OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dubrava Prison

The Dubrava Prison (Albanian: Dubravë) is a correctional facility located near Istok, Kosovo, the largest prison in the country.

## Events
### 1999 bombings and executions

On 19 and 21 May serbs bombed the prison, killing at least 23 KLA members. A prison riot followed, during which Serbian forces killed more than 100 Albanians.

### 2003 riot

Five inmates were killed and 16 injured during a riot that broke out on 4 September 2003 following protests on the living conditions in the prison. UNMIK tried to peacefully end the protest but inmates set fire to their mattresses.
In 2019 a study on the quality of life in the prison was published.
# Cesar Bresgen

Cesar Bresgen (16 October 1913 – 7 April 1988) was an Austrian composer.

## Biography

He was born in Florence to Maria and August Bresgen, both artists. He spent his childhood in Zell am See, Munich, Prague, and Salzburg.
From 1930 to 1936 he studied piano, organ, conducting, and composition at the Musikhochschule München, the latter with Joseph Haas. From 1933 he moved to London, where he worked as a pianist and composer, co-operating with dancers, including Leslie Barrowes.
He married in 1936. He worked at the Munich radio station from 1936 to 1938. In 1939, he became professor of composition at the Mozarteum in Salzburg.
He was a soldier in the final years of World War II, fighting on the Western front. After the war he worked as an organist and choral director in Mittersill, Austria. There he met Anton Webern, who made a significant impression on him. In 1947, he began to teach again at the Mozarteum, eventually becoming a professor.
In 1956, he married pianist Eleonore Jorhan.
Like his friend Carl Orff, he work in extensively in pedagogy. He was also an organist and choir director.
In 1976 he won the Grand Austrian State Prize for music.
He died in Salzburg.

## Works

Totentanz nach Holbein for Piano & Small Orchestra (1947), written after the shock of WWII, inspired by Holbein's Totentanz woodcuts, and making extensive use of the folksong Der grimmig Tod.

### Opera

* de:Krabat (1982)

## Literature
### In german language

* "Im Anfang war der Rhythmus", Heinrichshofen Verlag 1977, ISBN 3-7959-0217-7
# Houses of Parliament (Privileges and Powers) Act 1952

The Houses of Parliament (Privileges and Powers) Act 1952 (Malay: Akta Majlis Parlimen (Keistimewaan dan Kuasa) 1952), is a Malaysian laws which enacted relating to the powers and privileges of the Houses of Parliament, freedom of speech and debate or proceedings in such Houses and protection to persons employed in the publication of papers of such Houses.

## Structure

The Houses of Parliament (Privileges and Powers) Act 1952, in its current form (1 January 2006), consists of only 34 sections and no schedule (including no amendment), without separate Parts.
* Section 1: Short title
* Section 2: Interpretation
* Section 3: Freedom of speech and debate
* Section 4: Power of House to enquire into contraventions
* Section 5: House as a court of record
* Section 6: Members and officers of House exempted from serving as jurors or assessors or, when House is sitting, to attend as witnesses in court
* Section 7: Immunity of members from civil or criminal proceedings for anything done or said before the House
* Section 8: Exemption from liability in damages for any act done under the authority of the House
* Section 9: Power of House to punish for contempt of the House
* Section 10: No member to vote on matters in which he has a direct pecuniary interest
* Section 11: Power of President to issue warrants for apprehension and imprisonment
* Section 12: Contents of warrant
* Section 13: Power of President to order arrest of persons causing disturbance during sitting of House
* Section 14: Duty to assist in the apprehension of persons ordered to be arrested by the President
* Section 15: Power to enter and search premises
* Section 16: Power of House to order attendance of witnesses and production of documents
* Section 17: Attendance to be notified by summons
* Section 18: Examination of witnesses upon oath
* Section 19: Exemption from answering questions or producing documents
* Section 20: Punishment for giving a false answer
* Section 21: Rules relating to privileged evidence apply to evidence before the House
* Section 22: Certificate by President that a witness has answered questions put to him by the House
* Section 23: Prohibition to give evidence outside the House of any evidence before the House without the leave of the House
* Section 24: Journals of the House admissible as evidence
* Section 25: Penalty for printing false copy of law, report, etc.
* Section 26: Certificate of President a defence in proceedings instituted in respect of publications of the House
* Section 27: Privileged publications
* Section 28: President to act notwithstanding dissolution or prorogation of House
* Section 29: Additional penalty by the House
* Section 30: Recovery of penalties
* Section 31: Prosecutions to be instituted only at the instance of the Attorney General
* Section 32: Privileges and immunities of the House of Commons to be enjoyed by the House and members thereof
* Section 33: Privileges, etc., to be judicially noticed
* Section 34: Commons Journals to be prima facie evidence in enquiries touching privileges
# Di Qing

Di Qing (1008–1057), formerly romanized as Ti Ch'ing, was a Chinese military general of the Northern Song dynasty. He often wore a mask in battle. He led campaigns against the Western Xia and the Nong Zhigao rebellion in Guangxi. He was known for his bravery and skill in warfare, achieving numerous remarkable feats on the battlefield. He held high official positions, including that of the Grand Preceptor. He was also posthumously honored with the titles of Chancellor of the Imperial Secretariat [zh] and Chancellor of the Imperial Ministry [zh]. In folklore, he was believed to be an incarnation of the God of Military Arts (Wuquxing).

## Biography

Di Qing was born to a poor family in Xihe, Fenzhou (汾州西河; present-day Fenyang, Shanxi). He sported tattoos on his face and excelled in mounted archery. In 1038, during the reign of Emperor Renzong of Song, Di Qing was appointed as Commander (指揮使) of Yanzhou (延州; covering parts of present-day Shaanxi). He participated in the war between Song and Western Xia. Each time he went to war, he would don a bronze mask and let his hair run wild and disheveled, charging onto the battlefield. Di Qing was known to be close to Song ministers such as Yin Zhu (尹洙), Han Qi (韓琦) and Fan Zhongyan. Fan Zhongyan once presented Di Qing a copy of the Zuo Zhuan and advised him to read. Di Qing took up scholarly pursuits and became a versed military strategist. He was later promoted to Assistant Commissioner of the Bureau of Military Affairs (樞密副使) for his contributions. Di Qing participated in a total of 25 battles in his lifetime. Of these battles, he was best known for his night raid on Kunlun Pass on the 15th day of the first lunar month in 1053. He died at age 48.

## Legends

Di Qing is depicted as the incarnation of the Astral God of Military Arts (Wuquxing, 武曲星), while another protagonist — famous Song figure Bao Zheng as the Astral God of Civil Arts (Wenquxing, 文曲星). Three Qing Dynasty novels are collectively known as the Romance of Di Qing and are attributed to Li Yutang. The central character in all 3 novels is Di Qing. The first one is originally titled "Pavilion of Ten Thousand Flowers" (萬花樓); the second one is titled "Five Tigers Conquering the West" (五虎征西) and the last one is titled "Five Tigers Conquering the South" (五虎平南). The novels also prominently feature Yang Zongbao from the Yang clan and Bao Zheng as the protagonists.
In the above fiction, his father was a civil officer named Di Guang (狄廣) and his mother was Meng Shi (孟氏). His aunt, Di Qianjin (狄千金), married the Eighth Prince, the uncle of Emperor Renzong.
# Choi Chi-won (footballer)

Choi Chi-won (Korean: 최치원; born 1 June 1993 in South Korea) is a South Korean footballer.

## Career

On the final day of the 2015 K-League Challenge, Choi started against Gangwon with Seoul E-Land. In the 36th minute, he went up for a header with Han Seok-jong, but they collided, causing his skull to be fractured. After his recovery, Choi wore headgear to prevent injuries and provide psychological assistance. In 2017, he stopped wearing it to confront his fears.
# Berriz

Berriz (in Basque and officially, in Spanish: Bérriz) is an elizate, town and municipality located in the province of Biscay, in the Basque Country, northern Spain. Berriz is part of the comarca of Durangaldea and has a population of 4.623 inhabitants as of 2019 and according to the Spanish National Statistics Institute.

## Toponymy

Berriz belongs to a series of Basque toponyms with an -iz ending. Julio Caro Baroja defended that most of these toponyms came from an original Basque toponym plus the Latin suffix -icus. Caro Baroja considered that on toponymy, the suffixes -oz, -ez and -iz used to be combined with the name of the owner of the lands, with its origin being in some place between the Middle Ages and the Roman Empire.
In the case of Berriz, Caro Baroja suggested that the name might come from Verrius, the documented Latin name. Then, to the name Verrius it was added the suffix -icus (indicating that the lands were owned by Verrius) and became Verricus. From then, the name evolved to Verrici and from there to Verriz. The name of the town in Spanish used to be Vérriz.
Another theory about is origin negates the Latin origin and proposes a Basque origin. Berriz might come from Be(h)e ("under") and Oiz in reference to the Oiz mountain, and then "under Oiz" as of "in the or at the bottom of Oiz".

## Notable people

* Miren Amuriza (born 1990), bertsolari and Biscayan writer
* Marino Lejarreta (born 1957), retired Spanish professional road racing cyclist
# Zaib, Republic of Dagestan

Zaib (Russian: Заиб) is a rural locality (a selo) in Khunzakhsky Selsoviet, Khunzakhsky District, Republic of Dagestan, Russia. Population: 224 (2010 Census); 239 (2002 Census); 183 (1989 Soviet census). There are 4 streets in this selo.

## Geography

It is located 6 km from Khunzakh (the district's administrative centre), 84 km from Makhachkala (capital of Dagestan) and 1,653 km from Moscow. Golotl is the nearest rural locality.
# Sergei Dolmatov (footballer)

Sergei Viktorovich Dolmatov (Russian: Серге́й Викторович Долматов; born 20 May 1980) is a former Russian professional football player.

## Club career

Dolmatov played for FC Metallurg Lipetsk in the Russian Football National League and Russian Second Division from 2001 through 2010.
# Clipping (medicine)

Clipping is a surgical procedure performed to treat an aneurysm. If the aneurysm is intracranial, a craniotomy is performed, and afterwards an Elgiloy (Phynox) or titanium Sugita clip is affixed around the aneurysm's neck. Surgical clipping was introduced by Walter Dandy of the Johns Hopkins Hospital in 1937. It consists of performing a craniotomy, exposing the aneurysm, and closing the base of the aneurysm with a clip chosen specifically for the site. The surgical technique has been modified and improved over the years. Surgical clipping has a lower rate of aneurysm recurrence after treatment. Titanium Aneurysm Clips are being used to clip aneurysms and the procedure is known as aneurysm clipping.
# Jurnal al-Khidiw

Jurnal al-Khidiw (Arabic: جرنال الخديوي, Ottoman Turkish: جرنال الخديوى - lit. "Journal of the Khedive"), first published 1821–1822, was the first printed periodical in Arabic. It was a bilingual Turkish–Arabic bulletin for official use, with a run as small as 100 copies. At first it was handwritten and printed lithographically with irregular frequency. It was later printed with weekly and then daily frequency.
It was succeeded by Al-Waqa'i' al-Misriyya, first published December 3, 1828.
* Egypt portal
* Journalism portal
# The French Guy

The French Guy (Russian: Француз, romanized: Frantsuz) is a 2004 Russian romantic comedy film directed by Vera Storozheva.

## Plot

French baron Paul de Rousseau (Thierry Monfray) corresponds with Irina, a young woman from Russia (Ekaterina Vulichenko), whom his valet, Guillaume (Bernard Passavi), found through a marriage agency. During a chance encounter with translator Anya (Maria Golubkina), Paul discovers that the letters he received from "Irina" were actually written by Anya herself. Anya, a graduate of Moscow State University, returned to her hometown, Glukhaya Potma, after finishing her studies. Paul falls deeply in love with Anya and sets out to win her heart. His adventures in Russia transform him: once a wealthy nobleman, he’s quickly reduced to homelessness by train thieves. Along the way, he learns to drink vodka on a dare, receives a gift of a Christmas tree (which an elderly woman later takes back), and ultimately finds the love of his life. After winning Anya's affection and outcompeting her fiancé (Garik Sukachev), Paul takes her and his newfound Russian friends back to Paris.

## Cast

* Thierry Monfray as Paul
* Maria Golubkina as Anya
* Mikhail Efremov as Karpienko
* Stanislav Duzhnikov as Tolik
* Dmitry Orlov as policeman
* Sergei Popov as Anya's father
* Irina Rakhmanova as рassenger
* Pavel Derevyanko as рassenger
* Nina Ruslanova as Anya's mother
* Garik Sukachov as Leonid
* Zoya Tolbuzina as Manya
* Inga Strelkova-Oboldina as Tamara
# Tidjan

Tidjan (Persian: تيدجان, also Romanized as Tīdjān; also known as Bīd Jān, Tūjūn, and Tūrjān) is a village in Cheshmeh Sar Rural District, in the Central District of Khansar County, Isfahan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 515 people in 175 families.
# 1659 in art

Events from the year 1659 in art.

## Events

* Frescoes at the Quirinal Palace in Rome are completed by Pietro da Cortona and his team of artists.

## Paintings

* Peter Lely – A Boy as a Shepherd (approximate date)
* Rembrandt
** hendrickje as flora
** Jacob Wrestling with the Angel
** Moses with Law
** Self Portrait with Beret and Turned-Up Collar
* Salvator Rosa – Allegory of Fortune
* Adriaen van Ostade – The Fish Market
* Diego Velázquez
** Infanta Margarita Teresa in a Blue Dress
** Portrait of Prince Philip Prospero
* Jan Vermeer – Officer and a Laughing Girl (1657–59)

## Births

* January 21 – Adriaen van der Werff, Dutch painter of portraits and erotic, devotional and mythological scenes (died 1722)
* March 4 – Pierre Lepautre, French sculptor (died 1744)
* April 11 – Hendrick van Streeck, Dutch Golden Age painter of church interiors (died 1719)
* July 8 – Justus van Huysum, Dutch Golden Age flower painter (died 1716)
* July 18 – Hyacinthe Rigaud, French painter of Catalan origin (died 1743)
* August 1 – Sebastiano Ricci, Italian painter in the Cortonesque style of grand manner fresco painting (died 1734)
* September 29 – Michael Dahl, Swedish portrait painter (died 1743)
* December 12 – Francesco Galli Bibiena, Italian architect/painter (died 1739)
* date unknown
** Faustino Bocchi, Italian painter, active in Brescia, who specialized in bizarre paintings of dwarfs (died 1742)
** Niccolò Cassana, Italian painter born in Venice (died 1714)
** Giovanni Paolo Castelli, Italian painter, active in Rome painting still-life paintings of bowls of fruit and flowers (died 1730)
** Giovanni Girolamo Frezza, Italian engraver (died 1730)
** Bernard Lens II, English engraver, pioneer of mezzotint technique, and publisher (died 1725)
** Krzysztof Lubieniecki, Polish Baroque painter and engraver (died 1729)
** Giovanni Battista Marmi. Italian painter (died 1686)
** John Baptist Medina, Flemish-Spanish portrait painter and illustrator of Paradise Lost (died 1710)
** Thomas van der Wilt, Dutch painter (died 1733)
** Catharina Ykens, Flemish Baroque painter (died unknown)

## Deaths

* January 1 – Giovanni Martinelli, Italian painter of allegorical frescoes (died 1600/1604)
* February – Willem Drost, Dutch Baroque painter and printmaker (born 1633)
* October – Valerio Castello, Italian painter (born 1624)
* date unknown
** Pedro de Obregón, Spanish painter and printmaker (born 1597)
** Jacques Fouquier, Flemish landscape painter (born 1591)
** Filippo Gagliardi, Italian painter, active mainly in Rome (date of birth unknown)
** Jean Lemaire, French painter (born 1598)
** Giovanni Pietro Possenti, Italian painter of battle scenes (born 1618)
** Frans Wouters, Flemish Baroque painter (born 1612)
# Khlestov

Khlestov (Russian: Хлестов) is a Russian surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Dmitri Khlestov (born 1971), Russian football player
* Oleg Khlestov (1923–2021), Soviet and Russian diplomat and legal academic
# Bojnice Zoo

The Slovak National Zoological Garden (Slovak: Národná zoologická záhrada Bojnice) is a 42-hectare (100-acre) zoo in the town of Bojnice, Slovakia. It is the oldest and most visited of Slovak zoos, being established in 1955. The zoo received more than 400,000 visitors in the year 2018.
As of 2022, it presents over 360 different species, with a total of over 2700 specimens. Its primary attractions include the African elephant and Carpathian lynx. It is the only zoo in Slovakia with species such as the agile wallaby, Hamlyn's monkey, African palm civet, red-fan parrot and more.
The Bojnice Zoo is managed by the ministry of environment of the Slovak Republic.

## History

Opened on 1 April 1955, it is the first zoo to ever open in Slovakia. Initially called the Zoological Garden of the Nitra Region (Slovak: Zoologická záhrada Nitrianskeho kraja v Bojniciach), administration of the zoo was later transferred to the ministry of environment in 1998. Only much later, in 2017, was the zoo named the Slovak National Zoological Garden.

## Associations

The Bojnice Zoo is a member of the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN),the World Association of Zoos and Aquariums (WAZA), the European Association of Zoos and Aquaria (EAZA), the Union of Czech and Slovak Zoological Gardens (UCSZOO), the International Zoo Educators Association (IZA), the Species360 organization, the EUROLYNX organization, the West African Primate Conservation Action organization and the European Elephant Keeper and Manager Association.

## Collection

Number of species as showcased on official website :
| Group | Number of species |
| Mammals | 75 |
| Birds | 131 |
| Reptiles | 16 |
| Amphibians | 10 |
| Fish | 34 |
| Invertebrates | 3 |
| "Other" | 25 |
| Total | 294 |
The Bojnice Zoo is home to the largest collection of animals of any Slovak zoo, many of which are also only showcased there. This includes, but is not limited to, the African elephant and bongo antelope.
The zoo also offers patrons the option to symbolic 'adopt' any of their animals for a fee, which supports the zoo financially.
* Photo gallery
* Bongo antilope
* Brown bear
* Flamingo
* Roloway monkey
* Blue poison dart frog
* Camel
* Red panda
* Lion
# Chashama

ChaShaMa is a non-profit arts organization based in New York City. ChaShaMa nurtures artists by transforming unused property into affordable work and presentation space.

## Description

Since being founded in 1995 by Anita Durst, daughter of New York real estate developer Douglas Durst, ChaShaMa has transformed 70 locations throughout the city and launched the careers of over 12,000 artists by giving them access to subsidized space, which supported approximately 10,000 public presentations for over 500,000 viewers. ChaShaMa provides free and subsidized space for artists to live, work, and present partnering with developers and property owners to transform their vacant buildings into centers of creativity with the added benefit of increasing local foot traffic and supporting area businesses.
ChaShaMa runs a variety of programs to serve the emerging artist community in the city. They include:
* Using temporarily vacant storefront windows for free, public installations and performances
* Providing subsidized or free rehearsal and performance space
* Providing subsidized artist's studios
* Presenting a variety of visual artist exhibitions throughout the year
The meaning of "chashama" depends on whom one asks. chashama (pronounced: sha-SHA-ma) is Persian for "to have vision". Although some say it is an Arabic word that means "shame," others say it means "from the eye" (Persian: Chashm'a) or "spring outlet" (Persian: Chesh'ma). There are many more theories of spelling, pronunciation, and meaning. Some critics argue that the word is a complete fabrication, both in spelling and etymology.
# Sacred Union Government (Albania)

The First Evangjeli Government, also known as the Sacred Union Government (Albanian: Qeveria e Bashkimit të Shenjtë) was formed on 16 October 1921 and lasted until 6 December. The government was formed after the territorial Integrity of Albania was threatened by Yugoslavia (see this).

## Background

After the end of the Koplik War, a Yugoslav attempt to invade northern Albania, The government of Iliaz Vrioni became unstable. In July following the proclamation of the Mirdita Republic and a second attempt from Yugoslavia to invade Northern Albania, the government of Iliaz Vrioni resigned. Aqif Pashë Elbasani, a member of the High Council of Regency, tasked Pandeli Evangjeli with forming an emergency government with all the main parties in Albania.

## Composition

* Evangjeli I Government
* Pandeli Evangjeli – Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs
* Bajram Fevzi – Minister of Interior
* Koço Tasi – Minister of Justice
* Ahmet Dakli – Minister of Finance
* Hilë Mosi – Minister of Education
* Izet Dibra – Minister of Public Works
* Isuf Gjinali – Minister of War

## Activities

Following its formation, the government submitted a request to the League of Nations to pressure Yugoslavia and recognize the Independence and territorial integrity of Albania. On 7 November United Kingdom agreed with the Albanian request and placed the motion on the Agenda of the Conference of Ambassadors to the League of Nations. Two days later, the motion was signed by the representatives of the United Kingdom, France, Italy, and Japan, recognizing Albanian independence, slightly adjusting the Albanian borders and effectively ending the war with Yugoslavia.
The government, during its negotiations with the League of Nations, tasked Ahmet Zogu to take charge of the Albanian forces and defend the borders of Albania. Zogu proved successful as he had managed to defeat the Mirditor Rebels and halt Yugoslav advances into Albania.

## Aftermath

Following the end of the crisis with Yugoslavia most Albanian politicians, including the Ministers of Finance and Education, abandoned the government and Aqif Pashë Elbasani forced the government to resign.
# Roger Woodhouse

Roger Woodhouse (c. 1541 – 1588), of Kimberley, Norfolk, was an English politician.
He was a Member of parliament (MP) of the Parliament of England for Aldeburgh, for Norfolk in 1572 and for Thetford in 1586.
Roger Woodhouse was the eldest son of Thomas Woodhouse. His father Thomas was present at the battle of Pinkie in September 1547, and some sources suggest his father was killed there in 1547 at Musselburgh. His mother was Madge Shelton, possible mistress of Henry VIII, the daughter Sir John Shelton of Shelton and first cousin of Anne Boleyn.
His sister Elizabeth Woodhouse (d. 1608), was the Mistress Jones who was Mother of the Maids. In 1588 she married Thomas Jones, and in 1588–1591 she was Mother of the Maids.
His paternal grandparents were Sir Roger Woodhouse or Wodehouse (d. 1560) and Elizabeth Radcliffe, the daughter of Sir Robert Radcliffe of Hunstanton.
He married Mary, daughter of John Corbet of Sprowston, and had two sons, including Sir Philip Wodehouse, 1st Baronet, and one daughter.