OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Yelena Lapushkina

Yelena Vladimirovna Lapushkina (Russian: Елена Владимировна Лапушкина; born on 17 July 1968) is a Russian politician serving as the head of Samara since 26 December 2017. From 2013 to 2017, she was the head of the administration of the Zheleznodorozhny district of the city of Samara.

## Biography

Yelena Lapushkina was born on 17 July 1968 in the city of Kuibyshev (present-day Samara). She graduated from the Kuibyshev Polytechnic Institute. At the institute, she met the future governor of the Samara Oblast, Dmitry Azarov.
From 1991 to 1992, she was an engineer-technologist of the electroplating shop of the Kuibyshev machine-building production association Metalist.
From 1992 to 2000, she was the Chairman of the Committee for Youth Affairs of the Administration of the Zheleznodorozhny District.
From 2000 to 2007, she was the Head of the Department of Organizational Work of the Zheleznodorozhny District.
From 2007 to 2013, she was the Deputy Head of Administration of the Zheleznodorozhny District.
In June 2013, the head of Samara, Azarov, appointed Lapushkina as the head of the administration of the Zheleznodorozhny district.
On 26 December 2017, following the results of the competition committee of the Duma of the city district of Samara, on the recommendation of Governor Azarov, Lapushkina was elected the Head of the city district of Samara.
In 2018, a case was initiated against the official on grounds of violating antitrust laws. According to Gazbank, on the basis of Article 68 of the Federal Law-131, Lapushkina, as the head of the city, had the right to adopt the Decree "On the establishment of a municipal bank by entering the city administration into the shareholders of Gazbank, however, the city administration and the city duma to revoke the license banks did not respond.
On 4 April 2019, she allowed the liquidation of the municipal passenger motor transport enterprise MP Passazhiravtotrans, which carries out urban passenger transportation in Samara, which, under the rule of the city of Oleg Fursov, accumulated debts. The passenger services market was transferred to a private company Samara Auto Gas LLC (SAG).
On 17 April 2019, at the 14th congress, she was elected chairman of the Association "Council of Municipalities of the Samara Region".

## Status and income

According to income data, in 2016 Lapushkina earned 1.8 million rubles. She also owns an apartment of just over 30 square meters. Information about the income of the spouse and children is not indicated in the declaration.
For 2019, the salary of the Head of the Samara City District is 3.1 million rubles a year and 258 thousand rubles a month. This is 1 million rubles less than the income of the head of Togliatti Sergey Antashev.
In 2021, Elena Lapushkina's official income amounted to 2.7 million rubles, which is 40 thousand rubles more than a year earlier.
# Igor Lebedev

Igor Lebedev (Russian: Игорь Лебедев) may refer to:
* Igor Lebedev (footballer) (born 1978), Russian footballer
* Igor Lebedev (diplomat), Russian diplomat
* Igor Lebedev (politician) (born 1972), Russian politician
# Marlow Bottom

Marlow Bottom is a linear village occupying a valley to the north of Marlow, Buckinghamshire. It is also a civil parish in the Buckinghamshire district having been created in November 2007. Formerly it was part of the parish of Great Marlow.
Marlow Bottom is 25 to 30 minutes walk from the centre of Marlow town, and the river Thames. It has shops, including a newsagent, vet, chemist, dentist, coffee shop, dog grooming parlour, Italian restaurant and fish & chip shop, a large primary school, (Burford School), a private members club (The Barn Club, for valley residents), a village hall and a church which is part of a Local Ecumenical Partnership "The Lantern", where the local Boy Scout and Girl Guide groups and similar voluntary groups meet.

## Education

The primary school in Marlow Bottom is Burford County Combined School. It provides schooling for children aged 4–11, who will go on to either a local grammar school or secondary modern school depending on their results in the eleven-plus exam.

## Points of interest

* Olympic champion rower Steve Redgrave lives in the village, having been born locally and attended local schools.
* The award-winning Rebellion Beer Company has brewed ales in the village since 1993.
* The annual Rock Bottom Music Festival is held every year in the playing fields which started in 2013.
# Franz Aepinus

Franz Ulrich Theodor Aepinus (13 December 1724 – 10 August 1802) was a German mathematician, scientist, and natural philosopher residing in the Russian Empire. Aepinus is best known for his researches, theoretical and experimental, in electricity and magnetism.

## Early life

He was born at Rostock in the Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin. He was descended from Johannes Aepinus (1499–1553), the first to adopt the Greek form (αἰπεινός) of the family name Hugk or Huck, and a leading theologian and controversialist at the time of the Protestant Reformation.

## Career

After studying medicine for a time, Franz Aepinus devoted himself to the physical and mathematical sciences, in which he soon gained such distinction that he was admitted a member of the Prussian Academy of Sciences. In 1755, he was briefly the director of the Astronomisches Rechen-Institut. In 1757, he settled in St Petersburg as member of the Russian Academy of Sciences and professor of physics, and remained there till his retirement in 1798.
The rest of his life was spent at Dorpat. He enjoyed the favor of Empress Catherine II of Russia, who appointed him tutor to her son Paul,$^{:53}$ and endeavored, without success, to establish normal schools throughout the empire under his direction. In 1760, Aepinus was elected a foreign member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences.$^{:49}$

## Works

His principal work, Tentamen Theoriae Electricitatis et Magnetismi (An Attempt at a Theory of Electricity and Magnetism), published at St. Petersburg in 1759, was the first systematic attempt to apply mathematical reasoning to these subjects. He also published a treatise, in 1761, De Distributione Caloris per Tellurem (On the Distribution of Heat in the Earth), and he was the author of memoirs on different subjects in astronomy, mechanics, optics and pure mathematics, contained in the journals of the learned societies of St. Petersburg and Berlin.
His discussion of the effects of parallax in the transit of a planet over the sun's disc excited great interest, having appeared (in 1764) between the dates of the two transits of Venus that took place in the 18th century.

## Electrical theories

Aepinus was the first to show that a theory of action at a distance for electricity provides simple explanation for experimental findings now known as electrostatic induction, laying the foundations for electrostatics$^{:52}$ His theory resembled Newton's approach to gravity in that it relied on unexplained action at a distance; also like Newton Aepinus believed that the transmission of force required contact. These seeming contradictions reflect the modern scientific concept of approximate models of physical phenomena.
Henry Cavendish devised theories of electricity which were essentially the same, yet had been framed without any communication between these two philosophers. Aepinus published his theory about ten years before that of Cavendish. These are theories which eventually put to rest the idea of two fluids.
# Alejandro Amaya

Alejandro Hank Amaya (born 2 August 1977, in Tijuana) is a Mexican matador.
Amaya grew up in Tijuana, Baja California, México, and was educated in the United States. In 2006, ESPN did a special story about Amaya, entitled Haunted By The Horns.
Amaya took his alternativa in Jaén, Spain, on October 18, 2001, at the Feria of San Lucas. His Padrino was Enrique Ponce. His Testigo was "El Juli", with bulls from the ranch of Jandilla. During his alternativa, Amaya received an 8 cm goring, although he finished the bull and was awarded an ear. He took his confirmación in Plaza México, on November 24, 2002.
# Nasir al-Dawla (disambiguation)

Nasir al-Dawla (Arabic: ناصر الدولة, lit. 'Defender of the Dynasty') was a Hamdanid emir of Aleppo in 935–967.
The same honorific title was also borne by:
* Badis ibn al-Mansur (d. 1016), Zirid emir of Ifriqiya in 996–1016
* Nasir al-Dawla ibn Hamdan (d. 1073), great-grandson of the Hamdanid emir and general in Fatimid service
* Nasr al-Dawla Ahmad ibn Marwan (1079–1085), a Marwanid ruler.
* Nasir-ud-Daulah (1794–1857), the Nizam of Hyderabad in 1829–1857
# Chlorophytum borivilianum

Chlorophytum borivilianum is a herb with lanceolate leaves, from tropical wet forests in the peninsular Indian region. It is cultivated and eaten as a leaf vegetable in some parts of India, and its roots are used as a health tonic under the name safed musli. In traditional Indian medicine, it is used as rasayan or adaptogen. It is considered a white gold in Indian systems of medicine. This herb belongs to the vajikaran rasayana group in Ayurveda.
# Monkey Island (book)

Monkey Island is a 1991 children's novel by Paula Fox. It deals with family breakdown and homelessness.

## Plot

11-year-old Clay Garrity's dad, an art director, is out of work; Clay's mother trained for a good job - but it wasn't enough, especially with a baby coming. Unable to cope, Dad disappeared; now, without warning, Clay's distraught mother has also abandoned him, leaving him in an unsavory welfare hotel. When a neighbor suggests calling the police, Clay bolts, afraid that becoming a foster child would mean losing his mother forever. He lands in a park with Buddy, a hard-working young black man who can't earn enough for a rent deposit, and Calvin, a retired teacher who lost everything in a fire. Weeks later, their fragile existence is destroyed by an invasion of raging toughs ("the stump people") who demolish their meager, hard-won amenities and scatter the park's inhabitants. Indirect results include Calvin's death; Clay, weak from malnutrition and exposure, is hospitalized.

## Reception

Kirkus Reviews called the novel "an absorbing, profoundly disturbing but ultimately hopeful story." Publishers Weekly said that "Once again Fox displays her remarkable ability to render life as seen by a sensitive child who has bumped up against harsh circumstances."
# Roden Cutler House

33°52′44″S 151°12′24″E﻿ / ﻿33.878983°S 151.206669°E﻿ / -33.878983; 151.206669
Roden Cutler House is a skyscraper in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. It consists of 19 floors primarily used as office or commercial spaces. Construction finished in 1975 and the building is located at 24 Campbell Street, Sydney. The structure height is 108m and the antenna height is 112m. The building is owned by Ausgrid and the lower floors house the City South substation.
The building is named after Sir Roden Cutler, the longest-serving Governor of New South Wales and a Victoria Cross recipient.
# Longteng Bridge

The Longteng Bridge (traditional Chinese: 龍騰斷橋; simplified Chinese: 龙腾断桥; pinyin: Lóngténg Duànqiáo; Wade–Giles: Lung$^2$-T'êng$^2$ Tuan$^4$-Ch'iao$^2$), officially known as the Yutengping Bridge (魚藤坪斷橋; Yúténg-píng Duànqiáo), is a former bridge in Longteng Village, Sanyi Township, Miaoli County, Taiwan.

## History

The bridge was built in 1906 during Japanese rule, and was named Gyotōhei kyō (魚藤坪橋). It was designed by the American civil engineers Theodore Cooper and C.C. Schneider for the colonial government. Both the bridge and nearby village (modern-day Longteng) were named Gyotōhei (魚藤坪) after a local plant Millettia pachycarpa (Chinese: 魚藤; pinyin: yúténg; Japanese pronunciation: gyotō) believed to be poisonous to fish; legends believed that a malevolent carp in a nearby lake was responsible for misfortune, and residents planted the shrub to counter the carp. The original design consists of a central steel truss flanked by multiple brick masonry arch approaches.
The April 1935 Shinchiku-Taichū earthquake and subsequent aftershocks in July damaged the bridge beyond repair. Several masonry arches were cracked and the north and south ends of the truss became misaligned. A new iron bridge was built in 1938, 80 meters to the west of Longteng Bridge, and the central truss was dismantled once the new bridge opened. Longteng of the bridge's common name is from the name of Longteng Village and gained use after the Japanese handover of Taiwan.
The 1999 921 earthquake caused one of the remaining piers to collapse and as a result, the county government decided to rededicate the bridge's remains as a monument to the two deadliest earthquakes in Taiwan's history. It was placed on the list of Taiwan's Cultural Heritage Assets (Historical Site #KA09602001112) on 25 November 2003.

## Architecture

The 1938 bridge stands at 50 meters tall and 200 meters long, making it the highest iron bridge in Taiwan.
The ruined 1907 bridge piers are covered with white tung tree flowers (桐花; tóng huā) every year from April to May, marking the height of its popularity as a tourist and hiking destination.

## Transportation

The bridge is accessible by taxi south from Sanyi Station of Taiwan Railways Administration.
Between 2010 and 2011, the station was accessible by Yutengping Station, which has since been removed.
# St Maughans

St Maughans (Welsh: Llanfocha) is a village in Monmouthshire, south east Wales, United Kingdom.

## Location

St Maughans is located three miles north west of Monmouth.

## History and amenities

In around 860, Britcon and Iliuc gave Lann Mocha (St Maughans) to Archbishop Dyfrig with the consent of King Meurig ab Arthfael.
St Maughans is close to the River Monnow and the border with England. The parish contains the Hilston Park.
The village has a church dedicated to Saint Maughan, which dates from the 12th or 13th century and has a distinctive local dovecote belfry. The church was much restored by the architect J. P. Seddon in 1865/6.
The village has given its name to the St Maughans Formation, the lowest Devonian rocks of the Old Red Sandstone.
# Betula cordifolia

Betula cordifolia, the mountain paper birch or heartleaf birch (also known as mountain white birch or eastern paper birch) is a birch species native to Eastern Canada and the Northeastern United States. Until recently it was considered a variety of Betula papyrifera (paper birch), with which it shares many characteristics, and it was classified as B. papyrifera var. cordifolia (Regel) Fern.

## Description

Betula cordifolia is a deciduous tree that reaches heights of about 60 feet or 25 m and a trunk diameter of about 30 inches or about 75 cm. Mature bark is white or bronze-white, peeling in thin layers. The inner surface of the bark is copper-coloured and the young bark is shiny brown with pale brown lenticels. The leaves are alternate, ovate, 6–12 cm long, and double-toothed. As the specific epithet suggests, the leaf base is generally cordate (heart-shaped), however this can be misleading as it is occasionally flat or rounded. The leaves are dotted with many resin glands and the buds are ovoid and blunt. The twigs are yellow-brown to dark-brown and are dotted with resin glands and gray lenticels. They lack the hairs found on Betula papyrifera. The flowers are catkins, with pollen catkins 2–4 cm long and seed catkins 1–2 cm long. The seed catkins mature to about 3–5 cm long and bear winged nutlets about 2–3 mm long.

## Distribution

Betula cordifolia is found in Atlantic Canada, Quebec, northwestern Ontario, Northern New York State, and New England. It is generally found in northern habitats or high elevations, particularly on moist ground. It is also found at high elevations on the slopes of the Black Mountains in Western North Carolina.

## Distinctions from Betula papyrifera

Betula cordifolia and Betula papyrifera are very similar species, indeed they were once considered the same species. The primary methods of distinguishing the one from the other include:
* Betula cordifolia is only found in the Eastern part of North America
* Its leaves are dotted with resin glands
* The leaf base is cordate (heart-shaped)
* Young shoots are not hairy.
* It is generally diploid (28 chromosomes)
Since many of these characteristics vary from tree to tree, ideally several of these characteristics should be noted before making a positive identification. It has been suggested that Betula cordifolia and Betula papyrifera hybridise, however this is unlikely given the more recent evidence of different chromosome numbers. The trees make nearly identical bark, sapwood and heartwood. Both species are mainly used for manufactured wood products, such as lumber, plywood, OSB, paper pulp and wood pellets. As processed firewood, both species produce excellent heat, but burn relatively quickly, however with little to no smoke. The most conclusive method of identification is from chromosome analysis.
# Betula grossa

Betula grossa, commonly known as Japanese cherry birch (Japanese: 梓 azusa), is a species of birch native to Japan, where it grows naturally in mixed woodland on hill and mountain slopes in Honshu, Shikoku, and Kyushu. It was introduced to the West in 1896, but remains rare in cultivation.

## Description

Betula grossa is conical in outline, but its most distinctive feature is its cherry-like bark, with horizontal stripes of reddish-grey becoming dark grey with age, exfoliating in thin papery curls. The dark green leaves are up to 10 cm long and turn golden-yellow in autumn. The shoots are aromatic, and carry long, yellow-brown, male catkins in early spring. . The species is considered closely related to the American birch Betula lenta. Hardiness: RHS H4.
# British Aerospace P.125

The British Aerospace P.125 was a British supersonic STOVL multirole combat aircraft being developed in the 1980s. The project was cancelled in the 1990s. The existence of the project was revealed by BAE Systems in 2006.

## Development

The British Hawker P.1154 was one of several solutions submitted by European countries to the 1960 NATO NBMR-3 requirement for a supersonic strike fighter. 1960 also saw the first flight of the subsonic VSTOL Hawker P.1127. The P.1154 was cancelled in 1965, but studies continued into the possibility that the Harrier or Jaguar could be replaced by a supersonic STOVL aircraft.
In the 1980s the British MoD and the US DoD both conducted studies into lift jet solutions. The US studies eventually led to the F-35 Lightning II. In 1988 the Tornado-sized P.125 design was intended to meet the requirements for a supersonic stealthy STOVL interdictor. There were to be non-STOVL and STOVL variants of the P.125. Both had a single reheated (afterburning) turbofan with a vectorable rear nozzle. The STOVL variant would have maintained vertical flight using three jet lift nozzles. The pilot of the P.125 would have sat highly reclined supine position in a synthetic display cockpit with an array of cameras and would not have had direct sight of the outside world. The have not glass cockpit was enclosed but would increase stealth characteristics and would block out the potential Soviet threat of dazzling laser weapons. In the 1990s the UK government decided to join the JSF (now F-35) programme rather than continue the P.125.
# Šťastný

Šťastný (pronounced) is a Czech and Slovak surname which literally means "happy". The feminine form of the surname is Šťastná.
Spelling variants include Stiastny/Stiastna, Stiasny/Stiasna, Stiassny/Stiassna, etc..
The surname may refer to:
In sports:
* The Šťastný family of ice hockey:
** First generation (all brothers):
*** Marián Šťastný (born 1953), Slovak–Canadian winger
*** Peter Šťastný (born 1956), Slovak–Canadian Hall of Fame centre; also notable as a politician in Slovakia
*** Anton Šťastný (born 1959), Slovak–Canadian winger
** Second generation (both sons of Peter):
*** Yan Stastny (Ján Šťastný) (born 1982), Canadian–American centre
*** Paul Stastny (Pavol Šťastný) (born 1985), Canadian–American centre
* Andrej Šťastný (born 1991), Slovak professional ice hockey player (not related to the above family)
* Bohuslav Šťastný (born 1949), retired Czech professional ice hockey player (also unrelated to the Slovak Šťastný family)
* František Šťastný (1927 − 2000), Czech Grand Prix motorcycle racer
* Jarmila Šťastná, Czech speed skater
* Jiří Šťastný, Czech basketball player
* Leopold Šťastný (1911 − 1996), Slovak football (soccer) player and trainer
* Jan Šťastný (canoeist) (born 1970), Czech canoeist
In the arts:
* Bohumil Šťastný (1905 − 1991), Czech photographer
* Jan Šťastný (violoncellist) (c. 1764 − ?), Czech composer and cellist
* Jan Šťastný (actor) (born 1965), Czech actor
* Marie Šťastná (born 1981), Czech poet
* Vladimír Šťastný (1841 − 1910), Czech priest and poet

## Stiasny

* Franz Stiasny (1881 - 1941), Austrian medal maker
* Edmund Stiasny, the namesake of the Stiasny's method for analysis of tannins

## Stiassny

* Wilhelm Stiassny (1842, Preßburg - 1910 Bad Ischl), a Jewish Hungarian-Austrian architect
* Ignaz Stiaßny (1849 - 1909), Austrian theatre director and -agent
* Robert Stiassny (1862, Vienna - 1917), Austrian art historian
* Felix Stiassny (1867 - 1938), Austrian industrialist
* Rudolf Viktor Stiaßny (pseudonym: Viktor Staal; 1909, Frankstadt (Czech: Frenštát pod Radhoštěm), Moravia - 1982), Moravian-Austrian actor
* Alfred Stiassny, Austrian Professor of the Wirtschaftsuniversität Wien
* Melanie Stiassny (b.1953), German ichthyologist
# Dave McCall

Dave McCall (born 15 April 1987) is a former Scotland 7s international rugby union player, previously with Glasgow Warriors and Edinburgh.

## Rugby Union career
### Amateur career

He started with Stewart's Melville, where he impressed, becoming an apprentice at Edinburgh Rugby.
He played for Heriots while at Edinburgh University. He won Man of the Match in the Scottish Cup final of 2007 in Heriots match against Melrose. In his first season with Glasgow Warriors he was also assigned to Heriots in the Pro Player Draft.
In 2010-11 season he was assigned to Melrose in the draft.
At the start of 2011-12 season he was assigned to Glasgow Hawks. However by the end of 2011, he had moved to England.

### Professional career

He played for Edinburgh from 2005 to 2007. When Edinburgh was taken from the Bob Carruthers run franchise back into the SRU's hands McCall was released in a cost-cutting measure.
On the back of his Scottish Cup final performance for Heriots Glasgow Warriors boss Sean Lineen offered McCall a training contract. He played for Glasgow Warriors from 2009 to 2011, making his contract full time in 2010. He has the Warrior No. 176.
He moved to Rotherham at the end of 2011 and played for Rotherham Titans from 2011 to 2012.
He played for London Scottish from 2012 to 2013.

### International career

He was capped by Scotland U19s.
He was also capped by Scotland Club XV.
He has been capped by Scotland 7s.
# Javier González (racing driver)

Javier Gonzalez Caceres (born September 6, 1962, in Mexico) is a professional racecar driver. He is best known internationally for his part-season drive in the Barber Dodge Pro Series season of 2002. He also enjoys sponsoring Mexican children..

## Complete motorsports results
### American Open-Wheel racing results

(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position, races in italics indicate fastest race lap)

#### Barber Dodge Pro Series

| Year | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | Rank | Points |
| 2002 | SEB 12 | LRP | LAG 14 | POR 11 | TOR | CLE | VAN | MDO 16 | ROA | MTL 7 | 20th | 20 |