OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# General Magnaplate

Magnaplate is a company that offers surface enhancement coatings for metal parts and other substrates to increase hardness, reduce corrosion, increase chemical resistance and reduce surface friction.

## Timeline

* 1952 — Magnaplate Metal Finishers is established in Hoboken, New Jersey.
* 1967 — Tufram, Inc. opens in Linden, New Jersey to produce cookware, which is ranked Number 1 in the U.S. two years in a row by Consumer Reports.
* 1968 — Canadize is invented, a coating that augments surface hardness for titanium and titanium alloys.
* 1969 — The first man walks on the Moon, and thanks to General Magnaplate he was able to drill into the Moon's surface. A Canadize treatment on both the inside and outside of the titanium core sample drill tubes prevented samples being contaminated by titanium particles from the drill.
* 1970 — Nedox was invented, a coating that significantly increases metals' corrosion resistance and wear life.
* 1980 — General Magnaplate opens its Ventura, California facility.
* 1982 — General Magnaplate's Texas facility upgrades to its new Arlington location, and Candida Covino joins the company.
* 1985 — Ed Aversenti joins the company
* 1986 — Candida Covino becomes president of General Magnaplate and Magnaplate SNS is invented.
* 1989 — Plasmadize is invented, a coating which combines the advantages of thermal spraying with controlled infusion of dry polymers, dry lubricants or other materials to provide an entirely new composite with improved properties.
* 1995 — Hi-T-Lube is recognized by the Guinness Book of Records as the solid with the lowest coefficient of friction in the world.
* 2002 — General Magnaplate celebrates its 50th anniversary
* 2002 — General Magnaplate obtains ISO 9001 certification
* 2004 — General Magnaplate plays a critical role in the Mars rover landing by providing coatings for the landing mechanism.
* 2007 — Founder Dr. Charles P. Covino dies.
* 2020 - Ashley Russo appointed Chief Operating Officer
* 2024 - Ashley Russo appointed Chief Executive Officer
# Chapayevka, Russia

Chapayevka (Russian: Чапаевка) is the name of several rural localities in Russia.

## Modern localities

* Chapayevka, Chelyabinsk Oblast, a village in Kamyshevsky Selsoviet of Argayashsky District in Chelyabinsk Oblast
* Chapayevka, Chuvash Republic, a settlement in Pervomayskoye Rural Settlement of Alatyrsky District in the Chuvash Republic
* Chapayevka, Republic of Crimea, a selo in Sovetsky District of the Republic of Crimea
* Chapayevka, Kaluga Oblast, a village in Dzerzhinsky District of Kaluga Oblast
* Chapayevka, Moscow Oblast, a village in Nikolskoye Rural Settlement of Odintsovsky District in Moscow Oblast; 55°36′N 36°39′E﻿ / ﻿55.600°N 36.650°E﻿ / 55.600; 36.650
* Chapayevka, Grachyovsky District, Orenburg Oblast, a settlement in Klyuchevsky Selsoviet of Grachyovsky District in Orenburg Oblast
* Chapayevka, Kvarkensky District, Orenburg Oblast, a selo in Tanalyksky Selsoviet of Kvarkensky District in Orenburg Oblast
* Chapayevka, Novoorsky District, Orenburg Oblast, a selo in Chapayevsky Selsoviet of Novoorsky District in Orenburg Oblast
* Chapayevka, Pervomaysky District, Orenburg Oblast, a settlement in Leninsky Selsoviet of Pervomaysky District in Orenburg Oblast
* Chapayevka, Samara Oblast, a settlement in Volzhsky District of Samara Oblast
* Chapayevka, Marksovsky District, Saratov Oblast, a settlement in Marksovsky District of Saratov Oblast
* Chapayevka, Turkovsky District, Saratov Oblast, a village in Turkovsky District of Saratov Oblast
* Chapayevka, Yershovsky District, Saratov Oblast, a selo in Yershovsky District of Saratov Oblast

## Alternative names

* Chapayevka, alternative name of Chapayev, a settlement in Novovyselsky Selsoviet of Zubovo-Polyansky District in the Republic of Mordovia; 54°1′N 42°58′E﻿ / ﻿54.017°N 42.967°E﻿ / 54.017; 42.967
* Chapayevka, alternative name of Chapayev, a khutor in Bogurayevskoye Rural Settlement of Belokalitvinsky District in Rostov Oblast; 48°3′N 40°47′E﻿ / ﻿48.050°N 40.783°E﻿ / 48.050; 40.783
# Shing Darrah

Shing Darreh Persian: شینگ دره is a village in Khwahan Badakhshan Province in north-eastern Afghanistan.
# Area code 586

Area code 586 is the telephone area code serving much of Macomb County, Michigan, introduced in 2001 as a split from area code 810. Its territory was originally part of area code 313.

## History

Macomb County was originally served by Detroit's area code 313, one of the original 86 area codes in the North American Numbering Plan. In 1993, area code 810 was split from 313; the service area of 810 initially included all of the former 313 outside of Monroe, Wayne, and Washtenaw counties.
In 1997, Oakland County, bordering Macomb County to the west, was split from area code 810 as area code 248. Area code 586 was first proposed as an overlay for the 810 territory, to be implemented in 2000. However, overlays were still a new concept at this time, and met with some resistance due to the need for ten-digit dialing. In the face of intense opposition to the overlay proposal, 586 was instead implemented as a split, with most of Macomb County getting the new area code. The area code was introduced on September 22, 2001. Permissive dialing of 810 continued until March 23, 2002.

## Service area

Area code 586 serves Macomb County, Michigan, including the following communities:
* Armada, Michigan
* Center Line, Michigan
* Chesterfield Township, Michigan
* Clinton Charter Township, Michigan
* Eastpointe, Michigan
* Fraser, Michigan
* Harrison Township, Michigan
* Lenox Township, Michigan
* Macomb Township, Michigan
* Memphis, Michigan (part by 810)
* Mount Clemens, Michigan
* New Baltimore, Michigan
* New Haven, Michigan
* Ray Township, Michigan
* Richmond, Michigan
* Romeo, Michigan
* Roseville, Michigan
* Saint Clair Shores, Michigan
* Shelby Charter Township, Michigan (very small part by 248)
* Sterling Heights, Michigan
* Utica, Michigan
* Warren, Michigan
* Washington Township, Macomb County, Michigan (part by 248)
# Michael Stanhope (died c. 1621)

Sir Michael Stanhope (c. 1549 – c. 1621), of Sudbourne, Suffolk, was an English politician. Stanhope was the youngest surviving son of Michael Stanhope and Anne Rawson.
He was a groom or gentlemen of the Privy Chamber to Elizabeth I. In November 1599 the Lord Keeper Thomas Egerton, seeking the queen's favour, asked him to give her a gift of pearls. She told Stanhope to return them to Egerton, and he thought Stanhope had let him down. Stanhope wrote to Sir Robert Cecil about this incident, and the illness of his wife's servant, which kept him from court for fear of spreading infection.
He was knighted in 1603 by King James I. He was a Member of Parliament (MP) for Castle Rising in 1584, Ipswich in 1597 and 1601, and for Orford in 1604.
There is a monument to him in Sudbourne church.

## Marriage and family

He married Elizabeth Read (died April 1616), the daughter of Sir William Read of Osterley, Middlesex, by whom he had three daughters, who were his coheirs.
* Jane Stanhope, who married (1) Henry Radclyffe, a son of Robert Radclyffe, 5th Earl of Sussex, (2) Sir William Withipole.
* Elizabeth Stanhope, who married George Berkeley, 8th Baron Berkeley.
* Bridget Stanhope (born February 1616), who married George Feilding, 1st Earl of Desmond. (It was rumoured that Sir Eustace Hart had sired Bridget Stanhope, although the baptismal record at St Mary Abbots Church, Kensington has her as the daughter of Sir Michael.)
# Henry Hobson (director)

Henry Hobson is an English film director, known for the 2015 film Maggie.

## Early life

Hobson was born in Salisbury, Wiltshire, England. Hobson completed his Bachelor of Arts degree at The London College of Printing and did his master's degree at the Royal College of Art. He began his career as a graphic designer, creating title sequences for films such as Snow White and the Huntsman, Robin Hood, Sherlock Holmes. and The Lone Ranger. He also worked on the popular television series The Walking Dead. He spent over 15 years in this field before transitioning to directing.

## Career
### Maggie

Maggie, an independent thriller about a viral pandemic, featured Arnold Schwarzenegger in a rare dramatic role as a father trying to protect his infected daughter. The film was based on a script by first-time screenwriter John Scott and was completed with a $1.4 million budget. Schwarzenegger joined the project as both actor and producer after being intrigued by the story. The film premiered at the Tribeca Film Festival in 2015.
His background in visual arts has strongly influenced his approach to filmmaking. His use of visual storytelling is one of the movie's defining features.

### 87th Oscars

Hobson designed most of the visual elements for 87th Academy Awards' category introductions. Hobson had worked at the Oscars since 2009 and was tasked with creating distinctive and stylish title sequences for twenty-three out of the twenty-four 2015 ceremony categories. His contributions included the 3D elements for the visual effects category and creative transitions like makeup swipes for the acting categories. One standout moment was the Best Picture montage, which cleverly blended iconic imagery from Birdman and Selma. His slide for American Sniper featured bullets tearing across the screen to form the American flag. Another highlight was Birdman, where a black watercolour sketch dissolved into a flock of birds. These creative designs demonstrated Hobson's ability to push boundaries while staying true to the spirit of each film.
# Gotovuša

Gotovuša (Serbian Cyrillic: Готовуша, Albanian: Gotovushë) is a settlement in the Štrpce municipality in Kosovo. It is inhabited by ethnic Serbs, according to the 1991 census, it had 986 inhabitants. The village houses two churches, protected by the Republic of Kosovo.

## Geography

It is situated in the northeastern part of the Šar Mountains, and in the drainage basin of the Lepenac river.

## History

In Medieval Serbia, the župa (province) of Sirinić (first mentioned in 1331, in a charter of Emperor Stephen Dušan) existed, covering the whole of modern Štrpce municipality, having two cities, Gradište (in Brezovica) and Zidinac (in Gotovuša). Several remains of Byzantine forts exist in the region.
Gotovuša is mentioned for the first time in an Ottoman defter (tax register) of 1455, as a great village with 64 houses, and an Orthodox priest. The Church of Saint Nicholas was built here in the mid-16th-century, and is currently under protection of the Republic of Serbia as part of the Monuments of Culture of Exceptional Importance (Cultural Heritage of Serbia-list, SK 1422), in the Churches of Sirinićka župa-group. The second church in Gotovuša is dedicated to the Entry of the Most Holy Theotokos (Uspenja Presvete Bogorodice), built in 1557. Above the village, near the old fort of Zidinac, there are remains of several older churches. The village is part of the ecclesiastical jurisdiction of the Serbian Orthodox Eparchy of Raška and Prizren.
In 1894, the village had 87 houses, all ethnic Serb.
According to data from 1938, the village had the following kin families, with their number of houses, traditions (Krsna Slava, patron saint day), and history:
* Bugarkin (4 houses, Slava of Sv. Petka). A male ancestor married a Bulgarian wife on pečalba (seasonal migrational work), hence their surname (meaning "of the [female] Bulgarian").
* Kosmoćević (18 houses, Sv. Petka).
* Đurđević and Kućanović (18 houses, Sv. Petka).
* Kevkić (25 houses) and Toroćev (23 houses), both with the Slava of Sv. Nikole, settled in the end of the 18th century from the village of Seroja, near Shkodër. The Kevkić family heads were, in chronological manner starting from the nearest: Dobrosav (aged 90 in 1938), Simeon, Milenko, Stevan.
* Projčević (2 houses, Sv. Nikole), settled from Polog. Before their arrival, they had the Slava of Sv. Arhanđela, but as they were the only ones in the village with that Slava, and poor, they could not continue with having guests, so they changed their Slava to Sv. Nikole, which some other families had as Slava.
* Stojčević (8 houses, Sv. Arhanđeo), also settled from Polog.
* Čantrić (24 houses, Sv. Petka), settled from Semanje near Kaçanik around 1830. They hail from Burnik near Ferizaj.
Demographic history :
| Ethnic group | 1948 | 1953 | 1961 | 1971 | 1981 | 1991 | 2011 |
| Serbs | | | | | 971 (98,58%) | | 445 (100%) |
| Others | | | | | 14 (1,42%) | | |
| Total | 697 | 779 | 839 | 906 | 985 | 986 | 445 |

## Infrastructure

The settlement is in the territory of a cadastre of 1611 hectares. The village has a primary school, "Рајко Урошевић".
# Angelo Corsi

Angelo Corsi (born 18 June 1989) is an Italian footballer who plays as a defender.

## Club career

On 28 January 2022, he joined Vibonese on loan.
# Durgan

50°06′14″N 5°06′50″W﻿ / ﻿50.104°N 5.114°W﻿ / 50.104; -5.114
Durgan (Cornish: Dowrgeun, meaning otters) is a hamlet in the parish of Mawnan, south Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. It is beside the Helford River four miles (6 km) south of Falmouth. The hamlet consists of fifteen residential properties, seven owned by the National Trust, and has a permanent population of just 9 (2024). The majority of the properties are second homes or holiday lets. Durgan has a beach popular with boaters, swimmers and holiday makers. Only vehicles belonging to residents or those staying in holiday lets are permitted in the village as the roads are narrow and parking is unavailable.
Durgan is known for boating on the Helford River and the Fal estuary and hosts a regatta on the last Sunday in August each year. It was the home port of Captain George Vancouver.
Glendurgan Garden, a National Trust property, is located in Durgan.

## Views of Durgan

* Durgan Old School House (National Trust holiday let)
* Durgan beach and Helford river
* Durgan from the east
# Balleh River

Balleh River (Malay: Sungai Balleh) is a river in Sarawak, Malaysia. It is a tributary of the Rajang River. In 1983 it was navigated by Redmond O'Hanlon and James Fenton. The journey is described in O'Hanlon's book, Into the Heart of Borneo.
# Kaslik

Kaslik (Arabic: كسليك) is a town in the Keserwan District of the Keserwan-Jbeil Governorate in Lebanon. The town is home to a variety of 18th-century limestone houses, and a number of historic churches. However, the area was also subject to the rampant development during the Lebanese economic boom of the mid-twentieth century and has become heavily urbanized and now features a variety of factories and industrial plants within its borders. The vast majority of the population is composed by Maronite Christians
Kaslik is today a hub for fishing and leisure ports as well as resorts, hotels, beaches and a shopping area. The town is also home to the USEK University and to international restaurants and cafes.
# Braldu River

The Braldu River (Balti: བྲཱལྡུ་ཙང་པོ།, romanized: braldu tsang po; Urdu: برالدو ندی) flows in the Shigar District of Gilgit Baltistan in Pakistan. The Braldu River joins the Basha Basna River, and together they form the Shigar River, which is a tributary of the Indus River.

## Geography

The Braldu River is a 78 kilometres (48 mi) long river, that originates from the Baltoro Glacier and flows 25 kilometres (16 mi) to the west where it receives melt waters from the Biafo Glacier. The Baltoro Glacier and the Biafo Glacier are among the largest glaciers outside the polar regions. The Baltoro Glacier give rise to the four Eight-thousanders mountain peaks, among them is the K2 28,251 ft (8,611 metres), the second highest mountain peak of the world. The Biafo Glacier holds the Snow Lake, which is 61 mile (100 km) river of ice, it is among the world's longest continuous glacier systems outside of the polar regions.
The Braldu River flows almost eastwards, entirely in the Shigar District of Baltistan and forms the Braldu Valley. The most remote settlement in the valley is the village of Askole, situated at the right bank of the Braldu River. Askole serves as the base camp for mountaineering expeditions and trekking to the various glaciers in this Karakoram Range. Many glacier fed streams joins the Braldu River in the Braldu Valley.
The Braldu River flows through the towns of Testay, Korphe, Shamang, Sino, Maisam Abad, Niyil and Tingstun. It merges with the Basha Basna River 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) before Tingstun to form the Shigar River at the end of the Braldu Valley. The Basha Basna River originates from the Chogo Lungma and the Sokha Glaciers, flows southeastwards. The Shigar River joins the Indus River at Skardu, 48 kilometres (30 mi) from the merger of the Braldu River and the Basha Basna River.

## Kayaking

The Braldu River is considered to be a super extreme whitewater river. It provides great scope for kayaking, which is practised during the summer from June to August. The first attempt to kayak the river was made in 1978 by a British expedition led by Mike Jones. Jones lost his life trying to rescue a team mate, for which he was awarded the Queen's Gallantry Medal (QGM).

## Image gallery

* Downstream end of Baltoro Glacier, with Braldu River emerging from underneath
* The Braldu River, with the Biafo Glacier in the background
# Braunau (river)

Braunau is a river of Bavaria, Germany. It flows into the Glonn near Tuntenhausen.
# Babynino

Babynino (Russian: Бабынино) is the name of several rural localities in Russia:
* Babynino (selo), Babyninsky District, Kaluga Oblast, a selo in Babyninsky District, Kaluga Oblast
* Babynino (settlement), Babyninsky District, Kaluga Oblast, a settlement in Babyninsky District, Kaluga Oblast
* Babynino, Mozhaysky District, Moscow Oblast, a village in Borodinskoye Rural Settlement of Mozhaysky District, Moscow Oblast of Moscow Oblast
* Babynino, Shatursky District, Moscow Oblast, a village in Dmitrovskoye Rural Settlement of Shatursky District of Moscow Oblast
* Babynino, Tver Oblast, a village in Staritsky District of Tver Oblast
# Eduard Timberman

Eduard Timberman (also Timbermann; October 31, 1905 – July 11, 1935) was an Estonian painter.

## Early life and education

Timberman was born in Tallinn, the son of Hendrik Timbermann (1867–1933) and Elise Timbermann (née Kullison, 1872–1932). He attended Jakob Westholm School [et]. In 1918, the family moved to Auksi, near Viljandi. From 1918 to 1923, Timberman attended the high school for boys in Viljandi County. In 1923, Timberman started studying at the Pallas Art School in Tartu without completing high school. At first he was forced to work at the Viljandi table factory while a student, but starting in the 1925/26 academic year he received a scholarship for talented students from the Cultural Endowment of Estonia, which allowed him to continue his studies without also working. In 1930, Timberman graduated from Pallas as the only graduate that year and returned to Viljandi.

## Career

The early 1930s was a very lively period in artistic life in Viljandi. In addition to Timberman, Gustav Mootse, Peeter Akerberg-Põldmaa, Juhan Kangilaski [et], and Lydia Nirk-Soosaar [et] lived and worked in Viljandi. From time to time, the artists Ants Murakin [et], Villem Ormisson, and Juhan Muks also returned to the town.
During those years, Timberman became a prolific contributor to the local newspaper Sakala. Most of the Viljandi art exhibitions of that period were organized by Timberman, and they were often exhibited in the rooms of the German Casino at Post Street (Estonian: Posti tänav) 11. One of Timberman's boldest ideas was the construction of a modern art studio in Viljandi to bring artists together.
On July 11, 1935, Eduard Timberman died in the hospital in Viljandi as a result of pneumonia associated with tuberculosis. The artist was buried in the new cemetery of Saint Paul's Church in Viljandi.

## Work

Timberman's artwork is not very extensive. He is primarily known as a watercolorist. Using this technique, he captured views of Viljandi, Tartu, Kasaritsa, Sinialliku, Karksi, Taagepera, Saadjärve, and Pechory. In some of Timberman's oil paintings, the influence of Cézanne's Cubism of the time is reflected, and thus Timberman is one of the few in Estonian artists that continued the tradition created by another late but established artist in his own style, Kuno Veeber.
# Breitach

The Breitach is a 24-kilometre-long (15 mi) mountain river, the southwestern (left) source of the Iller in the Allgäu Alps, in the states of Vorarlberg (Austria) and Bavaria (Germany).

## Detail

The river originates in Baad [de; ksh; sv], a part of Mittelberg, in the Kleinwalsertal as the union of three smaller source streams. It flows in the northwestern direction through the valley that in earlier times was called Breitachtal ("Breitach Valley") after the river. At the Walserschanze, the Austrian-German border, the Breitach reaches German territory and curves through the narrow Breitachklamm. Then, the Starzlach flows from the west into the Breitach. At the so-called Illerursprung [de] ("Iller origin") in Oberstdorf, the Breitach, the Stillach and the Trettach flow together forming the Iller.
Of geological interest are the so-called Breitach rocks; a mineral of brown color and of small fracture, it is only found in the Breitach.
# Gabriel Cunningham

Gabriel Cunningham (c.1620–1691) was a Church of Scotland minister who served as Moderator of the General Assembly in 1652.
Due to ongoing debates regarding Scottish Episcopacy during his life he served three non-continuous spells as minister of Dunlop, Ayrshire.

## Life

Little is known of his early life. He graduated MA from Glasgow University in 1642. There seems some likelihood that he was the son or grandson of Gabriel Cunningham, three times Lord Provost of Glasgow, lastly in 1639 who, in turn, was probably grandson of Lord Gabriel Cuningham of Renfrewshire.
In 1648 the Laird of Dunlop acted as his patron and he was ordained as minister of Dunlop church in Ayrshire in place of the late Rev Hugh Eglinton.
In 1652 he succeeded Rev Robert Douglas as Moderator of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland the highest position in the Scottish church.
He was deprived of office in 1664 for failing to accept the new rules of Episcopacy, seeing this as a return to Catholicism. His place was filled by William Torrie until 1672 when Cunningham was allowed to return to office. However, he did not immediately return, and only in June 1674 did he recommence, assisted by John Hay of Lady Yester's Church in Edinburgh. However, in 1683 he was deprived of office a second time, this time the Lord Advocate accusing him of harbouring "rebels". Alexander Lindsay filled the role 1685 to 1687 and Cunningham returned in 1687 after the "Toleration", but then aged around 66. The Act of Parliament of 25 April 1690 ended Episcopacy in the Church of Scotland and he then continued unencumbered. Much loved by his peers he preached at the first General Assembly following this event: 16 October 1690.
He died in May 1691 aged around 69.
# Breitbach (Main)

Breitbach is a river of Bavaria, Germany. It is a left tributary of the Main in Marktbreit.
# Bremer River (Western Australia)

Bremer River is a river in Western Australia that rises near Jerramungup at the border of the Yilgarn plateau. The river flows in a generally south-easterly direction and the river valley becomes steadily deeper as the river approaches the coast, where it has eroded the Pallinup siltstone deposits that deposited over the underlying granite.
The name Bremer River was first recorded in 1919 and is believed to come from the town of Bremer Bay that is located on the Wellstead estuary where the river flows into Bremer Bay.
The river has two minor tributaries, Devil Creek and Lizzie Creek.
About 80% of the catchment area has been cleared for agriculture, mostly for cropping and grazing.
The river is saline varying from 3-4‰ to 150‰ depending on the season.