OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# White-bellied whipbird

The white-bellied whipbird (Psophodes leucogaster), also called the Mallee whipbird, is a species of bird in the family Psophodidae. It is endemic to southern Australia. It had not been seen or heard in Victoria for 40 years until 2022 when a recording of its song was made in Big Desert Wilderness Park.

## Taxonomy

The species was formerly considered as a subspecies of Psophodes nigrogularis, so shared the common name of "western whipbird". The Clements Checklist refers to this species with the common name western whipbird (white-bellied) to distinguish it from P. nigrogularis (black-throated).
The white-bellied whipbird was described by the Australian ornithologists Frank Howe and John Ross in 1933. It was split from the black-throated whipbird (formerly the western whipbird) based on a comparison of mitochondrial DNA sequences published in 2017.
Two subspecies are recognised:
* P. l. leucogaster Howe & Ross, JA, 1933 – south central Australia
* P. l. lashmari Mason, IJ & Schodde, 1991 – Kangaroo Island
# Çeşman

Çeşman (Talysh: Çəşmon) is a village and municipality in the Lerik Rayon of Azerbaijan. It has a population of 237.
# Apache War

There are several events involving the Apache known as Apache War, the Apache Wars, or Apache Campaign:
* Apache–Mexico Wars (1600s–1915)
* Apache Wars (1849–1924)
* Jicarilla War (1849–1855)
* Chiricahua Wars (1851–1886)
* Chiricahua War (1860–1873)
* Yavapai War (1871–1875)
* Apache Campaign (1873)
* Renegade Period (1879–1924)
* Victorio's War (1879–1881)
* Geronimo's War (1881–1886)
* Apache Campaign (1889–1890)
* Apache Campaign (1896)
# Stanislav Kuzmin

Stanislav Kuzmin (Kazakh: Станислав Кузьмин; born June 24, 1986) is a Kazakh swimmer, who specialized in sprint freestyle and butterfly events. He represented his nation Kazakhstan at the 2008 Summer Olympics, and has won a career total of eight medals (four golds, two silver, and two bronze) in a major international competition, spanning two editions of the Asian Indoor Games, and the 2010 Asian Games in Guangzhou, China, as a member of the medley relay team. Kuzmin also spent his college sports career in the United States as a member of the Drury Panthers swimming and diving team under head coach Brian Reynolds, while pursuing his sports management studies at Drury University in Springfield, Missouri.
Kuzmin competed for the Kazakh swimming squad in the men's 50 m freestyle at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing. Leading up to the Games, he stormed home the field with a winning time of 23.09 to eclipse the FINA B-cut by just a fingertip of a second (0.04) at the Kazakhstan Open Championships in Almaty. Swimming in heat seven, Kuzmin dipped under the 23-second barrier to take the fifth spot in a scorching lifetime best of 22.91, but missed the semifinals with a forty-eighth overall placement from a roster of ninety-seven entrants.
At the 2010 Asian Games in Guangzhou, Kuzmin produced a magnificent freestyle anchor of 49.71 to deliver the Kazakh foursome of Stanislav Osinsky, 2004 Olympic fifth-place finalist Vladislav Polyakov, and newcomer Fedor Shkilyov a bronze-medal time in the 4 × 100 m medley relay, posting a textile best of 3:40.55.
# Abadi language

The Abadi language (also known as Kabadi and Gabadi) is an Oceanic language of Papua New Guinea. Specifically, it is located in the Central Province, in the Kairuku district populating five main villages. The language has 2,900 native speakers as of 2011. The language is used among all ages, struggling for restoration. Abadi speakers carry a positive attitude towards their language and strive for improvement.
Abadi is an Austronesian language and is classified as [kbt]. The term Abadi stems from the speakers themselves from which they refer to their language. They may use the term Gabadi from the speakers of the surrounding languages.

## Living and traditional practices

In the area of the Abadi, it seems to be evolving towards an individualistic rather than a community-minded society. Once a society of hunters and gatherers splitting everything among one another, is transforming into a community of strong family units. Each member of the community belongs to a clan and each clan in each village has a chief. Subsequently, the land is owned by the chief which is then passed down to his sons. If a chief had no sons, the land would be passed down to his daughters. The Abadi live in large houses standing at six to ten feet above the ground. The majority of houses are built with a corrugated-iron roof. Houses have acquired modern technology though some still contain walls produced from bush materials, such as bamboo.

### Naming

The Adabi name their children as soon as they are conceived. The firstborn generally takes up a name from relatives on the father's side. If there is a second child, they will be named after a relative from the mother's side. After this a child may then be presented to the community through baptism, where they are given a Christian name.

### Marriage

Traditionally, when discussing a marriage, a man would be required to be at least over 25 years of age and the woman over 20. The man would inform his parents of the woman he has chosen to marry and his parents would then converse with the woman's parents. If all parties agree, a bride price would take place before the ceremony begins. Bride prices are currently uncommon though the bride may request one.

## Phonology and orthography

Consonants
| | Labial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal |
| Plosive | p~pʰ b | t d | | k~kʰ g | ʔ |
| Nasal | m | n | | | |
| Tap | | ɾ | | | |
| Fricative | β~v | s | | | |
| Approximant | | | j | | |
* [β] and [v] are in free variation.
* [k] and [p] are in free variation with their aspirated counterparts [kʰ] and [pʰ]
Vowels
| | Front | Central | Back |
| Close | i | | u |
| Close-mid | e | (ə) | o |
| Open-mid | ɛ | | |
| Open | | ɑ | |
* [ɛ] may be in free variation with [e]
* [ə] is an allophone of [ɑ] when in between two consonants, when it is part of a diphthong, or word-finally.
The Abadi alphabet includes a, b, d, e, g, i, k, m, n, o, p, r, s, t, u, v and '. Consonants included are b, d, g, k, m, n, p, r, s, t, v and '. Vowels included are a, e, i, o, and u.

## Grammar

Abadi has subject–object–verb (SOV) word order.
# Shatov

Shatov (Russian: Шатов) is a Russian masculine surname, its feminine counterpart is Shatova. It may refer to
* Edward Shatov (born 1973), Russian Catholic priest
* Oleg Shatov (born 1990), Russian football player
* Nikolay Shatov (1909–1992), Russian weightlifter
* Panteleimon Shatov (born 1950), Russian Orthodox Bishop
# Yevgeniya Timofeeva

Yevgeniya Dmitrievna Timofeeva (Russian: Евгения Дмитриевна Тимофеева; 23 December 1911 – 13 June 1992) was a pilot in the Soviet Air Force and the first woman to fly the Pe-2. As a member of the 587th Bomber Aviation Regiment, later redesignated as the 125th Guards Bomber Aviation Regiment named after Marina Raskova, she initially served as a squadron commander but was later promoted to deputy regimental commander during the war. By the end of the war she totaled 45 sorties on the Pe-2.

## Awards

* Two Order of the Red Banner (1943 and 1945)
* Two Order of the Patriotic War (1st class - 1943; 2nd class - 1985)
* campaign and jubilee medals
# Sarih, Jalandhar

Sarinh (Punjabi: ਸਰੀਂਹ; also spelled as Sarih) is an old and noted village in the Nakodar tehsil of Jalandhar district in Punjab, India. The marriage party of the fifth Sikh guru, Guru Arjan Dev stayed here for a while on their way back home.

## Geography

Sarinh or Sarih, approximately centered at 31°08′28″N 75°33′32″E﻿ / ﻿31.14111°N 75.55889°E﻿ / 31.14111; 75.55889, is located on the Nakodar-Phagwara road. Shankar is the nearest railway station (2 km). Tahli and Shekhan Khurd are the surrounding villages.

## History

The village is a part of an event of the Sikh history as the marriage party of the fifth Sikh guru, Guru Arjan Dev, stayed here for a while on their way back home, after married to Mata Ganga Ji.
# Westreme Battery

Westreme Battery (Maltese: Batterija ta' Westreme), also known as ir-Rasus Battery (Maltese: Batterija tar-Rasus) or Mellieħa Right Battery (Maltese: Batterija tal-Lemin tal-Mellieħa), is a former artillery battery in Mellieħa, Malta. It was built by the Order of Saint John in 1715–1716 as one of a series of coastal fortifications around the Maltese Islands.
Most of the battery was destroyed over time, but the blockhouse still exists. It is now open to the public as the Tunnara Museum, a museum about tuna fishing.

## History

Westreme Battery was built in 1715 and 1716 as part of the Order of Saint John's first building program of coastal fortifications. The battery was probably named after a knight of the same name. No records with details about its construction are known. The battery was one of two batteries guarding Mellieħa Bay, the other one being the now-demolished Fedeau Battery. The area was further defended by Mellieħa Redoubt at the centre of the bay, but this no longer exists.
The battery consisted of a semi-circular gun platform, with its eastern face having a parapet with five embrasures. There was no parapet around the rest of the platform. This arrangement was similar to the one at the nearby Mistra Battery, but on a larger scale. The battery also had a single blockhouse, placed diagonally along the land front so that its two outer faces functioned as a redan, similar to Saint Mary's Battery. The blockhouse, which was pierced with musketry loopholes, was one of the largest blockhouses in any of the coastal batteries in Malta. These features put together made the battery unique, unlike any other in the Maltese islands.
In 1748, Grand Master Pinto inaugurated the tunnara, a traditional Maltese tuna fishing method, at Westreme Battery. Over the years, the battery's military importance was diminished, and it was used as a store for fishing nets and other equipment used in the tunnara.
During the French invasion of Malta of 1798, Westreme Battery was the first battery to be overrun by the invading forces.
In World War II, the blockhouse was converted into a beach post. Rectangular machine gun portholes were cut into the corners of the building. Another concrete beach post and a searchlight emplacement were also built near the blockhouse. After the war, the blockhouse was again used in the tunnara.

## Present day

Today, the semi-circular gun platform and the parapet of the battery no longer exist, although some parts of the rock hewn base can still be seen. The blockhouse is still intact, and is open to the public as the Tunnara Museum. Its exhibits relate mainly to Maltese traditional tuna fishing.
The blockhouse was restored in 2007 and 2008. Further restoration works began in 2015. A full renovation project was announced in October 2019, which will take place with a majority of EU funds allocation.
# Konaru

Konaru or Kenaru (Persian: كنارو), also rendered as Konowru, may refer to:
* Kenaru, Hormozgan
* Konaru, Hormozgan
* Konaru, Kerman
* Konaru, Shahdad, Kerman County, Kerman Province
* Konaru, Jiroft, Kerman Province
# Clackriach Castle

Clackriach Castle was a 16th-century tower house, about 11 miles (18 km) north of Ellon, Aberdeenshire, Scotland, and 1 mile (1.6 km) south-east of Maud, south of the South Ugie Water.
Alternative names are Glackriach Castle and Clachraich Castle.

## History

The property belonged to the Keiths.

## Structure

Only the north-east angle Clackriach Castle remains, about 7.0 metres (23.0 ft) high. The north wall, which includes part of a window, is about 2.7 metres (8 ft 10 in) long. In the inside angle are remains of a staircase. The walls are roughly coursed with rubble infilling, lime mortared.
The castle was on a slight eminence. It was an oblong building with a projecting wing; there was a turreted staircase, and arched doorway and window, evidence of which remained up to the 19th century.

## Vicinity

The disused Mill of Clackriach dates to around 1827. As of 1990, its brick kiln was partly fallen in. Nearby Mill House is of similar age.
Windhill Farm, from the 18th century, sits high on the slopes of the Hill of Dens. It is "a crouching farmhouse with coped chimneys and large granite skew putts with a large porch, c. 1800, and pantiled steading".
# Markham languages

The Markham languages form a family of the Huon Gulf languages. It consists of a dozen languages spoken in the Ramu Valley, Markham Valley and associated valley systems in the lowlands of the Madang and Morobe Provinces of Papua New Guinea. Unlike almost other Western Oceanic languages of New Guinea, which are spoken exclusively in coastal areas, many Markham languages are spoken in the mountainous interior of Morobe Province, Papua New Guinea, where they are in heavy contact with Trans-New Guinea languages.
Although the Markham languages are Austronesian, they have had much contact with neighboring Papuan languages.
A phonological reconstruction of Proto-Markham is presented in Holzknecht (1989) and is summarized below.

## Languages

Labu (= Hapa)

### Lower Markham

    Aribwaung (= Aribwaungg, Yalu), Aribwatsa$^†$ (= Lae, Lahe), Musom, Nafi (= Sirak), Duwet (= Guwot, Waing), Wampar, Silisili (Middle Watut), Maralango (South Watut), Dangal (South Watut)

### Upper Markham

    Adzera (dialect cluster: Sarasira, Sukurum), Mari, Wampur

## Proto-Markham

Proto-Markham was reconstructed by Susanne Holzknecht in 1989 in her paper The Markham Languages of Papua New Guinea. It descends from Proto-Huon Gulf on the basis of shared phonological, morphosyntactic and lexicosemantic innovations, such as the merger of Proto-Huon Gulf *t, *r, and *R as Proto-Markham *r, the accretion of *ka- into focal pronoun bases (Proto-Oceanic *kamu "you" > Proto-Markham *ka-gam "id."), and the replacement of Proto-Oceanic *qacan "name" by Proto-Markham *biŋa "id.", among many others.

### Vowels

The vowels of Proto-Markham, according to Holzknecht, are:
Vowels :
| | Front | Central | Back |
| Close | *i | | *u |
| Close-mid | *e | | *o |
| Open | | *a | |

### Consonants

The consonants of Proto-Markham, according to Holzknecht, are:
    Consonants Labiovelar Bilabial Alveolar Palatal Velar Stop voiced *b *d *ɟ *g voiceless *kʷ *p *t *c *k Nasal *mʷ *m, *ᵐb *n, *ⁿd *ᶮɟ *ŋ, *ᵑɡ Fricative *f *s Approximant *w *l, *r
# South Huon Gulf languages

The South Huon Gulf languages are a linkage of the Huon Gulf languages of Papua New Guinea.

## Components

* Iwal (Kaiwa)
* Hote, Yamap
* Buang linkage: Mapos Buang, Mangga Buang, Piu, Kapin, Vehes, Mumeng (Dambi–Kumalu, Gorakor–Patep–Zenag)
The varieties of the Mumeng dialect chain are partially mutually intelligible.
# Dondo language (Austronesian)

Dondo is a Celebic language of Sulawesi in Indonesia. It is not clear how distinct it is from Tomini. It is spoken along the western coast of the "neck" of Sulawesi.
# Mike Owusu (footballer, born 1995)

Mike Owusu (born 20 May 1995) is a German-Ghanaian footballer who plays as a forward for 1. FC Düren.
# Babak Razi

Babak Razi (born June 2, 1981) is an Iranian footballer who plays for Pas Hamedan in the Azadegan League.

## Club career

In 2008, Razi Joined Zob Ahan F.C. after spending the previous season at Shirin Faraz F.C.

### Club career statistics

Last Update 1 June 2010
| Club performance | Club performance | Club performance | League | League | Cup | Cup | Continental | Continental | Total | Total |
| Season | Club | League | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Iran | Iran | Iran | League | League | Hazfi Cup | Hazfi Cup | Asia | Asia | Total | Total |
| 2005–06 | Shamoushak | Persian Gulf Cup | 17 | 0 | | | - | - | | |
| 2006–07 | Shamoushak | Azadegan League | | | | | - | - | | |
| 2007–08 | Shirin Faraz | Persian Gulf Cup | 17 | 3 | | | - | - | | |
| 2008–09 | Zob Ahan | Persian Gulf Cup | 16 | 0 | | | - | - | | |
| 2009–10 | Zob Ahan | Persian Gulf Cup | 12 | 0 | | | 0 | 0 | | |
| 2010–11 | Nassaji | Azadegan League | | | | | - | - | | |
| 2011–12 | Pas Hamedan | Azadegan League | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | - | - | 0 | 0 |
| Total | Iran | Iran | | | | | 0 | 0 | | |
| Total | Career total | Career total | Career total | | | | 0 | 0 | | |
* Assist Goals
| Season | Team | Assists |
| 09–10 | Zob Ahan | 0 |
# Mamo Tower

Mamo Tower (Maltese: Torri Mamo), also known as San Tommaso Tower (Maltese: Torri Ta' Mamu), is a fortified residence in Marsaskala, Malta. It was built by the Mamo family in 1657 on rising ground above St Thomas Bay on the east shore of Malta.

## History

Mamo Tower was built in 1657 as a fortified residence for the Mamo family, who owned land in the area. It was started by Gregorio Mamo but was finished by his son Giorgio, both of whom were professional builders who were also responsible for the construction of a number of the Order of Saint John's fortifications in Malta.
The tower's shape is a St. Andrew's Cross with sixteen sides. The hall in the centre of the tower is bombproof, while the upper floor was left unfinished. The whole tower is surrounded by a 2 metre deep dry ditch, and while this was being excavated a Phoenician or Roman tomb was discovered. The tower does not have musketry loopholes, vision slits or other defensive features, but it was strong enough to protect the Mamo family and up to 80 farmers from the surrounding fields in a short raid by Barbary corsairs who landed at St Thomas Bay.
Mamo tower was integrated into the Order's coastal defence system (along with Wignacourt, Lascaris and De Redin towers) and contemporary paintings show it flying the Order's flag.
About 50 metres away from the tower, the Mamo family also built a small chapel dedicated to Saint Cajetan. The chapel was built in the same year as the tower.
Over the years the tower had many different owners. It was eventually inherited by Lord Strickland, who later sold it. The tower was included on the Antiquities List of 1925.
With the beginning of World War II, the British military requisitioned the tower in 1940 and used it as a Regional Headquarters. In support of this role, they constructed a pillbox on the roof. Machine gun emplacements were also built on the roof.
The tower was eventually leased to a family from Żejtun and was used as a private house until 1987, when the poor condition of the building rendered it unsuitable for habitation.

## Present day

The tower was subsequently acquired by Din l-Art Ħelwa, the National Trust of Malta, who restored it between 1994 and 1995. During the restoration, the pillbox was removed.
The tower has been open to the public since 2003. It is now open on Thursdays, Fridays, Saturdays and Sundays. It is also occasionally used for re-enactments.
# Philip Jarrett

Philip M. Jarrett is an English author and aviation historian. In 1971, he was the assistant editor of Aerospace, a periodical published by the Royal Aeronautical Society. From 1973 to 1980, he was the assistant editor of Aeroplane Monthly. From 1980 to 1989, he worked for Flight International, initially as the chief sub-editor, and then as production editor. Since 1990, he has been a freelance author, editor, and consultant.
In 2014, he was made an Honorary Companion of the Royal Aeronautical Society, in recognition of his work as an aviation historian.

## Publications
### As author

* — (1987). Another Icarus : Percy Pilcher and the quest for flight. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press. ISBN 087474556X.
* — (1992). Flight souvenir guide. London: Science Museum. ISBN 0901805548.
* — (2000). Ultimate aircraft. London: Dorling Kindersley. ISBN 0751307106.
* — (2000). Percy Pilcher and the challenge of flight. Edinburgh, UK: National Museums of Scotland. ISBN 1901663566.
* — (2007). The colour encyclopedia of incredible aeroplanes. London: Dorling Kindersley. ISBN 9781405335980.
* — (2007). Trials, troubles and triplanes : Alliott Verdon Roe's fight to fly. Ringshall, Suffolk: Ad Hoc Publications. ISBN 9780946958658.
* — (2009). Fairey IIIF : interwar military workhorse. Ringshall, Suffolk: Ad Hoc Publications. ISBN 9780946958726.
* — (2011). Frank McClean : godfather to British naval aviation. Barnsley, South Yorkshore: Seaforth. ISBN 9781848321090.
* — (2015). The Royal Naval Air Service in the First World War : aircraft and events as recorded in official documents. Barnsley, South Yorkshire: Pen & Sword Aviation. ISBN 9781473828193.
* — (2015). Sopwith Dove : a sporting biplane with fighter forebears. Kent, UK: Air-Britain Publishing. ISBN 9780851304786.
* — (2021). Philip Jarrett's book of aeronautical nonsense. Horsham, West Sussex: The Aviation Historian.

### As co-author

* Sturtivant, Ray; Page, Gordon; Halley, James J. & — (2020). Bristol Fighter : Frank Barnwell's ubiquitous multirole masterpiece. Tonbridge, Kent: Air-Britain. ISBN 9780851305363.

### As editor

* —, ed. (1997). Aircraft of the Second World War : the development of the warplane 1939-45 (Putnam's History of Aircraft). London: Putnam Aeronautical Books. ISBN 9780851778754.
* —, ed. (1997). Biplane to monoplane: aircraft development 1919-39 (Putnam's History of Aircraft). London: Putnam Aeronautical Books. ISBN 0851778747.
* —, ed. (2000). Modern air transport : worldwide air transport from 1945 to the present (Putnam's History of Aircraft). London: Putnam Aeronautical Books. ISBN 9780851778778.
* —, ed. (2000). The modern war machine : military aviation since 1945 (Putnam's History of Aircraft). London: Putnam Aeronautical Books. ISBN 9780851778808.
* —, ed. (2002). Faster, further, higher : leading-edge aviation technology since 1945 (Putnam's History of Aircraft). London: Putnam Aeronautical Books. ISBN 9780851778761.
* —, ed. (2002). Pioneer aircraft : early aviation to 1914 (Putnam's History of Aircraft). London: Putnam Aeronautical Books. ISBN 9780851778693.
# Lee Soung-yong

Lee Soung-Yong (born 16 January 1988) is a South Korean footballer.