OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# State University of Tetova

The State University of Tetova (Albanian: Universiteti Shtetëror i Tetovës; Macedonian: Државен Универзитет во Тетово) is a public university in North Macedonia. The university was established on 17 December 1994 as the first Albanian-language higher education institution in Macedonia, though not recognized as a state university by the national government until January 2004. As of 2018–19 academic year, 7,097 students are enrolled at the university.

## History

The State University of Tetova was founded on 17 December 1994 by Albanians, without government approval. The Macedonian authorities had previously rejected an application by Albanians of Tetovo for permission to establish a university with education in Albanian. The first lectures were held on 16–17 February 1995, in Poroj and Rečica. The first rector was Fadil Sulejmani from Bozovce. After North Macedonia's independence, it was the first institution that permitted Albanians to receive higher education entirely in the Albanian language. To prevent the university from opening, the Macedonian police used force, which resulted in nineteen people being seriously injured and the death of an Albanian man. Sulejmani and his colleagues were imprisoned. The university was able to continue organizing lectures but its credentials and degrees were not recognized in the country. On 17 December 1996, the local assembly of Tetovo decided to sponsor the university. The operation of the university was approved by Macedonia's Albanian political parties. The Macedonian parliament passed a law to legalize the university in 21 January 2004 with 68 votes (26 votes from Albanian deputies), while it was opposed by VMRO-DPMNE deputies. In the academic year 2004–2005, it became the third state university in the country.
The university was at the center of a forged diploma scandal throughout the 2000s and early 2010s. In neighboring Albania, diploma mills were selling forged diplomas on the street for between 500 and 800 euros, with diplomas coming from the State University of Tetovo a popular choice, given that the university was outside the remit of Albania's official institutions. The State University of Tetova rector claimed that former students who had not completed their studies were purchasing these forged diplomas, with forged diplomas even being sold in Kosovo and Montenegro. In 2021, at least seven professors from the medical faculty of the university were accused of engaging in academic dishonesty, allegedly plagiarizing and copying scientific works.

## Faculties and departments

The university consists of eleven faculties:
* Faculty of Economics
* Faculty of Law
* Faculty of Applied Sciences
* Faculty of Fine Arts
* Faculty of Philosophy
* Faculty of Philology
* Faculty of Medicine
* Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics
* Faculty of Food Technology
* Faculty of Physical Education
* Faculty of Business Administration
* Faculty of Agriculture and Biotechnology
* Faculty of Pedagogy
# Lliw Valley

Lliw Valley (Welsh: Dyffryn Lliw) was a local government district with borough status in West Glamorgan, Wales from 1974 to 1996.

## History

The borough was created on 1 April 1974 under the Local Government Act 1972, which reorganised local government across Wales and England. The new borough covered the area of the former Llwchwr Urban District and Pontardawe Rural District. The new district was named after the Afon Lliw and its valley, which ran through the centre of the new borough. It was one of four districts within the new county of West Glamorgan.
The borough was abolished in 1996, when West Glamorgan County Council was abolished and the districts in the county reorganised to become principal areas. Lliw Valley was split between the principal areas of Swansea and Neath Port Talbot.
Communities becoming part of Swansea:
* Clydach
* Gorseinon
* Gowerton
* Grovesend
* Llangyfelach
* Llwchwr
* Mawr
* Penllergaer
* Pontarddulais
* Pontlliw
Communities becoming part of Neath Port Talbot:
* Cilybebyll
* Cwmllynfell
* Gwaun-Cae-Gurwen
* Pontardawe
* Trebanos
* Ystalyfera
The old Lliw Valley had two football clubs in the Welsh Football League - Garden Village and Pontardawe Town.

## Political control

The first election to the council was held in 1973, initially operating as a shadow authority alongside the outgoing authorities until it came into its powers on 1 April 1974. Throughout the council's existence the Labour Party held a majority of the seats on the council:
| Party in control | Party in control | Years |
| | Labour | 1974–1996 |

## Premises

The council inherited offices at West Street in Gorseinon from Llwchwr Urban District Council and at Holly Street in Pontardawe from Pontardawe Rural District Council. It shared its functions between these offices until 1981 when it moved to a purpose-built Civic Centre at Penllergaer. After the council's abolition the former civic centre was used for some years by Swansea Council as secondary offices, before being demolished to make way for a residential development called Mansion Gardens.
# Mohamed Magdy (footballer, born 1993)

Mohammed Magdy (Arabic: محمد مجدي; born 7 July 1993) is an Egyptian professional footballer who plays for Zamalek SC as a defender.

## Honours
### Zamalek SC

* Egypt Cup (1): 2017_18
# KazSat-3

KazSat-3 (Kazakh: ҚазСат-3, QazSat-3) is a telecommunications satellite which was launched 28 April 2014 at 04:25:00 UTC from Cosmodrome Baikonur in Kazakhstan. with a Proton-M launch vehicle.
KazSat-3 is designed for services of telecommunications, television broadcasting and high-speed Internet access in Kazakhstan and neighboring countries. The spacecraft is developed and produced under the contract with the Republican Center of Space Communication (RCSC) within the project of creating a republican national telecommunications and broadcasting space system.
The spacecraft was reported lost on 16 September 2023 due to battery issues that shortened its mission duration down to 9 years.
# Saint-Nicolas-de-Redon

Saint-Nicolas-de-Redon (French pronunciation: , literally Saint-Nicolas of Redon; Breton: Sant-Nikolaz-an-Hent) is a commune in the Loire-Atlantique department in western France.
The surrounding communities are Avessac and Fégréac in Loire-Atlantique, Rieux and Saint-Jean-la-Poterie in Morbihan, Redon and Sainte-Marie in Ille-et-Vilaine.
# Wallace Watts

Wallace Howard Watts (25 March 1870 – 29 April 1950) was an English-born international rugby union player who played club rugby for Newport and international rugby for Wales. Watts was part of the 1893 Wales team which won the country's first Triple Crown. From 1892 Watts played for county team Gloucestershire.

## Rugby career

Watts first played for Newport in the 1889/90 season, but it took until the 1892 Home Nations Championship for him to be chosen for the Welsh national team. Although an Englishman by birth, the rules of nationality were more lax during the period, with three years residency required to represent your adopted country. Watts was one of three new caps in the pack for his first game, alongside Arthur Boucher and Frank Mills, but the campaign was disastrous for the Welsh losing all three games in the tournament, collecting the wooden spoon.
The next year saw a complete turnaround in Welsh fortunes when, under the captaincy of Arthur Gould the team won all three games, taking the Triple Crown. Watts played in all three games and continued to represent Wales over the next three Championships, but never to the level of success as in 1893. His final game was the first match of the 1896 Championship, a massive 25-0 loss.
In 1896, Watts moved to London and began playing for London exiles London Welsh, though he still represented Newport whenever he returned to Wales. He played for London Welsh until 1911, into his forties. He became Honorary Secretary of the club during the 1912/13 season. Watts' son, DRW Watts, a civil engineer and MD of George Wimpey Construction subsequently became Chairman of London Welsh in the late 1960s.

### International matches played

Wales
* England 1892, 1893, 1894, 1895, 1896
* Ireland 1892, 1893, 1894, 1895
* Scotland 1892, 1893, 1894
# Smědá

The Smědá (Czech pronunciation:; Polish: Witka, German: Wittig) is a river in the Czech Republic and Poland, a right tributary of the Lusatian Neisse River. It flows through the Liberec Region in the Czech Republic and then through Lower Silesian Voivodeship. Together with the Bílá Smědá, which is its main source, the Smědá is 55.3 km (34.4 mi) long. Without the Bílá Smědá, it is 51.9 km (32.2 mi) long.

## Etymology

The initial name of the river was Wietev, derived from the Slavic word for 'branch' (in modern Czech větev). The oldest mention of Wietev is from 1539. The German name Wittig was derived from this name. In 1951, the German name was replaced by Witka in Poland. The modern Czech name Smědá ('dark' in old Czech) is derived from the dark water which flows out of the peat bogs.

## Characteristic

The Smědá originates as Bílá Smědá in peat pogs in the territory of Hejnice in the Jizera Mountains at an elevation of exactly 1,000 m (3,300 ft). After it merges with the stream Černá Smědá (and from a broader point of view with the Hnědá Smědá, which joins the Černá Smědá) and further continues as Smědá. It flows to Radomierzyce, where it enters the Lusatian Neisse River at an elevation of 194 m (636 ft). Its total length is 55.3 km (34.4 mi). Without the Bílá Smědá, the Smědá is 51.9 km (32.2 mi) long, of which 47.8 km (29.7 mi) (including the Czech-Polish border) is in the Czech Republic. About 2.7 km (1.7 mi) forms the Czech-Polish state border. The drainage basin has an area of 331 km$^2$ (128 sq mi), of which 251.3 km$^2$ (97.0 sq mi) is in the Czech Republic.
The sources and longest tributaries of the Smědá are:
| Tributary | Length (km) | Side |
| Řasnice | 18.3 | right |
| Lomnice | 17.0 | right |
| Bulovský potok | 15.4 | right |
| Sloupský potok | 9.8 | left |
| Bílá Smědá | 3.4 | – |
| Černá Smědá | 2.5 | right |

## Flow

The river flows through the territories of Hejnice, Bílý Potok, Raspenava, Frýdlant, Kunratice, Višňová and Černousy in the Czech Republic and Zawidów, Gmina Sulików and Gmina Zgorzelec in Poland.

## Bodies of water

In Poland, the Niedów Reservoir (also called Witka Reservoir) is constructed on the Smědá. It was built in 1958–1962 and is used as a recreational area. In 2010, the dam burst due to flash floods. The new dam was built in 2016.

## Fauna

Fish living in the river include river trout and brook trout.

## Protection of nature

The final section of the river within the limits of the Czech Republic is protected as the Meandry Smědé ('Smědá meanders') Nature Reserve. It has an area of 136.6 ha (338 acres). The object of protection is the natural character of the river bed with meanders, pools and wet meadows, with a large number of protected plant and animal species.
# Buston, Shahriston District

Buston (Tajik: Бӯстон, formerly Ishqili) is a village in Sughd Region, northern Tajikistan. It is part of the jamoat Shahriston in Shahriston District.
# Mohamed Nadim

Mohamed Nadim (Arabic: محمد نديم; born 20 July 2001) is an Egyptian professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for Egyptian Premier League club Zamalek.
# Pishkhan Rural District

Pishkhan Rural District (Persian: دهستان پیشخان) is in the Central District of Sowme'eh Sara County, Gilan province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Pishkhan, whose population at the time of the 2016 National Census was 607 in 239 households.

## History

Pishkhan Rural District was created in the Central District after the 2016 census.
# Northern midlands and mountainous

Northern midland and mountainous (Vietnamese: Trung du và miền núi Bắc Bộ), before 1954 known as the Midland and upstream is the mountain area and sell-mountain in Northern Vietnam (Vietnamese: Bắc Bộ).
In terms of administration, this region includes 15 provinces: Hà Giang, Cao Bằng, Lào Cai, Bắc Kạn, Lạng Sơn, Tuyên Quang, Yên Bái, Thái Nguyên, Phú Thọ, Bắc Giang, Quảng Ninh, Lai Châu, Điện Biên, Sơn La, Hòa Bình. The regional center is the city of Thái Nguyên.
According to the planning of industrial areas of the Vietnam Government in 2020, most of the midland and northern mountainous (except Quảng Ninh) is located in First Area.
It's divided into 2 sub-regions:
* Northwest: Điện Biên, Lai Châu, Sơn La, Hòa Bình, Lào Cai, Yên Bái.
* Northeast: Phú Thọ, Hà Giang, Tuyên Quang, Cao Bằng, Lạng Sơn, Bắc Kạn, Thái Nguyên, Bắc Giang, Quảng Ninh.
This region have the largest area of Vietnam (over 101 thousand km$^2$), a population of more than 12 million people (2006) account about 30,5% of the area and 14.2% of the population.

## Geography
### Location

Midland and northern mountainous geography is rather special, it has a network of transportation is being invested, upgraded, should increasingly facilitate exchanges with other regions in the country and build open economic.
Northern midlands and mountainous is bordered by 2 provinces of Southern China: Guangxi and Yunnan to the north; 3 provinces of Upper Laos: Phongsali, Luang Prabang, Hua Phan to the west; Red River Delta to the southeast; North Central Coast to the southwest; Gulf of Tonkin to the east.
# Bystřice (Morava)

The Bystřice is a river in the Czech Republic, a left tributary of the Morava River. It flows through the Olomouc and Moravian-Silesian regions. It is 56.1 km (34.9 mi) long.

## Etymology

The name of the river is derived from the Czech word bystrá, which used to mean 'fast-flowing', 'rapid'.

## Characteristic

The Bystřice originates in the territory of Ryžoviště in the Nízký Jeseník range at an elevation of 658 m (2,159 ft) and flows to Olomouc, where it enters the Morava River at an elevation of 210 m (690 ft). It is 56.1 km (34.9 mi) long. Its drainage basin has an area of 266.0 km$^2$ (102.7 sq mi). The average discharge near the mouth is 1.88 m3/s.
The tributaries of the Bystřice are only short creeks. The longest tributaries of the Bystřice are:
| Tributary | Length (km) | Side |
| Důlní potok | 12.4 | left |
| Vrtůvka | 12.3 | left |
| Lichnička | 6.6 | left |

## Flow

The most notable settlement on the river is the city of Olomouc. The river flows through the municipal territories of Ryžoviště, Lomnice, Dětřichov nad Bystřicí, Moravský Beroun, Hraničné Petrovice, Domašov nad Bystřicí, Jívová, Hlubočky, Velká Bystřice, Bystrovany and Olomouc.

## Bodies of water

There are 95 bodies of water in the basin area, but only two of them have an area larger than 1 ha (2.5 acres).
# Vinni Parish

Vinni Parish (Estonian: Vinni vald) is a rural municipality of Estonia, in Lääne-Viru County. It has a population of 5,630 (as of 1 January 2009) and an area of 486.65 km$^2$ (187.90 sq mi).

## Settlements

There are 6 small boroughs: Laekvere, Pajusti, Roela, Tudu, Vinni, Viru-Jaagupi, and 37 villages, including: Aarla, Aasuvälja, Alavere, Allika, Anguse, Aravuse, Arukse, Aruküla, Aruvälja, Ilistvere, Inju, Kaasiksaare, Kadila, Kakumäe, Kannastiku, Kantküla, Karkuse, Kaukvere, Kehala, Kellavere, Koeravere, Kõrma, Kulina, Küti, Lähtse, Lavi, Lepiku, Luusika, Mäetaguse, Männikvälja, Miila, Mõdriku, Mõedaka, Moora, Muuga, Nõmmise, Nurkse, Nurmetu, Obja, Paasvere, Padu, Palasi, Piira, Põlula, Puka, Rahkla, Rajaküla, Rasivere, Ristiküla, Rohu, Rünga, Saara, Sae, Salutaguse, Sirevere, Soonuka, Sootaguse, Suigu, Tammiku, Uljaste, Ulvi, Vana-Vinni, Vassivere, Veadla, Venevere, Vetiku, Viru-Kabala, Võhu, and Voore.

## Religion

Religion in Vinni Parish (2021)
# Jamantuz, May District

Zhamantuz (Kazakh: Жамантұз) is a salt lake in the May District, Pavlodar Region, Kazakhstan.
The lake lies in the western part of May District, 60 kilometers (37 mi) to the WSW of Maytubek village. The Bolshoy Togyzbay and Kainama winter resorts are located near the lake. The area surrounding Zhamantuz is used for livestock grazing.

## Geography

Zhamantuz is an endorheic lake of the northern end of the Kazakh Uplands, part of the Irtysh river basin. It lies at an elevation of 123.5 meters (405 ft). The Irtysh flows 63 kilometers (39 mi) to the northeast of the lake.
The lake freezes in mid November and stays under ice until the second half of April. There are a number of other lakes in its vicinity, such as Alkamergen 13 kilometers (8.1 mi) to the west, Karasor 35 kilometers (22 mi) to the east and Altybaysor 47 kilometers (29 mi) to the NNW.
# The Big Black Mark

The Big Black Mark (1975) is a science fiction novel by Australian writer A. Bertram Chandler. It forms part of the author's Rim World series, featuring the recurring character, John Grimes.
It was originally published by Daw Books in USA in 1975.

## Synopsis

Captain John Grimes is placed in command of the Census spaceship Discovery. This is crewed by a company of malcontents who have been placed together on this vessel in an attempt to keep them out of trouble. Unfortunately, hope is dashed when they mutiny against Grimes's command and cast him adrift in space.

## Dedication

* "To William Bligh."

## Critical reception

Spider Robinson, reviewing the novel on its original release in Galaxy magazine noted: "Black Mark borrows just a bit too heavily from both Nordhoff & Hall and Herman Wouk, if you get my galactic drift. True-blue Grimes fans should be satisfied, but I found it pat in spots, contrived in others, and a little too reminiscent of some of the worst Star Trek episodes."

## Publication history

After its original publication in 1975 in the US by publishers Daw Books the novel was later published as follows:
* Daw Books reprint 1978, 1982
* Baen Books, USA, 2007 (ebook)
* Orion Books, UK, 2015 (ebook)
The novel was also included in the following compilations of Chandler's work:
* John Grimes: Survey Captain, Science Fiction Book Club, 2002
* First Command, Baen Books, 2011
It was translated into German in 1984.

## Awards

* The novel won the Australian Sf Achievement Award for Best Novel in 1976.
# Lee Hightower

Lee Hightower (born July 28, 1993) is an American professional football safety who plays for X-League side Nojima Sagamihara Rise. He played college football at Houston and signed with the Indianapolis Colts as an undrafted free agent after the 2016 NFL draft.

## College career

Hightower played football at the University of Houston after transferring from Boise State in 2013.

## Professional career
### Indianapolis Colts (first stint)

Hightower signed with the Indianapolis Colts as an undrafted free agent on August 2, 2016. He was released by the Colts on September 3, 2016, and was signed to the practice squad on September 9. He spent time on and off the Colts' practice squad before being waived on October 18, 2016.

### Washington Redskins

On November 8, 2016, Hightower was signed to the Washington Redskins' practice squad. He was released by the Redskins on December 13, 2016.

### Indianapolis Colts (second stint)

On January 12, 2017, Hightower signed a reserve/future contract with the Colts. He was waived on September 2, 2017.
# Agim Krasniqi

Agim Krasniqi (Macedonian: Агим Красниќи, romanized: Agim Krasnikji) is an ethnic Albanian and former insurgent leader based in the village of Kondovo near Skopje, the capital of North Macedonia.

## Life

Krasniqi was born in Kondovo near Skopje in 1951. In 1984, while he was part of the Fronti Nacional Çlirimtar, he was arrested along with other members. He was one of the commanders of the Albanian National Army, which participated in the 2001 insurgency in Macedonia. He remained active as the leader of an armed group after the signing of the 2001 Ohrid Agreement.
Krasniqi and his group of around 100 militants controlled the village of Kondovo twice, first in July and December 2004 and later between February and August 2005, that accompanied the governmental vote of the time. Through the media, Krasniqi threatened to shell Skopje and his men kidnapped and beat four police officers. After this, the ANA withdrew into Kosovo. In July 2005, President Branko Crvenkovski held a session of the National Security Council to discuss the situation. On 14 July, the council gave the green light for the police to arrest Krasniqi. A month later, Krasniqi voluntarily showed up in front of a judge. The judge decided that the action guaranteed he would be available for the courts during the judicial process. As a result, the arrest warrant was withdrawn and he was not detained.
Krasniqi's group was accused by the Macedonian government and media of being involved in the attack on the police station in the village of Vratnica on 12 July 2005. Three shells were fired from a missile launcher at the station, mortars, and automatic firearms. These attacks resulted in the area being declared off-limits by the Macedonian police.
Starting in September 2004, arrest warrants were issued against him for illegal possession of weapons, kidnapping and theft. He was later arrested and sent to court. In February 2007 Agim Krasniqi and his group pleaded not guilty on charges of acts of terror. In 2008, Krasniqi was sentenced to 15 years in prison in Macedonia due to a series of crimes, including election irregularities, possession of weapons, and criminal association. Krasniqi was allowed to spend the weekends out of prison. In September 2017, he was welcomed by the villagers in Kondovo. After almost 13 years spent behind bars, Krasniqi escaped in 2020 after a free weekend from the Štip prison where he was serving his sentence, two months before the parliamentary elections. After being a fugitive for four years, Krasniqi was arrested in Kosovo in April 2024. Krasniqi was extradited to North Macedonia in July and returned to the Štip prison.
# Njakinjaki

The Njakinjaki (Nyaki Nyaki) are an indigenous Noongar people of southern Western Australia, in the Wheatbelt and Great Southern regions.

## Country

Njakinjaki traditional territory embraced some 12,000 square miles (31,000 km$^2$) of land. They were east of Lake Grace, at Newdegate, Mount Stirling, Bruce Rock, Kellerberrin, and Merredin. Their western frontier was through to Jitarning. Their southern reaches went as far as Lake King, and Mount Madden. The eastern boundaries ran along the area close to Lake Hope and Mount Holland.

## Language

The Njakinjaki language has been said to be a dialect of Noongar or of Kalaamaya.

### Some words

* mamon (father)
* knockan (mother)
* dooda (tame dog)
* yokkine (wild dog)
* koolongnop (baby)
* jennok (white man)
# Sine MacKinnon

Sine MacKinnon (11 February 1901 – 1996) was an Irish landscape artist.

## Early life

Selina Mairi Sine MacKinnon was born in Newcastle, County Down to Ranuld Edmund Eliot MacKinnon of Binfield, Surrey and Clementina Alicia née D'Arcy. Her father was a clerk in the law courts in London.
She was educated in the Slade School of Fine Art in London between 1918 and 1924. Her mentor was Henry Tonks. Her portrait was painted by a fellow student Allan Gwynne-Jones in 1922.

## Work

MacKinnon exhibited twice in Paris in the 1920s and then in the Goupil Gallery in London in 1928. It was about this time she met her future husband Rupert Granville Fordham. She exhibited 29 paintings at the Fine Art Society in London in 1929. Mackinnon had a daughter, Jan Fordham, born in August 1935. The Tate Gallery purchased her painting, Farm Buildings in Provence (1934) in 1940.
By 1949 she had works in the Leicester Galleries, two works in the Tate Gallery and paintings in the Galerie nationale du Jeu de Paume, Paris, Gallery Oldham, Brighton and Manchester City Galleries. She had exhibited in the New English Art Club, the London Group, the Royal Academy, the Salon d'Automne, the Lefevre Gallery, the Redfern Gallery and Arthur Tooth & Sons Gallery.
Her work was critiqued by Thomas MacGreevy.
When her husband was ill, MacKinnon reduced her painting. He died in 1974. After that she began to show in exhibitions again. She was a member of the French women artists group « Art et Regard des Femmes [fr] ». Mackinnon died in Paris in 1996.