OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Bandh

Bandh (Hindi: बंध, बंद, romanized: bandh, band, lit. 'closing; shutting down') is a form of protest used by political activists in South Asian countries such as India and Nepal. It is similar to a general strike. During a bandh, a political party or a community declare a general strike. For example, a Bharat bandh is a call for a bandh across India, and a bandh can also be called for an individual state or municipality.
The community or political party declaring a bandh expects the general public to stay at home and not report for work. Shopkeepers are expected to keep their shops closed, and public transport operators are expected to stay off the road. There have been instances when large cities have been brought to a standstill. A bandh is a form of civil disobedience.

## Ban

The Supreme Court of India banned bandhs in 1998, but political parties still organize them. In 2004, the Supreme Court of India fined two political parties, Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) and Shiv Sena, for organizing a bandh in Mumbai as a protest against bomb blasts in the city. Supreme Court permits only voluntary closure of establishments during bandhs.

## Notable bandhs

Bandhs are often by opposition parties. The National Democratic Alliance (NDA) and 13 parties not belonging to the United Progressive Alliance parties called for a nationwide bandh on 5 July 2010, to protest a fuel price hike. The bandh prevented Indians from carrying out day-to-day tasks, especially in states that were ruled by the NDA and the Left. In Nepal, calls for bandhs have increased due to political instability.
On 20 September 2012, the BJP and other parties called for a nationwide bandh in response to economic reforms undertaken by Prime Minister Manmohan Singh and his finance minister Palaniappan Chidambaram. Chief among their grievances were the cut in subsidies for diesel and cooking gas and the decision to allow foreign investors to own majority stakes in the retail sector, including supermarkets and department stores.
On 3 January 2018, Prakash Ambedkar called for a bandh in response to an attack on Buddhists, as well as some Hindu dalit and Sikh people by supporters of the Hindutva ideology at Koregaon Bhima in Pune district, Maharashtra, and the lack of police action against the culprits. More than 50 percent of Maharashtra's population supported or participated in the bandh.
In August 2024 a bharat bandh was called by twenty one organisations in protest at the Indian Supreme Court ruling of 1 August 2024 allowing states to sub-classify scheduled castes and scheduled tribes for preferential employment quotas.
# Marzi Darreh

Marzi Darreh (Persian: مرزيدره, also Romanized as Marzī Darreh; also known as Mīrzā Darreh) is a village in Lafur Rural District, North Savadkuh County, Mazandaran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 120, in 38 families.
# Josephine Haswell Miller

Josephine Haswell Miller (1 October 1890 – 1975) was a Scottish artist, who studied and later taught at the Glasgow School of Art, and exhibited at the Royal Scottish Academy (RSA).

## Life

Born Elizabeth Josephine Cameron in 1890 in Glasgow to Alan and Helen Cameron. Miller attended Woodside School and then the Glasgow School of Art from 1905 to 1914, where she studied painting and design under Maurice Greiffenhagen and Robert Anning Bell, two of the great first generation teachers. As a student, Miller painted the mural Science for Possilpark Library. In her final year at the Glasgow School of Art, Miller won the Haldane travelling scholarship which enabled her to study in Paris and later in London with Walter Sickert.
Miller exhibited with the Glasgow Society of Lady Artists from 1914, was awarded the society's Lauder Prize in 1922 and was later made an honorary member.
Miller married Archibald Eliot Haswell Miller, a military artist and teacher at Glasgow School of Art, in 1916, and the two had a daughter, Sylvia. After their wedding, Miller joined her husband as a member of Glasgow School of Art's teaching staff in 1919, and also worked commercially for Daly's department store in Glasgow, creating fashion drawings and advertisements. In 1923, she and her husband held a joint exhibition. She taught etching and printmaking at the Glasgow School of Art from 1924 to 1932. In 1924 Josephine was elected to the Society of Scottish Artists and in 1938 became the first woman elected an Associate member of the Royal Scottish Academy. When Josephine's husband was appointed Keeper of the Scottish National Portrait Gallery in about 1930, the family moved to Edinburgh. In 1941, Miller became a governor of Edinburgh College of Art. She painted murals in the canteen at the Rosyth Naval Base in 1941 with Mary Armour and Anne Redpath.
In 1952, following Archibald Miller's retirement, the family moved to Dorset. Her RSA pension was withdrawn three years after her departure from Scotland, and she was also debarred from becoming an Academician, however Josephine continued to exhibit at the RSA until her death in 1975.

## Art

Miller worked in oils and watercolours, and would paint still lifes of flowers, or scenes from her travels to Europe, which also provided subjects for etchings. Miller is known to have been fiercely self-critical and to have destroyed much of her own work. One of her most famous works, Memories of the Sea, was exhibited at the Royal Academy in 1937. The painting was inspired by the artist's residence at Hailes Cottage in Kingsknowe near Edinburgh. The painting, realised in cool tonalities, is inspired by marine imagery.
# Sévigny, Orne

Sévigny (French pronunciation: ) is a commune in the Orne department in north-western France.

## Geography

The commune is made up of the following collection of villages and hamlets, Les Buttes, Le Tellier and Sévigny.
Sévigny along with another 69 communes is part of a 20,593 hectare, Natura 2000 conservation area, called the Haute vallée de l'Orne et affluents.
vteNeighbouring communes :
Occagnes
Sévigny
Gouffern en Auge
Moulins-sur-Orne
Argentan :
The Ruisseau des Fontaines Thiot is the only watercourse in the Commune.

## Notable buildings and places

* Haras du Petit Tellier, one of the oldest thoroughbred horse breeding farms in France is based in the Commune.

### National heritage sites

* The New House Tilery, built in 1812 and expanded in 1854, this building was operational up until 1900. It was registered as a Monument historique in 1995.
# Giuseppe Andaloro

Giuseppe Andaloro (born 21 January 1982) is an Italian pianist.
Andaloro was born in Palermo, and studied at the "Giuseppe Verdi" State Conservatory of Music in Milan. He also attended the Academy Mozarteum in Austria. Andaloro won the London World Piano Competition in 2002 and the Bolzano Ferruccio Busoni Competition in 2005, the Hong Kong International Piano Competition in 2008, among others. He has appeared in concert halls around the world, including performances with the London Philharmonic Orchestra, the NHK Symphony Tokyo, and Philharmonische Camerata Berlin.
He was presented with the Italian Ministry of Culture's Award of Artistic Merit in 2005.
During the Academic Year 2013-2014 he got his first teaching assignment to the "Giuseppe Nicolini" Conservatory of Music, in Piacenza.
# Pitas, Malaysia

Pitas (Malay: Pekan Pitas) is the capital of the Pitas District in the Kudat Division of Sabah, Malaysia. Its population was estimated to be around 895 in 2010. The local populace is made up predominantly of ethnic Rungus (majority), Orang Sungai, Tombonuo and Kimaragang descent, with a small number of Malaysian Chinese and other ethnic minorities. Due to its geographical isolation and the general unsuitability of the land for agriculture, Pitas has one of the highest rates of poverty in Sabah.

## Climate

Pitas has a tropical rainforest climate (Af) with heavy to very heavy rainfall year-round.
Climate data for Pitas :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 29.6 (85.3) | 29.9 (85.8) | 30.6 (87.1) | 31.6 (88.9) | 32.0 (89.6) | 31.6 (88.9) | 31.4 (88.5) | 31.4 (88.5) | 30.9 (87.6) | 30.8 (87.4) | 30.4 (86.7) | 29.9 (85.8) | 30.8 (87.5) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 26.2 (79.2) | 26.3 (79.3) | 26.8 (80.2) | 27.6 (81.7) | 27.9 (82.2) | 27.5 (81.5) | 27.2 (81.0) | 27.2 (81.0) | 26.8 (80.2) | 27.0 (80.6) | 26.8 (80.2) | 26.4 (79.5) | 27.0 (80.6) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 22.8 (73.0) | 22.8 (73.0) | 23.1 (73.6) | 23.6 (74.5) | 23.8 (74.8) | 23.5 (74.3) | 23.1 (73.6) | 23.1 (73.6) | 22.8 (73.0) | 23.2 (73.8) | 23.2 (73.8) | 23.0 (73.4) | 23.2 (73.7) |
| Average rainfall mm (inches) | 456 (18.0) | 261 (10.3) | 188 (7.4) | 93 (3.7) | 156 (6.1) | 149 (5.9) | 135 (5.3) | 121 (4.8) | 136 (5.4) | 190 (7.5) | 269 (10.6) | 467 (18.4) | 2,621 (103.4) |
| Source: Climate-Data.org ||||||||||||||
# Owen Biddle Jr.

Owen Biddle Jr. (April 28, 1774 – May 25, 1806) was an American carpenter and builder, based in Philadelphia. A Quaker, he designed that city's Arch Street Friends Meetinghouse circa 1803–1804. A Georgian structure, the building's East and West rooms were added, respectively, in 1804 and 1811.

## Background

Biddle, the son of clockmaker Owen Biddle Sr., is best known for his influential handbook, The Young Carpenter's Assistant, which was published in 1805. In 1833, the book was revised and expanded by Philadelphia architect John Haviland, who republished it as An Improved and Enlarged Edition of Biddle's Young Carpenter's Assistant.
Biddle was elected to the Carpenters' Company of the City and County of Philadelphia in 1800. Three years later, he began work on the Arch Street Friends Meetinghouse, which is still in use today.
From 1805 to 1806, Biddle also designed and oversaw the creation of the Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts Building. In addition, he also played a role in the construction of several homes in Philadelphia's Society Hill neighborhood, several of which still stand, and in creating the Schuylkill Permanent Bridge. America's first covered bridge, the latter structure was designed by Timothy Palmer.

### Death and interment

Biddle died at the age of 32 on May 25, 1806, and was buried on the grounds of the Arch Street Friends Meetinghouse.
# Karine Sergerie

Karine Sergerie (born February 1, 1985) is the 2007 world champion in women's lightweight (under 63 kg) taekwondo. She is Canada's first female world champion in the sport.

## Biography

Sergerie was born in Sainte-Catherine, Quebec, Canada. Her father and coach, Rejean, introduced her to karate at age five. She competed in karate from 1992–1998. He continued to coach her when she took an interest in taekwondo after her older brother took up the sport. She is the six-time consecutive national champion (2002–2007). She is also a graduate of Vanier College in Montreal.

## Career

Sergerie won a silver medal at the 2003 World Taekwondo Championships. Despite this accomplishment, she did not qualify for the 2004 Summer Olympics because of a "contradiction in the selection process". One set of requirements said she needed to win a gold at the Pan-American Games to qualify, while another one did not. Although she did win a bronze medal at the 2003 Pan-Am Games, the Taekwondo Federation of Canada ruled it was not enough.
Sergerie was part of the three member 2008 Canadian Olympic team at the Summer Olympic Games in Taekwondo along with Ivett Gonda and Sébastien Michaud, and also represented Canada in the 2012 Summer Olympics.
In 2008, Karine advanced to the final where she competed against Hwang Kyung-Seon for the gold medal. Her silver medal is Canada's best Olympic placing in the sport.

### Career highlights

* 2008 Beijing Summer Olympics: Silver
* 2007 World Taekwondo Championships: Gold
* 2007 Pan American Games: Gold
* 2007 Canadian Senior National Championships: Gold
* 2006 Pan American Championships: Gold
* 2006 Commonwealth Taekwondo Championships: Gold
* 2006 Canadian Senior National Championships: Gold
* 2005 World Taekwondo Championships: Bronze
* 2005 Canadian Senior National Championships: Gold
* 2004 Canadian Senior National Championships: Gold
* 2003 World Taekwondo Championships: Silver
* 2003 Canadian Senior National Championships: Gold
* 2002 Canadian Senior National Championships: Gold

### Awards

* 2009 Inducted Into the Official Taekwondo Hall of Fame
* Recipient of the 2005 National Championships Most Valuable Player Award.
* The 2005 Taekwondo Spirit award at the National Championships.
* 2006 Most Valuable Player at the Pan Am Championships.
* 2008 Athlete of the Year by Gala Sports-Québec.
# Philippine Councilors League

The Philippine Councilors League (PCL; Filipino: Liga ng mga Konsehal ng Pilipinas) is an official organization in the Philippines composed of all elected, appointed, and ex officio members of legislative councils in the cities and municipalities of the country.
The presidents of the PCL's provincial chapters are ex officio members of their province's legislature (Sangguniang Panlalawigan).

## Overview

Each city in the Philippines has a legislature known as a Sangguniang Panlungsod (city council) composed of 10 to 36 regular members and at least 2 ex officio members. Each municipality in the Philippines also has its respective legislature known as a Sangguniang Bayan (municipal council) composed of 8 regular members and at least 2 ex officio members. All elected, appointed, and ex officio members of those legislative councils automatically become members of the PCL.
The PCL members of a province—i.e. the councilors of a province's component cities and municipalities—elect a president of their provincial chapter who will then serve as an ex officio member of their Sangguniang Panlalawigan (provincial legislature).
Councilors serve three-year terms, renewable twice consecutively. The most recent election was held in 2022, and next is scheduled for 2025.

## History

The idea to form a nationwide organization of councilors emerged in 1989. In July that year, the Metro Manila Councilors League (MMPCL) was formed. They then encouraged councilors outside Metro Manila to form regional and provincial federations. In September 1990, the existing organizations of councilors held the first Philippine Councilors League (PCL) congress in Manila. Guillermo C. Altuna of Quezon City was elected as the first national chairman, while Ponciano D. Subido of Manila was elected the first national president. That same month, the PCL was accredited by the Department of Local Government and registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission. In 1991, the Local Government Code established that each provincial legislature would allocate one seat for the president of the province's PCL chapter.
On February 27, 2020, the outgoing national board declared a failure of elections after the automated election system contracted by the organization to conduct the election of its national officers failed. Competing for the top position were councilors Danilo Dayanghirang from Davao City, who was handpicked by President Rodrigo Duterte, and Jesciel Richard Salceda from Polangui, Albay.

## Leadership

| Term | Chairperson | Chairperson | President | President |
| Term | Name | City or municipality | Name | City or municipality |
| 1990–? | Guillermo C. Altuna | Quezon City | Ponciano D. Subido | Manila |
| 2023–present | Raul Corro | Muntinlupa | Handy Lao | Laoag |
# Bazhang River

The Bazhang River, also spelled Pachang River, (Chinese: 八掌溪; pinyin: Bāzhǎng Xī; Wade–Giles: Pa$^1$-chang$^3$ Hsi$^1$) is a river in Taiwan. It flows through Chiayi City, Chiayi County and Tainan City for 81 km.

## History

On July 22, 2000, the Bazhang River experienced extreme flooding. Four workers on a riverbed construction project became trapped in the river by flash flooding. After waiting for over three hours for air rescue, to the shock of viewers on live television, the workers were swept away by floodwaters. Another flood event occurred in 2001.

## Outflows

* Lantan Lake

## Bridges

* Dijiu Suspension Bridge
# James Harcourt (organist)

James Harcourt (27 October 1818 - 1883) was an English organist and composer.

## Education

He was apprenticed to Alfred Pettet at St Peter Mancroft in Norwich, and succeeded him in 1851.
He was also Conductor of Norwich Choral Society.

## Appointments

* Organist of St Stephen's Church, Norwich 1837 - 1839
* Organist of St Peter Mancroft 1851 - 1877
* Organist of Wymondham Abbey 1880 - 1881

## Compositions

* Sonata for Violin (or Concertina) and Pianoforte 1861
* Andante 1862
* Three Organ Movements 1863
# Radbuza

The Radbuza (Czech pronunciation:; German: Radbusa) is a river in the Czech Republic, the secondary source river of the Berounka River. It flows through the Plzeň Region. It is 109.7 km (68.2 mi) long, making it the 17th longest river in the Czech Republic.

## Etymology

The name is derived from the personal Slavic name Radbud. The land through which the river flows once belonged to someone of that name.

## Characteristic

The Radbuza originates in the territory of Rybník in the Upper Palatine Forest at an elevation of 689 m (2,260 ft) and flows to Plzeň, where it joins the Mže at an elevation of 301 m (988 ft) and together they form the Berounka. It is 109.7 km (68.2 mi) long, making it the 17th longest river in the Czech Republic. Its drainage basin has an area of 2,189.6 km$^2$ (845.4 sq mi), of which 7.3 km$^2$ (2.8 sq mi) is in Germany.
The longest tributaries of the Radbuza are:
| Tributary | Length (km) | River km | Side |
| Úhlava | 104.0 | 4.6 | right |
| Merklínka | 39.4 | 34.8 | right |
| Zubřina | 33.2 | 53.0 | right |
| Černý potok | 28.3 | 66.9 | right |
| Luční potok | 16.9 | 9.1 | left |

## Settlements

The river flows through the municipal territories of Rybník, Bělá nad Radbuzou, Hostouň, Srby, Horšovský Týn, Křenovy, Staňkov, Holýšov, Hradec, Stod, Chotěšov, Vstiš and Dobřany before joining the Mže in Plzeň.

## Bodies of water

There are 154 bodies of water larger than 1 ha in the basin area. The largest of them and the only body of water built on the Radbuza is the České údolí Reservoir with an area of 151.5 ha (374 acres).

## Fauna

The river is home to a population of Eurasian beaver as well as nutria, which is a non-native species.

## Tourism

The Radbuza is suitable for river tourism. It belongs to the undemanding rivers suitable for beginner paddlers and is navigable for most of the year.
# Martin Boehm

Martin Boehm (November 30, 1725 – March 23, 1812) was an American clergyman and pastor. He was the son of Jacob Boehm and Barbara Kendig who settled in Lancaster, Pennsylvania. Boehm married Eve Steiner in 1753 and in 1756 he was chosen by lot to become the minister of the local German-speaking Mennonite church.
Although raised a Mennonite, he lacked the assurance of the presence and power of Jesus Christ in his life and he prayed for a heart-warming experience, to deepen his personal faith. Then one day, after many months of prayer and meditation he had an epiphany. After this, Martin preached with confidence and fervor. In 1761, Martin was advanced to the office of bishop in the Mennonite tradition.
On May 10, 1767, in a Great Meeting held at Long's Barn near Lancaster, Pa., Boehm met Philip William Otterbein, an ordained missionary to German speaking residents in America for the Reformed Church in Germany. Otterbein was so impressed with Boehm's passionate message that afterwards he embraced Boehm and declared, "Wir sind Brüder" (We are brethren). From that moment, the two were lifelong friends and companions.
In 1774, Boehm opened his home to a Methodist group that needed a place to meet. Soon the members of his family became Methodists, while he remained a Mennonite.
In 1791 Boehm donated land six miles south of Lancaster to that Methodist group to build religious buildings. That same year a church was built and named Boehm's Chapel.
In 1774, Otterbein helped a splinter group from a Reformed Evangelical church in Baltimore become the Second Reformed Evangelical Church and, with Boehm’s encouragement, he became its pastor.
Both men continued their outreach to others and both were strongly influenced by Methodist beliefs. They had a number of followers.
In 1800, after being expelled by the Mennonites for being too evangelical, Boehm and Otterbein formed the Church of the United Brethren in Christ, and they were elected the denomination's first two bishops.
In 1802, Boehm joined the Methodist Episcopal Church while still a bishop of the United Brethren Church, becoming a bishop there too.
He is believed to be a descendant of Jakob Boehme. His youngest child of eight children, Henry Boehm, also became a clergyman.
Martin Boehm died on March 23, 1812. Methodist Episcopal Church Bishop Francis Asbury and Boehn's son Henry Boehm, a Methodist pastor, conducted a memorial service for Boehm on April 5, 1812.

## Restoration to Bishop Emeritus

On February 26, 2016, the bishops of the Lancaster Mennonite Conference unanimously approved a resolution to "grant a remission of the censure of excommunication to Martin Boehm and a restoration of his bishop creditial, emeritus." The resolution was presented, and a written confession signed, by three Mennonite bishops at the 225th anniversary of Boehm's Chapel on June 26, 2016, to a crowd of more than 250 witnesses.
# Kate Sanderson

Kate Farley Sanderson (born 1 March 2000) is a Canadian swimmer. She competed in the women's 5 km and women's 10 km events at the 2019 World Aquatics Championships held in Gwangju, South Korea. In the 5 km event she finished in 24th place and in the 10 km event she finished in 35th place. In 2019, she also competed in the women's marathon 10 kilometres at the Pan American Games held in Lima, Peru and she finished in 6th place.
In 2018, Sanderson finished in 10th place in the women's 10 kilometre open water at the Pan Pacific Swimming Championships in Tokyo, Japan. She also competed in the women's 800 metre freestyle and women's 1500 metre freestyle events.
Sanderson represented Canada at the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo, Japan in the women's marathon 10 kilometre event. She finished in 18th place.