OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Liberalism in Switzerland

This article gives an overview of liberalism and the historical radicalism movement within liberalism in Switzerland. It is limited to liberal and radical parties with substantial support, mainly proved by having had a representation in parliament. The sign ⇒ means a reference to another party in that scheme. For inclusion in this scheme it is not necessary that parties labeled themselves as a liberal party.

## Introduction

In the nineteenth century the radicalism of Freisinn became the dominant political force in Switzerland, which remained for a long time in the twentieth century. Both the major Free Democratic Party of Switzerland (Freisinnig-Demokratische Partei der Schweiz/Parti Radical-Démocratique Suisse, member LI, ALDE Party) and the minor Liberal Party of Switzerland (Liberale Partei der Schweiz/Parti Libéral Suisse, member LI) were right-of-center liberal parties that merged into FDP.The Liberals (FDP.Die Liberalen/PLR.Les Libéraux-Radicaux, observer LI, member ALDE) in 2009.

## Timeline
### From Liberal Democrats to Liberal Party of Switzerland

* 1893: The moderate liberals established the Liberal Democrats (Liberaldemokraten), but most German-speaking liberals joined in 1894 the ⇒ Free Democratic Party of Switzerland
* 1913: The party is renamed Liberal Democratic Party (Liberaldemokratische Partei)
* 1961: The party is reorganised into the Liberal Democratic Union of Switzerland (Liberaldemokratische Union der Schweiz)
* 1977: The party is renamed Liberal Party of Switzerland (Liberale Partei der Schweiz/Parti Libéral Suisse)

### Free Democratic Party of Switzerland

* 1894: The Radicals (Freisinn in German) became a dominant factor in Swiss politics and established as a party the Free Democratic Party of Switzerland (Freisinnig-Demokratische Partei der Schweiz/Parti Radical-Démocratique Suisse)
* 1896: A faction formed the ⇒ Extreme Left
* 1918: A conservative faction of the party seceded as the Farmers', Traders' and Citizens' Party
* 1941: The Zürich branch joined the ⇒ Democratic Party of Switzerland
* 1971: The Zürich branch of the ⇒ Democratic Party of Switzerland rejoined the party

### From Extreme Left to Democratic Party of Switzerland

* 1896: The left wing of the ⇒ Free Democratic Party of Switzerland established the Extreme Left (Äußerste Linke)
* 1905: The Extreme Left organised itself as the social liberal Democratic Party of Switzerland (Demokratische Partei der Schweiz)
* 1941: A Zürich faction of the ⇒ Free Democratic Party of Switzerland joined the party
* 1971: The Zürich branch of the party returned to the ⇒ Free Democratic Party of Switzerland, while the Glarus and Grisons branches merged into the Swiss People's Party

### Ring of Independents

* 1936: Gottlieb Duttweiler formed the Ring of Independents as a social-liberal party
* 1999: The party disbanded

## Liberal leaders

* Freisinn: Ludwig Snell - Alfred Escher
# Coblinine Nature Reserve

The Coblinine Nature Reserve is located in the Avon Wheatbelt bioregion of Western Australia. It stretches along the Coblinine River, from its southern end east of Katanning, to Dumbleyung Lake.
It was gazetted on 4 September 1908 and has a size of 41.67 square kilometres (16.09 sq mi).
The nature reserve stretches through the localities of Ewlyamartup and Coblinine in the Shire of Katanning through Bullock Hills, Datatine and Dumbleyung in the Shire of Dumbleyung.
The name Coblinine is of Koreng Noongar origin, meaning "all of the stomach intestines and navel, river-like, are here sitting".
# Mary Owen (hymnwriter)

Mary Owen (born Mary Rees in 1796 in Briton Ferry, Wales; died 1875) was a Welsh hymnwriter.
Owen was born in 1796 in Ynys-y-Mardy, Briton Ferry, Wales to Daniel and Mary Rees. Her father was a deacon, and religious services took place in their family home.
Owen was a prolific hymnwriter; her hymns include "Caed modd i faddeu 'meiau", "Y gareg a dorwyd o'r mynydd", "Fe dderfydd fy ngofidiau", and "Fe gân y gwaredigion". A collection of Owen's hymns, Hymnau ar Amryw Destunau, was published in four editions, the first of which was printed in 1839. The collection has an introduction by Rev. William Williams (Caledfryn).
Owen married twice. Her first husband, Thomas Davies, was a sailor. Her second husband, Robert Owen, was Congregational minister.
Owen died on 26 May 1875 and was buried in Briton Ferry.
# Greta Meyer

Greta Meyer (7 August 1883 – 8 October 1965) was a German actress in motion pictures beginning in the silent film era.

## Biography

Meyer belonged to a German family that was comparable to the Barrymore family in America. At age 3 she debuted on stage with her father's stock company. She went on to perform in operettas and plays in Amsterdam, Berlin, Dresden, Vienna, and other cities in Europe. She sang for Austria's emperor and Kaiser Wilhelm, and she starred in The Merry Widow for the Count of Luxembourg.
Her early film efforts came in films like De jantjes (1922) and Die Königsloge (1929).
Meyer came to the United States as the star of an operetta company. When the operetta's run was completed, she stayed in New York, starring in The Bat and other plays. She began a German theater in New York, but anti-German feelings following World War I diminished attendance and caused protests, leading to the theater's closing. She went on to study Yiddish and to perform across the United States with a Yiddish Arts Theater stock company.
At one point, without a job and short of funds, Meyer decided to return to Germany. She staged a farewell performance in New York City with little hope of a large audience. The performance sold out, and standing room was filled, enabling Meyer to pay all of her debts and retain $480. She went to Germany as planned but returned to America.
In 1923, Meyer became a U.S. citizen. Broadway plays in which she appeared included Auction Pinochle (1912) and Tonight or Never (1930). Meyer appeared in many Hollywood movies between 1933 and 1942, including The Great Waltz (1938) and Bitter Sweet (1940).
In 1963, Meyer was evicted from her home at 505 North Westmount Drive, West Hollywood, California, when property owners decided to replace her old home with a new structure. She moved in with a friend but had little place to store her acting memorabilia. Meyer contemplated a return to Germany.
She acted on the stage and in films for almost seventy years. Greta Meyer died in Gardena, California in 1965.

## Partial filmography

* The Balance (Das Gleichgewicht) (1917) Short (as Grete Meier)
* The Bluejackets (De jantjes) (1922)
* The Royal Box (Die Königsloge) (1929)
* Tonight or Never (1931)
* The Man from Yesterday (1932)
* Flesh (1932)
* The Nuisance (1933)
* The Most Precious Thing in Life (1934)
* Young and Beautiful (1934)
* Strange Wives (1934)
* The Line-Up (1934)
* Biography of a Bachelor Girl (1935)
* Naughty Marietta (1935)
* Mister Dynamite (1935)
* The Return of Peter Grimm (1935)
* Spendthrift (1936)
* Bill Cracks Down (1937)
* When Love Is Young (1937)
* Damaged Goods (1937)
* Night of Mystery (1937)
* The Road Back (1937)
* Prescription for Romance (1937)
* The Great Waltz (1938)
* No Place to Go (1939)
* Bitter Sweet (1940)
* Come Live with Me (1941)
* Friendly Enemies (1942)
# Side hug

A side hug is a display of affection in which a person hugs another by putting one arm around their shoulders or waist, rather than both arms around them. This can be useful for example when posing for a photograph, or if a full hug is considered too intimate for the situation.

## Religious attitudes to physical intimacy
### Abstinence-only movement

Public displays of physical intimacy between intimate partners in romantic relationships are discouraged by many religious organisations that seek to discourage sexual intimacy. Brio magazine (published by Focus on the Family) advised readers to refrain from front hugging members of the opposite sex in 2007.

### 2009 rap song

A rap song was performed by Ryan Pann as a skit at the 2009 Encounter Generation (EG) evangelical youth conference, hosted by The Fathers House church in Vacaville, California. A video of this became a YouTube meme in 2009 and was remarked on by such blogs as Feministe and Feministing and from there the mainstream press. The song's lyrics include such phrases as "This ain't no front hug zone" and "Jesus never hugged nobody like that".
Pann has said the song was satirizing the Christian habit of side hugging.

### Avoiding accusations of child sexual assault

Many volunteer organizations including faith-based organizations like churches mandate that adult staff members and volunteers not fully hug children in their care. They encourage the use of side hugs as a rule for adults and staff members, especially when dealing with people of the opposite sex or children. This allows for intentions to be evident. In situations with children and youth this distinction is very important. If an adult employee or volunteer of a church does not use a side hug they may be accused, rightly or wrongly, of inappropriate advances. These rules are intended to protect both the potential victims and the potentially wrongly accused.
# Paukštakiai eldership

Paukštakiai eldership (Lithuanian: Paukštakių seniūnija) is an eldership in Plungė District Municipality to the east from Plungė. The administrative center is Grumbliai.

## Largest villages

* Staneliai
* Grumbliai
* Paukštakiai

### Other villages

* Aleksiai (a part of village, no inhabitants)
* Božiai
* Dilbšiai
* Dišliai (a part of village, no inhabitants)
* Endriuškaičiai
* Gelindėnai
* Jogaudai
* Jonikai
* Juodeikiai
* Kėkštai
* Kepurėnai (kaimo dalis)
* Kulskiai
* Lankos Laukas
* Lazdeniai
* Merkeliai
* Molupiai
* Naručiai (a part of village, no inhabitants)
* Nešukuočiai
* Nugariai
* Paburgė
* Paežerė
* Paišiotai
* Paluokė
* Plokščiai (a part of village, no inhabitants)
* Raišaičiai
* Rukundžiai
* Skyplaičiai
* Svirpliai
* Šlečkai
* Šlepečiai
* Tarvainiai
* Vaištarai
# Shirotomo Aizawa

Shirotomo Aizawa (愛澤伯友, Aizawa Shirotomo, Shiloh, born November 8, 1962) is a Japanese composer, conductor and multimedia creator.

## Education

Born in 1962, Aizawa graduated from metropolitan Tokyo Hibiya High School, the Tokyo National University of Fine Arts and Music, and a graduate school composition course with a full national scholarship. He then studied in Berlin and the Vienna National Music School, and hochschule in a conducting course.
He has done ecriture study with Yuzuru Shimaoka and Koichi Uzaki, composition study with Akira Miyoshi, Teruyuki Noda and Makoto Shinohara, and conducting study with Francis Travis, Julius Kalmer and Seiji Ozawa (Gusthorer).

## Works

* Signifiant pour orchestra (1988, Tokyo)
* Kouro-zen Shakuhachi solo (1991, Tokyo)
* Tou-sei Shakuhachi, oh-kawa (1998, Tokyo)
* Su-ohu Japanese instrument ensemble (1998, Tokyo)
* Ride Solo Ichigen-kin (2001, France)
* Phase IIc Cl., Cor., SQ (2005, Tokyo)
* Temp de temp Cl., Perc. (2007, Washington DC)
* Deposition Shakuhachi, Vn., Vc., Cl., Perc., Pf (2007, Washington DC)
* Shiso-chou Shakuhachi, live-electronics (2008, Japan)

## Books

* Music of Japan Today Chapter 4; Cambridge Scholars Publishing (2008),ISBN 1847185622
# Estonian Association of Information Technology and Telecommunications

Estonian Association of Information Technology and Telecommunications (Estonian: Eesti Infotehnoloogia ja Telekommunikatsiooni Liit, abbreviated ITL) is an Estonian organisation which unites technology and telecommunications companies and organisations in Estonia, enhances their co-operation. Co-operation provides Estonia development towards information society.
ITL is a member of DigitalEurope, Estonian Chamber of Commerce and Industry, Estonian Employers' Confederation and Estonian Taxpayers Association.
ITL predecessor was Estonian Computer Association (AFA), which was founded in 1992. On 23 March 2000, AFA joined with Association of Telecommunication Companies (TEL). After merging of AFA and TEL, the ITL was established.
# Yusuf Çelik

Yusuf Çelik (born 27 June 1996) is a Turkish professional footballer who plays as a centre-back for Serik Belediyespor.

## Professional career

Yusuf made his professional debut for Antalyaspor in a 2-1 Süper Lig victory over Çaykur Rizespor on 12 March 2017.
# Kurmangazy District

Kurmangazy District (Kazakh: Құрманғазы ауданы, Qūrmanğazy audany, قۇرمانعازى اۋدانى) is a district of Atyrau Region in Kazakhstan. The administrative center of the district is the selo of Kurmangazy. Population: 57,138 (2013 estimate); 55,502 (2009 Census results); 55,579 (1999 Census results).

## History

Bukeevskaya province (Kazakh: Бөкей губерниясы) is an administrative-territorial unit within the Russian Republic and the RSFSR. The center is the city of Urda (until 1918 - the village of Khanskaya Headquarters; in 1918-1920 - the Kirghiz steppe).
The province was formed on July 1, 1917 on the territory of the Bukey Horde, which until then had been de facto administratively subordinate to the Astrakhan province (de jure administered through the Ministry of Foreign Affairs). By 1919, it was divided into Kalmyk, Kamysh-Samar, Naryn, I Primorsky, II Primorsky, Talovsky and Torgunsky districts, as well as the region of the Volga-Caspian Kyrgyzstan.
In 1920, when the Kirghiz Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic was formed, the Bukeev province became part of it.
In 1921, the region of the Volga-Caspian Kirghizia was abolished, and its territory became part of the 2nd Primorsky district.
In 1922, Dengiz, Dzhangalinsky, and Urdinsky uyezds were formed. Kalmyk, Kamysh-Samar, Naryn, Torgun, 1st and 2nd Primorsky counties were abolished.
June 6, 1925 Bukeevskaya province was included in the Ural province of the Kazakh ASSR.
The district was formed in 1928 under the name of Dengiz district. On September 9, 1993, it was renamed Kurmangazinsky district in honor of Kurmangazy Sagyrbayuly.
# Elizabeth Lomax

Elizabeth Anne Lomax (22 February 1810 – 16 March 1895) was a British botanist whose herbarium is kept in Manchester.
# Suenga (river)

Suenga (Russian: Суенга) is a river in Maslyaninsky District of Novosibirsk Oblast. The river flows into the Berd. Its length is 71 km (44 mi), with drainage basin 821 square kilometres. The river rises on the western slopes of the Salair Ridge.

## Tributaries

Kinterep (2 km), Mostovka (11 km), Kamenka (22 km), Bolshiye Taily (31 km), Drazhny Taily (44 km), Poldnevaya (57 km).

## Economy

In 1781, a gold deposit was discovered near the river by the exiled D. M. Popov. In 1830 Yegoryevsky Gold Mine was founded here. The mines were owned by the Imperial Cabinet, English and German concessionaires and the Russian Gold Mining Society at different times. Gold was also mined during the Soviet period and continues to be mined in the 21st century.
From the 1950s to the 1970s, a hydroelectric power plant operated on the river.
# Bahareh

Bahareh (Persian: بهاره) is an Iranian feminine given name meaning "Someone or something that arises in the spring season".
Bahareh may also refer to several places in Iran:
* Bahareh, Fars
* Bahareh, Hamadan
* Bahareh, Meydavud, Khuzestan Province
* Bahareh, Seydun, Khuzestan Province
# Vajrayudha (film)

Vajrayudha (Kannada: ವಜ್ರಾಯುಧ) is a 1992 Indian Kannada language action film directed by B. Ramamurthy and produced by S. R. Rajeshwari. The film stars Ramesh Aravind, Ananth Nag and Malashri. The film's music is composed by Hamsalekha.

## Cast

* Ramesh Aravind
* Ananth Nag
* Malashri
* Tara
* Doddanna
* Mysore Lokesh
* M. S. Umesh
* Tennis Krishna

## Soundtrack

Hamsalekha composed the background score the film and the soundtracks and penning the lyrics for the soundtracks. The album has four soundtracks.
# Asanchek

Asanchek (Kyrgyz: Асанчек) is a village in Osh Region of Kyrgyzstan. It is part of the Kara-Suu District. Its population was 6,163 in 2021.
# Kiyoshige Koyama

Kiyoshige Koyama (小山 清茂, Koyama Kiyoshige, January 15, 1914 – June 6, 2009), was a Japanese composer for orchestras, vocal, and traditional Japanese instrumentation. He was born in Nagano City, Nagano Prefecture. Although nationalistic he did not compose until his thirties, which was after the period of Imperial expansionism.

## Selection of works

    Many works by Koyama are published by Ongaku-no-tomo-sha.

### Orchestral

* 1946 Shinano bayashi for Orchestra
* 1953/1958 Japanese Folk Songs for Chamber Orchestra
* 1957 Kobiki-Uta (Woodcutter's Song) for Orchestra
* 1959 Symphonic Suite "Nohmen" (Masks for Play)
* 1964 Ainu no Uta for string orchestra
* 1976 Hinauta No. 1 for Orchestra
* 1978 Hinauta No. 2 for Orchestra
* 1981 Hinauta No. 3 for orchestra
* 1988 Hinauta No. 4 for orchestra

### Wind orchestra

* 1970 Kobiki-uta for band
* 1970 Mogura-oi
* 1970 Otemoyan
* 1970 Echigo-jishi
* 1970 Dai-kagura
* 1980 Flow Festival
* 1991 Hinauta No. 5
* 1993 Noh-men

### Choral

* Lullaby of Itsuki

### Piano

* 1966 Kagome Variations
* 1969 Variations on "Kari kari watare"
* Children Songs for piano
* Collection of piano pieces
* Intro to piano thru Japanese harmony
* Coming Summer (Natsu wa kinu)

### Traditional Japanese instruments

* 1962 Ubusuna for koto and other Japanese musical instruments
* 1962 Quartet No. 1 for Japanese instruments
* 1963 Okume - Okiku
* 1964 Wagakki no tame no gassōkyoku
* 1965 Urashima Taro kodomo no yume
* 1966 Fudo yonsho
* 1968 Trio for 2 koto and jūshichi-gen
* 1968 Quartet No. 2 "Theme and Variations" for Japanese instruments
* 1971 Akatsuchi ni naru imōto
* 1973 Wagakki no tame no gojūsōkyoku, Quintet for Japanese instruments
* 1976 Chidori ni yoru hen'yō (Transfiguration by Chidori)
* 1978 Wagakki no tame no hensōkyoku, Variations for Japanese instruments
* 1980 Hagoromo
* 1985 Nenyamonya Hensōkyoku (Nenyamonya Variations)
* 1996 Sakura sakura for koto ensemble
* Tenchi sosei
* Trio for 2 koto and jūshichi-gen

### Operas

* 1972 Sansho Dayu
* 1974 Konyaku Mondo
# Zeki Ayvaz

Zeki Ayvaz (born 1 October 1989) is a Turkish footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for TFF Third League club Muş 1984 Muşspor.
# Arash Karimi

Arash Karimi (Persian: آرش کریمی born 1977) is an Iranian photographer known for his documentary photos.

## Biography

He began his work in 1995 and has since held some exhibitions in different cities of Iran. Karimi won the Photographic Society of America Gold Medal at the New Photo Vision, an international photography contest in Serbia.
# Abba bar Zabdai

Abba (Ba) bar Zabdai (Jewish Babylonian Aramaic: אבא בר זבדי) was a Palestinian amora who flourished in the third century. He studied in Mesopotamia, attending the lectures of Abba Arikha and Rav Huna, and subsequently settled at Tiberias, where he occupied a respected position by the side of Rabbi Ammi and Assi. Mention is made of his custom of saying his prayers in a loud voice (Jerusalem Talmud, Berachot iv.7a). Of his haggadic productions there exists, among others, a sermon for a public fast-day, on Lamentations iii.41 (Yer. Ta'anit, ii.65a), from which the following may be quoted:
   Is it, then, possible to 'lift up our heart with our hands'? This verse is intended to advise us 'to put our heart—our bad inclinations—in our hands,' in order to remove them, and then to turn to God in heaven. As long as a man holds an unclean reptile in his hand, he may bathe in all the waters of creation, but he cannot become clean: let him throw it away and he is purified.

## Other quotes

   Though he may have sinned, he is still an Israelite!
   The myrtle that stands amongst the reeds is still a myrtle.

## Jewish Encyclopedia bibliography

* Bacher, Ag. Pal. Amor. iii.533, 535;
* Frankel, Mebo, pp. 66a, 67.
# Naya India

Naya India(Hindi: नया इंडिया), is an Indian national Hindi daily newspaper. It was founded by Hari Shankar Vyas, senior political journalist, who was formerly the editor of Jansatta and currently the host cum producer of the Central Hall Programmes on all ETV Hindi news channels. NAYA INDIA was launched on 16 May 2010 from Delhi and is at present published from ten Hindi speaking states.

## About the Editor

Mr. Hari Shankar Vyas is the Chief Editor and also the publisher of Naya India. With a rich and diverse experience of 35 years as a journalist, he has become a noted figure in contemporary Hindi Journalism. Starting in the 80s, as part of the core launch team of Jansatta, in the 90s he ventured into publishing and producing TV programmes. His Central Hall show on ETV's all Hindi Channels has had a huge impact not just with the political class of Northern India but is widely watched by the masses. His uninterrupted weekly column Gupshup of 30 years is also one of the oldest and most widely read Political column in Hindi (from Jansatta to Punjab Kesari to Naya India) as well as in English (The Sunday Pioneer). With a desire to fulfill the vacuum the Hindi speaking population feels/ has felt, Mr. Vyas ventured into newspaper publishing, thus creating Naya India.

## Editions

NAYA INDIA is published from ten locations—Delhi, Jaipur, Lucknow, Bhopal, Chandigarh, Shimla, Dehradun, Ranchi, Patna and Raipur.

## Contributors

* Hari Shankar Vyas
* Ved Pratap Vaidik
* Shruti Vyas
* Balbir Punj
* Satyendra Ranjan
* Ajeet Dwivedi
* Vinamra
* Shambunath Shukla
* Shirish Chandra Mishra
* Sushant Kumar
* Tanmay Kumar
* Sandeep Singh
* Nishant Shekhar
* Ajit Kumar
* Chankyashree
* Abhinav Shrivastava
* Shashank Rai
* Ajay Sethiya
# Kikuko Masumoto

Kikuko Masumoto (増本 伎共子, Masumoto Kikuko, born 2 February 1937) is a Japanese pianist, music educator, composer, and ethnomusicologist.

## Biography

She was born in Japan and studied music at the Toho Gakuen School of Music and the University of Tokyo. After completing her education, she took a position teaching music at Toho Gakuen.

## Works

Masumoto composes music for chamber ensemble, opera and voice performance. Selected compositions include:
* Pastorale for solo recorder
* Archaic Phrase for solo Chang harp
* Tapestry for solo harpsichord
* Ranjoh for solo flute
# Özgür Kart

Özgür Kart (born 18 April 1982) is a Turkish former footballer.
Kart previously played for SV Wacker Burghausen in the German 2. Fußball-Bundesliga and Kasımpaşa S.K. in the TFF First League.
Kart transferred to TSV Ampfing in August 2009.
# Võ Việt Hùng

Võ Việt Hùng (1960 -) is the Vietnamese film director.

## Biography

Võ Việt Hùng was born in Saigon on 29 July 1960.

## Career

* Chuyện chúng mình
* Long xích lô (2003)
* Công ty thời trang (2004)
* Mầm sống
* Người gác mộ (2005)
* Tiếng chuông trôi trên sông
* Love Case (2008)
* Tại tôi (2009)
* Tân Phong nữ sĩ (2009)
* Khóc thầm (2010)
* Sắc màu hạnh phúc (2011)
* Mơ hoang (2012)
* Vẫn có em bên đời (2014)
* Chữ trinh (2015)
* Thế thái nhân tình (2016)
* Con gái chị Hằng (2017)

## Award

* 2009 : The Golden Ochna Integerrima Award for telefilm Love Case.