OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Informal group (taxonomy)

An informal group in taxonomy is a taxonomic rank that is not well defined.
This type of group can be paraphyletic or polyphyletic but is kept for ease, pending new systems of classification.

## In zoology

Examples can be found in the classification of gastropods: Opisthobranchia, Sorbeoconcha, Hypsogastropoda, and Ptenoglossa are informal groups nearby the level of the order.
In human taxonomy, the informal taxonomic rank of race is variously considered equivalent or subordinate to the rank of subspecies.

## In botany

An alliance is also considered an informal grouping of species, genera or tribes to which authors wish to refer, that have at some time provisionally been considered to be closely related.
# India national volleyball team

India national volleyball team may refer to:
* India men's national volleyball team
* India women's national volleyball team
# Ines Geipel

Ines Geipel (born 1960) is a German academic and former athlete. She is professor of verse language at the Ernst Busch Academy of Dramatic Arts (Hochschule für Schauspielkunst Ernst Busch) in Berlin, where she teaches a course in contemporary puppetry.
She was born in 1960 in Dresden in the then East Germany. She was a competitive athlete there before escaping to the west in 1989. After her escape, she was expelled from the SED, of which she had previously been a party member. She studied sociology and philosophy in Darmstadt.
As an athlete she was a victim of Doping in East Germany, and she was president from 2013 to 2018 of the group Help for Victims of Doping (Doping-Opfer-Hilfe [de]). She was a co-plaintiff in the 2000 trial of Manfred Ewald and Manfred Höppner.
In 2019 she was the subject of an episode of the BBC series HARDtalk, interviewed by Stephen Sackur.

## Awards

In 2011 Geipel was awarded the Bundesverdienstkreuz (Cross of Merit) for her writing and political engagement. and in 2020 the Lessing Prize for Criticism [de].

## Selected publications

* Geipel, Ines:(August 2024) Fabelland: Der Osten, der Westen, der Zorn und das Glück
* Geipel, Ines (2024). Behind the Wall: My Brother, My Family and Hatred in East Germany. Polity. ISBN 978-1509559978.
       Originally published as Umkämpfte Zone. Mein Bruder, der Osten und der Hass (2019)
* Geipel, Ines; Somers, Nick (2024). Beautiful new sky: fabricating bodies for outer space in East Germany's military laboratories. Hoboken: Polity Press. ISBN 978-1509559992.
       Originally published as Schöner Neuer Himmel. Aus dem Militärlabor des Ostens (2022)
# Kasuga Station

Kasuga Station is the name of two train stations in Japan:
* Kasuga Station (Fukuoka)
* Kasuga Station (Tokyo)
# Hits 93 Volume 2

Hits 93 Volume 2 is a compilation album released by Telstar Records and BMG in Spring 1993. It was the second in a series of four albums collecting the biggest hits of the year, much like the original series called The Hits Album which ran from 1984 to 1991, although Hits 93 was formatted as a single-CD/MC collection.
The track listing contains mostly dance chart hits, and two tracks were included in an alternative mix to the standard radio edit ('I'm Every Woman' by Whitney Houston was the Club/House extended mix and the version of 'I'm So Into You' by SWV was the Teddy Riley Remix). The collection reached #2 in the UK Top 20 Compilation chart and achieved a Gold BPI Award.

## Track listing

* 2 Unlimited – "Tribal Dance"
* Whitney Houston – "I'm Every Woman (Every Woman's House/Club Mix)"
* SWV – "I'm So into You (Allstar's Drop Radio Edit)*" (incorrectly labelled, should have read 'Teddy Riley Remix')
* Lionrock – "Packet of Peace"
* Jade – "Don't Walk Away"
* Annie Lennox – "Little Bird"
* Snow – "Informer (Edit)"
* Shabba Ranks featuring Chevelle Franklyn – "Mr. Loverman"
* The Prodigy – "Wind It Up (Rewound)"
* Sub Sub featuring Melanie Williams – "Ain't No Love (Ain't No Use)"
* Q featuring Tracy Ackerman – "Get Here"
* Take That – "Why Can't I Wake Up with You"
* Sybil – "When I'm Good and Ready"
* Sonia – "Better the Devil You Know"
* Serious Rope presents Sharon D. Clarke – "Happiness (Medley)"
* Robin S. – "Show Me Love"
* Shaggy – "Oh Carolina"
* Dr. Alban – "Sing Hallelujah"
* Barry Manilow – "Copacabana" (1993 Remix)
* The Lemonheads – "It's a Shame about Ray"
# Kamacops

Kamacops is a genus of dissorophid temnospondyls known from the Middle to Late Permian of Russia that was described by Yuri Gubin in 1980. It is known from a single species, Kamacops acervalis, material of which is currently reposited in the Paleontological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Kamacops is one of the youngest dissorophids, along with Iratusaurus and Zygosaurus from Russia and Anakamacops from China and was one of the largest known dissorophids, with an estimated skull length of 24–30 cm. It is typically recovered as being most closely related to Zygosaurus and to the North American Cacops. A detailed study of the braincase region was performed by Schoch (1999), one of the first to examine this region in dissorophids. This study revealed extensive co-ossification of the braincase.
# Hopea semicuneata

Hopea semicuneata is a tree in the family Dipterocarpaceae. The specific epithet semicuneata means "half wedge-shaped", referring to the leaf base.

## Description

Hopea semicuneata grows up to 50 metres (160 ft) tall, with a trunk diameter of up to 2 m (7 ft). It has buttresses measuring up to 7 m (23 ft) tall. The bark is cracked and flaked. The papery leaves are elliptic or ovate to lanceolate and measure up to 14 cm (6 in) long. The inflorescences measure up to 7 cm (3 in) long and bear cream flowers. The roundish nuts measure up to 0.6 cm (0.2 in) in diameter.

## Distribution and habitat

Hopea semicuneata is native to Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo and Mursala Island, off Sumatra. In Peninsular Malaysia, its habitat is hill and coastal forests, to elevations of 400 m (1,300 ft). In Borneo its habitat is in mixed dipterocarp forests and by rivers, to elevations of 620 m (2,000 ft).

## Conservation

Hopea semicuneata has been assessed as endangered on the IUCN Red List. It is threatened by land conversion for agricultural plantations. It is also threatened by logging and the addition of logging roads. The species is found in some protected areas.
# Kalamb

Kalamb may refer to the following entities associated with Maharashtra, India:
* Kalamb, Osmanabad, a town in Osmanabad District
** Kalamb Tahsil
* Kalamb Beach, a beach near Mumbai
* Kalamb, Ambegaon, a village in Pune District
* Kalamb Karjat, a village in Karjat Taluka, Raigad District
* Kalamb, Yavatmal, a village in Yavatmal District
* Neolamarckia cadamba, a tree known in Marathi as "kalamb"
# 1984 Custom Credit Australian Indoor Championships

The 1984 Custom Credit Australian Indoor Championships was a men's tennis tournament played on indoor hard courts at the Sydney Entertainment Centre in Sydney in Australia and was part of the 1984 Volvo Grand Prix. The tournament ran from 8 October through 14 October 1984. Second-seeded Anders Järryd won the singles title.

## Finals
### Singles

Anders Järryd defeated Ivan Lendl 6–3, 6–2, 6–4
* It was Järryd's 2nd singles title of the year and the 4th of his career.

### Doubles

Anders Järryd / Hans Simonsson defeated Mark Edmondson / Sherwood Stewart 6–4, 6–4
* It was Järryd's 6th title of the year and the 19th of his career. It was Simonsson's 2nd title of the year and the 11th of his career.
# Odette Babandoa Etoa

Odette Babandoa Etoa (born 11 January 1961) is a Congolese opposition politician and former government minister.

## Early life and education

Odette Babandoa Etoa was born in Aketi in Orientale Province on 11 January 1961. She studied law.

## Career

Babandoa Etoa is a member of the Kinshasa Bar. She has worked as a magistrate and legal advisor to the Prime Minister's office. She was appointed Deputy General and the Chairperson of the Bas-Uele Railway Board.
She is the President of the UPR (Patriotic Union for the Republic, party presently in the opposition in the DRCongo).
In 1999, she was appointed Minister of Transport and Communications by President Laurent-Désiré Kabila.
In July 2000, she and her husband were arrested and accused of accepting bribes from a foreign country after meetings with senior Canadian government officials including David Kilgour and the awarding of a $41.5million contract to Quebec company Navigation Aeronav. However, the Canadian company denied any bribes had been offered, and others said she had been targeted for trying to expose corruption in Kabila's government. Three other ministers had been arrested in the preceding weeks.
She was released a day after her arrest on 7 July, and then arrested again on 13 July and released on 21 July. Her husband was tried for "treason in war-time" for allowing journalists hostile to the regime to use his office. He was sentenced to one year in jail but was released on provisional bail in August 2000.
Since her departure from government, Babandoa Etoa has served as President of the Forum of Women Lawyers. She spoke out against corruption and flaws in the 2006 electoral process. In 2011, she criticised Joseph Kabila and irregularities in the presidential election that she said contravened the constitution.
In April 2011, Babandoa Etoa joined Vital Kamerhe's opposition party Union for the Congolese Nation, later becoming Secretary General of the party. She is sometimes referred to as "Joan of Arc" or the "Iron Lady". As of 2016 she is also the "moral authority" of the Union for the Republic in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
In January 2016, she called on the Independent National Electoral Commission to fully assume its independence by publishing a detailed electoral calendar.

## Personal life

Babandoa Etoa is married to lawyer Nicolas Okende Katako and has six children.
# Jamaica–Ethiopia relations

Jamaica–Ethiopia relations are bilateral relations between Jamaica and Ethiopia.

## Origins

In 1948, the Shashamane Land Grant by Emperor Haile Selassie I to members of the Ethiopian World Federation led to a large Jamaican settlement in the village of Shashamane, earning it the nickname "Little Jamaica".

## Haile Selassie's first visit

Haile Selassie visited Jamaica on Thursday, April 21, 1966. He was greeted at the airport with crowds playing drums and smoking large quantities of marijuana. He was driven to the King's House to take up residence as the guest of Jamaican Prime Minister Donald Sangster and Governor-General Clifford Campbell. He later addressed the Parliament of Jamaica, received the Key to the City of Spanish Town by Commissioner Eustice Bird, and visited Jamaica College. During the visit, Rastafari representatives were present at all state functions attended by His Majesty. The visit drew crowds of some 100,000 Rastafari who descended on Kingston's Palisadoes Airport. Today the Rastafari celebrate April 21 as Grounation Day.

## Revival of relations

On 13 June 2016, Ethiopian foreign Minister Tedros Adhanom paid an official visit to Jamaica, the first by an Ethiopian official in 50 years.
# Jamaicans in New York City

There are 38,980 foreign-born Jamaican people in New York City according to the 2009-2011 ACS. Jamaicans currently make up 2.0% of New York City's population and 5.5% of New York's foreign-born population. Foreign-born Jamaicans have are concentrated in central and eastern Brooklyn, southeast Queens, and northern Bronx.
Jamaican people were an important presence in Harlem in the 1920s. Marcus Garvey was an important Jamaican figure in New York City.
# Jakob Meiland

Jakob Meiland (Senftenberg, 1542-Hechingen, 31 December 1577) was a German composer. His St. Matthew Passion follows the model of Johann Walter's first Lutheran passion historia (c. 1530) but has more elaborate choral numbers.

## Works

* St Matthew Passion
* Sacrae aliquot cantiones latinae et germanicae, quinqué et quatuor vocum Frankfurt 1575
# Jakob Mauvillon

Jakob Mauvillon (8 March 1743 – 11 January 1794), son of Eleazar Mauvillon, was an 18th-century figure in German liberalism.
He was born in Leipzig of French Huguenot descent. He was a professor of politics at Brunswick. He advocated a radical laissez-faire philosophy, which included proposals for the privatisation of all the schools and the postal system, to be funded privately rather than by taxes. He speculated that the security functions of the state might also be voluntarily funded.
Besides advocating laissez-faire in economic matters he also "expresses a radical libertarianism that centers on freedom of the press and expression" as revealed in a letter to the librarian of the Herzog August Bibliothek in Wolfenbüttel, Ernst Theodor Langer. He said he thinks that "the real barbarians are those who put obstacles in the way of press freedom, and hinder research in theology, philosophy and politics; in short, those who issue decrees about censorship, edicts about religion and who forbid people to read or to think." He died in Braunschweig.
Mauvillon was a mentor to the French liberal Benjamin Constant.
# Okonin

Okonin may refer to the following places:
* Okonin, Grudziądz County in Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship (north-central Poland)
* Okonin, Rypin County in Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship (north-central Poland)
* Okonin, Subcarpathian Voivodeship (south-east Poland)
# Karin Schneider

Karin Schneider (born 1970) is an American/Brazilian artist. She was born in Brazil.
Schneider has lived and worked in New York since October 1996. In 1997, Schneider and the artist Nicolás Guagnini an experimental film company called Union Gaucha Productions. Their first film Phantom Limb made in 1997 is a 30-minute 16 mm fictional documentary that traces through formal analogies the history of Concrete Art from Argentina and Brazil, Neoconcretism from Brazil and Unicism from Poland.
Schneider's work has a strong play impulse and sometimes invites the audience to invert the logic of the art object bringing functionality to it. Her architecture models were transformed critically into domestic apparatus, her oil paintings became exhibition displays for projections. There is always a program inserted in her installations to connect the work with the present tense and with the reality outside the exhibition space.
# Karin Schubert (politician)

Karin Schubert (August 16, 1944, in Erfurt) is a German politician. She is a member of the SPD (Social Democratic Party). She served as the Minister of Justice in Saxony-Anhalt from 1994 to 2001 and later as the Justice Senator in the state of Berlin until 2006.

## Life and career

Karin Schubert was born in Erfurt. She spent her school years in Thuringia, North Rhine-Westphalia, and Bavaria. After studying Sociology, Psychology, and Law, she completed her second state examination in Law in 1978. Following that, she worked as a judge at local and regional courts in Wuppertal and Düsseldorf until 1988. She then took on the role of Head of the Legal and Constitutional Affairs Division at the North Rhine-Westphalia State Representation in Bonn. From 1991 to 1992, she was the director of the District Court in Neubrandenburg and from 1992 to 1994, the President of the Regional Court in Neubrandenburg.
Since 2007, Karin Schubert has been practicing law as an attorney in Berlin, joining the Kärgel de Maizière & Partner law firm in 2009. Her main areas of focus are family law and inheritance law.

## Politics

Since 1971, Karin Schubert has been a member of the SPD (Social Democratic Party). In 1994, Minister President Reinhard Höppner appointed her as Minister of Justice for the state of Saxony-Anhalt in his first cabinet. Upon the formation of the government after the state election in 1998, Schubert was reconfirmed in her position and remained a member of the state government (Höppner Cabinet II).
Following the electoral victory of the Berlin SPD on October 21, 2001, she was appointed by the governing mayor Klaus Wowereit as Mayor and Senator for Justice to the Senate of Berlin (Wowereit Senate II). She assumed her office on January 17, 2002, and resigned from her position as minister in Saxony-Anhalt. She did not make herself available for a second term in the Wowereit Senate after the elections to the Berlin House of Representatives in September 2006. Consequently, as a result her tenure ended in November 2006.
Karin Schubert is a member of the board of trustees of the Friedrich Ebert Foundation and has been a member of the media council of the Media Authority Berlin-Brandenburg since 2015, where she serves as its deputy chairperson.

## Honors

* October 25, 2002: "Women's Bridge Prize" from the Frauenbrückepreis Foundation
* December 8, 2014: Honorary Citizen of Berlin
# Oil clique

An oil clique is a social clique or a network of powerful individuals and institutions that are involved in the petroleum industry. Important examples include China's oil clique and Texas' oil clique.
# Jalalpore

Jalalpore is a city and a Municipality in Navsari district in the Indian state of Gujarat. Jalalpore comes under Surat Metropolitan Region

## Demographics

As of 2001 India census, Jalalpore had a population of 16,246. Males constitute 52% of the population and females 48%. Jalalpore has an average literacy rate of 89%, higher than the national average of 59.5% and Gujarat's 79.4%, and ranking 3rd highest among 252 taluka in Gujarat male literacy is 92%, and female literacy is 86%. In Jalalpore, 12% of the population is under 6 years of age.
# Karanasa modesta

Karanasa modesta is a butterfly of the family Nymphalidae. It is found in India.

## Subspecies

* Karanasa modesta modesta (north-western India (Deosai Plains))
* Karanasa modesta gemina Avinoff & Sweadner, 1951 (Punjab Himalayas)
* Karanasa modesta baltorensis Avinoff & Sweadner, 1951 (north-western India (Baltistan))
# Karlapalem mandal

Karlapalem is a mandal in the Bapatla district in the Coastal Andhra region of Andhra Pradesh, India. Its headquarters are in Karlapalem.

## Demographics

Religions in Karlapalem mandal (2011) :
| Religion | Religion | Percent | Percent |
| Hinduism | Hinduism | 90.54% | 90.54% |
| Islam | Islam | 6.88% | 6.88% |
| Christianity | Christianity | 2.29% | 2.29% |
| Other or not stated | Other or not stated | 0.29% | 0.29% |
| Distribution of religions |||||
As of 2011 census, the mandal had a population of 50,320 in 14,361 households. The total population constitutes 25,232 males and 25,088 females — a sex ratio of 994 females per 1000 males. 4,684 children are in the age group of 0–6 years, of which 2,401 are boys and 2,283 are girls — a sex ratio of 951 per 1000. The average literacy rate stands at 60.68% with 27,692 literates. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes make up 8,499 (16.89%) and 3,309 (6.58%) of the population respectively.
Languages of Karlapalem mandal (2011)
At the time of the 2011 census, 94.00% of the population spoke Telugu and 5.83% Urdu as their first language.
# Karbala (Cappadocia)

Karbala was a town of ancient Cappadocia, inhabited in Byzantine times. It is the birthplace of Gregory of Nazianzus.
Its site is located near Güzelyurt, Asiatic Turkey.
# Jakobsbakken

Jakobsbakken (locally known as Bakken) is a small clustered village area in Fauske Municipality in Nordland county, Norway. The village no longer has any permanent residents, but it historically was a mining village. The village is situated south of Lake Langvatnet, about 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) south of the village of Sulitjelma, just above the tree line at an elevation of 600 meters (2,000 ft).

## Mine

Historically, this village was associated with the Norwegian mining company Sulitjelma Gruber. Ore deposits were discovered at the site in the mid-1870s, but systematic investigations were not carried out until 1886. Swedish entrepreneur Nils Persson (1836–1916) acquired eight sites in the Sulitjelma area. In 1891, Sulitjelma Gruber was formed. Telephone service was established in 1891 and postal service was established in 1913.
The transport of ore took place on an aerial tramway down to Sulitjelma. Jakobsbakken was by far the richest single deposit in Sulitjelma field. The area has numerous ore minerals, and at least 23 have been identified. The Jakobsbakken mine operated from 1896 to 1968 during which time 4.47 million tons of copper and zinc ore were extracted.
After the closure of the mine in 1968, the village area of the mining community was purchased by the Norwegian Lutheran Mission and the mine and mining facilities were razed or walled up.
# Karin Andersson

Karin Andersson may refer to:
* Karin Andersson (politician) (1918–2012), Swedish politician
* Karin Mamma Andersson (born 1962), Swedish artist
* Karin Dreijer (born 1975), Swedish singer and musician
# Jalgaon (disambiguation)

Jalgaon is a city in western India. It may also refer to:
* The census town of Jalgaon, Ratnagiri, in Ratnagiri district of Maharashtra.
* A tehsil Jalgaon Jamod in Buldhana district of Maharashtra.
* A village in Niphad Talulka in Nashik district of Maharashtra.
* A Jalgaon village in Rahata taluka of Ahmednagar district in Maharashtra
# James Bain (librarian)

James Bain (August 2, 1842 – May 22, 1908) was a Scottish-Canadian bookseller, publisher, and librarian. Born in London, England, his family emigrated to Toronto when he was 6 years old. After completing his education at the Toronto Grammar School, he went to work for his father who was a stationer and bookseller. He was active in the publishing industry both in England and in Canada, joining the firm John Nimmo & Son which later became Nimmo & Bain. He returned to Canada in 1882. After managing the fledgling Canada Publishing Company, Bain was selected in 1883 to become the first chief librarian of the Toronto Public Library. He held this position until his death in 1908.
As chief librarian, he was occupied with building both the library's collection and new branches. Acquiring the library's first collection took some diplomacy on his part, since in the 1880s fiction was controversial. In the campaign to establish a free library, some of the opposition had argued against it on the grounds that taxes shouldn't be used to circulate novels. While the library did acquire novels, the bulk of the collection was more serious. He was particularly concerned with ensuring that the library's collection include "every work of any consequence" in the fields of Canadian history and literature. The first building space and book collection for the library came from the Toronto Mechanics' Institute, who had opened a subscription library in 1833. The collection was supplemented by $15,000 worth of books that Bain acquired on a trip to England in late 1883. Bain welcomed patrons to the first Toronto Public Library in the Mechanics' Institute in 1884. Two branches, Northern and Western, also opened that year, with Eastern following in 1888, Dundas in 1889 and College in 1900.
In 1903, Bain secured Carnegie funding to build a new central library (now the Koffler Student Centre at the University of Toronto) and three branches, Yorkville, Queen and Lisgar, and Riverdale. After his death, the library received a second Carnegie grant to build more branches. Seven of the ten Carnegie libraries are still open as branches of the Toronto Public Library.
He helped found the Ontario Library Association, serving as president of the preliminary committee for 1900 and as its president for 1901 and 1902. He was also a founding member of the Champlain Society and held the role of Treasurer and was the president of the Royal Canadian Institute from 1900 to 1902.
James Bain is buried in Mount Pleasant Cemetery, along with his wife, Jessie Mary Paterson, and some of their children. His son was James Watson Bain.
# James Baines

James Baines may refer to:
* James Baines (clipper), a 1854 passenger clipper ship
* James Baines & Co., parent company of a fleet of packet ships running between Liverpool, England and Australia
* SS James Baines
* James Baines (merchant) (1822–1889), British merchant, shipowner and shipbroker
* James Baines (draper) (1648–1717), English businessman and philanthropist