OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dinitz conjecture

In combinatorics, the Dinitz theorem (formerly known as Dinitz conjecture) is a statement about the extension of arrays to partial Latin squares, proposed in 1979 by Jeff Dinitz, and proved in 1994 by Fred Galvin.
The Dinitz theorem is that given an n × n square array, a set of m symbols with m ≥ n, and for each cell of the array an n-element set drawn from the pool of m symbols, it is possible to choose a way of labeling each cell with one of those elements in such a way that no row or column repeats a symbol. It can also be formulated as a result in graph theory, that the list chromatic index of the complete bipartite graph $K_{n,n}$ equals $n$. That is, if each edge of the complete bipartite graph is assigned a set of $n$ colors, it is possible to choose one of the assigned colors for each edge such that no two edges incident to the same vertex have the same color.
Galvin's proof generalizes to the statement that, for every bipartite multigraph, the list chromatic index equals its chromatic index. The more general edge list coloring conjecture states that the same holds not only for bipartite graphs, but also for any loopless multigraph. An even more general conjecture states that the list chromatic number of claw-free graphs always equals their chromatic number. The Dinitz theorem is also related to Rota's basis conjecture.
# Andrew H. Mickle

Andrew Hutchins Mickle (October 25, 1805 – January 25, 1863) was the 67th Mayor of New York City from 1846 to 1847.

## Biography

Mickle was born in New York City. As a young man he married the daughter of George B. Miller, a tobacco dealer, afterwards working in his father-in-law's firm.
The George B. Miller & Co. tobacco business became famous as one of the first makers of the fine cut variety of chewing tobacco. Mickle eventually inherited the business and renamed it A. H. Mickle & Sons. He expanded the firm and its product line, and became wealthy as a result.
A Democrat affiliated with the Tammany Hall organization, in 1845, he won election as Mayor of New York City, taking advantage of a four-way race to win with a plurality. After serving one two-year term Mickle declined to run for reelection and returned to his business interests.
Mickle died in Bayside, Queens on January 25, 1863. He was buried at Green-Wood Cemetery in Brooklyn.
# National Gay Newspaper Guild

The National Gay Newspaper Guild is an organization of LGBT newspapers located in the United States.
Through Rivendell Media, the guild gathers statistics on the readership of the member publications.

## Member publications

* Bay Area Reporter
* Bay Windows
* Between the Lines
* Dallas Voice
* Frontiers
* Philadelphia Gay News
* San Francisco Sentinel
* Washington Blade
* Windy City Times
# All for Nothing (band)

All for Nothing is a Rotterdam band consisting of five members. The music consists of punk rock, metal and hardcore influences.

## History

The debut album Start At Zero was released in July 2004 by Tocado Records. Start At Zero was written as a four-man formation. The recording took place under the direction of Patrick DeLabie in Studio 195.
After positive reactions to their debut, the band performed with bands from the United States, the Netherlands and Germany, Bane, Comeback Kid, and Parkway Drive.
In the autumn of 2005 frontwoman Cindy van der Heijden joined the ranks and took the lead vocals for her account. On 26 September 2006 bassist Normen Sam-Sin left the band after 6 years. Badr van der Meijden took over his role.
At the end of 2006, the recordings of the Can't Kill What's Inside album took place at the Waterfront Studio in Rotterdam. Mixing took place in 'de Studio' in Belgium and mastering was done in the United States by Alan Douches.
In August 2007 both guitarist Melvin Sam-Sin and bass player Badr van der Meijden stopped for personal reasons with All for Nothing. Shortly after their departure they were replaced by Abdulla Al-tamimi (former Throwing Bricks) as bassist, and Sebastiaan Buijsman (former Samaritan) as guitarist.
In March 2014 they started a tour through China, where they performed with other bands. The tour ended on April 21.

## Members
### Current band members

* Roel van der Sluis - drummer (2015–present)
* Ernst-Jan Smits - guitarist (2002–present)
* Cindy van der Heijden - vocalist (2005–present)
* Joost van Laake - bassist (2013–present)
* Tim van Tilburg - guitarist (2015–present)

### Former band members

* Richard van Liessum - drummer (2002 - 2011)
* Marcel Helder - guitarist (2002 - 2004)
* Leon van Dongen - vocalist (2004 - 2005)
* Normen Sam-Sin - bassist (2002 - 2006)
* Badr van der Meijden - bassist (2006 - 2007)
* Melvin Sam-Sin - guitarist (2004 - 2007)
* Sebastiaan Buijsman - guitarist (2007 - 2012)
* Abdulla Al-tamimi - bassist (2007 - 2012)
* Jim van de Kerkhof - drummer (2011 - 2015)
* Arjan Boertje - guitarist (2013 - 2015)

## Discography

(data according to Discogs)
* Untitled demo with Ernst-Jan on vocals 2003
* Start at Zero (debut album) 2004
* Untitled demo with Cindy on vocals 2005
* Can't Kill What's Inside (album, vinyl and cd) 2007
* Solitary (ep) 2008
* Miles & Memories (album, cd) 2009
* To Live And Die For (album, cd) 2012
* What Lies Within Us (album, cd) 2014
* Minds Awake / Hearts Alive (album, cd) 2017
# Kotiryssä

A kotiryssä (jocular Finnish: one’s home Russky or home Russian) was a Soviet or Russian contact person of a Finnish politician, bureaucrat, businessman or other important person.
The term kotiryssä referred especially to Soviet diplomats or spies stationed in Helsinki in the 1960s and 1970s who were designated by the Soviet government to gather information from specific persons in Finnish politics and government. This system was initiated by Viktor Vladimirov who was stationed in Helsinki repeatedly (1955–1960, 1970–1971, 1977–1984).
As such information gathering techniques have arguably always been prevalent among spies, some Finns have argued that the kotiryssä system was a normal way to conduct diplomatic relations between two countries. The dozens of KGB officers working out of the Tehtaankatu embassy of the Soviet Union as diplomats is now well documented. The public did not know about the system until the book Tamminiemen pesänjakajat was published in 1981. The kotiryssä system was closely related to Finlandization.
In 2015 Helsingin Sanomat wrote that the kotiryssä practise had all but ceased to exist. The Russian diplomatic corps in Helsinki no longer maintains contacts with the Finnish politicians and journalists.
Earlier in time, during World War II, the word kotiryssä also referred to Russian émigrés in Finland or people who could speak Russian in general. The word is not neutral but jocular language.

## Examples

* Viktor Vladimirov — KGB officer for elite Finnish politicians, including Urho Kekkonen.
* Felix Karasev — KGB officer who arrived in April 1985 to replace Vladimirov.
* Vladimir Stepanov — KGB officer and later Soviet Ambassador to Finland.
* Sergei Ivanov — KGB officer for six years in Finland in the 1980s, following alleged deportation from the UK. He worked directly under Karasev. Later a top member of the Russian government.
# Fanavaran Petrochemical Company

30°27′57″N 49°01′22″E﻿ / ﻿30.4658°N 49.0228°E﻿ / 30.4658; 49.0228
Fanavaran Petrochemical Company (Persian: شرکت پتروشیمی فن‌آوران, romanized: Sherkat-e Petroshimi-ye Fan-Avaran) is an Iranian petrochemical company in Bandar-e Emam Khomeyni, Khuzestan, which was established 1998.

## Overview

Established in 1998 in Khuzestan province on 25 hectares next to the Persian Gulf coast of the Bandar-e Emam Khomeyni Petrochemical Special Economic Zone, Fanavaran Petrochemical Company was founded by the National Petrochemical Company. On October 22, 2007, as part of the privatization policies, the National Petrochemical Company transferred the ownership and management of this company to the private sector. After that, the shares of Fanavaran Petrochemical under the name of "PFAN1" became tradable in the Tehran Stock Exchange for individuals and other companies.

## Products and Exports

Methanol, acetic acid, and carbon monoxide are three products produced by Fanavaran Petrochemical Company. Part of these petrochemical products is sold as feed in the Petrochemical special economic zone of Bandar-e Emam Khomeyni to other petrochemical companies, such as Bandar Imam Petrochemical. Another part of its products, especially acetic acid, is exported to China, India, Iraq, Uzbekistan, Azerbaijan, Turkey, and Syria.

## Sanctions

In 2022, the United States Treasury Department sanctioned Fanavaran, Kharg, and Marun petrochemical company in order to target the export of Iranian prochemical products.
# Ann Callaway

Ann Marie Callaway (born October 28, 1949) is an American composer.

## Life and career

Callaway was born in Washington, D.C., and grew up in Langley Park. She began her musical training in Baltimore under Grace Newsom Cushman and later studied with Alvin Etler at Smith College, George Crumb at University of Pennsylvania and with Jack Beeson, Fred Lerdahl and George Edwards at Columbia University, where she earned her D.M.A. in 1991.
Callaway's compositions have been widely broadcast in the U.S., and she is the subject of a documentary produced by Swedish Radio. She has received a Guggenheim Fellowship, commissions from the National Endowment for the Arts and the American Guild of Organists, and has held residencies at Yaddo, the MacDowell Colony, Voci and the Leighton Artist Colony in Banff. She is a recipient of the Fred Waring Award, and the Miriam Gideon Prize.
In 1984 Callaway was one of the founders of the New York Women Composers, Inc., an organization that supports women composers in the State of New York and the Greater New York City area through catalogs, events and grants.

## Works

Her principal publisher is Subito Music.

## Recordings

* The Gregg Smith Singers American Choral Masters Series Vol. IV contains Alleluia vidimus stellam (1980), a setting of the alleluia verse for Epiphany
* American Composers' Alliance at 50 (Opus One 143) contains Paraphrasis (1981), an organ fantasy on the tune INNSBRUCK, played by Haskell Thomson
* Four Elements: works for horn and piano by female composers (Lin Foulk, horn & Martha Fischer, piano) contains Four Elements (1974–77)
* Music by Women: a Celebration (CPS-8714) (Rosemary Platt, piano; et al.) contains Theme and Seven Variations (1972)
# Patel Ramkumar Verma

Patel Ramkumar Verma (1954–2018) was an Indian politician and a member of Uttar Pradesh Assembly in India in 2017. He represented the Nighasan (Assembly constituency) in Lakhimpur district of Uttar Pradesh. He died at the age of 64 after suffering from prolonged illness in Lucknow Uttar Pradesh. Patel was the PWD (Public Works Department) minister in 1991 and cooperative minister in 1997 in U.P.

## Political career

Patel Ramkumar Verma contested Uttar Pradesh Assembly Election in 2017 as Bharatiya Janata Party candidate and defeated his close contestant Krishna Gopal Patel from Samajwadi Party with a margin of 46,123 votes. When the seat fell vacant because of his death in 2018, his son Shashank Verma won the by-election in 2019 as BJP's candidate.
He was born to Devi Din Verma on 20 October 1954 in a Kurmi family.

## Posts held

| # | From | To | Position | Comments |
| 01 | 2017 | 2018 | Member, 17th Legislative Assembly | Died |
# Yuri Mamonov

Yuri Vasilyevich Mamonov (Russian: Юрий Васильевич Мамонов; 18 February 1958 – 11 June 2022) was a Russian politician. He served as a Deputy of the State Duma for its 3rd convocation, between 2000 and 2003.

## Career

Mamonov was born in Moscow Oblast in the Soviet Union on 18 February 1958. He graduated from the Moscow State University of Agroengineering [ru] in 1980. He worked as a teacher between 1980 and 1982, and was a member of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. From 1982 to 1988 he carried out party and Komsomol work, and then from 1988 to 1994 he was chief mechanic, and then chief engineer, of the Ilyinskoye experimental farm. In 1994 he became General Director and Chairman of the board of directors of CJSC All Stars, an international freight transportation company based in Moscow Oblast.
Prior to his entry into politics, Mamonov was working as an adviser to CJSC All Stars. He was returned in the 1999 legislative election as a member of the State Duma's 3rd convocation as a member of the Liberal Democratic Party of Russia. During his time as a Duma member he served on the Committee on Energy, Transport and Communications. After his time in the Duma, Mamonov became a business entrepreneur.
Mamonov was found dead on 11 June in an apartment building on Sadovaya-Kudrinskaya Street [ru] in Moscow. He was 64 years old.
# Jo Douglass

Jo A. Douglass or Jo Anne Douglass is an Australian asthma researcher, Director of Research within the Royal Melbourne Hospital, James Stewart Professor of Medicine and she is also Department Head of Medicine within the Melbourne Medical School. She was awarded an Order of Australia, for her "distinguished service to medical research, to clinical immunology and allergy, to respiratory medicine, and to tertiary education."

## Education and career

Douglass received her undergraduate degree, in Medical Science, and Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery at Monash University, and subsequently completed postgraduate education in London. She was the president of the Australasian Society of Clinical Immunology and Allergy from 2010 to 2012, as well as a member of the European Respiratory Society.
At the Royal Melbourne Hospital, Douglass was the head of Department of Immunology and Allergy. She specialises in the clinical and research of both asthma and allergic disease, at Royal Melbourne Hospital.
Douglass's research is centered around the clinical and research of asthma and allergies, including thunderstorm asthma, diagnosis using genomic medicine, as well as immune deficiencies.

## Publications

Douglass has an H-index of 43, according to Google Scholar, and more than 100 publications as at July 2024. Select examples include:
* Holgate ST, Douglass JA (eds) (2013) Fast Facts: Asthma. Health Press Ltd, Oxford UK. 2013
* Chua JC, Douglass JA, et al. (2012) Galectin-10, a Potential Biomarker of Eosinophilic Airway Inflam. PLoS ONE 7(8): e42549.
* Thompson BR, Douglass JA, et al. (2013) Peripheral Lung Function in patients with ... asthma. Jour of Allergy and Clin Immunology 2013; 131: P1322-1328.
* Chen Y, Stirling R, Hore-Lacy F, Thompson B, Douglass JA. (2011) Longitudinal decline in lung function in patients with primary immunoglobulin deficiencies. J Allergy Clinical Immunolology. 127: P1414-7.
* Douglass, et al. (2012) Over-the-counter β2-agonist purchase vs script: a cross-sectional study. Respiritory Med. 106(2):P 223–9.
* Gillman A, Douglass JA. (2010) What do asthmatics have to fear from food and additive allergy? Clinical Exp Allergy 40: P1295-1302.
* O'Hehir RE, Gardner LM, de Leon MP, Hales BJ, Biondo M, Douglass JA, et al.. (2009) House dust mite immunotherapy: the role for transforming growth factor-beta and ... T cells. Am Journal of Respir Critical Care Med 80: P936-47.

## Awards

* 2024 - Order of Australia.
* 2015 – Fellow, Thoracic Society of Australia and New Zealand.
* 2013 – Fellowship, Thoracic Society of Australia and New Zealand.
* 1992 – FRACP – Fellow of the Royal Australasian College of Physicians
# St Peter's Pool, Malta

St Peter's Pool (Official: Peter's Pool), (Maltese: Il-Bajja ta Pietru) is a small bay on the island of Malta. It is located on the North Eastern point of the Dellimara Peninsula. The bay is a common attraction among tourists looking to snorkel. A small cave can also be found on western end of the bay. As of 2022 several fences and warning signs have been put up warning the visitors of falling debris from the eroding cliffs surrounding the bay.
A diving dog called Titti once appeared jumping into the water with its owner Carmelo Abela at St. Peter's Pool, creating an internet sensation. In the aftermath of the video shared online, visitors from all over the world have been enticed to visit the pool and perhaps even see the dog themselves. Although Titti passed away in 2019, a new dog named Tina has made waves online by demonstrating her impressive jumping ability.
Around St. Peter's Pool are several historic landmarks to walk around and visit. Only a couple are actually open to the public.
* Marsaxlokk Fishing Village - A very popular tourist attraction known for traditional boats, markets, and seafood.
* Tas-Silġ Archaeological Complex - A site spanning 4,000 years from 3,000 B.C. to 900 A.D.
* Tas Silġ Church - Known as the Church of Our Lady of the Snows, built in 1650.
* The Delimara Lighthouse 1854 - Today run by Din l-Art Ħelwa, National Trust of Malta.
* Delimara Fort - A British structure that was built between 1876 and 1878.
* Saint Lucian Tower - Built between 1610 and 1611, the tower is now the Malta Aquaculture Research Centre.
* Il-Ħofra Il-Kbira and Il-Ħofra Iż-Żgħira - These are two natural bays.
* Il-Kalanka Bay (Delimara Point) - A popular swimming location.
# Kim In-seo

Kim In-seo (Korean: 김인서; born 11 January 1984) is a South Korean actress, best known for her portrayal of Se-jung in the 2010 action thriller film I Saw the Devil.

## Works

She is best known for her portrayal of Se-jung in the action film I Saw the Devil, the film which was censored thrice to get an adult rating in South Korea. In the international cut of the film, her sex scene with Choi Min-sik, which exposed her naked butt was cut, while at the same time being retained in the Korean cut.
She has also appeared in other Korean films like Children, Goodbye Mom and drama series like Flower Band, Vampire Prosecutor, Please Come Back, Soon-ae and The Musical.

## Filmography
### Television

* Reply 1994 (tvN, 2013) cameo
* Vampire Prosecutor 2 (OCN, 2012)
* Flower Band (tvN, 2012)
* Strangers 6 (WOWOW, 2012)
* The Musical (SBS, 2011)
* Killer K (CGV, 2011)
* War of the Roses (SBS, 2011)
* Bad Couple (SBS, 2007)
* Company Love (OCN, 2007)
* Drama City: "GOD" (KBS2, 2007)
* Please Come Back, Soon-ae (SBS, 2006)

### Movies

* Children (2011)
* I Saw the Devil (2010)
* Goodbye Mom (2009)
* A Boy Who is Walking in the Sky (2008)
# Hanna Pauli

Hanna Hirsch, later Hanna Pauli (Stockholm, 13 January 1864 – 29 December 1940, Solna), was a Swedish painter; primarily of genre scenes and portraits.

## Life

Hanna Hirsch was a daughter of music publisher Abraham Hirsch. She was a friend of Eva Bonnier, and they followed each other through the painting school of August Malmström, and the Royal Swedish Academy of Arts in Stockholm. Hanna Hirsch studied in Paris from 1885 until 1887 at the Académie Colarossi, and shared a studio with Bonnier for part of that time. While working in Paris, she formed a number of close friendships with other women artists from the Nordic countries. She had her portrait of the Finnish artist Venny Soldan (now in the Gothenburg Art Museum) accepted to the Paris Salon in 1887. The portrait is realistic and unconventional for its time in portraying a female artist at work (sitting on the floor with clay in her hands) rather than in proper bourgeois attire. The casual informality of Soldan's expression and pose were "interpreted as reflecting the liberated lifestyle of Nordic women in Paris at the time" and the portrait was also considered indecent and denounced as bohemian.
Pauli described the portrait: "We had no major debts at the time. The studio was extremely cold and damp; my Finnish friend had to sit wearing a muff when I painted her. In the bedroom the damp ran down the walls, and there was only a small skylight in the roof. The material side of life troubled us very little at all … Moreover, my friend and I almost always plodded around in slippers; it saved so on shoe-leather and it was so very comfortable."
Pauli received a third class medal for her work at the Exposition Universelle (1889) in Paris. She exhibited her work at the Palace of Fine Arts at the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago, Illinois.
As was the case with most other Swedish artists of her generation, her painting stood closer to the French juste milieu painters than to most impressionists; nevertheless, the thickly applied paint she used to show specks of light on the white tablecloth on her 1887 painting Frukostdags (Breakfast Time) (in Nationalmuseum, Stockholm) provoked one critic to comment that she had probably used the cloth to clean her brushes.
In 1887 she married the painter Georg Pauli and travelled with him to Italy for a year.
Her lifetime production was sparse and mostly consisting of portraits, painting artists and writers from her and her husband's circle of friends, such as the one of painter Karl Nordström (1890; in the Bonnier portrait collection, Nedre Manilla, Stockholm), writer Verner von Heidenstam as Hans Alienus (one of his literary characters, 1896), writer Selma Lagerlöf (1932, Nationalmuseum) and the group portrait Vänner (Friends, 1907, Nationalmuseum) showing writer Ellen Key reading to a group in the home of the Pauli family.
Pauli was included in the 2018 exhibit Women in Paris 1850-1900.

## Gallery

* Portrait of artist Venny Soldan, 1887.
* Gerda, 1891
* Breakfast Time, 1887
* Verner von Heidenstam, 1896
* Friends, 1900s
* Hanna painted by her husband, Georg Pauli, 1896
# Ellen Iden

Ellen Nordan Lund Iden (January 24, 1897 – November 12, 1961) was a Norwegian painter known for her landscapes, pictures of flowers, interior paintings, and portraits using finely tuned coloring.

## Biography

Ellen Nordan Lund Iden was born in Kristiania (now Oslo), the daughter of Major Ivar Johannessen Lund (1861–1936) and the painter Jacobine Nordan Lund (1867–1941). She studied under Othon Friesz at the former Académie Moderne in Paris in 1920, and then at the Norwegian National Academy of Fine Arts under Axel Revold from 1931 to 1932. She also studied under Leon Aurdal.
She married the sculptor Johannes Iden in 1938, who died in the sinking of the M/S Ronda one year later. Her first solo exhibition coincided with a memorial exhibition for him, held at the Artists' Association Gallery (Kunstnerforbundet) in 1943. She achieved a major breakthrough in 1955 with a solo exhibition at the Oslo Art Association Gallery (Oslo Kunstforening). The exhibition was a traveling exhibition that was shown in several cities, and it received much attention in the press. Ellen Iden served as the first head of the Rogaland Art School (Studieatelieret i Stavanger), which was established as a workshop for those wishing to enter the Norwegian National Academy of Craft and Art Industry. During her active years as an artist, she took part in a number of exhibitions. She exhibited twelve times at the Autumn Exhibition (the last time posthumously in 1962). Her paintings Studie av Gertrud (A Study of Gertrud, 1960), Kobberfjellet (Copper Mountain, 1954–1955), and Bergknaus etter regn (Hilltop after the Rain, 1960) were purchased by the National Museum of Art, Architecture, and Design. The painting Oldemors blomster (Great-Grandmother's Flowers) was purchased by the Stavanger Art Gallery (Stavanger faste galleri).
In 1946, Iden purchased a summer home in Holmsund near Flosta in the municipality of Arendal. Iden was part of an artists' colony that developed in the postwar years in Flosta. Together with others, including Ivar Jerven, Kjerstin Øvrelid, Knut Monrad, Finn Strømsted, Bodil Cappelen, Finn Henrik Bodvin, and Liv Nergaard, an artistic environment was created that drew inspiration from nature and the skerries. A number of her landscape motifs draw upon this background. In a letter to Agnes Hiorth from her summer home in Holmesund, she wrote the following:
   It is so beautiful here that it just takes my breath away. In the sea is glassy with a transparent cold blue color, and greenish-gray islets lie in rhythmic lines. Now and then you can see white clouds reflected in the glass-clear surface. And on my table there is a bouquet of rosebuds tied with a red stem. But there is so much that is tempting to paint that even at 10 in the morning I do not know where to begin.
Ellen Nordan Lund Iden died in Oslo.