OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Kudüm

Kudüm is one of the most fundamental rhythm instruments in classical Turkish music. The person playing it is called kudümzen. It is grouped with the ney, rebap, and halile as one of the four main instruments in Mevlevi music. It consists of a pair of small, hemispherical drums. Traditionally kudüm was played in religious ceremonies; in a secular context, like in mehter music, its slightly bigger cousin nakkare is played.
The drums are some 28–30 cm. in diameter and about 16 cm high, growing narrower toward the bottom like a half-sphere. They are made of beaten copper, and resemble two bowls, one larger than the other. The difference in the thickness of the skin in the two bowls create a difference in pitch: the high-pitched drum (tek) is placed on the left, the other (düm) on the right. The tek, with its thinner skin, is slightly smaller than the düm. The tension in the skin can be adjusted to tune the instrument according to the makam of the music being played. Camel's skin is usually preferred, although sometimes cattle or llama is also used. The drums are placed on two leather links filled with cotton to prevent them from slipping and to avoid direct contact with the floor to get the right sound. The kudüm is played with two wooden sticks made of soft wood known as zahme. The metal body of the kudüm is generally covered with leather to prevent it giving off a tinny sound.
Historically, the kudüm was played and developed by the Mevlevis in religious ceremonies. In fact, it was not until the 20th century that the instrument was used in mainstream Turkish classical music. It was used in a nonreligious setting for the first time in 1947 in a concert organized by the Üsküdar Musical Association. In 1957, the first radio performance was performed by Kudümzen Hurşit Ungay. Cafer Açın was an instrument maker who made important changes in the making of the instrument in the latter half of the 20th century. Sadettin Heper is also an important composer whose music involved the instrument.
# 1999 Burnley Borough Council election

The 1999 Burnley Borough Council election took place on 6 May 1999 to elect members of Burnley Borough Council in Lancashire, England. One third of the council was up for election and the Labour Party stayed in overall control of the council.
After the election, the composition of the council was:
* Labour 31
* Liberal Democrat 9
* Independent 5
* Conservative 3

## Campaign

Seventeen seats were contested in the election, with two vacancies in Rosehill ward. Labour were the only party to contest all 17 seats, with the other candidates coming from the Liberal Democrats, Conservatives and Independents. A record nine independents stood in the election in which they were defending seats in Lowerhouse, Queensgate and Rosehill, in all of which councillors had previously defected from Labour.
The election saw controversy in Daneshouse ward where a policy enquiry was launched after complaints of voters being assigned proxy votes without their permission. Out of an electorate of 4,158, over 1,100 had proxy votes with an estimate that 775 would be for Liberal Democrats as against 375 for Labour. The Liberal Democrat candidate, Mozaquir Ali, said he would call for the election to be re-run if he lost, as a council electoral officer had given him incorrect advice on the eligibility of some proxy votes. The situation in Daneshouse partly led to the government reviewing the law on proxy votes to ensure they were not misused to guarantee votes. Meanwhile, the police enquiry would last for nearly a year but eventually decided no action should be taken.
The police were again asked to investigate due to claims in an Independent candidate's leaflet. Labour said that the claim that they reduced rates on their own party offices was misleading and in contravention of the Representation of the People Act 1983.

## Election result

The results of the election saw all four groups on the council remain at the same number of seats, with Labour keeping their majority on the council. The only seat changes came in Brunshaw where the Independent took a seat from Labour and in Lanehead where Labour took a seat back. Overall turnout in the election was 28%.
The hard-fought contest in Danehouse ward saw the Liberal Democrat Mozaquir Ali win the election by 216 over Saeed Akhtar Chaudhary from Labour. Turnout in the ward was a record 70% substantially higher than in the rest of Burnley. On the day after the election fighting broke out in Danehouse ward between supporters of Labour and the Liberal Democrats with the police needed to separate the two groups, while the Labour candidate and his son were hit by a vehicle.
Burnley Local Election Result 1999 :
| Party | Seats | Gains | Losses | Net gain/loss | Seats % |
| Labour | 9 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 52.9 |
| Liberal Democrats | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 19.0 |
| Independent | 3 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 17.6 |
| Conservative | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5.9 |
# Leptoscyphus azoricus

Leptoscyphus azoricus is a species of liverwort in the family Lophocoleaceae. It is endemic to Portugal.
# Le Pont-de-Beauvoisin, Savoie

Le Pont-de-Beauvoisin (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Savoie department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region in south-eastern France. It lies on the right bank of the Guiers, opposite Le Pont-de-Beauvoisin in Isère. Merchant, financier and politician Emmanuel Crétet was born here in 1747.
# Peter Paul Althaus

Peter Paul Althaus (28 July 1892, Münster – 16 September 1965, Munich) was a German poet.
# Philip Elhage

Philip Yousef Elhage (born 11 April 1982) is a sport shooter. Born in Curaçao, he competes internationally for Aruba. Elhage represented the Netherlands Antilles at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, where he competed in the men's 10 m air pistol. He finished only in forty-sixth place by two points behind Turkey's Yusuf Dikeç from the fourth attempt, for a total score of 566 targets. Elhage represented Aruba at the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo. He competed in the men's 10 metre air pistol qualification round on 24 July, where he shot 556 points resulting in 35th place and failing to qualify to the final.
# Jim McGuigan

James Fitzgerald McGuigan (November 9, 1923 – March 5, 1998) was a politician in Ontario, Canada. He was a Liberal member of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario from 1977 to 1990.

## Background

McGuigan was educated at Ontario Agricultural College, and worked as a farmer. He served as the president of several farming organizations, including the Kent County Vegetable Growers Association, the Kent County Federation of Agriculture and the Ontario Fruit and Vegetable Growers' Association. He also served as chair of the Raleigh-Harwich Public School Board, and was an executive member of the Ontario Federation of Agriculture from 1973 to 1977. McGuigan was known as an agricultural innovator. He pioneered the use of plastic greenhouses for tobacco production. He also experimented with the production, pre-cooling and shipment of strawberries to markets in Ontario and Quebec. Together with his wife Mona, they raised four children on their farm in Cedar Springs, Chatham-Kent, Ontario.

## Politics

He was elected to the Ontario legislature in the 1977 provincial election, defeating Progressive Conservative Don Luckham by 641 votes in the southwestern Ontario riding of Kent—Elgin. In the 1981 election, he defeated PC challenger Wes Thompson by 337 votes.
The Liberal Party made an electoral breakthrough in the 1985 provincial election, and McGuigan was re-elected by a significant margin. Following the election, the Liberals were able to form a minority government with support from the Ontario New Democratic Party. During the next five years he was appointed as parliamentary assistant to several ministers including the Energy, Natural Resources, Transportation and Agriculture.
Ontario's electoral map was redistributed before the 1987 election, and McGuigan was forced to face NDP incumbent Pat Hayes in the new riding of Essex—Kent. McGuigan won by 1,063 votes, as the Liberal Party won a landslide majority across the province.
The NDP defeated the Liberals in the 1990 provincial election, and Hayes defeated McGuigan by almost 6,000 votes. He retired from politics after his defeat.

## After politics

In 1992, he was inducted into the Kent Agricultural Hall of Fame. He died at Chatham Public General Hospital in 1998.
# Ozothamnus lepidophyllus

Ozothamnus lepidophyllus (common name scaly-leaved everlasting) is a shrub in the family Asteraceae, native to Western Australia. It is erect, growing from 0.25 to 0.6 m high with white flowers and grows on loamy, sandy and rocky soils.
The species was described in 1845 by German botanist Joachim Steetz.
# Spruce-pine-fir

Spruce-pine-fir (SPF) is a classification of lumber that can be traded on commodities exchanges.
In Canada, and parts of the United States, most of the spruce tree species, pine tree species, and fir tree species share similar physical and mechanical characteristics, to the point where lumber derived from any of these species are interchangeable for construction purposes. Therefore, it makes sense to harvest and process them together, and sell them as one product.
On some exchanges, there are different prices for Eastern and Western SPF varieties, and the price of Eastern SPF is generally higher than the price of Western SPF. When both types are sold together, the term Composite SPF is used. There is also utility-grade SPF, which is the lowest and cheapest grade.
Western SPF species generally grow faster and larger, but Eastern SPF species are generally stronger.

## Western SPF

Western SPF comes from the Canadian provinces of British Columbia and Alberta, and the US states of California, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, Oregon, Washington, and Wyoming.
It consists of the following species:
* White spruce (Picea glauca)
* Engelmann spruce (Picea engelmannii)
* Lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta)
* Alpine fir (Abies lasiocarpa)
Random-length lumber futures and options are traded on the Chicago Mercantile Exchange, and western SPF is the type of lumber specified in the trading specs. The term random length is used because even though all the boards are 2x4s, the lengths can be between 2.4 and 6.1 metres (8 and 20 ft).

## Eastern SPF

Eastern SPF comes from the Canadian provinces of Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, and Newfoundland and Labrador.
It consists of the following species:
* Black spruce (Picea mariana)
* Red spruce (Picea rubens)
* White spruce (Picea glauca)
* Jack pine (Pinus banksiana)
* Balsam fir (Abies balsamea)
# Latona (ship)

A number of vessels have been named Latona for the Greco-Roman goddess Leto:
* Latona (1786 ship) was launched at Newcastle. She served in the Baltic timber trade. A French privateer captured her in 1800, but she was immediately recaptured. She was last listed in 1835. Possibly wrecked in 1835.
* Latona (1789 ship) was launched at Whitby. She made one voyage for the British East India Company (EIC) in (1794-1795), and one whaling voyage in 1818–1820. She was wrecked in 1841.
# Seminar III: Zozobra

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | link |
Seminar III: Zozobra is the third studio album by Old Man Gloom, released in 2001 by Hydra Head Records imprint Tortuga Recordings.

## Personnel

* Caleb Scofield – bass guitar and backing vocals
* Santos "Hanno" Montano – drumming, backup vocals, data backup, Mexican vibes, viral marketing
* Luke Scarola – effects and Electronics
* Nate Newton – guitar and backing vocals
* Aaron Turner – guitar and vocals
* This article about a 2000s doom metal album is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# K-1 PREMIUM 2005 Dynamite!!

K-1 PREMIUM 2005 Dynamite!! was an annual kickboxing and mixed martial arts event held by K-1 and Hero's on New Year's Eve, Sunday, December 31, 2005 at the Osaka Dome in Osaka, Japan. It featured 7 HERO'S MMA rules fights, and 4 K-1 rules fights.
The event attracted a sellout crowd of 53,025 to the Osaka Dome, and was broadcast across Japan on the TBS Network.
In the main event, Norifumi "KID" Yamamoto defeated Genki Sudo in the finals of the Hero's Middleweight Tournament to become the first HERO'S Middleweight Champion.
The semi final match was a modified rules bout between Royce Gracie and Hideo Tokoro, which was declared a draw.

## Results

* ↑ Finals of the HERO'S Middleweight Tournament For K-1 HERO'S Middleweight Championship
* ↑ Special rules bout. Ruled a draw due to lack of judges.
* ↑ As the referee was giving instructions, Nakao kissed Herring on the lips. Herring then punched Nakao, knocking him out cold. Nakao was unable to continue, and was ruled the winner by DQ. The fight was later ruled a no contest after the kiss was also ruled a foul.

## 2005 Hero's Middleweight (154 lbs) Grand Prix

| Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Final | Final |
| Kazuyuki Miyata | | | | | |
| Genki Sudo | SUB | | | | |
| Genki Sudo | SUB | Genki Sudo | SUB | | |
| | | Hiroyuki Takaya | | | |
| Remigijus Morkevičius | | Hiroyuki Takaya | | | |
| Hiroyuki Takaya | TKO | | | | |
| Hiroyuki Takaya | TKO | | | Genki Sudo | |
| | | | | Norifumi Yamamoto | TKO |
| Royler Gracie | | | | | | Norifumi Yamamoto | TKO |
| Norifumi Yamamoto | KO | | | | |
| Norifumi Yamamoto | KO | Caol Uno | | | |
| | | Norifumi Yamamoto | TKO | | |
| Hideo Tokoro | | Norifumi Yamamoto | TKO | | |
| Caol Uno | DEC | | | | |
# Le Pondy

Le Pondy (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Cher department in the Centre-Val de Loire region of France.

## Geography

An area of lakes, forestry and farming comprising a small village and two hamlets situated by the banks of the river Arnon, some 21 miles (34 km) southeast of Bourges, at the junction of the D953 and the D6 roads.

## Sights

* The fifteenth-century chateau.
* An eighteenth-century stone cross.
# Laurentius van Geel

Laurentius van Geel is a Dutch Paralympic swimmer. He represented the Netherlands at the 1992 Summer Paralympics in Barcelona, Spain and at the 1996 Summer Paralympics in Atlanta, Georgia, United States. In total, he won one silver medal and two bronze medals.
At the 1992 Summer Paralympics, he won the silver medal in the men's 100 m Breaststroke SB7 event. At the 1996 Summer Paralympics, he won bronze medals in the men's 100 m Breaststroke SB7 and men's 4 × 100 m Medley S7-10 events.
# Jim Papai

Jim Papai (born c. 1949) was a Canadian football player who played for the Hamilton Tiger-Cats and Edmonton Eskimos. He won the Grey Cup with Hamilton in 1972. He played college football on a football scholarship at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.
# 1902 Northern Illinois State Normal football team

The 1902 Northern Illinois State Normal football team represented Northern Illinois State Normal College as an independent in the 1902 college football season. They were led by fourth-year head coach John A. H. Keith. The team finished the season with a 5–1–1 record. Sanford Givens was the team's captain.

## Schedule

| Date | Opponent | Site | Result |
| October 9 | at Sandwich High School | Sandwich, IL | W 6–0 |
| October 18 | Geneva Athletic Association | DeKalb, IL | W 22–0 |
| October 23 | at Plano High School | Plano, IL | T 0–0 |
| November 1 | Plano High School | DeKalb, IL | W 23–0 |
| November 8 | at Geneva High School | Geneva, IL | W 11–0 |
| November 15 | Eastern Illinois | Athletic ParkDeKalb, IL | W 10–0 |
| November 27 | at Whitewater State | Whitewater, WI | L 5–16 |
# Latona (disambiguation)

Latona is the Roman equivalent of Leto, a goddess in Greek mythology.
Latona may also refer to:

## Ships

* HMS Latona, several ships of the Royal Navy
* USS Latona (AF-35), a World War II US Navy stores ship
* Latona (ship), two merchant ships

## Places

* 639 Latona, an asteroid
* Latona, Illinois, United States, an unincorporated community
* Latona Township, Walsh County, North Dakota, United States
* Latona, an area that is now part of Northlake, Seattle, Washington, United States

## Other uses

* Latona Fountain, in the gardens of the Chateau of Versailles
* Amanda Latona, a member of the American girl group Innosense
* Tim Latona, a former member of the American metalcore band Botch
# Party of Regions (disambiguation)

Party of Regions was a Ukrainian political party.
Party of Regions may also refer to:
* Party of Regions (Polish), Polish political party
* Party of Regions of Moldova (Partidul Regiunilor din Moldova)
# Jyllinge

Jyllinge is a town located on the eastern shores of Roskilde Fjord, midway between Roskilde and Frederikssund, Roskilde Municipality, some 40 km west of Copenhagen, Denmark. The original fishing village is surrounded by large areas of Single-family detached homes. As of 1 January 2024, it had a population of 10,781.

## History

Jyllinge is first mentioned in 1171 as Iuleghe, possibly derived from Iula, meaning "the yellow', an old name for Lilleø, and from Old Danish eki, meaning "oak forest".
The village consisted of a mixture of fishermen and farmers. The fishing took place from small boats on the fiord and was mainly for eel. In 1861, the village had 28 fishermen and 21 boats. The first primitive harbor was constructed in 1870. It saw a modest expansion in 1906 and a boatyard opened in 1909. In 1926, a group of fishermen founded Jyllinge Fish Exports. A new harbor was constructed between 1956 and 1969.
The town has experienced considerable growth after World War II, prospering from its location near Roskilde and Copenhagen.

## Harbour

Only a single commercial fishing vessel continues to operate out of Jyllinge Harbour. A marina with room for 400 leisure crafts has been constructed to the south of the harbor. A smaller. privately owned marina is located on its north side.

## Churches

Jyllinge has two churches. The medieval Jyllinge Church built around 1100, making it one of the oldest in Denmark. The original Tomanesque church was expanded with the short tower and the porch during the Late Gothic period. The modern Church of the Holy Cross was completed in 2008 to a design by Jan Søndergaards of KHR Arkitekter. It is built in GRP composite.

## Other facilities

Jyllinge has two primary schools, Jyllinge School and Baunehøj School. Jyllingecentret is a small shopping centre.

## Notable people

* H. A. Brendekilde (1857 – 1942 in Jyllinge) was a Danish painter, initially social realist style, later more religious and eventually portraying idyllic village life
* Christine Antorini (born 1965 in Jyllinge) a Danish politician, former Minister of Education
* Mette Gjerskov (born 1966 in Jyllinge) a Danish politician, former Minister for Food, Agriculture and Fisheries
* Frank Hansen (born 1983 in Jyllinge) a retired Danish football defender, ca.400 club caps
* Mikkel Damsgaard (born 2000 in Jyllinge) a Danish football player, 77 caps with FC Nordsjælland
* Martin Smits (born 1994 in Jyllinge) a Danish karateka, representing the Danish National Karate Team
# Senator Gallup

Senator Gallup may refer to:
* David Gallup (1808–1882), Connecticut State Senate
* Harvey A. Gallup (1869–1946), Massachusetts State Senate
# Self-similar process

Self-similar processes are stochastic processes satisfying a mathematically precise version of the self-similarity property. Several related properties have this name, and some are defined here.
A self-similar phenomenon behaves the same when viewed at different degrees of magnification, or different scales on a dimension. Because stochastic processes are random variables with a time and a space component, their self-similarity properties are defined in terms of how a scaling in time relates to a scaling in space.

## Distributional self-similarity
### Definition

A continuous-time stochastic process $(X_{t})_{t\geq 0}$ is called self-similar with parameter $H>0$ if for all $a>0$, the processes $(X_{at})_{t\geq 0}$ and $(a^{H}X_{t})_{t\geq 0}$ have the same law.

### Examples

* The Wiener process (or Brownian motion) is self-similar with $H=1/2$.
* The fractional Brownian motion is a generalisation of Brownian motion that preserves self-similarity; it can be self-similar for any $H\in (0,1)$.
* The class of self-similar Lévy processes are called stable processes. They can be self-similar for any $H\in [1/2,\infty )$.

## Second-order self-similarity
### Definition

A wide-sense stationary process $(X_{n})_{n\geq 0}$ is called exactly second-order self-similar with parameter $H>0$ if the following hold:
    (i) $\mathrm {Var} (X^{(m)})=\mathrm {Var} (X)m^{2(H-1)}$, where for each $k\in \mathbb {N} _{0}$, $X_{k}^{(m)}={\frac {1}{m}}\sum _{i=1}^{m}X_{(k-1)m+i},$
    (ii) for all $m\in \mathbb {N} ^{+}$, the autocorrelation functions $r$ and $r^{(m)}$ of $X$ and $X^{(m)}$ are equal.
If instead of (ii), the weaker condition
    (iii) $r^{(m)}\to r$ pointwise as $m\to \infty$
holds, then $X$ is called asymptotically second-order self-similar.

### Connection to long-range dependence

In the case $1/2<H<1$, asymptotic self-similarity is equivalent to long-range dependence. Self-similar and long-range dependent characteristics in computer networks present a fundamentally different set of problems to people doing analysis and/or design of networks, and many of the previous assumptions upon which systems have been built are no longer valid in the presence of self-similarity.
Long-range dependence is closely connected to the theory of heavy-tailed distributions. A distribution is said to have a heavy tail if
    $\lim _{x\to \infty }e^{\lambda x}\Pr[X>x]=\infty \quad {\mbox{for all }}\lambda >0.\,$
One example of a heavy-tailed distribution is the Pareto distribution. Examples of processes that can be described using heavy-tailed distributions include traffic processes, such as packet inter-arrival times and burst lengths.

### Examples

* The Tweedie convergence theorem can be used to explain the origin of the variance to mean power law, 1/f noise and multifractality, features associated with self-similar processes.
* Ethernet traffic data is often self-similar. Empirical studies of measured traffic traces have led to the wide recognition of self-similarity in network traffic.
# Leptocyrtinus hebridarum

Leptocyrtinus hebridarum is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Stephan von Breuning in 1943. It is known from Vanuatu.
# 1931 Census

The 1931 Census or census of 1931 may refer to:
* 1931 Canadian census
* 1931 Cuba census
* 1931 census of India
* 1931 census of Palestine
* 1931 Polish census
* 1931 United Kingdom census
* Yugoslav census of 1931
** 1931 population census in Bosnia and Herzegovina
# Lawrence Harman King-Harman

Lawrence Harman King-Harman (born 1816 as "Lawrence Harman King") was the younger son of Robert King, 1st Viscount Lorton (heir to the estate of Rockingham, County Roscommon) and Lady Frances Harman (heir to the estate of Newcastle, Ballymahon, County Longford). While his elder brother, Robert King, would inherit the viscountcy and Rockingham in 1854, Lawrence inherited Newcastle - the largest landed estate in County Longford - from his maternal grandmother in 1838, aged just 22. He adopted the surname King-Harman at this time in recognition of his maternal ancestry. As a resident landlord, King-Harman enjoyed better relations with his tenantry than had his absentee grandmother. King-Harman was married to Mary Cecilia Johnstone of Stirling. He twice ran for election in the constituency of County Longford as a Conservative, but was unsuccessful on both occasions.
Upon his death in 1875 he was succeeded by his sons Colonel Edward Robert King-Harman, Colonel Wentworth Henry King-Harman and Sir Charles King-Harman. He was commemorated by the King-Harman Memorial Clock Tower in the village of Keenagh in 1878.