OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Pretor, Resen

Pretor (Macedonian: Претор) is a village in the Resen Municipality of North Macedonia, on the northeastern shore of Lake Prespa. It is over 13 kilometres (8.1 mi) south of the municipal centre of Resen.

## History

Pretor's oldest church, St Sava, is dated from the 14th century.

## Demographics

According to the statistics of Bulgarian ethnographer Vasil Kanchov from 1900 the settlement is recorded as "Pretorče" and as having 138 inhabitants, all Bulgarian Exarchists. Pretor has 142 inhabitants as of the most recent census of 2002. The majority ethnic group in the village has been the Macedonians.
| Ethnic group | census 1961 | census 1961 | census 1971 | census 1971 | census 1981 | census 1981 | census 1991 | census 1991 | census 1994 | census 1994 | census 2002 | census 2002 |
| Ethnic group | Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | Number | % |
| Macedonians | 218 | 99.1 | 234 | 100 | 185 | 97.4 | 170 | 97.4 | 149 | 97.3 | 138 | 97.1 |
| others | 2 | 0.9 | 0 | 0.0 | 5 | 2.6 | 4 | 2.6 | 4 | 2.7 | 4 | 2.9 |
| Total | 220 | 220 | 234 | 234 | 190 | 190 | 174 | 174 | 153 | 153 | 142 | 142 |

## People from Pretor

* Pande Eftimov (1932 - 2017), poet and journalist
* Pande Sudžov (1882 - 1927), member of the Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization
# Cham Chareh

Cham Chareh or Cham Chara (Persian: چم چره) may refer to:
* Cham Chareh 1
* Cham Chareh 2
* Cham Chareh 3
# Convention of Kuçi

The Convention of Kuçi (Albanian: Kuvendi i Kuçit) was an interregional assembly held on July 14–15, 1614, in the area of the Kuçi tribe in the region of Malësia in modern northernmost Albania and Montenegro. A second assembly was held on September 8, 1614, which reaffirmed the decisions of the July assembly and also had an enlarged participation. Of the 44 representatives of the first assembly, almost all were from the Albanian tribes and the tribes of Montenegro. Several representatives of tribes are mentioned in the reports of the decisions of the assembly like Gjergj Bardhi from Mirdita and Gjin Gjergji from Dukagjin.
The second assembly also included representatives from Bosnia, Herzegovina, Serbia, Bulgaria, Macedonia and Dalmatia. For this reason, in Albanian historiography it is described as a pan-Balkan assembly.
In both assemblies one its chief organizers was Lale Drekalov (Lala Drekali) head of the tribe of Kuçi The goal of the assembly was to gain aid from the Papacy and Duke of Parma in the struggle against Ottoman rule. A Venetian diplomat from nearby Kotor, Mariano Bolizza was present in the assemblies. The assembly sent Giovanni Renesi in Italy to present the plan to the Papacy and the Duke of Parma. The assembly tried like the previous Convention of Mat and Convention of Dukagjin to seek help from the Pope, and though promises were made from the European powers, no help arrived. Later on, more revolts would take place.
# Al-Musta'in (disambiguation)

Al-Musta'in Billah (Arabic: المستعين بالله, romanized: al-Mustaʿīn bi-ʿllāh, lit. 'He who looks for help to God') was the regnal name of the twelfth Abbasid Caliph ruling from 862 to 866.
The title was also used by:
* Sulayman ibn al-Hakam, the fifth caliph of Córdoba (1009–1010, 1013–1016)
* Al-Musta'in I, the first Hudid ruler of Zaragoza (1039–1046/1049)
* Al-Musta'in II, the fourth Hudid ruler of Zaragoza (1085–1110)
* Al-Musta'in (Cairo), the tenth Caliph of Cairo (1406–1414)
* Abu Nasr Sa'd of Granada, the twentieth sultan of Granada (1455–1462, 1462–1464)
* Abdullah of Pahang, (born 1959) also known as Al-Sultan Abdullah Ri'ayatuddin Al-Mustafa Billah Shah ibni Almarhum Sultan Haji Ahmad Shah Al-Musta'in Billah is the Malaysian Sultan of Pahang.
# International Poetry Festival "Days of Naim"

The International Poetry Festival "Days of Naim" (Albanian: Festivali Ndërkombëtar i Poezisë "Ditët e Naimit") is a cultural event held in Tetovo, North Macedonia, gathering poets, writers, and artists from various parts of the world. This festival, held annually, is named in honor of Naim Frashëri, one of the greatest figures of Albanian literature and the Albanian National Renaissance.
"Days of Naim" began in 1996 and has since continued to grow and evolve, gaining international recognition. The festival is organized by the Association of Albanian Artists and Writers "Days of Naim" and is supported by various cultural and governmental institutions, as well as private sponsors.

## Laureates

* Abdellatif Laabi
* Basri Çapriqi
* Dražen Katunarić
* Ewa Lipska
* Fiona Sampson
* Kama Sywor Kamanda
* Krystyna Lenkowska
* Lidija Dimkovska
* Ndue Ukaj
* Nicole Cage-Florentiny
* Tua Forsström
# Clifford Harrison

Clifford "Cliff" Harrison (October 30, 1927 – December 15, 1988) was an American ice hockey player who competed in the Olympic games in 1952. He was a member of the national team that won the silver medal in Oslo. He was born in Walpole, Massachusetts. He attended Dartmouth College.

## Awards and honors

| Award | Year |
| AHCA First Team All-American | 1950–51 |
# Literary League Association

The Literary League Association (Arabic: جمعية الرابطة الأدبية) was a political and cultural organization in Iraq. The party was founded in Najaf in 1932. Its president was Sheikh Mohammed Ali Al-Yacubi. The Association was particularly active during the May 1941 revolution.
# Kukushkin

Kukushkin (Russian: Кукушкин, from кукушка meaning cuckoo) is a Russian masculine surname, its feminine counterpart is Kukushkina. It may refer to
* Anna Kukushkina (born 1992), Russian sprinter
* Mikhail Kukushkin (born 1987), Kazakhstani tennis player
* Vsevolod Kukushkin (born 1942), Soviet journalist, writer and ice hockey administrator
# Sayram District

Sayram (Kazakh: Сайрам ауданы, Sairam audany) is a district of Turkistan Region in southern Kazakhstan. The administrative center of the district is the selo of Aksukent [ru]. The historic city of Sayram is located in this district, and gives it its name. Population: 311,155 (2013 estimate); 281,898 (2009 Census results); 212,929 (1999 Census results).
# Keio Girls Senior High School

Keio Girls Senior High School (慶應義塾女子高等学校, Keiō Gijuku Joshi Kōtō Gakkō) is a senior high school for girls in Mita, Minato, Tokyo.

## Overview

Affiliated with Keio University, it is on the grounds of a previous residence of Tokugawa Ieyasu. An annex facility was constructed in 2014.

## Notable alumnae

* Chiaki Mukai, Astronaut
* Kiyoko Okabe, Supreme Court Justice
* Yasuko Komiyama, Politician
* Ayuko Kato, Politician
* Kazuyo Katsuma, Businesswoman
* Mariko Asabuki, Writer
* Ayaka Hironaka, TV Asahi Announcer
* Emi Ikehata, Actress
* Misako Konno, Actress
* Yuki Shibamoto, Actress
* Karin Miyawaki, Fencer
# Poduthol

Poduthol (Malayalam: പൊടുത്തോല്‍) is a South Indian North Malabar side dish. It is generally served with cooked rice at lunch and dinner. It is customarily served in celebration of weddings and other ceremonies.

## Method of cooking

The first step in cooking poduthol is finely chopping vegetables, including cabbage, beans, unripe jackfruit, carrot, unripe banana, yardlong bean, bittergourd, whitespot giant arum and leaves such as green or red cheera, Moringa oleifera, Ipomoea aquatica and Sesbania grandiflora. These finely chopped leaves and vegetables are combined with turmeric powder, chili powder, sliced onion and grated coconut. The mixture is put in a hot pan and stirred until fully cooked. After cooking, curry leaves and mustard seeds fried in coconut oil are poured over it along with cloves of garlic.
# 2014 Marist Red Foxes football team

The 2014 Marist Red Foxes football team represented Marist College as a member of the Pioneer Football League (PFL) during the 2014 NCAA Division I FCS football season. Led by 23rd-year head coach Jim Parady, the Red Foxes compiled an overall record of 4–7 with a mark of 4–4 in conference play, tying for fifth place in the PFL. Marist played home games at Tenney Stadium at Leonidoff Field in Poughkeepsie, New York.

## Schedule

| Date | Time | Opponent | Site | TV | Result | Attendance |
| August 30 | 6:00 pm | at Sacred Heart* | Campus FieldFairfield, CT | | L 7–28 | 3,500 |
| September 6 | 6:00 pm | Bucknell* | Tenney Stadium at Leonidoff FieldPoughkeepsie, NY | RFN | L 0–22 | 2,313 |
| September 13 | 6:00 pm | Georgetown* | Tenney Stadium at Leonidoff FieldPoughkeepsie, NY | RFN | L 7–27 | 1,824 |
| September 20 | 2:00 pm | at Drake | Drake StadiumDes Moines, IA | | L 6–21 | 3,354 |
| September 27 | 1:00 pm | San Diego | Tenney Stadium at Leonidoff FieldPoughkeepsie, NY | RFN | L 16–20 | 3,215 |
| October 4 | 1:00 pm | at Valparaiso | Brown FieldValparaiso, IN | | W 35–7 | 1,512 |
| October 11 | 12:00 pm | Dayton | Tenney Stadium at Leonidoff FieldPoughkeepsie, NY | RFN | L 21–31 | 1,778 |
| October 25 | 12:00 pm | Campbell | Tenney Stadium at Leonidoff FieldPoughkeepsie, NY | RFN | W 27–20 | 1,278 |
| November 1 | 12:00 pm | Jacksonville | Tenney Stadium at Leonidoff FieldPoughkeepsie, NY | RFN | W 17–16 | 914 |
| November 8 | 3:00 pm | at Stetson | Spec Martin StadiumDeLand, FL | | L 14–22 | 4,265 |
| November 15 | 1:00 pm | Davidson | Tenney Stadium at Leonidoff FieldPoughkeepsie, NY | RFN | W 38–7 | 1,517 |
| *Non-conference gameHomecomingAll times are in Eastern time ||||||||
# Curtis F. Shoup

Curtis F. Shoup (January 11, 1921 – January 7, 1945) received the Medal of Honor for acts of bravery near Tillet in Belgium (now a deelgemeente of Sainte-Ode) on January 7, 1945. He was a graduate of Oswego High School in Oswego, New York. He is buried in North Scriba Union Cemetery in Scriba, New York and his grave can be found in Lot 290, which is in the 3rd row from the entrance driveway, 14th headstone from the public highway (North Road, also known as County Route 1). GPS coordinates: Datum WGS84, 43° 29' 18.9" N, 76° 23' 30.5" W
Shoup joined the army from Buffalo, New York in August 1942.

## Medal of Honor citation

Staff Sergeant, U.S. Army, Company I, 346th Infantry, 87th Infantry Division. Entered service at: Buffalo, NY Birth: Napenoch, N.Y. Place and date: Near Tillet, Belgium, January 7, 1945. G.O. No.: 60, July 25, 1945.
Citation:
   On January 7, 1945, near Tillet, Belgium, his company attacked German troops on rising ground. Intense hostile machinegun fire pinned down and threatened to annihilate the American unit in an exposed position where frozen ground made it impossible to dig in for protection. Heavy mortar and artillery fire from enemy batteries was added to the storm of destruction falling on the Americans. Realizing that the machinegun must be silenced at all costs, S/Sgt. Shoup, armed with an automatic rifle, crawled to within 75 yards of the enemy emplacement. He found that his fire was ineffective from this position, and completely disregarding his own safety, stood up and grimly strode ahead into the murderous stream of bullets, firing his low-held weapon as he went. He was hit several times and finally was knocked to the ground. But he struggled to his feet and staggered forward until close enough to hurl a grenade, wiping out the enemy machinegun nest with his dying action. By his heroism, fearless determination, and supreme sacrifice, S/Sgt. Shoup eliminated a hostile weapon which threatened to destroy his company and turned a desperate situation into victory.

## Namesake

The USNS Sgt. Curtis F. Shoup (T-AG-175) was named in his honor.
# Yaakov Moshe Kulefsky

Rabbi Yaakov Moshe Kulefsky (December 14, 1925 - November 30, 2000) was an American-born rabbi and teacher. He served as both dean and rosh yeshiva at Yeshivas Ner Yisroel for decades, until the last year of his life.

## Early life

His parents, Raphael Nisan Shlomo (Nathan) and Rachel (Rose), had a business in Chicago, where he was born. The family moved to St. Louis for a better opportunity. This "opportunity" did not include a better Jewish education, and at age 15 he was sent to study in Chicago's Beis Medrash L'Torah, specifically to learn from Dovid Lifshitz. Three years later he transferred to Mesivta Torah V'Daas. Despite his yeshiva rabbinical student status, he was drafted into the United States Army August 1944.
While on leave during his training period mid-week, he spent time in a Jewish book store frequented by his future father-in-law. He was discharged in early 1946. He married Sarah Gartenhouse on June 18, 1947. Through 1954, he studied at Bais Medrash Elyon, in Monsey, at which time, with the help of a cousin already at Yeshiva Ner Yisroel, he accepted a teaching position.

## Teacher

A student, asking his teacher, Kulefsky, how he remembered so many details connected with so many topics he taught, was told: "Do you remember how many children you have? Do you remember their names?"$^{:p.185}$ His teaching role began while in the U.S. Army; when given a Shabbos off, he'd walk miles from his training base to Yeshiva Torah Vodaas and lecture.$^{:p.56}$

## Dean, Ner Yisroel

He also was involved with the testing process for rabbinical ordination at Ner Yisroel.
When the school was able to accept students permitted to leave Iran,$^{:pp.291–294}$ he "became almost like a surrogate parent to them." Kulefsky served as the rosh yeshiva from Rabbi Weinberg's death in 1999 until his own death on November 30, 2000.
Yissocher Frand compared how his personality was able to "transmit to literally thousands of talmidim" because his method was like giving "a baby its first lollypop" leading to many a life-long connection.
An example of his being gentle was when a student asked for permission to skip part of a day in yeshiva to attend an out-of-town wedding. When Rabbi Kulefsky delayed a direct yes or no, the student asked, "So is it OK?" and was told, "I can't tell you whether it's OK for you to go. I have enough problems worrying about my Bitul Torah; I can't speak for yours."
Some of his teachings were encapsulated in "Chidushei Rav Kulefsky."

## Personal

Rabbi Kulefsky was a first born only son; he had 3 sisters. He and his wife of 53 years had two sons and three daughters.
# Bazneshin

Bazneshin (Persian: بازنشين) may refer to:
* Bazneshin-e Olya
* Bazneshin-e Sofla
# Toulouges

Toulouges (French pronunciation: ; Catalan: Toluges,) is a commune in the Pyrénées-Orientales department in southern France.

## Geography

Toulouges is located between Thuir and Perpignan, in the canton of Perpignan-6 and in the arrondissement of Perpignan.
The town covers an area of 8.04 km$^2$ (3.10 sq mi), with 669 inhabitants per km$^2$. Toulouges borders the following municipalities: Perpignan, Canohès, Thuir, El Soler, and Baho.

## History

Toulouges probably grew upon a Roman villa. It was first mentioned in 904 at the same time mentioning the church called Tulogias. Other names that are presumably Toulouges are Tologis (in a 937 document), Tulujes (1027), Tuluges (1030), Toluges (1119).
Toulouges hosted an ecumenical council known as the Council of Elge-Toulouges in 1027. It aimed to promote peace among the feudal lords of France by declaring the Truce of God, attempting to limit the days of the week and times of year that the nobility could engage in violence.
During the 14th and 15th centuries Toulouges grew rapidly. A wall and hospital were in existence. In 1628, however, part of the population was killed by a plague. Today, though, Toulouges is again growing rapidly.
# Saparmyrat Hajji Mosque

The Saparmyrat Hajji (Turkmen: Saparmyrat Hajy metjidi) is a mosque in Gökdepe, Turkmenistan. Commissioned in memory of the defenders of Gökdepe Fortress, it was built between 1994 and 1995, during the presidency of President Saparmyrat Nyýazow. The mosque—with its blue dome and four minarets—is a prominent landmark in Gökdepe.

## History

Ashgabat architect Kakajan Durdyyev designed the structure. The mosque was opened in 1995 and named in honour of President of Turkmenistan Saparmyrat Nyýazow's Hajj in 1992. The tender went to Bouygues in 1994, who had the mosque built in one year.
In 2008, Turkish firm SUR Turizm Inşaat Ticaret ve sanayi LTD STI renovated the mosque, and additionally designed and built ritual banquet facilities with capacity of 1,000 guests plus the Gökdepe National Museum located on the mosque's grounds. The contract included landscaping of the surrounding territory. The cost of reconstruction plus building the banquet hall and museum was cited as $34 million.

## Architecture

The mosque has a dark green dome in the center, surrounded by four half-domes of lower height but same shade. The interior of the mosque is a square hall—extending outside to a square courtyard. Four minarets, each having a height of 63 meters, were installed at the four corners of this courtyard to represent the age of Muhammad. Adjacent to the mosque in the east, is a two-floored complex centered around a star-shaped pool. Small white domes adorn the perimeter of the complex's ceiling as well as the mosque courtyard.
A chandelier—having 260 lamps—hangs from the center of the mosque. The walls are embossed with motifs of traditional Turkmen carpets while the interior of all domes are decorated with pastel blue designs. The mosque is reported to have a capacity for 8,000 worshipers.
# Chong-Karakol

Chong-Karakol (Kyrgyz: Чоң-Каракол) is a village in Osh Region of Kyrgyzstan. It is part of the Alay District. Its population was 1,812 in 2021.
Nearby villages include Kichi-Karakol, Ak-Bosogo and Chiy-Talaa.
# Alpha Regio

Alpha Regio is a region of the planet Venus extending for about 1500 kilometers centered at 22°S, 5°E.
It was discovered and named by Richard Goldstein in 1964. The name was approved by the International Astronomical Union's Working Group for Planetary System Nomenclature (IAU/WGPSN) between 1976 and 1979. Maxwell Montes, Alpha Regio, and Beta Regio are the three exceptions to the rule that the surface features of Venus are to be named for females: women or goddesses.
The surface of the region is what is known as Tessera, meaning a terrain that has been highly deformed and where the deformation strikes in multiple directions and is closely spaced. The term comes from the Greek word for “tiled” (Russian investigators analyzing Venera 15 and Venera 16 imagery thought this terrain looked like a parquet floor). Like all tessera regions, it sits above the surrounding terrain at an elevation of 1 to 2 kilometers, and is heavily deformed by what appears to be contractional folding. Like most tessera units, the surrounding volcanic plains appear to have flowed around Alpha's margins and thus are younger than Alpha.
An infrared map prepared by the Venus Express orbiter shows that the rocks on the Alpha Regio plateau are lighter in colour and look old compared to the majority of the planet. On Earth, such light-coloured rocks are usually granite and form continents.
# Bert Hawthorne

Herbert William Hawthorne (17 December 1943 – 14 April 1972) was a New Zealand racing driver. He was born in Derryhennett, County Armagh, Northern Ireland and immigrated to New Zealand at 13 years of age.

## Racing career

Hawthorne started racing in the mid-to-late 1960s with a Ford Anglia. He moved to the United Kingdom to work as a racing mechanic at Ron Tauranac's Brabham factory. He built a Brabham BT21 and shipped it back to New Zealand where he raced it in the National Formula category for twin-cam, 1600 cm3 engines. He became friends with Allan McCall, who was impressed with Hawthorne's racing talent.
Hawthorne returned to the UK with a limited budget to race in Formula 3, then went to the US to race in the North American Formula B/Atlantic Championship where he became vice-champion of the series in 1971.
In 1972 Hawthorne won the Bogota Grand Prix, giving the Brabham BT38 its maiden victory. He did not continue with Brabham but linked up again with McCall, who was developing Formula 2 under the banner "Leda Engineering".
Hawthorne's first Formula 2 race was the Jochen Rindt Memorial Trophy at Thruxton, a round of both the British and European Formula 2 Championships. Hawthorne won a heat race and was putting on an impressive display in the final race before retiring on lap 38 with a fuel pickup problem.

## Death

Hawthorne was killed on 14 April 1972, during practice for the following round of the European Championship, the Jim Clark Memorial Race at Hockenheim. Hawthorne was driving Allan McCall's TUI car, travelling in tandem with German driver Bernd Terbeck when Hawthorne's car slowed due to a mechanical failure. Terbeck hit Hawthorne's car at speed, pitching it head-on against the barriers. The car skidded along the guard-rail, pulling out security uprights and came to rest on fire. At the track it was realised that both Terbeck and Hawthorne were missing, but there was no knowledge of the incident until two laps later, when Niki Lauda pulled in to the pits and asked why nothing was being done about a car on fire on the circuit. It was later confirmed that Hawthorne had died instantly from head injuries.
At the time of his death, Hawthorne resided in Upper Saddle River, New Jersey.
# Byomakesh Mohanty

Byomakesh Mohanty (17 November 1957, Cuttack, Orissa, India – 14 June 2010) was an Indian artist and academic. After completing his science studies and graduating from Utkal University, Bhubaneswar, Orissa, he joined as a faculty of visual arts at Banaras Hindu University.

## Career

After completion of his studies he devoted all his time and energy in pursuing Visual Art in the country and received several awards and honors at the national and international level.
He was convenor of Indo-Japan and Indo-France Art exhibitions organized in Orissa, and Professor at B.K College of Art and Craft till 2010. He guided the scholars after receiving a national scholarship. He was appointed as a Visualiser for national monuments in Orissa. Lastly, he joined Orissa State Lalit Kala Akademi as secretary.
Prof. Byomakesh Mohanty memorial award is given by Artists’ Association of Orissa (AAO) in the name of Byomakesh to the artists for their significant contribution.

## Exhibitions

* Jehangir Art Gallery in Mumbai
* ABC Art Gallery, Banaras
* Academy of Fine Arts, Kolkata
* Visva Bharati University at Santiniketan
* Banaras Hindu University at Varanasi
* Regional Art Centre At Madras, Lucknow and Bhubaneshwar
* National Gallery of Modern Art, New Delhi
* Lalit Kala Akademi at Rabindra Bhavan New Delhi
* Orissa State Museum Bhubaneshwar
* Regional Centre at Lucknow and Bhubaneshwar
* State Governor's House at Bhubaneshwar
* Indian Airlines at Mumbai
* Düsseldorf Art Gallery, Germany
* National Museum of France, Paris.

## Awards

* Three time recipient of State Award by Orissa Lalit Kala Akademi
* All India Award by U.P State Lalit Kala Akademi
* "Orissa Prativa Samman" by Indo Soviet Cultural Society (I.S.C.U.S.)
* Vice Chancellor Award at Banaras Hindu University.
# Southern California Seismic Network

The Southern California Seismic Network (SCSN) is a cooperative project of Caltech and the United States Geological Survey. The SCSN has benefited from numerous upgrade projects. TERRAscope, funded by the L. K. Whittier and ARCO Foundations, and NSF, provided the first 28 broadband and strong motion stations in the late 1980s and early 1990s. The TriNet project, from 1997 to 2002, funded by FEMA, California OES, USGS, and other partners, increased the number of broadband and strong motion stations to 155 and significantly improved the data communications and processing infrastructure. The SCSN is one of six organizations that form the larger California Integrated Seismic Network (CISN) project of Caltech, CGS, USGS, and U.C. Berkeley (2001 to present) provides funds for continued operation of the SCSN, improved robustness, and migration of operations toward statewide processing.