OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# ICIUM

ICIUM Wonderworld of Ice was a winter entertainment park built in Levi, Finland from ice and snow. The first park opened on 18 December 2010, sculptures were also exhibited the following winter. The park showcased both ice sculptures and snow sculptures in an area of about 1 hectare (2.5 acres).

## Construction

ICIUM was built by Chinese ice sculptors from Harbin city, where the annual Harbin International Ice and Snow Sculpture Festival has been held since 1963.
More than 10,000 cubic metres (350,000 cu ft) of snow was used in the construction of the first ICIUM in 2010. The builders also lifted over 600 cubic metres (21,000 cu ft) of ice from the Ounasjoki river to make the sculptures.
Folk artists from Beijing were also in ICIUM to show how to make traditional Chinese folk arts such as straw weaving, snuff bottle painting and dough sculpting.

## Structures in ICIUM

The main attractions in ICIUM season 2010–2011 were:
* Great Wall of China slide. The biggest snow building, the Great Wall slide was 15 metres (49 ft) high and 80 metres (260 ft) long. More than 5,000 cubic metres (180,000 cu ft) of snow went into its construction.
* Helsinki Cathedral. At 15 metres (49 ft) high, the Helsinki Cathedral, along with the Great Wall slide, was the tallest snow buildings in ICIUM.
* Helsinki Central railway station.
* Pagoda. The green pagoda was the tallest ice sculpture in ICIUM, at over 15 metres high.
* Temple of Heaven.
* Beijing National Stadium.
* Terracotta Army. Ice sculptures of terracotta soldiers.
# Constantine Bay

50°31′49″N 5°00′45″W﻿ / ﻿50.53036°N 5.01245°W﻿ / 50.53036; -5.01245
Constantine Bay (Cornish: Eglos Costentin, meaning church of St Constantine) is a village and beach on the Atlantic coast of north Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. It is situated approximately three miles (5 km) west of Padstow and is in the parish of St Merryn. The beach is sandy and is popular with surfers and has lifeguard patrols in the summer. Historically the sand was removed by local farmers by horse and cart to spread on the land to lighten and fertilise the heavy soil.
Constantine Bay is named after Saint Constantine, a 6th-century Cornish saint possibly identified with a minor British king Constantine. St Constantine's Well, an historic site, is accessible by public right of way on Trevose Golf Club's golf course. The area was a favourite holiday location of Margaret Thatcher during her premiership and also of former Prime Minister David Cameron.
Trevose Head and Constantine Bay SSSI is designated for both its biological and geological interests. The dune system at Constantine Bay is in an unfavourable declining condition because of the invasion by species such as bramble, ivy and sea buckthorn; and by visitor pressure causing erosion.
Constantine Bay lies within the Cornwall Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB).
Other coastal villages nearby include Harlyn, Porthcothan, Trevone and Treyarnon
# KK Kalev

Kalev (also known as Tallinn Kalev, Korvpalliklubi Kalev) was a professional basketball club from Tallinn, Estonia. The team played in the Estonian Basketball League and in the Soviet Union Basketball League. Their home arena was Kalev Sports Hall.
Kalev was a professional basketball team representing Estonia in Soviet Union Basketball League until 1992; thereafter Kalev was designed like a national team with the best 12 players from all over Estonia.

## History

Kalev was founded in 1920 with the eponymous sports Estonian society. Kalev became winner of the second to last championship of the USSR Premier Basketball League in 1991 and in 1991–92 season the team became runner-up of the open Commonwealth of Independent States league. After the collapse of the Soviet Union leading players left to play in European basketball clubs. In the season 1993–94 the club almost collapsed, and a year later, in season 1994–95, played in the Estonian Championship already under brand Kalev/Auma. In the 1995–96 season the team is regaining its former name in saw the return of Martin Müürsepp and Margus Metstak, and in the 1996–97 season Tiit Sokk returned from Panathinaikos. In the 1999–98 season for the club signed Rauno Pehka and Gert Kullamäe who returned to the team Sergei Babenko and American players. In the same season Tiit Sokk leaves from Tallinn to play in Greece. In the 1999–2000 season the club won the champion of Estonia. The season 2004–05 became runner-up of the Estonian Cup. The next season the historic Kalev merged into BC Kalev/Cramo.
Kalev is often confused with Estonian team Tallinna/Kalev TLÜ, which has no connections with KK Kalev.

## Honours & achievements

USSR League
* Winners (1): 1990–91
* Runners-up (1): 1991–92
USSR Cup
* Runners-up (1): 1977–78
Estonian League
* Winners (18): 1927, 1930, 1931, 1943, 1944 (winter), 1945, 1946, 1947, 1967, 1968, 1971, 1991–92, 1992–93, 1994–95, 1995–96, 1997–98, 2001–02, 2002–03,
Estonian Cup
* Winners (9): 1946, 1948, 1968, 1969, 1972, 1991–92, 1992–93, 1995–96, 2000-01

## Notable players

Note: Flags indicate national team eligibility at FIBA-sanctioned events. Players may hold other non-FIBA nationalities not displayed.
* Criteria
* To appear in this section a player must have either:
* Set a club record or won an individual award while at the club
* Played at least one official international match for their national team at any time
* Played at least one official NBA match at any time.
* Jaak Salumets
* Heino Enden
* Jaak Lipso
* Tiit Sokk
* Aleksei Tammiste
* Joann Lõssov
* Martin Müürsepp
* Margus Metstak
* Gert Kullamäe
* Aivar Kuusmaa
* Valmo Kriisa
* Rauno Pehka
* Kristjan Kangur
# Graham Shiel

Graham Shiel (born 13 August 1970 in Galashiels, Scotland ) is a formar skills coach of the Scotland rugby 7's team. He is now retired from playing rugby, having made 18 appearances for the Scotland national rugby union team and once for the national sevens team.
Shiel is currently the Head coach of amateur side Boroughmuir RFC, he's was previously the head coach of the Super Series (Scottish rugby union competition) semi-professional team Boroughmuir Bears but as the Series came to an end and discontinued in mid 2024 he is now the Head Coach of the club itself at National 1 level.

## Rugby union Career
### Amateur career

He played with Melrose RFC from 1988 for fifteen years winning five National Championship and five Border League titles with them.
He played for the Australian amateur club Manly in 1992.
He later joined Stewart's Melville.

### Professional career

He played for Border Reivers - and then Edinburgh Rugby where he was captain from 2000 to 2002.

### International career

Shiel's international debut was against Ireland at Murrayfield in October 1991. His last international appearance was against New Zealand at Auckland in July 2000.
He represented Scotland at the Hong Kong Sevens in 1996.
Shiel was also capped by the Barbarians.

### Coaching career

He first took on a coaching role while still a player at Stewart's Melville.
In 2006 he became academy manager at Edinburgh Rugby.
In October 2010 he was named as Scotland’s seven’s coach. In 2012 was moved to sevens skills coach.

## Outside of rugby

He is a qualified stonemason.
# Equitisation

Equitisation (Vietnamese: Cổ phần hóa) is a Vietnamese English term that denotes the conversion of a state-owned enterprise in Vietnam into a public (joint stock) company or a corporation by dividing ownership into shares. Equitisation is undertaken to further integrate the Vietnamese economy into the global market and gain access to foreign capital, and therefore often coincides with partial privatization, with the state retaining major or controlling stakes in the equitized firms.
# Isaak van Brinen

Isaak Abramovich van Brinen (Russian: Исаак Абрамович ван Бринен; 12 August 1768 – 2 December 1848) was a Russian diplomat, and a Privy Councillor starting in 1846. He was also a member of the State Council of the Russian Empire.

## Biography

Isaak van Brinen was part of a Dutch merchant family, members of which had settled in Arkhangelsk at the beginning of the 18th century. He was the son of Abraham van Brinen (1702–1792), who had been general consul of Austria in Arkhangelsk, and Elisabeth Vernezobr.
In 1791 van Brinen joined the Collegium of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Empire. From 1804 he was an adviser to the chancellery, from 1806 he was the secretary of the mission in Copenhagen. In 1815–1816 during the absence of the envoy he worked as a chargé d'affaires of the Russian Empire in Denmark. In 1819 he was appointed Consul General in Stockholm. In 1840 he retired with the rank of Active State Councillor, but remained in Stockholm, where he died.
Van Brinen is buried in the cemetery of Solna, now part of Stockholm.

## Awards

For his service he was awarded the Russian Order of Saint Vladimir in all three classes, as well as the Swedish Order of the Polar Star.
# Frederick Orpen Bower

Frederick Orpen Bower FRSE FRS (4 November 1855 – 11 April 1948) was an English botanist. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1891. He was awarded the Gold Medal of the Linnean Society in 1909 and the Darwin Medal of the Royal Society in 1938. He was president of the British Association in 1929–1930.

## Life

Bower was born in Ripon in Yorkshire the son of Abraham Bower and Cornelia Morris, sister of the eminent botanist, Francis Orpen Morris. He was educated at Repton School in Derbyshire before studying at Trinity College, Cambridge, where he graduated MA in 1877.
In 1880, he acquired a position as assistant lecturer in botany at University College, London under Thomas Huxley. In 1882, he moved to South Kensington as a full Lecturer in botany. During this period he spent time at Kew Gardens studying with Dukinfield Henry Scott. In 1885, he was awarded the chair in botany at the University of Glasgow, and was a professor there until 1925.
Bower never married. When he retired he returned to Ripon, and died there in April 1948.

## Memberships

* Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh (1886)
* Fellow of the Royal Society (1891)
* Fellow of the Royal Society of Belgium
* Fellow of the Academy of Science of Munich
* Fellow of the Royal Danish Society

## Honours and awards

* He was elected president of the Botanical Society of Edinburgh for 1893–95.
* He served as vice president of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 1910 to 1916 and president from 1919 to 1924, receiving the Neill Prize in 1925.

## Publications

* Practical Botany for Beginners (1894)
* The Origin of a Land Flora (1908)
* Plant Life of Land (1911)
* The Ferns 3 vols. (1923–28)
* Plants and Man (1925)
* Size and Form in Plants (1930)
* Primitive Land Plants (1935)
* Sixty Years of Botany in Britain, 1875-1935 (1938)

## Archives

The archives for Frederick Orpen Bower are maintained by the Archives of the University of Glasgow (GUAS).
# Valdemar Wickholm

Valdemar Wickholm (7 November 1890 – 20 July 1970) was a Finnish track and field athlete who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics in the decathlon and the 110 metres hurdles. He finished seventh overall in the decathlon, placing best in the pole vault, where he was joint third. He competed at the next Olympics eight years later, in both the decathlon and 400 metres hurdles.
# Curonian Spit National Park (Lithuania)

Curonian Spit National Park (Lithuanian: Kuršių nerijos nacionalinis parkas) is one of the five national parks in Lithuania. It was established in 1991 to protect the unique ecosystems of the Curonian Spit and Curonian Lagoon.
Curonian Spit National Park is protected by the state, under the Lithuanian law of Protected Areas. Since 1997, it is a member of EUROPARC Federation. The park has Category II in the classification of the IUCN.

## Nagliai nature reserve

Nagliai nature reserve protects the Dead dunes. Dead (Mirusios) or Gray (Pilkosios) dunes are large sand hills built by strong winds, with ravines and erosions. Nagliai nature reserve offers habitat for rare plants, included in the Red Book, four villages and two old cemetery sites that are hiding under the sand. Any human activity is prohibited in the reserve except for scientific observations. The cognitive trail of Nagliai is the only place from which the reserve's objects can explore .
From 1675 to 1854, four Nagliai villages here were covered in sand.
# Kamar-Tash

Kamar-Tash (Tajik: Камартош Kamartosh, also: Kamardasht) is a village in Sughd Region, northern Tajikistan. It is part of the jamoat Sarazm in the city of Panjakent.
# Kongsmo Chapel

Kongsmo Chapel (Norwegian: Kongsmo kapell) is a chapel of the Church of Norway in Høylandet Municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway. It is located in the village of Kongsmoen in the northern part of the municipality. It is an annex chapel for the Høylandet parish which is part of the Namdal prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Nidaros. The white, wooden church was built in a long church style in 1937 using plans drawn up by the architect Simon Fuglstad. The church seats about 110 people.
# Flying Regiment 1, Finnish Air Force

Flying Regiment 1 (Finnish: Lentorykmentti 1 or LeR 1) was a mixed regiment, incorporating both fighter, reconnaissance and communication squadrons, of the Finnish Air Force during World War II. The unit was disbanded in June 1941, but reformed from the Supplement Flying Regiment on May 3, 1942.
After its deactivation it was formed int No. 2 Wing (Finnish: 2. Lennosto).

## Organization
### Winter War

* No. 10 Squadron: dive bomber squadron
* No. 12 Squadron: reconnaissance squadron
* No. 14 Squadron: reconnaissance squadron
* No. 16 Squadron: reconnaissance squadron

### Continuation War

* No. 12 Squadron: reconnaissance squadron
* No. 32 Squadron: fighter squadron

#### Maintenance companies

* 1st Airfield Company (1. Lentokenttäkomppania or 1.Le.KenttäK)
* 2nd Airfield Company (2. Lentokenttäkomppania or 2.Le.KenttäK)
The equipment consisted of some 200-240 aircraft, including Curtiss Hawk 75As, Fokker D.XXIs, Morane-Saulnier MS.406s, Gloster Gladiator IIs, Arado 196s, Curtiss P-40M, LaGG-3, Fokker C.Xs, Westland Lysanders, VL Viima IIs, VL Myrsky IIs, Blackburn Ripon IIFs, and Bristol Blenheim Mk.Is.
# The Art Farmer Quintet Plays the Great Jazz Hits

The Art Farmer Quintet Plays the Great Jazz Hits is an album by Art Farmer's Quintet recorded in 1967 and originally released on the Columbia label.

## Reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
| The Rolling Stone Jazz Record Guide | |
| DownBeat | |
Scott Yanow of Allmusic states, "The quintet's concise interpretations (no performance is over six minutes) are melodic without being overly predictable. As usual Farmer's lyricism by itself is a good reason to search for this underrated album".
Writing in Down Beat, Harvey Siders states "most tracks are played with the same inspiration one might find on a visit to the dentist," adding "that Farmer and Heath could rise above such a dismal format is a tribute to their instinct for swinging."

## Track listing

* "Song for My Father" (Horace Silver) - 4:36
* "'Round Midnight" (Thelonious Monk) - 5:30
* "Sidewinder" (Lee Morgan) - 3:58
* "Moanin'" (Bobby Timmons) - 4:49
* "Watermelon Man" (Herbie Hancock) - 3:55
* "Mercy, Mercy, Mercy" (Joe Zawinul) - 3:13
* "I Remember Clifford" (Benny Golson) - 5:41
* "Take Five" (Paul Desmond) - 3:37
* "Gemini" (Jimmy Heath) - 5:28
* "The 'In' Crowd" (Billy Page) - 4:11
* Recorded in New York City on May 16 (tracks 1–3 & 5), May 23 (tracks 4 & 6), May 25 (tracks 7 & 9) and June 7 (tracks 8 & 10), 1967

## Personnel

* Art Farmer - flugelhorn, trumpet
* Jimmy Heath - tenor saxophone
* Cedar Walton - piano
* Walter Booker - bass
* Mickey Roker - drums
# Abolghasem Wafi Yazdi

Ayatollah Abolghasem Wafi Yazdi (Persian: ابوالقاسم وافی یزدی), born in 1935, in Hoseynabad, Yazd, is a Shia cleric and member of the Assembly of Experts. He was also one of the representatives of the city of Yazd in the first and the second terms of the Islamic Consultative Assembly in Iran.

## Education

At the age of five, Wafi began to learn the Quran and then went to school and later to high school. Afterward, he went to the seminary in Yazd and completed the preliminary courses as well as some courses of "Sath" (meaning level or surface). In 1957, he went to Qom to further his studies at "Sath". Then he went to Qom seminary to study Kharij courses.

## Professors

Abolghasem Wafi met with many different teachers during his academic years including:
* Sheikh Ali Panah Ishtihardi
* Naser Makarem Shirazi
* Hossein Noori Hamedani
* Tabatabai Soltani
* Hussein-Ali Montazeri
* Reza Sadr
* Hossein Kazemeyni Boroujerdi
* Morteza Haeri Yazdi
* Ruhollah Khomeini
* Mostafa Mohaghegh Damad
# Haas (brass instrument makers)

The Haas family was a German family of brass instrument makers. They had a factory in the city of Nuremberg. Johann Wilhelm Haas (baptized 6 Aug 1649, Nuremberg – buried 2 July 1723, Nuremberg) was the first of the family to make brass instruments. Johann was the son of two generations of guards of the city night watch who played trumpet calls as part of their duties. He most likely learned to make instruments from Hanns Hainlein (1598–1671). He achieved the title of master craftsman in 1676 and became the most well known of all the Nuremberg brass makers.
Both Johann Haas's son Wolf Wilhelm Haas (1681–1760) and grandson Ernst Johann Conrad Haas (1723–1792) followed him into the brass instrument making business. Wolf and Ernst Haas both signed their work with Johann Haas's name rather than using their own names. The Haas brass instruments were highly prized throughout Europe, and as a result there are many extant instruments found throughout the continent, including more than 60 trumpets, 7 horns, and 2 trombones. Some of the instruments were made by special commission and are more ornate with silver and gold as their material make-up. Museums which contain instruments made by the Haas family in their collections include the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York, the Bavarian National Museum in Munich, the National Music Museum in South Dakota, the Trompetenmuseum in Säckingen, and the Kunstgewerbemuseum Berlin.
# Immunes

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The immunes were ancient Roman soldiers who possessed specialized skills. They were exempt from the more tedious and dangerous tasks other soldiers were required to do, such as ditch digging and rampart patrol.

## Becoming an immunis

Prior to becoming an immunis, men were required to serve as miles gregarius (also known as munifex), a non-specialist regular soldier. These men were the soldiers that made up the bulk of the legions, liable to perform guard duties, labour work and other less than desired duties. Milites would usually have to serve for several years before becoming eligible for training to become immunes.
Immunis status within the army was achieved either through selection or through promotion. If not possessing the specialist skills that could see a soldier chosen to become an immunis, the legionary who wished to become one would have to undergo a period of specialist training, during which time they would be known as discens. The discens received the same basic pay and board as the non-specialists until he qualified for immunis status.

## Typical duties

Engineers, artillerymen, musicians, drill and weapons instructors, military police, carpenters, hunters and medical staff were among the multiple specialized jobs immunes provided for the Roman army. Immunes also received better pay than the regular troops.

## Citations

* ↑ "Roman Military Glossary". Roman Britain.
* ↑ "The Roman Army". Archived from the original on 2018-06-03. Retrieved 2008-01-10.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
* ↑ "Rank Structure of the Imperial Roman Army". s_van_dorst.tripod.com. Retrieved 2008-01-10.
* ↑ "The Roman Legion". penelope.uchicago.edu.
# Making Enemies Is Good

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| Kerrang! | |
| Metal Rules | |
Making Enemies Is Good is an album by Backyard Babies, released in 2001. The album includes the band's hit songs "The Clash" and "Brand New Hate". Making Enemies Is Good was produced by Thomas Skogsberg, who also contributed a keyboard solo to the song "Colours".

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Backyard Babies, except where noted.

## Personnel
### Backyard Babies

* Nicke Borg – lead vocals, guitar
* Dregen – guitar, backing vocals, lead vocals on "Star War"
* Johan Blomqvist – bass guitar
* Peder Carlsson – drums

## Certifications

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| Sweden (GLF) | Gold | 40,000$^^$ |
| $^^$ Shipments figures based on certification alone. |||
# Milton, Glenurquhart

Milton (Scottish Gaelic: Baile a' Mhuilinn) is a village in Glenurquhart, to the west of the village of Drumnadrochit, in the Highland council area of Scotland. It lies on the north side of the River Enrick, next to the A831 road.

## History

Much of Glenurquhart was part of the Balmacaan Estate (also known as the Glen Urquhart Estate), owned by the Grant family of Seafield between 1509 and 1946. The estate was rented to the wealthy American industrialist and local benefactor Bradley Martin late 19th and early 20th centuries and flourished in the 1880s and 1890s, but went into decline after the 1920s. The estate then changed hands so frequently that the issue was raised in parliament. The best forestry wood had been felled during World War 2 and the estate was dissolved in 1946. Balmacaan House, near Drumnadrochit, was abandoned soon afterwards, set on fire by vandals in the 1960s and demolished in 1972.
In 1946 Bunloit Farm was separated from Balmacaan Estate and Bunloit Estate was formed round it, near the small settlement of Balbeg, on the north west shore of Loch Ness, about 4 miles south of Drumnadrochit.
# Burhan al-Haqq

Burhan al-Haqq or Borhan ol-Haqq ( (Persian:برهان الحق, 'Demonstration of the Truth') is a 1963 (1342 Persian calendar) theological and spiritual work by Nur Ali Elahi dedicated to showing the inner spiritual aims shared by the Quran, Shia Islam and the original teachings and practices of the Ahl-e Haqq order.
In 1964, Dr. Simon Weightman wrote a piece titled "The significance of Kitab Burhan al- Haqq".
Elahi states that he has left "nothing unsaid", in the books he wrote. "Even if you read Burhan al-Haqq a thousand times, you will find something new in it each time. He also states "know that Burhan al-Haqq cannot be abridged. There are many secrets in my book... It is only after me that people will understand what "Burhan Al-haqq" is." He states that "The higher the level of knowledge rises, the better one will comprehend the scope; the more centuries pass, the more their value will increase. I alone know how much research I have done."