OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Muraenichthys

Muraenichthys is a genus of eels in the snake eel family Ophichthidae.

## Species

There are currently 8 recognized species in this genus:
* Muraenichthys gymnopterus (Bleeker, 1853)
* Muraenichthys hattae D. S. Jordan & Snyder, 1901
* Muraenichthys malabonensis Herre, 1923
* Muraenichthys philippinensis L. P. Schultz & Woods, 1949 (Philippines worm eel)
* Muraenichthys schultzei Bleeker, 1857 (Maimed worm eel)
* Muraenichthys sibogae M. C. W. Weber & de Beaufort, 1916 (Siboga worm eel)
* Muraenichthys thompsoni D. S. Jordan & R. E. Richardson, 1908 (Thompson's worm eel)
* Muraenichthys velinasalis Hibino & Kimura, 2015 (Curtain-nose worm eel)
# Memet Molochnikov

Memet Bilyalovich Molochnikov (Russian: Мемет Билялович Молочников; 30 December 1912 — 19 January 2003) was a Crimean Tatar commissar, Communist Party member, partisan, and military lawyer.

## World War II activities

He was drafted into the Red Army in 1941 and originally worked in the military tribunal of the 48th Cavalry Division. After the division became surrounded during a Nazi military offensive he switched to working in the partisan military tribunal system. From 10 October 1942 to 5 January 1943 he was the secretary of the Military Tribunal of the Crimean Partisan Detachments in Qarasubazar. The tribunal handled a wide range of types of cases. After the Crimean Partisan groups were reorganized, he served as a partisan, commanding a sabotage group. While functioning as a partisan in Crimea, he personally participated in military combat operations, personally killing two Nazis as well as helping destroy vehicles.

## Personal life

He was born to a Crimean Tatar family on 30 December 1912 in Bakhchisarai. Before the war he worked at the Supreme Court of the Crimean ASSR. After the war he worked at the Krasny Dvigatel Plant in Samarkand. In 1968 he became one of the signatories of the very unpopular Letter of Seventeen that encouraged other Crimean Tatars to give up on their dreams of returning to Crimea. He died in Samarkand on 19 January 2003.
# V838 Herculis

V838 Herculis, also known as Nova Herculis 1991, was a nova which occurred in the constellation Hercules in 1991. It was discovered by George Alcock of Yaxley, Cambridgeshire, England at 4:35 UT on the morning of 25 March 1991. He found it with 10×50 binoculars, and on that morning its apparent visual magnitude was 5 (making it visible to the naked eye). Palomar Sky Survey plates showed that before the outburst, the star was at photographic magnitude 20.6 (blue light) and 18.25 (red light).
V838 Herculis declined from its peak brightness very quickly, fading by 2 magnitudes in less than three days, making it one of the fastest classical novae ever recorded.
All novae are binary stars, with a "donor" star orbiting a white dwarf. The two stars are so close to each other that material is transferred from the donor to the white dwarf. Because the distance between the two stars is comparable to the radius of the donor star, novae are often eclipsing binaries, and V838 Herculis does show such eclipses. The eclipses were first detected a few weeks after the nova outburst, and they show the system's orbital period to be 7 hours, 8 minutes and 36 seconds as of 1991. The shape of the eclipse light curve suggests that the white dwarf itself is not being eclipsed by the donor, but rather that the accretion disk surrounding the white dwarf is being partially eclipsed. The depth of the eclipses was initially only 0.1 magnitudes, but grew over the year following the nova event to 0.7 magnitudes, indicating that the accretion disk re-established itself after the nova outburst during that time.
The white dwarf in the V838 Herculis system is an oxygen-neon-magnesium white dwarf, with a mass of about 1.35 M$_☉$, which is near the Chandrasekhar limit for white dwarf masses. The donor star is believed to be a main sequence star.
# Mehran Khan

Mehran Khan (born 13 April 1987) is a Pakistani-born cricketer who plays for the Oman national cricket team. He made his Twenty20 International debut for Oman against Afghanistan in the 2015 ICC World Twenty20 Qualifier tournament on 25 July 2015. He made his List A debut for Oman in their three-match series against the United Arab Emirates in October 2016.
In 2018, he was part of Oman's squad for the 2018 Asia Cup Qualifier tournament, as well as for the 2018 ICC World Cricket League Division Three tournament. In September 2019, he was named in Oman's squad for the 2019 ICC T20 World Cup Qualifier tournament. In November 2019, he was named in Oman's squad for the 2019 ACC Emerging Teams Asia Cup in Bangladesh.
In May 2024, he was named in Oman's squad for the 2024 ICC Men's T20 World Cup tournament.
# Margot Wicki-Schwarzschild

Margot Wicki-Schwarzschild (born 1931 in Kaiserslautern, died 29 December 2020 in Basel) was a German survivor and a Holocaust witness. She survived two internment camps in France.

## Life

Her father Richard Jakob Schwarzschild, born 12 December 1898 in Kaiserslautern, was of Jewish heritage, and her mother Aloisia, "Luise", née Keim, born 3 January 1909 in Passau, was Catholic. She had a sister: Hannelore Schwarzschild (1929–2014). The family celebrated both Christian and Jewish holy days. The family lived in Steinstraße 30 in Kaiserslautern. In 1938 her father was transported to the Dachau concentration camp for six weeks under protective custody. When he returned, he was not allowed to discuss what had happened to him there. Around the same time, the family had to move into a Judenhaus and Margot (seven years old) and her sister were expelled from their school.
The Synagogue of Kaiserslautern, where her father regularly played the organ was destroyed in September or October 1938.
In the early morning of 22 October 1940, the Gestapo deported the entire family to the French Camp de Gurs in the Pyrenees. "Hunger, lice, bugs, fleas and rats were just as much a part of everyday life as the omnipresent mud." In 1941 Wicki-Schwarzschild was transferred to Camp de Rivesaltes with her mother and sister. In November of the same year, the two sisters came to a home run by the Children's Aid of the Swiss Red Cross in Pringy in Haute-Savoie. Her father was able to rent a small apartment near Carcassonne in semi-freedom and brought the family home. In 1942 they were again deported to Rivesaltes, where the family was separated. Her father was deported to the Auschwitz concentration camp in 1943 and murdered there. With the help of Friedel Bohny-Reiter, a sister of the Swiss Red Cross, and with a photograph of her communion, her mother was able to save herself and her daughters from deportation. An article by Sister Hannelore about the conditions in the camp was sent to a Jewish newspaper in Switzerland. A Swiss teacher read this report and sent the family food parcels.
After the fall of the Nazi regime, Margot, her mother and sister went back to Kaiserslautern. The sisters would have preferred to stay in France as they hardly spoke any German. They went to the boy scouts and their stories impressed the young Erhard Roy Wiehn so much that he decided to study sociology and research the fate of survival. After leaving school, Wicki-Schwarzschild trained as a translator and interpreter. She found work at the American headquarters, then in a Jewish agency in Geneva.
She married Josef Wicki. The couple had children and grandchildren. In 1961 they moved to Reinach where Wicki-Schwarzschild began to report on her experiences in schools and became a Holocaust witness. She also accompanied school classes on trips to Gurs, together with other contemporary witnesses such as Eva Mendelsson and Paul Niedermann. Wicki-Schwarzschild also published a number of memorial texts.
# Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences

The Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (UB RAS; Russian: Уральское отделение Российской академии наук, УрО РАН) is one of the (four, as of 2024) territorial branches of the Academy. It is headquartered in Ekaterinburg.
The Ural filiale of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, a predecessor of the UB RAS, was established in 1932, with Alexander Fersman as founding chairman. In 1971 this filiale was converted into the scientific center and in 1987 into the branch of the USSR Academy; finally in 1991 at collapse of the USSR the branch received its present name.
The research units of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences operate over a vast territory from Arkhangelsk to Orenburg from north to south and from Tobolsk to Izhevsk from east to west. Under the aegis of the UB RAS, there are 32 scientific organizations (among which six federal-level research centers) and 18 universities. As of end-2022, the branch included 41 full and 74 corresponding members of the Academy.
# List of aviation shootdowns and accidents during the Libyan Civil War (2011)

This list of aviation shootdowns and accidents during the Libyan Civil War of 2011 includes shootdowns, accidents and incidents with Libyan (Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, National Transitional Council) aircraft and NATO aircraft.
* 23 February 2011 – In the opening days of the uprising, one SIAI-Marchetti SF.260 was crushed by a tank during a rebel attack on Misrata air base.
* 23 February 2011 – During the Battle for Benina Airport, one Mi-35 (serial number 853), was destroyed on the ground. In the same action, serial number 854 Mi-24 was captured by the rebels together with a Mi-14 of serial number 1406.
* 23 February 2011 – A Libyan Su-22UM-3K crashed near Benghazi. The crew members, Captain Attia Abdel Salem al Abdali and his co-pilot, Ali Omar Gaddafi, were ordered to bomb the city in response to the Libyan Civil War. They refused, bailing out of the aircraft and parachuting to the ground.
* 5 March 2011 – Rebels shot down a Libyan Air Force Su-24MK during fighting around Ra's Lanuf with a ZU-23-2 antiaircraft gun. Both crew members died. BBC reported from the scene after the crash and filmed an aircraft part at the site showing the emblem of the 1124th squadron.
* 17 March 2011 – a Free Libyan Air Force MiG-21UM suffered a technical fault and crashed after takeoff from Benina airport, the aircraft defected on 15 March together with a MiG-21bis landing at Benina airport, departing from Ghardabiya AB, near Sirte to become part of the Free Libyan Air Force. .
* 19 March 2011 – a MiG-23BN of the Free Libyan Air Force was shot down over Benghazi by its own air defenses, who mistook it for a loyalist aircraft. The pilot was killed after he ejected too late.
* 21 March 2011 – An F-15E Strike Eagle, Tail #91–304, from the 492d FS crashed near Bengazi, Libya. Both crew members parachuted into territory held by resistance elements of the Libyan population and were eventually rescued by US Marines. Equipment problems caused a weight imbalance and contributed to the crash when leaving the target area.
* 24 March 2011 – a G-2 Galeb was destroyed after landing by a French Air Force Dassault Rafale after it had violated the declared No-Fly Zone over Misrata.
* (7) 26 March 2011 – five MiG-23s together with two Mi-35 helicopters were destroyed by the French Air Force while parked at Misrata airport, early reports misidentified the fixed wing aircraft as G-2 Galebs.
* 27 March 2011 – A Libyan Air Force Su-22 was destroyed on the ground by a Belgian Air Force F-16AM.
* 9 April 2011 – A Free Libyan Air Force Mi-25D (serial number 854, captured at the beginning of the revolt) violated the no-fly-zone to strike loyalist positions in Ajdabiya. It was shot down by Libyan ground forces during the action. The pilot, Captain Hussein Al-Warfali, died in the crash.
* 21 June 2011 – a MQ-8 from USS Halyburton (FFG-40) was shot down by pro-Gaddafi forces during a reconnaissance mission.
# Sushanta Mitra

Sushanta Kumar Mitra is a Canadian mechanical engineer. He is an elected fellow of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers, the Canadian Academy of Engineering, the Engineering Institute of Canada, Royal Society of Chemistry, the American Physical Society, the Electrochemical Society, and American Association for the Advancement of Science.

## Early life and education

Mitra was born in India to a physicist father. He earned his undergraduate degree in mechanical engineering at Jadavpur University before traveling to Canada for his graduate degrees. Mitra enrolled at the University of Victoria for his Master's degree and the University of Waterloo for his PhD.

## Career

Upon completing his formal education, Mitra joined the Department of Engineering faculty at the University of Alberta. In this role, he led a CMC project to coax microorganisms to convert coal into methane. As a result of his research, he was named a Fellow of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers.

### York

In 2014, Mitra left the University of Alberta to become the Kaneff Professor in Micro and Nanotechnology for Social Innovation and Chair of Mechanical Engineering at the Lassonde School of Engineering. Upon joining the faculty, he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Chemistry and Canadian Academy of Engineering. He was later appointed the Associate Vice-President Research at York University. While serving in these roles, Mitra and his research team conceived of a method of detecting E. coli in contaminated water within two to 60 minutes based on the level of contamination called the Mobile Water Kit. In recognition of his research, he was the recipient of the 2015 Engineering Medal for Engineering Excellence and named a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). He was appointed as the President of the Canadian Society for Mechanical Engineering.
Mitra continued to advance the Mobile Water Kit and, in 2017, raised $50,000 in seed funding through his co-started startup Glacierclean Technologies Inc. to further develop and test the Mobile Water Kit 2.0. The improvements in the newest kit enabled individuals, municipalities, or industries to test water at the source and receive results within minutes.

### Waterloo

Mitra left York University in 2017 to become the executive director of the Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology. In this role, he developed DipTest strips to test the contamination of water in less than three hours at a cost of 50 cents. During the COVID-19 pandemic, Mitra helped develop a coating that would kill the COVID-19 virus immediately upon contact with any surface. His research team worked to quantify the adhesion force between the viral load and the coated surface. His research team is also working on rapid detection of COVID-19. He pioneered the liquid-liquid encapsulation technology, that led to the creation of a Dutch Start up, SLE Enterprises B.V. Mitra started his second term as WIN's Executive Director in August 2022.
# Arthur Meade, 5th Earl of Clanwilliam

Major Arthur Vesey Meade, 5th Earl of Clanwilliam, MC DL (14 January 1873 – 23 January 1953), styled Lord Donore between 1905 and 1907, was a British Army officer and politician.

## Early life and background

Arthur Meade was the second, but eldest surviving, son of Admiral of the Fleet Richard Meade, 4th Earl of Clanwilliam, and Elizabeth, daughter of Sir Arthur Kennedy GCMG CB, governor of various colonies including Queensland, Hong Kong and Vancouver Island.
He was educated at Eton and joined the Royal Horse Guards.
Since the death of his elder brother in 1905 he bore the courtesy title Lord Donore, and two years later, upon the death of his father, he became the fifth Earl of Clanwilliam.

## Military career

On the outbreak of the Second Boer War, Meade served with his regiment in South Africa, becoming a captain in 1900. He was mentioned in despatches (31 March 1900), and was severely wounded, after which he served as Assistant Provost Marshal and Staff Captain. In early 1902 he was seconded to serve with the 30th Battalion, Imperial Yeomanry, as second-in-command with the temporary rank of major. The battalion left Southampton for South Africa in early May, but arrived after the end of hostilities the following month. Meade left South Africa shortly thereafter, on the SS Sardinia, which arrived at Southampton in October 1902. He relinquished his commission with the Imperial Yeomanry in November 1902. After a short time in India as an extra ADC to the viceroy, Lord Curzon, he returned to England in 1904 and served as adjutant of the Royal Horse Guards until 1907, retiring and becoming a captain on the Reserve of Officers on his marriage in 1909.

## Later life

After his retirement, he divided his time between his property in Ireland (Montalto, Ballynahinch, County Down) and London. When war broke out in 1914 he returned to the Army and served in France with his regiment from 1915 to 1919 with distinction, being mentioned in dispatches and gaining the Military Cross. On returning to London he succeeded Lord Kintore as chairman of the Carlton Club.
During the 1939–45 war he was for some time an unpaid assistant Whip in the House of Lords with a seat on the Front Bench. Although not a very frequent speaker in the Upper Chamber, he was a valuable member of committees, both as chairman and member.

## Family

He married in 1909 Muriel, daughter of Russell Stephenson and widow of the Hon. Oliver Howard. She died in June 1952. There was one son and two daughters of the marriage, and the title devolved upon the son, Major John Meade, 6th Earl of Clanwilliam (1914–1989). Clanwilliam died on 23 January 1953 at his home in Bagshot, Surrey.
# Gozolokolo

Gozolokolo (Russian: Гозолоколо) is a rural locality (a selo) in Obodinsky Selsoviet, Khunzakhsky District, Republic of Dagestan, Russia. Population: 164 (2010 Census); 177 (2002 Census); 125 (1989 Soviet census). There are 3 streets in this selo.

## Geography

It is located 8 km from Khunzakh (the district's administrative centre), 85 km from Makhachkala (capital of Dagestan) and 1,641 km from Moscow. Tumagari is the nearest rural locality.
# Bird (technology)

Bird is an interactive input device designed by Israel-based startup, MUV Interactive, which develops technology for wearable interfaces. Bird connects to computers to make any surface an interactive 3D environment. The device features remote touch, touchpad swipe control, gesture control, touchscreen capabilities, voice command recognition, a laser pointer, and other advanced options.

## History

Rami Parham, CEO and founder of MUV Interactive, established the company in 2011 with his brother and aimed to create an advanced way of interacting with connected devices. Parham founded MUV Interactive in Herzliya, Israel with COO Yuval Ben-Zeev.
In 2013, MUV Interactive raised seed funding from investors, including the OurCrowd funding platform, for the development of Bird. Pre-orders for Bird began in 2015, and the device shipped to thousands worldwide the following year. Bird is currently used in corporate, educational, and personal settings.

## Technology

Bird is a device that is worn on the index finger and allows users to engage and interact with their digital content. The wearable device uses motion sensing technology to turn a TV or projected image into an interactive display – from up close like a touchscreen or remotely. Up to five Bird devices can be used on the same surface. The device operates through ten different sensors, including accelerometer, motion, and proximity sensors. Algorithms analyze the data including the wearer's position in space, pointing direction, hand posture, voice commands, and pressure levels from the sensors in real time. Bird's sensors accurately detect data up to 100 feet away from the interactive area.
Bird's various features allow the user to interact with the display in diverse ways. Remote touch is used to control content remotely like a remote mouse from up to 100 feet away. The device's touchpad allows the user to scroll up, down, left, and right. Bird's gesture control allows a user to control content using large hand gestures to make presentations more engaging. The touch feature turns any surface into a touchscreen. Bird can also be used as a smart controller for smart appliances including smart light bulbs and thermostats and as a control for drones using gestures.
# Darreh Hamyaneh

Darreh Hamyaneh (Persian: دره هميانه), also known as Darhamyaneh or Darreh Hambaneh, may refer to:
* Darreh Hamyaneh-ye Olya
* Darreh Hamyaneh-ye Sofla
# Tere Gilbert

Tere Ngawai Gilbert ONZM is a New Zealand early childhood educator and advocate for the te reo Māori language. In 2024 Gilbert was appointed an Officer of the New Zealand Order of Merit for services to early childhood and Māori language education.

## Early life and education

Gilbert is Māori, and affiliates to Te Āti Awa, Ngāti Hauiti, Ngāti Raukawa and Ngāti Kahungunu iwi. Gilbert attended the University of Waikato where she earned a Bachelor and a higher diploma of teaching, a postgraduate diploma in education, and a Master of Business Administration.

## Career

Gilbert has been a part of the Māori language revival movement, Kōhanga Reo, for more than thirty years. Gilbert was the kaiako (teacher) and tumuaki (manager) of the University of Waikato on-campus early childhood education centre from 1994 until 2015. In 2015 she established the first puna reo for Te Kōhao Health in Hamilton, providing kaupapa Māori immersion education for children up to the age of six, that is, education both in the te reo Māori language and within a Māori cultural framework. That puna reo, Te Kōhao Health, was so popular that a second, Te Puna Reo o Te Kōhao, was established two years later.
Gilbert founded the collective for puna reo in New Zealand, Ngā Puna Reo o Aotearoa, and chaired it since its inception in 2021. The organisation represents 54 puna reo around the country, and advocates for better resourcing for puna reo and pay parity with kindergarten teachers. Gilbert represents Ngā Puna Reo o Aotearoa on the Ministry of Education's Early Childhood Advisory Committee.

## Honours and awards

In the 2024 Queen's Birthday Honours Gilbert was appointed an Officer of the New Zealand Order of Merit for services to early childhood and Māori language education.
# Bluffton, Texas

Bluffton is an unincorporated community in Llano County, Texas, United States. According to the Handbook of Texas, the community had an estimated population of 75 in 2000. In the 2020 Census, the population was reported to be 180.
Bluffton is located at the intersection of RM 2241 and Texas State Highway 261 near the western shore of Lake Buchanan, approximately twelve miles northeast of Llano.
Bluffton has a post office, with the ZIP code 78607. Public education in the community of Bluffton is provided by the Burnet Consolidated Independent School District.

## History

Bluffton's original town site is today submerged by Lake Buchanan. When the Buchanan Dam was completed in 1939, it flooded the original townsite. Beginning in 1931, the entire town was moved several miles to the west. It forced town residents to abandon ranches and successful pecan trees. In 2011, a severe drought caused lake levels to drop, re-exposing the old town to dry land.