OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Apatura metis

Apatura metis, the Freyer's purple emperor, is a species of butterfly found in the Palearctic.

## Appearance

Freyer's purple emperor has dark wings with reddish and yellow bands. The wings of the male are bluish purple if seen from the right angle. In appearance, it resembles Apatura ilia. However, it differs significantly from it by a stepped protrusion in the middle of the outer edge of the postdiscal band of the hindwings. The ground colour of the wings above is usually dark brown, with a light orange postdiscal band, an orange marginal band, and a field of the same colour in the median cell of the forewings. A blind ocellus is located in the anal corner of the fore and hind wings. There are four dark spots within the light field of the median cell of the forewings. Below, the wings are light, orange-brown, with a greenish coating. The body is large, dark, covered with reddish hairs above and white hairs below. The femora are white, the tibia and feet are reddish. The palps are pointed to the apex. Antennae are long, dark, with rufous margins below, at the base and at the ends of the clubs. The wings of males with a purple tint of their main background. For the Seitz accoont of metis see Apatura ilia

## Systematics

Freyer's purple emperor belongs to the genus Apatura, subfamily Apaturinae. The species is divided into seven subspecies:
* Apatura metis metis (Freyer, 1829) (south-eastern Europe)
* Apatura metis bunea (Herrich-Schäffer, 1845) (south-European Russia, Caucasus)
* Apatura metis substituta (Butler, 1873) (Japan)
* Apatura metis irtyshika (Korshunov, 1982) (south-western Siberia, Kazakhstan)
* Apatura metis separata (Tuzov, 2000) (Transbaikalia)
* Apatura metis heijona (Matsumura, 1928) (Korea, Amur and Ussuri regions)
* Apatura metis doii (Matsumura, 1928) (Kurile islands)

## Habitat and ecology

Freyer's purple emperor usually inhabits forests and is often found nearby rivers and streams. The female spends the majority of her life in the foliage. The largest habitat of the animal is the Gemenc forest in southern Hungary. Although it is one of the rarest animals in Europe, it can be seen in large quantities there. In Europe, Freyer's purple emperor usually has one, sometimes two generations, the first in May and June, the second in July and August. The caterpillars feed on willow species.
This species is stoutly protected in Europe. The nominal worth of a single specimen is HUF50,000, which equals about US$238.

## Gallery

* Apatura metis substituta on Mount Kirigamine, Japan
# Carolina Darias

Carolina Darias San Sebastián (Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 25 November 1965) is a Spanish civil servant and Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) politician who served as minister of Health of Spain from 2021 to 2023. Before that, from 2020 to 2021, she served as Minister of Territorial Policy and Civil Service under Prime Minister Pedro Sánchez.
As member of the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE), in July 2019 Canarian President Ángel Víctor Torres appointed Darias as regional minister of Economy, Knowledge and Employment in the government of the Canary Islands. She also served as President of the Parliament of the Canary Islands from June 2015 to June 2019.

## Early life

Born in Las Palmas on 25 November 1965, Darias received her law degree from the University of La Laguna.

## Career
### Career in regional politics

A politician from the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party, Darias was a member of the city council of Las Palmas from 1999 to 2004. She served as a government sub-delegate (2004–07) and was elected to the Parliament of the Canary Islands from Las Palmas in 2007. However, she left the position the following year after her appointment as the director of Territory, Town Planning and Housing in the Las Palmas city council.
In October 2014, Darias contested the PSOE primary for the post of President of the Canary Islands but lost to Patricia Hernández. After the results of 2015 Canarian regional election were announced PSOE agreed to form a coalition with Canarian Coalition and she was elected Speaker of the Parliament of the Canary Islands even though PSOE had won fewer seats than Canarian Coalition. She is the first woman to hold the position.

### Career in national politics

On January 11, 2020, Darias was appointed as Minister of Territorial Policy and Public Function in the Government of Pedro Sánchez was announced.
Throughout the COVID-19 pandemic and as the minister responsible for relations between the central government and the different public administrations, Darias accompanied the minister of health, Salvador Illa, to all meetings of the Interterritorial Council of the National Health System as well as other types of coordination and control meetings in the health field. Due to this, on 26 January 2021 the Prime Minister announced her appointment as Minister of Health, successor to Salvador Illa.

## Personal life

On 12 March 2020, it was reported that Darias had been infected by SARS-CoV-2, the virus that caused coronavirus 2020 pandemic. She was the second member of the Spanish government to be infected by the virus, after it was reported that Minister of Equality Irene Montero had tested positive for the virus earlier the same day.
# John Parsons

John Parsons may refer to:

## Politicians

* John Parsons (died 1717) (1639–1717), English MP for Reigate
* John Parsons (1667-c.1706), English MP for Reigate
* John Parsons (Newfoundland politician) (1868–1949), Canadian mariner, merchant and politician
* John Langdon Parsons (1837–1903), Cornish Australian politician
* John M. Parsons (1866–1946), politician in the Senate of Virginia
* John S. Parsons (1836–1911), mayor of Gloucester, Massachusetts

## Others

* John Parsons (organist) (1563–1623), organist at Westminster Abbey
* John Parsons (bishop) (1761–1819), Vice-Chancellor of Oxford University
* John Meeson Parsons (1798–1870), art collector
* John Parsons (missionary) (1817–1869), English missionary and reviser of the Hindi Bible
* John Edward Parsons (1829–1915), lawyer in New York City
* John N. Parsons (1856–1930), American labor union leader
* John Denham Parsons (1861–?), writer
* John Herbert Parsons (1863–1957), English ophthalmologist
* Jack Parsons (cricketer) (1890–1981), English cricketer also known as John Parsons
* John T. Parsons (1913–2007), pioneer in Numerical control for machine tools
* John Whiteside Parsons (1914–1952), American rocket propulsion researcher and occultist better known as Jack Parsons
* John Anthony Parsons (1938–2004), British sports journalist (mainly Tennis) and author
* Johnny Parsons (born 1944), American racecar driver
* John Parsons (footballer, born 1875) (1875–1960), Spanish footballer
* John Parsons (footballer, born 1950), Welsh footballer
* John Parsons (criminal) (born 1971), American FBI Ten Most Wanted fugitive who has been captured
* John Parsons (Inspector General), Inspector General for the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria
* John Parsons (jockey), British jockey
* John Parsons (physician) (1742–1785), English physician
* John Robert Parsons (c. 1825–1909), Irish photographer and painter
* Sir John Parsons (accountant), British accountant and courtier
* John Richard Parsons, English writer and artist
# Carlos Lagrotta

Carlos Lagrotta was an Argentine actor. In 1943 he starred in Benito Perojo's Stella. Other films include Hay que educar a Niní (1940), Santa Cándida (1945), The Headless Woman (1947) and El muerto es un vivo (1953).

## Selected filmography

* Educating Niní (1940)
* By the Light of a Star (1941)
* His Best Student (1944)
* Seven Women (1944)
* Saint Candida (1945)
* The Sin of Julia (1946)
* El Muerto es un vivo (1953)
# John Hickman

John Hickman may refer to:
* John Hickman (musician) (1942–2021), American banjo player with Byron Berline
* John Hickman (Pennsylvania politician) (1810–1875), U.S. representative from Pennsylvania, 1855–1863
* John W. Hickman (Pennsylvania politician) (1831–1906), American politician from Pennsylvania
* John Hickman (Medal of Honor) (1837–1904), American Civil War sailor and Medal of Honor recipient
* John W. Hickman (born 1939), American politician from Utah
* John Hickman (meteorologist) (1927–2014), New Zealand meteorologist
* Johnny Hickman (born 1959), musician with Cracker
* John M. Hickman (1925–1964), architect in Wichita and Frank Lloyd Wright disciple
* J. E. Hickman (John Edward Hickman], 1883–1962), justice of the Supreme Court of Texas
* John Hickman (diplomat), British ambassador; see List of ambassadors of the United Kingdom to Chile
# Gajashastra

Gajashastra (Sanskrit: 'Elephant lore') is an Indian manual on elephants dated to 6th-5th century BCE attributed to Palakapya.

## Description

It mentions destruction of habitat by elephants in the Anga Mahajanapada during the reign of King Romapeda (Lomapada). It also includes information regarding habitat of elephants in the Indian subcontinent including present day states of Rajasthan, Punjab, Andhra, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh etc. and details on how to capture and train them.
# Caroline Aigle

Commandant Caroline Aigle (French pronunciation: ) (12 September 1974 – 21 August 2007) was a French aviator who achieved a historical first when at the age of 25, she became the first woman fighter pilot in the French Air Force. Her promising military career was cut short by death from cancer seven years later. She was posthumously awarded the Médaille de l'Aéronautique (Aeronautics Medal).

## Background

Born in Montauban, Aigle spent her early years in Africa, where her father served as a military physician. After reaching her fourteenth birthday, she matriculated at the Lycée militaire de Saint-Cyr (Saint-Cyr Military High School), for the remaining three-year period from the second term until graduation. She subsequently proceeded to Prytanée Militaire, an advanced military high school and then to the military academy wing of the prestigious École Polytechnique, France's foremost school of engineering. During her first year (1994–1995), she fulfilled the requirements of her military duty while stationed with the 13th Battalion of the elite mountain infantry, The Chasseurs Alpins. She served her final year before graduation from the Polytechnique (1996–1997) in the École de l'Air, the French Air Force's officer candidate school.

## Career

After graduating from the Polytechnique, Aigle chose to join the French Air Force. On 28 May 1999, she became the first woman to receive the Air Force's coveted fighter pilot wings. She was assigned to the Mirage 2000-5 in the escadron 2/2 "Côte-d'Or" in 2000, and promoted to the rank of Commandant (roughly equivalent to Major) in 2005. Among the top candidates, she was also on the verge of being selected as an astronaut for the European Space Agency. By the time of her sudden death three weeks before her 33rd birthday (the cancer, a melanoma, had been diagnosed only a month earlier), she had accumulated a total of 1600 hours of flight time.
Aigle was a keen athlete and represented the Air Force in inter-service sports competitions. She was the 1997 French military champion in triathlon, followed by the 1997 triathlon world championship in military team competition. Still competing in 1999, she and her team won the triathlon world military vice-championship. She was also a skydiver and free-fall parachutist.

## Death

Aigle was pregnant when she was first diagnosed with rapidly progressing cancer and refused to undergo an abortion despite the increased difficulty in cancer treatment options. Her son Gabriel was delivered by caesarean section, five-and-a half months into term, fifteen days before her death on 21 August 2007. She and her husband already had one other child.
On 2 October 2007, President Sarkozy posthumously awarded her the Médaille de l'Aéronautique (Aeronautics Medal).

## Personal life

Aigle was married to Christophe "Douky" Deketelaere (born 27 September 1964), a former Air Force fighter pilot and deputy leader of the Breitling Jet Team. They had two sons, Marc and Gabriel.
# Caroline Agnes Gray

Caroline or Carrie Agnes Gray (13 May 1848 – 15 April 1927) was an English hostess and owner of Freeman's Journal.

## Early life and family

Caroline Agnes Gray was born Caroline Agnes Chisholm on 13 May 1848 in London. She was the sixth child of the eight children of the philanthropist Caroline Chisholm (née Jones) and Archibald Chisholm (1798–1877), an officer in the army of the East India Company.
Gray met her husband Edmund Dwyer Gray in September 1868 when she witnessed him saving five people from a wrecked schooner during a storm in Killiney Bay, near Dún Laoghaire. She later met him, and the couple were married in 1869. They had four children, with three surviving to adulthood: Edmund, Mary (1871–1913), and Sylvia (1873–1951). Gray placed both of her daughters in convents after their education and the early death of their father, supposedly as she feared they would harm her chances of remarrying.

## Political life

Gray was a noted hostess during her husband's political career, in particular while he was Lord Mayor of Dublin. Following his death in 1888, she held over 40% of the shares in her husband's newspaper, the Freeman's Journal. While she was not involved in the day-to-day running of the company, she did exert influence over the newspaper. When Charles Stewart Parnell's party split, the paper sided with Parnell at Gray's consent. She was one of a number of prominent Catholic women in Dublin who continued to support Parnell. In 1891, she appeared with Parnell in public, leading to the Archbishop of Dublin describing her as "a rock of scandal."
It was only when the Freeman's Journal's circulation and revenue suffered after the establishment of an anti-Parnell newspaper, the National Press, that Gray's loyalty to Parnell wavered. Influenced by her son, Gray decided that the Freeman would abandon its relationship with Parnell. This decision was formalised at a special general meeting to the Freeman company on 21 September 1891, seeing the pro-Parnell board replaced with one that included Gray's son and Captain Maurice O'Conor. The Freeman and the National Press merged in March 1892, after which Gray was bought out of the company with her son and O'Conor stepping down from the board, thus ending the Gray family's 50 year relationship with the Freeman.

## Later life

Gray married Captain O'Conor in November 1891. A Captain, and later a Major, with the Connaught Rangers, he was a relative of Charles Owen O'Conor and George Moore. Gray was 12 years his senior, and the couple had no children. They lived on Inisfale Island on Lough Allen, County Leitrim. Gray lived the last 30 years of her life there, with failing eyesight and eventual blindness. She died there 15 April 1927. O'Conor died in a hotel in Dún Laoghaire on 3 January 1941, in poor circumstances.
# Caroline Aerodrome

Caroline Aerodrome (TC LID: CCN3) was a registered aerodrome located 2 nautical miles (3.7 km) northwest of Caroline, Alberta, Canada.
# Galium johnstonii

Galium johnstonii (Johnston's bedstraw) is a plant species in the Rubiaceae. It is endemic to California, United States, known from four counties: San Bernardino, Los Angeles, Riverside and San Diego. It is dioecious, with male and female flowers on separate plants.
# 55 Cygni

55 Cygni (55 Cyg) is a blue supergiant star in the constellation Cygnus. It is thought to be a member of the Cygnus OB7 stellar association at about 2,700 light years.
Its apparent magnitude is 4.86, but this is slightly variable and the star is also called V1661 Cyg. When first analysed, it was classified as an irregular supergiant variable, but subsequent studies have treated it as an Alpha Cygni variable. It shows pulsations with multiple periods from a few hours to 22 days, and both p- and g-modes. Apart from p- and g-modes, strange mode and associated instabilities have also been found in models of this star. The spectrum also shows variation, leading to different classifications being given for the star.
The exact properties of 55 Cygni are not known precisely and are also variable. It is a hot luminous supergiant several hundred thousand times as luminous as the sun. This star was originally a standard for the B3 Ia spectral type.
The type of pulsations that 55 Cyg exhibits suggest that it was previously a red supergiant that has shed its outer layers. The most massive red supergiants are expected to pass through a blue supergiant phase before becoming a Wolf-Rayet star and eventually exploding as a type Ib or Ic supernova.
# Arthur C. Sidman

Arthur C. Sidman (August 3, 1863 – 16 August 1901) was the son of a blacksmith who became a popular American vaudeville performer and playwright.

## Early life

Sidman was born on August 3, 1863, to Peter and Elvira Sidman at the small town of Homer in upstate New York. Sidman began at an early age working as a typesetter, handyman and eventually reporter for a small newspaper in his home town before moving to the nearby town of Tully to work on the local paper there. In Tully he became involved with an amateur theater that soon found success with their production of the play Foiled which the group later performed in a number of towns across the region. At this point Sidman decided to abandon his newspaper career in favor of the theater.

## Career

In 1891 Sidman entered vaudeville with his character sketch A Bit of True Life. In time he would gain fame as a vaudeville comedian and character actor for his dead-on portrayals of the stereotypical Yankee farmer. Of the plays and skits he wrote, Summer Showers (ca. 1895) and York State Folks (ca. 1900) were his most successful. The latter, one of several comedies he wrote about pastoral life in upstate New York, would go on after his untimely death to be produced on Broadway and have successful runs across the country. A film version of York State Folks starring veteran actor James Lackaye was released in 1915.

## Marriage

In 1887 Sidman married Bertha Gardner, the daughter of a Tully area farmer. She died at age 19 on May 31, 1888, ten days after giving birth to their son Ralph. On April 20, 1891, he married actress Ella (Eleanor) M. Brooks at Hornellsville, New York. After his death, both Ella and later their daughter, Marjorie, would tour for a number of years in productions of “York State Folks”.

## Death

Arthur Sidman died suddenly on August 12, 1901, at Higgins Beach, Maine, a small community 100 miles north of Boston, Massachusetts. He had gone there with his family to rest and to put final touches on York State Folks before the fall touring season began.
# John Strohm

John Strohm may refer to:
* John Strohm (congressman) (1793–1884), American politician
* John Strohm (musician) (born 1967), American guitarist, singer, and lawyer
# John Walters (broadcaster)

John Walters (11 July 1939 – 30 July 2001) was a British radio producer, presenter and musician. Initially a schoolteacher and a jazz enthusiast, he played trumpet in The Mighty Joe Young Jazz Men and the 1960s pop group The Alan Price Set before joining BBC Radio 1 in 1967, where he was John Peel's producer from 1969 to 1991.

## Biography

Walters was born in Long Eaton, near Nottingham. He read Fine Arts at Durham University, where he worked under Victor Pasmore and as a student had his paintings exhibited alongside the works of David Hockney. He then taught at a comprehensive in Kenton, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, wrote a jazz column for the Newcastle Journal, gave evening classes in jazz history, played the trumpet with local bands and met Alan Price, then organist with the Animals. When Price quit to form his own group, Walters was recruited. He featured on five of the Alan Price Set's British hits, and played the Albert Hall and the Paris Olympia.
Walters joined the fledgling BBC Radio 1 in 1967 as a staff producer. He soon linked up with DJ John Peel and became his producer, starting in 1969. As a producer for Peel, he turned down the Sex Pistols for a "Peel session" when, drawing on his experience as a schoolteacher, he said Johnny Rotten "didn't look like the kind of boy you would trust to give out the scissors". He reportedly regretted this decision later, but was responsible for getting The Smiths their first session after witnessing an early concert. He was also responsible for The Fall's first session, a group which would later become Peel's favourite. Walters and Peel became close friends, with Walters being Peel's best man when he married his wife Sheila, and Peel requesting Walters play Roy Harper's "When an Old Cricketer Leaves the Crease" as his on-air memorial song if Peel were to die before Walters.
Walters also produced Vivian Stanshall's first foray into radio, both by overseeing Stanshall's Rawlinson End Radio Flashes when Stanshall stood in for a vacationing John Peel, and Stanshall's Sir Henry at Rawlinson End. He presented the long-running Radio 1 arts magazine Walters' Weekly, as well as Loose Ends and Idle thoughts, and was heard reviewing the music papers on the Janice Long show in the 1980s. In the 1990s, he was a reporter on the BBC's current affairs magazine Here and Now.
Walters died suddenly on 30 July 2001, from a heart attack, at the age of 62. He was survived by his wife, Helen.
# Jane Brereton

Jane Brereton (1685–1740) was a Welsh poet who wrote in English. She was notable as a correspondent for The Gentleman's Magazine.

## Biography

Jane was born in 1685, the daughter of Thomas Hughes of Bryn Gruffydd, near Mold, Flintshire, and his wife Anne Jones. Unusually for a girl at the time, Jane was educated at least up to the age of 16, when her father died. She showed an early interest in poetry.
In January 1711, she married Thomas Brereton, at the time a commoner of Brasenose College, Oxford. Her husband soon spent his fortune and went over to Paris. Some time after that, a separation took place and she retired in 1721 to Flintshire, where she led a solitary life, seeing little company other than some intimate friends. About that time Thomas Brereton obtained from Charles Spencer, 3rd Earl of Sunderland a post belonging to the customs at Parkgate, Cheshire, but in February 1722 he was drowned in the River Dee at Saltney, when the tide was coming in. His widow then retired to Wrexham for the benefit of her children's education, where she died 7 August 1740, aged 55, leaving two daughters, Lucy and Charlotte.

## Verses

Brereton possessed talents for versification, if not for poetry, which she displayed for some years as a correspondent to The Gentleman's Magazine, under the pseudonym Melissa. There she had a competitor who signed himself FIDO and is supposed to have been Thomas Beach. After her death a volume of her Poems on Several Occasions; with letters to her friends; and an account of her life, was published in London in 1744. A number of her poems were reprinted in subsequent collections.
Katherine Turner, writing in the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography notes that "Brereton's body of poetry displays a flair for tactful occasional writing, and represents a transitional moment in women's writing in the 18th century, a moment at which being a published writer while retaining respectability was becoming a real possibility."

### Selected works

* The Fifth Ode of the Fourth Book of Horace Imitated: And Apply'd to the King. London: William Hinchcliffe, 1716 (Foxon B408)
* An Expostulary Epistle to Sir Richard Steele upon the Death of Mr. Addison. London: William Hinchliffe, 1720 (Foxon B408)
* Merlin: A Poem. London: Edward Cave, 1735 (Foxon B409)
* Poems on Several Occasions. London: Edward Cave, 1744
# Nueva Vida

Nueva Vida may refer to:

## Places

* Nueva Vida, Calakmul Municipality, Mexico
* Nueva Vida, Pichilemu, Chile

## Broadcasting

* Radio Nueva Vida Christian radio network

## Music

* Nueva Vida, album by Las Chicas del Can
* Nueva Vida, album by Sergio Dalma 2001
* Nueva Vida, EP by Ojos de Brujo
* "Nueva Vida" (Peso Pluma song)
* "Nueva Vida", song by Ojos de Brujo
# Galasa concordalis

Galasa concordalis is a species of snout moth in the genus Galasa. It was described by Harrison Gray Dyar Jr. in 1913 and is known from Brazil.