OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# General Cliff Rock Paintings

General Cliff Rock Paintings or Jiangjunya Petroglyphs (simplified Chinese: 将军崖岩画; traditional Chinese: 將軍崖岩畫; pinyin: Jiāngjūn yá Yánhuà), also known as Jiangjunya Rock Paintings, are images carved into the rocks of the General Cliff (将军崖), located in Jinping, 14 kilometers far west from Lianyungang.

## Discovery and research

The site of General Cliff Rock Paintings was discovered in 1979. In the 1980s, people found three petroglyphs of several square meters in the suburb of General Cliff in Lianyungang, Jiangsu, which were then hailed as "Oriental Book from Heaven" (东方天书) because of their obscure contents.
Many experts and scholars have confirmed that the rock paintings of the General Cliff are Neolithic works, which has become a consensus in Chinese historiography circle, but there are different speculations on the makers of these rock paintings, the time of production, the meanings of the images and the specific purposes.
One view is that the General Cliff Rock Paintings are about 10,000 years old, and are the oldest rock paintings ever discovered in China.

## Conservation

In 1988, the site of General Cliff Rock Paintings was included in the third batch of the list of Major Historical and Cultural Site Protected at the National Level by the State Council of the People's Republic of China.
# José María González

José María Angél González was the governor of the independent Junta Popular during New Mexico’s Río Arriba Rebellion in 1837. González, sometimes spelled Gonzáles, was a Taos Pueblo Indian who led the Junta Popular or Cantón, which was the most ethnically inclusive government in the history of New Mexico. González was quickly replaced by Montoya as Cantón Governor. González was the first and only Pueblo elected Governor of New Mexico.
José María González was from Chimayó and was an accomplished buffalo hunter. González was illiterate and his democratic election marks the only time New Mexico elected an Indian to the governorship. González was likely born a Genízaro father and Taos Pueblo mother, although his exact background is still debated by scholars, who compared his groundbreaking position to Benito Juárez a generation later. He replaced unpopular Mexican governor Albino Pérez before his replacement by Montoya. Both González and Pérez were killed during the rebellion, but Montoya would survive to lead the Taos Revolt ten years later. The revolt underlined how increased isolation from Mexico City combined with "Mexico's declarations of political equality for all ethnic groups" increased Pueblo and Hispano cooperation in Mexican New Mexico—"the two groups ousted the governor and briefly established an Independent state—the Cantón—with an Indian serving as its governor.

## Governor of New Mexico

When José González became Governor he floated a plan to invite foreigners to join the rebellion and annex New Mexico to the United States in return for support of the rebellion. This proposal weakened his support. The Taos Priest Antonio José Martínez was sympathetic to the revolt. Despite military superiority, the revolt failed when Pablo Montoya of Taos turned in González in return for amnesty for his faction.
# N-Hydroxysuccinimide

N-Hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) is an organic compound with the formula (CH$_2$CO)$_2$NOH. It is a white solid that is used as a reagent for preparing active esters in peptide synthesis. It can be synthesized by heating succinic anhydride with hydroxylamine or hydroxylamine hydrochloride.

## Activating reagent

NHS is commonly found in organic chemistry or biochemistry where it is used as an activating reagent for carboxylic acids. Activated acids (carboxylates) can react with amines to form amides for example, whereas a normal carboxylic acid would just form a salt with an amine.

## Use

A common way to synthesize an NHS-activated acid is to mix NHS with the desired carboxylic acid and a small amount of an organic base in an anhydrous solvent. A coupling reagent such as dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) or 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide (EDC) is then added to form a highly reactive activated acid intermediate. NHS reacts to create a less labile activated acid. The group is usually written as SuO- or -OSu in chemical notation. Such an ester with acid and NHS, sometimes called succinate ester, is stable enough to be purified and stored at low temperatures in the absence of water and, as such, is commercially available. NHS esters are commonly used for protein modification (e.g. an NHS ester of fluorescein is commercially available, and can be added to a protein to obtain a fluorescently labeled protein in a straightforward reaction and purification step).
NHS can be used with EDC to immobilize enzymes for biosensor applications.

## Alternatives

Some alternatives to NHS are the water-soluble analog sulfo-NHS, hydroxybenzotriazole (HOBt), 1-hydroxy-7-azabenzotriazole (HOAt), and pentafluorophenol.
# Cat o' nine tails (disambiguation)

The cat o' nine tails is a type of multi-tailed whip.
Cat o' nine tails may also refer to:

## Literature

* Cat O'Nine Tails (novel), a 2007 novel by Julia Golding
* Cat O'Nine Tails, a 1972 novel by Paul Gillette

## Other uses

* Typha latifolia, a perennial herbaceous plant commonly named "cat-o'-nine-tails"
* The Cat o' Nine Tails, a 1971 Italian film
* "Cat O' Nine Tails", a song by John Zorn from the 1999 album The String Quartets
# Catephia pyramidalis

Catephia pyramidalis is a species of moth of the family Erebidae. It is found in Kenya.
The wingspan is 24–30 mm. The forewings are grey, suffused and irrorated with dark brown. The subbasal line is black and sinuous. The antemedial line is black and waved and the claviform spot is defined by black. The orbicular is defined by black and has a blackish point in the centre. The reniform spot has a blackish centre defined on the inner side by white and black lines and on the outer side by white. The medial line is blackish and there is a triangular whitish shade from the postmedial part of the costa to beyond the reniform. The postmedial line is black and strongly bent outwards below costa, then excurved with a curve inwards at the discal fold, with a sinuous dark line beyond it, and some white points on the costa. The subterminal line is dark brown and waved. The veins of the terminal area have slight dark streaks and there is a terminal series of small black lunules. The hindwings are white, the veins and inner area tinged with brown and the terminal area broadly fuscous brown.
# 2-Fluoronitrobenzene

2-Fluoronitrobenzene is an organic compound with the formula FC$_6$H$_4$NO$_2$. It is one of three isomeric fluoronitrobenzenes. A colorless liquid, it is prepared from 2-nitrochlorobenzene using the Halex process:
    O$_2$NC$_6$H$_4$Cl + KF → O$_2$NC$_6$H$_4$F + KCl
# Iwaki Province (1868)

Iwaki (磐城国, Iwaki-no kuni) was an old province in the area that is today Fukushima Prefecture. It was sometimes called Banshū (磐州).

## History

* This iteration of Iwaki Province was established during the Meiji Era. It was cut out of Mutsu Province and corresponded to the eastern part of what is now modern Fukushima Prefecture on December 17 of 1868 of Japanese calendar, which is January 19, 1869 of Gregorian calendar. Its population in 1872 was 348,608.

## Historical districts

Iwaki Province consisted of fourteen districts:
* Miyagi Prefecture
** Igu District (伊具郡)
** Katta District (刈田郡)
** Watari District (亘理郡)
* Fukushima Prefecture
** Nakadōri Region, Fukushima
*** Ishikawa District (石川郡)
*** Shirakawa District (白川郡, a.k.a. Higashishirakawa or East Shirakawa)
*** Shirakawa District (白河郡, a.k.a. Nishishirakwa or West Shirakawa)
*** Tamura District (田村郡)
** Hamadōri Region, Fukushima
*** Iwaki District (磐城郡) - absorbed Iwasaki and Kikuta Districts to become a new and expanded Iwaki District (石城郡) on April 1, 1896
*** Iwasaki District (磐前郡) - merged into Iwaki District (along with Kikuta District) on April 1, 1896
*** Kikuta District (菊多郡) - merged into Iwaki District (along with Iwasaki District) on April 1, 1896
*** Namekata District (行方郡) - merged with Uda District to become Sōma District on April 1, 1896
*** Naraha District (楢葉郡) - merged with Shineha District to become Futaba District on April 1, 1896
*** Shineha District (標葉郡) - merged with Naraha District to become Futaba District on April 1, 1896
*** Uda District (宇多郡) - merged with Namekata District to become Sōma District on April 1, 1896
# Jacob Vanderpool

Jacob Vanderpool was an African-American who is the only known person to be expelled from Oregon under their exclusion laws.
Vanderpool, a sailor from the West Indies, came to Oregon in 1850 on board a ship called the Louisiana. Vanderpool came to Oregon to launch a career in business. After being denied a land claim because he was black, Vanderpool opened a saloon, restaurant and boarding home in Oregon City. However, the book Peculiar Paradise states that his businesses were located in Salem, across the street from the offices of the Oregon Statesman. On August 20, 1851, a settler named Theophilus Magruder identified Vanderpool as a "mulatto" and lodged a complaint that Vanderpool was in violation of the second exclusion act, passed on September 21, 1849. This second exclusion law was passed specifically to target African American seamen who may be tempted to jump ship. US Marshal Joseph L. Meek arrested Vanderpool before his expulsion from the state.

## Legal case

In the trial of Theophilus Magruder v. Jacob Vanderpool, the defense attorney argued that the exclusion law, passed in 1849, was unconstitutional because it had not been legally approved by the legislature. In addition, the law was put in place to prevent black people from moving to Oregon, not removing those people of color who had already established residency. Therefore, the law did not apply to Vanderpool. The prosecution called three witnesses to verify the date Vanderpool arrived in Oregon Country. The testimonies of all three witnesses, however, were vague. Nevertheless, the next day, Judge Thomas Nelson (who was also the first to hear Holmes v. Ford) found Vanderpool guilty of violating the exclusion law and ordered him to leave the territory within thirty days. Vanderpool was removed from the region by a court-appointed official. Only six days elapsed from the time he was accused of violating the exclusion law to his expulsion.

## After expulsion

There is no formal record of what happened to Vanderpool after he left Oregon, nor are there any pictures of him. It is possible that he moved to San Francisco to work as a hardware packer, since the 1870 Census recorded a fifty-year-old man named Jacob Vanderpool living in that city with a woman named Mary Vanderpool.
# Roger Ream

Roger R. Ream (born November 12, 1954, in Neenah, Wisconsin, United States) is the president of The Fund for American Studies (TFAS), a nonprofit organization with a mission to "develop courageous leaders inspired and equipped to protect and advance the ideas of individual liberty, personal responsibility, and economic freedom in their communities and throughout the world."

## Education

Ream received his bachelor's degree from Vanderbilt University in 1977. He also did graduate work in economics at George Mason University.
While at Vanderbilt, Ream received a Barry M. Goldwater Scholarship to attend The Fund for American Studies Institute on Political and Economic Systems at Georgetown University in Washington, D.C., during the summer of 1976. He was named John and Virginia Engalitcheff Outstanding Young American at the program. During the summer he interned for Congressman Philip M. Crane (R-Ill).

## Early career

Upon graduation from college, Ream returned to Washington to work for the American Conservative Union. He joined the Phil Crane for president committee in 1978. He then became a senior staff member and served as director of seminars for the Foundation for Economic Education in Irvington, New York. Returning to Washington in 1982, Ream joined the staff of Rep. Ron Paul, handling tax and budget policy issues. In 1984, Ream helped found and served as vice president for development at Citizens for a Sound Economy, an economic policy organization in Washington, D.C.

## The Fund for American Studies

In 1991, he joined The Fund for American Studies as executive vice president and was named president and chief operating officer in 1998. Ream is the host of The Fund for American Studies' Liberty + Leadership podcast.
Ream was a founding member of the Frank S. Meyer Society and serves as its secretary. He served as the chairman of the Board of the Foundation for Economic Education and the U.S. Air Force Academy Foundation. He is a past president of the Philadelphia Society and a member of the advisory board of Talent Market.
Ream is the recipient of the Bradley Foundation's Bradley Prize and a member of the Citizens' Stamp Advisory Committee.

## Personal life

Ream was born to Rev. Norman S. Ream and Muriel Ream on November 12, 1954, in Neenah, Wisconsin. He grew up just outside Milwaukee, Wisconsin, in the suburb of Wauwatosa. He and his wife, Mary Kay, had three daughters. Mary Kay died of progressive supranuclear palsy in 2023.
# Roger Redgate

Roger Redgate (born 1958) is a British composer, conductor and improvisor. Born in Bolton, he began his musical training at Chetham's School of Music in Manchester, then attended the Royal College of Music where he studied with Edwin Roxburgh and Lawrence Casserley. Under a DAAD (German Academic Exchange) scholarship he also studied with Brian Ferneyhough and Klaus Huber in Freiburg. In 1984, with the new complexity composers Richard Barrett and Michael Finnissy, he co-founded Ensemble Exposé.
Redgate has worked in the fields of jazz, improvised music, film and television. His piano works have been recorded by Nicolas Hodges.
In September 1996 Redgate took up the position of Professor in Composition and Director, Contemporary Music Research at Goldsmiths, University of London. His compositions are published by Editions Henry Lemoine, Paris, United Music Publishers, London and the Associated Board of the Royal Schools of Music.
# Roger Raveel

Roger Henri Kamiel, Knight Raveel (15 July 1921 – 30 January 2013) was a Belgian painter, whose work is often associated with pop art because of its depiction of everyday objects. Raveel's style evolved throughout his career, from abstract to figurative.
Raveel was born in Machelen-aan-de-Leie, Belgium, and trained in the academies of Ghent and Deinze. After 1952 he began to use large white spaces. A central theme in his work was the opposition of fiction and reality. In 1976 he created a large wall painting in the Brussels metro station Mérode. Portraits of his first wife and favourite model Zulma, to whom he was married until her death in 2009, were a running motif throughout his work.
Raveel died on 30 January 2013 in Deinze, at the age of 91. On 15 July 2016, Google Doodle commemorated his 95th birthday.

## Works

* Raveel, Mural 2., 1966, painting on a wall, in the basements of castle Beervelde, Belgium
* Raveel, Ensor, vive la Sociale?, 1976, mural in the Brussels' Merode metro station
* Raveel, Hugo Claus monument, 1993, sculpture of stainless steel + poem-line of Hugo Claus, Watou in Belgium
# Kalinagar railway station

Kalinagar railway station is a railway station on Bandel–Katwa line connecting from Bandel to Katwa, and under the jurisdiction of Howrah railway division of Eastern Railway zone. It is situated beside State Highway 6, Kalinagar, Purba Bardhaman district in the Indian state of West Bengal. Number of EMU and few Passenger trains stop at Kalinagar railway station.

## History

The Hooghly–Katwa Railway constructed a line from Bandel to Katwa in 1913. This line including Kalinagar railway station was electrified in 1994–96 with 25 kV overhead line.
# Jacques Guiaud

Jacques Guiaud (17 May 1810, Chambéry - 24 April 1876, Paris) was a French painter and engraver; known for landscapes, cityscapes, historical scenes and assorted watercolors.

## Biography

His family was originally from Marseille. Joseph-François Guiaud [fr], his father, was an actor with the Sociétaires of the Comédie-Française. His mother, Marie-Louise-Victoire de Brecq was an artist. He was born in Chambéry while they were on a business trip.
His first art lessons were with Louis Étienne Watelet and Léon Cogniet. He was also influenced by the landscape painter, Jules Dupré. In 1834, he obtained his first major commission: seven tableaux of historical scenes to decorate the Empire Rooms at the Château de Versailles. King Louis-Philippe I bought his painting "The Pas-Bayard at Dinant". He held an exhibit at almost every Salon from 1831 until his death; winning several awards.
He made numerous trips, including a major one to Italy in 1836. After settling in Nice in 1847, where he gave drawing lessons, he travelled to Switzerland, Belgium, Germany, Denmark and along the Manche (English Channel). Many of his works were created for wealthy foreigners who came to vacation on the Côte d'Azur; such as Princess Sophie of Sweden.
In 1860, he and his family moved to Paris. Five years later, he was among several artists chosen to decorate the Château de Fontainebleau; for which he produced some forested landscapes. he continued to travel; adding Spain and Mallorca to his list of places visited. During this period, he also produced engravings for several magazines, including Le Tour du Monde, the Journal des Artistes and L'Illustration. In addition, he created lithographs to illustrate books; including some of the 7,000 that appeared in Voyages pittoresques et romantiques dans l'ancienne France [fr] by Baron Isidore Taylor.
His works may be seen in museums throughout France; notably the Musée Carnavalet, which has seven of his paintings with scenes from the Siege of Paris.

## Selected paintings

* The Palace of the Corps Législatif after the Last Sitting
* The Calvary at Tronoën
* Léon Gambetta Departing on the Armand-Barbès
* Bridge Architecture in Italy
# OSFA

OSFA may refer to:
* Ozark Science Fiction Association (St. Louis, Missouri)
* Office of Student Financial Aid (or Financial Assistance), at institutions of higher education
* Oklahoma State Firefighters Association
* Old Scholars Football Association
* One size fits all
** One Size Fits All (Frank Zappa album), a 1975 album by Frank Zappa
* Orthopedic Surgery of the Foot and Ankle
# Ocean Parkway

Ocean Parkway may refer to:
* Ocean Parkway (Brooklyn), a boulevard in the west-central portion of the New York City borough of Brooklyn
** Ocean Parkway (BMT Brighton Line), an express station on the New York City Subway's BMT Brighton Line
* Ocean Parkway (Long Island), a parkway that traverses Jones Beach Island between Jones Beach State Park and Captree State Park on Long Island, New York
# Obion, Tennessee

Obion is a town in Obion County, Tennessee, United States, along the Obion River. The population was 1,119 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Union City, TN–KY Micropolitan Statistical Area.

## History

Originally called Obion Station, the community was started in 1872 on land owned by William M. Wilson. The town was a stop on the Chesapeake, Ohio & Southwestern Railroad.

## Geography

Obion is located at 36°15′55″N 89°11′32″W﻿ / ﻿36.26528°N 89.19222°W﻿ / 36.26528; -89.19222 (36.265406, -89.192299).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 1.2 square miles (3.1 km$^2$), all land.

## Demographics
### 2020 census

Obion racial composition :
| Race | Num. | Perc. |
| White (non-Hispanic) | 872 | 87.99% |
| Black or African American (non-Hispanic) | 53 | 5.35% |
| Asian | 2 | 0.2% |
| Other/Mixed | 32 | 3.23% |
| Hispanic or Latino | 32 | 3.23% |
As of the 2020 United States census, there were 991 people, 514 households, and 316 families residing in the town.

### 2000 census

As of the census of 2000, there were 1,134 people, 475 households, and 326 families residing in the town. The population density was 949.1 inhabitants per square mile (366.4/km$^2$). There were 528 housing units at an average density of 441.9 per square mile (170.6/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the town was 93.12% White, 5.64% African American, 0.09% Native American, 0.09% Asian, 0.09% Pacific Islander, 0.09% from other races, and 0.88% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.44% of the population.
There were 475 households, out of which 28.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 51.8% were married couples living together, 12.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 31.2% were non-families. 28.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 16.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.39 and the average family size was 2.92.
In the town, the population was spread out, with 23.5% under the age of 18, 8.3% from 18 to 24, 26.1% from 25 to 44, 24.2% from 45 to 64, and 17.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 89.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 86.5 males.
The median income for a household in the town was $28,958, and the median income for a family was $36,447. Males had a median income of $30,667 versus $20,066 for females. The per capita income for the town was $14,764. About 13.8% of families and 19.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 25.3% of those under age 18 and 22.0% of those age 65 or over.

## Industry

Obion is home to a 120 million gallon per year ethanol plant operated by Green Plains Renewable Energy Inc.

## Media
### Radio Stations

* WENK-AM 1240 - "The Greatest Hits of All Time"
* WWGY 99.3 - "Today's Best Music with Ace & TJ in the Morning"

## Education

It is in the Obion County School District.
# Ocotea cymbarum

Ocotea cymbarum is a species of Ocotea in the plant family Lauraceae. It is an evergreen tree found in Brazil, Colombia, French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname, and Venezuela.

## Medical uses

The essential oils from Ocotea cymbarum are often used in the synthesis of MDMA (contracted form of 3,4-methylenedioxy-methamphetamine); a psychoactive drug of the substituted methylenedioxyphenethylamine and substituted amphetamine classes of drugs that is consumed primarily for its euphoric and empathogenic effects. Pharmacologically, MDMA acts as a serotonin-norepinephrine-dopamine releasing agent and reuptake inhibitor.
# O Canto da Sereia

O Canto da Sereia (English: Siren's Song) is a Brazilian miniseries produced and broadcast by Rede Globo in 2013. Starring Ísis Valverde, Marcos Palmeira, João Miguel, Fabíula Nascimento, Marcos Caruso, Marcelo Médici, Fábio Lago, Gabriel Braga Nunes and Camila Morgado.

## Cast

| Actor/Actress | Character |
| Ísis Valverde | Sereia Maria de Oliveira |
| Marcos Palmeira | Agostinho Matoso (Augustão) |
| Camila Morgado | Mara Moreira |
| João Miguel | Beroaldo (Só Love) |
| Fabiula Nascimento | Mãe Marina de Oxum |
| Gabriel Braga Nunes | Paulinho de Jesus |
| Marcos Caruso | Juracy Bandeira (Dr. Jotabê) |
| Marcelo Médici | Artur Tavares da Silva (Tuta) |
| Fábio Lago | Vavá de Zefa |
| Guilherme Silva | Jorge Luiz Santana (Jorge de Ogum) |
| Margareth Menezes | Marta Pimenta |
| Zezé Motta | Tia Celeste |
| Marcélia Cartaxo | Salete |
| Frank Menezes | Juarez |
| AC Costa | Geraldo da Silva |
| Antonio Fábio | Rúbens Marques |
| Val Perré | Maicon Santos (Dedé) |

## International Broadcasts

| Channel | Title | Premiere | End | Weekly Schedule | Hour |
| Rede Globo | O Canto da Sereia | January 8, 2013 | January 11, 2013 | Tuesday to Friday | 23:00 |
| Globo Portugal | O Canto da Sereia | April 22, 2013 | April 25, 2013 | Monday to Thursday | 22:30 |
| SBS 6 | Siren's Song | July 1, 2014 | July 2, 2014 | Tuesday and Wednesday | 23:00 |
| Teledoce | El Canto de la Sirena | January 13, 2015 | January 22, 2015 | Tuesday to Thursday | 22:30 |
| Telemetro | El Canto de la Sirena | | | | |
| Montage TV | Siren's Song | | | | |
# Kang Yun-mi

Kang Yun-mi may refer to:
* Kang Yun-mi (speed skater) (born 1988), South Korean short track speed skater
* Kang Yun-mi (gymnast) (born 1988), North Korean artistic gymnast