OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Australasian shoveler

The Australasian shoveler (Spatula rhynchotis) is a species of dabbling duck in the genus Spatula. It ranges from 46 to 53 cm (18 to 21 in). It lives in heavily vegetated swamps. In Australia it is protected under the National Parks and Wildlife Act 1974. They occur in southwestern and southeastern Australia, Tasmania, and New Zealand. The male has a blue-grey head with a vertical white crescent in front of the eyes.

## Naming

The common name for the species Spatula rhynchotis is Australasian shoveler no matter which country it is found in. It was previously categorised as two subspecies:
* S. rhynchotis rhynchotis Australian shoveler, the nominate race, occurs in southwestern and southeastern Australia and Tasmania.
* S. rhynchotis variegata New Zealand shoveler, occurs in New Zealand.
Other names used include: spoonbill, shoveler, spoony, spoonie and shoveller. The Māori name is kuruwhengi.
The Australasian shoveler was described by the English ornithologist John Latham in 1801.

## Courtship and breeding in New Zealand

Courtship in New Zealand starts around August which involves vocalisations from the drake (male) accompanied with head-bobbing whilst swimming toward the duck (female). The most heard vocalisations are from the drakes in the form of a "Sock, sock-sock, sock, sock-sock". Often several drakes will pursue an already paired duck: Generally the mated males are aggressive and will not tolerate this behavior from the bachelors, and fighting may ensue. Courtship flights are common in the morning and evenings mostly, where the duck is followed in a short rapid flight by one or more (usually two) drakes. This tests the speed and agility of the drakes. The duck may be biased in picking the 'winner' in these tests however, especially if she has paired with one of the competitors. She will even sometimes excrete mid-flight on a pursuing male if he is especially not to her fancy. There is a clear and unexplained sex ratio difference with a lot more males to females. This difference is not present in broods of ducklings however. Males with a lot of white breast feathers are not usually paired. These white feathers are often a sign of an older shoveler as first year males almost never have them. Mating will occur as early as August, though nesting rarely happens until at least October.

## Gallery

* Female adult at Lake Monger
* Female - Scotland Heights Waterfowl Park
* Male adult at Lake Monger
* Male - Scotland Heights Waterfowl Park
* Male - Queen Elizabeth Park, New Zealand

## Footnotes

* ↑ BirdLife International (2016). "Spatula rhynchotis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T22680243A92852551. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22680243A92852551.en. Retrieved 12 November 2021.
* 1 2 3 Clements, J. (2007)
* ↑ "Australasian shoveler". New Zealand Birds Online. 2013. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
* ↑ Latham, John (1801). Supplementum indicis ornithologici sive systematis ornithologiae (in Latin). London: Leigh & Sotheby. p. lxx.
* ↑ J. J. Holland. New Zealand Shoveler Observations. 2009
# Peter Giger

Peter Giger (born April 12, 1939, in Zurich) is a Swiss percussionist and bandleader, formerly of the band de:Dzyan.
# Landspítali

The Landspítali – The National University Hospital of Iceland (Icelandic: Landspítali – Háskólasjúkrahús) offers a wide range of clinical services in outpatient clinics, day patient units, inpatient wards, clinical laboratories and other divisions. Landspítalinn also operates the psychiatric hospital Kleppur.

## History

The original Landspítali began operations on 20 December 1930. Ideas for a hospital that served the whole country was not new; in 1863, Jón Hjaltalín, the then Director of Health, proposed a bill that would establish such a hospital, but the bill was not voted on.
During the period from 1863 to 1930, several hospitals operated in Reykjavík. The founding of Landspítali was the product of a long, hard struggle in which women were at the forefront and have ever since played a huge role in the country's hospital matters. In 2000, the Reykjavik City Hospital merged with Landspítali, and the new merged hospital was renamed as Landspítali University Hospital (Landspítali háskólasjúkrahús; LSH) until it reverted to its original name in 2007.
Approximately 70% of Icelandic children are born in the hospital.
# Communauté d'agglomération Grand Lac

Communauté d'agglomération Grand Lac is the communauté d'agglomération, an intercommunal structure, centred on the town of Aix-les-Bains. It is located in the Savoie department, in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region, southeastern France. Created in 2017, its seat is in Aix-les-Bains. The name Grand Lac refers to the Lac du Bourget. Its area is 300.0 km$^2$. Its population was 76,759 in 2019, of which 30,463 in Aix-les-Bains proper.

## Composition

The communauté d'agglomération consists of the following 28 communes:
* Aix-les-Bains
* La Biolle
* Bourdeau
* Le Bourget-du-Lac
* Brison-Saint-Innocent
* Chanaz
* La Chapelle-du-Mont-du-Chat
* Chindrieux
* Conjux
* Drumettaz-Clarafond
* Entrelacs
* Grésy-sur-Aix
* Méry
* Montcel
* Motz
* Mouxy
* Ontex
* Pugny-Chatenod
* Ruffieux
* Saint-Offenge
* Saint-Ours
* Saint-Pierre-de-Curtille
* Serrières-en-Chautagne
* Tresserve
* Trévignin
* Vions
* Viviers-du-Lac
* Voglans
# Max Walters

Stuart Max Walters (23 May 1920 – 11 December 2005) was a British botanist and academic.
Walters was educated at Penistone Grammar School and St John's College, Cambridge, where he took a first-class degree in natural sciences. As a conscientious objector in the Second World War, he worked as a hospital orderly in Sheffield and Bristol. He was Curator of the Herbarium, Botany School, University of Cambridge 1949–73, Lecturer in Botany 1962–73, and for the ten years up until his retirement, 1973–83, Director of the University Botanic Garden in Cambridge, of which he wrote a history. He was a Research Fellow at St John's (1948-51) and Fellow of King's College, Cambridge (1964–84).
He was the author of numerous books on plants and flowers, most notably the 1964 Atlas of the British Flora (with Franklyn Perring) and as a co-editor of Flora Europaea. He wrote two well-known books for the New Naturalist library, Wild Flowers (1954, co-written with John Gilmour) and Mountain Flowers (1956, with John Raven). He was much involved in the research and management of Wicken Fen. After his retirement, he wrote a biography of Darwin's teacher and friend, John Stevens Henslow, Darwin's mentor (2001).
Walters was a committed Christian who was much involved both in the local life of the Church of England (he was a churchwarden at Grantchester for many years) and in the application of Christian principles to national and social life: he was a Christian socialist and also a Christian pacifist, and as such was a leading member of the Fellowship of Reconciliation and also active in the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament.
# Terry Rawlings

Terence Rawlings (4 November 1933 – 23 April 2019) was an English film and sound editor. With over 70 feature film credits between 1962 and 2004, he was most noted for his work with directors such as Ridley Scott, Ken Russell, and Martin Campbell.
Rawlings was nominated on six occasions for the BAFTA Award for Best Editing, as well as Academy Award nomination for his work on Chariots of Fire (1981). The Motion Picture Editors Guild described him as “the ‘phantom’ hand behind great movies.”

## Career

A founding member of the Guild of British Film and Television Editors, Rawlings was also elected to membership in the American Cinema Editors, and received the organization's 2006 Career Achievement Award. He was nominated for an Oscar for his work on Chariots of Fire and for BAFTAs for both Alien and Blade Runner.

## Personal life and death

He lived in north London with his wife. He died at his home in Hertfordshire on 23 April 2019, at the age of 85.

## Filmography

* The Sentinel (1977)
* Watership Down (1978)
* Alien (1979)
* The Awakening (1980)
* Chariots of Fire (1981)
* Blade Runner (1982) (credited as "supervising editor". Despite being the film's editor, British citizen Rawlings was not allowed a full editor credit because he did not belong to an American film labor union)
* Yentl (1983)
* Legend (1985)
* F/X (1986)
* White of the Eye (1987)
* The Lonely Passion of Judith Hearne (1987)
* Slipstream (1989)
* Bullseye! (1990)
* Not Without My Daughter (1991)
* Alien 3 (1992)
* No Escape (1994)
* Trapped in Paradise (1994)
* GoldenEye (1995)
* The Saint (1997)
* U.S. Marshals (1998)
* Entrapment (1999)
* The Musketeer (2001)
* The Core (2003)
* The Phantom of the Opera (2004)

## Awards and honours

* 1970 - Nominated for BAFTA Award for Best Sound Track for Isadora and Women in Love.
* 1980 - Nominated for BAFTA Award for Best Editing for Alien.
* 1982 - Nominated for BAFTA and Academy Award for Best Film Editing for Chariots of Fire.
* 1983 - Nominated for BAFTA Award for Best Film Editing for Blade Runner.
* 2003 - Won DVDX Award for Best Audio Commentary (shared with Ridley Scott, Ronald Shusett, Sigourney Weaver, Tom Skerritt, Veronica Cartwright, Harry Dean Stanton and John Hurt)
* 2006 - Received the American Cinema Editors Career Achievement Award.
# Comrade Chkalov Crosses the North Pole

Comrade Chkalov Crosses the North Pole (Russian: Переход товарища Чкалова через Северный полюс, romanized: Perekhod tovarishcha Chkalova cherez severnyy polyus) is a 1990 Soviet short comedy film directed by Maksim Pezhemsky. It was screened in the Un Certain Regard section at the 1991 Cannes Film Festival.

## Plot

Aviators Chkalov, Baidukov, and navigator Belyakov undertake a journey across the North Pole on foot, in a surreal retelling of the historic 1937 flight. Upon reaching the Pole, Chkalov plants the Soviet flag on the Earth's axis, causing the planet to reverse its rotation. The crew then traverses the Arctic and, in the film's conclusion, bonds with Black Canadian street sweepers. Together, they watch black fireworks against the bright sky and listen to a speech by Valery Chkalov from the 1941 film Valery Chkalov.

## Cast

* Vladimir Baranov
* Viktor Bychkov
* Semyon Furman
* Aleksandr Zavyalov
* Abdullah Khalilulin
# Sharon Kerry-Harlan

Sharon Kerry-Harlan (b. 1951) is an African-American artist active in Hollywood, Florida and Wauwatosa, Wisconsin who is known for her textile art.

## Life

Kerry-Harlan was born in Miami, Florida in 1951. She graduated with a Bachelor of Arts degree from Marquette University and studied at the Milwaukee Institute of Art & Design. She went on to work at Marquette University as an Academic Coordinator and to teach textile courses at University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee as an adjunct professor.
In 2022, her work, Portrait of Resilience, from the Flag Series, was acquired by the Smithsonian American Art Museum as part of the Renwick Gallery's 50th Anniversary Campaign.

## Exhibitions

* July-August 2019: solo exhibition at the James Watrous Gallery at the Overture Center for the Arts.
* August 2019: And Still We Rise: Race Culture and Visual Conversations exhibit at the Mariposa Museum & World Cultural Center in Oak Bluff, Massachusetts.
* 2021
** Textile Center and Women of Color Quilters Network’s juried exhibit Racism: In the Face of Hate We Resist.
** Museum of Wisconsin Art's Claiming Space Exhibition.
* 2022
** Madison Museum of Contemporary Art's exhibit Ain’t I A Woman? in celebration of the 2022 Wisconsin Triennial
** Uncovering Black History: Quilts from the Collection of Carolyn Mazloomi exhibition at the International Quilt Museum in Lincoln, Nebraska
# Norma Minkowitz

Norma Minkowitz (born 1937, New York City) is an American visual artist, known for fiber art. She is known for her crochet sculptures.
She attended Cooper Union. In 2003, she became fellow of the American Craft Council. In 2009, she received the Master of the Medium Award from the James Renwick Alliance.
Her work is in the Denver Art Museum, the Metropolitan Museum of Art, the Minneapolis Institute of Art, and the Museum of Fine Arts Boston. Her piece, Goodbye, My Friend, was acquired by the Smithsonian American Art Museum as part of the Renwick Gallery's 50th Anniversary Campaign.
# Bắc Quang district

Bắc Quang is a rural district of Hà Giang province in the Northeast region of Vietnam. As of 2019, the district had a population of 118 690. The district covers an area of 1,084 km$^2$. The district capital lies at Vĩnh Tuy.

## Administrative divisions

The district contains two towns, Việt Quang and Vĩnh Tuy, which is also the district capital, and the communes of Quang Minh, Tân Thành, Tân Quang, Tân Lập, Việt Vinh, Hùng An, Đồng Yên, Đông Thành, Vĩnh Phúc, Vĩnh Hảo, Tiên Kiều, Việt Hồng, Kim Ngẩu, Thượng Bình, Vô Điếm, Bằng Hành, Hữu Sản, Liên Hiệp, Đức Xuân, Đồng Tâm and Đồng Tiến.

## Climate

Climate data for Bắc Quang :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 31.6 (88.9) | 34.2 (93.6) | 36.0 (96.8) | 38.8 (101.8) | 40.4 (104.7) | 40.6 (105.1) | 38.5 (101.3) | 39.4 (102.9) | 38.8 (101.8) | 35.8 (96.4) | 33.9 (93.0) | 31.6 (88.9) | 40.6 (105.1) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 19.5 (67.1) | 21.1 (70.0) | 24.3 (75.7) | 28.4 (83.1) | 31.7 (89.1) | 32.8 (91.0) | 33.0 (91.4) | 33.1 (91.6) | 32.1 (89.8) | 29.2 (84.6) | 25.4 (77.7) | 21.6 (70.9) | 27.7 (81.9) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 15.8 (60.4) | 17.4 (63.3) | 20.4 (68.7) | 23.9 (75.0) | 26.6 (79.9) | 27.8 (82.0) | 27.9 (82.2) | 27.7 (81.9) | 26.5 (79.7) | 24.0 (75.2) | 20.4 (68.7) | 16.9 (62.4) | 22.9 (73.2) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 13.6 (56.5) | 15.2 (59.4) | 18.0 (64.4) | 21.2 (70.2) | 23.3 (73.9) | 24.6 (76.3) | 24.8 (76.6) | 24.6 (76.3) | 23.4 (74.1) | 21.2 (70.2) | 17.6 (63.7) | 14.3 (57.7) | 20.2 (68.4) |
| Record low °C (°F) | 0.3 (32.5) | 4.9 (40.8) | 6.0 (42.8) | 11.5 (52.7) | 16.1 (61.0) | 17.6 (63.7) | 19.4 (66.9) | 20.1 (68.2) | 15.0 (59.0) | 9.9 (49.8) | 6.1 (43.0) | 0.9 (33.6) | 0.3 (32.5) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 71.4 (2.81) | 67.5 (2.66) | 91.5 (3.60) | 237.9 (9.37) | 740.9 (29.17) | 957.3 (37.69) | 932.1 (36.70) | 622.7 (24.52) | 425.6 (16.76) | 353.4 (13.91) | 161.7 (6.37) | 78.6 (3.09) | 4,740.6 (186.64) |
| Average rainy days | 14.6 | 14.4 | 15.6 | 18.4 | 21.9 | 22.6 | 24.8 | 22.4 | 16.7 | 14.8 | 12.6 | 11.4 | 210.1 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 87.7 | 87.1 | 86.0 | 85.3 | 83.9 | 85.1 | 85.9 | 85.7 | 85.2 | 86.0 | 86.3 | 86.0 | 85.9 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 53.6 | 57.0 | 57.6 | 107.0 | 151.3 | 136.3 | 147.6 | 166.8 | 157.9 | 122.8 | 108.3 | 78.7 | 1,344.7 |
| Source: Vietnam Institute for Building Science and Technology ||||||||||||||
# Surin, Iran (disambiguation)

Surin, Iran is a village in Kurdistan Province, Iran.
Surin, Iran (Persian: سورين) may refer to:
* Soveyreh, Khuzestan Province
* Sadeyreh-ye Olya, Khuzestan Province
* Sadeyreh-ye Sofla, Khuzestan Province
# Hàm Yên district

Hàm Yên is a rural district of Tuyên Quang province in the Northeast region of Vietnam. As of 2003 the district had a population of 104,648. The district covers an area of 898 km². The district capital lies at Tân Yên.

## Administrative divisions

Thị trấn Tân Yên, xã Hùng Đức, xã Bằng Cốc, xã Thành Long, xã Thái Hòa, xã Đức Ninh, xã Thái Sơn, xã Bình Xa, xã Nhân Mục, xã Yên Phú, xã Tân Thành, xã Minh Hương, xã Phù Lưu, xã Minh Dân, xã Yên Lâm, xã Minh Khương, xã Bạch Xa, xã Yên Thuận.

## Climate

Climate data for Hàm Yên :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 32.2 (90.0) | 34.0 (93.2) | 36.9 (98.4) | 38.5 (101.3) | 41.5 (106.7) | 40.0 (104.0) | 39.4 (102.9) | 39.1 (102.4) | 38.0 (100.4) | 35.2 (95.4) | 34.3 (93.7) | 32.3 (90.1) | 41.5 (106.7) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 19.8 (67.6) | 21.1 (70.0) | 24.0 (75.2) | 28.2 (82.8) | 32.1 (89.8) | 33.3 (91.9) | 33.3 (91.9) | 33.1 (91.6) | 32.3 (90.1) | 29.6 (85.3) | 25.9 (78.6) | 22.1 (71.8) | 27.9 (82.2) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 15.7 (60.3) | 17.3 (63.1) | 20.3 (68.5) | 24.0 (75.2) | 27.0 (80.6) | 28.2 (82.8) | 28.3 (82.9) | 27.9 (82.2) | 26.7 (80.1) | 24.2 (75.6) | 20.5 (68.9) | 17.0 (62.6) | 23.1 (73.6) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 13.4 (56.1) | 15.1 (59.2) | 18.0 (64.4) | 21.4 (70.5) | 23.7 (74.7) | 25.1 (77.2) | 25.2 (77.4) | 24.9 (76.8) | 23.8 (74.8) | 21.3 (70.3) | 17.5 (63.5) | 14.1 (57.4) | 20.3 (68.5) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −0.6 (30.9) | 4.3 (39.7) | 5.4 (41.7) | 8.9 (48.0) | 16.1 (61.0) | 17.7 (63.9) | 19.5 (67.1) | 21.1 (70.0) | 15.9 (60.6) | 10.2 (50.4) | 5.1 (41.2) | 0.2 (32.4) | −0.6 (30.9) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 32.6 (1.28) | 35.2 (1.39) | 57.8 (2.28) | 123.6 (4.87) | 233.1 (9.18) | 286.4 (11.28) | 339.9 (13.38) | 321.5 (12.66) | 195.4 (7.69) | 117.1 (4.61) | 49.2 (1.94) | 28.0 (1.10) | 1,819.8 (71.65) |
| Average rainy days | 11.9 | 12.9 | 15.8 | 15.9 | 15.2 | 16.7 | 19.3 | 19.2 | 13.8 | 10.8 | 8.5 | 7.5 | 167.7 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 86.3 | 86.3 | 86.3 | 85.8 | 83.9 | 85.4 | 86.0 | 87.1 | 86.3 | 86.0 | 85.6 | 85.0 | 85.8 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 48.8 | 53.1 | 49.9 | 99.9 | 165.8 | 158.4 | 168.5 | 166.3 | 155.7 | 126.2 | 107.6 | 77.2 | 1,363.5 |
| Source: Vietnam Institute for Building Science and Technology ||||||||||||||
# Prince of Tmutarakan

The Prince of Tmutarakan (Russian: князь тмутараканский) was the title of the ruler of Tmutarakan, a principality of Kievan Rus'.

## List of princes

* Mstislav of Chernigov, 988-1036
* Sviatoslav II of Kiev
* Rostislav of Tmutarakan
* Gleb Svyatoslavich
* Volodar of Peremyshl
* Oleg I of Chernigov, 1083-1094
# Moradlu

Moradlu (Persian: مرادلو) may refer to various places in Iran:
* Moradlu, Bileh Savar, Ardabil Province
* Moradlu, Meshgin Shahr, Ardabil Province
* Moradlu, Hurand, East Azerbaijan Province
* Moradlu, Khoda Afarin, East Azerbaijan Province
* Moradlu-ye Olya, West Azerbaijan Province
* Moradlu-ye Sofla, West Azerbaijan Province
* Moradlu-ye Vosta, West Azerbaijan Province
* Moradlu District, in Meshgin Shahr County, Ardabil Province
# Screwed: The Truth About Life as a Prison Officer

Screwed: The Truth About Life as a Prison Officer is a non-fiction book written by former prison officer Ronnie Thompson (a pseudonym). The book was first published by Headline Review on 24 January 2008 in hardback.

## Contents

Screwed is Thompson's account of his time serving seven years in some of the UK's toughest jails. The action is set around "HMP Romwell", a fictional prison. Thompson created HMP Romwell to protect the identities of the establishments he worked in and the colleagues he worked with. Throughout the book, the author describes his day-to-day duties. It is a "warts and all" memoir; Thompson does not hold back his views about being a prison officer in the 21st century. He describes how his career comes to a halt when an inmate accuses him of using excessive force.

## Reception

The book led to acclaim and controversy. The book was praised by serving officers, serving prisoners, and magistrates. Debate resulted from the commonly avoided social issues Thompson deals with. Furthermore, the book's brutality and obscene vocabulary led to criticism, but Thompson insists that this is a reflection of how prison life is and how he lived. The novel also deals with themes such as the abuse of inmates by other inmates and also by prison officers. It also highlights the ways in which Thompson copes with interacting with inmates who have committed crimes involving children. He describes how he strives to endure life as a prison officer by maintaining a tough exterior, bending the occasional rule and also by being approachable. His life as a prison officer ultimately leads to strains in his marriage and has a profound effect upon his relationship with his son.

## Film adaptation

The book was adapted into a 2011 film of the same name.
# Institute of Hotel Management, Hajipur

Institute of Hotel Management, Catering Technology and Applied Nutrition, Hajipur (IHMCT&AN), generally known as IHM Hajipur, is a hospitality management school located in Hajipur, Bihar. It is run under the aegis of Ministry of Tourism, Government of India and Department of Tourism, Govt. of Bihar.

## History

An initiative of the Ministry of Tourism, Govt. of India; Institute of Hotel Management, Hajipur has been in operation since 1998. It caters to not only the students of India but also international students from the SAARC countries.
It is one of 21 central Institutes directly under the control of Ministry of Tourism, Govt. of India, and affiliated to National Council for Hotel Management & Catering Technology (NCHM&CT), Noida. The Institute awards 3-year bachelor's degrees in Hospitality & Hotel Administration, through Indira Gandhi National Open University (IGNOU), New Delhi.

## Vegetarian option

In 2016, a few of the IHMCTANs (Ahmedabad, Bhopal, Jaipur) started giving a hotel management student the option to choose only vegetarian cooking. This decision to offer a vegetarian option by IHMCTANs could possibly be the first amongst any of the hospitality training institutes of the world. It is expected that all IHMCTANs, including IHMCTAN Hajipur, will start offering a vegetarian cooking option from academic year 2018 onwards.

## Notable alumni

* Pankaj Tripathi (Actor) - After getting a diploma from the institute, Mr Tripathi worked at a Five Star hotel in Patna. Later, he went to National School of Drama, New Delhi.
# Alexander Wallace (botanist)

Alexander Wallace (1829 – 7 October 1899) was an English physician, botanist, and entomologist.
Born in London, Wallace earned at Trinity College, Oxford an MA in 1858 and an MD in 1861. He played first-class cricket there for the university club.
   He commenced practice in London, and was physician to the Middlesex Free Hospital. Afterwards he removed to Colchester, and for some years held an official appointment there, which he gave up, and started bulb growing (especially Japanese Lilies), and his sons have a very large and prosperous business of this nature at Colchester; he resumed his medical practice in the same town.
He worked as an agent for new introductions of lilies and orchids. His company "The New Plant and Bulb Company" supplied lilies to Gertrude Jekyll.
The second edition of his book Notes on lilies and their culture was published in 1879 after a first edition in 1873. For two of his essays he won prizes from the Entomological Society of London in 1865–1866 and was a member of several learned societies.
# TRG-230

TRG-230 is a family of guided missiles of 230-mm diameter designed and manufactured by Turkish company Roketsan. The original variants are surface-to-surface missiles, and an air-to-surface variant is being tested. TRG-230 missiles have a range of 20 km to 70 km and are launched from 230-mm rocket tubes. The TRLG-230 variant has laser guidance. The air-launched TRG-230-İHA has a range up to 150 km.

## Synopsis

The TRG-230 missile is designed to be used against high-priority targets within a range of 20–70 km. It can be launched from the Roketsan Multi-Barrel Rocket Launcher and other platforms with compatible interfaces.

## Variants
### TRLG-230

The TRLG-230 has an additional seeker for laser guidance. It can hit targets marked by UAVs and UCAVs. Its CEP is less than two meters.

### TRG-230-İHA

The TRG-230-İHA is an air-to-surface version that is launched from an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV; Turkish: İHA). After release from a UAV, it free-falls for a while, then autonomously ignites its solid propellant engine. It has an effective range of 20 to 150 kilometers, depending on the height and speed at which it is launched. Roketsan released a video on 16 December 2022 announcing that a Bayraktar Akıncı UCAV made the first test launch, hitting the target with precision from 100 kilometers away. The second test launch, from an Akıncı three months later, hit a target from 140 kilometers.

## Operators
### Azerbaijan

    Azerbaijani Land Forces: TRLG-230 and İHA-230 air-to-ground ballistic missile

### Bangladesh

    Bangladesh Army: TRG-230

### Ukraine

    Ukrainian Ground Forces: TRLG-230