OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Walter Maddocks

Walter Maddocks (died 1823) was an English stage actor and singer. He was born in Chester and was originally a schoolmaster before becoming a professional actor in the provinces appearing at the Theatre Royal, Norwich and elsewhere before he arrived at the Theatre Royal, Drury Lane in 1789. He remained with the Drury Lane company for three decades, playing supporting roles in a wide variety of productions. His wife, billed as Mrs Maddocks, appeared alongside him in provincial theatre and at Drury Lane. His surname is sometimes written as Maddox or Mattocks.

## Selected roles

* Alfred in False Colours by Edward Morris (1793)
* Jones in The Box-Lobby Challenge by Richard Cumberland (1794)
* Saunders in The Jew by Richard Cumberland (1794)
* Penruddock's Servant in The Wheel of Fortune by Richard Cumberland (1795)
* Harry in The Dependent by Richard Cumberland (1795)
* Peasant in Edwy and Elgiva by Fanny Burney (1795)
* Thomas in The Man of Ten Thousand by Thomas Holcroft (1796)
* Hilario in Aurelio and Miranda by James Boaden (1798)
* Steward in The Secret by Edward Morris (1799)
* Occier in Adelaide by Henry James Pye (1800)
* Steward in Julian and Agnes by William Sotheby (1801)
* Music Master in Fashionable Friends by Mary Berry (1802)
* Bailiff in The Marriage Promise by John Allingham (1803)
* Landlord in The School for Friends by Marianne Chambers (1805)
* Harald in Rugantino by Matthew Gregory Lewis (1805)
* Captain McIntyre in The Siege of St Quintin by Theodore Hook (1808)
* Jonathon in Grieving's a Folly by Richard Leigh (1809)
# Attock Cantonment

Attock Cantonment (Urdu: اٹک اردوگاه) is a cantonment adjacent to the city of Attock (known as Campbellpore 1849-1979) in Punjab province, Pakistan.
The Attock Cantonment was established by the British as a military base in 1858 under the name of Campbellpore Cantonment, and later underwent further development as a British military outpost. The cantonment today features numerous community services and landmarks such as schools, colleges, shopping malls, hospitals, residential areas, as well as a specialized Center for the Pakistan Army.
# Serranus baldwini

Serranus baldwini, the lantern bass, is a species of marine ray-finned fish, a sea bass from the subfamily Serraninae, classified as part of the family Serranidae which includes the groupers and anthias. It is found in the western Atlantic Ocean. The lantern bass is found in the aquarium trade.

## Description

Serranus baldwini has a cylindrical and elongated body, which is laterally compressed to a moderate extent and has a snout which has a length which is shorter than the diameter of the eye. There are 3 well-developed spines on the gill cover, with the middle spine being the largest and straightest. The preopercle has a regularly serrated edge. The dorsal fin contains 10 spines and 11-13 soft rays, while the anal fin has 3 spines and 7 soft rays. The caudal fin is slightly concave. The body is white broken by lines of dark to orange oblong-shaped blotches and spot. There is a noticeable row of dark, oblong blotches along the lower flank. There is a further row of 4 black spots on the caudal peduncle. Fish from deeper water have a red, orange or yellower hue compared to the paler fish from shallower water. This species attains a maximum total length of 12.0 centimetres (4.7 in).

## Distribution

Serranus baldwini is found in the western Atlantic Ocean where it ranges from Jacksonville, Florida southwards along the Florida coast and around the Bahamas. Its range extends into the Gulf of Mexico including the Florida Keys and northwards. It is also found along the Mexican coast from Campeche and on the northern coast of the Yucatán Peninsula and from northwestern Cuba throughout the Caribbean, and along the coast of Central America and South America as far south as São Paulo in Brazil.

## Habitat and biology

Serranus baldwini is a marine reef-associated species, living in rocky and weedy areas at a depth of 1 – 80 m. It shows a strong association with beds of turtle grass (Thalassia testudinum), although juveniles use the empty shells of conches to hide in. It is a territorial species which feeds on shrimps and smaller fishes. It is synchronously hermaphroditic, i.e. fish can be either male or female when spawning but the social structure involves a territorial fish which is the largest of the group functionally male and a harem of hermaphrodites. The male fish is the most successful at producing offspring by mating as a male with the hermaphrodites but the hermaphrodites also mate with each other but do not have the quantity of progeny that the male fish is able to father.

## Taxonomy

Serranus baldwini was first formally described as Prionodes baldwini by the American ichthyologists Barton Warren Evermann (1853-1932) and Millard Caleb Marsh (1872-1936) with the type locality given as Culebra, Puerto Rico. The specific name honours the artist on the expedition of December 1898 aboard the United States Fish Commission steamer Fish Hawk to Puerto Rico which collected the type, Albertus Hutchinson Baldwin (1865-1935).

## Utilisation

Serranus baldwini is used within the aquarium trade.
# Typhlacontias gracilis

Typhlacontias gracilis, Roux's blind dart skink, is a species of lizard which is found in Namibia, Zimbabwe, Botswana, and Zambia.
# Thorild Olsson

Thorild Olsson (26 November 1886 – 19 March 1934) was a Swedish runner who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics in Stockholm. He helped the Swedes win Silver in the men's 3000 m teams race. Each team consisted of 5 runners starting simultaneously, but only the placings of the first 3 in each team counted. The final consisted of teams from the USA, Sweden and Great Britain. USA won the event with places 1, 3 and 5 while the Swedes, with Thorild Olsson 2nd, Ernst Wide 4th and Bror Fock 7th, took silver. Olsson's time of 8:44.6 would have been a world record before the 1912 games. (Translated from Swedish by his grandson, who has seen photos of him finishing second.)
# Alexander L. George

Alexander L. George (May 31, 1920 Chicago – August 16, 2006 Seattle) was an American behavioral scientist. He was the Graham H. Stuart Professor of Political Science Emeritus at Stanford University. He made influential contributions to political psychology, international relations, and social science methodology.

## Life

His parents were Assyrians from Urmia in north-west Persia. He earned undergraduate and graduate degrees at the University of Chicago, where he received his doctorate in political science in 1958.
George appropriated the term process tracing from psychology in 1979 to describe the use of evidence from within case studies to make inferences about historical explanations.
According to David A. Hamburg he was among the first to lead behavioral scientists into studying the "very painful and dangerous" issues of nuclear crisis management during the Cold War era and to carry knowledge directly to policy leaders. George "focused a great deal of attention on reducing nuclear danger," he added. "I regard him as a truly great scholar and human being."

## Awards

* 1975 Bancroft Prize
* 1983 MacArthur Foundation Fellowship
* 1997 NAS Award for Behavior Research Relevant to the Prevention of Nuclear War from the National Academy of Sciences.
* 1998 Johan Skytte Prize in Political Science
* 2000 membership to the American Philosophical Society

## Works

* Alexander L. George; Juliette L. George (1964). Woodrow Wilson and Colonel House: a personality study. Courier Dover Publications. ISBN 978-0-486-21144-2. Alexander L George.
* The Chinese Communist Army in Action; The Korean War and Its Aftermath. Columbia University Press. 1969. ISBN 978-0-231-08595-3.
* Alexander L. George; Richard Smoke (1974). Deterrence in American Foreign Policy: Theory and Practice. Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0-231-03838-6. Richard Smoke.
* Managing U.S.-Soviet Rivalry: Problems of Crisis Prevention. Westview Press. 1983. ISBN 978-0-86531-500-6.
* Alexander L. George; Philip J. Farley; Alexander Dallin, eds. (1988). U.S.-Soviet security cooperation: achievements, failures, lessons. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-505398-2.
* Alexander L. George; Yaacov Bar-Siman-Tov, eds. (1991). Avoiding war: problems of crisis management. Westview Press. ISBN 978-0-8133-1232-3.
* Forceful persuasion: coercive diplomacy as an alternative to war. United States Institute of Peace Press. 1991. ISBN 978-1-878379-14-6.
* Alexander L. George; Juliette L. George (1998). Presidential personality and performance. Westview Press. ISBN 978-0-8133-2591-0.
* Alexander L. George; Andrew Bennett (2005). Case studies and theory development in the social sciences. MIT Press. ISBN 978-0-262-57222-4.
* On Foreign Policy: Unfinished Business. Paradigm Publishers. 2006. ISBN 978-1-59451-264-3.
* George, Alexander/Simons William E., 1994: The Limits of Coercive Diplomacy, Colorado/Oxford: Westview Press
# Richard Wilson (stage actor)

Richard Wilson (1744–1796) was an English stage actor. He was born in Durham. After featuring in provincial theatre in Northern England and Scotland he appeared as King Lear at the Theatre Royal, Edinburgh in 1772, gaining a reputation thereafter for performing in comedies. In 1775 he joined the company of the Theatre Royal, Covent Garden in London and performed there and at the Haymarket on and off for the remainder of his career. In 1795 he was imprisoned for debt at the King's Bench Prison in Southwark and died the following year. His wife was the actress Sarah Maria Wilson.

## Selected roles

* Governor Harcourt in The Chapter of Accidents by Sophia Lee (1780)
* Sir Hornet Armstrong in Duplicity by Thomas Holcroft (1781)
* Colonel Sparwell in The World as it Goes by Hannah Cowley (1783)
* Evergreen in More Ways Than One by Hannah Cowley (1783)
* Gasper in A Bold Stroke for a Husband by Hannah Cowley (1783)
* Priest in The Fate of Sparta by Hannah Cowley (1788)
* Servant in The Regent by Bertie Greatheed (1788)
* Rummer in The German Hotel by Thomas Holcroft (1790)
* Sir Andrew Acid in Notoriety by Frederick Reynolds (1791)
* Sir Paul Peckham in The School for Arrogance by Thomas Holcroft (1791)
* John Dory in Wild Oats by John O'Keeffe (1791)
* Mr Sulky in The Road to Ruin by Thomas Holcroft (1792)
* Sir Charles Cullender in Cross Partners by Elizabeth Inchbald (1792)
# Esteban Munrás

Esteban Carlos Munràs (1798–1850) was a Spanish-born Californio artist, best known for his vibrantly colored frescoes that adorn the church at Mission San Miguel Arcángel in San Miguel, California.

## Early life

Esteban Carlos Munràs was born in Barcelona in 1798, to Salvador Munràs and Engràcia Estany. Having studied art in his native Spain, Munràs immigrated to the Alta California as a young man, ultimately making his home in its capital, Monterey.
Munrás was a dealer in cattle hides and tallow, the products of his Rancho San Vicente. He built Casa Munrás, the first home to be constructed outside the walls of the El Presidio Reál de San Carlos de Monterey, where he established a thriving trading house attached to the family home. Munrás imported fine household furnishings and necessities to the earliest settlers in Monterey, California's first capital.
His wife, Catalina Manzanelli de Munrás, was grantee of Rancho Laguna Seca and Rancho San Francisquito.

## Career

At the request of mission priest Father Juan Cabot, also a native of Barcelona, Munrás traveled to Mission San Miguel Arcángel, north of Paso Robles, in the early 1820s. Various religious-themed scenes (known as the "Munrás murals") were painted by the local Salinan Indians under Munrás' direction.
His designs reflected the Neo-Classical tastes of the period, and the reredos (main altarpiece) reflects knowledge of an artist who had seen the fashionably decorated churches in Mexico of that era. The interior has remained untouched and has been preserved in its original state.
Munrás died in 1850 in Monterey. His dying wish was for his wife Catalina Munrás to subdivide their Rancho San Vicente into a town. She went on to found Soledad, California.

## Personal life

Esteban Munrás was married to Catalina Manzanelli y Ponce de León. They had children including Concepción Munrás McKee.
# Spreckels Sugar Company

The Spreckels Sugar Company is an American sugar beet refiner that for many years controlled much of the U.S. West Coast refined sugar market. It is currently headquartered in Brawley, California.

## History

The Spreckels Sugar Company was founded by entrepreneur, industrialist, newspaper publisher, and railroad executive Claus Spreckels (1828–1908) in February 1899. He founded the company town of Spreckels, California, just south of the city of Salinas, California, in 1897, but his descendants began to relinquish control when they started selling homes in the community to the public c. 1925. In 1891, Henry O. Havemeyer, who controlled the American Sugar Refining Company (The Sugar Trust), bought half of the stock of the Western Sugar Company, thus giving his company control of the Hawaiian sugar and of the markets west of the Mississippi River. When it was completed in 1899, Spreckels' "Factory 1" was the largest sugar refinery in the United States and the third-largest in the world. Shipping to and from the plant was mostly by a private Spreckels-owned narrow-gauge railroad system connecting to the docks at Moss Landing, California. The factory was just north of the Salinas River at 36°37′7″N 121°39′5″W﻿ / ﻿36.61861°N 121.65139°W﻿ / 36.61861; -121.65139.
On Claus Spreckels' death, his second son Adolph B. Spreckels (1857–1924) assumed the management of Spreckels Sugar Company. Adolph's wife's nephew, Charles Edouard de Bretteville, eventually took over as head of the company and in 1949 led a group that purchased control. In 1963, the family sold their interests to Amstar. In 1987, a management team bought out the Spreckels Sugar Division; in 1996, it was sold to Imperial Holly Corp. of Sugar Land, Texas, who owned it until 2005 when it was sold to Southern Minnesota Beet Sugar Cooperative of Renville, Minnesota.
Spreckels Boulevard outside Salinas, as well as Spreckels Road outside King City, California, and Spreckels Boulevard in Manteca, California, still bear witness to the mark Spreckels Sugar made in the area.
American author John Steinbeck worked on ranches owned by Spreckels Sugar throughout the Salinas Valley in the early 1920s.
# Margarethe Quidde

Margarethe Quidde (née Jacobson; 11 June 1858 – 25 April 1940) was a German cellist, writer, music educator, and pianist.

## Early life

Margarethe Jacobson was born in Königsberg in 1858, the daughter of Julius Jacobson (or Jacobsohn), an eye specialist, and Hermine Haller Jacobson, an opera singer. She studied piano, cello, voice, and composition as a young woman, in Prussia and later in Berlin with Woldemar Bargiel and Robert Hausmann. She pursued further training on the cello with Carlo Alfredo Piatti from 1880 to 1882, in Cadenabbia. She corresponded about her musical education with Joseph Joachim.

## Career

Margarethe Jacobson was a professional musician in Vienna and Munich as a young woman, before she married in 1882. Although she gave up her performing career, she continued as a music writer for the Munich Free Press, translator, and critic. She taught cello, and played cello and piano in small ensembles in Munich. She was active in the German peace movement before World War I, and involved with the Alliance for Radical Ethics; the Quiddes also founded an organization for animal welfare.
Her writings included Legislation and Science (1883), Heretics from the Bayreuth Sanctuary (1897), translations of Ouida, and a 1904 criticism of Isadora Duncan's controversial dances to Beethoven music: "She [Duncan] appears to have no feeling for the fact that musical works of art, born of pure artistic feeling as ends in themselves, are not to be degraded as means to other ends."

## Personal life

Margarethe Johnson married German historian and politician Ludwig Quidde in 1882. He won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1927. In 1933, Ludwig Quidde fled to Switzerland, in fear of Nazi persecution for his pacifism and other affiliations; Margarethe stayed in Munich to care for a sick sister. This was especially dangerous for her, because her father was Jewish. She died in Munich in 1940, aged 81 years, from heart failure.
# Kreinik

Kreinik (Arabic: كرينك), or Al Kuraynik or Kereneik, is a town in West Darfur, Sudan, located 50 miles (80 km) east of Geneina.

## History

Kreinik has been the site of inter-communal conflict, with clashes between Arab nomads and the Masalit tribe, and massacres committed against the Masalit people. The conflict has led to civilian casualties and displacement.
During the War in Darfur, it served as a refugee camp for Masalit civilians who fled massacres by the Arab Janjaweed militias. In 2012, armed militias seized farms in the town. Following the 2021 Darfur clashes, many refugees from Kreinik fled and settled in Foro Baranga.
In December 2021, dozens were killed in tribal clashes. On 24 April 2022, a thousand militants murdered more than 200 people in the Kreinik massacre, while the town was torched including the town's hospital. A Médecins Sans Frontières team returned to Kreinik in December 2022 to rebuild the destroyed hospital.
During the 2023 War in Sudan between the Rapid Support Forces (RSF) and the Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF), the town has been under control of the RSF, as has most of West Darfur. In November 2023, the RSF in Kereneik, imposed a ban on civilians crossing into Chad, citing the restoration of regional security. Violators faced hefty fines. This followed widespread violence against civilians, with accusations against the RSF of fuelling violence and committing war crimes in West Darfur. The RSF and allied Arab militias imposed exorbitant penalties on those transporting civilians to Chad. Since then, the area has been isolated since 2023, with the main supply route closed off by the Sudanese Armed Forces. This has made it difficult for humanitarian aid to reach the area. Despite the challenges, aid agencies have been working to provide support, including food, shelter, and medical assistance.

## Demographics

Kreinik is inhabited mostly by the Masalit, the biggest ethnic group in West Darfur. It became home to many displaced ethnic black Masalit communities in the 2000s and the 2010s.
# Kuwait at the 1992 Summer Olympics

Kuwait competed at the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona, Spain. 32 competitors, all men, took part in 18 events in seven sports.

## Competitors

The following is the list of number of competitors in the Games.
| Sport | Men | Women | Total |
| Athletics | 4 | 0 | 4 |
| Fencing | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Football | 19 | – | 19 |
| Judo | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| Shooting | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| Swimming | 3 | 0 | 3 |
| Weightlifting | 1 | – | 1 |
| Total | 32 | 0 | 32 |

## Athletics

Men's 110m Hurdles
* Zeiad Al-Kheder
   * Heats — 14.51 (→ did not advance)
Men's Triple Jump
* Marsoq Al-Yoha
   * Qualification — 16.75 m (→ did not advance)
Men's Javelin Throw
* Ghanim Mabrouk
   * Qualification — NM (→ did not advance)
Men's Hammer Throw
* Waleed Al-Bakheet
   * Qualification — 63.94 m (→ did not advance)

## Fencing

One fencer represented Kuwait in 1992.

### Men's épée

* Mohamed Al-Hamar
# Leslie Lipson

Leslie M. Lipson (November 14, 1912 – August 11, 2000) was an American political scientist who was an expert in democracy and comparative government, and worked as a professor at universities in New Zealand and the United States. He was also a regular commentator on politics for media outlets such as PBS and the San Francisco Chronicle.
Lipson was born in Britain in 1912, and was a student at St Paul's School, London. He attended Balliol College, Oxford, and graduated with First-class honors in Classics and Literae Humaniores ("Greats"). Lipson moved to America after receiving a Commonwealth Fund Fellowship to complete a PhD in political science at the University of Chicago.
After finishing his doctorate, Lipson moved to Wellington, New Zealand, in 1939, to found a Department of Political Science at Victoria University of Wellington. He taught at Victoria for seven years, and in 1948 published a landmark book on New Zealand politics called The Politics of Equality: Adventures in New Zealand’s Democracy. Lipson argued that political and economic equality were the defining features of the country, and, in comparison to the Statue of Liberty in New York, suggested that "In New Zealand, if any sculptured allegory were to be placed at the approaches of Auckland or Wellington harbor, it would assuredly be a statue of Equality." The Politics of Equality was republished in 2011, and is still considered an essential work on New Zealand’s early political development.
Lipson moved back to the United States in 1947, taught at Swarthmore College for two years, and then was a professor at UC Berkeley from 1950 until his retirement in 1984. He received several teaching awards from students while at UC Berkeley, and was given the Berkeley Citation in 1980 for his service to the university.
Lipson’s published works included The American Governor: From Figurehead to Leader (1939), The Great Issues of Politics (1954), which became a standard introductory text, The Democratic Civilization (1964), and The Ethical Crises of Civilization: Moral Meltdown or Advance? (1993). He also published articles in American Political Science Review, The Political Quarterly and The Journal of Politics. Lipson’s papers are held at the Bancroft Library at UC Berkeley.
# Thomas Robson (actor)

Thomas Robson (1737–1813) was a British stage actor and singer. Born as Thomas Robson Brownhill in Hull in 1737, he began his career in provincial theatre appearing in Norwich in the late 1760s. In 1769 he was at the Richmond Theatre and the following year made his London debut at the Theatre Royal, Haymarket then under the management of Samuel Foote. He originated roles of several of Foote's new farces, and also appeared the Orchard Street Theatre in Bath and the Smock Alley Theatre in Dublin over the next few years. In 1776 he joined the company of the Theatre Royal, Covent Garden and remained there until 1782, appearing in over a hundred roles. His last known roles in London were at the Haymarket in 1784.
Later in life he was a driving force behind the construction of the Theatre Royal, Margate from 1786 to provide entertainment for the growing Kent coastal town. He died in Richmond, Surrey in 1813 according to The Gentleman's Magazine.

## Selected roles

* Colonel Secret in The Lame Lover by Samuel Foote (1770)
* Achates in Dido by Thomas Bridges (1771)
* Harcourt in Percy by Hannah More (1777)
* Courtall in The Belle's Stratagem by Hannah Cowley (1780)
# José Noriega

Don José Noriega (March 19, 1796 – May 30, 1869) was a Spanish-born Californio ranchero and politician. He served as Alcalde of San José (mayor) and was a prominent landowner in the Bay Area.

## Biography

Noriega was born on 19 March 1796 in Asturias, Spain. He emigrated to Alta California as part of the Híjar-Padrés colony in 1834.
Noriega served as Alcalde of San José (mayor) for a one term in 1839.
Noriega was the grantee of numerous rancho grants, including Rancho Los Méganos in 1835, Rancho Las Positas in 1839, and Rancho Quito in 1841. He purchased Rancho Cañada de los Vaqueros in 1847.
He died on 30 May 1869 and is buried at Oak Hill Memorial Park.

## Personal life

He was married to Manuela Fernández de Noriega, daughter of José Zenon Fernandez, who also came with Híjar-Padrés colony in 1834. They had one daughter Enedina Noriega, who was married to José Villar.
# Limpopo (gunboat)

Limpopo was a gunboat built for the Portuguese Navy in England in 1890. It was in service in Ajuda, São Tomé, and Cape Verde. In 1904, the boat was used in a battle against a Russian squadron in Tigres Bay. For a time it was commanded by famous Portuguese geographer Carlos Viegas Gago Coutinho.
It was taken out of active use in 1939 and decommissioned in 1943.