OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Colby Woodland Garden

Colby Woodland Garden (Welsh: Gardd Goedwig Colby) is a National Trust woodland garden in a secluded valley, approximately ¾ of a mile north of Amroth in Pembrokeshire, Wales. It is listed on the Cadw/ICOMOS Register of Parks and Gardens of Special Historic Interest in Wales.

## History

The origin of the estate was the 18th century Rhydlangoed farmhouse, which was expanded by the Colby family, Pembrokeshire coal mine owners, to create Colby Lodge in 1803. There were further alterations and changes of ownership until the property was bought by the Kay family in the 1870s. The woodland gardens were mainly created by Colonel and Mrs Crosland (nee Kay) in the early 20th century. They are listed at Grade II on the Cadw/ICOMOS Register of Parks and Gardens of Special Historic Interest in Wales.
Elidyr Mason, niece of Mrs Crosland, inherited the property. The house and walled garden were sold to Pamela and Peter Chance in 1965, with Mason retaining the woodland garden and the rest of the estate. On Mason's death in 1979, her portion of the estate was left to the National Trust. The Chances also transferred ownership of the house and walled garden to the National Trust in 1979, reuniting the two parts of the estate.

## Extent

The woodland, meadow and walled gardens are approximately 8 acres (3.2 ha) with plants such as azaleas, bluebells, camellias, daffodils, magnolias and rhododendrons, along with wildflowers in the meadow.

## Amenities

There is a second-hand bookshop, tearoom, gallery and toilets. Varied events take place during the year, including family games. The house, Colby Lodge, is not open for public viewing, but provides serviced accommodation. National Trust Holidays have three self-catering properties in the area.
# A Boy

"A Boy" (Korean: 소년이여, Sonyeoniyeo) is a song recorded by the South Korean rapper G-Dragon. It was released as the fourth and final single from his debut album Heartbreaker. G-Dragon stated that the song was released as an answer to the plagiarism controversy that surrounded his singles "Heartbreaker" and "Butterfly" when several people were telling him to quit singing, with G-Dragon answering that he "will not quit."

## Release

Although the end of G-Dragon's music video for "Breathe" included a teaser the music video for "A Boy", the single was not released as the next single. Instead, G-Dragon released the song "Butterfly". A couple of weeks after the release of "Butterfly", "Soneoniya" was officially confirmed and released as the fourth and final promotional single for the album. G-Dragon stated that the song's lyrics, which were written by himself, were about the thoughts and struggles he went through as a young boy when he became YG trainee at the age of 13.

## Track listing

* "A Boy" – 3:29

## Music video

Similar to the music video of "Butterfly", "Sonyeoniya"'s music video is heavily composed of computer graphics. Unlike that of his previous music videos (which included either a stylized dance or a storyline), the music featured various changing graphics and G-Dragon singing. The Music Video expresses G-Dragon's emotions and his struggles explained in the lyrics of the song.
# Tim Heald

Tim Villiers Heald FRSL (28 January 1944 – 20 November 2016) was a British author, biographer, journalist and public speaker.

## Life and writings

Heald was born in Dorchester, Dorset, England, and educated at Sherborne School, Dorset, and Balliol College, Oxford, gaining an MA in Modern History in 1965.
He wrote over 30 published books, including official biographies of HRH Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh (The Duke – a Portrait of Prince Philip, 1991), Hodder & Stoughton), HRH The Princess Margaret (Princess Margaret – a Life Unravelled (2007), Orion Books) and cricket commentator Brian Johnston.
Heald was also known for his mystery novels featuring Simon Bognor, special investigator, (10 titles), serialised by Thames TV, and more recently as creator of Dr Tudor Cornwall in a new crime trilogy published by Robert Hale Ltd: Death and the Visiting Fellow (2004), Death and the D'Urbervilles (2005), A Death on the Ocean Wave (2007). He subsequently returned to the newly knighted Simon Bognor and published two further novels Death in the Opening Chapter and Poison at the Pueblo with Crème de la Crime/ Severn House.
As a journalist, Tim Heald wrote for Punch, The Spectator, The Sunday Times (Atticus column), Daily Express (feature writer 1967–1972), The Times and The Daily Telegraph, and was a freelance book reviewer and feature and travel writer for various other publications. As a speaker, he was often a guest on Cunard cruise ships the QE2 and the Caronia. He was the author of Village Cricket (Little Brown, 2004), on which a Carlton TV series was based.
Heald worked as an academic in creative writing at the University of Tasmania and the University of South Australia between 1997 and 2001. He was a Fellow of the Royal Society of Literature. He was also a strong member of PEN International and chaired the Writers in Prison Committee.
Tim Heald lived in Fowey, Cornwall, for 15 years until 2011 but then moved to south Somerset, where his mother was born and where she and his father are buried.

## Illness and death

Suffering from Parkinsonism and Lewy body dementia, Tim Heald died in Martock, Somerset 20 November 2016.
# Emma Whitelaw

Emma Whitelaw FAA is an eminent molecular biologist and NHMRC Australia Fellow at the Queensland Institute of Medical Research and is among Australia's leading researchers of epigenetics. Whitelaw was the first to demonstrate epigenetic inheritance in mammals. She now currently works at La Trobe University in Australia.

## Biography

Whitelaw performed undergraduate studies at the Australian National University and obtained her D.Phil. from University of Oxford. She has worked for 15 years in London and Oxford, and since 1991 in Australia. She heads the Department of Population Studies and Human Genetics, dedicated to the study of epigenetics and mammalian gene expression, at Queensland Institute of Medical Research.

## Work

Whitelaw has worked extensively on the control of gene expression in higher eukaryotes. In 1999 Whitelaw, together with her co-workers made the first-ever demonstration of epigenetic inheritance in mammals.

## Awards

In 2008, Whitelaw was awarded a National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) Australia Fellowship and in 2011 she became a Fellow of the Australian Academy of Science. In 2011, she received the Jubilee Medal from the International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology for work on the transgenerational inheritance of epigenetic marks.
# List of presidents of Clare Hall, Cambridge

The following is a list of presidents of Clare Hall, Cambridge, since the college's foundation in 1966, the term of office for which is fixed at seven years:
* 1966 Sir Brian Pippard, physicist
* 1973 Sir Robert Honeycombe, metallurgist
* 1980 Sir Michael Stoker, virologist
* 1987 Anthony Low, historian
* 1994 Dame Gillian Beer, literary critic
* 2001 Ekhard Salje, mineralogist
* 2008 Sir Martin Harris, linguist
* 2013 David John Ibbetson, legal historian
* 2020 Alan Short, architect
# El Sharara oil field

The El Sharara oil field is an oil field located in Murzuq Desert in Libya. It was discovered in 1980 and developed by Petrom. The oil field, Libya's largest, is operated and owned by Repsol. The total proven reserves of the El Sharara oil field are 3 billion barrels (403×10$^6$tonnes), and production is centered on 300,000 barrels per day (48,000 m$^3$/d).
On January 7, 2024, production at the oil field was briefly suspended after protesters from the nearby town of Ubari forced the facility to close over fuel shortages.
# Thrikkovil Sree Padmanabha Swami Kshetram

Thrikkovil Sree Padmanabhaswamy temple (Malayalam: തൃക്കോവില് ശ്രീ പദ്മനാഭ സ്വാമി ക്ഷേത്രം) is a Hindu temple with Lord Vishnu as the presiding deity, located at Vallicode village in Pathanamthitta District in Kerala, India.
The temple is maintained by the Travancore Devaswom Board. As per local folklore, it is considered as the second one of its kind after the famous Padmanabhaswamy temple in Thiruvananthapuram. More spectacularly the 10-day festival includes Rupmani Swayambaram.
In going with the simplicity and elegant architecture of temples in Kerala, the temple premises here present a very serene and spiritual outlook. There is a temple pond adjoining the temple which abounds with blooming lotuses.
# Sergei Grunichev

Sergei Vyacheslavovich Grunichev (Russian: Сергей Вячеславович Груничев; born 9 March 1963 in Stavropol) is a former Russian football player.
# Peter Schuster

Peter K. Schuster (born 7 March 1941) is a theoretical chemist known for his work with the German Nobel Laureate Manfred Eigen in developing the quasispecies model. His work has made great strides in the understanding of viruses and their replication, as well as theoretical mechanisms in the origin of life.

## Biography

Schuster was born in Vienna, Austria and graduated with highest honors from "gymnasium". He studied chemistry and physics at the University of Vienna and earned his PhD in 1967. He was a Postdoc at the Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry. Together with Eigen, Schuster developed the quasispecies model. He is full professor of theoretical chemistry at the University of Vienna, the founding director of the Institute of Molecular Biotechnology in Jena, Germany, as well as the current head of its Department of Molecular Evolutionary Biology. He is an external faculty member at the Santa Fe Institute. Currently, Prof. Schuster is the President of the Austrian Academy of Sciences.

## Honours and awards

* 1971: Theodor Körner promotion price
* 1971: Jubilee Award of the Chemical-Physical Society
* 1983: Erwin Schrödinger Prize of the Austrian Academy of Sciences
* 1989: Dr. Asen Zlatarov price of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences
* 1993: Austrian Decoration for Science and Art
* 1993: Member of the German Academy of Sciences Leopoldina
* 1995: Philip Morris Research Prize
* 1995: Josef Loschmidt Medal of the Austrian Chemical Society
* 1997: City of Vienna Prize for Science
* 1997: Cardinal Innitzer Prize for Science
* 1999: Wilhelm Exner Medal of the Austrian Trade Association.
* 2010: Great Silver Medal for Service to the City of Vienna
# Thawabit Al-Umma

Thawabit Al-Umma (Arabic: تجمع ثوابت الأمة, lit. 'Ummah Principles Alliance') is a Salafi political bloc in Kuwait founded in 2003 and headed by Bader Al-Dahoum. Of the fifty elected members of National Assembly, two seats belong to the bloc.

## History

The alliance was part of the opposition bloc elected in February 2012. After the annulment of the February 2012 session and the change of the electoral system, the alliance boycotted the following two elections in December 2012 and 2013. On 20 April 2016, they announced their intention to stop boycotting in the next election. On the 2020 election, three members of the alliance, Mohammed Hayef al-Mutairi, Bader Al-Dahoum and Osama Al-Menawer, won seats in the National Assembly. In March 2021, Bader Al-Dahoum’s membership in parliament was annulled by the constitutional court. The alliance’s efforts led to the segregation between the two sexes in Kuwait University on 2023.

## Election results

| Election | Leader | Seats | +/– |
| 2013 | Bader Al-Dahoum | 0 / 50 | New |
| 2016 | Bader Al-Dahoum | 1 / 50 | 1 |
| 2020 | Bader Al-Dahoum | 3 / 50 | 2 |
| 2022 | Bader Al-Dahoum | 1 / 50 | 2 |
| 2023 | Bader Al-Dahoum | 1 / 50 | 0 |
| 2024 | Bader Al-Dahoum | 2 / 50 | 1 |
# 2015 Gayo Daejun Limited Edition

2015 Gayo Daejun Limited Edition (Korean: 2015 가요대전 Limited Edition) it is an extended play recorded by various artists to major annual end-of-the-year music program Gayo Daejun broadcast by Seoul Broadcasting System (SBS).
# BRP Malapascua

BRP Malapascua (MRRV-4403) is the third ship of the Parola-class patrol vessels of the Philippine Coast Guard.

## Design and features

The Philippine Coast Guard clarified that the ship is a law enforcement vessel and is designed to conduct environmental and humanitarian missions, as well as maritime security operations and patrol missions.
The ship was designed with a bulletproof navigation bridge, and is equipped with fire monitors, night vision capability, a work boat, and radio direction finder capability.
The ship will be equipped with communications and radio monitoring equipment from Rohde & Schwarz, specifically the M3SR Series 4400 and Series 4100 software-defined communication radios, and DDF205 radio monitoring equipment. These equipment enhances the ship's reconnaissance, pursuit and communications capabilities.

## Delivery and commissioning

The ship left Yokohama, Japan on February 27, 2017, and arrived in the Port of Manila on March 3, 2017.with CDR Garydale Gimotea being her first commanding officer.
BRP Malapascua was commissioned during a commissioning ceremony held at Philippine Coast Guard headquarters in Manila on March 7, 2017, with CDR Garydale Gimotea being her first commanding officer. The ceremony was attended by the Speaker of the House of Representatives Cong. Pantaleon Alvarez, and Department of Transportation Sec. Arthur Tugade.

## Service history

The ship has distinguished itself in challenging missions. Notable of which are the patrols conducted in Benham Rise, Inabangga, Bohol terrorist incident. The vessel was also stationed in Mindanao conducting security patrols in the waters Basilan, Jolo, Tawi-tawi and supported the government's campaign in Marawi. Further, BRP Malapascua has resiliently responded to the people of Palawan, during the TS Vinta and TS Agaton, and saved many typhoon victims in Mangsee Island. The Officers and men of BRP Malapascua have effectively carried out the PCG mandates with dedication, competence and selflessness. This fine display of character epitomize the commitment of the true coastguardian.
On 6 February 2023, the Malapascua was on a mission to resupply the BRP Sierra Madre when it was challenged by a vessel of the China Coast Guard which pointed a laser at the Malapascua causing temporary blindness to some of her crew.
# William S. Mason

William Spencer Mason (May 25, 1832 – March 27, 1899) served as mayor of Portland, Oregon, from 1891 to 1894 and 1898 to 1899.

## Biography

Mason was born in Prince William County, Virginia, on May 25, 1832. From humble origins, he began his career in railroads in the South and Midwest, continuing in San Francisco in the early 1870s, where he helped organize street railway companies. After moving to the Northwest, he helped construct the Northern Pacific line between Tacoma and Seattle.
Moving to Portland in 1881, he established McCraken & Mason, then the W. S. Mason Company, and in 1886 converted the firm into a partnership with Edward Ehrman as Mason, Ehrman & Company, a major wholesale grocery business in the Pacific Northwest. He later was president of the Portland National Bank and vice-president of the Portland Chamber of Commerce.
At the beginning of his first term as mayor, Portland consolidated with the cities of East Portland and Albina, and the city council was expanded from nine to 16 members, under a new city charter. He thrived on public contact, locating his desk in the new City Hall in 1894 in public view, and oversaw the city's recovery from the major flood of that year.
He began his second term as Portland mayor on July 1, 1898, but died before completing it. He began his second term by replacing the entire (corrupt) police department. He died on March 27, 1899, after an illness lasting about six weeks.
He devoted most of his fortune, and his wife's, to paying the depositors of the Portland National Bank during the Panic of 1893. His widow, Hannah Mason, died in 1908. Born in England and married once before, in Napa, California, she donated the property now known as Willamette Park to the City of Portland, where the Water Bureau's pumping station, dedicated in 2017, bears her name. The couple had no children.
# Stefan Krivtsov

Stefan Savvich Krivtsov (Russian: Степан Саввич Кривцов; 1885–1943) was a Russian Soviet professor of history and cultural activist who played a major part in the ideological development of the Proletkult.
He graduated from the Faculty of History, Physics and Mathematics, Moscow State University.
He saw the role of Proletkult as being involved in life-building: "The Proletkult is striving to create a new proletarian culture, not just new songs, new music, new theatre, but rather a whole new mode of life. we must create an entirely new world from top to bottom". He wrote for Proletarskaya Kul'tura, often critically when the reality of the movement did not live up to his vision.
    "In place of a club in Yaroslavl they have a cookhouse. The same goes for the club in Petrovsk. They named it after comrade Lenin and it should have the clearest and loftiest goals, such as the unification of the workers and the wakening of their interest in and love for art. Instead they have some sort of free love unions."
In 1928, following the death of Alexander Bogdanov, Krivtsov wrote an account of his memories of one of the founding figures of Proletkult for the Under the Banner of Marxism.
He died in 1943 and is buried in the Donskoy Cemetery, Moscow.
# Ayya (river)

The Ayya (Russian: Айя) is a river in Perm Krai, Russia, a left tributary of Kolva which in turn is a tributary of Vishera. The river is 19 kilometres (12 mi) long. It flows into the Kolva at a point 246 kilometres (153 mi) from Kolva's mouth.
# Vdol po Piterskoy

"Vdol po Piterskoy" (Russian: Вдоль по Питерской, lit. "Down the Piterskaya Road") is one of the best-known Russian folk songs.

## Commentary
### Historical background

Vladimir Gilyarovsky, a Russian journalist and writer, devoted a chapter of his book Moscow and Muscovites to the song.
Some authors say that one ancient soldiers' song began with the same words ("Down the Petersky/"). Later that expression became a catchphrase meaning “to do something in plain sight” (to ride, to fly, etc.). Nikolai Dobronravov, a Russian poet, used the phrase in his song "You know what a guy he was" dedicated to Yuri Gagarin.

### Settings and performance

Some works of such composers as Tchaikovsky or Stravinsky contain themes based on «Vdol po Piterskoy».
The song was popularized by Feodor Chaliapin and by the Alexandrov Ensemble. It also appeared in the repertoires of Yuri Gulyayev, Leonid Kharitonov, Dmitri Hvorostovsky, Sergei Lemeshev, Vladimir Matorin, and Muslim Magomayev.
# Ringaudai Eldership

Ringaudai Eldership (Lithuanian: Ringaudų seniūnija) is a Lithuanian eldership, located in the western part of Kaunas District Municipality.
# Estonian Provincial Government

The Estonian Provincial Government (Estonian: Eesti Ajutine Maavalitsus) was in office in Estonia from 2–3 August 1917 to 1918, when it was succeeded by Estonian Provisional Government. This provincial government was the executive body for Autonomous Governorate of Estonia.
# Bernhard Zomber

Bernhard (Dov Bär) Zomber (Yiddish: דוב־בער צאמבער, romanized: Dov-Ber Tsomber; 1821–1884) was a Polish rabbinic scholar.

## Biography

Bernhard Zomber was born in Lask, Poland, in 1821. Having acquired a fair knowledge of rabbinical literature in his native country, he went to Germany to study under Joseph Shapiro in Inowrazlaw and Jacob Ettinger in Altona. He latter attended the Universities of Würzburg and Berlin. In 1871, Zomber assumed the role of principal teacher at the Bet ha-Midrash of Berlin, a position he held until his death.
Zomber's scholarly contributions include Hilkhot Pesaḥim, a commentary on Passover laws compiled by Isaac ibn Ghiyyat, accompanied by Zomber's own commentary under the title Devar Halakhah; Ma'amar, an essay on Rashi's commentary on the tractates of Nedarim and Mo'ed Ḳaṭan; Moreh derekh, a compilation of the commentaries of Gershon Me'or ha-Golah and Rashi on Mo'ed Ḳaṭan; and Shiṭṭah Meḳubbeẓet, a collection of novellæ by Bezalel Ashkenazi on Nedarim.
In addition to these works, Zomber contributed a number of articles to Jewish scholarly periodicals. Significantly, he authored a study on Judah ben Yaḳar, an early commentator on the Jerusalem Talmud, first published in the Monatsschrift für die Geschichte und Wissenschaft des Judenthums in 1860. An expanded Hebrew version was printed in Ha-Karmel in 1863.

## Selected publications

* Shiṭah meḳubetset ʻal masekhet Nedarim. Berlin: Kornegg. 1860.
* Hilkhot Pesaḥim. Berlin: M. Poppelauer. 1864.
* Maʼamar ʻal perush Rashi leha-masekhtot Nedarim u-Moʻed Ḳaṭan. Berlin: J. Benzian. 1867.
* Moreh derekh. Berlin: R. Siebert. 1870.
# Jugaari

Jugaari (Kannada: ಜುಗಾರಿ) is a 2010 Kannada film directed by S. D. Arvind. The music of the film was composed by Arjun Janya.The film was produced by Ramesh G.R.

## Cast

* Avinash Diwakar as Shankara
* Harshika Poonacha
* Avinash
* Sharath Lohitashwa
* B. Suresha
* Girija Lokesh

## Reception
### Critical response

BS Srivani from Deccan Herald wrote "Harshika tries mightily to chew a role that is big for her and does a creditable job. The rest - Shivaji Jadhav, Avinash and several other actors - have all done a splendid job. “Jugaari” is intelligent cinema, with little “mass” appeal". A critic from The New Indian Express wrote "Aravind’s USP is the narration of the story during the post-intermission session. The climax of this film is not only hilarious but also interesting and Suresh’s dialogues laced with North Karnataka diction give the audience a hearty laugh. Another scene, where the hero translocates a so-called social worker to a garbage dumping yard, provides comic relief".
# Jankomir interchange

The Jankomir interchange (Croatian: Čvor Jankomir) is a cloverleaf interchange west of Zagreb, Croatia. It is named after nearby Zagreb neighborhood of Jankomir. The interchange represents the southern terminus of the A2 motorway and it connects the A2 route to the A3 motorway representing a major link in the Croatian motorway system. The interchange is a part of Pan-European corridors X and Xa. It also represents a junction of European routes E59 and E70.
Construction of the interchange marked start of construction of the A3 motorway in its present form. In 1979, it became a part of the first six-lane (including emergency lanes) section, constructed as a part of the Zagreb bypass—5.85-kilometre (3.64 mi) section connecting the Jankomir and Lučko interchanges. At the time of construction, the interchange connected the new Zagreb bypass to former Brotherhood and Unity Highway which linked Zagreb to Slovenian border and a two-lane road to Krapina. The former was subsequently upgraded to become a part of the A3 motorway (west of the interchange) and Ž1035—four-lane connector to Zagreb, while the latter was upgraded and became the A2 motorway.
# Ri Yong-rae

Ri Yong-rae (Korean: 리영래) is a North Korean politician. He is a member of the Central Committee of the Workers' Party of Korea.

## Biography

Born in Jangryong of the People's Army of Korea, he was promoted to Lieutenant General in February 2012 after being a Major general in April 2002. In May 2016, at the 7th Congress of the Workers' Party of Korea, he was appointed to the 7th Central Committee of the Workers' Party of Korea and the head of the Civil Defense Department of the Workers' Party of Korea. In March 2014, he was elected at the 13th convocation to the Supreme People's Assembly.