OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# World Map 1:2,500,000

The World Map 1:2,500,000 (Russian: Карта Мира 1:2,500,000) is an internationally standardized and edited map series. The Russian term Карта Мира or in transcription Karta Mira is now commonly used to describe this series, even outside the Soviet Union or Russia. The Karta Mira consists of a total of 224 (#1–17 & 28–234) main sheets and 38 overlap sheets (although at least 10 were dropped). They depict the entire earth (land and water surfaces) according to a uniform scale, coloring and drawing system. The Karta Mira 1956–1975 was produced by cartographers from Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, the German Democratic Republic (GDR), Hungary, Poland, Romania and the Soviet Union.
The production of a 1:2,500,000 scale map of the world had been discussed since the late 1940's, partly because many cartographers were dissatisfied with the work on the International Map of the World (or Millionth Map, after its scale of 1:1,000,000). Due to the destruction of the Central Bureau of the Map of the World in London during World War II, the Millionth Map had suffered a serious setback, and it was uncertain whether that series could ever be completed.
The initiative for the production of the Karta Mira was taken by cartographers from Hungary (Alexander Radó, Peter Halasz, E. Foldi, Istvan Joo), the Soviet Union (Grigory A. Ginzburg (Григорий А. Гинзбург), Ilya Andreyevich Kutuzov (Илья Андреевич Кутузов)) and the GDR (Erfried Haack, Horst Nischan, Manfred Pateisat).
Production of the 262 sheets was divided between the geodetic services of the participating countries. Thus, the sheets to be produced in the GDR were printed by VEB Hermann Haack Geographisch-Kartographische Anstalt Gotha and VEB Kombinat Geodäsie und Kartographie in Leipzig and Potsdam. The sheets to be produced in the Soviet Union were created by the Department of Geodesy and Cartography (Главное управление геодезии и картографии) in Moscow. Proofs of several of the sheets involved in the series were presented by East German cartographers at an international conference in Erfurt in December 1963.
The first four sheets were published in 1964, and the final sheets of the first edition in 1976. Sheets were published in several versions: a full version, a version without contours (for social science thematic mapping) and a version without placenames and infrastructure (for scientific thematic mapping). The title of each sheet was given in Cyrillic and Latin alphabets, but all placenames on the map itself were given only in the Latin alphabet.
Publication of a second edition began in 1989, but appears to have been abandoned with the collapse of the Communist regimes in the Eastern Bloc shortly thereafter.
# Storgrønningen

Storgrønningen is a lake in Høylandet Municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway. The extreme southern tip of the lake crosses over the border into Overhalla Municipality. The lake lies about 7.5 kilometres (4.7 mi) west of the village of Høylandet and about 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) southeast of the mountain Grønningfjella.
# CA Vitry

The Club athlétique de Vitry, abbreviated to CA Vitry, is a football team founded in 1897, and located in Vitry-sur-Seine in the southern suburbs of Paris, France.

## History

Club athlétique de Vitry was founded in 1897. Affiliated with the French Amateur Cycling Federation (FCAF), CA Vitry won the FCAF Championship twice in 1910 and 1911. These victories allowed the club to compete in the Trophée de France, reaching the 1910 final, which they lost 0–2 to Patronage Olier. The team that lined up in the final was: Chasselin - CH. Darlavoix, Sollier - Georges, Vascout, Spaiser - Moreau, Jourde, Boutefoy, Bergeron, Bourgenno.
In the Coupe de France, CAV's best performance dates back to the 1925–26 season, in which the club played a semi-final at the Stade Pershing in front of 20,000 spectators on 28 March 1926. Vitry was eliminated by the champion of the Franche-Comté-Bourgogne League, the AS Valentigney by a score of 2–1.
In the 1920s, CA Vitry played a few seasons among the Parisian elite by competing in the Paris championship of the Parisian League [fr], and Vitry remained among the Parisian elite until 1927, when they were relegated to Promotion, level 2 behind Honor. CA Vitry played in the Division of Honor almost every year between 1949 and 1966, before leaving the regional elite following a relegation.
In 2022, the club was promoted to Accession to Championnat National 3, but two years later, in 2024, the club was relegated back to Régional 1.
The colors of CA Vitry are yellow and green. In 1917, during the LFA's Challenge de la Renommée, the club played with a green and gold striped jersey.

## Infrastructure
### Head office

The club's headquarters are located at the old Pillaudin stadium, located on Avenue de la République in the north of the town of Vitry-sur-Seine.

### Stadiums

CA Vitry played for a long time at the Pillaudin stadium, which is now obsolete. Nowadays, the club trains at the Gabriel-Péri stadium, the city's main stadium, as well as at the interdepartmental sports park in Choisy-le-Roi, in Val-de-Marne. It plays its home matches at the Roger Couderc stadium, located at 97 rue Auber in Vitry.

## Honours

* FCAF Championship
** Champions (2): 1910 and 1911
* Trophée de France
** Runner-up (2): 1910
# R 6 (Kosovo)

The R 6 Motorway (Albanian: Autostrada R 6; Serbian: Autoput R 6), also commonly Autostrada Prishtinë-Han i Elezit and Autostrada Prishtinë-Shkup or Autostrada Arbën Xhaferi, is a motorway in Kosovo running 60 kilometres (37 mi) in the districts of Ferizaj and Pristina. The motorway connects Pristina with Skopje in North Macedonia.
The motorway is named in honour of the Albanian politician and activist from North Macedonia, Arbën Xhaferi. Part of the Southeast European route 6 and European route 65, it consists of two traffic lanes and an emergency lane in each driving direction separated by a central reservation.
Construction of the motorway started in July 2014. On 31 December 2016, the first 23 kilometers from Pristina to Babush i Muhaxherëve was opened for traffic. On 22 December 2017, a further 11 kilometers from Babush i Muhaxherëve to Ferizaj was opened for traffic. In June 2018, another section was opened for traffic from Ferizaj to Kaçanik. In May 2019, the last section of the motorway opened from Kaçanik to Hani i Elezit.
# Khalilan

Khalilan or Khalilyan (Persian: خليلان) may refer to:
* Khalilan, Gilan
* Khalilan, South Khorasan
* Khalilan-e Olya (disambiguation)
* Khalilan-e Sofla (disambiguation)
# Jean-Jacques Avril

Jean-Jacques Avril "the elder" (1744–1831) was a French artist, reproductive engraver, printmaker born in Paris who made about 540 engravings, some of large dimensions. He was a pupil of Johann Georg Wille. He died in Paris in 1831.
His prints bear addresses in the Rue de la Huchette and the Rue du Petit Bourbon.

## Works

Media related to Jean-Jacques Avril at Wikimedia Commons
His engravings include:
* Study Wanting to Hold Back Time; after François-Guillaume Ménageot
* La Vierge au linge; after Raphael.
* Mars Going to Battle; after Rubens.
* Mars Returning from Battle; after the same.
* A Shepherd and Shepherdess; called the Croc-en-jambe; after the same.
* Apollo with the Seasons, dancing; after Poussin.
* Diana and Actaeon; after Albani.
* Diana and Callisto; after the same.
* Venus revenging herself on Psyche; after De Troy.
* Pygmalion and Galatea; after Marillier.
* St. Genevieve; after C. van Loo.
* Fishermen returning; after Vernet.
* Travellers in a Storm; after the same.
* The Shipwreck; dated 1775; after the same.
* The Double Recompense of Merit; after P. A. Wille, 1784.
* French Patriotism; after the same. 1788.
* The Taking of Courtrai; after Van der Meulen. 1782.
* The Passage of the Rhine; after Berchem.
* Catherine II on her Travels; after F. de Meys. 1790.
* Ulysses and Penelope; after Le Barbier.
* Combat of the Horatii and Curiatii; after the same. 1787.
# Hengam Rural District

Hengam Rural District or Hangam Rural District (Persian: دهستان هنگام) may refer to:
* Hengam Rural District (Qir and Karzin County)
* Hengam Rural District (Qeshm County)
# Rusina (moth)

Rusina is a genus of moths of the family Noctuidae.
# Dmitry Glinka (diplomat)

Dmitry Grigoryevich Glinka (Russian: Дмитрий Григорьевич Глинка) (28 July 1808 – 14 May 1883, Lisbon) was a Russian diplomat, privy councillor in deed, and sociologist.

## Biography

Dmitry Glinka came from a Russian noble family with Polish roots. He graduated from the boarding school of Saint Petersburg University in 1824. On 17 January 1825 he joined the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and began his diplomatic career, holding posts such as second secretary at the Russian embassy in Copenhagen (since May 1831), chief secretary in Stockholm (since March 1837), and then counsellor in Berlin (since July 1846).
In 1834 Dmitry married Christine Justine Cathérine Blanche von Bangeman-Huygens, comtesse de Løvendal (24 February 1810 - 1893). In 1836 their daughter Justine Glinka (Iustinia Dmitrievna Glinka) (21 July 1836 - 1916) was born, and in 1838 their son Nikolai Dmitrievich Glinka (1838 - 1 April 1884) was born.
While in Stockholm, Dmitry Glinka served as charge d'affairs from 22 May 1841 until 14 March 1844. He was promoted to the rank of state councillor on 25 March 1844. Some six years later Dmitry Glinka was appointed charge d'affairs at the House of Hesse-Darmstadt, House of Hesse-Kassel, and House of Nassau. On 8 April 1851 he was promoted to state councillor in deed.
In 1853, Dmitry Glinka was dispatched to Frankfurt am Main, where he would develop a rapport with Otto von Bismarck. Being a supporter of an alliance between Russia, France and Prussia, Dmitry Glinka was trying to impede the anti-Russian policy of Otto Theodor von Manteuffel, a Prussian foreign minister. On 8 June 1853 he was dismissed as charge d'affairs at the House of Hesse and then three years later appointed envoy extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary to Brazil, becoming privy councillor in April 1863.
In 1871, Dmitry Glinka was transferred to Lisbon to act as envoy extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary, remaining on this post until his death. On 12 April 1881 he was promoted to privy councillor in deed.

## Awards

Dmitry Glinka was awarded the Order of Saint Stanislaus, 1st class (1855), Order of St. Anna, 1st class (1860), Order of St. Vladimir, 2nd class (1866), and Order of the White Eagle (1875). He is the author of Esquisse d'une théorie du droit naturel (Berlin, 1835) and La philosophie du droit ou explication des rapports sociaux (Paris, 1842).
This article includes content derived from the Russian Biographical Dictionary, 1896–1918.
# Charles Clément Bervic

Charles Clément Bervic (23 May 1756, Paris – 23 March 1822, Paris), born Balvay, was a French engraver mainly working in intaglio and exclusively in burin. Due to an error in transcribing the baptismal register, he is also now known as Jean Guillaume Bervic.
He served his first apprenticeship under Jean-Baptiste Le Prince, then left aged 14 for the studio of the engraver Jean-Georges Wille. When he was 18, he won first prize for drawing at the Académie royale de peinture et de sculpture, of which he was elected a member in 1784. He became a member of the Classe de Beaux-Arts (Fine Arts Section) of the Institut Impérial de France in 1803 and authored the chapter on engraving for the Institut's reports to the Emperor in 1808 on the progress of the arts, literature and sciences since 1789. He won many prizes and his drawing talents were particularly appreciated.
In 1809, Bervic was elected an associate member, fourth class, of the Royal Institute of the Netherlands, predecessor to the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences.
Bervic married the painter Marie-Marguerite Carreaux de Rosemond in 1788, but she died later that year. In 1791 he remarried to Marie-Madeleine Bligny, who died in 1795.

## Works

* Gabriel Senac de Meilhan (1783) after Joseph Siffred Duplessis
* Louis XVI (1790) after Antoine-François Callet
* Saint John in the desert after Raphael
* The Education of Achilles after Jean-Baptiste Regnault
* The Declaration after Louis Rolland Trinquesse
* The Oath after Louis Rolland Trinquesse
* Le Laocoon, after the classical sculpture, from a drawing by Pierre Bouillion, issued in Le Musée français, 1812.
# Jean-Claude Richard

Jean-Claude Richard de Saint-Non (1727 – 25 November 1791) was a French painter and printmaker. He was born, and also died, in Paris. He is often rather misleadingly known as the "Abbé de Saint-Non"; although intended for the church by his family, he never took more than minor orders. He was a pioneer of the aquatint technique in printmaking.

## Family background and history

His family estate, from which he derives his full title, is the Château de Saint-Nom. It is located in the village of Saint-Nom-la-Bretèche in Yvelines, France. The land was purchased by his father, Jean-Pierre Richard (died 1747), a wealthy French lord.

## Relationships with contemporary artists

Richard, who had an interest in printmaking, travelled to Rome in 1759, where he met and befriended French artists Jean-Honoré Fragonard and Hubert Robert, both of whom were studying at the French Academy in Rome. In 1760 he took a trip with Herbert Robert to see the tourist attractions of Naples, Herculaneum, Paestum, Pozzuoli and environs. He paid expenses in exchange for Robert's original drawings.
Richard made numerous prints of both Fragonard's and Robert's work, including Robert's Vue prise dans les jardins de Villa Mattei aux environs de Rome (View of the Gardens at the Villa Mattei) in 1761.
Fragonard later painted a portrait of Richard (see picture above), which is in the Louvre.
# William Ellis (engraver)

William Ellis (1747–1810) was an English engraver and oil painter.

## Life

Ellis was born in London in 1747, the son of a writing engraver. He was placed as a pupil with William Woollett. He produced some fine plates in the style of his teacher, some being executed in conjunction with him, including the two portraits of Rubens and his wife, published in 1774; A River Scene with a Windmill, after Salomon Ruysdael, published in 1777; Solitude, after Richard Wilson, published in 1778; and two scenes from the Vicar of Wakefield, after Thomas Hearne, published in 1780, and exhibited at the Society of Artists in that year.
Ellis engraved several topographical views after Paul Sandby and Thomas Hearne, a set of The Seasons after Hearne, and some plates for the Ladies' Magazine. In 1800 he aquatinted a set of engravings of Views of the Memorable Victory of the Nile engraved by Francis Chesham from paintings by William Anderson. In 1785, he married Elizabeth Smith, also an etcher. Some of his engravings, such as Peasants Dancing after Berchem, are signed "William and Elizabeth Ellis", and a plate of The Solitary Traveller after J. Pye, is stated to be etched by Elizabeth Ellis alone. Between 1783 and 1793 he lived at 9 Gwynne's Buildings, Islington.
Ellis died in 1810, as is shown from the inscription on a plate representing A South View of the City of Exeter, from a Drawing taken at Shooting Marsh by the late Mr, William Ellis, published 24 November 1810, in aid of his five orphan children. In 1814 a set of Twenty-nine Views illustrative of the Rev. Daniel Lysons's Environs of London, drawn and engraved by William Ellis was published .
# Siah Kalan

Siah Kalan or Siyah Kalan (Persian: سيه كلان) may refer to:
* Siah Kalan, Alborz
* Siah Kalan, East Azerbaijan
# Takab Rural District

Takab Rural District (Persian: دهستان تكاب) may refer to:
* Takab Rural District (Kerman Province)
* Takab Rural District (Dargaz County), in Razavi Khorasan Province
* Takab Rural District (Kashmar County), in Razavi Khorasan Province
# Taiba, Gezira State

Taiba or Teiba (Arabic: طيبة) is a town in Gezira State, Sudan. The region has been a site of conflict, with heavy fighting reported at the Teiba military base, 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) south of Debibad, South Kordofan. The Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF) and the paramilitary Rapid Support Forces (RSF) have been involved in these conflicts.
# Vashan

Vashan (Persian: واشان) may refer to:
* Vashan, Hamadan, Iran
* Vashan, South Khorasan, Iran
* Vashan, Tajikistan
# Prunus takesimensis

Prunus takesimensis (Korean: 섬벚나무, lit. 'island cherry') is a species of cherry endemic to Ulleung Island, South Korea. A tree reaching 20 m, it is used as an ornamental. Morphologically it most closely resembles Prunus sargentii but its chloroplast genome is most similar to Prunus serrulata var. spontanea (syn. Prunus jamasakura).

## Uses

As an ornamental flowering cherry, it has above average tolerance to flooding, possibly the best in the genus. Prunus takesimensis individuals make up about 5% of the famous cherries of Washington, DC.
# Ashawna Hailey

Ashawna Hailey (October 8, 1949 – October 14, 2011) was an American computer scientist and philanthropist. She was among the creators of the HSPICE program (a commercialized version of SPICE), which many electronic design companies worldwide use to simulate the electronic circuits. Her company, Meta-Software, which was behind the commercialization of SPICE, produced compound annual growth rate in excess of 25–30 percent every year for 18 years, and had eventually become part of Synopsys, which calls HSPICE "the 'gold standard' for accurate circuit simulation".

## Early life and education

Hailey attended Texas Tech University along with her twin brother, Kim Hailey, starting her first company while still in college.

## Career

In 1973, Hailey was part of the team who created Advanced Micro Devices' first microprocessor, the Am9080, by reverse-engineering Intel 8080, and in 1974, AMD's first nonvolatile memory, the 2702 2048-bit EPROM. Earlier, she, with others, built the launch sequencer for the Sprint Anti-Ballistic Missile System for Martin Marietta.
As a philanthropist, Hailey sought to reform government policies on recreational drugs. During her life she donated to the ACLU Foundation, Code Pink, the Drug Policy Alliance, Feeding America, Rainforest Action Network, Law Enforcement Against Prohibition, the Marijuana Policy Project, Erowid, the Multidisciplinary Association for Psychedelic Studies (MAPS), and served on the board of MAPS.

## Legacy

After Hailey's death she left a US$10-Million bequest shared between MAPS, the ACLU, Drug Policy Alliance, Marijuana Policy Project, and Second Harvest Food Bank. In what its board considered a fitting tribute to Hailey, the Marijuana Policy Project dedicated a million dollars of her bequest to the initiative that for the first time enabled voters to legalize marijuana for recreational use in Colorado. Throughout 2010 until her death, Ashawna provided seed funding to Wild Willpower PAC.
# Mamash Khan

Mūhammed bin Qasim Khan (Kazakh: محمد بن قاسم خان, Мұхаммед бин Қасым хан, romanized: Mūhammed bin Qasım Han), also known by his diminutive nickname Mamash Khan, was the oldest son of Qasim Khan. Following the death of his father, he became the fifth Khan of the Kazakh Khanate and ruled from about 1521 to 1523.

## Biography

Khanzada Muhammed was born to Qasim Khan and his wife Khanyk-Sultan Begum. He was the oldest of three sons born to Qasim, along with his brothers Haqnazar Khan and Abu'l Khair Sultan. Muhammed earned the nickname "Mamash" in his teenage years and went by that name for the rest of his life.
Muhammed (referred to as Mamash hereafter) became the fifth Khan of the Kazakh Khanate after the death of his father Kasym Khan in the winter of 1521. Under his rule, Mamash could not resist against the Nogai Horde, which captured the territory to the Turgai River. The Kazakh Khanate was greatly reduced for a brief period, but Mamash was able to recapture the western lands as far as modern-day Atyrau from the Nogai Horde. Nevertheless, he still faced competition for his territory from the Russians up north, where the Tsars of Russia considered the lands as theirs to take. Ivan the Terrible repeatedly sent his ambassadors to Mamash to obtain a peaceful submission. While it did end in battle, the Kazakhs were still able to defend their northern borders from the Russians.
The reign of Mamash Khan was short-lived; rivalry between the nobles weakened the state. In 1523, Mamash died in an internal conflict due to suffocation and injuries caused by weapons. Khanzada Tahir, the son of Adik Sultan and nephew of Kasym Khan, ascended the throne after him.
# Little Theatre Unisa

The Little Theatre Unisa (Afrikaans: Kleinteater) is a classical drama theater in the heart of the central business district of Pretoria, South Africa. The theatre was designed by the South African architect Norman Eaton. It seats 292 and hosts a variety of performances by University of South Africa (UNISA) students as well as other events.

## History

In March 1940, Mrs. Norah McCullough approached the architect Norman Eaton to design a center for a children's arts center in the South African capital. Construction began in 1941. Disagreements over the function and dimensions of the building delayed completion until 1946. During this time, Mr. Le Roux Smith Le Roux was appointed director of the new center in 1943, and he proceeded to develop a comprehensive theatre development program.
In 1957, the theatre was placed under the jurisdiction of the Teacher Training College in Pretoria. Due to a lack of funds and other political issues, completion awaited 1961. That year, the finished building was officially opened by a Dr. Jordaan, deacon of the College, to whom the theatre was handed over and put into use under the name Little Theatre/Arts Center. In 1993, Maree & Els Architects were approved to plan a renovation, which was completed in August 1994.
In 1995, UNISA became the Theatre's owner. It was declared a provincial heritage site in 2004 and renamed the Little Theatre Unisa. Further interior renovation was conducted under the guidance of the South African Heritage Resources Agency.

## Sources

* Eaton, Norman. "Ontstaan van die Kleinteater." Pretoriana, no. 69/70, Aug 1972, Bl. 15, 16. www.artefacts.co.za. URL accessed 27 Junie 2014.
* Little Theatre: History. UNISA. URL accessed 27 June 2014.
# Hossein Shah-Hosseini

Hossein Shah-Hosseini (Persian: حسین شاه‌حسینی) was an Iranian politician who served as the head of the Physical Education Organization, as well as the National Olympic Committee during the interim cabinet of Mehdi Bazargan.
A leading member of the National Front, he belonged to its Islamic-oriented faction and was closely associated with the Council of Nationalist-Religious Activists of Iran. Shah-Hosseini also served as the treasurer of National Council for Peace.