OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# John Sophocleus

John Peter Sophocleus is an American economist and libertarian political activist.

## Career in economics

Sophocleus has taught economics at Clemson University, Auburn University, and Auburn University Montgomery. He has been twice nominated to the Who's Who Among American Teachers. He is an adjunct faculty member of the Mises Institute and occasionally lectures there, usually on United States tariff history. Sophocleus generally teaches the principles of microeconomics.
His 1988 article "The Social Cost of Rent-seeking" with David Laband, published in Public Choice, has been cited by Peter Leeson, Gordon Tullock and others.

## Political efforts

In 1996, he was the Libertarian Party candidate for U.S. House of Representatives in Alabama's 3rd congressional district, opposing Republican Bob Riley.
In 2002, Sophocleus entered the Alabama gubernatorial race on the Libertarian Party of Alabama's ticket against incumbent Don Siegelman and previous opponent Bob Riley. In the 2002 race, which was one of the closest in Alabama's history, Sophocleus received 23,242 votes (~2%), a number which was greater than the margin of victory in the race.
According to a 16 November 2002 New York Times editorial by John J. Miller:
   The only reason the governor's race in Alabama was so close this year as to be disputed beyond election night was that the Libertarian candidate, John Sophocleus, attracted 23,000 votes.
On 8 June 2006, in the wake of Stephen P. Gordon's acceptance of a position with the national Libertarian Party and subsequent resignation from the LPA Executive Committee, Sophocleus was named Vice-Chairman of the Libertarian Party of Alabama.
In May 2022, Sophocleus was nominated by the Libertarian Party for the 2022 United States Senate election in Alabama after the party gained ballot access in the general election.

## Eminent domain conflict

Beginning in 1998, Sophocleus was involved in litigation with the State of Alabama, the Alabama Department of Transportation, and others over the eminent domain seizure of his US Highway 280 home, near The Bottle, Alabama. Sophocleus contended that the state acted improperly by evicting him and allowing highway workers to live in his house for several months (while he still held legal title to the home) rather than immediately demolishing it as was stated would happen in United States district court.
# John Soreth

John Soreth (1394 – 1471) was a French Carmelite friar and became a Prior General of the Order of Carmelites.
John Soreth was born near Caen in Normandy, France in 1394 and entered the Carmelite house there. Ordained priest around 1417, he became a doctor of theology in Paris in 1438 and then regent of studies there. He was Provincial of the French Province from 1440-1451 and Prior General of the Order from 1451 until his death.
He was unflagging in his efforts at renewal, during what was an especially critical period for both the Church and the Order. He dedicated himself entirely to the reform of the Order, travelling across Europe, making canonical visitations and promoting a more faithful observance of religious life both in the older Provinces and convents and in the Mantuan Reformed Congregation. He wrote a commentary on the Rule, his Expositio paranetica, and published new revised Constitutions in 1462. Among his other activities was the encouragement and establishment of the Carmelite nuns, especially following the papal bull "Cum Nulla" of Nicholas V issued in 1452. In particular, he supported the foundations in Northern Europe made by Blessed Frances d'Amboise, whom he himself clothed in the Carmelite habit. In addition - as a result of the same papal bull - he was instrumental in the development of the Lay Carmelite Third Order.
He died at Angers on 25 July 1471 and the Carmelite, Baptist Spagnoli, the famous humanist, wrote an elegy for him. He is called blessed and his cult was officially recognized by Pope Pius IX in 1866. His feast is celebrated on 24 July.
# Galan, Hautes-Pyrénées

Galan (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Hautes-Pyrénées department in south-western France.

## Geography

The Petite Baïse flows northward through the middle of the commune.
# Garantiana

Garantiana is a genus of ammonites from the Bajocian stage at the beginning of the Middle Jurassic, included in the family Stephanoceratidae.

## Description

Garantiana is strongly ribbed and generally evolute. The inner whorls are exposed in a wide and fairly deep umbilicus. Ribs arise at the umbilical margin and split in two (bifurcate) about midway up the sides and cross over the outer (ventral) rim.
Garantiana was named by d'Orbigny, 1845. The type species is Garantiana garantiana, which comes from France. Related genera include Orthogarantiana Pseudogarantiana, and Strenoceras.
# Garant (surname)

Garant is a surname. People with this last name include:
* Alain Garant (born 1952), Canadian politician
* Kevin Garant (born 1963), American guitarist, composer, and sound designer.
* Robert Ben Garant (born 1970), American actor, comedian, writer, director and producer.
* Serge Garant (1929–1986), Canadian composer, conductor, academic, and radio host.
* Sylvie Garant (born 1957), French Canadian model
# Gammage

Gammage can refer to:
* Johnny Gammage (died 1995), American motorist who died in police custody
* Grady Gammage (1892–1959), American university president
* Robert Gammage (born 1938), American politician
* The Gammage Cup, Newbery Honor-winning children's book
* Gammage Auditorium, building on the campus of Arizona State University named for Grady Gammage
# John Spinks (photographer)

John Spinks is a British photographer, living in London. He has made the books Factories (2010), The New Village (2017) and Harrowdown Hill (2023).

## Life and work

Spinks grew up in a village in North Warwickshire. He studied photography at West Surrey College of Art and Design in Farnham, Surrey and now lives in London.
Factories, made in conjunction with menswear brand Albam, includes portraits of workers, the machines they operate and their personalised tools, in British factories making clothes for the company.
The New Village was made in the former mining village in which Spinks grew up. The book includes, in the words of Sean O'Hagan in The Guardian, "full-length portraits of individual inhabitants interspersed with almost deadpan photographs of the ordinary houses that they live in", as well as "the indeterminate stretches of land where suburban housing estates end and the English countryside begins". It was made over 17 years using an 8×10 view camera.

## Publications

* Factories. Albam, 2010. OCLC 1008420313. Includes an interview with Spinks by Jim Campbell. Edition of 500 copies.
* The New Village. London: Bemojake, 2017. ISBN 978-0-9955238-0-7. With an Essay by David Chandler. Edition of 650 copies.
* Harrowdown Hill. Sete; Lugo Land, 2023. ISBN 978-88-944491-8-1.
# Casierius

Casierius is an extinct genus of marine ray-finned fish that lived during the Albian stage of the Early Cretaceous epoch. It was a relative of the modern bonefish in the extinct family Phyllodontidae, although some authorities consider it either a true albulid (making it even more closely related to bonefish) or a very early eel. It contains a single species, C. heckeli, known from the Glen Rose Formation near Hood County, Texas.
# Gary Wozniak

Gary Wozniak (born November 27, 1987) is an American skeleton racer who won the gold medal at the 2012 Empire State Games in Lake Placid, New York.
# John de Graham (died 1337)

Sir John de Graham of Dalkeith, Abercorn & Eskdale (1278–1337) was a 13th-14th century Scottish noble.
John, born in 1278, was the son of Nicholas de Graham of Dalkeith and Abercorn and Mary de Strathearn.
He fought at the Battle of Bannockburn against the English on 23–24 June 1314 and as a result had his Northumberland estates confiscated. King Edward II of England denounced John as an enemy and rebel, and granted his Scottish lands to Hugh le Despenser. He signed the Declaration of Arbroath in 1320.
John died on 25 April 1337.

## Family and issue

John married Isabella, and had the following known issue:
* Sir John de Graham, last of Dalkeith, Abercorn, and Eskdale, died without issue; resigned Dalkeith in favor of William Douglas of Laudonia 6 Jan 1343
* Sybilla de Graham, married Reginald de Mure, had issue. Abercorn passed to the Mure family.
* Isabel de Graham, married Walter Stewart, 6th High Steward of Scotland as his second wife, had issue.
* Margaret de Graham, married William Douglas, Lord of Liddesdale as his 1st wife.

## Citations

* ↑ Calendar, p.476, https://archive.org/details/calendarofdocume02grea/page/476/mode/1up
* ↑ Balfour, pp. 195-197
* ↑ Registrum, pp. 44-45
* ↑ Balfour, pp. 195-197
* ↑ Balfour, pp. 195-197
# Pigskin

Pigskin may refer to:
* Pork rind, the culinary term for pigskin
* Ball (gridiron football) (also a pigskin), a ball, roughly in the form of a prolate spheroid, used in the context of playing gridiron football
* Pigskin (video game), a 1979 video game by Acorn Software Products for the TRS-80
* Pigskin 621 A.D., an arcade game released in 1990 by Midway Manufacturing
* "Pigskin", the sixth song from the 2013 Hollywood Undead album Notes from the Underground
# John Ros, 7th Baron Ros

John Ros, 7th Baron Ros of Helmsley (c.1397 – 22 March 1421) was an English nobleman.
He was the eldest son of William Ros, 6th Baron Ros, and Margaret Fitzalan (d. 3 July 1438), the daughter of John FitzAlan, 1st Baron Arundel, by Eleanor Maltravers (d. 3 July 1438), younger daughter and coheir of Sir John Maltravers.
He served as a soldier of Henry V of England during the Hundred Years' War. Six years after the Battle of Agincourt, John participated in the Battle of Baugé. He was among the casualties along with his brother William Ros, Thomas of Lancaster, Duke of Clarence, the governor of Normandy and others. He was buried at the Belvoir Priory.

## Marriage

John de Ros married Margery le Despencer, daughter and heiress of Philip le Despencer, 2nd Baron le Despencer, but had no issue by her. After his death, Margery married Roger Wentworth (d. 24 October 1452), esquire, younger son of John Wentworth of Elmsall, Yorkshire, by whom she had issue. She was fined £1000 for having contracted a dishonourable marriage far beneath her station.

## Ancestry

Ancestors of John Ros, 7th Baron Ros :

## Footnotes

* ↑ Debrett's Peerage, 1968, p. 347
* ↑ Cokayne 1949, pp. 102–3; Richardson III 2011, pp. 455–7.
* ↑ Richardson III 2011, p. 456.
# Justice Weekly

Justice Weekly was a popular Canadian tabloid magazine that was published weekly from 1946 until 1973. It was based in Toronto, Ontario. It featured news about Canadian and international criminal justice cases and issues concerned with punishment (especially corporal punishment) in institutional and domestic environments. Copies of all or part are still present in a few libraries.
Justice Weekly also featured considerable erotically-oriented content particularly concerned with discipline and cross-dressing themes of particular interest to fetishism enthusiasts. Several selections of such content have been separately printed.
Justice Weekly ceased publication when its publisher retired. A volume has since been published calling itself a "stylistic but uncensored tribute to the legendary Justice Weekly, which featured some of the best letters ever written on these subjects".
# Cayambe Coca National Park

Cayambe Coca National Park is a national park in Ecuador located along the Equator about 38 km (24 mi) from Quito. The park encompasses an area of 4,031.03 km$^2$ (996,090 acres).

## The reserve

The park includes two very different regions of Ecuador, the high altitude sierra with Cayambe volcano and the hot, humid rainforest of the Amazon basin as well as the intervening temperate cloud forest. There are three entrances, and the one chosen by the visitor will reflect which region they wish to visit because there are few tracks within the park. The entrance near the town of Cayambe in Pichincha Province provides access to the mountain. The high level "Ruales-Oleas-Bergé Refuge" is a mountain hut with accommodation for those who wish to climb the volcano, while other attractions include lakes, waterfalls and forests. An entrance near Papallacta in Napo Province provides access to the forests and lakelets in the Andean foothills and the Páramo, an area of tropical, montane vegetation above the treeline. A third entrance near Santa Rosa de Quijos provided access to the formerly spectacular San Rafael Falls, once the highest waterfall in the country.

## Fauna

Large birds such as the Andean condor and variable hawk are commonplace in the skies above the reserve. Spectacled bears, foxes, and deer are some of the larger animals of the reserve. Páramo rabbits and armadillos are among the smaller fauna. There are 106 species of mammals, including the mountain tapir, cougar and culpeo, 395 species of birds, 70 reptiles, and 116 amphibians.

## Flora

Local habitat types include the grasslands of the páramo and montane cloud forests. Bunchgrasses, ferns, and lycopods are common plants. There are over 100 species of endemic plants.

## Culture

There are indigenous communities living within the protected area such as the Quechua people of Oyacachi in the Napo Province and the Cofán people of Sinangoé in the Sucumbíos Province.

## Tourist attractions

* Papallacta, which features hot springs and highland prairies frequented for fishing and bird watching.
* Cayambe Canton, which is the site of the Pambamarca pre-Incan structures, the Sun and Moon temples in Puntiatsil, and part of the Inca Trail.
* The snow-topped Cayambe volcano.
* Lake Puruhanta, which has trails, and camping, and is the site of ancient ruins called la Mesa.
* Lago San Marcos
* San Rafael Waterfall on Coca River, until recently, the tallest waterfall in Ecuador, with a height of 131 metres (430 ft).
** On February 2, 2020 the water stopped flowing, the result of a sinkhole nearby which divided the cascade into three streams which are no longer easily observed.
* Quijos Valley
* The summits Sarahurco (4,725 metres (15,502 ft)) and Cerro Puntas (4,452 metres (14,606 ft)) and the Reventador Volcano (3485 m)
* The virgin forests of Paquiestancia and Cascade of Buga (3500 m)
# Carla Giuliano

Carla Giuliano (born 2 April 1983) is an Italian politician. She was elected as a member of the Five Star Movement and has sat in the Chamber of Deputies since 2018.

## Biography

She was born in San Severo.
# NSBA

NABA may refer to:
* National Snaffle Bit Association
* National School Boards Association
* National Survey of Black Americans
# Player tracking (National Basketball Association)

Player tracking refers to technologies used to track players and the ball (if applicable) in various sports. The National Basketball Association (NBA) first tracked all games at the start of the 2013-14 NBA season. Second Spectrum is the current Official Optical Tracking Provider of the NBA and began league-wide tracking in the 2017-18 NBA season, replacing STATS SportVU which previously held the league-wide contract.

## Technology

The NBA (via Second Spectrum) uses an optical tracking system that leverages multiple cameras placed in the catwalks in all 29 NBA arenas. The cameras receive and update data at a rate of 25 frames per second. The cameras feed the data into proprietary software, where computer vision algorithms extract positional data for all players on the court and the ball.

## Statistics

The NBA provides a variety of statistics to the public based on the data produced by player tracking to the public on its website. This includes information for players covering categories such as drives, defensive impact, catch and shoot, passing, touches, pull up shooting, rebounding, shooting efficiency, speed, and post ups among others. Similar information is available for teams.
In addition, more sophisticated and detailed tools are available to teams and broadcasters that are not currently available to the public.
Player tracking systems introduce many new statistics, automate the collection of data and provide precision which would be impossible without the use of camera technology and tracking software.
Statistics collected, and available to view during the game and throughout the season include (all statistics are per player):
* Speed and Distance - the speed, distance covered, average speed and distance travelled per game.
* Touches/possession - touches per game, points per touch (PTS per touch) and total touches.
* Passing - passes per game, points created by assist per game, total assists.
* Defensive impact (this stat tracks blocks, steals and "defending the basket" defined as "a defender within 5 feet of the basket and 5 feet of the shooter") - Opposition Field Goal Percentage at the Rim, Opposition Field Goals made at the rim per game, total blocks.
* Rebounding opportunities (rebounds collected "within a 3.5-foot vicinity") - rebound chances per game, percentage of available rebounds grabbed, total rebounds.
* Drives (defined as "any touch that starts at least 20 feet of the hoop and is dribbled within 10 feet of the hoop, excluding fast breaks") - points per game on drives, team points per game on drives, total player points on drives.
* Catch and Shoot (definition: "any jump shot outside of 10 feet where a player possessed the ball for 2 seconds or less and took no dribbles") - catch and shoot points per game, catch and shoot 3-point field goals made per game, total catch and shoot points.
* Pull up shots (definition: "any jump shot outside 10 feet where a player took 1 or more dribbles before shooting") - pull up shots points per game, pull up shots 3-point field goals made per game, total pull up shots points.
# Indian Meteorological Society

The Indian Meteorological Society is an Indian non-profit organisation that promotes the advancement, dissemination, and application of meteorology and related sciences.
The society was established in 1956.
# Indian Meritorious Service Medal

The Indian Meritorious Service Medal refers to one of two different awards:
* Indian Meritorious Service Medal (for Europeans of Indian Army), established by the East India Company in 1848 for European non-commissioned officers in service to the company army. Later awarded to European non-commissioned officers in service to British Indian Army until 1873.
* Indian Meritorious Service Medal (for Indian Army), established in 1888 by the British Raj for award to native Indian non-commissioned officers serving in the Indian Army.
# Independent water and power plant

An independent water and power plant (IWPP) or an integrated water and power project is a combined facility which serves as both a desalination plant and a power plant. IWPPs are more common in the Middle East, where demand for both electricity and salt water desalinisation are high.
Independent water and power producers negotiate both a feed-in power tariff and a water tariff in the same deal with the utility company, who also purchases both products. IWPPs tend to have an installed capacity of over 1 gigawatt (1,000 megawatts) and generates power in a typical thermal power station setup. Seawater is purified by integrating MSF, MED, TVC, or RO water desalination technologies with the power plant, thus increasing overall efficiency.
# A.D. Municipal

Asociacion Deportivo Municipal Juayúa, also known simply as A.D. Municipal, is a professional football club based in Juayúa, El Salvador.

## History

A.D. Municipal last played in the Salvadoran Second Division in 2010, when they were relegated after finishing bottom of Group A. They then played their home games in Nahuizalco.

## Notable coaches

* Manuel Molina (1959)
* Julio Magaña (1975)
* Jorge Wilmer Patrick (2002)
* Ricardo Antonio López (2003)
* Ricardo "Coneja" Guardado
* Pedro Antonio Contreras
* Ángel Orellana (2007)
* Raúl Héctor Cocherari
# Pogonolepis

Pogonolepis is a genus of Australian plants in the tribe Gnaphalieae within the family Asteraceae.

## Species

As of August 2023, Plants of the World Online accepts four species:
* Pogonolepis lanigera (Ewart & Jean White) P.S.Short - Western Australia
* Pogonolepis smegma (Joseph Dixon) P.S.Short - Eastern Australia
* Pogonolepis muelleriana (Sond.) P.S.Short - New South Wales, Victoria, South Australia, Western Australia
* Pogonolepis stricta Steetz - Western Australia
As of August 2023, other sources list only three species, omitting Pogonolepis lanigera, which is treated as a synonym of Pogonolepis stricta.
# Plenodomus meliloti

Plenodomus meliloti is a plant pathogen infecting alfalfa and red clover.
# A. nobile

A. nobile may refer to:
* Aeonium nobile, a succulent subtropical plant species
* Alangium nobile, a plant species found in Indonesia, Malaysia and Singapore
# ADGRL4

Adhesion G protein-coupled receptor L4 is a latrophilin-like orphan receptor of the adhesion G protein-coupled receptor family. In humans this protein is encoded by the ADGRL4 gene. ADGRL4 appears to have a role in angiogenesis, both physiological and pathological in cancer.
# Playa de Rodas

Playa de Rodas or Praia das Rodas (Galician) is a slightly curved beach of about 700 m length on the Spanish Cíes Islands, now a national park, lying west of the city of Vigo in the Atlantic Ocean. The British newspaper The Guardian chose the beach to be the best of the world in 2007.
# NGC 830

NGC 830 is a barred lenticular galaxy in the constellation Cetus. It is estimated to be about 170 million light-years from the Milky Way and has a diameter of approximately 70,000 light years.
# AH140

Asian Highway 140 AH140 is a highway that is part of Asian Highway Network. It was never signposted in Malaysia, although it is part of Asian Highway Network. It follows Butterworth–Kulim Expressway and Malaysia Federal Route 4.
* This article related to a road in Asia is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# AH141

Asian Highway 141 is a highway that is part of Asian Highway Network. It was never signposted in Malaysia, although it is part of Asian Highway Network. It consists of New North Klang Straits Bypass New North Klang Straits Bypass, New Klang Valley Expressway, Duta–Ulu Klang Expressway (Jalan Duta–Sentul Pasar and Sentul Pasar–Greenwood), Kuala Lumpur Middle Ring Road 2 Federal Route 28(Greenwood–Gombak North Interchange), Kuala Lumpur–Karak Expressway, East Coast Expressway (Karak–Jabur) and Gebeng Bypass Federal Route 101.
# Ingøy

Ingøy or Inga is a small fishing village on the island of Ingøya in Måsøy Municipality, Finnmark county, Norway. The village lies on the northern coast of the island of Ingøya, facing the open Arctic Ocean. The village of Ingøy lies about 60 kilometres (30 nautical miles) west of the famous North Cape. The village is accessible by boat from the nearby village of Havøysund and the city of Hammerfest. Ingøy Church is located in the village.
The Ingøy radio transmitter is located about two kilometres (1+1⁄4 mi) south of Ingøy. The mast of the longwave transmitter is the tallest structure in Norway and in all of Scandinavia. In 2019 NRK shut down its long wave signals, and the mast is no longer in use. The fish processing plant owned by the Fjordlaks Company closed down in 2016, in order to focus all its business at Rolvsøya, the neighbour island. Despite interest from potential buyers, Fjordlaks refused to sell the fish plant to avoid competition.
The village of Ingøy dates back to the 14th century, perhaps earlier. Around 1520, there were about 300 residents living in the village. During the 17th century, the population declined dramatically and it has stayed sparsely populated since that time. During the fishing seasons, however, the population would increase temporarily.