OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Anthracimycin

Anthracimycin is a polyketide antibiotic discovered in 2013. Anthracimycin is derived from marine actinobacteria. In preliminary laboratory research, it has shown activity against Bacillus anthracis, the bacteria that causes anthrax, and against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA).

## Discovery of anthracimycin

Anthracimycin was first isolated from a species of marine Streptomyces (strain CNH365) which was collected off the shore of Santa Barbara, CA. Another strain of Streptomyces (strain T676) isolated off the coast of St. John's Island, Singapore, was found to also produce anthracimycin. This strain was found to contain the biosynthetic gene cluster for anthracimycin production.

## Biosynthesis

Anthracimycin is the product of a type I polyketide synthase (PKS). This modular synthetic pathway uses a trans-acyltransferase (AT) domain to load successive units of malonyl-CoA (MCoA) and methylmalonyl-CoA (MMCoA) to build the macrolide backbone. The synthesis is composed of 10 biosynthetic modules consisting of the typical domains associated with PKS biosynthetic pathways (See Figure 1). Formation of the decalin ring is part of the PKS pathway and not a post-tailoring event. This occurs via a spontaneous [4+2] cycloaddition after module 8 (See Figure 2). Cyclization to form the larger lactone ring is the final step of the process by the thioesterase domain.

## Antibiotic activity

Anthracimycin was first noted for its potent activity against Bacillus anthracis (strain UM23C1-1), which is known to cause the human infectious disease anthrax, with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 0.031 ug/mL. It was also initially found to have activity against other Gram-positive genera such as staphylococci, enterococci, and streptococci, but was not active against Gram-negative strains. In a follow-up study, anthracimycin was screened against a panel of Staphylococcus aureus strains both in vivo and in vitro. All strains of S. aureus tested were susceptible to anthracimycin at MIC values of less than or equal to 0.25 mg/L. This included strains of methicillin-susceptible, methicillin-resistant (MRSA), and vancomycin-resistant strains. Unfortunately, postantibiotic effects were minimal and the effects of the antibiotic were mitigated by presence of 20% human serum. Nevertheless, levels of anthracimycin significantly below the MIC were still able to slow MRSA growth. The compound was found to be minimally toxic to human cells with an IC50 of 70 mg/L against human carcinoma cells. It has been found that the most likely mechanism of action for anthracimycin is inhibition of RNA and DNA synthesis, but not through DNA intercalation. As part of an in vivo study with a murine peritonitis model of infection, anthracimycin was found to protect mice against mortality by MRSA at doses of 1 and 10 mg/kg.
# Mohammad Yusef the Painter

Mohammad Yusef the Painter (Persian: محمد یوسف نگارگر) was a Safavid era Persian painter of the Isfahan school. He was an apprentice of Reza Abbasi. The Shahnameh of Rashida is attributed to him. It seems that he and Mohammad Qasem were close co-workers, as their names are usually mentioned together. The Windsor Shahnameh (also known as the Shahnameh of Qarachaqay Khan) contains 148 or 149 miniatures, all of them are attributed to Mohammad Yusef and Mohammad Qasem, except the first two miniatures. The miniatures of this Shahnameh are very similar to the miniatures of the Shahnameh of Rashida, and therefore it has been suggested that these manuscripts of Shahnameh have been prepared by same painters.

## Miniatures

* Depiction of Rostam and Sohrab, 1640, signed by Mohammad Yusef the Painter IO Islamic 3682, f.92r
# Esfanjan

Esfanjan (Persian: اسفنجان) may refer to:
* Esfanjan, East Azerbaijan
* Esfanjan, Fars
# Kim Ju-hyoung

Kim Ju-hyoung (Korean: 김주형; born August 23, 1989) is a South Korean football player, who played as a forward for Chungju Hummel.

## Club career

Kim joined Daejeon Citizen in 2010 as one of the club's draft picks. His first league appearance was on 28 August 2010, as a late substitute in Daejeon's home loss to Jeju United. He remained with Daejeon for 2011 but had limited chances during the season, with his sole league appearance being in the heavy loss to the Pohang Steelers on 9 July 2011. Before the 2012 K-League campaign, Daejeon declined to extend his contract.

## Club career statistics

    As of 8 January 2014
| Club performance | Club performance | Club performance | League | League | Cup | Cup | League Cup | League Cup | Total | Total |
| Season | Club | League | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| South Korea | South Korea | South Korea | League | League | KFA Cup | KFA Cup | League Cup | League Cup | Total | Total |
| 2010 | Daejeon Citizen | K-League | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 |
| 2011 | Daejeon Citizen | K-League | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 0 |
| 2012 | Suwon City | Korea National League | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | - | - | 0 | 0 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 3 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 5 | 0 |
# Pak Chol

Pak Chol (Korean: 박철, Korean pronunciation:; born 8 November 1990) is a North Korean long-distance runner. He represents the Sajabong Sports Team.
Pak won the Pyongyang Marathon on 13 April 2014 with a personal best of 2:12:26. The winning time was an improvement of more than a minute from his previous personal best which earned him the fifth place in the same race in 2013. In 2015, he came second in the 15th Asian Marathon Championship in Hong Kong with a season's best of 2:16:09. He took part in the marathon at the 2015 World Championships in Beijing the same year and placed 11th with a time of 2:15:44, a new season's best.
In 2016 Pak Chol won the Pyongyang Mangyongdae Marathon in a time of 2:14:11. He then went on to represent his country in the men's marathon at the 2016 Rio de Janeiro Olympic Games. Pak Chol placed 27th in 2:15:27; the race was won by Kenya's Eliud Kipchoge in 2:08:44.
In 2017 Pak successfully defended his title, winning the Pyongyang Mangyongdae Prize Marathon in 2:14:56. In November Pak Chol competed in the Asian Marathon Championships in Dongguan, China. He finished 4th in a time of 2:16:19.
In 2018 Pak Chol represented his country at the 2018 Asian Games in Jakarta, Indonesia in the men's marathon. He finished 10th in 2:36:22.

## Achievements

| Year | Competition | Venue | Position | Event | Notes |
| 2013 | Pyongyang Marathon | Pyongyang, North Korea | 5th | Marathon | 2:13:49 |
| 2014 | Pyongyang Marathon | Pyongyang, North Korea | 1st | Marathon | 2:12:26 |
| 2015 | Asian Marathon Championship | Hong Kong | 2nd | Marathon | 2:16:09 |
| 2015 | World Championships | Beijing, China | 11th | Marathon | 2:15:44 |
| 2016 | Pyongyang Marathon | Pyongyang, North Korea | 1st | Marathon | 2:14:10 |
| 2017 | Pyongyang Marathon | Pyongyang, North Korea | 1st | Marathon | 2:14:56 |
| 2018 | Asian Games | Jakarta, Indonesia | 10th | Marathon | 2:29:07 |
# Greenwoodochromis christyi

Greenwoodochromis christyi is a species of fish in the family Cichlidae. It is endemic to the deeper water of southern Lake Tanganyika.

## Etymology

The specific name of this fish honours the explorer and naturalist Cuthbert Christy (1863-1932).
# Robert Smith (rugby union, born 1870)

Robert Echlin Smith (12 December 1870 — 2 February 1904) was an Irish international rugby union player.
A Dublin-born physician, Smith played rugby for Lansdowne and debuted for Ireland in 1892, playing as a forward against England at Manchester, which remained his only international cap.
Smith died in 1904 from injuries sustained when in an attempt to catch a pony he was kicked in the face.
# Cismon

The Cismon is a mountain stream (or torrent) in northern Italy, the main tributary of the Brenta River. The torrent flows from the Dolomites mountains in the Trentino Alto-Adige region through the plains of Venetian territory to the bigger Brenta River, which in turn flows into the Adriatic Sea in the Gulf of Venice.
The torrent drains a large basin of about 640 km$^2$. Around 70% of it is in the Autonomous Province of Trento (about 440 km$^2$) and 30% (about 200 km$^2$) in the Province of Belluno in the Veneto region.
The total length of Cismon is 53,2 km, about half of which is in the Trentino and Veneto.

## The Direction of the Cismon

The Cismon originates near Rolle Pass (1,984 m s.l.m / 6,509 ft), just below the Cimon della Pala mountain peak (3,184 m / 10,446 ft). Here is the highest elevation of the basin. Then, Cismon flows along the commune of Primiero and the valley of the same name and enters the Feltrino valley.
Along the way, the Cismon receives the waters of several other streams:
* Before entering the Venetian territory it receives torrent Canali from the Pale di San Martino mountains, torrent Noana from the Vette Feltrine mountains (a part of the National Park of Belluno Dolomites), and torrent Vanoi from Lagorai and Cima d’Asta mountains.
* In the Venetian territory, among the significant tributaries, there are torrent Ausor on the left upstream of the barrier of the Ponte Serra location and the Senaiga torrent, whose basin falls almost completely in the Province of Trento.
Continuing downstream, at the height of the village of Rocca d'Arsiè (hamlet of Arsiè), where the valley narrows again, a colossal dam erected in the late '50s by Enel for electro-irrigation purposes, bars the course of the Cismon retaining all the flow in conditions of low flow of the river.
The dam gives rise to the artificial Corlo Lake, whose waters continue moving through the narrow Incino Valley. The waters of the Cismon and its tributaries are exploited to power several other hydroelectric plants.
Finally, once passed the narrow gorge, the torrent flows with a tortuous path until the confluence with the Brenta River, just upstream of the town of Cismon del Grappa.
The flow rate of the Cismon is not much less than that of the Brenta, of which it can be considered the upper branch.

## The history of the Cismon basin

In 589 A.D., following a devastating flood, the Cismon changed its basin, passing from the Piave basin, the river into which it flowed between Artèn (hamlet of Fonzaso) and Caupo (hamlet of Seren del Grappa) through the present Stizzon stream, to that of the Brenta.

## Interesting facts about Cismon

The upper course of the Cismon is the only stream in Trentino that has waters in the first quality class according to the extended biotic index (IBE). It is excellent for the practice of sport fishing.
# Stanford Bank Venezuela

Stanford Bank Venezuela was Stanford International Bank's subsidiary in Venezuela.

## History

It was headquartered in Caracas and had several branches throughout Venezuela. The Venezuelan banking regulator estimated that Venezuelans had placed around $2.5bn in deposits with Stanford International. Stanford Bank Venezuela (SBV) was a subsidiary holding company of Stanford International, operating and licensed accorded the laws and regulations within Venezuela. Currency inflation and lack of liquidity prompted a run on several Venezuelan banks including SBV, forcing the government of Venezuela to intervene.
In May 2009 the Stanford Bank Venezuela was sold to Banco Nacional de Crédito for $111 m, with the bank being merged into BNC.
# Winstar Communications

Winstar Communications, Inc. (at some point WinStar Communications) was an American telecommunications company that provided broadband services to business customers. Winstar owned and operated a broadband network in 60 major markets in the United States, including each of the top 30 U.S. markets and ten markets internationally in Europe, Asia, and Latin America.
Winstar was a notable example of the internet and telecom bubbles of the late 1990s. At its peak in 2000, less than a year before its collapse, the company had a market capitalization in excess of $4.4 billion and revenues of $445.6 million for the year ended December 31, 1999.
Winstar also bought Fox Lorber Home Video from New Video in the mid-1990s. In 2001, Genius Products bought out Fox Lorber after Winstar was shuttered.

## History

The company was founded by William J. Rouhana in 1993 as a reseller of long-distance service. After winning auctions for radio spectrum, the firm became a Competitive Local Exchange Carrier and began selling wireless broadband service.
In 1994, Winstar completed an initial public offering, listing its stock on Nasdaq under the symbol "WCII". In the mid-1990s, Winstar acquired Fox Lorber Home Video.
Winstar stock soared by over 600% between 1996 and 2000 as revenue grew from $2.7 million in 1995 to over $445 million in 1999. The company also received positive research reports from analysts, such as Jack Grubman, contributing to the Global settlement.

### Bankruptcy

Despite its growth, Winstar was unable to generate enough sales to cover debts from massive capital expenditures required to build out its infrastructure. Among its creditors were a number of banks and high yield bond investors as well as other large telecommunications players, including Lucent that had offered the company significant vendor financing.
Winstar filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection in April 2001. The company previously laid of nearly half its work force the same month. The Chapter 11 (reorganization) cases were converted into Chapter 7 (liquidation) cases on January 24, 2002.
Private investment company Oak Point Partners acquired the remnant assets, consisting of any known and unknown assets that weren't previously administered, from the Winstar Communications, Inc., et al., Bankruptcy Estates on January 19, 2011.
# KITSAT-2

KITSAT-2 (a.k.a. "Uribyol 2", "KITSAT-OSCAR 25", "KO-25" and "KITSAT-B") was a South Korean experimental Earth observation microsatellite. KITSAT-2 was South Korea's second satellite and was the first to be developed and manufactured domestically by the Korea Advanced Institute of Science (KAIST).

## Launch

The satellite was launched into orbit on 26 September 1993, at 01:45 UTC, on the 59th flight of the Ariane-40 H10 launch vehicle. The launch took place in the Centre Spatial Guyanais, French Guiana. KITSAT-2 was a South Korean microsatellite that was launched along with SPOT-3. Its mission was very similar to PoSAT-1 (1993-061D).

## Mission

The satellite's mission was to improve and enhance the KITSAT-1 systems, use domestically manufactured components, demonstrate experimental modules and to promote domestic space industry.
# Naletale

Naletale (or Nalatale) are ruins located about 25 kilometres east of Shangani in Matabeleland South, Zimbabwe and east of the Danangombe ruins.
The ruins are attributed to the Kalanga Torwa State and are thought to date from the seventeenth century, and were occupied through the eighteenth to nineteenth centuries during Rozvi rule. The ruins are the remains of the capital of the Butua kingdom's Torwa dynasty. In 1960, it was declared a national monument.

## History

Established following the decline of Great Zimbabwe, the Torwa dynasty founded Khami in the 15th century and Dhlo Dhlo in the 16th century, later relocating their capital to Nalatale in the 17th century. Following nearly two centuries of Torwa rule, the Rozwi people took control of the area. European treasure hunters desecrated the site in the 1800s, and it was designated a national monument in the 1960s. Conservation efforts slowed in the 1980s due to financial constraints, and by 2012, the ruins faced severe risks of collapsing. In 2013, a grant from the U.S. Ambassadors Fund for Cultural Preservation enabled the restoration of Nalatale's stone walls, site access improvements, and the addition of interpretative facilities. The project was completed in 2014.

## Design

Six decorations have been recorded on this drystone walled site, including chevrons, herringbone, cord, checkers and the use of alternating colored stone inserts.
19°52′52″S 29°31′50″E﻿ / ﻿19.88111°S 29.53056°E﻿ / -19.88111; 29.53056
# Seongnam station (Gyeonggi)

Seongnam Station (Korean: 성남역; Hanja: 城南驛) is a railway station on GTX-A and Gyeonggang Line of the Seoul Metropolitan Subway. It is located at Baekhyeon-dong, Bundang, Seongnam, Gyeonggi, South Korea.
# Niccolo d'Ardia Caracciolo

Niccolo d'Ardia Caracciolo RHA (September 18, 1941 – December 16, 1989), known as Niccolo or Nick Caracciolo, was an Irish artist known for his portraits and landscapes.

## Early life and family

Born in Dublin on 18 September 1941, he was the only son of Ferdinando Caracciolo, Prince of Cursi, a member of an old Italian family, originally from Naples. His mother was Mary Purcell-Fitzgerald of The Island, near Waterford, now Waterford Castle, where he was reared. The artist Maria Levinge is his sister, who he tutored in art. He had another sister, Francesca.
After being educated at The Oratory School in Woodcote, England, he went to Florence at the age of 19 to study art at the Accademia di Belle Arti di Firenze at the suggestion of Pietro Annigoni, studying under Signorina Nera Simi. He continued to keep a house in Tuscany for the rest of his life, travelling back and forth to Ireland.

## Career

In 1964 Caracciolo was one of the painters chosen to paint a replica of the Sistine Chapel for the scenery of the 1965 film The Agony and the Ecstasy, on the life of Michelangelo. Becoming a noted portrait painter, among those who sat for him were Lord Iveagh, J. P. Donleavy, Anthony Bygraves, and Sir Marc Cochrane.
From 1975 to 1978 he lived at Rosemount House, near Moate, County Westmeath, where he painted many scenes of the surrounding countryside and exhibited at the Lad Lane Gallery in Dublin in 1978. He also exhibited at the Holly Solomon Gallery in New York.
In 1983 he became an associate Member of the Royal Hibernian Academy and in 1984 a full member of the Royal Hibernian Academy.

## Death and legacy

Caracciolo died near Siena, Italy in a road accident on 16 December 1989. He is buried at Calvary Cemetery Bunclody, County Wexford. The Don Niccolo d'Ardia Caracciolo RHA Medal and Award is awarded in his memory.
# Manuel Pareja Obregón

Manuel Pareja Obregón (4 May 1933 – 24 July 1995) was a Spanish musician and composer who focused on Andalusian folk music. He married three times and had two children. He died of leukemia at 62 years.
# Shabana Bakhsh

Shabana Akhtar Bakhsh (born 9 November 1981 in Glasgow) is a Scottish actress of Pakistani descent who has appeared in soap operas such as River City and Doctors. Her best known role is in the BBC One school-based drama series Waterloo Road starring as English teacher Jasmine Koreshi.

## Biography

Shabana Akhtar Bakhsh made her acting debut in River City as Zara Malik, who moved to Aberdeen. Her parents are of Pakistani origin. She went on to appear in Ken Loach's Ae Fond Kiss. She then became a regular in Doctors as Tasha Verma. She appeared in the BBC One school-based drama series, Waterloo Road, as newly qualified English teacher Jasmine Koreshi. She currently lives in Glasgow. In 2009 travelled around Scottish schools with TAG theatre company in the production "Yellow Moon", a play by David Greig, where she plays the character Silent Leila.
She has been an outspoken critic of the BBC, saying that they are afraid to write for ethnic minorities. She has also campaigned for women's rights in the Asian community.

## Filmography
### Film

| Year | Title | Role |
| 2004 | Ae Fond Kiss... | Tahara Khan |
| 2011 | Perfect Sense | Nurse |
| 2014 | Honeycomb Lodge | Azra |
| 2018 | Super November | Mona |

### Television

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 2002–2003 | River City | Zara Malik | 3 episodes |
| 2004 | The Afternoon Play | Yasmeela Khan | 1 episode, "Glasgow Dreams" |
| 2004–2005 | Doctors | Tasha Verma | Series regular |
| 2005 | Taggart | Layla | 1 episode, "Cause to Kill" |
| 2007-2009 | Waterloo Road | Jasmine Koreshi | Series regular |
| 2017 | The Replacement | Interview Panel | 1 episode |
# Tadeusz Baranowski (chemist)

Tadeusz Baranowski (Polish pronunciation:; September 13, 1910 in Lwów – March 24, 1993 in Wrocław) was a Polish chemist. From 1965 to 1968 he was the rector of Wrocław Medical University.

## Biography

In 1933 he graduated from the Faculty of Medicine at the Jan Kazimierz University in Lviv, and then stayed at the university, under the supervision of Jakub Parnas, where he conducted research in the field of biochemistry, including studies on ammonia. In the years 1935–1937 he worked as a researcher at the Stefan Batory University in Vilnius, then until the outbreak of World War II at the Jan Kazimierz University in Lviv.
On April 20, 1939, he obtained his habilitation at the Faculty of Law of the Jagiellonian University in Kraków. In 1939, simultaneously with Max Perutz, he conducted the crystallisation of proteins and planned their X-ray examinations, which were not performed due to the outbreak of World War II.
During the Soviet occupation, he headed the department of physiological chemistry at the Medical Institute of Lviv, and during the German occupation, the Staatliche Medizinische und Naturwissenschaftliche Fachkurse.
After the liberation of Poland, he moved to Wrocław, and in 1947 he isolated and described the enzyme phosphoglycerol dehydrogenase, known then as the Baranowski enzyme, and now known as glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH).
Until 1950 he was the head of the department of physiological chemistry at the University of Wrocław, and then for 20 years at the Medical Academy in Wrocław . In the years 1965-1968 he was also the rector of this university. In the 1950s, he initiated the industrial production of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) preparations in Poland.
From 1970 he was the director of the Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics for the next 10 years, and the Institute of Physiology and Biochemistry for the next year. He was a member of the Polish Academy of Sciences.
# Arsalan Pouria

Arsalan Pouria (Persian: ارسلان پوریا) (1930-4 June 1994) was an Iranian poet and playwright who believed in archaism. He thought that Iranian old ideas and traditions are so important in constructing modern Iran. He has a special interest in old Iranian mythology and epics. In his works, he used Iranian old poet, Ferdowsi’s idea. But he didn’t use Ferdowsi’s poems exactly. Instead of that, he used stories in Shahnameh, and made new poems based on those stories. One of his important works was “Bahram’s weapon”. This work is about the battle between Iranians and Turanians. In this battle, Iran is defeated and Bahram keep fighting for returning the crown back. But between these struggles, He loses his weapon.

## Selected works

* The tragedy of Afshin (1957)
* The tragedy of Cambyses (1958)
* Arash the bowman (1959)
* The song of freedom (1960)
* Bahram's weapon (1969)