# Tecolotlán

Tecolotlán (Nahuatl languages: Tecolotlan "place of owls") is a town and municipality, in Jalisco in central-western Mexico. The municipality covers an area of 765.1 km$^2$.
As of 2005, the municipality had a total population of 14,984.

## Famous places

La presa El Pochote, El Carril, El Malecón, El Punto, La Perla, and Sierra de Quila.

## History

The name of Tecolotlán derives from the words "tecolote" (owl) and "tlan" (town), meaning "town of owls". The current coat of arms, formally approved of by the municipal council on 27 April 1999 ordinary, designed by Ernesto Garcia de Alba Cruz, has a figure of an owl on it with outstretched wings representing the municipality. At the base of the shield is the name of the municipality and its founding date of 1524 when conquistador Francisco Cortes conquered the area of San Buenaventura. The area was placed under the command of his trustees Pedro Gómez and Martín Monje.
The evangelization of the natives took place between 1525 and 1526. In 1825, Tecolotlán was composed of the people of Xuchitl and Ayotitlan and farms and ranches of San Juan Buenavista, Quila, Tenextitlán, Agua Caliente, Santa Maria, San Jose and Santa Rita. In 1599, the convent of San Agustin de Tecolotlán was founded.
A decree of July 9, 1835 formally established the municipality of Tecolotlán. However at this time the place was barely more than a small village and 2,600 huts were recorded in 1843. On June 23, 1844, the town hall was renovated in Tecolotlán in compliance with the decree No. 5 of the State Congress passed on April 8 of the same year. On November 10, 1866, a battalion of 3 men faced a contingent of 1,500 men under Berthelin who died in battle.

## The town

The town offers its residents the services of drinking water, sewerage, street lighting, markets, flea market, parking lots, cemeteries, roads, public toilets, social security, transit, parks and gardens, and sports centers. As of 2005, 89.6% of people have drinking water, 77.8% have proper sanitation and 97.5% have electricity. The town has a post office, telegraph, telephone, fax, radio and television.
The La Purísima Sanctuary is dedicated to the Virgin of Tecolotlán. It was built between 1821 and 1869.
The current Temple of La Santisima Trinidad dates from the 19th century and has a Three-foiled cusped arch with star and plant decorated pediment above. It was originally built as the Parish of San Agustin by the Franciscans in 1599, but when the church was rebuilt, it was dedicated to the Holy Trinity.
The Tecolotlan Cultural Center building was constructed in the mid 19th century by Serapio Pérez. Architectural elements include arches with Corinthian style capitols that top the columns. The center hosts art exhibitions as well as exhibitions of fossils and other antiquities.
Carnaval is celebrated here with musical bands on the main square of town. Men serenade women, confetti is thrown and dances are held. The festival lasts ten days and also includes cockfights, fireworks and the crowning of a Carnaval Queen.
The patron saint festivities are celebrated from August 20–30, to worship the patron saints of Tecolotlán: St. Augustine and Santa Rosa de Lima. Festivities also include carnival rides such as a ferris wheel, etcetera.

## The municipality

Tecolotlán is located in the midwest of the state at an altitude of 1285 meters above sea level. The municipality, which covers an area of 795.55 square kilometres is bordered on the north by the municipalities of Atengo, Ameca and San Martín de Hidalgo, to the east by the municipalities of San Martín de Hidalgo, Cocula, Atemajac de Brizuela and Chiquilistlan, to the south by the municipalities of Chiquilistlan, Juchitlán and Tenamaxtlán and to the west by the municipalities of Tenamaxtlán and Atengo. The municipality contains 47 localities, the most important being Tecolotlán (the capital), Tamazulita, Quila, Ayotitlán and Cofradía de Duendes.

### Topography

The municipal area is made up of relatively flat areas but has some hilly areas to the north and southeast, ranging from 1,200 to 2,400 meters. The hills include El Huehuentón (at 2000 metres), El Pichacho (at 1,700 metres), and others such as Cerro del Colotepec, Salto Colorado, El Tecolote, El Carrizal, La Coronilla, La Ventana. Cuchillos, Prieto, and Picachitos.

### Hydrography

The main river is the Ferrería River, which has a number of tributary streams such as El Jabalí, Gallinero, Tamazula, Tecolotlán, Las Canoas, Colorado, Cofradía, Sauz and the Amarillo. The San Pedro Dam is located to the south of the municipality. Other water features include Presa El Pochote, Cascada Tecolotán, Salto de Santa Rosa, Salto de La Campana, Salto del Venado, Salto Seco and Salto de La Disciplina.

### Flora

The municipality is covered with 30,900 hectares of pine and oak forests with some fruit trees. In the Sierra de Quila near the towns of Tenamaxtlan, Ameca, Atengo and San Martin Hidalgo, there is a tree named the Arbol de la Lira (Lyre Tree) which is approximately 600 years old. It is protected by the state environmental agency. The forest that surrounds the tree covers about 15,000 hectares and is guarded 24 hours a day. This forest is also home to the Cienega spring, which is surrounded by exuberant vegetation and has a monitoring station nearby.

### Fauna

Animals that inhabit this region are deer, badger, raccoon, wolf, fox, coyote, rabbit and some small reptiles and a variety of birds.

### Ecology

Protected areas include La Ciénega, Las Juntas, Las Piedras de Quila and Sierra de Quila. There is also a notable palaeontological site at Gliptodonte; many unearthed artifacts are located within the "Museo Comunitario" in the main town.

### Climate

The climate is moderately warm and semi-dry, and dry in the autumn and winter with an average annual temperature is 23 °C., with a maximum of 31 °C. and minimum of 15 °C. The rainfall falls heaviest in June and July, and a total of 773.1 mm is received annually on average. Prevailing winds approach from the south.

### Terrestrial communications

The main road in the municipality for transportation is via the Guadalajara-Barra de Navidad, 107 kilometres from the state capital. Urban and rural transportation takes place in rental and private vehicles.

### Attractions

Most of the municipality's attractions are natural with a variety of scenic landscapes, especially the Sierra de Quila. While not well developed, the area is suitable for ecotourism activities such as mountain biking, horseback riding, camping and other activities. There are two principle dams, the Presa del Ahogado and the Presa del Pochote. Both have facilities for camping and picnicking as well as water sports such as boating and fishing. The Presa del Pochote is popular with residents of the city of Guadalajara.

### Religion

The main religion is Roman Catholicism, and notable churches within the municipality include the Parroquia del Sagrado Corazón, Santuario de la Purísima, Capilla de San José, Ermita de San Genaro, Capilla de la Cruz Verde, Capilla del Señor del Socorro, Capilla de San José María Robles, Parroquia de la Virgencita.

## Economy

The economy is largely agriculturally based with some trade and services. Livestock reared include bovine, goat, equine, pig and bees and crops grown include corn, chickpeas, alfalfa, peach, avocado, mango and pitayas. There is also some manufacturing and mining activity, with lime and cement factories and mining of marble, limestone, barite, quartz and lime. There is also some fishing of carp and bass and logging of pine and oak. As of 2005 there was some 30,900 hectares of forest. The municipality produces basketry and pottery and clay pots, and wooden furniture. It produces mainly dairy products such as cheese and cream.

## Government
### Municipal presidents

| Municipal president | Term | Political party | Notes |
| Ramón Ventura y Moreno | 1822 | | |
| José Máximo de Agraz | 1823–1824 | | |
| José María Ramírez Miranda | 1825–1826 | | |
| Guadalupe Padilla | 1827 | | |
| Ramón Ventura y Moreno | 1828 | | |
| José Abundio de Medina | 1829–1832 | | |
| Guadalupe Valadez | 1833–1834 | | |
| José María Ramírez Miranda | 1835 | | |
| Justo Francisco de Puga | 1836 | | |
| José María Ramírez Miranda | 1837–1843 | | |
| Justo Francisco de Puga | 1844 | | |
| José Ignacio Brambila | 1845 | | |
| Francisco Mérida | 1846 | | |
| Esteban Soltero | 1847 | | |
| Fernando Pérez | 1848 | | |
| Pedro Cueva | 1849 | | |
| Juan C. Agraz | 1850 | | |
| Justo Merino | 1851 | | |
| Rafael Ramírez | 1852–1855 | | |
| Serapio Pérez | 1856 | | |
| Juan C. Agraz | 1857 | | |
| Emeterio Merino | 1858–1859 | | |
| Serapio Pérez | 1860–1863 | | |
| Gregorio Pérez | 1864 | | |
| José Ma. Agraz | 1865 | | |
| José Ma. García de Alba | 1866 | | |
| Luis G. Cueva | 1867 | | |
| Gregorio M. Medina | 1868 | | |
| Manuel Huezo | 1869 | | |
| José Ma. Agraz | 1870 | | |
| Arcadio Villaseñor | 1870 | | |
| Secundino Soltero | 1870 | | |
| Abundio Medina | 1870 | | |
| José Ma. Agraz | 1871 | | |
| Cayetano Gómez | 1871 | | |
| Clemente Fernández | 1871 | | |
| Miguel Amaya | 1871 | | |
| Cayetano Gómez | 1872 | | |
| Rómulo Ramírez | 1872 | | |
| Cipriano Soltero | 1872 | | |
| Jesús Merino | 1872 | | |
| Leocadio Gómez | 1872 | | |
| Guillermo Torres | 1872 | | |
| Salvador Alcalá | 1873 | | |
| Guillermo Torres | 1873 | | |
| Arcadio Torres | 1873 | | |
| Luis G. Cueva | 1873 | | |
| José Ma. García de Alba | 1873 | | |
| Cipriano Soltero | 1873 | | |
| Miguel Amaya | 1874 | | |
| Cayetano Gómez | 1874–1875 | | |
| Jesús Merino | 1875–1876 | | |
| Guillermo Torres | 1876 | | |
| José Merino | 1877 | | |
| Guillermo Torres | 1877 | | |
| Manuel Gómez de la Fuente | 1878 | | |
| Ignacio Álvarez | 1878 | | |
| José Merino | 1878 | | |
| José Ma. Cueva García | 1879 | | |
| Manuel Gómez de la Fuente | 1879 | | |
| Ignacio Álvarez | 1879 | | |
| Simón Martínez | 1880 | | |
| José Merino | 1880 | | |
| Cayetano Gómez | 1880 | | |
| Simón Martínez | 1881 | | |
| Reyes B. Ramírez | 1881 | | |
| Juan C. Nava | 1881 | | |
| Reyes B. Ramírez | 1882 | | |
| Arcadio Villaseñor | 1882 | | |
| Cayetano Gómez | 1882 | | |
| Arcadio Villaseñor | 1883 | | |
| Arcadio Torres | 1883 | | |
| Cayetano Gómez | 1883 | | |
| Ignacio Álvarez | 1883 | | |
| Arcadio Torres | 1884 | | |
| Ignacio Gómez Medina | 1884 | | |
| Jesús Merino | 1884–1885 | | |
| Mariano Preciado | 1885 | | |
| Cayetano Gómez | 1886 | | |
| Mariano Preciado | 1886 | | |
| Laureano Soltero | 1886 | | |
| Cayetano Gómez | 1887 | | |
| Leocadio Gómez | 1887 | | |
| José M. Merino | 1887 | | |
| Ignacio Álvarez | 1887 | | |
| Lucio Santana | 1887–1888 | | |
| Ignacio Álvarez | 1888 | | |
| Jesús Santana Cueva | 1888 | | |
| Juan C. Nava | 1888 | | |
| Jesús Merino | 1888 | | |
| Arcadio Villaseñor | 1889 | | |
| Jesús Merino | 1889 | | |
| Arcadio Villaseñor | 1890 | | |
| Esteban García de Alba | 1890 | | |
| Marcos E. Cueva | 1890 | | |
| Pedro Ramírez | 1890 | | |
| Juan Gómez García | 1890 | | |
| Jesús Merino | 1891 | | |
| José Ma. Merino | 1891 | | |
| Abraham Pérez | 1891 | | |
| Marcos E. Cueva | 1891 | | |
| Abraham Pérez | 1892 | | |
| José Ma. Merino | 1892 | | |
| Gregorio Medina | 1892 | | |
| Arcadio Villaseñor | 1893 | | |
| Ignacio Gómez Medina | 1893 | | |
| Gregorio Medina | 1893 | | |
| Arcadio Villaseñor | 1894 | | |
| Ignacio M. Medina | 1894 | | |
| Gregorio Medina | 1894 | | |
| Mariano Preciado | 1894 | | |
| Arcadio Villaseñor | 1895 | | |
| Mariano Preciado | 1895 | | |
| Ignacio Gómez Medina | 1895 | | |
| Mariano Preciado | 1896 | | |
| Jesús Santa Cueva | 1896 | | |
| Ruperto García de Alba | 1896 | | |
| Arcadio Villaseñor | 1897 | | |
| Mariano Preciado | 1898 | | |
| Jesús Santana C. | 1898 | | |
| Tomás García de Alba | 1899 | | |
| Clemente Fernández | 1899 | | |
| Félix Agraz Villaseñor | 1899 | | |
| Ignacio Gómez Medina | 1900 | | |
| Marcos E. Cueva | 1900 | | |
| Arcadio Villaseñor | 1900 | | |
| Félix Agraz V. | 1900–1901 | | |
| Marcos E. Cueva | 1901 | | |
| Mariano Preciado | 1901 | | |
| Abraham Pérez | 1901 | | |
| Marcos E. Cueva | 1902 | | |
| José Ma. Cueva Gómez | 1902 | | |
| Esteban De A. | 1902 | | |
| Tomás García de Alba | 1903 | | |
| José E. Ramírez | 1903 | | |
| Mariano Preciado | 1904 | | |
| Tomás García de Alba | 1905 | | |
| Clemente Fernández | 1905 | | |
| Ruperto García de Alba | 1905 | | |
| Ignacio Gómez Medina | 1906 | | |
| Marcos E. Cueva | 1906 | | |
| Antonio L. Villaseñor | 1906 | | Political deputy director |
| Melesio de Anda | 1907 | | |
| Ruperto García de Alba | 1907 | | |
| Marcos E. Cueva | 1907 | | |
| Ignacio Gómez Medina | 1908 | | |
| Ruperto García de Alba | 1908 | | |
| Marcos E. Cueva | 1908 | | |
| Ignacio Gómez Medina | 1909 | | |
| Ruperto García de Alba | 1909 | | |
| Manuel Camargo | 1910 | | Political deputy director |
| Esteban Cueva Zepeda | 1910 | | |
| José Ma. Merino | 1910 | | |
| Juan C. Zepeda | 1910 | | |
| Hilario Villaseñor | 1911 | | |
| Ruperto García de Alba | 1911 | | |
| Esteban Cueva Zepeda | 1911 | | |
| Juan Agraz Brambila | 1911 | | |
| S. Arreola | 1911 | | Political deputy director |
| Alberto Ponce de León | 1912 | | |
| S. Arreola | 1912 | | |
| Francisco R. Aguilar | 1912 | | |
| José Enrique Agraz | 1912 | | |
| Porfirio Cueva Zepeda | 1912 | | |
| Porfirio Villaseñor | 1913 | | |
| Antonio N. Naredo | 1913 | | |
| Juan E. Santana | 1913 | | |
| Juan Ángel Agraz Brambila | 1913 | | |
| Jacinto Gómez | 1914 | | |
| Enrique Villaseñor | 1914 | | |
| Juan Ángel Agraz Brambila | 1914 | | |
| Jacinto Gómez | 1915 | | |
| Juan Ángel Agraz Brambila | 1915 | | |
| Jacinto Gómez | 1916 | | |
| Reyes B. Ramírez | 1916–1917 | | |
| Ángel S. Agraz | 1918 | | |
| Serbando Rueda | 1918 | | |
| Luis Ramírez | 1918 | | |
| Froilán Rodríguez | 1918 | | |
| Vicente Santana | 1918 | | |
| Froilán Rodríguez | 1919 | | |
| Pedro García de Alba | 1919 | | |
| Ignacio Gómez Medina | 1920 | | |
| Salvador G. Villaseñor | 1920 | | |
| Porfirio Villaseñor | 1920 | | |
| Jacinto Gómez | 1920 | | Vice |
| Juan Ángel Agraz Brambila | 1920 | | |
| Jacinto Gómez | 1921 | | |
| Porfirio Villaseñor | 1921 | | Vice |
| Santiago Lepe | 1921 | | |
| Salvador G. Villaseñor | 1922 | | |
| Francisco L. Preciado | 1922 | | |
| Salvador G. Villaseñor | 1923 | | |
| Francisco L. Preciado | 1923 | | |
| Juan García de Alba | 1923 | | |
| Salvador G. Villaseñor | 1924 | | |
| Cesáreo Hernández | 1924 | | |
| E. Montaño | 1924 | | |
| Tranquilino Hernández | 1924 | | |
| Luis Ramírez | 1924 | | |
| J. Gómez Medina | 1924 | | |
| Julián Muñoz | 1924–1925 | | |
| José C. Zúñiga | 1925 | | |
| Tranquilino Hernández | 1925 | | |
| Jesús Flores Villaseñor | 1925–1926 | | |
| Juan Ángel Agraz Brambila | 1926 | | |
| José F. Peregrina | 1926 | | |
| Pánfilo Ruelas | 1926 | | |
| Amado Lepe | 1927 | | |
| J. Jesús Gómez | 1927 | | |
| José Peregrina | 1927 | | |
| Santiago Huezo | 1927 | | |
| Porfirio Villaseñor | 1928 | | |
| Fernando Aguilar | 1928 | | |
| Olivio Fernández | 1929 | | |
| Francisco Serrano | 1929 | | |
| Epigmenio G. Robles | 1929 | | |
| Elpidio González | 1929 | | |
| Fernando Águila | 1929 | | |
| Luis Soltero Gómez | 1929 | | |
| Porfirio Villaseñor | 1929 | PNR | |
| Antonio Escamilla | 1930–1931 | PNR | |
| Luis Ramírez | 1931 | PNR | |
| Natalio Santana | 1932 | PNR | |
| Arturo Merino | 1932 | PNR | |
| Luis Villaseñor | 1933 | PNR | |
| Abraham Ramírez | 1934–1935 | PNR | |
| Natalio Santana | 1936 | PNR | |
| Lucio García | 1936 | PNR | |
| Cruz Santana | 1937 | PNR | |
| Francisco Partida R. | 1938 | PRM | |
| Juan Zolórzano | 1939 | PRM | |
| Guadalupe Gómez | 1939 | PRM | |
| Fidencio Bustos | 1940 | PRM | |
| Román Hernández | 1940 | PRM | |
| Salvador Ramírez | 1941–1942 | PRM | |
| Ernesto Camacho | 1943 | PRM | |
| Aurelio López | 1944 | PRM | |
| Olivio Fernández | 1945 | PRM | |
| Clemente Fernández | 1946 | PRI | |
| Aurelio López | 1947 | PRI | |
| Guadalupe Ramírez | 1948 | PRI | |
| Florencio Torres | 1948 | PRI | |
| Gumersindo Sedano | 1949 | PRI | |
| Bernardo Preciado | 1950 | PRI | |
| Gumersindo Sedano | 1950–1952 | PRI | |
| Roberto Ramírez Villaseñor | 1953–1955 | PRI | |
| Eraclio Soltero Cobián | 1956–1958 | PRI | |
| Everardo Preciado Vera | 1959–1960 | PRI | |
| Vicente Jiménez Luquín | 1961 | PRI | |
| Francisco Vera Cueva | 1962–1964 | PRI | |
| Constantino Vázquez Castillo | 1965–1967 | PRI | |
| Carlos Cueva Pimienta | 1968–1970 | PRI | |
| Juan Cobián Guzmán | 1971–1973 | PRI | |
| Abel Cueva Pimienta | 1974–1976 | PRI | |
| Tomás Cueva Cueva | 1977–1979 | PRI | |
| Salvador Canales Núñez | 1980–1982 | PRI | |
| Gabriel Cueva López | 1983–1985 | PRI | |
| Manuel Rosas Gutiérrez | 1986–1988 | PRI | |
| Heriberto Santana Rubio | 1989–1992 | PRI | |
| J. Jesús Ortega Santana | 1992 | PRI | Acting municipal president |
| Víctor Manuel Ramírez Soltero | 1992–1995 | PRI | |
| Sixto Cueva del Castillo | 1995 | PRI | Acting municipal president |
| Antonio Rubio Flores | 1995 | PRI | |
| Ricardo Ramírez López | 1996–1997 | PRI | Acting municipal president |
| Rito García Lepe | 01-01-1998–31-12-2000 | PRI | |
| José Bernardo Preciado Flores | 01-01-2001–31-12-2003 | PAN | |
| Cuitláhuac Ignacio Arias Merino | 01-01-2004–31-12-2006 | PRI | |
| Alberto Espinosa Sauza | 01-01-2007–31-12-2009 | PRI | |
| Juan León Gil | 01-01-2010–30-09-2012 | PRI Panal | Coalition "Alliance for Jalisco" |
| Francisco Javier Brambila González | 01-10-2012–30-09-2015 | PRI PVEM | Coalition "Compromise for Jalisco" |
| Juan Manuel María Capistrán | 01-10-2015–30-09-2018 | PAN | |
| Ricardo Ramírez Ruelas | 01-10-2018–30-09-2021 | PRI | |
| Arturo Eliud Saldaña Vázquez | 01-10-2021– | PRI | |

## Notable people

* Juan Salvador Agraz – Chemical engineer, founder of the National School of Chemical Science (now, Faculty of Chemistry in the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM).
* Gabriel Agraz García de Alba – Historian.
* Ruperto García de Alba – General and acting governor of Jalisco, 1930-1931.
* Esteban García de Alba Larios – Attorney at Law, politician, president of the Mexican Senate during the government of Manuel Ávila Camacho. Founder of Pensiones del Estado de Jalisco. He built several multi-family homes, some of them in Tlatelolco. Ambassador representing Mexico before the League of Nations.
* Ana Bertha Lepe – actress and Miss Mexico in 1954.