OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Noahpad

The Noahpad is a Netbook developed by the Taiwanese company E-Lead. This small laptop shares some similar characteristics with other Netbooks launched in 2007, like the ASUS Eee PC, the OLPC XO and the Classmate PC.
The product was first presented at CES 2008, Las Vegas.
The device's specifications are as follows:
* Display: 7" 800 × 480 pixel LCD panel with LED backlight
* Operating system: Ubuntu 7.10
* Processor: VIA C7-M ULV Processor (ultra-low voltage), clocked at 1 GHz
* Graphics: VIA CX700 chipset
* Hard drive: 30 GB 1.8" HDD and SD card slot
* RAM: 512 MB DDR2
* Connectivity: 802.11b/g WLAN, 10/100 Ethernet, DVI-I port and two USB 2.0 ports.
* Camera: 300K pixel
* Audio: Built-in microphone and stereo speakers. 3.5mm microphone / earphone jack.
* Battery: 4 Cells, 3900 mAh. 4 Cells, 10000 mAh external pack also available.
* Dimensions: 192 × 143 × 29 mm
* Weight: 780 g

## Input device

The Noahpad's input device can function as both a keyboard and a pointing device. When used as a pointing device to control a mouse cursor, it provides a touchpad surface 70 × 70mm in size. When used as a keyboard, users push down on an area of the touch sensitive surface which is marked with a keyboard layout. Tactile feedback is provided by having the whole pad depress several millimeters when pressed.
# Richard Whittington (author)

Richard Whittington (12 February 1948 – 3 January 2011), was a British food writer.

## Early life

Whittington was born on 12 February 1948, in Bury St Edmunds, Suffolk, England, to Jeffery and Florence Whittington, the youngest of four children. He attended Essex University for a year, studying American literature, but left to begin a career in journalism.
At the age of 25, he was diagnosed with multiple sclerosis, and in his last 20 years he required the use of a wheelchair.

## Personal life

In 1969, he met and married Jane Eckersley. They had a son, and split up in 1972. His second wife, Pippa Steel, died in 1992.
Whittington died on 3 January 2011, aged 62.

## Publications

* Keep It Simple. Conran Octopus. 1993. ISBN 9781850295310. With Alastair Little.
* Food of the Sun. 1995. With Alastair Little
* Quaglino's 1996, Overlook Press. With Martin Webb
* The (Daily Mail) Modern British Cookbook. 1998. With Alastair Little
# Julian Carr

Julian Carr may refer to:
* Julian S. Carr (1845–1924), North Carolina industrialist, philanthropist, and white supremacist
* Julian Carr (politician) (1824–1886), Member of the Western Australian Legislative Council
* Julian Carr (skier, entrepreneur) (born November 9, 1978), of Salt Lake City, Utah.
# John Barker (architect)

John Barker (1940–2010) was an Australian architect, who served as the fifth Directing Architect for the Architects’ Housing Service (formerly Small Homes Service) Victorian Chapter.

## Biography

Barker obtained his Fellowship Diploma at the Royal Institute of Technology in 1967.
Barker then went on to operate an architectural practice in Carlton from 1969 to 1971, as well as working as a consultant for project home builders.
In 1971, Barker was appointed as Directing Architect for the RAIA (Victorian Chapter) Housing Service (Architects’ Housing Service).
Barker was the fifth director of the service, following on from other notable directors, such as Robin Boyd.
Barker was the first Director to act in a full time capacity, as there was expanding demand from the public for homebuilding advice.
During his time as Director, Barker wrote a weekly column in The Age newspaper, "The Age R.A.I.A House of the Week" where he commented on notable architect designed homes in Victoria.
Barker also established the Architects Renovator Service, which operated successfully through the Victorian Chapter of the RAIA.
In 1979, Barker stepped down from his position as Director to work in his own practice, his main interest being residential and renovation projects.
In 1980, Barker published the book "Renovate: architectural concepts for rejuvenating houses and building"
Circa 1990, Barker was the Victorian State Manager of Archicentre (now defunct), the building advisory service of the Royal Australian Institute of Architects.

## Selected works

* Architect's Housing Service Plan V451
* Model 1300
* Renovate : architectural concepts for rejuvenating houses and buildings
# Jogja National Museum

Jogja National Museum (JNM) is a contemporary art museum in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. JNM has established under Yayasan Yogyakarta Seni Nusantara (YYSN) management, JNM building complex was first a Former First Indonesia Visual Art School (ASRI-1950) and Faculty of Visual Art and Design (FSRD-1984) which later became Indonesian Institute of the Arts, Yogyakarta.
# Inferior medullary velum

The inferior medullary velum (posterior medullary velum) is a thin layer of white substance, prolonged from the white center of the cerebellum, above and on either side of the nodule; it forms the infero-posterior part of the fourth ventricle.
Somewhat semilunar in shape, its convex edge is continuous with the white substance of the cerebellum, while its thin concave margin is apparently free; in reality, however, it is continuous with the epithelium of the ventricle, which is prolonged downward from the posterior medullary velum to the taeniae.
# Celtis mildbraedii

Celtis mildbraedii is a species of forest tree in the family Cannabaceae. It was previously assigned to the family Ulmaceae. These trees grow in limited areas of South Africa, Mozambique and Zimbabwe. They are also found in forested areas from West Africa to Sudan, DRC, Angola and Tanzania. Common names include natal white stinkwood, red-fruited white-stinkwood and natal elm. This species is more common in Tropical Africa than in Southern Africa.
There are about forty specimens in Pigeon Valley Natural Heritage Park, Durban, South Africa. The southernmost specimen is found in Ilanda Wilds Nature Reserve in Amanzimtoti.
The fruit of the tree turns red as it ripens but viable seed is difficult to find. No Natal White Stinkwoods were available from plant nurseries in South Africa in 2009 suggesting that this tree species is not being propagated, despite its rarity in South Africa.
This tree is a dominant species in the moist semi-deciduous forests of Ghana along with Triplochiton scleroxylon and African Mahogany (Khaya ivorensis). The trees were common in Ajenjua Bepo and Mamang River Forest Reserves in Ghana.
In Uganda the tree is used for timber and is a primate food source in Budongo Forest Reserve. A study of correlations between seedling and adult tree densities of Celtis mildbraedii here, suggested that this species had a healthy regeneration pattern.
# Jules Auguste Sage

Jules Auguste Sage (Paris, 16 March 1829 - Paris, 13 October 1908) was a French poet, artist and sculptor. He is known for giving his name to a type of French postage stamp, Type Sage, first issued in 1876.

## Life

Sage exhibited at the Paris Salons between 1870 and 1901 and became a member of the Société des artistes français in 1883.

## Stamps

He designed the Type Sage postage stamps, also referred as the Peace and Commerce issue that the postal administration selected in a competition. The engraving was made by Louis-Eugène Mouchon. These stamps were a replacement for both the Ceres series that had lasted from 1849 to 1851 in different forms, and the Napoleon III stamps. The Type Sage were in use 1876 until 1900 and were the only stamps in use denominated from 1 centimes to 5 francs with intervening denominates of, 2¢, 4¢, 5¢, 10¢, 15¢, 20¢, 25¢, 30¢, 40¢ and 75¢. His name appears, in very small type, in the bottom left corner of the stamps and Mouchon is attributed in the right corner. In 1900 they were replaced by the Type Blanc, named after their designer Paul Joseph Blanc.

## Publications

* Poésies diverses [Miscellaneous poems]. Paris: éditions Édouard Dentu. 1885. BnF 31276828b
* Les Destinées de l'homme, esquisse. Paris: printed by H. Jouve. 1887. BnF 312768270
# Nineveh Township, Adair County, Missouri

Nineveh Township is one of ten townships in Adair County, Missouri, United States. As of the 2010 census, its population was 1,289. The township is named from the town of Nineveh, a German communistic colony that was established in the area in about 1850.

## Geography

Nineveh Township covers an area of 54.41 square miles (140.9 km$^2$) and contains one incorporated settlement, Novinger. It contains two cemeteries: Nineveh and Novinger.
The streams of Brush Creek, Davis Branch, Hazel Creek, Little Hazel Creek, Mulberry Creek, Rye Creek, Shuteye Creek and Spring Creek run through this township.
# Rattanakosin (disambiguation)

Rattanakosin is the period of Thai history since 1782, represented by the Rattanakosin Kingdom.
Rattanakosin may also refer to:
* The city of Bangkok during this period; see History of Bangkok
* Rattanakosin Island, the historic center of Bangkok
* Rattanakosin style (or Bangkok style), a distinct period in Thai art
# Inferior mesenteric

Inferior mesenteric can refer to:
* Inferior mesenteric artery
* Inferior mesenteric vein
* Inferior mesenteric lymph nodes
* Inferior mesenteric plexus
# Igerna (leafhopper)

Igerna is a genus of leafhoppers in the family Cicadellidae. There are more than 20 described species in Igerna, found in Asia and Africa.

## Species

These 27 species belong to the genus Igerna:
* Igerna atrovenosa (Melichar, 1903) (Sri Lanka)
* Igerna aurora Viraktamath, 2011 (Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia)
* Igerna bimaculicollis (Stål, 1855) (Africa)
* Igerna channa Viraktamath, Dai & Zhang, 2012
* Igerna darjeelingensis Viraktamath, 2011 (India)
* Igerna delineata Viraktamath, 2011 (India)
* Igerna delta Viraktamath & Gonçalves, 2013 (Madagascar)
* Igerna elegantula (Distant, 1917) (Seychelles)
* Igerna fasciata (Osborn, 1934) (Samoa)
* Igerna flavocosta Viraktamath & Gonçalves, 2013 (Madagascar)
* Igerna flavolineata (Distant, 1917) (Seychelles)
* Igerna himalayensis Viraktamath, 2011 (India)
* Igerna keyae Viraktamath, 2011 (India)
* Igerna kolasibensis Meshram, 2015
* Igerna malagasica Viraktamath & Gonçalves, 2013 (Madagascar)
* Igerna neosa (Webb, 1980) (Seychelles, Madagascar)
* Igerna nigrita (Melichar, 1914) (Java)
* Igerna nigrofusca (Melichar, 1905) (Tanzania, DR Congo)
* Igerna priyankae Viraktamath, 2011 (India, Nepal)
* Igerna quadrinotata (Melichar, 1903) (India, Sri Lanka)
* Igerna quadripunctula (Melichar, 1908) (Tanzania, DR Congo)
* Igerna quinlani Viraktamath, 2011 (Nepal)
* Igerna shillongensis Meshram, 2015
* Igerna sikkima Viraktamath, 2011 (India)
* Igerna tenuicaula Li, Dai & Li, 2012 (China)
* Igerna violacea (Distant, 1916) (India)
* Igerna wilsoni Viraktamath, 2011 (India)
# Raynold E. Acre

Raynold Edward Acre (1889–1966) was a member of the Early Birds of Aviation, a small group of pilots that flew before World War I.

## Biography

He was born on July 16, 1889, in Auburn, New York, to David Acre and Anna Forgette.
Acre's first flight was in a Montgomery tandem-wing glider replica at Daytona Beach, Florida, in 1909.
He married Anne M. Schatz (1894-1967) in 1910 and they had a son, Harry Raymond Acre (1911–1984).
In 1910 Acre was living in a tent outside the Hawthorne Race Track in Chicago, Illinois. Acre and Edward Andrews (aviator) worked on a 1905 glider built by John Joseph Montgomery, fitted with a 12 hp Bates engine. Victor Loughead and his half brother Allan Haines Loughead were licensed distributors of Montgomery gliders with Chicago auto dealer James E. Plew as a client. They also purchased a 30 hp Curtiss pusher which Acre was able to fly after Allen.
In 1928 Acre was working with Air Associates Inc, an exclusive east coast distributor of Lockheed aircraft. Acre flew as a passenger in the 1928 National Air Tour demonstrating the new Lockheed Vega. Acre became vice president in 1941 following a rare wartime government seizure by Franklin D. Roosevelt during a C.I.O strike. Acre stayed in the position through World War II. He remained active as a general aviation pilot, owning and flying a Beechcraft Bonanza.
He died on January 16, 1966, in Los Angeles, California.
# Jogja International Heritage Walk

Jogja International Heritage Walk (JIHW) is an international walking event that is held annually at Yogyakarta in the island of Java, Indonesia since 2008. JIHW is usually held in November for two days at Prambanan Temple and Imogiri, covering a distance categories of 5, 10 and 20 kilometers route. Walkers passes through plantation of Karang Tengah, slope of Bantul, and tourists villages of Sleman Regency. The event is organized to promoting the historical and cultural potential of the area, as well as to attract tourist. Many international tourist take part in the event every year. The motto of JIHW walking event is to promote a healthy lifestyle, also to improve communication and interaction between communities of different religions, nationalities, languages and cultural backgrounds.
The event is a member of International Marching League, and Internationaler Volkssportverband (IVV) since 2013. The event is arranged by Jogja Walking Association. Other than the walking competition the event has supporting activities such as Family Fun Walk, Coloring and Umbrella Painting competitions and an educational trip.
# Ibema

Ibema is a municipality in the state of Paraná in the Southern Region of Brazil.
# Ian Clark (geologist)

Ian D. Clark is a professor in the Department of Earth Sciences at the University of Ottawa (Canada), who has been publishing research on geoscience, groundwater and geochemistry since 1982, and is currently teaching GEO 1111 with David Schneider. His graduate work in isotope hydrogeology was at the University of Waterloo and the University of Paris.
Clark, who is a palaioclimatologist, is among the scientists who reject the mainstream scientific consensus on climate change; in the 2007 UK television documentary The Great Global Warming Swindle, he asserted that changes in global temperature correlate with solar activity, saying "Solar activity of the last hundred years, over the last several hundred years correlates very nicely on a decadal basis, with sea ice and Arctic temperatures."

## Works

* Ian Clark Groundwater Geochemistry and Isotopes, 2015, ISBN 1-56670-249-6
* Ian Clark and Peter Fritz, Environmental Isotopes in Hydrogeology, 1997, ISBN 1-56670-249-6.
* Ian Clark et al., 2015. Paleozoic-aged microbial methane in an Ordovician shale and carbonate aquiclude of the Michigan Basin, Southwestern Ontario. Organic Geochemistry. 83-84: 118-126.
* Ian Clark et al., 2013. Paleozoic-aged brine and authigenic helium preserved in an Ordovician shale aquiclude. Geology, 41: 951-954
* Ian Clark and B Lauriol, "Aufeis of the Firth River basin, northern Yukon, Canada: insights to permafrost hydrogeology and karst". Arctic and Alpine Research, 29: 240-252, 1997.
* Ian Clark, B Lauriol, L Harwood, M Marschner, "Groundwater Contributions to Discharge in a Permafrost Setting, Big Fish River, NWT, Canada", Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research, 33: 62-69, 2001.
* B Lauriol, ID Clark. An approach to determine the origin and age of massive ice blockage in two Arctic caves, Permafrost and Periglacial Processes, 1993.
* I Clark, B Lauriol, M Marschner, N Sabourin, et al. Endostromatolites from permafrost karst, Yukon, Canada, Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 2004.
* D Lacelle, B Lauriol, ID Clark, "Seasonal isotopic imprint in moonmilk from Caverne de l’Ours (Quebec, Canada): implications for climatic reconstruction". Canadian Journal of Earth Science, 41: 1411-1423, 2004.
* ID Clark, L Henderson, J Chappellaz, D Fisher et al., "CO$_2$ isotopes as tracers of firn air diffusion and age in an Arctic ice cap with summer melting, Devon Island, Canada". Journal of Geophysical Research 112, D01301, doi:10.1029/2006jD007471, 2007.
# John Alderson

John Alderson may refer to:
* John Alderson (physician) (1758–1829), English physician
* John D. Alderson (1854–1910), United States Representative from West Virginia
* Jack Alderson (1891–1972), English footballer
* John Alderson (footballer) (fl. 1930–1932), English footballer
* John Alderson (actor) (1916–2006), English-born Hollywood actor
* John Alderson (police officer) (1922–2011), British police officer, Chief Constable of Devon and Cornwall, 1973–1982
* John Alderson (cricketer) (1929–2022), New Zealand cricketer
# Johan Retief

Vice Admiral Johan Retief SD & Bar PG SM MMM was the Chief of the South African Navy from 2000 to 2005.
Retief was born on 20 March 1946 in Cape Town, matriculating at Hoërskool Jan van Riebeeck in Cape Town.

## Career

He attended the South African Military Academy after completing his Citizen Force training and graduated with a Bachelor of Military Science degree in 1967 and was judged the Best Student in that year.
He was appointed an Anti-Submarine Warfare Officer and was selected to attend the Torpedo and Anti-Submarine course at HMS Vernon in Portsmouth, United Kingdom.
He joined the Strike Craft Flotilla, initially as training officer at the inception of the project in 1975. He was the Commissioning Captain of SAS Jim Fouche and attended the Naval Command and Staff Course in 1981. After completing a year as Staff Officer Surface Warfare, he was appointed Director Naval Operations in 1985. After attending the Joint Staff Course in 1988 he served as Senior Staff Officer Research at the Intelligence Division and then as Military Secretary to the Minister of Defence General Magnus Malan and Ministers Roelf Meyer and Gene Louw.
He was promoted to rear admiral and appointed as Chief of Naval Operations with effect from 1 January 1993 until 30 April 1996, after which he served as Inspector-General of the South African National Defence Force.
He was promoted to vice admiral and appointed Chief of the South African Navy on 1 November 2000.

## Awards and decorations

Internal Audit Practitioner (Qualification) :
* Black on Thatch beige, Embossed Internal Audit Investigation
Adm Retief was awarded the following:
* Southern Cross Decoration (SD & Bar)
* iPhrothiya yeGolide (Golden Protea) (PG)
* Southern Cross Medal (1975) (SM)
* Military Merit Medal (MMM)
* Pro Patria Medal
* Southern Africa Medal
* General Service Medal (South Africa)
* Unitas (Unity) Medal
* Medalje vir Troue Diens (Medal for Loyal Service) (40 Year Clasp)
* Good Service Medal (Gold (30 Years))
* Good Service Medal (Silver (20 Years))
* Good Service Medal (Bronze (10 Years))
* Order of Naval Merit (Grand Officer) (Brazil)
* Order of May (Naval Merit) (Grand Cross) (Argentina)
# Johan Reinhardt

Johannes Christopher Hagemann Reinhardt (23 December 1778 – 31 October 1845), sometimes called J. C. H. Reinhardt, was a professor in zoology at the University of Copenhagen.
Born in Rendalen parish in Norway, his father, Johannes Henrik Reinhardt, was a priest, and his mother, Johanne Elisabeth Mommesen, was from Holmestrand (Norway). He was not baptized Johannes, but adopted the name later. After having been educated at home, he came to Copenhagen in 1792 and entered the university in 1793, where he passed the first two examinations, but after that spent almost two years at home, where he used the opportunity to study plants and animals. In 1796, he returned to Copenhagen to study theology, but his tendencies pulled him away from this study and towards natural history. He became a disciple of Martin Vahl, with whose help Reinhardt in 1801 got the opportunity to travel abroad, where he stayed until 1806 (in the beginning a mentor for a son of the titular councillor of state J.C.C. Brun). At first, Reinhardt studied mineralogy at the academy of mining in Freiberg, later primarily zoology and anatomy in Göttingen and finally in Paris. During his stay there he received an appointment as an inspector for that part of the newly established Royal Museum for Natural History which was founded by acquiring the collections of the Society for Natural History in 1805. He was just about to start as a private tutor in a German family in Normandy, but accepted happily the post as inspector instead, although the annual salary was only 200 Rdl., because he now felt it possible to return home without having to choose between "death from hunger or practising law". He remained in Paris for a few months more and tried to extend his rather insufficient knowledge by studying in the museums and by following Georges Cuvier's lectures, that had excited his enthusiasm. In late 1806 he returned and immediately took over the management of the collection. In 1809 he started giving lectures in the museum, and when professor J. Rathke had been transferred to Christiania, Reinhardt was also employed by the university in 1813, at first as a senior lecturer and the year after as a professor extraordinarius in natural history. In 1814, he married Mette Margrethe Nicoline Hammeleff (1782–1832), a daughter of titular councillor of state N. Hammeleff and Juliane Marie Hammeleff, born Pontoppidan. In 1821, he became a member of the Royal Danish Academy of Sciences and Letters, in 1830 ordinary professor and a member of the Academic Council; in 1836 he was appointed honourable Doctor of Philosophy, and in 1839 he became titular councillor of state.
He was the father of herpetologist Johannes Theodor Reinhardt (1816-1882), who with Christian Frederik Lütken (1827-1901), published Bidrag til Kundskab om Brasiliens Padder og Krybdyr (Contributions to the knowledge of Brazilian amphibians and reptiles.
Reinhardt died on 31 October 1845 in Copenhagen.

## Taxon described by him

* See Category:Taxa named by Johan Reinhardt
# ISO 3166-2:CW

ISO 3166-2:CW is the entry for Curaçao in ISO 3166-2, part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), which defines codes for the names of the principal subdivisions (e.g., provinces or states) of all countries coded in ISO 3166-1.
Currently no ISO 3166-2 codes are defined in the entry for Curaçao. The territory has no defined subdivisions.
Curaçao, a constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, is officially assigned the ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 code CW. Moreover, it is also assigned the ISO 3166-2 code NL-CW under the entry for the Netherlands.

## Changes

The following changes to the entry have been announced in newsletters by the ISO 3166/MA since the first publication of ISO 3166-2 in 1998:
| Newsletter | Date issued | Description of change in newsletter |
| Newsletter II-3 | 2011-12-13 (corrected 2011-12-15) | Addition of code to align ISO 3166-1 and ISO 3166-2. |