OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Roßwein–Niederwiesa railway

The Roßwein–Niederwiesa railway is a branch line in the German state of Saxony. It runs from Roßwein through the Striegis valley to Hainichen and on to Frankenberg and Niederwiesa, where the line ends at a junction with the Dresden–Werdau railway. Since 2004, only the 16.8 km long section between Niederwiesa and Hainichen is still operating.

## History

In the spring of 1867 construction began on the railway line between Niederwiesa and Hainichen. On 1 March 1869, the Royal Saxon State Railways (German: Königlich Sächsische Staatseisenbahnen) opened the line as a branch of the main line between Chemnitz and Dresden. Initially, only about two to three trains ran daily.
The Hainichen-Rosswein Railway Company (Hainichen-Rossweiner Eisenbahn-Gesellschaft), which had been founded in 1872, opened, on 15 August 1874, a new 17 km-long section from Hainichen to Roßwein to the Borsdorf–Coswig railway of the Leipzig–Dresden Railway Company. It was taken over by the Royal Saxon State Railways on 10 August 1876, which had managed operations on it from its opening.
The Harass (or Harrassprung—"Haras’ leap", referring to the legend of a leap on horseback off the rocks into the river said to have been made by Dietrich von Harras in 1449) tunnel runs through the Harass rocks (Harrasfelsen) between Braunsdorf and Frankenberg. It was the site of a serious railway accident on 14 December 1913. During a winter storm, about 100 m³ of rock broke away from the Harass rocks and blocked the southern exit of the tunnel. Shortly after 22.15, a passenger train from Frankenberg to Niederwiesa ran into the debris. The accident claimed 10 dead and 53 wounded and is still regarded as the worst rail disaster in Saxony.
Saxony cancelled passenger services between Roßwein and Hainichen on 24 May 1998. Freight traffic on this section was also closed on 1 January 2000. The Federal Railway Authority (Eisenbahn-Bundesamt) approved the closure of the Hainichen–Roßwein section on 11 July 2001 and it was completed on 30 September 2001. In August 2002, during the most severe flood in Saxony, bridges on this section were completely destroyed and parts of the track were washed away by the flow of the Striegis. The reconstruction and reopening of the line is therefore out of the question.
In October 2002, the whole line was leased to Regio Infra Service Sachsen. After several years of renovation, the City-Bahn Chemnitz reopened the Niederwiesa–Hainichen section on 11 December 2004. As part of the renovation, the old Frankenberg (Sachs) Süd halt was abandoned and replaced by a newly established halt of the same name about 800 metres closer to the centre of Frankenberg, near the Auf dem Wind housing estate. Two services an hour run on the line on weekdays and on Saturdays and Sundays services run every two hours. Services are operated using a Regio-Shuttle diesel railcar.

## Railtrail

The lower section between Hainichen and Roßwein, however, remains unused. In 2005, it was abandoned by Regio Infra Service Sachsen and the city of Hainichen decided to dismantle the tracks in order to build a cycle path on the route.
# 1999 South Pacific Games

The 11th South Pacific Games, also known as Guam 1999 (Chamorro: Guåhån 1999), held in Santa Rita and Hagåtña, Guam from 29 May to 12 June 1999, was the eleventh edition of the South Pacific Games.

## Participating countries

The 21 countries that competed at the 1999 South Pacific Games were:
* American Samoa
* Cook Islands
* Fiji
* French Polynesia
* Guam
* Kiribati
* Marshall Islands
* Micronesia
* Nauru
* New Caledonia
* Niue
* Norfolk Island
* Northern Marianas
* Palau
* Papua New Guinea
* Solomon Islands
* Tonga
* Tuvalu
* Vanuatu
* Wallis and Futuna
* Western Samoa

## Sports

There were 22 medal sports contested:$^,$
* Athletics (45) (details)
* Baseball (1)
* Basketball (2)
* Beach volleyball (2)
* Boxing (12)
* Golf (4)
* Judo (6)
* Karate (13)
* Netball (1) (details)
* Outrigger canoeing (10) (details)
* Rugby sevens (1) (details)
* Sailing (10)
* Softball (3)
* Swimming (34) (details)
* Table tennis (7)
* Taekwondo (11)
* Tennis (7)
* Triathlon (3)
* Underwater fishing (2)
* Volleyball (2)
* Weightlifting (45)
* Wrestling (16)

## Medal table

New Caledonia topped the medal count.
| Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
| 1 | New Caledonia (NCL) | 72 | 54 | 44 | 170 |
| 2 | Fiji (FIJ) | 33 | 32 | 37 | 102 |
| 3 | Nauru (NRU) | 27 | 8 | 7 | 42 |
| 4 | French Polynesia (PYF) | 25 | 18 | 34 | 77 |
| 5 | Papua New Guinea (PNG) | 19 | 31 | 34 | 84 |
| 6 | Western Samoa (WSM) | 19 | 9 | 4 | 32 |
| 7 | Guam (GUM) | 14 | 32 | 26 | 72 |
| 8 | American Samoa (ASA) | 7 | 3 | 5 | 15 |
| 9 | Micronesia (FSM) | 4 | 2 | 6 | 12 |
| 10 | Solomon Islands (SOL) | 3 | 6 | 12 | 21 |
| 11 | Wallis and Futuna (WLF) | 3 | 6 | 11 | 20 |
| 12 | Vanuatu (VAN) | 2 | 8 | 12 | 22 |
| 13 | Northern Mariana Islands (MNP) | 2 | 6 | 8 | 16 |
| 14 | Tonga (TON) | 2 | 3 | 10 | 15 |
| 15 | Norfolk Island (NFK) | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 |
| 16 | Palau (PLW) | 0 | 7 | 3 | 10 |
| 17 | Kiribati (KIR) | 0 | 3 | 3 | 6 |
| 18 | Marshall Islands (MHL) | 0 | 2 | 5 | 7 |
| 19 | Cook Islands (COK) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 20 | Niue (NIU) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 20 | Tuvalu (TUV) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Totals (21 entries) | Totals (21 entries) | 233 | 231 | 262 | 726 |
# Summa sententiarum

Summa sententiarum (transl. Summary of Sentences; written between 1138 and 1141) is a medieval theological work consisting of six treatises. Several codices and the Patrologia Latina contain the seventh treatise on marriage, authored by Walter of Mortagne.
The subjects of the treatises are as follows:
* Three theological virtues, the Trinity and the incarnation;
* Creation and condition of angelic nature;
* Creation and condition of human nature;
* Sacraments in general and God's commandments;
* The sacrament of Baptism;
* Sacraments of Confirmation, Eucharist, Penance and Anointing.

## Authorship

Numerous manuscripts contain divergent manuscript attributions: "Magister Odo", "Odo episcopus de Luca", "Odo ex dictis magistri Hugonis", "iuxta magistrum Anselmum et magistrum Hugonem", "Magister Hugo". In the past, the authorship of all the treatises was commonly attributed to Hugo of St. Victor. The current consensus is that the attribution was false. Some of scholars still agree, that the author was someone named Hugo, however his identity is disputed.
Among the possible authors of the work are Hugh of Mortagne, Odo of Soissons [Wikidata], Odo of Saint Victor [Wikidata], Otto or Odo of Lucca, and Hildebert of Lavardin.

## Sources and influences

Sources utilized by the author include Hugo's Summa de sacramentis, Walter of Mortagne's Tractatus de Trinitate, and collections of sentences starting with words "Deus itaque summe" and "Principium et causa omnium" (Sententiae Anselmi).
Most of the Summa sententiarum was incorporated into Peter Lombard's Sentences. Master Roland of Bononia also used this work.
# Cho Nam-joo

Cho Nam-joo (Korean: 조남주, born in 1978) is a South Korean writer and author. She is best known for her 2016 novel Kim Ji-young, Born 1982, which has sold more than a million copies and is often credited with propelling a feminist movement in South Korea.

## Personal life

Nam-joo was born in South Korea in 1978. She grew up in Bucheon and moved to Seoul with her family at the age of five. During her mother's pregnancy with Cho, her father promised her uncle—who had five daughters—that if the baby was born a boy, he would gift the child to the uncle to raise. Ultimately, she was raised by her own parents.
As a child, Nam-joo loved reading, but she didn't have money for books, and her local public libraries in the poor outskirts of Seoul where she lived were barely functioning. She borrowed the few books she could and reread those stories again and again.
Nam-joo attended all-girls' school for middle school, high school, and college. She graduated from Ewha Womans University with a sociology degree. Nam-joo currently lives in Seoul with her family.

## Career

Nam-joo began her career in television as scriptwriter. She spent nearly a decade as a writer for TV programs about current events at a broadcasting station. She left work to raise her child, then returned as a writer. She published two novels before her hit book, Kim Ji-Young, Born 1982 was published in 2016. By 2023, she has published or signed for 10 books.

### Kim Ji-Young, Born 1982

Nam-joo published her third novel, Kim Ji-Young, Born 1982, in 2016. Originally written in Korean, it has been translated into more than 18 languages and sold more than one million copies.
Its publication in 2016 coincided with South Korea's very own #MeToo Movement, prompting a feminist reckoning and an urgent nationwide debate about gender inequality. The book is considered not just a novel but also cultural "reportage" and a "social treatise."
The slim novel is intended to portray an average Korean woman from childhood and through career and motherhood—the name Kim Ji-Young is the Korean equivalent of Jane Smith. It is the story of a 33-year-old stay-at-home mother who is driven to a psychotic break by misogyny and expectations on motherhood in Korean culture. The book is filled with footnoted statistics that reveal real gender inequalities in South Korea.
Cho wrote the novel in 2015 within a span of just three months. The book is inspired by her own life and experiences—after a decade of working, she left her career to raise her child for a period, then found it difficult to reenter the workforce. So, she used this time to leverage her sociology degree and began collecting articles and sociological data to inform her book.
A film adaptation of Kim Ji-Young, Born 1982, featuring actress Jung Yu-mi in the titular role, was released in Korea in 2019 to critical acclaim.
# Cyril Cleverdon

Cyril Cleverdon (9 September 1914 – 4 December 1997) was a British librarian and computer scientist who is best known for his work on the evaluation of information retrieval systems.
Cyril Cleverdon was born in Bristol, England. He worked at the Bristol Libraries from 1932 to 1938, and from 1938 to 1946 he was the librarian of the Engine Division of the Bristol Aeroplane Co. Ltd. In 1946 he was appointed librarian of the College of Aeronautics at Cranfield (later the Cranfield Institute of Technology and Cranfield University), where he served until his retirement in 1979, the last two years as professor of Information Transfer Studies.
With the help of National Science Foundation funding, Cleverdon started a series of projects in 1957 that lasted for about 10 years in which he and his colleagues set the stage for information retrieval research. In the Cranfield project, retrieval experiments were conducted on test databases in a controlled, laboratory-like setting. The aim of the research was to improve the retrieval effectiveness of information retrieval systems, by developing better indexing languages and methods. The components of the experiments were:
* a collection of documents,
* a set of user requests or queries, and
* a set of relevance judgments—that is, a set of documents judged to be relevant to each query.
Together, these components form an information retrieval test collection. The test collection serves as a standard for testing retrieval approaches, and the success of each approach is measured in terms of two measures: precision and recall. Test collections and evaluation measures based on precision and recall are driving forces behind modern research on search systems. Cleverdon's approach formed a blueprint for the successful Text Retrieval Conference series that began in 1992.
Not only did Cleverdon's Cranfield studies introduce experimental research into computer science, the outcomes of the project also established the basis of the automatic indexing as done in today's search engines. Essentially, Cleverdon found that the use of single terms from the documents achieved the best retrieval performance, as opposed to manually assigned thesaurus terms, synonyms, etc. These results were very controversial at the time. In the Cranfield 2 Report, Cleverdon said:
This conclusion is so controversial and so unexpected that it is bound to throw considerable doubt on the methods which have been used (...) A complete recheck has failed to reveal any discrepancies (...) there is no other course except to attempt to explain the results which seem to offend against every canon on which we were trained as librarians.
Cyril Cleverdon also ran, for many years, the Cranfield conferences, which provided a major international forum for discussion of ideas and research in information retrieval. This function was taken over by the SIGIR conferences in the 1970s.
# Cham Ab

Cham Ab (Persian: چماب, also Romanized as Cham Āb) is a village in Hejdandasht Rural District, Salehabad District, Mehran County, Ilam Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 297, in 63 families. The village is populated by Kurds.
# Armed Forces of the Czech Republic

The Armed Forces of the Czech Republic (Czech: Ozbrojené síly České republiky) are the military forces of the Czech Republic. They consist of the Army of the Czech Republic, the Military Office of the President of the Czech Republic and the Castle Guard, as defined by the Act No. 219/1999, on the Armed Forces of the Czech Republic. The current supreme commander of the Armed Forces of the Czech Republic is President of the Republic Petr Pavel.
The term Armed Forces of the Czech Republic is defined by law. However, in several Czech military documents it is also used for the actual Army of the Czech Republic. For example, 2004 Doctrine of the Armed Forces of the Czech Republic is called Doctrine of the Army of the Czech Republic (Doktrína Armády České republiky). Moreover, in 2011 White Paper on Defence the term armed forces is understood differently from its definition in Act No. 219/1999 and includes Land, Air, Special and Support Forces, Military Police, Military Intelligence, Military Office of the Czech President and Castle Guard. On the other hand, 2015 Security Strategy of the Czech Republic states that "the armed forces, with the Army of the Czech Republic at their core, play a key role in supporting the implementation of the defence policy."
# Rezqabad Rural District (Kashmar County)

Rezqabad Rural District (Persian: دهستان رزق‌آباد) is in Farah Dasht District of Kashmar County, Razavi Khorasan province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Rezqabad, whose population at the time of the 2016 National Census was 2,704 in 858 households.
In 2018, Farah Dasht District was formed, and Rezqabad Rural District was created in the new district.
# Doshman Ziari Rural District

Doshman Ziari Rural District (Persian: دهستان دشمن زيارئ) may refer to:
* Doshman Ziari Rural District (Fars Province)
* Doshman Ziari Rural District (Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province)
# Dumbrava Sibiului Natural Park

The Dumbrava Sibiului Natural Park (Romanian: Parcul Natural Dumbrava Sibiului) (natural park category V IUCN) is a protected area situated in central Romania, in Sibiu County, in administrative territory of Sibiu city.

## Description

Dumbrava Sibiului Natural Park was declared a natural protected area by Law Number 5, of March 6, 2000. It consists of a forest area (Dumbrava Forest) crossed by the Trinkbach River, forming on its course three anthropic-type lakes.
The natural park was a favoured promenade location for inhabitants of Sibiu as early as the 18th century. It is known nowadays for the ASTRA National Museum Complex. The defunct tram line connecting Sibiu with Rasinari can also be seen from there. The Municipal Cemetery, opened in 1907, is located on the south side of the park's woods.

## Flora and fauna
### Forest vegetation

Species of trees: English oak (Quercus robur), sessile oak (Quercus petraea), European hornbeam (Carpinus betulus), elm (Ulmus), field maple (Acer campestre), European beech (Fagus sylvatica), linden (Tilia), pine (Pinus);
Species of shrubs: common hawthorn, common privet (Ligustrum vulgare), dog rose (Rosa canina), alder buckthorn (Rhamnus frangula), blackthorn (Prunus spinosa).
Species of grass: great willowherb (Epilobium hirstum), wall lettuce (Lactuca muralis), red campion (Melandium rubrum), autumn crocus (Colchicum autumnale).

### Fauna

Species of mammals: roe deer (Capreolus capreolus), fox (Vulpes vulpes), wild boar (Sus scrofa), squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis);
Species of birds: sparrow (in family Emberizidae), Eurasian jay (Garrulus glandarius), woodpecker (family Picidae), blackbird (Turdus merula), common chaffinch (Fringilla coelebs), turtle dove (Streptopelia turtur), common raven (Corvus corax), common cuckoo (Cuculus canorus).
# Elisabeth Loewe

Elisabeth Loewe (1924, in Breslau – 1996, in Bremen) was a German artist of the Post- Expressionism.

## Life

Born in Breslau to Jewish parents, she contracted Poliomyelitis as a nine-year-old, which resulted in a severe physical disability. It was still possible for her parents to leave Breslau in 1939 for Chile, where the family found a fresh beginning. The German reparation policy (Federal Law of Compensation for victims of national-socialist persecution) granted Elisabeth Loewe a scholarship at the Ruprecht-Karls-University in Heidelberg, where she studied Psychology from 1958.
A Psychoanalysis showed her the path to painting. In 1961 she commenced art studies at the University for Arts in Berlin, with Professors Ernst Schumacher (painter), Peter Jansen, Hans Jaenisch and Rudolf Bednarzcik.
From 1970 she lived in Bremen as a freelance painter.
Her narrative art tries to find a stylistic connection of Latin American folk art and a form of expression in Jewish art of Eastern Europe. She finds her themes mainly in Russian fairy tales and in the Jewish mythology.

## Exhibitions

1964 Haus am Lützowplatz, Berlin 1965 Rathaus Schöneberg, Berlin 1965 Galerie Hamburg 13 1966 Galerie Neupert Zürich 1967 Galerie Hamburg 13 1969 Galerie Vallombreuse, Biarritz 1970 Galerie Mouffe, Paris 1971 Paula Modersohn-Becker Museum, Bremen 1973 Deutsch-Ibero-Amerikanische Gesellschaft, Frankfurt am Main 1975 Kunsthalle Bremen 1983 Neue Worpsweder Galerie Worpswede 1986 and 1987 Galerie Steinbrecher, Bremen 1990 Haus der Bürgerschaft 1995 KulturAmbulanz Galerie im Park, Bremen 1996 Kunstverein Langenhagen 1997 Galerie Steinbrecher und Kunstverein Achim with Dagmar Calais 1998 Kunsthaus Knapstein and townhall Sundern

## Awards

1970 Diplôme d'Honneur Salon International Automne Biarritz.
# The Bendricks

The Bendricks is a stretch of coastline and an important paleontological site in the Vale of Glamorgan in south Wales located along the northern coast of the Bristol Channel between Barry and Sully at 51°23′46″N 3°14′50″W﻿ / ﻿51.396117°N 3.2470861°W﻿ / 51.396117; -3.2470861 . It lies at the foreshore of the industrial port of Barry between the eastern breakwater of the Barry docks entrance on its western edge to Hayes Point on its eastern edge. This area of the coast is a Site of Special Scientific Interest.

## Geology and topography

A tidal promontory of Carboniferous Limestone known as Bendrick Rock (Welsh: Craig Bendrick) juts out from the mainland here. Only the highest part of the promontory at its seaward end normally remains visible at high tide, though the highest spring tides cover it entirely. The geology of the Bendricks consists primarily of mudstones, siltstones and conglomerates (Mercia Mudstone marginal facies) formed primarily by deposition of silt at the shoreline of a shallow muddy sea during the Early and Late epochs of the Triassic period.
The Cadoxton River now enters the Bristol Channel by a concrete channel at this point having been redirected during the construction of Barry Docks by the Barry Railway Company which began in 1884. Inland of the Bendricks are HMS Cambria and the former Sully Hospital

## Dinosaur footprints

The Bendricks is famous for the discovery of 220 million year old dinosaur footprints dating to the Late Triassic (Norian), some of which have been removed to the National Museum and Galleries of Wales in Cardiff. The BBC featured these footprints and the geology of the Bendricks in its TV series about the Natural History of Wales. The footprints were first identified in 1974 and are deposited in the Triassic red beds and were made by the ichnospecies Anchisauripus, a small theropod, Grallator, also a small theropod, and Tetrasauripus, a sauropodomorph.

## Visiting

The Bendricks can be accessed via a path which follows the outside of the security fence round HMS Cambria at Hayes Point, Sully or by following the coastal path in a south-westerly direction from the public slipway at the Vale of Glamorgan recycling centre at Hayes Road, Sully.
The footprints can be difficult to see. Many are covered at high tide so it is easier to see them after high tide when the tracks may retain small puddles of water. It is also easier to spot the footprints when the sun is low in the sky as longer shadows will help throw the footprints into relief.
There is a small residential street known as Bendrick Road, consisting of around 50 houses.
# Bernie Green

Bernard John Green (c. 1959 – 8 September 2009) was a New Zealand rugby league player who represented New Zealand.

## Playing career

Green played in the West Coast Rugby League competition and represented the West Coast.
In 1980 he played for the South Island in the New Zealand Rugby League's inter-district competition. He was then selected for the New Zealand squad that was touring Great Britain and France, becoming Kiwi number 556. He played in 5 games and scored 2 tries on tour, but did not play in any of the test matches.
In 1981 Green played for the South Island against the touring French side.
In 1986 Green was part of the Runanga side that won the West Coast premiership. In 1987 Runanga again won the West Coast title, and Green was part of the West Coast B side that won the South Island second division. Green was Runanga's player-coach in 1989 and again played for the West Coast.

## Later years

A miner, Green died on 8 September 2006 during a rockfall at the Roa mine.
# Los Arquillos

Los Arquillos (Spanish for 'the small arches', Basque: Arkupea) is an 18th-century structure located in Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain. It was architecturally designed to link the old part of the town situated on the higher ground with the new part of the town then under construction on lower ground.
It was declared Bien de Interés Cultural in 1984.
# 3sixteen

3sixteen is a New York City based clothing brand founded in 2008 which focuses on Made in USA denim. Its flagship store is located in Nolita. 3sixteen's owners are Andrew Chen and Johan Lam.

## Collaborations

At its beginning, 3sixteen worked directly with Kuroki Mills in Okayama, Japan to develop a custom 14.5oz selvedge denim, and has continued to source custom woven denim from the mill in the years since.
3sixteen has collaborated with Blackstock & Weber on a rubber crepe sole loafer.