OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Sacred Defense cinema

Holy Defense cinema (Persian: سینمای دفاع مقدس, romanized: Sīnimā-yi Difā'-i Muqaddas) refers to a genre of Iranian films that deals with various aspects of the Iran-Iraq war of 1980–1988. Although little noticed in the West, the genre has produced more than 200 movies, including some critical and commercial hits. Some of Iran's most noted directors have engaged with the genre, among them Ebrahim Hatamikia, Mohsen Makhmalbaf, Majid Majidi and Kamal Tabrizi. Hatamikia is one of the most prolific and successful proponents of the genre.
In 2007, Iranian war cinema retrospectives were curated by Pedram Khosronejad and held in New York and at the Barbican Centre in London. The first comprehensive academic study in the West was published in 2012: Iranian Holy Defence Cinema: Religion, Martyrdom and National Identity by Khosronejad.

## Notable directors

* Ebrahim Hatamikia
* Mohammad Bozorgnia
* Rasoul Mollagholipour
* Shahriar Bahrani
* Ahmad Reza Darvish
* Mohsen Makhmalbaf
* Abolqasem Talebi
* Kamal Tabrizi

## Notable films

* The 5th Kilometer, 1980
* Jan-bazan, 1981
* A Military Base in Hell, 1982
* Hesar, 1983
* Rahaei, 1983
* Two Blind Eyes, 1983
* A Boat to the Beach, 1984
* Land of Lovers, 1984
* Eagles, 1984
* The First Bell, 1984
* We Are Standing, 1984
* The Flag Bearer, 1985
* Passage, 1986
* Identity, 1987
* Man and Weapon, 1988
* Horizon, 1989
* Transition, 1989
* Snake Fang, 1989
* The Scout, 1989
* Bashu, the Little Stranger, 1990
* The Immigrant, 1990
* The Glass Eye, 1991
* The Sergeant, 1991
* Union of the Good, 1992
* The Abadanis, 1993
* From Karkheh to Rhein, 1993
* Journey to Chazabeh, 1996
# Sangobeg

Sangobeg (Scottish Gaelic: Saingea Beag) is a remote coastal crofting township which overlooks Sangobeg Sands in Sutherland, Scottish Highlands in the Scottish council area of Highland. A legacy of the clearances, this small township sits near the township of Leirinmore on the edge of Durness around 1 mile (1.6 km) northwest along the A838 road.
# Laneuville-à-Rémy

Laneuville-à-Rémy (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Haute-Marne department in north-eastern France. Between 1972 and 2012 it was part of the commune Robert-Magny-Laneuville-à-Rémy.
# Nandnama

Nandnama or Nand Nama is one of the largest villages in the Ramgarh Chowk Block of the Lakhisarai district in the Indian state of Bihar. It is 14 km south of the administrative district headquarters in Lakhisarai and 134 km from the state capital, Patna. It currently has a population of 15,000 and is connected to nearby areas by road and railway. It includes several schools, colleges and other educational institutions.
Nandnama 's nearest village
Ramgarh Chowk (6 KM), Tetarhat (8 KM), Beldariya (10 KM), Kaindi (12 KM), Jhulauna Chowk (9 KM)

## Economy

Agriculture is the main occupation, with a majority of the population engaged in cultivating crops such as rice, wheat, onions and mangoes.

## Festivals

People living in Nand Nama celebrate various religious and social events. Some of them are among the non-religious festivals that celebrate regional culture. Many local festivals celebrate the locals' lifestyle, such as those related to the change of seasons and the harvest. The most prominent fairs and festivals include the Chhath Fasting, Durga Puja, Makar Sankranti, Nag Panchami, Holi, Eid and Muharram.

## Transport

* Kiul Junction
* Lakhisarai Junction
* National Highway 80
* Lok Nayak Jayaprakash Airport, Patna, around 125 km
# The Mysterious Castle in the Carpathians

The Mysterious Castle in the Carpathians (Czech: Tajemství hradu v Karpatech) is a 1981 Czech comedy film directed by Oldřich Lipský. It is based on Jules Verne's novel The Carpathian Castle.

## Production

The film marks Lipský's third and final collaboration with screenwriter Jiří Brdečka. Props were created by artist Jan Švankmajer.

## Cast

* Michal Dočolomanský as Count Teleke z Tölökö
* Jan Hartl as Vilja Dézi
* Miloš Kopecký as Baron Robert Gorc of Gorcena
* Rudolf Hrušínský as Professor Orfanik
* Vlastimil Brodský as Butler Ignác
* Jaroslava Kretschmerová as Myriota
* Evelyna Steimarová as Primadona Salsa Verde
* Augustín Kubáň as Servant Zutro aka Tóma Hluchoněmec
* Jan Skopeček as Frik
# Joseph Kranzinger

Joseph Kranzinger (14 February 1731, in Mattsee – 27 March 1775 in Versailles), alternatively Krantzinger, was an Austrian Rococo style pastel painter, best remembered for being commissioned by the Menus-Plaisirs du Roi to paint a portrait of Marie Antoinette in 1769, and for a later painting of the French queen which was misattributed to Jean-Étienne Liotard.
# Lokmanya Tilak Terminus–Darbhanga Pawan Express

The 11065 / 66 Lokmanya Tilak Terminus-Darbhanga Pawan Express was an Express train belonging to Indian Railways - Central Railway zone that ran between Lokmanya Tilak Terminus & Darbhanga Junction in India.
It operated as train number 11065 from Lokmanya Tilak Terminus to Darbhanga Junction and as train number 11066 in the reverse direction serving the states of Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh and Bihar .

## Coaches

The 11065 / 66 Lokmanya Tilak Terminus Darbhanga Pawan Express has 1 AC 2 tier, 1 AC 3 tier, 12 Sleeper Class, 6 General Unreserved & 2 Sitting cum Luggage Rack Coaches. In addition, it carried a Pantry car coach.

## Service

The 11065 Lokmanya Tilak Terminus Darbhanga Pawan Express covered the distance of 1,880 km (1,168 mi) in 37 hours 05 mins (50.70 km/hr) & in 38 hours 30 mins as 11066 Darbhanga Lokmanya Tilak Terminus Pawan Express (48.83 km/hr).
As the average speed of the train is below 55 km/h (34 mph), as per Indian Railway rules, its fare does not include a Superfast surcharge.

## Routeing

The 11065 / 66 Lokmanya Tilak Terminus Darbhanga Pawan Express ran from Lokmanya Tilak Terminus via Kalyan Junction, Igatpuri, Manmad Junction, Bhusaval Junction, Itarsi Junction, Jabalpur Junction, Satna, Allahabad Junction, Varanasi Junction, Ghazipur City, Hajipur Junction, Muzaffarpur Junction, Samastipur Junction to Darbhanga Junction.
It reversed direction of travel at Allahabad Junction and Samastipur Junction.

## Traction

As sections of the route were yet to be fully electrified, until January 2014 (Now fully electrified) a Kalyan based WCAM 3 hauled the train from Lokmanya Tilak Terminus until Igatpuri handing over to a Bhusaval based WAP 4 until Itarsi Junction after which a pair of Itarsi based WDM 3A locomotives would power the train for the remainder of its journey.
With Central Railways progressively moving towards a complete changeover from DC to AC traction, it was hauled by a Itarsi based WAP 4 from Lokmanya Tilak Terminus between Itarsi based WDM 3A locomotives power the train for the remainder of its journey .

## Rake Sharing

The 11065 / 66 Lokmanya Tilak Terminus Darbhanga Pawan Express shared its rake with the 11061 / 62 Lokmanya Tilak Terminus Muzaffarpur Pawan Express . Later got extended to Jaynagar railway station.

## Operation

11065 Lokmanya Tilak Terminus Darbhanga Pawan Express ran from Lokmanya Tilak Terminus every Tuesday, Thursday and Sunday reaching Darbhanga Junction on the 3rd day.
11066 Darbhanga Lokmanya Tilak Terminus Pawan Express ran from Darbhanga Junction every Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday reaching Lokmanya Tilak Terminus on the 3rd day.
# Owen Gruffydd

Owen Gruffydd (1643-1730) was a Welsh poet partly noted for a lament on the decline of the Welsh language in the early 18th century.
Not much is known about Owen Gruffydd's early life and career except that he was born in the parish of Llanystumdwy, Caernarfonshire. It is likely that he lived much of his life there and in the outlying parishes. Gruffydd was a weaver by profession. He was, however, known more for his poetic gifts. He also earned a name as a genealogist.

## Poems

Gruffydd's poems were mostly composed in honor of the aristocracy living in the surrounding countryside. He wrote such poems in the old Welsh tradition. He also wrote some other types poems which were more popular verse. An example of these were the carols for Christmastide. Selected works of Gruffydd were published in Carolau a Dyriau Duwiol (1688), in Blodeu Gerdd Cymry (1759) and in Gwaith Owen Gruffydd (1904), edited by O. M. Edwards. A large collection of his works is archived in the British Museum and the National Library of Wales.

## Later life

Gruffydd gradually lost his sight with old age and he dictated his verse to friends.
# Mamusi language

Mamusi is an Austronesian language of East New Britain Province in Papua New Guinea.
# Polyanin

Polyanin (Russian: Полянин, from поляна meaning meadow) is a Russian masculine surname, its feminine counterpart is Polyanina. It may refer to
* Andrei Polyanin (born 1951), Russian mathematician
* Dmitri Polyanin (born 1980), Russian football player
# Kyzyl-Tokoy

Kyzyl-Tokoy (Kyrgyz: Кызыл-Токой) is a village in Jalal-Abad Region of Kyrgyzstan. It is part of the Chatkal District. Its population was 1,975 in 2021.
# Masato

Masato (written: 正人, 雅人, 理人, 眞人, 聖人, 聖仁, 真人, 典人 or 正外) is a masculine Japanese given name. Notable people with the name include:
* Masato (kickboxer) (born 1979), Japanese former welterweight kickboxer, won K-1 WORLD MAX kickboxing tournament in 2003, 2008
* Masato Amada (born 1974), Japanese voice actor
* Masato Furuoya (古尾谷 雅人, 1957–2003), Japanese actor
* Masato Hagiwara (born 1971), Japanese actor
* Masato Harada (born 1949), Japanese film director and actor
* Masato Hatanaka (born 1975), Japanese musician
* Masato Hayakawa (born 1986), Japanese singer and musician
* Masato Ichishiki (born 1971), author of the SD Gundam comics
* Masato Ishioka (石岡 正人, born 1960), Japanese film director and screenwriter
* Masato Jinbo (神保 昌登), Japanese anime director and screenwriter
* Masato Kato (加藤 正人, born 1963), Japanese game developer and scenario writer
* Masato Kawabata (born 1977), professional drifting driver
* Masato Kitera, Japanese diplomat
* Masato Kurogi (born 1989), Japanese football player for Cerezo Osaka
* Masato Mihara (三原 正人, born 1959), Japanese judoka
* Masato Morishige (born 1987), Japanese football player for F.C. Tokyo
* Masato Nakamura (born 1958), member of the band Dreams Come True
* Masato Nakamura (baseball) (中村 真人, born 1982), Japanese baseball player
* Masato Nagai a Japanese anime singer
* Masato Osugi (大杉 誠人, born 1983), Japanese footballer
* Masato Saito (斉藤 雅人, born 1975), Japanese footballer
* Masato Sakai (born 1973), Japanese actor
* Masato Sasaki (佐々木 雅人, born 1992), Japanese footballer
* Masato Tachibana (橘 典人, born 1972), Japanese weightlifter
* Masato Takaki (高木 正人, born 1966), Japanese sailor
* Masato Watanabe (渡辺 正人, born 1979), Japanese baseball player
* Masato Yokoyama (born 1964), perpetrator of the Sarin gas attack on the Tokyo subway
* Masato Yoshii (born 1965), Japanese professional baseball player

## Fictional characters

* Masato (Pokémon), known in English as Max, a character in Pokémon and Ash & Pikachu
* Masato Inohara, a character in Little Busters!
* Masato Jin from Tokumei Sentai Go-Busters
* Masato Kusaka of Kamen Rider 555
* Masato Mishima of Kamen Rider Kabuto
* Masato Sanjouin from Sailor Moon
* Masato Wakamatsu of Miyuki
* Masato Yamanobe, a character in the manga Phoenix (Hi no Tori)
* Masato Hijirikawa, a character from the Uta no Prince-sama series.
* Masato Kageura, a character in the manga World Trigger.
# Franz Nikolaus Finck

Franz Nikolaus Finck (26 June 1867 – 4 May 1910) was a German philologist, born in Krefeld. He was a professor of General Linguistics at the University of Berlin.
Finck visited the Aran Islands of Ireland, where he lived with speakers of Irish Gaelic. His research on the phonology of Irish resulted in the book Die Araner Mundart: Ein Beitrag zur Erforschung des Westirischen (The Aran Dialect: A Contribution to the Study of Western Irish). This work was characteristic of Finck's emphasis on the study of remote dialects of languages.
He went on to work on a broad variety of languages, but was best known to his colleagues for his work on languages of the Caucasus. He also worked extensively on the Armenian language, compiling a grammar of that language.
Finck held the belief (now known to be mistaken) that all of the languages of the Caucasus were related.
Among his students was John Peabody Harrington.
# The Foundation of Broadcast Culture

The Foundation for Broadcast Culture(Korean: 방송문화진흥회), is the only institution dedicated to the promotion of broadcasting in South Korea. Partly to address concerns following the country's 1987 democratic reforms, the National Assembly established the Foundation for Broadcast Culture to insulate MBC from political influence and KBS. The foundation was established as a not-for-profit statutory corporation in accordance with "The Foundation for Broadcast Culture" Act (Ordinance No. 6137) first formulated on December 26, 1988.
It is a major shareholder of MBC (Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation) to which 70% of the stocks of MBC was donated as "the initial fund for the promotion of broadcasting culture" from the government. Except for the corporate structure, the concept of the foundation is similar to Channel 4 Television Corporation in the United Kingdom (formerly a subsidiary of the British IBA).
# David Jones (barrister)

David Jones (1765–1816) was a Welsh barrister.
Jones was best known as ‘the Welsh Freeholder’. He was born in 1765, the only son of John Jones of Bwlchygwynt, near Llandovery, Carmarthenshire, where his father farmed his own freehold. He was a relative of John Jones, Unitarian critic. He received his early education at Pencader and Abergavenny, and in 1783 entered Homerton College, London, with the view of preparing for the ministry among the Calvinistic dissenters, but, adopting Unitarian views, moved to Hackney College.
There he became tutor and lecturer in experimental philosophy until, in October 1792, he took charge of the New Meeting congregation at Birmingham, as successor to Joseph Priestley, who had recommended him for the post. During his ministry there he delivered in 1794–5 ‘some admirable courses of lectures on the philosophy of the human mind, as connected with education, the theory of morals, and also on history.’ Turning to the study of the law, he was admitted a student of Lincoln's Inn on 1 May 1795, was called to the bar on 26 June 1800, and practised chiefly as a chancery barrister, but attached himself as well to the Oxford and South Wales circuits. He also became a member of Caius College, Cambridge, graduating B.A. in 1800 and M.A. in 1803. He died in 1816.
Jones made a spirited defence of unitarianism against the attacks of Bishop Samuel Horsley in several works written under the name of 'The Welsh Freeholder'.

## Works
### as 'The Welsh Freeholder'

* A Letter to the [Bishop] on the Charge he lately delivered, London, 1790, 8vo, which evoked ‘An Answer … by a Clergyman of the Diocese of St. Davids,’ London, 1750, 8vo
* The Welsh Freeholder's Vindication of his Letter, &c., London, 1791, 8vo.
* Reasons for Unitarianism, or the Primitive Christian Doctrine, London, 1792
* The Welsh Freeholder's Farewell Epistles to the Bishop (lately of St. Davids), now of Rochester, London, 1794, 8vo.

### as David Jones

* Thoughts on the Riots at Birmingham, Bath, 1791, 8vo, an enlarged reprint of an anonymous letter written by Jones in the Morning Chronicle, and republished without his authority both at Maidstone and Birmingham.
* The Nature and Duties of the Office of a Minister of Religion, Birmingham, 1792, 8vo.
* The Revolution in France and the Progress of Liberty, considered in connection with our idea of Providence and of the Improvement of Human Affairs (see advertisement in The Nature and Duties, &c.), announced by Jones in 1816, is not known to have been published.
# Munsu Funfair

The Munsu Funfair (Korean: 문수유희장) was an amusement park located in Pyongyang, North Korea. Opened in 1984, the park was located near the Chongryu Bridge, and was across the Taedong River from the Rungnado May Day Stadium. It was renovated and renamed into Munsu Water Park in 2013.
# Copper oxide

Copper oxide is any of several binary compounds composed of the elements copper and oxygen. Two oxides are well known, Cu$_2$O and CuO, corresponding to the minerals cuprite and tenorite, respectively. Paramelaconite (Cu$_4$O$_3$) is less well characterized.
Copper oxide may refer to:
* Copper(I) oxide (cuprous oxide, Cu$_2$O)
* Copper(II) oxide (cupric oxide, CuO)
* Copper peroxide (CuO$_2$), a hypothetical compound
* Paramelaconite (copper(I,II) oxide, Cu$_4$O$_3$)
* Copper(III) oxide (Cu$_2$O$_3$) does not exist although Cu(III) is a component of cuprate superconductors
* Copper(IV) oxide (CuO$_2$) has been proposed to exist in the gas phase
# Loch Ericht

Loch Ericht (Scottish Gaelic: Loch Eireachd) is a freshwater loch on the border between the former Perthshire, now Perth and Kinross and the former Inverness-shire, now Highlands Council areas of Scotland. It has a north-east to south-west orientation. The village of Dalwhinnie lies at the north east end of the loch. Loch Ericht is the tenth largest freshwater lake in Scotland and has a good reputation for its trout fishing and Ferox trout.
Loch Ericht occupies a major glacial breach cut through the former main Grampian divide from Ben Nevis over Ben Alder to the Cairngorms. The breach exploits the Loch Ericht Fault, a major feature of the Caledonian Orogeny, parallel to the Great Glen Fault and other NE-SW faults. The preglacial col in the former divide at Beinn Bheoil - Stob an Aonaich Mhoir is estimated by Linton to have been at 650m asl. With the loch bed being at 200m asl, ice has excavated a trench at least 450 m deep. The glacier has carried erratic boulders of Rannoch granite far down the flanks of Strath Spey. A secondary breach was cut between The Fara (Am Faireamh) and Geal Charn (Drumochter) thus beheading the Pattack catchment. The present watershed has been displaced about ten miles north-east to Dalwhinnie
The loch is part of a hydro-electric scheme and is dammed at both ends. Water flows into the northern end via the Cuaich Aqueduct. The southern end is linked to a hydro-electric power station at Loch Rannoch by a pipeline abstracting most of the flow of the 4-mile (6.4 km) long River Ericht. The low northern barrage is located on the former natural watershed, raising the natural level of the loch slightly. The reservoir volume is 230 million m$^3$ of water with a water length of 24.4 kilometres (15.2 mi). The Corrievarkie pumped-storage hydroelectricity project is planned to hold 22 million cubic metres of water in the hills above the lake. If built, it would have a power of 600 MW for 24 hours.
Loch Ericht is surrounded by a number of Munros, including Ben Alder (1148 metres), Geal-Chàrn (1132 metres). and the Drumochter hills on the SE side. Traditional hunting areas border the loch. These are called forests; the chief of which is Ben Alder Forest.

## Mapping

Loch Ericht is covered by
* Ordnance Survey Explorer map 393 (1:25000) Ben Alder, Loch Ericht and Loch Laggan (ISBN 9780319239186) and
* Ordnance Survey Landranger map 42 (1:50000) Glen Garry and Loch Rannoch (ISBN 9780319231296).
# Khanmirza

Khanmirza (Persian: خانمیرزا) may refer to:
* Khanmirza District
* Khanmirza Rural District
# Baudienst

Baudienst (from German, lit. "building service" or "construction service"), full name in German Baudienst im Generalgouvernement (Construction Service in the General Government), was a forced labour organization created by Nazi Germany in the General Government territory of occupied Poland during World War II. Baudienst was subordinate to the Reichsarbeitsdienst (RAD, lit. "Reich Labour Service").

## Formation and activities

The Baudienst construction was formed 1 December 1940, originally in the Kraków District of the General Government, but it eventually expanded to all districts of the newly-formed region, except for the Warsaw District. The goal of Baudienst was to provide the Third Reich with a large pool of obligatory labour force.
Baudienst laborers were entitled to housing, food rations, working clothes, medical care and a wage of 1 zloty per day (a wage that was never changed, despite increasing inflation). Over time, conditions of work deteriorated, as laborers inhabited poor quality barracks (never a priority), and food and clothing rations were slashed. Punished laborers were imprisoned in Liban working camp in Kraków (Liban Quarry).
Baudienst was to build and maintain infrastructure (construction and repair of roads and canals), and aid with agricultural tasks. The overall objective was not to build infrastructure for the Poles, but for the Germans (with the aim of increasing West-East transport capacity in preparation for German invasion of the Soviet Union, and later, to improve the efficiency of German logistics). In some infamous cases, members of Baudienst were used to prepare graves for victims of German mass executions (of Poles, Jews and other victims of the Third Reich) or to destroy Jewish houses and hiding places.
In the General Government, working was obligatory for any male Pole from 18 to 60 years old; later in the occupation this range extended to youth from 14 years old. Baudienst service itself was an obligatory service for Poles aged 21–22. Germans were aiming to have as many as 150,000 Baudienst members, in fact due to constant lack of volunteers and increasing desertions, Baudienst at its height reached less than a third of that number (about 45,000 people). There were almost no volunteers in Baudienst, in 1941 only 141 were recorded, in following years Germans stopped recording their numbers altogether.
Baudienst workers were under a contract to work at least initially 3 months, increased up to 6–7 months of work during the spring-summer period and eventually a minimum of a year.
In addition to the Polish Baudienst, Germans created similar Heimatdienst (lit. "homeland service", Ukrains'ka Sluzhba Bat'kivschyni, USB) for the Ukrainians, and a similar one for the Goralenvolk. Volksdeutsche were immune from the service (but could volunteer, and some did for the higher-ranking positions such as foreman), and Polish Jews were already forced to labor in the ghettos and labor-concentration camps.
# Bërnjak

Bërnjak (Albanian: Bërjak) or Brnjak (nicknamed by local residents Brnjaci or Brnjake) is a village in northern Kosovo. A border crossing with Serbia is located in the village.

## Geography

The settlement is located on the territory of the cadastral municipality of Bërnjak with an area of 2,981 ha. Once one of the largest villages in North Kosovo, it is located in the Brnjačka river basin, which flows from the slopes of Mokra Gora.

## History

During World War II, Bërnjak was among the villages in North Kosovo that was burned down by Albanian paramilitaries working with the Sandžak Muslim militia and the Serb population expelled.

## 2008 North Kosovo incident

Bërnjak was the location of one of the NATO-staffed border checkpoints between Serbia and Kosovo. In February 2008, the border was sealed by NATO troops after ethnic Serbs ransacked and set fire to the border checkpoints at Jarinje and Bërnjak.