OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Borovsko Bridge

The Borovsko Bridge (Czech: Borovský most) is an unfinished highway bridge near Borovsko [cs], part of Bernartice municipality, Central Bohemian Region, Czech Republic. It is commonly known as the "Czech Avignon" or "Hitler's Bridge".
The original bridge over the Sedlický River near Borovsko was under construction at KM 59 of the highway between 1939–42 and 1948-50. Construction was commenced in July 1939 by the civil engineering company "ing. J. Domanský". The planned budget was 5,552,400 crowns. Despite most civil engineering projects in Czechoslovakia being halted after the German invasion of the Soviet Union in 1941, in order that material scheduled for them could be diverted to the Nazi war effort, the construction of the bridge continued, although it was halted after the assassination of Reinhard Heydrich, the Nazi overlord of Czechoslovakia. Under the Communist regime which came about at the end of World War II, construction resumed, even though the emphasis at the time was on heavy industry and railroads rather than on automobile travel.
The bridge itself was completed at the end of 1950 and formally approved by the authorities in 1952. However, highway construction was suspended in the 1950s, the rampart at the southern end was never finished, and the bridge was abandoned.
The 1960s brought new hope for the Borovsko Bridge and Czech highways. At the time, a project for a new large drinking-water reservoir for Prague was under consideration. Natural supply provided a high quality of water but a huge artificial lake was to flood a number of valleys, including two valleys where the Borovsko Bridge and the smaller neighbouring Sedmpanský Bridge were situated. Various scenarios were examined. One of them was reducing the lake size, but the city of Prague required millions of litres of drinking water. The other option was hydroinsulation of the bridge construction – but this approach was almost as costly as building a new bridge, even without considering the cost of water protection in case of accident etc. Finally, the decision was made to bypass the valley and to build a completely new bridge 1.4 km upriver to the south.
The dam has been in operation since 1976 and the sector of the D1 highway since 1977. The Borovsko Bridge and the Sedmpanský Bridge were abandoned, as were the routes a few kilometres west and east from the bridges' location. Today, huge spans of the Borovsko Bridge have been flooded almost up to the roadway. The bridge rests unseen in the middle of the forests of the Bohemian-Moravian Highlands, as the whole lake district is a forbidden area and entry is strictly prohibited to protect the watershed.
# Oleg Avramov

Oleg Viktorovich Avramov (Russian: Олег Викторович Аврамов; born 3 October 1968 in Bryansk) is a former Russian football player.

## Honours
### Vedrich Rechytsa

* Belarusian Cup finalist: 1992/93
# Wang Mingzhang

Wang Mingzhang (traditional Chinese: 王銘章; simplified Chinese: 王铭章; pinyin: Wáng Míngzhāng; Wade–Giles: Wang Ming-chang; 4 July 1893 – 14 March 1938), courtesy name Zhizhong (之鐘), was a Chinese general of the National Revolutionary Army during the Second Sino-Japanese War.

## Biography

Born in Xindu County (modern-day Xindu District, Chengdu), Sichuan, Wang Mingzhang entered the Sichuan Army Elementary School in 1911 and the Army Middle School in Nanjing in 1912. Afterwards, he returned to Sichuan to enter the Sichuan Military Academy, and after he graduated in 1914 successively held the commands of a platoon, company, battalion, regiment, and brigade. He was involved in the various conflicts between the Sichuan clique warlords during the Warlord Era. In 1933 was appointed division commander. After the beginning of the Second Sino-Japanese War, as part 41st Corps/22nd Army Group, the 122nd Division left Sichuan in 1937 attack the Japanese forces.
Wang Mingzhang commanded the 122nd Division in 1938 during the Xuzhou Campaign. His Division and 364th Brigade held out in the Teng County (today Tengzhou) against the Japanese in four days of heavy street fighting. He was killed in action on March 17, 1938, during the Battle of Taierzhuang.
In 1984, the Sichuan Provincial government confirmed him as a revolutionary martyr of the People's Republic of China.
# Zaure Omarova

Zaure Sadvokasovna Omarova (Russian: Зауре Садвокасовна Омарова; 28 November 1924 – 29 October 2008) was a Soviet and Kazakhstani politician.
She served as Minister of Social Security.
# National Moravian-Silesian Theatre

The National Moravian-Silesian Theatre (Czech: Národní divadlo moravskoslezské; NDM) is a professional theatre company based in Ostrava in the Czech Republic. It is one of ten opera houses in the country, and the largest theatre company in the Moravian-Silesian Region. The NDM has two permanent theatres, the Antonín Dvořák Theatre and the Jiří Myron Theatre. The company was registered in 1918, and the theatre was first opened to the public on 19 August 1919.

## Artistic output

The theatre consists of four artistic companies: drama, opera, operetta/musical, and ballet. Each year the theatre stages 16–19 premieres and just under 500 performances. The current director of the theatre is Jiří Nekvasil, and the artistic directors of the four companies are Jakub Klecker (opera), Vojtěch Štěpánek (drama), Lenka Dřímalová (ballet), and Gabriela Petráková (operetta/musical).

## Names

* 1919: National Moravian-Silesian Theatre (Czech: Národní divadlo moravsko-slezské; NDMS)
* 1941: Czech Moravian-Ostravian Theatre (Czech: České divadlo moravskoostravské; ČDMO)
* 1945: Moravian Ostrava Provincial Theatre (Czech: Zemské divadlo v Moravské Ostravě; ZDO)
* 1948: State Theatre in Ostrava (Czech: Státní divadlo v Ostravě; SDO)
* 1995: National Moravian-Silesian Theatre (Czech: Národní divadlo moravskoslezské; NDM)

## List of directors

* Václav Jiřikovský (1919–1923)
* František Uhlíř (1923–1926)
* Miloš Nový (1926–1930)
* Ladislav Knotek (1930–1939)
* Karel Jičínský (1939–1939)
* Jan Škoda (1940–1942)
* Jiří Myron (1942–1946)
* Stanislav Langer (1946–1948)
* Antonín Kurš (1948–1952)
* Drahoš Želenský (1952–1953)
* Miloslav Holub (1954–1956)
* Vladislav Hamšík (1956–1971)
* Zdeněk Starý (1971–1988)
* Dalibor Malina (1989–1991)
* Ilja Racek (1991–1998)
* Luděk Golat (1998–2009)
* Jiří Nekvasil (since 2010)
# Sorkhabad

Sorkhabad (Persian: سرخ اباد), also rendered as Surkhabad, may refer to:
* Sorkhabad, Fars
* Sorkhabad, Hamadan
* Sorkhabad, Mazandaran
* Sorkhabad, Razavi Khorasan
* Sorkhabad, Zanjan
# Alex Hermans

Alex Hermans is a former Paralympian athlete from Belgium. He competed mainly in category F36 shot put events.
He competed in the 1980 Summer Paralympics in Arnhem, Netherlands. There he won a gold medal in the men's Shot put - CP C event and a gold medal in the men's Long jump - CP C event. He also competed at the 1984 Summer Paralympics in New York City, United States winning a gold medal in the men's Discus throw - C6 event, a gold medal in the men's Shot put - C6 event and went out in the quarter-finals of the men's 100 metres - C7 event. He also competed at the 1988 Summer Paralympics in Seoul, South Korea winning a gold medal in the men's Shot put - C6 event. He also competed in the 1992 Summer Paralympics in Barcelona, Spain. There he won a gold medal in the men's Shot put - C6 event and finished seventh in the men's Discus throw - C7 event. He also competed at the 1996 Summer Paralympics in Atlanta, United States., a silver medal in the men's Shot put - C6 event and finished fourth in the men's Discus throw - C7 event. He also competed at the 2000 Summer Paralympics in Sydney, Australia winning a bronze medal in the men's Shot put - F36 event and finished fifth in the men's Discus throw - F36 event.
# Union of Transport and Communications Workers of Yugoslavia

The Union of Transport and Communications Workers of Yugoslavia (Serbo-Croatian: Sindikat radnika saobraćaja i veze Jugoslavije) was a trade union representing workers in the transportation and communications sectors in Yugoslavia.
The union was founded in 1959, with the merger of the Union of Maritime Workers, the Union of Postal, Telegraph and Telephone Employees, Union of Railwaymen, and the Union of Transport Workers. Like all its predecessors, it affiliated to the Confederation of Trade Unions of Yugoslavia. By 1965, it claimed 306,000 members, and was led by Dane Olbina.
In 1974, the Union of Maritime and River Shipping Workers split away. The union split in 1990, into several smaller unions, including the Independent Trade Union of Railway Maintenance Workers of the ŽTP, the Independent Trade Union of Electrical Installations of HŽP, the Independent Trade Union of Croatian Road Workers, the Independent Trade Union of Croatian Road Workers and the Federation of Trade Unions of Croatian Post and Telecommunications Workers.
# Korean Labor Unions Confederation

The Korean Labor Unions Confederation (KLUC), also known as Gukmin-nochong (Korean: 국민노총; acronym for KLUC in Korean language) was a national trade union centre of South Korea established in 2011, and the union merged into Federation of Korean Trade Unions in 2014.
# Jay Bird

Jay Bird or Jaybird or variation, may refer to:

## Places

* Jaybird, Ohio, USA; an unincorporated community in Adams County
* Jay Bird Springs, Georgia, USA; an unincorporated community in Dodge County
* Jaybird Island, Lake Kapowsin, Pierce County, Washington, USA; an island
* Jaybird Creek, a tributary of the Siletz River in Oregon, USA
* Jaybird Pond, Oxford County, Maine, USA; see List of lakes of Maine
* Jay Bird Mine, Carberry Creek, Oregon, USA; see List of mines in Oregon
* Jay Bird Mine, Granite, Oregon, USA; see List of mines in Oregon

## People

* Jay Bird (footballer) (born 2001), English footballer
* Jaybird Coleman (1896–1950) U.S. country blues musician
* Jerry "Jaybird" Drennan, a U.S. musician, and former associate of The Picks

### Fictional characters

* Jason "Jaybird" Watkins, a character from the U.S. comedy TV show The Last O.G.
* Jaybird, a character from Adventure Time (season 3)

## Groups, companies, organizations

* The Jaybirds, a UK blues rock band
* Jaybird (company), a Utah-based consumer electronics company
* The Jay Bird Democrats, a political faction involved in the Jaybird–Woodpecker War
* Cleveland Jaybirds, a softball team

## Arts and entertainment

* The Jay Bird, a 1920 short Western film
* The Jaybird, a 1932 novel by MacKinlay Kantor
* "Jaybird", a 2006 song by Comets on Fire off the album Avatar
* "Jaybird", a 2008 tune from the film The Lazarus Project, off the soundtrack album
* "Jaybird", a 2011 song by The Coathangers off the album Larceny & Old Lace

## Other uses

* VJ-21 Jaybird, an aircraft; see List of civil aircraft
* Software: Jaybird, a JDBC driver for Firebird (database server)
# Alessandro Osso

Alessandro Osso Armellino (born 5 May 1987) is an Italian footballer who plays for San Daniele.

## Biography

Born in San Daniele del Friuli, the Province of Udine, Friuli sub-region, Osso made his first team debut on 16 March 2006, replacing Mirko Pieri in the last minute. The match Udinese was defeated by Levski Sofia 1–2 and was eliminated from 2005–06 UEFA Cup round of 16. He wore no.42 shirt that season. In the next season, he wore no.87 shirt. In 2007–08 season he changed to wear no.75.
In January 2008, he was loaned to Paganese along with Albin Hodza. He left for Celano in July 2008.
On 2 February 2009, he left for Colligiana in co-ownership deal. In June 2009, Colligiana acquired him outright, but he soon left for Serie D club Manzanese along with Udinese player Giovanni Barreca. After the relegation of the club, Alessandro Osso remained and play along with Andrea Osso.
In 2012–13 season he was a player of a local club in San Daniele del Friuli for the Eccellenza league (regional league). In 2013–14 season, Andrea re-joined Alessandro at San Daniele.
# Spray-on hair

Spray-on hair or hair in a can is a hairstyling product consisting of an aerosol spray applied to balding areas of the scalp to create artificial hair covering that area. Spray-on hair generally works in one of two ways. Either it directly colors the scalp and enhances whatever hair is in the area by thickening it, or it generates hair-like filaments that cling to the scalp and existing hair.
Spray-on hair was one of the products pioneered by Ronco in the 1980s, under the name "GLH-9" (Great Looking Hair Formula #9). The product "was popular in the 1990s with 30-minute infomercials for the product on late-night cable TV", and the Ronco version sold over a half million cans. GLH came out in liquid form but contained powder particles that stuck to the follicles on the scalp.
In the documentary TV series Bald!, spray-on hair is one of the products tried by a participant on the show, which generated poor results.
# Church of St Francis of Assisi, Ħamrun

The Church of St Francis of Assisi (Maltese: Knisja ta' San Franġisk t'Assisi) is a Roman Catholic church in Ħamrun, Malta. It was built between 1952 and 1954.

## History

The Order of Friars Minor established a small chapel in Ħamrun on 16 August 1947, and it was located in a converted garage. This chapel was meant to be temporary, and the Order began to search for a plot of land on which to build a permanent church soon afterwards. After the site was chosen, construction of the church began with the first stone being laid down on 13 April 1952 by Tarcisju Xerri, the Order's superior. The church was built to designs of the architect Ġużè Damato. The building was opened to the public on 30 October 1954 and it was consecrated by Archbishop Mikiel Gonzi in May 1955.
The church falls under the jurisdiction of the parish of the Immaculate Conception of Ħamrun.

## Architecture

The church has a simple Roman style, and it is built out of local limestone and concrete. The latter is used for the roof and octagonal dome, while stone is used for the church's walls. The building can accommodate 2000 people, and it is 43 metres (141 ft) and 21 metres (69 ft) wide including the side aisles. The nave itself has a width of 17 metres (56 ft). The church has a large bell tower which is topped by a statue of St Francis sculpted by Marco Montebello and installed on 21 February 1960.
Internally, the church contains a main altar and two secondary altars, along with a chapel dedicated to Our Lady of Perpetual Help. A Franciscan convent is located adjacent to the church and the two buildings are connected internally.

## Artworks

The church has a titular statue of St Francis accepting his stigmata which was sculpted in marble by Wistin Camilleri, and it also contains marble statues of Anthony of Padua and the Immaculate Conception which were produced by the Andriani company of Lucca.
# Pavel Gusakov

Pavel Osipovich Gusakov (Russian: Па́вел О́сипович Гука́сов; 22 January 1858 [O.S. 3 February], Shusha – 22 December 1937, Paris) was an Armenian industrialist who with his brother, Abram, played a major role in the industrialisation of the oil industry of Imperial Russia. He held management positions in 13 Russian companies before the Russian Revolution in 1917.
# Howald (disambiguation)

Howald (Luxembourgish: Houwald), a town in the commune of Hesperange, Luxembourg.
Howald or Houwald may also refer to:
* Howald (surname)
* Houwald family, a German noble family
# Dudley Ward

Dudley Ward may refer to:
* Freda Dudley Ward (1894–1983), mistress of the Prince of Wales from 1918 to 1923.
* General Sir Alfred Dudley Ward (1905–1991), Governor of Gibraltar
* Dudley Ward (judge) (1827–1913), New Zealand judge and politician
* Viscounts Dudley and Ward, in the Peerage of the United Kingdom
* M. Dudley Ward (1873–1958), English animal welfare activist.
# Obaidullah Babat

Ubaid Ullah Jan Babat (Pashto: عبیدالله بابت), also known as Babat Lala (بابت لالا) is a Pakistani politician who was a Member of the Provincial Assembly of Balochistan, from May 2013 to May 2018 affiliated with Pashtunkhwa Milli Awami Party. He was born in Bori. He belongs to Kakar tribe ( Shabozi - Sub-tribe).

## Early life and education

He was born on 5 May 1958 in Loralai.

## Political career

He was elected to the Provincial Assembly of Balochistan as a candidate of Pashtunkhwa Milli Awami Party from Constituency PB-16 Loralai-II in 2013 Pakistani general election.
# Tatsuya Maeda (rugby union)

Tatsuya Maeda (前田達也, Maeda Tastuya) (born Osaka, 23 September 1968) is a former Japanese rugby union player who played as a fullback, as well as center and fly-half.

## Biography

Maeda attended Shimamoto High School and Kyoto Sangyo University, for whose club he played during the All-Japan Rugby University Championship. After graduating from Kyoto Sangyo University, he joined NTT Kansai Rugby Football Club. He also played for Japan, with his first cap being during the match against USA, at Chicago, on 4 May 1991. In the same year, Maeda was called up for the second edition of the Rugby World Cup, although he did not play any match in the tournament. Maeda was last capped for Japan during a match against Tonga, at Nagoya, on 11 February 1995.
# Bashkirov

Bashkirov (Russian: Башкиров) is a Russian masculine surname, its feminine counterpart is Bashkirova. Notable people with the surname include:
* Andrei Bashkirov (born 1970), Russian ice hockey player
* Dmitri Bashkirov (1931–2021), Russian pianist and educator
* Elena Bashkirova (born 1958), Russian-born pianist and musical director, daughter of Dmitri
* Ruslan Bashkirov (born 1989), Russian ice hockey player
* Sergey Bashkirov (born 1971), Russian painter
* Yevgeni Bashkirov (born 1991), Russian football player
# Walter Schottky Prize

The Walter Schottky Prize is a scientific prize awarded by the German Physical Society for outstanding research work of young academics in the field of solid-state physics. Since 1973 the prize is generally awarded annually. The endowment of the prize with 10,000 euros is contributed by Infineon Technologies AG and Robert Bosch GmbH. The prize is dedicated to Walter Schottky, a physicist and pioneer of electronics.

## List of recipients

Source: German Physical Society
* 2021: Andreas Hüttel
* 2020: Zhe Wang
* 2019: Eva Vera Benckiser
* 2018: Sascha Schäfer
* 2017: Helmut Schultheiss
* 2016: Ermin Malic
* 2015: Frank Pollmann, Andreas Schnyder
* 2014: Sven Höfling
* 2013: Claus Ropers
* 2012: Alex Greilich
* 2011: not awarded
* 2010: Thomas Seyller
* 2009: Florian Marquardt
* 2008: Fedor Jelezko
* 2007: Jonathan Finley
* 2006: Manfred Fiebig
* 2005: Wolfgang Belzig
* 2004: Markus Morgenstern
* 2003: Jurgen Smet
* 2002: Harald Reichert
* 2001: Manfred Bayer
* 2000: Clemens Bechinger
* 1999: Thomas Herrmannsdörfer
* 1998: Achim Wixforth
* 1997: Christoph Geibel
* 1996: Bo Persson
* 1995: Jochen Feldmann
* 1994: Paul Müller
* 1993: Gertrud Zwicknagl
* 1992: Kurt Kremer
* 1991: Christian Thomsen
* 1990: Hermann Grabert, Helmut Wipf
* 1989: Ulrich Eckern, Gerd Schön, Wilhelm Zwerger
* 1988: Martin Stutzmann
* 1987: Bernd Ewen, Dieter Richter
* 1986: Gerhard Abstreiter
* 1985: Hans Werner Diehl, Siegfried Dietrich
* 1984: Gottfried Döhler
* 1983: Klaus Sattler
* 1982: Volker Dohm, Reinhard Folk
* 1981: Klaus von Klitzing
* 1980: Klaus Funke
* 1979: Heiner Müller-Krumbhaar
* 1978: Bernhard Authier, Horst Fischer
* 1977: Siegfried Hunklinger
* 1976: Franz Wegner
* 1975: Karl-Heinz Zschauer
* 1974: Andreas Otto
* 1973: Peter Ehrhart
# President of the University of the Philippines

The president of the University of the Philippines (Filipino: Pangulo ng Unibersidad ng Pilipinas) is the chief administrator and principal executive officer of the University of the Philippines. The president is elected for a single six-year term by the University's eleven-member Board of Regents (BOR). (Before the passage of RA 9500, there were 12 members in the BOR). As of 2023, two Americans and 20 Filipinos have served as President of the University of the Philippines.
Lawyer and former Regent Angelo Jimenez is the current President, having assumed office on February 10, 2023.

## List of presidents of the University of the Philippines

Presidents of the University of the Philippines :
| Murray S. Bartlett | 1911–1915 |
| Ignacio Villamor | 1915–1921 |
| Guy Potter Wharton Benton | 1921–1925 |
| Rafael V. Palma | 1925–1934 |
| Jorge Bocobo | 1934–1939 |
| Bienvenido Ma. Gonzalez | 1939–1943, 1945–1951 |
| Antonio Sison | 1943–1945 |
| Vidal A. Tan | 1951–1956 |
| Enrique T. Virata | 1956–1958 |
| Vicente G. Sinco | 1958–1962 |
| Carlos P. Romulo | 1962–1968 |
| Salvador P. Lopez | 1969–1975 |
| Onofre D. Corpuz | 1975–1979 |
| Emanuel V. Soriano | 1979–1981 |
| Edgardo Angara | 1981–1987 |
| José Abueva | 1987–1993 |
| Emil Q. Javier | 1993–1999 |
| Francisco Nemenzo Jr. | 1999–2005 |
| Emerlinda R. Roman | 2005–2011 |
| Alfredo E. Pascual | 2011–2017 |
| Danilo Concepcion | 2017–2023 |
| Angelo Jimenez | 2023–present |
# Luch (rural locality)

Luch (Russian: Луч) is the name of several rural localities in Russia.
* Luch, Birsky District, Republic of Bashkortostan, a khutor in Staropetrovsky Selsoviet of Birsky District in the Republic of Bashkortostan
* Luch, Zianchurinsky District, Republic of Bashkortostan, a village in Tazlarovsky Selsoviet of Zianchurinsky District in the Republic of Bashkortostan
* Luch, Krasnodar Krai, a settlement in Luchevoy Rural Okrug of Labinsky District in Krasnodar Krai
* Luch, Moscow Oblast, a settlement in Stremilovskoye Rural Settlement of Chekhovsky District in Moscow Oblast
* Luch, Nizhny Novgorod Oblast, a settlement under the administrative jurisdiction of Prioksky City District of the city of oblast significance of Nizhny Novgorod in Nizhny Novgorod Oblast
* Luch, Orenburg Oblast, a settlement in Pylayevsky Selsoviet of Pervomaysky District in Orenburg Oblast
* Luch, Penza Oblast, a settlement in Troitsky Selsoviet of Bashmakovsky District in Penza Oblast
* Luch, Saratov Oblast, a settlement in Rtishchevsky District of Saratov Oblast
* Luch, Bogdanovichsky District, Sverdlovsk Oblast, a settlement in Bogdanovichsky District of Sverdlovsk Oblast
* Luch, Sysertsky District, Sverdlovsk Oblast, a settlement in Sysertsky District of Sverdlovsk Oblast
* Luch, Tambov Oblast, a settlement in Luchevsky Selsoviet of Uvarovsky District in Tambov Oblast
* Luch, Republic of Tatarstan, a settlement in Chistopolsky District of the Republic of Tatarstan
* Luch, Vladimir Oblast, a settlement in Alexandrovsky District of Vladimir Oblast
* Luch, Voronezh Oblast, a settlement in Usmanskoye 2-ye Rural Settlement of Novousmansky District in Voronezh Oblast
# Tulay

Tulay (Persian: طولاي), also rendered as Tiula, may refer to:
* Tulay-e Bala
* Tulay-e Pain
# Peremyotnoye

Peremyotnoye (Kazakh: Переметное, Peremetnoe; Russian: Перемётное) is a village in far north-western Kazakhstan. It is the administrative center of Bayterek_District in West Kazakhstan Region. Population: 4,308 (2009 Census results); 4,406 (1999 Census results).