OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Hornavan

Hornavan is a lake in northern Sweden. Located in Arjeplog Municipality in the province of Swedish Lapland, administratively known as Norrbotten County, it is the deepest lake in Sweden at 221 metres (725 ft). Being a high mountain lake downstream from the source of the Skellefte River, the deepest point of the lake basin is still located 204 metres (669 ft) above sea level. Due to the cold subarctic climate of the area, it always freezes over for several months of the year in spite of its depth.

## Geography

It is situated in the Scandinavian mountain range, at a height of 425 metres (1,394 ft). The town of Arjeplog is located on its south-western shore. The lake then extends 70 km (43 mi) northwest up to the town of Jäckvik, containing about 400 islets, many of which have distinguishable flora and fauna. Research on the ecosystems comparing the larger islands with smaller islets in Hornavan and Uddjaur are popular due to their unpolluted environment, and have yielded rewarding results. In June 2005 an international study was published in Nature entitled Effects of species and functional group loss on island ecosystem properties.
On its southern end, the lake attaches with the lake Uddjaure.
The surface area fluctuates between 220 and 283 km$^2$ (85 and 109 sq mi), but some sources give it as constant 251 km$^2$ (97 sq mi); in any case, it is the eighth largest lake in Sweden. With a largest depth of 221 metres (725 ft) it is also the deepest.
The lake has been cultivated for water power. Hornavan, like all lakes in Arjeplog Municipality, has drinkable water.

## Fishing

Hornavan has 5 native species of whitefish: Coregonus pallasii, Coregonus megalops, Coregonus maxillaris, Coregonus nelssonii and Coregonus widegreni (the latter known under the name Valaam), with a sixth, Coregonus maraena, introduced in the 1940s. Trolling for trout in the lake is also popular.

## Sources

* (in Swedish) Allmänt om Arjeplog Arjeplog Official Site
# Jean-François Eugène Robinet

Jean-François Eugène Robinet (24 April 1825, in Vic-sur-Seille – 3 November 1899, in Paris), was a French psychiatrist and historian who advocated the positivism of Auguste Comte. He was curator at the Carnavalet Museum and mayor of the 6th arrondissement of Paris.

## Selected Works

Source:
* Notice sur l’œuvre et la vie d’Auguste Comte, (1860) Paris: Dunod
* La Révolution française : Danton. Mémoire sur sa vie privée (1865) Paris: Chamerot et Lauwereyns
* Le procès des Dantonistes (1879) Paris: E. Leroux
* Danton Homme d’État (1889) Paris: Charavay Frères
# Jean-François Fortin

Jean-François Fortin may refer to:
* Jean-François Fortin (ice hockey) (born 1979), Canadian ice hockey player
* Jean-François Fortin (chairman) (born 1947), French businessman
* Jean-François Fortin (politician) (born 1973), Canadian politician
# Jean-François Fieuzal

Jean-François Fieuzal or Fieusacq (end of the 1710s - 16 February 1769, Brussels), stage name Durancy was a French actor-director and part of Charles Simon Favart’s acting troupe. He headed the Théâtre de la Monnaie in Brussels from 1 April 1752 until 15 March 1755. Afterwards, he was an actor in Bordeaux for some time. He made his debut at the Comédie-Française on 7 November 1759. Durancy married mademoiselle Darimath, with whom he conceived two daughters. The youngest of the two, Claire-Eulalie, was an actress in Brussels, while the oldest one, Céleste, acted for a long time at the Comédie-Française and the Opéra de Paris.
# R. B. Lenora

Robolage Barnes Lenora (30 June 1906–?) was a Ceylonese physician and politician. He served as Principle of the Institute of Indigenous Medicine from 1952 to 1965. He was elected from the Borella electorate from the United National Party to the House of Representatives defeating Dr Danister de Silva in the 1960 March general elections, but was defeated by Dr Danister de Silva in the 1960 July general elections. He contested the seat again in 1964 in a by election, but was defeated by Vivienne Goonewardena Later he was appointed to the Senate of Ceylon, where he presented the bill incorporating the Ceylon College of Physicians.
# Horst Kleinert

Horst Kleinert is a retired East German slalom canoeist who competed from the mid-1950s to the early 1960s. He won eight medals at the ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships with four golds (C-2: 1957, 1959; C-2 team: 1959, 1961), two silvers (C-2: 1955, C-2 team: 1955) and a bronze (C-2: 1961, C-2 team: 1957).
# Hotbed

A hotbed is a biological term for an area of decaying organic matter that is warmer than its surroundings. The heat gradient is generated by the decomposition of organic substituent within the pile by microorganism metabolization.
A hotbed covered with a small glass cover (also called a hotbox) is used as a small version of a hothouse (heated greenhouse or cold frame). Oftentimes, this bed is made of manure from animals such as horses, which pass undigested plant cellulose in their droppings, creating a good environment for microorganisms to come and break down the cellulose and create a hotbed. (The digestive systems of ruminants such as cattle and sheep destroy and use all cellulose in their food, and their droppings remain cold and do not heat up.)
Hotbeds employed in gardens are generally simple in application. Experimental research from Neugebauer (2018) concluded that other forms of organic waste, such as compost, can be used in place of manure in hotbeds, providing not only means of promoting plant growth, but also an ecologically friendly way to dispose of waste. Data from this study does suggest that the amount of heat released by hotbeds does decrease after some time, however. Additionally, although not experimentally supported, the article from Neugebauer (2018) provides an idea that perhaps the carbon dioxide released from the hotbed is taken up by the plants, further improving the rate at which the plants grow.
Some egg-laying animals, such as the brush turkey, make or use hotbeds to incubate their eggs.
By extension, the term hotbed is used metaphorically to describe an environment that is ideal for the growth or development of something, especially of something undesirable.
# Jean-Louis Masson

Jean-Louis Masson may refer to:
* Jean-Louis Masson (politician, 1947)
* Jean-Louis Masson (politician, 1954)
# Hoshino Library

The Hoshino Library (星野文庫, Hoshino bunko) was a collection of about 10,000 books that were destroyed in the 1923 Great Kantō earthquake and following fires in Japan. The books were the former possessions of Hoshino Hisashi before becoming part of the library of Tokyo University and were mainly about Chinese philosophy and history.
# R48

R48 may refer to:

## Roads

* R48 expressway (Czech Republic), now the D48 motorway
* R48 (South Africa)

## Other uses

* HMS Wrangler (R48), a destroyer of the Royal Navy
* R48: Danger of serious damage to health by prolonged exposure, a risk phrase
# Ruth Duskin Feldman

Ruth Duskin Feldman (née Ruth Sondra Duskin, June 13, 1934 – May 18, 2015) was a Quiz Kid, author and editor. She was a regular panelist on the Quiz Kids radio show from age 7 until age 16. She wrote and edited several books, including one about her experience on the show.

## Childhood

Ruth could read chemistry books by age 5, and write poetry by age 7. In 1941, at age 7, she joined the Quiz Kids, a quiz radio show featuring gifted child panelists. Her cute appearance and strong command of literature and chemistry made her a favorite among the show's audience. She appeared in 146 episodes of the radio show, and 11 of the television version.
At age 13, she wrote her first book, a novel about chemistry entitled Chemi, the Magician (Dodd, Mead, and Company, 1947). She attended the Chicago Lab School as a teenager, gradually reducing her investment in the Quiz Kids. She left the show at age 16 and attended Northwestern University while continuing to be a panelist on radio and TV shows.

## Later life

Later in life, she published a book, Whatever Happened to the Quiz Kids? Perils and Profits of Growing Up Gifted, about her and her fellow Quiz Kids' experiences during and after the show. She also coauthored two textbooks on human development and child development, Human Development and A Child’s World: Infancy Through Adolescence, worked for Lerner Newspapers, and edited the journal of the Society for Humanistic Judaism.
She died in 2015.
# Jean-Rémy Bessieux

Jean-Rémy Bessieux (24 December 1803 – 30 April 1876), also seen as Jean-Rémi or Jean René, was the founder of the Roman Catholic mission in Gabon and the first bishop to serve there.
Born in Vélieux in Montpellier, France, Bessieux had been a parish priest and seminary teacher when he entered the Holy Heart of Mary Congregation in August 1842. (The group had been founded to evangelize the black races, and would merge with the Holy Ghost Fathers in 1848.)
Travelling with Brother Grégoire Say, Bessieux arrived in Gabon September 1844, and settled at Okolo, a village in the Agekaza-Quaben clan's area, not far from the French fort. Bessieux learned Mpongwe, and published a grammar of it in 1847. He also established a school for boys, a church, and arranged the 1849 arrival of the Immaculate Conception Sisters of Castres.
Elevated to bishop in December 1848, his efforts in the 1850s to establish additional outposts in the Gabon Estuary were not successful. Even so, he continued in Gabon until his death in 1876, sometimes without official support, and with only occasional brief visits to Europe to recover his health. Gardinier observes that Bessieux's determination to stay in Gabon probably influenced the French government's decision to maintain their base.
Bessieux was remembered on the 100th anniversary of his death by a postage stamp of Gabon.
# Jijel Arabic

Jijeli, or Jijel Arabic, is a variety of Arabic spoken specifically in the Jijel Province in northeastern Algeria, but traces of it reach parts of the neighboring Skikda and Mila Provinces. It is quite different from all the other Arabic dialects spoken in eastern Algeria and has probably survived into present times because of the geographic enclavement of that mountainous area and the difficulty of terrestrial connections with the rest of the country for centuries.
Jijel is a relic of the Pre-Hilalian Arabic dialects (resulting from the Muslim conquest of the Maghreb in the 7th and 8th centuries) once spoken over all of Constantine, Algeria but later mixed with Bedouin Hilalian dialects brought by the invasion of the Banu Hilal in the 11th century.
Pre-Hilalian Arabic dialects remained intact only in a small area around Jijel while they were heavily mixed with bedouin dialects in the areas of Constantine, Mila, Collo and El Milia. Pre-Hilalian dialects also remain in the urban areas of Fez, Rabat, Tlemcen, Constantine and Tunis. Tlemcen Arabic and Jijel Arabic remain very close.
# Jelka (given name)

Jelka is a feminine given name that may refer to the following notable people:
* Jelka Glumičić (born 1941), Croatian human rights activist
* Jelka Godec Schmidt (born 1958), Slovene illustrator and writer of children's books
* Jelka Reichman (born 1939), Slovene painter and illustrator
* Jelka Rosen (1868–1935), German painter
* Jelka van Houten (born 1978), Dutch actress
# Isabel Johnston

Isabel Johnston (1898–1981) was an American screenwriter active during Hollywood's silent era. She also worked as a journalist and writer of short stories.

## Biography

Johnston was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, the daughter of Isabel McElheny and John Parry Johnson. Her work is often confused with that of her mother's, as her mother—a journalist—also wrote a few scenarios and was credited under her married name, Isabel M. Johnston. Her older sister, Agnes Christine, was a screenwriter in Hollywood.
As a teenager she began reading scripts for Vitagraph, and after graduating from Vassar in 1919, she returned to the film industry to write a string of films between 1920 and 1923. In 1921, she was added to the scenario staff at Goldwyn.
After working in Hollywood, she moved back to London for a few years to work with producers over there. She'd later follow in her mother's footsteps and become a journalist, working for papers in New York and Los Angeles, in addition to Liberty Magazine. She'd also write short stories for several decades.
Johnston, who never married, died in New York in 1981.

## Selected filmography

* Swords and the Woman (1923)
* Heroes of the Street (1922)
* Nineteen and Phyllis (1920)
* Peaceful Valley (1920)
* 45 Minutes from Broadway (1920)
* Love's Harvest (1920)
* Molly and I (1920)
* A Woman Who Understood (1920)
* Her Elephant Man (1920)
# R687 road (Ireland)

The R687 road is a regional road in County Tipperary, Ireland. The route runs from its junction with the R639 at New Inn for approximately 10 km (6 mi) until it meets the N24 in the townland of Rathkeevin, west of Clonmel.
# Synersaga kuni

Synersaga kuni is a moth in the family Lecithoceridae. It is found in Vietnam.
# John Leland

John Leland may refer to:
* John Leland (antiquary) (c. 1503–1552), English antiquary
* John Leland (Baptist) (1754–1841), United States Baptist minister
* John Leland (journalist) (born 1959), New York Times reporter, columnist, and book author
* John Leland (politician) (died 1808), British Army general and English Member of Parliament for Stamford, 1796–1808
* John Leland (Presbyterian) (1691–1766), English Presbyterian minister
* John E. Leland, American engineer and Director of the University of Dayton Research Institute
# John Leith

John Leith may refer to:
* John Farley Leith (1808–1887), Member of Parliament for Aberdeen
* John H. Leith (1919–2002), theologian
* John Leith (cricketer) (1857–1928), New Zealand cricketer
* Jack Leith (1872–1935), Australian rules footballer
# Carnegie Museum

Carnegie Museum may refer to:
* Carnegie Museum of the Keweenaw, museum located in Michigan
* Carnegie Museum of Montgomery County, museum located in Indiana
* Carnegie Museums of Pittsburgh, a group of four museums in Pittsburgh, PA, including:
** Carnegie Museum of Art
** Carnegie Museum of Natural History
** Carnegie Science Center
** Andy Warhol Museum
# Galium hallii

Galium hallii (Hall's bedstraw) is a species of plants in the family Rubiaceae. It is known only from southern California: (Inyo, San Bernardino, Kern, Los Angeles, Ventura, Santa Barbara and Tulare Counties). It is dioecious, with male and female flowers on separate plants.
# Galium humifusum

Galium humifusum, the spreading bedstraw, is a plant species in the Rubiaceae. Its native range stretches from the Black Sea region (Greece, Turkey, Bulgaria, Romania, Ukraine, Belarus, Russia, Caucasus) to Iran, Central Asia, Pakistan, Xinjiang, Mongolia and a few smaller countries. The species has also been regarded as a waif in the wild in Washington state in the United States.
# Caroline Schaefer

Caroline Veronica Schaefer (born 16 April 1947) is an Australian politician, and a Liberal Party member of the South Australian Legislative Council from 1993 to 2010.
Community activities involve Australian Women in Agriculture, Board Member; Leader, SA Trade Delegation to Hofex '97 and '99, Hong Kong; Leader, SA Delegation to Women in Agriculture Conference in USA 1998; Registered Show Jumping Judge; Former Councillor, Kimba Catholic Church; Member, Isolated Children and Parents Association; Kimba District Councillor 1989–93; Kimba District Hospital Board of Management 1983–93; Patron, Rural SA Network; Patron, Women's Fishing Network; State Councillor, Liberal Party of Australia (SA Branch); Member, Liberal Party Rural and Regional Council Executive
Schaefer has held many positions in previous governments and committees, most notably Government Whip in the Legislative Council from 1996 to 2001 and Minister for Primary Industries from December 2001 to March 2002.
Schaefer retired at the 2010 state election.
# Galasa dubitalis

Galasa dubitalis is a species of snout moth in the genus Galasa. It was described by Harrison Gray Dyar Jr. in 1914, and is known from Panama.
# Galasa belliculalis

Galasa belliculalis is a species of snout moth in the genus Galasa. It was described by Harrison Gray Dyar Jr. in 1914, and is known from Panama.
# 1984–85 Eredivisie (ice hockey) season

The 1984–85 Eredivisie season was the 25th season of the Eredivisie, the top level of ice hockey in the Netherlands. Ten teams participated in the league, and the Amstel Tijgers Amsterdam won the championship.

## First round

| | Club | GP | W | T | L | GF | GA | Pts |
| 1. | Amstel Tijgers Amsterdam | 36 | 28 | 2 | 6 | 275 | 99 | 58 |
| 2. | Heerenveen Flyers | 36 | 28 | 1 | 7 | 265 | 132 | 57 |
| 3. | Nijmegen Tigers | 36 | 27 | 1 | 8 | 281 | 129 | 55 |
| 4. | G.IJ.S. Groningen | 36 | 27 | 1 | 8 | 289 | 136 | 55 |
| 5. | Tilburg Trappers | 36 | 15 | 3 | 18 | 201 | 175 | 33 |
| 6. | S.IJ. Den Bosch | 36 | 13 | 3 | 20 | 180 | 170 | 29 |
| 7. | Eindhoven Kemphanen | 36 | 13 | 1 | 22 | 177 | 201 | 27 |
| 8. | H.H.IJ.C. Den Haag | 36 | 11 | 2 | 23 | 171 | 236 | 24 |
| 9. | Eaters Geleen | 36 | 11 | 0 | 25 | 190 | 253 | 22 |
| 10. | Utrecht Rheem Racers | 36 | 0 | 0 | 36 | 100 | 598 | 0 |

## Final round

| | Club | GP | W | T | L | GF | GA | Pts |
| 1. | Amstel Tijgers Amsterdam | 6 | 4 | 0 | 2 | 23 | 17 | 8 |
| 2. | Nijmegen Tigers | 6 | 3 | 0 | 3 | 25 | 24 | 6 |
| 3. | G.IJ.S. Groningen | 6 | 3 | 0 | 3 | 24 | 27 | 6 |
| 4. | Heerenveen Flyers | 6 | 2 | 0 | 4 | 27 | 31 | 4 |
# 1981 Volvo Masters

The 1981 Masters (also known as the 1981 Volvo Masters for sponsorship reasons) was a men's tennis tournament played on indoor carpet courts in Madison Square Garden, New York City, United States from January 13 through January 17, 1982. It was the year-end championship of the 1981 Volvo Grand Prix tour. Ivan Lendl won the singles title.

## Finals
### Singles

Ivan Lendl defeated Vitas Gerulaitis, 6–7$^{(5–7)}$, 2–6, 7–6$^{(8–6)}$, 6–2, 6–4.

### Doubles

Peter Fleming and John McEnroe defeated Kevin Curren and Steve Denton 6–3, 6–3.
# Arasawa No. 1 Dam

Arasawa No. 1 Dam (Japanese: 荒沢１号ダム) is a rockfill dam located in Iwate Prefecture in Japan. The dam is used for flood control. The catchment area of the dam is 19 km$^2$. The dam impounds about 16 ha of land when full and can store 2139 thousand cubic meters of water. The construction of the dam was completed in 1972.
# John Pickel

John Pickel (before 1814 – 1860 or later) was a lawyer and political figure in Lower Canada. He represented William-Henry in the Legislative Assembly of Lower Canada from 1834 until the suspension of the constitution in 1838.
He was the son of John Pickel, a Montreal merchant of German descent. Pickel was called to the bar in 1830 and practised in Montreal until 1848 when he moved his practice to Quebec City. In 1838, he married Georgianna Maria Pozer, the niece of Jacob Pozer.
# Ar Riyan

Ar Riyan is a village in eastern Yemen. It is located in the Hadhramaut Governorate.
The Shuhayr village and the Riyan Airport are located nearby.
# Ar Rukayb

Ar Rukayb is a village in eastern Yemen. It is located in the Hadhramaut Governorate.
# Ar Rudaymah

Ar Rudaymah is a village in Makkah Province, in western Saudi Arabia.
# Arboshiki

Arboshiki (Georgian: არბოშიკი) is a village in Dedoplistsqaro Municipality, Kakheti region, Georgia. It is located 23 km of Dedoplistsqaro, at an altitude of about 600 m. The population was 1,138 inhabitants in 2014. There are many architectural and archaeological monument. Agriculture is the main part of Arboshiki's economy. The village is also popular place among archaeologists.
# Arachthos Festival

Arachthos Festival is an annual three-day festival that takes place in early July in Ioannina, Epirus, on the banks of the Arachthos river.
# Aracil

Aracil is a Spanish surname of Navarran origin. Notable people with the surname include:
* Miguel Aracil (born 1957), Spanish footballer
* Alejandro Pérez Aracil (born 1985), Spanish footballer
* Miguel Alfonso Pérez Aracil (born 1980), Spanish footballer
# Gambalang

The Gambalang are an indigenous Australian people of the Northern Territory.

## Language

Though many speakers now use Bininj Kunwok in their daily lives, their ancestral language Gambalang belongs to the Gunwinggic branch of the non-Pama-Nyungan Macro-Gunwinyguan languages. The language is at risk of extinction, with only 40 surviving speakers, its grammar has been described recently by Ivan Kapitonov.

## Country

Norman Tindale estimated their tribal territory as covering some 600 square miles (1,600 km$^2$) on the coast between Hawkesbury Point and Junction Bay. Their inland extension ran to about 25 miles (40 km) as far as Table Hill. To their east across the estuary opening into the Arafura Sea were the Gunavidji, the Gungorogone lay southeast, while the Kunwinjku were to their immediate south, on the west bank of the Liverpool River.

## Notable people

* Xavier Clarke, Australian rules footballer

## Alternative names

* Gunbalang
* Gunbulan
* Walang
# Gaman Palem

Gaman Palem an Indian comic book illustrator. He has illustrated more than 100 Indian children's comics, working mainly on mythological subjects.
Dr. Gaman Palem a Ph.D. in the field of journalism and mass communication, an entrepreneur, media scholar and an artist who uses the graphic novel format as a medium to express his ideas. With his understanding of Indian mythology as well as its regional versions and interpretations, Gaman Palem has created a series of works that blend the mythical characters to contemporary contexts. A specialist in contemporary communication methods and visual communication he has a solid background in the areas of mass communication, advertising, graphic design, animation pre-production and publishing.
His recent industrial endeavor, has been in the field of human factor based user interface designing with augmented reality supplementing traditional print material for early learning under the banner BRAINTM Publishing. Here he aims to create modules having consistent user interface that is easy to use, aids in learning and is the one that users enjoy. Gaman's artistic style is influenced by Indian iconography, combining the traditional illustration techniques of watercolour, pen and ink with modern digital techniques.
Gaman's first series of eight picture books, The Golden Mythology Series, won the National Award for Excellence in Printing Children's Books..
Gaman Palem has been actively teaching subjects pertaining to Visual education in Tamil Nadu, was a lecturer at Loyola College and a visiting faculty at Raffles international College. Having been a creative consultant in many publishing houses and animation studios he is a research associate where he undertakes various research projects. He lives and works in Chennai. His works have been published in major graphic magazines, journals and he has exhibited widely in India. He currently works as a design professor in the Vellore Institute of technology.