OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Saljuq-nama

The Saljūq-Nāma (Persian: سلجوق‌نامه, "Book of Seljuk [Empire]") is a history of the Great Seljuk Empire written by the Persian historian Zahir al-Din Nishapuri around 1175. Written in Persian, it has been acknowledged as the primary source for Saljuq material for Persian works dating from 13th century to 15th century, which include; Rahat al-sudur, Jami al-tawarikh, Tarikh-i Guzida, Zubdat al-Tawarikh and Rawdat as-Safa. Abu l'Qasim Qashani, a historian who wrote about the Ilkhanids, made alterations and additions to the original text, which was later misidentified as the original Saljuq-nama.

## Content

The Saljuq-nama is vague concerning the history of the sultans prior to Toghrul III, as noted by Claude Cahen, that Nishapuri had "...relatively poor sources at his disposal for the Seljuqs before his own lifetime..." Yet it is a short, restrained history using different sources than those used by Arabic writers of that time. Its textual history is complicated; as a preface in rhyme, it first appears as the historical part of a compendium known as Rahat al-sudur. A later version appears in the 14th century compendium of histories known as Jami al-tawarikh, which was compiled by Rashid al-Din Fadl Allah, vizier of the Ilkhanids of Iran.

## Modern era

In 1953, Ismail Afshar claimed he had found a copy of the Saljuq-nama. A.H. Morton believes this copy to be a work by Abu al-Qasim Kashani. Accordingly, no copy of the Saljuq-nama is believed to exist today. However, A.H. Morton is producing a text based on MS. Persian 22b which is an anonymous history of the Seljuqs dedicated to Sultan Toghrul III. Morton contends that this is a copy of Nishapuri's original work.
# Ernst Julius Hähnel

Ernst Julius Hähnel (9 March 1811 – 22 May 1891) was a German sculptor and Professor at the Dresden Academy of Fine Arts.
He is especially remembered for his public statuary. His works of art can be admired throughout Germany.

## Life

He was born in Dresden on 9 March 1811.
He originally studied architecture at the Dresden Academy then, in 1826, went to the Academy of Fine Arts, Munich, where he remained until 1831 and later switched to sculpture after taking classes with Ernst Rietschel and Ludwig Schwanthaler. He took a study trip to Rome and Florence and returned to Munich, living there from 1835 to 1838, when he was appointed to the Dresden Academy.
Upon arriving there, Gottfried Semper entrusted him with the preparation of some sculptures for the new Semperoper (Opera House). In 1845, he created the Beethoven Monument in Bonn, the work which made him famous. He became a full Professor at the Dresden Academy in 1848. Johannes Schilling and Christian Behrens were among his best-known students.
In 1859, he received an Honorary Doctorate from the University of Leipzig and, in 1883, became an Honorary citizen of Dresden.
He died on 22 May 1891 and is buried in the Old Catholic Cemetery in south Dresden. The original grave was removed due to the German practice of requiring ongoing payments by relatives not being paid, but was replaced by a new grave in April 2016.

## Selected works

* 1867: Statue of King Frederick Augustus II of Saxony in Dresden
* 1874: Equestrian statue of Count Frederick William, Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel in Braunschweig
* 1874: Plaque of Ludwig Tieck at the former location of his home near the Altmarkt in Dresden
* Beethoven Monument, Bonn (1845)
* Emperor Charles IV in Prague (1848)
* Equestrian statue of Karl Philipp Fürst zu Schwarzenberg in Vienna (1867)
* Theodor Körner Monument in Dresden (1871)
* Leibniz Monument in Leipzig (1883)

### Other notable works

* Raphael, Albertinum, Dresden
# Ernst Herter

Ernst Gustav Herter (14 May 1846, Berlin – 19 December 1917, Berlin) was a German sculptor. He specialized in creating statues of mythological figures.

## Life and work

Herter studied at the Academy of Arts in Berlin and later also as apprentice of Ferdinand August Fischer [de], Gustav Blaeser and Albert Wolff. In 1869 he created his own studio. In 1875, he made a study trip to Italy. Professor Herter was a member of the Prussian Academy of Arts.
On 8 July 1899, Herter was present in New York when his Heinrich Heine memorial sculpture, known as the Lorelei Fountain, was unveiled in The Bronx, New York City. The Lorelei Fountain was originally intended for Heine's city of birth, Düsseldorf, to mark the centenary of his birth. This project was squelched due to the antisemitic and nationalistic sentiment that pervaded the German Reich at that time.
Among his most famous works is Sterbender Achill (Dying Achilles), created in Berlin in 1884. The statue was acquired by the Empress of Austria and became the centerpiece at her palace Achilleion in Corfu, Greece. His second original sculpture of Dying Achilles is in Poland in Elbląg at Łączności street opposite the City Hall. It was a gift from the German Ministry of Culture and Arts.
Herter was the subject of the book by Georg Malkowsky "Ernst Herter, Beitrag zurGeschichte der Berliner Bildhauerschule" published in 1906. On page 57 appears the photograph of the statue "Der Ruhende Alexander" (The Resting Alexander). A marble version of this statue is the subject of an open restitution claim. See Link to pending claim in References.

## Selected sculptures

* Dying Achilles, Achilleion Palace, Corfu, Greece
* The Lorelei Fountain, The Bronx, New York City
* War Memorial, 1875, Berlin-Spandau
* The Rare Catch, 1896 Viktoriapark Berlin
* Orpheus, 1902 Berlin-Wedding
* The Muse Terpsichore, 1909, Thorn
# Open access in the Netherlands

Scholarly communication of the Netherlands published in open access form can be found by searching the National Academic Research and Collaboration Information System (NARCIS). The web portal was developed in 2004 by the Data Archiving and Networked Services [nl] of the Dutch Research Council (NWO) and Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences.
Brill Publishers, National Library of the Netherlands, OAPEN Foundation, Stichting Fair Open Access Alliance, Utrecht University Library, and VU University Amsterdam Library belong to the Open Access Scholarly Publishers Association.

## Policy

The Dutch government has voiced the ambition that by 2019 60% of all publications from Dutch research universities should be published as open access, and by 2024 this should be 100%. The Society of Dutch Universities [nl] is negotiating big deals with publishers, where open access publication for Dutch corresponding authors is free of additional charge. In 2020, the Dutch research organised signed a four year transformative agreement with publishers Elsevier. In October 2024 it was reported that in 2023 94.6% of the publications resulting from grants from NWO and ZonMw were open access.

## Repositories

There are some 36 collections of scholarship in the Netherlands housed in digital open access repositories.
# Istihsan al-Khawd fi 'Ilm al-Kalam

Al-Hath 'ala al-Bahth (Arabic: الحث على البحث, lit. 'The Encouragement/Exhortation to Investigation/Research'), better known as Risalat Istihsan al-Khawd fi 'Ilm al-Kalam (Arabic: رسالة استحسان الخوض في علم الكلام, lit. 'Treatise on the Appropriateness/Permissibility of Dealing with the Science of Kalam') is a brief treatise written by the Sunni theologian Abu al-Hasan al-Ash'ari (d. 324/935), in which he defends the use of kalam (speculative or dialectical theology) and its rational methods, and discusses the antagonism between nazar (consideration) and taqlid (in this context means “blind imitation” or following the opinion and practice of others unquestionably, without due inquiry).
Unlike ultra-traditionalists, al-Ash'ari considered debate, inquiry or argument, and use of the tools of logic, sense and reason in religious matters, including the matter of the doctrines of the faith as permissible, citing evidences from the Qur'an and the Sunnah that supports and endorses dialectical rational thinking, logical reasoning, and critical examination and analysis in theology.

## Content

In this work, al-Ash'ari reflected himself as opposed to the ultra-traditionalists, literalists or fundamentalists (probably some of those associated with the Hanbali school), and described them as being ignorant, unable to rationalize or inquire into religious matters, and inclined to blind imitation of authority.
Beginning with a widespread critique of systematic theological reflection, the text responds from several perspectives to “objections” posed by opponents of kalām, offering a concise summary of one major systematic theological method.
Al-Ash'ari defended kalam and mutakallimun (dialectic theologians), which means he gave strong recommendation on reason. To him, the basic principles, the objectives, and the method of kalam were generally present in the Qur'an and traditions. Al-Ash'ari emphasized that Qur'an and Hadith never neglect the role of reason and allow speculative thinking (nazar) and rational inference to be implemented.

## Translation

The treatise was translated into English in 1953 by Richard J. McCarthy [ar] and published under the title of The Theology of al-Ashʻarī: The Arabic Texts of al-Ashʻarī's Kitāb al-Luma' and Risālat Istiḥsān al-Khawḍ fi 'Ilm al-Kalām.

## Exposition

Samir al-Qadi, a student of 'Abdullah al-Harari, wrote a commentary on the treatise, entitled Idah al-Maram min Risalat al-Ash'ari al-Imam (Arabic: إيضاح المرام من رسالة الأشعري الإِمام). First published in 2017 in Lebanon by Dar al-Mashari'.

## Reception and influence

Al-Bayhaqi (d. 458/1066) frequently quotes al-Ash'ari in al-Asma' wa al-Sifat. He apparently narrated from al-Ash'ari's treatise Istihsan al-Khawd fi 'Ilm al-Kalam ("The Endorsement of the Study of Dialectic Theology").
# Potrekhnovo

58°57′37″N 27°59′26″E﻿ / ﻿58.960283°N 27.990558°E﻿ / 58.960283; 27.990558
Potrekhnovo (Russian: Потрехново) is a village in Gdovsky District of Pskov Oblast, Russia.
# Koh Pring

Koh Pring, (Khmer: កោះព្រីង, Jambul Island, Koh Prins(former French name) is a Cambodian island in the gulf of Thailand, 64 km off the coastal city of Sihanoukville. Official sources provide no data of civilian communities on the "Outer Islands". Administration falls to the Cambodian navy, as the island lies within the national marine border in which it represents an isolated outpost.

## Geography

Koh Pring is in fact the largest island of a tiny archipelago of 3 islands (Koh Pring, Koh Doung and Koh Trangol). Pring - ព្រីង - is Khmer for Jambul (jambolan, jamblang, or jamun), the fruit of an evergreen, flowering tropical tree.
# Scott Phillpott

A US Naval captain, Scott Phillpott came to prominence after informing the 2004 9/11 Commission that a data-mining project named Able Danger had identified hijack leader Mohamed Atta as a threat tied to al-Qaeda and living in Brooklyn as early as January 2000, many months before his attack in September 2001.
He was quoted by Fox News in August 2005 as stating I have briefed the Department of the Army, the Special Operations Command and the office of (Undersecretary of Defense for Intelligence) Dr. Cambone as well as the 9/11 Commission. My story has remained consistent.
Phillpott and a civilian technician identified as "JD Smith" were the two sources for Army Lt. Col. Anthony Shaffer's claims of an intelligence failure.
Phillpott has commanded the USS Typhoon (PC 5), USS Samuel Eliot Morison (FFG 13), USS ESTOCIN (FFG-15), and USS Leyte Gulf (CG 55).
# Nik

Nik is a male nickname/moniker derived from the Ancient Greek word νίκη (nike), meaning 'victory'.
The name Nik is a shortened form that can have several meanings.
One of the interpretations is that the name Nik comes from the name Nike, the mythological goddess of victory, according to another interpretation it is an abbreviation of the name Nikat, which means spiritual man, and according to the third interpretation it is a derivative of the names Nike or Nikica, which refer to victory. Sometimes the name is shortened to Dominic, which means one who belongs to God.
In kelantan state malaysia and pattani thailand, Nik is a title in front of their names used for who have descend royal bllood from a mother
People:
* Nik Bärtsch (born 1971), Swiss pianist, composer and producer
* Nik Bonitto (born 1999), American football player
* Nik Caner-Medley (born 1983), American basketball player
* Nik Cohn (born 1946), British rock journalist
* Nik Constantinou (born 1999), Australian-American football player
* Nik Kershaw (born 1958), English singer-songwriter, composer, musician and record producer
* Nik Lewis (born June 3, 1982), American gridiron football player and coach
* Nik Needham (born 1996), American football player
* Nik Omladič (born 1989), Slovenian footballer
* Nik Richie (born Hooman Karamian in 1979), American blogger, author and Internet personality
* Nik Stauskas (born 1993), Canadian National Basketball Association player
* Nik Turner (1940–2022), English musician
* Nik Wallenda (born 1979), American acrobat, aerialist, daredevil, high wire artist and author
* Nik Welter (1871 – 1951), Luxembourgish writer and politician
* Nik Xhelilaj (born 1983), Albanian film and stage actor
* Nik Zagranitchni (born 1969), Israeli Olympic wrestler
* Nik Abdul Aziz Nik Mat (1931-2015), Malaysian politician and Muslim cleric
* Nik Ahmad Fadly Nik Leh (born 1977), Malaysian former footballer
* Nik Nazmi Nik Ahmad (born 1982), Malaysian politician
* Nik Shahrul Azim Abdul Halim (born 1990), Malaysian footballer
* Cristian Dzwonik (born 1971), Argentinean cartoonist better known as Nik, creator of Gaturro
* one half of the Danish R&B/hip-hop/pop duo Nik & Jay, real name Niclas Genckel Petersen
* Nik P., Austrian schlager singer Nikolaus Presnik (born 1962)
# Asman

Asman (Avestan: 𐬀𐬯𐬨𐬀𐬥, romanized: asman) is the Avestan and Middle Persian name of the Zoroastrian divinity that is the hypostasis of the sky. Asman is the "highest heaven," and is distinguished from the firmament, 𐬚𐬡𐬁𐬴𐬀 (θβāṣ̌a), which lies nearer the earth. The 27th day of the Zoroastrian calendar is dedicated to him. In the Veda, अश्मन (áśman) means 'sky'. It also means "stone" so the specific sense in reference to the sky is as "stony firmament".
In the Avesta, specifically in the Vendidad, the word is mentioned as being the first thing created. The word is also the origination of the word آسمان (âsmân) in modern Persian and numerous languages of South Asia.
# Siefredus of Northumbria

Siefredus (Old Norse: Sigfrøðr) was a Norse King of Northumbria. Numismatic evidence suggests he ruled from around 895 until 900, succeeding Guthfrith.

## Discovery

In 1840 a hoard of over 8,000 items (known as the Cuerdale Hoard) was found in Cuerdale, Lancashire, England. A number of Northumbrian silver coins bearing the inscription SIEFREDUS REX (King Siefredus) were found as part of this hoard, indicating the existence of a previously unknown king. The name of another previously-unknown king, Cnut, also appears on coins found in the Cuerdale Hoard. The sequence of coin issues indicates that Cnut ruled after Siefredus, from around 900 until 905. It also suggests Siefredus succeeded Guthfrith and ruled from about 895 until 900. The names of both Cnut and Siefredus appear on some coins, perhaps indicating they were co-rulers for a period of time.

## Identity

The historian Alfred Smyth and others have proposed that Siefredus may be the same person as the Sigfrith that led a Viking fleet against Wessex in 893. Moreover, it is suggested that he is the same as the Sichfrith who claimed the Kingdom of Dublin in that same year. Though there is no way to know for sure if this Sichfrith and the one mentioned in the Irish Annals are the same, it is certainly plausible, and it is likely that there was contact between the Viking kingdoms of Northumbria and Dublin during this period. Two competing theories have been put forward for Siefredus's origins. Smyth has proposed Siefredus was a Northumbrian who sailed to Dublin after his fleet landed troops in Wessex. According to this theory Siefredus failed to take the city and caused the strife among the Vikings of Dublin noted by the Annals of Ulster. Angus instead proposes that Siefredus was a Dubliner who left for England after he failed to take the throne. Smyth's explanation is considered more likely since Æthelweard in his Chronicon implies Sichfrith was a Northumbrian. An altogether different suggestion, put forward by Cannon and Hargreaves, is that Siefredus is identical to his successor, Cnut.
# Malakand

Malakand (Pashto: ملاکنډ) may refer to:

## Places in Pakistan

* Malakand Agency, a tribal area in the North West Frontier Province before 1970
* Malakand District, a district in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, also known as Malakand Protected Area
* Malakand (union council), an administrative unit in Malakand District
* Malakand Division, an administrative division between 1970 and 2000
* Malakand Fort, a fort in Khyber Pakhtunwala
* Malakand Pass, a mountain pass, the location of Malakand Fort
* University of Malakand, a public university in Chakdara, Pakistan

## Other uses

* SS Malakand, the name of two ships
# Erhan Güven

Erhan Güven (born 15 May 1982) is a Turkish former football defender.

## Honours
### Beşiktaş JK

* Turkish Cup : 2010-11
# Shad Baghi

Shad Baghi (Persian: شادباغي) may refer to:
* Shad Baghi, East Azerbaijan
* Shad Baghi, Markazi
# Jolla (smartphone)

The Jolla smartphone (or Jolla 1 or J1) is a smartphone produced by Jolla that runs the Sailfish OS. Following a successful crowdfunding campaign, it was manufactured in China and released on 27 November 2013. The Jolla smartphone is no longer supported by Sailfish OS updates, the last update compatible being v3.4.0, released on 22 September 2020.
Like the Nokia N9, the Jolla diverted from the at that time conventional smartphone home button centric user interface and only featured a power button and a volume up and down rocker switch. Instead it relied on a swipe interface to close and switch between screens and applications would access a pulley menu to select menu items inside applications.
In addition to the comparably limited number of native Sailfish applications available in the Jolla app store, the Jolla Phone featured the proprietary Alien Dalvik to provide support for and installing Android-applications from Aptoide.

## First unveiled device

On 20 May 2013, after IamTheOtherHalf internet campaign, Jolla unveiled the following details and design of their first device:
* 4.5 in IPS qHD (540×960) "Estrade" display
* Qualcomm Snapdragon 400 1.4 GHz dual-core
* 16 GB of storage memory
* microSD support
* 8 MPix AF camera, back
* 2 MPix camera, front
* 2100 mAh user-replaceable battery
* "The Other Half"
* Gesture-based Sailfish OS
* Android applications compliant
* MicroUSB
* 3.5 mm headphone jack
* Buttonless display, gesture navigation
* Device in English language version
* Qt, QML, HTML5 (see: Sailfish OS architecture)
The Sailfish OS SDK was published at the end of February 2013.
The Jolla smartphone is compatible with frequency bands in the ITU region 1: 4G (LTE) bands 3 (1800 MHz), 7 (2600 MHz) and 20 (800 MHz); 3G (WCDMA / UMTS) band 1 (2100 MHz), 8 (900 MHz); 2G (GSM) bands 850 MHz, 900 MHz, 1800 MHz, 1900 MHz. 4G and 3G will work in Europe but support is not guaranteed in other regions, even if a compatible frequency band is used.

### Retail availability

Jolla started shipping the phone in late November 2013. At first the phone could only be ordered on the web from within the European Union.
The phone also became available in the stores of the Finnish carrier DNA on 11 December 2013.
On 28 April 2014, the Jolla phone became available in Estonia at the outlets of Elisa Eesti, the first operator outside Finland to offer the phone in their shops.
On 25 July 2014 Jolla opened the first Jolla store in Kazakhstan in association with Mobile Invest.
On 12 August 2014 Jolla was launched in Hong Kong in a partnership with 3 Hong Kong.
In September 2014, Jolla launched in India on e-retailer Snapdeal.
In November 2014, Jolla launched in Russia.

### Support

Sailfish OS updates were provided for the Jolla 1 for 7 years.
Other Linux distributions like postmarketOS continue to provide updates for the original Jolla phone but don't support calls, SMS or mobile data.
# Queen Seonpyeong

Queen Seonpyeong of the Gim clan (Korean: 선평왕후 김씨; Hanja: 宣平王后 金氏; d. 1179) was the older sister of Gim Yi-yeong (김이영) who became the fourth wife of King Injong of Goryeo upon their marriage in 1127. She was treated well even after his death by became the Princess Yeonsu (연수궁주; 延壽宮主) and Dowager Consort (왕태비; 王太妃) which was little lower than a queen mother since his successors were all came from Queen Im, who became the queen dowager. Meanwhile, she was later died in 1179 (9th years reign of King Myeongjong) and received her posthumous name, Seonpyeong (선평; 宣平).

## In popular culture

* Portrayed by Kim Bo-mi in the 2003–4 KBS TV series Age of Warriors.
# Fletcher Allen

Fletcher Allen (July 25, 1905 – August 5, 1995) was an American jazz saxophonist, clarinetist, and composer.

## Biography

Several published sources have incorrectly stated that Allen was born in Cleveland, Ohio. The Social Security index, the United States Veterans index, Allen's draft registration card, and the Wisconsin Births and Christenings Index all confirm that he was born in La Crosse, Wisconsin.
In 1926 he relocated to New York City as a member of the Scott brothers band. Cecil Scott was also a wind instrumentalist and Lloyd Scott was a drummer, and they co-led the band in performances at the Savoy Ballroom. In addition to performing with the group, Allen also recorded with the ensemble in 1927.
In 1927, he travelled to Europe working in a band under the direction of Leon Abbey, a bandleader whose popularity in jazz started off a 1936 tour of India in which Allen also was involved.
In 1938, he started playing with Benny Carter, with both him and Carter playing alto saxophone and clarinet, both had excellent reputations as arrangers.
In late 1938 he travelled to Egypt with the Harlem Rhythmakers, and did not return to the United States until 1940. He served in the United States Army during World War II from January 1943 until August 1945.
In the late 1940s he began playing the baritone saxophone. He continued playing in New York City with a variety of band leaders up into the 1970s; including Fred “Taxi” Mitchell in 1970–1971.
His composition "Viper's Dream" has become a jazz staple.

## Compositions

* "Viper's Dream" – recorded by Freddy Taylor (1935), Hot Club de France quintet (1937) and Sebastian Giniaux in 2008.
* "Swingin' in Paris" (1938)
# Sound of Jura

The Sound of Jura (Scottish Gaelic: An Linne Rosach) is a Sound in Argyll and Bute, Scotland. It is one of the several Sounds of Scotland. It is to the east of the island of Jura and the west of Knapdale, in the north of the Kintyre Peninsula, of the Scottish mainland. Lochs that lead to the sound include Loch Sween, and Loch Killisport (Caolisport (Scottish Gaelic)). It is not to be confused with the Sound of Islay, which lies between Jura and Islay. Most of Jura's small population lives on the east coast, overlooking the sound.

## Gulf of Corryvreckan

The Gulf of Corryvreckan, which contains a notorious whirlpool, the world's third largest, located at the north of the Sound.

## Crinan Canal

The Crinan Canal's west exit is also on the Sound of Jura. The canal is a shorter route from Loch Fyne, than sailing round the Mull of Kintyre.

## Lighthouses
### Ruadh Sgeir Lighthouse

The Ruadh Sgeir Lighthouse, built in 1906, by David A and Charles Stevenson. It is a category C listed structure (LB52575). Located at grid reference NR 72141 92628.

### Skervuile Lighthouse

The Skervuile Lighthouse, was completed in 1865, built by David and Thomas Stevenson. Located at grid reference NR 60459 71191, at the entrance to Lowlandman’s Bay.

## George Orwell

Intermittently between 1946 and 1949, George Orwell (Eric Arthur Blair (25 June 1903 – 21 January 1950)), stayed in Barnhill, a farmhouse on the northeast of the island overlooking the Sound, while he completed his novel Nineteen Eighty-Four.

## Gallery

* Islets in the Sound of Jura
* Sunset over the Sound of Jura, Carsaig Bay
* Dubh Sgeir The sound of Jura
* Ruadh Sgeir Lighthouse
* Skervuile lighthouse