OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Pauline Grosjean

Pauline Anne Mathilde Grosjean is a French economist and historian of economics focusing on political economy, the effects of cultural factors including gender norms on economic development, and the economic factors behind ongoing gender inequality. She works in Australia as a professor of economics at the University of New South Wales.

## Education and career

Grosjean earned a bachelor's degree in economics in 1998 from Paris Nanterre University, master's degrees (M.A.) in economics and finance in 2001 from the École normale supérieure Paris-Saclay, an agrégation in 2001, an M.Phil. in 2003 from the Toulouse School of Economics, and a Ph.D. in 2006 from the Toulouse School of Economics, supervised by Paul Seabright.
After working for a year at the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development in London, and two more years as a post-doctoral researcher at the University of California Berkeley, she became an assistant professor of economics at the University of San Francisco in 2009. She moved to the University of New South Wales in Australia in 2011, as a senior lecturer. She became an associate professor in 2015 and full professor in 2018.

## Book

Grosjean is the author of Patriarcapitalisme: En finir avec les inégalités femmes/hommes dans l'économie (Le Seuil, 2021).

## Recognition

Grosjean was named as a Fellow of the Academy of the Social Sciences in Australia in 2020, and a Fellow of the Econometric Society in 2022.
# Buffered oxide etch

Buffered oxide etch (BOE), also known as buffered HF or BHF, is a wet etchant used in microfabrication. It is a mixture of a buffering agent, such as ammonium fluoride NH$_4$F, and hydrofluoric acid (HF). Its primary use is in etching thin films of silicon nitride (Si$_3$N$_4$) or silicon dioxide (SiO$_2$), by the reaction:
SiO$_2$ + 4HF + 2NH$_4$F → (NH$_4$)$_2$SiF$_6$ + 2H$_2$O
Concentrated HF (typically 49% HF in water) etches silicon dioxide too quickly for good process control and also peels photoresist used in photolithographic patterning. Buffered oxide etch is commonly used for more controllable etching. Buffering HF with NH$_4$F results in a solution with a more stable pH; thus, more stable concentrations of HF and HF−2, and a more stable etch rate.
Some oxides produce insoluble products in HF solutions. Thus, HCl may be added to BHF solutions in order to dissolve these insoluble products and produce a higher quality etch.

## Production

Buffered oxide etch can be produced in laboratory quantities by dissolving NH$_4$F powder into water, and adding a solution of HF.

## Uses

A buffered oxide etch solution of 6:1 volume ratio of 40% NH$_4$F to 49% HF will etch thermally grown oxide at approximately 2 nanometres per second at 25 degrees Celsius. Temperature can be increased to raise the etching rate. Continuous stirring of the solution during the etching process helps to have a more homogeneous solution, which may etch more uniformly by removing etched material from the surface.
Buffered oxide etch can be used in the metallographic etching of titanium alloys. Newer Ti-alloys (such as Ti-Cu and Ti-Mo) are not etched as reliably by typical Ti-etching reagents, but can be etched by BOE and ammonium bifluoride.
HF solution buffered with NH$_4$F can be used to provide better etching of zeolite for the creation of larger pores, to improve the characteristically poor rate of diffusion in these microporous structures. Simple HF solutions (and other acidic methods of etching) show high selectivity in removing aluminum from zeolites, reducing the number of potential Brønsted acid sites, and subsequently reducing certain catalytic performance. However, the addition of a NH$_4$F buffer results in a solution with more HF and HF−2 present, which removes Al and Si in more equal proportion.
# Saïra Issambet

Saïra Issambet (born 20 January 1998) is a Congolese professional footballer who plays as a defensive midfielder.
# Cheshmeh Nezar

Cheshmeh Nezar or Cheshmeh-ye Nazar (Persian: چشمه نظار) may refer to:
* Cheshmeh Nezar-e Olya
* Cheshmeh Nezar-e Sofla
# Yury Denisov

Yury Denisov (Russian: Юрий Александрович Денисов, also spelt as Yuri Denisov) is a Russian wrestler born in 1988.

## Major events

| Year | Event | Result |
| 2013 | World Combat Games | Gold |
| 2015 | European Games – Men's Greco-Roman 71 kg | Did not advance |
| 2015 | Russian National Greco-Roman Wrestling Championships | Gold |
# Reggie Barrett

Aaron Reginald Barrett (born August 14, 1969) is an American former professional football player who was a wide receiver in the National Football League who played for the Detroit Lions. The Lions drafted him in the third round of the 1991 NFL Draft. He played college football for the UTEP Miners.
# Visayan Academy of Arts and Letters

The Visayan Academy of Arts and Letters (Cebuano: Akademyang Bisaya) is a Philippine language regulator whose aims are to preserve and to develop the Cebuano language. In this regard, the Commission on the Filipino Language shares the same mission.
# Tikhvin Ferroalloy Plant

Tikhvin Ferroalloy Plant (Russian: ЗАО "Тихвинский ферросплавный завод" - ТФЗ) is a company based in Tikhvin, Russia.

## History

In 1994, a company was established to construct a $110 million manufacturing plant capable of producing 140,000 tonnes of ferrochromium and 150,000 tonnes of crushed residue per year. A 1997 referendum in Tikhvin opposed the establishment of the plant, but after acquiring the unfinished project in 2001, ICT Group announced its intention to complete its construction. The opening of the plant remains contentious. It is seen as an example of government collusion with big business.
The Tikhvin Ferroalloy Plant finally began production in 2007. A low world demand for ferrochromium delayed the factory's ramp-up to full production, with two furnaces started in 2007 and another two in 2008. The company began production from concentrated chrome ore from the Mechel-held Voskhod chrome processing plant (ГОКа "Восход-Хром") in Kazakhstan in early 2009. The plant's four furnaces have a maximum power of 22.5 MW. In 2009 production was 53,900t (chromium equivalent) with a typical chromium content of 69-70% in the ferroalloys. In 2010, it employed 720 people.
In April 2008, the plant's owner, Oriel Resources, was acquired by Mechel. In 2013, Mechel sold its ferroalloy holdings, including the Tikhvin plant, to Yildirim (Turkey).
# DXGS

DXGS (765 AM) Radyo Pilipino is a radio station owned and operated by Radyo Pilipino Corporation through its licensee Radio Audience Developers Integrated Organization (RADIO), Inc. The station's studio is located in Brgy. Lagao, General Santos.
Established in 1965, DXGS is the pioneer station in the city. It was formerly owned by Filipinas Broadcasting Network until 1983, when it was among the stations sold to RadioCorp.
# Ksenia Novikova

Ksenia Andreyevna Novikova (Russian: Ксе́ния Андре́евна Но́викова; born May 17, 1980) is a Russian singer. She is the soloist of the female pop group Blestyashchiye.

## Biography

Ksenia Andreyevna Novikova was born in Moscow. At the age of five she became a soloist of the Loktev's Choir.

## Musical career

In August 1999, Ksenia was invited to the group Blestyashchiye in place of the departed Polina Iodis. Before the official participation in the group Ksenia was her back-vocalist. During the entire period of Ksenia's participation, the group recorded four studio albums and one compilation. Composition Olga Orlova, Zhanna Friske, Ksenia Novikova and Irina Lukyanova is still considered the golden composition of the group. In 2006 she appeared on the covers of the magazines Maxim and XXL.
In the middle of 2007 Ksenia left Blestyashchiye, in which she stayed the longest soloist (eight years). In June 2011, four years after leaving, Novikova returned to the group. Since 2012, Ksenia is engaged in solo work. Since 2014 she has been teaching at Moscow University for the Humanities. In May 2018, she returned to the group for the third time.
# St. Nicholas' Church, Tsimlyansk

Saint Nicholas Church (Russian: Свято-Никольский храм) is an Orthodox church in the town of Tsimlyansk, Rostov Oblast, Russia. It is the church for the parish of Nicholas in Volgodonsk Diocese of the Russian Orthodox Church.

## History

In 1715, a wooden church dedicated to Saint Nicholas was built in Tsimlyansk village. It was rebuilt in 1763. In 1839, on the site of the old church, a stone three-altar church was constructed, also dedicated to Saint Nicholas. After the flooding of Tsimlyansk Reservoir and the relocation of people from Tsimlyanskaya village to the modern town of Tsimlyansk, the church building was blown up.
In 1992, the religious community was granted a plot of land of 0.4 hectares in city center, at the intersection of Moskovskaya, Krupskaya and Mayakovskaya streets. In 1994, a memorial cross was erected on the site of the future church. On July 19, 1995, Metropolitan of Rostov and Novocherkassk, Vladimir (Kotlyarov), blessed the groundbreaking for St. Nicholas Church. Construction work began in earnest in 1996. By the beginning of 2000, the vaults of the structure had been erected, and construction of the roof began in September of the same year. The consecration of the church took place on 19 December 2000, the feast day of St. Nicholas.
In 2001–2005 on the territory of the parish were built clergy houses, also occupied by a Sunday school, and a water chapel dedicated to the members of Emperor Nicholas' family, who were canonized as passion bearers by the Moscow Patriarchate.
# TV Kumanovo

TV Kumanovo (Macedonian: ТВ Куманово) was a local terrestrial analog television channel in Kumanovo, North Macedonia.
# Domsiah

Domsiah (Persian: دم سیاه; also spelled domesiah) is an Iranian variety of rice. It is a long-grain rice, with a black spot on one end, which gives it the name, which is Persian meaning "black end". It is cultivated mainly in the Gilan province of Iran.
Researchers and scientists have not succeeded in bringing forth varieties which are resistant to fungi and stem borer and still have the aroma of Domsiah and the other related local aromatic rice varieties, of which the most popular besides Domsiah are Tarom Hashemi, Binam, Hasani, Salari, Ambarboo and Sang Tarom and Hasan Sarai. More than 80% of the rice area in Iran are under these varieties.

## Diseases and shortcomings

Domsiah and the other rice varieties have droopy leaves and a weak culm and are therefore prone to loding (falling down on the ground). They are susceptible to blast (fungi) and stem borer (insects).
# Labour Court (Iceland)

The Labour Court (Icelandic: Félagsdómur) is a special lower court in Iceland established in 1938 to handle industrial disputes between trade unions and employer associations.
# Tokyo Tribes

Tokyo Tribes, known in Japanese as Tokyo Tribe-2 (トウキョウ トライブ トゥー, Tōkyō Toraibu Tū), is a Japanese seinen manga series written and illustrated by Santa Inoue. A previous series titled Tokyo Tribe (トウキョウ トライブ, Tōkyō Toraibu) was published into a single-volume in 1993. Tokyo Tribes was originally serialized from 1997 to 2005 in the urban fashion magazine boon. It is a continuation of the plot in Tokyo Tribe, although many of the characters from that story do not appear in this series. A live-action film adaptation directed by Sion Sono was released in Japan on August 30, 2014.

## Plot

Five years after the Shibuya riots, the Tribes of Tokyo have been enjoying a period of relative peace, until Kim and two other members of the Musashino Saru intrude on the territory of the Wu-Ronz in Bukuro. Mera, the leader of Wu-Ronz kills the three Saru, under the assumption that they were members of the Shibuya Saru.
Two days later, after searching for who killed his friends, Musashino Saru member Kai runs into Mera. Old friends in their high school days, the two get into a confrontation that ends up leaving Tera, the leader of Musashino Saru, dead and setting the stage for violence between the Tribes.

## Characters
### Kai Deguchi (出口 海, Deguchi Kai)

    Voiced by: Daisuke Namikawa (Japanese); Emmanuel Garijo (French)
    A DJ and a member of Musashino Saru.

### Big Daddy (ビッグ・仏波, Biggu Buppa)

    Voiced by: Daisuke Gōri (Japanese); Benoît Allemane (French)
    The leader of the Buppa clan and the main antagonist of the series, Buppa is shown as a big, morbidly obese, bisexual Yakuza crime lord with a lecherous, sadistic personality.

### Manga-only Characters

* Nagisa – The main protagonist and a member of the Shivuya (an alteration of "Shibuya") Saru gang.
* Megane (Specs) – Nagisa's friend and a member of Shivuya Saru.
* Totoro – Nagisa's friend and a member of Shivuya Saru.
* Otogiri – Shivuya Saru member who lives in Shivuya Mansion. The Saru are often seen at his apartment.
* Fujio – Nagisa's girlfriend.
* Iwao – The leader of Saru's rival gang, the Shinjuku (written in katakana differently than the actual place) Hands.
* Yama-Chan – Shivuya Saru member who is attacked by the Hands in Shinjuku.

## Media
### Anime

* Opening Theme: Top of Tokyo, by Illmatic Buddha MC's
* Ending Theme: TT2 Owari no Uta, by Scha Dara Parr
The show was originally planned as a movie which would have been distributed by MTV.

### Film

A live action film adaptation directed by Sion Sono was released in Japan on August 30, 2014.

## Legacy

The series has gained notoriety for a scene in which a man is anally raped to death, which has come to be known as "Goosh Goosh" and is used as a shock video.
# Abraham (album)

Ebrahim (Persian: ابراهیم) is the ninth official studio album by Iranian singer Mohsen Chavoshi. Chavoshi released To Dar Masafate Barani... and Ma Bozorgo Naadanim... online and without proper permissions from Ministry of Culture and Islamic Guidance but soon they got removed from Chavoshi's official Telegram channel and Beeptunes. The songs are available on the VIP edition of the album which includes Mohsen Chavoshi's autograph on its back cover and Hossein Safaa's poetry book, titled Catapult (Persian: منجنیق), with his autograph on the first page.

## Personnel

Musicians
* Mohsen Chavoshi - vocals, keyboard
* Adel Rouhnavaz - electric guitar
* Tohid Noori - piano
* Meisam Marvasti - violin, setar
Production
* Hadi Hosseini - producer
* Mohsen Chavoshi - arrangement (except those noted)
* Shahaab Akbari - arrangement (In the Distance of the Rain and Corrupt World...)
* Farshaad Hesami - arrangement (Please Tell... and Hey Month of Mehr)
* Mehdi Moezi - administration manager
* Abolfazl Afshari - coordination manager
* Mohsen Asgari - graphic designer
# Colesdale Park

Colesdale Park is a hamlet in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan. It is in the Rural Municipality of McKillop No. 220.

## Demographics

In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Colesdale Park had a population of 25 living in 14 of its 55 total private dwellings, a change of 25% from its 2016 population of 20. With a land area of 0.09 km$^2$ (0.035 sq mi), it had a population density of 277.8/km$^2$ (719.4/sq mi) in 2021.
# Ri Chol-bong

Ri Chol-bong (Korean: 리철봉, died December 25, 2009) was a North Korean politician who served in various party and state posts, among them as Minister of Social Security.

## Biography

He entered the Mangyongdae Revolutionary School after liberation of Korea. In 1950, when the Korean War broke out, he enlisted in the military and remained in the military afterwards, reaching the rank of major general in 1970. In November 1970, he was elected as a candidate member of the Central Committee at the 5th Party Congress. Since the 80s, he served as vice department director of the WPK Central Committee, minister of City Administration and director of the Political Bureau of the Ministry of Railways. In 1984-1985 he served as Minister of Social Security. In the 1998 North Korean parliamentary election, he won a seat in the Supreme People's Assembly serving as a member the presidium of the 10th Supreme People's Assembly. In October 2006 he was appointed as secretary of the Kangwon Province WPK committee. According to KCNA he died in a car accident.
# Supreme Audit Office (Czech Republic)

The Supreme Audit Office of the Czech Republic (Czech: Nejvyšší kontrolní úřad, NKÚ) – alternately known in English as the Supreme Control Office of the Czech Republic – is a "unique, independent constitutional entity to supervise the management of the state property and the state budget."
It was a part of the original form of the Constitution of the Czech Republic, created by Article 97 of that document on 1 January 1993. However, because the constitution left all of the details of the operation of the office up to future legislation, it was not until Act 166/1993 came into effect on 1 July 1993 that the office could in practice be formed.

## English name

The presence of two English names for the office is the result of varying translations of its name in the Constitution and its authorizing legislation. In the official translation of the Constitution, the name follows the Czech literally. Hence, it confers the name, "Supreme Control Office", indicating that the office performed the duties of a controller. In the official translation of Act 166/1993, however, a more precise English word is used, resulting in "Supreme Audit Office", conveying the sense that the principal duties of the office are those of an external auditor. It is this latter translation which has perhaps gained dominance, given its singular use on the agency's official website.
Some generally similar positions in governments worldwide include:
* Auditor General of Pakistan
* Comptroller General of the United States
* Supreme Chamber of Control of the Republic of Poland
* State Auditor of Mississippi
* Japanese Board of Audit
* Comptroller and Auditor General
* State Comptroller of Israel
# Gaurishankar Bhattacharyya

Gaurishankar Bhattacharyya (10 December 1915 - 23 June 2002 - ?) was an Assamese freedom fighter, social activist, litterateur and politician, who served as the Leader of Opposition in the Assam Legislative Assembly.

## Early life and education

Bhattacharya was born in Samarkuchi village of Nalbari district to Souridutta Bhattacharyya, a Sanskrit Pandit. He did his undergraduate from Cotton College, and earned a M. A. in history from Presidency College, Kolkata.

## Political career

Bhattacharya was active in politics since his student days; in 1939, he was elected as the president of the All Assam Students Federation.
In 1952, Bhattacharya won election to the Assam Legislative Assembly from the Guwahati constituency for the Communist Party of India (CPI) defeating Rajabala Das of the Indian National Congress (INC). He was the only legislator from CPI in the House. In 1957, he defended the seat, defeating Lakshmidhar Borah of the INC. However, five years later in 1962, Bhattacharya suffered defeat at the hands of Debendra Nath Sharma, the INC candidate. Months afterward, during the Sino-Indian War, Bhattacharya was subject to preventive detention by the Congress government for his activism; he would leave CPI, shortly.
In the 1967 elections, Bhattacharya stood as an independent candidate from the newly delimited Borbhag constituency and eked out a comfortable win over Pabindra Nath Sarma of the INC. Two years later, Bhattacharya collaborated with Renuka Devi Barkataki, a Congress renegade, to launch the Peoples Democratic Party of Assam (PDPA); it would be the first regional party to contest the assembly elections. Five years later, Bhattacharya stood as an independent candidate from Borbhag again, and won against Sarma. Bhattacharya became the leader of the Opposition in the Assam Legislative Assembly. The Peoples democratic Party (PDPA) later merged with Janata Party in 1977.

## Literature

Bhattacharya moved away from politics in his later life, devoting time to literature; in 1999, he was conferred with the national Sahitya Academy Award (Anubad Suchi Samman) by the Sahitya Akademi for translating B.R. Aggarwalla's Trials of Independence into Assamese.

## Personal life

Bhattacharya married Tarulata Bhattacharya; they had three sons — Dibya Shankar Bhattacharya who is a senior Indian Army officer, Dhruba Shankar Bhattacharya (now deceased) and Siddhartha Bhattacharya —, and a daughter — Suprabha Bhattacharya. Siddhartha Bhattacharya is a legislator from the Bharatiya Janata Party; Suprabha Bhattacharya's only son is Arnab Goswami, an Indian right-wing news anchor and editor-in-Chief of Republic TV.
# Tony Arnold (soprano)

Tony Arnold is an American soprano vocalist, specializing in contemporary chamber music. She was the 2015 winner of the Brandeis University Creative Arts Award.
# Jahanabad, Salehabad

Jahanabad (Persian: جهان اباد, also Romanized as Jahānābād; also known as Jahānābād-e ‘Alī Ashraf) is a village in Salehabad Rural District, Salehabad County, Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 51, in 15 families.
# Sparks, Bell County, Texas

Sparks is an unincorporated community in Bell County, in the U.S. state of Texas. According to the Handbook of Texas, the community had a population of 30 in 2000. It is located within the Killeen-Temple-Fort Hood metropolitan area.

## History

Established near a railway station in the late nineteenth century, Sparks was likely named after a local family. From 1897 to 1906, it had a post office, and as of 1964 it had a church near the railway station.
Historical population of Sparks, Bell County, Texas (Source:) :
| Year | 1933 | 1964 | 2000 |
| Population | 61 | 30 | 30 |

## Geography

Sparks is located on Farm to Market Road 95 and the Missouri-Kansas-Texas Railroad, 11 mi (18 km) southeast of Belton in southeastern Bell County.

## Education

In 1903, Sparks had a school with one teacher and 52 students. Today, the community is served by the Academy Independent School District.
# History (venue)

History is a music venue in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It is located at 1663 Queen Street East. The venue hosts various events such as concerts, live entertainment, galas and community programs and events.

## Background

The building was previously known as Greenwood Teletheatre and was used for off-track betting.
The venue was announced in June 2021 when both American company Live Nation Entertainment and Canadian musician Drake collaborated to open the venue later in the year. It has a capacity of 2,500 people and is expected to play up to 200 events per year, featuring general admission and seating options.
The venue was set to open in October 2021, but was postponed to November 7, 2021, when the venue officially opened to the public. The inaugural concert on its opening day was performed by Bleachers.