OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Apothecary general

Apothecary General was a British and American military post held during the times of the American Revolution. The appointment of Apothecary General in the British (or English) Army dated from 1686; it lapsed in 1826, by which time it was little more than an honorary title.
According to British regulations, the Apothecary General, like the Judge Advocate General, was a noncombatant officer who, under directions from the secretary at war, supplied the army with medicines, hospital stores, surgical instruments, etc. Semi-annually he presented a bill to the Treasury, having previously submitted it for approval to the surgeon and physician generals and to the secretary at war, who certified that the medicines specified had been forwarded to their respective destinations. During the American Revolution the British apothecary general was George Garnier.
His opposite number was Andrew Craigie, Boston apothecary and first man to hold the rank of a commissioned pharmaceutical officer in an American army. Craigie was appointed commissary of medical stores by Massachusetts' Committee of Safety, April 30, 1775, present at the Battle of Bunker Hill, and probably assisted in taking care of the sick and wounded there in a makeshift station behind the lines. When Congress reorganized the Army's Medical Department in 1777, Craigie became the first American Apothecary General. He duties included procurement, storage, manufacture, and distribution of the Army's drug requirements, but he also developed an early wholesaling and manufacturing business.
Dr. Francis LeBaron (1781–1829) served as the United States Army's Apothecary General from 1813 to 1821. Called upon to improve the Army's failed system for providing medical supplies early in the War of 1812, LeBaron's task was doomed by the military's lack of planning and resources, and further stymied by poor roads. On March 2, 1821, Congress passed an act (3 Stat. 615) reducing the army and reorganizing the staff corps. Section 10 defined the future medical staff as follows:
    And be it further enacted, That the medical department shall consist of one surgeon general, eight surgeons with the compensation of regimental surgeons and forty-five assistant surgeons with the compensation of post surgeons.
This act implicitly abolished the old system of titles which had stood since the Revolution, and brought about the elimination of the American Apothecary General and his assistants.
# Carminatia alvarezii

Carminatia alvarezii is a Mexican species of annual plants in the family Asteraceae.
Carminatia alvarezii is found in San Luis Potosí, Querétaro, Puebla, Oaxaca, México State, and Hidalgo.
# Gaius Epidius Marullus

Gaius Epidius Marullus (fl. 44 BCE) was a Roman tribune most famous for the diadem incident.
The fear of Caesar becoming an autocrat, thus ending the Roman Republic, grew stronger when someone placed a diadem on the statue of Caesar on the Rostra. The tribunes, Gaius Epidius Marullus and Lucius Caesetius Flavus, removed the diadem. Not long after the incident with the diadem, the same two tribunes had citizens arrested after they called out the title Rex to Caesar as he passed by on the streets of Rome. Now seeing his supporters threatened, Caesar acted harshly. He ordered those arrested to be released, and instead took the tribunes before the Senate and had them stripped of their positions. Caesar had originally used the sanctity of the tribunes as one reason for the start of the civil war between him and Pompey, but now revoked their power for his own gain.
# Cartersville, Pittsylvania County, Virginia

Cartersville, Pittsylvania County is an unincorporated community in Pittsylvania County, in the U.S. state of Virginia.
# John Leipold

John Max Leipold (February 26, 1888 in Hunter, NY – March 8, 1970 in Dallas, TX) was a prolific American film and radio score composer. He is most noted for winning 1939 Academy Award for Best Original Score for the film Stagecoach, along with Richard Hageman, Frank Harling, and Leo Shuken.

## Biography

Leipold was born in Hunter, NY in 1888 to John G. and Lena M. Leipold. In 1916 he married Caroline Anna Ebel (1889–1982) in Poughkeepsie, New York.
From 1912 to 1922 he conducted vaudeville and light opera in New York. He then spent four years as music director for the Al G. Field Minstrels, where he directed the orchestra and chorus and contributed original music. He was likely hired by Joseph Hatfield after Al G. Field Minstrel founder Al G. Field's death. From 1927 to 1928 he was an arranger for Remick Music. He wrote music for circus bandleader Merle Evans.
In 1928 he moved to Hollywood and worked in Paramount Studios' music department. He began as a librarian under Nat W. Finston, where he would select stock music for films and add his own compositions. He contributed music and arrangements to hundreds of films, most of it uncredited (including two Marx Brothers films). In 1939 his contributions to the score for Stagecoach were awarded the Academy Award; this led to him scoring a number of westerns for Harry Sherman Productions from 1939 to 1942.
Starting in 1942 he began to compose mostly for CBS, including for two Three Stooges films. From 1943 to 1948 he was composing and conducting for CBS; his output dwindled after this. He died in Dallas, TX in 1970.
He wrote two educational texts, The John Leipold Lessons in Counterpoint, and The John Leipold Lessons in Harmony, and advertised them in musical trades. In 1952 he wrote another text Mathematics of Pitch.

## Selected filmography

* Innocents of Paris (1929)
* Behind the Make-Up (1930)
* Playboy of Paris (1930)
* Monkey Business (1931)
* Horse Feathers (1932)
* It’s a Gift (1934)
* This Reckless Age (1932)
* One Hour With You (1932)
* Make Me a Star (1932)
* Hot Saturday (1932)
* El Príncipe gondolero (1933)
* The Old Fashioned Way (1934)
* Forgotten Faces (1936)
* A Son Comes Home (1936)
* Bulldog Drummond's Revenge (1937)
* Girl Overboard (1937)
* Bulldog Drummond's Peril (1938)
* Bluebeard's Eighth Wife (1938)
* Touchdown, Army (1938)
* Stagecoach (1939)
* The Quarterback (1940)
* Doomed Caravan (1941)
* Shut My Big Mouth (1942)
* Two Yanks in Trinidad (1942)
* Daring Young Man (1942)
* The Desperadoes (1943)
* Doughboys in Ireland (1943)
* Nine Girls (1944)
* Incendiary Blonde (1945)
# John Leith (cricketer)

John Leith (31 May 1857 – 28 July 1928) was an Australian-born New Zealand cricketer who made a single first-class appearance for Otago during the 1880–81 season.
Leith was born at Melbourne in the Colony of Victoria, the eldest son of Peter and Amelia Leith, but educated at the Middle District School in Dunedin. Professionally he worked as a clerk.
Leith played for an Otago of 22 players against the touring Australians in January 1881 before making his only first-class appearance the following month in the fixture against Canterbury, scoring a total of five runs in the match. The following season he played against an English touring side in a team of 18 Otago players.
Leith died at Dunedin in 1928 aged 71.
# Galium intermedium

Galium intermedium is a species of plant in the family Rubiaceae. It is native to Central and eastern Europe (Austria, the Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary, Poland, France, Albania, Romania, Bulgaria, Turkey, Belarus, the Baltic States, Ukraine, western Russia and the former Yugoslavia). It is also reportedly naturalized in Santa Clara County, California.
# Galium kamtschaticum

Galium kamtschaticum, known as Kamchatka bedstraw or boreal bedstraw, is a plant species in the Rubiaceae, named for the Kamchatka Peninsula on the Pacific Coast of Russia. The species is native to northeastern Asia and northern North America: Russia (Kamchatka, Sakhalin Island, and Kuril Islands), northeastern China (Heilongjiang, Jilin), Korea, Japan, Alaska (including the Aleutians), Canada (Yukon, Northwest Territories, British Columbia, Quebec, Ontario, Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick), and the northern part of the contiguous United States (Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, New York, Michigan, Washington).

## Varieties

Two varieties are recognized:
* Galium kamtschaticum var. kamtschaticum - most of species range
* Galium kamtschaticum var. yakusimense (Masam.) T.Yamaz - indigenous to Yakushima Island in southern Japan
# 1984–85 European Cup (water polo)

The 1984–85 LEN European Cup was the 22nd edition of LEN's premier competition for men's water polo clubs.

## Group stage

* Key to colors in group tables
* Group winners and runners-up advanced to the Semi-finals

### Group A

| Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts |
| Partizan | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 22 | 17 | +5 | 4 |
| Vasas | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 25 | 20 | +5 | 2 |
| İstanbul YİK | 4 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 17 | 27 | −10 | 4 |

### Group B

| Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts |
| Spandau 04 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 30 | 26 | +4 | 5 |
| CSKA Moscow | 3 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 31 | 28 | +3 | 4 |
| Pro Recco | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 34 | 32 | +2 | 3 |
| ČH Košice | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 25 | 34 | −9 | 0 |

## Semi-finals

| Team 1 | Agg.Tooltip Aggregate score | Team 2 | 1st leg | 2nd leg |
| Spandau 04 | 17–18 | Vasas | 8–8 | 9–10 |
| CSKA Moscow | 14–13 | Partizan | 8–7 | 6–6 |

## Finals

| Team 1 | Agg.Tooltip Aggregate score | Team 2 | 1st leg | 2nd leg |
| CSKA Moscow | 16–21 | Vasas | 11–11 | 5–10 |
* 1984–85 LEN European Cup champions
* Vasas 2nd title
# Araschnia

Araschnia is a genus of the family Nymphalidae found in the East Palearctic (temperate Asia). The seasonal polyphenism (difference between spring and summer forms) is very marked.

## Species

In alphabetical order:
* Araschnia burejana (Bremer, 1861)
* Araschnia davidis Poujade, 1885
* Araschnia dohertyi Moore, 1899
* Araschnia doris Leech, 1893
* Araschnia levana (Linnaeus, 1758) – map
* Araschnia oreas Leech, 1892
* Araschnia prorsoides (Blanchard, 1871) – Mongol
* Araschnia zhangi Chou, 1994
# Casa Arenas Loayza

The Casa Arenas Loayza is a historic residence in the Cercado de Lima, Peru. Located in the historic centre of Lima, it forms part of the Cultural heritage of Peru. It is located a block away from the Government Palace.

## History

In this two-level building the rooms are on the upper floor. The ground floor is mostly intended for longitudinal shops. The first floor is padded and has five openings with semicircular arches. The second floor has three short projecting balconies and two parapet balconies, which are distinguished from the traditional balconies of Lima, which are usually made of wood and closed.
Its façade is the Italian neo-Renaissance style, with a tendency towards eclecticism. There are neo-baroque elements in the balconies, jambs, screens and pilaster shafts, while the neo-Gothic style is reflected in the frieze and its corbels that support the cornice and roof railing.
Unlike many other similar residences from the mid-19th century, its plan does not develop around a central patio or in general around any axis. Its interior is decorated with plasterwork with a floral motif.
# Casa Argentina del Arte Correo

Casa Argentina del Arte Correo or "Mail Art Argentine House" (or CADAC) is a building complex in Buenos Aires, Argentina with the function to exhibit "mail art". The library contains art on many media as well as historic and current publications; serving artists, researchers and the public alike.

## Purpose

* To create a place of communication to program exhibitions, gatherings, and other events, both by us and by other national and foreign artists, promoting mail art activities in our country;
* To leave the traditional concept in modality and ways of expression, taking up riskier proposals, so that artists can experiment or test new art proposals with public, something conventional art galleries do not do;
* To publicize artists' works outside and inside the city, artists contacted through the Art Mail circuit. In this case, exhibited artworks will mainly come from "Vórtice Argentina" archives;
* To get people who come to CADAC not only to see artworks, but also to have the opportunity to meet the artworks' producer, and at the same time the producer receives feedback from the viewer. The idea is not to turn CADAC into a public exhibition venue, but to be used as a place for active meeting and participation.
# Galeta Island (Panama)

Galeta Island is an island located on the Atlantic side of the Republic of Panama, just east of the city of Colón, Panama.
Galeta Island was the site of a U.S. military communications facility from the 1930s through 2002, when it was turned over to the government of Panama. The facility included an operations building located in the center of a U.S. Navy AN/FRD-10A(V) antenna array, which is a Circularly Disposed Antenna Array (CDAA) also known as a Wullenweber array.
The island was shared with the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute (STRI), which still maintains a research facility on the island. U.S. military activity ceased on the island after 2002, while tropical research continues in a separate facility located just east of the former communications facility.
# Galib Kalan

Galib Kalan is a village in Jagraon in Ludhiana district of Punjab State, India. It is located 23 kilometres (14 mi) from Moga, 39 kilometres (24 mi) from Nakodar, 47 kilometres (29 mi) from district headquarter Ludhiana and 155 kilometres (96 mi) from state capital Chandigarh. The village is administrated by Sarpanch an elected representative of the village.

## Demography

As of 2011, The village has a total number of 1316 houses and the population of 6825 of which 3579 are males while 3246 are females according to the report published by Census India in 2011. The literacy rate of the village is 7311%, lower than the state average of 80.36%. The population of children under the age of 6 years is 759 which is 11.12% of total population of the village, and child sex ratio is approximately 568 lower than the state average of 846.
Most of the people are from Schedule Caste which constitutes 44.84% of total population in the village. The town does not have any Schedule Tribe population so far.
As per census 2011, 2,060 people were engaged in work activities out of the total population of the village which includes 1913 males and 147 females. According to census survey report 2011, 97.57% workers describe their work as main work and 2.43% workers are involved in marginal activity providing livelihood for less than 6 months.

## Transport

Nanaksar railway station is the nearest train station. The village is 65 kilometres (40 mi) away from domestic airport in Ludhiana and 139 kilometres (86 mi) away from Sri Guru Ram Dass Jee International Airport is located in Amritsar.
# John Piper

John Piper may refer to:
* John Piper (artist) (1903–1992), English painter, printmaker and designer of stained-glass windows
* John Piper (broadcaster), BBC radio host
* John Piper (military officer) (1773–1851), lieutenant-governor of Norfolk Island
* John Piper (theologian) (born 1946), Calvinist Baptist pastor and author
# Gammacerane

Gammacerane is a pentacyclic triterpene compound with the formula C$_{30}$H$_{52}$ and five six-membered rings. Its derivatives include tetrahymanol（gammaceran-3β-ol）and so on. After millions of years of diagenesis, these derivatives became gammacerane can be used as biomarkers in petroleum to study the origin of petroleum.
# Ileana Streinu

Ileana Streinu is a Romanian-American computer scientist and mathematician, the Charles N. Clark Professor of Computer Science and Mathematics at Smith College in Massachusetts. She is known for her research in computational geometry, and in particular for her work on kinematics and structural rigidity.

## Biography

Streinu did her undergraduate studies at the University of Bucharest in Romania. She earned two doctorates in 1994, one in mathematics and computer science from the University of Bucharest under the supervision of Solomon Marcus and one in computer science from Rutgers University under the supervision of William L. Steiger. She joined the Smith computer science department in 1994, was given a joint appointment in mathematics in 2005, and became the Charles N. Clark Professor in 2009. She also holds an adjunct professorship in the computer science department at the University of Massachusetts Amherst.
At Smith, Streinu is director of the Biomathematical Sciences Concentration and has been the co-PI on a million-dollar grant shared between four schools to support this activity.

## Awards and honors

In 2006, Streinu won the Grigore Moisil Award of the Romanian Academy for her work with Ciprian Borcea using complex algebraic geometry to show that every minimally rigid graph with fixed edge lengths has at most 4$^n$ different embeddings into the Euclidean plane, where n denotes the number of distinct vertices of the graph.
In 2010, Streinu won the David P. Robbins Prize of the American Mathematical Society for her combinatorial solution to the carpenter's rule problem. In this problem, one is given an arbitrary simple polygon with flexible vertices and rigid edges, and must show that it can be manipulated into a convex shape without ever introducing any self-crossings. Streinu's solution augments the input to form a pointed pseudotriangulation, removes one convex hull edge from this graph, and shows that this edge removal provides a single degree of freedom allowing the polygon to be made more convex one step at a time.
In 2012 she became a fellow of the American Mathematical Society.

## Selected publications

* Borcea, Ciprian; Streinu, Ileana (2004), "The number of embeddings of minimally rigid graphs", Discrete and Computational Geometry, 31 (2): 287–303, arXiv:math/0207126, doi:10.1007/s00454-003-2902-0, MR 2060642, S2CID 47499620.
* Streinu, Ileana (2005), "Pseudo-triangulations, rigidity and motion planning", Discrete and Computational Geometry, 34 (4): 587–635, doi:10.1007/s00454-005-1184-0, MR 2173930.
# Jaime Elizondo

Jaime Elizondo is an American football and a Canadian football coach. Elizondo has had 25 years of coaching experience in both collegiate and professional levels, most recently serving as the head coach, offensive coordinator, and quarterbacks coach of the Edmonton Elks of the Canadian Football League (CFL) during the 2021 CFL season. Elizondo previously served as the offensive coordinator for the Tampa Bay Vipers and the Ottawa Redblacks where he was a Grey Cup champion in 2016.
Elizondo was born in Aguascalientes, Mexico, and was raised in El Paso, Texas, and is a graduate of the University of Maryland and American University Washington College of Law, holding a Juris Doctor degree from the latter.
# Pittsburg Marina

Pittsburg Marina is a marina situated at the confluence of the Sacramento and San Joaquin Rivers in Pittsburg, California. It is located within walking distance from Old Town Pittsburg.
The Marina is owned and operated by the City of Pittsburg, and serves as the "Gateway to the Delta", providing access to the San Francisco Bay. The Marina, located north of downtown Pittsburg, offers 575 berths, 274 of which are covered.
Surrounded by extensive marshes, Browns Island is located across New York Slough from the Marina.

## History

The Marina was important to the local fishing, canning and packing industry that thrived here between the 1860s and 1957. Boat builders served regional fishermen building ships, ferries and dredgers. Sacramento River Packers, later purchased by F.E. Booth, played a prominent role in canning and packing, providing jobs for local citizens. Waterfront bars, owned by the Gatto's and Pietro Ferrante, served as a popular hangout for American author Jack London who acquired material for some of his books there.
In 2006, the George Lowy Marina Dock Replacement Project was completed, marking the revitalisation of the old harbour with the introduction of new floating docks.

## Facilities and activities

The Pittsburg Marina offers a range of amenities and activities.
* Plaza Marina: located adjacent to the small boat launch, it houses the Waterfront Grill & Café and Dále Vino wine bar.
* Fishermen's Catch Bait & Tackle: provides fishing supplies and equipment.
* Pittsburg Yacht Club: since March 1994, the Pittsburg Yacht Club has been located at the clubhouse in the Marina Park.
* Kayak and Stand-Up Paddleboard Rental: the city offers kayaks and stand-up paddleboard rental from the Marina.
* Fuel docks: the marina's Lowy Basin is equipped with four fuel docks.

### Pescatori Fishing Boat

Located at the corner of Marina Blvd. & E. 3rd St, Pescatori, a 1945 Monterey-style commercial fishing boat, symbolizes Pittsburg's history in the fishing and canning industries. Purchased by the Pittsburg Historical Society in 2007, the boat underwent a full restoration and is now displayed at the Marina.

### Public transportation

The Marina is accessible via public transportation through the Tri Delta Transit Pittsburg Route 381 Bus Line. This route connects to the Pittsburg Center BART station located approximately two miles south of the Marina.

## Events

Several annual events are hosted at the Marina, including Pittsburg's July 4 Fireworks Show, Seafood & Music Festival, and Fishing Derby.

## Gallery

* Pittsburg Marina covered berths
* Pittsburg Marina view of Browns Island
* Pittsburg Marina covered berths
* Plaza Marina Building
* Plaza Marina Building
* Plaza Marina Building
# Richard Benyon (MP for Peterborough)

Richard Benyon (1746–1796) was an English landowner and politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1774 to 1796.

## Biography

Benyon was the son of Richard Benyon, President of Madras and his third wife Mary Tyssen, daughter of Francis Tyssen of Hackney, and was born on 28 June 1746. He was educated at Eton College from 1759 to 1762. He married Hannah Hulse, daughter of Sir Edward Hulse, 1st Baronet. His father died on 27 September 1774 and he succeeded to his estates at Gidea Hall and Englefield House.
Benyon was a friend and contemporary at Eton of Lord Fitzwilliam, and was returned on his interest as Member of Parliament for Peterborough at a by-election on 16 February 1774. He was returned at Peterborough in a contest in the 1774 general election. The Public Ledger described him as “A well-meaning honest man” in 1779. He was returned at Peterborough unopposed in 1780, 1784 and 1790. He followed Lord Fitzwilliam in politics and there is no record of his having spoken in the House. He did not long survive his re-election in 1796.
Benyon died ‘of the gout in his stomach’ on 22 August 1796, leaving estates in Essex and Berkshire worth £8,000 p.a. He was succeeded by his son Richard Benyon De Beauvoir. His daughter Emma married William Henry Fellowes and his daughter Maria married George Brodrick, 4th Viscount Midleton.
# Johann Friedrich Laurer

Johann Friedrich Laurer (28 September 1798 in Bindlach – 23 November 1873 in Greifswald) was a German anatomist, pharmacologist and lichenologist.
He initially trained as a pharmacist, of which, he worked as an assistant under Heinrich Christian Funck at the pharmacy in Gefrees. He made the acquaintance of David Heinrich Hoppe, who inspired him to learn botany, and by way of an invitation from bryologist Christian Friedrich Hornschuch, he became a student at the University of Greifswald.
From 1824 he studied medicine and sciences at Greifswald, where his instructors included anatomist Friedrich Christian Rosenthal. In 1830 he received his doctorate with the dissertation Disquisitiones anatomicae de Amphistomo conico, and shortly afterwards, obtained his habilitation for anatomy. In 1836 he was named an associate professor of anatomy and physiology at Greifswald. In 1849 he became an associate professor of pharmacology, of which, he attained a full professorship in 1863.
In 1830 he described a muscular duct found in some trematodes that is now referred to as Laurer's canal. In 1841 Ludwig Reichenbach named the fungal genus Laurera (family Trypetheliaceae) after him. Other mycological genera that bear his name are Laureriella (Hepp, 1867) and Laureromyces (Cif. & Tomas., 1953).
In 1827 he published Beiträge zur kryptogamischen Flora der Insel Rügen ("Contribution to the cryptogamic flora of the island of Rügen"). His lichenology herbarium became part of the state herbarium in Berlin.