# 1190s in England

Events from the 1190s in England.

## Incumbents

* Monarch – Richard I (to 6 April 1199), then John

## Events

* 1190
** 6 February – massacre of almost all Jews in Norwich.
** 7 March – massacre of Jews at Stamford Fair.
** 16 March – a mob besieges 150 Jews in York Castle, killing those who do not commit suicide.
** 18 March – massacre of 57 Jews at Bury St. Edmunds.
** 4 July – Kings Richard I of England and Philip II of France set out from France to join the Third Crusade.
** Summer – William Longchamp arrests his co-regent Hugh de Puiset and rules alone as Lord Chancellor, Justiciar, and papal legate.
** First known foreign scholar commences study at what will become the University of Oxford, Emo of Friesland.
* 1191
** 12 May – Richard I marries Berengaria of Navarre on Cyprus; she will never visit England during his lifetime.
** 12 July – Third Crusade: Siege of Acre ends with a crusader victory led by Philip II and Richard I.
** 7 September – Third Crusade: Richard defeats Saladin at the Battle of Arsuf.
** October – Prince John of England deposes William Longchamp.
** 27 November – Reginald fitz Jocelin elected Archbishop of Canterbury but dies before being consecrated.
** Monks at Glastonbury Abbey claim to have found the tomb of King Arthur and Queen Guinevere.
* 1192
** 5 August – Third Crusade: Richard defeats Saladin at the Battle of Jaffa.
** 2 September – Treaty of Jaffa between Richard and Saladin allows Christian pilgrims to visit Jerusalem and ends the Third Crusade. Richard leaves the Holy Land in October.
** 11 December – returning from the Crusade, Richard is taken prisoner by Leopold V, Duke of Austria, and secured at Dürnstein.
** Prince John recognised as heir to the throne, and takes control of the royal castles at Windsor and Wallingford.
** Rebuilding of Lincoln Cathedral begins.
** Richard of Devizes composes Chronicon de rebus gestis Ricardi Primi.
* 1193
** 14 February – Richard I is handed to custody of Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor, and moved to Speyer.
** 29 May – Hubert Walter enthroned as Archbishop of Canterbury.
* 1194
** 4 February – Richard I ransomed from captivity.
** c. 10 February – Henry Marshal is nominated Bishop of Exeter.
** 12 March–28 March – Richard returns to England and besieges Nottingham Castle to reclaim it from his brother John.
** 17 April – second coronation of Richard I at Winchester.
** 2 May – Portsmouth granted a Royal Charter; dock ordered to be built here.
** 12 May – after settling affairs in England, Richard I leaves for Barfleur in Normandy to reclaim lands lost to Philip II of France.
** 3 July – Battle of Fréteval: Richard I reconquers his French fiefdoms from Philip II.
** Hubert Walter appointed as Justiciar.
** September: Articles of Eyre proclaimed. Hubert Walter establishes the office of coroner.
** Ordinance of the Jewry: for taxation purposes, records are to be kept of financial transactions. England elects to be served financially by Jews, hence the eponym.
* 1195
** Treaty of Louviers suspends war between England and France; France takes control of Norman Vexin.
** Bushmead Priory founded.
** New stone Lydford Castle built in the Forest of Dartmoor.
* 1196
** Spring – in London, a popular uprising of the poor against the rich is led by William Fitz Osbern.
** Assize of Measures establishes the ell as the standard English measure, and regulates the production of cloth.
* 1197
** A statute establishes standard weights and measures.
* 1198
** June – England resumes its war against France, re-occupying Norman Vexin.
** June 23 – fire at Bury St Edmunds Abbey.
** September – Battle of Gisors: English victory over the French.
* 1199
** 13 January – short-lived truce between England and France.
** 6 April – King Richard I dies of a wound received at the siege of the castle of Châlus in France.
** 27 May – coronation of King John of England, Richard's brother.
** Hubert Walter appointed as Lord Chancellor.
** King Philip II of France renews his war against England, supporting the rival claim to the English throne of Arthur of Brittany.
** St John's Jerusalem at Sutton-at-Hone, Kent, established as a Commandry of the Knights Hospitaller.
** St Laurence's Church, Ludlow, is rebuilt.

## Births

* 1193
** William de Ferrers, 5th Earl of Derby (died 1254)
* 1195
** Roger de Quincy, 2nd Earl of Winchester (died 1265)
* 1197
** Richard of Chichester, bishop, canonised (died 1253)

## Deaths

* 1190
** 19 November – Baldwin of Exeter, Archbishop of Canterbury
** Ranulf de Glanvill, chief justiciar
** Robert de Beaumont, 3rd Earl of Leicester
* 1191
** 26 December – Reginald fitz Jocelin Archbishop-elect of Canterbury
* 1194
** Abbas Benedictus, abbot of Peterborough
* 1195
** Hugh de Puiset, bishop of Durham (born c. 1125)
* 1196
** William Fitz Osbern, London citizen
* 1197
** William Longchamp, Lord Chancellor
* 1198
** William of Newburgh, historian (born c. 1136)
* 1199
** 6 April – Richard I of England (killed in battle) (born 1157)
** 4 September – Joan of England, Queen of Sicily, wife of William II of Sicily (born 1165)
* uncertain
** William Fitzstephen, servant of Thomas Becket and sheriff of Gloucester