OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Rivers of Tasmania

This page discusses the rivers and hydrography of the state of Tasmania, Australia.
In the geography of Tasmania, the state is covered with a network of rivers and lake systems. As an island, all rivers eventually empty into the waters that surround Tasmania. There are four main river systems:
* In the south, the Derwent flows from the Central Highlands past Hobart, to the sea at Storm Bay;
* In the west, the Gordon River takes the waters of Lake Gordon and Lake Pedder and is joined by the Franklin River before flowing into Macquarie Harbour;
* Flowing eastwards and to the south, the Huon River has its headwaters at Scotts Peak Dam on Lake Pedder, and reaches the sea in D'Entrecasteaux Channel; and
* Flowing from the north-east, the South Esk, the state's longest river, joins the North Esk at Launceston to create the Tamar.
Compared to the rest of Australia, Tasmania has a very high proportion of wild or undisturbed rivers.

## Catchment areas

Major catchments of Tasmania are linked to the major rivers, the most notable being the Derwent. Catchments by region are:

### South west region

* Gordon River

### West coast region

* Arthur River
* Pieman River

## Major rivers

The following rivers are the longest river systems, by length.
Longest rivers in Tasmania by length (January 2008) :
| Order | River name | Length | Length | Region(s) |
| Order | River name | km | mi | Region(s) |
| 1 | South Esk | 252 | 157 | Midlands |
| 2 | Derwent | 215 | 134 | Central Highlands |
| 3 | Arthur | 189 | 117 | West Coast |
| 4 | Gordon | 186 | 116 | Central Highlands; South-west; Western |
| 5 | Huon | 169 | 105 | South-west |
| 6 | Mersey | 158 | 98 | North-west |
| 7 | Franklin | 129 | 80 | Central Highlands; West Coast |
| 8 | Leven | 99 | 62 | North-west |
| 9 | North Esk | 97 | 60 | Northern |
| 10 | Pieman | 38 | 24 | West Coast |
# Justin Hayward and Friends Sing the Moody Blues Classic Hits

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
Justin Hayward and Friends Sing the Moody Blues Classic Hits is an album by Justin Hayward of The Moody Blues with the Frankfurt Rock Orchestra and Michael Sadler of Saga and Shaun Williamson as guest-singers. It's an album of tracks taken from the Moody Blues discography, played with orchestral arrangements with lead vocal duties being taken in turn by Hayward, Sadler, and Williamson.
It was originally released with a cover title of Moody Blues – Unplugged – Greatest Hits in 1996 on Phantom Sound & Vision. A 1997 release by ISBA was titled Justin Hayward and Friends Sing the Moody Blues Classic Hits while a 2003 release on Armou was titled Justin Hayward and Friends and the Frankfort Rock Orchestra Perform the Hits of the Moody Blues.
Allmusic described the album as uninteresting and mostly plodding, with Hayward "becoming the Engelbert Humperdinck of 1960s rock crooners".

## Track listing

All songs written by Justin Hayward except "Isn't Life Strange" and "I'm Just a Singer (In a Rock and Roll Band)" written by John Lodge and "Forever Autumn" written by Jeff Wayne, Gary Osborne and Paul Vigrass.
* "Nights in White Satin" (vocals: Michael Sadler)
* "Question" (vocals: Shaun Williamson)
* "Forever Autumn" (vocals: Justin Hayward)
* "I Know You're Out There Somewhere" (vocals: Shaun Williamson)
* "Running Water" (vocals: Justin Hayward)
* "New Horizons" (vocals: Michael Sadler)
* "Blue World" (vocals: Justin Hayward)
* "Isn't Life Strange" (vocals: Shaun Williamson)
* "The Voice (vocals: Michael Sadler)
* "Blue Guitar" (vocals: Justin Hayward)
* "I'm Just a Singer (In a Rock and Roll Band)" (vocals: Shaun Williamson)
* "Voices in the Sky" (vocals: Justin Hayward)
* "Your Wildest Dreams" (vocals: Michael Sadler)
* "In My World" (vocals: Justin Hayward)

## Personnel

* Justin Hayward – Vocals (tracks 3, 5, 7, 10, 12, 14)
* Michael Sadler – Vocals (tracks 1, 6, 9, 13)
* Shaun Williamson – Vocals (tracks 2, 4, 8, 11)
* Lutz Halfter – Drums, Percussion
* Thomas Simmerl – Drums, Percussion
* Michael Lakatos – Percussion
* Hans-Dieter Lorenz – Bass
* Johannes Luley – Guitar
* Thomas Lohr – Guitar
* Lutz Sommer – Guitar
* Dietmar Watchler – Pedal Steel Guitar
* Tommy Schmitt-Zijnen – Keyboards
* Frankfurt Rock Orchestra – Orchestra
* Leon Ives – Orchestral arrangements
# Raphael Strauss

Raphael Strauss (1830–1901), was an American portrait artist of German descent, who worked in the United States during the latter half of the 19th century.
He was born in Bavaria, Germany in March, 1830. He immigrated to the United States and married Caroline Baermann in 1858. While in the United States, he lived most of his life in Cincinnati, Ohio. He was Vice President of the Cincinnati Art Club, and was listed in the city directory for more than 20 years.
He died in Cincinnati in 1901. He is buried in the Walnut Hills United Jewish Cemetery in Cincinnati.
Raphael and wife Caroline Goldstein were the parents of Joseph Strauss, a German–American structural engineer and designer.

## Works

* Examples of his work may be found at the Cincinnati Art Museum.
* Raphael Strauss worked in Central Kentucky
* Pair of Child Portraits by Raphael Strauss
* Portrait of Young Girl
# Surgical tape

Surgical tape or medical tape is a type of pressure-sensitive adhesive tape used in medicine and first aid to hold a bandage or other dressing onto a wound. These tapes usually have a hypoallergenic adhesive which is designed to hold firmly onto skin, dressing materials, and underlying layers of tape, but to remove easily without damaging the skin. They allow air to reach the skin ("breathable"). Some breathable tapes such as kinesiology tape, and other elastic bandages with adhesive are made of cotton. Surgical tape is often white because it contains zinc oxide, which is added to help prevent infections. Tapes made of porous material, such as 3M Micropore, are widely used.

## History

Primitive surgical tape, or sparadrapum probably consisted of strips of cloth impregnated with some type of plaster or sticky gum, which was applied over gauzes or wound dressings to hold them in place. Plaster casts over fractures were sometimes called "Spanish dressings"
In the Middle Ages an Italian a description appears in the thirteenth century, where surgical tape was recorded as sparadrappo, although there were some variations of spelling. In French it first appears in 1314 as speradrapu, and in Spanish it was documented as espadrapo around 1495.
Linguistically it is possible that in European Romance languages:
* the first linguistic element spara could come Latin separāre (separate), itself composed verb parāre (prepare, arrange), and linked to a root Indo-European per (Ə)´ -1 (procure, disposal).
* The second element comes from Latin 'drappus (cloth or rag), and appears in the fifth century BC work of the Greek medical writer Oribasius, who speculates that term may relate to a Celtic loan word.

## Types of surgical tape

There are many types of surgical tape classified according to the material of which the tape itself is constituted and the qualities of the applied adhesive, which should be hypoallergenic.
The most common types are either fragile tape (such as paper, which tears easily) or tear-resistant (often fabric or plastic) and some of these may also be either waterproof or breathable or both water-resistant and partly-porous, allowing some limited passage of air and moisture. A bandage should have appropriate adhesive power and be breathable and at the same time impermeable, easy to remove without irritating the skin and resistant to extreme temperatures, aging and solar radiation. Surgical tapes for medical use are subject to the requirements contained in internationally recognized standards such as the ASTM International ASTM PSTC / 6 standard.

## Features

Some features of surgical tape dressings include:
* rolls, or pre-cut and individually packaged
* transparent, white, and "skin" colours (although in a limited range of skin colours)
* rigid, or stretch (to fix a dressing in place, or to flex around to skeletal joints)
* waterproof or absorbent
# Riverside Speedway

"Riverside Speedway" may refer to:
* Riverside International Speedway, 1/3 mile, high banked, asphalt short track located in James River, Nova Scotia, Canada
* Riverside International Raceway, defunct road course in Riverside, California
* Riverside International Speedway (West Memphis, Arkansas), a 1/4 mile dirt oval outside Memphis, Tennessee
* Groveton Riverside Speedway, 1/4 mile, high banked, asphalt short track located in Groveton, New Hampshire
* Circuit Riverside Speedway Ste-Croix, 5/8 mile oval and 1.7 km road course in Sainte-Croix, Quebec, Canada
# Gamma Group

Gamma Group is an Anglo-German technology company that sells surveillance software to governments and police forces around the world. The company has been strongly criticised by human rights organisations for selling its FinFisher software to undemocratic regimes such as Egypt and Bahrain.
Following the Arab Spring protests in 2011, activists from Bahrain identified suspicious emails which were identified as social engineering attempts to persuade them to launch applications containing malicious software. The emails were passed to analysts who identified malware which would give FinFisher access to the infected computers.
The University of Toronto's CitizenLab conducted an investigation of Gamma which identified "33 likely government users of FinFisher in 32 countries, based on the presence of a FinFisher master at an IP address in a country or belonging to a specific government department."
In 2014, Gamma Group was hacked by a hacker calling herself Phineas Fisher and a 40 Gigabyte dump of information was released detailing Gamma's 'client lists, price lists, source code, details about the effectiveness of FinFisher malware, user and support documentation, a list of classes/tutorials, and much more.' Further details about Gamma's capabilities can be found in the Surveillance Industry Index.
Despite this hack and the extent of negative publicity about Gamma's activities, FinFisher was reported to be gaining in popularity around the world with numerous governments.
# Risskov Church

Risskov Kirke is a church located in the Risskov Parish of the Danish city, Aarhus.The Risskov Parish separated from the Vejlby Parish 30 November 1940.
The Church was originally built in 1922 as a villa for chocolatier Fritz George Clausen (1871-1927), founder of the chocolate factory Elvirasminde, and was designed by architect Vilhelm Puck. After the death of Clausen's widow in 1933, her heirs donated the Villa to the recently formed Risskov Church Committee, fulfilling a wish she had expressed to her relatives before her death. The villa was adapted by architect Aksel Skov and the Church was consecrated on the first Sunday of Advent, 2 December 1934. The present chancel was added in 1968. The Church was rededicated to Bishop Kjeld Holm in 1999.
A glass mosaic in the east end serves as the altarpiece.
# Iolaus cytaeis

Iolaus cytaeis, the cytaeis sapphire, is a butterfly in the family Lycaenidae. It is found in Nigeria, Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, the Republic of the Congo, the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Zambia.

## Subspecies

* Iolaus cytaeis cytaeis (Nigeria: west and the Cross River loop), Cameroon, Bioko, Gabon, Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo: Equateur)
* Iolaus cytaeis caerulea (Riley, 1928) (Democratic Republic of the Congo, Zambia)
# Iolaus coelestis

Iolaus coelestis, the eastern fine sapphire, is a butterfly in the family Lycaenidae. It is found in Nigeria (the eastern part of the country and the Cross River loop), Cameroon, Gabon, the Republic of the Congo, the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Zambia.
# Ringicula doliaris

Ringicula doliaris is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Ringiculidae.

## Distribution

Japan.

## Description

| Ringicula doliaris shell. | Ringicula doliaris shells. |
# Ringiculoides kurilensis

Ringiculoides kurilensis is a species of small sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Ringiculidae.

## Distribution

This species occurs in the western North Pacific.
# Norilsk uprising

The Norilsk uprising was a major strike by Gulag inmates in Gorlag, a MVD special camp for political prisoners, and later in the two camps of Norillag [ITL], Norilsk, USSR, now Russia, in the summer of 1953, shortly after Joseph Stalin's death. About 70% of inmates were Ukrainians, some of whom had been sentenced for 25 years because of MGB accusations of being involved in the "Bandera standard". It was the first major revolt within the Gulag system in 1953–1954, although earlier numerous cases of unrest in Gulag camps are known. It was led by Pavel Frenkiel in 1st camp, by Boris Shamaev in 3rd camp, by Yevhen Hrytsyak in 4th camp, by Pavel Filnev in 5th camp and by Lesya Zelenska in 6th camp.

## History

Between May 26 and August 4, 1953, the inmates of the Gorlag-Main camp went on worker' strike, which lasted 69 days. This was the longest uprising in the history of the Gulag. According to Soviet archives, there were up to 16,378 inmates on strike at the same time. It is significant that the uprising took place before the arrest of Lavrentiy Beria and its suppression coincided with news of his arrest. The preconditions for the uprising can be seen as the following: the arrival of waves of prisoners to the Gorlag, who had participated in the uprisings of 1952, the death of Stalin on March 5, 1953, and the fact that the amnesty that followed his death only applied to (non-political) criminals and convicts with short prison terms, the percentage of which was very low in Gorlag. There were two camp systems in vicinity of Norilsk. The majority of inmates in special camp Gorlag had been convicted for political crimes. The majority of prisoners in Norillag belonged to non-political criminals, so called bytoviki. The uprising was provoked by the shooting of several prisoners on the orders of the camp administration. All categories of inmates took part in the uprising, with the leading roles played by former military men and participants of national liberation movements of western Ukraine, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia and Georgia.
The inmates did not have any weapons, although initially during the inquest it was suggested by the Ministry of Internal Affairs to classify the uprising as "an anti-Soviet armed counter-revolutionary uprising". (Eventually the Soviet court used the term "mass insubordination of the inmates to the camp administration".) The action was not simply a strike: actions included a wide spectrum of nonviolent forms of protest within the Soviet law: meetings, letters to government, hunger strikes. For this reason, the term "Uprising of the Spirit" was suggested, as a form of nonviolent protest against the Gulag system. An account of life in the Norlisk Gulag, and the uprising, can be found in the memoirs of inmate Danylo Shumuk.
# Iowan Old Style

Iowan Old Style is a digital serif typeface designed by John Downer and released by Bitstream in 1991.
Iowan Old Style is inspired by serif typefaces from Renaissance Italy, now called the “old-style” or Venetian model of typeface design, with influence from Downer’s work as hand-painter of signs.
Compared to the historical models it is based on, Iowan has a higher x-height, meaning that the lower-case letters are taller and appear larger and wider, producing a design that is suitable for display and on-screen use. It is used as a default font on the Apple Books application and is included as a system font on iOS and macOS.

## Design

Downer has described the design "more Venetian than Aldine" and influenced by lettering. It has diamond-dots (tittles) on the “i” and “j” similar to the Arts and Crafts-influenced Goudy Old Style.
Iowan began as a design for ITC, but after the company dropped plans to release it, the font was bought up by Matthew Carter of Bitstream, who digitized and released it. Bitstream later revisited the design, adding ornaments and titling capitals. The character set includes small capitals and ligatures, as well as Cyrillic characters. Stephen Coles, an expert on digital fonts, describes its design as “hardworking.”

## Gallery

* An extended setting of a text by Oscar Wilde in Iowan Old Style, showing justified text and leading between the lines.
* Iowan Old Style’s x-height compared to other serif fonts: higher than Caslon and Bembo, used in fine book printing, but lower than Lucida Bright which is intended for maximum legibility.
# Norah Lange

Norah Lange (23 October 1905 – 5 August 1972) was an Argentine writer, who was associated with the Buenos Aires avant garde of the 1920s and 1930s.

## Life

A member of the Florida group, which also included figures such as Oliverio Girondo (whom she married in 1943) and Jorge Luis Borges (who dedicated an article to her in his first book of prose, Inquisiciones), she published in the "ultraist" magazines Prisma, Proa, and Martín Fierro.
Her ultra-modernist poetry influenced other well-known Argentine writers such as Nydia Lamarque, Maria Elena Walsh, Maria Dhialma Tiberti, and Ines Malinow.
Her 1950 novel Personas en la sala was published in English as People in the Room (trans. Charlotte Whittle) by the publisher "And Other Stories" in 2018.
In 1959, SADE (the Argentine Society of writers) awarded her their Grand Prize of Honor. This was the same award as Jorge Luis Borges had been given in 1944 but his work has remained more popular and in print. It has been proposed that she has been mistakenly seen as (just) a muse and not as a leading author.

## Works
### Poetry

* La calle de la tarde (The Street in the Evening, 1925), with a prologue by Borges
* Los días y las noches (Days and Nights, 1926)
* El rumbo de la rosa (1930)

### Prose

* Voz de la vida (The Voice of Life, 1927), novel
* 45 días y 30 marineros (45 Days and 30 Sailors, 1933), novel
* Cuadernos de infancia (Childhood Notebooks, 1937), autobiographical work, received the Buenos Aires Municipal Prize and the Argentine National Second Prize.
* Discursos (Speeches, 1942), speeches
* Antes que mueran (Before They Die, 1944), autobiographical work
* Personas en la sala (People in the Room, 1950), novel
* Los dos retratos (The Two Portraits, 1956), novel
* Estimados congéneres
# Norah M. Titley

Norah M. Titley (1920–2010) was a British scholar of Persian manuscripts and miniature painting from Persia, India and Turkey.
Titley joined the Department of Oriental Manuscripts at the British Museum from 1950. Shifting with her department to the British Library as that institution emerged in the 1970s, she retired from service in 1983.
The product of many years of study, Titley's most celebrated work was a translation and comprehensive analysis of the Ni'matnāmah published in 2005.

## Publications

Titley, Norah M. and the Department of Oriental Antiquities, British Museum (1977). Miniatures from Persian Manuscripts : a Catalogue and Subject Index of Paintings from Persia, India and Turkey in the British Library and the British Museum. London: British Museum Publications.
Titley, Norah M. (1978). A Khamsa of Niz̤āmī dated Herat, 1421. The British Library Journal, 4, no. 2, pp. 161–186. http://www.jstor.org/stable/42554074
Titley, Norah M. (1979). "Plants and gardens in Persian, Mughal, and Turkish art". British Library Booklets.
Titley, Norah M. (1981). Miniatures from Turkish Manuscripts. A Catalogue and Subject Index of Paintings in the British Library and British Museum. London: The British Library.
Titley, Norah M. (1983). Persian Miniature Painting and Its Influence on the Art of Turkey and India: The British Library Collections. London: The British Library Reference Division. Reviewed in Review of Middle East Studies 19, no. 1 (1985), pp. 115–116. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0026318400015285 and
Titley, Norah M. and Frances Wood (1991) Oriental gardens. London: The British Library. Reviewed in Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society 3, no. 2 (1993), p. 320. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S1356186300004806
Titley, Norah M. (2005) The Niʻmatnāma Manuscript of the Sultans of Mandu : the Sultan’s Book of Delights. (London: RoutledgeCurzon).
# Nupserha pseudinfantula

Nupserha pseudinfantula is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Stephan von Breuning in 1948.
# Patton Strikes Back

Patton Strikes Back: The Battle of the Bulge is a 1991 computer wargame designed by Chris Crawford and published by Broderbund for the Macintosh and MS-DOS.

## Gameplay

Patton Strikes Back is a computer wargame that simulates the Battle of the Bulge during World War II.

## Development

Patton Strikes Back was developed by designer Chris Crawford and released in December 1991.

## Reception

Alan Emrich reviewed the game for Computer Gaming World, and stated that "When a professional critic like this reviewer can't find some chink in a game's armor, the design and development work must have been thoroughly executed."
In Game Players PC Entertainment, William R. Trotter wrote that "Chris Crawford has given all computer games something wonderful to behold". He described Patton Strikes Back as "a potential classic".
Game Players PC Entertainment named Patton Strikes Back the year's best wargame, and praised it for "rethinking the concept of what a war game should be". The editors of PCGames nominated Patton Strikes Back for their award of the best strategy game of 1992, but gave the prize to Crisis in the Kremlin. They nevertheless called Patton "sure proof that war games without lots of numbers, hex grids, and situation-specific rules ... can be fun."
# Robert Ayres

Robert Ayres may refer to:
* Robert M. Ayres (1898–1977), American architect
* Robert Ayres (actor) (1914–1968), American actor
* Robert Ayres (scientist) (1932–2023), American-born scientist
* Bob Ayres (rugby league) (1914–1993), British rugby league player
* Bob Ayres (born 1953), American businessman
# Herbert v. Moore

Herbert v. Moore, Dallam 592 (1844), was a case decided by the Supreme Court of the Republic of Texas which held that property taken by Indians in a raid were not subject to the rule of postliminy and were still the property of the original owner.

## Background

On May 27, 1842, Indians stole horses and mules from P.W. Herbert in Bastrop County, Texas. Two days later a mule and other livestock was found in the possession of Indians about 30 miles from Austin. Thomas Moore and others recovered the stock after a fight, during which Moore lost his own horse. Herbert demanded his property back, but Moore refused, on the grounds that the taking of the stock for more than 24 hours stripped Herbert of title, and the recapture vested the title in Moore and those with him.

## Decision

Judge William J. Jones explained that Moore's position was based on the rule of postliminy, which was designed to handle property taken during war by an enemy. If the property is retaken within 24 hours, the original owner still maintains title, but if not retaken during that period, the original owner loses title. The question before the court was whether takings by Indians fell under this rule.
Jones noted that postliminy was a principle of international law and then examined whether Indians were separate nations for the purpose of the law. He stated that the Indians were a wandering tribe, not a nation, and that they did not claim any land nor exert sovereign authority over it. Nor had the Mexican government recognized the tribes as nations. Jones found "that, by our constitution and laws, the Indians have been reduced to a level with free negroes and mulattoes" and that they were therefore under control of the national government. Jones described the Indians as robbers, the same as pirates, and that it was not conducive to justice to allow postliminy to reward their actions.