# Jiexiu

Jiexiu is a county-level city in the central part of Shanxi Province, China. It is under the administration of the prefecture-level city of Jinzhong and is located in the latter's western confines. Notable sites in and around Jiexiu include Mount Mian, Zhangbi Fortress, Houtu Temple and Xianshenlou.

## Names

The territory around Mt Mian was known as Mianshang under the Zhou. By the Jin, the territory was known as Dingyang and the settlement at Jiexiu proper as Pingchang. Under the Northern Wei (4th–5th century), both became known as Jiexiu Commandery. Under the Tang, this was renamed Jiezhou AD 618–627.

## History

Mianshang was supposedly set apart by Duke Chong'er to endow sacrifices for his retainer Jie Zhitui c. 636 BC. The early histories state that Jie had loyally followed Chong'er in exile around China for 19 years but, when Chong'er was installed as duke of Jin by a Qin army, Jie had chosen to retire as a hermit rather than debase himself by asking for favors. In time, this caused him to be seen as a Taoist immortal. Later legend embellished the tale, having Jie save Chong'er from starvation by cooking a soup made from meat from his own thigh only to be killed when Chong'er listened to advice from Jin courtiers that the way to drive him out of the mountains was to light a forest fire. The idea was that Jie's duty to his mother would overcome his pride and they would flee together; instead, their corpses were found days later beneath a willow. Temples were erected in Jie's honor and, by the Han, the people of Shanxi tried to curry favor with his spirit by observing a Cold Food Festival in the dead of winter. They ignored repeated attempts to ban it although, as it moved to spring and spread throughout China, it eventually developed into the present-day Tomb-Sweeping Festival.
During the Warring States Period, the area of Jiexiu was held by Zhao before its conquest by Qin. Under the Han, it was part of Dingyang County (t 定陽縣, s 定阳县, Dìngyáng Xiàn) in Shang Commandery. Jiexiu County was created under the Jin, but with its seat southeast of the current town. The Northern Wei moved to the present location—then known as Pingchang—around AD 484 and made it the seat of a commandery. This was made a county again by the Sui in 598, restored by the Tang in 617, and changed to a prefecture the next year.

## Climate

Jiexiu experiences a semi-arid climate (Köppen climate classification BSk). Spring is dry, with frequent dust storms, followed by early summer heat waves. Summer tends to be warm to hot with most of the year's rainfall concentrated in July and August. Winter is long and cold, but dry and sunny. Because of the aridity, there tends to be considerable diurnal variation in temperature, except during the summer. The monthly 24-hour average temperature ranges from −4.0 °C (24.8 °F) in January to 24.6 °C (76.3 °F) in July, while the annual mean is 11.18 °C (52.1 °F). With monthly percent possible sunshine ranging from 49% in July to 60% in May, the city receives 2,425 hours of bright sunshine annually.
Climate data for Jiexiu, elevation 746 m (2,448 ft), (1991–2020 normals) :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 14.0 (57.2) | 22.9 (73.2) | 30.2 (86.4) | 36.3 (97.3) | 35.1 (95.2) | 40.6 (105.1) | 38.7 (101.7) | 38.4 (101.1) | 36.8 (98.2) | 29.2 (84.6) | 25.4 (77.7) | 17.7 (63.9) | 40.6 (105.1) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 3.0 (37.4) | 7.5 (45.5) | 14.1 (57.4) | 21.1 (70.0) | 26.3 (79.3) | 30.3 (86.5) | 30.9 (87.6) | 28.8 (83.8) | 24.4 (75.9) | 18.6 (65.5) | 10.9 (51.6) | 4.3 (39.7) | 18.4 (65.0) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −3.6 (25.5) | 0.3 (32.5) | 6.8 (44.2) | 13.7 (56.7) | 19.2 (66.6) | 23.1 (73.6) | 24.7 (76.5) | 22.6 (72.7) | 17.6 (63.7) | 11.5 (52.7) | 4.2 (39.6) | −1.8 (28.8) | 11.5 (52.8) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −9.1 (15.6) | −5.5 (22.1) | 0.3 (32.5) | 6.3 (43.3) | 11.5 (52.7) | 15.8 (60.4) | 19.1 (66.4) | 17.5 (63.5) | 12.0 (53.6) | 5.5 (41.9) | −1.1 (30.0) | −6.7 (19.9) | 5.5 (41.8) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −21.0 (−5.8) | −22.6 (−8.7) | −10.0 (14.0) | −5.7 (21.7) | −1.3 (29.7) | 4.7 (40.5) | 10.4 (50.7) | 9.1 (48.4) | −0.5 (31.1) | −6.5 (20.3) | −17.0 (1.4) | −21.9 (−7.4) | −22.6 (−8.7) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 3.4 (0.13) | 6.2 (0.24) | 10.4 (0.41) | 29.2 (1.15) | 31.0 (1.22) | 43.0 (1.69) | 102.7 (4.04) | 102.1 (4.02) | 61.8 (2.43) | 35.4 (1.39) | 12.7 (0.50) | 3.3 (0.13) | 441.2 (17.35) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 2.4 | 3.0 | 3.8 | 5.9 | 6.6 | 8.5 | 11.4 | 10.4 | 8.5 | 6.5 | 3.7 | 1.9 | 72.6 |
| Average snowy days | 3.1 | 3.7 | 2.1 | 0.5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.1 | 2.0 | 2.4 | 13.9 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 52 | 50 | 46 | 47 | 49 | 57 | 70 | 75 | 73 | 66 | 60 | 53 | 58 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 144.4 | 158.5 | 195.6 | 220.2 | 238.7 | 198.9 | 172.0 | 168.3 | 150.5 | 159.1 | 148.0 | 143.1 | 2,097.3 |
| Percent possible sunshine | 47 | 51 | 52 | 55 | 54 | 45 | 39 | 41 | 41 | 46 | 49 | 48 | 47 |
| Source: China Meteorological Administration ||||||||||||||

## Government

Jiexiu administers an area divided into five subdistricts, seven towns, and three townships:
Subdistricts :
| Name | Simp. | Trad. | Pinyin |
| Beiguan | 北关街道 | 北關街道 | Běiguān Jiēdào |
| Xiguan | 西关街道 | 西關街道 | Xīguān Jiēdào |
| Dongnan | 东南街道 | 東南街道 | Dōngnán Jiēdào |
| Xinan | 西南街道 | 西南街道 | Xīnán Jiēdào |
| Beitan | 北坛街道 | 北關街道 | Běitán Jiēdào |
| Towns ||||
| Yi'an | 义安镇 | 義安鎮 | Yì'ān Zhèn |
| Zhanglan | 张兰镇 | 張蘭鎮 | Zhānglán Zhèn |
| Lianfu | 连福镇 | 連福鎮 | Liánfú Zhèn |
| Hongshan | 洪山镇 | 洪山鎮 | Hóngshān Zhèn |
| Longfeng | 龙凤镇 | 龍鳳鎮 | Lóngfèng Zhèn |
| Mianshan | 绵山镇 | 綿山鎮 | Miánshān Zhèn |
| Yitang | 义棠镇 | 義棠鎮 | Yìtáng Zhèn |
| Townships ||||
| Chengguan | 城关乡 | 城關鄉 | Chéngguān Xiāng |
| Songgu | 宋古乡 | 宋古鄉 | Sònggǔ Xiāng |
| Sanjia | 三佳乡 | 三佳鄉 | Sānjiā Xiāng |

## Transport

* G5 Beijing–Kunming Expressway
* China National Highway 108