OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Taddesse Tamrat

Taddesse Tamrat (Amharic: ታደሰ ታምራት; 4 August 1935 – 23 May 2013) was an Ethiopian historian and scholar of Ethiopian studies. He is best known as the author of Church and State in Ethiopia 1270–1520 (1972, Oxford University Press ISBN 0198216718), a book which has dominated the field of Ethiopian studies.

## Biography

Taddesse Tamrat was born in Addis Ababa from a family belonged to Ethiopian Orthodox Church clerks. He received an education through the traditional system of the Ethiopian Orthodox Church, where he was ordained as a deacon. As a young man he studied at Holy Trinity Cathedral in Addis Ababa, but his father insisted that he study at a more traditional church school to properly learn the Ge’ez language. He returned to Addis Ababa and graduated from Haile Selassie I University with a Bachelor of Arts at History in 1962. Following that, he received a scholarship to the School of Oriental and African Studies in London where he earned his doctorate in history. As a student there, he presented a seminar paper of some notes on the fifteenth century Stefanite heresy in the Ethiopian Church, which on the advice of his mentors Roland Oliver and Edward Ullendorf was submitted to and published in Rassegna di Studi Etiopici, his first article published outside of Ethiopia. It demonstrated his rich grounding in traditional Ethiopian Orthodox sources and his interaction with the broader academic world.
He taught history at Haile Selassie I University, which became Addis Ababa University after the 1974 revolution. He became the director of the Institute of Ethiopian Studies at the university and was active in the organizing the meetings of the International Conference of Ethiopian Studies.
He received the Medal of Honor at the Colège de France and was named an Honorary Fellow at the School of Oriental and African Studies. The Manuscript Department of the Institute of Ethiopian Studies was named in his honor. He and his wife of 45 years, Almaz, had a marriage that was admired by others.
During the later years, Taddesse was treating his illness in hospital at Chicago. His wife of 45 years died in July 2012. He died on 23 May 2013, and survived by his three daughters.
# MV Morning Glory

MV Morning Glory, formerly Gulf Glory, Bandar Ayu, and Pergiwati, is a 1993-built crude oil tanker. Considered a stateless vessel with stolen cargo, the tanker was seized by United States Special Operations Forces southeast of Cyprus in the eastern Mediterranean on March 16, 2014. The intervention occurred upon the request of the Libyan and Cypriot governments.
As Gulf Glory the vessel had previously sailed under Liberian registry. In 2011, the Morning Glory was repaired at the CIC Changxing Shipyard, China.

## March 2014 event

Apparently, the tanker had been ordered to Libyan waters off the port of Sidra, Libya where it was seized by rebel gunmen. Flying the flag of North Korea the vessel then entered the port of Sidra in early March 2014. North Korea, however, disavowed the ship once it learned that it was under rebel control. Sidra is under the control of an eastern Libyan militia group that under the leadership of Ibrahim Jathran defies the central government and aims for greater autonomy. At Sidra, the tanker was loaded with 234,000 barrels of state-owned crude oil that had been seized by the rebels.
The Libyan government intended to prevent the ship from leaving the port on March 11 but failed to establish an effective blockade. As a result, the Ali Zeidan government collapsed. Fearing for his safety Zeidan then fled the country. The rebels had planned to sell the oil bypassing the Libyan government, however, the intervention on sea blocked this attempt. The oil tanker was seized by a U.S. Navy SEAL team and U.S. SWCC from the USS Roosevelt on March 16, 2014, without bloodshed. The vessel was brought to the port of Zawiya, Libya and handed over to Libyan authorities on March 22, 2014, after being escorted by USS Elrod.
# Cleddon Bog

Cleddon Bog (Welsh: Cors Cledan; grid reference SO509039) is a bog in the vice-county of Monmouthshire which has been notified as a biological Site of Special Scientific Interest. It lies within the Wye Valley Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty. It was declared a Local Nature Reserve in May 1970.
The bramble Rubus trelleckensis, which is endemic to Monmouthshire, is present at the site. Other plant species present include cranberry (Vaccinium oxycoccos), bog asphodel (Narthecium ossifragum), round-leaved sundew (Drosera rotundifolia), bottle sedge (Carex rostrata) and heath spotted orchid (Dactylorhiza maculata).
The site is one of the best sites for recording butterflies and moths in eastern Wales. The site's interfaces between boggy heathland and woodland, with patches of bilberry and heather grow under an open canopy of rowan and other deciduous trees, means that it is home to a variety of important lepidoptera species for Wales such as the Bilberry Pug and welsh wave moths. Cleddon Bog is important not because it has so many national rarities, the only one UK Biodiversity Action Plan Priority species present is the White-line Snout, although three Species of Conservation Concern have also been recorded, but in its diversity of species, for some of which it represents the sole Gwent site. A total of 57 nationally notable or local species of butterfly and moth have been recorded on site. Among the 18 species of butterflies which have been recorded the silver-washed fritillary was always uncommon, however the small pearl-bordered fritillary, which was common has gone unrecorded since 1987. This follows the pattern of this species decline across eastern Gwent. The green hairstreak also appear to have been extirpated from the site. The heathland moths have also declined, with some species not being recorded in recent years.
An increase in the density of the grass growing and of tree cover threatened to dry Cleddon Bog out, and between 2009 and 2012 management was carried out by the Environment Agency and the Countryside Council for Wales to restore the bog and to create new wet habitats for the bog's flora and fauna.
# Partow-e Sokhan

Partow-e Sokhan (Persian: پرتو سخن, lit. 'Radiation of Speech') is a Persian language weekly newspaper published by the Imam Khomeini Educational Research Institute in Qom.
# Cirricaecula macdowelli

Cirricaecula macdowelli is an eel in the family Ophichthidae (worm/snake eels). It was described by John E. McCosker and John Ernest Randall in 1993. It is a subtropical, marine eel which is known from Taiwan, in the northwestern Pacific Ocean. Males can reach a maximum total length of 22.8 centimetres.

## Etymology

The fish is named in honor of Michael McDowell, an Australian tour operator, who has taken the describers to remote outposts in search of rare specimens.
# Heshmat Sanjari

Heshmat Sanjari, also transcribed as Sandjari (Persian: حشمت سنجری, April 1, 1917 – January 4, 1995) was a well-known Persian (Iranian) conductor and composer, the son of Hossein Sanjari who was well-known player on tar in Persia.

## Education

Heshmat Sanjari studied violin at the Tehran Conservatory of Music under Serge Khotsief and Conducting at the Vienna Music Academy as a pupil of Hans Swarowsky. Claudio Abbado and Zubin Mehta studied in the same class under Swarowsky.
Maestro Sanjari also studied Persian Classical music under Ali-Naqi Vaziri.

## Conducting career

After studying violin at the conservatory, Sanjari was the conductor of Tehran Conservatory Students Orchestra and the director of the Conservatory for a short time in 1951. From 1960 until 1971 he was the permanent conductor of the Tehran Symphony Orchestra, the longest in the history of orchestra. During this time, many notable musicians such as Yehudi Menuhin and Isaac Stern played with the orchestra, with him as the conductor.
As a guest conductor he conducted the National Iranian Radio and Television Chamber Orchestra and several European orchestras.

## Compositions

He composed the works Persian Pictures [تابلوهای ایرانی] (in 5 movements) and Niayesh (Praise) for choir and orchestra. The former is regarded by some as a masterpiece of contemporary Persian symphonic music. Both works have been recorded by Manuchehr Sahbai in Bulgaria with Plovdiv Philharmonic Orchestra.

## Later career

After the 1979 Iranian revolution, the new government looked at music as a promotion of western culture, against Islamic values, so Sanjari and orchestra played only a few concerts in 10 years after revolution.
The pressures of this new situation caused him to become depressed in 1989 and after 5 years he fell ill and died on January 4, 1995.
# Nobles of the Church (Kingdom of Hungary)

The "nobles of the Church" (Hungarian: egyházi nemesek, prediális nemesek; Latin: nobilis ecclesiæ, prædiales) were a group of privileged people in the Kingdom of Hungary who possessed lands on the domains of wealthier prelates and were obliged to provide military and other services to their lords.
The first references to peoples who lived on the domains of some prelates of the Kingdom of Hungary and served as horsemen in the prelates' retinue were documented already in the 11th century. By the 13th century, the retinue of several prelates consisted mainly or partly of people who were obliged to provide military service to them in exchange for the possessions they had been granted.
In the beginning, most of the soldiers in the prelates' retinues were serfs who served their lords not only as horsemen but who were employed also in their household. Several freemen joined voluntarily to the prelates' army and offered their possessions to them in order to enjoy the protection of the Church. In the first decades of the 13th century, the kings of Hungary granted the higher legal status of "horsmen serf" (Hungarian: lovasjobbágy, Latin: iobagio equites) to people serving in the household of the prelates or authorized royal servants to join to the prelates' household. From 1250, the prelates themselves received their serfs into their retinue and thus granted them a higher status in their household.
In the 11-15th century, the "nobles of the Church" not only provided military services to their lords, but they were obliged to provide some other services (e.g., they had to deliver stone, wine or reed to the prelates' household). The "nobles of the Church" endeavoured to acquire all the liberties of the "true nobles of the realm", but the prelates, supported by the kings, managed to reserve their authority over them. Nevertheless, the "nobles of the Church" became exempted from taxes payable to the kings in 1439 and they received exemption also from the tithe in 1500. In 1567, the Diet declared that the size of their weregeld and the value of their oath equaled to those of the "true nobles of the realm".

## Sources

* Bónis, György: Hűbériség és rendiség a középkori magyar jogban (Vassalage and Feudality in the Medieval Hungarian Law); Osiris Kiadó, 2003, Budapest; ISBN 963-389-426-3.
* Kristó, Gyula (editor): Korai Magyar Történeti Lexikon - 9-14. század (Encyclopedia of the Early Hungarian History - 9-14th centuries); Akadémiai Kiadó, 1994, Budapest; ISBN 963-05-6722-9.
# Nansel Selbol

Nansel Selbol (born 31 May 1997) is a Nigerian footballer who plays for BSK Bijelo Brdo.

## Career

After spending time in Nigeria with locals sides Pawas Soccer Academy, Plateau United and C.O.D. United FC, Selbol was given the chance to join the academy team of Sporting Kansas City. After a successful season with the academy, scoring 10 goals in 10 games, Selbol joined Kansas City's United Soccer League affiliate Swope Park Rangers on 6 January 2016. He scored his first goal for the Swope Park Rangers with the game-winner against Tulsa Roughnecks FC on April 2, 2016.
In May 2020, Selbol joined Druga HNL side BSK Bijelo Brdo.
# Morenci branch

The Morenci branch or Fayette branch was a railway line in the states of Michigan and Ohio. It ran 25.21 miles (40.57 km) from Grosvenor, near Blissfield, Michigan, to Fayette, Ohio. It was built by the Chicago and Canada Southern Railway in 1872 as part of abortive attempt to construct a new through route between Southern Ontario and Chicago. The branch became part of the Lake Shore and Michigan Southern Railway system, and from there passed on to the New York Central Railroad and Penn Central. Following the Penn Central's bankruptcy, the state of Michigan acquired the line and abandoned it in 1991.

## History

The Canada Southern Railway incorporated the Chicago and Canada Southern Railway in 1871 to build west from the Detroit River toward Chicago. Construction began in 1872. On July 4, 1872, the line was opened between the Lake Shore and Michigan Southern Railway's (LS&MS) main line at "Grosvenor" (near Blissfield, Michigan) and Fayette, Ohio. It was completed between Grosvenor and Grosse Ile on November 13, 1873. Plans to build further west from Fayette were never realized.
The LS&MS leased the Chicago and Canada Southern Railway in November 1879 and reorganized it as the Detroit and Chicago Railroad on September 25, 1888. The line north of Grosvenor was redundant and abandonments and sales followed. By 1897, the line between Grosvenor and Fayette was the only portion of the Chicago and Canada Southern Railway that remained under LS&MS control. The LS&MS was one of a dozen companies consolidated in 1914 to create the modern New York Central Railroad. The New York Central abandoned the western 6.6 miles (10.6 km) between Fayette and Morenci, Michigan, in 1941.
Penn Central, successor to the New York Central Railroad, entered bankruptcy in 1970. Ownership of the line remained with the reorganized Penn Central estate. The final system plan of the United States Railway Association classified the line as "light density" and it was not conveyed to Conrail. Conrail operated the line under subsidy. The Lenawee County Railroad succeeded Conrail as the designated operator of the line on April 1, 1978. Penn Central abandoned the line between Grosvenor and Weston, Michigan, in 1982. Access to the branch was via the Detroit, Toledo and Ironton Railroad's Tecumseh branch, which connected at "Bimo", west of Weston. The state of Michigan acquired the remainder of the branch on February 15, 1984. The Lenawee County Railroad ceased operations on September 30, 1990. The state abandoned the branch in 1991.
# Ganjabad-e Pain

Ganjabad-e Pain (Persian: گنج ابادپائين) may refer to:
* Ganjabad-e Pain, East Azerbaijan
* Ganjabad-e Pain, Anbarabad, Kerman Province
* Ganjabad-e Pain, Qaleh Ganj, Kerman Province
# World Institute of Kimchi

The World Institute of Kimchi (WiKim; Korean: 세계김치연구소) is an affiliate institution of Korea Food Research Institute [ko] established in 2010 that specializes in research and development related to kimchi. The institute is located at 86 Gimchi-ro, Nam District, Gwangju.

## History

On July 15, 2009, the location of the institute was selected in Imam-dong, Nam District, Gwangju. On September 17, 2009, The World Institute of Kimchi was formed within the Ministry of Food, Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries. On December 23, 2009, The 132nd regular board meeting of the Industrial Technology Research Association approved the establishment of the World Kimchi Research Center affiliated with the Korea Food Research Institute. On January 1, 2010, The World Kimchi Research Institute was established and registered. On March 10, 2010, the opening ceremony of the World Kimchi Research Institute was held in the main auditorium of the Korea Food Research Institute.
On October 31, 2012, the institute's office building was moved to its current location. On March 23, 2013, The Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning changed the department in charge. Park Wan-soo who previously served as the acting-chairman was appointed the chairman of the World Institute of Kimchi. On July 26, 2017, the jurisdiction was placed under the Ministry of Science and ICT.

## Research field

Microbial functional research, new process fermentation research, cultural convergence research, industrial technology development, hygiene safety, and analysis research.

## Subdivisions

* R&D Headquarters
* Microbial Functional Research Center
* New Process Fermentation Research Center
* Cultural Convergence Research Center
* Industrial Technology Research Center
* Hygiene Safety Analysis Center
* Strategic Planning Division
* Planning and Budget Office
* Future Strategy Office
* Small and Medium Business Support Office
* Management Support Department
* HR and Finance Team
* Purchasing Computing Team
* Safety Facility Management Team
# Anchorage Assembly

The Anchorage Assembly is the governing body of Anchorage, Alaska. The Assembly has twelve members elected to three-year terms from six districts. It is responsible for creating and approving the city's annual budget, appropriating municipal funding, and managing elections. Seats in the Assembly are officially nonpartisan.

## Current composition

All 12 members are elected from geographic districts. All districts elect two members from designated area.
| District | Areas Represented | Members | First Elected | Term Expires |
| 1 | North Anchorage | Christopher Constant | 2017 | 2026 |
| 1 | North Anchorage | Daniel Volland | 2022 | 2025 |
| 2 | Eagle River/Chugiak | Kevin Cross | 2022 | 2025 |
| 2 | Eagle River/Chugiak | Scott Myers | 2023 | 2026 |
| 3 | West Anchorage | Kameron Perez-Verdia | 2019 | 2025 |
| 3 | West Anchorage | Anna Brawley | 2023 | 2026 |
| 4 | Midtown | Felix Rivera | 2017 | 2026 |
| 4 | Midtown | Meg Zaletel | 2019 | 2025 |
| 5 | East Anchorage | George Martinez | 2023 | 2026 |
| 5 | East Anchorage | Karen Bronga | 2023 | 2025 |
| 6 | South Anchorage/Girdwood | Zac Johnson | 2023 | 2026 |
| 6 | South Anchorage/Girdwood | Randy Sulte | 2022 | 2025 |
* †: Member elected in a special election

## Notable former members

* Mark Begich, former U.S. senator and mayor of Anchorage
* Chris Birch, former member of the Alaska Legislature
* H. A. Boucher, 2nd lieutenant governor of Alaska
* Craig Campbell, 10th lieutenant governor of Alaska
* Matt Claman, member of the Alaska House of Representatives and former acting mayor of Anchorage
* Eric Croft, former member of the Alaska House of Representatives
* Harriet Drummond, member of the Alaska House of Representatives
* Forrest Dunbar, member of the Alaska Senate
* Fred Dyson, former member of the Alaska Legislature
* Elvi Gray-Jackson, member of the Alaska Senate
* Tony Knowles, 7th governor of Alaska and former mayor of Anchorage
* Suzanne LaFrance, Mayor of Anchorage
* Anna MacKinnon, former member of the Alaska Legislature
* Kevin Meyer, 14th lieutenant governor of Alaska
* Pete Petersen, member of the Alaska House of Representatives
* Austin Quinn-Davidson, acting mayor of Anchorage
* Lidia Selkregg, Italian-American geologist and professor of regional planning
* Arliss Sturgulewski, former member of the Alaska Senate
* Dan Sullivan, former mayor of Anchorage
* Charles Wohlforth, author and journalist
* George Wuerch, former mayor of Anchorage
# Othmar Schimkowitz

Othmar Schimkowitz (2 October 1864 in Tárts, Komárom County – 24 April 1947 in Graz) was a Hungarian-born architectural sculptor who worked on the greatest landmarks of the Vienna Secession.

## Life

Schimkowitz studied at the Academy of Fine Arts Vienna, lived for three years in New York as friends with the Austrian-American sculptor Karl Bitter, and returned to Vienna in 1895. He joined the Vienna Secession in 1898.

## Major works

His architectural sculpture includes:
* Figurative ornamentation for the 1897 Gutenberg Monument, Vienna, Jože Plečnik, architect
* The three gorgons on the 1898 Secession exhibition building in Vienna, Joseph Maria Olbrich, architect
* The "calling women" of the 1898-1899 of the Linke Wienzeile Buildings by Otto Wagner, architect
* Exterior work on the Austrian Pavilion at the 1904 Louisiana Purchase Exposition in St. Louis, Missouri
* Rooftop angels of the 1904-1906 Austrian Postal Savings Bank in Vienna, also for Wagner
* Angels on the 1907 Kirche am Steinhof in Vienna, also for Wagner

## Gallery

* Steinhof Church commemorative coin
* The 1898 Secession Building
* Wienzeile 38 apartment block, Vienna
* Oesterreichische Nationalbank Building: Relief
# Ngemba Evans Obi

Evans Ngemba Obi (born 29 May 1985 in Owerri) is a Nigerian football goalkeeper who is playing for TSV Grünwald in the German Bezirksliga Oberbayern-Süd.

## Career

Obi began his career 2005 with Academy Africa in München and had a trial with SV Heimstetten in June 2008, one month later was transferred to SV Heimstetten.
He was the first keeper for the reserve team from SV Heimstetten who plays in the German Kreisklasse 6 and the third keeper of the first team, who plays in the Landesliga Bayern. After 18 games in the Kreisklasse 6 for SV Heimstetten II left in July 2009 the club and joined than to SC Fürstenfeldbruck II. In summer 2011 signed for German Bezirksliga Oberbayern-Süd club TSV Grünwald.

## International career

His first nominatation for the Super Eagles was on 18 November 2008.

## Background

Obi was the first player ever from his former club SV Heimstetten who was nominated for a national game.
# San Rocco Battery

San Rocco Battery (Maltese: Batterija ta' San Rokku) was an artillery battery in Kalkara, Malta, built by Maltese insurgents during the French blockade of 1798–1800. It was the last in a chain of batteries, redoubts and entrenchments encircling the French positions in Marsamxett and the Grand Harbour. It was built to control the entrance to the harbour as well as the French occupied Fort Ricasoli. The battery was continually being fired upon by the French at Fort Ricasoli, which was located about 700 m (2,300 ft) away.
The battery was built on a low hillock and had two gun platforms, which were connected together with rubble walls. Around December 1799, a magazine was built by the architect Michele Cachia at the rear of the battery, with timber beams taken from ruined houses in Paola. The battery was initially armed with two 6-pounder iron guns. During the course of the siege, the armament was increased to five 12-pounders and two 8-pounders on the upper platform, while the lower platform was armed with four 32-pounders for coastal defence. By the end of the blockade in 1800 it had ten guns and two mortars. At one point, men from the 30th (Cambridgeshire) Regiment of Foot were stationed at San Rocco Battery.
In 1799, the British devised an evacuation plan in case a French relief force arrived. British forces were to gather at San Rocco Battery, before retreating to Żabbar under the cover of San Rocco Redoubt. From there, they would retreat to Żejtun, and then to Fort Rohan under the cover of St. Lucian Redoubt. They would embark on their ships in Marsaxlokk Harbour and evacuate the island.
Like the other French blockade fortifications, San Rocco Battery was dismantled, possibly sometime after 1814. No traces of the battery can be seen today. In the 1870s, the British built Fort Saint Rocco on the site of the battery.
# Doublebois

Doublebois (Cornish: Dewgoes) (pronounced /ˈdʌbəlbɔɪz/ DUB-əl-boyz), is a village in south Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. It is in the civil parish of Dobwalls approximately three miles (5 km) west of Liskeard.
Doublebois formerly had a railway station on the Cornish Main Line which closed on 5 October 1964. Today the main transport link is the adjacent A38 Plymouth to Bodmin trunk road.