OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dragan Bogdanovski

Dragan Bogdanovski (Macedonian: Драган Богдановски; 18 September 1929 – 31 May 1998) was a Macedonian émigré, activist and a founder of VMRO-DPMNE.

## Life

Dragan Bogdanovski was born on 18 September 1929 in Klečevce, Kumamovo region, Kingdom of Yugoslavia. He graduated from a secondary agricultural school and studied at the Faculty of Agriculture in Zemun, where he was sentenced to four-month imprisonment in Belgrade in 1949 for nationalist activities. He spent years in emigration, in Latin America and Europe. Bogdanovski went to Paris and studied political science. He formed the Macedonian student group People’s Front (Macedonian: Народен Фронт) and published the newspaper Macedonian Spark (Macedonian: Македонска Искра). Bogdanovski also published Macedonian Nation (Macedonian: Македонска Нација), an emigrant newspaper in the Macedonian language. He founded the Movement for the Liberation and Unification of Macedonia, receiving support from nationalist émigrés and gastarbeiters in Europe. According to Bulgarian researcher Dimitar Bechev, while in Paris, he was kidnapped by Yugoslav security services in 1977. In 1979, he was sentenced to 13 years in prison by the Skopje district court for leading an organization which called for the establishment of an independent Macedonian state (including also Macedonian parts of Greece and Bulgaria). Amnesty International adopted him as a prisoner of conscience. After his release in 1988, he went on to co-find the political party Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization - Democratic Party for Macedonian National Unity (VMRO-DPMNE). At the party's first congress in 1991, Bogdanovski was elected as its honorary chairman. However, due to co-founder Ljubčo Georgievski's pro-Bulgarian stance, he split from the party in 1993 and established the Macedonian National Front. He died on 31 May 1998. Bogdanovski was buried in Kumanovo.

## Legacy

A figure of him was placed in the Museum of the Macedonian Struggle in Skopje during the rule of Macedonian prime minister Nikola Gruevski. Two volumes of books about him from his legacy were published in 2015. A bust of him was placed next to the headquarters of VMRO-DPMNE in June 2023.
Georgievski accused him of being a Yugoslav secret agent. A representative of Bogdanovski's family criticized the claims Georgievski made about Bogdanovski in his book My Macedonian story - where are you going Macedonia. Macedonian politician Stojan Andov claimed that Bogdanovski was against the acronym "VMRO" for the name of VMRO-DPMNE. Georgievski sharply criticized him for the claim. A Macedonian political dissident in Canada, in response to the article by Andov, claimed that Bogdanovski was a collaborator of UDBA. Bulgarian academic Spas Tashev claimed that he was an agent of UDBA, for which he was criticized by Macedonian academics.
# Nabila al-Zawahiri

Nabila al-Zawahiri (Arabic: نبيلة الظواهري, romanized: ʾNabila al-Ẓawāhirī, born 1986) is the daughter of Al-Qaeda co-founder Ayman al-Zawahiri and the wife of the group's external communications chief, Abd al-Rahman al-Maghrebi.

## Biography

Nabila was the third daughter born to Ayman al-Zawahiri and his first wife, Azza Ahmed Nowari, likely born in Afghanistan amid the Soviet–Afghan war. A deeply conservative and modest woman, Azza died following a US airstrike in Gardez, Afghanistan in 2001, after being pinned down by rubble and refusing rescue to avoid her face being seen by male rescuers. Ayman was killed in a CIA drone strike in Kabul, Afghanistan in 2022. Nabila has three living sisters and one half sister. Two other siblings died in the events surrounding the 2001 US airstrike which precipitated her mother's death. Mohammed died immediately of blast injuries, Aisha, a four year old sister who had Down syndrome, froze to death waiting for rescue.
# Raqqeh Rural District

Raqqeh Rural District (Persian: دهستان رقه) is in Eresk District of Boshruyeh County, South Khorasan province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Raqqeh.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the rural district's population (as a part of the former Boshruyeh District of Ferdows County) was 2,429 in 656 households. There were 2,278 inhabitants in 667 households at the following census of 2011, by which time the district had been separated from the county in the establishment of Boshruyeh County. The rural district was transferred to the new Eresk District. The 2016 census measured the population of the rural district as 2,398 in 794 households. The most populous of its 35 villages was Raqqeh, with 1,096 people.
# Cyberactivism in North Korea

Cyberactivism in North Korea refers to activism carried out with the use of information technologies such as the Internet and the distribution of information by civil society typically outside of North Korea to initiate and/or support change from within North Korea.

## Measures

* Media, information, and technologies can be smuggled or sent into North Korea
* Local IT infrastructure can be exploited
* Local IT infrastructure can be built (e.g. mesh networking)

## Examples

* Fighters for a Free North Korea, an activist group led by North Korean defector Park Sang-hak sent plastic bags with anti-Pyongyang leaflets, dollar bills and USB memory sticks into the country via helium balloons
* According to Jeong Kwang-il, founder of the group No Chain, stealthy drones have been delivering SD cards and flash drives to North Korean residents since early 2015
* In 2013, Anonymous started 'Operation Free Korea.'

## Commentary

Jack David, a senior fellow at the Hudson Institute and former presidential deputy assistant secretary of defense for combating weapons of mass destruction, states that "by clinging to the hope that Pyongyang can be induced to give up its ambitions for nuclear weapons and long-range missiles, officials are distracted from pursuing policies that might actually enable the people of North Korea to end the Kim dynasty" and that America's goal should be regime change. He suggests the next administration to "deny North Korean actors access to international financial institutions, and support the efforts of refugees (in South Korea and elsewhere) to pass information about the Free World to friends and family in North Korea".
# Nightshapes

Nightshapes (German: Nachtgestalten) is a 1999 German drama film written and directed by Andreas Dresen. Michael Gwisdek won the Silver Bear for Best Actor in the 49th Berlin International Film Festival.

## Cast

* Myriam Abbas as Hanna
* Dominique Horwitz as Victor
* Oliver Breite as Jochen (as Oliver Bäßler)
* Susanne Bormann as Patty
* Michael Gwisdek as Peschke
* Ricardo Valentim as Feliz
* Ade Sapara as Ricardo
* Imogen Kogge as Rita
* Horst Krause as Taxifahrer / Cab Driver
* Axel Prahl as Polizist / Police Officer
# Wood Workers' Union

The Wood Workers' Union (Finnish: Puutyöväen liitto, SPL) was a trade union representing wood industry workers in Finland.
The Wood Workers' Union was founded in 1925, but was banned in 1930. Later that year, supporters of the Social Democratic Party (SDP) founded a new Finnish Wood Workers' Union, which affiliated to the Finnish Federation of Trade Unions (SAK). By 1958, the SDP supporters had been marginalised in the SAK, leading the Wood Workers to disaffiliate. In 1960, it became a founding affiliate of the Finnish Trade Union Federation (SAJ), while the SAK established a new rival, the Wood Workers' Federation (PTTL).
In 1961, the union renamed itself as the Finnish Wood Industry Workers' Union. The SAK and SAJ merged in 1969, forming the Central Organisation of Finnish Trade Unions, which both the SPL and the PTTL joined. The PTTL finally rejoined the SPL in 1973, which renamed itself as the "Wood Workers' Union".
By 1992, the union had 37,150 members. The following year, it merger with the Rural Workers' Union, to form the Wood and Allied Workers' Union.
# Saint-Christophe-de-Valains

Saint-Christophe-de-Valains (French pronunciation:; Breton: Sant-Kristol-Gwalen) is a commune in the Ille-et-Vilaine department in Brittany in northwestern France.
Saint-Christophe-de-Valains comes from Saint Christopher, patron saint of travelers and Valains, fief of Vieux-Vy-sur-Couesnon.

## Geography

Saint-Christophe-de-Valains is located 37 km (23 mi) to the northeast of Rennes and 35 km (22 mi) to the south of the Mont Saint-Michel.
The neighboring communes are Chauvigné, Le Tiercent, Saint-Ouen-des-Alleux, and Vieux-Vy-sur-Couesnon.

## Sights

* Parish Church of the 15th century.
* Castle of La Bélinaye 17th century.
* Liberty Oak in La Basse-Haye.
* Valley of "La Minette".
* Town hall of Saint-Christophe-de-Valains.
* Church of Saint-Christophe-de-Valains
* Castle of La Bélinaye 17th century.
* The war memorial.
* The Liberty Oak.
* Saint-Christophe-de-Valains
* Memorial stone.
* Flood of January 4, 1936.

## Events

Ball every 14 July under the Liberty Oak.
# Alamyshyk Too

The Alamyshyk Too (or Alamyshyk Range, Kyrgyz: Аламышык Тоосу) is a mountain range in the internal Tien-Shan to the west of Naryn Too between Naryn Valley and At-Bashy Valley. The range is located in At-Bashi District of Naryn Region. The length of the range is 35 km (22 mi) and the width ranges from 6 km (3.7 mi) to 20 km (12 mi). The heights varies largely from 3,000 m (9,800 ft) to 3,300 m (10,800 ft) with the highest point of 3,399 m (11,152 ft). The mountains are composed of limestone of Devonian and Carboniferous. There are some caves in the mountains. The northern slopes are covered by spruce and bushes, southern - by semi-desert dry steppe plants, and eastern slopes and higher altitudes covered by sub-Alpian feather grass.
# Baugh Creek

Baugh Creek is a tributary of the Little Wood River in Blaine County, Idaho, United States. The creek is located in Sawtooth National Forest right next to Buck Creek.
Baugh Creek is home to beavers, due to them being parachuted into the area in the 20th century. The beaver areas have been shown to be resilient against forest fires than neighbouring ares that lack beavers.

## Birds

There have been 3 different specie sightings of birds near the creek:
* Lazuli Bunting
* Spotted Towhee
* Song Sparrow
# George Miles (organist)

George Theophilus Miles FRCO (23 February 1913 – 26 March 1988) was an English organist and organ teacher based in Birmingham.

## Education

He was educated at King's School, Canterbury and the Royal College of Music from 1931 to 1935, where he studied with George Thalben-Ball.
He studied with Karl Straube at the Kirchenmusikalisches Institut in Leipzig. He applied to study with Straube for his main study, Organ; but also composition under the Austrian composer Johann Nepomuk David and piano under Prof Robert Teichmueller, who was a pupil of Reinecke and taught Karg-Elert and others. Miles signed up on 28 September 1935. He remained in Germany for a few years, as he is documented living in Mittelweg, Hamburg a year or so later and did some translating work in an advisory capacity for C.F.Peters.

## Career

From the 1930s, through recitals and in particular broadcasts, he was virtually alone in representing the continental style of organ playing in Britain, especially in Bach.
He was consulted by Ralph Downes on the design of the new organ for the Royal Festival Hall.
Soon after World War II he became established as a devoted and respected teacher through his hundreds of pupils from Birmingham University and the Birmingham School of Music.
He was organist at St. Peter's Church, Harborne from 1946 to 1988.

## Personal life

He was born on 23 February 1913 to Canon Joseph Henry Miles (1856 - 1935) (Curate of Castlerea 1882 - 1883, Canon of Christ Church Cathedral, Dublin 1883 - 1896, Rector of Pangbourne 1896 - 1913, Curate of West Teignmouth 1918 - 1919, Benenden 1919-1922, Chaplain of Faversham Almshouses 1922 - 1930) and Helen J Kolb in Pangbourne, Berkshire. His half brother Harry Godfrey Massy-Miles died in the First World War.
He married Margarete Böhm. They had one son, George Christopher Miles (1942 – 1994).
He died in Birmingham on 26 March 1988.
# Yarem Qayah

Yarem Qayah or Yaremqayeh or Yarem Qayyah or Yarem Qiyeh (Persian: يارم قيه), also rendered as Yarim Qiyeh or Yarim Ghiyeh may refer to:
* Yarem Qayah-e Olya
* Yarem Qayah-e Sofla
* Yarem Qayah-e Vasat
# Philip Cranmer

Philip Cranmer (1918–2006) was an English teacher of and composer of classical music.

## Biography

Cranmer was born in Birmingham, England, in 1918, and was a contemporary of composer John Gardner at Wellington College, Berkshire and became a BBC staff accompanist at Birmingham between 1948 and 1950. He was a lecturer at the University of Birmingham between 1950 and 1954, then became Professor of Music at Queen's University Belfast between 1954 and 1970, then held a similar position at the University of Manchester between 1970 and 1975. He was the Secretary at the Associated Board of the Royal Schools of Music between 1974 and 1983. Cranmer died in Balcombe, West Sussex in 2006.
# Star-News

StarNews is an American, English language daily newspaper for Wilmington, North Carolina, and its surrounding area (known as the Lower Cape Fear). It is North Carolina's oldest newspaper in continuous publication. It was owned by Halifax Media Group until 2015, when Halifax was acquired by New Media Investment Group. New Media merged with Gannett in 2019, and the combined company took the Gannett name.
The StarNews covers a three-county region in Southeastern North Carolina: New Hanover, Brunswick and Pender.

## History

The paper was originally published on September 23, 1867, as the Wilmington Evening Star by former Confederate Major William H. Bernard. Shortly after first publishing the paper, Bernard changed the paper to come out in the morning and changed the paper name to the Wilmington Morning Star. "[I]t was an ardent advocacy of white supremacy-a view never more strongly demonstrated than in its coverage of the Wilmington race riots of 1898."
In 1927, R. W. Page bought the Morning Star, and in 1929 bought the city's afternoon newspaper, the Wilmington News-Dispatch, which was later shortened to simply the Wilmington News. Later in 1929, the two papers began running a combined edition on Sunday, the Star-News. Page and his family continued to own the paper until 1975, when it was acquired by The New York Times Company.
From 1935 to 1970, the Morning Star was located in the Murchison Building on North Front Street in downtown Wilmington. The newspaper moved into its location at 1003 17th Street South in 1970.
On April 24, 2003; separate delivery of the Morning Star and News ended, and the two papers merged into a single seven-day paper, the StarNews.
As a result of damage from Hurricane Florence in September 2018, the StarNews moved into a temporary location in the Harrelson Building, after operating from a Hampton Inn, WWAY, and even homes of staff. The StarNews never stopped publishing during the storm.
In December 2023, the paper announced it was switching from carrier to mail delivery via the U.S. Postal Service.
# Ölgii

Ölgii (Mongolian: Өлгий, Kazakh: Өлгей) may signify:
* Ölgii Uul, a mountain in the Tavan Bogd massif in the extreme west of Mongolia
* Bayan-Ölgii Province, an aimag of Mongolia
* Ölgii (city), the capital of Bayan-Ölgii aimag
* Ölgii Airport, the airport of Ölgii city
* Ölgii, Uvs, a sum (district) of Uvs aimag
# Sestrimo Hydro Power Plant

The Sestrimo Hydro Power Plant is an active hydro power project in the eastern Rila mountains near Sestrimo village, Bulgaria. Water is supplied by the Belmeken Dam to three turbines with a nominal output of around 80 MW which will deliver up to 240 MW of power. It is part of the Belmeken–Sestrimo–Chaira Hydropower Cascade. The same reservoir is used for pumped storage with the Chaira Hydro Power Plant.
# Lubei Subdistrict, Taizhou, Zhejiang

Lubei Subdistrict (Chinese: 路北街道; pinyin: Lùběi Jiēdào; lit. 'north of the road') is a subdistrict of Luqiao District, Taizhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China, with its government office located north of China National Highway 104. As of 2011, it has 3 residential communities (社区) and 21 villages under its administration.
# Tree Island, South China Sea

For the "Tree Island" in Tuen Mun District, New Territories, Hong Kong, see Pak Chau.
Tree Island, also known as Zhaoshu Island, (Chinese: 赵述岛; Chinese: 趙述島; pinyin: Zhaoshu Dao; Vietnamese: Đảo Cây) is one of the main islands of the Paracel Islands group in the South China Sea. In 1947, the Chinese named the island Zhaoshu Dao to commemorate Zhao Shu (Chinese: 赵述) who accompanied Zheng He's expeditions in high seas (1405-1433). The area of the island is 22 hectares (54 acres) (0.22 km$^2$). It is under the administration of Hainan Province of China through the Zhaoshudao Village Committee. The island is also claimed by the Republic of China (Taiwan) and Vietnam.

## Other names

* The name Shu Dao (Chinese: 树岛; lit. 'tree island') is homologous to "Tree Island". It was coined [by the Republic of China] in 1935.
* The names An Dao (Chinese: 暗岛; lit. 'dark island'), Chuan'an Dao (Chinese: 船暗岛; lit. 'boat dark island'), and Chuanwan Dao (Chinese: 船晚岛; lit. 'boat evening island'), are traditionally used among the Hainanese fishermen as the island was discovered at night some centuries ago.

## Tourism

The island is open to tourists. Tourists may require political examination in Haikou of Hainan Province before taking a tour there, and can hire a fishing boat from Hainan. There is beach volleyball equipment and facilities located on the island; there are also the ruins of a Chinese temple dating back to the Ming dynasty.

## PRC's baselines declaration

The Declaration of the Government of the People's Republic of China on the baselines of the territorial sea (May 15, 1996): Three 3 points on Zhaoshu Dao (Tree Island) are the baseline points of the Chinese territorial sea:
* Zhaoshu Dao(1) 16° 59.9' N, 112° 14.7' E
* Zhaoshu Dao(2) 16° 59.7' N, 112° 15.6' E
* Zhaoshu Dao(3) 16° 59.4' N, 112° 16.6' E
# Arnold Alcolea

Arnold Alcolea Nuñez (born 25 April 1982) is a Cuban former racing cyclist who competed at the 2012 Summer Olympics, and at the 2014 Central American and Caribbean Games in Veracruz, Mexico. In 2006 and 2011 he was both the Cuban Road Race Champion and Time Trial Champion. He was born in Santiago de Cuba.

## Major results
### 2001

    3rd Time trial, National Road Championships

### 2003

    1st Stage 2 Vuelta a Cuba

### 2005

    1st Stage 10b Vuelta a Venezuela
    2nd Time trial, National Road Championships
    7th Overall Vuelta a Cuba

### 2006

    National Road Championships
       1st Road race
       1st Time trial
    6th Overall Vuelta a Cuba
       1st Mountains classification

### 2007

    1st Stage 13 Vuelta al Táchira
    6th Overall Vuelta a Cuba
    7th Overall Vuelta Ciclista a Costa Rica
       1st Stages 6 & 7

### 2008

    3rd Overall Vuelta Ciclista a Costa Rica
       1st Stage 5
    5th Overall Vuelta Ciclista Chiapas
    7th Overall Vuelta a Cuba
    8th Overall Vuelta a la Independencia Nacional

### 2009

    1st Overall Vuelta a Cuba
       1st Stage 8

### 2010

    National Road Championships
       1st Time trial
       2nd Road race
    1st Overall Vuelta a Cuba
    1st Stage 4 Vuelta Ciclista Chiapas
    Pan American Road Championships
       2nd Road race
       5th Time trial
    3rd 2009–10 UCI America Tour
    6th Overall Vuelta a Venezuela
    9th Overall Tour de San Luis
    10th Overall Vuelta Ciclista a Costa Rica
       1st Stage 5

### 2011

    National Road Championships
       1st Road race
       1st Time trial
    Pan American Games
       3rd Road race
       10th Time trial
    Pan American Road Championships
       9th Road race
       10th Time trial

### 2012

    2nd Road race, National Road Championships
    7th Overall Vuelta Mexico Telmex
    7th Overall Vuelta Ciclista a Costa Rica
       1st Stage 11

### 2013

    6th Road race, Pan American Road Championships

### 2014

    National Road Championships
       1st Road race
       2nd Time trial
    1st Sprints classification Vuelta Ciclista a Costa Rica
    Central American and Caribbean Games
       2nd Points race
       5th Road race
# Owen Le Patourel Franklin

Owen Le Patourel Franklin FRCO, ARAM (14 August 1905 – July 1979) was an English composer and organist based in Doncaster and Ascot.

## Life

He was born in London. His father was Ralph Walter Franklin, a dealer in leather canvas goods, and his mother was Bertha Laine Le Patourel from whom he gained his middle name. He was educated at Tollington School and Taunton School. He won the Hubert Kiver Prize at the Royal Academy of Music in 1923.
He was sub-professor of the Royal Academy of Music 1928–1929. He married Doris Mary Abey. They had one son, Derek Owen, born 12 April 1933. He served in the Royal Navy from 1941 - 1946. Whilst in York from 1946 to 1947 he was the conductor of the York Symphony Orchestra.

## Appointments

* Organist at St. Alban's Church, Holborn 1925-1928
* Assistant organist at York Minster 1929–1941, and 1946
* Organist at St. George's Church, Doncaster 1946-1957
* Organist at Ascot Parish Church 1957-1975

## Compositions

He wrote some anthems and a set of responses.
# Mostafa Haghipour

Mostafa Haghipour is an Iranian footballer who currently plays for Tractor Sazi in the Iran Pro League.

## Club career

Haghipour joined Tractor Sazi F.C. in 2010, after spending the previous season at Damash Gilan F.C. in the Azadegan League.
| Club performance | Club performance | Club performance | League | League | Cup | Cup | Continental | Continental | Total | Total |
| Season | Club | League | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Iran | Iran | Iran | League | League | Hazfi Cup | Hazfi Cup | Asia | Asia | Total | Total |
| 2006–07 | Esteghlal Ahvaz | Persian Gulf Cup | 24 | 0 | | | - | - | | |
| 2007–08 | Esteghlal Ahvaz | Persian Gulf Cup | 25 | 1 | | | - | - | | |
| 2008–09 | Saba | Persian Gulf Cup | 2 | 1 | | | - | - | | |
| 2009–10 | Damash Gilan | Azadegan | 22 | 0 | 2 | 0 | - | - | 24 | 0 |
| 2010–11 | Tractor Sazi | Persian Gulf Cup | 5 | 1 | 0 | 0 | - | - | 5 | 1 |
| Total | Iran | Iran | 78 | 3 | | | 0 | 0 | | |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 78 | 3 | | | 0 | 0 | | |
* Assist Goals
| Season | Team | Assists |
| 2010–11 | Tractor Sazi | 0 |
# Rainy River (Marlborough)

The Rainy River is a short river of the northeastern Marlborough Region of New Zealand's South Island. The 790-metre Rainy flows north from the Richmond Range into the Pelorus River, which it reaches five kilometres west of Pelorus Bridge.
# Sudu Kaluwara

Sudu Kaluwara (Sinhala: සුදු කළුවර) is a 2003 Sri Lankan Sinhala film directed by Sudath Rohana and produced by National Film Corporation for NFC Films. It stars Jayalath Manoratne and Sanath Gunathilake, along with Palitha Silva and W. Jayasiri. Music was composed by Navaratne Gamage. The film was filmed around Kalawana area.
This is the first cinema direction by Sudath Rohana, who is a popular teledrama director. It received mainly positive reviews from critics. It is the 1013th Sri Lankan film in the Sinhala cinema. The film has been shot around Kalawewa, Tambuththegama, and Kaltota areas.
A special programme about a preview of Sudu Kaluwara was telecast on Rupavihini on Wednesday, July 31, 2003 at 7.30 pm.

## Cast

* Jayalath Manoratne as Podi Nilame Appuhamy
* Sanath Gunathilake as Seemon Fernando 'Mudalali'
* Geetha Kanthi Jayakody as Lami
* Rathna Lalani Jayakody as Margaret Fernando 'Hamine'
* Indrajith Navinna as Appuhamy 'Appucha'
* Palitha Silva as Dingiri Banda
* Sandeepa Sewmini as Heen Manike
* Buddhadasa Vithanarachchi as Maddu Nilame Appuhamy
* W. Jayasiri as Arachchi
* Lal Kularatne as Heen Manike's father
* Hemasiri Liyanage as Suddhana
* Jayani Senanayake as Heen Manike's mother
* Manohari Wimalathunga as Podi's wife
* Bandula Vithanage as Monk
* Somalatha Subasinghe as Appuhamy's mother
* Damitha Saluwadana as Arachchi's wife
* Sriya Kalubowila as Maddu's wife
* Malkumari Geetharani as Podi's daughter
* Saranapala Jayasuriya as Fired watchman
* Buddhi Wickrama as Registrar
* Wally Nanayakkara as 1st auction viewer