OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Pogradec District

Pogradec District (Albanian: Rrethi i Pogradecit) was one of the 36 districts of Albania, which were dissolved in July 2000 and replaced by 12 newly created counties. It had a population of 70,900 in 2001, and an area of 725 km$^2$ (280 sq mi). It is in the east of the country, and its capital was the city of Pogradec. The area of the former district is coextensive with the present municipality of Pogradec, which is part of Korçë County.

## Administrative divisions

The district consisted of the following municipalities:
* Buçimas
* Çërravë
* Dardhas
* Pogradec
* Proptisht
* Trebinjë
* Udënisht
* Velçan
Note: - urban municipalities in bold

## Places

* Alarup
* Blacë
* Bletas
* Mëmëlisht
* Peshkëpi
* Pogradec
* Udënisht
# Pembe

Pembe (Macedonian: Пембе) is a Macedonian circle dance (oro) from the region of Veles.
It is a mixed man and woman dance with steady movements on whole feet with a characteristic movement of the heels. The dance begins slow and speeds up toward the end. The dancers hold hands up, on a level with the shoulders. They begin their dance in a position of a half circle. The dance rhythm is $^2$ $_4$.
# Michael Noonan (linguist)

Michael Noonan (September 12, 1947 – February 23, 2009), was an American linguist specializing in functional and typological linguistics. He graduated from UCLA with a PhD in Linguistics in 1981. He specialized in particular in Tibeto-Burman, Nilotic (Lango languages, the Chantyal language, and the Nar Phu language.
# Hi Uncle Sam

Hi Uncle Sam! is a poem by Irish poet Rev. William Forbes Marshall. It asks of Americans that they remember the input and support of immigrants from Ulster on the United States throughout the American Revolution.
The poem was published in Marshall's book, Ulster Sails West, which was published in 1911. A mural in Newtownards displays a verse of the poem. The poem was also put to music and recorded by the Ulster Scots Folk Orchestra and verse was used by the Public Record Office of Northern Ireland in their Emigration Series publication.
The "Uncle Sam" of title refers to the later personification of the United States.

## Lyrics

For historical references and context, click on the highlighted words or phrases.
Hi Uncle Sam! When freedom was denied you, And imperial might defied you, Who was it stood beside you At Quebec and Brandywine?
And dared retreats and dangers, Red-coats and Hessian strangers, In the lean, long-rifled Rangers, And the Pennsylvania Line!
Hi! Uncle Sam! Wherever there was fighting, Or wrong that needed writing, An Ulsterman was sighting His Kentucky gun with care:
All the road to Yorktown, From Lexington to Yorktown, From Valley Forge to Yorktown, That Ulsterman was there!
Hi! Uncle Sam! Virginia sent her brave men, The North paraded grave men, That they might not be slavemen, But ponder this with calm:
The first to face the Tory, And the first to lift Old Glory, Made your war an Ulster story: Think it over, Uncle Sam!
# Queen of Cups

The Queen of Cups is a card used in Latin-suited playing cards (Italian, Spanish, and tarot decks). It is the queen from the suit of cups. In Tarot, it is part of what tarot card readers call the "Minor Arcana".
Tarot cards are used throughout much of Europe to play tarot card games. In English-speaking countries, where the games are largely unknown, tarot cards came to be utilized primarily for divinatory purposes.
# Czech Red rabbit

The Czech Red (Czech: Český červený králík) is a domestic rabbit breed from what is now the Czech Republic. It was officially recognized in 1959. It weighs about 2.50 to 3.20 kg. The colour of the hair is gray or red-brown. It was selected by Theodor Svododa from Modřany in 1940. There are about 150 officially registered animals bred. The male has a semi-arch body and the female has a commercial body.
# Guillaume Philippe Benoist

Guillaume Philippe Benoist (1725–70) was a French engraver, who spent the later part of his life in England.

## Life

Benoist was born near Coutances, Normandy, in 1725. He lived in London during the later part of his life, and died there in 1770. He engraved some portraits, and a few other subjects. Writing in the late 18th century, Joseph Strutt noted that "he chiefly confined himself to small plates, which he executed in a fine style, though with little taste."

## Works

The following plates are by him:

### Portraits

* Galileo Galilei after F. Villamena.
* The President de Montesquieu.
* Alexander Pope.
* Rosen de Rosenstein, physician.
* Sir Isaac Newton.
* Blaise Pascal.
* Albert Haller.
* Mlle. Clairon, actress.
* Jacques Andre Joseph Aved, painter after Aved.

## Subjects

* Jupiter and Juno after Giuliano di Parma.
* Bathsheba bathing after Bonnieu.
# Glumovo, Saraj

Glumovo (Macedonian: Глумово, Albanian: Gllumovë) is a village in the municipality of Saraj, North Macedonia.

## Demographics

According to the 2021 census, the village had a total of 2.153 inhabitants. Ethnic groups in the village include:
* Albanians 2.060
* Bosniaks 32
* Macedonians 1
* Others 59
| Year | Macedonian | Albanian | Turks | Romani | Vlachs | Serbs | Bosniaks | Others | Total |
| 2002 | 4 | 1.646 | 1 | ... | ... | 1 | 28 | 3 | 1.683 |
| 2021 | 1 | 2.060 | ... | ... | ... | ... | 32 | 59 | 2.152 |
# Battle of Tannach

The Battle of Tannach (Blare Tannie or Blar-Tannie, Scottish Gaelic: Tannach Moor) was a Scottish clan battle fought about 3 miles (4.8 km) southwest of Wick, in the far north of Scotland. It was fought between men of the Clan Keith and Clan Mackay from Strathnaver against men of the Clan Gunn and possibly their allies the Clan Oliphant and Clan Sutherland from Caithness. The date is uncertain, it was probably in 1464 but may have been in 1438.

## Background

The cause of the battle seems to have been a claim made by one of the Oliphants, then allies of the Sutherlands of Duffus, to some lands held by the Keiths. The lands were later granted to the Oliphants by King James IV. Also, the Keiths requiring the assistance of the Mackays indicates that they were opposed by a powerful force.

## Accounts of the Battle
### Sir Robert Gordon

Sir Robert Gordon (1580–1656) wrote an account of the battle in his book the Genealogical History of the Earldom of Sutherland:
   About the year 1464, some serious disputes had arisen between Keith of Ackergill and the Guns and other inhabitants of Caithness. The Keiths, mistrusting their own forces, they sent to Angus Mackay (the son of Niel-Wasse) intreating him to come to their aid; whereunto he easily conescended. Then did the inhabitants of Caithness convene in all haste, and met the Strathnaver men and the Keiths, at a place in Caithness called Blare Tannie, i.e The Moor of Tanach. There ensued a cruel fight, with great slaughter on either side. In the end the Keiths had the victory, by the means chiefly of John-More-MacK-Ean-Reawich, who is very famous in these countries for his valour and manhood shewn at this conflict.

### Conflicts of the Clans

Another account of the battle was written in the book Conflicts of the Clans first published by the Foulis Press in 1764, written from a manuscript from the time of King James VI of Scotland (1566 - 1625): In this account battle is dated as taking place in 1438:
   About the year of God 1438, there fell some variance betwixt the Keiths and some others of the inhabitants of Caithness. The Keiths, mistrusting their own forces, sent to Angus Mackay of Strathnaver (the son of Neil Wasse), entreating him to come to their aid, whereunto he easily yielded; so Angus Mackay, accompanied with John Mor MacIan-Riabhaich, went into Caithness with a band of men, and invaded that country. Then did the inhabitants of Caithness assemble in all haste, and met the Strathnaver men and the Keiths at a place in Caithness called Blair-tannie. There ensued a cruel fight, with slaughter on either side. In the end the Keiths had the victory, by means chiefly of John Mor MacIan-Riabhaich (an Assynt man), who was very famous in these countries for his manhood shown at this conflict. Two chieftains and leaders of the inhabitants of Caithness were slain, with divers others. This Angus Mackay, here mentioned, was afterward burnt and killed in the Church of Tarbat, by a man of the surname of Ross, whom he had often molested with incursions and invasions.
# Communauté de communes Terre d'eau

The Communauté de communes Terre d'eau is an administrative association of rural communes in the Vosges department of eastern France. It was created on 1 January 2017 by the merger of the former Communauté de communes de Bulgnéville entre Xaintois et Bassigny, Communauté de communes de Vittel-Contrexéville and the commune Thuillières. It consists of 45 communes, and has its administrative offices at Bulgnéville. Its area is 415.2 km$^2$, and its population was 17,536 in 2019.

## Composition

The communauté de communes consists of the following 45 communes:
* Aingeville
* Aulnois
* Auzainvilliers
* Bazoilles-et-Ménil
* Beaufremont
* Belmont-sur-Vair
* Bulgnéville
* Contrexéville
* Crainvilliers
* Dombrot-sur-Vair
* Domèvre-sous-Montfort
* Domjulien
* Estrennes
* Gemmelaincourt
* Gendreville
* Hagnéville-et-Roncourt
* Haréville
* Houécourt
* Malaincourt
* Mandres-sur-Vair
* Médonville
* Monthureux-le-Sec
* Morville
* La Neuveville-sous-Montfort
* Norroy
* Offroicourt
* Parey-sous-Montfort
* Remoncourt
* Rozerotte
* Saint-Ouen-lès-Parey
* Saint-Remimont
* Sandaucourt
* Saulxures-lès-Bulgnéville
* Sauville
* Suriauville
* They-sous-Montfort
* Thuillières
* Urville
* La Vacheresse-et-la-Rouillie
* Valfroicourt
* Valleroy-le-Sec
* Vaudoncourt
* Vittel
* Viviers-lès-Offroicourt
* Vrécourt
# Sam Caldwell

Samuel Shepherd Caldwell (November 4, 1892 – August 14, 1953), was a Louisiana oilman and politician who served as mayor of Shreveport, Louisiana, from 1934 to 1946.
Caldwell was an unusually staunch segregationist even for the era in the Deep South. In 1943, Caldwell chose to turn down $67,000 in federal funds for a new medical center because it would have required hiring 12 blacks out of every 100 workers. (Shreveport was 37% African American in the 1940 census.) "We are not going to be bribed by federal funds," Caldwell explained, "to accept the negro as our political or social equal"; federal officials would not "cram the negro down our throats."
# Vieux-Vy-sur-Couesnon

Vieux-Vy-sur-Couesnon (French pronunciation:, literally Vieux-Vy on Couesnon; Breton: Henwig-ar-C'houenon; Gallo: Vioez-Vic) is a commune in the Ille-et-Vilaine department in Brittany in northwestern France.

## Geography

Vieux-Vy-sur-Couesnon is located on the Couesnon River 33 km northeast of Rennes and 35 km (22 mi) south of Mont Saint-Michel.
The neighboring communes are Romazy, Chauvigné, Saint-Christophe-de-Valains, Saint-Ouen-des-Alleux, Mézières-sur-Couesnon, Gahard, and Sens-de-Bretagne.

## History

The name Vieux-Vy-sur-Couesnon probably comes from the Latin Vetus Victus, "old market town." The settlement has had this name since at least 1063.

## Economy

Industries:
* Silver-lead ore was mined in the 19th century at a place called Brais. The mine was closed in 1956.
* A granite quarry is still in operation in the northeast, not far from the former mine site.

## Population

Inhabitants of Vieux-Vy-sur-Couesnon are called Vieuxviciens in French.

## Transportation

The village is served by just one bus route, the Rennes/Antrain line.

## Sights

* The Saint-Germain church, most of which dates from the seventeenth century, although certain parts date from the eleventh century. The organ was installed in 1883.
* The Chateau of Moulinet, dating from the nineteenth century.
* The Grotto of Brais (dedicated to the Virgin Mary).
* Within the village boundaries there are seven watermills on the Couesnon river. These are mainly paper mills.
* The cyclopean Wall of Orange (from the Iron Age).
* A trough-shaped granite sarcophagus, first mentioned in 1020, located at the door to the church.
# Aralluy

Aralluy (Persian: ارالوي), also rendered as Arallu, may refer to:
* Aralluy-e Bozorg, "Greater Aralluy", a village in Ardabil Province, Iran
* Aralluy-e Kuchek, "Lesser Aralluy", a village in Ardabil Province, Iran
# Paw feet

Paw feet or claw feet are ornamental animal like feet attached to furniture making and design. It describes the terminals on the legs of furniture that resemble the feet of animals. Lions and dogs are two of the most popular types. It was used from ancient times through the Renaissance. Paw feet could be found on anything from tables to chests. Today it is common to see paw feet on faux antique bathtubs.
# Astrakhan Kazakhs

Astrakhan Kazakhs (Russian: Астраханские казахи, Kazakh: астрахандық қазақтар) are people of Kazakh ethnicity originating from or living in the historically Central Asian city and region of Astrakhan in South-Western Russia. The Kazakhs of the neighboring regions of Volgograd and Kalmykia share history and culture with Astrakhan Kazakhs and are often considered a part of them. They are the second biggest ethnic group in Astrakhan Oblast, making up about 16% of its population. Their demographic situation is stable and their number and percentage are growing, unlike those of many other population groups including ethnic Russians.

## Language

Astrakhan Kazakhs generally speak Western dialects of the Kazakh language, but in bigger villages and towns language shift to Russian is becoming more and more common. Many rural schools offer standard Kazakh as a non-mandatory subject, using textbooks imported from Kazakhstan.
Astrakhan dialects of Russian are noticeably influenced by Kazakh and differ considerably from the Central Russian spoken in Moscow and its surroundings.
# Shabab Nazal SC

Shabab Nazal Sports Club (Arabic: نادي شباب نزال الرياضي) is a Jordanian football club based in Hay Nazzal, Amman Governorate, within the city of Amman. It currently competes in the Jordanian First Division League, the fourth tier of Jordanian football.

## History

Shabab Nazal SC was founded in 2008, with Nazzal Ahmed Al-Armouti as the club's first president. Its plan was to launch the football, basketball, volleyball and handball teams at launch. Al-Armouti was noted as president of the club as of May 2016.
Shabab Nazal was promoted to the Jordanian Second Division League in 2022, which it got relegated that same season.
During that season, Shabab Nazal had participated in the 2022 Jordan FA Cup for the first time as a club. They were placed in the preliminary round alongside all other Jordanian second division clubs, where it faced Al-Taibah. It beat the club 5–3 on penalties, after a 0–0 draw after full-time. It then faced Jordanian Pro League side Shabab Al-Ordon, where Shabab Nazal subsequently lost 3–0.
# Kotyaevka

Kotyaevka (Kazakh: Котяевка, Kotiaevka) is a small village situated on the right bank of the Kigash River in the Kurmangazy District of Atyrau Region, Kazakhstan. Geographical coordinates are: Latitude (DMS): 46° 32' 40 N, Longitude (DMS): 48° 45' 20 E.
It is located in 30 kilometers from Ganyushkino, administrative centre of Kurmangazy district. Kotyaevka is situated on the Kazakhstan's western border with Russia.
From October 2007 Kurmangazy single check-point has started to operate for all those crossing Kazakhstani-Russian border. The opening ceremony of the check point was held in September 2007 and was attended by Russian Prime Minister Viktor Zubkov and his Kazakh counterpart Karim Massimov.

## Sources

* KazIndex, Atyrau Province Book
* Government of Kazakhstan website
46°33′N 48°45′E﻿ / ﻿46.550°N 48.750°E﻿ / 46.550; 48.750
# Dioscorea composita

Dioscorea composita, or barbasco, is a species of yam in the family Dioscoreaceae. It is native to Mexico. It is notable for its role in the production of diosgenin, which is a precursor for the synthesis of hormones such as progesterone. Russell Marker developed the extraction and manufacture of hormones from D. mexicana at Syntex, starting the trade of D. composita in Mexico. Marker also discovered that the composita variety had a much higher content of diosgenin than the mexicana variety, and therefore it came to replace the latter in the production of synthetic hormones.

## Chemical constituents

Steroidal sapogenin, diosgenin.

## Medicinal use

It is a source of diosgenin, which is used to prepare synthetic hormones such as progesterone and cortisone. Diosgenin extracted from Dioscorea composita was instrumental in the development of the combined oral contraceptive pill in the 1960s – and also for the development of cortisone treatments of arthritis. Studies on Diosgenin say that it has effect on diabetic neuropathy.
Before becoming used industrially the tuber was used by Chinantec healers in northern Oaxaca as an abortifacient and in cures for aching joints. It was also used by chinantecs as a poison for fishing in the Papaloapan river, and is also mentioned in use for this purpose in the Popol Vuh, the sacred book of the K'iche maya.
# Luigi Agnesi

Luigi Agnesi (17 July 1833 – 2 February 1875) was a Belgian operatic bass-baritone, conductor and composer.

## Life and career

Born Louis Ferdinand Leopold Agniez in Namur, Agnesi graduated from the Royal Conservatory of Brussels in 1853. There he had studied with Charles-Marie-François Bosselet (harmony) and the François-Joseph Fétis (music composition). Shortly after graduating, he won the Belgian Prix de Rome which enabled him to pursue further studies in Italy for two years. His only opera composition, Hermold le Normand, premiered unsuccessfully at La Monnaie in 1858.
Frusturated with his composition career, Agniez decided to reorient himself towards a singing career. In 1861 he entered the Paris Conservatoire where he studied singing for the next three years under Gilbert Duprez. He made his professional opera debut in 1864 as Assur in Gioachino Rossini's Semiramide at the Théâtre-Italien in Paris. In 1865 he made his London debut at Her Majesty's Theatre, and thereafter his career was mainly centered in that city. He was highly active at the Royal Opera House and the Theatre Royal, Drury Lane up until his death in 1875 at the age of 41. He was particularly admired in England as King Henry VIII in Gaetano Donizetti's Anna Bolena and Alfonso in Donizetti's Lucrezia Borgia.
# Giuseppe Domenichelli

Giuseppe Domenico Riccardo Domenichelli (31 July 1887 – 13 March 1955), was an Italian gymnast who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics and in the 1920 Summer Olympics. He was born in Bologna. He was part of the Italian team, which won the gold medal in the gymnastics men's team European system event in 1912 and 1920.
# Group A (Finland)

Group A (Finnish: A-ryhmä) is an anti-authoritarian political group based in Helsinki that organizes demonstrations and political campaigns, among other things. It is part of the Platform, a national anarchist organization in Finland, of which it was a founding member. The "task force" was set up over social media in 2006.
The group has organized lectures, demonstrations and political campaigns, aiming to make anarchist action easily approachable. It also offers food in a folk kitchen and publishes a magazine called Igniter. The group has operated on the premises of the Student Union of the University of Helsinki. Many of its members are also students at the University of Helsinki.
Well-known people who have worked in Group A include Antti Rautiainen and Suvi Auvinen.

## Ideas and values

Group A saw in 2014 that the state was waging a class war for the rich. The group holds that Finland's national unity is an illusion and that Finnishness corresponded only to the values of the white middle class. The group saw the activities of the Confederation of Finnish Industries as declaring strikes effectively illegal, the purpose of which was to guarantee the property of the owning class at the expense of others. In place of the capitalist system, Group A strives for the implementation of direct democracy in Finland.

## Demonstrations and political activity
### Labor movement support activities

Group A has organized and participated in the May Day marches for several years, demonstrating against a hierarchical class society. In 2014, police destroyed Group A anarchist flags at the demonstration in Vappu, claiming they were being used as weapons. The incident caused a stir in the media, as police had also destroyed the red flags of the Left Youth.
In 2015, Group A supported a trade union's strike action by stopping a bus transport for strike breakers. As part of a major demonstration against government blackmail, trade unions had cut off the Helsinki Metro. Police action against Group A protesters was violent, with the police strangling the protesters. But the police denied these allegations.

### Antifascism

In addition to the Crow Network, Group A was a supporter of the Helsinki Without Nazis demonstrations. The 2018 procession, which gathered 2,000 to 3,000 participants, flew red-black anarchist flags at the head of the demonstration. Group A also donated a white sheet to Olli Immonen, who was temporarily suspended from Finns Party because of racism, in a reference to the costume of the Ku Klux Klan.

### Action against cuts and poverty

In a protest against pension cuts, in 2015, there was an anarchist bloc organized by Group A. In 2014, the group took part in a "Class Trip" from the Suburbs to the Castle on Independence Day, which involved a lot of damage, such as vandalizing a dozen cars and destroying the windows of several shops. The demonstration set off from Itäkeskus and sought access to the Presidential Palace for the Independence Day Reception.
# Viduše

Viduše (Macedonian: Видуше) is a village in the municipality of Mavrovo and Rostuša, North Macedonia.

## Demographics

Viduše has traditionally been inhabited by a Torbeš population.
According to the 1942 Albanian census, Viduše was inhabited by 367 Muslim Albanians.
According to the 2002 census, the village had a total of 185 inhabitants. Ethnic groups in the village include:
* Macedonians 199
* Turks
* Albanians
# Viktor Shamirov

Viktor Valeryevich Shamirov (Russian: Виктор Валерьевич Шамиров; born 24 May 1966) is a Russian film director, screenwriter, producer and actor.

## Biography

Victor was born in Rostov-on-Don. He served in the army, after which he entered the Faculty of Mechanics and Mathematics. He worked in the theater Epos as a handyman. He put on the lights, mounted the scenery and rehearsed with the actors. In 1992 he moved to Moscow, where he graduated from the directing department and began working as a theater director and actor. Since 2006, he has been directing films.

## Filmography (selected)

* Dikari (2006)
* The Practice of Beauty (2011)
* And Here's What's Happening to Me (2012)
* Game of Truth (2013)
* Directly Kakha (2020)
# Farhang Khosropanah

Farhang Khosropanah (Persian: فرهنگ خسروپناه) was an Iranian sports shooter. He competed in two events at the 1948 Summer Olympics.

## Olympic results

| Year | Event | Score | Rank |
| 1948 | 50 m rifle prone | 545 | 69 |
| 1948 | 300 m rifle 3 positions | 472 | 36 |
# Dibebad

Dibebad (Arabic: ديبيباد), or Debibad, is a town in South Kordofan, Sudan. It is located 56 kilometres (35 mi) north of Dalang. It has been a site of conflict, with the Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF) and the Rapid Support Forces (RSF) involved in heavy fighting. On 8 January 2024, SAF warplanes attacked RSF positions in Dibebad.
During the war in Sudan which started on 15 April 2023 and in June 2023, the town of Debibad was raided by paramilitaries of the RSF and by large groups of gunmen on subsequent days. The entire town was plundered, and three women were raped. On June 22, 2023, heavy fighting took place between the SAF and the paramilitary RSF at the Teiba military base, 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) south of Debibad. The battle resulted in the loss of approximately 40 army personnel, four paramilitaries of the RSF, and numerous injuries on both sides. The RSF reportedly conducted a victory parade inside Debibad, in a "display of triumph".
The road between Delling and Kadugli, the capital of South Kordofan, is still closed due to security reasons. This has led to long lines of vehicles in Delling, waiting to continue to other places in the state or to the South Sudanese border.