OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Louis Denis Jules Gavarret

Louis Denis Jules Gavarret, sometimes referred to as Louis Dominique Jules Gavarret (28 January 1809 – 30 August 1890) was a French physician who advocated the use of statistics in medicine.

## Life

Gavarret was born in Astaffort, Lot-et-Garonne. He studied at the Ecole Polytechnique in Paris, followed by military service as an artillery officer. In 1833 he resigned his commission and began his studies with Gabriel Andral (1797–1876).
Gavarret is remembered for the systemization and expansion of Pierre Charles Alexandre Louis' (1787-1872) statistical methodology in regards to medicine. Pierre Louis' contention was to make medicine an exact science in diagnosis of a medical condition, and also to refute the "inductive approach" that was prevalent at the time. Gavarret was a major proponent of the statistical method. He emphasized that the process would only work under certain conditions, such as the medical cases must be comparable, and there has to exist enough examples to reach an exact conclusion. Gavarett's precision or "confidence rate" was calculated to be 99.5% or a ratio of 212:1. In essence, the two doctors believed that through knowledge of the aggregate patient data, the disease and treatment would be understood.
In 1840, Gavarret and Gabriel Andral were the first to show that blood composition varied depending on the pathological condition of the subject. Their research demonstrated the value of blood chemistry as a means of confirming diagnoses.
His later work largely dealt with topics in the fields of biophysics and physiology, that included research of acoustic and phonation phenomena.

## Writings

* Sur les modifications de properties de quelques principes du sang (fibrine, globules, materiaux solides du sérum, et eau) dans les maladies. Ann Chim 1840 (with G. Andral).
* Recherches sur la quantité d’acide carbonique exhalé par le poumon dans l’espèce humaine. written with G. Andral 30 pages, 1 pl. Paris, Masson & cie., 1843. Ext. Annales de chimie et de physique.
* Principes généraux de statistique médicale, Béchet Jne et Labé, L. Gavarret, Paris, 1840.
* Lois générales de l'électricité dynamique (1843)
* Physique médicale. De la chaleur produite par les êtres vivants, (1855)
* Les phénomènes physiques de la vie, (1869).
# Absamat Masaliyev

Absamat Masaliyevich Masaliyev (Kyrgyz: Абсамат Масалы уулу Масалиев; 10 April 1933 – 31 July 2004) was the first Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Kirghizia from November 1985 until Kyrgyz independence, and led the Party of Communists of Kyrgyzstan afterwards.

## History

He began studies at the Mining Technical School in southern Kirghizia in 1953. Three years later, he moved to the Moscow Mining Institute. He started his career as a deputy chief engineer at Kyzyl-Kyya coal mine in the south of Kirghizia.
In 1961 Masaliyev became an instructor at the regional branch of the Communist Party of Kirghizia in Osh. He worked his way up the ranks until he became First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Kirghizia in November 1985. From 10 April to 10 December 1990 he served as chairman of the Supreme Soviet of the Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republic.
Masaliyev was a deputy of the Soviet of Nationalities of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR in its 10th to 11th convocations, from 1979 to 1989.
Apas Jumagulov and Absamat Masaliyev were the two original candidates for Kyrgyz Presidency on 25 October 1990, but neither could get the majority of votes, so the Supreme Soviet chose Askar Akayev to be the first president on 27 October 1990. Masaliyev was a candidate at 1995 presidential elections, losing to Akayev again. He held a seat in the Assembly of People's Representatives of the Supreme Council from 1995 until his death of a heart attack in 2004.
# Kuvandyksky Urban Okrug

Kuvandyksky Urban Okrug (Russian: Куванды́кский городско́й о́круг) is a municipal formation (an urban okrug) in Orenburg Oblast, Russia, one of the thirteen urban okrugs in the oblast. Its territory comprises the territories of two administrative divisions of Orenburg Oblast—Kuvandyksky District and the Town of Kuvandyk.
It was established on May 1, 2015 by the Law #3029/834-V-OZ of Orenburg Oblast by merging the municipal formations of former Kuvandyksky Municipal District and granting the resulting entity urban okrug status.
# Windar

Windar or Winder (Sindhi: وندر) is capital city of Sonmiani Tehsil in Hub District, Balochistan province, Pakistan. It is located at 25°23'14N 66°39'55E with an altitude of 8 metres (29 feet). Population is 29515 Majority are Sindhi (Lasi, Med, Lohana, Khoja), while minority are baloch and brahui. Majority are Muslim 98% while In Minority are Hinduism And Christianity.
# Caught in the Act

Caught in the Act may refer to:

## Film and television

* Caught in the Act (1931 film), a comedy film directed by Hanns Schwarz and Georges Tréville
* Caught in the Act (1941 film), an American comedy film directed by Jean Yarbrough
* Caught in the Act (1997 film), a comedy film starring Sara Crowe, Annette Badland, Nadia Sawalha and Paul Shelley
* Caught in the Act (2008 film), a comedy film written by and starring Steve Speirs as the lead character
* "Caught in the Act" (Frasier), a 2004 episode of Frasier
* "Caught in the Act" (The Goodies), a 1970 episode of The Goodies
* "Caught in the Act" (Modern Family), a 2011 episode of Modern Family
* "Caught in the Act"(The Outer Limits), a 1995 episode of The Outer Limits
* COPS: Caught in the Act, a 2004 DVD release of the American documentary television show COPS
* Caught In The Act, a sketch comedy series produced by David Dillehunt from 1999 to 2004

## Music

* Caught in the Act (group), a half English, half Dutch boy group

### Albums

* Caught in the Act (Michael Bublé album), 2005
* Caught in the Act (Debra Byrne album), 1991
* Caught in the Act (Eric Church album), 2013
* Caught in the Act by Cinderella, reissue title of Live at the Key Club, 1999
* Caught in the Act (Commodores album), 1975
* Caught in the Act (Didirri album), 2023
* Caught in the Act, Eric Gable album, 1989
* Caught in the Act, Steve Gibbons Band album, 1977
* Caught in the Act (Grand Funk Railroad album), 1975
* Caught in the Act (Pamyua album), 2003 album by Pamyua
* Caught in the Act (Redgum album), 1983
* Caught in the Act (Styx album), 1984

### Songs

* "Caught in the Act", song by Chaka Khan from I Feel for You (1985)
* "Caught in the Act", song by Redgum from Caught in the Act (Redgum album) (1983)

## Other

* In flagrante delicto, Latin legal term for being caught in the commission of an offense
* Garfield: Caught in the Act, a 1995 game for the Sega Genesis
* Caught in the Act (ballet), 2000 ballet by Tim Rushton
* Caught in the Act or Kilroy Was Here, a rock opera film by Styx
# Dozdak

Dozdak or Dezdak or Dazdak (Persian: دزدک) may refer to:
* Dozdak-e Olya, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province
* Dozdak-e Sofla, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province
* Dozdak-e Kuchek, Fars Province
* Dazdak, Gilan
* Dozdak, Lahijan, Gilan Province
* Dezdak, Kohgiluyeh, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province
* Dozdak, Dana, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province
* Dozdak, Nowshahr, Mazandaran Province
* Dozdak, Sari, Mazandaran Province
# Hwangbo Che-gong

Hwangbo Che-gong (Korean: 황보제공; Hanja: 皇甫悌恭) of the Hwangju Hwangbo clan (황주 황보씨) was a nobleman in the Early Kingdom of Goryeo periods. He was the father of Queen Sinjeong and become the fourth father in-law of Taejo of Goryeo also the maternal grandfather of Daejong of Goryeo and Queen Daemok. He served as Grand Commandant (태위; 太尉; taewi), a senior first rank official. He also held the position of a Threefold Great Rectifer (삼중 대광; 三重 大匡; samjung taegwang) and become the founder of Hwangju Hwangbo clan.

## In popular culture

* Portrayed by Park Jung-woong in the 2002–2003 KBS TV series The Dawn of the Empire.
* Portrayed by Woo Sang-jeon in the 2015 MBC TV series Shine or Go Crazy.
# Daniah Hagul

Daniah Hagul (born 7 February 1999) is a Libyan swimmer. She competed at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro. She was the only woman to compete for Libya at the 2016 Olympics.

## Early life

Hagul's parents, Bashir and Samira moved to Malta in the 1990s. The family would spend summer holiday's on Hagul's grandfather's farm in Azzahra, Libya. Hagul began swimming at age 3 or 4 and started seriously training in the sport at age 12 at the Neptunes Water Polo & Swimming Club of St Julians, Malta. She has earned entry into Mount Kelly school in the United Kingdom, a school which has produced a number of Olympic swimmers.

## Career

The political climate in Libya presented some obstacles to Hagul's competitive swimming career. In Libya, women are discouraged from wearing swimwear in public, making female competitive swimmers rare but not unprecedented. Following political upheaval in 2011, the Libyan Swimming Federation and Libyan Olympic Committee have struggled with funding. Swimming pools and clubs also became scarce in Libya after 2011. In spite of the challenges she faced, Hagul qualified for the FINA World Swimming Championships 2015 in Kazan, Russia where she competed in the 100 metre and the 50 metre breaststroke events. Hagul achieved a personal best time of 1:28.59 in the 100 metre breaststroke. She placed 68th in the event.
After her national swimming federation was not able to finance Hagul's trip to Rio de Janeiro for the Olympics. To finance the trip, Hagul turned to a crowdfunding campaign which proved successful. Hagul was the only woman to compete for Libya at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro. She competed at the 2016 Summer Olympics in the women's 100 metre breaststroke event; her time of 1:25.47 in the heats did not qualify her for the semifinals.
# Jalalvand

Jalalvand (Persian: جلالوند) may refer to:
* Jalalvand-e Olya
* Jalalvand-e Sofla
* Jalalvand Rural District
# Hassan Rahimpour Azghadi

Hassan Rahimpour-Azghadi (Persian: حسن رحیم‌پور ازغدی, born c. 1964/1965) is an Iranian conservative public speaker, conspiracy theorist and ideologue. He has been a member of Iran's Supreme Council of the Cultural Revolution since 2003.

## Early life and career

Rahimpour-Azghadi was born in 1964 or 1965. He has studied at the Qom Seminary, although he does not wear clerical clothing.
He edited a journal of the Feyziyeh School named Ketab-e naghd (lit. 'Book of Criticism'), and published a special issue in 2000 dedicated to a critical look at feminism.
Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei appointed him as a member of the Supreme Council of the Cultural Revolution in 2003, and a member of the Council of Representatives of the Supreme Leader in Universities in 2007.
Rahimpour-Azghadi regularly makes public speeches which are aired by Iran's state television on a weekly basis.

## Views and reception

He is considered among the new generation of fundamentalist public speakers who, without an in-depth religious education, tries to mix conspiracy theories with theological assertions in order to theorize the establishment in Iran and its policies and provide it with a Shi'ite ideological justification. Rahimpour-Azghadi is also regarded as a leading advocate of the "ruling clergy" and the "governmental-Shi'ism" discourse in Iran, a political reading of Islam which intends to manipulate and control seminaries, in contrast to the Shia traditional orthodoxy which favors independence from the government.
Ali Mirsepassi, a professor at the New York University College of Arts & Science, describes Rahimpour-Azghadi as "one of the current arch-hardline ideologues of the Islamic Republic [government of Iran]". According to Mehdi Khalaji, he advises Ali Khamenei on social issues.
Since he has not published any academic works, his credentials has been questioned by critics, to which he has responded "I have a postdoc in book reading". In 2012, he claimed that Western countries are alarmed about him and a joint team of American, British and Israeli intelligence agencies wanted to assassinate him.
Politically, Rahimpour-Azghadi is a conservative and was a supporter of Mahmoud Ahmadinejad during his administration, describing him as "a guerrilla committed to the front of the poor people of the world" who led "the most popular government in Iran's history". He is also a staunch enemy of the Reformists and has condmened presidents Mohammad Khatami and Hassan Rouhani.

### Islam in southern Europe

Rahimpour-Azghadi witnessed many Bosnian Muslim women wearing the hijab inside mosques only and kissing their imam on the cheek. In 2005, he remarks that this was very amusing.
# Syed Muhammad Saqlain Shah Bukhari

Syed Muhammad Saqlain Shah Bukhari (Urdu: سید محمد ثقلین شاہ بخاری; born 1 January 1961) is a Pakistani politician who had been a member of the National Assembly of Pakistan, from June 2013 to May 2018.

## Early life

He was born on 1 January 1961.

## Political career

He ran for the seat of the National Assembly of Pakistan as a candidate of Pakistan Muslim League (N) (PML-N) from Constituency NA-182 (Layyah-II) in 2002 Pakistani general election but was unsuccessful. He received 32,247 votes and lost the seat to Malik Niaz Ahmed Jhakkar, a candidate of Pakistan Peoples Party (PPP).
He was elected to the National Assembly as a candidate of PML-N from Constituency NA-182 (Layyah-II) in 2008 Pakistani general election. He received 75,910 votes and defeated Malik Niaz Ahmed Jhakkar, a candidate of Pakistan Muslim League (Q) (PML-Q).
He was re-elected to the National Assembly as a candidate of PML-N from Constituency NA-182 (Layyah-II) in 2013 Pakistani general election. He received 85,292 votes and defeated Malik Niaz Ahmed Jhakkar, a candidate of PPP. During his tenure as Member of the National Assembly, he served as Federal Parliamentary Secretary for Planning and Development and Inter Provincial Coordination.
He ran for the seat of the National Assembly of Pakistan as a candidate of Pakistan Muslim League (N) (PML-N) from Constituency NA-188 (Layyah-II) in 2018 Pakistani general election but was unsuccessful. He received 95,910 votes and was defeated by Malik Niaz Ahmed Jhakkar, a candidate of Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf (PTI).
# Aleksei Semyonov (footballer, born 1983)

Aleksei Vladimirovich Semyonov (Russian: Алексей Владимирович Семёнов; born 12 April 1983) is a Russian former professional footballer.

## Club career

He made his debut in the Russian Premier League in 2007 for FC Khimki.
# Sergey Gauthier

Sergey Vladimirovich Gauthier (Russian: Сергей Владимирович Готье; born September 23, 1947 in Moscow, Soviet Union) is a Russian surgeon and transplantologist, Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences (since 2013), Academician of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences (since 2011), Chief Transplantologist of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Doctor of Medical Sciences (Dsc).
Since 2008 Director of the V.I. Shumakov National Medical Research Center of Transplantology and Artificial Organs of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation.
Also since 2008, he heads the Department of Transplantology and Artificial Organs at the I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University.
He graduated from the I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University in 1971, and he defended his Candidate's Dissertation in 1976.
Academician S.V. Gauthier is the author more than 700 scientific works.
# L'Atelier de Joël Robuchon (Miami)

L'Atelier de Joël Robuchon is a Michelin-starred French restaurant in Miami's Design District, Florida. According to The Infatuation, the fine dining establishment has a "cool, futuristic interior and counter seating with a great view of the open kitchen".

## Reception

In 2023, Thrillist included the business in lists of Miami's 15 most romantic restaurants and 12 best places to eat alone.
# Fatemeh Hosseini

Sayyideh Fatemeh Hosseini (Persian: سیده فاطمه حسینی, born 1 April 1985) is an Iranian Reformist politician. She was a member of the Parliament of Iran, representing Tehran, Rey, Shemiranat and Eslamshahr, from 2016 to 2020. Hosseini was the youngest member of the 10th Parliament of Iran.
She is daughter of Safdar Hosseini.

## Career
### Electoral history

| Year | Election | Votes | % | Rank | Notes |
| 2016 | Parliament | 1,218,727 | 37.53 | 10th | Won |
# Aden TV

Aden TV (Arabic: قناة عدن) is the second public national television channel in Yemen. The station is based in Aden. It was established in 1964 by British protection in Aden following Aden Emergency. It started broadcasting on 11 September 1964. At the time of launch, it was the third television station in the Arabian Peninsula. The channel was suspended for a brief period in 2015, resuming its broadcasts Riyadh later that year.
# A. Polak Daniels

Ansel Polak Daniels (2 August 1842, The Hague - 1 April 1891, The Hague) was a Dutch chess master.
He won the Dutch Championship at The Hague 1877, and also won at The Hague 1878; he took 7th at The Hague 1881 and Rotterdam 1883. Polak was the son of Meijer Polak Daniels and Alida Ezechiels and was married to Elise Marchand.
# Nazer and Manzur

Nazer and Manzur (Persian: ناظر و منظور) is a poem written by Safavid era Persian poet Vahshi Bafqi, notable for featuring a romantic relationship between two men. Nazer is son of the Vizier who falls in love with Manzur, the King's son.
# Hillcrest Village

Hillcrest Village is a neighbourhood located in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It is located in the northern district of North York. It is bordered by Finch to the South, Leslie Street to the West, Steeles to the North and Victoria Park to the East. Both neighbourhoods share the Don Valley as a point of reference in the Eastern border of the neighbourhoods.
The Don valley provides a hillside landscape in the east end of the neighbourhood. In conjunction with Duncan Creek and numerous parks the area has some natural splendour.

## Demographics

Hillcrest Village is home to one of Toronto's most popular Chinese areas. The top ethnicity in the area is by far Chinese and most recent immigrants to the area continue to arrive from China, Hong Kong and Korea. While there is social housing in the area and a large percentage of residents earning low incomes, many residents earn incomes in the top tax brackets. The 75%+ home ownership rate is another indicator of affluence in the area.
For comparison reasons, one of the census tracks within Hillcrest has roughly 64% of immigrant, 34% non-immigrant, and 2% non-permanent residents in the 2011 National Household survey. With a small increase in immigrant numbers from 2006, it is quite unnoticeable considering the large number of residents within Hillcrest Village.

## Education

Three public school boards operate schools in Hillcrest Village. The Toronto Catholic District School Board (TCDSB) is a separate public school board, whereas Conseil scolaire Viamonde (CSV) and Toronto District School Board (TDSB) are secular public school boards, the former being French first language school board, and the latter being English first language school board. Elementary schools in Hillcrest Village that are operated by the aforementioned school boards includes:
* Arbor Glen Public School (TDSB)
* Cliffwood Public School (TDSB)
* Cherokee Public School (TDSB)
* Cresthaven Public School (TDSB)
* École élémentaire Paul-Demers (CSV)
* Highland Middle School (TDSB)
* Hillmount Public School (TDSB)
* Our Lady of Mount Carmel Catholic School (TCDSB)
TDSB is presently the only public school board to operate a secondary school in the neighbourhood, A. Y. Jackson Secondary School.
In addition to primary and secondary institutions, Hillcrest Village is also home to Seneca College's Newham Campus. Seneca is a public post-secondary institution. In addition to its campus in Hillcrest Village, the college also has campuses throughout Greater Toronto.

## Transportation

The Toronto Transit Commission provides public transportation for the area. The TTC operates several bus routes through the neighbourhood, including the 42 Cummer, 53 Steeles East, 51 Leslie, 25 Don Mills, 39 Finch East, and 24 Victoria Park bus routes. In addition to the TTC, York Region Transit buses also along Don Mills Road en route to York Region, primarily serving Seneca College's Newnham Campus.
# Henry Hugh Clutton

Henry Hugh Clutton (12 July 1850 – 9 November 1909) was an English surgeon who described painless symmetrical hydrarthrosis (an accumulation of water in the cavity of a joint), especially of the knee joints: seen in congenital syphilis. The ailment is called "Clutton's joints." He is commemorated by the Clutton Medal and Prize, awarded for excellence in Clinical Surgery at St Thomas's Hospital, King's College School of Medicine and Dentistry.
He was born in Saffron Walden, Essex, the son of Ralph Clutton, and educated at Marlborough College and Clare College, Cambridge.
He was elected the last President of the Clinical Society of London in 1905.
Clutton died at 2 Portland Place, London, and is buried there in Brompton Cemetery.
# Aristocrat (disambiguation)

An aristocrat is typically a member of landed social class with inherited titles, heraldry and privileges.
Aristocrat and aristocracy can also refer to:

## Books, theatre, film and TV

* The Aristocrats, a 1901 novel by Gertrude Atherton
* The Aristocrat, a 1917 play by Louis N. Parker
* The Aristocrat, a 1927 memoir by Martin Boyd
* The Aristocrats, a 1977 novel by Gwen Davis
* Aristocrats, a 1979 play by Brian Friel
* Aristocrats: Caroline, Emily, Louisa, and Sarah Lennox, a 1994 biography by Stella Tillyard
* "The Aristocrats", a famous joke most often told by comedians to comedians
* The Aristocrats (film), a 2005 documentary film about the joke
* Aristocrats (TV series), a 1999 BBC television miniseries
* The Aristocrats (comics) (Italian: Gli Aristocratici), an Italian comic book series

## Music

* Aristocrat Records, label active from 1947 to 1951, renamed to Chess Records
* The Aristocrats (band), a rock supergroup
** The Aristocrats (album), an eponymous album
* "Aristocrat", song by Nü Sensae
* "Aristocrat", song by New Politics (band) written by Sam Hollander
* "Aristocrat", song by Poppy from Am I a Girl?
* "Aristocrats", song by Jacob Anderson

## Organisations

* Fredrikstad F.K., a Norwegian football club nicknamed "The Aristocrats"
* The Aristocrat restaurant chain, founded by chef Engracia Cruz-Reyes in Manila, the Philippines
* Aristocrat Leisure, a slot machine manufacturer

## Other

* Aristocrat (fashion), a fashion style from Japan
* Aristocrat, a liquor brand marketed by Heaven Hill