OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Gamlen

Gamlen is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the Cochem-Zell district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It belongs to the Verbandsgemeinde of Kaisersesch, whose seat is in the like-named town.

## Geography

The municipality lies in the Eifel about halfway between Eulgem to the west and Kaifenheim to the east.

## History

In 1252, Gamlen had its first documentary mention as Gammenheim in a donation document. In 1338, Emperor Ludwig the Bavarian granted Count Robert of Virneburg the right to appoint Schultheißen in Gaemyheim. The landholders in Gamlen in the 18th century were the Mayen Foundation, the Beilstein Monastery, the Barons of Gymnich, the Counts of Leyen and the Barons of Clodt. Beginning in 1794, Gamlen lay under French rule. In 1815 it was assigned to the Kingdom of Prussia at the Congress of Vienna. Since 1946, it has been part of the then newly founded state of Rhineland-Palatinate. Since 2004, Gamlen has had a new, big town hall.

## Politics
### Municipal council

The council is made up of 12 council members, who were elected by majority vote at the municipal election held on 7 June 2009, and the honorary mayor as chairman.

### Mayor

Gamlen’s mayor is Michael Münch.

### Coat of arms

The German blazon reads: Das Wappen wird durch eine gestürzte Spitze gespalten. Darin in Rot drei Steine. Vorne in Rot eine goldene Rose, hinten in Grün ein silberner Korb mit fünf goldenen Ähren.
The municipality’s arms might in English heraldic language be described thus: Per pile embowed, gules a rose Or, argent three stones, one and two, of the first, and vert a basket of the third issuant from which five ears of wheat of the second.
The charge in chief, the three stones, refer to the church’s patron saint, Stephen, who along with Saint Peter has been mentioned as patron saint since 1680. The rose recalls the nearby Rosenthal Monastery. A townsman from Gammenheim – the village’s name at the time – donated his grain harvest to the monastery in 1278. The market rights granted the village very early on are symbolized by the basket, and the ears of wheat refer to the municipality’s agricultural activities.

## Culture and sightseeing
### Buildings

The following are listed buildings or sites in Rhineland-Palatinate’s Directory of Cultural Monuments:
* Saint Stephen’s Catholic Church (branch church; Filialkirche St. Stephan), Hauptstraße 31 – Gothic Revival aisleless church, 1878; outside, crucifix; warriors’ memorial with relief 1914-1918
* Hauptstraße 10 – former school; brick building, about 1900
* On Landesstraße (State Road) 109 – wayside cross, 18th or 19th century
* On Landesstraße 109 – wayside cross, from 1776
* northeast of Gamlen – wayside cross; pedestal and shaft, 18th century
# Norr Amsberg

Norr Amsberg is a locality situated in Borlänge Municipality, Dalarna County, Sweden with 236 inhabitants in 2010. It lies around seven kilometres northwest of Borlänge.
# AMK

AMK may refer to:
* AMK (band), an indie rock band from Hong Kong
* AnnenMayKantereit, German rock band
* AMK, a Turkish sports newspaper published by the Sözcü group
* AMK Baru, a political coalition in Malaysia
* AMK Ranch, a guest ranch in Wyoming
* Ammattikorkeakoulu, a type of university in Finland
* Ang Mo Kio, a town in Singapore
   * AMK Hub, a suburban shopping mall in Ang Mo Kio
   * Ang Mo Kio MRT station (MRT station abbreviation), a mass rapid transit station in Ang Mo Kio
* Angkor Mikroheranhvatho Kampuchea, a microfinance company in Cambodia
* Antimisting kerosene, an experimental aviation jet fuel
* Anthony McLeod Kennedy (born 1936), former US Supreme Court justice
* N1-Acetyl-5-methoxykynuramine, a metabolite of melatonin
# Nahegau

The Nahegau was a county in the Middle Ages, which covered the environs of the Nahe and large parts of present-day Rhenish Hesse, after a successful expansion of the narrow territory, which did not reach the Rhine, to the disadvantage of the Wormsgau. Among other expansions were Ingelheim in 937, Spiesheim in 960, Saulheim in 973 and Flonheim in 996, until after the end of the expansion the Selz set the southern limit and the limit to the Wormsgau.
The Nahegau was among the central possessions of the Salian dynasty, to which from the mid-11th century the Emichones succeeded. The family of the Emichones divided itself later into the Counts of Veldenz, the Wildgraves and the Raugraves. Perhaps the Leiningen family descended from the Emichones as well.
Counts in Nahegau were:
* Werner (died probably 920) Count in Nahegau, Speyergau and Wormsgau c. 890/910, married NN from the House of the Konradiner
* Conrad der Rote (died 955), his son, Count in Nahegau, Speyergau, Wormsgau and Niddagau, Count in Franconia, Duke of Lorraine, married c. 947 Liutgard of Saxony (born 931, died 953) daughter of King Otto I (Liudolfinger)
* Otto "of Worms" (died 1004), his son, Count in Nahegau, Speyergau, Wormsgau, Elsenzgau, Kraichgau, Enzgau, Pfinzgau and Ufgau, Duke of Carinthia
* Conrad II. der Jüngere (born probably 1003, died 1039) his grandson, Count in Nahegau, Speyergau and Wormsgau, Duke of Carinthia 1036–1039

## Literature

* Bauer, Thomas: Geschichtlicher Atlas der Rheinlande, 7. Lieferung, IV.9: Die mittelalterlichen Gaue; 2000; ISBN 3-7927-1818-9
# Nahemah (band)

NahemaH was a Spanish heavy metal band from Alicante, Spain, that was formed in 1997. Since then, they have released four albums. Nahemah released their two final albums via Lifeforce Records.

## History

Nahemah was formed in 1997 in Alicante, Spain. In 1999, their debut album, Edens in Communion, was independently released. In 2001, being signed to Iberian Moon Records, Nahemah released their second album, Chrysalis. The album received positive feedback and was re-released by Concreto Records. Nahemah also were an opening act for bands such as Moonspell and Alastis.
During 2003, Nahemah recorded an EP titled The Last Human, which remains unreleased. Following the recording of the unreleased EP, the band had line-up problems.
Between 2003 and 2005, the band was putting together their third studio album, The Second Philosophy. That album would see a release in 2007 via Lifeforce Records, a label which they were signed to in August 2006. In 2009, Nahemah released their fourth studio album A New Constellation, also, via the label Lifeforce Records.
In August 2012, Nahemah announced via their official website that they have disbanded.

## Line-up
### Final members

* Pablo Egido - vocals (1997-2012)
* Paco Porcel - bass (1997-2012)
* Miguel Palazón - guitar, synths (1997-2012)
* Roberto Marco - guitar (1997-2012)
* Enrique Pérez - drums (2009-2012)

### Former members

* José Diego - drums (1997-2007)
* Quino Jiménez - drums (2007)
* Syhobsh - drums (2007-2009)
* Henry Saiz - bass (2001-2002)

## Discography
### Albums

* Edens in Communion (Independent, 1999)
* Chrysalis (Iberian Moon Records, 2001) (re-released by Concreto Records in 2002)
* The Second Philosophy (Lifeforce Records, 2007)
* A New Constellation (Lifeforce Records, 2009)
# Polk Township, Washington County, Indiana

Polk Township is one of thirteen townships in Washington County, Indiana, United States. As of the 2020 census, its population was 2,708 and it contained 1,084 housing units.

## Geography

According to the 2010 census, the township has a total area of 35.99 square miles (93.2 km$^2$), of which 35.84 square miles (92.8 km$^2$) (or 99.58%) is land and 0.15 square miles (0.39 km$^2$) (or 0.42%) is water.

### Cities, towns, villages

* New Pekin (east half)

### Unincorporated towns

* Bartle at 38°33′37″N 85°53′15″W﻿ / ﻿38.560338°N 85.887470°W﻿ / 38.560338; -85.887470
* Blue River at 38°31′48″N 85°56′22″W﻿ / ﻿38.530060°N 85.939416°W﻿ / 38.530060; -85.939416
* Daisy Hill at 38°30′22″N 85°56′22″W﻿ / ﻿38.506172°N 85.939416°W﻿ / 38.506172; -85.939416
* Old Pekin at 38°29′50″N 86°00′12″W﻿ / ﻿38.497282°N 86.003307°W﻿ / 38.497282; -86.003307
(This list is based on USGS data and may include former settlements.)

### Adjacent townships

* Franklin Township (north)
* Finley Township, Scott County (northeast)
* Monroe Township, Clark County (east)
* Wood Township, Clark County (south)
* Jackson Township (southwest)
* Pierce Township (west)
* Washington Township (northwest)

### Cemeteries

The township contains these three cemeteries: Mead, Mount Pleasant and Tash.

## School districts

* East Washington School Corporation

## Political districts

* Indiana's 9th congressional district
* State House District 73
* State Senate District 45
# NGQ

NGQ or ngq may refer to:
* NGQ, the IATA code for Ngari Gunsa Airport, Ngari Prefecture, Tibet, China
* ngq, the ISO 639-3 code for Ngoreme language, Tanzania
* ngq (IPA: ŋǃʱ), a voiced nasal click in the Xhosa, Zulu, Hadza, and Northern Ndebele languages of southern Africa
* Bantang Station (Chinese: 板塘), a train station in Xiangtan, China on the Changsha–Zhuzhou–Xiangtan intercity railway
* Acropimpla, a genus of parasitoid wasps, by Catalogue of Life identifier
* Nangang District, Harbin (Chinese: 南岗区), a district of Harbin, China; see List of administrative divisions of Heilongjiang
# NGP

NGP may refer to:
* Nagpur, City in Maharashtra India.
* Cessna NGP, next generation propeller aircraft
* National General Pictures, a distribution and film production company
* Natural growth promoter, feed additives for farm animals
* Naval Air Station Corpus Christi
* Neo Geo Pocket, a handheld video game system produced by SNK
* Neighbouring group participation, a chemistry principle
* Nevada Geothermal Power Inc., a renewable energy developer
* Next Generation Portable, codename of the handheld game console PlayStation Vita
# NGPC

NGPC may refer to:
* Nebraska Game and Parks Commission
* Neo Geo Pocket Color
# Nadeen L. Kaufman

Nadeen L. Kaufman (born January 1945) is an American psychology professor known for her contribution to learning disability research.

## Biography

Nadeen was born in Brooklyn, New York, and raised in Long Island, New York. She earned a Bachelor of Science in Education from Hofstra University in 1965; a master's degree in Educational Psychology from Columbia University in 1972; an Ed.M. in Learning and Reading Disabilities from Columbia University in 1975; and an Ed.D. in Special Education—Neurosciences from Columbia University in 1978. She completed a predoctoral internship and a postdoctoral fellowship in psychology at Yale University.
Kaufman has taught learning-disabled children and worked as a school psychologist, learning disabilities specialist, university professor, and founder-director of several psychoeducational clinics. She also was a direct participant in the development and standardization of the McCarthy Scales and WISC-R.
Nadeen has been married to psychologist Alan S. Kaufman since 1964. From 1974 to 1997, Kaufman and her husband trained school psychologists and clinical psychologists and supervised graduate-student research at the University of Georgia, the National College of Education (now National Louis University) in Chicago, Illinois, the California School of Professional Psychology in San Diego, and the University of Alabama. The research team they supervised while at the University of Georgia in 1978-79 helped the Kaufmans to develop the original K-ABC test. The Kaufmans’ went on to create several other psychological and educational tests, including the Kaufman Test of Educational Achievement (K-TEA/NU), Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test (K-BIT), and the second editions of both (KTEA-II and KBIT-2). The Kaufman Survey of Early Academic and Language Skills (K-SEALS) and the Cognitive/Language Profile of the Early Screening Profiles address the preschool level. The Kaufman Adolescent and Adult Intelligence Test (KAIT), the Kaufman Short Neuropsychological Assessment Procedure (K-SNAP), and the Kaufman Functional Academic Skills Test (K-FAST) extend through the adult life span.
Both Nadeen and Alan have been at Yale University's Child Study Center in the School of Medicine since 1997.
In 2004/2005, revised versions of the Kaufmans' tests were published, including the KABC-II, KTEA-II, and KBIT-2. The KABC-II integrates both the PASS and CHC theories of intelligence.

## Personal life

Their son is psychologist James C. Kaufman. Their daughter is clinical and forensic psychologist Jennie Kaufman Singer. Dr. Kaufman also has 8 grandchildren and one great-grandchild.

## Honors

* Fellow of APA's Division 16 (School Psychology).
* School Neuropsychology Summer Institute KIDS, Inc. Lifetime Achievement Award, 2012. She received the award jointly with her husband.
# Poltavsky Uyezd

Poltavsky Uyezd (Полтавский уезд) was one of the subdivisions of the Poltava Governorate of the Russian Empire. It was situated in the southeastern part of the governorate. Its administrative centre was Poltava.

## Demographics

At the time of the Russian Empire Census of 1897, Poltavsky Uyezd had a population of 227,795. Of these, 88.7% spoke Ukrainian, 5.3% Russian, 5.1% Yiddish, 0.5% Polish, 0.2% German, 0.1% Tatar and 0.1% Belarusian as their native language.
# Inekon 12 Trio

The Inekon 12 Trio is an articulated low-floor tram manufactured by Inekon Trams in the Ostrava factory. Production is performed in cooperation with the city transport company of Ostrava. The 12 Trio is a double-ended (bi-directional) version of the Inekon 01 Trio tram. The 01 Trio is conceptually based on the Škoda 03 T developed by Škoda Transportation and Inekon Group. While the 01 Trio Tram is operated on the local market in the Czech Republic, the 12 Trio model was designed for export. The standard model is designated as 12 Trio, but in 2012–13 Inekon introduced a variant that is capable of limited operation on batteries only, and this is designated 121 Trio. As of 2016, the 121 model has only been purchased by Seattle.

## Deliveries and operation

Trams of this type have been purchased by three U.S. cities, as follows:
* Portland Streetcar: 3 cars (nos. 008–010), built in 2006 and delivered in 2007
* Seattle Streetcar: 10 cars by 2016. First order was for 3 cars, delivered in 2007. Another six cars were ordered in late 2011 for use on a planned second line, and these are model 121-Trio, capable of "off-wire" operation part of the time. A seventh car was added to the order in late 2012. Delivery began in 2015.
* The Department of Transportation of Washington, D.C. for the D.C. Streetcar line: 3 cars, completed in 2007 but not shipped to the USA until late 2009, due to delays in construction of the tram line and carhouse (storage and maintenance building) in Washington.
All nine of the standard 12-Trio cars manufactured to date (in 2006–07) were equipped with propulsion control systems made by Elin EBG.
# Nagashima Museum

Nagashima Museum (長島美術館, Nagashima bijutsukan) opened in Kagoshima, Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan, in 1989, the centenary of the city's official foundation. Located on a hill overlooking Sakurajima and Kagoshima Bay, at an elevation of 110 metres, the museum's collection of some thousand objects amassed by businessman Nagashima Kōsuke (長島公佑), includes works by Kuroda Seiki, Rodin, and Chagall, as well as Satsuma ware.
# AFTPH

Aftiphilin is a protein that in humans is encoded by the AFTPH gene. It forms a stable complex with p200 and synergin gamma. It contains a clathrin box with two known clathrin-binding sequence motifs, is involved in vesicle trafficking and is found in many eukaryotes.
# AFV

AFV may refer to:

## Entertainment

* Addams Family Values, a 1993 U.S. movie
* America's Funniest Home Videos, a U.S. television show

## Political

* The Artistic Freedom Voucher, a proposal by economist Dean Baker as an alternative to increasing fines for downloading copyright material
* American Family Voices, an American political organization
* Alianza Fidelidad por Veracruz (English: Fidelity Alliance for Veracruz), an electoral alliance that fought the 2007 election in the Mexican state of Veracruz

## Transportation and vehicles

* Armoured fighting vehicle, a class of military combat vehicles
* Alternative fuel vehicle, a self-propelled vehicle that uses renewable and zero-emission energy
* Ansdell and Fairhaven railway station, Lancashire, England (National Rail codename AFV)
* Air Afrique Vacances (ICAO airline code: AFV), see List of airline codes (A)
# Instrumental Quarter

Instrumental Quarter is an Italian instrumental post-rock band, formed in 1999 in Cuneo.

## Band members

Paride Lanciani - guitar - (Founder: 1999 - today)
Tommaso Fia - keyboards (2016 - today)
Nicolas Joseph Roncea - bass (2016 - 2018)
Simone Rossi - drums (2016 - 2018)
Former
Luigi Racca - bass (1999 - 2002)
Marco Allocco - cello (1999 - 2002)
Flavio Cravero - drums (1999 - 2002)
Luca Bleu - drums and percussions (2002 - 2006)
Gabriele Fioritti - cello (2002 - 2006)
Francesco Calabrese - videoart (2002 - 2006)
Gabriele Grosso - bass (2002 - 2009)
Davide Arneodo - piano, violin (2004 - 2009)
Marco Bognanni - drums (2004 - 2009)

## Discography

* No More Secrets (2003), Sick Room
* Traffic Jam (2006), Sick Room
* Free (2007), Stiff Slack
# Nadine Jeppesen

Nadine Liscomb Jeppesen (September 14, 1914 – June 10, 1996) was an American flight attendant who became a publisher of flight maps.

## Early life and education

Nadine Audrey Liscomb was born in Dunlap, Iowa, the daughter of Georgia Ferrill Liscomb and Chauncey Ettinger Liscomb. Her father died in the epidemic and her mother remarried to Donald Prentiss Liscomb, cousin. She graduated from nursing school in 1934, then trained as a stewardess in Omaha, Nebraska.

## Career

Liscomb was a 21-year-old stewardess in 1936, when she married a pilot, Elrey Borge Jeppesen, and was required to stop flying. She remained interested in aviation, and in 1939 was voted one of the directors of the Salt Lake City chapter of the Women's National Aeronautic Association.
The Jeppesens started a business publishing flight charts, with first-hand knowledge of what was useful and necessary in such documents. The Jeppesen Airway Manual was first published from their home in Salt Lake City, and later from a storefront in Denver, Colorado, with Nadine Jeppesen overseeing the publication's design and hiring cartographers. The manuals were an established resource for pilots before the start of World War II, which increased demand for them. Nadine Jeppesen was responsible for marketing, publicity, and accounting at the company, while Elrey Jeppesen continued to fly for United Airlines until 1954. The Jeppesens sold their company in 1961, to the Times Mirror Corporation. The company, still known as Jeppesen, has been a subsidiary of Boeing since 2000.
Nadine Jeppesen received the National Aeronautic Association's Katharine Wright Award in 1994, for significant contributions to aviation. She was inducted into the Women in Aviation International Pioneer Hall of Fame in 1995. She died the following year, at age 81. Elrey Jeppesen died several months later; they were survived by their two sons.
# ALC 50

The Australian Landing Craft 50 or ALC 50 was a class of Landing Craft Utility operated by the Australian Army in the 1960s.

## History

The two ALC 50s were built by Phoenix Shipyards in Devonport, Tasmania and were completed in 1962 and collected for sea trials and transfer to Sydney early that year. The operating unit that accepted and ran them both was 4 Water Transport Troop, Clifton Gardens, Middle Head, Sydney. The commander and trial officer for both the trial-cum-voyage back to Sydney of the first vessel to be launched in early 1962 was Lieut. Don McDowell.
The voyage was not without difficulty and sailing through the aftermath of a gale caused conditions that saw th bow door start to "peel" externally, some engine troubles that caused a close-down on one side, one rudder pintle breaking, and the helm-wheel shake to pieces leaving only its steel skeleton. Eventually the vessel had to get towed to Sydney by the accompanying LSM, and attaching the towing bridle in heavy seas resulted in an accident that injured two of the six crew. This unhappy voyage ended with the vessel coming into Sydney Harbour with distress flags/balls hoisted, having to steer in a slow circle to port then a short burst of full astern, in an attempt to get it to dock alongside Clifton Gardens base. That the vessel was largely orange with rust by this time (and no longer bronze deep green) also did little to impress the official greeting party as news of the vessels mishaps had not been passed because of radio failure during the voyage. Despite such an eventful maiden voyage, that vessel was fixed in 4 Water Transport's own workshops and all faults repaired, leaving it to go into honourable service as shown below.
During their service with the Army they were named AB 3000 and AB 3001 and operated along the NSW and QLD coastline on army exercises. The ALC 50s were replaced by the Balikpapan-class landing craft heavy in the early 1970s.
# ARA Sarandí

Several ships of the Argentine Navy have been named Sarandí
* ARA Sarandí (1826), a schooner in service during the Cisplatine War
* ARA Sarandí (P-33), a Tacoma-class frigate in service 1947–1968
* ARA Sarandí (D-13), an Almirante Brown-class destroyer in service since 1984
# ARA Santa Cruz (1921)

ARA Santa Cruz was an auxiliary ship of the Argentine Navy, built in the Fairfield Shipbuilding & Engineering Shipyard, Govan, Scotland, in 1921. She was transferred to the YPF tanker fleet after arrival in Argentina, and remained in YPF service until decommissioned and scrapped in 1948. The vessel was named after the Argentine province of Santa Cruz, and is the ninth Argentine naval ship with this name.

## Design

Santa Cruz was a tanker built in 1921 at the Fairfield Shipbuilding and Engineering Company in Govan, Scotland. This ship featured a metal hull and superstructure, which included two masts and a single funnel, a characteristic design for tankers during that period.
The vessel was powered by a three-cylinder triple expansion marine steam engine. This engine, coupled with two oil-fired boilers, produced a substantial 8,500 horsepower. Such a propulsion system was typical of the advanced maritime engineering practices of the early 20th century.
The tanker had a length of 351.2 feet, a breadth of 47.0 feet, and a depth of 28.2 feet, with a gross register tonnage of 3934. These dimensions highlight the substantial size and capacity of the Santa Cruz for its era.

## History

The tanker Santa Cruz was ordered by the Argentine Naval Commission in London by direct contract with Fairfield Shipbuilding and Engineering Company shipyard, signed in November 1920; the cost was £345,000 STG. The name was assigned by decree OG 101/921 on 6 June 1921.
Santa Cruz was launched on 22 June 1921, completed in November, and arrived in Buenos Aires on 28 December 1921 with an Argentine Navy crew led by Frigate Captain Pedro Casal. She was transferred on 16 January 1922 to Yacimientos Petroliferos Fiscales (YPF) with the same name, serving in the YPF fleet until struck in 1948. On 13 October 1942 her crew rescued survivors from the American Liberty ship John Carter Rose sunk by the German submarine U-201 about 620 nmi (1,150 km; 710 mi) east of Trinidad.
Santa Cruz was scrapped in 1948, at Campana, Argentina.
# Ingeniero Luiggi

Ingeniero Luiggi is a town in La Pampa Province in Argentina.

## Notable natives

* Delia Parodi, Argentine politician and the first Argentine woman to hold a prominent elected post