OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# James Shaw (British Army officer, 20th century)

Major-General James Michael Shaw CBE is a former British Army officer who became General Officer Commanding, Theatre Troops.

## Military career

Shaw was commissioned into the Royal Corps of Signals in 1972. He served as commanding officer of 14 Signal Regiment (Electronic Warfare) during the Gulf War in 1991. He went on to be commander of 1st Signal Brigade which was deployed to Bosnia in 1996, Commander Communications and Information Systems at Headquarters Land Command in 1998 and then became General Officer Commanding, Theatre Troops in 2001 before retiring in January 2005.
# Nicholas Martin

Nicholas or Nick Martin, or Martyn may refer to:
* Nicholas Martyn (1593–1653), MP
* Nick Martin (musician) (born 1982), American musician
* Nicholas G. Martin (born 1950), behavior geneticist
* Nick Martin (educator), American technologist, entrepreneur and educator
* Nick Martin (American football) (born 1993), American football player
* Nic Martin (born 2001), Australian rules footballer
* Miklós Martin (1931–2019), Hungarian water polo player, known as Nick
* Nick R. Martin, American journalist
* Nick Martin (rugby union) (born 1946), English rugby union player
* Nicholas Martin (director) of The Cherry Orchard
* Nicholas Martin (screenwriter) of Florence Foster Jenkins (film)
* Nicholas Martin (baseball), see 2010–11 Australian Baseball League regular season
* Nicholas Martin (sailor), see 2011 ISAF Sailing World Championships – Men's 470
* Nic Martin (known professionally as UNO Stereo), Australian record producer
# James Smith House

James Smith House may refer to:
in the United States (by state)
* James Smith House (Davenport, Iowa), listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP)
* James Smith Homestead, Kennebunk, Maine, listed on the NRHP in York County, Maine
* James Smith House (Needham, Massachusetts), NRHP-listed
* James Smith House (Grandin, Missouri), listed on the NRHP in Carter County, Missouri
* James Alexander Smith and Elmarion Smith Barn and Lame-Smith House, Halsey, Oregon, NRHP-listed
# James Smith (gardener)

James Smith (fl. 1780s) was one of two gardeners trained at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, in London and sent by Joseph Banks to care for plants on a voyage to the British colony in New Holland (Australia) in 1789. Together with fellow gardener George Austin, Smith travelled on the fated storeship HMS Guardian carrying supplies to the new colony as a follow-up to the ships of the First Fleet which had arrived at Botany Bay in January 1788. The vessel was specially fitted out to carry agricultural crops to the new colony and the two gardeners were to care for the plants during the voyage. Plants were supplied by Brentford nurseryman Hugh Ronalds, at Banks' request.
# Jamuna, Nepal

Jamuna is a town and Village Development Committee in Ilam District in the Province No. 1 of eastern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 3,277 persons living in 567 individual households.
# Nicolae Mărăscu

Nicolae Mărăscu (July 1, 1898 – c. 1938) was a Romanian rugby union footballer. Born in Bucharest, he played as a centre.
Mărăscu had 5 caps for the newcomer Romania, without ever scoring, since his first match, in 1919, a 48–5 loss to France XV, in Paris, for the Inter-Allied Games, and his last, at 22 May 1927, in a 21–5 win over Czechoslovakia, in Bratislava.
The highest point of Mărăscu career was at the 1924 Olympic Tournament, when Romania, even losing to France (59–3) and the United States (39–0) still won the bronze medal by finishing in 3rd place. Mărăscu was the captain of the Romanian team. It was the last time that rugby union appeared at the Olympic Games.
He played in France for Stade Français and Olympique lillois.
# Nicholas Herbert

Nicholas Herbert may refer to:
* Nicholas Herbert (politician, died 1775) (c. 1706–1775), British politician, member of parliament for Newport, and for Wilton
* Nicholas Herbert, 3rd Baron Hemingford, British peer and journalist
* Nick Herbert (born 1963), English politician, member of parliament for Arundel and South Downs
* Nick Herbert (physicist) (born 1936), American physicist
* Nicholas Lea (Nicholas Christopher Herbert, born 1962), Canadian actor.
# Infundibulicybe

Infundibulicybe is a genus of fungi that is robustly placed incertae sedis as sister group to the Tricholomatoid clade. It has previously been part of the family of Tricholomataceae, but recent molecular phylogeny has shown it to take an isolated position within the Agaricales.

## Description

The fruitingbody of Infundibulicybe is clitocyboid and not hygrophanous. The cap diameter can vary from 1,5 to 25 cm, with some growing as large as 40 cm. Its shape can be depressed to funnel-like with a velvety to finely scaly surface. The colouration of the basidiocarp is white to pale buff to buff, pinkish buff, yellowish, yellowish brown, orange brown, reddish brown or greyish brown. The gills are decurrent to deeply decurrent. This basidiomycete smells faint, from cyanic to sweet aromatic and faintly camphor-like when fresh. The spore deposit is whitish and spores are dikaryoid, smooth, hyaline and without iodine reactions. The basidia are 4-spored, cheilocystidia are absent and clamp connections present. They grow saprotrophic on litter of leaves and needles or soil in forests, grassland and alpine habitats.
Infundibulicybe shares some characteristics with Omphalina, like the cream-reddish brown tinges of pileus and stipe, the deeply decurrent lamellae and strongly encrusting pigment. Another member of the group, I. lateritia is a rare alpine-arctic species strictly associated with Dryas octopetala (Rosaceae).

## Taxonomy

Infundibulicybe
Lyophyllaceae
Entolomataceae
Tricholomataceae :
Agaricales Phylogeny :
The group was formerly included in the genus Clitocybe, but in 2003 was erected to genus level to accommodate species for which mycelium cannot reduce nitrate and basidiospores do not adhere in tetrads, but exhibit a lacrymoid (tear-shaped) morphology, a confluent base and a cyanophobic basidiospore wall. The genus contains 19 widespread species according to the Index Fungorum and one new species I. rufa, only known from high altitude localities in southwestern China, described in 2016.
The type species of the genus, as defined by the author Harmaja, is I. gibba.

## Species

* I. alkaliviolascens
* I. altaica
* I. bresadolana
* I. catinus
* I. costata
* I. dryadum
* I. geotropa
* I. gibba
* I. gigas
* I. glareosa
* I. lapponica
* I. lateritia
* I. mediterranea
* I. meridionalis
* I. montana
* I. rufa
* I. sinopicoides
* I. splendoides
* I. squamulosa
* I. trulliformis
# Archery at the 2023 Parapan American Games – Mixed team recurve open

The mixed team recurve open competition of the archery events at the 2023 Parapan American Games was held from November 19 to 21 at the Archery Center in Santiago, Chile.

## Schedule

| Date | Time | Round |
| November 19, 2023 | 09:00 | Ranking Round |
| November 21, 2023 | 14:05 | Quarterfinals |
| November 21, 2023 | 14:40 | Semifinals |
| November 21, 2023 | 15:20 | Final |

## Results
### Ranking round

The results were as follows:
| Rank | Archer | Nation | Individual score | Total | Note |
| 1 | Mónica Daza Héctor Ramírez | Colombia | 523 621 | 1144 | PR |
| 2 | Karen Rocha Samuel Molina | Mexico | 494 642 | 1136 | |
| 3 | Candice Caesar Eric Bennett | United States | 454 628 | 1082 | |
| 4 | Daniela Campos Marco Huaytalla | Peru | 489 523 | 1012 | |
| 5 | Tercia Figueiredo Heriberto Roca | Brazil | 424 587 | 1011 | |
| 6 | Mirta Rodríguez Simon Chismak | Argentina | 280 532 | 912 | |
| 7 | Leydis Posada Alex Capó | Cuba | 416 391 | 807 | |

### Competition rounds

The results during the elimination rounds and final rounds were as follows:
| Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Final | Final | Final | Final | Final | Final | Final |
| | | | | | | | 1 | M. Daza (COL) H. Ramírez (COL) | 2 | 2 | 2 | | | | | | | |
| 5 | T. Figueiredo (BRA) H. Roca (BRA) | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 4 | D. Campos (PER) M. Huaytalla (PER) | 0 | 0 | 0 | | | | | | | |
| 4 | D. Campos (PER) M. Huaytalla (PER) | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 | | | | | | 1 | M. Daza (COL) H. Ramírez (COL) | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | |
| 3 | C. Caesar (USA) E. Bennett (USA) | 2 | 2 | 2 | | | | | | | | 3 | C. Caesar (USA) E. Bennett (USA) | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | |
| 6 | M. Rodríguez (ARG) S. Chismak (ARG) | 0 | 0 | 0 | | | 3 | C. Caesar (USA) E. Bennett (USA) | 2 | 2 | 1 |
| 7 | L. Posada (CUB) A. Capó (CUB) | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | K. Rocha (MEX) S. Molina (MEX) | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| 2 | K. Rocha (MEX) S. Molina (MEX) | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 | | | | | | Bronze medal match | Bronze medal match | Bronze medal match | Bronze medal match | Bronze medal match | Bronze medal match | Bronze medal match |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | 4 | D. Campos (PER) M. Huaytalla (PER) | 0 | 0 | 0 | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | 2 | K. Rocha (MEX) S. Molina (MEX) | 2 | 2 | 2 | | |
# Gemma (surname)

Gemma is a surname. Notable people with the name include:
* Alfred A. Gemma (born 1939), American politician
* Andrea Gemma (1931–2019), Italian Roman Catholic bishop
* Chiara Maria Gemma (born 1968), Italian politician
* Cornelius Gemma (1535–1578), Dutch physician, astronomer and astrologer
* Giuliano Gemma, (1938–2013), Italian actor
* Roberta Gemma (born 1980), Italian actress
* Vera Gemma, Italian film actress
# Gaocun Township, Sichuan

Gaocun (Mandarin: 高村乡) is a township in Pingwu County, Mianyang, Sichuan, China. In 2010, Gaocun Township had a total population of 5,334: 2,815 males and 2,519 females: 763 aged under 14, 4,006 aged between 15 and 65 and 565 aged over 65.
# North Township, Lake County, Indiana

North Township is one of 11 townships in Lake County, Indiana. As of the 2010 census, its population was 162,855 and it contained 67,828 housing units.

## History

North Township was formed in 1837 as one of the original townships of Lake County. At that time it stretched across the entire north portion of the county. Its boundaries were reduced a number of times in the 19th century, including in 1849 by the formation of Hobart Township south of the Little Calumet River and in 1883 by the formation of Calumet Township, Lake County, Indiana from the area between Hobart Township and Lake Michigan. In 2022, its boundaries expanded to include much of Griffith, which moved from Calumet Township to North Township after a lengthy dispute between Griffith and Calumet Township.
The earliest known community in North Township was Gibson, now part of Hammond, which was located near the site of the present-day Gibson Yard on the Indiana Harbor Belt railroad.

## Geography

According to the 2010 census, the township has a total area of 58.87 square miles (152.5 km$^2$), of which 53.17 square miles (137.7 km$^2$) (or 90.32%) is land and 5.7 square miles (15 km$^2$) (or 9.68%) is water.

## Municipalities

The five municipalities that lie totally within the boundaries of North Township, and their populations as of the 2010 Census, are:

### Cities

* East Chicago – 29,698
* Hammond – 80,830
* Whiting – 4,997

### Towns

* Highland – 23,727
* Munster – 23,603
In addition, the town of Griffith (population 16,893) lies primarily in North Township, although portions of it are also in St. John Township.

## Education

There are five public school districts in North Township:
* School City of East Chicago
* School City of Hammond
* School City of Whiting
* School Town of Highland
* School Town of Munster
The privately owned and operated Bishop Noll Institute is located in Hammond.
# Georg Ludwig Spalding

Georg Ludwig Spalding (8 April 1762 – 7 June 1811) was a German philologist born in Barth, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern. He was the son of theologian Johann Joachim Spalding (1714–1804).
He studied philology and theology at the Universities of Göttingen and Halle, afterwards taking an extended journey through France, England and the Netherlands. From 1787 onward, he taught classes at Grauen Kloster in Berlin.
Spalding's best written work was an edition of Quintilian's Institutio oratoria, being credited for publishing its first three volumes. Philipp Karl Buttmann (1764–1829) published the fourth volume after Spalding's death, with Karl Gottlob Zumpt (1792–1849) and Eduard Bonnell (1802–1877) continuing the series with edition of Volumes V and VI. Two other noteworthy publications by Spalding are Vindiciae philosophorum megaricorum (1792) and Midiana des Demosthenes (1794), the latter work being revised in 1823 by Philipp Buttmann.
# John Borrer

John Hamlin Borrer (date of birth unknown – 1854) was an English cricketer. Borrer's batting style is unknown. Though his date of birth is unknown, it is known he was christened at Henfield, Sussex on 2 March 1817.
While studying at the University of Oxford, Borrer made his first-class debut for Oxford University against the Marylebone Cricket Club in 1837. The following season he played a second first-class match for Oxford University against the same opposition, with both matches coming at Lord's. In that same year he made a single first-class appearance for Sussex against Kent at the Old County Ground, West Malling. He batted at number eleven in Sussex's first-innings, scoring 1 not out, while in their second-innings he was promoted to open the batting, scoring 6 runs before he was dismissed by Alfred Mynn. Borrer later made a first-class appearance for Petworth against the Marylebone Cricket Club at Lord's in 1845. He had little success in this match, scoring 2 runs at number eleven in Petworth's first-innings, before he was stumped by William Dorrinton off the bowling of William Lillywhite, while in Petworth's second-innings ended not out on 1.
He died at the village of his christening sometime in 1854. He was the nephew of the botanist William Borrer.
# Argininosuccinate synthetase 1

Argininosuccinate synthetase is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ASS1 gene.
The protein encoded by this gene catalyzes the penultimate step of the arginine biosynthetic pathway. There are approximately 10 to 14 copies of this gene including the pseudogenes scattered across the human genome, among which the one located on chromosome 9 appears to be the only functional gene for argininosuccinate synthetase. Two transcript variants encoding the same protein have been found for this gene.

## Clinical significance

Mutations in the chromosome 9 copy of ASS cause citrullinemia.
Arginine is considered a non-essential amino acid since normal cells can synthesize it from citrulline and aspartate using the enzymes argininosuccinate synthase 1 (ASS1) and argininosuccinate lyase (ASL). Consequently, depleting arginine can be an effective therapeutic approach. Notably, over 70% of tumors show reduced ASS1 transcription, making these cancer cells reliant on external sources of arginine, which forms the basis of arginine-deprivation therapy.
The investigational drug pegargiminase that degrades arginine is currently in trials for the treatment of ASS1 deficient cancers.
# Casing shoe

In oil drilling and borehole mining, a casing shoe or guide shoe is a bull-nose shaped device which is attached to the bottom of the casing string. A casing hanger, which allows the casing to be suspended from the wellhead, is attached to the top of the casing.
# Casing of the Colors

The Casing of the Colors is a traditional ceremony held by United States Army commands, brigades and regiments as well as United States Marine Corps units. Each of these units have unique flags referred to as "colors" which are carried by the color guards to represent the unit at military ceremonies.
If a unit is deactivated, the "Casing of the Colors" ceremony is held to commemorate the unit and its history which is read aloud to the formation. Afterwards, the command's sergeant major then takes the colors from the color bearer's sling, the deactivation order is read and the colors are presented to the unit commander. The unit commander and the sergeant major then proceed to lower and rotate the colors while furling them into a protective sheath thereby casing the colors. The cased colors are presented to the unit's color bearer who then carries them from the field officially ending the unit command. Cased colors for US Army units are then sent to the United States Army Center of Military History in Washington, DC.
# Casing the Promised Land

Casing the Promised Land is a novel written by the American novelist Caleb Carr. Published by Harper & Row in 1980, it was Carr's first published book, having already published several non-fiction newspaper and magazine pieces.
Acknowledging the amateur nature of the work in 1999, Carr posted the following notice on Amazon.com: "I am the author of this book. It has a few good scenes, but is essentially 'roman à clef' nonsense that every writer has to get out of his system early on. Do yourself a favor and read ANYTHING else I've written (you'll be doing me a favor, too). Forgive the follies of youth."
# Arivum Anbum

"Arivum Anbum" (transl. Knowledge and Love or transl. Wisdom and Love) is an Indian Tamil-language short film released on YouTube on April 23, 2020, in response to the COVID-19 pandemic in India which grew a lot of popularity and become a classic. The film was composed by Ghibran and the lyrics was written and the story and screenplay was written by Kamal Haasan. The film had cameos from 12 celebrities. Lydian Nadhaswaram has played the piano for the film.
The concept for "Arivum Anbum" was created and directed by Kamal Haasan and promoted by Think Music India. The song was recorded by the all artists from their homes and was later put together by Ghibran.
The lyrics of this song talk about the need to use our heart and intelligence to battle the crisis. It also tells us that selfless love is the key to overcome any kind of obstacle that we face in our life. The video also features visuals of the mass exodus of migrant labourers from cities across the country.

## Singers

* Kamal Haasan
* Ghibran
* Anirudh Ravichander
* Yuvan Shankar Raja
* Shankar Mahadevan
* Bombay Jayashri
* Sid Sriram
* Devi Sri Prasad
* Shruti Haasan
* Andrea Jeremiah
* Siddharth
* Mugen Rao

## Production

Music director Ghibran said, “One day, Kamal Haasan and I got talking. It was his idea to come up with an anthem about how the world would function post the coronavirus crisis. He suggested that I compose a tune and he would pen the lyrics for the same.” Kamal Haasan asked two-three days time to write the lyrics but ended up giving it in just three hours.
Ghibran revealed, “We started with Kamal sir’s portion and recorded lines with other singers. The toughest part of the song lies in the chorus. I launched a talent hunt of sorts and chose 37 aspiring singers to sing the chorus. Co-ordinating with them made the whole process interesting and challenging.”

## Release and reception

The song was released on Think Music India YouTube channel on 23 April 2020.
# Jonah (comics)

Jonah is a comic strip character published in the magazine The Beano. He made his first appearance in his eponymous comic strip in 1958, illustrated by Ken Reid. Although his comic strip sporadically appeared throughout the magazine, it has been published in other DC Thomson comic magazines.

## Synopsis

Jonah is a skinny, gormless, chinless wonder of a sailor, feared by other mariners because of his clumsiness. He has (accidentally) sunk every ship he has sailed on (as well as all other vessels surrounding, at times), and started a war between the nations of Gorgonzolia and Parafinalia, resulting in the utter destruction of the combined fleets of both countries (a possible reference to the Cold War).
Although unconfirmed, he has similarities to the long-established sailor's superstition, which is based on the Biblical prophet Jonah, whose ship nearly sank in a storm).

## Publication history

Jonah's series first published in issue 817, authored by an uncredited Walter Fearn and illustrated by Ken Reid. Reid's passion for the artwork over-stretched Fearn's scripts by several panels (sometimes more than 30) but are seemingly trimmed down to print on the back cover of The Beano. The strip finished after issue 1090.
Jerry Swaffield would later illustrate a one-off Jonah strip in 1988.

## Subsequent appearances
### The Beano

There have been two spin-offs. In the year Jonah ended, a new comic strip began entitled Jinx, also drawn by Ken Reid. This strip was similar to Jonah, but starred Jonah's lisping, equally clumsy sister at school; Jinx ended in 1964. Another, entitled Son of Jonah, drawn by Jerry Swaffield, appeared in The Beano from 2606 to 2957. The Jinx series would feature in The Beano Book 1965, and a reprint appeared in issue 4 of The Best of Topper.
Jonah appeared in a background cameo with Big Eggo and Jack Flash in the comic strip Lord Snooty's Day Out in issue 3093, revealing formerly popular characters known by previous generations of readers now live in the Beano Retirement Home.
The series had a one-off appearance in issue 2331, as part of the Reader's Request series. In 2014, Jonah had a supporting role in The Bash Street Kids, revealing he is Plug's uncle.
Throughout the rest of Beano's media, Jonah's stories have featured in Beano annuals between 1960 and 1964's editions, and a cameo in 2019's, as well as in The Beano Summer Special 1988.

### DC Thomson

Jonah appeared frequently outside of The Beano franchise in a variety of DC Thomson's magazines. In 1971, reprints of his Beano strips published in Hornet from issue 395, and then in the entirety of Buddy's run. New stories also appeared in The Dandy as part of "The Dandy-Beano Collection", in which a few Beano characters featured in The Dandy during 1986 and 1988, followed by new stories in The Dandy from 1993 where he meets Captain Timmy "Thick" Fogg and can shapeshift into a monster humanoid with the help of a water gypsy's magic earring. Jonah was the star of 17 Beano Comic Library books, notably meeting Puss 'n' Boots from The Topper.
# Gedi & Sons FC

Gedi & Sons Football Club is an association football club based in Monrovia, Liberia. Their home stadium is the Antonette Tubman Stadium.

## Current squad

Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.
| No. | Pos. | Nation | Player |
| — | GK | LBR | Chris Wesseh |
| — | DF | LBR | Mohammed Kamara |
| — | MF | LBR | Chris Dukuly |
| — | MF | LBR | Ambrose Wleh (Deceased) |
| No. | Nation | Player |
| — | LBR | Andrew Dorley |
| — | LBR | Jimmy Taylue |
| — | ZIM | Gogo Mbwenge |
| — | LBR | Teku Nah |
* This article about a Liberian football club is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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