OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dar Joued

Dar Joued (Arabic: دار جواد, romanized: da:r juwa:d) was a religious women's prison in Tunis, Tunisia, housing women who had been ruled to be insubordinate or rebellious. Its existence spanned from the 16th century until the mid-20th century, reflecting and enforcing societal norms concerning gender roles and marital obedience within the Islamic legal framework of the time.

## History

Established in the 16th century, Dar Joued operated under a religious court system, adjudicating cases without the possibility of appeal. Women sent to Dar Joued were often accused by their husbands or male guardians of disobedience or rebellion and were judged by two judges, representing, respectively, the Hanafi school and the Maliki school of Islamic jurisprudence. The institution was part of a broader societal mechanism to regulate women's behavior and maintain traditional family structures. Habib Bourguiba's reforms, particularly the Code of Personal Status of 1956, led to Dar Joued's closure in 1957.

## Dar Joued in Popular Culture

The impact and historical significance of Dar Joued have been revisited in contemporary Tunisian culture, most notably through the work of director Selma Baccar. Her film "El Jaida" delves into the stories of women confined in Dar Joued, bringing attention to their struggles and resilience. The film draws on historical research and personal testimonies, highlighting the institution's role in the broader context of Tunisian society's evolution, especially regarding women's rights.

## Legacy

The closure of Dar Joued followed the enactment of the Code of Personal Status by Habib Bourguiba in 1956, which abolished practices like repudiation and polygamy and required mutual consent for marriage. This legal reform marked a pivotal moment in the advancement of women's rights in Tunisia, with Dar Joued's disappearance symbolizing a break from past oppressions and a step toward greater gender equality.
# Krista Guloien

Krista Guloien (born March 20, 1980, in New Westminster, British Columbia) is a Canadian rower from Port Moody, British Columbia.
At the 2008 Summer Olympics, she competed in the women's quad sculls.
At the 2012 Summer Olympics, she was part of the Canadian women's eight that won the silver medal.
She studied criminology at Simon Fraser University.
# Al-Awhad (son of Badr al-Jamali)

Al-Awhad (Arabic: الاوحد, lit. 'the Unique One, the Unparalleled One') was the eldest son of the Fatimid vizier and quasi-sultan, Badr al-Jamali (r. 1074–1094). When his father left Acre in 1073 to take power in Egypt, al-Awhad with his mother and siblings were left behind in the city, which shortly after fell to a Turkoman chieftain, Şöglü. While the Turkoman ruler of Damascus, Atsiz ibn Uwaq, demanded their handover, Şöglü, aiming to secure Badr's favour in his rivalry with Atsiz, eventually sent them to Egypt. Soon after his arrival in Egypt, al-Awhad was appointed governor of Alexandria, being in office by 1076.
Removed from his father's court in Cairo, al-Awhad fell under the influence of an officer whose relatives had been killed during Badr's purges while the latter consolidated his power over Egypt. Al-Awhad's behaviour awoke his father's distrust, and envoys, including his half-brother al-Afdal, were sent to Alexandria to persuade him to change his stance. These attempts failed, leading to the siege of Alexandria by Badr's forces in spring 1084. The city capitulated and al-Awhad surrendered to his father, who took him with him to Cairo. Badr also appointed his younger son al-Afdal in al-Awhad's place as heir apparent. Soon new rumours reached Badr that al-Awhad was conspiring to assassinate him; al-Awhad was imprisoned and the rest of his co-conspirators executed. Finally, on 29 August 1087 al-Awhad was executed by strangulation, possibly to prevent another plot that aimed to liberate him.
# Namco System 22

The Namco System 22 is the successor to the Namco System 21 arcade system board. It debuted in 1992 with Sim Drive in Japan, followed by a worldwide debut in 1993 with Ridge Racer.
The System 22 was designed by Namco. The main CPU provides a scene description to the TR3 graphics processing unit and a bank of DSP chips which perform 3D calculations.
A variant of the system, called the Super System 22, was released in 1995. The hardware was largely similar to the System 22, but with a slightly higher polygon rate and more special effects possible.

## System 22 Specifications

* Main CPU: Motorola 68020 32-bit @ 24.576 MHz
* DSP: 2x Texas Instruments TMS32025 @ 49.152 MHz (exact number of DSPs may vary)
* GPU: Namco's in-house developed GPU (Texture Mapping, Real-Time, Real-Visual, Rendering System)
** Features: Texture mapping, Gouraud shading, transparency effects, depth cueing, 16.7 million colors, 240,000 polygons/second
* Sound CPU: Mitsubishi M37702 (System 22 Games) or M37710 (Super System 22 Games) @ 16.384 MHz
* Sound Chip: Namco C352 (32 voices, 4 channels @ 16-bit, support for 8-bit linear or μ-law PCM samples)
* + Namco Custom Chips

## List of System 22 / Super System 22 Games

| Name | Year of Release | Notes |
| Sim Drive | (1992) | Limited release |
| Ridge Racer | (1993) | |
| Ace Driver | (1994) | |
| Alpine Racer | (1994) | |
| Cyber Commando | (1994) | |
| Ridge Racer 2 | (1994) | |
| Ace Driver: Victory Lap | (1995) | |
| Air Combat 22 | (1995) | |
| Cyber Cycles | (1995) | |
| Dirt Dash | (1995) | |
| Rave Racer | (1995) | |
| Time Crisis | (1995) | |
| Tokyo Wars | (1996) | |
| Alpine Racer 2 | (1996) | |
| Alpine Surfer | (1996) | |
| Aqua Jet | (1996) | |
| Armadillo Racing | (1996) | |
| Prop Cycle | (1996) | |
# Saeid Rajabi (futsal)

Saeid Rajabi Shirazi (Persian: سعید رجبی شیرازی; born 10 March 1965) is an Iranian professional football coach and former football and futsal player.

## Honours
### Individual

* Top Goalscorer:
** FIFA Futsal World Cup: 1992 (17 goals)
# Abdullah Al-Nibari

Abdullah Al-Nibari (Arabic: عبد الله النيباري; 22 March 1936 – 20 March 2022) was a Kuwaiti politician. A member of the Kuwait Democratic Forum, he served in the National Assembly from 1971 to 1976 and again from 1992 to 1999. He died in Kuwait City on 20 March 2022 at the age of 85.
# Shahrak Emam Khomeyni, Lorestan

In Lorestan Province, Shahrak Emam Khomeyni and Shahrak-e Emam Khomeyni (Persian: شهرك امام خميني) may refer to:
* Shahrak-e Emam Khomeyni, Delfan
* Shahrak Emam Khomeyni, Kuhdasht
# Bay of Vlorë

The Bay of Vlorë (Albanian: Gjiri i Vlorës, pronounced) is a large bay of the Adriatic Sea situated along the Albanian Adriatic Sea Coast on the Mediterranean Sea in Southern Europe. It opens to the sea in the northwest and is largely surrounded by the lagoon of Narta in the north, the city of Vlorë in the northeast, the mountains of the Ceraunians in the east and southeast, and the peninsula of Karaburun in the southwest and west.

## Biodiversity

The bay is categorized as an Important Bird and Plant Area by virtue of it provides excellent habitats for a vast array of bird and plant species.

## Geography

The Karaburun Peninsula, which stretches at the meetingpoint of the Adriatic and Ionian Sea, encompasses the western shoreline of the bay that is highly hilly and irregular in structure and is home to the Karaburun-Sazan Marine Park.

## History

In classical antiquity the Bay of Vlorë constituted the southern limit of the Illyrian coast. The Bay is delimited by the mountainous area of the Karaburun Peninsula (ancient Akrokeraunia) to the southwest and the Ceraunian Mountains to the south, which represented a natural frontier separating Illyria from Epirus. The coastal area of the Bay was settled by Ancient Greek colonists, who traditionally founded Oricum, Thronion and Aulon. Illyrians were found in the hinterland of the Bay. The area at the foot of the Akrokeraunian Mountains including the Dukat plain in the south of the Bay was inhabited by the southernmost Illyrians, while Chaones and their territory, Chaonia, were located to the south of the Akrokeraunia.
In Roman times, the region was a significant place and was the scene, for example, of some of Caesar's battles. It has been suggested that Julius Caesar landed inside the Bay of Vlorë from Brundusium across the Adriatic, in order to carry on the Civil War against Pompey in Illyricum and the oncoming Battle of Dyrrhachium on 10 July 48 BC. Ptolemy mentions Aulon (Vlorë), locating it in Taulantian territory.
In one account, 18 ships full of merchandise have sunk in the Bay. Studying the Bay of Vlorë, it has been one of the main projects of the navigation department of the University of Vlora in the last few years. The southwestern end of the Bay, at the naval base of Pashaliman, has been used as a harbor since antiquity. The city was called Oricum. During the Cold War, it was temporarily a Soviet naval base, the only one in the Mediterranean sea.
* Historical map of the Bay in 1573
* View from the air
* At sunset
* Port of Vlorë
* Panoramic view
# Kalateh-ye Hasan

Kalateh-ye Hasan (Persian: كلاته حسن) may refer to:
* Kalateh-ye Hasan, Chenaran, Razavi Khorasan Province
* Kalateh-ye Hasan, South Khorasan
# Eyeborg

An eyeborg or eye-borg is a body modification apparatus which fits on the wearer's head, and is designed to allow people to perceive color through sound waves. It works with a head-mounted antenna that senses the colors directly in front of a person, and converts them in real-time into sound waves through bone conduction.

## History

The first eyeborg was created in England in 2003 by Adam Montandon in collaboration with colourblind artist Neil Harbisson. The invention, under the heading Bridging the Island of the Colourblind Project, won a British award in Innovation (Submerge 2004) and a European award in Content Tools and Interface Design (Europrix 2004). In 2007, Peter Kese, a software developer from Kranj, Slovenia, made further developments to the eyeborg by increasing the number of color hues to 360 and adding color saturation through different volume levels. In 2009, Matias Lizana, a student from Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya developed the eyeborg into a chip as part of his final year project. The chip allows users to have the device implanted and to hear colors beyond the limits of human perception such as infrared and ultraviolet.

## Color to sound scales

Harbisson's Sonochromatic Music Scale (2003) is a microtonal and logarithmic scale with 360 notes in an octave. Each note corresponds to a specific degree of the color wheel. The scale was introduced to the first eyeborg in 2004.
Harbisson's Pure Sonochromatic Scale (2005) is a non-logarithmic scale based on the transposition of light frequencies to sound frequencies. The scale discards color as being part of a color wheel and ignores musical/logarithmic perception so it can overstep the limits of human perception. The introduction of the new scale to the eyeborg in 2010, allows users to decide whether they want to perceive colors logarithmically or not.

## The blind

Since 2005, eyeborgs have been donated to blind communities in Europe, Asia and America with the aim of helping the blind develop the sense of color. The first blind person to try out an eyeborg was Sabriye Tenberken followed by blind students from Braille Without Borders in Tibet and members of the Sociedad de Ciegos de Pichincha in Ecuador.
In 2011, vice-president of Ecuador Lenin Moreno announced that his government would collaborate with the Cyborg Foundation to create eyeborgs and new sensory extensions. In 2012, after lecturing at Escola Politécnica de Pernambuco in Recife, the Cyborg Foundation signed a partnership to create eyeborgs and other new human extensions in collaboration with Universidade de Pernambuco in Brazil.
Eyeborgs are currently being treated as body parts rather than as devices, and therefore are donated rather than sold.
# Horse Museum (Lithuania)

The Lithuanian Horse Museum (Lithuanian: Arklio muziejus) is an ethnographic and equestrian regional museum dedicated to the historical use of horses in the agriculture of Lithuania. It is located in the village of Niūronys [lt], Anykščiai District, Lithuania. It is situated about 6.5 kilometres (4.0 mi) north of Anykščiai within the Anykščiai Regional Park. Since 1992, it is a branch of the A. Baranauskas and A. Žukauskas-Vienuolis Memorial Museum [lt].

## Background

The Horse Museum was opened for visitors in 1978 by professor and agronomist Petras Vasinauskas [lt]. He nurtured the idea of the museum since 1940. In 1975, Vasinauskas realized that horses were being replaced my machinery and thus no longer valued in Soviet collective farming. To raise awareness of this issue, Vasinauskas together with a journalist traveled more than 1,500 kilometres (930 mi) across Lithuania in a horse cart. As news about the museum spread, farmers started bringing various items and even live horses to the museum.

## Description

The museum stores about 4,000 exhibits. It includes horse-drawn agricultural implements (harrows, mowers, etc.), means of transportation (carts, sledges) and their parts, and work tools of various crafts (reenacting pre-modern works of a weaver, potter, baker, blacksmith, jeweler and wood carver). Most of the exhibits date to the 19th and 20th centuries and were collected in Lithuania. The museum also exhibits written documents, postal stamps, wood carvings, etc.
In 1988, a 12-kilometre (7.5 mi) trail was constructed for recreational rides. Every summer since 1978, a cultural and sports festival "Run, Run, Horses" (Lithuanian: Bėk, bėk, žirgeli) is held at the Niūronys hippodrome.
The museum has 11 buildings as well as live stables. More than 35,000 tourists visit the museum annually. The museum also offers horseback and sleigh rides.
# Copperton, Utah

Copperton is a town in Salt Lake County, Utah, United States, located at the mouth of Bingham Canyon, approximately 17 miles (27 km) southwest of Salt Lake City. Much of the town is included in the Copperton Historic District, which is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

## History

Copperton was established in 1926, by the Utah Copper Company as a residential area and "model city" for its employees. It emerged as a "showplace for company-subsidized family life." Housing construction ended in the 1930s, and company-furnished housing ended in 1955. After that, a private real estate developer managed the homes for employees. A rather large park was also built in the small town.
As of the 2010 Census, Copperton has a population of 826. Copperton is the only mining town remaining for the Bingham Canyon Mine after Lark was torn down in 1980. Currently, only a handful of residents work for the mine. The town's history is directly linked to the mine.
The 2017 American Community Survey reported the population at 579.
In 2015, the township's residents voted to incorporate and become a metro township.
As of May 2024, Copperton has reverted to town status.

## Climate

Climate is characterized by relatively high temperatures and evenly distributed precipitation throughout the year. The Köppen Climate Classification subtype for this climate is "Cfa" (Humid Subtropical Climate).
# Leandro Somoza

Leandro Daniel Somoza (born 26 January 1981) is an Argentine football coach and former player who played as a defensive midfielder.

## Club career

Somoza began his professional career playing for Vélez Sársfield in the Argentine Primera in 2001. He played for the club for five years, and was a key player in the 2005 Clausura tournament winning team.
In 2006, Somoza was transferred to La Liga club Villarreal CF on a five-year contract. He joined fellow countrymen Juan Román Riquelme, Gonzalo Rodríguez, Rodolfo Arruabarrena, Fabricio Fuentes and Mariano Barbosa. However, Somoza spent only one season with Villarreal, being loaned in August 2007 to Real Betis. The Argentine midfielder was presented to the media on 14 August and made his first appearance in a friendly against Real Zaragoza two days later. His first competitive debut came in the season against Recreativo Huelva, on 26 August.
After his second season in Spain, Somoza returned to Argentina for the 2008–09 season to play again for Vélez Sársfield. During the 2009 Clausura, he was part of the squad that won the Argentine league championship, but did not participate in any of the games due to an injury he had suffered at the end of the previous tournament.
Somoza scored for the first time after his injury on a 1–1 draw with Lanús, on the 9th fixture of the 2009 Apertura.
On 14 January 2011, Somoza signed on to play with Boca Juniors. With the xeneizes Somoza won the 2011 Apertura and 2012 Copa Argentina and was runner-up of the 2012 Copa Libertadores.
For the 2013–14 Argentine Primera División season Somoza joined Lanús. With his new club the midfielder won the 2013 Copa Sudamericana, playing all 10 games.
In 2015, Somoza agreed on a free transfer to Vélez Sarsfield, his third spell with the club.

## International career

Somoza debuted for Argentina by then new manager Alfio Basile in the friendly international against Brazil at the Emirates Stadium in London, England during 2006. Two years later, while playing for Vélez, he was called again by Basile for the match against Chile, although he remained on the bench.
After four years, the midfielder rejoined the national team upon Alejandro Sabella's call up to play the Superclásico de las Américas. Sabella also called Somoza for the FIFA World Cup qualifying games against Peru and Uruguay in 2013.

## Managerial career

After working as Miguel Ángel Russo's assistant at Cerro Porteño, Boca Juniors and Al Nassr, Somoza was appointed manager of Rosario Central on 27 March 2022. He resigned on 14 June, and was appointed manager of Aldosivi ten days later.

## Honours
### Vélez Sársfield

* Argentine Primera División: 2005 Clausura, 2009 Clausura

### Boca Juniors

* Argentine Primera División: 2011 Apertura
* Copa Argentina: 2011–12

### Lanús

* Copa Sudamericana: 2013
# Emily Baadsvik

Emily Baadsvik (born April 12, 1983) is a Canadian bobsledder.

## Career highlights
### Olympic Winter Games

    2014 – Sochi, Alternate – Push Athlete, Did Not Compete

### World Championships

    2013 – St. Moritz, 3rd with Kaillie Humphries
    2012 – Lake Placid, 6th with Jennifer Ciochetti

### World Cup Single Events

    2013/2014 – Park City, 13th with Jennifer Ciochetti
    2012/2013 – La Plagne, 13th with Jennifer Ciochetti
    2012/2013 – Park City, 14th with Jennifer Ciochetti
    2011/2012 – La Plagne, 1st with Kaillie Humphries
    2011/2012 – Whistler, 1st with Kaillie Humphries
    2011/2012 – St. Moritz, 4th with Kaillie Humphries
    2011/2012 – Königsee, 2nd with Kaillie Humphries
# Mikhail Nenashev

Mikhail Nenashev (Russian: Михаил Ненашев; 18 March 1960 – 29 August 2021) was a Russian politician. He served as Chairman of the All-Russian Fleet Support Movement [ru] and served in the 5th State Duma from 2007 to 2011. He was also a Captain 1st rank and served on the General Council of the Party of Business.

## Biography

Nenashev was born in Kozlovka [ru] on 18 March 1960. He graduated from Kiev Naval Political College and studied at the Lenin Military-Political Academy from 1990 to 1991. He then graduated from Moscow State University in 1993.
In 1978, Nenashev joined the Northern Fleet as a sailor. He then served as a lieutenant from 1983 to 1986 and subsequently became a Captain 3rd rank in 1991. He became a Captain 2nd rank in 1995 before becoming a Captain 1st rank in 1998. In September 1991, he founded what would become the All-Russian Fleet Support Movement. He was re-elected as Chairman six times.
Nenashev served in the 5th State Duma from 24 December 2007 to 21 December 2011. Although he was an Independent, he was part of the United Russia faction. During his time in office, he served as the Chairman of the Subcommittee on Military-Technical Cooperation. Other political roles he held include Deputy Chairman of the Federal Agency for Maritime and River Transportation, Member of the Public Councils of the Ministry of Defence and the Ministry of Transport, Member of the Chamber of Commerce and Industry of the Russian Federation, Member of the Board of Trustees of Admiral Makarov State University of Maritime and Inland Shipping [ru], and Member of the supervisory board of Saint Petersburg State Marine Technical University.
Mikhail Nenashev died of cardiac arrest in Moscow on 29 August 2021, at the age of 61.
# Bideshak

Bideshak or Bidashk or Bideshk or Bide Shak (Persian: بيدشك) may refer to:
* Bideshk, Ardestan, Isfahan Province
* Bideshk, Shahin Shahr and Meymeh, Isfahan Province
* Bideshak, Khabar, Baft County, Kerman Province
* Bideshk, Kiskan, Baft County, Kerman Province
* Bideshk, Jiroft, Kerman Province
# Trmal Villa

Trmal Villa (Czech: Trmalova vila) is a villa in Prague designed in 1902 by the Czech architect Jan Kotěra in the English Modernist style. The villa has been restored, and is now a museum and cultural centre open to the public and for research. Its architect has been described as the "founder of modern Czech architecture".

## History

Jan Kotěra designed this villa for František Trmal, a leading teacher and inspector of schools, for whom it is still named. Construction began in 1902 and was completed the following year. The building stands on the corner of Vilová and U Nových vil. It was one of Kotera's early designs, and is therefore important since Kotera is regarded as a leading Czech architect and "the founder of modern Czech architecture". In 1911 the original owner sold the villa to Tereza and František Walek, who installed a winter garden and a terrace. The building was subsequently the property of Marta Wálková from 1925 until the end of the Second World War.
In 1945 the villa was recognised to be of national importance, and the State was given ownership in 1950. After this date it was painted red and used as a music school, which accounts for the loss of the original furniture. The villa was badly maintained after the Velvet Revolution until it became the responsibility of the City of Prague. In 2001 a three-year programme of repair was completed, and it was reopened to the public. Today it functions as a centre for architects studying Jan Kotera's legacy, and as a museum. The displays inside explain the architecture of similar buildings and other related themes.

## Description

Although the house has some Czech folk design aspects, its dormer windows, tall chimneys, gable ends with exposed beams and its complex tiled roof establish it as a design based on modern English traditions. The house also has Czech aspects, and ideas from the Arts and Crafts Movement due to the influence of Charles Voysey on Jan Kotěra's ideas. A key point of the design is the craft-built staircase which is decorated with floral-inspired geometric designs on the stairs and the painted beamed ceiling. The staircase gives access to a dining room and living room on the ground floor, and bedrooms and a children's room on the first floor.
The house is still set in the gardens Kotěra designed, although today it is surrounded by houses built after the Second World War. The house was not intended to be surrounded by other buildings, and was designed to allow the owner to keep farm animals in an outside shed. Today the garden still has Kotera's winding pathways leading to open porches, but the original picket fence is no longer there. Originally the house had three entrances.
As part of the European Heritage Days initiative this building was opened to the public in September 2012. In addition the council of Prague 10 and Wikimedia Czech Republic installed a QRpedia code to allow access to this article.