OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Cristina Spinei

Cristina Spinei (born February 29, 1984) is a Nashville-based American composer. She is best known for her work with ballet; she has been commissioned by the Nashville ballet, the New York Choreographic Institute, and the Pacific Northwest Ballet.

## Biography

Cristina Spinei was born in Connecticut and started playing piano by the age of 9. She graduated with bachelor's and master's degrees from the Juilliard School where she studied with Christopher Rouse. She has been called “one of the most talented young composers in America” by Grammy award-winning composer/conductor José Serebrier. Spinei is recipient of the Connecticut Commission on Culture and Tourism Grant for Composition, the Composer Assistance Award from the American Music Center, the Foundation for Contemporary Arts composition grant, the New York State Council on the Arts composition grant, and the Composition Award from the Arts Recognition and Talent Search.
Spinei's ballets and other compositions have been performed throughout the United States and internationally. She also Performs her own music, most notably with the Nashville Ballet in 2017, 2018, and 2020.
She is co-founder of Blind Ear Music, a New York-based group that combines new music with cutting-edge technology. Blind Ear has been featured at the World Technology Awards and on YouTube's weekly "Spotlight on Music" section. Blind Ear was cited as "the future of music" in an interview for BBC's World Today.
Spinei's first album, Music for Dance (Toccata Classics), made its debut in 2016. The Album was characterized by the critic Dean Frey as having a “strong lyrical streak with an open, folk-like feeling and a dollop of pop.”
Spinei's most recent project is her second full length album, Ex Voto. In February 2020, she performed pieces from the album new music venue National Sawdust in Brooklyn.
In addition to her own records, Spinei's music appears on the debut album of Trio Celeste, as well as on St. Michel Strings’ album Adagio, a record nominated for a Latin Grammy Award.

## Recent works

* Music for Dance (Toccata Classics) (2016)
* Ex Voto (2020)
# Gongcho Literary Award

The Gongcho Literary Award (Korean: 공초문학상) is a literary award established in 1993 by the Seoul Shinmun newspaper.

## Prizewinners

| # | Year | Winner | Work |
| 1 | 1993 | Lee Hyeonggi | |
| 2 | 1994 | Park Nam-su | 꿈의 물감 |
| 3 | 1995 | Hong Yun-Sook | 낙법 |
| 4 | 1996 | Kim Yeo-jeong | 호박덩이 |
| 5 | 1997 | Bak Je-cheon | 달항아리 |
| 6 | 1998 | Shin Kyeong-nim | 어머니와 할머니의 실루엣 |
| 7 | 1999 | Oh Sae-young | 집만이 집이 아니고 |
| 8 | 2000 | Hi Tan | 나무토막 |
| 9 | 2001 | Chyung Jinkyu | 순금(純金) |
| 10 | 2002 | Kim Jong-hae | 풀, 풀2 |
| 11 | 2003 | Kim Ji-ha | 절, 그 언저리 |
| 12 | 2004 | Chong Hyon-jong | 경청 |
| 13 | 2005 | Cheon Yang-hui | 마음의 달 |
| 14 | 2006 | Sung Chan-gyeong | 마음과 얼굴 |
| 15 | 2007 | Yi Suik | 오체투지 |
| 16 | 2008 | Cho Oh-hyun | 아지랑이 |
| 17 | 2009 | Shin Dal-ja | 헛 눈물 |
| 18 | 2010 | Lee Sungboo | 백비(白碑) |
| 19 | 2011 | Chung Ho-sung | 나는 아직 낙산사에 가지 못한다 |
| 20 | 2012 | Do Jong-hwan | 나무에 기대어 |
| 21 | 2013 | Yoo An-jin | 불타는 말의 기하학 |
| 22 | 2014 | Ko Un | 무제 시편 11 |
| 23 | 2015 | Kim Yun-hee | 오아시스의 거간꾼 |
| 24 | 2016 | Na Tae-joo | 돌멩이 |
| 25 | 2017 | Kim Hu-ran | 오아시스의 거간꾼 |
| 26 | 2018 | Kim Cho-hye | 멀고 먼 길 |
| 27 | 2019 | Yoo Ja-hyo | 거리 |
# Teaser (Angela Bofill album)

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
Teaser is the fifth studio album by American R&B singer Angela Bofill, released on October 27, 1983 by Arista Records. The album cover was credited to Mick Rock.

## Track listing

Side one
* "Special Delivery" (Jeffrey Cohen, Narada Michael Walden, Preston Glass)
* "Call of the Wild" (Richard Wolf, Wayne Perkins)
* "Nothin' But a Teaser" (Alan Glass, Narada Michael Walden, Preston Glass)
* "I'm on Your Side" (Angela Bofill, Jeffrey Cohen, Narada Michael Walden)
Side two
* "Penetration" (Jeffrey Cohen, Narada Michael Walden)
* "You're a Special Part of Me" featuring Johnny Mathis (Angela Bofill, Loree Gold)
* "Still a Thrill" (Preston Glass, Narada Michael Walden)
* "Gotta Make It Up to You" (Angela Bofill, Jeffrey Cohen, Narada Michael Walden)
* "Crazy for Him" (Ellen Schwartz, Loree Gold, Roger Bruno)

## Personnel

* Angela Bofill - lead and backing vocals
* Narada Michael Walden - drums, keyboards, percussion
* Jorge Bermudez - Percussion
* Michel Colombier, David Sancious - keyboards
* John Robinson - drums
* Randy Jackson, Abe Laboriel - bass guitar
* Corrado Rustici, David Williams - guitar
* Marc Russo - saxophone
* Frank Martin - vocoder
* Preston Glass - church bells
* Boni Boyer, Bunny Hull, Edward Hawkins, Jim Gilstrap, John Lehman, Linette Hawkins, Preston Glass, Tramaine Hawkins, Walter Hawkins - backing vocals
* Michael Gibbs - string arrangements

## Charts

| Year | Chart positions | Chart positions |
| Year | US | US R&B |
| 1983 | 81 | 20 |
# Taedonggang-guyok

Taedonggang-guyŏk (Korean: 대동강구역), or Taedong River District, is one of the 18 guyŏk, and one of the six that constitute East Pyongyang, North Korea. Taedonggang-guyŏk is on the eastern bank of the Taedong River, north of Tongdaewŏn-guyŏk and west of Sadong-guyŏk (Sadong District). It was established in January 1958.

## Administrative divisions

Taedonggang-guyŏk is divided into 25 tong (neighbourhoods):
* Ch'ŏngryu 1-dong 청류 1동 (淸流 1洞)
* Ch'ŏngryu 2-dong 청류 2동 (淸流 2洞)
* Ch'ŏngryu 3-dong 청류 3동 (淸流 3洞)
* Munhŭng 1-dong 문흥 1동 (文興 1洞)
* Munhŭng 2-dong 문흥 2동 (文興 2洞)
* Munsu 1-dong 문수 1동 (紋繡 1洞)
* Munsu 2-dong 문수 2동 (紋繡 2洞)
* Munsu 3-dong 문수 3동 (紋繡 3洞)
* Puksu-dong 북수동 (北繡洞)
* Ongryu 1-dong 옥류 1동 (玉流 1洞)
* Ongryu 2-dong 옥류 2동 (玉流 2洞)
* Ongryu 3-dong 옥류 3동 (玉流 3洞)
* Rŭngra 1-dong 릉라 1동 (綾羅 1洞)
* Rŭngra 2-dong 릉라 2동 (綾羅 2洞)
* Sagok 1-dong 사곡 1동 (四谷 1洞)
* Sagok 2-dong 사곡 2동 (四谷 2洞)
* Soryong 1-dong 소룡 1동 (小龍 1洞)
* Soryong 2-dong 소룡 2동 (小龍 2洞)
* Taedonggang-dong 대동강동 (大洞江洞)
* Tongmun 1-dong 동문 1동 (東門 1洞)
* Tongmun 2-dong 동문 2동 (東門 2洞)
* T'apchŏ 1-dong 탑제 1동
* T'apchŏ 2-dong 탑제 2동
* T'apchŏ 3-dong 탑제 3동
* Ŭi'am-dong 의암동 (衣岩洞)

## Landmarks

It is home to the Pyongyang University of Music and Dance.
It is connected to Chung-guyok by the Okryu Bridge, and to Rungra Island and Moranbong-guyok by the Rungra Bridge.
# Kiryu

Kiryū or Kiryu may refer to:

## People

* Yoshihide Kiryū (born 1995), Japanese track and field sprinter
* Kiryu Coco, a Japanese Virtual YouTuber formerly associated with hololive

## Places

* Kiryū, Gunma, a city in Gunma Prefecture, Japan

## Fictional characters

* Kazuma Kiryu, protagonist of the Yakuza video game series
* Kiryu family, characters from the Fatal Frame / Project Zero video game series
* Yūzuki Kiryū, a character in the Kissxsis manga and anime
* Yoshiya Kiryū (also called Joshua), a character in the video game The World Ends with You
* Mimori Kiryu, a character from s-CRY-ed
* Zero and Ichiru Kiryu, characters from Vampire Knight
* Kiryu, another name for the third Mechagodzilla character in the Japanese Godzilla franchise
* Kiryu Kyosuke, or Kalin Kessler, a character from Yu-Gi-Oh! 5D's
* Kiryū Moeka, a character from the visual novel Steins;Gate
* Sento Kiryu, protagonist of the Kamen Rider Build
* Wakatsu Kiryū, a character from Haikyuu!!

## Other

* Kiryū (己龍), a Japanese visual kei band
* 6275 Kiryu, an asteroid
# Hospital pass

"Hospital pass" is a term used in various football codes, including Australian rules football, American football, rugby league, and rugby union, to describe a pass that subjects the recipient to heavy contact, usually unavoidable, from an opposing player — the expression implying that the recipient of the pass could end up in hospital. The term has also been applied to similar passes between teammates in other sports including ice hockey, lacrosse, and ultimate. However, in ice hockey, a play leading to a hospital pass is typically described as a suicide pass.
The phrase hospital pass is now used metaphorically outside of sports.

## Rugby league and rugby union

A hospital pass is usually made in an attempt to avoid being tackled. The pass is often made under pressure and without considering the situation of the receiver, who is often stationary and thus presents an easy target. Alternatively, the passer is under little pressure but misreads the play and passes to a player who is already heavily marked and has little time to avoid contact.

## Australian rules football

To be considered a hospital pass, the ball is passed with minimal accuracy or timing and likely to result in injury to the receiver due to heavy contact. Hospital passes are typically made by handballing or kicking the ball towards a teammate in a high, looping trajectory or very slowly across the ground. This can enable opponents to contest for possession, resulting in heavy contact that is often, but not always, legitimate. The high, lobbed pass is considered particularly undesirable, because it gives opponents the chance to make very strong tackles, and, as it requires the catcher to raise their arms above their head, leaves their torso unprotected.

## American football

One play in American football that often results in a "hospital pass" is a pass thrown high to a receiver, generally one that is running sideways rather than running downfield. The receiver is forced to jump while running at full speed to catch the ball. A defender coming the other way, attempting to tackle the receiver, can cause a collision where both players are moving at full speed and the receiver is unable to move out of the way.

## Metaphorical usage

* Cricket: "...when Steve Waugh...handed over the captaincy to Ricky Ponting, he sent down one of sport's great hospital passes."
* Business: "Fyfe denies he was thrown 'hospital pass' "
* Politics: "The big Brown hospital pass..."
* Law: the term is used by barristers to denote a complex or difficult case passed on by a colleague, usually at short notice.
* Brexit: "Ireland is not going to be given a hospital pass."
# Soltan-Ali Mirza

Soltan-Ali Mirza (Persian: سلطانعلی میرزا) was the ruler of the Kar-Kiya dynasty from 1478 to 1504/05. Under him, the dynasty reached its apex of power, to such a degree that he fought against the Aq Qoyunlu over the rulership of Qazvin.
Due to several fruitless and taxing expeditions in Bia-pas (western Gilan), he was overthrown by his brother Soltan-Hasan in 1504/5. In 1506, during Soltan-Ali Mirza's attempt to regain the throne, but he and Soltan-Hasan were killed. The throne was shortly taken by Soltan-Hasan's son Soltan-Ahmad, who had previously resided at the court of the Safavid ruler Ismail I.
The cultural prosperity during Soltan-Ali Mirza's ruled is demonstrated by the production of the "Big Head Shahnama" in 1493/94.
# Jarqavieh

Jarqavieh (Persian: جرقویه) may refer to:
* Jarqavieh County, an administrative division of Isfahan province, Iran
* Jarqavieh Olya (disambiguation)
* Jarqavieh Sofla (disambiguation)
* Jarqavieh Vosta Rural District, an administrative division of Jarqavieh County, Iran
# Bipolaris sacchari

Bipolaris sacchari is a fungal plant pathogen in the family Pleosporaceae.
Bipolaris sacchari is an ascomycete fungal pathogen most notably affecting sugarcane. In its sexual stage, it produces spores housed in an ascus (a sac, usually with 8 spores inside). The spores are dispersed when the sac bursts. They spread to plant surfaces via wind and rain splashes, and if there is water present on the leaf, they may germinate and produce septate, walled hyphae on the surface of the leaf. These in turn asexually produce conidia that spread and further propagate the disease.

## Hosts

This pathogen affects sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) and close relatives; a few members of Poaceae as well: citronella (Cymbopogan citratus), elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum), pearl millet (Pennisetun glaucum) and barnyard grass (Echinochloa).
This fungus takes most of its economic notoriety for the yield losses sustained to sugarcane in commercial agriculture. Bipolaris sacchari produces host-specific toxins, namely oligosaccharide-sesquiterpene toxins that bind helminthosporoside. It is toxic because when within the substance of the plant, it reacts to create an abundance of nitrites. Different iterations of these toxins are specific to hosts; while sugarcane is the most economically significant, eye spot has been recorded on ferns in Florida, wheat in Iran, and banana in Brazil.

## Symptoms

Early in the progression of the disease, minute watery spots may be observed on plants. Crops that are six or more months old are more susceptible—younger leaves will most likely be affected first. As the disease progresses, reddish spots with yellow margins on leaves become visible. Extending from each spot are brownish streaks, called ‘runners’. These are thought to be caused by the spread of the toxin. Spots may merge as they increase in number and result in necrosis. Seedling blights may also occur.

## Management

Plant resistant varieties—most commercial varieties are already resistant, with no genetic modification. Q47 is one of these resistant varieties; conversely, varieties Q99 and Q101 are very susceptible.
Depending on severity, foliar applications of fungicide (2% copper oxychloride) may be used but are not practical because resistant varieties are common and garner just as much yield and quality.
In Mexico, a 33% yield loss was noted when a field of a susceptible variety having eye spot was compared with a field of a resistant variety. These losses can be avoided in large commercial agriculture by ensuring precision in management practices.
Over-fertilization is beneficial to the pathogen as it can use the excess nitrogen that the crop does not absorb.

## Environment

Bipolaris sacchari occurs all around the world. Because it is an ascomycete, it needs a film of water through which to continue disease progress. Temperate climates at elevation can encourage the conditions this pathogen finds favorable. Several days of heavy morning dew or rain may accelerate the disease progress. It likes moist, humid areas, and thrives with cooler night temperatures—these encourage production of the toxin.
# Reynell Coates

Reynell Coates (December 10, 1802 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania – April 27, 1886 in Camden, New Jersey) was an American physician, scientist, teacher, poet and politician.
Reynell Coates was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, the youngest son of philanthropist Samuel (1748–1830) and Amy (née Hornor) Coates, and grandson of Samuel and Mary (Langdale) Coates. At an early age, he became proficient in mathematics and languages, and studied medicine and surgery at Pennsylvania Hospital, where at age fifteen he became an apprentice of Dr. Benjamin Rush. He was graduated from the medical department of the University of Pennsylvania in 1823 with a thesis on "Fractures of Inferior Extremities", and became resident physician at the hospital. The same year he voyaged to India as a ship's surgeon and made an extended entomological tour. In 1829 he accepted the chair of natural sciences at Allegheny College. Joining the U.S. Navy as surgeon, he made during a cruise a collection that furnished the material for a large volume. He was a member of the scientific corps of the first South Sea expedition under Commodore Thomas ap Catesby Jones in 1835–36, and had charge of the department of comparative anatomy, but left the service on the return of the expedition.

## Politics

He was also active in politics. He was the author of the national address of the Native American Party in 1844, and the originator of the Patriotic Order Sons of America December 10, 1847, and wrote its ritual. In the national election of 1852 he was the candidate of the Native American Party for vice-president of the United States, on the ticket with Jacob Broom, for president.

## Medical and scientific contributions

Coates contributed voluminously to various medical and scientific journals, many of them being translated into the French, German, Spanish and Italian languages. He published Physiology for Schools (1840)—the first work of its kind—and Natural Philosophy for Schools (1845); besides other works. He wrote a monograph on "Hereditary Haemorrhage".

## Literary contributions

He was the editor of Graham's Magazine and contributed to the other literary journals of the time, both in prose and in verse. From 1845, he edited Leaflets of Memory: An Illuminated Annual, an annual illustrated collection of short stories and verse, of which eleven volumes are known. Of his poems "The Gambler's Wife" (1846), "Christian Charity" and "The Drunkard's Child" were best known.

## Family

He was married on December 5, 1827, to Margaretta, daughter of William Abbott of New Jersey, and his only child died in infancy. In 1845, after the death of his wife and child, Coates moved to Camden, New Jersey, where he died in 1886. He was buried in Upper Darby Township, Pennsylvania.
# Congazcicul de Sus

46°20′0″N 28°33′59″E﻿ / ﻿46.33333°N 28.56639°E﻿ / 46.33333; 28.56639 Congazcicul de Sus (Gagauz: Kongazçık Yukarkı) is a commune in the Gagauz Autonomous Territorial Unit of the Republic of Moldova. It is composed of three villages: Congazcicul de Jos (Kongazçık Aşaakı), Congazcicul de Sus (Kongazçık Yukarkı) and Dudulești (Duduleşt).

## Population

* Total: 1480
* Gagauz: 1445
* Minorities: 363 Moldovans, 96 Bulgarians, 35 Russians, and 26 Ukrainians
# George Benjamin Arnold

George Benjamin Arnold (1832–1902) was an English organist and musical composer.

## Biography

Arnold was born on 22 December 1832 at Petworth, Sussex, the son of George Frederick Arnold, organist of the parish church there, and his wife Mary. He was articled to George William Chard, the organist of Winchester Cathedral, in 1849, and on Chard's death the articles were transferred to his successor, Samuel Sebastian Wesley. Arnold was organist successively at St. Columba's College, Rathfarnham, near Dublin (1852), St. Mary's Church, Torquay (1856), and New College, Oxford (1860–69).
Arnold graduated Mus. Bac. at Oxford in 1853 and Mus. Doc. in 1860. In 1865 he succeeded Wesley at Winchester Cathedral, retaining the post for the rest of his life. He was a fellow of the College of Organists, acting as an examiner for that body. He died at Winchester on 31 January 1902, and was buried there. He married on 6 June 1867 Mary Lucy Roberts, who survived him with three sons and a daughter. An alabaster tablet to his memory, with a quotation from one of his works, was placed in the north transept of the cathedral in 1904.
Arnold, whose sympathies were with Bach and his school, was a composer, chiefly of church music. His published compositions include a national song, Old England (1854); an oratorio, Ahab, produced by the National Choral Society at Exeter Hall (1864); Sennacherib, a sacred cantata, produced at the Gloucester Festival of 1883; The Song of the Redeemed, written for and produced at St. James's Church, New York (1891); An orchestral introduction and chorus in praise of King Alfred, performed at the inauguration of the Alfred Memorial at Winchester in 1901, besides two motets, two psalms, anthems, part songs, and two sonatas.
# Svetlana Agapitova

Svetlana Yurevna Agapitova (Russian: Светлана Юрьевна Агапитова; born February 8, 1964) is a Russian human rights activist, social and political activist.
Born on February 8, 1964, in Leningrad. She graduated from the journalism faculty of Leningrad State University in 1986. In 2012 she received a degree in law, graduated from the Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration under the President of the Russian Federation.
In 1989 she became a founder of information and advertising agency IMA-PRESS. Since 1991, she worked in Petersburg – Channel 5. On Channel Russia 1 led program of family and childhood.
December 23, 2009 entered the office of the Ombudsman of the child in St. Petersburg. January 21, 2015 re-elected the Commissioner for Children's Rights in St. Petersburg.
On December 1, 2021, she was elected Commissioner for Human Rights in St. Petersburg, replacing Alexander Shishlov.
Married, four children.
She has been repeatedly accused by Russian Orthodox activists of promoting abortion, homosexuality and sodomy.
# Craig H. Russell

Craig H. Russell (born April 3, 1951) is an American composer of classical music.
Russell was educated at the University of New Mexico and then the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, and began a career both as a classical guitarist and as a composer of classical music, in which he follows in the stylistic footsteps of Aaron Copland. He has also been associated with the vocal ensemble, Chanticleer, as well as holding a professorship at California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo.
Russell composed Middle Earth, a suite after J. R. R. Tolkien's The Hobbit and The Lord of the Rings, for the San Luis Obispo Youth Symphony. Commissioned in 1995, a recording was released on disk in 2000 by the San Luis Obispo Symphony, together with his Rhapsody for Horn and Orchestra, and the second movement of his Symphony No. 2 ("American Scenes"). He also arranged three compositions for the 2006 film Nacho Libre, which were performed by Chanticleer.

## Discography

* Russell, Craig. Rhapsody for Horn and Orchestra; Middle Earth; Gate City—A Methodist Hymn. Richard Todd, horn; San Luis Obispo Symphony Orchestra. Michael Nowak, cond. Naxos American Classics CD 8.559168.
# Piet Fourie

Petrus "Piet" Johannes Fourie ((1842-06-20)20 June 1842 – 23 May 1916(1916-05-23) (aged 73)) was a Boer general for the Orange Free State in the Anglo-Boer War (1899–1902) in South Africa. He should not be confused with his Boer colleagues generals Joachim Christoffel Fourie (1845–1900) and Christiaan Ernst Fourie (1858–1943).

## Family

Fourie was the eldest son of Louis Jacobus Fourie (Uitenhage, Port Elizabeth, Eastern Cape, South Africa, 27 January 1814 – Vet River, Winburg, 28 June 1856) and Maria Magdalena (Magdalina) Pieterse(n) (3 September 1815 – Rustfontein, Bloemfontein, Free State, South Africa, 2 July 1868), among in total two daughters and two sons. He married Maria Magdalena van Tonder (Ladismith, Western Cape, 17 March 1850 – Dewetsdorp, Free State, 16 April 1940), and had four sons and one daughter by her.

## Early years

Fourie was born in the Cape Colony but moved at a young age to the Orange Free State. He fought in the Free State–Basotho Wars and had a prosperous farm near Bloemfontein, where he was a justice of the peace.

## Second Boer War

After the outbreak of the war in October 1899 Fourie became the commander of the Bloemfontein Commando and fought all the major battles at the western front. After the capture of Bloemfontein by the British on 13 March 1900 Fourie participated in the Boer victory at Sanna's Post (31 March 1900), the failed attack on British positions at Jammersberg Drift (9 April 1900), the failure to stop the British advance in the Battle of Sand River southwest of Kroonstad (10 May 1900), and again a victory at Rooiwal (Roodewal) Station (7 June 1900), under the overall command of Christiaan de Wet.
To retaliate and to deter further Boer resistance British Commander-in-Chief Roberts dynamited De Wet's farm Roodepoort on 16 June. Afterwards Fourie visited the site with general Stoffel Froneman and De Wet himself. At the end of July, Fourie escaped from the Brandwater Basin with 1500 men, where Marthinus Prinsloo surrendered soon after on 30 July with more than 4000 remaining Boer troops. In August 1900 Fourie was promoted to Assistant Chief Commander for the districts of Bloemfontein, Smithfield, Rouxville and Wepener. In December 1900 he broke the British line of blockhouses at Sprinkaansnek.
In February 1901 De Wet sent his generals Froneman and Fourie with many troops east of the Cape Town-Bloemfontein railway line to mislead the British. De Wet and his smaller unit crossed the Orange River at Sand Drift, 60 kilometres west of the railway and marched into the Cape Colony.
In July 1901 De Wet and general De la Rey stripped Fourie of his rank because of his stated desire to surrender to the British. Subsequently, he was imprisoned on his own farm. However, he changed heart later, was pardoned and joined Christiaan de Wet's troops again, but no more as a general.