OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Johannes Nider

Johannes Nider (c. 1380 – 13 August 1438) was a German theologian.

## Life

Nider was born in Swabia. He entered the Order of Preachers at Colmar and after profession was sent to Vienna for his philosophical studies, which he finished at Cologne, where he was ordained. He gained a wide reputation in Germany as a preacher and was active at the Council of Constance. After making a study of the convents of his order of strict observance in Italy he returned to the University of Vienna, where in 1425 he began teaching as Master of Theology.
Elected prior of the Dominican convent at Nuremberg in 1427, he successively served as socius to his master general and vicar of the reformed convents of the German province. In this capacity he maintained his early reputation of reformer and in 1431 he was chosen prior of the convent of strict observance at Basel. He became identified with the Council of Basel as theologian and legate, making several embassies to the Hussites at the command of Cardinal Julian. Sent as legate of the Council to the Bohemians he succeeded in pacifying them. He journeyed to Ratisbon (1434) to effect a further reconciliation with the Bohemians and then proceeded to Vienna to continue his work of reforming the convents there. During the discussion that followed the dissolution of the Council of Basel by Pope Eugene IV, he joined the party in favour of continuing the Council in Germany; abandoning them, however, when the pope remained firm in his decision. He resumed his theological lectures at Vienna in 1436 and was twice elected dean of the university before his death. As reformer he was foremost in Germany and welcomed as such both by his own order and by the fathers of the Council of Basel. As a theologian his adherence to the principles of St. Thomas and his practical methods made him distinguished among his contemporaries. He died at Colmar.

## Writings

The most important among his many writings is the Formicarius, a treatise on the philosophical, theological, and social questions of his day. Book Five of the Formicarius related to witchcraft and diabolism. It recounted the experiences of Peter of Greyerz, an Inquisitor active in the regions in and around Bern in the 1390s to 1410s. Peter claimed to have interviewed a captured male witch by the name of Stedelen, who described in detail aspects of witchcraft pertaining to acts of child murder, heresy, and apostasy. The Formicarius was circulated at the Council of Basel in 1437.
Nider's work On the Contracts of Merchants, which was later one of the first works on economics to be printed, uses the language of probability to discuss the price of future goods whose present worth is uncertain. For example, he allows a merchant to sell a good in June, with payment delayed till December when the good is usually dearer, to charge the expected December price.
# Rattle and Snap

Rattle and Snap (also called the Polk-Granberry House and once known as Oakwood Hall) is a plantation estate at 1522 North Main Street in Mount Pleasant, Tennessee. The centerpiece of the estate is a mid-1840s mansion that is one of grandest expressions of the Greek Revival in Tennessee. It was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1971 for its architecture, and for its association with the Polk family, once one of eastern Tennessee's largest landowners. The house is privately owned, but may be viewed by appointment.

## Description

Rattle and Snap is located on the south side of Andrew Jackson Highway (Tennessee State Route 243), roughly midway between the city centers of Mount Pleasant and Columbia; it is located at the eastern edge of the Mount Pleasant municipal boundary. The estate is presently more than 500 acres (200 ha) in size.
The main mansion house is a large two-story brick building covered by a shallow hip roof. It is L-shaped, with a long front facade covered by a stepped two-story colonnade, and with the brick finished in stucco. The center portion of the colonnade is fully pedimented four-column Greek temple portico, which projects forward from flanking pairs of columns, and another pair of columns set behind the end columns of the temple front. The interior of the house retains rich woodwork and plaster decorations in the Greek Revival style.

## History

It was built in 1845 by George Washington Polk, one of the sons of Colonel William Polk and a relative of President James K. Polk. His father was a North Carolina native and Revolutionary War officer who was appointed surveyor-general of the Middle District of Tennessee in 1784. The plantation originally stood on 5,648 acres (2,286 ha). Rattle and Snap was built with slave labor and is the largest, most extravagant mansion in Maury County. George Polk and his family lived in this mansion for fifteen years, selling it in 1867 to Joseph Granberry. The Granberrys owned the property until about 1920, calling it "Oakwood Hall".
During the American Civil War, many plantations and mansions in the South were either looted or burned by Union soldiers. Rattle and Snap survived, allegedly because the senior Union Army officer, a Freemason, noticed Polk's Masonic ring in his formal portrait and refused to damage the home of a fellow Freemason. After the war, the Polk family went bankrupt and could not afford the land or the mansion; Rattle and Snap was sold to Joseph John Granbery in 1867. The Granberys lived in the mansion for over fifty years.
It is said to have been given its name from the fact that the land on which it was built was won from the Governor of North Carolina in a game of chance called 'Rattle and Snap'.
It was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1971.
# Igenge Palace

Igenge Palace also known as Igenge Hill Palace is the official royal residence for the Kyabazinga of Busoga Kingdom in present-day Uganda.

## Location

located on Igenge hills in Wayange parish, Bugembe Town Council, Jinja City North division.

## Background

Igenge palace was constructed in 1963 and Kyabazinga Wilberforce Nadiope was the first occupant.
In mid 1970s, Idi Amin soldiers ransacked the palace and it was turned into military quarters after people abandoning it

## Renovation of the palace

The renovation of Igenge Palace was done by the government of Uganda through the Ministry of Gender, Labour and Social Development and the Ministry of Works, and Transport.
In 2006-01-16, the Igenge palace renovation commenced using funding from the government of Uganda. The renovation works were done by Mugoya International who gave the palace a new look with a parameter wall constructed around the expansive palace
The palace is a double-storey complex with a floor laid with marble tiles. It contains around 40 rooms, offices, sitting rooms, a kitchen and bathrooms.

## Official occupation

On 2022 February 11, the Kyabazinga of Busoga Kingdom, William Wilberforce Gabula Nadiope IV officially started occupying Igenge palace after 6 years of not occupying it due to the renovations funded by the government of Uganda, the renovation costed UGX 12 billion.
The official occupation of Igenge palace was done on the grand 83rd-anniversary celebrations Kyabazinga Day.
The grand celebration of handing over the renovated palace was presided over by Jessica Alupo.
# John A. Hull

John Adley Hull (August 7, 1874 – April 17, 1944) was a Judge Advocate General in the U.S. Army and an associate justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines.
Hull was born in Bloomfield, Iowa to Civil War officer and longtime Iowa Congressman John A.T. Hull and his wife, Emma Gregory Hull. He received a law degree from the University of Iowa College of Law.
At the beginning of the Spanish–American War, he enlisted in the Iowa National Guard and was promoted to Lieutenant Colonel and Judge Advocate for the U.S. Volunteers. In 1901, he was appointed a major in the Judge Advocate General's Corps. He would serve as legal advisor to Governor-General of the Philippines Francis Burton Harrison from 1913 to 1921.
He married Norma Bowler King at Fort Myer, Virginia, in 1919. She would divorce him on May 22, 1934, in Reno, Nevada.
In 1924, President Calvin Coolidge nominated him to be judge advocate general of the Army with the rank of major general, a position he held until 1928 when he retired from the Army. In 1927, it was thought he would succeed Leonard Wood as Governor-General of the Philippines, but Coolidge instead chose past and future cabinet member Henry L. Stimson.
In February 1930, Hull served as Chief Legal Advisor to Stimson's successor as Governor General of the Philippines, Dwight F. Davis. He served in that position until 1932, when President Herbert C. Hoover appointed him Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines. He resigned from the court on February 1, 1936. Earlier Philippine President Manuel Quezon had ruled that the Court of Appeals Act provided for only Philippine judges.
He died at Walter Reed Hospital in Washington, D.C., on April 17, 1944.
# Raymond II (bishop of Palencia)

Raymond II (died 1183), called Raimundo de Minerva, was a Catalan churchman and the bishop of Palencia in the kingdom of Castile from 1148.
King Sancho III of Castile refers to him as his avunculus (uncle), implying that he was a brother of the Empress Berengaria, a fellow Catalan. On the other hand, his surname "de Minerva" probably indicates that he came from a noble family of the Minervois, perhaps the same family as Count Ponce de Minerva. Prior to his elevation to the episcopacy, he was a monk at the Abbey of Cluny under Abbot Peter the Venerable. His appointment in 1148 to the see of Palencia was probably made on the urging of Berengaria. The empress was visiting Palenca in 1149 when she died.
Following the death of Alfonso VII in 1157, his empire was split between his sons: Sancho III taking Castile and Ferdinand II taking León. This division caused the region around Palencia, the Tierra de Campos, in western Castile to become a disputed zone. Into this context, Pope Alexander III sent a letter Raymond castigating him for "seeking the company of knights more than was appropriate for a man in such a high post". Raymond was loyal to Sancho III and, after the latter's death in 1158, to his young son, King Alfonso VIII. In 1177 he went on a mission to England to retrieve Alfonso VIII's bride, Eleanor.
Raymond was the last of a series of Catalan bishops going back over a century to the restoration of the diocese of Palencia in 1035, and he continued to favour Catalans for positions. A single document of 1162 shows several clerics with Catalan names: the deacon Bernard Simon, the archdeacons Raymond Arnaldi and Bernard Pessun, Abbot Berengar of Hermidas, the episcopal chaplain Garnerius and the diocesan chancellor Martin Ermengaudi. Raymond did not call any diocesan synods, nor did he travel widely in his diocese or show a great interest in restoring churches, but he developed the system of council and archdeaconries through which the diocese was administered. He also favoured economic development and the settlement of underpopulated areas. The first university-educated masters (magistri) also arrived in Palencia during his term. The cathedral school developed under Raymond—which educated men like Domingo de Caleruega, Pedro González Telmo and perhaps Gonzalo de Berceo—became the basis of the University of Palencia after Raymond's death.
# Raymond III of Pallars Jussà

Raymond III (died 1047), called Ramon Sunyer (Spanish: Ramón Súñer), was the first Count of Pallars Jussà (Lower Pallars) from 1011 until his death. He succeeded his father, Count Sunyer I of Pallars, who divided his county between his two sons. Raymond, the elder, received Pallars Jussà and William II, the younger, received Pallars Sobirà. Raymond's mother, Ermentrude, was Sunyer's first wife.
As early as 1006, Raymond appears as co-count with his father, but while his father was styled "count by the grace of God", Raymond was merely styled "count". His brother William was not titled count at this time.
In 1040 Raymond signed a convention (convenientia) with Count Ermengol III of Urgell. He agreed to recognise Ermengol as his lord and in return receive an annual subsidy from the count. This was the first charter following the convenientia formula in Pallars Jussà. The scribe was a priest named Vidal who had a long career with Raymond's son, Raymond IV, and the latter's father-in-law, Lord Arnau Mir de Tost. In the same convention, Ermengol quitclaimed the castle of Llimiana (Liminina) to Raymond to put an end to "all the quarrels he had with him" (omnes querelas quas habebat de eum).
When Raymond IV, who succeeded his father, compelled his subjects to swear a collective public oath, he made reference to Raymond III and William II of Pallars Sobirà. On this basis, Pierre Bonnassie argued that the public oath probably originated at least under Raymond III and his brother and that Raymond IV was borrowing their formula. This would be an important piece of evidence that countship in Pallars still reflected the Carolingian model of public office rather than a model of private landowning.

## Marriages and children

Raymond's first wife was Mayor, a daughter (probably the youngest) of Count García Fernández of Castile and Countess Ava of Ribagorza. The first record of their marriage dates to 3 August 1016, but by then they had been married for several years (since 1008/10). Ava's sister Tota was Count Sunyer's second wife and Raymond was thus married to the niece of his step-mother, perhaps through her arrangement. Sometime after January 1027, Raymond repudiated his wife. In 1028 Mayor was governing the monastery of San Miguel del Pedroso in Castile. She was still alive in 1034.
By 1029 Raymond had taken a second wife, Ermessinda. All that is known for certain of her origins is her mother's name, Gilga or Guisla. She may have been a daughter of Count Ermengol I of Urgell, whose second wife was Guisla (flourished 1005–10). Ermessinda was the mother of Raymond's sons, Raymond IV and Sunyer II. She may have been the mother of his only known daughter, Ricarda, who by 1044 was married to García Eizo. Ermessinda outlived her husband and died between 2 August 1055 and 27 October 1069.
# Icicle (yacht)

Icicle is the name of the largest ice yacht ever built. It was built for John Aspinwall Roosevelt for racing on the Hudson River, New York state in 1869. It was 21 metres (68 ft 11 in) long and carried 99 square metres (1,070 sq ft) of canvas. The yacht is still, over 140 years later, recognized by the Guinness Book of Records as a world record.
John A. Roosevelt (Franklin Delano Roosevelt's Uncle) was the first Commodore of the Hudson River Ice Yacht Club (1885) at Poughkeepsie, NY. His ice yacht, "Icicle", required a railway flat car to transport.
In 1871 "Icicle" beat the "Chicago Express" train on a run between Poughkeepsie and Ossining. Early ice yacht clubs spent most of their time racing trains.
# Raymond Redheffer

Raymond Moos Redheffer (April 17, 1921 – May 13, 2005) was an American mathematician. He was the creator of one of the first electronic games, Nim, a knowledge game.

## Early life

He earned his PhD in 1948 from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology under Norman Levinson.

## Career

He taught as a Peirce Fellow at Harvard from 1948 to 1950. His teaching skills were acknowledged 6 decades later by one of his students. He taught for 55 years at the University of California, Los Angeles, writing more than 200 research papers and three textbooks.
Notable and unusual is the physically motivated discussion of the functions of vector calculus in his book with Sokolnikoff. He is known for the Redheffer matrix, the Redheffer star product, and for (with Charles Eames) his 1966 timeline of mathematics entitled Men of Modern Mathematics that was printed and distributed by IBM. He collaborated with Eames on a series of short films about mathematics, and may have invented a version of Nim with electronic components.

## Recognition

* UCLA Distinguished Teaching Award (1969).

## Books

* Sokolnikoff, Ivan Stephen; Redheffer, Raymond M. (1966). Mathematics of Physics and Modern Engineering. McGraw-Hill. ISBN 978-0-07-059625-2.
* Levinson, Norman; Redheffer, Raymond M. (1970), Complex Variables, Holden-Day, ISBN 978-0-07-037492-8.
* Redheffer, Raymond M. (1991), Differential equations : theory and applications, Jones & Bartlett Publishers, ISBN 0-86720-200-9.
* Redheffer, Raymond M. (1992), Introduction to Differential Equations, Jones & Bartlett Publishers, ISBN 978-0-86720-289-2.
# John Crncich

John George Crncich (February 8, 1925 – October 27, 2019) was a Grey Cup champion Canadian Football League player. He played offensive center.
A native Croatian, Crncich played football with Thomas D'Arcy McGee High School, and later attended McGill University, both in Montreal. He won the Grey Cup with the champion St. Hyacinthe-Donnacona Navy team in 1944. He was a player with the Montreal Hornets and in 1946 played one game with the Toronto Argonauts. He finished his football career playing 2 seasons for the Sarnia Imperials. He died on October 27, 2019.
# John Braye, 2nd Baron Braye

John Braye, 2nd Baron Braye (sometimes spelled Bray; d. 19 November 1557) was an English nobleman, courtier, and soldier of the Tudor period.

## Family

Braye was the son of Edmund Braye, who was elevated to the peerage as the first Baron Braye in 1529, by his wife Jane Halliwell. He was the family's only son, but he had six sisters: Anne, who married George Brooke, 9th Baron Cobham; Elizabeth, who married Sir Ralph Verney, of Pendley and Middle Claydon; Frideswide, who married Sir Percival Hart; Mary, who married Sir Robert Peckham; Dorothy, who married Edmund Brydges, 2nd Baron Chandos; and Frances, who married Thomas Lilfield.
When his father died in 1539, Braye succeeded him as the second Baron Braye. Still a minor, he was placed under the wardship of Francis Talbot, 5th Earl of Shrewsbury. Braye would later marry Talbot's daughter, Anne, but they had no children.

## Career

Braye was summoned to Parliament from 3 November 1545 until 21 October 1555, and was a significant military figure of the Tudor period. He was one of the commanding officers in the Earl of Hertford's expedition into France near the end of the reign of Henry VIII. During the rebellions in the second year of Edward VI's reign, he was sent with William Parr, 1st Marquess of Northampton to suppress insurrection in Norfolk.
Braye earned the distrust of Queen Mary, after being heard stating a preference for her sister to be on the throne. He was arrested in May 1556 on suspicion of participating in the Dudley conspiracy. While his wife's attempts to secure his release were fruitless, he was eventually pardoned and released in May 1557. Shortly after his pardon, he left for Europe, where he was part of the joint Spanish and English forces at the Battle of St. Quentin. His pardon may have been a result of the influence of Mary's husband, Philip II of Spain, who was noted for his habit of securing "the pardon and release of political prisoners who were also 'serviceable' men of war."

## Death and succession

Braye returned to England after the Battle of St. Quentin, but died of his wounds later that year on 19 November 1557. His widow would later remarry to Thomas Wharton, 1st Baron Wharton. He was buried at Chelsea Old Church.
As he had no children and no brothers, his title fell into abeyance upon his death. The abeyance would be terminated nearly three centuries later, in 1839, in favor of Sarah Otway-Cave, a descendant of his sister Elizabeth.
Honorary titles :
| Preceded bySir Anthony Browne | Captain of the Gentlemen Pensioners 1549–1550 | Succeeded byThe Marquess of Northampton |
| Peerage of England |||
| Preceded byEdmund Braye | Baron Braye 1539–1557 | Abeyant Abeyance terminated 1839 in favor of Sarah Otway-Cave |
# Raul Fernandez

Raul Fernandez may refer to:
* Raúl Fernández (basketball) (1905–1982), Mexican basketball player
* Raul Fernandez (entrepreneur) (born 1967), American entrepreneur
* Raul Fernández Arrizabalaga (born 1972), Spanish Paralympic judoka and cyclist
* Raül Refree (born 1976), Spanish musician born Raül Fernandez Miró
* Raúl Fernández (long jumper) (born 1978), Spanish long jumper
* Raúl Fernández (footballer, born 1985), Peruvian footballer
* Raúl Fernández (footballer, born 1988), Spanish footballer
* Raúl Fernández (motorcyclist) (born 2000), Spanish motorcycle racer
# John Bonzena

John Kizito Bonzena is a Nigerian politician currently serving as the speaker of the Taraba State House of Assembly. A member of the People's Democratic Party (PDP) representing Zing State Constituency, he was elected speaker of the 9th assembly on 21 December 2022 following the resignation of Joseph Albasu Kunini. Bonzena was re-elected speaker of the 10th assembly in June 2023.

## Early life and education

Bonzena was born to Alikali Bonzena Nonkuve of Yakoko ward in Zing Local Government Area of Taraba State. He received his primary education at Monica Primary School, Yakoko from 1967 to 1973 when he enrolled in government Comprehensive Secondary School Numan finishing with West Africa Examination Certificate (WAEC) in 1978. He attended then Advance Teachers College Jalingo (now College of education zing) from 1980 to 1983. He participated in the mandatory one-year national youth service corps deployed in Imo State between 1984 and 1985.
He began his career as a teacher in 1985 and remained in the job until 1994 when took a study leave to study chemistry in education at the Federal University of Technology Yola graduating in 1996 and later earned advanced diploma in public administration in 2004 and master in public administration in 2010 from same university.

## Political career

Bonzena was elected to the Taraba State House of Assembly to represent Zing State Constituency in the 6th Assembly in 2007 and was re-elected to 7th assembly (2011), 8th assembly (2015), 9th assembly (2019) and 10th assembly (2023). He served on various house committees and as chief whip of the 9th assembly. He was elected speaker of the assembly on 21 December 2022 after the resignation of speaker of the assembly, Joseph Albasu Kunini for personal reasons. He was re-elected speaker of the 10th assembly in June 2023.
# John Booker

John Booker may refer to:
* John Booker (astrologer) (1603–1667), English astrologer
* John Booker (cleric) (1820–1895), English cleric and antiquarian
# Raynoch Thompson

Raynoch Joseph Thompson (born November 21, 1977) is an American former professional football player who was a linebacker in the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Tennessee Volunteers and was selected by the Arizona Cardinals in the second round (45th overall) of the 2000 NFL draft. He spent 5 years for the Cardinals, until they released him at the end of the 2004 season. After his time with the Cardinals, he signed with the Green Bay Packers, but they cut him before the season. He was an All-American and a Butkus Award finalist in 1997 and 1998. He was an important part of the University of Tennessee national championship team that went undefeated in 1998.

## NFL career statistics

Legend :
| Bold | Career high |
| Year | Team | Games | Games | Tackles | Tackles | Tackles | Tackles | Tackles | Interceptions | Interceptions | Interceptions | Interceptions | Interceptions | Fumbles | Fumbles | Fumbles | Fumbles |
| Year | Team | GP | GS | Cmb | Solo | Ast | Sck | TFL | Int | Yds | TD | Lng | PD | FF | FR | Yds | TD |
| 2000 | ARI | 11 | 9 | 52 | 36 | 16 | 0.0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 2001 | ARI | 14 | 14 | 83 | 62 | 21 | 0.5 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 2002 | ARI | 16 | 16 | 110 | 77 | 33 | 3.0 | 11 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 2003 | ARI | 12 | 12 | 63 | 54 | 9 | 3.0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| 2004 | ARI | 11 | 3 | 37 | 24 | 13 | 1.0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| | | 64 | 54 | 345 | 253 | 92 | 7.5 | 25 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 7 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 |