OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Elsa Lewkowitsch

Phyllis Regina Elsa Lewkowitsch (1903–1980), Ph.D., A.R.C.S., was a British research chemist, the daughter of Julius Lewkowitsch and Katherine Julia Morris.
Lewkowitsch was the first female student at the Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, and graduated top of her year. She continued her father's research into oils and fats, and was a contributor to the 14th edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica (1929–30). In the 1930s she prepared a seventh edition of her father's The Chemical Technology and Analysis of Oils, Fats and Waxes (first edition 1895; sixth edition 1923), but publication was prevented by the Second World War.
By her will she established a bequest to found the Society of Chemical Industry's biennial Julius Lewkowitsch Memorial Lecture in memory of her father.

## Publications

* Elsa Lewkowitsch, The ultra-violet absorption spectrum of chlorophyll in alcoholic solution, Biochemical Journal 22/3 (1928); DOI: 10.1042/bj0220777
# Kočerin

Kočerin (Croatian: Ⰽⱁⱍⰵⱃⰻⱀ) is a village in Bosnia and Herzegovina. According to the 1991 census, the village is located in the municipality of Široki Brijeg.

## Demographics

According to the 2013 census, its population was 1,195.
Ethnicity in 2013 :
| Ethnicity | Number | Percentage |
| Croats | 1,191 | 99.7% |
| other/undeclared | 4 | 0.3% |
| Total | 1,195 | 100% |

## Villages

* Kolobarića Dolac
# Khema Baba Temple

Khema Baba Temple (Hindi: खेमा बाबा मंदिर) is a Hindu temple dedicated to folk deity, Lord Sidh Shree Khema Baba located near a sand dune, in Baytu, Barmer District of Rajasthan at Latitude 25.89201°N and Longitude 71.77074°E. It is 48 km (30 mi) from Barmer District. It is situated at a distance of 800m from Railway station and Govt bus stand Baytu.
Khema Baba was a social reformer born in village Baytu Bhopji in Baytu. He was a revered person in Rajasthan as well as in Gujarat. This temple in Baytu headquarter to commemorate him. Fairs are organized every year on magha sudi 9 and bhadrapada sudi 9, in which thousands of people take part from different Region of marwar and around.

## Renovation

Beginning in October 2020, renovations to the temple are underway, and as of December 2022, work is still being done. The Samadhi Sthal of Khema Baba is the foundation for the temple.

## Panorama

In March 2024, Rajasthan Chief Minister Bhajanlal Sharma announced the construction of a panorama dedicated to Khema Baba in Baytu, Balotra. This initiative, part of a larger effort to preserve the state’s cultural heritage, aims to educate the youth about Rajasthan's historical roots and values.
# Ninai Falls

Ninai (Hindi: नीनाई) is a waterfall in Dediapada taluka of Narmada district in the Indian state of Gujarat.

## Geography

Ninai is located off State Highway 163 (Gujarat). It is approximately 35 km from Dediapada and approximately 143 km from Surat. Nearest railway station is Bharuch which is around 125 km away and nearest airport is Surat

## Waterfalls

The height of Ninai falls is more than 30 feet.

## Geographical significance

Ninai Falls has tremendous beauty around it. It is situated in Dediapada's beautiful forest ranges besides Shoolpaneshwar wildlife sanctuary.

## Eco Tourism plan

The Narmada district collectorate is promoting the Sardar Sarovar dam and its surrounding tribal region as possible eco-tourism hotspots. The plan includes the Ninaighat waterfalls also.
# Wahlan

Wahlan (Arabic: وحلان) is a sub-district located in Nati' District, Al Bayda Governorate, Yemen. Wahlan had a population of 782 according to the 2004 census.
# Bet Low

Bet Low (28 December 1924 – 2 December 2007) was a Scottish figurative and landscape painter, notable as one of the Glasgow Girls, and as a co-founder of the Clyde Group.

## Life

Born in Gourock, Bet Low grew up by the Clyde Estuary in poor circumstances, influenced by the stark contrast between Glasgow's industrial areas and the surrounding Scottish countryside.
Low married, and later divorced, the painter Tom MacDonald. With her family, she regularly visited Hoy in Orkney, where the light and landscape provided fresh inspiration for her work.

## Work

Low studied at the Glasgow School of Art during the Second World War, and continued her studies at Hospitalfield House under James Cowie in 1945, who stimulated her lifelong interest in literature, philosophy and politics. She studied to become a teacher at Jordanhill College from 1945 to 1946 but did not complete her training after becoming interested in the theatre.
Following the war, Low was a co-founder of the Clyde Group, part of the left-wing New Scottish Group of writers and artists. Low's early figurative work was influenced by German Expressionism, and frequently depicted post-war Glasgow settings, characters, and refugees.
Low also worked in illustration and theatrical set design at the Glasgow Unity Theatre, and created her first set design for Ena Lamont Stewart's Men Should Weep.
By the 1960s, Low had moved on to the more abstract work for which she is now best known. Of Merge and Emerge (1961) Low said,
   "I was trying to produce an effect of water moving over stones in a riverbed. In some parts, everything is hidden by the depth or movement of water and merged together, and in other parts where the water is more shallow, the stones appear beneath the surface again and emerge into sight"
A friend and contemporary of the poet George Mackay Brown, Low collaborated with him on the poster poem, "Orkney, the Whale Islands" (1987).

## Exhibitions and awards

Low exhibited with The Society of Scottish Independent Artists, the Royal Glasgow Institute, and the New Art Club founded by J.D. Fergusson and Margaret Morris.
In 1956 Low co-organised Glasgow's first open air exhibition, on the railings of the Botanical Gardens. It was reported in The Scotsman as "The Left Bank come to the Kelvin". The exhibition was run independently for five years.
A retrospective of Low's work was presented in 1986 at the Third Eye Centre in Glasgow and at the Pier Arts Centre in Stromness.
# La Lande-de-Lougé

La Lande-de-Lougé (French pronunciation: ) is a commune in the Orne department in north-western France.

## Geography

The commune is made up of the following collection of villages and hamlets, Les Vallées and La Lande-de-Lougé.
La Lande-de-Lougé along with another 70 communes is part of a 20,593 hectare, Natura 2000 conservation area, called the Haute vallée de l'Orne et affluents.
There are 2 watercourses that traverse through the commune, the river Maire and a stream called the Vallées.
vteNeighbouring communes :
Putanges-le-Lac
Les Yveteaux
La Lande-de-Lougé
Lougé-sur-Maire
Montreuil-au-Houlme :
# Saint-Gilles, Ille-et-Vilaine

Saint-Gilles (French pronunciation:; Breton: Sant-Jili-Roazhon; Gallo: Saent-Jill) is a commune in the Ille-et-Vilaine department in Brittany in northwestern France.

## Population

Inhabitants of Saint-Gilles are called saint-gillois in French.
# Kyzaghan

Kyzaghan (Old Turkic: 𐰶𐰃𐰔𐰍𐰣) also known as Kyzaghan Han (Turkish: Kızagan Han) is a Turkic deity of war.
Kyzaghan is often depicted with a sword or bow in one hand and a horn in the other. His wand is the rainbow. Other important symbols included the red horse and red color. He is associated with war and depicted as a strong and powerful god. He assists commanders in leading armies, winning wars, and defeating the enemy. He protects warriors, makes them strong and invincible. Kyzaghan is the son of Kayra and the brother of Ulgan. He lives on the ninth floor of sky. He was portrayed as a young man with a helmet and a spear, riding on a red horse.

## Etymology

The word Kyzaghan (Kızağan) means angry or fierce in Turkic languages. The root word is “Kız", meaning red and anger.
# Kharabat, Kabul

Kharābat (Dari: خرابات) is a neighborhood in the old city of Kabul, Afghanistan. It is a historic area near Hinduguzar, the quarter of Hindus and Sikhs. It has long accommodated musicians. Kharābat has educated many famous musicians of Afghanistan in the Indian Patiali school.

## Terminology

The reason why the area is called Kharabat can be traced back to the term in Persian poetry, where it originally referred to taverns. Like taverns, where people dance and listen to music, the area in Kabul was a place where many local musicians lived as well as where private concerts took place.

## Musical heritage

Important Afghan musicians were born there, as well as the songs of the Indian Dari poets Ustad Qasem Jo, Ustad Natu, Rahim Bakhsh, and Mohammad Omer, master of the rubab. During the time of Ali Shir Khan, it became a centre of art and music and home to many great artists such as Father Ustad Qasem Jo and the predecessor of Mohammad Hussain Sarahang.

## War and rebuilding

During the rule of the Taliban, many musicians emigrated. Many sons and daughters of Kharābat musicians returned after the fall of the Taliban in 2001 to rebuild the community, including Sitar Jo ("Sitar-student") and Qasem Jo (Wahid Qasemi).

## Notable people

* Mohammad Hashem Cheshti (died 1994), classical musician and composer
* Ghulam Dastagir Shaida (1916–1970), singer and musician
# Sushkin

Sushkin (Russian: Сушкин) is a Russian masculine surname, its feminine counterpart is Sushkina. Notable people with the surname include:
* Petr Sushkin (1868–1928), Russian ornithologist
* Vyacheslav Sushkin (born 1991), Russian footballer
# Portrait of a Lady in White

Portrait of a Lady in White is a painting by Titian, made about 1561, of an unknown gentlewoman dressed in white. It is now in the Gemäldegalerie Alte Meister, in Dresden.

## Identity of the sitter

Speculation about the sitter has ranged from a young bride to a prostitute or some family member of the artist. Detailed analysis of her jewelry, dress and hairstyle may give more clues, as does the fan she is carrying. It has long been assumed that Titian had depicted his daughter Lavinia in her bridal gown. However, she married six years before this painting was created, and his fourth child and other daughter, Emilia, didn't marry for another seven years. Titian probably created an ideal image of feminine beauty and used a model that he also used in other paintings. The painting was copied by Peter Paul Rubens, and a similar painting is also in the collection at Dresden.

## Exhibitions

The painting was lent to the Columbus Museum of Art in 2018, and to the Norton Simon Museum in 2019.

## Copies

* Copy by Rubens, c. 1614
* Miniature after a lost Titian
* Copy of a lost Titian, c. 1650
* Engraving of a lost Titian, 1660

## Related portraits

* Portrait of a Lady, c. 1555
* Portrait of Hurrem Sultan, c. 1550
* Portrait of Lavinia, 1545
* Portrait of Lavinia, 1560–1565
# Dargaud (disambiguation)

Dargaud is a publisher of Franco-Belgian comics series.
Dargaud may also refer to:
* Georges Dargaud, French publisher of comics, founder of the Dargaud company
* Dargaud Marina, French film production company
# Fan y Big

Fan y Big (Welsh: Fan y Bîg; pronounced) is a subsidiary summit of Waun Rydd in the Brecon Beacons National Park, in southern Powys, Wales. It is 716.6 m (2,351 ft) high and is often hiked as part of the Horseshoe Walk, a traverse of the four main peaks in the Brecon Beacons.

## The hill

At 716.7 m (2,351 ft), Fan y Big lies at the western tip of the Gwaun Cerrig Llwydion plateau. Its name translates as 'point of the peak' - perhaps in allusion to its striking pointed shape, as seen from some directions. The summit is smooth and grassy, but marked by a cairn, which stands on the edge of its precipitous western face. The view of this face from Cribyn is regarded as very striking. Fan y Big has since lost its status as a Hewitt.

## Access

The peak is prominent on the north facing escarpment of the central part of the Brecon Beacons and three footpaths meet at the summit. All the surrounding land is open access and so walkers can go where they wish. In poor weather however, the paths are the safest route for access. The peak is often crossed by hikers aiming for Cribyn, Pen y Fan and Corn Du, and also forms part of the Fan dance, or Horseshoe Walk, a circular route that traverses four peaks.

## Geology

In common with other peaks of the Brecon Beacons, the upper slopes of Fan y Big are formed from sandstones of the Brownstones Formation of the Old Red Sandstone laid down during the Devonian period. The lower slopes of the hill are formed from sandstones and mudstones of the underlying Senni Formation. The rock strata tilt gently southwards. The valleys to the northwest and east nurtured small glaciers during the last ice age. This glacial erosion resulted in the very steep northern face which the mountain possesses.
# Gara Choqa

Gara Choqa or Garachoqa or Gara Cheqa or Garachqa (Persian: گراچقا) may refer to:
* Gara Choqa, Hamadan
* Gara Choqa, Nahavand, Hamadan Province
* Garachoqa, Kurdistan
# Populazzi

Populazzi is a 2011 young adult novel written by American author Elise Allen. The book was first published on August 1, 2011, through Harcourt Children's Books. The book's title is a portmanteau of the words popular and paparazzi.
Film rights for the novel were optioned by Wind Dancer Films in 2011.

## Synopsis

The book follows Cara, an awkward young woman that decides to reinvent herself as the perfect teenage girl after moving to a new school. The idea seems like it would be all in good fun, but Cara soon finds herself in more trouble than she originally intended. When everything starts going terribly wrong, Cara must find a way to set things right.

## Reception

Critical reception for Populazzi was mixed to positive. The School Library Journal gave a mixed review, mostly praising the novel while commenting that some elements were "rather unrealistic". Kirkus Reviews also gave a mixed review that mentioned that elements of the book were unrealistic at times, stating that book's "attention to details" and "unflinching nature" "makes it all the more noticeable".
# Dave's Gourmet

Dave's Gourmet is a company notable for creating and introducing Dave's Insanity Sauce, which formerly held the title of "world's hottest sauce." The sauce is widely distributed through gourmet hot sauce boutiques and online hot-sauce sites.

## History

The original Dave's Insanity Sauce premiered around 1993 and was one of the first sauces to be made directly from capsaicin extract, allowing it to be hotter than the hottest habanero-pepper sauces of the day. It has been rated at 180,000 Scoville units, compared with 2,500 for Tabasco sauce. Part of the intrigue behind the sauce name (Insanity) was founder Dave Hirschkop’s wearing of a straitjacket at events promoting his products.

## Varieties

The following varieties of Dave's Gourmet sauces are currently available:

### Standard sauces

* Cool Cayenne Sauce
* Ginger Peach Hot Sauce
* Hurtin' Jalapeño Sauce
* Hurtin' Habanero Sauce
* Jammin' Jerk Sauce
* Roasted Garlic Hot Sauce
* Roasted Red Pepper & Chipotle Hot Sauce
* Scotch Bonnet Hot Sauce
* Dave’s Steak Sauce
* Temporary Insanity Sauce
* Insanity Sauce
* Total Insanity Sauce
* Ultimate Insanity Sauce
* Ghost Pepper Naga Jolokia Hot Sauce
* Scorpion Sauce
* Carolina Reaper Sauce
# Paulo Sérgio Machado

Paulo Sérgio Machado (22 November 1945 – 18 October 2024) was a Brazilian Roman Catholic prelate. He was appointed bishop of Ituiutaba from 1989 to 2006 and bishop of São Carlos from 2006 to 2015. He died in Patrocínio on 18 October 2024, at the age of 78.
# Thomas Adams (organist, born 1785)

Thomas Adams (5 September 1785 – 15 September 1858) was an English organist and composer for organ. He was one of the most remarkable organists, improvisators and extempore performers of his day.
Born probably in London, Adams studied under Dr. Thomas Busby and served as organist at several prominent London churches, namely Carlisle Chapel, Lambeth; St. Paul's, Deptford; St. George's, Camberwell; St. Dunstan-in-the-East. His published organ works include many fugues, voluntaries, ninety interludes, and several variations on popular airs. He also wrote variations for piano and many anthems, hymns, and sacred songs. For many years he was in charge of performances on Flight & Robson's Apollonicon.
Among his students was Edward Collett May.
He died in London at the age of 73 on 15 September 1858.
# Yakhi Waterfall

Yakhi Waterfall or Abshar Yakhi (Persian: آبشار یخی lit. 'Iced Fall' or 'Frozen Fall'), is a waterfall in Amol, Iran, located near the southern part of Mount Damavand.
The height of Yakhi waterfall is about 8 to 12 meters in height. and it is located at 5100 meters of elevation. The waterfall is completely frozen throughout the year.
# Bekabad

Bekobod (Uzbek: Bekobod/Бекобод formerly Begovat) is a district-level city in Tashkent Region, eastern Uzbekistan. It lies along both banks of the Syr Darya River near Uzbekistan's border with Tajikistan.
Bekobod originally arose in connection with a cement plant. It received the status of a city in 1945. Until 1964, the city was known as Begovat.
Bekobod underwent rapid industrialization during the Soviet era. It has retained some of its industrial importance. Bekobod is home to a large steel mill and a cement factory. The Farkhad Dam and Farkhad Hydroelectric Plant lie just upstream from the city.

## History

Bekobod originally arose in connection with a cement plant. From 1942 to 1944, a steel plant was constructed in the town. from 1943 to 1948, the Farkhad Dam and Farkhad Hydroelectric Plant were built near Bekobod. The latter is a major source of electricity and irrigation water for Uzbekistan.
Bekobod received city status in 1945. Until 1964, the city was known as Begovat.

## Geography

Bekobod lies along both banks of the Syr Darya River near Uzbekistan's border with Tajikistan. There are mountains to the northeast and southeast of the city. By road it is 140 kilometres (87 mi) south of Tashkent.

### Climate

Bekobod has a hot-summer Mediterranean climate (Köppen climate classification Csa) with continental influences. It has cold winters and hot summers. The average June–July temperature is 28–30 °C (82–86 °F). Sometimes the average June–July temperature reaches 40 °C (104 °F). The mean temperature in January is −2 – −3 °C (28–27 °F).
Climate data for Bekobod :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C | 5 | 9 | 16 | 23 | 29 | 35 | 36 | 35 | 30 | 23 | 14 | 7 | 22 |
| Mean daily minimum °C | −4 | −2 | 4 | 9 | 14 | 18 | 19 | 16 | 11 | 6 | 2 | −2 | 8 |
| Average precipitation mm | 43.5 | 47.9 | 47.4 | 49.5 | 44.8 | 18.5 | 37.2 | 14 | 14.9 | 26.5 | 46.8 | 50.7 | 441.7 |
| Mean daily maximum °F | 41 | 48 | 61 | 73 | 84 | 95 | 97 | 95 | 86 | 73 | 57 | 45 | 71 |
| Mean daily minimum °F | 25 | 28 | 39 | 48 | 57 | 64 | 66 | 61 | 52 | 43 | 36 | 28 | 46 |
| Average precipitation inches | 1.71 | 1.89 | 1.87 | 1.95 | 1.76 | 0.73 | 1.46 | 0.6 | 0.59 | 1.04 | 1.84 | 2.00 | 17.44 |
| Source: ||||||||||||||

## Demographics

In 2021, Bekobod had a population of 96,900. Representatives of many ethnic groups can be found in the city. Uzbeks are the largest ethnic group.

## Economy

Bekobod remains an important industrial city in independent Uzbekistan. It is home to a large steel mill and a cement factory. There is also a brick factory, a meat-packing plant, a cotton plant, and many small and medium enterprises. The Farkhad Dam and Farkhad Hydroelectric Plant lie just upstream from the city.

## Education

Bekobod has a medical institute and a vocational school.

## Notable people

* Shoxrux Abduxalilov (born 1999), actor
# Shiba Kumar Rai

Shiba Kumar Rai is a Professor of medical microbiology and member of National Planning Commission (NPC) of the government of Nepal. He is also founding chairman of Shi-Gan Health Foundation, Shi-Gan Int’l College of Science & Technology (SICOST), Nat’l Institute of Tropical Medicine & Public Health Research, DASHIMURA Foundation & DEVIS Multipurpose (P) Ltd.
He has been awarded “Mahendra Vidhya Bhshan ‘Ga’, ‘Kha’ & ‘Ka’ gold medals” (all three classes) by Government of Nepal (from then king of Nepal) for securing ‘first class first’ position in Bachelor & Master's degrees & for doing PhD (in Medicine), respectively.
# Musina Local Municipality

Musina Municipality (Venda: Masipalawapo wa Musina) is a local municipality within the Vhembe District Municipality, in the Limpopo province of South Africa. It is the northernmost local municipality in South Africa. It borders Botswana, Mozambique and Zimbabwe. The seat is Musina.

## Sub places

The 2011 census divided the municipality into the following Sub Places:
| Place | Code | Area (km$^2$) | Population | Most spoken language |
| Baobab Tree Reserve | 967004010 | 84.13 | 189 | Venda |
| Bergview East | 967004008 | 0.47 | 423 | Venda |
| Bergview West | 967004009 | 0.41 | 44 | Venda |
| Lost City | 967004011 | 0.57 | 747 | Venda |
| Mushongoville | 967004001 | 2.54 | 3,008 | Venda |
| Musina Ext5 | 967004004 | 0.19 | 1,906 | Venda |
| Musina Mine | 967004005 | 3.53 | 57 | Venda |
| Musina SP | 967004007 | 7.51 | 4,423 | Venda |
| Nancefield | 967004003 | 5.82 | 31,133 | Venda |
| Nancefield Ext 2 | 967004002 | 0.15 | 674 | Venda |
| SMG Military Base | 967004012 | 6.35 | 73 | Venda |

## Politics

The municipal council consists of twenty-four members elected by mixed-member proportional representation. Twelve councillors are elected by first-past-the-post voting in twelve wards, while the remaining twelve are chosen from party lists so that the total number of party representatives is proportional to the number of votes received. In the election of 1 November 2021 the African National Congress (ANC) won a majority of nineteen seats on the council. The following table shows the results of the election.
| Party | Party | Ward | Ward | Ward | List | List | List | Total seats |
| Party | Party | Votes | % | Seats | Votes | % | Seats | Total seats |
| | African National Congress | 15,194 | 70.01 | 12 | 16,260 | 75.72 | 7 | 19 |
| | Economic Freedom Fighters | 1,703 | 7.85 | 0 | 2,100 | 9.78 | 2 | 2 |
| | Democratic Alliance | 1,594 | 7.34 | 0 | 2,101 | 9.78 | 2 | 2 |
| | Independent candidates | 2,509 | 11.56 | 0 | | | | 0 |
| | Freedom Front Plus | 245 | 1.13 | 0 | 264 | 1.23 | 1 | 1 |
| | 5 other parties | 458 | 2.11 | 0 | 750 | 3.49 | 0 | 0 |
| Total | Total | 21,703 | 100.00 | 12 | 21,475 | 100.00 | 12 | 24 |
| Valid votes | Valid votes | 21,703 | 98.49 | | 21,475 | 97.39 | | |
| Invalid/blank votes | Invalid/blank votes | 333 | 1.51 | | 575 | 2.61 | | |
| Total votes | Total votes | 22,036 | 100.00 | | 22,050 | 100.00 | | |
| Registered voters/turnout | Registered voters/turnout | 45,309 | 48.63 | | 45,309 | 48.67 | | |