OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# County seat war

A county seat war is an American phenomenon that occurred mainly in the Old West as it was being settled and county lines determined. Incidents elsewhere, such as in Michigan, Appalachian Ohio, and West Virginia, have also been recorded. As new towns sprang up and county lines were drawn, there was intense competition for the status and tax benefits bestowed by becoming a county seat. These "wars" often involved nothing more than lining up at the ballot box, but sometimes partisans for a particular town would resort to voter fraud, intimidation, violence, or even killings.

## History

The fight between Coronado and neighboring Leoti in western Kansas is considered the bloodiest occurrence of this phenomenon. Leoti hired lawmen Wyatt Earp and Bat Masterson from Dodge City, Kansas to help win the fight.
Another violent county seat war in Kansas resulted in the Hay Meadow Massacre in Stevens County.
Yet another Kansas county seat war resulted in the dissolution of a county when Eminence and Ravanna fought over the privilege of being the county seat for Garfield County. When people in the county suggested the county be surveyed, it was found that it was too small to be a legal county under a Kansas law established in the late 19th century (Wyandotte County had been founded before this law was passed). Garfield County was then dissolved and annexed into Finney County, which is why that county has a panhandle.
In Colorado, a silver mining boom in Grand County led to the escalation of violence when the county seat was changed from Hot Sulphur Springs to Grand Lake in 1881. Tensions increased until, in 1883, a shootout in Grand Lake led to the deaths of three county commissioners and the county clerk. The county sheriff, who had shot one of the pro-Grand Lake officials in the incident, wound up killing himself soon after the event. The county seat was moved back to Hot Sulphur Springs in 1888.
By the late 19th century, battles over county seats were settled in elections that saw voter fraud, intimidation, and heated debates, as seen in the relocation of several Washington county seats in the late 19th century: Lincoln County from Sprague to Davenport, and Snohomish County from Snohomish to Everett.
In Spokane County, an armed mob from Cheney forcibly seized county records from the elected seat of Spokane Falls (now Spokane), in 1881. Spokane became the county seat in an 1886 election.
A county seat war in Lac qui Parle, Minnesota led to a county courthouse being stolen in the night.
# Cairn Water

Cairn Water is a small river in Dumfries and Galloway, Scotland. The river, formed by the confluence of the Castlefern, Craigdarroch and Dalquhat, flows for 11.5 miles (18.5 km) southeast to the Cluden.
The Castlefairn is joined by the Craigdarroch and then by the Dalwhat, both from its left, just below the village of Moniaive in the parish of Glencairn. The confluence of these streams forms the Cairn Water. The parish is named for the river valley. The river flows east past Kirkland, then southeast to Newtonairds, where it is joined by the Old Water to form Cluden Water. Cluden Water flows east and southeast to join the River Nith just north of Dumfries. The entire stretch of river from Moniaive to the Nith is known locally as the River Cairn. The river once defined part of the boundary between Dumfriesshire to the east and Kirkcudbrightshire to the west.
* River flanked by trees on either bank
* Looking upstream from Dalgonar Bridge
* Near Stepford
# Beehive (band)

Beehive is a pop and electronica duo from Seattle, Washington. The band began as a studio project between two close friends, Alethea (AKA Butterfly Beats) and David Miller. Beehive combines the new electronic music forms with classic pop hooks and rock attitude. Songs by Beehive have been licensed by MTV shows such as Cheyenne, The Real World and Road Rules. In 2006, the band was nominated in the Seattle Weekly 2006 Music Awards. In December 2007 Beehive released their album Pretty Little Thieves and has worked with Planetary Group for radio promotion as well as Buddy Buddy for licensing and GoDigital Media Group for label representation.

## History

Beehive began while Beats and Miller were studying neurobiology together at the University of Washington. Not long after they had finished their studies, the two realized a musical career was in their future.
They started to record songs that they wrote together in a back-and-forth process, each layering on some new idea, melody or riff. Eventually, they took their work public, and found themselves performing at clubs and festivals throughout the Pacific Northwest. Their high energy live shows earned them a devoted following, and they started to get radio airplay with the release of Cycle A. "Kaiser So-Say", an instrumental track that's included on Operation Artichoke, as well as the songs, "Fear", "Love I Know" "One" and "Oath of Gold" from the demo Cycle A were licensed for MTV on the shows The Real World, Road Rules, and Cheyenne. Beehive's late 2007 release Pretty Little Thieves continues to be licensed for shows such as the CW 90210, The Real World: Hollywood, Bad Girls Club, Keeping Up with the Kardashians, The Real World, and VH1's Old Skool as well as the soundtrack to the film Loaded. Beehive's label for their album Pretty Little Thieves is GoDigital Media Group, and their licensing agent is Buddy Buddy Licensing, who started to work with Beehive in 2008.

## Members

* Alethea — laptop, keyboards, production, drums, vocals
* David Miller — guitar, slide guitar, bass, keyboards, vocals

## Discography

* Cycle A, Demo 2005
* Operation Artichoke (EP), 2006
* Pretty Little Thieves (LP), 2007. Remastered 2010
# Leptosphaeria musarum

Leptosphaeria musarum is a plant pathogen.
# Mapo saebit culture forest

Mapo Saebit culture forest (Korean: 마포새빛문화숲) is a neighbornood park located in Dagin-dong, Mapo-gu, Seoul.

## History

The park traces its origins to a railway line constructed to transport anthracite coal from Danginri Power Plant, the first power plant in South Korea. This line, a branch of the Yongsan Line, connected Seogang Station to Danginri Station and was completed in 1929. The railway operated a two-car train, providing both passenger services and anthracite freight transport.
Even after its closure, the Danginri Power Plant remained in place and continued to operate, and in 2018, efforts were made to proceed with undergrounding. The area that was created above ground during this undergrounding process is now the current park.

## Feature

The Mangwon Hangang Park, a poplar riverside park along the Han River is located nearby.
On December 16, 2022, it was connected to Mangwon Hangang Park through a pedestrian walkway and elevator.
The park is located adjacent to Gangbyeonbuk-ro, a major expressway. This location offers scenic views combining the Han River, Gangbyeonbuk-ro, and Yeouido, creating a picturesque landscape. Depending on the vantage point, the National Assembly Building is visible, and from slightly higher elevations, the iconic 63 Building can also be seen.
# Kshiroda plate

The Kshiroda plate (/ʃɪˈroʊdə/) is a hypothetical oceanic tectonic plate which is believed to have existed more than 40 million years ago, to the south of the Eurasian plate, corresponding to the regions of modern South Asia.

## Discovery

The Kshiroda plate was discovered when geologists studying the boundary zone between the Indian and Eurasian plates, noticed that the data supported the existence of two parallel subduction zones between the plates.
This was studied in detail in 2015 by Oliver Jagoutz, a geologist at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, and his team, who identified the possibilities of a hidden tectonic plate in the region.
The usage of the term "Kshiroda plate" began the same year 2015.

## Subduction

Around 50 million years ago, the Indian plate collided with the southern subduction zone of the Kshiroda oceanic plate causing the plate to shrink. It was pushed northwards and eventually collapsed more than 40 million years ago. It was pushed below the crust of the Eurasian plate and this led to the formation of the Tibetan Plateau and the Himalayas.
It is possible that the impact might have caused the delamination of the Indian plate beneath the Tibetan Plateau, a process which is still continuing.

## Significance

The Kshiroda plate has great significance in the geology of South Asia. The subduction of the plate, which occurred before 40 million years ago, caused the upliftment of the Tibetan Plateau.
The Tethys Sea bed which used to rest on the Kshiroda plate was pushed above the Eurasian landmass leading to the formation of the earliest mountains of the Himalayas, while the rest of the mountains were formed due to the folding of the Indian and Eurasian continental landmasses.
# Torino Olympic Park

Torino Olympic Park is a group of parks that was created to manage all of the venue and facilities used and built for the 2006 Winter Olympics held in Turin, Italy, and facilities surrounding the Turin region.
Facilities and locations included:
* Bardonecchia (snowboarding)
* Cesana Pariol (bobsleigh, luge, and skeleton)
* Cesana San Sicario (alpine skiing and biathlon)
* Oval Lingotto (speed skating)
* Palasport Olimpico (ice hockey)
* Palavela (figure skating and short track speed skating)
* Pinerolo (curling)
* Pragelato (cross-country skiing, Nordic combined, and ski jumping)
* Sauze d'Oulx (freestyle skiing)
* Sestriere (alpine skiing)
* Stadio Olimpico (Olympics opening and closing ceremonies)
* Torino Esposizioni (ice hockey).
# Micheon of Goguryeo

King Micheon (died 331, r. 300–331) was the 15th ruler of Goguryeo, the northernmost of the Three Kingdoms of Korea.

## Background and rise to the throne

He was the grandson of the 13th king Seocheon, and the son of the gochuga Go Dol-go, who was killed by his brother, the 14th king Bongsang.
Korean historical records say that Micheon fled and hid as a servant in a miserable life, doing menial tasks such as throwing stones into a pond throughout the night to keep his master from being awakened. It is said a year later he left that house to become salt peddler but failed to gain huge asset. Meanwhile, King Bongsang became increasingly unpopular, and court officials, led by Prime Minister Chang Jo-Ri, carried out a coup that overthrew King Bongsang, and placed King Micheon on the throne.

## Reign

Micheon continuously developed the Goguryeo army into a very powerful force. During the disintegration of China's Jin Dynasty, he expanded Goguryeo's borders into the Liaodong Peninsula and the other Chinese commanderies. Since the commanderies were nuisances to be eliminated for Goguryeo's stability, the first military campaign in 302 headed against the Xuantu Commandery, with conquering Daedong River basins of current Pyongyang. Consolidating cut-off between commanderies and Chinese mainland, Goguryeo also annexed the Lelang commandery in 313 and Daifang commandery in 314 after attacked Seoanpyeong (西安平; near modern Dandong) in Liaodong. The series of subjugation around northern Korean peninsula and Manchuria held its significance given that 400-year presence of Chinese forces was completely cleared out of Korean peninsula.
In his reign, Goguryeo was faced with growing Xianbei influence in the west, particularly the Murong tribe in Liaodong. Micheon allied with other Xianbei Duan and Yuwen tribes against the Murong, but their attack was unsuccessful. In 319, the Goguryeo general Yeo Noja (여노자; 如奴子) was taken captive by the Murong. Throughout this period, Goguryeo and the Murong attacked each other's positions in Liaodong, but neither was able to secure regional hegemony. Since both sides were at stake, Micheon sent an ambassador to the Later Zhao dynasty in 330 with a view to making a diversion against the Murong.

## Death and aftermath

Micheon died and was buried in 331 at Micheon-won, literally the "garden with beautiful stream". Twelve years later, in the reign of King Gogugwon, his remains were dug up by the Former Yan invaders, and held for ransom.

## Family

* Father: Prince Dolgo (돌고; 咄固)
** Grandfather: King Seocheon (서천왕; 西川王)
** Grandmother: Queen, of the U clan (왕후 우씨; 王后 于氏)
* Wife: Queen, of the Ju clan (왕후 주씨; 王后 周氏); taken as a hostage alongside the king's corpse in 342 when Mo Yong-hwang (모용황) invaded Goguryeo until able to return in 355.
** Son: Prince Sayu (사유, 斯由; d. 371)
** Son: Prince Mu (무; 武)
# Faysal Galab

Faysal Galab is a Yemeni-American who grew up in the suburbs of Buffalo, New York. In 2002, he was arrested as part of the War on Terror together with the other members of the "Lackawanna Six", based on the fact the group of friends had attended an Afghan training camp together a year earlier. Along with the others he was convicted of "providing support or resources to a foreign terrorist organization", and received a seven-year sentence.

## Life

Galab was born to James Galab, a steelworker at Bethlehem Steel in Lackawanna, NY. Galab graduated from high school, married and worked as a car salesman.
Taher, Moseb and Galeb all decided to leave together after Sahim Alwan made it clear he wanted to return home and was unhappy with the tone of the camp. They were driven to Quetta, and rather than wait a day for the next plane, took a bus to Karachi so they could leave Pakistan immediately.
# Munju of Baekje

Munju (?–477, r. 475–477) was the 22nd king of Baekje, one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea. His reign saw considerable disunity within Baekje following the fall of its capital in present-day Seoul.

## Background

He was the first king to rule Baekje from its new capital in Ungjin, present-day Gongju, after the Han River valley was lost to Goguryeo. He ascended to the throne after his father's death in the sack of the former Baekje capital at Hanseong.
Prior to 475, Munju served as chief minister (Sang-jwa'pyeong, 上佐平) under his father, Gaero. In the Goguryeo assault of 475, he went to Silla to request help. According to the Samguk sagi, he returned with 10,000 Silla warriors but was too late to prevent the fall of the capital.

## Reign

After the move of the capital, the Baekje power structure fell into chaos when the traditional Buyeo-descended aristocracy clashed with the local Mahan-based clans; rivalry within the old aristocracy, suppressed by previous powerful kings, resurfaced.
He sought to refortify Baekje's remaining defenses and strengthen the country's position against Goguryeo. He was successful in 476 in gaining suzerainty over the kingdom of Tamna on Jeju Island.
In the midst of this instability, the chief general and Minister of Defense, Hae Gu, took control of the military and killed Munju's brother Buyeo Gonji in 477. After this Hae Gu exercised effective rule over the country.
That year, Munju was murdered by an agent of Hae Gu.

## Family

* Father: Gaero of Baekje
* Mother: unknown
** Brother: Buyeo Gonji (餘餘昆支, ?–477) – military commander and father of 24th King of Baekje, Dongseong of Baekje. He was sent to Japan in 461 where he had a son with a Japanese woman.
** Queen: unknown
*** Buyeo Samgeol/Buyeo Imgeol (扶餘三乞/扶餘壬乞, ?–479) – 23nd King of Baekje, Samgeun of Baekje.
# Antoine Argoud

Antoine Argoud (26 June 1914 – 10 June 2004) was a French Army officer specializing in counter-insurgency during the Algerian War of Independence. Argoud's opposition to Algerian independence from France resulted in his joining of the Organisation armée secrète (OAS) and support for its use of violence in opposition to this policy.
Argoud was twice tried and convicted (the first in absentia) for his role in the attempted assassination of French President Charles de Gaulle on 22 August 1962. On 25 February 1963, while he was hiding in Munich, he was kidnapped by French secret police CRS agents at the Eden-Wolff hotel. Argoud was then smuggled to France. The next day, police in Paris found him hogtied in a panel truck behind Notre-Dame de Paris. During his interrogation, Argoud's revelations allowed the secret service to arrest Jean-Marie Bastien-Thiry and other conspirators. Thiry was later executed for masterminding the plot.
Following the second trial, Argoud was sentenced to life imprisonment for treason. He was released from prison as part of a general amnesty in June 1968. He then lived in Portugal and worked as a consultant for the Portuguese Army. He returned to France in 1974. In an interview, Argoud said he hated De Gaulle for withdrawing from Algeria and was "now ashamed of being French." In his memoirs, he admitted to personally participating in atrocities. Argoud said he'd tortured detainees and extrajudicially executed Fellaghas, whose corpses he then publicly displayed.
   "I carried out capital executions. I made them public, precisely to obtain maximum profitability from the death of a man, unlike many of my comrades. If you like, one man executed publicly among the Arabs has as much effectiveness as ten men executed clandestinely or behind the walls of a prison. Not content with executing them publicly, I left their corpses exposed in the public square."
The racist mindset which Argoud used to justify his crimes was later mentioned by French historian Marnia Lazreg in her book about the French colonial empire's use of torture:
   Quoting Colonel Antoine Argoud, a French officer who played an active role in the campaign of torture, she portrays how, in the eyes of their torturers, Algerians were not only "eminently suited for terror tactics," but "called for them; their nature needed them" by virtue of their being "primitives with savage impulses."
# Ted Lune

Ted Lune (born Harold Garnett; 18 August 1920 – 7 January 1968) was a British actor, best known for portraying Private Len Bone in the TV series The Army Game. He also worked in radio comedy and appeared in a couple of films.
He was born in Ainsworth, Lancashire. After leaving school at 15 and serving an engineering apprenticeship, he began entertaining people by, for example, reciting Stanley Holloway monologues, and he became well known in the Bolton area. He married Florence Baker in 1943, and they had two daughters, Lynne and Anne. He turned professional in 1947, taking his stage name from the River Lune that flows through Lancashire, and his older brother's name. Harold and Florence later divorced and in 1953 he married an entertainer, Valerie J. Tanner, known professionally as Valerie Joy.
In 1954, his career had stalled so he and Valerie Joy left the variety circuit and took a pub, the Raglan, in Hulme, just a short step from Hulme Hippodrome. The following year, he was called out of retirement as an emergency replacement for Frank Randle who had been taken seriously ill. Ted, not too reluctantly, left the pub to take over Randle's pantomime commitment, and later, his Blackpool season. That gave his career the boost it needed, leading to his role of Private Bone in The Army Game.
In the summer of 1965, Lune performed at Gwrych Castle where he would perform on the weekdays along with the organist Alex King in 'The Castle Show' and 'The Castle Party Night'.
He died in Selsey, Sussex, aged 47, after a long illness.

## Filmography

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 1959 | The Lady Is a Square | Harry Shuttleworth | |
| 1967 | Berserk! | Skeleton Man | |
| 1968 | Turn-up for Tony | Tramp | (final film role) |
# 1908 Kansas State Aggies football team

The 1908 Kansas State Aggies football team represented Kansas State Agricultural College (now Kansas State University) in the 1908 college football season. In their fourth year under head coach Mike Ahearn, the Aggies compiled a 6–2 record, and outscored their opponents by a combined total of 182 to 74.

## Schedule

| Date | Opponent | Site | Result |
| October 3 | Kansas Wesleyan | Manhattan, KS | W 28–5 |
| October 10 | at Kansas | McCook FieldLawrence, KS (rivalry) | L 6–12 |
| October 23 | Oklahoma | Manhattan, KS | L 4–33 |
| October 28 | Southwestern (KS) | Manhattan, KS | W 17-0 |
| November 7 | at Creighton | Omaha, NE | W 31–0 |
| November 14 | Oklahoma A&M | Manhattan, KS | W 40–10 |
| November 21 | at Washburn | Topeka, KS | W 23–4 |
| November 26 | Colorado Agricultural | Manhattan, KS | W 33–10 |
# Emmie Russell

Emmie Russell (18 August 1892 – 7 September 1987) was an early Australian orthoptist and an art collector. She was the first president of the Orthoptic Association of Australia.

## Life

Russell was born in Adelaide. Her father, William Reid Russell, was an engineer and his brother was the Australian artist John Russell. Her mother was born Emma Goldsbrough and Emmie was the third of their four children. The family moved to Sydney. She went to her last school, Presbyterian Ladies College Croydon, in 1909.
Orthoptics was new and Ringland Anderson is credited with starting its training in 1932. He cloned the syllabus that was established in Britain and began the first Australian course at the Alfred Hospital. The new field of research was attracted women applicants including his scientific secretary Diana Craig and his friend Emmie Russell.
In 1944 she was the first president of the Orthoptic Association of Australia (OAA) with Diana Craig as the OAA's first secretary. She served for two years. She and Diana Craig assisted the Royal Australian Air Force in checking the eyesight of their pilots.
Russell was awarded honorary life membership of the OAA in 1959.

## Death and legacies

Her uncle John's paintings had been championed by his cousin the Sydney artist Thea Proctor who died in 1966. As a result of their work and her interest Emmie obtained a large collection of paintings by Thea Proctor and her uncle John Russell. She donated many of them to the National Gallery of Australia and the Art Gallery of New South Wales.
The legacy of her work which she retired from in 1956 was added to as she encouraged the following generations of orthoptists. She funded and set in motion the Emmie Russell Prize that was awarded the best scientific paper presented at an OAA meeting by a new member. The first winner was Margaret Kirkland in 1957.
Russell died in Elizabeth Bay in 1987 and she left a bequest to what became the Emmie Russell Department of Orthoptics at the Royal Alexandra Hospital for Children.
# John Burnside (inventor)

John Lyon Burnside III (November 2, 1916 – September 14, 2008) was an American inventor and gay rights activist, known for inventing the teleidoscope, darkfield kaleidoscope, and the Symmetricon. Because he rediscovered the math behind kaleidoscope optics, makers of optically correct kaleidoscopes sold in the United States paid him royalties for decades. Burnside was the life partner of Harry Hay from 1962 until Hay's death in 2002. Burnside was living in San Francisco, at the time of his death on September 14, 2008, from complications of brain cancer.

## Early life

An only child born in Seattle, he was raised by his mother after his father abandoned the family. Being poor, she periodically placed her son in the care of orphanages. He served briefly in the United States Navy, and settled in Los Angeles in the 1940s.

## Gay rights activism

Burnside and Hay formed the Circle of Loving Friends in 1965, a group that promoted gay rights and gay love. In May 1966, the two were part of one of the earliest gay protest actions, a 15-car motorcade through Downtown Los Angeles protesting the military's exclusion of homosexuals. In 1967, the pair appeared as a gay couple on The Joe Pyne Show. Burnside and Hay helped plan the first gay pride parade in Albuquerque, New Mexico in 1977. In 1979, the pair, together with Don Kilhefner and Mitchell L. Walker, founded the Radical Faeries.

## Personal life

Burnside married Edith Sinclair in Los Angeles. The pair had no children. Burnside later met Harry Hay in 1963 at One, Inc. The two fell in love and became life partners. Burnside died Sunday, September 14, 2008, at the age of 91. His ashes, mixed with Hay's, were scattered in Nomenus Faerie Sanctuary in Wolf Creek, Oregon.