OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Veni Markovski

Veni Milanov Markovski is a Bulgarian Internet entrepreneur, co-founder and CEO (until 2002) of the Bulgarian ISP bol.bg. He is currently ICANN's Vice-President for UN engagement, based in New York.

## Biography

Markovski is a graduate of the Law Faculty of the Sofia University «St. Kliment Ohridski» with Master of Science degree in law (1997).
Markovski first came into contact with the Internet in September 1990, by becoming one of the first system operators of a Bulletin Board System, part of FidoNet in Sofia, Bulgaria.
In 1993 he co-founded and was CEO until 2002 of bol.bg, the first in the Internet history of Bulgaria Internet Service Provider in the capital, Sofia (and second overall in the country), which was using in the beginning the Russian Moscow-based private network GlasNet to connect to the Internet. In 1995 Markovski co-founded the Internet Society of Bulgaria – a non-profit think tank, promoting Internet usage and digital rights in Bulgaria. The company was sold entirely in 2008 to a foreign investor.
Markovski was project managing a number of Free/Open Source Software projects, funded by the UNDP and the European Union.
From 2006 until 2009, Markovski was senior adviser on international projects to the chairman of Bulgarian State Agency for IT and Communications to the Council of Ministers. From December 2012 he was ICANN's Vice-President, responsible for Russia, Eastern Europe, and the CIS (He was the ICANN's regional manager for the same region since 2007.). Starting March 20, 2014 he's vice-president, responsible for relations with the UN, UN agencies, and the permanent missions to the UN. He is the CEO of a privately held consulting company, and participates regularly in events, related to Internet public policy and cybersecurity.
As head of the Internet Society - Bulgaria, Markovski has been member of the Bulgarian delegation to the U.N. World Summit on Information Society (WSIS) in 2003 and 2005, and is regularly participating in ITU-related events since 2002. He participated in the negotiations of the WSIS+10 Review in 2015, and in December that year addressed the U.N. General Assembly.
For 10 years he was chairman of the IT advisory committee to the Bulgarian President Georgi Parvanov (Bulgarian Socialist Party; March 2002 – January 2012) – a non-paid position, where he served together with people like Vint Cerf, George Sadowsky, Esther Dyson and others. Markovski has been a Member of the ICANN Board (June 2003 – December 2006), he also served as a member of the board of trustees of the international Internet Society from 2002 to 2007, and was on the board of directors of the CPSR (2003–2005).

## Publications

* Markovski, Veni (2018). Caught in the Net. Sofia University Press. ISBN 978-954-07-4488-9.
# Khatyngnakh (river)

The Khatyngnakh (Russian: Хатынгнах; Yakut: Хатыҥнаах, Xatıŋnaax), or Khatynnakh (Хатыннах), is a river in the Sakha Republic (Yakutia), Russia. It is the longest tributary of the Uyandina. The river has a length of 444 kilometres (276 mi) —600 kilometres (370 mi) together with the Donskaya— and a drainage basin area of 10,100 square kilometres (3,900 sq mi).
The Khatyngnakh is fed by snow and rain. It flows north of the Arctic Circle, across desolate territories of the Aby District.

## Course

The Khatyngnakh is a left tributary of the Uyandina. It is formed by the confluence of the 156 km (97 mi) long Donskaya from the left and the 115 km (71 mi) long 2nd Nonchondzhya (2-я Нонгонджя) from the right, both rivers having their sources in the southern slopes of the Polousny Range.
The Khatyngnakh flows meandering roughly southwards across a vast floodplain in the northern sector of the Aby Lowland, where there are innumerable lakes and swamps. Finally the river joins the left bank of the Uyandina 170 km (110 mi) from its mouth in the Indigirka.

### Tributaries

The main tributaries of the Khatyngnakh are the 219 km (136 mi) long Esterikteekh (Эстэриктээх), the 41 km (25 mi) long Ryumkalaakh (Рюмкалаах) and the 33 km (21 mi) long Bysagyrdaakh (Бысагырдаах) on the right, as well as the 101 km (63 mi) long Mekchirge (Мэкчиргэ) and the 65 km (40 mi) long Kirdik (Кирдик) on the left. The river is frozen between the beginning of October and the beginning of June. There are more than 1,500 lakes in its basin with a total area of 185 km$^2$ (71 sq mi).
# Amour Amour Diamond Dog Collar

The most expensive dog collar in the world is the $3.2 million, diamond-studded Amour Amour, once called “the Bugatti of dog collars”.
The chandelier-design, 52-carat collar has over 1,600 hand-set diamonds, with a 7-carat, D-IF (flawless) color-graded, brilliant-shaped centerpiece. The Amour Amour also uses platinum, 18-carat white gold and crocodile leather.
The collar has been featured nationally on E! Entertainment Television’s "World’s Most Expensive," on Fox News Fox & Friends, an episode of NBC’s “It’s Worth What?" and an episode of ABC’s “20/20.”
It has also appeared on several online blogs, including Newsweek’s “Nine Most Ridiculously Expensive Pet Gifts,” People Pets, Daily Kibble, Hollywood Life, and Teddy Hilton.
The collar was featured internationally in a German “The World of the Super Rich” documentary.
# Rajendra Najardhane

Rajendra Waman Najardhane is a member of the 13th Maharashtra Legislative Assembly. He represents the Umarkhed Assembly Constituency. He belongs to the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP). He had unsuccessfully contested the 2009 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly elections on the BJP ticket but lost to Vijay Khadse of the Indian National Congress. In the 2014 election, his victory was amongst the five seats won by the BJP, that resulted in the Indian National Congress (INC) not being able to win a single seat in Yavatmal district.
# Alireza Monadi

Alireza Monadi Sefidan (Persian: ‌‌علیرضا منادی سفیدان; born 1969) is an Iranian politician.
Monadi was born in Tabriz. He is a member of the 8th, 9th, 11th and 12th Islamic Consultative Assembly, from the electorate of Tabriz, Osku and Azarshahr, along with Hadi Gharaseyyed Romiani, Masoud Pezeshkian, Mohammad Hosein Farhanghi, Mohammad Esmaeil Saeidi and Reza Rahmani. Monadi won the 9th parliamentary election with 154,388 (26.24%) votes. Mondi Sefidan was a member of the board of directors of the Parliament of Iran in the 9th term. He is the current chairman of Education, Research and Technology Commission of the Parliament of Iran in the 11th and 12th term.
# Rajendra Trivedi

Advocate Rajendra Suryaprasad Trivedi, also known as Rajubhai Vakil, is the former Cabinet Minister of Gujarat and the former Speaker of Gujarat Legislative Assembly and was the Minister of Gujarat for Sports, Youth and Cultural activities department (Independent charge) and Pilgrimage Development in Vijay Rupani Ministry.
He is the serving MLA from Raopura of Vadodara District, Gujarat.
He was re elected in 2017 Gujarat Assembly Election from Raopura (Vidhan Sabha constituency) with a margin of more than 40000 votes.
# Charles Dalton (actor)

Charles Dalton (1864—1942) was an English born stage actor who had a lengthy Broadway career. He made his first stage appearance in 1883 and toured the English provinces for over a decade before heading to New York City in 1896. He appeared in 1896 in a production of Wilson Barrett's The Sign of the Cross. His last Broadway appearance was in 1940 in a production of Richard II.

## Filmography

* Fighting Odds (1917)
* The Wakefield Case (1921)
# Mala Kapela Tunnel

Mala Kapela Tunnel (Croatian: Tunel Mala Kapela) is the most significant structure on the Croatian A1 motorway route. As it is 5,821 metres (19,098 ft) long (northbound tube), Mala Kapela Tunnel is the longest tunnel in Croatia. The tunnel is geographically located between the villages of Jezerane and Modruš (although it cannot be accessed from the villages directly), and between Ogulin and Brinje motorway interchanges. The tunnel passes through the Mala Kapela mountain in the northeast-southwest direction. The first tunnel tube through the Mala Kapela mountain was completed in 2005, and was used for both directions of traffic until the second tube was completed in 2009.
The tunnel is tolled within the A1 motorway closed toll collection system. There are no other toll plazas related to use of the tunnel.

## Characteristics

The northern portal of the tunnel is located at elevation of 562 m.a.s.l., while the southern one is found at 575 m.a.s.l. The tunnel tubes are not equally long - the northbound tube is 5,821 metres (19,098 ft) long, while the southbound one is somewhat shorter, as it is 5,780 metres (18,960 ft) long. The tunnel tubes are excavated 25 metres (82 ft) m apart, and are linked by 6 vehicle passages and 14 pedestrian passages.
The tunnel comprises 7.7 metres (25 ft) wide carriageways, permitting driving speeds of up to 100 km/h. The tunnel features an autonomous drainage system channeling water accumulating during cleaning of the tunnel, as well as seeping water and liquids spilled in accidents or used for firefighting.
The tunnel was executed using New Austrian Tunnelling method, by means of drilling and explosive blasting. Numerous caves, caverns and other speleological structures were found during the construction, but all of those were addressed successfully.
The tunnel is equipped with variable traffic signs in order to ensure enhanced safety of the traffic, regulated from traffic control centres along the A1 motorway. Electronic equipment of the tunnel allows radio reception of two UHF radio frequencies (HR1 at 92.1 MHz and HR2 at 98.5 MHz) as well as use of cell phones. Electrical power is supplied to the tunnel through one 35 kV switching station at each end of the tunnel and 8 distribution switching stations in the tunnel itself. A backup electrical power supply is also provided to ensure continuous operation of the tunnel.

## Traffic volume

Traffic is regularly counted and reported by Croatian Motorways Ltd, operator of the A1 motorway and the tunnel, and published by Hrvatske Ceste. Substantial variations between annual (AADT) and summer (ASDT) traffic volumes are attributed to the fact that the motorway carries substantial tourist traffic to the Dalmatian Adriatic resorts. The traffic count is performed using analysis of toll ticket sales.
Mala Kapela Tunnel traffic volume :
| Road | Counting site | AADT | ASDT | Notes |
| A1 | 3025 Ogulin south | 12,640 | 31,166 | Between Ogulin and Brinje interchanges. |
# Norman Catherine

Norman Catherine (born September 1949 in East London, South Africa) is a South African artist whose body of work spans painting, sculpture, printmaking and mixed media. He collaborated closely with iconic South African artist Walter Battiss on the Fook Island concept from 1973.
Norman Catherine's artistic career began in 1969 with his first solo exhibition at the Herbert Evans Gallery in Johannesburg, which included oil paintings on wood, bone, wire and a variety of found objects. Since then he has continued to create new work and develop his style. Hazel Friedman describes his development as follows
"In the thirty years spanning his past and present output, Catherine’s visual trademarks have included rough-edged comical and nightmarish forms, rendered in brash cartoon colours. His idiosyncratic vision – a combination of dark cynicism and exuberant humour, as well as his innovative use of everyday material, has secured his place at the forefront of South African contemporary art" Hazel Friedman on Norman Catherine .
He lives and works from his home, named Fook Manor, near the Hartbeespoort Dam outside of Pretoria.

## Style and themes

Norman Catherine's work spans a variety of media including painting, sculpture, mixed media, printmaking, tapestry and bronze. His work is characterised by a dystopian vision of the socio-political landscape that shapes his psyche. Themes such as history, horror, crime, conflict, psychosis, politics and pathology stimulate his creative process, which oscillates between the macabre and the comic. He conveys his cynical outlook by juxtaposing dark and light sentiments, moving between an inner hallucinatory realm and a literal commentary on the material world.
His work is represented in public and private collections in South Africa and internationally, including the Museum of Modern Art (MoMA) and the Brooklyn Museum in New York. In 1993, he was invited to exhibit for the South African Pavilion at the 45th Venice Biennale. In 2006, the Johannesburg Art Gallery (JAG) presented a retrospective entitled 'Now & Then'.
# National Aerospace Laboratory of Japan

The National Aerospace Laboratory of Japan (NAL), was established in July 1955. Originally known as the National Aeronautical Laboratory, it assumed its present name with the addition of the Aerospace Division in 1963. Since its establishment, it has pursued research on aircraft, rockets, and other aeronautical transportation systems, as well as peripheral technology. NAL was involved in the development of the autonomous ALFLEX aircraft and the cancelled HOPE-X spaceplane.
NAL has also endeavored to develop and enhance large-scale test facilities and make them available for use by related organizations, with the aim of improving test technology in these facilities.
The NAL began using computers to process data since the 1960s. It began working to develop supercomputer and numerical simulation technologies in order to execute full-scale numeric simulations. The NAL, in collaboration with Fujitsu, developed the Numerical Wind Tunnel parallel supercomputer system, which went into operation in 1993. From 1993 to 1995, it was the most power supercomputer in the world, and was one of the top 3 in the world until 1997. It remained in use for 9 years after it began operations.
On October 1, 2003, NAL, which had focused on research and development of next-generation aviation, merged with the Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), and the National Space Development Agency (NASDA) of Japan into one Independent Administrative Institution: the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA).
# Billy Raybould

William Henry Raybould (born 6 May 1944) is a former Wales international rugby union player.
He was capped eleven times as a centre for Wales between 1967 and 1970, winning his last cap as a replacement. He scored one drop goal for Wales.
Raybould was selected for the 1968 British Lions tour to South Africa but did not play in any of the internationals against South Africa.
He represented Cambridge in the 1966 Varsity Match and played club rugby for Cardiff, London Welsh and Newport
# 2002 FAI Cup final

The 2002 FAI Cup Final was the final match of the 2001–02 FAI Cup, a knock-out association football competition contested annually by clubs affiliated with the Football Association of Ireland. It took place on Sunday 7 April 2002 at Tolka Park in Dublin, and was contested by Dundalk and Bohemians. The competition was sponsored by Carlsberg. Dundalk won the match 2–1 to win the cup for the ninth time.

## Background

The two sides' three previous meetings that season had been in the League, with Dundalk winning the first match in Oriel Park, and the next two matches being draws. The final was played seven days after Dundalk had been relegated from the League of Ireland Premier Division, having finished 10th. To reach the final, they had defeated Galway United (1–0 in a replay after a 1–1 draw), Kilkenny City (3–2), Finn Harps (2–0 in a replay following a 1–1 draw) and Shamrock Rovers (4–0).
Bohemians were the cup holders, having won the League and Cup Double the year before. A poor start to the season had seen them finish fourth in the League in 2001–02, missing out on Europe via the League in the process. They had overcome Longford Town, Bray Wanderers and Derry City to reach the final. The winners of the final would qualify for the 2002–03 UEFA Cup qualifying round.
The match was broadcast live on RTÉ One in Ireland with commentary from George Hamilton. Highlights of the match were broadcast that evening on Sky Sports in Ireland and the United Kingdom.

## Match
### Summary

Despite failing to beat Dundalk in three league matches, Bohemians (managed by future Dundalk manager Stephen Kenny) were the pre-match favourites. After an evenly contested opening half hour, they took control of the match and opened the scoring through right-back Tony O'Connor in the 40th minute. Garry Haylock then equalised for Dundalk, turning and firing home from a David Hoey cross a minute before half-time. Haylock then scored his second goal from a corner, four minutes after half-time, to give Dundalk a 2–1 lead. Simon Webb of Bohemians was sent off in the 74th minute for committing a professional foul after he brought down Martin Reilly as Dundalk were trying to counterattack. Dundalk controlled the remainder of the match to win the club's ninth FAI Cup - their first since 1988.

### Details

| Dundalk | Bohemians |
| GK | John Connolly |
| RB | John Whyte |
| CB | Donal Broughan |
| CB | Stephen McGuinness |
| LB | David Crawley (c) |
| RM | David Hoey |
| CM | Ciaran Kavanagh |
| CM | John Flanagan |
| LM | Chris Lawless | 72' |
| CF | Martin Reilly |
| CF | Garry Haylock | 86' |
| Substitutes: ||
| MF | Cormac McArdle | 72' |
| MF | Cormac Malone | 86' |
| Manager: ||
| Martin Murray ||
| GK | Wayne Russell |
| RB | Tony O'Connor |
| CB | Colin Hawkins (c) |
| CB | Stephen Caffrey |
| LB | Simon Webb | 74' |
| RM | Fergal Harkin | | 80' |
| CM | Kevin Hunt |
| CM | Dave Morrisson | | 72' |
| LM | Mark Rutherford |
| CF | Glen Crowe |
| CF | Trevor Molloy | | 85' |
| Substitutes: ||
| MF | Dave Hill | | 72' |
| DF | Paul Byrne | | 80' |
| FW | Gary O'Neill | | 85' |
| Manager: ||
| Stephen Kenny ||
# Shuravash

Shuravash (Persian: شورواش) may refer to:
* Shuravash-e Olya
* Shuravash-e Sofla
# Glulam Gallery

The Glulam Gallery (Malay: Galeri Glulam) is a gallery in Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia.

## History

The project to build the gallery started in 2009 when the design process started. Construction of the building was completed on 15 November 2011. It was then delivered by the Public Works Department to Malaysian Timber Industry Board (MTIB) on 5 December 2011. On 15 March 2012, the project was recognised by The Malaysia Book of Records to be the first completed building in Malaysia that uses glued laminated timber as the load bearing structure in which the use of the timber exceeded 80% of the total building material. The gallery was then inaugurated on 22 May 2012 by Deputy Prime Minister Muhyiddin Yassin.

## Architecture

As written on its name, the building is made of glued laminated timber, or glulam in short. The gallery is built on 4.9 hectares of land owned by MTIB and showcases the use of adhesives and wood laminates as a loadbearing architectural structure and building cladding. It uses 39 sets of glulam load-bearing structures made from timbers. The gallery is internally configured as an exposition, banquet, conference and seminar centre for hire. It consists of three halls, in which two halls are made available for public use and another hall is used for showcase gallery of MTIB products.
# Mikhail Morozov

Mikhail Morozov (Russian: Михаил Морозов) may refer to the following people:
* Mikhail Mikhailovich Morozov (1897-1952), Russian Shakespeare scholar and translator
* Mikhail Morozov (art collector) (1870-1903), Russian businessman, art collector and patron of art
# Owls Do Cry

Owls Do Cry is a modernist novel by New Zealand author Janet Frame. Published in 1957, the book covers the story of the Withers siblings, who live in a seaside town in the South Island through a period of 20 years. The book extensively covers Daphne Withers' journey, including undergoing lobotomy. Owls Do Cry is the first novel written by Frame and its content is loosely based on Frame's life, particularly her experience of spending eight years in and out of mental asylums, greatly influenced the content of the novel.
# Mindanao languages

The Mindanao or Southern Philippine languages are an obsolete proposal for a subgroup of the Austronesian languages comprising the Danao languages, the Manobo languages and Subanon, all of which are spoken in Mindanao, Philippines.
Blust (1991) includes the three groups as separate branches in a larger Greater Central Philippine subgroup (together with the Central Philippine, Southern Mindoro, Palawan and Gorontalo–Mongondow branches), and there is no evidence that they are more closely related to each other than to the other branches of the Greater Central Philippine subgroup.
# Welsh Football Trust

The FAW Trust (Welsh: Ymddiriedolaeth Bêl-droed Cymru) (formerly known as the Welsh Football Trust) (founded 1996) is recognised as a governing body of sport in Wales by Sport Wales. It was established by the Football Association of Wales (FAW) to encourage more children in Wales to play football, to develop player and coaching talent and to support the future success of Welsh national teams. In addition to the FAW, the FAW Trust is supported by the Welsh Government, Sport Wales and the Premier League.
The FAW Trust is based at the National Football Development Centre, Dragon Park, Newport International Sports Village, Newport.
# Sokyr

The Sokyr (Kazakh: Соқыр) is a river in the Karaganda Region, Kazakhstan. It is 102 kilometres (63 mi) long and has a catchment area of 3,220 square kilometres (1,240 sq mi).
The river is one of the main tributaries of the Sherubainura, Nura basin. It flows across Bukhar-Zhyrau District in the Karaganda coal basin area. Its water is not suitable for drinking, but it serves the purpose of watering local livestock.

## Course

The Sokyr has its sources in an artesian aquifer near Kumiskudyk, 6 km (3.7 mi) to the east of Karakudyk (Қарақұдық) village. It heads initially southwestwards with low hills rising above its right bank and a plain on the left bank. Midway through its course it bends roughly to the WNW, flows past the southern outskirts of Karaganda city and bends to the northwest. Its main tributaries are the Bukpa, Ashchylayrik and Karagandinka. Finally, the Sokyr reaches the Sherubainura and enters it from the right bank near Karazhar (Қаражар). The last stretch of the river often stops flowing, splitting into disconnected pools before it dries up.
The Sokyr freezes between early November and April. The valley is between 2 km (1.2 mi) and 5 km (3.1 mi) wide in its upper stretch, widening further to almost 8 km (5.0 mi) near its mouth. The river channel has a width of 30 m (98 ft) to 40 m (130 ft) in the upper course and 50 m (160 ft) to 60 m (200 ft) in the lower reaches. The 4 km (2.5 mi) long and 2 km (1.2 mi) wide Fedorov Reservoir, built in 1941 by filling with river water a coal mine pit, is located in the lower course of the Sokyr. The river is fed by rainfall and snow.

## Fauna

The main fish species in the Sokyr include crucian carp, pike, perch, roach and karabalik.
# Banggai language

The Banggai language is the main language spoken by the inhabitants of the Banggai Archipelago off the island of Sulawesi. It belongs to the Saluan–Banggai branch of the Celebic subgroup.
Historically, Banggai was a spoken language without a long literary history. The earliest surviving manuscript in the Banggai language comes from the 19th century, the account of a Banggai fisherman who was sold into slavery by Maguindanaoan raiders in the 1860s-70s before escaping.

## Phonology
### Consonants

| | | Labial | Dental/ Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal |
| Nasal | Nasal | m | n | | ŋ | |
| Plosive | voiceless | p | t | | k | ʔ |
| Plosive | voiced | b | d | | ɡ | |
| Plosive | prenasal vl. | ᵐp | ⁿt | | ᵑk | |
| Plosive | prenasal vd. | ᵐb | ⁿd | | ᵑɡ | |
| Fricative | Fricative | | s | | | h |
| Rhotic | Rhotic | | r | | | |
| Lateral | Lateral | | l | | | |
| Approximant | Approximant | w | | j | | |
* /s/ may also be heard as prenasal [ⁿs] when after nasal sounds.
* Other sounds like [tʃ, dʒ, ɲ] are heard in loanwords from neighboring languages.

### Vowels

| | Front | Central | Back |
| Close | i iː | | u uː |
| Mid | e eː | | o oː |
| Open | | a aː | |
* Vowels /e, o/ can also be heard as [ɛ, ɔ] in closed syllables.