OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Punctelia colombiana

Punctelia colombiana is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling) and foliose (leafy) lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. It is found in South America.

## Taxonomy

The lichen was formally described as a new species in 1984 by Belgian lichenologist Emmanuël Sérusiaux, from collections made in the Andean Mountains of Colombia. The type specimen was collected near Medellín, at an altitude of 1,800 m (5,900 ft). The specific epithet colombiana refers to the country where it was first scientifically documented. The species was later recorded in Argentina and Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul).

## Description

The thallus of Punctelia colombiana attains a diameter of up to 18 cm (7.1 in). It is tightly attached to its bark substrate, and has a greenish-gray to ash-grey colour. Pseudocyphellae are white, small (measuring 0.1–0.2 mm in diameter) and evenly distributed throughout the thallus surface. Isidia are present over much of the surface. The medulla is white, and it measures 80.0–130.0 μm thick. The thallus undersurface is mostly black with a dark brown zone around the margin. Rhizines are dark brown to black, with a branching pattern ranging from unbranched to irregular; they are abundant and evenly distributed around the margin.
The upper cortex is paraplenctenchymatous; this refers to a type of tissue in which the hyphae are oriented in all directions, and is analogous to the parenchyma of plants. The upper cortex is covered by a thin epicortex, although it is ruptured on the areas above the pseudocyphellae. The pseudocyphellae are formed from the rupture and disintegration of the upper cortex cells, which exposes the hyphae of the medulla. The size of the pore gradually increases as the cells around the inside perimeter disintegrate and the medullary hyphae grow into the pore area. Air pockets, called aeroplectenchyma, occur under the upper cortex in the region in contact with the algal layer. These pockets are thought to help with the internal diffusion of gases produced during photosynthesis of the algal component of the lichen.
The conidia (asexual spores) are threadlike (filiform), measuring 9–12 by 1 μm. Ascospores are ellipsoid, number eight per ascus, and measure 14–16 by 10–13 μm. Major secondary chemicals present in the lichen are atranorin and gyrophoric acid.

## Similar species

A 1996 study compared the morphological and chemical differences between Punctelia colombiana and Punctelia stictica, concluding that the species are closely related but distinct, and are possibly derived from Punctelia jujensis. A lookalike species is Punctelia constantimontium, also found in South America. It is distinguished from P. colombiana by its hook-like (unciform) conidia, and its persistently flat lobulae that never develop into isidia.
# Punctelia diffractaica

Punctelia diffractaica is a species of foliose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. It is found in Peru.

## Taxonomy

The lichen was described as a species new to science by Japanese lichenologist Syo Kurokawa in 1999. The type was collected by colleague Hiroyuki Kashiwadani in the Saylla District (Cuzco Province), where it was found in a pasture on the side of a road, growing on a calcareous rock at an altitude of about 3,200 m (10,500 ft). It is named for its uncommon metabolite, diffractaic acid.

## Description

The lichen has a foliose (leafy) thallus that is greenish-gray in colour, with a tight attachment to its substrate. It has a more or less rough, leathery texture, reaching dimensions of 8–10 cm (3.1–3.9 in) in diameter, comprising irregular lobes that are 2–4 cm (0.8–1.6 in) wide. Like all species of Punctelia, P. diffractaica has minute pores – pseudocyphellae – that help facilitate gas exchange. The thallus surface features isidia that originate either from the pseudocyphellae, or directly from the surface. The medulla is white, while the underside of the thallus is black, with sparse, short black rhizines less than 1 mm long. In the type specimen, most of the apothecia (sexual reproductive organs) were juvenile, measuring less than 2 mm in diameter, and not reported in the description.
Punctelia diffractaica contains atranorin and diffractaic acid is its main secondary chemicals. The latter chemical is rare in the family Parmeliaceae, and not otherwise known to occur in genus Punctelia. It is the presence of this chemical that allows this species to be distinguished from the morphologically similar species Punctelia punctilla, which also occurs in South America. Diffractaic acid is in the class of compounds called depsides, and has been scientifically investigated for biological properties such as antioxidant, antiulcerogenic and gastroprotective effects.
# Punctelia borrerina

Punctelia borrerina is a species of foliose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. It is found in Mexico and South America.

## Taxonomy

The lichen was first formally described as Parmelia borrerina by Finnish botanist William Nylander in 1896. The type specimens were collected in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Nylander described the species as somewhat similar to Parmelia borreri (now the type species of Punctelia), but with different chemistry: in P. borrerina, the medulla has C− and KC− spot test reactions, while P. borreri is C+. Hildur Krog transferred Parmelia borrerina to the new genus Punctelia in 1982. Punctelia borreri var. allophylla is considered to be a synonym of P. borrerina.

## Description

Punctelia borrerina produces ascospores that are less than 20 μm long, and long-filiform (threadlike) conidia that are typically 10–15 μm long.
The lichen is a member of the Punctelia microsticta group, a set of similar species with a black thallus undersurface and lacking vegetative propagules; the other members of this group are P. jujensis, P. microsticta, P. riograndensis, and P. subpraesignis.

## Distribution

In addition to Brazil, Punctelia borrerina has also been reported in Argentina and Uruguay. In Mexico, it has been found in San Luis Potosí, Tamaulipas, and Veracruz.
# Nicholas William Bailey

Nicholas William Bailey (born December 21, 1980) is an American composer and songwriter from New Bern, North Carolina. Bailey composes for a variety of cable television networks including TLC, A&E, Animal Planet, The National Geographic Channel, E! Entertainment, CMT, OWN TV, Bravo, CBS, MSNBC, ABC, SyFy, CNBC, Paramount, Discovery and VH1. Bailey is an active ASCAP composer and publisher. Bailey is also a member of the rock band "Nick and the Babes," and produces reality based television programming.

## Career

Upon graduating from East Carolina University in 2003 Bailey accepted residency as a piano bar musician. In 2008 Bailey was given the opportunity to compose for TLC's 18 Kids and Counting by fellow North Carolina musician Scott Pearson. Bailey landed music cues into the TLC series. Post composing contributions include Crime 360, 90 Day Fiancé, The Voice, Lockup, Pit Bulls and Parolees, What's Eating You, Project Runway, Below Deck, The Real Love Boat, Tough as Nails, Car Warriors, Police POV, Fact or Faked, Joe Rogan Questions Everything, Life Below Zero, Legend Quest, Iron Chef, Full Throttle Saloon, In The Bedroom with Dr. Laura Berman, Car Chasers, Abby & Brittany, Secret Celebrity Renovation, Married at First Sight, Duck Dynasty, My Cat From Hell, and Dad Camp.
Bailey's film/commercial music contributions include The Editor and the Dragon (narrated by Morgan Freeman), Intel/Lenovo, an award-winning Dale Earnhardt Jr./Taxslayer advert, corporate media, Newsweek.com's acclaimed webseries The District and the defunct virtual gaming world Zookazoo.
Bailey along with members of "Nick and the Babes" appeared on Ramseur Records' 2011 release "My Favorite Gifts" Christmas album along with The Avett Brothers. Bob Crawford (Avett Brothers) produced their rendition of Vince Guaraldi's "Christmas Time is Here."
# Pureke

Pureke is a genus of fungi within the Rhytismataceae family. This is a monotypic genus, containing the single species Pureke zelandicum.
# Pulmankijärvi

Pulmankijärvi is a medium-sized lake in the region of Lapland in Finland. The northern part of the lake belongs to Norway.
# Puyi Township, Guangxi

Puyi Township (simplified Chinese: 普益乡; traditional Chinese: 普益鄉; pinyin: Pǔyì Xiāng) is a township under the administration of Yangshuo County, Guangxi, China. As of 2020, it administers Puyi Street Residential Neighborhood and the following eight villages:
* Puyi Village
* Shangguan Village (上观村)
* Muqiao Village (木桥村)
* Liugong Village (留公村)
* Yong Village (勇村)
* Gule Village (古乐村)
* Shangyou Village (上游村)
* Dashan Village (大山村)
# James Nagle

James Nagle may refer to:
* James Nagle (general) (1822–1866), officer in the United States Army in the Mexican War and the Civil War
* James L. Nagle (1937–2021), American architect
* James Nagle (hurler) (born 1990), Irish hurler
* James F. Nagle (1927–2019), American politician in the New York State Assembly
# Nicholas Bonanno

Nicholas Bonanno (born New York City, August 3, 1927, died Atlanta, Georgia, July 19, 2002) was an organizer, regional director, and Vice-President of the International Ladies' Garment Workers' Union (ILGWU).

## Biography
### Work for the ILGWU

Nicholas “Nick” Bonanno worked for the ILGWU in a number of capacities for over fifty years. Beginning as a member of Local 89, also known as the Italian Dressmakers’ Union of the ILGWU, Bonanno worked as a sewing machine operator in New York City.
Bonanno was in the first class of the ILGWU's Training Institute, a competitive, year-long course in union leadership. After graduating in 1951, he served as an organizer and business agent in the ILGWU's Southeast Region. Throughout the 1950s and 1960s, Bonanno worked throughout the southern United States, the New York, and mid-Atlantic regions. In 1969, Bonanno was named Director of the ILGWU's Southeast Region, a position he held until 1995, when the ILGWU merged with the Amalgamated Clothing and Textile Workers Union to form the Union of Needletrades, Industrial and Textile Employees (UNITE). He was elected as a Vice-President of the ILGWU in 1971.

### Other Labor Movement Involvement

Bonanno was also engaged in other labor movement activities, including the American Trade Union Council for Histadrut, Atlanta's Community Relations Committee, the United Italian American Labor Council., and the Jewish Labor Committee.
# James Francis McGrath

James Francis McGrath (May 23, 1859 – October 29, 1902) was a fisherman and political figure in Newfoundland. He represented Placentia and St. Mary's in the Newfoundland and Labrador House of Assembly from 1885 to 1894 as a Liberal.

## Biography

James F. McGrath was born in Little Placentia, the son of Richard McGrath and Margaret Fanning. He was raised and educated in Oderin where his father was Customs Collector and Stipendary Magistrate. He received his secondary education at Saint Bonaventure's College in St.John's. McGrath began work as a fisherman operating his own boat and later owned a fishing business operating catching cod on the Grand Banks and herring. First elected MHA for the district of Placentia and St. Mary's in 1885 (a position his father had held in the past). He served as a member of the Newfoundland Fisheries Commission from 1889 to 1895. He was re-elected in 1893 and was named to the Executive Council as chairman of the Board of Works. He was forced to resign from the assembly the following year after the Tories filed petitions against 15 Liberal and one Independent incumbent for partisan use of government funds. He was disqualified from holding office again.
His brother Richard was elected to represent Placentia and St. Mary's in the subsequent by-election. In 1895, McGrath was named governor of the Newfoundland penitentiary, a position he filled from Apr 1 1895 until his death in 1902. He was married three times: first in 1882 to Theresa Mary Power (1859–1886), then in 1889 to Catherine (Kate) McCarthy (1859–1895) and finally in 1896 to Mary Anne (Min) Aylward (1859–1943). In all he had 6 children, 3 boys and 3 girls (including twin daughters who died as children). One son John William McGrath worked as secretary and advisor to Theodore Roosevelt but died in 1924 at the age of 32 in Boston, Mass. Son James became a doctor and eventually entered politics, becoming Minister of Health in the Smallwood government. Daughter Elizabeth Anne McGrath studied law and in 1934 was the second woman admitted to the bar in Newfoundland. James Francis McGrath died in Halifax at the age of 43 while returning from kidney surgery in Boston following an emergency operation by his uncle Dr. Donald A Campbell. His body was returned to St. John's, Newfoundland and he was buried in the Belvedere Roman Catholic Cemetery.
# James Haslam

James Haslam (1 April 1842 – 31 July 1913) was a British politician, representing Chesterfield as an MP from 1906 to 1913
Before entering Parliament in 1906, Haslam had been a founder member and served as a leading official of the Derbyshire Miners’ Association (DMA) since its inception some 30 years earlier. He was returned in 1906 as a Liberal candidate, but won the two General Elections of 1910 as a Labour candidate.
He died in 1913 in Chesterfield aged 71.
He currently has a statue outside the former Miner's Offices on Saltergate at Chesterfield.
# Niaccaba

Niaccaba is a monotypic moth genus of the family Noctuidae first described by Francis Walker in 1866. Its single species, Niaccaba sumptualis, described by the same author one year earlier, is found in Sri Lanka, the Ryukyu Islands and Borneo.

## Description

Palpi sickle shaped and reaching above vertex of head, with minute third joint. Antennae of male ciliated. Forewings with acute apex. The outer margin excurved at vein 4, then very oblique to outer angle. Veins 3 and 4 stalked and vein 6 from below angle of cell. Vein 7 arises from angle and veins 8 and 9 stalked from before angle. Vein 10 absent. Hindwings with excised outer margin between veins 6 and 4. Veins 3 and 4 stalked and vein 5 arises from near middle of discocellulars. Veins 6 and 7 from upper angle of cell.
# James Rosen

James Rosen may refer to:
* James Rosen (jurist) (1909–1972), U.S. federal judge
* James Rosen (journalist) (born 1968), American journalist
* James Rosen (author), American journalist
# Cayapas River

The Cayapas River is in northern Ecuador, flowing northward from the Andes and emptying into the Pacific Ocean near San Lorenzo. The Santiago River is a principal tributary.

## Fauna
### Fish

* Andinoacara sapayensis - A Cichlid.
# Release (film)

Release is a 2010 British film starring Daniel Brocklebank, Garry Summers, Bernie Hodges and Wayne Virgo. The film was written and directed by Darren Flaxstone and Christian Martin.

## Plot

Father Jack Gillie enters prison a guilty man, convicted for a crime that sees the Church abandon him, his congregation desert him and his faith challenged. His fellow inmates believe he's been convicted of pedophilia and begin to plant the seed of doubt into the mind of his teenage cellmate, Rook. After rescuing Rook from a beating Jack now becomes the inmates prey. Protection comes in the unlikely form of a prison officer, Martin with whom Jack falls in love and together they embark on a dangerous and illicit affair behind cell doors. As trust forms between the two men so Jack feels enabled to confess the truth behind the crime for which he has been imprisoned. Emboldened by Jack's honesty the two men plan their lives together post Jack's release.
Prison gang leader Max, however has ulterior objections and sets about ruining this relationship and manipulates the Governess, Heather, into suspending Martin for misconduct after disclosing the affair. Alone and vulnerable Jack is now tormented and hunted by Max who takes revenge on him for his crime.
Waking from the near fatal actions of Max, Jack keeps his head down and bides his time comforted by letters of love and support from Martin - delivered with disgust and loathing by one of Martin's colleagues. With the end of his sentence in sight Jack readies himself for a new life and a new beginning with Martin. The only obstacle to this remains Max and Father Elliott the Church's messenger sent to establish what Jack's intentions are once free. Before Jack walks out of prison, Rook, who is high on substance given by Max, stabs him in the chest, using a sharpened wooden cross.

## Cast

* Daniel Brocklebank as Father Jack Gille
* Garry Summers as Martin Crane
* Bernie Hodges as Max
* Wayne Virgo as Rook
* Dymphna Skehill as Heather
* Oliver Park as prisoner

## Release

Release was released in 2010 and had played at LGBT film festivals worldwide including: Sydney Mardi Gras, Melbourne Queer Film Festival, Vertzaubert Queer Film Festival, Miami Gay and Lesbian Film Festival and Philadelphia QFest.

## Reception

On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes the film has a score of 14% based on reviews from 7 critics, with an average rating of 3.9/10.
Jeannette Catsoulis of The New York Times described Release as "a predictable yet poetic reflection on faith, hypocrisy and the weight of conscience".
# ILAC

ILAC may refer to:
* Institutional Learning and Change Initiative
* International Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation
* Ilac Shopping Centre, Dublin, Ireland
# Rasno (Sjenica)

Rasno is a village in the municipality of Sjenica, Serbia. According to the 2002 census, the village has a population of 401 people.
# Jockin' Jay-Z (Dopeboy Fresh)

"Jockin' Jay-Z" is a song by American rapper Jay-Z, produced by Kanye West. Originally intended for inclusion on his eleventh studio album The Blueprint 3, the song didn't make the final track listing and remained a digital-only single until it was included as a b-side on various releases of the "Empire State of Mind" single. It samples "Dumb Girl" by Run-D.M.C. and first leaked on the internet in July 2008 – but with low quality sound. The mastered version was released in August 2008.

## Background

Jay-Z debuted the song at a Kanye West show at Madison Square Garden in August 2008. West told the audience that he wanted to play a beat he'd been working on, and once it started, Jay-Z came out and rapped over it. Once the abridged version of song concluded, Jay-Z and West simultaneously struck b-boy stances. The track contains a vocal sample of "Dumb Girl" by Run-DMC. West came up with the idea of revamping Run's line, "I seen you jockin' J.C."

## Oasis lyric war

The song's earliest form as previewed at Kanye West's Madison Square Garden show in August 2008 included the line "That bloke from Oasis said I couldn't play guitar, somebody should have told him I'm a fucking rock star" followed by the opening line to the Oasis song "Wonderwall". This was a response to a comment made by Oasis guitarist and songwriter Noel Gallagher in April 2008 when he suggested that a hip-hop headline act was wrong for the Glastonbury Festival. This set off a media-fueled storm of controversy. At Glastonbury Jay-Z performed an ironic version of Oasis's "Wonderwall". Jay-Z's reactions were reportedly described by an Oasis band member as like that of an eight-year-old girl. When Oasis later split due to a personality clash between Noel and Liam Gallagher, Jay-Z scored a point back by suggesting he would like to work with Liam.

## Charts

| Chart (2008) | Peak position |
| US Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs (Billboard) | 51 |
| US Hot Rap Songs (Billboard) | 18 |
| US Rhythmic (Billboard) | 35 |

## Release history

| Country | Date | Format | Label |
| United States | September 16, 2008 | Rhythmic contemporary radio | Roc-A-Fella, The Island Def Jam Music Group |
# Gen. William Floyd House

The Gen. William Floyd House is a historic house on Main Street at Gifford Hill Road in Westernville, New York. Built in 1803, it was the last home of Founding Father William Floyd (1734–1821), a signer of the Declaration of Independence, and a driving force in the settlement of the area. It was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1971. The house is a private residence, and is not normally open to the public.

## Description and history

The Gen. William Floyd House is located in the village center of Westernville, on the west side of Main Street at its junction with Gifford Hill Road. The house's main block is a 2+1⁄2-story wood-frame structure, with a gabled roof, two interior chimneys and clapboarded exterior. It is oriented facing roughly southwest, with a two-story ell extending to the west. The main facade is five bays wide, with a center entrance. The interior follows a center hall plan, with the main staircase on the left side of the central, a pair of parlors to the right, and the dining room and study to the left. Preserved period elements include wide floor boards and paneled fireplace walls.
The house was built in 1803 by William Floyd, a signer of the United States Declaration of Independence. Floyd, a native of Mastic, New York, served in the New York militia during the American Revolutionary War, rising to the rank of major general. For his service, he was awarded over 10,000 acres (4,000 ha) in Upstate New York in 1787. He began developing the grant soon afterward, and moved to what is now Westernville in 1803, when this house was finished. The house remained in the hands of his descendants until 1956.
Floyd's home in Mastic, New York, still stands, and is also listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The two William Floyd houses are believed to be the only surviving homes in New York of signers of the Declaration of Independence.
# Ideratus beatus

Ideratus beatus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Martins, Galileo and Oliveira in 2011.
# Kokošnje

Kokošnje (pronounced) is a settlement of around 30 houses east of Domžale in the Upper Carniola region of Slovenia.

## Name

Kokošnje was attested in written sources as Kokoschin in 1347, Koköschen in 1385, and Kokoschina in 1449, among other spellings.
# Salinas Elementary School

Salinas Elementary School may refer to:
* Salinas Elementary School (Laredo, Texas)
* Salinas Elementary School (Universal City, Texas)