OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Richmond, KwaZulu-Natal

Richmond is a town situated on the banks of the upper Lovu River in the Midlands of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.

## Geography

The town is located within the Richmond Local Municipality, forming part of the Umgungundlovu District Municipality and incorporates the former township of Ndaleni on the opposite bank of the Illovo River. Timber, sugarcane, poultry, citrus fruit and dairy goods are produced here. It is approximately 38 km south-west of Pietermaritzburg on the R56 road.

## History

Richmond was established in 1850 as Beaulieu-on-Illovo by British Byrne Settlers who were originally from New Forest/Beaulieu, in Hampshire.
Passages were obtained on J.C. Byrne and Co.’s Lady Bruce, and ‘the Duke’s people’, as they came to be known, were located on the Illovo river, not far from the Wesleyans’ Indaleni Mission Station This year
The expenses for wagon-hire to their allotments and survey fees were charges to the Duke's account by Moreland, and the Duke also met the costs of flour, tents, and seed. He even donated L100 to Pietermaritzburg's Anglican minister, the Revd James Green, to be used towards the construction of a church in their new settlement. Their rural allotments were on land which was given the name Beaulieu Estate, and Beaulieu was the name given to the village.
Because of the similarity of the names of the two entities, confusion arose with land titles, and before 1850 was out, the nearby village had been renamed Richmond, after the Duke's seat in Richmond, Surrey.
The arrival of the settlers brought about a slow return of various remnants of African people who fled the raiding Zulu armies. The Zulus called these refugees "amaBhaca", (people who hide). Although composed of elements of many different groups, the Bhaca have developed their own identity.
In February 1906 two British officers were killed at Byrne, near Richmond while involved in enforcing the collection of the hated Poll Tax from "recalcitrant districts". This incident, known as the Trewirgie Incident, precipitated the imposition of martial law and set off the Bambatha Rebellion.
One of Natal's greatest tycoons, Joseph Baynes, a Yorkshireman by birth, was a pioneer of the dairy industry. His Baynesfield Estate was bequeathed in his will to the nation of South Africa.
A good history of Richmond has been written by Coulson 1986. The town is controlled by the Dlamini family which have enormous wealth followed by the Mckenzies.

## Notable people

* Ebrahim Desai
* Harold Kitson
* Mhleli Dlamini
# Ioan Mang

Ioan Mang (Romanian pronunciation:; born July 15, 1958) is a Romanian politician and member of the Social Democratic Party. Mang served as the Education Minister in Victor Ponta's cabinet for eight days, and as a professor of Computer Science at the University of Oradea.

## Biography

Mang studied at the University of Timișoara and received his doctorate in engineering in 1998. He guided a department of the university there for the period from 1993 until 2000. Since March 2000 he is the rector at the University of Oradea. Since 2001 he is in the PSD (Social Democratic Party). Mang has a wife and two children.

## Academic misconduct controversy

On 10 May 2012, he was accused of plagiarism of many of his academic papers and resigned on 15 May due to those plagiarism allegations.
# Street Warriors (film)

Street Warriors (original title Perros callejeros) is a Spanish film from 1977 directed by José Antonio de la Loma [es], known for being the first film of the cine quinqui ("delinquency cinema") genre that was popular in Spain at the end of the 1970s and in the 1980s. The story is inspired by the adventures of the famous delinquent Juan José Moreno Cuenca [es] (1961–2003; also known as el Vaquilla).

## Plot

The film is about a gang of teenage car thieves from the suburbs of Barcelona. The delinquents have various run-ins with the law and mistreat women. The main character, El Torete, is 15 years old.

## Cast

The main actors were not professional actors. The cast included:
* Ángel Fernández Franco [es] as El Torete
* Víctor Petit
* Frank Braña as El Esquinao
* Xabier Elorriaga as Father Ignacio
* Marta Flores

## Reception

The film was a box office hit.
Fernando Trueba writing for El País said that while the cinematography was terrible that the film had a strong feel of authenticity.
Cinemanía describes the film as having aged very badly, while still being a good reflection of the times.

## Later films

Perros callejeros is the first in a trilogy:
* Perros callejeros (1977)
* Perros callejeros II (1978)
* Los últimos golpes de El Torete (1980)
In total the director made a series of five quinqui films. The other in the series are:
* Yo, el Vaquilla (1985)
* Perras callejeras (1985)
# Jørgen Salsten

Jørgen Salsten (born 4 May 1963) is a Norwegian former ice hockey player. He was born in Oslo, Norway, the brother of Petter Salsten, and played for the club Furuset IF. He played for the Norwegian national ice hockey team at the 1988 Winter Olympics.
# Norman Frank

Norman Joseph Fetbrod (February 18, 1925 – 11 May 2007), better known by his professional name Norman Frank, was an American public relations executive and politician who helped the Patrolmen's Benevolent Association (PBA) defeat a civilian complaint review board proposed by New York City Mayor John V. Lindsay. Frank was chief strategist for PBA president John Cassese.
Born in Manhattan, Frank worked as a law clerk after high school, then attended Michigan State University before joining the United States Army Air Corps during World War II. He worked in advertising upon return and was a producer and director of Star of the Family which ran on CBS from 1950 to 1952. He was a producer for the documentary series Wide Wide World and a producer and director of The Jonathan Winters Show.
Prior to his unsuccessful bid for his party's mayoral nomination, Frank said about Mayor Lindsay, "He's the most popular mayor in the world — outside of New York."
It took until 1992 for an independent review board to be created during the administration of Mayor David Dinkins. Frank died in Miami, Florida.
# North Tama Telegraph

The North Tama Telegraph is a weekly newspaper published in Traer, Iowa. The paper primarily serves the community of Traer, but also provided news and sports coverage of neighboring communities in Tama County, Iowa. The small towns of Dysart, Buckingham, and Clutier are also included in this coverage area, along with the local school district, North Tama.

## History

The Traer Clipper was founded in 1874 and the Traer Star was founded in 1878. The two papers merged in 1883 to form the Traer Star-Clipper. In May 2024, Ogden Newspapers merged the paper with the Dysart Reporter, founded in 1878, to form the North Tama Telegraph.
# Isticeu

The Isticeu is a right tributary of the river Gurghiu in Transylvania, Romania. It discharges into the Gurghiu in Ibănești. Its length is 18 km (11 mi) and its basin size is 68 km$^2$ (26 sq mi).
# I'll Always Love You (album)

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| Christgau's Record Guide | B− |
I'll Always Love You is the sixteenth studio album by Canadian country pop artist Anne Murray, released in 1979 via Capitol Records. In the U.S. the album reached #4 on the Billboard Country albums chart and number 24 on the Billboard Pop Albums chart. It achieved American sales of approximately 900,000 copies. It was certified Gold by the Recording Industry Association of America RIAA.
The disc contains Murray's fourth #1 Country hit "Broken Hearted Me". It also contains her revival of The Monkees' 1967 #1 hit "Daydream Believer" which peaked at number 12 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart. The album also contained compositions by Dave Loggins, Rory Bourke, Charlie Black and Jesse Winchester.
The photo on the album cover depicts Murray, seated alone in a restaurant after what appears to be a broken engagement. Murray, who was then pregnant with her daughter Dawn Langstroth, is seated at a table so that her pregnancy is not visible in the photo.

## Personnel

* Anne Murray – all vocals
* Brian Gatto – keyboards
* Pat Riccio, Jr. – keyboards
* Doug Riley – acoustic piano (6)
* Bob Mann – guitars
* Aidan Mason – guitars
* Brian Russell – guitars
* Bob Lucier – steel guitar, dobro
* Peter Cardinali – bass (1-5, 7-10), horn and string arrangements (3-5, 7-9)
* Tom Szczesniak – bass (6)
* Jørn Andersen – drums (1-5, 7-10), percussion
* Barry Keane – drums (6)
* Rick Wilkins – horn and string arrangements (1, 2, 6)

### Production

* Balmur Ltd. – executive producers
* Jim Ed Norman – producer
* Ken Friesen – engineer
* Peter Holcomb – assistant engineer
* Paul Cade – art direction, design
* Gord Marci – photography
* Typsetta, Inc. – typography
# Ar Rujaydah

Ar Rujaydah is a village in eastern Yemen. It is located in the Hadhramaut Governorate.
# Ar Rubah

Ar Rubah is a village in eastern Yemen. It is located in the Hadhramaut Governorate.
# Arbouet

Arbouet may refer to:
* Arbouet-Sussaute, a commune in south-western France
* Kevin Arbouet (born 1977), American film director
# Galerie Harfa

Galerie Harfa is a shopping mall located in the Libeň district of Prague, Czech Republic. It has around 160 shops and an area of 49,000 square metres (527,000 sq ft). The centre has a distinctive dinosaur-themed amusement park on the roof, which opened a year after the shopping centre itself.

## History

Galerie Harfa opened on 11 November 2010 as the only shopping centre to open in Prague that year. The following year a dinosaur-themed amusement park on the roof, DinoPark Praha [cs], opened.

## Tenants

Galerie Harfa opened with an ice rink on its roof as well as various services including dry cleaning, hairdressing, and banking. There is also a food court with cafes and restaurants, as well as a gym.
The Czech Ice Hockey Hall of Fame was housed at Galerie Harfa for eight years until it closed in May 2023.

## Events

Harfa was home to an exhibition of Czech athletics history from December 2014 leading up to the 2015 European Athletics Indoor Championships, which were held in the adjacent O2 Arena. Harfa hosted a fanzone for the 2015 IIHF World Championship, which was held in Prague and Ostrava. In 2023 it co-hosted the Czech Republic Squash Championship. The centre has hosted an annual chocolate festival dating back to at least 2013.

## Transport

The centre is served by the Českomoravská metro station on Prague Metro's Line B, which also provides local bus services. Tram stops Divadlo Gong and Ocelářska are also close to Harfa. The Praha-Libeň railway station is a short distance from the shopping centre too.
# John Plant

John Plant may refer to:
* John Plant (footballer) (1871–1950), England international footballer
* Jack Plant, actor in the 1967 film Ulysses
* John Plant (coach) (1877–1954), American sports coach at Bucknell University, 1926–1947
* John Plant (ethnologist) (born 1954), American ethnologist, biologist and expert on the culture of the Plains Indians
* John Plant, Australian creator of the Primitive Technology channel
# Carlos Luna

Carlos Luna may refer to:
* Carlos Luna (footballer)
* Carlos Luna (volleyball)
* Carlos Luna (artist)
# Arbanitis beni

Arbanitis beni is a species of armoured trap-door spider in the family Idiopidae, and is endemic to New South Wales.
It was first described by Graham Wishart in 2006 as Misgolas beni, but was transferred to the genus, Arbanitis, by Michael Rix and others in 2017.
# Arbanitis davidwilsoni

Arbanitis davidwilsoni is a species of armoured trap-door spider in the family Idiopidae, and is endemic to New South Wales.
It was first described by Wishart and Rowell in 2008 as Misgolas davidwilsoni, but was transferred to the genus, Arbanitis, by Michael Rix and others in 2017.
# Arbanitis cliffi

Arbanitis cliffi is a species of armoured trap-door spider in the family Idiopidae, and is endemic to New South Wales.
It was first described by Graham Wishart in 2006 as Misgolas cliffi, but was transferred to the genus, Arbanitis, by Michael Rix and others in 2017.
# Gambang (instrument)

A gambang, properly called a gambang kayu ('wooden gambang') is a xylophone-like instrument used in Indonesian gamelan and kulintang ensembles. It has wooden bars (wilah) in contrast to the metallic ones of the more typical metallophones in a gamelan. A largely obsolete instrument, the gambang gangsa, is a similar instrument made with metal bars.

## Gambang kayu

The bars of the instrument are made of a hardwood, often teak though many other species are used: ironwood (kayu besi), merbau (Borneo teak), jackfruit, ramin, rawan, Artocarpus species, etc. The bars are mounted on a deep wooden case that serves as a resonator. Instruments typically have 17-21 keys that are easily removed, and are kept in place by having a hole through which a nail is placed. Generally a full gamelan has two sets, one gambang pelog and the other one gambang slendro.
A pair of long thin mallets (tabuh), made of flexible water buffalo horn tipped with felt, are used to play the instrument. Gambangs are generally played in parallel octaves (gembyang). Occasionally, other styles of playing are employed such as playing kempyung, i.e. two notes separated by two keys. Unlike most other gamelan instruments, no dampening is required, as the internal damping is much greater than in the metal keys of other instruments.
The gambang is used in a number of gamelan ensembles. It is most notable in the Balinese gamelan Gambang. In Javanese wayang, it is used by itself to accompany the dalang in certain chants. Within a full gamelan, it stands out somewhat because of the high speed of playing, its contrasting timbre due to its materials, and its comaparatively wide melodic range.
In Javanese gamelan, the gambang plays cengkok like the other elaborating instruments. However, the repertoire of cengkok for the gambang is more rudimentary than for other instruments (for instance, the gendér), and a great deal of variation is accepted.

## Gambang gangsa

The gambang gangsa has a similar construction, although it generally has fewer keys (typically 15) and is thus somewhat smaller. It has largely been replaced by the saron family of instruments. It was formerly thought to have been a forerunner of the one-octave saron, although more recent evidence, including the appearance of the saron in reliefs at Borobudur in the 9th century, indicate that the instruments are of the same age or that the one-octave saron is older.
In early 19th century writings on the Javanese gamelan, it seems to have been played like the gambang kayu; that is, as an elaborating instrument. Later, by 1890, it seems to have merely substituted for a saron, and have been restricted to a small range. Mantle Hood associated this use of limited range to a preference for certain octave arrangements of the cadences in various pathet.
# Gambang kromong

Various hanging Gongs (gong ageng, gong suwukan, kempul) of Gamelan in Indonesia :
Music of Indonesia :
Genres :
Classical
Kecapi suling
Tembang sunda
Kecak
Pop Indo
Hip hop
Dangdut
Campursari
Kroncong
Langgam jawa
Celempungan
Gambang kromong
Tanjidor
Jaipongan
Pop Sunda
Rock
Tapanuli ogong :
Specific forms :
Angklung
Beleganjur
Calung
Gambus
Degung
Gamelan
Gambang
Gender Wayang
Gong gede
Gong kebyar
Jegog
Joged bumbung
Melayu
Karinding
Kendang
Kolintang
Kulintang
Kuriding
Kurung-kurung
Salendro
Selunding
Semar pegulingan
Surakarta
Gendang beleq
Gordang sambilan
Saluang
Suling
Talempong
Tarawangsa
Tifa totobuang :
Regional music :
Bali
Borneo
Java
Moluccan Islands
Papua
Sulawesi
Sumatra
Sundanese
Malay
Minangkabau
Bataks
Dayaks
Ambonese
Buginese
Acehnese :
vte :
Gambang kromong is a traditional orchestra of Betawi people which is a blend of gamelan, Western music and Chinese-style pentatonic base tones. Gambang kromong is closely associated with the Chinese Betawi community, especially the Chinese Peranakan. It was popular in the 1930s.

## Instruments

Gambang kromong orchestral instruments consists of: gambang kayu (a xylophone-like instrument), kromong (a set of 5 toned bonang), two Chinese rebab-like instruments called ohyan and gihyan with its resonator made out of a small coconut shell, a diatonic pitched flute that is blown crosswise, kenong and gendang drums. Western instruments such as trumpets, guitars, violins, and saxophones may also be included.

## History

Nie Hoe Kong, Kapitein der Chinezen, a musician and Dutch-appointed leader of the Chinese community in mid-18th-century Batavia, is considered one of the early figures who developed the Gambang kromong.
In its first appearance in Batavia, the orchestra was called gambang. Later in the beginning of the 20th century, they began to use additional instruments, the bonang or kromong, so it is called gambang kromong. During that period, almost every part of Batavia had a gambang kromong orchestra.
Gambang Kromong reached its peak of popularity around 1937. One of the popular groups was Gambang Kromong Ngo Hong Lao, whose players were all ethnic Chinese people. The instruments used in the orchestral group were considered to be the most extensive. For the wealthy Chinese, it was a custom to liven up a party by calling a gambang kromong orchestra, usually accompanying a song. Gambang kromong was also performed during the Cap Go Meh festival, sometimes with plays.

## Characteristic

Gambang kromong used the Chinese scale instead of the local slendro typical in Javanese, Sundanese, or Balinese gamelan. The set appears in the xylophone-like instrument gambang, used in the orchestra.
In addition to accompanying songs, Gambang Kromong usually accompanies social dances such as the Cokek dance, a newly created performance dance as well as in Lenong theatre.
# Gambaiseuil

Gambaiseuil (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Yvelines department in the Île-de-France region in north-central France.
# Gamanam

Gamanam (lit. 'journey') may refer to these Indian films:
* Gamanam (1994 film), directed by Sree Prakash
* Gamanam (2021 film), directed by Sujana Rao
# John R. Raymond

John R. Raymond is an American nephrologist and academic administrator serving as the sixth President and CEO of the Medical College of Wisconsin, Wisconsin's only private medical school.

## Education

Raymond attended Archbishop Hoban High School in Akron, Ohio, he graduated in 1974. He earned a bachelor's degree from Ohio State University in 1978 and a Doctor of Medicine from the Ohio State University College of Medicine in 1982. He completed his residency and nephrology fellowship at the Duke University Hospital.

## Career

After completing his residency, Raymond joined the faculty of the Duke University School of Medicine. He served as Associate Chief of Staff for Research at the Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center in Charleston, South Carolina. Raymond later served as the Vice President for Academic Affairs and Provost of the Medical University of South Carolina. Raymond became president and CEO of the Medical College of Wisconsin on July 1, 2010.
# Gag/pol translational readthrough site

Gag/pol translational readthrough site (or Retroviral readthrough element) is a cis-regulatory element found in retroviruses. The readthrough site facilitates the mechanism of translation readthrough of the stop codon at the gag-pol junction producing the gag and pol fusion protein in certain retroviruses. Retroviruses whose gag and pol genes are in the same reading frame often depend upon approximately 5% read-through of the gag UAG termination codon to form the gag-pol polyprotein. This readthrough is usually dependent on a pseudoknot located eight nucleotides downstream of the stop codon (UAG). Sequence conservation is found in the second pseudoknot loop.
* Secondary structures
* GP_knot1
* GP_knot2
# Gaocun Township, Zhao County

Gaocun (Chinese: 高村; pinyin: Gāocūn) is a township of Zhao County in southwestern Hebei province, China, located 6 to 7 kilometres (3.7 to 4.3 mi) southwest of the county seat. As of 2011, it has 23 villages under its administration.
# Carretera del Norte de La Palma

Carretera del Norte de La Palma, designated as LP-1, is the main autovía (a type of highway in Spain) of the northern part of La Palma (Canary Islands, Spain) with the Santa Cruz de La Palma, its port and La Palma Airport from the east side and with the municipality of Los Llanos de Aridane on its western side. The road crosses many geographical features and various infrastructures such as bridges and tunnels, the most important being Los Tilos Viaduct.

## Remodelling

Thanks to the Road Agreements between the Government of Spain and the Canary Islands, the road has been improved in the Santa Cruz-Los Sauces sections and in the municipality of Garafía. Work is currently underway on the Los Sauces-Garafía section. The remodeling of the section between Garafía and Los Llanos is under study, which would include the construction of a bridge over the Las Angustias ravine, 900 m long and 300 m high.
# Gardner

Gardner may refer to:

## People and fictional characters

* Gardner (given name)
* Gardner (surname)

## Places
### United States

* Gardner, Colorado
* Gardner, Illinois
* Gardner, Kansas
* Gardner, Massachusetts
* Gardner, North Dakota
* Gardner, Tennessee
* Gardner, Wisconsin
* Gardner Mountain, Washington state
* Gardner Pinnacles Hawaii
* Gardner Point, a mountain in Glacier National Park, Montana
* Gardner River, Yellowstone National Park, Montana and Wyoming

### Elsewhere

* Gardner Inlet in Antarctica
* Gardner Canal in British Columbia, Canada
* Gardner Island or Nikumaroro, part of the Phoenix Islands, Kiribati
* Gardner (crater) on the Moon

## Other uses

* L. Gardner and Sons Ltd., Manchester, England, a builder of diesel engines
* Gardner (automobile), a car maker based in St. Louis, Missouri, between 1920 and 1931
* Gardner snake, any species of North American snake within the genus Thamnophis, more properly called garter snakes
* Gardner gun, an early machine gun
# Cash Box Top 100 Pop Singles

The Cash Box Top 100 Pop Singles (also known as the Cash Box Top 100) was a record chart in the United States for songs, published weekly by Cash Box magazine, which began publication in 1942. As a close competitor to Billboard magazine, it was first issued for the September 13, 1958 issue when they expanded their top 75 chart to one hundred positions. The original version of the magazine lasted through November 16, 1996. While Billboard ranked singles weekly mixing the total airplay on radio stations and singles sales from all across North America, Cash Box presented their rankings via all sales and airplay of songs without splitting up genres in order to formulate the generalized popularity of a single's overall presence. Many singles hit number one in Cash Box that didn't on Billboard and vice versa.
# John Sutton IV

Sir John de Sutton IV (6 December 1361 – 10 March 1396) is the 3rd Baron Sutton of Dudley, and heir of Dudley Castle. He was the son of Sir John de Sutton III, 2nd Lord of Dudley, and Katherine de Stafford, youngest daughter of Ralph de Stafford, 1st Earl of Stafford. At the time of his father's death, John IV was a minor whose wardship and marriage was granted to Richard FitzAlan, 11th Earl of Arundel. During the fifth year of Richard II of England, 350 marks was paid to Sir Philip le Spencer, to be a guardian over John IV with the arrangement of marriage to his daughter, Alice. She died in 1392 without issue. John married secondly to an unknown Joan (d. April 1408), by whom Sir John de Sutton V succeeded as heir.
# Gambhiraopet

Gambhiraopet is a village in Gambhiraopet mandal of Rajanna Sircilla district And territory district Karimnagar in the state of Telangana in India. and there are 18 villages under gambhiraopet mandal and mixed religious people live there i.e. Hindu, Muslim, Christians and it has to be taluka before but it remains as a mandal.
Gambhiraopet has a tourist attraction Akhanda Dweepam, from the chalukya rule 800 years ago.

## Geography

Gambhiraopet is located at 18°18′00″N 78°35′00″E﻿ / ﻿18.3000°N 78.5833°E﻿ / 18.3000; 78.5833. It has an average elevation of 421 metres (1,381 ft) above mean sea level.