OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Lauterstein Castle (Marienberg)

Lauterstein Castle, in German Burg Lauterstein, also called Burgruine Niederlauterstein, is a medieval castle in Niederlauterstein, town of Marienberg, Erzgebirgskreis, Saxony. It has been a ruin since the Thirty Years' War.

## Geography

Lauterstein castle is situated on a gneiss rock at the eastern end of Niederlauterstein village, above the left bank of Schwarze Pockau river, approximately 2 km north-west of Zöblitz and 4.5 km north-east of Marienberg.

## History

Archeological investigations in the 1970s have shown that the castle was built in the second half of the 12th century. It was first mentioned in writing in 1304 when a document named a Johannis in Lutirstein of the ministerial family of Erdmannsdorf in the castle. The castle was mainly built from stone, hence probably the name ending in -stein. Its purpose was the protection of a medieval trade route between Leipzig and Prague across the Ore Mountains.
The family of Schellenberg became lords of Lauenstein in the early 14th century. They lost their influence in 1323 after they lost a feud with Altzella Abbey, and margrave Frederick the Brave enfeoffed the burgraves Albrecht IV von Altenburg und Otto I von Leisnig, who had helped to support him and the abbey, with Lauterstein castle and the town of Zcobelin (Zöblitz).
Kaspar von Berbisdorf from Freiberg, an owner of mines and metalworks in the Ore Mountains, bought the lordship of Lauterstein for 4000 guilders from burgrave Otto II of Leisnig and Altenburg in 1434. His descendants Bastian and Melchior divided the lordship and the castle in 1497 into Oberlauterstein and Niederlauterstein. A fire damaged the castle in 1530, but it was rebuilt within a few years. In 1559, Prince-elector Augustus forced the Berbisdorf family to sell castle and lordship Lauterstein for 107,784 guilders and installed the administration of a Saxon Amt in the castle.
According to local tradition, on 14. March 1639, three Swedish horsemen set fire to the castle. It was not rebuilt and has remained a ruin since then. The administrative seat of Amt Lauterstein moved to Marienberg and later to Olbernhau and Zöblitz.
The Marienberg-based manufacturer of model railway accessories Auhagen produces a model of the castle, based on a 1629 depiction by Dillich, in the approximate scale of 1:100.
* Lauterstein castle in 1629, after a drawing by Dillich
* Ruins of Lauterstein castle in 1839
# Peperomia blanda

Peperomia blanda, the arid-land peperomia, is a species of herb in the family Piperaceae. The species has a natural pan-tropical distribution that encompasses Asia, Africa, Australasia, Polynesia and the Americas. The species typically grows as a perennial, somewhat succulent herb to 30 cm in height, though the form varies from prostrate and creeping to up to 60 cm tall depending on the environment and genotype. The typical habitat is damp rock crevices and steep stream banks.
# 1994–95 Clydebank F.C. season

The 1994–95 season was Clydebank's twenty-ninth season in the Scottish Football League. They competed in the Scottish First Division and finished eighth They also competed in the Scottish League Cup, Scottish Challenge Cup and Scottish Cup.

## Results
### Division 1

| Round | Date | Opponent | H/A | Score |
| 1 | 13 August | Stranraer | H | 2–0 |
| 2 | 20 August | Dunfermline Athletic | H | 0–1 |
| 3 | 27 August | St Mirren | A | 1–2 |
| 4 | 3 September | Raith Rovers | A | 1–1 |
| 5 | 10 September | Dundee | H | 5–2 |
| 6 | 24 September | Airdrieonians | A | 0–2 |
| 7 | 1 October | St Johnstone | H | 0–0 |
| 8 | 8 October | Ayr United | H | 3–0 |
| 9 | 15 October | Hamilton Academical | A | 0–0 |
| 10 | 22 October | Stranraer | A | 1–0 |
| 11 | 29 October | St Mirren | H | 1–1 |
| 12 | 5 November | Dunfermline Athletic | A | 1–4 |
| 13 | 12 November | Dundee | A | 0–2 |
| 14 | 19 November | Raith Rovers | H | 0–3 |
| 15 | 26 November | Airdrieonians | H | 0–1 |
| 16 | 3 December | St Johnstone | A | 1–1 |
| 17 | 26 December | Ayr United | A | 1–1 |
| 18 | 31 December | Stranraer | H | 2–3 |
| 19 | 2 January | St Mirren | A | 0–0 |
| 20 | 7 January | Dunfermline Athletic | H | 1–2 |
| 21 | 10 January | Hamilton Academical | H | 0–0 |
| 22 | 14 January | Raith Rovers | A | 0–1 |
| 23 | 21 January | Dundee | H | 0–3 |
| 24 | 4 February | St Johnstone | H | 0–0 |
| 25 | 14 February | Airdrieonians | A | 2–1 |
| 26 | 25 February | Hamilton Academical | A | 1–0 |
| 27 | 11 March | Ayr United | H | 1–1 |
| 28 | 18 March | Dundee | A | 2–3 |
| 29 | 1 April | St Johnstone | A | 0–1 |
| 30 | 4 April | Raith Rovers | H | 1–2 |
| 31 | 11 April | Airdrieonians | H | 1–1 |
| 32 | 15 April | Ayr United | A | 0–1 |
| 33 | 22 April | Hamilton Academical | H | 1–4 |
| 34 | 29 April | Stranraer | A | 1–0 |
| 35 | 6 May | St Mirren | H | 2–1 |
| 36 | 13 May | Dunfermline Athletic | A | 1–2 |

#### Final League table

| Pos | Teamvte | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Promotion or relegation |
| 6 | Hamilton Academical | 36 | 14 | 7 | 15 | 42 | 48 | −6 | 49 | |
| 7 | St Mirren | 36 | 8 | 12 | 16 | 34 | 50 | −16 | 36 | |
| 8 | Clydebank | 36 | 8 | 11 | 17 | 33 | 47 | −14 | 35 | |
| 9 | Ayr United (R) | 36 | 6 | 11 | 19 | 31 | 58 | −27 | 29 | Relegation to the Second Division |
| 10 | Stranraer (R) | 36 | 4 | 5 | 27 | 25 | 81 | −56 | 17 | Relegation to the Second Division |

### Scottish League Cup

| Round | Date | Opponent | H/A | Score | Clydebank Scorer(s) | Attendance |
| R2 | 10 August | Motherwell | A | 1–3 | | |

### Scottish Challenge Cup

| Round | Date | Opponent | H/A | Score |
| R1 | 16 September | Queen's Park | A | 5–0 |
| R2 | 27 September | Alloa Athletic | A | 3–1 |
| QF | 5 October | Montrose | A | 2–1 |
| SF | 18 October | Airdrieonians | A | 0–3 |

### Scottish Cup

| Round | Date | Opponent | H/A | Score | Clydebank Scorer(s) | Attendance |
| R3 | 29 January | Heart of Midlothian | H | 1–1 | | |
| R3 R | 9 February | Heart of Midlothian | A | 1–2 | | |
# Páll Melsteð

Páll Melsteð may refer to:
* Páll Melsteð (amtmann) (1791–1861), Icelandic official and politician
* Páll Melsteð (historian) (1812–1910), Icelandic historian and son of the above
# Perittia morgana

Perittia morgana is a moth in the family Elachistidae. It was described by Lauri Kaila in 2000. It is found in Chile.
# Scottish Rite Masonic Center (San Francisco, California)

The Scottish Rite Masonic Center in San Francisco, California is the meeting hall of a local Valley (chapter) of the Scottish Rite, as well as several local Masonic lodges.
# Senator Neal

Senator Neal may refer to:
* Gerald Neal (born 1945), Kentucky State Senate
* Henry S. Neal (1828–1906), Ohio State Senate
* Joe Neal (politician) (born 1935), Nevada State Senate
* John R. Neal (1836–1889), Tennessee State Senate
* John Randolph Neal Jr. (1876–1959), Tennessee State Senate
* Margie Neal (1875–1971), Texas State Senate
* Pat Neal (born 1949), Florida State Senate
* Peter M. Neal (1811–1906), Massachusetts State Senate
# Overhand knot

The overhand knot is one of the most fundamental knots, and it forms the basis of many others, including the simple noose, overhand loop, angler's loop, reef knot, fisherman's knot, half hitch, and water knot. The overhand knot is a stopper, especially when used alone, and hence it is very secure, to the point of jamming badly. It should be used if the knot is intended to be permanent. It is often used to prevent the end of a rope from unraveling. An overhand knot becomes a trefoil knot, a true knot in the mathematical sense, by joining the ends. It can also be adjusted, faired, or mis-tied as a half hitch.
   46. The overhand is the simplest of the single-strand stopper knots, and is tied with one end around its own standing part, its purpose being to prevent unreeving. 47. The half knot is a binding knot, being the first movement of the reef or square knot. It is tied with two ends around an object and is used when reefing, furling, and tying up parcels, shoestrings, and the like. 48. The half hitch is tied with one end of a rope which is passed around an object and secured to its own standing part with a single hitch.

## Tying

There are a number of ways to tie the Overhand knot.
* Thumb method – create a loop and push the working end through the loop with your thumb.
* Overhand method – create a bight, by twisting the hand over at the wrist and sticking your hand in the hole, pinch the working end with your fingers and pull through the loop.

## Heraldry

In heraldry, the overhand knot is known as a "Stafford knot", owing to a representation of it being used first as a heraldic badge by the Earls of Stafford, and later as a general symbol of Staffordshire.

## In nature

As a defensive measure, hagfishes, which resemble eels, produce large volumes of thick slime when disturbed. A hagfish can dislodge large quantities of slime on its skin, which it uses to evade predation, by tying its own body into an overhand knot, then sliding the knot from its head down to the tail. This action scrapes the slime off the fish's body. Hagfish also tie their bodies into overhand knots in order to create leverage to rip off chunks of their prey's flesh, but do so "in reverse" (starting at the tail, and sliding the knot towards the head for mechanical advantage).

## Knot theory

If the two loose ends of an overhand knot are joined together (without creating additional crossings), this becomes equivalent to the trefoil knot of mathematical knot theory.

## In paper-folding

If a flat ribbon or strip is tightly folded into a flattened overhand knot, it assumes a regular pentagonal shape.
# Rue de Provence

The Rue de Provence is a street in the 8th and 9th arrondissements of Paris. It begins at the Rue du Faubourg Montmartre and ends at the Rue de Rome. Only the short part of the street between the Rue du Havre and the Rue de Rome is in the 8th arrondissement.

## History

Where the road is now, there used to be a little river called the "Ruisseau de Menilmontant" (Menilmontant brook). With the Parisian population increasing, this little river became the two-metre wide "Grand Egout" (great sewer) in the 17th century.
Letters patent on December 15, 1770 allowed the banker Jean-Joseph de Laborde to create the Rue de Provence; which would cover the "Grand Egout". The width of the road was set at 30 feet, confirmed by two ministry decisions on March 20, 1813 and May 21, 1823.
While "Provence" is the name of a region in the south-east of France, the street is actually named in honor of Louis-Stanislas-Xavier, comte de Provence, king of France from 1814 to 1824 under the name of Louis XVIII.
In 1884, the Rue de Provence absorbed the Rue Saint-Nicolas-d'Antin, which extended it further west.
| ___ | Located near the Métro stations: Le Peletier, Havre - Caumartin and Trinité - d'Estienne d'Orves. |

## Notable places

* No. 22 (corner of the Rue Chauchat): 18th-century mansion transformed by Samuel Bing into an Art Nouveau exposition building in 1895. Sold in 1904 to the ébénist Louis Majorelle as an exposition room. Now a post office, keeping the exterior decoration.
* No. 32: Rare example of a building built in the late 1790s.
* No. 34: The door is the only remainder of the Hôtel Thellusson, built in 1778 by Claude-Nicolas Ledoux for the widow of Swiss banker Georges-Tobie de Thellusson [fr]. The opening of the hôtel on the Rue de Provence was a huge triumphal arch. The hôtel was destroyed in 1826 when the Rue Laffitte was lengthened.
* No. 122: location of one of the most famous former lupanars, the One-two-two.
* No. 126: Building built in 1911 by Henri Sauvage and Charles Sarrazin for the French decorator Louis Majorelle.
# Jungle Raiders

Jungle Raiders may refer to:
* Jungle Raiders (serial), a 1945 serial film
* Jungle Raiders (1985 film), a 1985 film by Antonio Margheriti
# Langton by Spilsby

Langton by Spilsby, sometimes called Langton by Partney, is a village and civil parish in the East Lindsey district of Lincolnshire, England. It is situated approximately 4 miles (6 km) north from the town of Spilsby, Lincolnshire. The civil parish includes the hamlet of Sutterby. From the 2011 census the population is included in the civil parish of Sausthorpe.

## History

In 1885 Kelly's Directory described Langton by Spilsby as "a village and parish situated in a picturesque valley", and having an 1881 population of 219. Three burial barrows and human bones were discovered close to the village at Spellow Hills. The then existing Langton Hall is described as a "noble structure" of brick and stone in Elizabethan style. It lay at the north of the village overlooking "picturesque country", sheltered to the north by "beautiful woods". Parish soil is noted to be sandy, with loam and chalk on the high ground. Crops grown in the 1,287 acres (5 km$^2$) parish were chiefly wheat, barley, oats, turnips, and seeds. A National School had been erected in 1849 – it held 60 children, and had an average attendance of 30. Commercial occupations noted were five farmers, a blacksmith, shoe maker, wheelwright, a publican at the Langton Arms public house, and a shopkeeper & carrier.
Langton Hall was destroyed by fire in 1405 and rebuilt in the 1550s. The Elizabethan manor lasted until about 1817 when it too was destroyed by fire. Bennet Rothes Langton erected the last Langton Hall to the designs of James Fowler, with grounds by Veitch and Son. in 1866–67, built of brick with stone dressings in the Elizabethan style. It was demolished about 1960.
Bennet Langton (c. 1736 - 1801) of Langton Hall was a writer, scholar, and friend of Samuel Johnson.

## Landmarks

The parish church is a Grade I listed building, and is dedicated to St Peter and St Paul and was built in 1725 of red brick after the previous church of St Peter burnt down.
The Old Rectory, a Grade II listed mid-18th-century red-brick house, with 19th-century additions, lies 87 yards (80 m) north from the church.
To the east of the church is The Round House, a Grade II listed cottage ornée built of whitewashed mud and stud, and thatched, dating from the early 19th century, English Heritage defines cottage ornee as "a rustic building of picturesque design".
At the north-east of the village is The Old Inn, also Grade II listed, which dates from the early 19th century, and is of whitewashed red brick. Formerly a public house it is now a private cottage.

## Community

Much of the land is owned by the Langton Estate, the family having owned the place which bears their name since the time of Henry II.
The ecclesiastical parish is Langton with Sutterby, a member of the Partney Group of parishes, within the Deanery of Bolingbroke. The incumbent is the Revd Richard Benson.
The parish church is credited with being the building described by John Betjeman in A Lincolnshire Tale.
# Scopula lugubriata

Scopula lugubriata is a moth of the family Geometridae. It was described by David Stephen Fletcher in 1958. It is found in the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Uganda.
This species, like others in the Geometridae family, is an essential part of its ecosystem, contributing to the biodiversity and ecological balance. The habitats of Scopula lugubriata often include forested areas and grasslands, where they play roles in pollination and serve as indicators of environmental health. The species' adaptation to these regions highlights the rich and varied Lepidoptera fauna of Central Africa.
# José Castañón

José-Antonio Castañón is a Spanish former professional tennis player.
Castañón competed on the professional tour in the 1970s, reaching a career high singles ranking of 147 in the world. He made his grand slam main draw debut in the mixed doubles at the 1973 Wimbledon Championships and also featured at the 1975 French Open, in the men's singles and doubles main draws.
# Peter Lawrence (teacher)

Peter Stafford Hayden Lawrence (9 February 1913 – 18 March 2005) was a master at Eton College and The Doon School, India and an author. He was, until his death, the last surviving master at Eton to have served in the Second World War.
Lawrence was born on 9 February 1913, the son of Aubrey Trevor Lawrence KC, MBE and his wife Constance Emily Fanning. He was the grandson of Sir Trevor Lawrence, 2nd Baronet and was, until his death, heir to that title. He was educated at Eton, where his godfather, Cyril Alington, had recently been appointed head master, and at Christ Church, Oxford, his father's college, where he read science and mathematics.
During his time at Oxford he returned to Eton several times as a stopgap teacher. After university he taught for a while at The Doon School in India before returning to become a full-time assistant master at Eton. He later became a house master. Through his Indian connections he came to have the late Birendra of Nepal in his house. He was eventually rewarded with the Order of the White Elephant, First Class, for his work with the Nepalese Crown Prince.
In August 1940, Lawrence married Helena Frances Lyttelton, the daughter of G. W. Lyttelton (see Viscount Cobham) and Pamela Marie Adeane, herself daughter of Charles Adeane. With her he had two sons and four daughters.
During the Second World War he served in the Royal Navy Volunteer Reserve. Lawrence saw service as a radar officer in the North Atlantic and the Mediterranean. He was mentioned in dispatches following night patrols in the English Channel before D-Day and was demobilised as a Lieutenant Commander (Special Branch).
In 1977 Lawrence retired to Great Milton, Oxfordshire. He was the author of two volumes of photography of Eton (An Eton Camera) and edited many others (including The Encouragement of Learning, an anthology of articles and extracts from many sources covering most aspects of Eton life to the end of the Victorian Age, and Grizel Hartley Remembered, a collection of letters and memories of a unique Eton character). He founded the Museum of Eton Life, and also wrote obituaries of Eton masters for the Daily Telegraph.
# Overhand

Overhand may refer to:
* Overhand (boxing), a looping punch
* Overhand knot
* Overhand throwing motion
* Overhand grip
# 1950 Nicaraguan general election

General elections were held in Nicaragua to elect a president and National Congress of Nicaragua on 21 May 1950.
In April, Anastasio Somoza García and Emiliano Chamorro Vargas sat down and signed the Pacto de los Generales, thus laying the basis for a new political coalition. Once the agreement was signed, the Congress formally proceeded to set the date and the procedure of the upcoming election. Sixty deputies to a Constituent Assembly would be elected, with forty seats going to the majority party and seventeen to the minority party, plus three that would include the defeated presidential candidate and the two living, popularly elected ex-presidents (Anastasio Somoza García and Emiliano Chamorro Vargas). "Only the Liberals and the Conservatives could participate because the constitutional procedure for registering new parties would be held in abeyance."
The Conservative leadership at no time threatened to withdraw from the race and the election was held as scheduled on 21 May. The results of the election proved a disaster for the Conservatives, who received less than one-quarter of all the votes and won a bare outright majority only in Granada.

## Results

| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | Seats | Seats |
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | Chamber | Senate |
| | Nationalist Liberal Party | Anastasio Somoza García | 153,297 | 75.63 | 28 | 12 |
| | Conservative Party | Emiliano Chamorro Benard | 49,401 | 24.37 | 14 | 3 |
| Special seats | Special seats | Special seats | | | 0 | 3 |
| Total | Total | Total | 202,698 | 100.00 | 42 | 18 |
| Source: Nohlen |||||||
* ↑ Two former presidents as life members and the defeated presidential candidate. All were members of the Conservative Party.
# Osbornite

Osbornite is a naturally occurring variety of titanium nitride. It was first discovered in the Bustee meteorite in the late nineteenth century. Its crystals are golden-yellow octahedrons, combined with oldhamite. It is friable and does not dissolve in acids.
Osbornite is usually found only in meteorites, but osbornite of terrestrial origin has been found in one location in the continental collision zone of Tibet. Osbornite requires extraordinarily low redox potential and very high temperatures (2500–3000 K) to form.
# Peter F. Drucker and Masatoshi Ito Graduate School of Management

The Peter F. Drucker and Masatoshi Ito Graduate School of Management, or more commonly, the Drucker School of Management, is the business school of Claremont Graduate University, which is a member of the Claremont Colleges. The school is named in honor of Peter Drucker, who taught management at the school for over 30 years.

## History

In 1971, Peter Drucker left New York University and settled in California, where he developed the MBA program for working professionals at Claremont Graduate School, now Claremont Graduate University or CGU. The university first opened its doors in 1925 and is the oldest all-graduate institution in the United States, with many notable alumni in different fields all over the world. The university established the Peter F. Drucker Graduate Management Center in his honor in 1987 (a decade later it would change from a management center to a management school). He taught his last class at the school in the spring of 2002.
Masatoshi Ito provided an initial $3 million gift to help build the school's current home and a subsequent $20 Million gift to assist the School with its future strategic plans. In January 2004, Ito's name was added to the school's name, becoming the Peter F. Drucker and Masatoshi Ito Graduate School of Management.
The school adheres to Drucker's philosophy that management is a liberal art, taking into account not only economics, but also an ethical, holistic dimension that includes history, social theory, law, and the sciences.

## Campus

The Drucker School of Management is located in Claremont, California in Los Angeles County. The Ron W. Burkle Family Building is home to both the Drucker School and the Drucker Institute.

## Academics
### International links

The Drucker School's relationships with international universities allow it to offer immersive global exchange programs with Hitotsubashi University in Japan, University of St. Gallen in Switzerland, Inha University in South Korea, and Rotterdam School of Management, Erasmus University at Erasmus University Rotterdam in the Netherlands.

### Rankings

Financial engineering, which is a joint program shared by the Drucker School and the university's Institute of Mathematical Sciences, rose to No. 22—its highest position in more than five years—on QuantNet's 2021 ranking of the nation's best financial engineering programs.
The Drucker School is ranked #73 in part-time MBA programs, according to U.S. News & World Report's 2021 rankings.

## People

Alumni of the school include Rajiv Dutta (deceased) Chief Financial Officer, eBay and President, Skype, and Tawni Cranz, former Chief Talent Officer at Netflix, Inc.
# Langtry

Langtry may refer to:
* Langtry (surname)
* Langtry, Texas, a town
* Langtry, a crater on Venus
# José Batlle y Ordóñez, Uruguay

José Batlle y Ordóñez is a small town in the northwest of Lavalleja Department in Uruguay.

## Geography

The town is located on the junction of Route 7 with Route 14, about 24 kilometres (15 mi) west of Zapicán and on the border of Florida Department. It is in close proximity to Nico Pérez, separated from it partly by Route 7 and partly by the railroad tracks. The two parts are joined by a bridge passing over the tracks.

## History

A populated centre was founded here on 9 December 1883. The initial (common) village was named "Nico Pérez" and recognized as such by decree of 10 April 1896. On 19 March 1907 it was renamed to "José Batlle y Ordóñez" by decree Ley Nº 3.148. The part of the village that is in the Florida Department kept the original name.

## Population

In 2011 José Batlle y Ordóñez had a population of 2,203.
| Year | Population |
| 1908 | 5,968 |
| 1963 | 2,738 |
| 1975 | 2,074 |
| 1985 | 2,448 |
| 1996 | 2,298 |
| 2004 | 2,424 |
| 2011 | 2,203 |
Source: Instituto Nacional de Estadística de Uruguay

## Places of worship

* St. Nicholas of Bari Parish Church (Roman Catholic)