OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Oyina

Oyina (Persian: آینه, 'The Mirror') was a bilingual Turki-Persian newspaper published from Samarkand, Russian Turkestan 1913-1915. The newspaper was published by Mahmudkhodja Behbudiy. It functioned as an organ of the Jadid social reform movement.

## History

Mahmudkhodja Behbudiy was a wealthy philanthropist and social reformer in Samarkand. Out of nine pre-revolutionary newspapers in Turkestan were all short-lived and struggled with finances, Oyina was arguably the most successful. The newspaper was launched in August 1913. The newspaper played a significant role in spreading Enlightenment ideas. It was the most important periodical of the Jadid movement in Turkestan. In the pages of Oyina "the development of national education, language, and literature, in order to overcome the feudal-patriarchal backwardness of their peoples and to facilitate their liberation from colonial oppression". In articles in Oyina Mahmudkhodja Behbudiy would attack religious impurity, sinning, pederasty and alcohol consumption, and would call for the development of a new generation of educated Islamic clergy.
Whilst the newspaper was bilingual, different languages were assigned different roles. About two-thirds of the articles (such as news reporting, articles on science and editorials) were written in Turki. The remaining third of the article (essays and texts on philosophical issues) were written in Persian. Moreover, some advertisements in the newspaper were in Russian language.
Hoji Muin [uz] served as temporary editor of Oyina around 1914-1915. Many texts by Hoji Muin appeared in the pages of Oyina.
Oyina was published more or less weekly for a period of twenty months. Oyina closed down in June 1915 after 68 issues. The publication struggled with its finances. The economic difficulties of publishing in the midst of World War I further exacerbated this situation. By the end of its first year of publishing Oyina had merely 234 paid subscribers.
# Preconditioning (adaptation)

Preconditioning occurs when an animal is exposed to a stressor or stimulus in order to prepare it for a later encounter with a similar stressor or stimulus.
For example, in vaccinations, a human is exposed to an artificially weakened virus in order to stimulate the body's immune system to produce antibodies that fight the virus. Then, when the live virus is encountered, the body can vigorously defend against it, already having produced the relevant antibodies. See pre-exposure prophylaxis.
# Helen Cherry

Helen Mary Cherry (24 November 1915 – 27 September 2001) was an English stage, film and television actress. She was born in Worsley, Lancashire, and brought up in Harrogate, West Riding of Yorkshire.

## Marriage

Whilst working at the Arts Theatre, Cherry met fellow actor Trevor Howard, whom she married on 8 September 1944; they remained married until his death in 1988. They had no children.

## Selected filmography

* The Courtneys of Curzon Street (1947) – Mary Courtney
* The Mark of Cain (1947) – Mary
* For Them That Trespass (1949) – Mary Drew
* Adam and Evelyne (1949) – Moira Hannon
* Morning Departure (1950) – Helen Armstong
* They Were Not Divided (1950) – Wilhelmina
* Last Holiday (1950) – Miss Mellows
* The Woman with No Name (1950) – Sybil
* Young Wives' Tale (1951) – Mary Banning
* His Excellency (1952) – Lady Kirkman
* Castle in the Air (1952) – Boss Trent
* Three Cases of Murder (1955) – Lady Mountdrago ("Lord Mountdrago" segment)
* High Flight (1957) – Louise Dawson
* The Naked Edge (1961) – Miss Osborne
* The Devil's Agent (1962) – Countess Carla Cosimano
* Tomorrow at Ten (1963) – Robbie
* Delayed Flight (1964) – Helen Strickland
* Flipper's New Adventure (1964) – Julia
* The Charge of the Light Brigade (1968) – Lady Scarlett
* Hard Contract (1969) – Evelyn Carlson
* 11 Harrowhouse (1974) – Lady Anne Bolding
* Conduct Unbecoming (1975) – Mrs. Strang
* No Longer Alone (1976) – Miss Godfrey
* Flashpoint Africa (1980) – Mrs. Barraclough
* Clash of Loyalties (1983) – Lady Cox
* Nemesis (1987) – Miss Elizabeth Temple
* The Girl in a Swing (1988) – Lady Alice
* A Ghost in Monte Carlo (1990) – Mother Superior
# Seo Sang-hong

Seo Sang-hong (Korean: 서상홍; 1949 – 2 November 2024) was a South Korean lawyer and judge. He served as Chief Secretary of the Constitutional Court from 2005 to 2007.
Seo died on 2 November 2024, at the age of 75.
# Kirazlık, Pazar

Kirazlık (Laz: ბულეფი, romanized: Bulepi) is a neighbourhood of the town Pazar, Pazar District, Rize Province, northeastern Turkey. Its population is 4,568 (2021).

## History

According to list of villages in Laz language book (2009), name of the neighborhood is Bulep, which is derived from the word "mbulepi" and means "cherries". Most inhabitants of the neighbourhood are ethnically Laz.
# Red nucleus

The red nucleus or nucleus ruber is a structure in the rostral midbrain involved in motor coordination. The red nucleus is pale pink, which is believed to be due to the presence of iron in at least two different forms: hemoglobin and ferritin. The structure is located in the midbrain tegmentum next to the substantia nigra and comprises caudal magnocellular and rostral parvocellular components. The red nucleus and substantia nigra are subcortical centers of the extrapyramidal motor system.

## Function

In a vertebrate without a significant corticospinal tract, gait is mainly controlled by the red nucleus. However, in primates, where the corticospinal tract is dominant, the rubrospinal tract may be regarded as vestigial in motor function. Therefore, the red nucleus is less important in primates than in many other mammals. Nevertheless, the crawling of babies is controlled by the red nucleus, as is arm swinging in typical walking. The red nucleus may play an additional role in controlling muscles of the shoulder and upper arm via projections of its magnocellular part. In humans, the red nucleus also has limited control over hands, as the rubrospinal tract is more involved in large muscle movement such as that for the arms (but not for the legs, as the tract terminates in the superior thoracic region of the spinal cord). Fine control of the fingers is not modified by the functioning of the red nucleus but relies on the corticospinal tract. The majority of red nucleus axons do not project to the spinal cord but, via its parvocellular part, relay information from the motor cortex to the cerebellum through the inferior olivary complex, an important relay center in the medulla.

## Input and output

The red nucleus receives many inputs from the cerebellum (interposed nucleus and the lateral cerebellar nucleus) of the opposite side and an input from the motor cortex of the same side.
The red nucleus has two sets of efferents:
* In humans, the majority of the output goes to the bundle of fibers continues through the medial tegmental field toward the inferior olive of the same side, to form part of a pathway that ultimately influence the cerebellum.
* The other output (the rubrospinal projection) goes to the rhombencephalic reticular formation and spinal cord of the opposite side, making up the rubrospinal tract, which runs ventral to the lateral corticospinal tract. As stated earlier, the rubrospinal tract is more important in non-primate species: in primates, because of the well-developed cerebral cortex, the corticospinal tract has taken over the role of the rubrospinal.
# Sivaladapidae

Sivaladapidae is an extinct family of adapiform primates from Asia. They survived longer than any other adapiform primate because they were able to shift south as the climate cooled. Their remains date from the Eocene through the Miocene.

## Classification

* Family Sivaladapidae
** Subfamily Sivaladapinae
** Subfamily Hoanghoniinae
** Subfamily Anthradapinae
*** Genus Anthradapis
** incertae sedis
*** Genus Guangxilemur
*** Genus Kyitchaungia
*** Genus Laomaki
*** Genus Paukkaungia
*** Genus Ramadapis
*** Genus Siamoadapis
*** Genus Yunnanodapis
# Albert George Wilson

Minor planets discovered: 5 :
| 1620 Geographos | 14 September 1951 | list |
| 1915 Quetzálcoatl | 9 March 1953 | list |
| 1980 Tezcatlipoca | 19 June 1950 | list |
| 10000 Myriostos | 30 September 1951 | list |
| (118162) 1951 SX | 29 September 1951 | list |
| Co-discovery made with: $^A$ R. Minkowski $^B$ Å. A. E. Wallenquist |||
Albert George Wilson (July 28, 1918 – August 27, 2012) was an American astronomer and a discoverer of minor planets.
He was born in Houston, Texas. He received his Ph.D. in mathematics from Caltech in 1947; his thesis title was Axially Symmetric Thermal Stresses in a Semi-Infinite Solid advised by Harry Bateman.
In 1949, he accepted a job at Palomar Observatory, and led the Palomar Sky Survey. In 1953, he became assistant director of Lowell Observatory, and served as director from 1954 to 1957. He later worked at Rand Corporation and other private sector positions. In 1962, he became founding editor of the astronomical magazine Icarus. In 1966, he accepted the position of associate director of McDonnell-Douglas Corporation Advanced Research Laboratories (DARL), which he held from 1966 until 1972. Wilson then became an adjunct professor at USC, teaching courses in philosophy and science until his retirement. After retiring Wilson was associated with the Institute on Man and Science and the Institute of the Future, lecturing and consulting for both groups.
He discovered a number of asteroids, and also co-discovered the periodic comet 107P/Wilson–Harrington with Robert George Harrington. The object is also known as the minor planet 4015 Wilson–Harrington.
# Gmina Lubomierz

Gmina Lubomierz is an urban-rural gmina (administrative district) in Lwówek Śląski County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland. Its seat is the town of Lubomierz, which lies approximately 13 kilometres (8 mi) south-west of Lwówek Śląski, and 108 kilometres (67 mi) west of the regional capital Wrocław.
The gmina covers an area of 130.39 square kilometres (50.3 sq mi), and as of 2019 its total population is 6,192.

## Neighbouring gminas

Gmina Lubomierz is bordered by the gminas of Gryfów Śląski, Lwówek Śląski, Mirsk, Stara Kamienica and Wleń.

## Villages

Apart from the town of Lubomierz, the gmina contains the villages of Chmieleń, Golejów, Janice, Maciejowiec, Milęcice, Oleszna Podgórska, Pasiecznik, Pławna Dolna, Pławna Górna, Pokrzywnik, Popielówek, Radoniów and Wojciechów.

## Twin towns – sister cities

Gmina Lubomierz is twinned with:
* Mszana Dolna, Poland
* Tanvald, Czech Republic
* Terebovlia, Ukraine
* Wittichenau, Germany
* Zbarazh, Ukraine
# Kokorin

Kokorin (Russian: Коко́рин) is a Russian surname that may refer to:
* Aleksandr Kokorin (born 1991), Russian footballer
* Anton Kokorin (born 1987), Russian sprint athlete
* Nikolay Kokorin (1889–1917), Russian military aviator
# Calvin Howarth

Calvin Howarth (born 18 June 1976 in Auckland, New Zealand) is a New Zealand born former Scotland 'A' international rugby union player. He plays at Fly-half.
Howarth was selected for Scotland A on the basis of a four-year residency period and played in Scotland's match against Romania in 2002 to confirm his Scottish nationality. His older brother Shane Howarth represented both New Zealand and Wales.
He moved from New Zealand where he played for North Harbour to Scotland. Playing for Boroughmuir from 1998 he helped the team rise through the divisions and also won the BT Cellnet Cup in 2001 beating Melrose. He secured a place with professional district side Edinburgh in 2001.
He was loaned to Glasgow Warriors in March 2002 when their fly-half Barry Irving was injured, as cover for their Cook Islands international fly-half Tommy Hayes. This move became permanent for the 2002-03 season.
He stayed at Glasgow Warriors until 2006-07 season when he moved to Italian side Viadana and stayed there until 2009.
Now back in Auckland, New Zealand, Howarth is a real estate consultant.
# Alessandro Camisa

Alessandro Camisa (born 13 April 1985) is an Italian former professional footballer who played as a defender for Nardò.
He played 2 seasons (9 games, no goals) in the Serie A for Lecce.

## Biography

On 24 August 2012 he was signed by Vicenza. On 31 August 2015 he was sold back to Lecce. On 20 September 2016 he was signed by Serie D club Nardò.
# Sergei Nyukhalov

Sergei Vladimirovich Nyukhalov (Russian: Серге́й Владимирович Нюхалов; born 30 May 1986) is a former Russian professional football player.

## Club career

He played in the Russian Football National League for FC Chita in 2009.
# Ali Akbar Qasimi

Ali Akbar Qasimi (Dari: علی‌اکبر قاسمی) was elected to represent Ghazni province in Afghanistan's Wolesi Jirga, the lower house of its National Legislature, in 2005. He is a member of the Hazara ethnic group. He is a General in the Afghan National Army, and was a former commander of the 14th Division, which was garrisoned in Ghazni.
# Shapki

Shapki (Russian: Ша́пки) is the name of several rural localities in Russia:
* Shapki, Kirov Oblast, a village in Yumsky Rural Okrug of Svechinsky District in Kirov Oblast; 58°15′N 47°54′E﻿ / ﻿58.250°N 47.900°E﻿ / 58.250; 47.900
* Shapki, Leningrad Oblast, a settlement in Shapkinskoye Settlement Municipal Formation of Tosnensky District in Leningrad Oblast
* Shapki, Smolensk Oblast, a village in Klyarinovskoye Rural Settlement of Rudnyansky District in Smolensk Oblast
# Gaižiūnai Forest

The Gaižiūnai Forest (Lithuanian: Gaižiūnų miškai) is a forest in Jonava District Municipality and Kaišiadorys District Municipality, central Lithuania. It covers 290 km$^2$ area and it is the seventh largest forest in Lithuania. The KK143 highway passes through the forest.
Forest covers area in two municipalities and three elderships: Rukla Eldership and Šveicarija Eldership in Jonava District Municipality and Palomenė Eldership in Kaišiadorys District Municipality.
Rivers starting in and going through the Gaižiūnai forest: Ruklelė, Taurosta, Varpė, Laukysta, Lomena, Dumsė, Romatas, Šešuva, Želva, Garšas, Pravarta, Karčiupis, Praviena, Nizra, Nedėja.

## Deforestation

On 12 June 2019 Lithuanian parliament approved plans for Gaižiūnai forest deforestation in Rukla Eldership. Project affects 0.4395 km$^2$ that is going to be turned into military training camp for NATO forces that are currently residing in a nreaby town of Rukla.
# Shuricheh

Shuricheh (Persian: شوريچه), also rendered Shurijeh may refer to:
* Shuricheh-ye Olya
* Shuricheh-ye Sofla
* Shuricheh Rural District, an administrative division of Sarvestan County, Fars province, Iran
# Kalatrazan

Kalatrazan (Persian: کلاترزان) may refer to:
* Kalatrazan District
* Kalatrazan Rural District
# David Jamieson (rugby union)

David Jamieson (born in Scotland) is a Scottish former rugby union player who played for Glasgow Warriors at the tighthead prop position, although he can also play hooker.

## Rugby Union career
### Amateur career

Jamieson's rugby career spanned the amateur and professional era. In 1995 before professionalism was introduced in Scotland – Scotland would take up professional rugby a year later for the 1996–97 season – he was playing for West of Scotland. He subsequently signed for the Glasgow Warriors.
Whilst not involved with the professional provincial Glasgow side in the 1997–98 season, Jamieson played amateur rugby with Stirling County.
In 2000, he was back at West of Scotland and played at the opening of West's new stand at Burnbrae. However at the start of the 2000–01 season, following West's demotion to Division 2, he was one of 14 players that staged a walk-out of the club. He then signed for Ayr RFC.
By 2002, Jamieson was playing at Glasgow Hutchesons Aloysians. but they were also relegated to Division 2 in 2005.
In 2010, the prop was now playing at Falkirk RFC
By 2013, Jamieson was playing for the Grangemouth Stags. They played in the RBS Bowl Final against Oban Lorne that year.

### Professional and provincial career

In 1995 he was also being selected for the Under 21 Glasgow District side They won the Championship in 1995-96. By the end of 1995, Jamieson was on the bench for the full Glasgow District side.
Jamieson played for Glasgow in the 1997–98 season. He was on the bench in the pre-season friendly match against the Australian Super Rugby side Brumbies. He came on for Mike Beckham at Tighthead Prop.
In 1999 he was signed by Le Creusot-Montchainin, now Club Olympique Creusot Bourgogne.

### International career

He played for Scotland Under 21s against Ireland at Blackrock in 1996, and against France.
# Arachthos (river)

The Arachthos (Greek: Άραχθος) is a river in the eastern Epirus region of Greece. Its source is in the Pindus mountains, near the town Metsovo (Ioannina regional unit). The Arachthos is 110 km (68 mi) long and its drainage area is 2,209 km$^2$ (853 sq mi). Its upper course is known as Metsovitikos. From its confluence with the Dipotamos near the village of Batza it is called Arachthos. It flows towards the south, passing between the Athamanika and the Xerovouni mountains. Here it reaches the Plaka Bridge, the largest one-arch stone bridge in Greece. It enters the large Pournari Reservoir, in the Arta regional unit, which is about 18 km² and prevents flooding of the city of Arta and also supplies water to most of Epirus. The town of Peta is situated near the dam. Arta, about 8 km downstream of the dam, is the largest town on the river. Arta's historic landmark is the stone Bridge of Arta over the Arachthos. The river continues through the lowlands south of Arta, and finally empties into the Ambracian Gulf near Kommeno, 16 km southeast of Arta.
# The Tiger Woods Story

The Tiger Woods Story is a 1998 television film directed by LeVar Burton and starring Keith David and Khalil Kain. It was nominated for three Daytime Emmy Awards in 1999.

## Cast

* Keith David as Earl Woods
* Khalil Kain as Tiger Woods (age 21)
* Freda Foh Shen as Tida Woods
* Gary LeRoi Gray as Tiger Woods (age 9-13)
* John Cho as Jerry Chang
* Skyler Pierce as Infant Tiger Woods
* Ski Pierce as Infant Tiger Woods
# Aragua River

The Aragua River is a South America river in Aragua State, Venezuela. The river flows from the northern part of the state into the endorheic Lake Valencia, and is the lake's main tributary.

## Agriculture

The Aragua River irrigates a vast valley, enriching it with fertile deposits that make its soil one of the most fertile in the country. Sugarcane is the chief produce of the region, and potatoes have yielded high commercial returns. The valley is also known for crops like cacao, coffee, cotton, corn, rice, and tobacco.
# The Dissidents

The Dissidents (Estonian: Sangarid) is a 2017 Estonian comedy-action film directed by Jaak Kilmi. The film is about three young men escaping from Soviet Estonia to Sweden via Finland in the 1980s.

## Cast

* Märt Pius - Ralf
* Karl-Andreas Kalmet - Mario / Speculator
* Veiko Porkanen - Einar / Meathead
* Esko Salminen - Lars-Jukka Lampinen
* Julia Berngardt – Rita
* Henrik Kalmet - Mario's brother
* Tõnu Kark - Grandfather
* Ott Sepp - Hillbilly
* Kristjan Lüüs - Hillbilly
# Tengeri, Hungary

Tengeri (Croatian: Tengarin) is a village in Baranya county, Hungary.
# Her Body

Her Body (Czech: Její tělo) is a 2023 drama film directed by Natálie Císařovská. It is Císařovská's debut feature film. The film tells the story of Andrea Absolonová, who was a Czech diver and a member of the Czech high diving national team. She would later become an adult model and pornographic actress who died in 2004 at the age of 27.
The film was supported by the State Cinematography Fund and the SK Audiovisual Fund.

## Cast

* Natalia Germani as Andrea Absolonová
* Denisa Barešová as Lucie Absolonová
* Zuzana Mauréry as Absolonová's mother
* Martin Finger as Absolonová's father
* Zuzana Stivínová
* Cyril Dobrý
* Martina Mrakviová

## Release

Release of the film was for 16 November 2023. It is set to be released in 2 versions - censored for people 15+ years and uncensored for people 18+ years.
# The Big Heat (song)

"The Big Heat" is the debut solo single by American singer-songwriter Stan Ridgway, released in 1985 from his 1986 debut solo album The Big Heat. The song dates back to his time in Wall of Voodoo, and was performed live by the group in 1982.

## Formats and track listings

All songs written by Stan Ridgway, except where noted.

### European 7" single (ILSA 6296)

* "The Big Heat" – 4:32
* "Drive, She Said" – 4:35

### Australian 7" single (ILSA 12.6588)

* "The Big Heat" – 4:32
* "Pick It Up (And Put It in Your Pocket)" – 4:32

### Netherlands 12" single (ILSA 12.7025)

* "The Big Heat" – 4:33
* "Stormy Side of Town" – 5:01
* "Salesman" – 5:28

### UK 7" single (IRM 123)

* "The Big Heat" – 3:49 (remix)
* "Foggy River" (Fred Rose) – 4:20

### UK 12" single (IRMT 123)

* "The Big Heat" – 3:52 (remix)
* "Foggy River" (Fred Rose) – 4:20
* "Salesman" – 5:26

## Charts

| Chart (1985) | Peak position |
| UK Indie Chart | 13 |
| Chart (1987) | Peak position |
| Australian Singles Chart | 91 |
# Aslı Perker

Aslı E. Perker (1975, İzmir) is a Turkish journalist and writer.

## Biography

Aslı Perker was born in İzmir, Turkey in 1975. She graduated from Dokuz Eylül University with a degree in American Literature and Culture. After her university education, she worked in weekly magazine Aktüel Haber Dergisi; Turkish daily newspapers Radikal, Yeni Binyıl, Sabah; and as a freelance reporter and journalist in New York City. After returning to Istanbul in 2010, she worked as a columnist in Turkish daily newspapers including Milliyet, as a blogger and columnist on several online publications, and is currently the chief editor of Turkish publishing house Beyaz Baykus Yayinlari.

## Novels

Perker's novels include:
* Baskalarinin Kokusu (2005)
* Cellat Mezarligi (2009)
* Sufle (2011)
* Bana Yardim Et (2015)
* Vakit Hazan (2016)
* Flamingolar Pembedir (2018)
Sufle ('Soufflé') has been translated into several languages and published in many countries.
# Anna Azerli

Anna Azerli (born 17 November 1989) is a New Zealand-born Italian pop-opera singer and model.
Born in Wellington, New Zealand, Anna has Italian citizenship, and during her career she performed on well-known stages like La Scala, Metropolitan Opera, Carnegie Hall and then signed a contract with Universal Music.
In 2014, she became popular after recording a song in Russian titled «Возьмите меня замуж, президент!» (”Marry me, Mr. President!”) addressed to Russian president Vladimir Putin.
# Żejtun Batteries

The Żejtun Batteries (Maltese: Batteriji taż-Żejtun) were a series of artillery batteries in Żejtun, Malta, built by Maltese insurgents during the French blockade of 1798–1800. They were part of a chain of batteries, redoubts and entrenchments encircling the French positions in Marsamxett and the Grand Harbour.
At least six small batteries were built:
* Della Croce Battery: This was located close to the parish church.
* Tal-Caspio Batteries: These were two batteries located close to St. Clement's Church. They were armed with two 8-pounder cannon.
* Tal-Fax Batteries: These were three batteries located close to St. Gregory's Church. They guarded the road to Marsaskala.
The architect Michele Cachia had a leading role in the construction of the batteries.
The Żejtun Batteries, like the other French blockade fortifications, were probably demolished soon after the end of the blockade. No traces of any of the batteries has survived. However, a cannon used in one of the batteries still survives and is now found on the side of the Parish Church of the city, next to the Olive Tree Millennium Monument.