OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Cerje, Albania

Cerje (Albanian definite form: Cerja, Macedonian: Церје) is a village at the southeastern end of Pustec Municipality which is officially recognised as a Macedonian minority zone located in the Korçë County of Albania, near the border with Greece. The village is composed of ethnic Macedonians, which form part of the larger Macedonian minority in Albania.

## History

In 1900, Vasil Kanchov gathered and compiled statistics on demographics in the area and reported that the village of Cerja (Церя) was inhabited by about 120 Bulgarian Christians. In 1904, following the Ilinden Uprising, Cerje came under the Bulgarian Exarchate.
In 1911, the village was recorded by Georgi Trajčev as a Bulgarian village having six houses and 54 inhabitants.
In 1939, on behalf of 15 Bulgarian houses in Cerje Fote Fotev signed a request by the local Bulgarians to the Bulgarian tsaritsa Giovanna requesting her intervention for the protection of the Bulgarian people in Albania - at that time an Italian protectorate.

## Demographics

According to a 2007 source, Cerje is the least populous village in Pustec Municipality, having only a small amount of elderly residents.
| Year | Population |
| 1900 | 120 |
| 1926 | 98 |
| 1945 | 175 |
| 1960 | 250 |
| 1969 | 308 |
| 1979 | 308 |
| 1989 | 297 |
| 2000 | 252 |
# Jushan

Jushan or Jowshan (Persian: جوشان or جوشن) may refer to several places:
* Jushan, Isfahan (جوشان - Jūshān), a village in Iran
* Jowshan, Kerman (جوشان - Jowshān), a village in Iran
* Jushan, Kurdistan (جوشن - Jūshan), a village in Iran
* Jushan, Lorestan (جوشان - Jūshān), a village in Iran
* Jowshan Rural District, an administrative subdivision of Kerman Province, Iran
# Reza Ghotbi

Reza Ghotbi (Persian: رضا قطبی; full name Abdorreza Ghotbi Gilani, Iranian; 5 April 1938 – 26 August 2024). He was a mathematician and a telecommunications engineer who headed the National Iranian Radio and Television during the Pahlavi dynasty.

## Early life and education

A fervent nationalist from early childhood, while attending Firouz Kouhi primary school, Ghotbi joined the Pan-Iranist Foundation (not the Party) at the age 11, a year prior to what the regulations allowed. A fervent admirer of Mosaddegh and wholly devoted to the King, the feud between the two turned him off politics altogether. By age 15, at Alborz High School he instead focused on his classes, sports and scouting. He later studied telecommunications and mathematics in France at the Ecole Centrale and the Telecom Paris. Years later, he married Shahrzad Afshar in Tehran, in 1968, and had two children.

## Career

Upon return to his country, Ghotbi taught mathematics at the Aryamehr University of Technology (later named Sharif University after the Revolution). He was then retained by the Plan Organization (Sazman-e Barnam-e) and asked to prepare a project for the establishment of a national Iranian television. Having finished the job, his intention was to pursue his passion and attend MIT in United States. However, he was asked to stay on and head the newly established National Iranian Television (NITV) which later, in 1971, merged with Radio Iran to become the National Iranian Radio and Television (NIRT). He trained young professionals in various required fields and rapidly created a network of television centers covering most provinces throughout Iran. He gathered a team of highly qualified professionals thanks to which NIRT eventually became the most important broadcasting network in the region.
Within a year of running NITV he headed the annual Shiraz Arts Festival under the patronage of HIM the Shahbanou Farah Pahlavi and in later years, the Tous Festival in Mashhad and Festival-e Farhang-e Mardom (Festival of popular culture) in Isfahan.
At the NITV, Reza Ghotbi established Gorouh-e pazhouhesh-e Iran Zamin (Department for Research on Iran), Markaz-e hefz va eshaye-e musiqi-e Iran (Center for the Preservation and Propagation of Iranian Music), Madressey-e āli-e cinema va television (School of Cinema and Television), Kargah-e musiqi-e koodakan va nojavanan (Music Workshop for Children and Young Adults), Kargah-e nemayesh (Theater Workshop), Majalley-e Tamasha (Tamasha magazine) and Entesharat-e Soroush (Soroush Publishing House), amongst others.
Twice during his career, he offered his resignation, butting heads with the intelligence services as he wouldn’t accept censorship in any programming. His final resignation was accepted by Prime Minister Amouzegar in 1978, shortly before he was replaced by Sharif-Emami.

## Later years

Ghotbi left Iran several months after the onset of the Revolution. He resided in Paris for some years before settling in the United States but eventually moved back to Paris to be close to his children and grandchildren.
Ghotbi died of cancer in Paris, on 26 August 2024, at the age of 86.
# Crows Nest National Park

Crows Nest National Park is a national park on the edge of the Darling Downs of southern Queensland, Australia. It is divided into a number of sections which are located in both Crows Nest and Grapetree, 40 km west of Esk in the South East Queensland bioregion. A 236 ha national park was first declared in 1967. The park has been extended south along the Great Dividing Range and now covers 17.9 km$^2$ (6.91 sq mi). The average elevation of the terrain is 503 metres.
The geology of the area is dominated by domed granite outcrops. The vegetation in the park is mostly open eucalypt forest. Species such as the hoop pine, weeping bottlebrush, river she-oak and swamp mahogany can be found along creek banks. The main watercourse in the park is Crows Nest Creek, a tributary of Cressbrook Creek, itself a tributary of the Brisbane River. About 4% of the park is riverine wetlands.
Crows Nest National Park is known for its rugged landscape, waterfalls, and a sparkling gorge called the Valley of Diamonds. This valley is so named because of the mineral, feldspar, which glistens in the sunlight. Popular activities include visiting the lookouts and observing the heath wildflowers, wildlife and birdwatching. A total of 10 rare or threatened species have been identified in Crows Nest National Park. Some of them are on the verge of extinction, such as the brush-tailed rock-wallaby (Petrogale penicillata).

## Facilities

The park has lookouts, walking tracks and facilities for picnics and camping, for which fees apply.
# Anna Nurmukhambetova

Anna Sagtanovna Nurmukhambetova (Kazakh: Анна Сагтановна Нурмухамбетова, born 28 July 1993 in Kokshetau) is a Kazakhstani weightlifter representing Kazakhstan. She originally finished fifth in the 69kg event at the 2012 Summer Olympics, but was later upgraded to silver after disqualifications. Due to the fact that she is currently suspended for an Anti-Doping Rule Violation she is not eligible to receive her reallocated silver medal until September 17, 2023.
# Shor-Bulak

Shor-Bulak (Kyrgyz: Шор-Булак) is a village in the Issyk-Kul Region of Kyrgyzstan. It is part of the Ulakol rural community within the Tong District. Its population was 1,626 in 2021.
# Yuri Ponosov

Yuri Filimonovich Ponosov (Tajik/Russian: Юрий Филимонович Поносов; 24 March 1941 – 20 April 2024) was a Tajikistani of Russian descent who was a Soviet politician.

## Early life and education

Ponosov was born to a working-class family in the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic in 1941. He graduated from a college in Chita in 1961 and later graduated from the Tashkent Institute of Railway Transport Engineers in the Uzbek SSR in 1974.

## Career

From 1961 to 1962, Ponosov worked as a machine operator of a construction department in the Tajik SSR. He then became a mechanic of a house building plant in the Ordzhonikidzeabad District in the Tajik SSR. He served in the Soviet Ground Forces from 1963 to 1966. In 1966, he became the chief technologist of the same house building plant and was promoted to Deputy Director of the plant in 1972.
Ponosov joined the Communist Party of the Soviet Union in 1967. From 1973 to 1975, Ponosov served as the Deputy Chairman of the Ordzhonikidzeabad District Executive Committee. From 1975 to 1982, he served as the Second Secretary of the Ordzhonikidzeabad District Committee of the Communist Party of Tajikistan; the Tajik SSR branch of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. He served as the Head of the Department of Organization and Party Work for the Kulob City Committee of the Communist Party of Tajikistan. From 1983 to 1985, he served as the First Secretary of the Kulob City Committee of the Communist Party of Tajikistan. He served as the Second Secretary of the Gorno-Badakhshan Regional Committee of the Communist Party of Tajikistan from 1985 to 1988. He served as the First Deputy Chairman of the Dushanbe City Executive Committee from 1988 to 1990. He was also appointed to the post of Minister of Construction of the Tajik SSR in 1990. He retained his post of Minister of Construction after the dissolution of the Soviet Union although the ministry was dissolved by the Supreme Soviet of the Tajik SSR in 1992. Ponosov was the third mayor of Dushanbe and served from 1994 to 1996. He assumed the position of First Deputy Prime Minister of Tajikistan on 28 March 1996, but was relieved on 18 February 1998 and left for Moscow. He served as the Head of the Department of Rosstroy of Russia from 1998 to 2001.

## Personal life and death

Ponosov lived in Russia from 1998. He died on 20 April 2024, at the age of 83.

## Awards

* Order of the Badge of Honour
# Vulbens

Vulbens (French pronunciation:; Arpitan: Vulbin) is a commune in the Haute-Savoie department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region in south-eastern France.
Vulbens is located 20 kilometres southwest of Geneva, on the hills of the Vuache. Vulbens has a border with Switzerland, the commune of Chancy. Other neighbouring municipalities are Chevrier, Pougny, Valleiry, Viry and Dingy-en-Vuache.

## History

Vulbens was part of the former province Genevois of the Duchy of Savoy.
Templars moved in 1196 to Vulbens, near the place called "Port of the Isles" (near Collogny) and controlled the passage of the Rhone by people crossing by ferry Traille. The area of the Knights Templar later became the property of the hospital and then was transformed into a farm to the Revolution. Today, riding stables, the only visible remnant of his past is a portal which is engraved on the cross of Malta on the keystone.
During the French Revolution, the Savoy region was conquered by France and Vulbens became attached to the département of Léman, of which capital was Geneva. After the Bourbon Restoration in 1815, it was returned to the Kingdom of Sardinia (heir of the Duchy of Savoy). When Savoy was annexed to France in 1860, it became part of the new département of Haute-Savoie.

## Population

The inhabitants of Vulbens are called Vulbanaises and Vulbanais.
# Miloslav Ištvan

Miloslav Ištvan (2 September 1928 in Olomouc – 26 January 1990, in Brno) was a Czech composer whose work was inspired by the works of Béla Bartók and by the orientation of the modal style of folk songs. He studied Romanian and African folklore. He also attempted a synthesis of classical and pop music genres.
In 1947 he graduated at the gymnasium in Brno-Žabovřesky, and later he pursued his studies at the Janáček Academy of Music and Performing Arts in Brno. He studied composition as a pupil of Jaroslav Kvapil.

## Selected works

Piano:
* Miniatures (1952)
* Sonata (1954)
* Sonata No. 2 (1959)
* 5 Impromptus (1956)
Chamber:
* Rondo for Viola and Piano (1950)
* Sonata for Clarinet and Piano (1954)
* Suite for French Horn and Piano (1955)
* Trio for Cello and Piano (1950)
* Trio for Violin, Piano and Cello (1958)
* Partita for Wind Instruments (1957)
* String Quartet (1951)
Orchestral:
* Symphony (1952)
* Czechoslovak Suite (1951)
* Concert-Symphony for Piano and Orchestra (1958)
* Balada o jihu (Ballad About South) (1960)
# Enid Johnson Macleod

Enid Johnson Macleod (1909 – 17 May 2001) was a Canadian anaesthetist and medical doctor.

## Biography

Gladys Enid Johnson was born in Jacksonville, New Brunswick, Canada, 1909. She spent much of her early life in Nova Scotia. She graduated from Dalhousie Medical School in 1937.
At the urging of Harold Griffith, she became a specialist anaesthetist. Together they pioneered the use of curare as a muscle relaxant, the first occasion being in support of an appendectomy operation on 23 January 1942 at Montreal Homeopathic Hospital.
She married lawyer Innis Gordon Macleod in 1942, then practised in Sydney, Nova Scotia for six years. She joined Dalhousie University Faculty of Medicine in 1960 and retired in 1978 as emeritus professor. She was an active member of the Federation of Medical Women of Canada and its president from 1969 to 1970.
Macleod died 17 May 2001. The Enid Johnson Macleod Award, awarded annually to a physician or non-physician for promotion of women's health research and/or women’s health education, is named for her.

## Selected works

* Petticoat Doctors: The First Forty Years in Dalhousie University (Pottersfield Press, 1990, 2001)
# Celil Yüksel

Celil Yüksel (born 1 January 1998) is a Turkish professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Samsunspor.

## Professional career

Yüksel signed his first professional contract with Galatasaray on 11 October 2017. He made his professional debut with Galatasaray in a 3-0 Süper Lig win over Kayserispor on 10 November 2018.

## Honours
### Galatasaray

* Süper Lig: 2018–19
* Turkish Cup: 2018–19
# List of syndicalists

This is a list of notable syndicalists, grouped by nationality.

## American syndicalists

* Albert Parsons
* Bill Haywood
* Daniel De Leon
* Noam Chomsky
* Sam Dolgoff
* Helen Keller

## French syndicalists

* Fernand Pelloutier leader of the French Bourses du Travail (Labour Exchange)
* Émile Pouget Co-leader of the Confédération Générale du Travail (CGT, founded in 1895)
* Hubert Lagardelle writer
* Georges Sorel
* Albert Camus

## English syndicalists

* Tom Mann
* David Douglass NUM Leader
* Jack Tanner
* Tony Benn

## Scottish syndicalists

* John Maclean, political activist and writer

## Welsh syndicalists

* Noah Ablett, originator of the syndicalist pamphlet The Miners' Next Step
* Sam Mainwaring, orator and originator of the term 'anarcho-syndicalist'
* A. J. Cook

## Irish syndicalists

* Jim Larkin
* James Connolly

## German syndicalists

* Rudolf Rocker

## Italian syndicalists

* Alceste De Ambris
* Michele Bianchi
* Arturo Labriola
* Agostino Lanzillo
* Angelo Oliviero Olivetti
* Paolo Orano
* Sergio Panunzio

## New Zealander syndicalists

* Jock Barnes
* Simon Oosterman

## Spanish syndicalists

* Pablo Iglesias
* Francisco Ascaso
* Buenaventura Durruti
* Ángel Pestaña
# Al Fahd 300

The Al Fahd 300 was an Iraqi solid-propelled short-range ballistic missile that was based on the Soviet S-75 Dvina surface-to-air missile. Its expected range was 300 km, which violated the limits provided by UNSC 687 which stipulated that Iraq was only allowed to have missiles with a range lower than 150 km. The missile project was thus halted and declared abandoned by 1993.

## Development and operational history

In August 1991 Iraq secretly started work on the J-1 surface-to-surface missile based on the S-75 Dvina without notifying UNSCOM. During the development of the missile the Ababil-100 had already been declared and Iraq later on admitted to hiding its Fahd missile project with the Ababil-100 as similarities would be observed between J-1 and Ababil-100. Iraq had declared the project abandoned in May 1993, and had had six tests between January and April 1993 and provided UNSCOM details. Iraq had declared the range to be 134 km but UNSCOM could not verify it. Lt.Gen Hussein Kamel al-Majid had issued the orders for the project and its secrecy. 21 flight tests were claimed overall and the UNSCOM ordered the destruction for 9 of such missiles.

## Al Fahd 500

The 500 km range version although being displayed at the 1989 Baghdad arms exposition did not reach the design stage and according to Pentagon Opinion was a mock-up for a propaganda campaign.
# Vae

Vae, VAE or Vaé may refer to
* Vae (name)
* Vae caecis ducentibus! Vae caecis sequentibus!, Latin for "woe to the blind that lead, woe to the blind that follow", Augustine of Hippo, Contra epistulam parmeniani Libri tres, Lib. III, 4:24, cited by Blaise Pascal in his Lettres provinciales, Onzième lettre "Aux pères jésuites".
* Variational autoencoder, an artificial neural network architecture
* Vae victis, Latin for "woe to the vanquished"
* Vae Victis (album) by Signal Aout 42
* Vae Solis, debut album by Scorn
* VAE Nortrak North America, Inc., a manufacturer of railroad track components
* Validation des Acquis de l'Experience, a procedure of granting degrees based on work experience in France
# Sala Al Jadida

Sala Al Jadida (Arabic: سلا الجديدة) is a city in central Morocco with a population of 200,000 recorded in the 2014 Moroccan census. It is situated on the suburbs of Salé and Rabat. In Arabic, "Sala Al Jadida" translates to "New Salé".
# Glen Fruin

Glen Fruin (Scottish Gaelic: Gleann Freòin) is a glen in Scotland, adjacent to Loch Lomond. It contains the Fruin Water which flows into the loch, and a road, now the A817 road, known as the Glen Fruin Haul Road, which goes from the A82 up the glen and over the top of the hills to HMNB Clyde at Garelochhead.
The road from Glen Fruin to Loch Long was known as Scottish Gaelic: Rathad Mòr nan Gàidheal, (in English "The High Road of the Gaels/Highlanders").

## History
### Roadways

It was originally built as a temporary private road on land leased from Luss Estates to facilitate construction of the Trident facility at RNAD Coulport thus avoiding heavy vehicles using narrow roads on the Rosneath Peninsula. After lobbying by the local authority, it was agreed that it would be upgraded to adoptable standard and opened as a public road.

### Battle of Glen Fruin

It was the site of the Battle of Glen Fruin, one of the last clan battles in Scotland, in which an estimated 300 warriors on foot from the MacGregor Clan claimed victory over an estimated 600-800 men from the Colquhoun Clan. The latter were a mix of mounted and foot soldiers.

### 2024 oil spill

On the 2nd January 2024, oil was detected in the waterways by The Scottish Environment Protection Agency. Following this detection, roadways in the area were limited, and a multi-council cleanup and repair operation began. As of July, 2024, the operation is still underway.
# Bell XH-15

The Bell XH-15 (Bell Model 54) was an American two-seat utility helicopter designed and built by Bell Helicopter, to meet a requirement for a liaison and utility helicopter for the United States Army and United States Air Force.

## Development

The Model 54 was a conventional pod-and-boom four-seat helicopter with wheeled, fixed tricycle landing gear, powered by a single 275 hp Continental XO-470-5 piston engine located in the rear cabin, driving a single two-bladed rotor. The United States Army Air Forces (USAAF) ordered three in February 1946 as the XR-15. The first flight was made in March 1948 with the new designation XH-15, but no orders were forthcoming following evaluation by the United States Air Force (USAF) and the project ended in 1950.

## Variants
### XR-15

    Military designation for three Model 54s ordered for evaluation.

### XH-15

    XR-15 redesignated before delivery.

## Operators
### United States

* United States Air Force

## Specifications

General characteristics
* Crew: one
* Capacity: three
* Length: 27 ft 10 in (8.49 m)
* Height: 8 ft 10 in (2.68 m)
* Max takeoff weight: 2,795 lb (1,268 kg)
* Powerplant: 1 × Continental XO-470-5 piston engine, 475 hp (354 kW)
* Main rotor diameter: 37 ft 4 in (11.38 m)
Performance
* Maximum speed: 110 mph (170 km/h, 92 kn)
* Range: 200 mi (320 km, 170 nmi)
* Service ceiling: 20,000 ft (6,100 m)
# 100 Minutes of Glory

100 Minutes of Glory (Croatian: Sto minuta Slave) is a 2004 Croatian biographical drama film directed by Dalibor Matanić.
The film tells the story of Slava Raškaj, a turn-of-the-century artist, often described as Croatian Frida Kahlo.

## Title

The title of the movie is a pun. Slava Raškaj's given name translates to “glory”.

## Cast

* Sanja Vejnović as Slava Raškaj
* Miki Manojlović as Bela Čikoš Sesija
* Vili Matula as Rapacki
* Nataša Lušetić as Justina
* Krunoslav Šarić as Slava's Father
* Nada Gačešić as Slava's Mother
* Luka Petrušić as Slava's Brother
* Darko Rundek as Charles Dubayer
* Maja Anušić as Young Slava
* Ivana Bolanča as Klara
* Jasna Beri as Marica
* Krešimir Mikić as Imri the Fiancé
* Bojan Navojec as Marko from the Salon
* Milan Živković as Lion from the Salon
# Farsiyeh

Farsiyeh (Persian: فارسيه or فرسيه) may refer to:
* Farsiyeh, Ahvaz, Khuzestan Province
* Farsiyeh, Shushtar, Khuzestan Province
* Farsiyeh 2, Khuzestan Province
* Farsiyeh, Razavi Khorasan
# Albanian-Epirote War of 1385

The Albanian-Epirote War of 1385 (Albanian: Lufta Shqiptaro-Epirote) was a short war waged between the Despotate of Arta, led by Gjin Bua Shpata and the Despotate of Epirus, led by Esau de' Buondelmonti. Gjin Bua Shpata laid siege to the Epirote capital Ioannina, but failed to capture the city, despite multiple attempts. Both sides negotiated Peace and Gjin Bua Shpata and his forces withdrew, thus ending the siege.
# Tomatin

Tomatin (Scottish Gaelic: Tom Aitinn) is a small village on the River Findhorn in Strathdearn in the Scottish Highlands, about 16 miles (26 km) southeast of the city of Inverness. The name derives from the Scottish Gaelic name Tom Aitinn (hill of juniper). The river Findhorn rises at Coignafearn, a large game estate near Tomatin, and then passes through Tomatin village itself. The village has a shop, school and village hall and is most known for its whisky distillery.
At the 2001 census, Tomatin had a population of 183. Many of the inhabitants are employed by local farms and estates, while others commute to Inverness and surrounding towns.
Tomatin has been bypassed by the A9 since 1976.

## The Tomatin Distillery

Tomatin is perhaps best known for being the home of Tomatin whisky which, with its 23 stills, was the largest malt distillery in Scotland during the 1970s. Although it is thought that whisky has been distilled on the site since the 16th century, when cattle drovers would buy from a local still, the distillery was not established until 1897 under the name of Tomatin Spey Distillery Co Ltd. In 1986 it was taken over by Japanese conglomerate Takara Shuzo and was renamed The Tomatin Distillery Co Ltd. The number of stills has since been reduced to 12. The distillery was the first in Scotland to install a wood pellet boiler (2012).

## Local facilities

Facilities in the village include a general store, primary school and village hall that is used for a number of social activities. Local estates generate a significant income by attracting wealthy businessmen to take part in grouse shooting; the shooting season begins on 12 August of each year, which is known as the Glorious Twelfth.
The village was served by Tomatin railway station from 1897 to 1965.
In late 2010, the £185,000 Strathdearn Community Centre & Sports Facility was opened by local resident and shinty player, Kevin Thain.

## Tomatin United

Tomatin United plays in the Strathspey and Badenoch Welfare Football Association, playing its home matches at Raigbeg School. The team is made up of locals from 15 years and up. The team is well supported by the local community and receives sponsorship from a local business.