OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 1-Chloro-1,1-difluoroethane

1-Chloro-1,1-difluoroethane (HCFC-142b) is a haloalkane with the chemical formula CH$_3$CClF$_2$. It belongs to the hydrochlorofluorocarbon (HCFC) family of man-made compounds that contribute significantly to both ozone depletion and global warming when released into the environment. It is primarily used as a refrigerant where it is also known as R-142b and by trade names including Freon-142b.

## Physiochemical properties

1-Chloro-1,1-difluoroethane is a highly flammable, colorless gas under most atmospheric conditions. It has a boiling point of -10 °C. Its critical temperature is near 137 °C.

## Applications

HCFC-142b is used as a refrigerant, as a blowing agent for foam plastics production, and as feedstock to make polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF). It was introduced to replace the chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) that were initially undergoing a phase-out per the Montreal Protocol, but HCFCs still have a significant ozone-depletion ability. As of year 2020, HCFC's are replaced by non ozone depleting HFCs within many applications.
In the United States, the EPA stated that HCFCs could be used in "processes that result in the transformation or destruction of the HCFCs", such as using HCFC-142b as a feedstock to make PVDF. HCFCs could also be used in equipment that was manufactured before January 1, 2010. The point of these new regulations was to phase-out HCFCs in much the same way that CFCs were phased out. HCFC-142b production in non article 5 countries like the United States was banned on January 1, 2020, under the Montreal Protocol.

## Production history

According to the Alternative Fluorocarbons Environmental Acceptability Study (AFEAS), in 2006 global production (excluding India and China who did not report production data) of HCFC-142b was 33,779 metric tons and an increase in production from 2006 to 2007 of 34%.
For the most part, concentrations of HCFCs in the atmosphere match the emission rates that were reported by industries. The exception to this is HCFC-142b which had a higher concentration than the emission rates suggest it should.

## Environmental effects

The concentration of HCFC-142b in the atmosphere grew to over 20 parts per trillion by year 2010. It has an ozone depletion potential (ODP) of 0.07. This is low compared to the ODP=1 of trichlorofluoromethane (CFC-11, R-11), which also grew about ten times more abundant in the atmosphere by year 1985 (prior to introduction of HCFC-142b and the Montreal Protocol).
HCFC-142b is also a minor but potent greenhouse gas. It has an estimated lifetime of about 17 years and a 100-year global warming potential ranging 2300 to 5000. This compares to the GWP=1 of carbon dioxide, which had a much greater atmospheric concentration near 400 parts per million in year 2020.
# Kevin McKee (sledge hockey)

Kevin McKee (born February 11, 1990) is an American sled hockey player.
McKee was born in Davenport, Iowa. He was born with sacral agenesis. He won a gold medal with the American team at the 2014, 2018 and 2022 Winter Paralympics.
# Oreta sanguinea

Oreta sanguinea is a moth in the family Drepanidae. It was described by Frederic Moore in 1879. It is found in north-eastern India, Sikkim and Tibet.
# Javelin (Torke)

Javelin is a composition for orchestra by American composer Michael Torke. It was finished in 1994.

## Composition

Javelin was commissioned by the Atlanta Committee for the Olympics, which was about to celebrate the 50th anniversary of the Atlanta Symphony Orchestra. It was premiered in the Woodruff Arts Center in Atlanta, by the Atlanta Symphony Orchestra under Yoel Levi, on September 8, 1994. It was also performed in the opening ceremony of the 1996 Summer Olympics, which took place in Atlanta. It was later published by Boosey and Hawkes.

## Structure

The composition is in one movement and takes approximately 9 minutes to perform. The composition is in the key of A major. It is scored for a large orchestra. It has both the structure and the external appearance of an overture, even though it is not marked as such in the score. According to the composer, he had three things in mind when composing the piece:
* The orchestra had to be used as a virtuosic instrument
* The use of triads (three-note tonal chords) should be present along the score
* The music had to be thematic
Even though it consists of 591 measures, the playful, fast tempo resembles the swiftness of javelins. The strictly tonal character of this composition has led some critics to compare the style used by Torke with other classical composers, rather than modern and contemporary composers. According to Torke, this is his "most John Williams-like composition".

## Arrangements

Merlin Patterson wrote an arrangement of this piece in 1997 for wind ensemble. It was recorded by the University of Kansas Wind Ensemble under Paul W. Popiel in 2013. The arrangement was commissioned by the University of Houston School of Music and conductor Eddie Green.

## Recordings

This composition has been recorded several times by renowned conductors and orchestras:
* Yoel Levi first recorded the piece with the Atlanta Symphony Orchestra on November 14, 1995, in Atlanta's Symphony Hall. The recording was released by Argo Records.
* John Williams conducted the Boston Pops Orchestra in January 1996, in the Symphony Hall of Boston, Massachusetts. The recording was released by the NBC.
* Marin Alsop and the Royal Scottish National Orchestra released a recording in February 2002 under Naxos Records. The recording took place in the Henry Wood Hall in Glasgow.
* Paul W. Popiel and the University of Kansas Wind Quintet released a 1997 adaptation of the original work by Merlin Patterson. This adaptation was recorded again by Naxos in April 2012.
# Jason Wilson (triathlete)

Jason Wilson (born 31 October 1990) is a Barbadian triathlete. He competed in the men's event at the 2016 Summer Olympics.
# Orillia Ramara Regional Airport

Orillia Ramara Regional Airport (TC LID: CNJ4) is a registered aerodrome located 6.5 nautical miles (12.0 km; 7.5 mi) northeast of Orillia, Ontario, Canada.
The airport is classified as an airport of entry by Nav Canada and is staffed by the Canada Border Services Agency (CBSA). CBSA officers at this airport can handle general aviation aircraft only, with no more than 15 passengers.
# Javier Soria

Javier Soria (born 15 December 1974 in Lima) is a Peruvian former footballer who last played for Cobresol FBC.

## Club career

Soria has played for a number of clubs in Peru, including Alianza Atlético and Sporting Cristal.

## International career

Soria was selected for the Peru squad at Copa América 1999, but never made an appearance.

## Personal life

Soria is of Japanese Peruvian descent through his maternal family.
# Oscillatoria brevis

Oscillatoria brevis is a species of the genus Oscillatoria first identified in 1892. It is a blue-green filamentous cyanobacterium, which can be found in brackish and fresh waterways. O. brevis can also be isolated from soil.
Oscillatoria brevis is a mesophile but can bear a temperature of -16°C, and can perform photosynthesis at a temperature of 70°C. It is a photoautotroph, containing Chlorophyll a and c-phycocyanin, but can perform anoxygenic photosynthesis by reducing sulfur. It is able to fix nitrogen, and can be cultured from soils. It, along with other nitrogen fixing cyanobacteria found in the soil, has been found to positively correlate with soil richness and the microbe density. O. brevis has also been shown to be tolerant of some heavy metal ions, namely copper, silver, zinc, and cadmium.Oscillatoria is able to glide via microfibrils. The genus name Oscillatoria is in reference to the look of oscillation when gliding. The species name, brevis, is Latin for short or small, yet the microbe is 10 μm wide and length varies in the genus from 5–70 μm.

## Metabolites

Oscillatoria brevis is identified as an cyanobacteria that produces Geosmin, a compound with a heavy earthy smell, which correlates with chlorophyll production. Like many cyanobacteria, O. brevis have lipopolysaccharides which can cause illness in humans and animals through ingestion or through an open wound. Other species in the Oscillatoria genus have been identified to have genes for producing cytotoxin, cylindrospermopsin, along with two neurotoxins, anatoxin-a and homoanatoxin-a.
# Oscillatoriales

The Oscillatoriales are an order of cyanobacteria.
# Oscillatoria willei

Oscillatoria willei is a species of bacteria that is able to photosynthesize to make food, similarly to plants.

## Anatomy

Bacteria of the genus Oscillatoria occur in rows of cells of similar size. They form filaments called trichomes. Many trichomes are enveloped in a firm casing, but in this genus the casing is almost non-existent. This gives the filaments easier mobility in all directions.

## Nitrogen fixing ability

This species of Oscillatoria is able to fix nitrogen, but unlike other bacteria, it is uncertain whether or not it has cells specialized for that particular purpose.

## Hormogonia

Fragments of filaments of Oscillatoria willei are called hormogonia. They consist of dozens of cells, which sometimes break off to reproduce by establishing new colonies.

## Danger to Humans

Like all species of Oscillatoria, this species can cause skin irritation in humans who come in close contact with them in the tropics.
# 102nd Street chemical landfill

The 102nd Street chemical landfill is a former chemical landfill located on the Niagara River in Niagara Falls, New York. It is almost immediately adjacent to the infamous Love Canal chemical landfill, which are split from each other by the LaSalle Expressway and Frontier Avenue. Hooker Chemical Company, a subsidiary of Occidental Petroleum, and Olin Chemical, who were the original owners of the site, were ordered to clean up the site and pay $16,500,000 by the United States Environmental Protection Agency. It is a designated Superfund site, and is closed to the public.

## Site description

The 102nd Street landfill consists of two parcels, one owned by Olin Corporation and one owned by Hooker Chemical & Plastics Corporation at an area of 22.1 acres (89,000 m$^2$) total. Unlike Love Canal, which it is directly south of, the facility is still owned by Hooker (Occidental) and Olin, which are in the process of cleaning it up. It is part of the original canal excavation from which the Love Canal landfill takes its name. It currently appears to be a large field, as the chemicals are sealed off and buried underneath the soil. Griffon Park lies directly west, and currently, little residential development lies on either side of the area. The area is monitored with air and ground monitoring devices to measure the toxicity of the site.
At an unknown date, chemicals began seeping into the Niagara River. A concrete bulkhead has been constructed on the shore to stop the seepage of chemicals into the river. The area is fenced off by a six-foot-tall (1.8 m) chain-linked fence on all sides.

## History

The landfill takes its name from 102nd Street, a street that ran through the area before residents were evacuated and homes demolished.
The larger portion owned by Hooker was operated from 1943 until 1971. In that time period, 23,500 short tons (21,300 t) of mixed organic and/or inorganic compounds, solvents and phosphates, and related chemicals were dumped here including brine sludge, fly ash, electrochemical cell parts and related equipment plus 300 short tons (270 t) of hexachlorocyclohexane process cake, including lindane.
The smaller portion owned by Olin Corp. operated from 1948 to 1970. 6,600 short tons (6,000 t) of compounds and elements and an additional 20,000 short tons (18,000 t) of mercury brine and brine sludge, 1,000+ short tons (910+ t) tons of hazardous chemicals, 16 short tons (15 t) of concrete boiler ash, fly ash and other residual materials were deposited.
# Osceola Township, Stark County, Illinois

Osceola Township is located in Stark County, Illinois. As of the 2010 census, its population was 1,014 and it contained 428 housing units.

## Geography

According to the 2010 census, the township has a total area of 35.5 square miles (92 km$^2$), of which 35.49 square miles (91.9 km$^2$) (or 99.97%) is land and 0.01 square miles (0.026 km$^2$) (or 0.03%) is water.
# Oswaldo Larriva

Óscar Oswaldo Larriva Alvarado (1946 – 6 January 2020) was an Ecuadorian politician. He was a member of the National Congress from 1992 to 1994, and served as governor of Azuay Province between 2007 and 2009. Larriva returned to the legislature, which had been reconstituted as the National Assembly, from 2013 to 2017. He returned to the governorship of Azuay Province in 2019.
On 6 January 2020, Larriva died from cancer at age 74.
# 18-Hydroxycorticosterone

18-Hydroxycorticosterone is an endogenous steroid. It is a derivative of corticosterone.

## Function

18-Hydroxycorticosterone serves as an intermediate in the synthesis of aldosterone by the enzyme aldosterone synthase in the zona glomerulosa. It is also an intermediate in the biosynthesis of corticosterone. It spontaneously and reversibly converts to various less polar forms and derivatives, some of which serve as precursors to aldosterone or corticosterone. Specifically, 21-hydroxy-11,18-oxido-4-pregnene-3,20-dione (18-DAL) is hydroxylated to aldosterone in the presence of malate and NADP+ at pH 4.8, indicating that 18-DAL acts as a metabolic intermediate between 18-hydroxycorticosterone and aldosterone. Corticosterone is a mediate precursor in this biosynthesis pathway, with 18-hydroxycorticosterone serving as an intermediate between corticosterone and aldosterone.
# Ruslan Kishmaria

Ruslan Kishmaria is a politician from Abkhazia. Between May 1994 and 1997, and again from 1998 to March 2004, he was head of the Gali District. Between 1997 and 1998, Kishmaria was a deputy of the People's Assembly of Abkhazia. In 2004, Kishmaria unsuccessfully ran for Vice President alongside Anri Jergenia, finishing in fourth place with 2.63% of the vote.
On 4 May 2016, Kishmaria was awarded the Order of Leon by President Raul Khajimba.
# Rednal and West Felton railway station

Rednal & West Felton railway station was a minor station on the GWR's Paddington to Birkenhead main line. Today, this is part of the Shrewsbury to Chester line. The distinctive red brick station building (now a private house) can still be seen on the west side of the line.

## History

Express trains did not call at Rednal & West Felton, only local services.
On 7 June 1865, it was the site of a rail crash which killed 13 and injured 30. The driver of a heavy excursion train from Birkenhead to Shrewsbury failed to see a warning flag for track maintenance approaching the station and derailed.
According to the Official Handbook of Stations the following classes of traffic were being handled at this station in 1956: G, P, F, L, H & C and there was a three-ton crane.
# Inferior mesenteric plexus

The inferior mesenteric plexus is derived chiefly from the aortic plexus.
It surrounds the inferior mesenteric artery, and divides into a number of secondary plexuses, which are distributed to all the parts supplied by the artery, viz., the left colic and sigmoid plexuses, which supply the descending and sigmoid parts of the colon; and the superior hemorrhoidal plexus, which supplies the rectum and joins in the pelvis with branches from the pelvic plexuses.

## Additional images

* The right sympathetic chain and its connections with the thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic plexuses.
* Diagram of efferent sympathetic nervous system.
# Phoma oncidii-sphacelati

Phoma oncidii-sphacelati is a fungal plant pathogen infecting cattleyas.
# S7 Shanghai–Chongming Expressway

The S7 Shanghai–Chongming Expressway, commonly referred to as the Huchong Expressway (Chinese: 沪崇高速公路; pinyin: Hùchóng Gāosù Gōnglù) and designated S7, is an expressway in the city of Shanghai, China. The entire route runs within Baoshan District in the city of Shanghai, and was originally designated A13.

## Route

| Location | Name | Destinations |
| Shanghai S7 |||||||
| Baoshan District, Shanghai | Shanghai S6 / Shanghai S20 | Shanghai S6 / Shanghai S20 |
| Baoshan District, Shanghai | Bao'an Highway [zh] | Bao'an Highway [zh] |
| Baoshan District, Shanghai | G1503 | G1503 |
| Baoshan District, Shanghai | G346 Yueluo Highway | G346 Yueluo Highway |
| Closed/former Concurrency terminus HOV only Incomplete access Tolled Route transition Unopened |||||||
# Isoborneol

Isoborneol is a bicyclic organic compound and a terpene derivative. The hydroxyl group in this compound is placed in an exo position. The endo diastereomer is called borneol. Being chiral, isoborneol exists as enantiomers.

## Preparation

Isoborneol is synthesized commercially by hydrolysis of isobornyl acetate. The latter is obtained from treatment of camphene with acetic acid in the presence of a strong acid catalyst.
It can also be produced by reduction of camphor:

### Isoborneol derivatives as chiral ligands

Derivatives of isoborneol are used as ligands in asymmetric synthesis.
* (2S)-(−)-3-exo-(morpholino)isoborneol or MIB with a morpholine substituent in the α-hydroxyl position.
* (2S)-(−)-3-exo-(dimethylamino)isoborneol or DAIB with a dimethylamino substituent in the α-hydroxyl position
# 1934 World Table Tennis Championships – Women's team

The 1934 World Table Tennis Championships – Corbillon Cup (women's team) was the first edition of the women's team championship.
The cup was named the Corbillon Cup because it was named after Marcel Corbillon (the President of the French Table Tennis Association (FFTT) from 1933 to 1935) who donated the trophy for the winning team. Germany won the gold medal with a 5–0 record in the round robin group. Hungary won the silver medal and Czechoslovakia won the bronze medal.

## Corbillon Cup results

| Team one | Team two | Score |
| Germany | England | 3-1 |
| Germany | France | 3-1 |
| Germany | Netherlands | 3-0 |
| Germany | Hungary | 3-2 |
| Germany | Czechoslovakia | 3-2 |
| England | France | 3-1 |
| England | Netherlands | 3-0 |
| England | Hungary | 0-3 |
| England | Czechoslovakia | 1-3 |
| France | Netherlands | 3-0 |
| France | Hungary | 0-3 |
| France | Czechoslovakia | 1-3 |
| Netherlands | Hungary | 0-3 |
| Netherlands | Czechoslovakia | 0-3 |
| Hungary | Czechoslovakia | 3-2 |

## Final table

| Pos | Team | P | W | L | Squad |
| 1 | Germany | 5 | 5 | 0 | Anita Felguth, Annemarie Haensch, Astrid Krebsbach, Mona Muller |
| 2 | Hungary | 5 | 4 | 1 | Magda Gál, Mária Mednyánszky, Anna Sipos |
| 3 | Czechoslovakia | 5 | 3 | 2 | Marie Kettnerová, Marie Šmídová, Jozka Veselska |
| 4 | England | 5 | 2 | 3 | Dora Emdin, Nora Norrish, Margaret Osborne, Wendy Woodhead |
| 5 | France | 5 | 1 | 4 | Yvonne Fayard, Marguerite De Tenaud, Monique Ravigneaux, Didi Tughendat |
| 6 | Netherlands | 5 | 0 | 5 | Loes Hiltrop, Aartje Kappelhoff, Marie-Helene Sohn |
# Jazzablanca

Jazzablanca is an international jazz festival held yearly in Casablanca, Morocco. Thousands of festival-goers gather at 4 stages over 9 days.

## Description

At the hippodrome, there are concerts held at 3 different stages over 6 days. For these concerts, an admission fee is charged.
There are also concerts held at United Nations Square over 3 days. Admission is free for these concerts.

## Some artists who've performed at Jazzablanca

* Al Jarreau
* Dianne Reeves
* Billy Paul
* Gloria Gaynor
* Pat Martino
* Jason Mraz
* Esperanza Spalding
* Marcus Miller
* LP
* Patti Smith
* Franz Ferdinand
* Meryem Aboulouafa
# Khanozai Khushab

Khanozai Khushab is a village in Pishin District, tehsil Karezat. It is almost 70 kilometres (43 mi) east the capital city of Balochistan, Quetta and about 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) away from the small city of Khanozai.
* This Balochistan location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Khanowal

Khanowal is a village in Kapurthala district of Punjab State, India. It is located 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) from Kapurthala, which is both district and sub-district headquarters of Khanowal. The village is administrated by a Sarpanch who is an elected representative of village as per the constitution of India and Panchayati raj (India).

## Demography

According to the report published by Census India in 2011, Khanowal has 211 houses with the total population of 1,051 persons of which 544 are male and 507 females. Literacy rate of Khanowal is 71.81%, lower than the state average of 75.84%. The population of children in the age group 0–6 years is 125 which is 11.89% of the total population. Child sex ratio is approximately 838, lower than the state average of 846.

## Population data

| Particulars | Total | Male | Female |
| Total No. of Houses | 211 | - | - |
| Population | 1,051 | 544 | 507 |
| Child (0-6) | 125 | 68 | 57 |
| Schedule Caste | 372 | 192 | 180 |
| Schedule Tribe | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Literacy | 71.81 % | 75.42 % | 68.00 % |
| Total Workers | 368 | 300 | 68 |
| Main Worker | 364 | 0 | 0 |
| Marginal Worker | 4 | 3 | 1 |
# Otto Eckmann

Otto Eckmann (19 November 1865 – 11 June 1902) was a German painter and graphic artist. He was a prominent member of the "floral" branch of Jugendstil. He created the Eckmann typeface, which was based on Japanese calligraphy and medieval font design.

## Biography

Otto Eckmann was born in the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg, Germany in 1865. He studied at the Kunstgewerbeschule in Hamburg and Nuremberg and at the academy in Munich. In 1894, Eckmann gave up painting (and auctioned off his works) in order to concentrate on applied design. He began producing graphic work for the magazines Pan in 1895 and Jugend which had roughly 20,000 readers every week in 1896. He also designed book covers for the publishers Cotta, Diederichs, Scherl and Seemann, as well as the logo for the publishing house S. Fischer Verlag. Eckmann used woodblock print for his work on Jugend magazine similar to japanese woodblock prints and later-adapted French styles. Eckmann's work differed from others in the Art Nouveau movement in that he used dimensionality in his designs, where most designers used a flat look Eckmann's work shows a clear background, middle-ground and foreground.
In 1897 he taught ornamental painting at the Unterrichtsanstalt des Königlichen Kunstgewerbemuseums in Berlin. In 1899, he designed the logo for the magazine Die Woche. From 1900 to 1902, Eckmann did graphic work for the Allgemeine Elektrizitätsgesellschaft (AEG). During this time, he designed the fonts Eckmann (in 1900) and Fette Eckmann (in 1902), probably the most common Jugendstil fonts still in use. Eckmann was also proficient in tile design and furniture design.
Eckmann died of the tuberculosis that had plagued him for years on 11 June 1902, at age 37 in Badenweiler, Germany.

## Style and works

Otto Eckmann was skilled in many areas of art and design including tile, textile, embroidery, furniture, and painting. Eckmann worked as a painter from his education in 1865 to 1894 when he changed careers to focus on applied design. Few works from this time remain. Of what does remain there is pottery, painting, sculpture and textile. More works remain from after his shift to applied design. Eckmann's work as part of the Arts and Crafts movement, Art Nouveau, and its German counterpart jugendstil. Much of Eckmann's work depicted swans, as well as women. The latter was common for the Art Nouveau movement, however Eckmann's love of swans was more personal but expanded to all of jugendstil, becoming a common subject of works in the movement and serving as a symbol for it. Eckmann's work has been auctioned many times with prices ranging from US$216 to US$16,250.