OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Raphana

Raphana (Ραφάνα in Ancient Greek), was one of the Decapolis cities mentioned by Pliny the Elder, within his Naturalis Historia (Book V.74).
Raphana was sought for the last two millennia, after no one could identify this ancient settlement, as it was mostly omitted from maps or in scientific literature.
Some connected it with Raphon of the Macabbees. Some other looked for a substitution and chose the site of Abila at the northern Jordanian valley of Wadi Queilbeh, because of Abila's important history and its attested connection to the Decapolis region. But, there is no archaeological evidence that Abila has ever had any other ancient name than Abila dekapoleos, Abila Seleukia or also Abila viniferos (mentioned by Eusebius in his Onomastikon (Abila), 12 miles east of Gadara).
Raphana itself was unidentified. Recent research has found a plausible position for Raphana at the northeastern-edge of the Decapolis region. This fits also to the history of Flavius Josephus, who describes the forts around a place called Raepta, which is very plausibly the predecessor settlement of Raphana. For the mentioned connection see also the Pleiades Database for "Raphana" at stoa.org. In some online sites you can read that Raphana was at the "Abilene plain" and some mixed this name again with Abila at Wadi Queilbeh south of the Yarmuk, but the Abilene Plain describes a completely different region and the area around Abila Lysaniae, which is north-west of Damascus and always connected with the Paneas region too. But Abila Lysaniae and its history also have nothing to do with Raphana. The notation at the Notitia Dignitatum at "Arefa" shows us for a later date that there was a military unit, an ala at that location. This connection (with Arefa) you will also find at the above-mentioned Pleiades Database. That such a military camp was normally situated at the border of the ancient empires seems to be clear. Therefore with a very high plausibility Raphana of the Decapolis, with its predecessor Raepta and its successor Arpha/Arefa, can be found at the Khirbet ar-Rafi'ah ("Ar-Rafi'ah Ruins"), positioned at Ard al-Fanah, at the border between the Arabian Desert and the fertile Ghouta south of Damascus.
For a time the city seems to have been the base camp of the 12th Roman legion, Legio XII Fulminata, as well as of Legio III Gallica.
# Tatiana Nikonova

Tatiana Nikolaevna Nikonova (Russian: Татья́на Никола́евна Ни́конова; 4 February 1978 – 12 May 2021) was a Russian feminist, journalist, blogger, and sex educator. Nikonova was the creator, first owner and editor-in-chief of Spletnik.ru, one of the first sites with news and gossips about celebrities. Tatiana Nikonova was one of the first public sex educators in the Russia. Since 2001, she promoted the need of sex education for teenagers.
Despite Tatiana's diverse activities, she has focused attention on two areas that are interrelated - sexual education and the protection of the rights of women and sexul minorities.
Nikonova in one of the women who advocated the introduction of feminitives in Russian speech on the example of Alexander Pushkin and Leo Tolstoy showed why the language in which they wrote is repulsive without the designation of feminine forms of words.
Nikonova was divorced.
# Medal of Merit (Czech Republic)

The Medal of Merit (Czech: Medaile Za zásluhy) is an award of the Czech Republic which comes in three grades, the First Grade being the highest. It is awarded to people for service to the Republic in a number of different public areas, including: “the economy, science, technology, culture, arts, sports, enlightenment and education, defense and security of the state and the people”. The medal was designed by Jiří Harcuba.

## Appearance

The insignia composes of a simple breast ribbon, primarily yellow-gold in color, and a medal. The ribbon has thin violet stripe(s) running the vertical length of the ribbon; the number of stripes indicates the grade of the medal: a single stripe indicates the highest grade, while three stripes mark the lowest grade. The medals for all three grades are of identical design, with the official symbol of the Medal of Merit, and the inscription “ZA ZÁSLUHY” (“For Meritorious Service”), on the obverse and the Greater Coat of Arms of the Czech Republic on the reverse. The type of metal used indicates the grade: Gilded silver is used for the First Grade, silver for the Second, and bronze for the Third.

## History

The Medal of Merit was originally created by the Parliament of the Czechoslovak Federative Republic in 1990. However, no one was awarded the medal prior to its reauthorization by the Parliament of the Czech Republic.
# Clearwater Cave system

The Clearwater Cave System (Malay: Gua Air Jernih) in Gunung Mulu National Park, Sarawak, Malaysia is believed to be one of the world's largest interconnected cave systems by volume and its 9th longest at 236.796 km (147.138 mi) (2020). The system lies mainly under the western margins of Gunung Api between the Melinau Gorge and Cave of the Winds.
The first exploration by speleologists was during the 1977/78 Royal Geographical Society Mulu Sarawak Expedition when 24 km (15 mi) of the cave passage were surveyed. Many expeditions have increased the explored length and will continue to do so for the foreseeable future.
# Fort San Salvatore

Fort San Salvatore (Maltese: Il-Forti San Salvatur), also known as Fort Salvatore (Maltese: Il-Fortizza tas-Salvatur), is a retrenched fort in Birgu, Malta. It was built in 1724 on one of the bastions of the Cottonera Lines. It was used as a prisoner-of-war camp during the Greek War of Independence and World War I, and as an internment camp and kerosene depot in World War II.

## History

Construction of the Cottonera Lines began in 1670, but work was suspended ten years later due to a lack of funds. By this time, the bastioned enceinte was complete, but other crucial parts such as cavaliers, ravelins, the ditch, the glacis and the covertway had not yet been built. In the early 18th century, some efforts were made to complete the lines, although they still lacked some crucial elements.
In 1724, San Salvatore Bastion, the northernmost bastion of the Cottonera Lines and the closest to the city of Birgu, was converted into a retrenched fort by French military engineers. The fort has two demi-bastions linked by a curtain wall, all of which are surrounded by a ditch. A parade ground is located in the centre of the fort.
The fort remained in use by the British in the 19th and 20th centuries. From 1824, it was used as a prisoner-of-war camp for Turkish prisoners during the Greek War of Independence. It became a POW camp once more when it housed German prisoners in World War I.
Between May and July 1940, some Maltese who were believed to be supporters of Italian irridentism, including future Prime Minister Enrico Mizzi, were interred within the fort. 43 of the internees were later exiled to Uganda, but were allowed to return in 1945.
During World War II, the fort became a kerosene depot. The depot exploded when the fort was bombed by Italian aircraft on 25 October 1941.

## Present day

Like most of the Cottonera Lines, today the fort still exists but is in a rather dilapidated state.
Fort San Salvatore is one of the few fortifications in Malta which are private property. In 1958, Prime Minister Dom Mintoff leased the fort to Prestressed Concrete Limited, a company owned by his brother Raymond Mintoff, for £100 every six months. In 1982, the fort's emphyteusis was redeemed for £M 2,000, and the fort became private property.
In April 2015, the fort's owners asked €3.2 million to sell it to private investors. In May of the same year, several NGOs suggested that the campus of the proposed American University of Malta should be split up between Fort San Salvatore and the nearby Fort Ricasoli and Fort Saint Rocco. This proposal will not be implemented, as the campus is to be split up between Dock No. 1 in Cospicua and Żonqor Point in Marsaskala.
# Podvisoki

Podvisoki (Cyrillic: Подвисоки) was a medieval settlement, a castle town (in Serbo-Croatian: podgrađe, lit. 'under-town'), as part of wider area just beneath of the fortress Visoki, located on the Visočica hill above modern-day Visoko, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

## History

Podvisoki served as the primary trading center for much of the medieval history of the Bosnian state from the mid-14th century onwards. Its first recorded mention was in 1363. The town was situated along the Fojnica river, at the foothills of Visočica hill in the Bosnia region, and was considered one of the early examples of medieval urban settlements in the area.
Podvisoki was home to a colony of Ragusan merchants, who remained there until the 1430s when they moved to Fojnica. One notable local merchant from Visoko in the 14th century was Milaš Radomirić.
According to Ragusan sources, the biggest caravan trade between Podvisoki and Ragusa occurred in 1428. On August 9 of that year, Vlachs committed to delivering 1500 modius of salt with 600 horses to Ragusan lord Tomo Bunić. The delivery was meant for Dobrašin Veseoković, and the Vlachs' price was half of the delivered salt.
In the late 14th century, merchants from Podvisoki were involved in the slave trade. Historical records indicate that in November 1389, a man named Bogovac Vukojević (also known as Bogaueç Vochoeuich Bossinensis de Souisoch) traded a young Bosnian boy named Milko for 4 ducats.
# John Cassin (naval officer)

Commodore John Cassin (July 16, 1760 – March 24, 1822) was a United States Navy officer, who led the vital defense of Gosport Navy Yard during the War of 1812 and served as its Commandant.

## Early life

Cassin, born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, on July 16, 1760, was the son of Joseph Cassin, who was born in Dublin, Ireland, and came to Philadelphia in 1725. Ref: Daughters of the American Revolution, DAR, Application for Membership No. 522718.

## Military service

During the American Revolutionary War, Cassin served in the Army and took part in the Battle of Trenton.
In 1803, Cassin was assigned as second officer at the Washington Navy Yard.
During the War of 1812 he led the United States Navy in the Delaware for the defense of Philadelphia. He also commanded the Norfolk Naval Shipyard from 10 August 1812 until 1 June 1821. After that he was the commanding officer of the Southern Naval station, Charleston, South Carolina.

## Family

In the early 1780s Cassin married Ann Wilcox (1754–1821) of Philadelphia. They had four children: Elizabeth Ann Cassin (married Captain Joseph Tarbell), Joseph Cassin (1784–1821), Stephen Cassin, and John Cassin (b.1791, died young). Joseph and Stephen were Navy officers.

## Death

He died on March 24, 1822, in Charleston, South Carolina.
# Kilmonivaig

Kilmonivaig (Scottish Gaelic: Cill Mo Naomhaig) is a small village, situated close to the southeast end of Loch Lochy in Spean Bridge, Inverness-shire, Scottish Highlands and is in the Scottish council area of Highland.
Fort William lies approximately 15 miles southwest of Kilmonivaig.

## Parish of Kilmonivaig

Kilmonivaig is also the name of the large parish which has its Church of Scotland parish church one kilometer from the bridge at Spean Bridge on the north side of the river. Kilmonivaig was one of the two constituent parishes which traditionally made up Lochaber.
A memorial to the Commandos, who trained at nearby Achnacarry, is situated on a vantage point above Spean Bridge looking out over Kilmonivaig. The work of sculptor Scott Sutherland, it was cast by H.H. Martyn & Co. of Cheltenham and unveiled by Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother on 27 September 1952.

## Bridges of Kilmonivaig Parish

The villages of Roy Bridge and Spean Bridge both boast bridges designed by Thomas Telford between 1817 and 1819 and subsequently widened. Just downstream of Spean Bridge is the remains of High Bridge completed by General Wade in 1736 at a cost of £1,087.

## Royal Heritage and battles

In 1431 a battle took place at Kilmonivaig between Donald Baleal, cousin of Alexander of Islay, Earl of Ross, then a state prisoner of Tantallon Castle and the Earls of Caithness. In this battle the royal forces were defeated and the Earl of Caithness was slain. In 1645 Montrose fought Argyll, with Argyll being defeated.
# William Aiken Walker

William Aiken Walker (March 11, 1839 – January 3, 1921) was an American artist best known for genre paintings of African-American sharecroppers. He also documented the American Civil War era during his service in the Confederate Army.
Walker was born to an Irish Protestant father and a mother of South Carolina background in Charleston, South Carolina in 1839. In 1841, after his father died, Walker's family remained in Charleston where Walker grew up. (Seibels)
In 1861, during the American Civil War, Walker was conscripted in the Confederate Army and was sent to Morris Island as part of the Palmetto Guard. Almost immediately, Walker was sent on to Richmond and Camp Davis. Four months later, he received a medical discharge from the army. For the remainder of the war he served as a civilian draftsman to the Confederate Engineers Corps and made maps and drawings of Charleston's defenses. (Seibels) He was separated from the military at the end of 1864. After the Civil War, Walker moved to Baltimore, where he produced small paintings of the "Old South" to sell as tourist souvenirs.
In 1868 Walker painted the ruins of the Cathedral of Saint John and Saint Finbar that burned down in December 1861 in a fire that ravaged Charleston, South Carolina.
He is best known for his paintings depicting the lives of poor black emancipated slaves, especially sharecroppers in the post-Reconstruction American South. Two of his paintings were reproduced by Currier and Ives as chromolithographs. Walker continued painting until his death on January 3, 1921, in Charleston, where he is buried in the family plot at Magnolia Cemetery.
# Ilija Dimovski

Ilija Dimovski (Macedonian: Илија Димовски) (born August 10, 1980) is a former member of the Assembly of North Macedonia representing the city Veles from 2006 to 2020. Ilija Dimovski is a former spokesman of VMRO-DPMNE. He also was a member of the Legislative Committee, Deputy-Member of the Committee on Defence and Security, Chairman of the Committee on the Political System and Inter-Ethnic Relations, and Chairman of the Committee on Election and Appointment Issues. Ilija Dimovski is an active writer in the daily newspaper Dnevnik.
# Rhône Glacier

The Rhône Glacier (German: Rhonegletscher, Walliser German: Rottengletscher, French: glacier du Rhône, Italian: ghiacciaio del Rodano) is a glacier in the Swiss Alps and the source of the river Rhône and one of the primary contributors to Lake Geneva in the far eastern end of the Swiss canton of Valais. Because the glacier is located close to the Furka Pass road it is easily accessible.

## Geography

The Rhône Glacier is the largest glacier in the Urner Alps. It lies on the south side of the range at the source of the Rhône. The Undri Triftlimi (3,081 m) connects it to the Trift Glacier. The glacier is located on the northernmost part of the canton of Valais, between the Grimsel Pass and the Furka Pass and is part of the Oberwald municipality. The Dammastock (3,630 m) is the highest summit above the glacier.

## Evolution

* 1870
* 1900
* 2005
* 2008
* 2010
* 2018
* 2021
The Rhône Glacier is easily accessible so its evolution is observed since the 19th century. The glacier lost ~1300 m during the last 120 years leaving behind a track of naked stone.

## Slowing the retreat

For several years, UV-resistant fleecy white blankets have been installed during the warm periods, covering about 5 acres of the retreating glacier to reduce its melting. It's estimated that this effort reduces the melting by up to 70%. In addition to the global implications of increasing climate warming and instability, the local economy is at risk of losing business income from glacier tourists who have flocked to the area since 1870 to walk through "a long and winding ice grotto with glistening blue walls and a leaky ceiling". In 2018, photographers Simon Norfolk and Klaus Thymann created a series of photographs titled "Shroud" displaying the wrapped glacier for the charity organisation Project Pressure to draw attention to the glacial retreat.
# Commission of the Lithuanian Language

The State Commission of the Lithuanian Language (Lithuanian: Valstybinė lietuvių kalbos komisija, VLKK) is the official language regulating body of the Lithuanian language.
The Language Commission was put in operation in 1961 as a non-governmental entity under the auspices of the Lithuanian Academy of Sciences.
Now, it is a state-run language police, founded under the auspices of the Seimas (parliament) of Lithuania. The mandate of the Commission comprises not only regulation and standardization of the language, but also implementation of the official language status. Commission decrees on linguistic issues are compulsory by law to all companies, agencies, institutions, and the media in Lithuania.
# Florida J. Wolfe

Florida J. Wolfe (c.1867 – May 20, 1913), also known as "Lady Flo", was an African-American socialite, cattle rancher and philanthropist in El Paso, Texas, and Ciudad Juárez.

## Biography

Wolfe was born in Illinois around 1867. Wolfe may have arrived in El Paso in 1882 along with Henry O. Flipper. She was fluent in Spanish.
Wolfe was responsible for helping her common-law husband, Irish Lord Delaval James Beresford, regain his lost fortune and help build up his cattle ranches in Juarez. They met while she was working as a nurse in the American consul in Mexico. Their relationship was less of a problem in Mexico than it was in Texas. It was illegal at the time for interracial couples to marry or live together. The couple would go to El Paso to give parties and donated money to the El Paso Fire and Police departments. In 1899, Wolfe was listed as Bereford's housekeeper at their home in El Paso.
In December 1906, Beresford died in a train wreck in Minnesota and Wolfe inherited his property. Beresford's family contested the will, leading to a long court battle. In 1911, she filed a suit over the title of a tract of land in El Paso. At the end of the court battles, she received $15,000 and a few hundred cattle.
Wolfe lived in El Paso at 417 South Ochoa Street in downtown El Paso towards the end of her life. She attended church regularly at the Second Baptist Church. She died in El Paso on May 20, 1913, after she contracted tuberculosis. Her real estate property was appraised at $5,150 and her personal items were worth $120.65 at the time of her death. She is buried in the Concordia Cemetery. People visiting the cemetery claim to see her moving across the grounds in a white dress.
# Szamocin, Masovian Voivodeship

Szamocin is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Strachówka, within Wołomin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately 6 kilometres (4 mi) south-east of Strachówka, 33 km (21 mi) east of Wołomin, and 53 km (33 mi) north-east of Warsaw.
# Koala Lumpur: Journey to the Edge

Koala Lumpur: Journey To The Edge is software company Broderbund's first comedy adventure video game released for the PC in 1997. The name of the lead character is a pun on Kuala Lumpur, the capital of Malaysia.

## Plot

The game centres around a Zen Master koala named Koala Lumpur (Phil Robinson) and his friend, a dingo named Dr. Dingo Tu-Far (John Stevenson) in their quest to prevent the apocalypse caused by Koala Lumpur's mistaken utterance of a mystic incantation. To perform this feat, Koala and Dr. Dingo must collect pieces of the lost scroll of cartoon prophesies spread out over four stages: Search for Dr. Dingo, Land of Lost Things, Stream of Consciousness, and Eye in the Sky.

## Gameplay

Koala Lumpur stores any items picked up in his seemingly bottomless fez. The player character is a fly which at several points must be flown into Dr. Dingo's brain.

## Development

Colossal Pictures employee James Baker originally worked on Koala Lumpur as a TV pitch for LA network executives. The project was about a mystical problem solver that was a mixture between Yoda and Mandrake the Magician, who had an Indiana Jones-esque sidekick named Dr Dingo. He ultimately failed in getting it off the ground. A couple of years later, Colossal's interactive unit led by Stuart Cudlitz found the old pitch materials and thought the "goofy investigative team" would make for a good video game. While Baker knew nothing about games, he figured its creation might make networks more open to a TV show down the track. The team pitched KOALA LUMPUR: MYSTIC MARSUPIAL to Broderbund, who greenlit the project. During the game's production, Colossal Pictures filed for bankruptcy, which made it difficult and stressful to complete the project.

## Critical reception

Review scores :
| Publication | Score |
| GameSpot | 7.8/10 |
| Next Generation | |
Rebecca Anderson of GameSpot praised the game for its silly and satirical tone, noting that it demonstrates Broderbund's willingness to experiment beyond its earnest educational titles with a comedic video game. PC Power spoke highly of the game's "difficult and challenging" puzzles, and thought it had high replayability. Next Generation enjoyed the characters for their depth, charm, and "corny one-liners". While he criticized that some of the puzzles are illogical, he found most of them inventive and concluded that the charm of the characters helps the player get past the stumbles in the gameplay. The Computer Show reviewer Al Giovetti complimented the voice cast on their vocal performance including accents and funny inflections. Game Revolution praised the game's wackiness, though thought it could become stale after a while. The Tap Repeatedly review was scathing; the site ultimately gave it the lowest rating of "double cornpoop". Similarly Jenny Guenther of Just Adventure offered a rating of F−, deeming it unrecommendable.