OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Edward Rudge

Edward Rudge FSA (27 June 1763 – 3 September 1846) was an English botanist and antiquary.

## Life

He was the son of Edward Rudge, a merchant and alderman of Salisbury, who possessed a large portion of the abbey estate at Evesham. He matriculated from Queen's College, Oxford, on 11 October 1781, but took no degree. His attention was early turned to botany, through the influence of his uncle, Samuel Rudge (died 1817), a retired barrister, who formed an herbarium, which passed to his nephew. His uncle's encouragement and the purchase of a fine series of plants from The Guianas, collected by Joseph Martin, led Rudge to study the flora of that country, and to publish between 1805 and 1807 Plantarum Guianæ rariorum icones et descriptiones hactenus ineditæ, fol. London.
Between 1811 and 1834 he conducted a series of excavations in those portions of the Evesham Abbey estate under his control, and communicated the results to the Society of Antiquaries of London, who figured the ruins and relics discovered in their Vetusta Monumenta, accompanied by a memoir from Rudge's son. In 1842 he erected an octagon tower on the battlefield of Evesham, commemorative of Simon de Montfort, earl of Leicester.
Rudge was at an early period elected a fellow of the Society of Antiquaries, to the Linnean Society in 1802, and to the Royal Society in 1805. In 1829 he was appointed High Sheriff of Worcestershire.
He died at the Abbey Manor House, Evesham, on 3 September 1846. He married twice, including to the botanist Anne Rudge (1761–1836). A genus of the family Rubiaceae was named Rudgea in his honour by Richard Anthony Salisbury in 1806 (Trans. of Linn. Soc. viii. 326). His library of botanical and travel books, some inherited from his uncle Samuel Rudge, was sold by his descendant John Edward Rudge in 1930.
Besides the work above named, Rudge was author of some seven botanical papers in the Royal and Linnean societies' publications, and of several papers in Archæologia. One of these was a 'Description of Seven New Species of Plants from New Holland'.
His son, Edward John Rudge, M.A. (1792–1861), of Caius College, Cambridge, and barrister-at-law, was a fellow of the Society of Antiquaries, and author of Some Account of the History and Antiquities of Evesham, 1820, and Illustrated and Historical Account of Buckden Palace, 1839.

## Work

* Rudge, Edward (1805). Plantarum Guianae rariorum icones et descriptiones hactenus ineditae (in Latin). London: Sumptibus auctoris.
# That Which That Orphan Saw

That Which That Orphan Saw (Persian: آنک آن یتیم نظر کرده) is a novel by Iranian author Mohammad Reza Sarshar about the life of Mohammad, the prophet of Islam. That Which That Orphan Saw has received numerous awards and has been reprinted many times in Iran. The idea for writing the novel came to Sarshar in 1980 because he believed that there were no valuable life stories about Mohammad available for teenagers.

## Narrative

The first part of That Which That Orphan Saw starts with a dream of Abdul-Muttalib in which he is ordered to dig the Zamzam Well. He finds the place to dig near Mecca. The Quraysh are against digging the well and ask Abdul-Muttalib not to do this. Finally, they agree to visit a priest and accept his judgement. Some of the Quraysh head towards the place of the priest along with Abdul-Muttalib. They miss the way and come across a difficult situation so that they let Abdul-Muttalib dig the well. Abdul-Muttalib finds a treasure while digging the well. The Quraysh tribe believe that the treasure belongs to all of them and so they decide to equitably share each part of the treasure.
Abdul-Muttalib wished to have many sons in order to protect himself from the invasions. When his dream comes true, he decides to sacrifice one of his sons based on his covenant with God. His dearest son, Abdullah is chosen by chance to be sacrificed. When he tries to sacrifice his son they prohibit him and advise him to visit a priestess, as a neutral person, and accept her judgement.
The priestess tells them to choose the sacrifice between Abdullah and certain number of camels by chance and increase the number of the camels by ten if Abdullah is chosen firstly. "Repeat this up to the time the camels are chosen", the priestess says. Abdul-Muttalib acts on the recommendation of the priestess and finally kills 300 camels and Abdullah survives. Abdullah marries a woman and she gives birth to a son, Muhammad. He moves towards Sham and becomes sick and dies near Yathrib.

## Release

The book was translated to English by James C. Klark. The book has also been published in Urdu, Arabic, and Turkish. The 8th reprinting was published in May 2013.
# Vejce

Vejce (Macedonian: Вејце, Albanian: Vicë) is a village in the municipality of Tetovo, North Macedonia. It is a small village located in the Šar Mountains, some 9.01 kilometres away from the closest city Tetovo and 1250 metres above sea level.

## History

During the insurgency in the Republic of Macedonia, on the way between Selce and Vejce, rebels of the paramilitary Albanian National Liberation Army ambushed the Macedonian armed forces, which resulted in the deaths of eight members.

## Demographics

According to the 2021 census, the village had a total of 848 inhabitants. Ethnic groups in the village include:
* Albanians 804
* Macedonians 2
* Others 42
| Year | Macedonian | Albanian | Turks | Romani | Vlachs | Serbs | Bosniaks | Others | Total |
| 2002 | 1 | 1.114 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | 12 | 1.127 |
| 2021 | 2 | 804 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | 42 | 848 |
According to the 1942 Albanian census, Vejce was inhabited by 518 Muslim Albanians.
# Brue

Brue (Scottish Gaelic: Brù) is a village on the Isle of Lewis in the West Side district, in the Outer Hebrides, Scotland. It is a crofting township and it is composed of two areas: Am Baile Staigh, which is nearer the coast, and Pàirc Bhrù, which runs towards the moor. In total it covers a road distance of 2.5 km. Brue is situated on a minor road which joins to the A858, and is within the parish of Barvas.
The name Brue is an anglicised form of the Scottish Gaelic Brù which in turn comes from an Old Norse word which is believed to have meant bridge; this reflects the centuries of Norsemen occupation and settlement in the Outer Hebrides.
The coastline at Brue is the site of various cairns, including a prehistoric one, and is also near to the site of a blackhouse.
# Hold On Abraham!

"Hold on Abraham!" is a popular song dating from 1862, during the time of the American Civil War. The song is fast-paced and repetitive, and, at the time of its popularity, was often performed by minstrels. The words and lyrics were composed by William Batchelder Bradbury.
The song was supposedly written as a response to president Abraham Lincoln's request of three hundred thousand more Union soldiers. The lyrics of the song contain references to such Civil War Generals as Henry Wager Halleck, George B. McClellan, Michael Corcoran, and others. The first verse and chorus are:
    We’re going down to Dixie, to Dixie, to Dixie,
    We’re going down to Dixie, to fight for the dear old Flag;
    And should we fall in Dixie, in Dixie, in Dixie,
    And should we fall in Dixie, we’ll die for the dear old Flag.
    Hold on Abraham,
    Never say die to your Uncle Sam;
    Uncle Sam’s boys are coming right along,
    Six hundred thousand strong.
# Malcolm Moos

Malcolm Charles Moos (April 19, 1916 – January 28, 1982) was an American political scientist, speechwriter, and academic administrator. He was a professor of political science at Johns Hopkins University for two decades. As a speechwriter, Moos wrote President Dwight Eisenhower's final warning about the influence of the military-industrial complex in 1961. Moos then served as the president of the University of Minnesota from 1967 to 1974.

## Early life

Moos was born on April 19, 1916, in Saint Paul, Minnesota. He received his bachelor's and master's degrees in political science from the University of Minnesota. He received his doctorate, also in political science, from the University of California at Berkeley.

## Career

Moos first taught at the University of Minnesota. He was a fellow at the University of California and a research assistant at the University of Alabama. He taught at the University of Wyoming in 1942, then at Johns Hopkins University for 21 years. He was also an associate editor of the Baltimore Evening Sun.
Moos joined President Eisenhower's staff as a special assistant in 1957 and became his chief speechwriter in 1958. Among the many speeches Moos wrote for Eisenhower was Eisenhower's 1961 valedictory speech, which warned of the influence of the military-industrial complex.
Moos taught political science at Columbia University for three years and worked for the Rockefeller family for two years. He was director of policy and planning at the Ford Foundation from 1964 to 1967.
Moos served as the president of the University of Minnesota from 1967 to 1974. In 1967, he became the first native Minnesotan and alumnus to serve as a University of Minnesota president. During his tenure, Moos faced the rise of civil rights and anti-war protests.
In 1974, Moos was appointed executive director of the Center for the Study of Democratic Institutions in Santa Barbara, California. In 1978, he ran for the United States Senate as a Republican but failed to win the nomination.

## Personal life and death

Moos married Margaret Tracy Gager, and he had five children. He died in his sleep at his home in northern Minnesota in 1982. He was said to have had a heart condition.
# Özgür Sert

Özgür Sert (born 11 January 2001) is a Turkish professional footballer who plays as a leftback for BB Erzurumspor.

## Professional career

Sert made his professional debut with BB Erzurumspor in a 4-1 Turkish Cup loss to Alanyaspor on 14 January 2021. He debuted in the Süper Lig in a 3–1 loss to Fenerbahçe, scoring his side's only goal in his debut.
# Mohamed Abdul Hamid

Mohamed Abdul Hamid (Arabic: محمد عبد الحميد; born December 24, 1980) is a Sudanese former swimmer, who specialized in sprint freestyle events. Hamid competed for Sudan in the men's 50 m freestyle at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney. He received a ticket from FINA, under a Universality program, without meeting an entry time. He challenged six other swimmers in heat one, including 16-year-olds Wael Ghassan of Qatar and Hassan Mubah of the Maldives. Before the start of his heat, Hamid immediately jumped into the pool first, and was cast out of the race for breaching a no false-start rule in the prelims.
# Mansur II

Abu'l-Harith Mansur II (Persian: منصور دوم سامانی) was Amir of the Samanids (997–999). He was the son of Nuh II.

## Biography

Mansur II was still young when he succeeded his father as amir. His short reign was marked by his inability to control his governors and generals. Shortly after he came to power, a rebellion was launched, and its leaders invited the Qarakhanids under Nasr Khan to intervene. Nasr Khan did so, but he defeated the rebellion and contacted Fa'iq, who was then Mansur's governor of Samarkand. Fa'iq was sent by the khan to the capital Bukhara with an army. Mansur fled, but later was persuaded to return, although Fa'iq retained his power. Some time later, Fa'iq deposed Mansur's vizier al-Barghashi, and had him exiled to Gurgan.
Meanwhile, the general Baktuzun was sent by Mansur to retake control of Khurasan, which had recently fallen into the possession of the Ghaznavids. Nishapur was occupied, but Baktuzun was then attacked by Abu'l-Qasim Simjuri, the ruler of Kuhistan, in 998. Abu'l-Qasim had been persuaded by Fa'iq to strike; the latter feared Baktuzun's power. Baktuzun was victorious, but he made peace with Abu'l-Qasim and headed back to Bukhara. The general and Fa'iq then allied with each other in order to stop Mahmud of Ghazni, who wanted all of Khurasan for himself. Baktuzun and Fa'iq, who feared that Mansur would betray them to Mahmud, deposed and then blinded him in 999. They then appointed Mansur's younger brother 'Abd al-Malik II as Amir.
# Muriel Beaumont

Muriel Beaumont, Lady du Maurier (14 April 1876 – 27 November 1957) was an English stage actress from 1898 until retiring in 1910. She was the wife of the actor and manager Sir Gerald du Maurier and mother of the writers Angela du Maurier and Daphne du Maurier and artist Jeanne du Maurier.

## Biography

Muriel Beaumont was born on 14 April 1876 in Sutton, Surrey, daughter of Henry "Harry" Beaumont, a solicitor, and wife Emily, née Bidwell. She was the paternal niece of the writer and editor Comyns Beaumont (1873-1955).
Despite her father's disapproval, she became an actress. Her first appearance was at the Haymarket Theatre in 1898.
In 1902, she was cast as Lady Agatha in The Admirable Crichton. Also in the cast was Gerald du Maurier. They were married five months later on 11 April 1903 at St Peter, Cranley Gardens, Kensington. Her husband, was the son of author and Punch cartoonist George du Maurier, who created the character of Svengali in the 1894 novel Trilby. Muriel and Gerald du Maurier had three children: the actress and writer Angela du Maurier (1904–2002), the writer Daphne du Maurier (1907–1989) and the painter Jeanne du Maurier (1911–1997).
After marriage, Beaumont maintained her stage career until 1910, but she and her husband never appeared on stage together after The Admirable Crichton. In 1905, she played Nerissa to Violet Vanbrugh's Portia in The Merchant of Venice. She also appeared in English translations of light French comedies. In 1908, she appeared with Weedon Grossmith and A.E. Matthews in Frederick Lonsdale's farce The Early Worm.
On 1932, her middle daughter Daphne married Frederick Browning. After her husband's death on 11 April 1934, Beaumont, together with her elder daughter Angela and her younger daughter Jeanne, moved from Cannon Hall, the family home in Hampstead, to a smaller house nearby. The three of them also spent a lot of time at Ferryside, their home in Bodinnick, Cornwall, where they lived permanently after 1939. During the World War II, her daughters worked the land and ran a market garden. In 1946, her daughter Jeanne left the familiar home to life apart.
She died at 81, on 27 November 1957 in her home in Liskeard, Cornwall.
# Nathaniel Peffer

Nathaniel Peffer (Chinese: 裴斐; June 30, 1890 in New York City – April 12, 1964) was an American researcher on East Asian issues.
Educated at the University of Chicago, Peffer became an East Asian correspondent for the New York Tribune, and lived in China for 25 years. After invitations to lecture on East Asia at various American universities, he was appointed a lecturer at Columbia University in 1937, associate professor of International Relations there in 1939, and Professor in 1943. He retired from the university in 1958.

## Literary works

* The white man's dilemma - climax of the age of imperialism, 1927
* China - the collapse of a civilization, 1930
* Must we fight in Asia?, 1935
* Japan and the Pacific. 1935
* The Far East, a modern history. Ann Arbor, University of Michigan Press, 1958
# Cap Bougaroûn

Cap Bougaroûn (Arabic: رأس بوقارون Ras Bougaroun "Cap the Horns" or "Horned Cap") or the Seven Caps (Arabic Seba Rous) is a cape in Algeria in Skikda Province.
The Cape constitutes the western end of the Gulf of Skikda, opposite the Cap de Fer, and forms a peninsula which is the most important of the Algerian coast. It is the northernmost point of Algeria.
In the first century, it was named Cape Treton (Greek Τρητόν "Chiseled") in the Geography of Strabo. It marked the limit between the Masaesyli in the west and the Massylii in the east.
The November 6, 1943, the Luftwaffe conducted the Action off Cape Bougaroun on Convoy KMF-25A composed of 26 transport ships escorted by 15 Allied warships, in which six ships were sunk and six German planes were shot down.
# Ar Kaweit

Ar Kaweit (Arabic: أركويت), also spelled as Arkawit or Erkowit, is a small town in eastern Sudan. It is around 40 kilometres (25 mi) from the Red Sea and around 90–95 kilometres (56–59 mi) from Sudan's 2nd largest city, Port Sudan. It is at a 1,000–1,200 metres (3,300–3,900 ft) elevation sitting atop a flat mountain. Nearby towns are Carthago, Sinkat, and Gebeit. It is also approximately 470 kilometres (290 mi) from the Nile River. It has a mosque, a school, and a park near it.
On 25 November 1942, a Royal Air Force crashed near Ar Kaweit. The crew set out from Wadi Gazouza Airport for a training exercise. Regrettably, the aircraft did not make it back, and on 31 December, its wreckage was located near Ar Kaweit. This incident resulted in the loss of all three crew members: Sgt Clive Colin Dunstone, Sgt John Skinner, and Sgt James Murray Thomson.
# Battalion (1937 film)

Battalion (Czech: Batalion) is a 1937 Czechoslovak war drama film, directed by Miroslav Cikán. It stars František Smolík, Helena Bušová, and Hana Vítová.

## Cast

* František Smolík as JUDr. František Uher
* Helena Bušová as Anna Uhrová
* Hana Vítová as Marie Žďárská alias Mimi
* Jaroslav Průcha as Václav Šulc
* Václav Trégl as František Vondruška
* František Kreuzmann as Beznoska
* Ladislav Pešek as Honzík
* Eduard Kohout as Ferdinand Koranda
* Karel Veverka as Mašek
* Milada Gampeová as Mrs. Mastná
* Ella Nollová as Harphist
* Marenka Zieglerová as Waitress in Battalion
# Daedeokje

Daedeokje (Korean: 대덕제) is an annual festival held in the city of Daegu in the Nam-gu district, South Korea. The festival, held every May, consists of a harmony athletic meeting, a contact of Korean classical music and Western music, installation art, guitar concerts, and many more.
# Yasmin Nayroukh

Yasmin Nayroukh (Arabic: ياسمين نيروخ) is a Palestinian football referee.
# Coldbackie

Coldbackie (Scottish Gaelic: Callbacaidh) is a crofting township in Sutherland and is in the Scottish council area of Highland Scotland.

## Geography

Coldbackie lies at the mouth of the Kyle of Tongue, 2 miles (3.2 km) north east of Tongue. It sits under Cnoc an Fhreiceadain (the Watch Hill), looking north across Tongue Bay to the Rabbit Islands. It is one of a series of townships, running from Tongue along the A836 to Blandy. The township of Scullomie is 1 mile (1.6 km) to the north.

## Etymology

The name Coldbackie could have old Norse or Gaelic roots. The place name Coldbackie is not unique to the Kyle of Tongue, with there being two Coldbacks in Shetland (in Unst and Delting) and one in north west Iceland, both areas where Norse roots would be more likely. Omand, in The Sutherland book, translates Coldbackie as kula-bakki, bank with the bump, whilst Stewart, in Place names of Shetland says that Coldbacks is Cold Hill.
# Al-Rawi (TV series)

Al-Rawi (Arabic: الراوي, lit. “The Narrator”) is an Egyptian animated series recounting key events in Islamic history in Classical Arabic. The story's eponymous “Narrator” is named Noureddin, and he tells his stories to the young Prince Shehab.

## Synopsis

The plot centers on a man who uses science to become King Imad al-Din's vizier. Threatened by Imad al-Din's jealousy, the scientist foments war between Imad al-Din and Noureddin, a jailed former king.

## Crew

Major Arab actors participated in the voice cast, including Yousuf Shaaban, Sawsan Badr, Alaa Morsy, Hassan Abdel Fattah, Khaled Saleh, and Abdel Rahman Abou Zahra. Sameh Mustafa was the director.
# Herman Severin Løvenskiold

Baron Herman Severin Løvenskiold (30 July 1815 – 5 December 1870) was a Norwegian-born Danish composer, most noted for his score for August Bournonville's 1836 version of the ballet La Sylphide for the Royal Danish Ballet in Copenhagen.

## Biography

Herman Severin Løvenskiold was born at Ulefoss in the municipality Nome, Norway. He was the son of Eggert Christopher Løvenskiold (1788–1861), director of the Ulefos Iron Works. In 1829, his family moved to Denmark. He was trained in music by composer Peter Casper Krossing. He also went abroad where he studied in Vienna, Leipzig and St. Petersburg. Following his return to Denmark, he composed music for a number of dramatic works at the Royal Danish Theatre. From 1851, he was the organist at Christiansborg Castle Church (Christiansborg Slotskirke) on Slotsholmen in Copenhagen. This church, which dated from 1738 to 1742, was frequently attended by members of the Danish royal family.

## Notable works

* La Sylphide, ballet, 1836
* Hulen i Kullafjeld, Singspiel, 1839
* The New Penelope, ballet, 1847
* Turandot, opera, 1854
* Fra skoven ved Furesø, Concert Overture, 1863 (Op. 29)
* Piano Quartet in F minor, Op. 26
* "Ouverture til drammaet Konning Volmer og Havfruen", Op. 20 (published 1848 by Hornemann & Erslev)
# İbrahim Ferdi Coşkun

İbrahim Ferdi Coşkun (born 20 April 1987) is a Turkish professional footballer who plays as a left winger for Gaziantep Ankasspor.

## Career

Coşkun began his career with local club Gaziantepspor. He was loaned out to Gaskispor for two seasons from 2006 to 2008. In July 2011, he moved to Mersin İdman Yurdu after a long stint as a Gaziantepspor player.
# Balls (gamer)

An Le (Vietnamese: Lê Văn An) better known as Balls, is an American League of Legends player who most recently played professionally as the top laner for FlyQuest. As a member of Cloud9, Balls won the League of Legends Championship Series North America (NA LCS) twice and qualified for the League of Legends World Championship every year he was a part of the team.

## Playing career

Le began his career in 2011 as a part of North American team APictureOfAGoose. From late 2011 to late 2012, the team was picked up by mTw and renamed mTw.NA and, later, picked up by Monomaniac eSports and renamed to mMe Ferus. Le left the team in October 2012 and subsequently signed with team Meat Playground. Ten days after the 2013 NA LCS Spring Split qualifier, Meat Playground disbanded. Shortly after, Le signed with Cloud9.
On July 17, 2015, Balls was listed as a substituted of C9 Tempest, the Challenger Series team. On April 21, 2016, Cloud9 created its Challenger team headlined by Hai and Balls. In 2017, Le signed with FlyQuest. Although he never announced his retirement, Balls did not sign with another team after the 2017 season.

## Tournament results
### Cloud9

* 5/8th - 2013 League of Legends World Championship
* 3rd/4th - IEM Season VIII - Cologne
* 5/8th - 2014 League of Legends World Championship
* 2nd - 2015 North American League of Legends Championship Series Spring Playoffs
* 9/11th - 2015 League of Legends World Championship