OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Rhys Morgan (rugby union)

Gerwyn Rhys Morgan (9 June 1954 – August 2021) was a Wales international rugby union player. He played his club rugby for Newport and captained the team during the 1987–88 season.

## Rugby career

Morgan was born in Southerndown, Bridgend. He first played rugby as a schoolboy and represented Caerleon Comprehensive. As a youth he played for both Newport College of Education and Caerleon R.F.C. before being selected for first class Welsh team, Newport RFC. A product of the Newport Youth system he captained the Youth XV before moving into the senior team in the 1974/75 season. He made an impressive start, putting over 28 penalties, 17 conversions and two tries, finishing the season as the club's top scorer with 126 points. Over the years Morgan gradually relinquished his kicking role to concentrate on his scrummaging duties.
Morgan was selected for invitational touring side, the Barbarians, and also faced two international sides for Newport, the New Zealand All Blacks in 1980 and Fiji in 1985. In 1984 he was selected for his one and only international cap, when he was chosen as a late replacement for the Wales team, to face Scotland as part of the 1984 Five Nations Championship, played at Cardiff Arms Park. Wales lost 9–15.
Morgan was given the captaincy of the Newport senior team for the 1987–88 season and remained at the club until his retirement in 1990. He appeared in three WRU Challenge Cup finals, in 1977, 1978 and 1986. He played in 520 games for Newport, a club record that stood until beaten by David Waters.
# Stoer

Stoer (Scottish Gaelic: An Stòr) is a crofting township in the parish of Assynt, Sutherland, in the Highlands of Scotland and in the council area of Highland. It is located about five miles north of the village of Lochinver.
Norman McLeod, a presbyterian minister who led a group of emigrants to Nova Scotia and New Zealand, came from Stoer.
The Old Man of Stoer, a sea stack, and the lighthouse on Stoer Head are directly accessible from Stoer, being less than 4 miles north/north west of the village.
Rev Farquhar Matheson, minister of the parish from 1920, served as Moderator of the General Assembly of the Free Church of Scotland in 1939.
# Beryozovaya Roshcha

Beryozovaya Roshcha (Russian: Берёзовая Роща) is a rural locality (a village) in the Vygonichsky District, Bryansk Oblast, Russia. The population was 32 as of 2010. There is 1 street.

## Geography

Beryozovaya Roshcha is located 33 km south of Vygonichi (the district's administrative centre) by road. Desnyansky is the nearest rural locality.
# Lithuanian Space Science and Technology Institute

Lithuanian Space Science and Technology Institute (Lithuanian: Kosmoso mokslo ir technologijų institutas) is private research organization established by the Lithuanian Space Association in 2010, based in Vilnius, Lithuania.
In 2013 LSSTI was one of the creators of one of the first two scientific nano-satellites in Lithuania, which were intended both for scientific tasks, technologies demonstrations, educational purposes and popularization of science. The satellite was successfully launched in 2014.
LSSTI is a member of Neva Consortium.
# James Fitzedmund Fitzgerald

John Fitzedmund Fitzgerald (died 1589) was the hereditary Seneschal of Imokilly, an Irish nobleman of the Welsh-Norman FitzGerald dynasty in the province of Munster, who rebelled against the crown during the reign of Queen Elizabeth I of England.
Fitzgerald was the son of Edmund Fitzmaurice Riskald and Shylie, daughter of Sir Maolrony McShane O'Carroll, lord of Ely O'Carroll in Éile), and the family's territory was in modern County Cork.

## First Desmond Rebellion

During the first of the Desmond Rebellions in 1569, Fitzgerald was besieged in Ballymartyr by the lord deputy of Ireland, Sir Henry Sidney, and having taken casualties he fled with his company through a bog which was hard by the walls of the town. He held out with his fellow rebel, James Fitzmaurice Fitzgerald in the woods of Aherlow till February 1573, when he submitted with Fitzmaurice to the President of Munster, Sir John Perrot, and was granted his pardon in the church of Kilmallock. In March 1575 he accompanied Fitzmaurice and the White Knight, Edmund Fitzgibbon, on the La Arganys to St Malo Brittany, where they were received by the governor; he returned in July of the same year. On 16 November 1576 he complained to Lord Justice Sir William Drury that Gerald Fitzgerald, 15th Earl of Desmond, was coshering 60 horse and 100 horseboys on his territory.

## Second Desmond Rebellion

On Fitzmaurice's landing in July 1579 at the start of the Second Desmond Rebellion, Fitzgerald went into rebellion instantly. After Fitzmaurice's untimely death he, rather than Desmond, became the real leader of the rebellion, receiving the brunt of the crown's offensive under the command of Sir Thomas Butler, 3rd Earl of Ormonde. It was often reported that he had been killed, but he survived many engagements, despite a severe wound and the death of his brother. In February 1581 he almost captured Sir Walter Raleigh. In May 1583, as the rebellion petered out, his mother was executed by Ormond. On 14 June he submitted on conditions, having only 24 sword and 4 horse left at his command. Ormond respected his bravery and pleaded with the queen's secretary, Sir William Cecil, for his pardon. His lands became a serious controversy in the subsequent plantation of Munster, and he was considered a main route for Spanish intelligence. In March 1587 he was arrested by Sir Thomas Norris and confined in Dublin Castle, where he died in February 1589, a few days after it had been decided that he should enjoy the profit of his lands.

## Legacy

Fitzgerald married Honora Fitzmaurice, who bore him male twins in about 1589, and two daughters. His heir was granted in wardship, at the age of one and a half years, to one Captain Moyle.
# Alexander Column (Rostov-on-Don)

The Alexander Column (Russian: Александровская колонна) is a monument erected 1894 in Nakhichevan-on-Don (now a part of Rostov-on-Don, Rostov Oblast, Russia) in Alexandrovsky Park (now Vitya Cherevichkin Park).
The column was inaugurated on 18 September 1894 to celebrate the 25 years reign of emperor Alexander II of Russia. On the occasion the park in which the column stands was also renamed after the sovereign.
The column consists of a granite monolith upon which sits a double-headed eagle perched on a globe. On the pedestal two commemorative plaques read: "In memory of 25 glorious year of reign of Emperor Alexander II" and "the Armenian community of Nakhichevan-on-Don 25·IX·1894".
After the Russian Revolution, the column was the only tsarist monument not to be torn down by the new authorities. They only removed the crowning double-headed eagle and the commemorative plaques on the pedestal. In 1994, the column was returned to its original state.
* Alexander column in 1907.
* Imperial eagle.
* Pedestal decoration.
* General view.
# Asia (economic newspaper)

Asia News (Persian: روزنامه اقتصادی آسیا) is a non-governmental Iranian economic news website and newspaper.

## Seizure of Asia news

Asia was established in 2001 by Iraj Jamshidi. In twenty years of activity, the newspaper was closed twice due to non-compliance with government laws. The newspaper is now in its third edition.
# Tuhfat al-Iraqayn

Tuḥfat al-ʿIrāqayn (Arabic: تحفه العراقین “Gift of the Two Iraqs”), also known as Khatm al-gharāʾib (ختم الغرائب "Seal of Curiosity") is one of greatest works of the Persian poet Khaqani. After court intrigues, Khaqani set out on the Hajj to Mecca in 1156/57 CE, after which he composed this work. It consists of five parts and is essentially a description of the poet's travels. Its final version dates from 552/1157. Its name refers to the two traditional regions of Iraq, Upper Mesopotamia (al-Jazīra) and Lower Mesopotamia ("the Sawad)
Tuḥfat al-ʿIrāqayn is the only masnavi (long poem in rhyming couplets) written by this poet.
# Karakoin

Karakoin (Kazakh: Қарақойын; Russian: Каракоин) is a salt lake in Ulytau District, Ulytau Region, Kazakhstan.
It is the largest lake in the district. The area around Karakoin is sparsely inhabited. The lake basin is a seasonal grazing ground for local cattle.

## Geography

Karakoin is an endorheic lake in the Sarysu basin. It is located in an arid zone at the northern edge of the Betpak-Dala. The western lakeshore is nearly straight and rises abruptly from the lake surface, while the eastern is low, marshy and deeply indented. There are some small islands close to the eastern lakeshore.
The lake fills during the spring thaw, with intermittent rivers Katagansay and Taldyespe flowing into it and bringing the lake to reach a surface of 80 square kilometers (31 sq mi) to 90 square kilometers (35 sq mi) in years of abundant snowfall. Usually it almost dries completely in the summer. The bottom of the lake is flat and muddy. The mud is reputed to have medicinal properties.
# Hans Landis

Hans Landis (c. 1568 – 30 September 1614) was a Swiss Anabaptist leader and martyr. Known for his steadfast faith and leadership among the Mennonites, Landis's execution marked a significant moment in the history of Anabaptist persecution.

## Early life

Hans Landis was born around 1568 in Hirzel, near Zürich, Switzerland. Little is known about his early life, but he emerged as a prominent figure within the Anabaptist community, which faced severe persecution from both Protestant and Catholic authorities. The Anabaptists, part of the Radical Reformation, rejected infant baptism, insisting that baptism should only be performed on consenting adults.

## Leadership and persecution

By the late 16th century, Landis had become a recognized leader among the Mennonites in the Zürich area. His leadership role and outspoken faith drew the ire of local authorities. The Swiss authorities, particularly in Zürich, were determined to eradicate Anabaptism, viewing it as a threat to both religious and social order.
In 1613, Landis was arrested and sentenced to life imprisonment. However, he managed to escape and continued his ministry secretly, which increased his followers' admiration and loyalty. His defiance and continued activities led to his re-arrest in 1614.
Landis was offered the opportunity to emigrate as an alternative to harsher punishment. He refused, asserting that "the earth is the Lord’s" and that no earthly authority had the right to expel him from land that ultimately belonged to God. This belief was based on the biblical passage Psalm 24:1, which underscores God's sovereignty over all creation. Landis argued that, as a follower of the Lord, he had a divine right to remain in his homeland. He repeatedly expressed this conviction before his execution on September 30, 1614, making it a central aspect of his theological and political resistance to the authorities.

## Martyrdom

Hans Landis was sentenced to death and executed by beheading on 30 September 1614. His execution took place in Zürich, making him one of the last Anabaptist martyrs in the region. Landis’s martyrdom is remembered for his unwavering commitment to his faith and his community in the face of severe persecution.

## Legacy

Hans Landis's death had a profound impact on the Anabaptist community. It exemplified the extreme measures taken by authorities to suppress religious dissent and highlighted the resilience of the Anabaptist faith. His legacy is preserved through various historical accounts and Mennonite traditions. A marker is also found at the location of his execution.
# Fazel Baig

Fazel Baig (Persian: فاضل‌بیگ) is a neighborhood in Kabul city's west. It is a populated area of the city which lies beside the Kabul-Kandahar highway.
# Polevoy (surname)

Polevoy (Russian: Полево́й; also transcribed Polevoi) is a Russian and Ukrainian surname. The female form may be written as Polevaya, or, in Ukrainian, Poleva.
Notable persons:
* Boris Nikolaevich Polevoy (1908–1981), Soviet writer
* Boris Petrovich Polevoy (1918–2002), Soviet and Russian historian
* Victoria Poleva (born 1962), Ukrainian composer
* Nikolai Polevoy (1796–1846), Russian editor, writer, and historian
# Air Gallantry Cross

The Vietnam Air Gallantry Cross (Vietnamese: Phi-Dũng Bội-Tinh) was a military decoration of South Vietnam which was issued during the years of the Vietnam War. The Air Gallantry Cross was awarded for meritorious or heroic conduct while engaged in aerial combat. The decoration was comparable to the United States decoration of the Air Medal.
The Air Gallantry Cross was occasionally awarded to members of foreign militaries, but only if an air combat action was performed which directly benefitted Vietnamese war efforts. Pilots of the United States Air Force were often awarded the Air Gallantry Cross.
Separate decorations, known as the Vietnam Gallantry Cross and Vietnam Navy Gallantry Cross, were also issued for general service and naval achievement. These were separate awards from the Vietnam Air Gallantry Cross which came in three different grades: with gold wings, silver wings, and bronze wings.

## Recipients

* Daniel Brandenstein
* Robin Olds
* George B. Simler
# Fazlić

Fazlić is a Bosnian patronymic surname formed by adding the Slavic diminutive suffix -ić to the masculine given name of Arabic origin Fazli (Arabic: فَضْليّ, derived from the adjective فضيل = excellent, virtuous, deserving) and may refer to:
* Dino Fazlic (born 1991), German footballer
* Husnija Fazlić (1943–2022), Yugoslav former footballer
* Jasmin Fazlić Jala (born 1986), Bosnian rapper
* Jasna Fazlić (born 1970), former Bosnian-American table tennis player
* Kemal Fazlić (born 1995), Bosnian handball player
* Miralem Fazlić (born 1947), Bosnian former footballer
* Salih Fazlić (born 1975), Bosnian volleyball player
* Šuhret Fazlić (born 1961), Bosnian politician
# Khaled Megawer

Major General Khaled Megawer (Arabic: خالد مجاور) is the current Director of the Egyptian Military Intelligence and Reconnaissance Administration. He was appointed in December 2018. He also assumed the position of Assistant Minister of Defense of Egypt for Foreign Affairs.

## Career

Kamel served as the Egyptian Military Attaché at the Egyptian embassy in the United States in Washington. He then returned to Egypt to serve as the chief of staff of the Second Field Army. He assumed formal command of the Second Army in May 2017.
After transferring to the Military Intelligence Administration, he was promoted to the deputy director position under Major General Muhammad Farag El-Shahat in September 2018, he then was promoted to the Director position in December later that year.
# Kalmukhanbet Kassymov

Kalmukhambet Nurmukhanbetuly Kassymov (Kazakh: Қалмұханбет Нұрмұханбетұлы Қасымов, Qalmūhanbet Nūrmūhanbetūly Qasymov; born 18 May 1957) is a Kazakh politician who served as the head of the State Security Service from January 2020 until his dismissal in July 2021, likely due to the scandals revolving the Pegasus Project. Prior to that, Kassymov was the secretary of Security Council of Kazakhstan from February 2019 to January 2020 and the Minister of Internal Affairs from 2011 to 2019.

## Biography
### Early life and education

Kassymov was born in 1957 in the village of Dmitrievka of Almaty Region. In 1979, he graduated from the law faculty of the Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, specializing in law.

### Career

From 1979, he served as an investigator, senior investigator, head of the Investigative Department, deputy head of the Department of Internal Affairs of the Ili District. In 1988, he became the deputy head of the Public Order Protection Department of the Internal Affairs Directorate of the Almaty Region. From 1989 to 1992, Kassymov served as the head of the Department of Internal Affairs of Kapchagai.
From 1992, Kassymov was the head of the Criminal Police Department, first deputy head of the Internal Affairs Directorate of the Almaty Region. From March to July 1997, he served as the head of the Criminal Police Department of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Kazakhstan. In 1997, Kassymov became the head of the Main Department of Internal Affairs of Almaty and in 2003, as the head of the Main Directorate of Internal Affairs, Department of Internal Affairs of the Almaty Region.
In June 2005, Kassymov was appointed as the Vice Minister of Internal Affairs. He served that position until he became the head of the Department of Internal Affairs of the East Kazakhstan Region in September 2009.
On 11 April 2011, Kassymov was appointed as the Minister of Internal Affairs. While serving that post, he was awarded the rank of Police Lieutenant General on 14 December 2011. On 6 May 2015, he earned rank of Colonel-General of Police.
On 12 February 2019, he was appointed as the secretary of the Security Council of Kazakhstan. On 16 January 2020, Kassymov became the head of the State Security Service. From there, he worked in the post before being relieved from his post on 30 July 2021, in which has been possibly linked to the Pegasus Project, where several Kazakh officials were targeted through surveillance by the software.
# Chaqabol (disambiguation)

Chaqabol (Persian: چقابل) is a city in Lorestan Province, Iran.
Chaqabol or Chaqabal (Persian: چقابل) may also refer to:
* Chaqabol, Borujerd, a village in Borujerd County, Lorestan Province, Iran
* Chaqabal, Khorramabad, a village in Khorramabad County, Lorestan Province, Iran
* Cheyabel, a village in Khorramabad County, Lorestan Province, Iran
* Chaqabol, Selseleh, a village in Selseleh County, Lorestan Province, Iran
# Bukuroshja e Fjetur Cave

The Bukuroshja e Fjetur Cave (Albanian: Shpella e Bukuroshes së Fjetur) or Radac Cave (Albanian: Shpella e Radacit), also known as Sleeping Beauty Cave, is a cave located in the village of Radac, Peja, Kosovo. Around 11 kilometers from the town of Peja, the cave is found to the left of the Peja-Rozaje Road in the Accursed Mountains.

## Overview

The Bukuroshja e Fjetur Cave was first discovered in 1968. Archaeologists are currently examining Neolithic human remains, dating back six thousand years, discovered within the cave. Alongside these findings, a bullet from World War I and a man's pipe from the same era were also uncovered. Local stories suggest the potential presence of evidence related to World War II soldiers in the cave.
# Max Barry

Max Barry (born 18 March 1973) is an Australian author. He also maintains a blog on various topics, including politics. When he published his first novel, Syrup, he spelled his name "Maxx", but subsequently has used "Max".
Barry is also the creator of NationStates, an online game created to help advertise Jennifer Government that eventually evolved into its own online community. He is the owner of the website "Tales of Corporate Oppression". He lives in Melbourne with his wife and daughters and worked as a marketer for Hewlett-Packard before he became a novelist. He also has his own website, maxbarry.com
In early 2004 Barry converted his web site to a blog and began regularly posting to it. In the November 2004 issue of the magazine Fast Company the novel Company was ranked at number 8 on a list of the top 100 "people, ideas, and trends that will change how we work and live in 2005". Barry wrote the screenplay for Syrup, which was released in theatres on 7 June 2013. Universal Pictures has acquired screen rights to Company, which will be adapted by Steve Pink. Jennifer Government was optioned by Steven Soderbergh and George Clooney's now defunct Section Eight Productions. His book, Machine Man, initially was an online serial, but has since been updated and published in 2011 by Vintage Books. The film rights have been picked up by Mandalay Pictures.
# Vargach

Vargach (Persian: ورگچ) may refer to:
* Vargach, Ilam
* Vargach, Kermanshah
# Żejtun dialect

One of the dialects of the Maltese language is the Żejtun dialect (Standard Maltese: Djalett taż-Żejtun or Żejtuni; Żejtun Maltese: Żejtewni). This dialect is used by many of the inhabitants of Żejtun and in other settlements around this city such as Marsaxlokk, and spoken by about 12,000 people.
The following three words are examples; there are many more that make it into the list of vocabulary found in this dialect.
* For 'kite' the Standard Maltese word is tajra, but in this dialect it is found as manuċċa.
* For 'foggy weather' the Standard Maltese word is ċpar, but in this dialect it is found as ċlambu.
* For 'slingshot' the Standard Maltese word is żbandola, but in this dialect it is found as steringa.
All the vocal letters in this dialect possess a liquid versatility which allows the position, emphasis and tone of the vowels to change without any distinct rule; in some words the consonant letters are found to change as well. Such variations in the dialect are innate to native speakers.

## Phonology
### The vowel A

The vowel a in the Żejtun dialect changes into /u/ or /e/. For example:
| English | Maltese | Żejtun dialect |
| newspaper | gazzetta | gezzette |
| meat | laħam | leħem |
| fat | xaħam | xeħem |
| coal | faħam | feħem |
| water | ilma | ilme |
| burner | spiritiera | spiritiere |
| home | dar | dur |
This change happens to roughly all of the words that end in the vowel a, but when the syllable structure does not allow the vowel a to change into e, such as in the Maltese equivalent of potato, i.e. patata, a different vowel has to be used to elongate the syllable. Here, the word does not become petete but changes into û, becoming patûta.

### The vowel E

The vowel e changes into the vowels /a/ or also /i/. For example:
| English | Maltese | Żejtun dialect |
| wild | selvaġġ | salvaġġ |
| seriousness | serjetà | sirjitu |
| seminary | seminarju | siminurju |
| when | meta | mite |

### The vowel O

The vowel o in this dialect changes into u, however it demands an element of phonetical emphasis to differentiate this changed u from the previous one. In philology such emphasis requires an accent, hence it is notated as ù. Example:
| English | Maltese | Żejtun dialect |
| school | skola | skùla |
| wheel | rota | rùta |
| pan | borma | bùrma |
| sack | xkora | xkùra |
| corner | rokna | rùkna |
| roll | romblu | rùmblu |
This change occurs in many other words that have o as their first vowel.

### The vowel U

When the last vowel of the word is u, it changes into the diphthong /ow/. Sometimes the u is changed into ew. Example:
| English | Maltese | Żejtun dialect |
| ship | vapur | vapowr |
| Mr. | sinjur | sinjowr |
| stick | bastun | bastown |
| vase | vażun | vażown |
| money | flus | flews |
| fish | ħut | ħewt |
| shop | ħanut | ħenewt |