OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Ralph Gretzmacher

Ralph Gretzmacher is an Austrian scientist, professor of botany, zoology and an expert on tropical and subtropic agronomy.
The Austrian Representative for the European Coordination Group to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, he was a former Head of the Austrian Delegate to the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research, he completed his doctoral studies at the University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna in 1968.

## Career

Gretzmacher has published scientific and academic papers for more than 40 years in the field of soil science and agronomy in Europe. He won the Adolf Schärf Prize in 1974.
In 2006, Gretzmacher led the project called Benefiting from an improved agricultural portfolio in Asia by the European Commission of the European Union (EU); formerly, he also led agricultural research projects in Namibia, Ethiopia, Kenya, Palestine and various other countries in Europe and Asia, as well as serving as a member of the Austrian Council of Asean-European University Network.
# Rakhine Yoma Elephant Range

Rakhine Yoma Elephant Range is a protected area in Myanmar's Rakhine Yoma mountains, covering about 1,756 km$^2$ (678 sq mi) of evergreen and mixed deciduous forest at an elevation of 20–1,270 m (66–4,167 ft).
Rakhine Yoma Elephant Range was established for the protection of the Asian elephant (Elephas maximus). It harbours extensive tracts of bamboo (Melocanna baccifera), which provide shelter for the endangered Arakan forest turtle (Heosemys depressa).
Wildlife recorded during a camera trap survey in 2000 included large Indian civet (Viverra zibetha), clouded leopard (Neofelis nebulosa), Asiatic golden cat (Catopuma temminckii) and leopard cat (Prionailurus bengalensis).
In 2001, Bufo crocus was discovered by a stream in the sanctuary at an elevation of 83 m (272 ft). In 2001, the bent-toed geckos Cyrtodactylus ayeyarwadyensis and Cyrtodactylus wakeorum were discovered in the sanctuary and described as a new species in 2003.
The presence of western hoolock gibbon (Hoolock hoolock) was confirmed during surveys in 2008. Wildlife present also includes gaur (Bos gaurus), sun bear (Helarctos malayanus), white-rumped vulture (Gyps bengalensis), pale-capped pigeon (Columba punicea), white-winged duck (Asarcornis scutulata) and beautiful nuthatch (Sitta formosa).
# Raleigh, Indiana

Raleigh is an unincorporated community in Washington Township, Rush County, in the U.S. state of Indiana.

## History

Raleigh was platted in 1847. The community's name comes from Raleigh, North Carolina.
A post office was established at Raleigh in 1847, and remained in operation until it was discontinued in 1902.
# Ralf Giesen

Ralf Giesen (born 3 November 1961) is a German athlete. He competed in roller hockey at the 1992 Summer Olympics.
# Hydrangea zhewanensis

Hydrangea zhewanensis is a species of flowering plant in the family Hydrangeaceae, native to China.

## Description

Hydrangea zhewanensis is a small shrub, which may be deciduous or evergreen, growing up to 0.7-1.5 m in height. Branchlets are brownish, densely pubescent when young. Bark peels off into fragments. Flowers are blue, oblong-ovate, 2.5-3 mm. Flowers grow in clusters, usually comprising small, fertile and also more showy sterile flowers. Seed capsules are oblong-ovoid, measuring about 3 mm in diameter. Seeds are brown, ellipsoid to oblong, compressed, measuring between 0.5 and 0.7 mm, shortly winged at both ends.
Flowers June to July, fruits October to November.

## Habitat

Sparse forests or thickets along stream banks in valleys or on mountain slopes, from 600 to 1500 m.
# Hylopsar

Hylopsar is a genus of African birds in the family Sturnidae.

## Species

| Image | Scientific name | Common Name | Distribution |
| | Hylopsar purpureiceps | Purple-headed starling | Angola, Benin, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Republic of the Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ivory Coast, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Guinea, Nigeria, and Uganda. |
| | Hylopsar cupreocauda | Copper-tailed starling | Ivory Coast, Ghana, Guinea, Liberia, and Sierra Leone |
# Hylophorbus wondiwoi

Hylophorbus wondiwoi is a species of frogs in the family Microhylidae. It is endemic to West Papua, Indonesia. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests. It is threatened by habitat loss.

## Sources

* ↑ IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group (2020). "Hylophorbus wondiwoi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T57830A152387910. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T57830A152387910.en. Retrieved 16 November 2021.
* This Microhylidae article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# Jewish Neo-Aramaic dialect of Betanure

Betanure Jewish Neo-Aramaic, the local language variety of Betanure in Iraqi Kurdistan, is among the rarest and most seriously endangered varieties of Aramaic spoken at the present time. It is also one of the most conservative of both Jewish Neo-Aramaic languages and the Northeastern Neo-Aramaic languages in particular.

## History

In the 1940s, Betanure Jewish Neo-Aramaic was spoken by seventeen large families in the Jewish village of Betanure. The community migrated in its entirety to Israel in 1951. Ever since the dialect has been facing erosion from Israeli Hebrew and from other Neo-Aramaic varieties spoken in Israel.

## Phonology

Consonants :
| | Labial | Dental/Alveolar | Postalveolar/Palatal | Velar | Uvular | Pharyngeal | Glottal |
| Plosive/Affricate | p (ṗ) b (ḅ) | t ṭ d (ḍ) | č č̣ j | k g | q | | ʼ |
| Fricative | f (v) | θ ð (ð̣) s ṣ z (ẓ) | š ṣ̌ ž (ẓ̌) | | x ɣ | ḥ ʻ | h |
| Nasal | m ṃ | n | | | | | |
| Liquid | w | n l ḷ r ṛ | y | | | | |
# Ralph I, Count of Vermandois

Ralph I of Vermandois (French: Raoul I$^{er}$) (d. 14 October 1152) was Count of Vermandois. He was a son of Hugh, Count of Vermandois and his wife, Adelaide, Countess of Vermandois. Ralph was a grandson of Henry I of France, while Ralph's mother had been the Carolingian heiress to Herbert IV, Count of Vermandois.
Ralph's paternal uncle was Philip I of France. Through him Ralph was a first cousin of Louis VI of France and a first cousin once removed of Louis VII of France.
Ralph served as the seneschal of France during the reign of Louis VI. Under pressure from the queen, Eleanor of Aquitaine, Louis allowed Ralph to repudiate his wife, Eleanor of Champagne, sister of Stephen, King of England, in favor of Eleanor of Aquitaine's sister, Petronilla of Aquitaine. This led to a war with Theobald II of Champagne, who was the brother of Ralph's first wife Eleanor. The war lasted two years (1142–44) and ended with the occupation of Champagne by the royal army.
Ralph and Petronilla were excommunicated by Pope Innocent II for a marriage deemed illegitimate, overriding three bishops who had already annulled Ralph's prior marriage. With Eleanor's death in 1147, the following year Pope Eugene III, legitimized the marriage at the Council of Reims.

## Family and children

Ralph was married three times:
1. in 1125 to Eleanor, daughter of Stephen, Count of Blois. Their marriage ended in divorce in 1140 and she died in 1147.
2. in 1140 to Petronilla of Aquitaine; they had three children:
* Elizabeth (or Isabelle) Mabile, countess of Vermandois and Valois (1143–1183), married Philip I, Count of Flanders; no issue.
* Ralph II, count of Vermandois and Valois (1145–1167), was the first husband of Margaret of Lorraine, later countess of Flanders. He died of leprosy in 1167 without issue.
* Eleanor, countess of Vermandois and Valois (b. 1148? – d. 1213/1214). She married four times as follows, but had no issue:
** 1. Godfrey of Hainaut, Count of Ostervant (d. 1163).
** 2. before 1167 William IV, Count of Nevers.
** 3. ca 1170 Matthew of Alsace.
** 4. ca 1175 Count Matthew III of Beaumont-sur-Oise.
3. in 1152 with Laurette of Flanders, daughter of Thierry, Count of Flanders and Swanhilde. They had no children.
# Rain on Me

Rain on Me may refer to:
* "Rain on Me" (Ashanti song)
* "Rain on Me" (Lady Gaga and Ariana Grande song)
* "Rain on Me", a song by Atban Klann from Grass Roots
* "Rain on Me", a song by Beth from My Own Way Home
* "Rain on Me", a song by Byron Cage from An Invitation to Worship
* "Rain on Me", a song by Cheryl Cole from 3 Words
* "Rain on Me", a song by Corey Hart from Bang!
* "Rain on Me", a song by Cyndi Lauper from Bring Ya to the Brink
* "Rain on Me", a song by The Dawn from Beyond the Bend
* "Rain on Me", a song by Electrafixion from Burned
* "Rain on Me", a song by Gina Green
* "Rain on Me", a song by Glenn Hughes from The Way It Is
* "Rain on Me", a song by Jane Wiedlin from Tangled
* "Rain on Me", a song by Joji
* "Rain on Me", a song by Poster Children from Flower Plower
* "Rain on Me", a song by Takayoshi Ohmura from Emotions in Motion
* "Rain on Me", a song by Tamia from Tamia
* "Blood to Water (Rain on Me)", a song by Swallow
# Jim McArthur

Jim McArthur (born 27 February 1952) is a Scottish former football goalkeeper, who played for Hibernian for the majority of his career. He appeared in 296 Scottish Football League and cup games for the club. He played in the 1974 Scottish League Cup Final and the twice-replayed 1979 Scottish Cup Final.
Since retiring as a player, McArthur has become a licensed agent, having represented many players, such as Colin Cameron, Paul Ritchie, Jonathan Gould, Keith Wright, David Robertson, and Russell Latapy.
# Hyperaspis trifurcata

Hyperaspis trifurcata, also known as the trident lady beetle, is a species of lady beetle in the family Coccinellidae. It is found in North America.
# Hyperaspis triangulum

Hyperaspis triangulum, the triad lady beetle, is a species of lady beetle in the family Coccinellidae. It is found in North America.
# Ji (surname 汲)

Jí is the Mandarin pinyin romanization of the Chinese surname written 汲 in Chinese character. It is romanized as Chi in Wade–Giles, and Kap in Cantonese. Ji is listed 213th in the Song dynasty classic text Hundred Family Surnames. It is not among the 300 most common surnames in China.

## Origins

There are two main sources of the Ji 汲 surname:
1. From the state of Wey. According to the Song dynasty text Lushi, during the Spring and Autumn period, Crown Prince Ji (太子伋), the son of Duke Xuan of Wey, lived in the settlement of Ji 汲, and his descendants adopted the place name as their surname.
2. From the state of Qi. According to the Han dynasty text Fengsu Tongyi, during the Spring and Autumn period, a son or grandson of Duke Xuan of Qi (reigned 455–405 BC) was enfeoffed at the settlement of Ji 汲, and his descendants adopted Ji as their surname.

## Meanings of the character from Ancient Text

1. Draw water from a well.
2. Describe a feeling of urgency, hard pursuit.
3. Family name.

## Notable people

* Ji An (汲黯; died 112 BC), Western Han official known for his integrity
* Ji Sang (汲桑; died 308), rebel of the Western Jin dynasty
* Ji Gu (汲固), Northern Wei official serving under Emperor Xiaowen
* Ji Jinchun (汲金純; 1877–1948), Republic of China general, governor of Rehe and Suiyuan provinces
* Ji Binchang (汲斌昌; born 1963), former Chinese executive and politician
* Ji Yansong (Chinese: 汲岩松; pinyin: Jí Yánsōng; born 1989) Chinese male curler and curling coach
# Ramalingaswami Temple

Ramalingaswami Temple is a Hindu temple located at Papanasam in the Thanjavur district of Tamil Nadu, India. The temple is dedicated to Shiva.

## Mythology

According to Hindu mythology, Rama prayed to Shiva in order to be rid of the sin of killing Kara and Dooshna in the war against Ravana and installed 108 shivalingas in penance at the particular spot. While 107 shivalingas were made by him, the remaining one was brought from Varanasi by Hanuman.

## Significance

The shrine faces west in violation of the Hindu canon of temple architecture. The shivalingas, too, face west. There are shrines to Nandi, Kamadhenu, Murugan and his consorts Valli and Deivayanai, Shanisvara, Annapoorni and Kasi Visalakshi.
# Rita Ramanauskaitė

Rita Ramanauskaitė (born 22 November 1970) is a female javelin thrower from Lithuania. Born in Kaunas, her personal best throw of 62.69 metres, achieved in June 2000 in Saint-Denis, is the Lithuanian record.
She competed at the World Championships in 1995, 1997, 1999, 2001 and 2003 and the Olympic Games in 1996, 2000 and 2004, but only reached the final round in 1997, when she finished twelfth.

## Achievements

| Year | Competition | Venue | Position | Notes |
| Representing Lithuania |||||
| 1994 | European Championships | Helsinki, Finland | 5th | 61.54 m |
| 1996 | Olympic Games | Atlanta, Georgia, United States | 22nd | 56.94 m |
| 1997 | World Championships | Athens, Greece | 12th | 57.38 m |
| 1998 | European Championships | Budapest, Hungary | 11th | 57.11 m |
| 1999 | World Championships | Seville, Spain | 14th | 58.60 m |
| 2000 | Olympic Games | Sydney, Australia | 13th | 59.21 m |
| 2001 | World Championships | Edmonton, Canada | 15th | 57.43 m |
| 2002 | Lithuanian Championships | Kaunas, Lithuania | 2nd | 49.55 m |
| 2003 | World Championships | Paris, France | 14th | 57.13 m |
| 2004 | Olympic Games | Athens, Greece | 31st | 55.17 m |
# Leela Sarkar

Leela Sarkar is a Singaporean-Indian Malayalam language writer from Kerala, South India. She won Sahitya Akademi Translation Prize in 1993 and Kerala Sahitya Akademi Award for Translation in 2000.

## Biography

Leela was born in Singapore on 17 May 1934. Her father, Dr. K.K. Menon was from Kodakara, Thrissur District, Kerala and her mother was from Thottippal, Irinjalakuda, Kerala. At the time of the Second World War, Leela's family returned to India from Singapore. After completing primary education, she graduated from St. Mary's College, Thrissur and Maharajas College, Eranakulam. She married Dipesh Sarkar from Bengal. She is now settled in Mumbai. Leela learned Bengali from the course conducted by Vanga Bhasha Prachara Samiti, Dadar. She published a Bengali - Malayalam Dictionary in 2004.
Leela translated a number of books written by Bengali writers into Malayalam. She worked in Jahangir Art Gallery for more than nine years. Later, she served as the executive in the Bombay office of C.R.Y. Charitable Society.
# SAAN

SAAN may refer to:
* San people or Bushmen, the indigenous people of Southern Africa
* SAAN (department store), a defunct chain of discount department stores in Canada
* South Asian Awareness Network, a service organization in the United States
# Royal Naval College (Netherlands)

The Royal Naval College was the service academy of the Royal Netherlands Navy. From 2005 it is part of the Koninklijk Instituut voor de Marine ("Royal naval institute" or KIM) as part of the Nederlandse Defensie Academie ("Netherlands defence academy") in Den Helder. It offers a program of four or five years and also a short course of 16 to 22 months. Upon the completion of the program a graduate is awarded a bachelor's degree and is commissioned in the Royal Netherlands Navy. The training of officers for the Royal Netherlands Army and Royal Netherlands Air Force is done by the Koninklijke Militaire Academie in Breda.

## History

The Royal Netherlands Navy was officially founded in 1815, but existed in various forms since 1488. In the early years of the Navy, officers were trained in service aboard ships. In 1785, the 'Kweekschool voor de Zeevaart' the first land-based training school for future officers, opened. This school was the predecessor of the KIM. During the time of the Batavian Republic (1795–1806), as the Dutch Navy began to become more organized, the training school was improved as well. With the forming of the Kingdom of the Netherlands on 10 January 1816, an institute for training naval officers was founded in Delft. Twelve years later, it was moved to a site near Medemblik, and many improvements were made for the move. A boarding school system was introduced, and the institute applied for officer training. On 28 August 1829, the opening of the institute was celebrated in the great church of Medemblik. That date is now observed as the anniversary of KIM's founding. In 1854, the current campus at Willemsoord in Den Helder was opened. In 2005 the academy was incorporated in the newly founded 'Nederlandse Defensie Academy' (NLDA), which was followed by the arrival of a lot of army and air force cadets in technical studies, and the transfer of midshipmen that followed non-technical studies to Breda, effectively ending its role as a 'maritime' academy.

## Alumni

* Piet de Jong '34, former Prime Minister of The Netherlands (1967–1971)
* Eugène Lacomblé '17, posthumous recipient of the Military William Order
* Hans Larive, escapee from Colditz, recipient of the Military William Order

## Ranks

| NATO code | OF(D) | Student officer | Student officer | Student officer | Student officer | Student officer | Student officer |
| NATO code | OF(D) | OR-5 | OR-4 | OR-3 | OR-3 | OR-1 | OR-1 |
| | 5th year | 4th year | 3rd year | 2nd year | 2nd year | 1st year | 1st year |
| Royal Netherlands Navy & Netherlands Marine Corps | | | | | | | |
| Royal Netherlands Navy & Netherlands Marine Corps | | Sergeant-Adelborst | Korporaal-Adelborst | Adelborst 2e jaar ongegradueerd | Adelborst 2e jaar ongegradueerd | Adelborst | Adelborst |
# Rose Champion de Crespigny

Rose Champion de Crespigny (born Annie Rose Charlotte Key; 9 November 1859 – 10 February 1935) was an English artist and author, who published many novels as Mrs Philip Champion de Crespigny.
Rose was the daughter of Admiral Sir Astley Cooper Key (who later changed the surname to Cooper-Key) and his wife, Lady Charlotte Lavinia (née McNeil). She was born 9 November 1859 in Kensington, and she was baptised 15 December 1859 at St John's, Notting Hill.
As an artist, her paintings tended toward landscape; her writing, after early forays into genealogical and local history, soon settled into popular fiction. Her work was described in a contemporary review as having "a certain graceful facility". She was a leading member of the Ridley Art Club, the Lyceum Club in Piccadilly, and of the British College of Psychic Science.
Rose married Philip Augustus Champion de Crespigny (1850-1912), a Royal Navy officer and son of Sir Claude William Champion de Crespigny, 3rd Baronet, on 1 October 1878 in Westminster. They had four children, including Frederick Philip Champion de Crespigny (1884–1947), who inherited the baronetcy, as the 7th Baronet, the year before his death:

## Select bibliography

* Key to the Roll of the Huguenots Settled in the United Kingdom (1884)
* The Roll of the Highland Clans of Scotland (1889)
* The New Forest; its traditions, inhabitants and customs (1895)
* From Behind the Arras (1902)
* The Mischief of a Glove (1903)
* The Rose Brocade (1905)
* The Grey Domino (1906)
* The Spanish Prisoner (1907)
* My Cousin Cynthia, and Others (1908)
* The Coming of Aurora (1909)
* The Valley of Achor (1910)
* The Five of Spades (1912)
* The Mark (1912)
* Hester and I (1915)
* Stories of To-day and Yesterday (1917)
* The Moving Finger (1919)
* The Shears of Atropos (1919)
* The Villa on the Borderive Road (1919)
* The Witness in the Wood (1919)
* The Case of Mr. Fitzgordon (1919)
* The Voice (1919)
* The Mind of a Woman (1922)
* The Valley of Orchids (1923)
* Tangled Evidence (1924), basis of film Tangled Evidence in 1934
* The Missing Piece (1927)
* The Dark Sea (1927)
* Straws in the Wind (1928)
* The Eye of Nemesis (1931)
* Glimpses into Infinity (1931)
* A Case for the C.I.D. (1933)
* The Riddle of the Emeralds (1929)
* This World and Beyond (1934)
# Kent Warnock

Kent Warnock (born June 3, 1964) is a defensive line coach for the Calgary Dinos of U Sports football and he is a former professional Canadian football defensive lineman who played for eight seasons for the Calgary Stampeders and BC Lions. He was drafted first overall in the 1986 CFL Draft by the Stampeders and won a Grey Cup championship with the team in 1992. He went to Lord Beaverbrook High School in Calgary, Alberta and played CIAU football for the Dinos where he won Vanier Cup championships in 1983 and 1985.
# Ouvrage Coume Annexe Nord

Ouvrage Coume Annexe Nord is a lesser work (petit ouvrage) of the Maginot Line. Located in the Fortified Sector of Boulay, the ouvrage consists of one infantry block, and is located between petits ouvrages Village Coume and Coume, facing Germany.

## Design and construction

The site was surveyed by CORF (Commission d'Organisation des Régions Fortifiées), the Maginot Line's design and construction agency; Village Coume was approved for construction in July 1931. It was completed at a cost of 7 million francs by the contractor Duval-Weyrich of Nancy. The petit ouvrage was in effect designed and built as an isolated casemate, as opposed to an ouvrage with multiple combat blocks, deep underground support services and accommodations

## Description

Coume Annex Nord comprises a single casemate. Armament includes two automatic rifle cloches (GFM), one retractable twin machine gun turret, one twin machine gun embrasure and one machine gun/anti-tank gun embrasure (JM/AC47).

## Manning

The 1940 manning of the ouvrage under the command of Lieutenant Dillenschneider comprised 35 men and 1 officer of the 161st Fortress Infantry Regiment. The units were under the umbrella of the 3rd Army, Army Group 2. The Casernement de Ban Saint-Jean provided peacetime above-ground barracks and support services to Village Coume and other positions in the area.

## History

    See Fortified Sector of Boulay for a broader discussion of the Boulay sector of the Maginot Line.
Coume Annexe Nord played no significant role in either the Battle of France in 1940 or the Lorraine Campaign of 1944.

## Current condition

Coume Annexe Nord remains in good condition, in private ownership.
# Iain Clough

Iain Clough (born 22 May 1965 in Nottingham) is a British slalom canoer who competed in the early-to-mid 1990s. He finished 12th in the C-2 event at the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona.
# 1836 in birding and ornithology

* John Gould formally describes the now extinct Norfolk Island kaka
* Thomas C. Jerdon a pioneer of Indian ornithology arrives in Madras
* Andrew Smith describes new birds in Report of the Expedition for Exploring Central Africa. Some are the African pygmy falcon, the red-billed buffalo weaver, the white-browed sparrow weaver the southern white-crowned shrike, the Kalahari scrub robin and the great sparrow
* Death of Bernhard Meyer
* Death of Edward Turner Bennett
* Adolphe-Simon Neboux joins the French exploration ship La Venus as surgeon naturalist
* William Yarrell becomes secretary of the Zoological Society of London
Ongoing events
* John Gould Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1836 New birds described by Gould in this journal in 1836 include the blue-billed duck, the black currawong, the white-eared bulbul, the greater necklaced laughingthrush, the black-headed trogon and the black-breasted parrotbill
* William Jardine and Prideaux John Selby with the co-operation of James Ebenezer Bicheno Illustrations of Ornithology various publishers (Four volumes) 1825 and [1836–43]. Although issued partly in connection with the volume of plates, under the same title (at the time of issue), text and plates were purchasable separately and the publishers ... express the hope, also voiced by the author in his preface to the present work, that the text will constitute an independent work of reference. Vol. I was issued originally in 1825 [by A. Constable, Edinburgh], with nomenclature according to Temminck
* This article about ornithology is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# Oscillatoriaceae

The Oscillatoriaceae are a family of cyanobacteria.