OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Sonia Cornwall

Sonia Evelyn Drew Cornwall (née Cowan, 1919 – 2006) was a Canadian painter and rancher. She is in the British Columbia Cowboy Hall of Fame.

## Biography

Cornwall was born in Kamloops in 1919, the daughter of Charles and Vivian Cowan. Cornwall's mother, Vivian, had artistic leanings studying at the Banff School of Fine Arts and making friends with A.Y. Jackson.
After the death of her father in 1939, Cornwall, along with her mother and sister, became involved in the operation of the two family ranches, the Onward Ranch and the 150 Mile Ranch.
The Onward Ranch was a destination for a variety of Canadian artists Including A.Y. Jackson, Joseph Plaskett, Herbert Siebner, and Takao Tanabe.
In 1945, Vivian and Sonia along with Jackson created the Cariboo Art Society.
In 1946, at the age of 27 Cornwall enrolled at the Provincial Institute of Technology in Calgary, but dropped out after three months. She continued painting, learning techniques from books and radio programs.
In 1947 she married Hugh Cornwall, a fellow rancher. Together they worked on the family's two ranches. They eventually sold both ranches, retaining 2,500 acres that became the Jones Lake Ranch.
Cornwall's painting reflect her surroundings and life. Her subject matter includes Cariboo landscapes and ranch life as well as First Nations subjects.
In 1981 Cornwall co-founded the Station House Gallery which is located in the renovated BCR Station House in Williams Lake, B.C.
Cornwall died in 2006.
# Eugénie Servières

Eugénie Honorée Marguerite Servières, née Charen (1786 – 20 March 1855) was a French painter in the Troubadour style. She specialized in genre period paintings.

## Biography

In 1807 she married the playwright Joseph Servières. She trained with her stepfather, Guillaume Guillon-Lethière, Director of the French Academy in Rome.
Beginning in 1808, she exhibited her paintings, on a wide variety of subjects, in several venues. In 1808 and 1817, The Paris Salon awarded her medals. In 1825, she displayed two works at the Salon in Lille.
Her paintings include Hagar in the Desert, Lancelot and Genevieve, Louis XIII and Mlle. de Lafayette, Alain Chartier and Marguerite d'Écosse, Valentine de Milan, Desdemona Singing the Romance of the Willow, and Blanche de Castille Delivering the Prisoners of Châtenay.
Her Mathilde converts Malek-Adhel to Christianity (1812, from a novel about the Crusades by Sophie Cottin) was purchased by the Empress Marie Louise for her personal collection, while the evocative Inez de Castro and her Children at the feet of the King of Portugal is preserved at the Trianon Palace at Versailles, near Paris.
Most of her works were personally commissioned, and very few are in museums. She had several students.

## Selected paintings

* Young Woman on a Balcony (1812)
* Inez de Castro and her Children at the feet of the King of Portugal (1822)
* Geneviève and Lancelot at the Tombs of Tristan and Isolde (c. 1814)
* Louis XIII of France and Madame de La Fayette (1817)
* Sophie Guesnon de Bonneuil (1770-1866), wife of Antoine-Vincent Arnault (1806)
# Sturla Jónsson

Sturla Jónsson, formerly known as the Progress Party (Icelandic: Framfaraflokkurinn), was an Icelandic political party. The party was known as the Progress Party from its founding on 17 December 2008 to 5 April 2013 when it was renamed after its founder.
The chairman of the party was Sturla Jónsson, teamster and protester, who is today most commonly known for his participation in a documentary movie about the Icelandic financial crisis in 2009. The political ideology of the party is currently unknown. It was officially founded on 17 December 2008, and in early 2009 it managed to collect more than 300 signatures for the purpose of running in the April 2009 parliamentary election. The party was granted the election letter A, but then subsequently failed to recruit enough candidates to actually represent the party and participate in the election. So it was never approved to participate, despite having applied with sufficient signatures.
In January 2013, it was rumoured by several Icelandic websites that the party was planning to contest the April 2013 parliamentary election. On 23 February, the party announced it had indeed now collected the minimum of 300 signatures, and applied to participate in the election with list letter K. The party received list letter K from the Ministry of Interior on 8 March 2013, and then established its election campaign centre in Sturla's old workshop with the main purpose to start composing a valid candidate list. When the deadline for submitting candidate lists expired on 12 April, the party was approved to participate in one of the six constituencies: Reykjavik Constituency South.
Sturla Jónsson's attempt also to list in other constituencies as a single independent candidate (without a list), was disapproved both by the electoral committees in these constituencies and by the National electoral Commission. This disapproval was expected, as the Icelandic constitution and election law stipulates that independent candidates are not allowed to run in parliamentary elections, unless they manage to join forces with other independent candidates to establish a full complete candidate list for a new group named "independent candidates" in the constituency they intend to run. Another peculiarity for the party's top candidate, was that he resided in the Reykjavik Constituency North, but opted to list his party list in the Reykjavík South constituency, and thus will not be able to vote for himself. Sturla explained he believed the biggest support base for his party was to be found in his neighbour constituency, which was the reason he had preferred to list there, but also used the opportunity to highlight that his party would actively work to reform the election law, so that Iceland in future elections should not be divided into any vote limiting constituencies, but instead only have one list of available parties and candidates for the entire island.
Sturla (the person) became a parliamentary candidate for Dawn in 2016.

## Electoral results
### Parliament

| Election | # of overall votes | % of overall vote | # of overall seats won | +/– | Position |
| 2013 | 222 | 0.12 | 0 / 63 | 0 | 13th |
# Stéphanie de Virieu

Stéphanie de Virieu (14 July 1785 – 9 May 1873) was a French painter and sculptor. Some 3,000 of her works have been listed, many of them documenting historical events. A feminist ahead of her time, she saw the role of women as being to study and to learn.

## Biography

Born on 14 July 1785 in Saint-Mandé, Val de Marne, Stéphanie de Virieu was the daughter of François-Henri de Virieu, a nobleman, and Élisabeth Digeon de Monteton. Her father was killed on 9 October 1793 during the Siege of Lyon.
As their home, the Château de Pupetières in Châbons, Isère, was completely destroyed by the revolutionaries, in 1803 the family bought the Château de Lemps in Le Grand-Lemps. When she was 13, Stéphanie de Virieu was introduced to drawing by Lavoipierre, one of Jacques-Louis David's students, later continuing her studies under another of his students, Grégorius.
In the early 1820s, she made a lengthy study trip to Italy, examining works of art and taking painting lessons from the Italian masters. From September 1823 to February 1824, she stayed in Rome, Naples, Turin and Florence, bringing back many drawings and watercolours.
De Virieu painted portraits of her family and her friends, including Joseph de Maistre and Alphonse de Lamartine. She also had a carpentry shop where she created statues, pieces of furniture and religious decorations. When she was 78, she sculpted a fireplace decoration in stone, tracing the story of her 12th-century ancestors. Her last work, a sculpted series of the Stations of the Cross, is to be found in the Church of Poudenas.
Stéphanie de Virieu died in Poudenas on 9 May 1873 in the home of her mother's family.
# Felicita Casella

Felicita Casella née Lacombe (c. 1820–after 1865) was an Italian singer and composer of French birth. She was born at Bourges, the sister of Louis Lacombe. Before 1849 she married Italian cellist and composer Cesare Casella and moved with him to Oporto.
Her opera Haydée was performed in Oporto in 1849 and again at the Teatro Dona Maria in Lisbon in 1853, where Casella sang in the principal role. Her next opera Cristoforo Colombo was performed in 1865 at the Théâtre Impérial in Nice.

## Works

Casella composed two operas and other works including romances and pieces for voice and piano. Selected works include:
* Haydée, Portuguese opera (also Haidée, libretto by Luiz Felipe Leite after Alexandre Dumas’ Le Comte de Monte Cristo) 1849
* Cristoforo Colombo, opera (libretto by Felice Romani) 1865
* Marcia funebre (for Maria II) for piano
* Ave verum for voice and piano
# Ashley Kozak

Ashley Kozak (c.1930 – 2008) was a British jazz bassist, record producer and artists' manager, best known as having been Donovan's manager alongside Grahame Corbyn.

## Career
### 1950s

After working and recording with Tony Crombie and his orchestra in 1954, together with leading UK-based jazz musicians such as Crombie, Dizzy Reece, Joe Temperley and Harry South, Kozak went on to join the Vic Ash Quartet, which recorded with Maxine Sullivan. He later joined the Don Rendell Sextet (1954–55) and The Ivor and Basil Kirchin Band (1955–56), together with Stan Tracey, and was later with the Basil Kirchin Small Band. He recorded again with Tony Crombie in 1957 for the 10" Long Player, 'Rockin' with the Rockets', (Columbia Records (UK:33S1108), with Red Mitchell on bass.

### 1960s - 1970s

By 1962, he was leading his own quartet, which included Harry South and Dick Morrissey, and spent several months in India.
Shortly after their return to the UK, Kozak started working as an executive at Brian Epstein's NEMS Enterprises, as well as managing artists such as Shawn Phillips (1965–67), Donovan (1965–May 1968), and the duo Michael-Claire (1968).
He produced Marc Brierley's second album for CBS Records, Hello (1969), the band Clear Blue Sky (1970–71), and put together the band Tranquility, who were described as a "hybrid of pop, rock and English folk music", and were active from 1971 to 1974.

## Record label

Sugar was a company run by directors Kozak and Mike Collier. Charles Ross was the production director. The 31 May 1969 issue of Record World wrote that the UK distribution of Sugar was to be handled by Pye. Bell Records was taking care of the distribution and for the United States and Canada. And a deal for that involving Larry Uttal of Bell had just been completed. Artists that recorded for the label included Claude Sang, Joe White, Frenz, Raymond Morrison. and Three Coins.

## Death

Kozak died in 2008.

## Discography

* 1954: Maxine Sullivan, voc; acc. by Vic Ash Quartet: Vic Ash, cl; Ralph Dollimore, p; Ashley Kozak, b; Ralph Green, d - London
* 1955: Meet Don Rendell - Don Rendell
* 1957: Rockin' with The Rockets - Tony Crombie and His Rockets (Red Morris, Jimmy Currie, Ashley Kozak, Red Mitchell, Clyde Ray) - Columbia 33S 1108
# List of regions of Saudi Arabia by Human Development Index

This is a list of regions of Saudi Arabia by Human Development Index as of 2024 with data for the year 2022.
| Rank | Region (provinces) | HDI (2022) |
| Very high human development |||
| 1 | Center (Riyadh, Al-Qassim) | 0.899 |
| 2 | North (Northern Borders, Al Jawf, Ha'il) | 0.889 |
| – | Saudi Arabia (average) | 0.875 |
| 3 | West (Mecca, Medina, Tabuk) | 0.871 |
| 4 | Eastern province | 0.862 |
| 5 | South (Al Bahah, Jizan, 'Asir, Najran) | 0.854 |
# Samuele Levi

Samuele Levi (c. 1813 – 6 January 1883) was an Italian composer born in Venice. He is best known for his four operas: Iginia d'Asti (1837, Teatro San Benedetto), Ginerva degli Almieri (1840, Teatro Comunale di Trieste), Giuditta (1844, La Fenice), and La biscagliata (1860, Teatro Carignano). He died in Florence.
# Nautical cable

A nautical cable is a band of tightly woven and clamped ropes, of a defined cable length, used during the age of sail for deep water anchoring, heavy lifting, ship to ship transfers and towing during blue sea sailing and other uses.

## Waterproof lines

Ordinary rope is not waterproof. When a ship anchors in relatively deep water (greater than about 35 metres or 20 fathoms), the anchor and rope that is let down becomes drenched with water, becoming prohibitively difficult to raise again, even with a mechanism like a capstan. This ultimately limits the depths available with ordinary rope to within the weight bearing capacity of the rope. The rope will become so heavy with water it will break.
The traditional instructions, according to the British Royal Navy in the age of sail, are: Three large strands of tightly woven rope of about 200 metres (110 fathoms) in length are themselves tightly woven in a direction counter to the weave, or twist, of the rope and clamped together over intervals to provide one strong length of rope that is effectively waterproof. The three ropes are so tightly wound counter to the weave of the constituent ropes that the fibers are compressed and the individual weaves stressed, sealing out the water and resulting in a length of about 180 metres (100 fathoms), the UK traditional definition of cable length. Using a cable, the raising of the anchor, or any activity involving submerging the cable, is not more strenuous than lowering.

## Hawsers

Hawsers are not cables. Hawsers are ropes of arbitrary length woven together to increase the strength of the overall line, but are not considered waterproof as the weave of the hawser goes with the weave of the constituent ropes. This has come to be known as "hawser laid" and "cable laid". Confusion between cables and hawsers is rampant because both cables and hawsers can be used through the hawsehole.
# Estelle Muriel Kerr

Estelle Muriel Kerr (1879-1971) was a Canadian painter, illustrator and writer.

## Life

Estelle Muriel Kerr was born in Toronto, Canada, in 1879. In Toronto she studied with Mary Ella Dignam and Laura Muntz Lyall. She studied at The New York Art Students League (NYASL) for about two years from 1901. She also spent two years at the Académie de la Grande Chaumière. During the summers she sketched in Italy, Switzerland, France, Belgium and the Netherlands.
Around 1913 Kerr shared a studio in Toronto with Dorothy Stevens. In World War I (1914-1918) she drove an ambulance in France. She became well known as an art critic and a painter of children. She also painted landscapes and figure studies. Kerr was among the founding members of the Graphics Art Club and the Heliconian Club. Kerr died in 1971.

## Publications

Kerr illustrated several children's books and contributed illustrated stories and poems to several publications. She published:
* Little Sam in Volendam, children's book
* The Town Crier of Gevrey", based on her experiences in World War I.

### Selected writings

* Concerning Canadian Art. Courier (7 Oct. 1916?).
* Do You Speak Spanish? Toronto Star Weekly (21 Aug. 1926): 21.
* How Henri Won His Maple Leaf. Canadian Magazine 54.3 (Jan. 1920): 220-22.
* I Seek Lodgings in Paris. Toronto Star Weekly (14 May 1927).
* In the Vineyards of Burgundy. Canadian Magazine 52.2 (Dec. 1918): 631-35.
* Monsieur Le Fou: The Tale of a Misunderstanding - Reggie Is Locked Up But Makes His Escape. Toronto Saturday Night (16 Jul. 1927).
* Recommended Hotels. Toronto Star Weekly (11 Dec. 1926).
* The Artist. Toronto Saturday Night 26: 35 (7 Jun. 1913): 29.
* The Etcher's Point of View. Canadian Magazine 48 (Dec. 1916): 152-59.
* Uncle Norman's Portrait. Canadian Magazine 50.6 (Apr. 1918): 489-495.
* Women Sculptors in Toronto. Women's Saturday Night (20 Jun. 1914).
* Royal Castles in France. Canadian Magazine 64.4 (Feb. 1916): 282-94.
# Edward Applebaum

Edward Applebaum (September 28, 1937 – January 7, 2020) was an American composer of contemporary classical music.
Born in Los Angeles, United States of America, Applebaum began his career as a jazz pianist and conductor. He received a B.A. (1962), M.A. (1963), and Ph.D. (1966) from the University of California, Los Angeles, and also studied at the Royal Academy of Music in Stockholm, Sweden. His primary teachers were Henri Lazarof and Lukas Foss. In Sweden, he also studied with Ingvar Lidholm.
Applebaum taught composition at the University of Houston and had previously taught at the Shepherd School of Music at Rice University in Texas, Edith Cowan University in Australia, the University of California, Santa Barbara, Florida State University, and in Norway. He also lectured at The Jung Center of Houston. His notable students include Donald Crockett and Carl Faia.
In 1984, Applebaum received a first-place Kennedy Center Friedheim Award in Music Composition for his Symphony No. 2. His most notable work is The Princess in the Garden for string orchestra, composed in 1985.
Applebaum also held a particular scholarly interest in the subject of psychotherapy and the arts. He had been married to the composer Allyson Brown Applebaum (now Allyson Applebaum Wells).
# Dorothea Austin

Dorothea Austin Banner (1921 – 25 June 2011) was an Austrian-born American pianist and composer who specialized in electronic and computer generated music.

## Biography

Austin was born Dorothea Blaukopf into a Jewish family in Vienna, Austria. As a child, she was already performing as a concert pianist. She fled to England before World War II on the last Kindertransport sponsored by the Red Cross. Her brother Viktor and her parents died during the war.
In England she worked at a factory for a while to support herself, but was eventually taken in by Quaker philanthropists Nelly and Rachel Leighton. She studied piano at the Royal College of Music and the Royal Academy of Music with Tobias Matthay in London, and afterward worked as a concert pianist.
She married Dr. Hermann Augapfel (Harry Austin), who was held during the war in a British camp for foreigners from enemy countries. She began serving as a piano teacher at that time, and continued this work after the couple emigrated to the United States in 1949. The Austins settled in Valley Stream, Long Island, where they lived until Harry Austin died in 1974.
As her performing career had been interrupted by the war, Austin attended Queens College (CUNY) in New York City, where she studied composition with Leo Kraft and George Perle. She developed an interest in electronic forms and composition with synthesizer, working successfully as a composer. Austin took a position as professor at Queensborough Community College, where she remained for nearly forty years, also serving as department chair. Austin was a member of the New York Women Composers Association.
After the death of Harry Austin, she married Gerson Banner, who died in 2004. Austin had three daughters. Her papers are stored at Queensborough Community College Library.

## Selected works

* Transformation for viola, piano and tape (1973)
* Fantasia for piano and orchestra (1984)
* Syndetos for piano (1984)
* Analogy for viola, cello and piano (1985)
* Metamorphosis for cello and piano (1986)
* Reflections I
* Reflections II for high voice, flute (piccolo), oboe (English horn), clarinet, horn and bassoon; words by Stephen Crane
# George Edward Hunt (jeweller)

George Edward Hunt (2 September 1892 – 1960) was a notable British Birmingham-based Arts and Crafts jeweller.
He was born on 2 September 1892 in Dudley, near Birmingham. At the age of five he contracted diphtheria and became deaf. The family left the Black Country and moved to Harborne, a suburb of Birmingham, where Hunt remained until his death in 1960.
In 1908, at the age of sixteen, Hunt won free admission to the Margaret Street Art School in Birmingham, where he was taught by Bernard Cuzner. He was awarded several prizes for both design and metalwork in national competitions.
Hunt opened a shop at Five Ways, near Birmingham city centre. By the 1920s his clientele included aristocracy such as Eileen Sutherland-Leveson-Gower, Duchess of Sutherland, for whom he made a series of enamelled miniatures of her ancestors.
He is buried at St Peter's Church, Harborne, alongside his parents.
An exhibition of his work, The Silent World of an Arts and Crafts Jeweller was held by Bonhams in 2006, at their premises in London, Bath and Knowle, near Birmingham.
# Adam Fong

Adam Fong (born June 21, 1980) is an American composer, performer and producer active in the San Francisco Bay area. He studied English and Music at Stanford University earning an M.A. in 2004. He then completed an M.F.A. in media studies at Cal Arts in 2006 where his teachers included James Tenney and Wadada Leo Smith.

## Career

He began working with Charles Amirkhanian for the well known concert organization Other Minds in 2006 where he served as Associate Director. In addition he co-founded Emerging Arts Professionals, a network for people working in the arts sector in or near San Francisco. He continues to be a part of the Leadership Group of this organization. He is active as a performer with various groups in the bay area.

### Center for New Music San Francisco, Inc.

The Center for New Music San Francisco, Inc.was founded in 2012, and is a 501(c)(3) not-for-profit corporation. The Center was conceived in 2011 by Adam Fong and Brent Miller.

## Partial List of Compositions

* Yizkor (2002) for clarinet, piano and cello Premiered May, 2003 at Stanford
* String Quartet No. 1 (2003) Premiered May, 2003 at Stanford
* Five Times Remembered (for Bill Evans, 2004) for piano and tape Premiered November, 2004 at CalArts “Sounding Out”
* Elementary Studies: Waves, Fire, Rain, Sunlight (2004) for two pianos Premiered October, 2004 at CalArts “Sounding Out”; The last section 'Sunlight' was performed by Dennis Russell Davies and Maki Namekawa in San Francisco on October 16, 2007
* A Moving Wall (2005) for string orchestra Premiered March, 2005 at CalArts “Page One”
* State of the Union (2006) for 8 or more performers Premiered September, 2008 at Long Beach Soundwalk
* Bracing and Tonic (2007) for Simplified Violin Premiered September, 2008 at the wulf in Los Angeles
* 5x5 (2008) for 5 contrabasses Premiered April, 2008 at “Salon! You’re ON!” in San Francisco
* Hammer Duets (2010) for various instruments Premiered Summer, 2010 at Little William Theater, Hammer Museum in Los Angeles
* Goodnight Irene (2011) for electric guitars Premiered February, 2011 at Issue Project Room, Brooklyn, NY
* Senescence (2011) for violin and cello Premiered September 25, 2011
# Wynn Zaw Htun

Wynn Zaw Htun (Burmese: ဝင်းဇော်ထွန်း; born 15 September 1982) is a Burmese chess International Master. Currently the top ranked player in Myanmar, Wynn Zaw Htun has won the Myanmar National Chess Championship nine times: in 2000, 2004, 2006, 2013–2015, and 2017–2019
# Renate Birnstein

Renate Maria Birnstein (born 17 November 1946) is a German composer, violinist and pianist. She was born in Hamburg, and studied at the Hochschule fur Musik with Diether de la Motte and György Ligeti, receiving her diploma in composition and piano in 1973.
After completing her studies, Birnstein took a position teaching at the Hochschule fur Musik in Hamburg. Birnstein won the 1983 Prix de Rome. Her music has been performed internationally.

## Works

Birnstein composes for orchestra, theater, chamber ensemble, choral and piano performance. Selected works include:
* 'Villa Massimo
* Imaginations for orchestra, 1972
* Ich rufe an mit meiner Stimme, 1981
* Octet for flute, clarinet, trombone, viola, cello and two percussionists, 1985
* Pranto ocre for baritone and piano to the text of the Brazilian poet Paes Loureiro, 2003
* Les horloge, theater work
* Les grains de sable, theater work