OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Ministry for the Environment and Natural Resources (Iceland)

The Ministry for the Environment and Natural Resources (Icelandic: Umhverfis- og auðlindaráðuneytið) is an Icelandic cabinet-level ministry founded on 23 February 1990. It was originally called the Ministry for the Environment but was renamed to its current name on 1 September 2012. The Ministry oversees a wide range of matters as they relate to the environment, including nature conservation, wildlife protection, forest protection and revegitation efforts, environmental impact assessment, land use planning, pollution control and environmental health, fire prevention, meteorology,mapping, including surveying and remote sensing. The current Minister for the Environment and Natural Resources is Guðmundur Ingi Guðbrandsson.

## Departments

The Ministry for the Environment and Natural Resources of Iceland comprises six departments:
* Department of Climate Action (Skrifstofa loftslagsmála)
* Department of Environment and Spatial Planning (Skrifstofa umhverfis og skipulags)
* Department of Finance and Administration (Skrifstofa fjármála og rekstrar)
* Department of Land and Natural Heritage (Skrifstofa landgæða)
* Department of the Permanent Secretary (Skrifstofa ráðuneytisstjóra)
* Department of Policy Coordination and International Affairs (Skrifstofa alþjóðamála og samþættingar)

### Agencies

* Icelandic Meteorological Office (Veðurstofa Íslands)
* Environment Agency of Iceland (Umhverfisstofnun)
* Iceland Construction Authority (Mannvirkjastofnun)
* Icelandic Forest Service (Skógrækt ríkisins)
* Iceland GeoSurvey (Íslenskar orkurannsóknir)
* Icelandic Institute of Natural History (Náttúrufræðistofnun Íslands)
* Icelandic National Planning Agency (Skipulagsstofnun)
* Icelandic Recycling Fund (Úrvinnslusjóður)
* Institute of Freshwater Fisheries (Veiðimálastofnun)
* Myvatn Research Station (Náttúrurannsóknastöðin við Mývatn)
* National Land Survey of Iceland (Landmælingar Íslands)
* State Soil Conservation Service (Landgræðsla ríkisins)
* Stefansson Arctic Institute (Stofnun Vilhjálms Stefánssonar)
* Vatnajökull National Park (Vatnajökulsþjóðgarður)
# Geranium macrorrhizum

Geranium macrorrhizum is a species of hardy flowering herbaceous perennial plant in the genus Geranium, family Geraniaceae. It is native to the South east Alps and the Balkans. Its common names include bigroot geranium, Bulgarian geranium, and rock crane's-bill.
It has five-lobed (palmate) leaves that are aromatic when crushed, with pale pink flowers in summer. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions, where it is used as a flowering groundcover, with named cultivars selected for flower colors from white through pink to magenta. The cultivars 'Ingwersen's Variety' (pale pink) and 'White-ness' have gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.
The plant has been used in traditional herbal medicine. One of the many components of the essential oil is the sesquiterpene ketone germacrone, which has been shown to have in vitro antimicrobial activity against the species Bacillus subtilis. An essential oil from it is also used in aromatherapy. In addition to oils, it contains flavonoids, sesquiterpenes, phenolic acids, pigments, vitamins, and mineral salts.
* White-flowered variety
# Anuy

The Anuy (Russian: река́ Ану́й) is a left tributary of the Ob originating in the Altai Mountains of Siberia, Russia. It is 327 kilometres (203 mi) long, and has a drainage basin of 6,930 square kilometres (2,680 sq mi).
The Chyorny Anuy and the smaller Bely Anuy join to form the Anuy. The Chyorny Anuy starts at an elevation of 1,220 metres (4,000 ft) at the southeastern end of the Anuy mountain range in the Altai Republic. Flowing in a northwestern direction, it enters Altai Krai after about 40 kilometres (25 mi). The two rivers join near Soloneshensky District.
The Anuy exits the Altai mountains at an elevation of 250 metres (820 ft) and flows in a northeastern to eastern direction. Near the village of Anuyskoye, the river takes a northern direction and joins the Ob west of Biysk at an elevation of about 150 metres (490 ft).
The average flow at Staro-Tirishkino, about 10 kilometres (6 mi) near the river's end, is about 36.1 cubic metres per second (1,270 cu ft/s) with a minimum of 6.9 cubic metres per second (240 cu ft/s) in February and a maximum of 123 cubic metres per second (4,300 cu ft/s) in April.
The Anuy is frozen between November and April. It is not navigable.
The Denisova Cave is approximately 28 metres (92 ft) above the right bank of the Anuy.
# Cutthroat eel

Cutthroat eels are a family, Synaphobranchidae, of eels, the only members of the suborder Synaphobranchoidei. They are found worldwide in temperate and tropical seas.
Cutthroat eels range from 23 to 160 cm (9.1 to 63.0 in) in length. They are bottom-dwelling fish, found in deep waters down to about 3,700 m (12,100 ft). They are distinguished by the presence of telescopic eyes in the larvae. In some classifications (for example, ITIS), this family is split, with Simenchelys in its own family, the Simenchelyidae.

## Subfamilies and genera

Cutthroat eels are classified into the following subfamilies and genera:
* Subfamily Simenchelyinae Gill, 1879 (pugnose parasitic eels)
** Simenchelys Gill, 1879
* Subfamily Ilyophinae D. S. Jordan & Davis, 1891 (arrowtooth eels or mustard eels)
** Atractodenchelys C.H. Robins & C. R. Robins, 1970
** Dysomma Alcock, 1889
** Dysommina Ginsburg, 1951
** Ilyophis Gilbert, 1891
** Linkenchelys D. G. Smith, 1989
** Meadia Böhlke, 1951
** Thermobiotes Geistdoerfer, 1991
* Subfamily Synaphobranchinae J. Y. Johnson, 1862 (cutthroat eels)
** Diastobranchus Barnard, 1923
** Haptenchelys C. H. Robins & D. M. Martin, 1976
** Histiobranchus Gill, 1883
** Synaphobranchus J. Y. Johnson, 1862
# Rory Hughes

Rory Hughes (born 4 March 1993) is a Scottish rugby union player who recently played for Glasgow Warriors at the Wing or Full-back positions.

## Rugby union career
### Amateur career

Hughes was born in Glasgow and was raised in the Castlemilk district; he attended a school with no rugby programme. From the age of 6 he played for GHA, before joining Stirling County and the Scottish Rugby Elite Development system in 2011, aged 18. He was assigned to Glasgow Warriors, joining the professional squad in 2013. He has since spent time back with Stirling County when released to play for them by the Warriors.
Hughes was assigned to Ayr in the Pro draft for the Scottish Premiership sides from Glasgow Warriors for the 2017-18 season.

### Professional career

On 11 December 2015, Hughes was loaned out to London Scottish to get game time before the Six Nations tournament. Hughes scored five tries in four appearances for Scottish before returning to Glasgow Warriors in time for the Ospreys game on 31 January 2016.
Hughes scored his first competitive try for Glasgow Warriors in the match against the Ospreys.
He made his debut for the Ayrshire Bulls in the Super 6 on 16 November 2019. He scored 2 tries.
On 2 January 2020 Hughes went on loan to Leicester Tigers.

### International career

Hughes was selected as part of Scotland head coach Vern Cotter's 2015 Rugby Union World Cup training squad of 46 players.
He made his international début for Scotland against Italy in Turin, Italy on 22 August 2015.
# Bigor Dolenci

Bigor Dolenci (Macedonian: Бигор Доленци) is a village in the municipality of Kičevo, North Macedonia. It used to be part of the former Vraneštica Municipality.

## Demographics

According to the 2002 census, the village had a total of 156 inhabitants. Ethnic groups in the village include:
* Macedonians 156
# Tegirmech

Tegirmech (Kyrgyz: Тегирмеч, romanized: Tegirmech, previously known as Valakish) is a village in the Kadamjay District of Batken Region of Kyrgyzstan. The population amounted to 2,948 in 2021.
# Philip Petty

Philip Petty (May 15, 1840 – December 22, 1917) was a British American soldier who fought in the American Civil War. Petty received the Medal of Honor for his action in the Battle of Fredericksburg on December 13, 1862.

## Biography

Petty was born in Tingewick, England, on May 15, 1840. He moved to Pennsylvania and enlisted in the Union Army's 136th Pennsylvania Infantry Volunteers as a musician in August 1862. Shortly after enlisting, Petty took the position of a private in the infantry and joined a Company of his regiment. He received the Medal of Honor on August 21, 1893, for carrying the company's colors after the color bearer was wounded. Prior to the 20th century, colors were used to signal the movement of a military unit.
During the Battle of Fredericksburg, Petty and his regiment were slowly advancing through tall grass when they were caught up in enemy fire. The color bearer was wounded and dropped the colors, so Petty's commanding officer, a colonel, requested volunteers to carry the colors. Petty heeded the request by picking up the colors and continuing to advance with his fellow soldiers. An enemy counterattack pushed his regiment back and forced it to retreat. At one point during the retreat, Petty planted the colors and fired shots back at the enemy line. His commanding officer later told the regiment of what Petty did and he was given cheers and a promotion to color sergeant.
Petty raised horses in Daggett, Pennsylvania. He was awarded the Medal of Honor on August 21, 1893. Petty died on December 22, 1917.

## Medal of Honor citation

   Citation: Took up the colors as they fell out of the hands of the wounded color bearer and carried them forward in the charge.
# Kirill Biryukov

Kirill Igorevich Biryukov (Russian: Кирилл Игоревич Бирюков; born 30 October 1992) is a Russian former football midfielder.

## Club career

He made his debut in the Russian Second Division for FC Istra on 22 April 2012 in a game against FC Znamya Truda Orekhovo-Zuyevo.
He made his Russian Football National League debut for FC SKA-Khabarovsk on 17 July 2018 in a game against FC Armavir.
# Girlshop

Girlshop Inc. was the pioneering fashion e-commerce company behind girlshop.com, the first website for indie-designer, trend making style. Girlshop.com was launched in 1998 by graphic designer turned entrepreneur Laura Eisman (previously Creative Director of iVillage).

## Background

Eisman opened Girlshop in June 1998 with $10,000 of her own money. A month later The New York Times issued the company's first write up. What followed was an influx of traffic to the site. To handle the sudden success, Eisman teamed up with her then boyfriend Todd Richter who designed a database system, solidifying Girlshop as an indie fashion retail staple in NYC.
At its peak, Girlshop Inc. was receiving more than half a million visitors per month and shipping **orders per month, resulting in a 5 million dollar business. In 2005, Girlshop Inc. announced the opening of a physical store front in the Meatpacking District.
Girlshop was featured in the romance novel A Match Made on Madison by Dee Davis.
Girlshop published a book, The Girlshop Guide to NYC Shopping, in collaboration with their fashion rival Shecky's.
Girlshop's founder, Laura Eisman, has been featured and quoted in The Wall Street Journal, Forbes, Entrepreneur, Bloomberg, Fox News, NY Daily News, USA Today, Advertising Age, Adweek, National Real Estate Investor, Gift Shop, and Fashion Incubator, among others.
Due to increased competition and big-scale fashion retailers entering the e-commerce space, Girlshop's storefront closed its physical and virtual doors in 2007.
# Valentin Kurbatov

Valentin Yakovlevich Kurbatov (Russian: Валенти́н Я́ковлевич Курба́тов) (29 September 1939 – 6 March 2021) was a Russian literary critic, prose writer, jury member of the Yasnaya Polyana Literary Award, member of the Writers' Union of Russia. He was also member of the Public Chamber of Russia from 2010 to 2014 and member of the Presidential Council for Culture. He was holder of the Medal of Pushkin, Order of Friendship and laureate of the State Prize of the Russian Federation (2020) in the field of literature.

## Biography

He was born in the village of Salavan, Kuybyshev Oblast (now Novocheremshansk, Ulyanovsk Oblast) in a family of travel workers. At the beginning of the war, his father was drafted into the labor army in the Urals, and the mother, left alone, became a trackman on the railway. After the war, the family moved to Chusovoy in Perm Krai. After leaving school in 1957, Kurbatov worked as a carpenter at a production plant. In 1959 he was called up to serve in the Soviet Navy. During his naval service in the Russian North he was a radiotelegraph operator, typographer, librarian of the ship's library.
In 1962 he came to Pskov, where he still lived. He worked as a loader at a hosiery factory, then as a proofreader for the regional newspaper "Leninskaya Iskra", a literary employee of the newspaper "Young Leninets". He entered the Faculty of Film Studies at Gerasimov Institute of Cinematography, from which he graduated with honors in 1972. From that time on, he began writing reviews and articles, conducting literary activities and participating in literary events.
In 1978 he was admitted to the Writers' Union. He was a member of the Academy of Russian Literature (Russian: Академия российской словесности) since 1997 and Secretary of the Writers' Union of Russia (1994-1999), member of its board. From 2005 to 2016 he served as member of the Board of the Pskov regional branch of the union. He was a member of the editorial boards of the magazines "Literary Study", "Day and Night", "Russian Province", "Roman-Gazeta", the editorial board of the "Roman-Newspaper XXI Century" magazine, the public council of the "Moscow" magazine.
He was a jury member of the Apollona Grigorieva, Grand Jury of the National Bestseller Award (2001, 2002) as well as a jury member of the Yasnaya Polyana Literary Award.
In March 2014, he signed an appeal by cultural figures of the Russian Federation in support of the policy of the President of Russia, Vladimir Putin in connection with the annexation of Crimea by Russia.
# Ejaz Yousaf

Chaudhry Ejaz Yousaf (born 7 January 1952) is a Pakistani retired judge and lawyer who served as the 10th chief justice of the Federal Shariat Court from 9 May 2003 to 8 May 2006.

## Biography

Yousaf was born in Quetta, Pakistan. He did his early schooling Municipal High School Depalpur, Government High School, Mianwali and Central Model School, Lahore. He obtained his matriculation from Punjab Board of School Education (PBSC) and intermediate from the Government Islamia Science College, Karachi. He graduated from the University of Balochistan and obtained Bachelor of Laws and master's in Economics from the same university in 1974.
He became advocate of the Balochistan Bar Council and the Sindh Bar Council on 31 May 1976. He became advocate of the Supreme Court of Pakistan on 12 August 1978 and 15 June 1991. Yousaf was appointed as honorary lecturer in the University Law College Quetta from 1983 to 1992.
From 1985 to 1992, he was appointed as a legal advisor to the Quetta Development Authority, and Balochistan Water and Sanitation Authority from 1986 to 1992 and United Bank Limited legal advisor from 2 January 1985 to 1992. He was later appointed as advocate of panel for the National Bank of Pakistan from 1984 to 1992, the National Development Finance Corporation and Regional Development Finance Corporation from 1985 to 1992. He has been an advocate for Water & Power Development Authority from 1985 to 1992.
Yousaf was appointed as special law officer by the Ministry of Law, Justice & Parliamentary Affairs in 1992. He has been a special prosecutor for the Ministry of Narcotics Control and the Anti-Narcotics Force for Balochistan Province in 1990.
Chief justice the Balochistan High Court offered him district and session judge post but he declined to work on that post, however he worked as an advocate general for Balochistan on 27 August 1992 until he was granted the status of minister on 13 November 1996. He was the first additional advocate general to be appointed for Balochistan. His father Chaudhry Muhammad Yousaf was also the first assistant advocate general for the same province. Yousaf has been a chairperson of the Balochistan Bar Council until he was elevated as the Federal Shariat Court judge on 19 February 1997.
On 14 January 2003, he was appointed as acting chief justice of the Federal Shariat Court and was eventually elevated as chief justice of the same court on 9 May 2003 until he retired from his legal profession on 8 May 2006.
# Trà Khúc River

Trà Khúc River (Vietnamese: Sông Trà Khúc) is a river in Vietnam. It is the largest river in Quảng Ngãi Province.
It flows through the following places:
* Sơn Tây District
* Sơn Hà District
* Tư Nghĩa District
* Sơn Tịnh District
* Quảng Ngãi City
Much of it can be used as an inland waterway, extending inland far beyond Quảng Ngãi City into Sơn Hà District.
There is a hydroelectric station on the Trà Khúc River in the center of Quảng Ngãi Province. It is located near the border of Sơn Hà District with Tư Nghĩa District and Sơn Tịnh District.
# Uigshader

Uigshader (from Old Norse Vík-sœtr 'dwelling at the riverbend', Scottish Gaelic: Ùigseadar) is a settlement on the Isle of Skye in Scotland.
The settlement is 2 miles (3 kilometres) south of Carbost and 4 miles (6 kilometres) northwest of Portree. The River Snizort flows north to the west of this settlement.
The hamlet of Peiness is located less than 1⁄2 mile (800 metres) from Uigshader.
# Christian Peace Conference

The Christian Peace Conference (Czech: Křesťanská mírová konference) was an international organization based in Prague and founded in 1958 by Josef Hromádka, a pastor who had spent the war years in the United States, moving back to Czechoslovakia when the war ended and Heinrich Vogel, an evangelical theologian. Hromádka was a member of the Bureau of the World Peace Council. He was not a Marxist, but the Christian Peace Conference often endorsed positions taken by Eastern bloc governments. It has been alleged to have received $210,000 from Soviet sources.
# Mikhail Tsapenko

Mikhail Petrovich Tsapenko (Russian: Михаил Петрович Цапенко; 1919–2008) was a Soviet and Russian scientist, doctor of technical sciences, professor (1988), Honored Worker of Science and Technology of the RSFSR, measuring equipment specialist.

## Biography

Tsapenko was born on January 12, 1919. In 1941 he graduated as an electrical engineer from the Tomsk Industrial Institute. In 1941–1946, he served in the Red Army.
In 1946–1950, the scientist took a number of engineering positions at the Siberian Scientific Research Institute Of Aviation (SibNIA), and then was the head of laboratory (1950–1959) in this organization. From 1959 to 1968, he was deputy director of the Institute of Automation and Electrometry.
In 1968–1988, he headed the department at the Novosibirsk Electrotechnical Institute.
He died in 2008. In the last period of his life, Tsapenko worked as a scientific consultant at the Tecnological Design Institute of Scientific Instrument Engineering.

## Scientific activity

At the SibNIA, Tsapenko organized the research area for the study of circuits and the creation of measuring instruments for strength testing of aviation equipment.

## Awards

He was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labour, the Order of the Badge of Honour and medals.
# Nil Popov

Nil Alexandrovich Popov (Russian: Нил Александрович Попов, 9 April 1844 – 3 January 1892) was a Russian historian, slavist, philologist and archivist, a major authority on the history of West Slavs. A professor at Moscow University (where he was the head of the History and Philology faculty in 1873-1885 and was awarded the title of the Meritorious professor in 1882), and a corresponding member of the Saint Petersburg Academy of Sciences (1883, onwards), Popov published numerous acclaimed works on the history of Serbia, Bulgaria, and Poland. His doctorate study, "Russia and Serbia. 1806-1856" earned him the Uvarov Prize. In 1864 Popov became the head of the Moscow Slavic Committee (which later changed its name to the Slavic Charity Organization). He was also the head of the Archive Committee of the Ministry of Justice and the chairman of the ethnography department at the Society of Devotees of Natural Science, Anthropology, and Ethnography. Professor Vasily Klyuchevsky described Popov as "one of the last major figures from the Golden age of Moscow University."
# Ketmen-Töbö

Ketmen-Töbö (Kyrgyz: Кетмен-Төбө) is an urban-type settlement in Jalal-Abad Region of Kyrgyzstan. It is reported that the settlement was established as Alekseevka on own authority of political suspects from Krasnoyarsk of the Russian Empire in 1905. It was recognized by the authorities only in 5-6 years, and the permit to settle was granted. In 1912-1914 the settlement amounted to 124 households. Administratively, it is part of the city of Kara-Köl. Its population was 2,080 in 2021.
# Mompach

Mompach (Luxembourgish: Mompech) is a village in the commune of Rosport-Mompach in eastern Luxembourg. It is part of the canton of Echternach, which is part of the district of Grevenmacher.
Until 31 December 2017, it was a commune. On 1 January 2018, the commune was merged with Rosport to form the new commune of Rosport-Mompach.

## Former commune

The former commune consisted of the villages:
* Born
* Givenich
* Herborn
* Moersdorf
* Mompach
* Boursdorf (lieu-dit)
* Lilien (lieu-dit)
# Dubyonki, Republic of Mordovia

Dubyonki (Russian: Дубёнки; Erzya: Дубинька, Dubińka) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative center of Dubyonsky District of the Republic of Mordovia, Russia. Population: 3,325 (2010 Census); 3,581 (2002 Census); 3,837 (1989 Soviet census).
# Telegin

Telegin (Russian: Телегин, from telega, a type of horse-drawn vehicle) is a Russian masculine surname; its feminine counterpart is Telegina. It may refer to:
* Angelina Telegina (born 1992), Russian ice dancer
* Dmitri Telegin (born 1992), Russian football player
* Ilya Telegin (born 1981), Uzbekistani football player
* Ivan Telegin (born 1992), Russian ice hockey player
* Konstantin Telegin (1899–1981), Soviet general
* Sergei Telegin (born 2000), Russian ice hockey player
# Arrowsmith River

The Arrowsmith River lies within the Mid West region of Western Australia.
The explorer George Grey found the river on 11 April 1839, on his second expedition along the west coast. He named it after the distinguished English cartographer John Arrowsmith.
The river commences just south of Arrino and north-west of Three Springs near the Midlands Road and flows in a westerly direction for a length of 85 kilometres (53 mi) to the coast and terminates in Arrowsmith Lake, 9 kilometres (6 mi) inland from Cliff Head.
The river drops a total of 219 metres (719 ft) in elevation over the course of its length.
Flooding in surrounding areas occurred in 1932 following a torrential downpour that caused the river and surrounding creeks to rise and flood a few hours later.
The salinity levels in the river are often higher than 1000 mg/L due to brackish run-off water, but the potential bore yields of the catchment are quite high.
# Jehud

Jehud, also pronounced Yehud, was a city in ancient Israel that is mentioned in the Hebrew Bible.
It was located in the district of the Tribe of Dan. It is commonly believed to have been located at the same place as the modern El Yehudiye or Yehud, about 13 km east of Jaffa. Some suggest that the place instead could have been located close to Yazur/Azor, southeast of Jaffa. This is believed to have been the place that is called Azuru by the Assyrian king Sennacherib.
# Shardara District

Shardara (Kazakh: Шардара ауданы, Şardara audany) is a district of Turkistan Region in southern Kazakhstan. The administrative center of the district is the town of Shardara. Population: 78,554 (2013 estimate); 74,997 (2009 Census results); 64,324 (1999 Census results).