OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# House of Officers (Almaty)

The House of Officers (Kazakh: Офицерлер үйі) is a military/cultural building in Almaty, Kazakhstan. It serves troops and other personnel of the Almaty Military Garrison. Currently, the building houses the Museum of the Great Patriotic War, as well as other small organizations. From 1995–2012, the building housed the Central Military Band of the Ministry of Defense of Kazakhstan. Since November 1993, the building has been part the Almaty State Historical-Architectural and Memorial Reserve.

## Building

The building was erected in 1978 in front of the eastern entrance to Park of 28 Panfilov Guardsmen. The main 4-story building is made in a monolithic reinforced concrete frame with brick filled walls. The facade of the building leads to the Eternal Flame of the Glory Memorial, which is decorated with chased copper and white marble colonnade.
The building includes the following halls:
* Concert hall
* Lecture hall
* Cinema
* Restaurant
* Dance hall
* Rehearsal halls
* Art studio
* Administrative rooms
# Zoological Museum of Samarkand State University

Zoological Museum of Samarkand State University named after Alisher Navoi is one of the largest history museums in Uzbekistan. It is a part of Samarkand State University named after Alisher Navoi, located in Samarkand. The scientific collections of the museum currently have more than 5,000 exhibits. Several thousand people visit the museum every year. It is part of the Faculty of Natural Sciences and the museum is located in the Department of Zoology.

## History

The Samarkand Zoological Museum was founded in 1934 by the famous Soviet zoologist and local historian Sergey Konstantinovich Dal and his brother Povarov.

## Description

The total area of the museum is 270 square meters, of which 140 m$^2$ is allocated for exposition and 120 m$^2$ for holdings. The exhibition hall of the museum also occupies the conference hall of the faculty of natural sciences. Birds, reptiles, fish and insects included in the "Red Book" of Uzbekistan and other countries are displayed in the museum. Among the exhibits there are species of fauna that have completely disappeared.
The museum exhibits the skeleton of a female elephant that once lived in one of the Soviet zoos. During World War II, the zoo and the city ended up in German-occupied territory. The Germans soon took the elephant to the Berlin Zoo, but after the war it was returned to the USSR at the request of the Soviet government. In 1975, an elephant died (probably of old age) during the relocation of the animals, and its body was dumped on the steppe. After learning that the elephant's body was simply abandoned, the museum staff found it and took it to the museum after processing the bones. It soon became clear that no one knew how to assemble the skeleton. In this regard, a special delegation went to Leningrad to clarify the location of the bones and number them according to the collection scheme. Since then, the skeleton has been kept in this museum.
# Hum Dum

Hum Dum is a 2005 Bollywood romantic-drama film directed by Kushan Nandy and produced by Kushan Nandy and Kiran Shroff under the banner of Sarvodaya Visuals. It features actors Romit Raj and Anjana in the lead roles. Sujeet–Rajesh scored the music for the film.

## Cast

* Anjana as Rutu Joshi
* Romit Raj as Siddhant Dey
* Tanvi Azmi
* Benjamin Gilani
* Ranvir Shorey
* Shammi
* Prithvi Zutshi
* Jaidev Hattangadi
* Om Katare

## Music

The soundtrack of the film was composed by Sujeet–Rajesh. Lyrics were written by Surendra Mishra and Shaheen Iqbal.
All lyrics are written by Surendra Mishra, Shaheen Iqbal; all music is composed by Sujeet–Rajesh
# Directorate General for Civil Aviation (Croatia)

The Republic of Croatia Directorate General for Civil Aviation (DGCA, Croatian: Uprava zračnog prometa) was a government agency of Croatia, headquartered in Zagreb. It manages aspects of civil aviation in Croatia.
Under the Act on Amendments to the Air Traffic Act of the 25th of April 2007, its functions were transferred to the Croatian Civil Aviation Agency
# Trolleybuses in Novosibirsk

The Novosibirsk trolleybus system (Russian: Новосибирский троллейбус) is part of the public transport network of Novosibirsk, Russia. The system opened on 6 November 1957.

## History

A test drive took place on November 6, 1957. Regular passenger service began the next day.
In 1957, 10 trolleybuses operated in the city. By the end of 1957, 17 trolleybuses operated. By 1958, the number of trolleybuses increased to 45.

## Current status

The system consists of 14 routes (№ 2, 4, 5, 7, 8, 10, 13, 22, 23, 24, 26, 29, 35, and 36).
The trolleybus fleet is represented by such "classic'" trolleybuses as Soviet ZiU-9, and ZiU-10, Russian BTZ-5276-01, Trolza-5265.00, Trolza-5275.05, and Trolza-5275.06, Belarusian AKSM-101A, and AKSM-101M. In 2011-2012, trolleybuses ST-6217M with battery packs, manufactured by Novosibirsk factory Liotech, were tested. Experiment had ended when Liotech was declared insolvent. In 2022, municipal authorities decided to repeat the experiment with new trolleybuses with battery packs - UTTZ-6241.01.
# Hajji Yuseflu

Hajji Yuseflu (Persian: حاجي يوسف لو) may refer to:
* Hajji Yuseflu-ye Olya
* Hajji Yuseflu-ye Sofla
# Priozyornoye (Akmola Region)

Priozyornoye (Kazakh: Приозёрное; Russian: Приозёрное) is a settlement in Sandyktau District, Akmola Region, Kazakhstan. It is the head of the Zhambyl rural district (KATO code - 116443100). Population: 675 (2009 Census results); 856 (1999 Census results).

## Geography

Priozyornoye is located by the shore of lake Zhaksy-Zhalgyztau, 36 kilometers (22 mi) to the west of Balkashino, the administrative center of the district. Zhaksy-Zhalgyztau village lies 7 kilometers (4.3 mi) away, by the northeastern lakeshore.
# Arthur Kett Barclay

Arthur Kett Barclay FRS, FRAS, FRGS, FGS (Bury Hill, Derbyshire, 20 June 1806 – 20 November 1869, Bury Hill, Dorking, Surrey) was a member of the Meteorological Society.

## Biography
### Early life

Barclay attended Harrow School after a period of private tutoring. At the age of twenty (in 1826) he joined Barclay, Perkins & Co. brewers of Southwark, London. He travelled through Europe between 1829 and 1833.

### Marriage and children

Arthur married Maria Octavia Wright (ca. 1806–??) on an unknown date and had the following children.
* Robert Barclay (1837–1913)
* Reverend Charles Wright Barclay (1853–1926)

### Astronomy

In 1848 Arthur Kett Barclay built his own astronomical observatory at Bury Hill, Dorking, Surrey. The revolving dome was made by Ransomes & May of Ipswich and the eight-inch (203mm) aperture refracting telescope was by Troughton & Simms of London

## Philosophical and/or political views

Barclay supported the Conservative Party, but "would never consent to be brought forward as a candidate". He was also a magistrate and deputy lieutenant for the county of Surrey.

## Honours, decorations, awards and distinctions

* Fellow of the Geological Society from 1827
* Master of the Worshipful Company of Brewers in 1840
* Fellow of the Royal Geographical Society from 1840
* Fellow of the Royal Astronomical Society from 1845
* Member of the Meteorological Society from 1850
* Fellow of the Royal Society from 1852

## References/Notes

* 1 2 3 "1871MNRAS..31..103. Page 103". articles.adsabs.harvard.edu. Bibcode:1871MNRAS..31..103. Retrieved 9 February 2017.
# Mahmoud Eskandari

Mahmoud Eskandari (Persian: محمود اسکندری; 1950–2001) was a Fighter aircraft pilot of the F-4 Phantom ll for IIAF and IRIAF.

## Military background

He served his country as one of the most sophisticated F4 E-Phantom ll pilots during Iran–Iraq War and he could reach the title of (Man of the impossible missions) such as the liberation of Khorramshahr, H-3 airstrike and Baghdad Operation He is considered as one of the most prominent pilots of the Iranian Air Force.
During Baghdad operation, Eskandari managed to repeatedly pass through the firewall that was protecting Baghdad and return to Iran despite multiple damages to his airplane and severe, threatening injuries to him and his RIO, following the crash of Abbas Doran due to a SAM strike.

## Operations

* H-3 airstrike (April 6, 1981)
* Flying a F4E Phantom ll from Syria back to Iran, straight through Iraqi territory where Iraqi fighter jets were waiting for him at the borders with Turkey and then Iran. Instead, he flew straight through Iraq at a very low-altitude and at supersonic speed.
* Liberation of Khorramshahr (May 6, 1982) with his high-precision, successful bombing of a strategic bridge that other pilots had failed to hit.
* Battle of Khorramshahr (1982) (July 1982)
# Sauverny

Sauverny (French pronunciation:; Arpitan: Sovèrnê) is a commune in the Ain department in eastern France. It is located between the Jura mountains in France and Lac Leman, bordering the Canton of Geneva, Switzerland.
# William Skrimshire

William Skrimshire (the younger), (1766 in Wisbech – 22 July 1829) was a surgeon and botanist. He amassed a large herbarium with the help of his brother, Fenwick Skrimshire, although much of it has subsequently been lost. As a surgeon he worked alongside his father at a practice in Ship Lane. After his father's death Skrimshire moved to the edge of the town and there he grew native and exotic plants in his garden and a peppermint plantation. A manuscript catalogue of his collection is all that remains, although it does contain some important first records for Cambridgeshire and Northamptonshire. In 1818 Skrimshire sold the herbarium to Viscount Milton, but continued to gather specimens
174 botanical specimens he collected including Origanum vulgare are held in the Wisbech & Fenland Museum.
He is commemorated in Wisbech by the walkway named Scrimshires Passage.

## Publications

* On the Absorption of Electric Light by different Bodies – Nicholson's Journal xv, 281, 1806
* On the Habitudes of Saline Bodies with regard to electricity – Nicholson's Journal xvii, 12, 1807
* On the Phosphorescence of Bodies, from the action of the Electric Explosion – Nicholson's Journal xix, 153, 1808
* On the quantity of Fecula in different varieties of potatoe [sic] – Nicholson's Journal xxi, 71, 1808
* On the Fecula of potatoes and some other British Vegetables – Nicholson's Journal xxi, 182, 1808
* On the late excessive Cold Weather. Philosophical Magazine xlvii, 182, 1816
# Jalikan

Jalikan (Persian: جليكان) may refer to:
* Jalikan-e Olya
* Jalikan-e Sofla
# Sotiras, Florina

Sotiras (Greek: Σωτήρας, before 1926: Σώτερ – Soter) is a village in Florina Regional Unit, Macedonia, Greece. It is part of the community of Amyntaio.
The 1920 Greek census recorded 327 people in the village, and 327 inhabitants (37 families) were Muslim in 1923. Following the Greek–Turkish population exchange, Greek refugee families in Soter were from East Thrace (18), Asia Minor (4) and the Caucasus (26) in 1926. The 1928 Greek census recorded 137 village inhabitants. In 1928, the refugee families numbered 48 (151 people).
# James Needham (mycologist)

James Needham (19 March 1849 – 14 July 1913) was an English mycologist and iron moulder from Hebden Bridge, Yorkshire. He was a founding member of the British Mycological Society. Notable for his working-class status, Needham became one of the foremost collectors of fungi and bryophytes in the UK.

## Early and personal life

James Needham was born on 19 March 1849 in Hebden Bridge to Mary (née Greenwood) and Thomas Greenwood (1829–1885), an iron moulder. He was the oldest of ten children.
In 1861, Needham was working as a doffer in a cotton mill, while in 1871 he was working as an iron moulder.
Needham married Mary Ann Parker in 1871 and together they had six children. A year after his wife's death in 1889, he married Amelia Jones.

## Mycological career

Needham began studying botany after a trip to Hardcastle Crags with the Hebden Bridge Cooperative Society in 1885.
In 1889, he met Charles Crossland, who introduced him to fungi. Together with Crossland, he conducted some of the earliest ecological studies. He contributed many records to Crossland's and W. B. Crump's Flora of the Parish of Halifax (1904).
Needham discovered the liverwort Jubula hutchinsiae in Hebden Valley in 1896.
He was instrumental, along with Henry Thomas Soppitt, in the discovery of a heteroecious lifecycle in a Puccinia species. He was also amongst the first proponents of plant and fungal ecology in Great Britain.
His collections and archives are dispersed across the UK including Leeds Museum and Tolson Museum.

## Death

Needham died on 14 July 1913, at the age of 64 in Hebden Bridge. He was buried in Birchcliffe Baptist Church.
# Ghulam Ali Wahdat

General Ghulam Ali Wahdat (Dari: غلام‌علی وحدت‬) is a Hazara politician from Afghanistan. He served as governor of Bamyan province from (October, 2013 to June, 2015).

## Early life

Ghulam Ali Wahdat, son of Nawazesh Ali, was born on 22 March 1955 in Yakawlang district of Bamiyan province. In 1978 he graduated from the Faculty of Economics in Kabul University and joined the police force. Wahdat was a professional general officer of the Afghan Army during the rule of Dr. Najib in the 1980s, he has worked at various positions at the time of jihad with the Hezbe Wahdat Party of Afghanistan.
# Stephen Peter Rigaud

Stephen Peter Rigaud (12 August 1774–16 March 1839) FRAS was an English mathematical historian and astronomer. Rigaud was born into a French Protestant family. His father, Stephen (also known as James Stephen) Rigaud, was Observer at the Kew Observatory. The painter John Francis Rigaud, who painted a portrait of Rigaud, aged four, and his sister Mary Anne was not his uncle but other possible connections are unknown.
He was a Fellow of Exeter College, Oxford, from 1794 to 1810, held the Savilian Chair of Geometry at the University of Oxford from 1810 to 1827, and was Savilian Professor of Astronomy from 1827 to 1839. He lived at 21 Richmond Green in Richmond, Surrey (now Richmond, London) from 1815 to 1826.
"He devoted his leisure to research and authorship in the field of scientific biography. A well-informed friend has said of him, — " He had a peculiar delight in tracing the history of an invention, or illustrating the biography of those who, however eminent in their day, were in after ages known to have lived, flourished for a time, and died. To collect the materials for their lives, to throw light upon their habits, enumerate their works, and do justice to their merits, was a principal source of his amusement; and his perseverance in seeking for materials was exceeded only by the discrimination and impartiality which accompanied his researches and rendered them of permanent value."

## Published works

* Historical essay on the first publication of Sir Isaac Newton’s Principia (1838)
* An account of some early proposals for steam navigation (1838)
* Defence of the resolution for omitting Mr Panizzi's bibliographical notes from the catalogue of the Royal Society (1838)
* Correspondence of scientific men of the seventeenth century: including letters of Barrow, Flamsteed, Wallis and Newton, printed from the originals in the collection of the Honorable the Earl of Macclesfield (1841)

## Death and legacy

He died on 16 March 1839 and was buried at St James, Piccadilly, London, where a memorial to him lies in the church. His eldest son, Stephen Jordan Rigaud (1816–1859), was an English clergyman and schoolmaster who became Bishop of Antigua.
Some of his large book collection, concerning astronomy, mathematics and physics, was purchased by the Radcliffe Observatory in Oxford. Some of the remaining materials were presented to the Bodleian Library in 1935 and some were sold at auction. This collection at the Bodleian contains 840 books. The theological, classical and miscellaneous portion of his library was sold at auction in London by R. H. Evans on 6 August 1839 (and two following days); a copy of the catalogue is held at Cambridge University Library (shelfmark Munby.c.145(11)).
# Thomas Baskerville (botanist)

Thomas Baskerville (1812–1840?) was an English botanical writer.
Baskerville was born on 26 April 1812, and served a four-year apprenticeship to Mr. Soulby. From 1 December 1829 to 9 April 1834, he attended lectures on anatomy under Jones Quain, dissection under Richard Quain, and surgery under Samuel Cooper. In November of the latter year he attended the North London Hospital, obtained the membership of the College of Surgeons on 22 December 1835, and settled in practice at Canterbury. He was the author of Affinities of Plants, with some Observations upon Progressive Development, London, 1839, 8vo. He is stated to have died in London in 1840, but his name appears in the college annual list of members so late as 1843.
# Fasarud District

Fasarud District (Persian: بخش فسارود) is in Darab County, Fars province, Iran. Its capital is the city of Paskhan, whose population at the time of the 2016 National Census was 1,545 in 393 households.

## History

After the 2016 census, Fasarud and Paskhan Rural Districts were separated from the Central District in the formation of Fasarud District. In 2022, the village of Paskhan was elevated to the status of a city.

## Demographics
### Administrative divisions

Fasarud District :
* Administrative Divisions
* Fasarud RD
* Paskhan RD
* Paskhan (city)
* RD = Rural District
# Avižieniai Eldership

Avižieniai Eldership (Lithuanian: Avižienių seniūnija) is an eldership in Lithuania, located in Vilnius District Municipality, northwest of Vilnius. It is the most populous eldership in the municipality.

## Geography

The eldership has a hillfort with a cultural layer dated to the beginning of 1st millennium A.D. The landscape is dominated by rolling hills in the Riešė Upland. Many small wooded areas and swamps, but the landscape is undergoing rapid change due to suburbanization and its proximity to the city. Notable rivers include Riešė and Čekonė, and there are several small lakes, such as Gilužis, Ežeraitis, Notiškis and Varlinka.

## History

Avižieniai were known since the Interwar for their gardens. In the 19th century, an orthodox church was built in Bukiškis. It was damaged during World War II, and only ruins and the basement remain, and are known to have the buried corpses of a general. The church rebuilding project was initiated in 1990, and the church was rebuilt in 2007.

## Coat of arms

Coat of arms for Avižieniai was created in April of 2023 and is awaiting approbation. It depicts oats as Avižieniai is from Lithuanian – aviža (oat).

## Populated places

There are 27 villages located within the eldership, the largest of which areAvižieniai, Bukiškis, Riešė (of which only half of the village is located in the eldership, the other half belongs to Riešė Eldership), Bendoriai and Klevinė.

## Notable locations

* Bukiškės Orthodox Church of Patron Mother of God
* Avižieniai hillfort
* Mažoji Riešė hillfort
* Pikutiškės/Švedai hillfort
* Aukštieji Rusokai tumulus
* Galinė Manor with preserved palace and farmhouses
* Kalno Riešė Manor farmhouse fragments near Riešė
* Tarandė old cemetery
* World War II Soviet soldier burial place in Bendoriai

## Ethnic composition

According to 2021 census, out of 10,867 persons of the eldership:
* Lithuanians - 70.9% (7704)
* Poles - 18.8% (2043)
* Russians - 5.1% (559)
* Belarusians - 1.4% (157)
* Number of inhabitants: 10867
According to 2011 National Census data, the ethnic composition is as follows:
* Lithuanians - 65.0%
* Poles - 24.4%
* Russians - 5.6%
* Number of inhabitants: 7509

## Gallery

* Avižieniai
* Orthodox Church of Guardian Mother of God in Bukiškis
* Highway A2 crosses the eldership
* Landscape near Bajorai
# Herbert John Giraud

Herbert John Giraud (14 April 1817 – 12 January 1888) was an English physician, chemist, and botanist.

## Biography

Giraud was the second son and youngest child of John Thomas Giraud (1764–1836), a surgeon at Faversham, Kent (mayor in 1814), by Mary, daughter of William Chapman of Badlesmere Court, Kent. He was born at Faversham on 14 April 1817. His grandfather, Francis Frederick Giraud (1726–1811), was born of Waldensian Protestant refugee parents at Pinache in Würtemberg in 1726, and was brought to England by his uncle, the Rev. William Henry Giraud, vicar of Graveney, Kent, in 1736, entered at All Souls, Oxford, in 1744, was ordained in 1749, and was from 1762 to 1808 head-master of the Faversham grammar school. Herbert John Giraud was educated at the university of Edinburgh, where he graduated M.D. with honours in 1840. Entering the medical service of the East India Company in 1842, he became successively professor of chemistry and botany (in 1845) and principal of the Grant Medical College, Bombay; he was also chief medical officer of Sir Jamsetjee Jeejeebhoy's Hospital, chemical analyst to the Bombay government, surgeon-major and deputy-inspector-general of the Bombay army medical service, and dean of the faculty of medicine in Bombay University (1863). He died 12 January 1888 at Shanklin, Isle of Wight, where he had lived since his retirement in 1867. He married in 1842 Christina, daughter of Dr. David Shaw of the Bombay medical service, by whom he had two daughters, the elder of whom married Major-general Harpur of the Bombay staff corps. A list of ten botanical and chemical papers by Giraud is given in the Royal Society's ‘Catalogue of Scientific Papers,’ vol. ii. The most valuable of the botanical papers is on the embryo of Tropæolum, ‘Linnean Transactions,’ xix. 161. Several of the chemical papers relate to toxicology in India. Giraud was often consulted as an expert in medico-legal cases in the Bombay presidency.
# Museum of armoured vehicles Smržovka

The Museum of armoured vehicles Smržovka (Czech: Muzeum obrněné techniky Smržovka) is a museum of military vehicles located in the Czech Republic about 4 kilometers east of Jablonec nad Nisou and about 95 kilometers north-east of Prague. The museum represents the largest private tank collection in Central Europe.

## Tank Collection

Cromwell, Comet, Charioteer, Centurion, AMX-13, M36 Jackson, M3A1 Stuart, T-34/85, T-55, T-72, IS-2 (borrowed from Military museum Lešany)

## Other Vehicles

OT-810, Ferret Mk.I, CCKW 353, WC-51, M16 Half-track, VT-34, VT-55, Praga V3S, SD-100, VP-90, M53/59 Praga
# Bosilovo

Bosilovo (Macedonian: Босилово) is a village in North Macedonia. It is the seat of Bosilovo Municipality.

## Demographics

According to the 2002 census, the village had a total of 1698 inhabitants. Ethnic groups in the village include:
* Macedonians 1697
* Others 1
As of 2021, the village of Bosilovo has 1.273 inhabitants and the ethnic composition was the following:
* Macedonians – 1.217
* Serbs – 4
* Person without Data - 52
# Camelia Entekhabifard

Camelia Entekhabifard (also Camelia E. Fard or Camelia Entekhabi-Fard, Persian: کاملیا انتخابی‌فرد, born 1973) is an Iranian American journalist and the editor-in-chief of the Independent Persian, the first international newspaper published in Persian.
She is an author, columnist and news analyst who writes primarily on Iranian foreign policy as well as Middle Eastern regional issues, including the crisis in Syria, Iraq and Yemen, and the political and security situation in Afghanistan.
Since leaving Iran in 2000, she has reported on Iran and Afghanistan for AP, Reuters, Le Monde Diplomatique, The Independent, Al-Jazeera, New York times, CNN, Newsweek, HuffPost, Al-Arabiya, Al-Hayat, Al-Ahram Weekly, Arab News, Shaq Al-Awsat, Mother Jones, Village Voice among many others.
She is a news commentator and frequently appears on Al-Arabiya, Sky News, Al-Hadath, i24News, Alaraby TV, BBC, CNN and other news channels.
Her book Camelia: Save Yourself by Telling the Truth (ISBN 978-1-583-22833-3) __a Memoir of Iran was published in March 2007 and translated into several languages including English, Arabic, Portuguese, Italian and Turkish.