OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Gorses

Gorses (French pronunciation:; Occitan: Gòrsas) is a commune in the Lot department in south-western France.
# Tom Scott (composer, born 1912)

Thomas Jefferson Scott (May 28, 1912, Campbellsburg, Kentucky – August 12, 1961, New York City) was an American composer and singer.

## Biography

Scott studied music at the University of Kentucky, after which he moved to New York City when he joined Fred Waring's glee club. He was soon employed by the group as an arranger. In 1942, he began a successful career as a folk singer. He accompanied himself on the guitar and billed himself as "The American Troubadour". He appeared at the Rainbow Room and the Cotillion Room of the Pierre Hotel, among other venues. Garnering praise, Scott landed his own radio show, which ran for several years.
Although Scott did write some of his own folk songs, he is mostly remembered now for his classical works, and in particular his symphonic pieces, which for the most part are rooted in American folk music. His symphonic works include Ballad of the Harp Weaver, Binorie Variations, Colloquy for Strings, Coney Island, Fanfare and Cantilena, Hornpipe and Chantey, Johnny Appleseed, Music for String Orchestra, and Symphony No. 1. His work From the Sacred Harp was performed and recorded in its world premiere by the New York Philharmonic under the baton of Leopold Stokowski.
Among his other compositions are chamber music works, art songs, piano songs, the opera The Fisherman (1956), and several television and film scores. He wrote much music for plays at the Robert Herridge theater, and also wrote the music for Ferdinand Bruckner's play Gloriana, which premiered on Broadway in 1938. Scott wrote most of the music for Camera Three, among other television shows. He married Ruth Walton and they had one daughter, Susanna Scott. He died of a heart attack in 1961.
# Noël Lee

Noël Lee (December 25, 1924 – July 15, 2013) was an American classical pianist and composer.
Born in 1924 in Nanjing, China, Lee studied music in Lafayette, Indiana, then attended Harvard University, studying with Walter Piston, Irving Fine, and Tillman Merritt and was also a student at the Longy School of Music in the early 1940s. Following World War II, he traveled to Paris where he studied music with Nadia Boulanger and was a friend of Douglas Allanbrook. He composed orchestral, chamber, piano, vocal, and film music. In addition, he completed several unfinished piano works by Franz Schubert, and composed cadenzas for piano concertos by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart and Ludwig van Beethoven. He was also well known for his piano accompaniment.
Lee was a visiting professor at Brandeis University, Cornell University, and Dartmouth College. He received numerous awards throughout his career, an award from the American Academy of Arts and Letters for his creative work in 1959, and from France, twice laureate of the Fondation de France, in 1998, the grade of Commandeur of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres, and, in 1999, from the city of Paris, the Grand Prix de la Musique.
Lee's first recordings were for the Valois label of Michel Bernstein. He recorded, together with French pianist Christian Ivaldi, the complete works for four hands by Schubert for the label Arion. He was the pianist for the American violinist Paul Makanowitzki (1920-1998), the Dutch baritone Bernard Kruysen (1933-2000) and the French soprano Anne-Marie Rodde. As a pianist, he toured on six continents and recorded 198 LPs and CDs since 1955, particularly of Schubert (including the complete sonatas), Debussy, Ravel, Charles Ives, Bartók, Stravinsky, Aaron Copland and Elliott Carter. He was instrumental to the rediscovery of American composer Louis Moreau Gottschalk (1829–69), and his Gottshalk recording (CD Erato reissued on Warner Classics/Apex) was used in the soundtrack to the 1994 Michel Deville film Aux petits bonheurs. Thirteen of these recordings have received a Grand Prix du Disque.
# Chalmers Clifton

Chalmers Dancy Clifton (April 30, 1889, Jackson, Mississippi – June 19, 1966, New York City) was an American conductor and composer. Born in Jackson, Mississippi, he wrote a number of orchestral works, and some chamber music as well. He served on the jury deciding the Pulitzer Prize in Music for a number of years. He was a founder and first musical director of the American Orchestral Society and during the 1920s, he helped young musicians in New York prepare for being in orchestras across the country.
# Lester Trimble

Lester Albert Trimble (August 29, 1923 Bangor, Wisconsin – December 31, 1986 New York City) was an American music critic and composer of contemporary classical music.
Encouraged by Schoenberg, who had seen some of his scores, Trimble entered the Carnegie Institute of Technology (now Carnegie Mellon University). While there he studied with Nikolai Lopatnikoff and Frederick Dorian and wrote music criticism for the Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. He earned a Bachelor of Fine Arts in violin and composition from Carnegie in 1948, followed by a Masters in composition. During this time he also spent summers at the Berkshire Music Center at Tanglewood where he studied with Darius Milhaud and Aaron Copland. In 1950, Trimble went to Paris where he continued studies with Nadia Boulanger and Arthur Honegger. He returned from Paris in 1952 and settled in New York, where he was engaged by Virgil Thomson as a critic for the New York Herald Tribune, a post he held for ten years. Trimble was also the music critic for The Nation (1957–62), the Washington Evening Star (1963–8) and Stereo Review (1968–74). He became the managing editor of Musical America from 1960 to 1961 and executive director of the American Music Center from 1961 to 1963. In 1963 he was appointed professor of composition at the University of Maryland, a position he held for five years. In 1967 he was appointed composer-in-residence with the New York Philharmonic by Leonard Bernstein. In 1971 he joined the faculty of the Juilliard School and in 1973 he became the first composer-in-residence at Wolf Trap Farm Park.
Trimble's numerous compositions include symphonic works, chamber music pieces, choral works, vocal art songs, film scores, solo instrumental works, and an opera. His music is published by ACA, Belwin-Mills, Duchess, Leeds, C. F. Peters, and Presser.
# Mark Bucci

Mark Bucci (26 February 1924, New York City – 22 August 2002, Camp Verde, Arizona) was an American composer, lyricist, and dramatist. Influenced by Giacomo Puccini, his work is composed in a contemporary yet lyrical style, which frequently employs marked rhythms and memorable harmonies and melodies.

## Early life and education

Born in Manhattan, Bucci was of Sicilian and Scottish ancestry. He studied music composition with Tibor Serly in New York City from 1942 to 1945 and then at the Juilliard School with Frederick Jacobi and Vittorio Giannini. At Juilliard he was notably the first winner of the school's Irving Berlin scholarship award in 1948 which was made possible through a donation by Rodgers and Hammerstein. Bucci also studied composition under Aaron Copland at the Tanglewood Music Center during the summers.

## Career

Bucci's first professional composition was written for the ABC television program The Motorola Television Hour for an adaptation of James Thurber's The 13 Clocks in 1953. The production starred Basil Rathbone as the evil Duke and garnered a considerable amount of national attention. Commissions for musical revues and operas followed, including the opera Tale for a Deaf Ear which premiered at the Tanglewood Music Festival in August 1957 and was later mounted at the New York City Opera in 1958. His opera The Hero, commissioned by the Lincoln Center Fund and first broadcast from New York in 1965, won the Italia Prize in 1966. Bucci also wrote music for two Broadway musical revues, Vintage '60 (1960) and New Faces of 1962 (1962), and several film scores including Seven in Darkness (1969), My Friends Need Killing (1976) and Human Experiments (1979). He is also the author of a handful of plays.

## Accolades

He was awarded Guggenheim Fellowships in 1953 and 1957.

## Personal life

He had one son, Jonathan Phillips Bucci, with his wife theatre publicist and playwright Peggy Phillips Bucci.
# Alvin Etler

Alvin Derald Etler (February 19, 1913 – June 13, 1973) was an American composer and oboist.

## Career

A student of Paul Hindemith, Etler is noted for his highly rhythmic, harmonically and texturally complex compositional style, taking inspiration from the works of Bartók and Copland as well as the dissonant and accented styles of jazz.
Though he played with the Indianapolis Symphony in 1938, he abandoned his orchestral life shortly thereafter to focus on his increasingly successful compositional career (which earned him two Guggenheim Fellowships during this period). In 1942 he joined the faculty at Yale University as conductor of the university band and instructor of wind instruments, where he began his studies with Hindemith. He also taught at Cornell University and University of Illinois before accepting a position at Smith College, which he held until his death.
Notable works include his two woodwind quintets (from 1955 and 1957), a bassoon sonata, the 1963 "Quintet for Brass Instruments", and "Fragments" for woodwind quartet.
Etler is also the author of Making Music: An Introduction to Theory, an introductory-level theory text published posthumously in 1974.

## Works list
### Orchestral

* Passacaglia and Fugue, 1947
* Concerto for string quartet and string orchestra, 1948
* Symphony, 1951
* Dramatic Overture, 1956
* Concerto in 1 movement, 1957
* Elegy, 1959
* Concerto for wind quintet and orchestra, 1960
* Triptych, 1961
* Concerto for brass quintet, string orchestra, and percussion, 1967
* Convivialities, 1967
* Concerto for string quartet and orchestra, 1968

### Chamber music

* Sonata for oboe, clarinet and viola, 1945
* Quartet for oboe, clarinet, viola and bassoon, 1949
* Prelude and Toccata, for organ, 1950
* Bassoon Sonata, 1951
* Clarinet Sonata no.1, 1952
* Introduction and Allegro, for oboe and piano, 1952
* Duo, for oboe and viola, 1954
* Sonatina, for piano 1955
* Wind Quintet, 1955
* Wind Quintet No. 2, 1957
* Concerto for violin and wind quintet, 1958
* Sonata for viola and harpsichord, 1959
* Sextet for oboe, clarinet, bassoon, violin, viola and cello, 1959
* Suite, for flute, oboe and clarinet, 1960
* Concerto, for clarinet and chamber ensemble, 1962
* String Quartet No. 1, 1963
* Brass Quintet, 1963
* String Quartet No. 2, 1965
* Sonic Sequence, for brass quintet, 1967
* Clarinet Sonata No. 2, 1969
* XL plus 1, for solo percussion, 1970
* Concerto for cello and seven instruments, 1970

### Choral

* Peace be unto You (St Augustine, Bible: Matthew), SATB, 1958
* Under the Cottonwood Tree (Etler), SA, 1960
* Under Stars (Etler), SSAA, 1960
* Ode to Pothos (Etler), SSAATTBB, 1960
* Onomatopoesis (Etler), Male singer, 2 clarinets, bass clarinet, bassoon, 2 trumpets, horn, trombone, and percussion, 1965
# Roland Carter (composer)

Roland Marvin Carter (born May 4, 1942) is an American composer and conductor, largely of choral music. A native of Chattanooga, Tennessee, Carter studied music education at Hampton University, from which he received a BA, and New York University, from which he received his MA; he studied piano, choral music, and composition. From 1965 until 1989 he taught music at Hampton University, chairing the department of music and leading the choir. In 1989 he moved to the University of Tennessee, Chattanooga, where he directed the choir and continued to teach until his 2013 retirement.
Carter is best known for his work as composer, conductor, arranger, and publisher to promote the choral music of African-American composers. He served as president of the National Association of Negro Musicians from 2003 until 2009, and publishes choral music, especially arrangements of spirituals, through his publishing company MAR-VEL; as a composer, he has created numerous spiritual arrangements himself, as well as composing new choral compositions on a variety of texts. At Carnegie Hall he conducted the first concert in the African-American Music Series. Much of his output has been recorded. As a conductor, Carter has said that he believes in performing spiritual arrangements much as he would the work of Johannes Brahms or Franz Schubert, rather than bringing a more folk-based sensibility to them.
Carter has received numerous awards throughout his career, including an honorary doctorate from Shaw University and an honorary membership in Phi Mu Alpha Sinfonia, granted in 2006. In 2022 the city of Chattanooga named a street for him.
Carter donated his archive to the University of Tennessee at Chattanooga in 2021.
# Christopher Cook (composer)

Christopher Cook (born 1962 in Louisville, Kentucky) is an American composer of contemporary classical music.
Cook received the Doctor of Music degree from Indiana University where he served as assistant director of the Center for Electronic and Computer Music. He has received awards and honors from the Fromm Music Foundation at Harvard University, the National Endowment for the Arts, ASCAP, MTNA, and the National Assembly of Local Arts Agencies. He has been composer-in residence for Amherst College, the University of Evansville, Monroe County Community Schools Corporation (Indiana) and for the city of Somerset, Pennsylvania. He is Director of Music Theory and Composition at Christopher Newport University in Newport News, Virginia.
His compositions are widely performed in university and festival settings, including June in Buffalo, Music of Our Time, the Indiana State University Contemporary Music Festival, The Society of Composers Inc., the Annual American Music Week (Sofia, Bulgaria), and the Utrecht Music Festival (The Netherlands). His Electro-acoustic works have been presented at conferences and festivals including the International Computer Music Conference, Society for Electro-acoustic Music in the United States, Florida Electro-acoustic Music Festival, Electronic Music Midwest, and the InterMedia Manifold TechArt exhibit.
# Childwite

In medieval England, childwite (or childwit), was a fine levied by the feudal lord on the reputed father when an unmarried unfree woman gave birth to a child. The Oxford English Dictionary cites the following use of the term from 1672: "Within the Mannor of Writtle in Com. Essex, every reputed Father of a Bastard gotten there, pays to the Lord for a Fine three shillings four pence, and the custome is there also called Childwit."
# Peggy Hull

Peggy Hull (December 30, 1889 – June 19, 1967), was the pen name of Henrietta Eleanor Goodnough Deuell, an American journalist who covered World War I and World War II. She was the first female correspondent accredited by the U. S. War Department.

## Early life and education

Henrietta Goodnough was born in Bennington, Kansas. Her first newspaper job was at the Junction City Daily Sentinel in Junction City, Kansas. She also worked at the Honolulu Star and the Cleveland Plain Dealer, among other papers, before she came to specialize in military reporting.

## Coverage of World War I

In 1916 she reported on John J. Pershing's role in pursuing Pancho Villa, and her connection with Pershing made it possible to travel to France and spend time at the front as an unsanctioned war correspondent in 1917. She gained official accreditation in 1918, "the only girl correspondent accredited to the A. E. F. by the war department."

## Interwar

After 1918, she covered American forces sent to Siberia, wearing her usual uniform (she dressed in her own version of military gear for much of her career).
Between the wars, Peggy Hull briefly lost her American citizenship by marrying a British man in 1922, under the Expatriation Act of 1907.

## Coverage of World War II

In 1939, Peggy Hull became a founding member of the Overseas Press Club of America. She renewed her accreditation as a war correspondent in 1943 to cover American involvement in the Pacific Theatre during World War II, though she was considered too old for any physically hazardous assignments. She was awarded a Navy commendation for her work.

## Personal life

Henrietta Goodnough was married three times; to fellow journalist George Hull in 1910, to Englishman John Kinley in 1922, and to newspaper editor Harvey Deuell in 1933. She was divorced from Hull and Kinley, and widowed when Deuell died in 1939. Hull died in 1967, from breast cancer, age 77, in Carmel, California. Her papers are in the University of Kansas Libraries.
There is a crater on Venus named for Peggy Hull.

## In media

A book-length biography of Peggy Hull was published in 1991:
* Bogart, Eleanor A.; Smith, Wilda M. (1991). The wars of Peggy Hull: the life and times of a war correspondent. Texas Western Press. ISBN 9780874042153. - Total pages: 305
# Belete Molla

Belete Molla (Amharic: በለጠ ሞላ) is an Ethiopian politician who is currently serving as the Minister of Innovation and Technology since 2021, and founder and chairman of the National Movement of Amhara (NaMA), a right-wing Amhara nationalist political party in Ethiopia.

## Political career

Belete has received PhD in philosophy from Addis Ababa University. During his academic years, he published several articles and books related on ethics, political economy, intercultural philosophy, hermeneutics and African philosophy. In 2007, Belete was a recipient of the Erasmus Mundus Scholarship Award. On 10 June 2018, he founded the Amhara nationalist political party the National Movement of Amhara (NaMA) in Bahir Dar along with Desalegn Chanie. In February 2020, NaMA Central Committee elected Belete as a chairman while replacing Desalegn. In 2021 general election, NaMA won 5 seats in the House of Peoples' Representatives (HoPR). On 6 October 2021, he was elected as the Minister of Innovation and Technology.
# Elaine Glover

Elaine Glover (born 1982) is an English actress, singer and chef.

## Early life and education

Glover was born in 1982 in Harrogate, North Yorkshire, and grew up in Skipton. She trained at Rose Bruford College where she gained a BA Honours in Actor Musicianship.

## Career

Glover is an original cast member of Simon Beaufoy's The Full Monty, which opened at the Lyceum Theatre in Sheffield, and after touring transferred to the Noël Coward Theatre in London's West End where it received an Olivier Nomination for Best New Comedy. She is an original cast member of Bad Girls: The Musical, which opened at the West Yorkshire Playhouse and later had a West End transfer to the Garrick Theatre.
She has also taken leading roles at the Royal Exchange, Manchester (Sex, Chips & Rock & Roll), West Yorkshire Playhouse (The Lemon Princess - based on the true story of Rachel Forber who died of CJD in 2001) Theatr Clwyd (Dick Whittington), Salisbury Playhouse (Come Fly With Me, Cinderella and Little Robin Redbreast), Hull Truck Theatre (Flint Street Nativity), Battersea Arts Centre (20th Century Boy) and Nottingham Lakeside Arts (The Retirement Of Tom Stevens).
She played PC Lucy Slater for two series of BBC1's police drama HolbyBlue. She played the character of Katie Jones in series 4 of ITV's Footballers' Wives. She joined the cast of Hollyoaks as Abi Raven in 2009; and then went on to join the cast of Emmerdale as D.C. Laura Prior in 2010–2011. Other television credits include The Royal, Silent Witness, Casualty, Doctors, The Bill, Holby City, Heartbeat and Footballers' Wives: Extra Time.
She has been a guest on the panel of ITV’s Loose Women.
She was a soloist at London's O2 Arena for the charity concert "The Long And Winding Road: Voices For A New World", with guest performances from Bill Bailey and Kevin Eldon. She was also a soloist fronting Frank Renton's 18-piece brass band at the Royal Albert Hall in Christmas With The Stars.
She took the leading role of accidental serial killer Rose Clements in the independent British black comedy feature film, Whoops! The film premiered at Vue cinema in Piccadilly, London for the Raindance Film Festival, followed by a tour of Vue cinemas nationwide. It also made the official selection for the Toronto International Film Festival.

## Cookery

In 2011, Glover underwent training at Radiantly Alive in Ubud, Bali, to become a certified Raw Food Chef. She later went back to Bali to work as a chef and mentor at Radiantly Alive, and then went on to work as a chef at Nama, a raw vegan restaurant in Notting Hill, London. She also spent time working in Nice, France, as menu consultant and coordinator for vegan and raw restaurant KoKo Green.
# Sassandra River

The Sassandra River is a river of western Ivory Coast in West Africa. It is formed by the confluence of the Tienba River, which originates in the highlands of north-western Ivory Coast, and the Gouan River (also known as the Bafing Sud River), which originates to the west in the highlands of Guinea. The Sassandra flows south-southeast to empty into the Gulf of Guinea on the Atlantic Ocean. The Buyo Dam was constructed across the middle stretch of the river in 1980, just below the confluence with the Nzo River, to create the reservoir called Lake Buyo. The Davo River joins the Sassandra just before it meets the sea. The port town of Sassandra lies on the seacoast where the river meets the sea.
The Sassandra and its tributaries flow through terrestrial ecoregions. The northern, or upper, part of the watershed lies in the Guinean forest-savanna mosaic ecoregion. Further south, it forms the boundary between two tropical moist forest ecoregions, the Western Guinean lowland forests and the Eastern Guinean forests.
# Bereket Simon

Bereket Simon (Tigrinya: በረከት ስምኦን; born 1960s) is an Ethiopian politician who had served as Minister of Communication Affairs from its establishment in 1995 to 2012. He was affiliated to the ruling Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front (EPRDF), of which he was a founding member. He underwent medical treatment in Saudi Arabia financed by the billionaire Mohammed Alamudin. He was a close friend of former prime minister Meles Zenawi since their University days. He was widely considered as Meles Zenawi's right-hand man.

## Personal life

Bereket was born in Dabat to an Eritrean family. As he was in high school in 1978, he was likely born in the 1960s.

## Legal issues

On 23 January 2019, Bereket was arrested by the Amhara Region government in relation to corruption along with Tadesse Kassa, a civil servant. On 8 May 2020, Bereket was convicted of corruption and sentenced to six years of prison. Tadesse Kassa, a former TIRET Corporation board member, was also convicted. However, after serving probation in prison located in Bahir Dar, the government released him on account of parole on 25 January 2023. According to his defense lawyer Hiwot Lilay, Bereket should be released in September 2022 for his one-third of jail term in accordance with the regional law, despite having no opportunity to him.
# Hyperoplus

Hyperoplus is a genus of sand eels native to the northeastern Atlantic Ocean.

## Species

The currently recognized species in this genus are:
* Hyperoplus immaculatus (Corbin, 1950) (Corbin's sand eel)
* Hyperoplus lanceolatus (Le Sauvage, 1824) (great sand eel)