OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Saman Safa

Saman Safa (Persian: سامان صفا, born September 12, 1984) is an Iranian football player. He has most recently played for the Iran's Premier Football League club Foolad as a goalkeeper.

## Club career

A product of the Pas Tehran’s youth system, Safa was drafted into the first team for the IPL 2006/07 season. At the end of the season Pas F.C. officially dissolved, and Safa moved to PAS Hamedan.

### Club career statistics

Last Update: 3 August 2011
| Club performance | Club performance | Club performance | League | League | Cup | Cup | Continental | Continental | Total | Total |
| Season | Club | League | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Iran | Iran | Iran | League | League | Hazfi Cup | Hazfi Cup | Asia | Asia | Total | Total |
| 2006-07 | Pas | Persian Gulf Cup | 5 | 0 | | 0 | - | - | | 0 |
| 2007-08 | PAS Hamedan | Persian Gulf Cup | 10 | 0 | 1 | 0 | - | - | 11 | 0 |
| 2008-09 | PAS Hamedan | Persian Gulf Cup | 19 | 0 | 0 | 0 | - | - | 19 | 0 |
| 2009-10 | Mes | Persian Gulf Cup | 14 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 21 | 0 |
| 2010-11 | PAS Hamedan | Persian Gulf Cup | 26 | 0 | 0 | 0 | - | - | 7 | 0 |
| 2011-12 | Foolad | Persian Gulf Cup | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | - | - | 0 | 0 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 74 | 0 | | 0 | 5 | 0 | | 0 |
# Kuritsyn

Kuritsyn (Russian: Курицын, from курица meaning chicken) is a Russian masculine surname, its feminine counterpart is Kuritsyna. It may refer to
* Fyodor Kuritsyn, Russian statesman, philosopher and a poet
* Svetlana Kuritsyna, Russian journalist
# Florence Vale

Florence Vale (April 18, 1909 - July 23, 2003) was a Canadian artist influenced by Surrealism, Cubism, Expressionism, and the works of Paul Klee. "I paint what I dream", wrote Vale.

## Early life and education

Vale was born in Ilford, then part of Essex, England. She immigrated to Toronto with her family when she was two years old. A piano-maker and musician, Florence's father taught her to play piano at a young age and entertained the family with toys and puzzles he created. Florence's mother was a music-hall musician. Vale had no formal art training; her formal schooling ended at the age of eleven with grade seven, after which she held a series of jobs in Toronto's garment district. When she was eighteen she met Dutch-born artist Albert Franck, a swimming instructor at the Oakwood pool who was teaching her brothers to dive. They were married two years later and had two children, Trudy (who died as an infant) and Anneke.

## Career

Vale was introduced to the world of visual art by her husband, Albert Franck, who painted views of Toronto backyards and houses. In the late 1940s, Vale began to experiment with her husband's paints and brushes. In contrast to Franck's paintings of urban scenes, Vale's subjects were often imaginative and even imaginary. She used ideas from Surrealism to create a private art, one that offered dreams and memories combined with well-observed vision.
Together, Franck and Vale were a part of the Gerrard Street bohemian circle and their Victorian home on Hazelton Avenue in Toronto became a centre for young artists, CBC personalities, writers, musicians, and critics. Vale was thus exposed to a wide variety of artistic inspirations.
After Franck's death in 1973, Vale continued to create oil paintings, collages, and ink drawings, and also included her own poetry in some of her works. Many of her works, most prominently after the death of her husband, were erotic, while still viewed by critics as keeping a whimsical, innocent tone. A series of her drawings was published as The Amorous Unicorn, a book of mostly erotic poetry. Her art appeared in exhibitions in Ontario, Quebec, and New York City, U.S.A. She was represented by the Gadatsy Gallery in Toronto and Julie and Stephen Gadacsy were among her most devoted friends. They helped organize a major retrospective of her work, The Art of Florence Vale curated by Joan Murray at the Art Gallery of Peel in Brampton, Ontario in 2010.
Vale's small 1965 pen and ink drawing Pyramid of Roses was the inspiration for Harold Town’s series of Vale Variations as well as Christopher Chapman and Gordon McLennan's short film celebrating both Town's Variations and the original Vale drawing.
Vale died on July 23, 2003, in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Her fonds is in the Edward P. Taylor Library & Archives, Art Gallery of Ontario.
# Nicolas Prosper Bauyn d'Angervilliers

Nicolas Prosper Bauyn, seigneur d’Angervilliers (15 January 1675 – 15 February 1740) was a French politician. He served as intendant de Dauphiné, intendant d'Alsace, and finally as Secretary of State for War from July 1728 until his death.

## Life

The son of a fermier général, Prosper Bauyn d'Angervilliers was intendant of the généralité of Alençon (1702–1705), then intendant of Dauphiné (1705–1716), of Alsace (1716–1724) and finally of Paris (1724–1728). An experienced administrator, the cardinal de Fleury made him secretary of state for war on the death of Claude le Blanc. In that post, he reorganised the gendarmerie and carried out preparations for the War of the Polish Succession. In order not to be reliant on imports, Louis XV had Angervilliers put in charge of setting up a white-metal factory to equip the army with swords and bayonets - this was set up in Klingenthal (Alsace) in 1730.
# Lathrecista asiatica

Lathrecista asiatica, the asiatic blood tail, is a species of dragonfly in the family Libellulidae. It is the only species in its genus. It is widespread, occurring from India to Australia.

## Subspecies

* Lathrecista asiatica asiatica
* Lathrecista asiatica festa (Selys, 1879)
* Lathrecista asiatica pectoralis (Kaup in Brauer, 1867)

## Description and habitat

It is a medium-sized dragonfly with brown-capped grey eyes and blood red tail. Its thorax is copper brown with a pair of narrow parallel yellow stripes on dorsal side and yellow with stripes on the sides. Segments 1 and 2 of the abdomen have broad lateral stripes and a fine mid-dorsal stripe. Segments 3 to 8 are bright crimson-red with apical sutures narrowly black. Segments 9 and 10 are black. Anal appendages are black. The abdomen of the female is brown.
It breeds in marshes associated with ponds and streams.
# Trade Union for the Public and Welfare Sectors

The Trade Union for the Public and Welfare Sectors (Finnish: Julkisten ja hyvinvointialojen liitto, JHL) is a trade union representing workers in the public sector and welfare services, in Finland.
The union was founded on 22 November 2005, with the merger of three unions:
* Municipal Workers' Union
* Joint Organisation of State Employees
* State and Special Employees' Union
Three other unions, which had been affiliated to the Joint Organisations of State Employees, transferred to the JHL, while maintaining separate identities:
* Coastguard Union
* Finnish Custom Officers' Union
* Prison Officers' Union
All the unions were affiliated to the Central Organisation of Finnish Trade Unions, and the JHL also affiliated. With 230,000 members, it was the biggest union in Finland. In 2008, the Non-Commissioned Officers' Union merged into the JHL, while the Railway Workers' Union joined at the start of 2012.

## Presidents

    2006: Tuire Santamäki-Vuori
    2011: Jarkko Eloranta
    2016: Päivi Niemi-Laine
# Saint-Ouen-des-Alleux

Saint-Ouen-des-Alleux (French pronunciation:; Breton: Sant-Owen-an-Alloz) is a commune in the Ille-et-Vilaine department in Brittany in northwestern France.

## Geography

Saint-Ouen-des-Alleux is located 34 km (21 mi) northeast of Rennes and 38 km (24 mi) south of Mont Saint-Michel.
The adjacent communes are Saint-Christophe-de-Valains, Le Tiercent, Saint-Hilaire-des-Landes, Saint-Marc-sur-Couesnon, Mézières-sur-Couesnon, and Vieux-Vy-sur-Couesnon.

## Population

Inhabitants of Saint-Ouen-des-Alleux are called audonniens in French.

## International relations

Saint-Ouen-des-Alleux is twinned with:
* St Gennys, Cornwall, England
# Alistair Clark, Lord Clark

Alistair MacDonald Clark, Lord Clark, PC (born 3 December 1955) is a Scottish lawyer who was appointed in 2016 as a Senator of the College of Justice, a judge of the Court of Session.

## Career

Alistair Clark began his career a university lecturer, teaching mostly commercial law and company law. He was admitted as an advocate in 1994, and appointed as a Queen's Counsel in 2008.
In May 2016, Clark was appointed as a Senator of the College of Justice. He was installed as a judge on 24 May 2016, taking the judicial title Lord Clark.
On 6 November 2024, Clark was appointed to the Privy Council.
# Luosha Fang

Luosha Fang (Chinese: 方萝莎) is an American-Chinese violinist and violist based in NYC and a violin instructor at Bard College.
Fang studied at the Curtis Institute of Music with Ida Kavafian and Shmuel Ashkenasi and at the Escuela Superior de Música Reina Sofía in Madrid as a viola student of Nobuko Imai. She won first prize in the 2019 Classic Strings International Competition in Vienna and the 2018 Tokyo International Viola Competition, and has collaborated with numerous composers, such as American composer Michael Djupstrom as well as with the Almanac Dance Circus Theatre and the Bill T. Jones/Arnie Zane Dance Company. She was formerly the violist in the Pavel Haas Quartet.
She plays the 'Josefowitz' 1690 Andrea Guarneri viola.

## Discography

With Albany Symphony Orchestra
* Unforgettable: the music of Tsontakis (Naxos, 8.559826, 2017)
With Pavel Haas Quartet
* Brahms Piano Quintet In F Minor, Op. 34 - String Quintet In G Major, Op. 111 (Supraphon, SU 4306-2, 2022)
# Audun Ellingsen

Audun Ellingsen (born 4 January 1979) is a Norwegian jazz musician (Upright bass) known from collaborations within bands like "Sphinx" and with musicians like Frøy Aagre, Erlend Slettevoll and Gisle Torvik.

## Career

Ellingsen was born in Ørsta and started studying classical piano as a child, but substituted the piano with an electric bass guitar at ten, in order to play in local rock bands. Jazz came to be the main musical focus when he went to the musical program at high school in 1998, and he picked up the double bass. After graduation he attended musical studies at Toneheim Folkehøgskole for one year, followed by studies on the jazzprogram at Leeds College of Music (1999) under guidance of Stuart Riley and Zoltan Dekaney. Ellingsen took a Bachelor of Arts in Jazz Studies and got a Masters of Music degree in 2004.
During the time in Leeds Ellingsen played in various bands and local rhythm sections comping touring British and American soloists like Mark Nightingale, Joe Temperly, Alan Barnes and Red Holloway. One of his main projects, “Sphinx” with David Arthur Skinner, was founded in this period and we started recording Cds and touring England and Norway. He also was involved in the very active free jazz and improvisation scene in Leeds. After graduation in Leeds he established himself as a professional musician based in Oslo.
Ellingsen has been touring jazzclubs and festivals in Norway, Finland, Denmark, Sweden, Germany, Greece, France, United Kingdom, Belgium, Slovakia, China and Japan with bands like Frøy Aagre, Arch70, Sphinx, Audun Automat. As a freelance musician he has been playing various styles of jazz with the likes of Kenny Wheeler, Tomasz Stanko, Bobo Stenson, Andy Sheppard, Hot Club de Norvege, Petter Wettre, Staffan William-Olsson, KORK (Norwegian Broadcasting Orchestra), Morten Gunnar Larsen and Matt Bourne.

## Discography (in selection)
### Solo albums
#### With Audun Automat

* 2008: Night Creatures (Pling Music)
* 2011: Inside the Beehive (Pling Music)

### Collaborations
#### With Sphinx

* 2002: Speaks The Riddle ... (Acoustica)
* 2004: Sweet Maladies (Acoustica), trio featuring Petter Wettre
* 2007: Bohemian Sketches (AIM Records)
* 2011: Harmonogram (Pling Music), quartet

#### With Frøy Aagre

* 2006: Countryside (AIM Records), within Offbeat
* 2010: Cycle Of Silence (ACT Records)

#### With Arch70

* 2010: Arch70 (Pling Music)

#### With Georg Reiss Quartet

* 2010: For All We Know (MJB Records)

#### With Gjermund Sivertsen Trio

* 2011: Existence (Pling Music)

#### With Per Frydenlund

* 2011: Tristeza og Happy Hour (Hot Club Records)

#### With Gisle Torvik

* 2013: Tranquil Fjord (Ozella Music/NorCD), with Hermund Nygård
# Colubrina nicholsonii

Colubrina nicholsonii (Pondo weeping thorn, Afrikaans: Pondo-treurdoring) is a species of tree in the family Rhamnaceae. It is a protected species endemic to South Africa. The plant grows in subpopulations in isolated gorges, usually of 10-20 and less than 50 individuals overhanging water. It is estimated that there are no more than 1,000 individuals in the wild.
# Sar Jangal

Sar Jangal (Persian: سرجنگل) may refer to:
* Sar Jangal, Anbarabad, Kerman province
* Sar Jangal, Bam, Kerman province
* Sar Jangal, Rezvan, Jiroft County, Kerman province
* Sar Jangal, Rudbar-e Jonubi, Kerman province
* Sar Jangal, Razavi Khorasan
* Sar Jangal, Zahedan, Sistan and Baluchestan province
# 1988 Munster Senior Hurling Championship final

The 1988 Munster Senior Hurling Championship final was a hurling match played on Sunday 17 July 1988 at Gaelic Grounds, Limerick. It was contested by Cork and Tipperary. Tipperary, captained by Pat O'Neill, retained the title, beating Cork on a scoreline of 2–19 to 1–13.
# Christian Meaas Svendsen

Christian Meaas Svendsen (born 26 February 1988) is a Norwegian jazz bassist. He has worked with Nakama, Paal Nilssen-Love Large Unit, Mopti, Momentum, Aksiom, Ayumi Tanaka Trio and Duplex. He runs Nakama Records.

## Career

Svendsen started his jazz career within Kongsberg Big Band, was a year at Toneheim folkehøgskole and later studied Performing jazz music at the Norwegian Academy of Music (NMH) in Oslo where he did a bachelor in both jazz/improv and classical music. During his years at NMH he studied under Bjørn Kjellemyr and Dan Styffe. He also exchanged to Cologne where he studied under Dieter Manderscheid, Sebastian Gramss and Dietmar Fuhr. In 2007 he was awarded Kongsberg Jazzfestival's talent scholarship. During the Kongsberg Jazzfestival in 2010, Svendsen referred to as "the festival's busiest musician" by Laagendalsposten when he performed seven gigs in different constellations during the festival. In 2011 he received Kongsberg Municipality's Cultural . for his involvement with the city's traditional festival JuleJam.
Together with his own quintet Mopti he won the 2012 JazzIntro award. He is a member of the band Nakama with Adrian Løseth Waade, Andreas Wildhagen, Agnes Hvizdalek and Ayumi Tanaka. The band runs Nakama Records.
Svendsen is also noted for his work with several (2-3) bows at the same time, and also playing with his feet. Quoting from one of his essays from his website, "The body of the instrument and our own body is the ingredients that make up sound, so there is always an aspect of physicality involved, sometimes obvious, sometimes not so much ... I am trying to utilize my body in its current condition to create music that is genuine for this exact time and space...Hands, feet, cheek, head, mouth, voice, arms, legs."
He has worked with Paal Nilssen-Love, Susana Santos Silva, Arild Andersen, Per Oddvar Johansen, Akira Sakata, and Jørgen Mathisen.

## Honors

* 2007: Kongsberg Jazzfestival's talent scholarship
* 2011: Kongsberg Municipality's Cultural Grant

## Discography

* 2016 Forms & Poses (Nakama)
* 2017 Avin (Nakama)
* 2015: Before the Storm, Nakama (Nakama)
* 2016: Grand Line, Nakama (Nakama)
* 2016: Most Intimate, Nakama (Nakama)
* 2017:Worst Generation, Nakama (Nakama)
* 2013: Duolia, Duplex (norCD)
* 2013: Sketches of..., Duplex (norCD)
* 2014: First blow, Large Unit (PNL)
* 2014: Erta Ale, Large Unit (PNL)
* 2015: Én, Duplex (norCD)
* 2015: Riofun, Large Unit (PNL)
* 2016: Memento, Ayumi Tanaka Trio (AMP)
* 2016: Landet Er Gitt Oss, Filosofer (Nakama)
* 2016: Ana, Landet er gitt oss (PNL)
* 2016: Rasengan! Susana Santos Silva, Christine Wodrascka, Christian Meaas Svendsen, and Håkon Berre (Barefoot)
* 2016: Momentum, Momentum (Clean Feed)
* 2012: Andrea Kvintett, Andrea Kvintett (NorCD)
* 2013: Russian Dream, Andrea Kvintett (NorCD)
* 2013: Knyst!, Knyst! (Gaffer)
* 2013: W/M, Christian Meaas Svendsen and Christian Winther (Vafongool)
* 2014: ÄIO, ÄIO (Katariin Raska)
* 2015: Circles, Magnus Bakken Quartet (AMP Music &)
* 2016: Rasengan! (Barefoot)
* 2016: Aksiom, Aksiom (Lawo Classics)
# First Car Rental

First Car Rental is the wholly owned car rental subsidiary of Combined Motor Holdings Limited (CMH), a JSE-listed investment holding company based in South Africa.
First Car Rental operates out of 60 branches in South Africa and employs over 500 people. First Car Rental’s fleet consists of several vehicle manufacturers including Ford, Nissan, Opel, Chevrolet, Toyota, Renault, Mercedes, BMW, Fiat, Honda and Volkswagen. First Car Rental was first listed as one of the Top 500 Best Managed Companies in South Africa in 2014. The company has over 9,000 rental vehicles in use in South Africa.

## History

CMH acquired the franchise for the international vehicle rental groups National and Alamo in 1999 and restructured the companies as National Alamo within CMH. In 2008, Europcar purchased the franchise rights to the National Alamo brand in Europe, Asia and Africa. This led to CMH restructuring its car rental business in South Africa and registering the subsidiary First Car Rental.

## Partners

In Europe, First Car Rental is partnered with Sixt rent a car, which services over 100 different countries.
In August 2014, FlySafair announced First Car Rental as their official car rental partner in South Africa.

## Corporate social responsibility

First Car Rental supports The Rhino Orphanage – the world’s first NPO engaged in care and rehabilitation of baby rhino orphaned by poaching.
In 2013, First Car Rental launched their transport service for students with disabilities at the University of the Free State. and sponsored two vehicles for WetNose Animal Shelter in Pretoria.
# Party for a Non-Violent Society

The Party for a Non-Violent Society (SONOVI) is a small progressive political party in Burundi.
# Addis Ketema

Addis Ketema (Amharic: አዲስ ከተማ or ክፍለ ከተማ, meaning "new city") is a district (sub-city) of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. As of 2011 its population was 271,664.

## Geography

The district is located in the northwestern area of the city, not far from its centre. It borders with the districts of Gullele in the north, Arada in the east, Lideta in the south and Kolfe Keranio in the west. Addis Mercato, Africa's largest open-air marketplace, is in Addis Ketema.

## List of places

* Ammanuel Area
* American Gibi
* Ched Tera
* Doro Tera
* Korech Tera
* Mesob Tera
* Minalesh Tera
* Aserasement
* Autobus Tera
* Bomb Tera
* Chid Tera
* District 3
* Dubai Tera
* Ferash Tera
* Goma Tera
* Hadere Sefer
* Kolfe Tiwan
* Mentaf Tera
* Mesalemiya
* Military Tera
* Minalesh Tera
* Quasmeda
* Satin Tera
* Sebategna
* Sehan Tera
* Shanta Tera
* Shekla Tera
* Shema Tera
* Shera Tera
* Worik Tera
# The Eighth Commissioner

The Eighth Commissioner (Croatian: Osmi povjerenik) is a 2018 Croatian comedy film directed by Ivan Salaj. It was selected as the Croatian entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 91st Academy Awards, but it was not nominated.

## Plot

Based on the novel of same name by Renato Baretić, a disgraced politician is sent to a remote Croatian island to coordinate its first valid election. He hopes to succeed where the previous seven commissioners failed.

## Cast

* Frano Mašković as Siniša Mesnjak
* Borko Perić as Tonino Smeraldić
* Goran Navojec as Selim
* Filip Šovagović as Brkljačić
* Živko Anočić as Zorzi
* Božidar Smiljanić as Bonino
* Stojan Matavulj as Prime Minister
* Ivo Gregurević as Tonino's Father
# ʻAlí-Muhammad Varqá

ʻAlí-Muhammad Varqá (Persian: علي محمد ورقا;‎ 1911 – 22 September 2007) was a prominent adherent of the Baháʼí Faith. He was the longest surviving Hand of the Cause of God, an appointed position in the Baháʼí Faith whose main function is to propagate and protect the religion on the international level.
Varqá was born in 1911 in Tehran, Iran to a well-known Iranian Baháʼí family. His grandfather Mírzá ʻAlí-Muhammad Varqá, from whom he received his name, was an Apostle of Baháʼu'lláh, and his father, Valíyu'lláh Varqá, was also a Hand of the Cause.
Varqá moved to Paris and studied at the Sorbonne, where he obtained a doctorate in 1950. He then returned to Iran and taught at the universities of Tehran and Tabriz. During this time, he also served in various administrative capacities in the Baháʼí community of Iran.
After his father's death, Varqá was appointed as a Hand of the Cause by Shoghi Effendi on November 15, 1955. He served in that capacity for 52 years until his death in 2007, and was the last surviving Hand of the Cause. As part of his role, he travelled to many countries, and attended the first Baháʼí national conventions of many countries including Belgium and Central African Republic. He also served as the trustee of Huqúqu'lláh since 1955, a role which his father also held.
In 1979, he moved to Canada and later to Haifa, Israel where the Baháʼí World Centre is located. He died on 22 September 2007 in Haifa and was buried in the Baháʼí cemetery there.
# FanDuel Sports

FanDuel Sports may refer to:
* FanDuel Group, an American gambling company.
* FanDuel TV, an American sports betting-oriented digital cable and satellite television network owned by FanDuel Group.
* FanDuel Sports Network, a group of regional sports networks in the United States owned by Diamond Sports Group which FanDuel Group owns the naming rights for.
# Samjiyon tablet computer

The Samjiyon tablet computer (Korean: 판형 콤퓨터 삼지연; MR: p'anhyŏng k'omp'yut'ŏ Samjiyŏn) is a North Korean Android tablet computer developed by the Multimedia Technology Research Institute of the Korea Computer Center. It is the first North Korean tablet able to receive television broadcasts. It is named after the Samjiyon lake. Samjiyon includes a browser with a support for the North Korean Kwangmyong intranet. However, there is no Wi-Fi support.
The computers are assumed to have been built in China, and the software has been localised for North Korea.

## Applications

Some apps reported to be available include:
* e-book library (also includes those on Juche study)
* Calculator (수산기, 數算機)
* Games
** Abstract strategy games like Chosun Jang-Gi (조선장기, 朝鮮將棋): Korean janggi (a form of chess)
** Rubber Slingshot shooting (고무총쏘기; Angry Birds Rio)
** Tank Recon 3D
** Air Control
** Racing Moto
** Basketball shooting (롱구공넣기)
** Fishing Joy (고기잡이유희)
** Marbles game
* Word processor, spreadsheet editor, and slideshow apps
* Dictionary

## Language support

It supports Korean, German, Russian, English, French and Japanese inputs.
# Iranian Machine Design Competition

The Iranian Machine Design Competition (Persian: مسابقه ملی طراحی ماشین) is a national design competition for universities of Iran. This competition is held at the Sharif University of Technology, and different groups from around the country attend and compete in different categories such as conceptual, industrial, and scientific design.

## History

The national competition of Electric Automobile Design was planned, held, and opened by the efforts of the Shahid Rezaie Research Center of Sharif University of Technology. The first course was held in 2006.
# Pejman Khoubiari

javad Khoubiari' (Persian: جواد خوبیاری, born January 5, 1989) is an Iranian footballer who currently plays for Havadar football team.
# Pisa. View of the Baptisterium and the Cathedral

Pisa. View of the Baptisterium and the Cathedral (Russian: "Пиза. Вид на баптистерий и собор") is a 1863 study,—landscape painting crafted by the Russian painter Alexey Bogolyubov. The artwork captures the essence of the Pisa Baptistery and the Pisa Cathedral.
# Paul Kim Ok-kyun

Paul Kim Ok-kyun (Korean: 김옥균 바오로, December 9, 1925 – March 1, 2010) was the Roman Catholic titular bishop of Girba and the auxiliary bishop of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Seoul, South Korea.
Ordained to the priesthood on December 18, 1954, Kim Ok-kyun was appointed auxiliary bishop of the Seoul Archdiocese on March 9, 1985, and was ordained bishop on April 25, 1985, retiring on December 12, 2001.