OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Jeanne d'Arc Kagayo

Jeanne d'Arc Kagayo (born c. 1963) is a Burundian politician and educator. She served as Burundi's minister of the presidency for good governance from 2018 to 2020.
After a career as a school principal, she became involved in politics, joining the Green Party-Intwari after the Arusha Accords put an end to the Burundian Civil War. As a member of the Amizero y’Abarundi coalition, she was named minister of communal development in 2015, then minister of good governance in 2018.

## Career

Jeanne d'Arc Kagayo studied at the teachers training school in Kanyinya, in Burundi's Kirundo province. She then studied at l'Institut Supérieur de Contrôle et de Gestion, whose director, André Nkundikije, would later recruit her to his Green Party-Intwari.
She worked for several years as a primary school teacher and then principal in Kirundo. In 1994, she moved to the Bujumbura area, where she taught in Kinindo before again becoming a principal.
In 2000, Kagayo was elected to the National Assembly of Burundi.
Five years later, amid internal struggles in the entirely Tutsi Green Party-Intwari, her party faced a bitter failure in municipal elections and decided to ally itself with the Hutu National Forces of Liberation party, led by Agathon Rwasa. The coalition was dubbed Amizero y’Abarundi.
She was named minister of communal development in 2015, then minister of the presidency for good governance on April 17, 2018.
In June 2020, President Évariste Ndayishimiye announced a slimmed-down cabinet that did not include the portfolio previously held by Kagayo.

## Personal life

A widow, Kagayo has six children and at least two grandchildren. She is a practicing Catholic.
# Kezuriki

A katsuobushi kezuriki (鰹節削り器; かつおぶしけずりき) is a traditional Japanese kitchen utensil, similar to a wood plane or mandoline. It is used to shave katsuobushi, dried blocks of skipjack tuna (katsuo).
The technique used to prepare the cooking ingredient is pulling and pushing a block of katsuobushi across the blade in the device in a back-and-forth movement. The resulting shavings are captured in a wooden drawer at the bottom of the instrument, and retrieved by opening and emptying the shavings that are roughly sorted into two sizes for different uses.
The shavings are a staple of Japanese cuisine. Larger, thicker shavings, called kezurikatsuo (削り鰹; けずりかつお), are boiled with kombu to make dashi. Smaller, thinner shavings, called hanakatsuo (花鰹; はなかつお), are used as a flavoring and as a topping for many Japanese dishes, such as okonomiyaki.
Today, many Japanese households no longer use the katsuobushi kezuriki, opting instead to buy packages of already-shaved hanakatsuo or kezurikikatsuo at supermarkets.
# 1769 in France

"none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive
Events from the year 1769 in France.

## Incumbents

* Monarch: Louis XV

## Events

* 16 March – Louis Antoine de Bougainville returns to Saint-Malo, following a three-year circumnavigation of the world with the ships La Boudeuse and Étoile, with the loss of only seven out of 330 men; among the members of the expedition is Jeanne Baré, the first woman known to have circumnavigated the globe (she returns to France some time after Bougainville and his ships).
* 8 May – Battle of Ponte Novu begins between royal French forces and the native Corsicans.
* 9 May – Battle of Ponte Novu ends, marking the end of the Corsican War and paving the way for French dominance over the island.
* 23 October – Nicolas-Joseph Cugnot demonstrates a steam-powered artillery tractor (or 'automobile').

## Births
### January to June

* 1 January – Marie-Louise Lachapelle, midwife (died 1821)
* 10 January – Michel Ney, Marshal of France (died 1815)
* 31 January – André-Jacques Garnerin, inventor of the frameless parachute (died 1823)
* 1 March – François Séverin Marceau-Desgraviers, general (died 1796)
* 9 March – Adélaïde Binart, neoclassical painter (died 1832)
* 29 March – Jean-de-Dieu Soult, Marshal General of France and three times Prime Minister of France (died 1851)
* 10 April – Jean Lannes, general (mortally wounded in battle) (died 1809)
* 13 April – Charles Mathieu Isidore Decaen, general (died 1832)
* 21 April – Alexandre-Antoine Hureau de Sénarmont, artillery general (died 1810)
* 25 April – Marc Isambard Brunel, engineer (died 1849 in the United Kingdom)

### July to December

* 29 July – Louis-Benoît Picard, playwright (died 1828)
* 15 August – Napoleon Bonaparte, military and political leader (died 1821 in Saint Helena)
* 23 August – Georges Cuvier, naturalist and zoologist (died 1832)
* 10 October – Augustin Alexandre Darthé, Revolutionary (executed 1797)
* 28 December – Auguste Hilarion, comte de Kératry, poet, novelist, historian and politician (died 1859)

### Full date unknown

* Barthelemy Lafon, Louisiana Creole architect, engineer, city planner, surveyor and smuggler (died 1820 in the United States)

## Deaths

* 5 April – Marc-Antoine Laugier, Jesuit priest and architectural theorist (born 1713)
* 01 August – Jean-Baptiste Chappe d'Auteroche, astronomer (born 1722)
* 23 September – Michel Ferdinand d'Albert d'Ailly, astronomer (born 1714)
* 3 November – Diane Adélaïde de Mailly, third of the five de Nesle sisters (born 1713)
# 1807 in science

The year 1807 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.

## Astronomy

* March 29 – H. W. Olbers discovers the asteroid which Carl Friedrich Gauss names Vesta.

## Chemistry

* Potassium and sodium are isolated by Sir Humphry Davy.
* The use of fulminate in firearms is patented by Scottish clergyman Alexander John Forsyth.

## Geology

* The Geological Society is founded in London; among the more prominent founders are William Babington, James Parkinson, Humphry Davy and George Bellas Greenough.

## Mathematics

* William Wallace proves that any two simple polygons of equal area are equidecomposable, later known as the Wallace–Bolyai–Gerwien theorem.

## Medicine

* Samuel Hahnemann first introduces the term 'homeopathy' in an essay, "Indications of the Homeopathic Employment of Medicines in Ordinary Practice", published in Versammlung der Hufelandische medicinisch-chirurgischen Gesellschaft.
* British Army surgeon John Vetch describes the keratoconjunctivitis ("Egyptian ophthalmia") suffered by troops returned from service overseas; he identifies it as epidemic.

## Technology

* July 20 – French brothers Claude and Nicéphore Niépce receive a patent for their Pyréolophore, an early internal combustion engine, having demonstrated it powering a boat on the Saône.
* August 17 – Robert Fulton's North River Steamboat makes her first trip from New York City to Albany.
* November 19 – English inventor Lionel Lukin launches the world's first sailing self-righting rescue life-boat, the Frances Anne, at Lowestoft.
* William Cubitt patents self-regulating sails for windmills.
* Henry Maudslay patents an improved table engine.
* William Hyde Wollaston patents the camera lucida.

## Zoology

* April 21 – The Tasmanian devil is first described, by George Prideaux Robert Harris.

## Publications

* Alexander von Humboldt's Le Voyage aux Régions equinoxiales du Nouveau Continent, fait en 1799–1804, par Alexandre de Humboldt et Aimé Bonpland begins publication.
* Thomas Young's A Course of Lectures on Natural Philosophy and the Mechanical Arts published.

## Awards

* Copley Medal: Everard Home

## Births

* January 28 – Robert McClure, Irish-born Arctic explorer (died 1873)
* May 28 – Louis Agassiz, Swiss-born American zoologist and geologist (died 1873)
* November 14 – Auguste Laurent, French chemist (died 1853)
* November 30 – William Farr, English epidemiologist (died 1883)

## Deaths

* February 27 – Louise du Pierry, French astronomer (born 1746)
* April 4 – Jérôme Lalande, French astronomer (born 1732)
* December 5 – Francis Willis, English physician specialising in mental disorders (born 1718)
# Ouvrage Col de la Buffère

Ouvrage Col de Buffere is a lesser work (petit ouvrage) of the Maginot Line's Alpine extension, the Alpine Line. The ouvrage consists of one combat block at an altitude of 2,393 metres (7,851 ft) on the Col de la Buffère. Additional blocks were planned but not built or were left incomplete.

## Description

    See Fortified Sector of the Dauphiné for a broader discussion of the Dauphiné sector of the Alpine Line.
* Block 1 (entry): one Machine gun turret and two machine gun embrasures.
* Block 2 (unbuilt): one heavy twin machine gun embrasure. The block was never built, and consists of a simple wood door in a concrete frame leading to the galleries within the cliffside.
* Block 3 (uncompleted): one machine gun embrasure. The block was never built, and consists of a simple wood door in a concrete frame leading to the galleries within the cliffside.
A small emergency exit exists at the southern end of the underground gallery, armed with a machine gun port.
# 1803 in Ireland

Events from the year 1803 in Ireland.

## Events

* 23 July – Emmet's insurrection: United Irishman Robert Emmet stages a rising in Dublin which is quelled by the military, with approximately fifty rebels and twenty soldiers dead. The Lord Chief Justice of Ireland, Lord Kilwarden, is hacked to death. Neither Michael Dwyer (from County Wicklow), nor Thomas Russell (in the North), nor rebels from Kildare, are able to offer support for the rebellion as planned.
* 25 August – Emmet is captured near Harold's Cross.
* 19 September – Emmet, found guilty of high treason at the Sessions House, Dublin, delivers his Speech from the Dock, including the phrase "Let no man write my epitaph."
* 20 September – Emmet is hanged in Thomas Street, Dublin.
* 21 October – Thomas Russell, co-founder of the Society of United Irishmen, is hanged at Downpatrick Gaol.
* December – the Wicklow rebel leader Michael Dwyer capitulates to the government and is held in Kilmainham Gaol.
* The new Bank of Ireland buys the former Irish Parliament House on College Green in Dublin from the Government of the United Kingdom for conversion to its headquarters by Francis Johnston.
* Belvelly Bridge, linking Great Island to the mainland of County Cork, is built.

## Arts and literature

* 11 August – child actor Master Betty makes his debut in Belfast, followed on 28 November by Dublin.

## Births

* 2 March – Mary Frances Clarke, founder of the Sisters of Charity of the Blessed Virgin Mary (died 1887).
* 3 April – James Gamble, soapmaker (died 1891 in the United States).
* 29 April – Paul Cullen, Cardinal and Catholic Primate of Ireland (died 1878).
* 1 May – James Clarence Mangan, poet (died 1849).
* May – Francis Kelly, surveyor, business agent, farmer, and politician in Canada (died 1879).
* 17 October – William Smith O'Brien, nationalist (died 1864).
* 12 December – Gerald Griffin, novelist, poet and playwright (died 1840).

### Full date unknown

*   * John Kinder Labatt, brewer in Canada (died 1866).

## Deaths

* 23 January – Arthur Guinness, brewer and founder of the Guinness Brewery business and family (born 1725).
* 21 February – Colonel Edward Despard, British Army officer and radical (born 1751) (executed).
* 31 May – Robert Jephson, soldier, politician and dramatist (born 1736).
* 11 July – Thomas Hussey, diplomat, chaplain, and Bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Waterford and Lismore (born 1746).
* 23 July – Arthur Wolfe, 1st Viscount Kilwarden, Lord Chief Justice of Ireland (born 1739) (murdered).
* 24 August – James Napper Tandy, rebel leader (born 1740).
* 29 August – Samuel Neilson, co-founder of the Society of United Irishmen and founder of its newspaper, the Northern Star (born 1761).
* 20 September – Robert Emmet, leader of the Society of United Irishmen and instigator of the 1803 rebellion (born 1778) (executed).
* 21 October – Thomas Russell, co-founder of the Society of United Irishmen and rebel leader (born 1767) (executed).
# Ruth Ray Jackson

Ruth Ray Jackson is an American academic administrator serving as the seventeenth president of Langston University since 2024. She was previously its interim president, vice president of academic affairs, and a professor and dean of the school of education and behavioral sciences.

## Life

Jackson earned a bachelor's degree in secondary education and English and a master's degree in educational leadership and administration from Southern University and A&M College. She completed a Ph.D. in education and human resource management at Colorado State University.
Jackson was a public school teacher and administrator in Louisiana. She later worked at Louisiana State University Shreveport for eleven years. She was an associate professor of education, director of the master of education program, and chaired the education department. In 2014, she joined Langston University as a professor and dean of the school of education and behavioral sciences. In 2018, she was promoted to associate vice president for student success. For one year, she served as the vice president of academic affairs before working as the interim president for one year. In 2024, she became its seventeenth president.
# Ouau en Namu lakes

Ouau en Namu lakes is a protected area of Libya.
# Ouavoussé, Zoungou

Ouavoussé, Zoungou is a village in the Zoungou Department of Ganzourgou Province in central Burkina Faso. The village has a population of 1,454.
# Ouattara Lagazane

Ouattara Lagazane (born 1 January 1963 in Bondoukou) is an Ivorian sprinter who specialized in the 200 metres.
Lagazane finished seventh in 4 x 100 metres relay at the 1993 World Championships, together with teammates Ibrahim Meité, Jean-Olivier Zirignon and Frank Waota.
Participating in the 1992 Summer Olympics, he was knocked out in the quarterfinals.
# Otto-Ernst Flick

Otto-Ernst Flick (1916–1974) was the oldest of three sons born to Friedrich Flick and wife Marie Schuss in 1916 in Germany.

## Biography

He entered the Friedrich Flick Industry Holding Company in 1953, but had a fall-out with his father in about 1960. Otto-Ernst took his father to court to secure his inheritance, and after a prolonged struggle, received a payment for settlement. He retired in Düsseldorf and died in 1974. His surviving brother, Friedrich Karl Flick gained full control of the business after he paid out the children of Otto-Ernst.
# Rutsen

Rutsen is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Jacob Rutsen Van Rensselaer (1767-1835), American lawyer and politician
* Jacob Rutsen Hardenbergh (1735/1736-1790), American Dutch Reformed clergyman, politician and educator
* Jacob Rutsen Schuyler (1816-1887), American businessman
# 1884 Monaro colonial by-election

A by-election was held in the New South Wales state electoral district of Monaro on 18 July 1884. No poll was held as David Ryrie was the only candidate nominated. The by-election was triggered by the resignation of Robert Tooth.

## Dates

| Date | Event |
| 8 July 1884 | Robert Tooth resigned. |
| 9 July 1884 | Writ of election issued by the Speaker of the Legislative Assembly. |
| 18 July 1884 | Day of nomination at Cooma |
| 24 July 1884 | Polling day |
| 2 August 1884 | Return of writ |

## Result

1884 Monaro by-election Friday 18 July :
| Candidate | Candidate | Votes | % |
| David Ryrie (elected) | David Ryrie (elected) | unopposed | |
# Jefferson Township, Boone County, Arkansas

Jefferson Township is one of twenty current townships in Boone County, Arkansas, USA. As of the 2010 census, its total population was 1,202.

## Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, Jefferson Township covers an area of 15.581 square miles (40.35 km$^2$); 15.579 square miles (40.35 km$^2$) of land and 0.002 square miles (0.0052 km$^2$) of water.

### Cities, towns, and villages

* Valley Springs

## Population history

The township was in Carroll County for the 1840 through 1860 censuses. The figures below include the incorporated town of Valley Springs.
# Khundan, Haryana

Khundan is a village located in Nagpur block of Ratia Tehsil in Fatehabad district, Haryana, India.

## Demography

According to Indian Census 2011, There are total 478 families in the village. village has population of 2413 of which 1254 are males while 1159 are females. Literacy rate is 65.23 % as compared to 75.55 % of Haryana.
# Outside Looking In: The Best of the Gin Blossoms

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
Outside Looking In: The Best of the Gin Blossoms is a greatest hits album by American alternative rock band Gin Blossoms. It was released in 1999 on A&M Records. It includes eleven songs from their previous two A&M studio albums, New Miserable Experience and Congratulations… I'm Sorry. The remaining three songs are from different sources. "Just South of Nowhere" was originally included on the 1991 EP Up and Crumbling. The hit single "Til I Hear It from You" was originally found on the soundtrack of the 1995 movie Empire Records. "Whitewash" is a previously unreleased 1996 live recording of the song originally included on Congratulations… I'm Sorry.

## Track listing

* "Follow You Down" (Scott Johnson, Bill Leen, Phillip Rhodes, Jesse Valenzuela, Robin Wilson) – 4:29
* "Hey Jealousy" (Doug Hopkins) – 3:56
* "Until I Fall Away" (Valenzuela, Wilson) – 3:51
* "Allison Road" (Wilson) – 3:19
* "Mrs. Rita" (Jim Swafford, Valenzuela) – 4:26
* "Found Out About You" (Hopkins) – 3:54
* "Not Only Numb" (Rhodes, Wilson) – 3:08
* "Whitewash" (live) (Leen, Wilson) – 3:19
* "Cajun Song" (Valenzuela) – 2:57
* "Just South of Nowhere" (Valenzuela) – 3:27
* "Pieces of the Night" (Hopkins) – 4:33
* "As Long as It Matters" (Rhodes, Valenzuela, Wilson) – 4:30
* "Day Job" (Johnson, Leen, Rhodes, Valenzuela, Wilson) – 3:51
* "Til I Hear It from You" (Valenzuela, Wilson, Marshall Crenshaw) – 3:52
# Russian cruiser Asia

Asia (Russian: А́зия) was a cruiser of the Imperial Russian Navy. The ship was originally the Philadelphia-built iron merchant steamship Columbus completed in 1874
The iron passenger-cargo steamship Columbus was built 1873/74 in Philadelphia by William Cramp & Sons as Yard No.184 for local shipowner William P Clyde & Co.
Columbus was bought by Russia in May 1878, one of three merchant ships purchased in the United States to be transformed into naval cruisers: State of California became Europa, Saratoga became Afrika, and Columbus became Asia. After initial conversion by her builders, Cramp, in Philadelphia, she was sailed to Russia by a Russian crew for further outfitting in Kronstadt during 1878 and 1879.
The cruiser saw initial duty in the Far East, but then returned to the Baltic. She was downgraded to Cruiser 2nd Class on 1 February 1892. The future Vice Admiral Karl Jessen was her commanding officer in 1895 and 1896. In 1898 she received a new engine, increasing her power from 1,200 hp (890 kW) to 2,700 hp (2,000 kW), and adding 2.2 knots (4 km/h; 3 mph) to her top speed.
In August 1911, now rather obsolete, Asia was transferred to the reserve fleet. In October 1912 she was renamed Kaukas (Russian: "Кавказ"). Following the outbreak of the First World War, she was once again renamed Asia on 11 September 1914, assigned to the Baltic Fleet's transport squadron and used as a minelayer.
The ship was deactivated in May 1918 and scrapped in 1923.
# Russian cross (religion)

The Russian cross is a variation of the Christian cross with two crossbeams, of which the higher one is horizontal and longer, and the lower one is diagonal.
At the Moscow church council in 1654 the patriarch Nikon of Moscow promoted the decision to replace the eight-pointed Orthodox cross (☦) with the six-pointed Russian cross, but that move combined with some other changes resulted in the raskol (schism) of the Russian Orthodox Church. In the 19th century the Russian cross was used on the coat of arms of the Kherson Governorate in the Russian empire, where it was named the "Russian cross". In the Russian Orthodox Church, the inclination of the lower crossbar of the Russian Orthodox cross is viewed as the crossbar of the balance, one point of which is raised as a sign of the penitent thief. The other crucified thief, who blasphemed at Jesus Christ, is indicated by the lower point of the crossbar, tilted downward.

## Gallery

* On the coat of arms of the Orenburg Governorate (1856)
* Coat of arms of the Tiflis Governorate (1878, Russian empire)
* Coat of arms of the Erivan Governorate (1878)
* At the entrance of the monastery in Novomoskovsk, Russia (2014)
* In Saint Petersburg (2010)
* The 17th century Moscow's Kremlin by Adam Olearius
# Jean-Pierre Maïone-Libaude

Jean-Pierre Maïone-Libaude (9 July 1942 – 13 June 1982) was a French veteran of the Algerian War (1954–62), former member of the OAS' Commando Delta, a nationalist terrorist group. He then became the informant of police officer Lucien Aimé-Blanc, former vice chief of staff of the Antigang brigade and of the Narcotics brigade. Jean-Pierre "Maïon" was assassinated on 13 June 1982 at Argent-sur-Sauldre, in the Cher province, soon after being free from prison. In 2006, Lucien Aimé-Blanc revealed that Maïon had acknowledged having assassinated Pierre Goldman in 1979 on behalf of the GAL Spanish death squad. Aimé-Blanc also stated that he may have been responsible for the assassination of Henri Curiel in 1978.

## Sources

* Lucien Aimé-Blanc and Jean-Michel Caradec'h, L'Indic et le Commissaire, Plon, 2006, 246 pages
* Pierre Goldman, Le frère de l'ombre, Seuil, 2005, 298 p.
# Jean-Pierre Masseret

Jean-Pierre Masseret (born 23 August 1944 in Cusset, Allier) was a member of the Senate of France, representing the Moselle department for the periods 1983 to 1997, 2001 to 2011, and 2014 to 2017. He was a member of the Socialist Party, until he changed to La République En Marche! in 2017. He is President of the Regional Council of Lorraine region since 2004, reelected in 2010, after being a member of the regional council since 1986. He was mayor of Talange from 1995 to 1997, and Secretary of State for Veterans affairs from 1997 to 2001, in Lionel Jospin's Government. He was also municipal councillor of Metz and general councillor of Moselle.
# Ottoman railways

Ottoman railways may refer to:
* Chemins de Fer Ottomans d'Anatolie an Ottoman railway company located in Central Anatolia of the Ottoman Empire.
* The Syria Ottoman Railway Company
* Baghdad Railway
* Hejaz railway
* Other railways of the Ottoman Empire
For a history of railways in the parts of the Ottoman Empire subsequently becoming the Republic of Turkey both before and after 1927 see History of rail transport in Turkey
For descendent railway systems see also:
* Rail transport in Turkey
* Rail transport in Syria
* Rail transport in Iraq
* Rail transport in Lebanon
* Rail transport in Israel
* Rail transport in Egypt
* Palestine Railways 1920-1948