OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Sara Pozzi

Sara A. Pozzi is an Italian nuclear engineer. She is the co-author of the MCNPX-PoliMi code for Monte Carlo simulation of neutron transport and nuclear fission, and she studies methods for detecting nuclear materials and their application in preventing nuclear proliferation. She is a University Diversity and Social Transformation Professor at the University of Michigan, jointly appointed to the Department of Nuclear Engineering and Radiological Sciences and the Department of Physics, director of the Consortium for Monitoring, Technology, and Verification, and director of diversity, equity, and inclusion for the University of Michigan College of Engineering.

## Education and career

Pozzi studied nuclear engineering at the Polytechnic University of Milan, earning a laurea (the equivalent of a master's degree) in 1997 and completing her Ph.D. there in 2001. Her doctoral dissertation, Fast-Time Correlation Measurements in Nuclear Safeguards, was advised by Marzio Marseguerra.
After postdoctoral research at the Polytechnic University of Milan, she was a researcher at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory from 2002 until moving to the University of Michigan in 2007, as an associate professor in the Department of Nuclear Engineering and Radiological Sciences. She was tenured there in 2010, promoted to full professor in 2015, and added a joint appointment in the Department of Physics in 2018.
She founded the Detection for Nuclear Nonproliferation Group in 2007, and the Consortium for Verification Technology in 2014.

## Recognition

Pozzi was named as a Fellow of the American Nuclear Society in 2017, and a Fellow of the Institute of Nuclear Materials Management in 2018. She was named an IEEE Fellow, in the 2020 class of fellows, "for contributions to neutron detection techniques and neutron transport Monte Carlo methods".
# Kazakhstan at the 2017 Summer Universiade

Kazakhstan participated at the 2017 Summer Universiade which was held in Taipei, Taiwan.
Kazakhstan sent a delegation consisting of only 122 competitors for the event competing 13 sporting events. Kazakhstan claimed 16 medals at the multi-sport event.
# Odobești, Dâmbovița

Odobești is a commune in Dâmbovița County, Muntenia, Romania with a population of 5,183 people (2011 census). It is composed of five villages: Brâncoveanu, Crovu, Miulești, Odobești and Zidurile.
# 1990 Giro di Lombardia

The 1990 Giro di Lombardia was the 84th edition of the Giro di Lombardia cycle race and was held on 20 October 1990. The race started and finished in Monza. The race was won by Gilles Delion of the Helvetia–La Suisse team.

## General classification

| Rank | Rider | Team | Time |
| 1 | Gilles Delion (FRA) | Helvetia–La Suisse | 6h 11' 45" |
| 2 | Pascal Richard (SUI) | Helvetia–La Suisse | + 0" |
| 3 | Charly Mottet (FRA) | RMO | + 0" |
| 4 | Robert Millar (GBR) | Z–Tomasso | + 0" |
| 5 | Federico Echave (ESP) | CLAS–Cajastur | + 0" |
| 6 | Claude Criquielion (BEL) | Lotto–Superclub | + 3' 35" |
| 7 | Leonardo Sierra (VEN) | Selle Italia–Eurocar–Mosoca–Galli | + 3' 35" |
| 8 | Marino Lejarreta (ESP) | ONCE | + 3' 38" |
| 9 | Thomas Wegmüller (SUI) | Weinmann–SMM–Uster | + 3' 56" |
| 10 | Sean Kelly (IRL) | PDM–Concorde–Ultima | + 4' 06" |
# Kührstedt

Kührstedt is a village and a former municipality in the district of Cuxhaven, in Lower Saxony, Germany. Since 1 January 2015 it is part of the town Geestland.
Kührstedt belonged to the Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen, established in 1180. In 1648 the Prince-Archbishopric was transformed into the Duchy of Bremen, which was first ruled in personal union by the Swedish Crown - interrupted by a Danish occupation (1712–1715) - and from 1715 on by the Hanoverian Crown. The Kingdom of Hanover incorporated the Duchy in a real union and the Ducal territory, including Kührstedt, became part of the new Stade Region, established in 1823.
# Pason

Pason is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
# 2016 Nordic Opening

The 2016 Nordic Opening or the second Lillehammer Triple was the 7th edition of the Nordic Opening, an annual cross-country skiing mini-tour event. The three-day event was the second competition round of the 2016–17 FIS Cross-Country World Cup.

## World Cup points distribution

The winners of the overall standings were awarded 200 World Cup points and the winners of each of the three stages were awarded 50 World Cup points.
Nordic Opening Overall :
| Position | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 |
| Points | 200 | 160 | 120 | 100 | 90 | 80 | 72 | 64 | 58 | 52 | 48 | 44 | 40 | 36 | 32 | 30 | 28 | 26 | 24 | 22 | 20 | 18 | 16 | 14 | 12 | 10 | 8 | 6 | 4 | 2 |
Nordic Overall Stage :
| Position | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 |
| Points | 50 | 46 | 43 | 40 | 37 | 34 | 32 | 30 | 28 | 26 | 24 | 22 | 20 | 18 | 16 | 15 | 14 | 13 | 12 | 11 | 10 | 9 | 8 | 7 | 6 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 |
A total of 350 points was possible to achieve if one athlete won all three stages and the overall standings.

## Overall standings

Men's Overall standings (1–10) :
| Rank | Name | Time |
| 1 | Martin Johnsrud Sundby (NOR) | 1:05:40.1 |
| 2 | Johannes Høsflot Klæbo (NOR) | +2.3 |
| 3 | Matti Heikkinen (FIN) | +2.7 |
| 4 | Emil Iversen (NOR) | +3.6 |
| 5 | Calle Halfvarsson (SWE) | +6.3 |
| 6 | Marcus Hellner (SWE) | +6.8 |
| 7 | Pål Golberg (NOR) | +9.9 |
| 8 | Finn Hågen Krogh (NOR) | +15.0 |
| 9 | Alex Harvey (CAN) | +16.2 |
| 10 | Iivo Niskanen (FIN) | +52.0 |
Women's Overall standings (1–10) :
| Rank | Name | Time |
| 1 | Heidi Weng (NOR) | 44:21.1 |
| 2 | Ingvild Flugstad Østberg (NOR) | +16.1 |
| 3 | Krista Pärmäkoski (FIN) | +21.0 |
| 4 | Marit Bjørgen (NOR) | +57.5 |
| 5 | Stina Nilsson (SWE) | +1:26.1 |
| 6 | Yuliya Chekalyova (RUS) | +1:31.0 |
| 7 | Maiken Caspersen Falla (NOR) | +1:33.4 |
| 8 | Jessie Diggins (USA) | +1:39.4 |
| 9 | Laura Mononen (FIN) | +1:43.3 |
| 10 | Ragnhild Haga (NOR) | +1:50.7 |

## Overall leadership by stage

Overall leadership by stage :
| Stage | Men | Men | Women | Women |
| Stage | Winner | Overall standings | Winner | Overall standings |
| 1 | Calle Halfvarsson | Calle Halfvarsson | Heidi Weng | Heidi Weng |
| 2 | Calle Halfvarsson | Calle Halfvarsson | Jessie Diggins | Heidi Weng |
| 3 | Matti Heikkinen | Martin Johnsrud Sundby | Krista Pärmäkoski | Heidi Weng |
| Final | Final | Martin Johnsrud Sundby | Final | Heidi Weng |
# Patrick Duncan

Patrick Duncan may refer to:
* Sir Patrick Duncan (South African politician) (1870–1943), Governor-General of South Africa
* Patrick Sheane Duncan (born 1947), American writer, film producer and director
* Paddy Duncan (1894–1949), Irish footballer
* Patrick Duncan (anti-apartheid activist) (1918–1967)
* Pat Duncan (baseball) (1893–1960), baseball player
* Pat Duncan (born 1960), Canadian Liberal politician
# L'Arboç

L'Arboç (Catalan pronunciation:) is a village in the province of Tarragona and autonomous community of Catalonia, Spain.
L'Arboç contains a half-scale replica of the La Giralda in Seville. The building also contains copies of the Court of the Lions from the Alhambra, and the Hall of the Ambassadors from the Alcázar of Seville. It also contains a reproduction of the Barcelona Columbus monument.
The municipality has an exclave to the north-east.
# Op. 115

In music, Op. 115 stands for Opus number 115. Compositions that are assigned this number include:
* Arnold – Clarinet Concerto No. 2
* Beethoven – Zur Namensfeier
* Brahms – Clarinet Quintet
* Dvořák – Armida (Dvořák)
* Fauré – Piano Quintet No. 2
* Prokofiev – Sonata for Solo Violin
* Ries – Piano Concerto No. 4
* Sallinen – Concerto for Two Accordions, Strings and Percussion
* Schumann – Overture and incidental music, Manfred
# Rolands Upatnieks

Rolands Upatnieks (13 December 1932 – 11 May 1994) was a Latvian luger. He competed in the men's doubles event at the 1976 Winter Olympics.
# Kühren-Burkartshain

Kühren-Burkartshain is a former municipality in the former district Muldentalkreis, Saxony. It was formed in 1994 by the merger of the municipalities Kühren and Burkartshain. In October 2006, it was merged into the town Wurzen.
* This Leipzig location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Lakki Marwat Tehsil

Lakki Marwat is a tehsil located in Lakki Marwat District, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. The population is 579,274 according to the 2017 census.
# Kusche

Kusche is a German surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* August Kusche (1869 – 1934), German botanist and entomologist
* Benno Kusche (1916–2010), German operatic baritone
* Larry Kusche (born 1940), American author, research librarian and pilot
* Maria Kusche (1928–2012), Spanish art historian of German descent
# Princess Bernardina Christina Sophia of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach

Princess Bernhardina Christiana Sophia of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach (5 May 1724 in Weimar – 5 June 1757 in Rudolstadt), was a Princess of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach by birth and Princess of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt by marriage.

## Life

She was a daughter of Ernest Augustus I, Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach (1688-1748) from his first marriage with Princess Eleonore Wilhelmine of Anhalt-Köthen (1696-1726), the daughter of Emmanuel Lebrecht, Prince of Anhalt-Köthen. She married on 19 November 1744 in Eisenach to John Frederick, Prince of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt (1721-1767).
The princess, who was described as particularly benevolent, acquired the Handwerkerhof in Rudolstadt in 1756 and founded the Bernardina Abbey for noblewomen in this building. Her coat of arms at the entrance to the building are a reminder of her. The building was extended to house six noblewomen. To this end, Bernhardine purchased a neighbouring building and incorporated it into the abbey. She personally wrote the constitution of the abbey.
She did not live to see the inauguration of the abbey in 1757, because she died at age 33. She was deeply mourned by her husband, who never remarried.
Paintings of Berhardina and her husband by Johann Ernst Heinsius are on display in the green room of Heidecksburg Castle.

## Issue

From her marriage Bernhardina Christiana Sophia had the following children:
* Princess Frederika of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt (1745-1778); married in 1763 Frederick Charles, Prince of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt (1736-1793)
* Unnamed child (1746-1746)
* Unnamed child (1747-1747)
* Princess Sophia Ernestina of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt (1749-1754)
* Princess Wilhelmina of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt (1751-1780); married in 1766 Louis, Prince of Nassau-Saarbrücken (1745-1794)
* Princess Henrietta Charlotte of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt (1752-1756)
# Santa Rita Airport

Santa Rita Airport (ICAO: SLRT) is a rural airstrip serving the lightly populated pampa region of the Beni Department of Bolivia. The nearest town is Santa Rosa de Yacuma, 50 kilometres (31 mi) southwest.
The San Borja VOR (Ident: BOR) is located 59.9 nautical miles (110.9 km) south-southwest of the airport.
# Santha Bommali

Santhabommali is a village in Srikakulam district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh.

## Demographics

As of 2001 Indian census, the demographic details of Santhabommali mandal is as follows:
* Total Population: 64,845 in 14,585 Households
* Male Population: 32,198 and Female Population: 32,647
* Children Under 6-years of age: 9,171 (Boys - 4,595 and Girls - 4,576)
* Total Literates: 27,166
# Katya De Giovanni

Katya De Giovanni is a Maltese politician from the Labour Party. She was elected to the Parliament of Malta in the 2022 Maltese general election from District 4.
# Ochraethes obscuricornis

Ochraethes obscuricornis is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Bates in 1892.
# Ouled Madhi

Ouled Madhi is a town and commune in M'Sila Province, Algeria. According to the 1998 census it has a population of 6,525.
# Laigh Kirk, Kilmarnock

The Laigh Kirk is a church in Kilmarnock, East Ayrshire, Scotland and has a remake of Homeless Jesus.

## History

The current church, the third on the site, was built in 1802. The first church was probably founded by St Marnock, but the earliest extant fabric is the base of the tower, dated 1410. This church was replaced in 1750..Two men named John Ross and John Sheilds were executed in Edinburgh and their heads placed outside the kirk their heads were eventually buried in the kirk`s graveyard.
By 1801, the building was too small to accommodate the large congregation. The passageways and stairs were small and very narrow. The stability of the building had been called into question and there was a local belief in a prophecy that the building was destined to fall down on to the congregation.
On Sunday 18 October 1801, the congregation was unusually large, as churches in neighbouring parishes were vacant, and many had flocked to the Laigh to hear "Great McKinlay", the preacher. As the minister was about to enter the church, a small piece of plaster fell from the ceiling. A cry went up that the building was falling down, panic ensued and the congregation started to rush outside. Those upstairs became tightly jammed together, many fell, crushing and suffocating those poor souls underneath them. Some were crushed against the inward-opening doors at the foot of the stairs. Some desperate people threw themselves from the gallery into body of the kirk, others leapt from windows into the graveyard. 29 people were killed in the stampede and another died soon after. The church was quickly torn down and the current, more spacious church was built the following year.

## Modern Day

The current minister is Rev. David Cameron, the chair of the Assembly Trustees the Church of Scotland. He has been in post since 2001, as the only charge he has served in as minister.
# 1975 Dutch hostage crisis

Dutch hostage crisis may refer to:
* 1975 Dutch train hostage crisis
* 1975 Indonesian consulate hostage crisis
# Pecorino (disambiguation)

Pecorino may refer to:
* Pecorino, hard Italian cheeses made from sheep's milk
** Pecorino di Filiano
** Pecorino romano
** Pecorino sardo
** Pecorino siciliano
** Pecorino toscano
** Red Pecorino
* Pecorino (grape), white Italian wine grape variety
* Emanuele Pecorino (born 2001), Italian professional footballer
# Kuschel

Kuschel is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Guillermo Kuschel (1918–2017), Chile-born entomologist deceased in New Zealand
* Maximilian Kuschel (1851–1909), German ornithologist and oologist
# Soak It Up (disambiguation)

Soak It Up is a 1983 album by comedy rock group Barnes & Barnes.
Soak It Up may also refer to:
# Kühren

Kühren is a municipality in the district of Plön, in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany.
# Patrick Fleming

Patrick or Pat Fleming may refer to:
* Patrick Fleming (Franciscan), Irish Franciscan scholar
* Patrick Fleming (highwayman) (died 1650), Irish highwayman
* Patrick D. Fleming (1918–1956), World War II U.S. Navy fighter ace
* Pat Fleming (pool player) (born 1948), American pocket billiards (pool) player, founder of Accu-Stats Video, and BCA Hall of Fame inductee
* Pat Fleming (politician) (born 1949), state senator in Arizona, and a former US Army analyst
* Pat Fleming (Canadian football) (born 1978), former Canadian Football League punter and placekicker
# One Step Beyond (Dungeon album)

One Step Beyond is the fourth album from Australian heavy metal band Dungeon. It was released in Australia in November 2004 by Metal Warriors and in Japan at the same time by Sound Holic. LMP released the album worldwide in February 2005. Unlike the albums that preceded and followed it, One Step Beyond featured the same artwork and track-listing in all markets where it was released (although the United States version has a different running order). The Australian version was to contain covers of "Til the Living End" by Dokken and Queen's "The Hero" but Dungeon's German label LMP refused to allow them to issue an alternate edition and the tracks were later made available as downloads. LMP later issued a special edition for the US market that also included the band's self-produced 2004 live DVD.
Drummer Steve Moore left Dungeon before the album was released. The band photos in the CD booklet feature Lord Tim and Stu Marshall with new drummer Grahame Goode and former bass player Justin Sayers, who had left the group in 1999.

## Recording notes

* Several of the tracks on this album deal with self-empowerment and personal struggle against adversity.
* The track "Epilogue" is a heavily-distorted instrumental version of the Australian national anthem Advance Australia Fair.
* "Under the Cross" is about the battle of the Eureka Stockade, a gold miner's uprising on the Victorian goldfields in 1854.
* "The Art of War" was inspired by Sun Tzu's ancient treatise on the military and warfare, The Art of War.
* "Tarranno del Mar" is about a demonic pirate. The title translates as "Terror of the Seas". Lord Tim's post-Dungeon band Lord recorded a sequel in 2010 that was released as the title track of the EP "Return of the Tyrant".

## Personnel

* Lord Tim - vocals, guitar, keyboards, bass
* Stu Marshall - guitar, vocals
* Steve Moore - drums, vocals
# Jahrmarkt

Jahrmarkt is the German name of:
* Balassagyarmat, Hungary
* Giarmata, Romania
# 1902 Minnesota Golden Gophers football team

The 1902 Minnesota Golden Gophers football team represented the University of Minnesota in the 1902 Western Conference football season. In their third year under head coach Henry L. Williams, the Golden Gophers compiled a 9–2–1 record (3–1 against Western Conference opponents), finished in third place in the conference, shut out nine of their twelve opponents, and outscored all opponents by a combined total of 335 to 34. The Gophers' 102 points against Grinnell on November 1, was the largest point total to that date in the program's history and the first time a Minnesota team scored 100 or more points.

## Schedule

| Date | Time | Opponent | Site | Result | Attendance |
| September 22 | | Saint Paul Central High School* | Northrop FieldMinneapolis, MN | T 0–0 | |
| September 22 | | Minneapolis Central High* | Northrop FieldMinneapolis, MN | W 28–0 | |
| September 27 | | Carleton* | Northrop FieldMinneapolis, MN | W 33–0 | |
| October 4 | | Iowa State* | Northrop FieldMinneapolis, MN | W 16–0 | |
| October 7 | | Hamline* | Northrop FieldMinneapolis, MN | W 59–0 | |
| October 11 | | Beloit* | Northrop FieldMinneapolis, MN | W 29–0 | |
| October 18 | | Nebraska* | Northrop FieldMinneapolis, MN | L 0–6 | 7,000 |
| October 25 | | at Iowa | Iowa FieldIowa City, IA (rivalry) | W 34–0 | 3,000 |
| November 1 | | Grinnell* | Northrop FieldMinneapolis, MN | W 102–0 | |
| November 8 | | Illinois | Northrop FieldMinneapolis, MN | W 17–5 | 8,000 |
| November 15 | | Wisconsin | Northrop FieldMinneapolis, MN (rivalry) | W 11–0 | 1,500 |
| November 27 | 1:15 p.m. | at Michigan | Ann Arbor, MI (rivalry) | L 6–23 | 9,000–12,000 |
| *Non-conference gameAll times are in Central time ||||||
# Peno

Peno may refer to:
* Ron Peno (1955–2023), Australian rock singer
* Peno, a locality in Lamont County, Alberta, Canada
* Peno, Burkina Faso, a locality in Burkina Faso not far from the town of Zangogho
* Peno, Russia, an urban locality (an urban-type settlement) in Penovsky District of Tver Oblast, Russia
* Lake Peno, a lake in the Valdai Hills, Russia
* Stefan Peno (born 1997), Serbian basketball player
# 1975 Dutch Open – Doubles

The 1975 Dutch Open – Doubles was an event of the 1975 Dutch Open tennis tournament and was played on outdoor clay courts at 't Melkhuisje in Hilversum in the Netherlands from 20 July until 27 July 1975. The draw consisted of 15 teams. Tito Vázquez and Guillermo Vilas were the defending Dutch Open doubles champions but did not compete together in this edition. Wojciech Fibak and Guillermo Vilas won the title by defeating Željko Franulović and John Lloyd in the final, 6–4, 6–3.

## Draw
### Key

* Q = Qualifier
* WC = Wild card
* LL = Lucky loser
* Alt = Alternate
* SE = Special exempt
* PR = Protected ranking
* ITF = ITF entry
* JE = Junior exempt
* w/o = Walkover
* r = Retired
* d = Defaulted
* SR = Special ranking
| First Round | First Round | First Round | First Round | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Final | Final | Final |
| Jürgen Fassbender Hans-Jürgen Pohmann | b | y | e | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | Jürgen Fassbender Hans-Jürgen Pohmann | 7 | 6 | | | | | | | | |
| Georges Goven Patrick Proisy | 6 | 5 | 6 | Georges Goven Patrick Proisy | 5 | 2 | | | | | | | | |
| Petr Kanderal Barry Phillips-Moore | 4 | 7 | 4 | | | | | Jürgen Fassbender Hans-Jürgen Pohmann | 4 | 6 | 6 | | | |
| Wojciech Fibak Guillermo Vilas | 6 | 6 | | | | | | Wojciech Fibak Guillermo Vilas | 6 | 4 | 8 | | | |
| Víctor Pecci Tito Vázquez | 2 | 2 | | Wojciech Fibak Guillermo Vilas | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | |
| Milan Holeček Marcello Lara | 6 | 5 | 6 | Milan Holeček Marcello Lara | 4 | 4 | | | | | | | | |
| Ismail El Shafei Armistead Neely | 1 | 7 | 4 | | | | | | | | | Wojciech Fibak Guillermo Vilas | 6 | 6 |
| Željko Franulović John Lloyd | 2 | 7 | 8 | | | | | | | | | Željko Franulović John Lloyd | 4 | 3 |
| Norman Holmes Rolf Thung | 6 | 6 | 6 | Željko Franulović John Lloyd | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | |
| Patrice Dominguez François Jauffret | 6 | 6 | 6 | Patrice Dominguez François Jauffret | 1 | 3 | | | | | | | | |
| Elio Lito Alvarez Julián Ganzábal | 7 | 3 | 2 | | | | | Željko Franulović John Lloyd | 6 | 4 | 6 | | | |
| Iván Molina Jairo Velasco Sr. | 7 | 6 | | | | | | Iván Molina Jairo Velasco Sr. | 2 | 6 | 1 | | | |
| Humphrey Hose Louk Sanders | 6 | 4 | | Iván Molina Jairo Velasco Sr. | 3 | 7 | 6 | | | | | | | |
| Dick Crealy Nikola Pilić | 6 | 6 | | Dick Crealy Nikola Pilić | 6 | 6 | 2 | | | | | | | |
| Martin Robinson Nikola Špear | 4 | 2 | | | | | | | | | | | | |
# Jonaki (disambiguation)

Jonaki is a village in Poland.
Jonaki may also refer to:
* The Jonaki era in the history of Assamese literature
* Jonaki (magazine), an Indian Assamese-language magazine
* Jonaki (film), a 2019 Indian Bengali-language drama film
# Sans Bois Mountains

The Sans Bois Mountains are a small mountain range in southeastern Oklahoma and part of the larger Ouachita Mountains. The range is a frontal belt of the Ouachita Mountains and is located in Haskell and Latimer counties. Sans bois is a French term meaning 'without forest' or without wood' in English.

## History

Humans have inhabited the area since prehistoric times. According to the Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture, the earliest inhabitants were hunter-gatherers and foragers from about 10,000 to 8,000 BCE. Later indigenous people began farming about 1 BCE along streams with suitable topography. The Wichita people moved in and established large villages during the Historic Era. The Choctaws, forced to leave their previous homeland in the southeastern U.S., started displacing other tribes in about 1830.
During the 19th century, this area became an important source for timber. Later in the century, production of coal and natural gas became economic mainstays, continuing into the 20th century.

## Geography

The highest peaks of the Sans Bois Mountains are 1,800 feet (550 m) above sea level. Robbers Cave State Park is in the middle of the mountains.
The Poteau River drains the area, and one of its tributaries, Sans Bois Creek, was the namesake for the mountains. Although the mountains have relatively light forests, they do have deposits of coal and natural gas, which provided the basis for economic development in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.