996 | Cerezo Osaka | J1 League | 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 13 | 0 |
| 1997 | Cerezo Osaka | J1 League | 0 | 0 | | | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 1998 | Cerezo Osaka | J1 League | 12 | 0 | | | 4 | 0 | 16 | 0 |
| 1999 | Yokohama FC | Football League | 13 | 0 | 0 | 0 | - | - | 13 | 0 |
| 2000 | Yokohama FC | Football League | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | - | - | 4 | 0 |
| Total | Total | Total | 64 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 10 | 0 | 75 | 1 |
# Mohammed Sannie

Mohammed Sannie (born 27 June 1986) is a Ghanaian football goalkeeper currently playing at Asante Kotoko.

## Career

Sannie began his career 2004 in the OneTouch Premier League with Hearts of Oak and replaces Sammy Adjei.
On 22 November 2008 leave Hearts of Oak and moved to Asante Kotoko.

## International

Sannie played his one and only game for the Black Stars in 2005 at CAF Confederations Cup.

## Honours

* 2004: CAF Confederations Cup
* 2007: Promising Player of the Year award.
# San Jacinto Heights, Amarillo, Texas

San Jacinto Heights is a neighborhood of Amarillo, Texas.

## History

San Jacinto Heights was established in 1909 by the Amarillo Improvement Company. In 1910, a trolley service was established between San Jacinto and downtown, operating until 1926. The neighborhood also had a newspaper, The Booster, established in 1925.
The neighborhood intersects with U.S, Route 66, and houses the U.S. Route 66-Sixth Street Historic District, which includes the Amarillo Natatorium inside San Jacinto.
# Ludasht

Ludasht (Persian: لودشت, also Romanized as Lūdasht) is a village in Lafur Rural District, North Savadkuh County, Mazandaran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 61, in 17 families.
# Rolv Yttrehus

Rolv Berger Yttrehus (born Duluth, Minnesota, March 12, 1926 – February 4, 2018) was an American composer of contemporary classical music.
He held degrees from the University of Minnesota and University of Michigan and a Diploma from the Accademia di Santa Cecilia in Rome. He studied harmony with Nadia Boulanger and composition with Ross Lee Finney, Roger Sessions, Aaron Copland, and Goffredo Petrassi. He taught at the University of Missouri, Purdue University, University of Wisconsin, Oshkosh, and Rutgers University.
He regarded Arnold Schoenberg and Sessions as his principal influences.
He died in 2018.

## List of works

* Six Pieces for Piano Solo (1942–45)
* Six Haiku (1960) pub. American Composers Alliance
* Music for Winds, Percussion, and Viola (1961) pub. American Composers Alliance
* Espressioni per Orchestra (1962) pub. American Composers Alliance
* Sextet (1964–70, revised 1974) pub. C. F. Peters Corporation
* Music for Winds, Percussion, 'Cello and Voices (1969) pub. Association for the Promotion of New Music (APNM)
* Angstwagen (1971) pub. American Composers Alliance
* Quintet (1973) pub. Boelke-Bomart/Mobart Music
* Gradus ad Parnassum (1974–79) pub. American Composers Alliance
* Sonata for Percussion and Piano (1982) pub. C. F. Peters Corporation
* Explorations for Piano Solo (1985) pub. APNM
* Sonata for 'Cello and Piano (1988, revised 1989) pub. C. F. Peters Corporation
* Raritan Variations (1989) pub. APNM
* Symphony No. 1 (1998) pub. APNM
* Plectrum Spectrum (2000) pub. APNM
* Sextet II (2006) pub. APNM
* Laudate Milton Babbitt (2006) pub. APNM