OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Landscape contracting

Landscape contracting is: "a profession that involves the art and technology of landscape and garden project planning, construction and landscape management, and maintenance and gardening; for garden aesthetics, human enjoyment and safety, and ecosystem-plant community sustainability."

## Education

The Bachelor of Science in Landscape Contracting and Management degree was first offered by Mississippi State University in the Department of Landscape Architecture, and has recently begun being offered as a four-year academic major at a number of colleges and universities in the United States, including Penn State University, Oklahoma State University, and University of Massachusetts Amherst, Landscape contracting degrees are accredited by the Professional Landcare Network (PLANET).

## Requirements

Landscape contracting is a licensed profession in many jurisdictions in the United States, with requirements varying, but including a combination of formal education, work experience and/or apprenticeship of a certain time length, technical testing, posting a bond, and periodic renewal submittals. Landscape Contracting Associations offer ongoing education, specialty skills certifications, and recognition of outstanding professional accomplishments.

## Collaboration

Landscape contractors work in collaboration with clients, landscape designers, landscape architects, garden designers, architects, general contractors, artisans, specialty construction trades, plant nursery growers, and municipal building inspectors, and trade supply stores and manufacturers.
# Knoutsodonta reticulata

Knoutsodonta reticulata is a species of sea slug, a dorid nudibranch, a shell-less marine gastropod mollusc in the family Onchidorididae.

## Distribution

This species was described from Playa de Artedo, Concha de Artedo, (43°34′04″N 6°11′28″W﻿ / ﻿43.56768°N 6.19105°W﻿ / 43.56768; -6.19105), Asturias on the North Atlantic Ocean coast of Spain.

## Description

Knoutsodonta reticulata has a translucent white body with brown-green surface pigment which is more intense towards the centre and clearer towards the edges. The area around the rhinophores is white or translucent with two longitudinal bands running backwards towards the gills. Thinner un-pigmented lines join the bases of the tubercles giving a reticulate pattern. Near the edge the pigmentation is reduced to a few widely spaced black scores.
# 1993 Categoría Primera B season

The 1993 Categoría Primera B season, (officially known as the 1993 Copa Concasa for sponsorship reasons) was the 3rd season of Colombia's second division football league. Cortuluá won the tournament for the first time and was promoted to the Categoría Primera A. Plácido Bonilla, playing for Cortuluá, was the topscorer with 21 goals.

## Teams

14 teams take part in the season. The previous season's champions Atlético Huila was promoted to Primera A for the 1993 season, being replaced in Primera B for this season by Real Cartagena, who were relegated from Primera A at the end of the 1992 season after finishing in the bottom of the top tier's aggregate table. Three additional teams, Deportes Risaralda, Fiorentina and Lanceros Boyacá, were accepted by DIMAYOR to compete in the tournament. Deportes Dinastía, who participated in the previous tournament, did not enter to the tournament. Deportivo Armenia moved from Armenia to Buga and rebranded as Guadalajara de Buga.
| Team | City | Stadium |
| Academia Bogotana | Bogotá | El Campincito |
| Alianza Llanos | Villavicencio | Manuel Calle Lombana |
| Alianza Petrolera | Barrancabermeja | Daniel Villa Zapata |
| Atlético Buenaventura | Buenaventura | Marino Klinger |
| Cortuluá | Tuluá | Doce de Octubre |
| Deportes Risaralda | Pereira | Alberto Mora Mora |
| Deportivo Rionegro | Rionegro | Alberto Grisales |
| El Cóndor | Bogotá | El Campincito |
| Fiorentina | Florencia | Alberto Buitrago Hoyos |
| Guadalajara de Buga | Buga | Hernando Azcárate Martínez |
| Industrial Itagüí | Itagüí | Metropolitano Ciudad de Itagüí |
| Lanceros Boyacá | Tunja | La Independencia |
| Palmira | Palmira | Francisco Rivera Escobar |
| Real Cartagena | Cartagena | Jaime Morón León |
* Categoría Primera B 1993 champion
* Cortuluá 1st title
# Portet-Saint-Simon–Puigcerdà railway

The Portet-Saint-Simon - Puigcerdà railway is a secondary railway line in southwestern France. It connects Portet-sur-Garonne, 11 km south of Toulouse on the Toulouse–Bayonne railway, to Latour-de-Carol and Puigcerdà, towns located on each side of the French/Spanish border in Cerdanya. The railway was opened in several stages between 1861 and 1929.
Since the closure of the railway from Pau to Huesca via Canfranc in 1970, it is the only railway crossing the Pyrenees main chain. It is used daily by Corail Lunéa trains from Paris to Latour-de-Carol and Transport express régional, (TER) trains from Toulouse to Pamiers, Foix, Ax-les-Thermes and Latour-de-Carol. Most freight and long-distance passenger trains use either the Bordeaux–Irun railway around the western end of the Pyrenees, or the Narbonne–Portbou railway around the eastern end.
Today, SNCF service terminates at the French side of the border at Latour-de-Carol. The service between Latour-de-Carol and Puigcerdà and onwards to Barcelona is provided by the Spanish Railway (RENFE) for which the gauge is 1,668 mm (5 ft 5+21⁄32 in). The RENFE train from Latour-de-Carol connects directly with Barcelona but in July 2014 there are only five trains a day to Barcelona (and four from the city).
It is line RFN 672 000 of the French National Rail Network.
At most train stations along the route the altitude is engraved in a block of stone (sometimes specified: altitude du rail). These elevations are inaccurate now because the altitude system is now different (IGN-69).
One curiosity of this route is the spiral tunnel at Saillens.
Note that this line is a section of a railway between Toulouse and Barcelona requiring a change of train at Latour-de-Carol and a journey of 7:00hrs between the two cities, but it avoids, having to use the much more expensive trains such as the AVE (via Perpignan, a route not requiring any changes).
A full price ticket costs €30 full price via Latour de Carol compared to between €65 and €90 by TGV or Talgo (May 2011 prices) via Narbonne and / or Figueras.

## History

The railway was built by the Compagnie des Chemins de fer du Midi. The first section that was opened in 1861 led from Toulouse to Pamiers. The line was extended to Foix in 1862. The line was extended from Foix to Tarascon-sur-Ariège in 1877, and further to Ax-les-Thermes in 1888. Finally in 1929 the section from Ax-les-Thermes to Puigcerdà was opened.

## Rolling Stock

TER connections are currently provided by electric multiple unit trains model SNCF Z 27500 (Autorail à grande capacité) which in the 2000s replaced the SNCF Class Z 7300. The direct connection Latour-de-Carol to Paris is provided by the Intercités de nuit night train.
# Landscape detailing

Landscape detailing describes the process of integrating soft and hard landscape materials to create a landscape design. It requires knowledge of landscape architecture, landscape engineering, and landscape products.
Landscape detailing can be boiled down to three different steps: function, structure, and appearance. Function allows to satisfy the requirements of the landscape to serve a purpose. Structure is the physical implementation of function through the best available resources, usually those of a local character. Appearance is about obtaining visual satisfaction, commonly known as aesthetic values.
Landscape detailing can influence the attitude and mood of a landscape. A study was conducted on how young people feel when in a natural oriented landscape versus an engineered habitat. The results showed that more structured landscapes are preferred in young people. Detailing in landscape allows the designer to make choices that help influence the landscape, allowing the potential to be shown.
Landscape can have an influence on how communities and societies evolve and vice versa. Communities can shape how the landscape is used based on the needs of the community. An example of this is Canada's landscape and the role the rail roads had in shaping the community. With the introduction of the rail road, Canada's wild lands were more susceptible to exploitation and allowed the community to experience Canada's array of National Parks.
Landscape detailing is not just limited to actual land, but can also be seen as a way to improve the waterfront area, making the waterfront a more appealing setting for the public to enjoy. Typically, when addressing the relationship of landscape detailing and water, drainage is considered and how the landscape can be manipulated to prevent flooding and maintain water flows.
With today's every expanding technologies, there has been an increase in ways to convey landscape detailing. The visualization tools can be split into two categories: traditional and computerized. Traditional ways to convey details in the landscape would be simply a pen/pencil, paper maps, and models, while the computerized way would to use GIS, 3D virtual modelling, or simulations using layers of photography to convey urban areas that have potential to be molded.
# Portrait of Fortunato Martinengo Cesaresco

Portrait of Fortunato Martinengo Cesaresco is a 1542 oil on canvas painting by Moretto da Brescia, now in the National Gallery, London. The use of X-ray photography during a 1973 restoration showed a table in front of the man with an open book on it.

## History

The earliest mention of the work is in a mid 19th-century inventory of count Teodoro Lechi's collection - the family archives add that he acquired the work in Brescia on 19 September 1843 and on 9 January 1854 sold it on to Charles Henfrey of Turin, where Lechi was exiled from 1849 to 1859. In 1975 Cecil Gould cited documents in the National Gallery stating that in 1843 countess Marzia Martinengo Cesaresco had sold the painting to Lechi, who had married her daughter Clara. It passed from Henfry to Otto Mündler in 1856 and two years later was acquired by its present owner.
# Protobehningia

Protobehningia is a genus of sand-burrowing mayfly in the family Behningiidae. There are at least two described species in Protobehningia.

## Species

These two species belong to the genus Protobehningia:
* Protobehningia asiatica Tshernova & Bajkova, 1960
* Protobehningia merga Peters & Gillies, 1991
# Luis Cadena

Luis Cadena (12 January 1830 – 1889) was an Ecuadorian painter. He worked principally in portraiture but also painted many religious subjects for the Roman Catholic Church. He was appointed director of the Academia de Dibujo y Pintura in Quito in December 1860 and served as director of the Escuela de Bellas Artes of the same city from 1872 to 1875.

## Life

Cadena was born on 12 January 1830 in Machachi, in the province of Pichincha in Ecuador. His first studies were with Antonio Salas. Between 1852 and 1856, he was in Santiago de Chile, where he worked in portraiture and came under the influence of the French Neo-classical painter Raymond Monvoisin, who was living there.
In 1854 the government of José María Urvina approved three bursaries of six thousand pesos to enable artists to travel to Italy to study.$^{:98}$ Cadena was the first to receive one of these grants, and in 1857 he travelled to Rome, where he enrolled at the Accademia Nazionale di San Luca and studied under Alessandro Marini. In 1860 he returned to Quito, and in December of that year, he was appointed director of the Academia de Dibujo y Pintura there. His acceptance of the position was a condition of the scholarship he had received; he held it until December 1862.$^{:99}$ From 1872 to 1875, under the second presidency of Gabriel García Moreno, he was director of the Escuela de Bellas Artes of Quito.
He died in Quito in 1889.

## Work

Cadena worked mostly as a portraitist. He also painted a number of religious canvases, among them a series of eight scenes of the Life of St. Augustine in the Convent of San Agustín in Quito, commissioned in 1864, and a series of Mysteries of the Virgin of the Rosary for the Convent of Santo Domingo [es] in the same city, commissioned in 1888.$^{:479}$
Several of his works are in the Museo de Arte Moderno of the Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana in Quito. Among them are a full-length portrait of Gabriel García Moreno, a self-portrait, various nude studies and a Rapto de Deyanira. Hilandera campesina, a genre painting of a girl spinning, is in the collection of the Los Angeles County Museum of Art.
# Scott Brown (bassist)

Scott George Brown (born October 6, 1964) is a Canadian bassist who is a member of the Canadian rock band Trooper. He has also worked with vocalist Paul Laine, both as a solo artist and with Danger Danger.
Brown joined Trooper in 1996 and has toured with the band ever since, making him one of the longest-running members in the band's history. Brown was featured when Trooper performed in the 2010 Olympics Victory Ceremonies in Vancouver, British Columbia, on February 21, 2010. Coverage of the event was broadcast in Canada and around the world on networks such as CTV and MuchMusic.
In May 2023, Trooper was inducted into the Canadian Music Hall of Fame and Brown received the Juno statuette as one of the inducted members.
Brown currently resides on Vancouver Island, and continues to perform with Trooper. When he is not touring with Trooper, he performs solo and duo acoustic shows on Vancouver Island and throughout the lower mainland.
# 2018 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships – Men's 4 × 100 metre medley relay

The men's 4 × 100 metre medley relay competition at the 2018 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships took place on August 12 at the Tokyo Tatsumi International Swimming Center. The defending champion was the United States.

## Records

Prior to this competition, the existing world and Pan Pacific records were as follows:
| World record | United States (USA) Aaron Peirsol (52.19) Eric Shanteau (58.57) Michael Phelps (49.72) David Walters (46.80) | 3:27.28 | Rome, Italy | 2 August 2009 |
| Pan Pacific Championships record | United States (USA) Matt Grevers (53.10) Kevin Cordes (58.64) Michael Phelps (50.60) Nathan Adrian (47.60) | 3:29.94 | Gold Coast, Australia | 24 August 2014 |

## Results

All times are in minutes and seconds.
| KEY: | CR | Championships record | NR | National record | PB | Personal best | SB | Seasonal best |

### Final

The final was held on 12 August from 18:00.
| Rank | Lane | Nation | Swimmers | Time |
| | 4 | United States | Ryan Murphy (52.70) Andrew Wilson (59.15) Caeleb Dressel (50.64) Nathan Adrian (47.71) | 3:30.20 |
| | 5 | Japan | Ryosuke Irie (52.61) Yasuhiro Koseki (58.62) Yuki Kobori (51.19) Katsumi Nakamura (47.83) | 3:30.25 |
| | 3 | Australia | Mitch Larkin (53.18) Jake Packard (59.03) Grant Irvine (51.40) Kyle Chalmers (46.91) | 3:30.52 |
| 4 | 6 | Brazil | Gabriel Fantoni (53.72) João Gomes Júnior (59.05) Vinicius Lanza (51.68) Pedro Spajari (47.71) | 3:32.16 |
| 5 | 2 | Canada | Javier Acevedo (54.05) Richard Funk (59.79) Josiah Binnema (52.25) Yuri Kisil (48.11) | 3:34.20 |
| 6 | 7 | Philippines | Armand Chan (1:02.06) Timothy Yen (1:08.46) Jarod Hatch (55.31) Rafael Barreto (52.93) | 3:58.76 |
# Lesley Hall

Lesley Maria Hall OAM (27 November 1954 – 19 October 2013) was a disability advocate, arts administrator, writer and activist. She was one of the founders of the Women with Disabilities Feminist Collective (WDFC), now known as Women with Disabilities Australia (WWDA), and Chief Executive Officer of the Australian Federation of Disability Organisations (AFDO). She was also co-founder of the Disability Resource Centre, and was credited with getting her brother Frank Hall-Bentick involved in the organisation, as well as disability advocacy.
In 1981 Hall staged a protest at the Miss Australia Quest, a beauty pageant held as a fundraiser for the organisation then known as the Spastic Society. In relation to the contests she stated:
   We are challenging the notion of beauty and we reject the charity ethic... Beauty quests that raise money in the name of disabled people do us a double disservice. Through patronising fund raising activities, the community is shown again and again that we are "inferior" people. People in the community must be allowed to develop positive attitudes towards us. The abolition of beauty quests will be a significant step towards this end.
Hall was a member of the Melbourne Workers Theatre, and worked as an arts officer for the Darebin City Council.
Hall was known for her disability advocacy, including contributing to the formation of the National Disability Insurance Scheme.

## Recognition

Hall was inducted onto the Victorian Honour Roll of Women in 2014. She received a posthumous Order of Australia medal in 2015. The Lesley Hall Scholarship is an annual award in Hall's honour by Arts Access Victoria.
# Portet-de-Luchon

Portet-de-Luchon is a commune in the Haute-Garonne department in southwestern France.
# Presbytery of Philadelphia

The Presbytery of Philadelphia, known during its early years simply as the Presbytery or the General Presbytery, is a presbytery of the Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.). It was the first organized presbytery in what was to become the United States.

## History

By the 1700s, several Presbyterian congregations had been organized in colonial America, but they were "autonomous congregations ... without a presbytery." In the spring of 1706, seven ministers organized the first presbytery in America and chose Francis Makemie to be its moderator. The founding ministers came from diverse backgrounds. Samuel Davies of Lewes on the Delaware was a merchant and pastor originally from Ireland. George McNish, Scottish, and John Hampton, Scots-Irish, had originally been sent to the colonies by the Moravians. Nathaniel Taylor of Patuxent, Maryland; Jedediah Andrews of Philadelphia; and John Wilson of New Castle were originally from New England. Makemie was Scots-Irish, educated in Scotland, and had strong ties with Presbyterians in both England and New England.
At its founding, the presbytery's main function was to provide a forum for promoting the advancement of religion and the improvement of ministerial abilities. As time went on, the presbytery began to oversee the ordination, installation and discipline of ministers as well as managing the relationship between ministers and congregations. It was this presbytery that conducted the first Presbyterian ordination in America, that of John Boyd. While it met in Philadelphia, member churches were located in New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, and Maryland.
By 1716, there were seventeen Presbyterian ministers in America. That year, the presbytery divided itself into three new presbyteries and established the Synod of Philadelphia as a superior body. The newly constituted Presbytery of Philadelphia then covered the provinces of East and West Jersey and all of Pennsylvania north of the Great Valley.

## Citations

* ↑ Loetscher 1983, p. 61.
* ↑ Nevin 1888, p. vi.
* 1 2 Longfield 2013, p. 2. sfn error: no target: CITEREFLongfield2013 (help)
* ↑ Nevin 1888, p. 64.
* 1 2 Balmer & Fitzmier 1994, p. 24.
* ↑ Nevin 1888, p. 70.
* ↑ Thompson 1895, p. 19.
* ↑ Patterson 1876, pp. 8–9.
# Potassium magnesium sulfate

Potassium magnesium sulfate is a double salt that can crystallise in a number of forms that occur as minerals.
* Langbeinite K$_2$Mg$_2$(SO$_4$)$_3$
* Leonite K$_2$Mg(SO$_4$)$_2$·4H$_2$O
* Picromerite K$_2$Mg(SO$_4$)$_2$·6H$_2$O
# Protobiella

Protobiella zelandica is a species of New Zealand beaded lacewing in the family Berothidae that was first described by Robert John Tillyard in 1923. It is the sole known species in the genus Protobiella, and the only berothid endemic to New Zealand. No subspecies are noted in the Catalogue of Life.

## Description and ecology

The species is small and brown, and can be identified by the interrupted stripe of yellow-brown markings present on the head and thorax. The species' antenna appear to differ between sexes, with male lacewings having fewer than 40 flagellomeres on their antenna, compared to females who have more than 40.
The species has been documented predating on pine adelgidae.

## Distribution and habitat

Protobiella zelandica is found throughout the North Island and South Island.
# 2018 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships – Women's 100 metre breaststroke

The women's 100 metre breaststroke competition at the 2018 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships took place on August 9 at the Tokyo Tatsumi International Swimming Center. The defending champion was Rebecca Soni of the United States.

## Records

Prior to this competition, the existing world and Pan Pacific records were as follows:
| World record | Lilly King (USA) | 1:04.13 | Budapest, Hungary | 25 July 2017 |
| Pan Pacific Championships record | Rebecca Soni (USA) | 1:04.93 | Irvine, United States | 19 August 2010 |

## Results

All times are in minutes and seconds.
| KEY: | QA | Qualified A Final | QB | Qualified B Final | CR | Championships record | NR | National record | PB | Personal best | SB | Seasonal best |

### Heats

The first round was held on 9 August from 10:00.
Only two swimmers from each country may advance to the A or B final. If a country does not qualify any swimmer to the A final, that same country may qualify up to three swimmers to the B final.
| Rank | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| 1 | Lilly King | United States | 1:05.76 | QA |
| 2 | Reona Aoki | Japan | 1:06.36 | QA |
| 3 | Micah Sumrall | United States | 1:06.44 | QA |
| 4 | Jessica Hansen | Australia | 1:06.63 | QA |
| 5 | Katie Meili | United States | 1:06.64 | QB |
| 6 | Bethany Galat | United States | 1:06.67 | QB |
| 6 | Satomi Suzuki | Japan | 1:06.67 | QA |
| 8 | Kanako Watanabe | Japan | 1:07.97 | QB, WD |
| 9 | Macarena Ceballos | Argentina | 1:08.01 | QA |
| 10 | Julia Sebastián | Argentina | 1:08.06 | QA |
| 11 | Kelsey Wog | Canada | 1:08.13 | QA |
| 12 | Kierra Smith | Canada | 1:08.22 | QB |
| 13 | Leiston Pickett | Australia | 1:08.36 | QB |
| 14 | Rachel Nicol | Canada | 1:08.51 | QB |
| 15 | Zheng Muyan | China | 1:12.07 | QB |
| 16 | Miranda Renner | Philippines | 1:16.20 | QB |

### B Final

The B final was held on 9 August from 17:30.
| Rank | Name | Nationality | Time |
| 9 | Bethany Galat | United States | 1:06.41 |
| 10 | Katie Meili | United States | 1:06.86 |
| 11 | Kierra Smith | Canada | 1:08.34 |
| 12 | Rachel Nicol | Canada | 1:08.50 |
| 13 | Leiston Pickett | Australia | 1:08.65 |
| 14 | Zheng Muyan | China | 1:11.14 |
| 15 | Miranda Renner | Philippines | 1:15.19 |

### A Final

The A final was held on 9 August from 17:30.
| Rank | Name | Nationality | Time |
| | Lilly King | United States | 1:05.44 |
| | Jessica Hansen | Australia | 1:06.20 |
| | Reona Aoki | Japan | 1:06.34 |
| 4 | Satomi Suzuki | Japan | 1:06.51 |
| 5 | Micah Sumrall | United States | 1:06.56 |
| 6 | Julia Sebastián | Argentina | 1:07.69 |
| 7 | Kelsey Wog | Canada | 1:07.91 |
| 8 | Macarena Ceballos | Argentina | 1:08.38 |
# Leo Connolly (rugby union)

Leo Stephen Connolly (2 December 1921 — 10 April 2005) was a New Zealand rugby union international.
Connolly was born in Invercargill and attended Southland Boys' High School.
Debuting for Southland in 1940, Connolly played his early rugby with Invercargill Marist, before turning out for Otago between 1943 and 1946, while based in Dunedin. After returning to Marist, he gained All Blacks selection for the 1947 tour of Australia, appearing in five uncapped matches. He was in contention for the 1949 tour of South Africa until suffering a broken ankle. He finished his career at Waikato and later coached St Patrick's College, Wellington.