OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Pujith Jayasundara

Pujith Senadhi Bandara Jayasundara (Sinhala: පූජිත් සේනාධි බණ්ඩාර ජයසුන්දර) also simply known as Pujith Jayasundara (Sinhala: පූජිත් ජයසුන්දර) (born 15 March 1960) is a former Sri Lankan police officer. He was the 34th Inspector-General of Police (IGP) from 2016 to 2020. He was sent on compulsory leave from April 2019 following the Easter bombings and retired in March 2020.

## Early life and education

Jayasundara was born 15 March 1960 in Kurunegala. He is the son of Ranbandara Jayasundara, who worked for an electronics and radio appliance manufacturing company in Colombo. He received his primary education at Thaksala Maha Vidyalaya in Mahamukalanyaya in Bogamuwa. At grade five, he was admitted to Ibbagamuwa Central School and then joined Dharmaraja College in Kandy in 1969 soon after. He graduated from University of Sri Jayewardenepura with a Bachelor of Commerce with a class of second upper.

## Police career

He joined the Sri Lanka Police in 1985 as a Probationary Assistant Superintendent of Police. He worked as a Senior Deputy Inspector General of Sri Lanka Police prior to his appointment as the IGP. He served as a police officer for 35 years until his retirement in 2020.
Jayasundara was appointed on 20 April 2016, recommended by the newly appointed Constitutional Council of Sri Lanka. He was chosen from among three Senior Deputy Inspector Generals of Police. The Constitutional Council approved his appointment. He was expected to prosecute cases against former President of Sri Lanka, Mahinda Rajapakse and his allies.

### Easter bombings

On 26 April 2019 President Maithripala Sirisena ordered Jayasundara to resign over failures that led to the deadly Easter bomb attacks. Due to a lack of response from Jayasundara, he was put on compulsory leave with Senior DIG C. D. Wickramaratne appointed as the acting Inspector General.
However in a 20-page complaint Jayasundara claimed that there were serious communication gaps between intelligence agencies and security arms of the government, all which fall under Sirisena. He also stated that the State Intelligence Service (SIS) which reports directly to the president ordered him to stop ongoing police investigations into Islamic militants including the National Thowheeth Jama'ath (NTJ).
Jayasundara who was arrested along with Hemasiri Fernando, Secretary to the Ministry of Defence for failing prevent the Easter bombings. In February 2020, he was released on a cash bail of Rs 250,000. In March 2020, he retired from the police service and was approved to obtain his pension and retirement benefits.
# Graping

Graping is a phenomenon marked by the appearance of unreflowed solder particles on top of the solder mass. The solder that is partially coalesced resembles a cluster of grapes, hence the derivation of the phenomenon’s name.

## Causes

Graping occurrence has continued to increase since it was first identified in 2006. The viscosity of the flux decreases as the temperature of the reflow oven increases. Lead-free reflow soldering temperatures are higher, which results in more graping. Graping is also caused by increased surface oxidation. The increased surface oxidation is the result of smaller printed paste deposit volumes that cause a diminished surface area to flux ratio of the solder particle, resulting in flux exhaustion. While solder paste can be manufactured using any size range, there has been a move towards finer particle sizes, especially for fine feature stencil printing. Finer particle sizes places added pressure on the solder paste flux to remove surface oxides, which leaves the outside of the joint not fully coalesced, producing the irregular surface finish known as graping.

## Resolutions

The graping phenomenon can be resolved utilizing proper solder materials in addition to correct reflow profile settings. Solder powders are available that provide a tighter distribution range as well as a high oxidation barrier. This barrier not only improves the paste release from the stencil, but also provides an ideal surface area-to-volume ratio. These solder powder characteristics help to eliminate the graping phenomenon. Future solder paste flux formulations provide sufficient activity paired with re-oxidation mitigation capabilities. This pairing means that graping can be resolved as it occurs, which is ideal for miniaturization processes.
There are also steps to take when setting up one's reflow profile to reduce the amount of heat exposure to the solder paste during the reflow process and prevent graping:
* Opt for a ramp to peak profile, as opposed to a soak profile.
* Adjust the belt speed to decrease the total time in oven to a recommended ramp rate of 1 °C/second from ambient to peak.
* Utilize a peak temperature ranging from 235°-240 °C.
* Cut back the time above liquidus (TAL) to 40–60 seconds.
# Abrar

Abrar (Persian: ابرار, Samaritans in English) is a Persian-language daily newspaper published in Tehran, Iran.

## History and profile

Abrar was first published on 8 November 1988. The printing of the paper was done using the printing facility of a defunct leftist newspaper, Azadegan. It is described by the US newspapers as hard-line and traditional conservative publication. Mohammad Safizadeh, former minister of interior, holds the licence of Abrar. The paper is based in Tehran and focuses on political, cultural, social and economic news. It has two sister newspapers, Abrar-e Varzeshi (Sports Abrar) and Abrar-e Eghtesdai (Economic Abrar).
During the presidency of Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani Abrar was one of his supporters. In June 2013, the offices of the paper were raided and sealed and it was closed down.
# Chahak

Chahak (Persian: چاهك) may refer to:
* Chahak, Bushehr
* Chahak, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari
* Chahak, Anbarabad, Kerman Province
* Chahak, Jiroft, Kerman Province
* Chahak, Manujan, Kerman Province
* Chahak, Qaleh Ganj, Kerman Province
* Chahak, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad
* Chahak, Qom
* Chahak, Khoshab, Razavi Khorasan Province
* Chahak, Dalgan, Sistan and Baluchestan Province
* Chahak, Eskelabad, Khash County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province
* Chahak, South Khorasan
* Chahak, Yazd
* Chahak Rural District, in Yazd Province
# Kishtudak

Kishtudak (Tajik: Киштӯдак) is a village in Sughd Region, northern Tajikistan. It is part of the jamoat Yori in the city of Panjakent. It is located near the RB12 highway.
# Majid Khodabakhsh

Majid Khodabakhsh (Persian: مجید خدابخش, born 1956 in Ardabil) is an Iranian moderate reformist politician, and the current Governor of East Azerbaijan since 2017, in the Government of Hassan Rouhani. He was previously Governor of Ardebil Province from 2013 to 2017, and also was former Deputy Governor of East Azerbaijan and West Azerbaijan.
# Gaspar Di Pizio

Gaspar Di Pizio (born 23 February 2000) is an Argentine professional footballer who plays as a centre-forward for Estudiantes.

## Career

Di Pizio started out at Escuela de El Potrero, before signing with Estudiantes at the end of 2012. Eight years later, in 2020, he was promoted into their first-team under caretaker manager Leandro Desábato. Di Pizio made his senior debut on 22 November 2020 in a Copa de la Liga Profesional home defeat to Aldosivi, as he replaced Darío Sarmiento with twenty-six minutes remaining.

## Career statistics

    As of 23 November 2020.
Appearances and goals by club, season and competition :
| Club | Season | League | League | League | Cup | Cup | League Cup | League Cup | Continental | Continental | Other | Other | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Estudiantes | 2020–21 | Primera División | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
# Nikolay Lomtev

Nikolay Petrovich Lomtev (Russian: Николай Петрович Ломтев; (c. 1816-1817 – c. 1858-1859) was a Russian history painter and graphic artist in the Academic style.

## Biography

He was born to a merchant family from Rostov in either 1816 or 1817. In the mid-1830s, the family moved to Saint Petersburg and his father was registered with the merchant's guild. Around 1837, he entered the Academy of Fine Arts and studied with the history painter, Fyodor Bruni. In 1838, Bruni went to Rome to complete some work there and he followed in 1839, at his father's expense.
In 1840, when Bruni returned to Russia, he stayed in Italy, using up his money and lapsing into drunkenness. Despite this, he continued to copy the Old Masters, sketch landscapes and keep a detailed diary of his struggles.
In 1846, at his father's request, he returned to Saint Petersburg and was awarded the title of "Artist" by the academy for his painting of Angels proclaiming the punishment of Sodom and Gomorrah. He continued to paint primarily Biblical and historical scenes, although he also did landscapes. Some of his works were among the first bought by Pavel Tretyakov but, overall, they were not financially successful and, by the late 1850s, he was once again on the verge of poverty.
After his father's death, he received a legacy that made him financially independent but, not long after, he died from a "cold" (more likely influenza or pneumonia) in either 1858 or 1859.

## Selected paintings

* Angels herald the heavenly judgment of Sodom and Gomorrah (1845)
* The Apostle Andrew erecting a Cross near present-day Kyiv (1848)
* The Sermon of Girolamo Savonarola in Florence (1850s)
* Auto-da-fé (1850-е)
# Ċirkewwa

Ċirkewwa (Maltese: Iċ-Ċirkewwa) is a harbour and zone situated at the northernmost point of Malta, part of the locality of Mellieħa.
It is the site of the Ċirkewwa Ferry Terminal, from where regular car ferries operate to the port of Mġarr in Gozo. In the summer, boat trips to Comino also operate, as well as organised diving excursions. As Ċirkewwa is a point on the northernmost end of the island, and not a town, there is no major infrastructure besides the terminal, but near the harbour there is a hotel resort. Paradise Bay, a sandy beach, is also nearby, to the south of the Ċirkewwa peninsula.
Visitors travelling to Gozo can reach Ċirkewwa by car by following road signs to Gozo, and by bus directly from Valletta, Sliema, Buġibba and St. Paul's Bay.

## Etymology

The name Ċirkewwa is derived from the Maltese word "ċirka", which means "circle". This name was given to the town due to its circular shape, as it is situated on a small peninsula that curves outward into the Mediterranean Sea.

## Diving in Ċirkewwa

Ċirkewwa is one of the most visited scuba diving sites on the Maltese Islands. It has underwater cliffs, caves, tunnels and an arch down to the seabed at 27m. Ċirkewwa also includes the wrecks of the tugboat MV Rozi and the P29 patrol boat, which were intentionally sunk in 1992 and 2007, respectively. Out towards Marfa Point is a statue of the Virgin Mary which was placed in a natural cavern by the Amphibians Diving Club.
From the middle of 2010, divers have been cooperating to designate Ċirkewwa as a Voluntary Marine Reserve to safeguard the site. The site now has the support of the diving community which is working to gain the support of the fishing, angling and boating communities to implement a code of conduct to preserve and protect the site.
# Gudeodiscus dautzenbergi

Gudeodiscus dautzenbergi is a species of air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Plectopylidae.

## Etymology

The specific name is in honour of Belgian malacologist Philippe Dautzenberg.

## Distribution

The distribution of Gudeodiscus dautzenbergi includes Vietnam.

## Ecology

It is a ground-dwelling species as all other plectopylid snails in Vietnam.
Gudeodiscus phlyarius live at geographically close sites to Gudeodiscus dautzenbergi.
# Walter John Burton

Walter John Burton (1836–1880) was a New Zealand nineteenth-century photographer.
Burton was born in Leicester, England. His father, John Burton, was a prominent photographer and his firm John Burton and Sons was patronised by Queen Victoria and other members of the Royal Family.
Burton emigrated to New Zealand in 1866 and established a photographic studio called the Grand Photographic Saloon and Gallery in Princes Street, Dunedin. The business proved so successful that he had more work than he could handle so in 1868 he asked his brother Alfred Henry Burton to emigrate and join him in the venture.
Burton concentrated on studio portraiture while his brother travelled extensively photographing landscapes and local people. Despite their initial success, in 1877 Alfred and Walter's partnership came to an acrimonious end. Walter visited Europe to acquaint himself with new photographic developments while Alfred took over the firm.
On his return to New Zealand in 1878 Burton established another photographic studio - again in Dunedin and again focusing on studio portraiture. This business was not as successful as Burton Brothers as he often kept his customers waiting, bungled photos so that they had to be re-shot, and frequently lost his temper. He was also a heavy drinker. The business declined and in 1880, aged forty-four, he committed suicide. It is thought that he swallowed a lethal dose of potassium cyanide, a chemical used in the photographic process.
Though Burton was a fine portrait photographer but it was his brother Alfred Henry Burton's work in landscape and ethnographic studies that made the reputation of the Burton Brothers firm.
# Alessandro Piovesan

Alessandro Piovesan (born 30 October 1975) is an Italian former footballer. He has spent most of his career in the Serie C2, he has represented teams from all of the major Italian divisions, from Serie A to Serie D.

## Career

Piovesan started his professional career playing for Serie A side Padova in 1995. Having made a single appearance in his debut season, he went on loan to Serie C2 side Pisa for the 1996–97 season, where he made 18 league appearances. Although he returned to Padova for the following season, he did not play again for the club, and instead switched to Serie D side Santegidiese in January 1998. After a successful spell with the club, where he made 13 appearances, he returned to the Serie C2 with Sandonà in the summer; he became a regular for the club, and made 65 out of a possible 68 league appearances for them. He then joined Serie C2 side Mestre in 2000, where he made 51 league appearances before leaving for Pavia, who also played in the Serie C2. However, after 16 games in the league, he switched to Trento, where he made ten further appearances that season. A move to Genoa followed in 2003, but he left the club in 2004 without making an appearance; instead, he spent the 2004–05 season back in the Serie D, with Savona, where he made 22 league appearances. He then once again moved to a Serie C2 club for the following season, when he joined Venezia; he made 45 league appearances before joining Pergocrema in January 2007, where he made 13 league appearances.
Piovesan remained in the Serie C2 for the 2007–08 season; but an unsuccessful spell at Bassano Virtus (where he made two league appearances) was matched by a similarly unsuccessful spell at Sansovino, whom he made five league appearances for after moving in January 2008. He switched to Serie C2 side Itala San Marco in the summer of 2008, where he made 42 league appearances in a two-season spell. In 2010, he joined Vigontina, marking the end of his professional career.
In 2014, he joined the Venezia Soccer Academy.
# Fath Al-Andalus

Fath Al-Andalus (transl. Conquest of Andalusia; Arabic: فتح الأندلس) is a Kuwaiti-Syrian television series filmed in 2022. In April 2022, the series sparked anger in Morocco as the producer being accused of erasing the Amazigh identity of Tariq Ibn Ziyad, the main protagonist in the series.
# Vasily Malinovsky

Vasily Fyodorovich Malinovsky (Russian: Василий Фёдорович Малиновский; (1765 — 1814) was a Russian diplomat and publicist. He was the brother of Alexey Fyodorovich Malinovsky and Paul Fyodorovich Malinovsky, and the father of Ivan Vasilyevich Malinovsky, a lyceum schoolmate of Pushkin's.

## Biography

Malinovsky graduated from the philosophy faculty of Moscow State University, where his father once worked. He had excellent knowledge of Greek, ancient Greek, Latin, Turkish, French and English. Malinovsky was especially influenced by Nikolay Novikov. From an early age he was attracted to the fight against despotism. Having strong command of English, he was appointed to the staff of the Russian diplomatic mission to England. In 1791, he was married to Sophia Andreevna Samborskaya. Upon return to Russia, he was appointed to the peace congress at Yassi to conduct diplomacy at the end of the Russo-Turkish War. In 1800, Malinovsky was appointed as consul to the Moldavian principality, where he was widely liked.
Upon return to Moscow in 1802, Malinovsky published the journal Fall Evenings («Осенние вечера»), where he published his essays "On War", "Love of Russia", "History of Russia", "Personal Side" («Своя сторона»). Under a pseudonym V.M., published "Thoughts on War and Peace". In 1802, Malinovsky also appealed to Count Kochubey with a project for the emancipation of serfs, one of the first emancipation proposals in Russia.
Malinovsky helped to finance and administer a lyceum at Tsarskoe Selo until the Napoleonic War of 1812. He died on March 23, 1814, and is buried in the Okhtinsky Cemetery. In 1964, a Soviet memorial plaque was placed on his tombstone.
# Kordestani

Kordestani (Persian: کردستانی) is a Persian surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Eshrat Kordestani (born 1984), Iranian Paralympian in Sitting volleyball
* Hassan Kordestani, Iranian footballer
* Omid Kordestani (born 1963), Iranian-Kurdish American businessman
# Teraja Waterfall

Teraja Waterfall (Malay: Wasai Teraja) is a waterfall in Mukim Labi, Belait District, Brunei, on the upper reaches of the Teraja River. Out of 40 waterfalls in area of Labi, it is one of the two waterfalls open to public.

## Geography

The area of Mukim Labi, especially Kampong Teraja, has flora and fauna as well as protected forest areas and has now been recognized as the Heart of Borneo area. It is the aspiration of the government that wants the forest area not to be explored or developed by any party but to continue to receive holistic recommendations for protection towards the conservation of the biological diversity of the tropical forest as a national tourist destination that holds a lot of the flora and fauna, especially the wasai found in the village area. Although the area in the waterfall is not very big, rapid waterfall, cold water and decorated with various types of forest orchids that grow in the surrounding area.

## Development

The Youth and Sports Department (JBS) District Branch through the Youth Development Unit has organized a 'Weekend Activity' (Wasai Trail) project by exploring two areas of the waterfall (wasai) in Kampong Teraja namely Wasai Teraja and Wasai Beluluk for filling the free time of the youth with filling programs aimed at active human development. The project organized by JBS first explored Teraja Waterfall. Before the activity started, the participants first listened to a briefing and explanation about their personal safety and then they were divided into five groups to start walking towards Teraja Waterfall to clean the waterfall area in that place as their community service.

## Activities

A trail which led eastwards of the river, to the waterfall and the highest point in the general vicinity Teraja Hill was made. Activities such as group trekking are carried out regularly with safety precautions due to the waterfall's remoteness.

## Transportation

It is within 40 minute walking distance from a nearby longhouse in Kampong Teraja. It can be accessed by driving until the very end of the Labi Road. Many challenges had to be faced such as crossing several creeks.
# Mizan Khorasan VC

Mizan Khorasan Volleyball Club (Persian: باشگاه والیبال میزان خراسان) is an Iranian professional volleyball team based in Mashhad, Iran. They compete in the Iranian Volleyball Super League.

## History

Mizan Khorasan Volleyball Club was founded in 2010 in Mashhad, Iran with the help of Khorasan Razavi Volleyball Association. Mizan first started competing in the Iranian Super League in 2012.

## Current squad

* 3. Sahab Delghandi
* 5. Mohsen Ekhtiarabadi
* 7. Mojtaba Yousefi
* 8. Mohammad Valipour
* 9. Amir Ramshini
* 10. Shahrouz Homayounfar
* 11. Rahman Davoudi
* 13. Soheil Ahmadi
* 14. Amin Alavi
* 15. Ebrahim Yolmeh
* 16. Ali Jafari
* 17. Teodor Bogdanov
* 18. Mohammad Taher Vadi
* 19. Sahand Allahverdian
* 20. Alireza Mobasheri
* Head coach: Jabbar Ghouchannejad
* Assistant coach: Bagher Soleimannejad
# Taqiyatas district

Taqiyatas district (Karakalpak: Taqiyatas rayonı, Тақыятас районы) is a district of Karakalpakstan in Uzbekistan. Its seat is the city of Taqiyatas. It was created in 2017 from part of Xojeli district. Its area is 180 km$^2$ (69 sq mi) and it had 75,500 inhabitants in 2022. The district contains one city Taqiyatas, one town, Naymanko'l, and three village councils Keneges, Naymanko'l, and Sarayko'l.
# Khalid Kishtainy

Khalid al-Kishtainy (Arabic: خالد القشطيني; 10 October 1929 – 3 June 2023) was an Iraqi writer and satirist living in London.

## Life and career

Born in Baghdad, Kishtainy trained as a lawyer and artist, graduating in painting from Baghdad's Institute of Fine Arts in 1952 and gaining a law degree from the University of Baghdad in 1953. After the 1958 Iraq Revolution broke out he stopped teaching painting in Baghdad and moved to London to work for the BBC. From 1989 he wrote a daily satirical column in al-Sharq al-Awsat.
Kishtainy died on 3 June 2023, at the age of 93.

## Works

* Verdict in Absentia: A Study of the Palestine Case as represented to the Western World, Palestine Liberation Organization Research Center, 1969
* Whither Israel? A Study of Zionist Expansionism, Palestine Liberation Organization Research Center, 1970
* Palestine in Perspective, Palestine Liberation Organization, 1971
* The New Statesman and the Middle East, Palestine Research Center, 1972
* Social and Foreign Affairs in Iraq, 1979
* The Prostitute in Progressive Literature, Allison & Busby, 1982
* Arab Political Humour, Quartet Books, 1985; 1992
* Tales from Old Baghdad: Grandma and I, Routledge, 1997
* Tomorrow is Another Day: A Tale of Saddam’s Baghdad, Elliott & Thompson Ltd, 2003
* By the Rivers of Babylon, Quartet Books, 2008
* Arabian Tales: Baghdad-on-Thames, Quartet Books, 2011
# Arsaki

Arsaki (Russian: Арсаки) is the name of two rural localities in Slednevskoye Rural Settlement, Alexandrovsky District, Vladimir Oblast, Russia:
* Arsaki (hamlet), Vladimir Oblast, a hamlet
* Arsaki (settlement), Vladimir Oblast, a settlement