OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Mabel Frances Layng

Mabel Frances Layng (9 November 1881 – December 1937) was an English landscape and figure painter.

## Early life and education

Layng was born at the Grammar School House, Cumberland Street, Macclesfield, Cheshire; she was the eldest of two daughters of Alfred Edward Freestone Layng and Ada Mary Coates. Alfred Layng was widowed in 1883 and in March 1884 he took up the post of headmaster of King Edward VI School in Stafford, Staffordshire, taking his daughters with him.
In 1902 Mabel Layng left Stafford to study at the St. John's Wood Art School. She then went on to study under Frank Brangwyn at the London School of Art in Kensington between 1906 and 1908.

## Career

From 1914 until her death in 1937 she lived with her sister Ada in Ealing, Middlesex, earning a living as a professional artist. Her work was first exhibited at the Royal Academy of Arts in 1916 ("The Strolling Players"). Further paintings were accepted by the Royal Academy: "Mars and Venus" (1920), "The Picnic" (1921), "The Workroom" (1922) and "Crossing the Road" (1928), and her work was also exhibited during her lifetime at the Paris Salon, Glasgow Institute of the Fine Arts, Goupil Gallery, International Society, London Salon, Royal Institute of Oil Painters, Walker's Galleries in London, Women's International Art Club and the Queen Street Gallery in London.
After Layng's death, her sister organised a memorial exhibition of her oil paintings and watercolours, held at the Arlington Gallery, Old Bond Street, London in March 1938. Many of the paintings in this exhibition were purchased by, or given to, museums and galleries across the United Kingdom. As of 2017, her paintings are at Chelmsford Museum, Doncaster Museum and Art Gallery, Ferens Art Gallery in Hull, Graves Art Gallery in Sheffield, Macclesfield Museums, Newport Museum, Northampton Museum and Art Gallery, Nuneaton Museum and Art Gallery, Russell-Cotes Art Gallery & Museum in Bournemouth, Staffordshire County Museum Service, Potteries Museum & Art Gallery, The Hepworth Wakefield and Wolverhampton Art Gallery.
# Al Al-Thurya

Al Al-Thurya (Arabic: آل الثرياء) is a sub-district located in As Sawma'ah District, Al Bayda Governorate, Yemen. Al Al-Thurya had a population of 2229 according to the 2004 census.
# Louise Pickard

Louise Pickard (12 December 1865 – 6 June 1928) was an English painter of still life, landscapes and portraits.

## Biography

Pickard was born in Kingston upon Hull and studied at the Slade School of Art in London between 1898 and 1900 and then studied sculpture in Paris for a time. She exhibited at the Royal Academy on eight occasions between 1909 and her death in 1928. Pickard exhibited at the New English Art Club for the first time in 1909 and became a member in 1923. She also exhibited with the International Society of Sculptors, Painters and Gravers. In January 1924 the Goupil Gallery in London held a joint exhibition by Charles Ginner, Ethel Walker and Pickard.
For many years Pickard had a studio in Chelsea in London and also worked on both the French Riviera and in North Yorkshire for a time. Her paintings are in the collections of several museums and galleries in the United Kingdom, including the Ferens Art Gallery, Cartwright Hall and the Tate. She died in London and the Alpine Club Gallery held a memorial exhibition for Pickard in 1928.
# Dasht, Armenia

Dasht (Armenian: Դաշտ, meaning "field") is a town in the Armavir Province of Armenia. Just outside the town is a 1st millennium BCE fortress.

## History

The village was founded in 1926 in the Oshakan village and had the name Little Oshakan. Around the village are the ruins of the Cyclopean fortress called "Ardar David" by the locals, it was constructed around BC. 2-1 millennium.

## Geography

The village is located in the Middle-Araksian plain, at an height of 945 m above sea level. The climate is dry and very dry. Winters begin in mid-December, the average January temperature ranges from -3 to -5 °C.
Summer is long, from May to October, the average monthly air temperature reaches 24 to 26 °C, and the maximum reaches 42 °C. Often there are niches that cause significant damage to agriculture. The amount of annual atmospheric precipitation is 250-300 mm.
Natural landscapes are semi-deserts, which during irrigation have been transformed into cultural-irrigable landscape. From the agro-climatic point of view, the community lies in the absolute irrigation zone. It is rich in artesian waters, which are used as drinking water.

## Economy

The village has 349 existing households. It has a school, a library, a medical center, and a communication hub. The agricultural plots are irrigated with the waters of the Armavir canal. Arable land (79 ha), orchards (19 ha) and vineyards (12 ha) have a large share of agricultural land. State lands are mainly used as pastures, amounting to 45 ha. They are engaged in fruit growing, vegetable growing, horticulture, poultry breeding, and cattle breeding.

## Community based issues

Among the problems of the community, the main one is the issue of irrigation water and the issue of irrigation, drinking water water lines, the repair of inter-village roads, and the issue of school construction. The sale of agricultural products is also emphasized.
# St. Ignatius College, Barcelona

St. Ignatius College (Catalan: Jesuïtes Sarrià-Sant Ignasi) is a private Catholic primary and secondary school and vocational training facility, located in the Sarrià neighbourhood of Barcelona, in Catalonia, an autonomous community in the northeastern corner of Spain. The school was founded in 1892 by the Society of Jesus.
St. Ignatius College currently offers kindergarten, primary, secondary high school, and vocational training; the compulsory part is government subsidized.

## History

The centre began as a boarding school in a rented municipal building in Manresa, which was evacuated after a misunderstanding between the Council and the Jesuits.
In 1892 the Jesuits bought the Gardeny property, consisting of a house and extensive gardens. An annex was built and classes began the same year. The current building was built between 1893 and 1896, and opened in 1895 unfinished (completed between 1915 and 1926). It was originally a boarding school but began admitting external students in 1905. In 1907 it had 20 teachers and 230 students, mostly boarders.
The school was closed in 1914 so that the facility could accommodate the Jesuit houses of philosophical and theological studies for the priesthood, but it reopened in 1927.
During the Second Republic as a result of the decree of expulsion of the Jesuits, the Government made it a public school until the end of the Civil War.
After 1939 the school was returned to the Jesuits and began to operate normally. Its enrollment was high in 1949, with a steady growth in students. The school currently has about 3,000 students.

## Notable alumni

* Alberto Fernández Díaz
* Andrés Iniesta
* Rafael Ribó
* Xavier Trias
* Carlos Ruiz Zafón

## Controversies
### Documentary

La Fugida
# Donald DeMag

Donald Edward DeMag (December 15, 1922 – December 8, 1954) was the last person executed by the U.S. state of Vermont.

## Life

Donald Edward DeMag was born in Burlington, Vermont on December 15, 1922.
Prior to his death sentence, DeMag had been sentenced to life imprisonment after being convicted of murder, and had escaped and been recaptured while trying to enter Canada.
In 1952, DeMag and fellow-prisoner Francis Blair escaped from the state prison in Windsor by crashing a laundry truck through the front gates.
While on the run, DeMag and Blair had attacked Elizabeth Weatherup and her husband in Springfield, Vermont. DeMag and Blair beat the couple with a lead pipe as they attempted to rob them. Weatherup died of her injuries. Two days after their escape, DeMag and Blair were recaptured. They were tried for first-degree murder, convicted and sentenced to death by electric chair.
Blair and DeMag were both executed by electric chair. Blair was executed on February 8, 1954.

## Death and burial

DeMag was executed at the prison in Windsor on December 8, 1954. He was buried at Holy Family Cemetery in Essex Junction, Vermont.

## Later death penalty case

Although DeMag was the last person executed by Vermont, he was not the last person to be sentenced to death by a Vermont court. Lionel Goyet, a soldier who was Absent Without Leave for the fifth time, robbed and killed a farmhand, and was sentenced to death in 1957. His sentence was commuted six months later, and Goyet was conditionally pardoned in 1969. He had no further problems with the law, and died in 1980.
The death penalty was effectively abolished by Vermont in 1965. It remained as a possible sentence if a defendant was convicted of murdering a prison employee or law enforcement officer, but was never used. As a result, the possibility of a death sentence in such cases was removed from state statutes by the Vermont General Assembly in 1987.
# Mosino

Mosino (Russian: Мосино) is a rural locality (a selo) in Vladimir, Vladimir Oblast, Russia. The population was 18 as of 2010. There are 20 streets.

## Geography

Mosino is located 16 km west of Vladimir. Spasskoye is the nearest rural locality.
# Alun Thomas

Alun Gruffydd Thomas (3 February 1926 – 8 May 1991) was a rugby union centre from Cwmavon who played international rugby for Wales between 1952 and 1955. He studied at UCW Aberystwyth and played for the college first team and the newly founded Rugby Club.
At club level he represented Cardiff, Swansea and Llanelli, and was also selected for invitational tourists The Barbarians. In 1955 he toured with the British Lions in South Africa, playing in five games. He then managed the team 19 years later on the 1974 tour of South Africa. He won his first cap as a centre against England in Twickenham.
# Noyalo

Noyalo (French pronunciation:; Breton: Noaloù) is a former commune in the Morbihan department of Brittany in north-western France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune Theix-Noyalo. Its population was 930 in 2021. Inhabitants of Noyalo are called in French Noyalais.
# Bob Thomas (rugby union)

Robert Thomas (1871 – 7 March 1910) was a Welsh international rugby union forward who played club rugby for Morriston and Swansea. Thomas was a Triple Crown winner, after representing Wales for all three matches on the 1900 Home Nations Championship.

## Rugby career

Thomas began his rugby playing career for local clubs across the Swansea area, before joining Morriston. Morriston was well known for providing players to first class club Swansea, and in 1892 Thomas too joined the team. Despite joining Swansea in 1892, it took until 1900 for him to be selected for the Wales national squad, joining the team in the opening match of the 1900 Home Nations Championship, played at Gloucester against England. The Welsh team saw an influx of new players, mainly brought into the back positions, but Thomas was one of two new caps in the forwards, along with Pontymister's William Williams. Wales won the game 13–3, and the Welsh selector's reacted by keeping faith with the Welsh forwards for the next game, apart from the enforced change of Dick Hellings. Played at Swansea's home ground at St. Helens, Thomas was part of the Welsh team to beat Scotland in another convincing win, this time by 12 points to three. The final game of the Championship was played at Belfast against Ireland, and with the Hellings returning the pack was back to the same line up as the first game of the tournament. A single try by Welsh centre George Davies gave Wales the win and their second Triple Crown, and made Thomas a Championship winning player.
Thomas played just one more international game, the opening match of the 1901 Home Nations Championship, facing England for the second time in his career. Played at the Cardiff Arms Park, Thomas again found himself on the winning side, but the next game he was replaced by William Alexander. Thomas finished his international career with four wins out of four.
At the end of the 1900/01 season Thomas retired from rugby and Swansea RFC responded by awarding him badges, 'up to the value of £10', but the presentation was not sanctioned by the Welsh Rugby Union. The argument of professionalism surrounded rugby union, and after the fallout from The Gould Affair, the WRU were worried of any international sanctions.

### International matches played

Wales
* England 1900, 1901
* Ireland 1900
* Scotland 1900

## Personal history

Thomas was a steel tube millman at the Mannesmann Tube Works in Landore. In 1905 he was involved in an industrial accident at his place of work when a pair of tongs went through his right hand, injuring him severely. The incident scarred him mentally as well as physically.
# Vladimir Shalin

Vladimir Radiyevich Shalin (Russian: Владимир Радиевич Шалин; 28 March 1965 – 9 June 2011) was a Russian professional football player and coach.
# D. J. Young

Curtis Duane Young Jr. (born January 26, 1988) is an American football offensive tackle. He was signed by the Arizona Cardinals as an undrafted free agent in 2011. He played college football at Michigan State.

## Early years

He attended J. W. Sexton High School in Lansing, Michigan. He was selected to play in the 2006 Michigan High School Football Coaches Association All-Star Game. He was named to the Detroit Free Press All-State Dream Team in his senior season at high school. He also was selected as the Big Red's Defensive Player of the Year also in his senior season.

## College career

He spent his freshman and sophomore seasons at Bowling Green. He transfer to Lansing Community College prior to the 2008 season. He spent his Junior and senior season at Michigan State. He was named Lineman of the Week vs. Northwestern during his junior season. In his Senior season, he was selected to the second-team All-Big Ten. He was selected to the second-team All-Big Ten by Rivals.com and Phil Steele.

## Professional career
### Arizona Cardinals

On July 26, 2011, he signed with the Arizona Cardinals as an undrafted free agent. On September 2, 2011, he was released. On September 5, he re-signed with the team to join the practice squad. On December 28, 2011, he was promoted to the active roster. On August 31, 2012, he was released on the day of final roster cuts.

### Cleveland Browns

On September 11, 2012, he signed with the Cleveland Browns to join the practice squad.

### New York Jets

Young was signed by the New York Jets on January 17, 2013, to a reserve/future contract. He was waived on April 30, 2013.

### St. Louis Rams

On August 12, 2013, Young was signed by the St. Louis Rams.

## Personal life

He is the son of Duane Young and Angela Anderson. His father was a tight end of the National Football League, where he played six seasons. He played for two teams in his NFL career, the San Diego Chargers (1991–1995) and the Buffalo Bills (1998).
# Sher Khan Bandar

Sher Khan or Shir Khan (Pashto: شیر خان بندر; Dari: شیرخان بندر) is a border town in the northern Kunduz Province of Afghanistan, next to the Panj River. The town's main attraction is the Sher Khan Bandar, which is a dry port and border checkpoint that officially connects by road Afghanistan with neighboring Tajikistan. It is located about 8 km (5.0 mi) northwest from the center of the town. The city of Kunduz is about 60 km (37 mi) of driving distance south from Sher Khan Bandar. The historical name of the town was Qizil Qalah. It was given the current name in honor of Sher Khan Nashir, Khan of the Nashers. The town has around 600 families.
Situated at an altitude of approximately 339 m (1,112 ft) in the Imam Sahib District of Kunduz Province, Sher Khan Bandar serves as one of the official land border crossings of Afghanistan with neighboring Tajikistan. It is a major transporting, shipping and receiving location. It has various facilities of different sizes, including Afghan government offices. Security in and around the town is provided by the Afghan National Security Forces. Every traveler between Afghanistan and Tajikistan is required to possess a valid travel visa.
Sher Khan began to grow after the completion of the Tajik–Afghan bridge at Panji Poyon in 2007. Its southern end is the official port of entry into Afghanistan. The bridge and the easy connectivity with Tajikistan boosted trade between Afghanistan and Central Asia. It has been reported in the past that as many as 400 shipping trucks passed through the town every day, carrying trade goods from one country to the other. This trade has also made many local shop owners wealthy. In November 2012, Afghan officials announced that they plan to build about 2,000 new residential houses, 41 business plazas including offices, shops and stores.
# Sierra Sidewinder

Sierra Sidewinder is a steel spinning roller coaster located in the Camp Snoopy section of Knott's Berry Farm. It was the first spinning roller coaster in the United States to feature trains with multiple spinning cars, rather than an individual spinning car, like those found on a Reverchon or Zamperla Twister Coaster. The ride was also one of the first roller coasters to feature on-ride video recordings, as opposed to the traditional still on-ride photograph.

## History

At the ACE Halloween Haunt event for the Southern California Region of American Coaster Enthusiasts in 2006, Jack Falfas, COO of Cedar Fair, hinted at something different in the coming year. Construction began shortly after the announcement with the removal of the Paddlewheel Boat Ride and relocation of Woodstock's Air Mail.
On November 29, 2006, Knott's Berry Farm announced that they would be adding Sierra Sidewinder. It would be located right next to the entrance of Camp Snoopy. The ride would be the park's eighth roller coaster.
Sierra Sidewinder officially opened on May 26, 2007.

## Trains

Sierra Sidewinder features two trains with four cars with two rows each, seating two per row back-to-back. Each car is locked in position in the station for stability during loading and unloading. Once the train leaves the station the cars spin freely on their own axis. After the train returns to the station, the cars are rotated back to the home position and the rotation is locked. The coaster is the first free-spinning model from Mack Rides of Waldkirch, Germany. Mack had previously built the spinning coaster, Euro-Mir, at its home park in Rust, Germany, but the car's rotation on that ride is controlled by a motor. The rotation is also locked during certain portions of the ride.
The Sierra Sidewinder ride structure and transfer track are unusual because the train storage is beneath the ride as opposed to being next to the ride. The on-ride video recording that was present on the trains when the ride opened was removed as of the 2011 season. Small holes on the fronts and rears of each car indicate where the video cameras were mounted.
# Reza Khoshnazar

Reza Khoshbin-e Khoshnazar (Persian: رضا خوش‌بين خوش‌نظر) is an Iranian novelist who published his first novel, The Gods Laugh on Mondays in 1995 when he was in his twenties. The reaction was hot and some conservative papers accused him of writing blasphemy and some zealots compared him with Salman Rushdie. Eventually, men came in the night and torched his publisher book shop, Morghe-Amin Publication House, in Tehran.
Author Khoshnazar has published six other novels in Sweden with Ferdosi Publication House entitled: The Prophet with the Head like a Squash in the Shadow of Dead Clock (Persian: پيغمبر كلّه كدو زير ساعت مرده), The End of Owl (Persian: آخر جغد), Tetraktus, the Damn Four (Persian: تتراكتوس، چهار لعنتي), Squint eyed and eyes of crows (Persian: لوچ ها و چشم آغول ها), Nebraska Syndrome (Persian: سندروم نبراسکا), and My red ass baboons (Persian: انتران کون سرخ من).
# Society of Estonian Literati

The Society of Estonian Literati (Estonian: Eesti Kirjameeste Selts – EKmS) was an influential association of Estonian intellectuals based in Tartu between the years 1871 and 1893.

## History

The articles of the Society of Estonian Literati was adopted in 1871. In March 1872 the first meeting was held in Viljandi. The society included the main Estonian writers, poets, artists and journalists of the time. Leading personalities were, among others, Friedrich Reinhold Kreutzwald, Hans Wühner, Jakob Hurt, Carl Robert Jakobson, Hugo Treffner and Johann Köler.
The aim of the society was the promotion of the Estonian language and literature in to enrich Estonian social life and a greater understanding by Estonians of their history and culture.
The society published approximately 100 items during its 18-year existence between 1873 and 1890. From 1887 the society also organized literary competitions. Under Jakob Hurt the Society systematically collected Estonian folk poetry. Members of the Society collected old documents, coins and ethnological artifacts. The society built an extensive library and organized numerous lectures.
At the beginning of the 1880s were internal political disputes between Jacob Hurt and Carl Robert Jakobson on future direction. In 1881 Hurt left with a group of his followers and Jakobson died a year later. The beginning of the Russification of Estonia split the society further. One group took a moderate stance towards the Tsarist demands, the other was an Estonian nationalist faction who largely rejected these concessions.
On 28 April 1893, the society was shut down by the Tsarist authorities.

## Presidents

* Jakob Hurt (1872–1881)
* Carl Robert Jakobson (1881/1882)
* Mihkel Veske (1882–1886)
* Hugo Treffner (1887–1890)
* Karl August Hermann (1890/1891)
* Johann Köler (1891–1893)

## Publications

* Friedebert Tuglas: Eesti Kirjameeste Selts. Tegevusolud, tegelased, tegevus.. Tartu 1932
# Harold Thomas (rugby union, born 1883)

Harold Howell Meredith "Drummer" Thomas (17 August 1883 – 10 February 1947) was a Welsh international forward who played club rugby for Swansea and Llanelli. He won just a single cap for Wales.

## Personal history

Thomas was born in Swansea in 1883. He served in the Welch Regiment and after the first World War he moved to Haverfordwest. He died in 1947 in Bournemouth, England.

## Rugby career

Thomas came to note as a rugby player when he joined Swansea. He spent just one season for Swansea before moving to local rivals Morriston RFC. He played just a few matches for Morriston, before being picked up by Llanelli RFC. It was while at Llanelli that Thomas was selected for Wales, playing France at Rodney Parade in Newport. Although Wales won the game, it was seen as far too close a match and eight members of the Welsh team played their last Five Nations Championship game. Thomas was one of the eight dropped and never represented Wales again.

### International matches played

Wales
* France 1912
# Lewis Cobden Thomas

Lewis Cobden Thomas (6 August 1865 – 14 April 1928) was a Welsh international rugby union forward who played club rugby for Neath and Cardiff Rugby Football Club and international rugby for Wales. In 1900 he became the Mayor of Neath.

## Personal history

Thomas was born in 1865, and was educated at various colleges before matriculating to Aberystwyth University. He became a solicitor and founded a legal firm in Neath. He was elected onto Neath Town Council in 1897 and was made mayor in 1900. As well as a keen rugby player, Thomas was also a powerful swimmer and rescued a man from drowning in the Blue Pool, Pontsarn in Merthyr. For this action he was awarded Certificate of the Royal Humane Society.

## Rugby career

Thomas was capped for Wales twice. He was first selected for the Welsh squad in the opening game of the 1885 Home Nations Championship in a match played at St Helen's against England. Thomas was one of three first caps in the Welsh pack for the game, the other two were Ernest Rowland from Lampeter University and Swansea's Evan Richards, but the team is best remembered for introducing Arthur Gould to the Wales team. Wales lost the game, but Thomas was re-selected for the very next game, away to Scotland. Wales drew the game in a nil - nil result and Thomas was dropped for the next tournament. His cap and jersey are held at the Neath clubhouse.

### International matches played

Wales
* England 1885
* Scotland 1885