OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# District of Rhymney Valley

Rhymney Valley (Welsh: Cwm Rhymni) was one of six local government districts in Mid Glamorgan from 1974 to 1996.

## History

The district was formed in 1974 under the Local Government Act 1972. It covered parts of six former districts which were abolished at the same time, and was initially arranged into nine communities based on the former districts:
* Bedwas and Machen, covering Bedwas and Machen Urban District
* Caerphilly, covering Caerphilly Urban District less Taff's Well ward (which went to Taff-Ely)
* Gelligaer, covering Gelligaer Urban District less Bedlinog ward (which went to Merthyr Tydfil)
* Llanfedw‡
* New Tredegar, covering the Aberbargoed, Cwmsyfiog, New Tredegar, and Phillipstown wards from Bedwellty Urban District (the rest of which went to Islwyn)
* Rhydygwern‡
* Rhymney, being the former Rhymney Urban District
* Rudry‡
* Van‡
‡Formerly a parish in Cardiff Rural District
Bedwas and Machen, New Tredegar, and Rhymney had been in the administrative county of Monmouthshire prior to the reforms, whilst the other communities had all been in Glamorgan. The Rhymney River was the historic boundary between the two counties. Mid Glamorgan County Council provided county-level services to the district.
The communities within the district were reorganised in 1985, which saw the small communities of Llanfedw and Rhydygwern abolished (both being absorbed into Rudry), and the creation of new communities of Aber Valley, Bargoed, Darran Valley, Llanbradach, Maesycwmmer, Nelson, and Penyrheol.
In 1996 the district was abolished, merging with neighbouring Islwyn to become the new unitary Caerphilly County Borough.

## Political control

The first election to the council was held in 1973, initially operating as a shadow authority before coming into its powers on 1 April 1974. Political control of the council from 1974 until its abolition in 1996 was held by the following parties:
| Party in control | Years |
| Labour | 1974–1976 |
| No overall control | 1976–1979 |
| Labour | 1979–1996 |

## Bus operations

The district council inherited the municipal bus fleets of Bedwas and Machen, Caerphilly and Gelligaer urban district councils. The united operation was given a dark brown, cream and gold livery, and ran operations throughout the valley and into Merthyr Tydfil and Newport.
With bus deregulation in 1986 the buses passed to Inter Valley Link Limited, owned by the district council at "arms length". Competition was very strong in the South Wales Valleys, and Inter Valley Link was sold to National Welsh Omnibus Services on 21 March 1989. National Welsh subsequently went into receivership in 1991.

## Premises

The council inherited various offices from its predecessor authorities. It consolidated its premises in 1983 at Ystrad Fawr House at Ystrad Mynach, a Victorian house which had previously served as offices for the National Coal Board. Ystrad Fawr continued to be used by the successor Caerphilly County Borough Council until 2008 when it was demolished to make way for the Ysbyty Ystrad Fawr hospital.
# Tonight's Decision

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
Tonight's Decision is the fourth studio album by Swedish heavy metal band Katatonia, released in 1999 by Peaceville Records. It was reissued in 2003 with two bonus tracks.

## Background

Around this time, the band were being influenced less by metal and more by alternative, with Renkse citing Jeff Buckley, whose song "Nightmares by the Sea" was covered on this album, as well as Radiohead as examples.
Renkse's close friend, Mikael Åkerfeldt of Opeth, was present to help record, produce and work on ideas for vocal tracks.

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Nyström and Renkse except where noted

## Personnel
### Katatonia

* Jonas Renkse – vocals
* Anders Nyström – guitars, keyboards, backing vocals
* Fredrik Norrman – bass
* Dan Swanö – session drums

### Additional personnel

* Mikael Åkerfeldt – additional vocal production
* Travis Smith – artwork, design, layout
* Paul Loasby – management
* Mia Lorentzson – mastering
* Joakim Petterson – engineering
* Tomas Skogsberg – engineering
* Camilla Af Geijerstam – photography
* Martin Bencik – desert photography assistant
* Brad Gilson Jr. – photography
# Merkinė Eldership

Merkinė Eldership (Lithuanian: Merkinės seniūnija) is a Lithuanian eldership, located in the western part of Varėna District Municipality.
# Erik Olsson (footballer)

Erik Olsson (born 22 September 1995) is a Swedish footballer who plays as a midfielder.
# Proton City

Proton City (Malay: Bandar raya Proton) is a township with industrial, commercial and residential activities spread over 4,000 acres (16 km$^2$) in Muallim District, Perak, Malaysia. It houses the RM1.8 million Proton car assembly plant.
Proton City aimed to be fully developed by 2020. Undertaken by Proton City Development Corp, a joint venture between DRB-HICOM and Proton itself. A core member of Proton Holdings, it started in 1996 with an initial investment of RM250,000, beginning with the construction of the Proton plant. The Proton plant has a workforce of more than 2,000 and most of them are expected to live in the area. When Proton City was fully developed, it would have had a population of about 240,000.
The first settlement in the area - 252 units of apartments - have been handed over to the buyers. These apartments have common facilities that include car and motorcycle parking bays, children's playground, BBQ area, car wash areas, mosque and a nursery/kindergarten on the ground floor of each block and a multipurpose hall. Parcels 19 and 20, completed in 2007 have 1,091 apartments, 336 units of single- and double-storey terrace houses, 86 semi-detached houses, 37 bungalows and 36 shop-offices.
Proton City is also expected to be home to students and staff of the Sultan Idris Education University (UPSI), which a few years ago was known as Sultan Idris Teachers' College. UPSI, occupying 800 acres (3.2 km$^2$) within Proton City, is expected to have a student population of 20,000 within four years.
# Torquil Mathewson

Torquil Mathewson is a Scottish former rugby union player who played for Glasgow Warriors at the Wing positions.
Mathewson played for Glasgow University RFC before moving on to Glasgow Academicals RFC. He was part of Glasgow Academicals squad to go to Zimbabwe Victoria Tens tournament. In 1995 he played for the amateur Glasgow District side.
Mathewson played for Glasgow Warriors at the start of the 1999-2000 season. He played in all of Glasgow's pre-season matches that year; scoring a try against Ulster Rugby in the first match and playing in their Canadian tour where he played Ontario, Uruguay A and Edinburgh Reivers.
However he did not receive a contract with Glasgow and played no competitive matches for the club. After the rejection by Glasgow, Mathewson had a trial lined up with Bath Rugby. However that was delayed and Mathewson played for Glasgow Hawks.
In 2003, Mathewson signed for Watsonians.
Leaving rugby, Mathewson was a property developer, a furniture manufacturer, and a marketing consultant.
# Baikovsky Bridge

Baikovsky Bridge (Russian: Байковский мост) was a bridge in Rostov-on-Don constructed in 1864. It hasn't been preserved until our days and it was named after Rostov-on-Don governor Andrei Baykov.

## History

In 1840 Andrei Romanovich Yashchenko, who was then the governor of Rostov-on-Don, took an initiative to build a bridge that would lead through Generalnaya Gully. Such a bridge was vital, because, given usual bad weather, or a crowded September fair, it was quite problematic for local dwellers to reach the other side of the gully and transport their goods.
Rostov-on-Don City Duma also admitted that instead of already existing wooden bridges it was necessary to construct a stone bridge, since the former would have need to be constantly repaired. In 1857, all expenses were recorded and drafted by architect Lykov. When Andrei Matveyevich Baykov became the city's head, he began to work again on the issue of the bridge, but the materials had risen in price by that moment. Now the city authorities thought whether it would have been appropriate to build a stone bridge at all, and would it have not probably been better to build an arch instead. Nevertheless the bridge was built. Its solemn consecration took place on 30 August, 1864. On the railings there were installed memorial plaques with the inscription: "Baikovsky Bridge" and "Opened on August 30, 1864". This significant event happened almost simultaneously with another one: 20 days later the laying of the foundations of Petropavlovskaya Poorhouse took place in Rostov-on-Don. In 1867 it was decided to re-arrange the bottom of Baikov Bridge pipe.
The width of the bridge was 20 sazhen and the span was 2 sazhen. It was built of brick.
As of March 2013, the plaques on the bridge, the pipe did not survive, as the bridge itself.
# Kot Samaba railway station

Kot Samaba Railway Station (Urdu and Punjabi: کوٹ سمابہ ریلوے اسٹیشن) is located in Kot Samaba village, Rahim Yar Khan district of Punjab province of the Pakistan.
# Alessandro Vinci

Alessandro Vinci (born 8 August 1987) is an Italian professional footballer who plays for Paganese, as a defender.

## Career
### Empoli

Born in Florence, Tuscany, Vinci started his career at Tuscan club Empoli. Vinci was the member of under-17 team in 2003–04 season, under-18 team in 2004–05 season and lastly for the reserve in 2005–06 season. He was loaned to Cuoio Pelli – Cappiano Romaiano in 2006–07 Serie C2, as well as farmed to Melfi in co-ownership deal for 2007–08 Serie C2 in July 2007. In June 2008 Empoli bought back Vinci from Melfi, after 30 out of possible 34 appearances for the fourth division club. Vinci was suspended twice, one in the league, one in Coppa Italia Serie C. (but to be excised after 2007–08 season, the next match Vinci originally eligible for.)

### Juve Stabia

In July 2012 Vinci was signed by fellow second division club S.S. Juve Stabia. However, after only 2 appearances in 2012–13 Serie B, he was loaned to Pro Vercelli, also in Serie B. Vinci did not have any number for the first team at the start of 2013–14 Serie B. He was sold on the last day of transfer window.

### Vicenza

On 2 September 2013 Vinci was signed by the third division club Vicenza. He became one of the starting defender since round 3 (15 September), after one games as unused bench; He missed a week due to injury (round 5 of the league) as well as suspension (cup) in early October but injured again in early November.

### Paganese

On 2 August 2014 he was signed by Paganese.

### Representative teams

Vinci capped twice for Italy Serie C under-21 representative team in 2007–09 International Challenge Trophy in 2007–08 season. He also capped for under-20 Serie C (de facto the same team with U21 "C": age limit of born 1987 or after) which 2–2 draw with under-21 Serie B.
# Qaleh Hammam-e Hajji Rasul

Qaleh Hammam-e Hajji Rasul (Persian: قلعه حمام حاجي رسول, also Romanized as Qal‘eh Ḩammām-e Ḩājjī Rasūl; also known as Qal‘eh Ḩammām-e Ḩājj Rasūl, Hamāmi, Qal‘eh Ḩammām, Qal‘eh-ye Ḩammām, and Qal‘eh-ye Ḩammām Rasūl) is a village in Bagh-e Keshmir Rural District, Salehabad County, Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 330, in 66 families.
# Kara-Suu District

Kara-Suu (Kyrgyz: Кара-Суу району, romanized: Kara-Suu rayonu) is a district of Osh Region in south-western Kyrgyzstan. Its area is 3,616 square kilometres (1,396 sq mi), and its resident population was 448,608 in 2021. The administrative seat lies at the city Kara-Suu.

## Population

The district has a sizeable Uzbek minority (38.5% in 2009).

## Towns, rural communities and villages

In total, Kara-Suu District include 1 city and 137 settlements in 16 rural communities (ayyl aymagy). Each rural community can consist of one or several villages. The rural communities and settlements in the Kara-Suu District are:
* town Kara-Suu
* Ak-Tash (seat: Ak-Tash; incl. Jylkeldi and Barak)
* Jangy-Aryk (seat: Jangy-Aryk; incl. Ak-Terek, Pravda and Tash-Aryk)
* Joosh (seat: Bolshevik; incl. Agartuu, Gayrat, Zarbalyk, Kalinin, Kommunizm, Kyzyl-Koshchu, Kyzyl-Saray, Madaniyat, Mamajan and Pitomnik)
* Kashgar-Kyshtak (seat: Kashgar-Kyshtak; incl. Alga-Bas, Anjyyan-Maala, Bek-Jar, Jar-Ooz, Kenjekul, Tajik-Maala and Monok)
* Katta-Taldyk (seat: Bash-Bulak; incl. Jangy-Turmush, Kara-Sögöt, Taldyk, Kichik, Kyzyl-Ordo, Sadyrbay, Eshme, Achy and Torgoy-Bulak)
* Kyzyl-Kyshtak (seat: Kyzyl-Kyshtak; incl. Anjyyan, Bel-Kyshtak, Jangy-Kyshtak, Karl Marks, Kommunist and Kyzyl-Bayrak)
* Kyzyl-Suu (seat: Chaychy; incl. Ak-Jar, Korgon, Miyaly, Alpordo, Talaa and Uchkun)
* Mady (seat: Kyrgyz-Chek; incl. Asanchek, Joosh, Kaarman, Laglan, Mady, Oktyabr, Sotsializm, Teeke, Uchkun and Chagyr)
* Nariman (seat: Nariman; incl. Alim-Tepe, Besh-Moynok, VLKSM, Jangy-Maala, Jiydalik, Karatay, Osmon, Kurankol, Kyzyl-Mekhnat, Langar, Nurdar, Jim and Tajikabad)
* Otuz-Adyr (seat: Otuz-Adyr; incl. Kara-Döbö, Kyzyl-Abad, Kysh-Abad, Savay-Aryk, Furkhat, Yntymak, Jangy-Kyzyl-Suu and Tynchtyk)
* Papan (seat: Papan; incl. Ak-Terek, Alchaly, Ata-Merek, Börü, Karagur, Kojo-Keleng, Kyzyl-Tuu, Toguz-Bulak, Ak-Buura-1, Ak-Buura-2, Ak-Buura-3, Ak-Buura-4, Kamyr-Suu, Jar-Bashy, Chychkan-Kol, Andagul and Jany-Turmush)
* Sary-Kolot (seat: Sary-Kolot; incl. Ak-Kolot, Kurban-Kara, Sheraly, Prisavay and Tynchtyk)
* Saray (seat: Kirov; incl. Erkin, Prisavay, Kongurat, Telman and Ak-Orgoo)
* Savay (seat: Kyzyl-Shark; incl. Keng-Say, Köchkön-Jar, Kurban-Kara, Kydyrsha, Oktyabr, Yntymak, Savay and Sultan-Abad)
* Shark (seat: Shark; incl. Tashtak, Imam-Ata, Madaniyat, Top-Terek, Furkat and Medrese)
* Tölöykön (seat: Dyykan-Kyshtak; incl. Kyrgyzstan, Özgür, Tölöykön, Uchar, Bodur-Tash and Japalak)
# Orderly or Disorderly

Orderly or Disorderly (Persian: به ترتیب یا بدون ترتیب؟, romanized: Be tartib ya bedun-e tartib?) is a 1981 Iranian short film directed by Abbas Kiarostami.
# Amato

Amato (Calabrian: Amàtu; Albanian: Amati) is an Arbëreshë comune and town in the province of Catanzaro in the Calabria region of Italy.

## History

Amato is one of the oldest towns in Calabria. It is mentioned by the Greek philosopher Aristotle and by the Roman Pliny the Elder in one of his books. He calls it "Sinus Lametinus" (Lametino Harbour).
It appears that the people of Amato originated from the ancient city of Lametia, on the promontory of the Gulf of Saint Euphemia, near the mouth of the Amato River. It was one of the most thriving cities of ancient Bruttium.
It was destroyed during the late age of the Western Roman Empire, the inhabitants taking shelter in the nearby Nicastro. A settlement is mentioned again only starting from the 12th century.
# Governor of Sarangani

The governor of Sarangani (Filipino: Punong Panlalawigan ng Sarangani), is the chief executive of the provincial government of Sarangani.

## Provincial Governors (1992-present)

| | Governor | Term |
| 1 | Priscilla L. Chiongbian | 1992-2001 |
| 2 | Miguel Escobar | 2001-2004 |
| 3 | Miguel Rene Dominguez | 2004-2013 |
| 4 | Steve C. Solon | 2013-2022 |
| 5 | Rogelio Pacquiao | 2022-present |
# Parisha Vadyam

ParishaVadyam is a genre of percussion music that originated before centuries in Ramamangalam, when Panchavadyam was not there in the mainstream. Or in other words we can call Parisha Vaadyam "The Mother of Panchavadyam". Like Panchavadyam and all other Melams, Parishavaadyam also characterised by a pyramid like rhythmical structure.
Parishavaadyam was being performed in southern and central Kerala during the "Prathishta" (placing) and at the time of "Abhisheka" of "Bramhakalasa". Later this place occupied by Panchavadyam. Parishavaadyam comprises main instruments Thimila, "Achan Chenda" ("Veekkan Chenda") and "Ilathalam" accompanied by wind instrument "Kombu" and "Idakka".
In Parishavaadyam "Manodharma" (improvisation) is not applicable as the beats are pre-set.
There are two stages in Parishavaadyam. First stage bases on beats in ‘Ekataala’ known as "Ottakkol and Irikida". Its pendulum beats in the first stage where the Thimila players can perform between the time of first and second beat in Achan Chenda. It can be in 32 ‘aksharakaala’ (tempo) and when the tempo increases 16, 8 and 4 respectively. When it will reach 4 aksharakaala, it is known as "Irikida (Single beat of Achan Chenda followed by three beats in Thimila)".
The second stage is known as "Chendakkooru" which is based on "Triputa taala" and its ‘aksharakaalas’ are 28,14,7 and 3.5 respectively. Finally it ends in "Ekataala" like all other "Melams".
# Stuart Fraser (civil servant)

Sir Stuart Milford Fraser, KCSI, CIE (2 June 1864 – 1 December 1963) was a distinguished officer of the Foreign and Political Department of the Government of India. Five years after joining the Indian Civil Service, he was appointed tutor to the Maharajas of Kolhapur and Bhavnagar, and later (1896–1902) was tutor and guardian to the Maharaja of Mysore. The Fraser Town locality in Bangalore was named after him.

## Early life

Stuart Milford Fraser was educated at Blundell's School and Balliol College. He passed the examination for the Indian Civil Service in 1882 and was allocated to the Bombay Presidency.

## Tutoring of princes

Within 5 years Fraser was selected as guardian and tutor to the Raja of Kolhapur, later to become Chhatrapati Shahu Maharaj after being educated at Rajkumar College, Rajkot.
He later had responsibility for the leadership preparations of the Maharajah of Bhavanagar, Shri Bhavsinhji II (1875–1919) after schooling at Rajkumar College, Rajkot like his father, Takhtsinhji and son, Krishna Kumarasingh Bhavasingh the last Maharaja of Bhavnagar.
In 1896 Fraser was appointed as governor and tutor to the young Krishna Raja Wadiyar IV, Maharaja of Mysore, who was later to become known as a beneficent ruler who enhanced the reputation of Mysore as a model state.

## Anglo-Tibetan Convention 1904

In 1903 Fraser went to the Foreign Department at Calcutta and Simla as deputy secretary and in 1904 was sent by Lord Curzon as H.M Commissioner to negotiate with the Chinese about the Anglo-Tibetan Convention (requiring Tibet to open its border with British India).

## Later career

Fraser returned to India in 1905 as Resident in Mysore and Chief Commissioner of Coorg. In 1911 Fraser was appointed Resident in Kashmir and for several months in 1914 was acting Resident in Hyderabad.
At the commencement of the First World War, with Turkey taking the side of Germany, it was Fraser’s resolute and confident approach that persuaded Osman Ali Khan, Asaf Jah VII, the Nizam of Hyderabad, to resist defeatist view and ensure continued support for the British Raj.

## Fraser Town, Bangalore, India

Fraser Town is a suburb of Bangalore Cantonment, in Bangalore North-East, spread over 4 km2. It was established in 1906 and is named after Stuart Mitford Fraser (1864-1963). Fraser Town was established to de-congest the growing Bangalore Civil and Military Station (otherwise known as the Bangalore Cantonment). The foundation of Fraser Town was laid in August 1910 by Mrs. F J Richards, with a commemorative plaque on the corner of Coles Road and Mosque Road . Fraser Town is a residential and commercial suburb, the prominent roads being Promenade Road, Netaji Road, Madhavraya Mudaliar Road (M M Road), Haines Road, Spencer Road, Wheeler Road, Mosque Road, etc. The suburb is known for its communal harmony with Hindus, Muslims and Christians living side by side in peace.
# Association of Municipalities for Independence

The Association of Municipalities for Independence (Catalan: Associació de Municipis per la Independència) is a Catalan organization of town councils and other administration entities created with the goal of achieving the independence of Catalonia.
This entity was formed on 28 December 2011, in the city of Vic. Nowadays it has the support of 947 town councils out of the 948 total in Catalonia (99%). Recently they have also received international recognition when in late 2019 the council of Torrelodones expressed its support to their cause. In addition, 39 out of 39 county councils give support to the association and also all the four Catalan provincial councils.
There are seven major parties in Catalonia that support the right of self-determination. In 2012, these were the proportions of mayors of each party who have signed for the association:
* CUP: 4/4 (100%)
* ERC: 128/139 (92.1%)
* Convergència and Unió: 402/519 (75.3%)
* ICV-EUiA: 13/23 (56.5%)
* PSC 76/196: (38.8%)
* PP: 0/8 (0%). (It does not support either self-determination or independence)
* Without party (independent candidates) 46/53 (86.8%)
* Other parties 4/4 (100%)
* Administrated by public committee 0/1 (0%)
* Partit Junts per la Independencia (12/27%)
* Partit Més Junts que Els Anteriors (MJQEN) (3/9%)
* Supporting municipalities
* Territory per supporting municipalities
* Supporting comarcal councils
* Supporting provincial councils
* Percentage of supporting population by comarca

## Objectives

As stated in the foundation articles of the association, these are the goals and purposes of the organization:
* 1. Becoming a broad discussion space to share ideas, initiatives (institutional and citizen-level), experiences, information, management tools and everything that can be useful to bring the people of Catalonia to independence in order to achieve full functioning municipal powers.
* 2. Promote and defend Catalan national rights.
* 3. Develop the citizen need for Catalonia to exercise her right to self-determination.
* 4. Create a promotion network abroad, mainly within the framework of the European Union.
* 5. Promote town council self-finance.
* 6. Establish synergies in other areas, such as business and finance.

## Statistics

| Province | Adherits | Population | % Pop. | Mun. Adherits | Mun. Totals | % Mun. |
| Barcelona | 1,867,466 | 5,529,099 | 33.8% | 251 | 311 | 80.7% |
| Girona | 668,706 | 756,810 | 88.4% | 203 | 222 | 91.4% |
| Lleida | 274,312 | 442,308 | 62.0% | 188 | 231 | 81.4% |
| Tarragona | 479,902 | 811,401 | 59.1% | 142 | 184 | 77.2% |
| Catalonia | 3,290,386 | 7,539,618 | 43.6% | 784 | 948 | 82.7% |
As of 10 October 2013, 71.3% of the total territory supported the AMI.
# Khosuyeh Rural District

Khosuyeh Rural District (Persian: دهستان خسويه) is in the Central District of Zarrin Dasht County, Fars province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Khosuyeh.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the rural district's population was 10,641 in 2,367 households. There were 10,482 inhabitants in 2,735 households at the following census of 2011. The 2016 census measured the population of the rural district as 10,483 in 3,048 households. The most populous of its 15 villages was Khosuyeh, with 2,856 people.
# Tupik, Zabaykalsky Krai

Tupik (Russian: Тупик) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative center of Tungiro-Olyokminsky District of Zabaykalsky Krai, Russia. Population: 971 (2010 Census); 1,041 (2002 Census); 1,069 (1989 Soviet census).

## Geography

Tupik is located in the Olyokma-Stanovik, 100 kilometers (62 mi) north of Mogocha, on the Tungir river, a tributary of the Olyokma.

## History

It was founded in 1911 as a result of an unsuccessful attempt of paving the road to Yakutsk. The project was frozen because of the outbreak of World War I, which is how the village got its name (literally meaning cul-de-sac).
During the war, many POWs were sent here. In April 1919, a partisan group of internationalists, mainly Hungarians, was exterminated by the Japanese expeditionary corps and ataman Grigory Semyonov's troops (the Jewish regiment).
In 1938, Tupik was chosen to be the administrative center of Tungiro-Olyokminsky District. Russians, Ukrainians, and Evenks are three main ethnic groups in Tupik.