OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Jean Errard

Jean Errard or Errard de Bar-le-Duc (c. 1554 - 20 July 1610) was a mathematician and military engineer, initially in the service of the ducal court of Lorraine and then (after converting from Protestantism to Catholicism) of Henry IV of France. He introduced Italian bastions to France and was a forerunner of Vauban as well as uncle to the painter Charles Errard the Elder. He has been called the "father of French fortification".

## Life
### Youth and education

Born in Bar-le-Duc to a notable family, he became a Protestant by 1572 at the latest, attending the French Reformed Church in Heidelberg, though he still served the Catholic Charles III de Lorraine. He joined the University of Heidelberg in 1573, taking refuge in the Palatinate of the Rhine since Protestanism was banned in the duchies of Bar and Lorraine.
A good student of mathematics and geometry, he entered Charles' service in 1580 and at the start of that decade moved to Lorraine and married Barbe de Rains (or Reims), daughter of a counsellor to the chamber of accounts of Bar. He dedicated Premier livre des instruments mathématiques (Nancy, 1584) to Charles, who had funded its publication. He also produced the first livre des instruments mathématiques mécaniques.

## Designs
### Fortifications

* Abbeville,
* Citadel of Amiens,
* Antibes,
* Bayonne,
* Beauvais,
* Calais,
* Citadel at Doullens,
* Laon,
* parts of the ramparts and citadel at Montreuil-sur-Mer,
* Citadel of Sisteron,
* Saint-Tropez,
* Underground citadel of Verdun
# Nima Ebrahimnejad

Nima Ebrahimnejad (Persian: نیما ابراهیم‌نژاد, born 21 February 1969) is an Iranian former cyclist. He competed in two events at the 1992 Summer Olympics.
# Khanik

Khanik (Persian: خانيك) may refer to:
* Al-Khalidiyah, al-Hasakah Governorate, a village in Syria
* Mağaracık, Nusaybin, a village in Turkey

## Iran

* Khanik, Fars
* Khanik, Razavi Khorasan
* Khanik, Boshruyeh, South Khorasan
* Khanik, Eresk, South Khorasan
* Khanik, Ferdows, South Khorasan
* Khanik, Beradust, Urmia County, West Azerbaijan Province
* Khanik, Sumay-ye Shomali, Urmia County, West Azerbaijan Province
* Khanik, Zanjan
# Ascherbach (river)

The Ascherbach is a left tributary of the Lichte in Thuringia, Germany, and is 4 km long.

## Sources

The Ascherbach rises in Neuhaus am Rennweg (city quarter Schmalenbuche) close to the Rennsteig, the watershed between Franconia and Thuringia in the Thuringian Highland.

## Course

On its way northeast through the Nature Park Thuringia Wald, the Ascherbach flows first through the Schmalenbuche (city quarter of Neuhaus am Rennweg), terns to east and follows the so-called Neuhaeuser Grund (Neuhaus Valley), and finally to reach the housing estate Ascherbach (western municipality part of Lichte). The most western part of this housing estate is also called Glanzfiertel which is an indication to placer gold and gold prospecting.
On the intersection of the two municipality sections Lichte (Ascherbach) / Lichte (Waschdorf) the brook flows into the Lichte River and follows further the Lichte Valley to the Leibis-Lichte Dam and to the mouth into the Schwarza.

## Name

The name Ascherbach doubtless derives from Asche and Bach (ash and brook/rivulet). In earliest documentary records, which go back to 1386, the Ascherbach was named Glaseseiff (placer gold deposit). This mediaeval naming, in connection with Glanzviertel and Glaseseiff, are indications that the stream was a known source of gold
In fact the rivers and streams in the area of the Lichte valley have been known for centuries for deposits of placer gold and are considered to be the most significant sources of gold in Germany. Recreational placer miners continue to find occasional gold nuggets.
# Emre Güral

Emre Güral (born 5 April 1989) is a professional footballer who plays as a forward. Born in Germany, he represented Turkey at 'A2' international level.

## Club career

On 29 March 2022, Güral joined Italian Serie B club Crotone until the end of the season.
# Rihab

Rihab is a village in Mafraq Governorate, in northern Jordan.

## Antique church buildings

Rihab is home to numerous natural caves and dozens of churches, most of which date back to the late sixth or early seventh century.
St. George's church in Rihab is claimed to be one of the oldest churches in the world. A cave beneath the church may have been used for Christian worship as early as AD 33, although this claim has been contested by experts.
# Alan Bailey (rower)

Alan Brian Bailey (March 27, 1881 – March 3, 1961) was a Canadian rower who competed in the 1904 Summer Olympics. He was a member of the Argonaut Rowing Club, which won the silver medal in the men's eight. Only two teams, however, competed in the event.
# Korab Falls

Korab Falls (Macedonian: Корапски Водопад, also known as Proifel Falls; Macedonian: Пројфелски Водопад; Albanian: Ujëvara e Korabit) is a waterfall in the upper course of the Dlaboka River on Mount Korab, North Macedonia. It forms in springtime from the melting snow on the east side of Mal Korab peak. The waterfall differs in height and intensity, depending on the season. It is the highest waterfall in North Macedonia and one of the highest in the Balkan Peninsula.
There are different sources about the height of the waterfall, and the calculated drop varies from 100 to 138 m (328 to 453 ft). The exact height may differ in different points that are taken as its top and bottom, at different measurements. The upper point is at approximately 2,120 metres (6,960 ft) above sea level, and the lower is at around 1,990 metres (6,530 ft).
The highest water levels are in late May and early June, and afterwards the level drops throughout the summer. During very dry summers, the waterfall may dry out in late August and September.
The best track route to the waterfall is the one that leads through the river canyon. It can be accessed both from the left bank of the river through the villages of Nistrovo and Žužnje, or from the right bank from Bibaj, beneath Kabash Peak. The routes are poorly marked, covered with overgrowth, and there are several unsecured river crossings.
# Spoon 21

Spoon 21 (formerly known as Spoon) is a Hungarian band formed in 2013.
The four-member band was initially composed of three classmates at Arany János Sashegyi Gymnasium in Budapest, where they played regularly at school events. Their first major milestone was their appearance in the fifth season of the Hungarian TV music competition X-Faktor, where they were mentored by Gabi Tóth and reached sixth place. They participated in A Dal 2015, the 2015 edition of the national selection for Hungary for the Eurovision Song Contest 2015 with the song Keep Marching On. They were discovered by Gábor Heinz during the summer of 2014, playing on the streets of Balatonfüred, playing Heinz's own song for A Dal, Learning to Let Go. They reached the top four in the superfinal, but Boggie was selected to be the representative for Hungary that year.
In 2016, in addition to working on their first album, they undertook a month-long tour of performing street music on the streets of European cities. They played in Berlin, Amsterdam, London, Paris, and Majorca. In September, they performed a concert at theatre shows in London.
It was announced on 8 December 2016 that Spoon, now known as Spoon 21, would return to A Dal for the 2017 edition with the song Deák, the title being a reference to Deák Ferenc tér. They reached the semi-finals and were eliminated.

## Members

* Péter Földesi
* Márton Grósz
* Miklós Adrián Nagy
* Kristóf Teremy

## Discography

* Keep Marching On (2014)
* Deák (2016)
# Dizaj

Dizaj or Dezej (Persian: ديزج), also rendered as Dizeh or Dizach, may refer to:

## Ardabil Province

* Dizaj, Ardabil
* Dizeh, Khalkhal, Ardabil Province

## East Azerbaijan Province

* Dizaj, Meyaneh, East Azerbaijan Province
* Dizaj, Osku, East Azerbaijan Province
* Dizaj-e Aqa Hasan, East Azerbaijan Province
* Dizaj Azim, East Azerbaijan Province
* Dizaj-e Hasan Beyg, East Azerbaijan Province
* Dizaj-e Hoseyn Beyg, East Azerbaijan Province
* Dizaj-e Jalu, East Azerbaijan Province
* Dizaj Khalil, East Azerbaijan Province
* Dizaj-e Leyli Khani, East Azerbaijan Province
* Dizaj-e Malek, East Azerbaijan Province
* Dizaj-e Mir Homay, East Azerbaijan Province
* Dizaj-e Parvaneh, East Azerbaijan Province
* Dizaj-e Qorban, East Azerbaijan Province
* Dizaj-e Reza Qoli Beyg, East Azerbaijan Province
* Dizaj-e Safar Ali, East Azerbaijan Province
* Dizaj-e Sefid, East Azerbaijan Province
* Dizaj-e Shur, East Azerbaijan Province
* Dizaj-e Talkhaj, East Azerbaijan Province

## Hamadan Province

* Dizaj, Hamadan

## Isfahan Province

* Dezej, Isfahan, in Dehaqan County

## Markazi Province

* Dizaj, Markazi

## Qazvin Province

* Dizaj, Qazvin

## Semnan Province

* Dizaj, Semnan

## West Azerbaijan Province

* Dizaj, Chaldoran, a village in Chaldoran County
* Dizaj-e Hatam Khan, a village in Chaypareh County
* Dizaj-e Aland, a village in Khoy County
* Dizaj-e Batchi, a village in Khoy County
* Dizaj Diz, a village in Khoy County
* Dizaj-e Herik, a village in Khoy County
* Dizaj-e Jamshid Khan, a village in Khoy County
* Dizaj-e Morteza Kandi, a village in Khoy County
* Dizaj, Naqadeh, a village in Naqadeh County
* Dizaj, Showt, a village in Showt County
* Dizaj, West Azerbaijan, a village in Urmia County
* Dizaj-e Dowl, a village in Urmia County
* Dizaj-e Naqaleh, a village in Urmia County
* Dizaj-e Fathi, a village in Urmia County
* Dizaj-e Rahim Pur, a village in Urmia County
* Dizaj-e Takyeh, a village in Urmia County
* Dizaj Rural District, in Khoy County
# Carlos Arruza

Carlos Arruza (February 17, 1920 – May 20, 1966), born Carlos Ruiz Camino, was one of the most prominent bullfighters of the 20th century. He was known as "El Ciclón" ("the cyclone").
Arruza was born in Mexico to Spanish parents. He began fighting bulls at age 14 in Mexico City, and moved to Spain in 1944. He and Manolete were Spain's top matadors of the 1940s.
Arruza retired to a ranch outside Mexico City in 1953, but made a comeback as a rejoneador, fighting bulls from horseback. He appeared in two Mexican films about bullfighting, and had a part in the 1960 John Wayne film The Alamo. He was the subject of the 1971 documentary Arruza, directed by Budd Boetticher. Arruza's sons, Manolo and Carlos Jr., also became prominent toreros.
Carlos Arruza died on May 20, 1966, in an automobile accident while on the road from Toluca, State of Mexico, to Mexico City.
Calle Carlos Arruza, a small street in downtown Tucson, Arizona, is named after Arruza. According to Arizona Daily Star historical writer David Leighton, it may be the only street in the U.S. named after a bullfighter.
The composition "Carlos", by jazz composer and bandleader Gerald Wilson, is dedicated to Arruza. The piece features virtuoso trumpet playing and has been recorded three times by Wilson's band: in 1966 with Jimmy Owens on trumpet, 1989 with Oscar Brashear, and 1995 with Ron Barrows.

## Filmography

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 1944 | Mi reino por un torero | Carlos / Fernando | |
| 1950 | Sangre torera | | |
| 1960 | The Alamo | Lt. Reyes | (final film role) |
# Abarghan

Abarghan or Aberghan or Abraghan (Persian: ابرغان) may refer to:
* Abarghan, Marand, East Azerbaijan Province
* Abarghan, Sarab, East Azerbaijan Province
* Abarghan, Razavi Khorasan
* Abarghan Rural District, in East Azerbaijan Province
# Mihajlovski

Mihajlovski (Macedonian: Михајловски) is the Macedonianization of the Bulgarian surname Mihailov, meaning 'of Mihajlo' (English: Michael).
It may refer to:
* Ana Mihajlovski (born 1982) Serbian TV presenter
* Igor Mihajlovski, Macedonian basketball player
* Ljubomir Mihajlovski (born 1954) Macedonian minister of internal affairs
* Mihajlo Mihajlovski, Macedonian sport administrator
* Toni Mihajlovski, Macedonian actor and stand up comedian
* Zvonko Mihajlovski, Serbian sports television anchor
# Bagadya

Bagadya (Russian: Багадя) is the name of several rural localities in the Sakha Republic, Russia:
* Bagadya, Kobyaysky District, Sakha Republic, a selo in Lyuchcheginsky 1-y Rural Okrug of Kobyaysky District
* Bagadya, Verkhnevilyuysky District, Sakha Republic, a selo in Surguluksky Rural Okrug of Verkhnevilyuysky District
# Emre Nefiz

Emre Nefiz (born 24 November 1994) is a Turkish footballer who plays as a winger for TFF Second League club Bucaspor 1928.
Nefiz was born in Germany to parents of Turkish descent, and has represented the Turkey national under-19 football team.
# Ancient temple, Livadhja

The Ancient temple (Albanian: Tempulli Antik) near Livadhja, Vlorë County, Albania, is a Cultural Monument of Albania.
# Richetia kudatensis

Richetia kudatensis (also called seraya kuning kudat) is a species of tree in the family Dipterocarpaceae. It is endemic to Borneo, in low coastal hills of the north and west of Malaysian Sabah.
Richetia kudatensis is a low emergent tree, growing up to 45 metres tall with a trunk diameter of up to 1.9 metres.
Richetia kudatensis' extent of occurrence (EOO) is over 19,000 km$^2$, and includes to Kota Kinabalu, Kuala Penyu, Kudat, Labuan, Papar, and Pitas districts. It has an estimated area of occupancy (AOO) of 92 km$^2$. It was formerly recorded in northeastern Sabah, but has likely been extirpated from there.
It is locally common in mixed dipterocarp forest on dry hills near the seacoast.
The species has lost approximately 90% of its natural habitat and is listed as Near Threatened on the IUCN Red List.
# Marcus Hyman Bresslau

Marcus Hyman Bresslau (1807/8 – 14 May 1864) was a Prussian-born English Hebraist, editor, author, and journalist.

## Biography

He was born to Gutel and Ḥayyim Bresslau in Breslau, Germany, and moved to London as a youth. He received a traditional Jewish education, and at some point became influenced by the ideas of the Haskalah. For a time, he taught Hebrew at the Westminster Jews' Free School, and worked as baal keriah at the Western Synagogue, at which he occasionally delivered sermons.
He then became connected with the Hebrew Review, which ran under the editorship of Morris J. Raphall from 1834 to 1836. He became editor of the Jewish Chronicle in October 1844, when the periodical was revived by Joseph Mitchell. As editor, he advocated for popular education, for a more effective system of Jewish communal poor relief, and for certain changes to Orthodox liturgy and ritual. He resigned in October 1850 after disputes with Mitchell, but on the latter's suicide in June 1854, he re-assumed the editorship and became sole proprietor, though he sold it a few months later. Some years later, he tried to revive the Hebrew Review, but failed, and he then retired from active work.
Bresslau was the author of a Hebrew grammar and dictionary. From the German, he translated devotional exercises for women, and copied various Hebrew manuscripts in the collection at Oxford. He helped to translate into English the two volumes of "Miscellanea" from the Bodleian, edited by Hirsch Edelmann. Bresslau also publicly criticised the London Society for Promoting Christianity Among the Jews, and wrote of the denial of Jews' rights in England.
Bresslau declined numerous offers of employment within the Jewish community, and he lived his later years dependent on charity. A public subscription and testimonial were presented him during this time, in recognition of a thirty-year literary activity.

## Partial bibliography

* Devotions for the Daughters of Israel; A Collection of Concise Prayers for Jewish Females, for Week Day, Sabbath, New Moons, Festivals, and Fasts. London: I. Vallentine. 1852.
* English and Hebrew Dictionary. London: John Weale. 1854.
* A Compendious Hebrew Grammar. London: John Weale. 1855.
* "The Sabbaths of the Lord"; Being Sabbath Meditations of the Pentateuch and Haphtorahs, Each Medidation Concluding with an Appropriate Prayer. London: s.n. 1858.
# The Noonday Demon

The Noonday Demon: An Atlas of Depression is a memoir written by Andrew Solomon and first published under the Scribner imprint of New York's Simon & Schuster publishing house in 2001. There was a later paperback under the Touchstone imprint. The Noonday Demon examines the personal, cultural, and scientific aspects of depression through Solomon's published interviews with depression sufferers, doctors, research scientists, politicians, and pharmaceutical researchers. It is an outgrowth of Solomon's 1998 New Yorker article on depression.

## Reception

The Noonday Demon received positive critical response, being described by The New York Times as "a book of remarkable scope, depth, breadth, and vitality." The book was honored in 2001 with the National Book Award for Nonfiction and the Lambda Literary Award for autobiography or memoir. In 2002 it was a finalist for the Pulitzer Prize for General Nonfiction.
In 2019, the memoir was ranked 23rd on The Guardian's list of the 100 best books of the 21st century.

## Updated edition

A new edition was published by Charles Scribner's Sons in 2015 that added a chapter about new treatments for depression. The update was mentioned during an NPR Fresh Air interview of Solomon and a New York Times article he authored.
# Owrta Kand

Owrta Kand or Urta Kand or Urtakand (Persian: اورتاكند) may refer to:
* Owrta Kand, East Azerbaijan
* Urtakand, Razavi Khorasan
* Urta Kand, Bukan, West Azerbaijan Province
* Urtakand, Chaldoran, West Azerbaijan Province
# 1971 Cyrus International Tournament

The Cyrus International Tournament (Persian: تورنمنت بین المللی کورش) or simply Cyrus Cup (Persian: جام کورش) was a friendly football tournament held in Tehran, Iran between June 25 to July 4, 1971. As this tournament was held at the same year of the 2,500 year celebration of Iran's monarchy celebrating the foundation of Persian Empire by Cyrus the Great the name Cyrus was given to the tournament.
This tournament was won by Iran who also managed to qualify from Asia for the 1972 Olympic Games the following year.

## Participant teams

The tournament's participants were from three confederations.
| Iran | AFC |
| Zamalek SC | CAF |
| Morocco XI | CAF |
| Austria (Amateur) | UEFA |
| FC Zbrojovka Brno | UEFA |
| Netherlands (Amateur) | UEFA |
| Turkey U23 | UEFA |
| Argeș Pitești | UEFA |

## Results
### Group stage
#### Group A

| Team | Pts | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD |
| Iran | 6 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 1 | +5 |
| Turkey U23 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 0 |
| FC Zbrojovka Brno | 2 | 3 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 3 | -1 |
| Netherlands (Amateur) | 1 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 6 | -4 |

#### Group B

| Team | Pts | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD |
| Argeș Pitești | 5 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 4 | 0 | +4 |
| Austria (Amateur) | 4 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 4 | 6 | -1 |
| Zamalek SC | ? | 3 | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
| Morocco XI | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |

### Final
## Top scorers

* 1. Safar Iranpak
# Autonomous Bougainville Government

The Autonomous Bougainville Government (ABG; Tok Pisin: Otonomos Bogenvil Gavman) is the government of the Autonomous Region of Bougainville, Papua New Guinea.

## Structure

The Constitution of Bougainville specifies that the Autonomous Bougainville Government shall consist of three branches:
* Executive – the President of the Autonomous Region of Bougainville, who chairs the Bougainville Executive Council
* Legislative – the Bougainville House of Representatives (39 elected members and 2 ex officio members).
* Judicial – the Bougainville Courts, including a Supreme Court and High Court.

## History

The government was established in 2000 following a peace agreement between the government of Papua New Guinea and the Bougainville Revolutionary Army (BRA), a guerrilla movement.
Elections for the first autonomous government were held in May and June 2005; Joseph Kabui was elected president, with Joseph Watawi selected by the House of Representatives as vice-president.
A non-binding referendum for independence from Papua New Guinea was held in December 2019. This was in accordance with the terms of the Bougainville Peace Agreement, which requires such a referendum to be held by 2020. There were concerns that the referendum could result in violence due to unresolved tensions from the Bougainville conflict. In this referendum, 98% of voters voted in favour of independence.
Constitutional amendments proposed in February 2020, would see the Autonomous Bougainville Government renamed as the "Bougainville Constitutional Transitional Government".
# The Ramrods (instrumental group)

The Ramrods were an American instrumental rock band in the late 1950s and 1960s, who had a hit in 1961 with their version of the song "(Ghost) Riders in the Sky".
The group was formed in Stamford, Connecticut, United States in 1956 by Claire Lane (born Claire Litke) and her brother Rich Litke. Claire played drums, sang, and arranged the songs; Rich played saxophone. They added Vinny Lee on lead guitar, and Gene Morro on second guitar. At the end of 1960, they recorded their instrumental arrangement of "(Ghost) Riders in the Sky", a song written by Stan Jones which had been a big hit in 1949 for Vaughn Monroe. The Ramrods' version contained eerie and evocative overdubbed shouts, whistles and cattle calls, and was placed with Amy Records, a subsidiary of Bell Records in New York City. The record was made a "Pick of the Week" by Cash Box magazine, and rose to number 30 on the Billboard pop chart in early 1961. Released on the London label, it also reached number 8 on the UK Singles Chart.
The follow-up, "Loch Lomond Rock", a rocked-up version of a traditional Scottish tune, with bagpipes solo, was not successful, and nor were two later singles on the Amy label.
Gene Morro left the group in the early 1960s, and was replaced by Russ Cook (born Russ Mumma) on bass. Vinny Lee later died and was replaced by Bernie Moore (no relation to Gene Moore), who was in turn later replaced by George Sheck, with Cook taking over on lead guitar. Claire Lane left the group in the late 1960s to pursue a solo career, and the remaining Ramrods became the Russ Cook Combo before disbanding in the early 1970s.

## Discography
### Singles

| Year | Title | Peak chart positions | Peak chart positions | Peak chart positions | Record Label | B-side |
| Year | Title | US Pop | US R&B | UK | Record Label | B-side |
| 1960 | "(Ghost) Riders in the Sky" | 30 | — | 8 | Amy | "Zig Zag" |
| 1961 | "Loch Lomond Rock" | — | — | — | Amy | "Take Me Back to My Boots and Saddle" |
| 1962 | "War Cry" | — | — | — | Amy | "Boing!" |
# River Ash, Hertfordshire

The River Ash is a tributary of the River Lea which flows through Hertfordshire, England, before joining the Lea near Stanstead Abbots.
The Ash has elements of both a chalk stream and a more erosive river. It is the only tributary of the River Lea to achieve "Good" ecological status along some of its course.

## Course

The River Ash originates near the village of Brent Pelham in North Hertfordshire and flows through The Hadhams (Little, Ford and Much), Widford, Wareside, until it reaches the River Lea near Stanstead Abbots.
# Margerie Lake Reservoir

Margerie Lake Reservoir is a 244 acre lake in Danbury and New Fairfield, Connecticut. It is a source of public drinking water, maintained by the Danbury Water Department. It has a watershed of 2,942 acres.

## History

The area was originally a valley with a smaller body of water named Margerie Pond. The land was marshland that was also referred to as Margerie Swamp. The land was not suitable for development, but was a spot for foraging cranberries. Plans to dam Margerie Creek to create a reservoir started in 1905. Margerie Swamp was purchased for the purposes of creating a reservoir in 1929. Initially there were concerns about the potability of water in Margerie Creek, and opponents thought the project would be too costly. However, construction of the dam began in 1932.
Margerie Lake Reservoir Dam, a 735 feet long earthfill embankment at the south end of the reservoir, was completed in 1934. A larger earthfill dike was also constructed the north side. At its inception, the reservoir produced five million gallons of water per day. By 1992, that number was down to two million.
In December 2021, the town of New Fairfield was granted funds for the construction of a 2.5 mile walking trail along the lake.
The reservoir suffers from periodic algae blooms.