OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Statue of Abu Ja'far al-Mansur

The Statue of Abu Ja'far al-Mansur (Arabic: تمثال أبي جعفر المنصور) is a bronze statue of the second Abbasid Caliph Abu Ja'far al-Mansur who was also the founder and builder of Baghdad which he made the capital of the Caliphate. The statue is located on the Karkh side, in the Mansour district of Baghdad.
The Statue is a bronze sculpture of the face of the Abbasid Caliph, mounted on a brick body that forms a small building decorated with Islamic decoration. The statue is located on a small rounded square decorated with trees and herbs.

## History

The statue was sculpted by the Iraqi sculptor Khaled al-Rahal, one of the most prominent pioneers of the modern Iraqi artistic movement. It was unveiled on January 6, 1977, by Mayor of the capital, Ibrahim Muhammad Ismail, on the occasion of the celebration of the fifty-sixth anniversary of the founding of the Iraqi army during the reign of Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr.

### Modern History

During the US invasion of Iraq, an unidentified gunmen blew up the statue on October 18, 2005. Almost two years after it was blown up, the Baghdad Municipality announced that they will restore the statue in its Baghdadi architectural style.

## Controversy

Due to al-Mansur's poisoning of Ja'far al-Sadiq, the sixth of the 12 imams revered by the Twelver Shi'ism, and some inherited accounts that remember al-Mansur as a tyrant who brutalized the Shi'a sect, many Shi'a extremists have called for the removal and demolition of the statue, inspired by the American and British activists who destroyed statues of Confederate soldiers and slave traders in the eighteenth century. Tired of the sectarian divisions, youth groups from the Shi'a holy city of Najaf defended the statue as "a symbol of Iraqi heritage".
Shi'a extremist groups and members believed to be backed by Iran have also used Twitter in order to spread the campaign using trends which caused the statue to be heavily guarded by Law enforcement forces. On June 12, 2021, Iraqi security forces prevented an attempt to destroy the statue by a group of people armed with axes and hammers.
# Al Mansour Bani Wahb

Al Mansour Bani Wahb (Arabic: آل منصور بني وهب) is a sub-district located in As Sawadiyah District, Al Bayda Governorate, Yemen. Al Mansour Bani Wahb had a population of 6975 according to the 2004 census.
# Aghuzchal

Aghuzchal (Persian: اغوزچال) may refer to:
* Aghuzchal, Langarud, Gilan Province
* Aghuzchal, Mazandaran
# Ak-Buura

The Ak-Buura (Kyrgyz: Ак-Буура) is a river in Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan. It flows through the city Osh, and discharges into the Shahrixonsoy, one of the canals of the Fergana Valley. The river is formed at the north slopes of Alai Mountains. The river is 148 kilometres (92 mi) long, and the watershed covers 2,530 square kilometres (980 sq mi). The long-term average discharge of the river at Tölöykön gauging post (southern boundary of Osh) is 21.4 cubic metres per second (760 cu ft/s), high-water discharge (June–July) ranging from 50 cubic metres per second (1,800 cu ft/s) to 67 cubic metres per second (2,400 cu ft/s) and low-water discharge (January) from 5 cubic metres per second (180 cu ft/s) to 6 cubic metres per second (210 cu ft/s). The main settlements along the river Ak-Buura are the city Osh and the villages Tölöykön, Turuk and Papan.
# Tartu Observatory

The Tartu Observatory (Estonian: Tartu Observatoorium) is the largest astronomical observatory in Estonia. On 1 January 2018, Tartu Observatory was joined again to the University of Tartu, and the observatory is now an institute of the university. It is located on the Tõravere hill, about 20 km south-west of Tartu in Nõo Parish, Tartu County. The old Tartu Observatory, located in Tartu city centre, is known internationally for its connection to Friedrich Georg Wilhelm von Struve and the Struve Geodetic Arc, of which it is the first reference point.

## History

The Tartu Observatory was founded at the Imperial University of Dorpat as it was reopened in 1802. The observatory building was completed in 1810 on the Toome hill in Dorpat. The instruments were installed in 1814 by von Struve who subsequently started observations. In 1824, a 9" Fraunhofer refractor arrived, the largest achromatic telescope in the world at the time. When von Struve began assembling his Geodetic Arc in 1816, the doorstep of the observatory became its first point.
In 1946 the renamed Tartu Observatory was separated from the university and subjected to the Estonian Academy of Sciences. The authorities started to look for the new observational base in 1950. A patch of land on the Tõravere hill was assigned for the purpose and in 1958 construction began. By 1963, the new observatory building was completed, part of the astronomers from the old observatory moved in, and the 50 cm reflector telescope had first light. In 1964, an international conference was held and the Tartu Observatory was renamed von Struve Observatory. In 1974 the 1.5 metre telescope become operational. The name of the observatory was reverted to Tartu Observatory in 1995. In 1998, a 0.6 metre reflector and in 2013, a 0.3 metre modern robotic telescope were installed.
The old observatory building now mainly serves as a museum and is a part of a public science education centre.
Several notable scientists have been associated with the Tartu Observatory: Friedrich Georg Wilhelm von Struve, Johann Heinrich von Mädler, Thomas Clausen, Ernst Julius Öpik, Grigori Kuzmin, Jaan Einasto.

## Equipment

The observatory has three main telescopes. The 1.5 metre Cassegrain reflector, which is the largest optical telescope in Northern Europe, is used for spectroscopic observations. The second and third telescope are a 0.6 metre and 0.31 metre reflectors for photometric observations. There is also a pitch for a collection of meteorological instruments on the observatory grounds.
Tartu Observatory has also laboratories for accurate radiometric calibration for near-UV to shortwave infrared radiation; vacuum-, vibration-, temperature, and electromagnetic compatibility testing.
# Anbar Dan

Anbar Dan or Anbardan (Persian: انباردان) may refer to:
* Anbar Dan, Bostanabad
* Anbardan, Charuymaq
# Cattleya cernua

Cattleya cernua, commonly known as the nodding sophronitis, is a species of orchid occurring from Brazil to northeastern Argentina. It was the type species of the genus Sophronitis until the genus was made synonymous with Cattleya. Twenty plants of C. cernua have received a total of 22 AOS awards. The described flowers range from 1.9 cm to 3.2 cm horizontal spread and from 2.0 cm to 3.0 cm vertical spread.
In nature, Cattleya cernua is pollinated by hummingbirds drawn to the blooms' warm colors. The orchid's cryptic pollinia (masses of pollen which adhere together) provide an interesting adaptation to hummingbird pollination. C. cernua is pollinated when sticky pollinia are deposited on a bird's beak. While most orchid pollinia are yellow, hummingbird pollinated orchids' pollinia are darker colored. A bright yellow pollen would produce a sharp visual contrast against the color of the beak, and the bird would be stimulated to clean his beak. Such a behavior which would be a reproductive disaster for the orchid. Therefore, to avoid detection, half of all hummingbird-pollinated orchids evolved dark pollinia−blue, gray or brown−which most closely approaches the colors which predominate in the birds' beaks and blend in more successfully.

## Species description

* Usually blooms with 2-4 bright red-orange blooms, 1" to 1 1/4" [2.2 to 2.7 cm] in size
* Monofoliate pseudobulbs with appx 1" leaves
* flowers in Spring in nature, but can bloom year-round in cultivation
* generally warm growing orchid, temps range from 50-110F in natural environment
* can be found growing epiphytically or occasionally lithophytically
* chromosome count: 2n= 40
In cultivation, this species grows best when mounted, in warm and bright conditions.

## Subspecies and varieties

* Cattleya cernua var. aurea: bright yellow flowers
* Cattleya cernua var. mineira: has an average of 10 to 14 brilliant red, smaller flowers and silver-grey leaves with violet midribs and margins.
* Cattleya cernua subsp. cernua: has single rows of pseudobulbs, spoon-shaped leaves, 2 to 5 flowers per inflorescence of pale orange colour with a yellow lip base and two lilac column wings. It grows along the coast (littoral) and sometimes is called var. littoreana.
* Cattleya cernua var. lowii: a rare variety with lemon yellow flowers.
* Cattleya cernua subsp. mineira' var. endsfeldzii: an "albino" form that has very pale yellow flowers.
# Shurab Rural District

Shurab Rural District (Persian: دهستان شوراب) may refer to:
* Shurab Rural District (Fars Province)
* Shurab Rural District (Lorestan Province)
# Shamkan District

Shamkan District (Persian: بخش شامکان) is in Sheshtamad County, Razavi Khorasan province, Iran. Its capital is the city of Shamkan, whose population at the time of the 2016 National Census was 1,882 in 581 households.

## History

In 2019, Sheshtamad District was separated from Sabzevar County in the establishment of Sheshtamad County, which was divided into two districts of two rural districts each, with the city of Sheshtomad as its capital. In March 2022, the village of Shamkan was elevated to the status of a city.

## Demographics
### Administrative divisions

Shamkan District :
* Administrative Divisions
* Rob-e Shamat RD
* Shamkan RD
* Shamkan (city)
* RD = Rural District
# Lady Bohwa

Lady Bohwa of the Gaeseong Wang clan (Korean: 보화궁부인 왕씨; Hanja: 寶華宮夫人 王氏; lit. Lady of the Bohwa Palace) was a Goryeo Royal Princess as the fourth child and second daughter of King Gwangjong and Queen Daemok. There was no detailed records about her life.
# Šafařík

Czech: Šafařík or Slovak: Šafárik is a Slavic surname. Female version is Czech: Šafaříková or Slovak: Šafáriková. Notable people with the surname include:
* Pavel Jozef Šafárik (1795–1861), Slovak philologist, poet, Slavist, literary historian, historian and ethnographer
* Vojtěch Šafařík (1829–1902), Czech chemist, son of Pavel Jozef
** 8336 Šafařík, a main belt asteroid
** Šafařík (crater), a small lunar impact crater on the far side of the Moon
# Benji Kirkpatrick

Benji Kirkpatrick (born 1976) is an English folk singer and musician, who plays guitar, bouzouki, mandolin and tenor banjo. A son of folk musicians John Kirkpatrick and Sue Harris, he was brought up in Shropshire. Previously a member of Bellowhead, Faustus and Steeleye Span, he now performs as a solo artist and also as a member of the Seth Lakeman band. He lives in Leamington Spa, Warwickshire.
Kirkpatrick's album of acoustic covers of Jimi Hendrix songs was released in 2015.

## Discography
### EPs

* People, EDJ Records – EDJ014, 2007

### Albums

* Dance in the Shadow, WildGoose Studios – WGS291CD, 1998
* Half a Fruit Pie, Fellside Recordings – FECD181, 2004
* Boomerang, Navigator Records – NAVIGATOR 2, 2007
* Hendrix Songs, EDJ Records – EDJ020, 2015
* Gold Has Worn Away, Westpark, 2019
* In Phase, Hedgerow Recordings (UK), Westpark (EU), 2023
# Sins of the Past

Sins of the Past may refer to:
* "Sins of the Past" (Terriers), 2010 television episode
* Sins of the Past, an episode of Xena: Warrior Princess
* Sins of the Past, an album by Helstar
* "Sins of the Past" (Airwolf), a 1984 television episode
# Bar Rud

Bar Rud or Barrud (Persian: بررود) may refer to:
* Bar Rud, Ahmadi, Hormozgan province
* Barrud, Fareghan, Hormozgan province
* Bar Rud, Razavi Khorasan
* Bar Rud, Fariman, Razavi Khorasan province
* Barrud District, in Razavi Khorasan province
* Barrud Rural District, in Razavi Khorasan province
# Lower Menadue

Lower Menadue (Cornish: Menedh Du, meaning black hill) is a hamlet in the civil parish of Luxulyan, Cornwall, England, UK. Lower Menadue is situated 4 miles (6.4 km) north of St Austell.
# Henry A. Hammel

Henry A. Hammel (September 20, 1840 – November 29, 1902) was a Union Army soldier in the American Civil War who received the U.S. military's highest decoration, the Medal of Honor.
Hammel was born in Germany on September 20, 1840, and entered service at St. Louis, Missouri. He was awarded the Medal of Honor for extraordinary heroism, while a sergeant in Battery A, 1st Missouri Light Artillery, on April 28 and 29, 1863, on board the steamer Cheeseman at Grand Gulf, Mississippi. His Medal of Honor was issued on March 10, 1896.
He died at the age of 62, on November 29, 1902, and was buried at the Bellefontaine Cemetery in St. Louis, Missouri.

## Medal of Honor citation

   The President of the United States of America, in the name of Congress, takes pleasure in presenting the Medal of Honor to Sergeant Henry A. Hammel, United States Army, for extraordinary heroism on April 28 & 29, 1863, while serving with Battery A, 1st Missouri Light Artillery, in action at Grand Gulf, Mississippi. With two comrades Sergeant Hammel voluntarily took position on board the steamer Cheeseman, in charge of all the guns and ammunition of the battery, and remained in charge of the same for considerable time while the steamer was unmanageable and subjected to a heavy fire from the enemy.
# Nexway

Nexway is a French software and service company for eCommerce and payment.
Nexway is headquartered in France, with offices in the US, Japan, and Italy, and employs 80 employees across its offices worldwide.

## History

Nexway was created in 2002 to distribute software to consumers under the name Téléchargement.fr (meaning “download” in French).
* In January 2009, Nexway acquires Boonty.
* In October 2018, Nexway SAS and its affiliates are grouped within the same holding company Nexway Group AG.
* In January 2019, the German company Asknet AG acquires 100% of Nexway Group AG.
* In July 2019 asknet AG renames into Nexway AG. Both companies operate under the same brand since then.
* In April 2020, asknet AG sells Nexway Group AG to the Swiss holding company BPI Bureau de Promotion Immobilière SA, which becomes the sole shareholder of the Nexway Group AG.
# Simafilm

Simafilm (Persian: سیمافیلم) is the Iranian government state IRIB network film production corporation. It was established in 1994. It produces four genres of film for Persian speakers. It's exclusively creating productions for IRIB. This corporation acts as one of the major departments within IRIB organization. It underwent changes in the 2020s with government contracts for productions going through to Simafilm instead of IRIB network. Its CEO is Javad Ramezannejad.
# Donald Hunt (musician)

Donald Frederick Hunt OBE (26 July 1930 – 4 August 2018) was an English musician, from Gloucester. He was a distinguished English choral conductor, having made his conducting debut with the Halifax Choral Society in 1957.
As a boy, Hunt was a chorister at Gloucester Cathedral, and became assistant to the organist Herbert Sumsion in his teens. From 1954 to 1975 he was organist at St John's Church, Torquay. He was later awarded a doctorate from Leeds University (1975) honoris causa, and from 1958 until 1975 he was organist and choirmaster at Leeds Parish Church, whilst concurrently holding positions with the Leeds Philharmonic Society, Halifax Choral Society, Huddersfield Glee & Madrigal Society and Leeds Festival Chorus. He was also Leeds City Organist, and lectured at Leeds College of Music.
In 1976 he became master of choristers and organist at Worcester Cathedral, where he served until 1996. He was associated with the Three Choirs Festival and served as its artistic director and conductor eight times in the period from 1975 to 1996. In 1993 he was awarded an OBE. After he left Worcester Cathedral in 1996 he served as principal of the Elgar School of Music in Worcester (becoming music advisor after 2007) and leading many choral performances. He died on 4 August 2018 at the age of 88.
Hunt was closely associated with the Elgar Society. His published books include studies of Edward Elgar and Samuel Sebastian Wesley. His many recordings included works by Elgar and other British composers such as Charles Villiers Stanford and Herbert Howells.
# Elinor Proby Adams

Elinor Proby Adams (18 October 1885 – 18 December 1945) was a British oil painter, book illustrator and mural painter.

## Biography

Adams was born at Sudbury in Suffolk. Her parents, who had married in 1884, were Clara Elizabeth, née Bradley, and Henry George Adams, a chemist. Her father's work took the family to Bedford, where Elinor was educated in local schools. Adams went on to become a successful student at the Slade School of Art in London. In 1908 she won a prize for figure painting and was subsequently awarded a Slade scholarship and the British Institution scholarship of £100. Upon leaving the Slade, Adams lived in Sevenoaks in Kent for many years and then in Surrey.
Between 1917 and 1941 Adams was a regular exhibitor at the Royal Academy in London, with the New English Art Club, with the London Portrait Society and at the Goupil Gallery. Between 1908 and 1941 Adams also showed on a regular basis with the Royal Institute of Painters in Watercolours. She was a member of the Society of Graphic Artists. She mainly produced oil paintings of animals, landscapes and flowers and also portraits. She also illustrated a number of books and painted murals. Adams lectured on craft techniques and was an art critic and reviewer for the magazine Home and Abroad. A London street scene by Adams is in the collection of the British Museum.
# John Mutsaers

John Mutsaers (born 15 April 1972) is a Dutch former professional footballer who played as a forward.

## Career

Born in Tilburg, he began his career at Willem II. After a spell with RBC, he later played for AZ between 1994 and 2000, scoring 56 goals in 177 appearances in all competitions. He was top scorer of the Eerste Divisie in the 1995–96 season. Although a fan's favourite at AZ, his time there was marred by injury. He had an unsuccessful trial with English club Reading in 1998. He retired from professional football in 2004, after playing with MVV Maastricht. After retiring, he worked as a coach at Willem II, and played amateur football for USI'19 and WSC Waalwijk.

## Personal life

He has one son and two daughters. In 2011, he was living in Oisterwijk, where he worked in the building trade.
# Shakura

Shakura (Russian: Шаку́ра) may refer to:
* Nikolai Shakura (born 1945), Belarusian astronomer
* Shakura S'Aida, Canadian jazz and blues singer
# Yertula

Yertula (Russian: Ертула; Tajik: Ертӯла) is a village in Sughd Region, northern Tajikistan. It is part of Asht District.
# Puketotara, Northland

Puketotara is a statistical area in the Far North District of New Zealand. It covers 55 square kilometres around Puketotara Stream. There are no population centres in the area, with Waipapa being to the northeast, Kerikeri to the east, Waimate North to the south, and Ōkaihau to the southwest. Kerikeri Airport is within the area, and State Highway 10 runs mostly north–south through it. Rainbow Falls (Waianiwaniwa) is on the eastern boundary.

## Demographics

Puketotara covers 55.27 km$^2$ (21.34 sq mi) and had an estimated population of 2,050 as of June 2024, with a population density of 37 people per km$^2$.
Puketotara had a population of 2,007 in the 2023 New Zealand census, an increase of 330 people (19.7%) since the 2018 census, and an increase of 627 people (45.4%) since the 2013 census. There were 999 males, 999 females and 6 people of other genders in 672 dwellings. 2.2% of people identified as LGBTIQ+. The median age was 45.5 years (compared with 38.1 years nationally). There were 363 people (18.1%) aged under 15 years, 294 (14.6%) aged 15 to 29, 957 (47.7%) aged 30 to 64, and 390 (19.4%) aged 65 or older.
People could identify as more than one ethnicity. The results were 87.7% European (Pākehā); 21.2% Māori; 3.6% Pasifika; 3.0% Asian; 1.8% Middle Eastern, Latin American and African New Zealanders (MELAA); and 2.4% other, which includes people giving their ethnicity as "New Zealander". English was spoken by 97.8%, Māori language by 3.7%, Samoan by 0.1% and other languages by 9.7%. No language could be spoken by 1.6% (e.g. too young to talk). New Zealand Sign Language was known by 0.4%. The percentage of people born overseas was 23.8, compared with 28.8% nationally.
Religious affiliations were 23.0% Christian, 0.1% Hindu, 0.3% Islam, 2.2% Māori religious beliefs, 0.6% Buddhist, 0.4% New Age, 0.1% Jewish, and 1.9% other religions. People who answered that they had no religion were 62.5%, and 8.8% of people did not answer the census question.
Of those at least 15 years old, 237 (14.4%) people had a bachelor's or higher degree, 933 (56.8%) had a post-high school certificate or diploma, and 378 (23.0%) people exclusively held high school qualifications. The median income was $38,100, compared with $41,500 nationally. 162 people (9.9%) earned over $100,000 compared to 12.1% nationally. The employment status of those at least 15 was that 789 (48.0%) people were employed full-time, 297 (18.1%) were part-time, and 39 (2.4%) were unemployed.
# Nebuchadnezzar (video game)

Nebuchadnezzar is a city-building game developed and published by Nepos Games for Windows and Linux on December 3, 2020. The game takes place in Ancient Mesopotamia. The game has been compared to Impressions Games' City Building series, especially the fourth entry, Pharaoh.

## Gameplay

The game's campaign tasks the player with building some of the cities in ancient Mesopotamia like Ur, Nineveh and Babylon.

## Release

Nebuchadnezzar was announced on November 2, 2019, for release in 2020. On November 19, 2020, the game was delayed to February 17, 2021. A DLC campaign, The Adventures of Sargon, was released on February 7, 2023.

## Reception

Aggregate score :
| Aggregator | Score |
| Metacritic | 73/100 |
Review scores :
| Publication | Score |
| 4Players | 80/100 |
| GameStar | 70/100 |
| PC Gamer (US) | 64/100 |
| PC Games (DE) | 7/10 |
| CD-Action | 7/10 |
| Gamepressure | 7.0/10 |
| Vortex | 8/10 |
Nebuchadnezzar received "mixed or average" reviews according to review aggregator Metacritic.
PC Gamer summarized: "Nebuchadnezzar isn't lacking for class, but needs to dial up the fun factor." Rock Paper Shotgun criticized the lack of content: "There are temples, but there's no religion. There's no entertainment. No war. No disease. No taxes, even." Eurogamer praised the historical accuracy but described the campaign missions as repetitive.
At the 2021 Czech Game of the Year Awards, Nebuchadnezzar won the Best Technological Solution award.
# Staravina

Staravina (Macedonian: Старавина) is a small village in the municipality of Novaci, North Macedonia. It used to be a municipality of its own and its FIPS code was MK95.

## Demographics

According to the 2002 census, the village had a total of 23 inhabitants. Ethnic groups in the village include:
* Macedonians 22
* Serbs 1
# Neuhäusgen

Neuhäusgen or Neuhaeusgen (Luxembourgish: Neihaischen) is a village in the commune of Schuttrange, in southern Luxembourg. As of 2024, the village had a population of 264.
# Liaudė

The Liaudė is a river in central Lithuania, flowing through Kėdainiai district municipality, Radviliškis district municipality and Panevėžys district municipality. It flows for 39.2 kilometres (24.4 mi) and has a basin area of 183.5 km$^2$ (70.8 sq mi). It is a right tributary of the Nevėžis river.
The river originates by the Vakarai village near Pociūnėliai. It flows in a southeasterly direction, passing Pociūnėliai, Žibartoniai, Paberžė and Užupė. It meets the Nevėžis 2 km from Surviliškis town.
The width of the river course is 5–8 m, the depth is 0.4–1.1 m. The rapidness of the flow is 0.2 meters per second at the upper course and 0.4 meters per second at the lower course.
Following ponds are dammed on the Liaudė river: Pociūnėliai pond, Rūtakiemis pond, Žibartoniai 1st pond, Žibartoniai 2nd pond.
The hydronym Liaudė is of obscure origin, possible explanation is from the root *laud- (as Lithuanian: liaudis 'people, crowd') or it could be of the Finno-Ugric origin (ex. Estonian: laud 'moist').