OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Accelerated idioventricular rhythm

Accelerated idioventricular rhythm is a ventricular rhythm with a rate of between 40 and 120 beats per minute. Idioventricular means “relating to or affecting the cardiac ventricle alone” and refers to any ectopic ventricular arrhythmia. Accelerated idioventricular arrhythmias are distinguished from ventricular rhythms with rates less than 40 (ventricular escape) and those faster than 120 (ventricular tachycardia). Though some other references limit to between 60 and 100 beats per minute. It is also referred to as AIVR and "slow ventricular tachycardia."
It can be present at birth, however, it is more commonly associated with reperfusion after myocardial injury. AIVR is generally considered to be a benign abnormal heart rhythm. It is typically temporary and does not require treatment.

## Pathophysiology

The accelerated idioventricular rhythm occurs when depolarization rate of a normally suppressed focus increases to above that of the "higher order" focuses (the sinoatrial node and the atrioventricular node). This most commonly occurs in the setting of a sinus bradycardia.
Accelerated idioventricular rhythm is the most common reperfusion arrhythmia in humans. However, ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation remain the most important causes of sudden death following spontaneous restoration of antegrade flow. Prior to the modern practice of percutaneous coronary intervention for acute coronary syndrome, pharmacologic thrombolysis was more common and accelerated idioventricular rhythms were used as a sign of successful reperfusion. It is considered a benign arrhythmia especially in the setting of STEMI(where it is conventionally thought to be an indicator of reperfusion) that does not require intervention, though atrioventricular dyssynchrony can cause hemodynamic instability, which can be treated through overdrive pacing or atropine.

## Diagnosis
### Differential diagnosis

AIVR appears similar to ventricular tachycardia with wide QRS complexes (QRS >0.12s) and a regular rhythm. It can most easily be distinguished from VT in that the rate is less than 120 and usually less than 100 bpm. There may or may not be AV dissociation depending on whether it is due to ventricular escape or AV block.
# Vladimir Plugin

Vladimir Alexandrovich Plugin (Russian: Владимир Александрович Плугин; 30 July 1937 – 6 December 2003) was a Russian historian, art historian and university professor. He worked in the fields of the history of Russia, source criticism, art history, social and political history, war history, history of the army and navy. He specialized in Old Russian Chronicles, Russian icons (specifically Andrei Rublev's). He penned Rublev's biography titled The Master of the Holy Trinity: Andrei Rublev's Works and Days (Russian: Мастер Святой Троицы: Труды и дни Андрея Рублева).
Plugin studied at the Moscow State University and graduated from the Faculty of History, where he studied under Viktor Lazarev and Mikhail Belyavsky. He taught at the Moscow State University since 1968.

## Works

* Eschatology as a Subject in the Old Church Slavonic Social Thought (Russian: Эсхатологическая тема в древнерусской общественной мысли), 1971
* The Worldview of Andrei Rublev (Russian: Мировоззрение Андрея Рублёва), 1974
* Sergius of Radonezh — Dmitry Donskoy — Andrei Rublev (Russian: Сергий Радонежский — Дмитрий Донской — Андрей Рублёв), 1989
* Alekhan, or a Person with a Scar: A Biography of Alexei Orlov-Chesmensky (Russian: Алехан, или Человек со шрамом: Жизнеописание графа Алексея Орлова-Чесменского), 1996
* The Master of the Holy Trinity: Andrei Rublev's Works and Days (Russian: Мастер Святой Троицы: Труды и дни Андрея Рублева), 2001
* The History of Russian and Soviet Art (Russian: История русского и советского искусства), 1989
# Hîncești

Hîncești (Romanian pronunciation:) is a city and municipality in Moldova.
Hîncești is situated on the Cogâlnic River, 33 km (21 mi) southwest of the Moldovan capital, Chișinău. Since 2003 it has been the seat of Hîncești District.

## History

Hîncești was established in 1500 AD as Dobreni. It was part of the Principality of Moldavia until its annexation by Russia in 1812. Within the Russian Empire it was known under the Russified name Gincheshty (Гинчешты), but in Romanian as Hîncești. After World War I, it became part of Romania, formed in the meantime from the unification of the principalities of Wallachia and Moldavia. During World War II, it was occupied by the Soviet Union in 1940, which changed its name to Kotovskoe after Grigore Kotovski, who was born there. But from 1941 to 1944 it was again known as Hîncești, when Romania regained control of the settlement. Before WWII, the Jewish community was rather large, in 1930, there were 1,523 Jews living there.
From 1945 to 1965 it was called Kotovskoe, which in 1965 was changed to Kotovsk. Since 1990 it is again called Hîncești.

## Demographics

According to the 2014 census, the population of Hîncești amounted to 12,491 inhabitants, a decrease compared to the previous census in 2004, when 15,281 inhabitants were registered. Of these, 5,824 were men and 6,667 were women.
Ethnic composition of Hîncești (2014)
    Linguistic composition of Hîncești (2014)
Footnotes:
* There is an ongoing controversy regarding the ethnic identification of Moldovans and Romanians.
* Moldovan language is one of the two local names for the Romanian language in Moldova. In 2013, the Constitutional Court of Moldova interpreted that Article 13 of the constitution is superseded by the Declaration of Independence, thus giving official status to the name Romanian.
In 1890, Hîncești had a stable population of 3,098 citizens. By 1970, the population had increased to 14.3 thousand, and by 1991, 19.3 thousand.

## Education

There are four Lyceum (junior colleges) in Hîncești:
* Mihai Viteazul Lyceum
* Mikhail Lomonosov Lyceum
* Mihai Sadoveanu Lyceum
* Mihai Eminescu Lyceum
* Timotei Bătrânu Arts School

## Sports

The local football club is FC Petrocub Hîncești.

## Notable citizens

* Grigory Kotovsky (1881–1925), Soviet military leader and Communist activist.
* Manuc Bei, Very wealthy Armenian merchant

## International relations
### Twin towns – Sister cities

Hîncești is twinned with:
* Ploiești, Romania
* Or Akiva, Israel
# Lipscomb Norvell

Lipscomb Norvell (September 1756 – March 2, 1843) was an American military officer in the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War.
Norvell was the son of John Norvell and an unknown daughter of Moses Lipscomb of Hanover County, Virginia, and the great-grandson of Captain Hugh Norvell, one of the original trustees of the city of Williamsburg, Virginia.
Norvell entered the Continental Army on August 7, 1777, as a cadet in Captain William Mosby's company of the 5th Virginia Regiment of Foot commanded by Colonel Josiah Parker. On January 15, 1778, he became regimental paymaster. He fought in the Revolutionary War Battles of Brandywine, Trenton, and Monmouth. He became a second lieutenant in September, 1778 and a first lieutenant in February, 1780. In 1780, he was in the City of Charleston with forces sent to defend the city in response to a British threat towards southern colonies. After the Siege of Charleston, the city fell, Norvell was taken prisoner of war and remained in British custody until the end of the war. From his service, he joined the Society of the Cincinnati. After the war, he was a justice of the peace and early pioneer in Kentucky, where he had received considerable lands as a bounty for his war service. At the time of his death, he lived with his family in Nashville, Tennessee. He is believed to be the first Revolutionary War officer buried in the Nashville City Cemetery. One of his sons was U.S. Senator John Norvell of Michigan and his grandson, William Walker, the son of Mary Norvell Walker, was a filibuster in Nicaragua.
# Romaška

Romaška is a Lithuanian language family name, which comes from mayweed (Lithuanian: Ramunė; Russian: Ромашка, Romashka). It may refer to:
* Gediminas Romaška (born 1955), Lithuanian politician
* Nijolė Romaškienė (born 1955), Lithuanian politician
* Giedrė Romaškienė (born 1980), Lithuanian school headmaster
* Petras Romaška (born 1979), Works in Lithuanian army.
# Ali Abu Hassun

Ali Abu Hassun (Arabic: أبو حسون علي بن محمد الشيخ الوطاسي), also Abu al Hasan Abu Hasun or Abu Hasun, full name Abu al-Hasan Abu Hasun Ali ibn Muhammad (died September 1554), was a regent of the Crown of Morocco for the Wattasid dynasty during the 16th century.

## Life

In 1545, he succeeded Sultan Ahmad, who had been taken prisoner by his southern rivals the Saadians. Ali Abu Hassun became regent for Ahmad's young son Nasir al-Qasiri. Upon his accession, he pledged allegiance to the Ottoman Empire to obtain its support.
Ahmad came back after two years, and was able to rule from 1547 until 1549 when Fez and then Tlemcen were conquered by his southern Saadian rivals under Mohammed ash-Sheikh. Sultan Ahmad died that year, and Ali Abu Hassun again became regent, but since his country was occupied by the Saadians, he was offered asylum in Ottoman Algiers.
Following the reconquest of the Kingdom of Tlemcen over the Saadians in 1549, Ali Abu Hassun was able with the help of the Ottomans under Salah Rais to reconquer Fez in 1554, and was put in place as Sultan of Fez, supported by janissaries. Ali Abu Hassun paid off the Turkish troops and gave them the base of Peñon de Velez, which the Moroccans had reconquered in 1522.
The reconquest of Fes was short-lived however. Ali Abu Hassun was vanquished and killed by the Saadians at the Battle of Tadla in September 1554. Mohammed ash-Sheik was able to recapture the city of Fez and became the undisputed ruler of Morocco, establishing the Saadian dynasty as the sole ruler of the country. He then started negotiations with Spain to oust the Ottomans.
# Vašíček

Vašíček (feminine Vašíčková) is a Czech surname, a diminutive or nickname from Czech: "Václav". Notable people include:
* Antonín Vašíček (1903–1966), Czech physician
* Caroline Vasicek (born 1974), Austrian actress
* Jiří Vašíček (born 1980), Czech ice hockey player
* John Vasicek (born 1974), American filmmaker
* Josef Vašíček (1980–2011), Czech ice hockey player
* Michael Vašíček (born 1979), German ice hockey player
* Oldřich Vašíček (born 1942), Czech mathematician
* Václav Vašíček (born 1991), Czech footballer
* Vic Vasicek (1926–2003), American football player
* Vladimír Vašíček (1919–2003), Czech painter

## Other meanings

* Vasicek model, a mathematical model, named after Oldřich.
* Origin of name: a little (cek) vaclav (named after King Vaclav, also known as King Wenceslas, the first Christian king of Bohemia and patron saint)
# Wladimir Troubetzkoy

Wladimir Troubetzkoy (10 October 1942 – 2 June 2009) was a French literary historian of Polish-Belarusian-Russian origin.
Growing up as a member of the aristocratic Russian family Troubetzkoy in exile in France, but speaking the Russian language at home, he graduated with a degree in Literature from the École normale supérieure and is a docteur d'État. He was Professor of Comparative literature at the University of Versailles (Université de Versailles-Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines) and director of the Institute of Arts, Science, Culture and Multimedia (Institut Universitaire Professionalisant Arts, Sciences Culture et Multimédia).

## Select bibliography

* L'Aristocratie et le rôle de l'écrivain dans la littérature européenne de la première moitié du XIXe siècle (1989 [diss.]).
* "De l'art d'accommoder les grands-mères: La Belle et le Chaperon." Littératures 24 (1991): 29-52
* Le Double, études recueillies par Jean Bessière; avec la collab. de Antonia Fonyi, 1995.
* La Figure du double, textes réunis et présentés par Wladimir Troubetzkoy. Paris : Didier érudition, 1995
* "Vladimir Nabokov's Despair: the reader as 'April's Fool'", Cycnos (12:2) 1995, 55–62.
* L'ombre et la différence : le double en Europe. 1re éd. Paris : Presses universitaires de France, c1996
* LiOtérature comparée, sous la direction de Didier Souiller avec la collaboration de Wladimir Troubetzkoy; avec la contribution de Dominique Budor... (Collection Premier cycle, ISSN 1158-6028) Paris : Presses universitaires de France, 1997
* Saint-Pétersbourg : mythe littéraire. Paris : Presses universitaires de France, 2003.
* Fratries : frères et soeurs dans la littérature et les arts, de l'Antiquité à nos jours, sous la direction de Florence Godeau et Wladimir Troubetzkoy; ouvrage publié avec le concours du Centre national du livre et de l'Université de Versailles-St. Quentin. (Société française de littérature générale et comparée. Congrès (31 : 2002 : Université de Versailles-Saint Quentin en Yvelines). Paris : Kimé, c2003.
# Temescal Regional Recreational Area

Temescal Regional Recreation Area (TRRA), formerly Lake Temescal Regional Park, is a regional park in the Berkeley Hills, in northeastern Oakland, California. The TRRA encompasses 48 acres (19 ha), abutting SR 24, SR13, and the interchange connecting the two highways, southwest of the Caldecott Tunnel.The park is part of the East Bay Regional Park District (EBRPD).

## History of the lake

Lake Temescal was created in 1869, after Anthony Chabot won a contract to supply the town of Oakland, California with drinking water. Chabot had already become notable by developing a method of extracting gold from the Sierra Nevada mountains with high-pressure water cannons. He decided to use the same technique to construct a reservoir by blasting the walls above Temescal Creek, and recovering the dirt and rocks to build an earthen dam across the creek. Chabot had already formed the Contra Costa Water Company to pump water from the proposed reservoir to the Oakland water system.
By 1875, Oakland's population had grown to about 25,000 from about 10,000 when the dam was first completed. It was obvious that Lake Temescal was too small to remain the primary source of the city's water, so Chabot's company moved farther south to construct a much larger reservoir, later named Lake Chabot in Castro Valley. Temescal became only a secondary source.
Lake Temescal is the main attraction in the park, which also offers trails, picnic areas, forest habitats, and bird watching. The lake was originally constructed as a drinking water reservoir for the city of Oakland. It was one of the first three parks opened to the public in 1936 by the East Bay Regional Park District (EBRPD).

## Beach House

In 1940, workers supplied by the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) constructed an imposing building overlooking the lake. The two-level building, which has since been known as Beach House, can be rented for private events, such as group meetings, receptions and dinners.
# Prachanda Putanigalu

Prachanda Putanigalu (Kannada: ಪ್ರಚಂಡ ಪುಟಾಣಿಗಳು) is a 1981 Indian Kannada film, directed by Geethapriya and produced by M. K. Balaji Singh. The film stars Master Ramakrishna Hegde, Master Bhanuprakash, Baby Indira and Master Naveen in lead roles. The film had musical score by Upendra Kumar. The film was remade by the director in 1982 in Hindi as Anmol Sitaare.

## Cast

* Master Ramakrishna Hegde as Ramu
* Master Bhanuprakash as Setu
* Baby Indira
* Master Naveen
* Sundar Krishna Urs SP Subhash Kulkarni
* Srilalitha
* Sadashiva Brahmavar
* Dinesh Railway Guard
* Shivaram
* Musuri Krishnamurthy as Police Constable 244
* Sudheer as Shambhu
* Prabhakar as Rudra
* Dwarakish as Himself
* Thoogudeepa Srinivas as Shankar
* Jr Narasimharaju
* Dingri Nagaraj
* Guggu
# Boeng Reang

Boeng Reang (Khmer: ឃុំបឹងរាំង) is a khum (commune) of Kamrieng District in Battambang Province in north-western Cambodia.

## Villages

| Village code | Name | Khmer |
| 02120201 | Doung | ដូង |
| 02120202 | Ou Da Leu | អូរដាលើ |
| 02120203 | Ou Krouch | អូរក្រូច |
| 02120204 | Svay | ស្វាយ |
| 02120205 | Svay Thum | ស្វាយធំ |
| 02120206 | Boeng Reang | បឹងរាំង |
| 02120207 | Preah Puth | ព្រះពុទ្ធ |
| 02120208 | Phnom Chap | ភ្នំចាប |
| Source: |||
# Parapercis maculata

Parapercis maculata, the harlequin sandperch, is a species of marine ray-finned fish in the family Pinguipedidae, found in shallow waters in the tropical western Indo-Pacific Ocean.

## Description

The harlequin sandperch grows to a maximum length of 20 cm (8 in). It is cylindrical at the front but somewhat compressed at the back. The head is large with an oblique mouth and the eyes set near the top. There is a spine on the operculum. The dorsal fin has five spines and twenty-one (occasionally twenty-two) soft rays. The fourth spine is the longest. The anal fin has a single spine and eighteen or nineteen soft rays. The general colour is pale reddish or greyish brown, shading to white on the underparts. There are large irregular reddish-brown blotches on the back, with six distinctive reddish-brown, squarish blotches below the lateral line. The dorsal fin has rows of small orange spots on the soft rays, and the anal fin has rows of white spots. The caudal fin is slightly rounded, the second to fourth rays are a little longer than the others, and the lowest quarter is reddish brown.

## Distribution and habitat

The harlequin sandperch is native to shallow water in the western Indo-Pacific. Its range includes Zanzibar, India and Sri Lanka. Previously its range extended further east to include Hong Kong, Taiwan and Japan, but the morphology of the fish in that region was slightly different and they are now recognised as a separate species, Parapercis pulchella. It is found at depths down to about 25 m (82 ft) on sandy bottoms in sheltered bays and estuaries.

## Biology

The harlequin sandperch is often to be seen resting on the seabed, propped up on its pelvic fins. Like many other members of its genus, it is thought to be a protogynous hermaphrodite, starting adult life as a female and later becoming a male.
# Antey Concern

Antey Concern (Russian: НПО Антей) was a defense industry company based in Moscow, Russia. In 2002 it was merged with NPO Almaz to form Almaz-Antey.
The Antey Concern specialized in the production of high-performance surface-to-air missile systems and sophisticated radio-engineering products. Antey produced the S-300V (SA-12) long-range anti-aircraft, anti-missile system and the Tor (SA-15) short-range battlefield system. Antey also specialized in the development and production of commercial refrigeration equipment, domestic radio electronic devices, and consumer goods.
The Concern comprised two scientific research institutes and several large plants, including the Scientific Research Institute of Electromechanics (NIIEhM) and a machinery production plant in Volzhsk (Volzhskprodmash) that specialized in a wide range of refrigeration installations. Antey also reportedly included a co-located plant that produced printed circuits and other electronic products on an experimental scale.

## History

NPO Antey at the time of its creation in 1983 consisted of three enterprises:
* Scientific Research Electromechanical Institute (Moscow)
* Strela Research Institute (Tula)
* Arsenal Plant (Tula)
In 1988 the NPO Antey already included nine enterprises, including the Izhevsk Electromechanical Plant and the Mari Machine-Building Plant.
In 1991 due to changes in legislation the NPO Antey was transformed into the Antey Concern.
By Decree of the Government of Russia dated December 01, 1994 No.1309, on the basis of the Antey Concern, it was created OJSC Industrial company Antey Concern with the consolidation of 100% of its shares in federal ownership. The group already consisted of fifteen enterprises.
В 2002 году была начата реализация ФЦП «Реформирование и развитие оборонно-промышленного комплекса (2002—2006 годы)», в основу которой положено образование вертикально-интегрированных структур из числа предприятий оборонно-промышленного комплекса России.
In 2002,the Federal Target Program "Reforming and Development of the military-industrial complex (2002-2006)" was launched, which is based on the formation of vertically integrated structures from among the enterprises of the Russian military-industrial complex.
By Decree of the President of the Russian Federation No.412 dated April 23, 2002, JSC Industrial Company Concern Antey was further expanded by merging with NPO Almaz and other enterprises and renamed Almaz-Antey Corporation. It includes forty-six industrial and research enterprises and organizations.
# Barnaul Law Institute

53°20′34″N 83°47′14″E﻿ / ﻿53.3429°N 83.7872°E﻿ / 53.3429; 83.7872
The Barnaul Law Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia (Russian: Барнаульский юридический институт МВД России) is a higher institution of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russia located in Barnaul, Altai Territory. It is one of the leading educational organizations of the MVD.

## History

It was founded on 29 June 1957 as the Special Secondary School for the Training of the Commanding Staff of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Soviet Union. In 1994, it was transformed into a branch of the Ryazan Higher School of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, and in 1998, the national government ordered the establishment of the modern institution. In 1999, the Russian Air Force disbanded the Barnaul Higher Military Aviation Pilot School in the central district, after which the institute was moved to its former facilities.

## Activities and student life

The institute primarily trains district police officers, with graduates of the institute also often serving in other MVD police departments. Students of the faculty of distance learning are police employees in the Siberian and Far Eastern Federal Districts. Students study at 4 faculties (Faculty of Police and Investigator Training, Faculty of Distance Learning, Faculty of Vocational Training and the Faculty of Advanced Training). It also operates over 10 educational departments. The Barnaul Law Institute also engages in scientific research. In optional classes, cadets learn table etiquette, communication ethics, learn and ballroom dancing. The creative teams of the institute include a brass band, a percussion ensemble and vocal groups. The Honour Guard Platoon of the institute was formed in 2011. The cadets in the unit were conscripted from the Kremlin Regiment of the Federal Protection Service in Moscow. It is considered to the hallmark of the institute, being annual participant in the Barnaul Garrison's Victory Day Parade in honor of the end of the Second World War, as well as celebrations of the city and the territory.

## Symbols

The emblem of the Barnaul Law Institute consists of an MVD shield and additional decorations in the form of an overhead figure above the shield and the motto (Service to Russia, Service to the Law) under the shield. In the upper part of the shield is a blue field depicting smoke coming from a furnace, which is the coat of arms of the city of Barnaul. In the lower half of the shield, a silver open book on the background known as the Golden Pillar of Law is depicted with two golden crossed swords in a scabbard. The emblem and badge were approved by order of Interior Minister Vladimir Kolokoltsev on 3 April 2013 and are currently entered in the Heraldic Register of the MVD. The flag of the institute that features this emblem was presented to it on 25 October 2014 by Major General Ivan Birnik to the Head of the Institute, Colonel Alexander Andreyev.