OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Bangladesh Air Force Welfare Trust

Bangladesh Air Force Welfare Trust (BAFWT) (Bengali: বাংলাদেশ বিমান বাহিনী কল্যাণ ট্রাস্ট) is a Bangladesh government- and Bangladesh Air Force-supported trust that works for the welfare of retired air force personnel and their families. Air Chief Marshal Shaikh Abdul Hannan, Chief of the Air Staff of the Bangladesh Air Force, is the Present chairperson of the trust.

## History

Bangladesh Air Force Welfare Trust was established in 2010 under Shah Mohammad Ziaur Rahman, Chief of Air Staff and first chairperson of the trust. He served from 23 September 2010 to 12 June 2012. He was replaced by Muhammad Enamul Bari who served till 12 June 2015. Bari was replaced by Abu Esrar who served till 12 June 2018 and replaced by newly appointed chief of Bangladesh Air Force Masihuzzaman Serniabat.
Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Aviation and Aerospace University is being developed by Bangladesh Air Force Welfare Trust and headed by the chief of Bangladesh Air Force.
On 14 June 2020, Bangladesh Air Force Welfare Trust arranged special flights of Bangladesh Biman and US-Bangla Airlines to bring in Bangladeshis trapped in Dubai aimed the COVID-19 pandemic. Similar flights were arranged to bring in Bangladeshis trapped in the United Kingdom, Malaysia, and Doha.
In March 2021, Bangladesh government allocated 1.24 billion taka for the development work at BSCIC Chemical Industrial Park, Munshiganj owned by Bangladesh Small and Cottage Industries Corporation. The government recommended that the work be given to Bangladesh Air Force Welfare Trust and Dockyard and Engineering Works Limited, owned by Bangladesh Navy, through Direct Purchase Procedure.
# Avocettina

Avocettina is a genus of eels in the snipe-eel family Nemichthyidae. It currently contains the following species:
* Avocettina acuticeps (Regan, 1916) (Southern snipe-eel)
* Avocettina bowersii (Garman, 1899)
* Avocettina infans (Günther, 1878) (Avocet snipe-eel)
* Avocettina paucipora J. G. Nielsen & D. G. Smith, 1978
# Prilep, Kosovo

Prilep (Serbian Cyrillic: Прилеп), or Prejlep (Albanian: Prejlepi, other names: Prilep, Përlep, Perlep, Prilip) or Arrnjet (Albanian: Arrnjeti), is a village situated in western Kosovo, close to Gjakova.

## Kosovo War

During the Kosovo War in 1998 the village was nearly completely destroyed. Militants of the Kosovo Liberation Army and Serbian forces fought each other near Prilep on the 2nd August 1998, where two Serbian Policemen were killed and the KLA pushed out of the village. The Serbian paramilitary gained control of the contested road connecting Gjakova and Pejë. Using a multi-barrel anti-aircraft gun mounted on top of an armoured vehicle, the Serbian paramilitary made their way through the devastated village house by house. 12 members of the Yugoslav forces and 4 Albanian militants died during the Serbian offensive.
After the village fell in the hands of the Serbian forces, 4 civilians were killed of which 3 were Albanian and 1 was Egyptian. The village mosque that was built in 1686 was also subsequently destroyed.

## Demographics

In the 1485 Ottoman defter of the Sanjak of Scutari the village of Prilep is mentioned to have had 28 tax paying households.
In the beginning of the 19th century, there were only about 5 to 10 houses, while today there are over 300.
According to the 2011 census, the resident population was 2,165, of which 2,157 are Albanians, 6 Egyptians and 2 others. The village is inhabited by 2,163 Muslims and 2 others.
# Asadullah Mamaghani

Sheikh Asadullah Mamaghani (Persian: اسدالله ممقانی or اسدالله مامقانی; sometimes transliterated Mamqani) was an anti-royalist Persian jurist and clergyman, who helped theorize the relationship between the Pahlavi state and religious leaders.

## Life

Asadullah Mamaghani was born in 1881 in Mamqan, and first learned Arab and Persian literature in Tabriz. Following the 1908 bombardment of the Majlis, Mamaghani left for Najaf, where he became one of the foremost disciples of Mohammad-Kazem Khorasani, eventually representing the Najafi exiles in Anjuman Sa'adat.
At the close of World War I, Mamaghani returned to Iran and was immediately offered a position in the Supreme Court, but declined to complete his legal education in Istanbul. He later served as Minister of Justice in the Sa'ed cabinet, after which he was appointed to the Supreme Court.

## Philosophy

Mamaghani is known for his clever and innovative theories of Shia jurisprudence. He may be the second generation of Muslim intellectuals to pioneer in the field of religion and state in Iran. Mamaghani challenged conventional wisdom on theories of establishment, arguing that disagreement between the secular power and the (Shia) clerics necessarily leads to popular disaffection and rebellion.
# Church of St Martin, Salisbury

The Church of St Martin, also known as Sarum St Martin, is a Church of England parish church in Salisbury, Wiltshire, England. The church dates from the 13th century and is a Grade I listed building.

## History

The church has a chancel which was built c.1230, a 14th-century tower with spire, and a 15th-century nave with aisles. From 1849 to 1850, the church building was restored by Thomas Henry Wyatt and David Brandon.
In 1952, the church was designated a Grade I listed building.

### Present day

The parish falls within the Traditional Anglo-Catholic tradition of the Church of England. As it rejects on theological grounds the ordination of women as priests and bishops, the parish receives alternative episcopal oversight from the Bishop of Oswestry (currently Paul Thomas).

## Notable clergy

* Clement Ricketts (1885–1961), later Bishop of Dunwich, served his curacy here
* Bruce Duncan (born 1938), Principal of Sarum College, honorary curate
# Korool-Döbö

Korool-Döbö (Kyrgyz: Короол-Дөбө) is a village in the Kemin District of Chüy Region of Kyrgyzstan. Its population was 1,452 in 2021. The village is located on the left bank of the river Chong-Kemin.
# St Mary's Church, Marlborough

St Mary's Church is the Church of England parish church in the town of Marlborough, Wiltshire, England.
The church stands at the east end of the town's High Street. Founded in the 12th century, it was partly rebuilt after a fire of 1653, and extended in 1874. It is a Grade I listed building.

## History

Two churches were mentioned at Marlborough in 1091, and in 1223 the bishop of Salisbury took both St Mary's and St Peter's under his jurisdiction. St Mary's was the church for the eastern part of the borough, while St Peter's, at the other end of the High Street, served the western part.

## Building

The present church is built of ashlar and rubble, with ashlar dressings; the tower is ashlar. In the west wall of a tower is a repositioned 12th-century doorway or arch, and inside the church are fragments of 11th-century stonework including parts of corbels. The tower was added in the 15th century, and in that century and the early 16th the aisles were rebuilt and extended.
The town suffered a large fire in 1653 which destroyed the roof and the interior of the church, and damaged the Norman arcades. Subsequently the north arcade was merged with the nave – a Norman respond survives at the west end – and the south arcade was rebuilt as five rounded arches, described by Pevsner as "eminently interesting". Galleries were added to the nave in 1707 and the chancel was rebuilt in 1873-4 to designs by G.E. Street. The south chapel was restored as a memorial after the First World War. Further restoration was undertaken in 1955–7.
Of the eight bells in the tower, one is from 1653 and two are from the 18th century. The seventh and eighth bells were cast in 1969 from the discarded peal of St Peter's church. The building was designated as Grade I listed in 1949.

## Parish

The benefices of the two Marlborough parishes were united in 1924, and the parishes were united in 1952 to form the parish of Saint Mary the Virgin with Saint Peter and Saint Paul. St Peter's church was declared redundant in 1974 and later became a community centre and events venue.
Today the parish is served by the Marlborough Anglican Team, which also covers St George's, Manton (to the west of Marlborough) and St John the Baptist, Mildenhall (east).
# Zhakyp Kozhamberdy

Zhakyp Yesimuly Kozhamberdy (Kazakh: Жақып Есімұлы Қожамберді, Jaqyp Esımūly Qojamberdı; born 26 February 1992) is a Kazakhstani footballer who plays as a midfielder for FC Taraz.

## Club career

He made his debut for Taraz on 14 June 2013, starting in a 0–1 home defeat against Ordabasy and being substituted after 79 minutes for Adilet Kudaybergen. Fifteen days later, he came on as a 75th-minute substitute for Sherkhan Bauyrzhan and scored both of the team's goals in a 2–1 home win over Shakhter Karagandy. These were his only league goals in 8 appearances that season. On 10 November, he started in the Kazakhstan Cup final against Shakhter at the Astana Arena, a 0–1 defeat in which he was replaced by Emanuel Odita with three minutes remaining.
On 8 July 2015, Kozhamberdy moved to FC Astana on a six-month contract, with the option of an extension at the end of it.

## International career

He made his debut for the Kazakhstan national football team on 18 February 2015, replacing Azat Nurgaliev for the last 16 minutes of a 1–0 friendly win over Moldova in Aksu.
# Gleb Boglayevskiy

Gleb Andreyevich Boglayevskiy (Russian: Глеб Андреевич Боглаевский; born 4 July 1986) is a former Russian football striker.

## Club career

He made his senior debut for FC Amkar Perm on 6 July 2005 in the Russian Cup game against FC Lada Togliatti.
He made his debut in the Russian Football National League for FC Lada Togliatti on 17 August 2006 in a game against FC Ural Yekaterinburg.
# Zayed II Military College

Zayed II Military College or Zayed the Second Military College (Arabic: كلية زايد الثاني العسكرية) is an Emirati military college and the principle military academy and officer training institution in the United Arab Emirates Army based in Al Ain, United Arab Emirates. It was founded on February 1, 1972, by Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan, the founding president of the United Arab Emirates.

## History

The military college was founded on 1 February 1972 by Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan, the founding president of the United Arab Emirates, after 2 months of the independence of the United Arab Emirates. The college graduated its first batch of officers on April 10, 1972. It was officially inaugurated on May 3 by Sheikh Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan.
Zayed II Military College celebrated its golden jubilee and 50th anniversary of founding on February 1, 2022.
# Ayagoz District

Ayagoz (Kazakh: Аякөз ауданы, Aiaköz audany; اياكٶز اۋدانى) is a district of Abai Region in eastern Kazakhstan. The administrative center of the district is the town of Ayagoz. Population: 35,866 (2013 estimate); 36,410 (2009 Census results); 42,797 (1999 Census results).
The district is served by Turkestan-Siberia Railway. Aktogay station, located within the district, is an important junction.
# Weapon storage area

Weapon storage areas (WSA), also known as special ammunition storage (SAS), were extremely well guarded and well defended locations where NATO nuclear weapons were stored during the Cold War era.
In most situations, the WSA or SAS areas were located inside the perimeter of an army barracks or an air base in NATO territory, but in a few cases they were located deep inside wooded areas and miles away from a military base.
Due to changes in the political landscape, the number of special weapons in Europe has been drastically decreased. Moreover, the introduction of the WS3 Weapon Storage and Security System has made WSAs obsolete.
At present, few WSAs are still operational as modern day special weapons are stored in the floors of concrete aircraft shelters and placed under 24/7 electronic surveillance.

## Examples

* Bossier Base
* Killeen Base
* Lake Mead Base/Nellis Area 2
* Manzano Base
* Medina Annex prior to NSA/CSS Texas Cryptologic Center being located there
* Naval Submarine Base Kings Bay
* Naval Base Kitsap, former Naval Submarine Base Bangor
# Ashareh

Ashareh (Persian: عشاره) may refer to:
* Ashareh-ye Bozorg, Ahvaz County
* Ashareh-ye Kuchek, Ahvaz County
* Ashareh-ye Olya, Omidiyeh County
* Ashareh-ye Sofla, Omidiyeh County
# Flanders red ale

Flanders red ale or Flemish red-brown, is a style of sour ale brewed in West Flanders, Belgium.
Flanders red ale is fermented with organisms other than Saccharomyces cerevisiae, especially Lactobacillus, which produces a sour character attributable to lactic acid. Long periods of aging are employed, a year or more, often in oak barrels, to impart a lactic acid character to the beer. Red malt is used to give the beer its colour and the matured beer is often blended with a younger batch before bottling to balance and round the character.
Flanders red ales have a strong fruit flavour similar to the aroma, but more intense. Plum, prune, raisin and raspberry are the most common flavours, followed by orange and some spiciness. The sour or acidic taste can range from moderate to strong. There is no hop bitterness, but tannins are common. Consequently, Flanders red ales are often described as the most wine-like of all beers.
Notable examples include Duchesse de Bourgogne, Rodenbach and VanderGhinste Roodbruin [nl].

## Examples

* Rodenbach Brewery: Rodenbach
* Rodenbach Brewery: Rodenbach Grand Cru
* Omer Vander Ghinste Brewery [nl]: VanderGhinste Roodbruin
* Omer Vander Ghinste Brewery: Cuvee des Jacobins
* Brewery Verhaeghe: Duchesse de Bourgogne
* Brewery Verhaeghe: Vichtenaar
* Bourgogne des Flandres
# Jerome Junction, Arizona

Jerome Junction is a ghost town in Yavapai County, Arizona, United States. Established in 1894, the community served as a railroad transfer stop between the town of Prescott and the town of Jerome. It served as a transfer point between the Santa Fe, Prescott and Phoenix Railway (SFP&P) and the narrow-gauge United Verde & Pacific Railway for 25 years. The narrow-gauge line was built precariously on the side of Woodchute Mountain by William A. Clark after he bought the United Verde Copper Company. In 1917, it had a population of 150. When it was replaced by standard-gauge line on the east side of the mountain from Jerome to Clarkdale in 1920, Jerome Junction became a ghost town, and in 1923, the activities of the former town were absorbed by Chino Valley.
The location changed names at least 3 times:
* 1895 June 7 – "Junction" post office
* 1914 December 23 – Jerome Junction, railway depot and transfer station
* 1923 April 11 – Copper Siding, Chino Valley, railroad stop
All that remains today are some foundations and railroad equipment. Wikimap Google map
| 1850 | | — |
| 1860 | | — |
| 1870 | | — |
| 1880 | | — |
| 1890 | 250 | — |
| 1900 | 2,500 | 900% |
| 1910 | 5,000 | 100% |
| 1920 | 15,000 | 200% |
| 1930 | 4,900 | -67.3333% |
| 1940 | 2,000 | -59.1837% |
| 1950 | 1,200 | -40% |
| 1960 | 500 | -58.3333% |
| 1970 | 300 | -40% |
| 1980 | 403 | 34.3333% |
| 1990 | 350 | -13.1514% |
| 2000 | 329 | -6% |
| 2010 | 400 | 21.5805% |
| 2020 | 464 | 16% |
| 2023 (est.) | 463 | 1% |
# Hamid Tavakkol

Hamid Tavakkol (Persian: حمید توکل, born 25 October 1933) is a retired Iranian freestyle wrestler who won a bronze medal at the 1961 World Championships.
Tavakol graduated in French Literature from the University of Tehran and can communicate in French, English and Turkish. After retiring from competitions he had a long career as a sports administrator. He is married and has four children. He lives in Mashhad.
# Afrasiab Kola

Afrasiab Kola (Persian: افراسياب كلا) may refer to:
* Afrasiab Kola, Babol
* Afrasiab Kola, Nur
# Wright Liberator

The Wright Liberator was a low-floor single-deck bus body built on Volvo B10L chassis by Wrightbus between 1996 and 1999.

## Design

The Wright Liberator was announced in October 1995 by Wrightbus, joining its range of bodies on Volvo chassis such as the Pathfinder and Crusader. The bus was constructed with an Alusuisse bolted aluminium frame and took advantage of the B10L chassis to create a step-free floor up to the rear axle. The Liberator was succeeded in 1999 by the Renown on the Volvo B10BLE chassis.

## Operators

The Liberator's launch customer was First Greater Manchester, who after ordering the buses as GM Buses North, took delivery of five of the type branded for 'Superbus' low-floor services between Wigan and Leigh in June 1996. The National Express Group were the Liberator's overall largest customer, with over 100 purchased by their Travel Dundee and Travel West Midlands subsidiaries. Eleven were also purchased by Bus Éireann in Ireland.
# We Lost the Skyline

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Blogcritics | (positive) |
| DPRP | (8/10) |
| Sputnikmusic | |
We Lost the Skyline (also known as Transmission 7.1) is a live recording by Porcupine Tree, recorded during an in-store performance at Park Avenue CDs in Orlando, Florida on 4 October 2007, with 200 fans in attendance. Although it was originally planned that the full band would play, lack of space dictated that only the two guitarists/singers Steven Wilson and John Wesley did. This one-off performance was captured by a remote recording facility and the complete 8 song, 33 minute show is now being released in a mail order only CD, but the band are currently negotiating a low-key release for the CD through a number of independent stores in the USA that have supported Porcupine Tree over the last few years (including Park Avenue CDs itself). However, the CD was released in Poland in small quantity.
The album originally came in a digipack sleeve created by photographer Lasse Hoile and designer Carl Glover.
Dutch vinyl specialists Tonefloat also released a quality 180gm vinyl edition of We Lost the Skyline in a gatefold sleeve, with a limited and numbered edition of 1,000 copies on marbled vinyl, and a regular edition on black vinyl. The Porcupine Tree store also stocks the vinyl editions.
On 25 January 2008, "Lazarus" was made available to listen through the band's Myspace.
The track "Normal" was made available, a few weeks prior to the release of the album, exclusively to Porcupine Tree fan club members.
On 18 February 2008 We Lost the Skyline was released on CD. The vinyl versions were released on 18 March 2008.
The CD was also made available to order through Park Ave CDs (the venue where the recording took place). This version of the CD came with an exclusive poster commemorating the in-store event (poster limited to 300). This version was released on 26 February 2008.
Since 14 June 2008, the album was made available for digital download at a very low cost through the band's online store, whether in MP3 or FLAC formats, including printable artwork.

## Personnel

* Steven Wilson – acoustic and electric guitar, vocals
* John Wesley (tracks 4–8) – electric guitar, backing vocals
* Darren Schneider – engineer
* Joe Jachino, Shane Fitzgerald, Tyler Tapp, Michael Escobar, Stephen Spencer – assistant engineers
* Matt Gorney – producer
# Zhamantuz, Ualikhanov District

Zhamantuz (Kazakh: Жамантұз) is a salt lake in the Ualikhanov District, North Kazakhstan Region, Kazakhstan.
The lake lies 6 kilometers (3.7 mi) to the east of Balkabek, an abandoned village. The Pavlodar Region border lies 25 kilometers (16 mi) to the east of the eastern lakeshore. The area surrounding lake Zhamantuz is used for livestock grazing.

## Geography

Zhamantuz is an endorheic lake part of the Sileti river basin. It lies at an elevation of 65.9 meters (216 ft). A broad headland extends eastwards in the northern half of the western shore. The Sileti flows 25 kilometers (16 mi) to the east of the lake.
The 40 kilometers (25 mi) long Semizbay river flows from the west into the western shore. Lake Zhamantuz freezes in November and stays under ice until April. The southern end of larger lake Siletiteniz lies 13 kilometers (8.1 mi) to the northeast, and lake Zhaksytuz 24 kilometers (15 mi) to the SSE.
# Stefan Loth

Stefan August Loth (28 May 1896 – 16 July 1936) was a Polish footballer and soldier. He played in one match for the Poland national team in 1926, and managed them from 1928 to 1931. A lieutenant colonel of the Polish Army infantry, he fought in the Polish–Soviet War. He died in a RWD 9 plane crash near Gdynia on 16 July 1936.

## Honours and orders

* Silver Cross of the Virtuti Militari (26 March 1921)
* Cross of Valor, four times
* Silver Cross of Merit (10 November 1928)
* Gold Cross of Merit (posthumously, 18 July 1936)
* Cross of Independence (23 December 1933)
* Commemorative Medal for the Polish–Soviet War
* Medal of the Tenth Anniversary of Regained Independence
* Commemorative Badge of the Inspector General of the Armed Forces (12 May 1936)
* Officer Cross of the Order of Saint Alexander (Bulgaria, posthumously, 1936)
* Allied Victory Medal
# Lenya Rún Taha Karim

Lenya Rún Taha Karim (born 18 December 1999) is an Icelandic politician for the Pirate Party.

## Early life

Lenya Rún was born in Kópavogur in 1999 to Kurdish immigrants. Her father migrated to Iceland in 1993 and her mother in 1996. She went to school in Iceland, but the family returned to Kurdistan for three years in 2013. She is currently a law student at the University of Iceland.

## Political career

Lenya Rún advocates for an embetterment of the rights for the asylum seekers the legalization of drugs and a solution of the climate crisis. Following the Icelandic parliamentary election on 25 September 2021, it was announced that she had been elected as a member of parliament for the constituency Reykjavík North, winning one of the nine available leveling seats. At the age of 21, she would have been the youngest parliamentarian in the history of Alþingi, 22-days younger than Jóhanna María Sigmundsdóttir. However, after a recount in the Northwest constituency on 26 September, five leveling seats where reshuffled, meaning Lenya Rún and four other candidates lost their seats.
On 27 December 2021, she took a seat at Alþingi as a deputy member of parliament, temporarily replacing Andrés Ingi Jónsson.
# Source function

The source function is a characteristic of a stellar atmosphere, and in the case of no scattering of photons, describes the ratio of the emission coefficient to the absorption coefficient. It is a measure of how photons in a light beam are removed and replaced by new photons by the material it passes through. Its units in the cgs-system are erg s$^{−1}$ cm$^{−2}$ sr$^{−1}$ Hz$^{−1}$ and in SI are W m$^{−2}$ sr$^{−1}$ Hz$^{−1}$ . The source function can be written
    $S_{\lambda }\ {\stackrel {\mathrm {def} }{=}}\ {\frac {j_{\lambda }}{\kappa _{\lambda }}}$
where $j_{\lambda }$ is the emission coefficient, $\kappa _{\lambda }$ is the absorption coefficient (also known as the opacity). Putting this into the equation for radiative transfer we get
    $-{\frac {1}{\kappa _{\lambda }\rho }}{\frac {dI_{\lambda }}{ds}}=I_{\lambda }-S_{\lambda }$
where s is the distance measured along the path traveled by the beam. The minus sign on the left hand side shows that the intensity decreases as the beam travels, due to the absorption of photons.
# FK Dračevo

FK Dračevo (Macedonian: ФК Драчево) is a Macedonian football club based in the town Dračevo in Skopje, North Macedonia.

## History

The club was founded in 2003, they are recently competed in the Macedonian Third League.
# Slovak Central Mountains

The Slovak Central Mountains (Slovak: Slovenské stredohorie) are a group of mountain ranges in southern central Slovakia. The town of Zvolen lies roughly in the centre of the mountains.
The Slovak Central Mountains are a part of the Inner Western Carpathians. They are bordered by the Fatra-Tatra Area to the northwest and north, Slovak Ore Mountains (Slovenské rudohorie) to the east, Southern Slovak Basin (Juhoslovenská kotlina) to the south and by the Pannonian Plain to the southwest.
The Slovak Central Mountains are divided into the following subdivisions:
* Vtacnik Mountains
* Pohronský Inovec
* Štiavnica Mountains
* Kremnica Mountains
* Poľana
* Ostrôžky
* Javorie
* Krupina Plain
* Zvolen Basin
* Pliešovce Basin (Pliešovská kotlina)
* Žiar Basin
The highest mountain is Poľana at 1,458 m.