OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Jacques Bourcart

Jacques Bourcart (5 June 1891 – 24 June 1965) was a French geologist and oceanographer who was involved in producing undersea topographical maps of the Mediterranean Sea. He was a professor of geology at the Paris-Sorbonne University. He came up with the continental flexture theory to explain the terrain off Morocco.

## Early life and education

Bourcart was born in Guebwiller, Haut-Rhin and grew up studying at Remiremont. He initially studied medicine but moved to the natural sciences and worked with the oceanographers Paul Marais de Beauchamp and Louis Joubin but became very interested in Morocco. During World War I, he was posted into the Albanian borders where he became interested in the region.

## Career

Bourcart's 1922 doctoral thesis made use of data collected during his Albanian posting, supported by his superior during the war, Marshal Franchet d'Espere, dealt with the geography of Albania but his work included material on the Albanian people and their language, and he was known for his discursive storytelling.
He produced the first geological map of the region at a 1:200,000 scale. He became a director of the Cherifian Institute at Morocco in 1925 and began to study the region, collaborating with Louis Gentil whom he succeeded as director, and after visiting the Canary Islands, he once again became interested in oceanography.
He returned to Paris in 1933, and from 1936 he taught at Paris-Sorbonne University, becoming a full professor in 1950 and conducted studies on the seabed and ocean sediment. One his students was Claude Francis-Boeuf, but his career was stopped by an accident in Ethiopia in 1952.
He began to examine the Mediterranean Sea, examining the undersea canyons, the topography, and collecting sediments. He proposed continental flexture to explain the topography of the North African coast and submarine valleys. He was made an officer of the Legion of Honour in 1959 and elected to the Academy of Sciences in 1960.
# Tarerach

Tarerach (French pronunciation: ; also Tarérach; Catalan: Tarerac) is a commune in the Pyrénées-Orientales department in southern France.

## Geography

Tarerach is located in the canton of La Vallée de l'Agly and in the arrondissement of Prades.
# Nelson Ledesma

Nelson Lautaro Ledesma (born 25 July 1990) is an Argentinian professional golfer who currently plays on PGA Tour. He has won twice on the Korn Ferry Tour.

## Professional career

Ledesma turned professional in 2007 and played much of his early career on the Argentine national professional golf tour, winning the Order of Merit in 2014, the Tour de las Américas and the PGA Tour Latinoamérica. He gained his card on the second tier United States based Web.com Tour for the 2018 season after finishing 5th on the PGA Tour Latinoamérica Order of Merit in 2017.
Ledesma won on his debut season on the Web.com Tour at the LECOM Health Challenge. This was his only top-10 finish of the season and he finished 42nd in the money list. He claimed his second victory on the renamed Korn Ferry Tour the following year at the TPC Colorado Championship, and finished the season in 8th place on the regular season points list to earn his card on the PGA Tour for the 2019–20 season.

## Professional wins (11)
### Korn Ferry Tour wins (2)

| No. | Date | Tournament | Winning score | Margin of victory | Runner(s)-up |
| 1 | 8 Jul 2018 | LECOM Health Challenge | −22 (68-67-64-67=266) | 2 strokes | Kyle Jones, Sebastián Muñoz |
| 2 | 14 Jul 2019 | TPC Colorado Championship | −15 (65-69-69-70=273) | 1 stroke | Brett Coletta |

### PGA Tour Latinoamérica wins (1)

| No. | Date | Tournament | Winning score | Margin of victory | Runners-up |
| 1 | 23 Apr 2017 | Abierto OSDE del Centro | −9 (68-69-67-71=275) | 3 strokes | Hank Lebioda, Paulo Pinto |

### Tour de las Américas wins (1)

| No. | Date | Tournament | Winning score | Margin of victory | Runners-up |
| 1 | 20 Nov 2011 | Roberto De Vicenzo Classic$^1$ | −8 (71-71-69-69=280) | Playoff | Rafael Gómez, Fernando Zacarias |
$^1$Co-sanctioned by the TPG Tour

### TPG Tour wins (7)

| No. | Date | Tournament | Winning score | Margin of victory | Runner(s)-up |
| 1 | 18 Jun 2011 | Abierto Termas de Río Hondo | −25 (64-68-66-65=263) | 4 strokes | Andrés Romero |
| 2 | 20 Nov 2011 | Roberto De Vicenzo Classic$^1$ | −8 (71-71-69-69=280) | Playoff | Rafael Gómez, Fernando Zacarias |
| 3 | 17 Nov 2013 | Gran Premio Las Praderas | −11 (70-70-67-70=277) | 4 strokes | Rafael Gómez |
| 4 | 11 Jan 2014 | Abierto del Sur | −12 (64-66-70-68=268) | 1 stroke | Emilio Domínguez |
| 5 | 8 Jun 2014 | Abierto Termas de Río Hondo | −20 (67-69-65-67=268) | 1 stroke | Gustavo Acosta, Maximiliano Godoy, Jorge Monroy |
| 6 | 8 Apr 2023 | Abierto del Centro | −14 (69-68-72-71=270) | 1 stroke | Ignacio Marino |
| 7 | 9 Sep 2023 | Abierto del Norte | −20 (65-71-65-63=264) | Playoff | Mauro Báez |
$^1$Co-sanctioned by the Tour de las Américas

### Ángel Cabrera Tour wins (1)

| No. | Date | Tournament | Winning score | Margin of victory | Runner-up |
| 1 | 20 Aug 2016 | Ángel Cabrera Tour Grand Final | −3 (70-71=141) | 3 strokes | Ryan McCarthy |

## Team appearances

Professional
* Aruba Cup (representing PGA Tour Latinoamérica): 2017
# Toni Anastasovski

Toni Anastasovski (Macedonian: Тони Анастасовски, born 11 July 1969) is a retired Macedonian football midfielder.

## Career

Born in Štip, SR Macedonia, he played in the Yugoslav First League with Macedonian side FK Vardar, between 1986 and 1989, and with Serbian side FK Rad in the 1989–90 season.
# El Qutlugh Khatun

El Qutlugh Khatun (Persian: ايلقتلغ; fl. 1323) was the daughter of Abaqa Khan (r. 1265–82), the second Mongol ruler of the Ilkhanate. Her story, included in Khalīl ibn Aybeg al-Ṣafadī's (around 1297-1363) bibliographic dictionary, sheds light on changing gender norms during the widespread conversion in the Ilkhanate to Islam. Her story also depicts the status of women during the period.

## The Hajj

It is unclear how many women went on the Hajj during the pre-modern era. According to al-Ṣafadī', however, El Qutlugh was one of the women who did make the journey. She travelled on horseback (not in a palanquin fastened to a camel) with a quiver of arrows at her waist. There were differences in her journey in comparison to the wives of senior Mamluk officials from the same period. Her Hajj trip took place in 1323.

## Family

She was married to Ghurbatai Güregen from the Hushin tribe. Her husband was active during Arghun and Gaykhatu's reign, and supported the latter during Baydu's revolt. He also had two children named Beglemish and Bitigchi, although it is not known if El Qutlugh was their mother. Ghurbatai was murdered some time after Gaykhatu's reign and El Qutlugh was known to have avenged him, however exact date is not known.

## Ghazan's death

Mamluk sources credit her with inciting Bulughan Khatun to poison Ghazan Khan.
# Ksenia Aleshina

Ksenia Yevgenyevna Aleshina (Russian: Ксения Евгеньевна Алешина; born 28 January 2003) is a Russian tennis player.
She has a career-high ITF junior combined ranking of 366, achieved on 28 January 2019.
Aleshina made her WTA Tour main-draw debut at the 2019 Baltic Open in the doubles draw, partnering Kamilla Bartone.
# Tiandeng County

Tiandeng (simplified Chinese: 天等县; traditional Chinese: 天等縣; pinyin: Tiānděng Xiàn, Zhuang: Denhdwngj Yen) is a county in the southwest of Guangxi, China. It is the northernmost county-level division of the prefecture-level city of Chongzuo.

## Administrative divisions

There are 6 towns and 7 townships in the county:

### Towns

Tiandeng Town (天等镇), Longming Town (龙茗镇), Jinjie Town (进结镇), Xiangdu Town (向都镇), Dongping Town (东平镇), Fuxin Town (福新镇)

### Townships

Dukang Township (都康乡), Ninggan Township (宁干乡), Tuokan Township (驮堪乡), Jinyuan Township (进远乡), Shangying Township (上映乡), Bahe Township (把荷乡), Xiaoshan Township (小山乡)

## Climate

Climate data for Tiandeng, elevation 454 m (1,490 ft), (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1981–2010) :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 28.0 (82.4) | 33.6 (92.5) | 33.9 (93.0) | 37.3 (99.1) | 36.9 (98.4) | 36.0 (96.8) | 36.7 (98.1) | 37.0 (98.6) | 36.1 (97.0) | 33.6 (92.5) | 31.1 (88.0) | 29.2 (84.6) | 37.3 (99.1) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 15.8 (60.4) | 18.1 (64.6) | 20.9 (69.6) | 25.8 (78.4) | 29.0 (84.2) | 30.5 (86.9) | 31.2 (88.2) | 31.2 (88.2) | 29.8 (85.6) | 26.7 (80.1) | 22.9 (73.2) | 18.3 (64.9) | 25.0 (77.0) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 12.2 (54.0) | 14.4 (57.9) | 17.4 (63.3) | 22.0 (71.6) | 24.9 (76.8) | 26.5 (79.7) | 26.9 (80.4) | 26.7 (80.1) | 25.0 (77.0) | 21.8 (71.2) | 18.0 (64.4) | 13.7 (56.7) | 20.8 (69.4) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 9.7 (49.5) | 11.9 (53.4) | 15.0 (59.0) | 19.2 (66.6) | 21.9 (71.4) | 23.7 (74.7) | 24.1 (75.4) | 23.8 (74.8) | 22.0 (71.6) | 18.7 (65.7) | 14.8 (58.6) | 10.7 (51.3) | 18.0 (64.3) |
| Record low °C (°F) | 0.6 (33.1) | 1.7 (35.1) | 2.3 (36.1) | 8.1 (46.6) | 12.9 (55.2) | 16.4 (61.5) | 18.7 (65.7) | 21.1 (70.0) | 14.3 (57.7) | 9.2 (48.6) | 4.4 (39.9) | 0.2 (32.4) | 0.2 (32.4) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 48.6 (1.91) | 35.7 (1.41) | 65.6 (2.58) | 71.0 (2.80) | 185.0 (7.28) | 258.9 (10.19) | 250.4 (9.86) | 233.1 (9.18) | 121.4 (4.78) | 78.9 (3.11) | 46.7 (1.84) | 37.7 (1.48) | 1,433 (56.42) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 13.2 | 11.9 | 15.4 | 13.7 | 15.4 | 18.3 | 18.5 | 17.6 | 12.1 | 8.9 | 8.1 | 8.7 | 161.8 |
| Average snowy days | 0.2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.2 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 78 | 77 | 80 | 78 | 78 | 82 | 82 | 82 | 80 | 78 | 77 | 75 | 79 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 63.4 | 66.5 | 63.5 | 106.8 | 149.1 | 149.0 | 176.1 | 191.6 | 175.6 | 154.3 | 132.8 | 114.7 | 1,543.4 |
| Percent possible sunshine | 19 | 21 | 17 | 28 | 36 | 37 | 43 | 48 | 48 | 43 | 40 | 35 | 35 |
| Source: China Meteorological Administration ||||||||||||||
# Sophia Takal

Sophia Takal is an American actress, writer and director, perhaps best known for her work in independent features such as All the Light in the Sky, Supporting Characters and Gabi on the Roof in July. Filmmaker magazine named Takal one of the "25 New Faces of Film" in 2011. She directed and co-wrote the 2019 remake of the 1974 horror film Black Christmas.

## Early life

Takal is from Montclair, New Jersey.

## Career

Takal has worked on and starred in numerous independent films, some associated with the mumblecore movement.
In March 2011, Takal's first directorial effort, Green, was premiered at the South by Southwest Festival and was positively received, winning Takal the festival's Chicken and Egg Emergent Narrative Woman Director prize. She also wrote the film. In 2015, Takal directed another feature-length film, Always Shine. The film stars Mackenzie Davis, Caitlin FitzGerald, and her husband Lawrence Michael Levine.
Takal and her husband operate a production company called Little Teeth Pictures.

## Personal life

Takal is married to the filmmaker Lawrence Michael Levine, a frequent collaborator and co-star. She studied film at Vassar before graduating from Barnard College.

## Filmography
### Actress

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 2011 | Gabi on the Roof in July | Gabi | Also producer and editor |
| 2011 | Green | Robin | Also writer and director |
| 2011 | The Zone | Sophia | |
| 2011 | The International Sign for Choking | Anna | |
| 2011 | Cat Scratch Fever | Anna | |
| 2011 | V/H/S | Stephanie | Segment "Second Honeymoon" |
| 2012 | Gayby | Honey | |
| 2012 | Supporting Characters | Amy | |
| 2012 | The Men of Dodge City | Sophia | |
| 2012 | All the Light in the Sky | Faye | |
| 2012 | Open Five 2 | | |
| 2013 | Molly's Theory of Relativity | Molly | |
| 2013 | Detonator | Belle | |
| 2013 | Hellaware | Bernadette | |
| 2013 | 24 Exposures | Callie | |
| 2013 | Cheatin' | Ella | |
| 2014 | God's Pocket | Temple Graduate | |
| 2014 | The Other Men of Dodge City | Sophia | |
| 2014 | Wild Canaries | Barri | Also producer |
| 2014 | Uncle Kent 2 | Public Domain Superhero | |
| 2015 | Devil Town | Eve Phillips | |

### Director

| Year | Title | Notes |
| 2011 | Green | Also writer |
| 2016 | Always Shine | Also producer |
| 2018 | Into the Dark | Episode: "New Year, New You" |
| 2019 | Black Christmas | Also co-writer |
| 2021 | One of Us Is Lying | 2 episodes |
| 2022 | Gossip Girl | 2 episodes |
| 2023 | The Summer I Turned Pretty | 2 episodes |
# Lejaren Hiller

Lejaren Arthur Hiller Jr. (February 23, 1924, New York City – January 26, 1994, Buffalo, New York) was an American composer.

## Career

In 1957 he collaborated with Leonard Isaacson on his String Quartet No. 4, Illiac Suite, the first significant use of a computer to compose music. In 1958 Hiller founded the Experimental Music Studios at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. His notable pupils included composers James Fulkerson, Larry Lake, Ilza Nogueira, David Rosenboom, Margaret Scoville, Michael Ranta, Elliott Sharp, Bernadette Speach and James Tenney. See: List of music students by teacher: G to J#Lejaren Hiller.
He was originally trained as a chemist, and worked as a research chemist for DuPont in Waynesboro, Virginia (1947–52). He developed the first reliable process for dyeing Orlon and coauthored a popular textbook.
He played piano, oboe, clarinet, and saxophone as a child. He also studied composition with Roger Sessions and Milton Babbitt while earning his chemistry degree at Princeton University. His father, Lejaren Hiller, Sr., was a well-known art photographer who specialized in historical tableaux.
He wrote an article on the Illiac Suite for Scientific American which garnered a lot of attention from the press, generating a storm of controversy. The musical establishment was so hostile to this interloper scientist that both Baker's Biographical Dictionary of Musicians and the New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians refused to include him until shortly before his death.
A majority of Hiller's works after 1957 do not involve computers at all, but might include stochastic music, indeterminacy, serialism, Brahmsian traditionalism, jazz, performance art, folksong and counterpoint mixed together. He also collaborated with John Cage for HPSCHD.
He created the MUSICOMP ("MUsic SImulator-Interpreter for COMpositional Procedures") programming language for music composition with Robert Baker in order to create their Computer Cantata (1963). In 1968, he joined the faculty at University at Buffalo as Slee Professor of Composition, where he established the school's first computer music facility and co-directed with Lukas Foss at the Center of the Creative and Performing Arts. Illness forced him to retire in 1989.

## Death

He died from Alzheimer's disease in 1994 in Buffalo.
# Mark Adu Amofah

Mark Amofah (born 7 July 1987) is a Ghanaian-born footballer who plays as a striker.

## Career

Liberty Professionals F.C. bought Amofah from Fauzan F.C. in 2002 for an undisclosed fee. He spent the 2004 season on loan at Real Sportive. He scored 10 goals in 15 appearances to become the third highest-scoring player that year. In 2006 he joined Asante Kotoko SC. He joined Bloemfontein Celtic in 2007 and was declared surplus to the club. He joined Danish Superligaen SønderjyskE in 2009 in a two-year contract. In 2010 he joined Beitar Ramla. He returned to Ghana's premier league in 2011 with his former club Liberty Professionals. In 2012 he left Ghana and played with Phatthalung F.C. He played for Sitra Club in January 2014.
# Cecil Frederick Patterson

Cecil Frederick Patterson (1891–1961) was renowned in Saskatchewan for his work on hardy fruits and flowers.
Patterson began in 1921 as a lecturer in the College of Agriculture at the University of Saskatchewan and headed the newly organized Department of Horticulture in the following year. In his 39 years as head of the Department of Horticulture, Patterson was responsible for the introduction of more than 52 new varieties of hardy fruits for the prairies and over 18 varieties of hybrid hardy lilies, as well as several varieties of ornamental plants. He is "credited with originating fruit breeding work on the prairies," effectively extending the growing potential of gardens across the west. His experimental – and non-irrigated — nursery was believed to be the world's largest. His accomplishments included 30 new varieties of hardy fruits, including apples, pears, plums, cherries, raspberries and strawberries. His namesake apples, plums, and pears thrive in orchards and gardens throughout western Canada today. He was also responsible for an improved potato variety, well adapted to prairie growing conditions.
Patterson's research was not limited to fruit. He was also deeply interested in expanding prairie gardens and developing varieties which would withstand the harsh Saskatchewan winters. He succeeded, with his name becoming synonymous with a collection of lily varieties in pink, white, rose and other colours, the result of a dedicated and patient cross breeding and selection program which spanned over 20 years. Among his breeds, "Edith Cecilia" (named after his eldest daughter who died at age 13), "White Princess", "Jasper", and "Apricot Glow" are the most popular today. All are sturdy plants, seldom needing support even on the windy prairies. Other flower introductions included geraniums and gladioli.
Born at Watford, Ontario, Patterson graduated from the Ontario Agricultural College in Guelph with a BSc in agriculture. He took his master's and doctorate degrees at the University of Illinois in Urbana, Illinois. He went to the University of Saskatchewan in 1921, soon marrying the university's nurse, Laura Fraser, with whom he had three children. Patterson was a charter member of the Agricultural Institute of Canada, a Fellow of the American Society for the Advancement of Science, a charter member of the Western Canadian Society for Horticulture, and an honorary life member of the Saskatchewan Horticultural Societies Association. He was inducted into the Saskatchewan Agriculture Hall of Fame in 1973.
Patterson Garden is an arboretum on the campus of the University of Saskatchewan, named in his honour.
Patterson died on February 20, 1961.
# Wiener–Wintner theorem

In mathematics, the Wiener–Wintner theorem, named after Norbert Wiener and Aurel Wintner, is a strengthening of the ergodic theorem, proved by Wiener and Wintner (1941).

## Statement

Suppose that τ is a measure-preserving transformation of a measure space S with finite measure. If f is a real-valued integrable function on S then the Wiener–Wintner theorem states that there is a measure 0 set E such that the average
    $\lim _{\ell \rightarrow \infty }{\frac {1}{2\ell +1}}\sum _{j=-\ell }^{\ell }e^{ij\lambda }f(\tau ^{j}P)$
exists for all real λ and for all P not in E.
The special case for λ = 0 is essentially the Birkhoff ergodic theorem, from which the existence of a suitable measure 0 set E for any fixed λ, or any countable set of values λ, immediately follows. The point of the Wiener–Wintner theorem is that one can choose the measure 0 exceptional set E to be independent of λ.
This theorem was even much more generalized by the Return Times Theorem.
# Markolf.pl

Markolf.pl is a Polish website which specialises in Polish video game magazines. The service has been operating since 2001.

## History

Markolf was created in 2001, being the first Polish website to deal with the topic of full versions of games added to video game magazines. The times of the website's splendour came in the first years of its operation, when it was one of the most popular Polish video game sites. Thanks to its reputation, the portal cooperated informally with journalists or representatives of video game magazines (such as CD-Action, Play, or Click!), who gave their input on the site's discussion forum or organised so-called leaks on it. In 2008, Markolf started cooperation with the Gaminator.pl portal belonging to Filmweb. Since 2011, the website has been cooperating with Gram.pl as part of the Collective Programme.
The importance of the service was steadily diminishing with the decline in the popularity of the video game press. Tentative attempts to expand the website's operations (e.g. by aggregating promotions from digital distribution) did not bring about much result.
# 2013 IPC Athletics World Championships – Women's 1500 metres

The women's 1,500 metres at the 2013 IPC Athletics World Championships was held at the Stade du Rhône from 20–29 July.

## Medalists

| Class | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| T12 | Elena Pautova Russia | Maryem En-Nourhi Morocco | Elena Congost Mohedano Spain |
| T20 | Barbara Niewiedzial Poland | Arleta Meloch Poland | Ilona Biacsi Hungary |
| T54 | Tatyana McFadden United States | Wakako Tsuchida Japan Edith Wolf Switzerland | N/A |
# George Kirstein

George Kirstein (December 10, 1909 – April 3, 1986) was publisher and principal owner of The Nation magazine from 1955 to 1965.

## Background

George G. Kirstein was born on December 10, 1909, Boston. He attended the Berkshire School, a private boarding school in Sheffield, Massachusetts and graduated in 1929. He attended Harvard College and graduated in 1933.

## Career

After Harvard, Kirstein went to Hollywood, where he worked as an assistant director at RKO. He then worked at Bloomingdale's from 1938 to 1941.
During World War II, he served as executive secretary of the National Defense Mediation Board and the National War Labor Board. He also served as a lieutenant in the U.S. Navy, stationed in the South Pacific from 1943 to 1945. He worked five years as a management labor-consultant, then became executive vice president of the Health Insurance Plan of Greater New York from 1950 to 1955.
He then bought and published The Nation from 1955 to 1965. In its obituary, The New York Times wrote that he was “instrumental in preserving The Nation's liberal independent voice.” The magazine became solvent under his guidance and won many awards.
He headed the Mamaroneck Historical Society from 1965 until his retirement in 1971. He was a trustee of Montefiore Medical Center in the Bronx. He was also a member of the New York Foundation.

## Personal

Kirstein was married to Elinor Ferry, a member of the Independent-Socialist Party and lifelong support of Alger Hiss.
He sailed often with friend Robert Penn Warren.

## Death

Kirstein died from a heart attack at his home in Mamaroneck, New York, aged 76.

## Works

* The Rich: Are They Different? (1968)
* "Better Giving" (1975)
* "Learning to Sail the Hard Way" (1979)
# Debar Lake

Debar Lake (Macedonian: Дебарско Езеро, romanized: Debarsko Ezero; Albanian: Liqeni i Dibrës) is an artificial lake in the western portion of North Macedonia near the town of Debar after which it is named. A dam at Špilje blocks the Black Drin, the second longest river in the country.
Lake Debar has a surface area of 13.2 square kilometres (1,320 ha) and is among the largest lakes in North Macedonia. It is 92 metres (302 ft) deep and sits at an altitude of 580 metres above the Adriatic. It was created between 1966 and 1968, after the existing dam at Špilje was raised to 102 metres (335 ft).