OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Khúc Thừa Mỹ

Khúc Thừa Mỹ (chữ Hán: 曲承美; pinyin: Qū Chéngměi; governed: 918–923 or 918–930) was a self-declared jiedushi of Tĩnh Hải quân (modern northern Vietnam) during the later part of the Third Chinese domination of Vietnam, when China entered the chaotic Five Dynasties period. He succeeded his father Khúc Hạo and tried to maintain northern Vietnam's autonomy. His rule was officially recognized by the Later Liang, thus he came to conflict with Liu Yan, the ruler of Southern Han. The Southern Han invaded in 930, capturing the capital Đại La (present-day Hanoi) with no resistance, and Khúc Thừa Mỹ was taken to Canton, where he was placed under comfortable house arrest. Chinese rule in Vietnam was thereby reestablished.
# Arayesh-E Khorshid

Arayesh-E Khorshid (Persian: آرایش خورشید; Make the Sun) is the tenth studio album by Iranian singer-songwriter and guitarist Kourosh Yaghmaei. The album includes a collection of Iranian folk songs that was released in 2000 by Ahang Rooz in Iran. It also censored one track before it was released. It features a traditional Persian folk song "Mastom, Mastom" ("Drunk, Drunk") which verse refers to an unrequited or impossible love.

## Background

Following the Islamic Revolution of 1979, Yaghmaei spent over a month for recording three Sol-e series albums. Initially this album was recorded as Sol-e 3. Where, Sol-e 1 was reissued in 1979 on CD as Parandeye Mohajer by Los Angeles-based record label Caltex Records, and Sol-e 2 was recorded with Fereydoon Foroughi and released in 1980.

## Personnel
### Musicians

* Kourosh Yaghmaei – lead vocals, guitar, bass guitar, choral, keyboard, orchestra arrangement
* Kamran Yaghmaei - rhythm guitar, drama, choral
* Kambiz Yaghmaei - keyboard, percussion, crawl
* Kaveh Yaghmaei – keyboard
* Satgin Yaghmaei – crawl
* Helen Musakhani – vocals
# Joseph Curtatone

Joseph Anthony Curtatone (born June 28, 1966) is an American politician from Somerville, Massachusetts who formerly served as the city's mayor from 2004 until 2022.

## Early life and education

Curtatone was born and raised in Somerville, Massachusetts and graduated from Somerville High School in 1984. He later earned his B.A. from Boston College in 1990, his J.D. from the New England School of Law in 1994, and his MC/MPA from Harvard Kennedy School in 2011.

## Career

After serving as an Alderman for the city of Somerville for eight years, Curtatone was elected mayor in 2003. At 38, he was the second youngest mayor in Somerville history. He concluded his ninth and final, term as mayor in 2022 after 18 years in office. In 2006, Somerville was recognized by The Boston Globe Magazine as the Best Run City in the Commonwealth. On March 1, 2021, he announced that he would not seek another term as mayor of Somerville.

### Sanctuary city

In January 2017, Curtatone reaffirmed Somerville's sanctuary city policy saying "will not waver" in the support for documented and undocumented immigrants. The city will not cooperate with President Donald Trump's executive order reducing grant funding to sanctuary cities and changing deportation standards.
# Iman Afsarian

Iman Afsarian (born 1974; Persian: ایمان افسریان) is an Iranian realist painter. He is also the artistic director, editor, author, and a critic for the prestigious Iranian quarterly art magazine Herfeh: Honarmand since its first issue in 2003.

## Background

Afsarian was born in Tehran. He took his undergraduate studies at Tehran University of Arts (now University of Art), where he graduated with a B.A. degree in painting in 1996, and later a M.A. degree in illustration in 2000.

## Works

As an artist and after entering the Iranian art movement of the 2000s, Afsarian tried to strengthen and promote what is referred to as figurative, realistic or naturalistic style of painting.

## Exhibitions and awards

Afsarian has held numerous solo exhibitions and has participated in group exhibitions in many countries such as the US, UK, Austria, Russia, and his works are included in some reputable collections. For example, in the U.S, Moscow, and the UK he has more than 5 solo participation and exhibitions in several group exhibitions. He is also the author of a two-volume book that was published in 2016 in Persian entitled: The Quest for a New Age.
# Jangal Mariala railway station

Jangal Mariala railway station (Urdu and Punjabi: جنگل مڑیالہ ریلوے اسٹیشن) is located in Jangal Mariala village, Khanewal district of Punjab province of the Pakistan.
# Mircea Buga

Mircea Buga (Romanian pronunciation:; born 11 September 1968) is a Moldovan physician and politician.

## Biography

He has a medical background and is a politician who was the Minister of Labour, Social Protection and Family of the Republic of Moldova from 30 July 2015 to 20 January 2016. Before, in the period 18 February 2015 to 30 July 2015 he was the Minister of Health of the Republic of Moldova, succeeding Andrei Usatîi (2011-2015). In the Strelets Government, he switched his place with Ruxanda Glavan, taking over the Ministry of Labour, Social Protection and Family and ceding the Ministry of Health. Mircea Buga has also been the General Director of the National Health Insurance Company (since 2009), and by that time, he was Deputy Minister of Health (2007-2009).
Since 20 November 2022 he is the First Vice President of the European Social Democratic Party.

## Personal life

Mircea Buga is married and has two children.

## Note

* ↑ Mircea Buga este noul ministru al Sănătății
# CD Cala d'Or

Club Deportivo Cala d'Or is a Spanish football team based in Cala d'Or, Santanyí, in the autonomous community of Balearic Islands. Founded in 1982, it plays in Primera Regional – Mallorca – Group A, holding home matches at Estadio Municipal de Cala d'Or, with a capacity of 2,000 seats.

## History

CD Cala d'or was founded in 1982, first reaching the fourth division in 1988, and going on to appear in a further five seasons in the category in the following 21 years.
Before the 2009–10 season started, the team withdrew from competition due to serious economic problems. After one year, it returned to official competition, in the third regional division, withdrawing again for 2012–13 season.

## Season to season

| Season | Tier | Division | Place | Copa del Rey |
| 1983–84 | 8 | 3ª Reg. | 3rd | |
| 1984–85 | 8 | 3ª Reg. | 1st | |
| 1985–86 | 7 | 2ª Reg. | 1st | |
| 1986–87 | 6 | 1ª Reg. | 1st | |
| 1987–88 | 5 | Reg. Pref. | 1st | |
| 1988–89 | 4 | 3ª | 16th | |
| 1989–90 | 4 | 3ª | 3rd | |
| 1990–91 | 4 | 3ª | 4th | First round |
| 1991–92 | 4 | 3ª | 20th | First round |
| 1992–93 | 5 | Reg. Pref. | 20th | |
| 1993–94 | 6 | 1ª Reg. | 18th | |
| 1994–95 | 7 | 2ª Reg. | 17th | |
| 1995–96 | 8 | 3ª Reg. | 15th | |
| 1996–97 | 8 | 3ª Reg. | 13th | |
| 1997–98 | 8 | 3ª Reg. | 4th | |
| 1998–99 | 8 | 3ª Reg. | 4th | |
| 1999–2000 | 7 | 2ª Reg. | 16th | |
| 2000–01 | 7 | 2ª Reg. | 17th | |
| 2001–02 | 8 | 3ª Reg. | 7th | |
| 2002–03 | 8 | 3ª Reg. | 4th | |
| Season | Tier | Division | Place |
| 2003–04 | 7 | 2ª Reg. | 6th |
| 2004–05 | 7 | 2ª Reg. | 2nd |
| 2005–06 | 6 | 1ª Reg. | 1st |
| 2006–07 | 5 | Reg. Pref. | 1st |
| 2007–08 | 4 | 3ª | 14th |
| 2008–09 | 4 | 3ª | 15th |
| 2009–10 | DNP | DNP | DNP |
| 2010–11 | 8 | 3ª Reg. | 5th |
| 2011–12 | 8 | 3ª Reg. | 13th |
| 2012–13 | DNP | DNP | DNP |
| 2013–14 | DNP | DNP | DNP |
| 2014–15 | DNP | DNP | DNP |
| 2015–16 | 8 | 3ª Reg. | 5th |
| 2016–17 | 8 | 3ª Reg. | 7th |
| 2017–18 | 8 | 3ª Reg. | 7th |
| 2018–19 | 8 | 3ª Reg. | 5th |
| 2019–20 | 8 | 3ª Reg. | 3rd |
| 2020–21 | 7 | 2ª Reg. | 9th |
| 2021–22 | 9 | 3ª Reg. | 5th |
| 2022–23 | 8 | 2ª Reg. | 6th |
| Season | Tier | Division | Place | Copa del Rey |
| 2023–24 | 8 | 2ª Reg. | 2nd | |
| 2024–25 | 8 | 1ª Reg. | | |
* 6 seasons in Tercera División
# Helene Khatskels

Helene Khatskels (Yiddish: העלענע כאצקעלס, 25 July 1882 – 26 January 1973) was a children's educator, translator and writer in the Russian Empire, Lithuania and the Soviet Union.

## Biography

The daughter of a baker, Khatskels was active as a Bundist early in her life and a supporter of the 1905 Revolution, she subsequently turned to children's education. As part of the Kultur-lige, which promoted Jewish autonomy, Khatskels produced an extensive range of works in Yiddish, including a travelogue on Palestine, “The Earth and the Universe,” published in Berlin in 1924, and translations of the work of Swedish geographer Sven Hadin. With the suppression of the Kultur-Lige and other institutions of Jewish autonomy by Lithuanian authorities in the 1920s her work turned to teaching. Forced to flee following the German occupation of Lithuania, she returned to her birthplace after World War Two. She set up a Yiddish school for orphans, but this was closed in 1950 as part of the wider anti-cosmopolitan campaign at the end of Stalin's rule. In 1955 she was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labour and finished her career teaching Russian literature at secondary school level, retiring in 1966.

## Works

* The sun has not woken yet, the Dutch are still asleep (English translation)
* די נאטור ארום אונז און מיר אליין : א לערנבוך פאר פאלקשולן (Di naṭur arum unz un mir aleyn a lernbukh far folkshuln), 1922, Yiddish Book Center
# Myrmoxenus

Myrmoxenus is a genus of ants in the subfamily Myrmicinae. The genus was synonymized under Temnothorax by Ward et al. (2015), but the change was not accepted by Heinze et al. (2015) due to insufficient available data.

## Species

* Myrmoxenus adlerzi (Douwes, Jessen & Buschinger, 1988)
* Myrmoxenus africana (Bernard, 1948)
* Myrmoxenus algeriana (Cagniant, 1968)
* Myrmoxenus bernardi (Espadaler, 1982)
* Myrmoxenus birgitae (Schulz, 1994)
* Myrmoxenus corsica (Emery, 1895)
* Myrmoxenus gordiagini Ruzsky, 1902
* Myrmoxenus kraussei (Emery, 1915)
* Myrmoxenus ravouxi (André, 1896) Ravoux's slavemaker ant
* Myrmoxenus stumperi (Kutter, 1950)
* Myrmoxenus tamarae (Arnol'di, 1968)
* Myrmoxenus zaleskyi (Sadil, 1953)
# Finance Directorates

The Scottish Government Finance Directorates are a group of civil service Directorates in the Scottish Government created by a December 2010 re-organisation.
The individual Directorates within the overarching Finance Directorates report to the Director-General, Alyson Stafford CBE.

## Ministers

There is no direct relationship between Ministers and the Directorates. However, in general, the activities of the Directorates include those under the purview of the Cabinet Secretary for Finance and the Constitution.

## Directorates

The overarching Scottish Government Directorates were preceded by similar structures called "Departments" that no longer exist (although the word is still sometimes used in this context).
As an overarching unit, the Finance Directorates incorporate the:
* Scottish Procurement and Commercial Directorate - Director: Alistair Merrill
* Legal Services Directorate - Director & Solicitor to the Scottish Government: Murray Sinclair
* Planning & Environmental Appeals Directorate - Director & Chief Reporter: Lindsey Nicoll
* Parliamentary Counsel Office - Director: Andy Beattie

## History

Prior to the creation of the Finance Directorates in 2010, many of their responsibilities were undertaken by the Scottish Government Finance and Corporate Services Directorates and prior to 2007 by the Scottish Executive Finance and Central Services Department.
# Jefferson and His Time

Jefferson and His Time is a six-volume biography of US President Thomas Jefferson by American historian Dumas Malone, published between 1948 and 1981. His work on the series gave Malone a reputation as "the world's leading Jefferson scholar". For the fifth volume, he was awarded the 1975 Pulitzer Prize for History.

## Volumes

* Malone, Dumas (1948). Jefferson the Virginian. Vol. I. Charlottesville, Virginia: Little, Brown and Company. ISBN 978-0316544740. OCLC 1823927.
* Malone, Dumas (1951). Jefferson and the Rights of Man. Vol. II. Charlottesville, Virginia: Little, Brown and Company. ISBN 978-0316544733.
* Malone, Dumas (1962). Jefferson and the Ordeal of Liberty. Vol. III. Charlottesville, Virginia: Little, Brown and Company. ISBN 978-0316544757.
* Malone, Dumas (1970). Jefferson the President: First Term, 1801–1805. Vol. IV. Charlottesville, Virginia: Little, Brown and Company. ISBN 978-0316544672.
* Malone, Dumas (1974). Jefferson the President: Second Term, 1805–1809. Vol. V. Charlottesville, Virginia: Little, Brown and Company. ISBN 978-0316544658.
* Malone, Dumas (1981). The Sage of Monticello. Vol. VI. Charlottesville, Virginia: Little, Brown and Company. ISBN 978-0813923666.
# Pannonian Croatia (NUTS-2)

Pannonian Croatia (Croatian: Panonska Hrvatska) is one of the four NUTS-2 regions of Croatia since 2021. The region is located in the continental part of the country, including eight counties of Croatia. The most populated cities in the region are Osijek, Slavonski Brod, Karlovac and Sisak. It accounts for 41% of the country's territory and 26% of the population. Pannonian Croatia is the poorest NUTS-2 region in Croatia with GDP PPS per capita at 40% of EU-27 average.
# Ohama Kagetaka

Ohama Kagetaka (小浜景隆, c. 1540–1597) was a Japanese pirate during the latter part of the Sengoku period and the Azuchi–Momoyama period of Japan. He operated in the Shima Province area (now part of Mie Prefecture), and later commanded naval forces for both Takeda Shingen and Tokugawa Ieyasu before his death in 1597 at the age of 57.

## History

Ohama operated as a pirate chief in the area that is present-day Ohama-cho in Toba, Mie Prefecture. He held great power in the Ise Bay area as well as being very influential over the Kitabatake clan, which held the governorship of the Ise Province.
Ohama controlled the Kitabatake family's pirates and owned an atakebune, but was defeated by Kuki Yoshitaka, who had allied with Oda Nobunaga in his bid to unify Shima Province. Subsequently, Ise Bay was overrun.
In 1571, Kagetaka received an invitation from Tsuchiya Sadatsuna, a retainer of Takeda Shingen, to build a navy for the Takeda clan, He became an admiral with a fleet composed of one 'atakebune' and fifteen smaller vessels. After the demise of Shingen, Kagetaka served under Takeda Katsuyori in the Battle of Omosu against the Hojo clan.
In 1582, after the collapse of the Takeda clan, Kagetaka then served as an admiral for Tokugawa Ieyasu and was awarded a fief of 1,500 koku in Suruga Province. Thereafter, together with Mukai Masatsuna and Mamiya Takanori, he served under the command of Honda Shigetsugu in sea and land operations.
In 1584, at the Komaki-Nagakute campaign, he caused trouble at sea for the forces of Hashiba Hideyoshi.
In 1590, after the transfer of Ieyasu to the Kantō, Kagetaka was further awarded 3,000 koku in Sagami and Kazusa provinces. He was stationed in the village of Misaki in the Miura District, Kanagawa of Sagami Province at the entrance to Edo Bay.
Kagetaka became the chief of "the Misaki Group of Four", The Ohama clan, along with Mukai, Mamiya, and Chika clans. The residence of Kagetaka in Misaki was located on the remains of the residence of Nanjō Masaharu, the former lord of Misaki Castle and a retainer of Hōjō Ujichika.
Kagetaka died in 1597 at the age of fifty-eight. In the ninth month of 1600, his son, Mitsutaka, participated in the Battle of Sekigahara.
# William John Tout

William John Tout (1870–1946) was Labour MP for Oldham, a two-member constituency.
Tout began working in a cotton mill in Burnley at the age of ten, initially as a half-timer. He opposed the half-time system, and took part in the Burnley Weavers' Association's campaigns against it. This activity gradually brought him to prominence, and in 1911, Tout was elected as the general secretary of the Todmorden Weavers' Association. Four years later, he was elected as vice-president of the Amalgamated Weavers' Association, to which the Todmorden union was affiliated. He also served on the executive of the United Textile Factory Workers' Association.
Tout stood as a UTFWA-sponsored candidate in Oldham at the 1922 general election, winning the seat, and held it in 1923. He lost his seat in 1924, possibly as a result of Labour standing two candidates. He stood unsuccessfully again at the 1925 Oldham by-election. He then won Sowerby from the Unionists in 1929, but lost it in 1931.
Out of Parliament, Tout retained his trade union posts until 1945, and remained secretary of the Todmorden Weavers until his death the following year.
# Epinephelus cifuentesi

Epinephelus cifuentesi, the olive grouper, is a species of marine ray-finned fish of the Family Serranidae and subfamily Epinephelus. It is found in the Eastern Pacific Ocean off the coasts of Costa Rica and the Galápagos Islands. It inhabits deep-water rocky reefs between 40–120 m in depth.

## Description

It is described to have a convex head shape with a fusiform lateral body shape and truncate caudal fins. Its body is covered with ctenoid scales and has a distinct coloration of pale brown with a greenish sheen, fins are a darker brown than the body and have a blue-green sheen. It has a maximum length of 100 cm and a weight of around 22.3 kg.
# SOGEPA

SOGEPA (Societé de Gestion de Participations Aéronautiques) is a French holding company owned completely by the French Republic. It is one of the largest public bodies investing in European aerospace technology, indirectly owning 10.09% shares of Airbus as of 31 September 2023.
It was under supervision of Agence des participations de l'État.
In 2014, SOGEPA became one of the major shareholders of PSA Peugeot Citroën (now Stellantis).
# Anavryta Experimental Gymnasium

The Anavryta Experimental Gymnasium (Greek: Πειραματικό Γυμνάσιο Αναβρύτων), also simply referred to as Anavryta is an experimental, co-educational, public gymnasium located in the area of Maroussi in Athens, Greece. It is in the same complex as the Anavryta Experimental Lyceum.
# Canet, Hérault

Canet (French pronunciation: ) is a commune in the Hérault department in southern France.

## Geography

The neighboring communes are Aspiran, Brignac, Clermont-l'Hérault, Nébian, Le Pouget, Pouzols, Saint-André-de-Sangonis, and Tressan.
Situated along the Hérault River, it is located approximately 6 km from Clermont-l'Hérault.

### Climate

In 2010, the climate of the commune is classified as a frank Mediterranean climate, according to a study based on a dataset covering the 1971-2000 period. In 2020, Météo-France published a typology of climates in mainland France in which the commune is exposed to a Mediterranean climate and is part of the Provence, Languedoc-Roussillon climatic region, characterized by low rainfall in summer, very good sunshine (2,600 h/year), a hot summer 21.5 °C (71 °F), very dry air in summer, dry conditions in all seasons, strong winds (with a frequency of 40 to 50% for winds > 5 m/s), and little fog.
For the 1971-2000 period, the average annual temperature was 14.7 °C (58 °F) with an annual atmospheric temperature of 16.4 °C (62 °F). The average annual total rainfall during this period was 679 mm, with 6.1 days of precipitation in January and 2.7 days in July. For the subsequent period of 1991 to 2020, the average annual temperature observed at the nearest weather station, located in the commune of Saint-André-de-Sangonis, 5.44 kilometres (3 mi) away as the crow flies, is 15.5 °C (60 °F), and the average annual total rainfall is 652.4 mm.
For the future, climate parameters for the commune projected for 2050, based on different greenhouse gas emission scenarios, can be consulted on a dedicated website published by Météo-France in November 2022.
# Elizabeth Donald (painter)

Elizabeth Donald (1858–1940) was a British/New Zealand painter.

## Overview

Donald’s work spans across continents and cultures, reflecting her unique personal journey from the United Kingdom to New Zealand.

## Early life and education

Unfortunately, there is limited information available about Elizabeth Donald’s early life and education.

## Legacy

Her works continue to be studied and admired for their unique blend of British and New Zealand influences. The maker's first piece to be offered at auction was "The young fencer" at Christie's South Kensington in 2005.
# Kato technique

The Kato technique (also called the Kato–Katz technique) is a laboratory method for preparing human stool samples prior to searching for parasite eggs.

## Indications

The Kato technique is now most commonly used for detecting schistosome eggs. It has in the past been used for other helminth eggs as well. It cannot be used to identify hookworm eggs because they collapse within 30 to 60 minutes of preparation using this method. One study of 299 subjects infected with Schistosoma mansoni found that the method had poor reproducibility and is therefore no longer recommended for primary health care settings: the problem may be that eggs of S. mansoni tend to clump together which means that even slides prepared from the same specimen may contain widely different egg counts. A comparison with the point-of-care circulating cathodic antigen (POC-CCA) method showed that the Kato technique was less sensitive. The other main argument against the Kato technique is that it is messy and therefore exposes technicians to an unnecessarily high risk of infection.

## Method

The published methods vary in detail, but generally involves a standardized amount of sieved feces being examined under light microscopy, and subsequently get a standardized count of the amount of eggs therein, in terms of number of eggs per gram. It can possibly involve staining the fecal sample.

## History

It was developed in 1954 by Japanese medical laboratory scientist Dr. Katsuya Kato (1912–1991). The technique was modified for use in field studies in 1972 by a Brazilian team of researchers led by Brazilian parasitologist Naftale Katz (b.1940), and this modification was adopted by the WHO as a gold standard for multiple helminth infections.
# Erdős conjecture on arithmetic progressions

Erdős' conjecture on arithmetic progressions, often referred to as the Erdős–Turán conjecture, is a conjecture in arithmetic combinatorics (not to be confused with the Erdős–Turán conjecture on additive bases). It states that if the sum of the reciprocals of the members of a set A of positive integers diverges, then A contains arbitrarily long arithmetic progressions.
Formally, the conjecture states that if A is a large set in the sense that
$\sum _{n\in A}{\frac {1}{n}}\ =\ \infty ,$
then A contains arithmetic progressions of any given length, meaning that for every positive integer k there are an integer a and a non-zero integer c such that $\{a,a{+}c,a{+}2c,\ldots ,a{+}kc\}\subset A$.

## History

In 1936, Erdős and Turán made the weaker conjecture that any set of integers with positive natural density contains infinitely many 3 term arithmetic progressions. This was proven by Klaus Roth in 1952, and generalized to arbitrarily long arithmetic progressions by Szemerédi in 1975 in what is now known as Szemerédi's theorem.
In a 1976 talk titled "To the memory of my lifelong friend and collaborator Paul Turán," Paul Erdős offered a prize of US$3000 for a proof of this conjecture. As of 2008 the problem is worth US$5000.

## Progress and related results

Erdős' conjecture on arithmetic progressions can be viewed as a stronger version of Szemerédi's theorem. Because the sum of the reciprocals of the primes diverges, the Green–Tao theorem on arithmetic progressions is a special case of the conjecture.
The weaker claim that A must contain infinitely many arithmetic progressions of length 3 is a consequence of an improved bound in Roth's theorem. A 2016 paper by Bloom proved that if $A\subset \{1,..,N\}$ contains no non-trivial three-term arithmetic progressions then $|A|\ll N(\log {\log {N}})/\log {N}$.
In 2020 a preprint by Bloom and Sisask improved the bound to $|A|\ll N/(\log {N})^{1+c}$ for some absolute constant $c>0$ .
In 2023 a new bound of $\exp(-c(\log N)^{1/12})N$ was found by computer scientists Kelley and Meka, with an exposition given in more familiar mathematical language by Bloom and Sisask, who have since improved the exponent of the Kelly-Meka bound to $\beta =1/9$, and conjectured $\beta =5/41$, in a preprint.