OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Minister of Territorial Development (France)

The Ministry of Partnership with Territories and Decentralization (French: Ministre de la Cohésion territoriale) is a cabinet member in the Government of France, responsible for territorial cohesion; in particular with the regions and departments; he is also in charge of French decentralization The current officeholder is Catherine Vautrin of La République En Marche! (LREM).
The position has frequently been combined with the portfolios of Public Works (Équipement), Transportation (Transports), Tourism (Tourisme) and the Sea (Mer). The ministry had merged with the Ministry of Ecology, Energy, Sustainable Development and Territorial Development upon the election of Nicolas Sarkozy as President of France. In 2009, it has been separated from the Ecology Ministry and has taken the name of Ministry of Rural Areas and Spatial Planning.

## Ministers of Territorial Development (1972–present)

* 12 July 1972 – 28 May 1974: Olivier Guichard
* 27 August 1976 – 29 March 1977: Jean Lecanuet
* 29 March 1977 – 26 September 1977: Jean-Pierre Fourcade
* 26 September 1977 – 22 May 1981: Fernand Icart
* 22 May 1981 – 22 March 1983: Michel Rocard
* 17 July 1984 – 20 March 1986: Gaston Defferre
* 20 March 1986 – 10 May 1988: Pierre Méhaignerie
* 15 May 1991 – 2 April 1992: Michel Delebarre
* 29 March 1993 – 18 May 1995: Charles Pasqua
* 18 May 1995 – 7 November 1995: Bernard Pons
* 7 November 1995 – 4 June 1997: Jean-Claude Gaudin
* 4 July 1997 – 10 July 2001: Dominique Voynet
* 10 July 2001 – 7 May 2002: Yves Cochet
* 7 May 2002 – 31 March 2004: Jean-Paul Delevoye
* 31 March 2004 – 31 May 2005: Gilles de Robien
* 3 June 2005 – 23 June 2009: Hubert Falco, as Secretary of State for Territorial Development
* 23 June 2009 – 16 May 2012: Michel Mercier, as Minister of Rural Areas and Spatial Planning
* 16 May 2012 – 2 April 2014: Cécile Duflot, as Minister of Territorial Equality and Housing
* 2 April 2014 – 11 February 2016: Sylvia Pinel, as Minister of Territorial Equality and Housing
* 11 February 2016 – 10 May 2017: Jean-Michel Baylet, as Minister of Spatial Planning, Rurality and Territorial Communities, served with Emmanuelle Cosse, as Minister of Housing and Territorial Development
* 17 May 2017 – 19 June 2017: Richard Ferrand, as Minister of Territorial Cohesion
* 19 June 2017 – 16 October 2018: Jacques Mézard, as Minister of Territorial Cohesion
* 16 October 2018 – 5 March 2022: Jacqueline Gourault as Minister of Territorial Cohesion and Relations with Local Authorities
* 5 March 2022 – 20 May 2022 : Joël Giraud as Minister of Territorial Cohesion and Relations with Local Authorities
* 20 May 2022 – 4 July 2022 : Christophe Béchu as Minister of Territorial Cohesion and Relations with Local Authorities
* 4 July 2022 – 20 September 2024 : Christophe Béchu as Minister of Ecological Transition and Territorial Cohesion and Caroline Cayeux as Minister of Relations with Local Authorities
* 20 September 2024 - incumbent : Catherine Vautrin as Minister of Partnership with Territories and Decentralization
# Arthur Hugh Montagu Butler

Arthur Hugh Montagu Butler (23 November 1873 – 28 May 1943) was an English librarian who was librarian at the House of Lords Library from 1914 to 1922.

## Early life and education

Butler was born in Harrow, Middlesex, the second son of academic Henry Montagu Butler and his first wife, Georgina Elliot, granddaughter of diplomat Hugh Elliot. His father was headmaster of Harrow School (1860–85), Dean of Gloucester (1885–86) and Master of Trinity College, Cambridge (1886–1918). His elder brother was Edward Montagu Butler, who played first-class cricket. After their mother's death, his father remarried Agnata Frances Ramsay. Sir James Ramsay Montagu Butler and Sir Nevile Butler were his younger half-brothers. Headmaster George Butler was his grandfather, Rev. Canon George Butler his uncle, and Josephine Butler his aunt.
Butler was educated at Harrow, where he played for the Cricket XI. He and William Francis George Wyndham won the public school rackets championship in 1890.

## Career

Butler served as a clerk in the House of Lords from 1895–97, and was assistant librarian under Sandford Arthur Strong (1897–1904) and Sir Edmund Gosse (1904–1914). He succeeded Gosse as librarian in 1914.
In addition to his work at the library, Butler also acted as Secretary of Commissions to Lords Chancellors Robert Reid, 1st Earl Loreburn and Richard Haldane, 1st Viscount Haldane, as well as Secretary to the Statute Law Revision Committee, 1902–22.
Butler oversaw the library alone during the First World War, when his assistant librarian, Charles Travis Clay, was serving overseas. After the war, Butler and Clay started the process of creating a new card catalogue for the library's law books as a replacement Sandford Arthur Strong's Victorian era catalogue.
On 18 January 1922, Butler booked a room for himself under a false name at the Midland Grand Hotel, St. Pancras. He was found in the bathroom shortly afterwards suffering from a severe wound to the throat in an apparent suicide attempt. He was transferred to University College Hospital, where he underwent surgery and recovered. He resigned his position on health grounds that year and was succeeded by Clay as librarian.

## Personal life

In 1900, Butler married Margaret Edith, second daughter of Francis Law Latham, Advocate-General of Bombay, 1884–1893. There had one son and two daughters. He died in 1943 in London.
# Phia Berghout

Sophia Rosa Berghout (14 December 1909 - 22 March 1993) was a Dutch harpist. Her obituary in The Independent called her "arguably the most influential harpist this century".

## Career

She was born in Rotterdam on 14 December 1909 and started playing the harp when she was 15 years old. She studied the harp at the Amsterdam Conservatoire with Rosa Spier [de]. She played in the Amsterdam Concertgebouw, as second harp 1933-1945 and principal harp 1945–1960, as well as having a successful solo career. She taught at the Amsterdam Conservatoire and then, from 1974, at the Maastricht Conservatoire.
Together with Maria Korchinska (1895-1979) she established the International Harpweeks held at Queekhoven near Amsterdam in the 1960s; these developed into the World Harp Congress.

## Personal life

Berghout married Johannes den Hertog, pianist and assistant conductor of the Amsterdam Concertgebouw: they divorced after a short time. She died in Doorn on 22 March 1993, aged 83.
# Folio (typeface)

Folio is a sans-serif typeface in the neo-grotesque style designed by Konrad Friedrich Bauer and Walter Baum in 1957 for the Bauer Type Foundry (German: Bauersche Gießerei). Bauer licensed the design to Fonderie Typographique Française for sale in France under the name Caravelle.
Folio is considered part of the International Typographic Style, with Helvetica and Univers also released at the same time. All three are modeled after Akzidenz-Grotesk. However, Folio more closely follows the original model than the other two, which have larger x-heights. The typeface experienced moderate success in the United States. The typeface family was extended in 1963, adding an Extra Bold weight and a Bold Condensed width. Bauer released 17 styles of Folio between 1956 and 1969.
Folio Extended (Folio Halbfett) included alternate versions of upper case A, E, M, N, and R.
The cold type version was issued by Hell AG.
# Peter Garland (composer)

Peter Garland (born January 25, 1952, in Portland, Maine) is a composer, writer and publisher of Soundings Press.
A student of James Tenney and Harold Budd, much of Garland's work could be considered post-minimal although many of his postminimal works such as "The Days Run Away" (1971) were written in the early 1970s at the same time as the first minimalist works. He is also an expert on Native American music, and on the music of Silvestre Revueltas. He is the author of Gone Walkabout: Essays 1991-. Garland started his Soundings Press series in 1971 after attending a publishing workshop with Dick Higgins at CalArts.

## Discography

* 1982 Matachin Dances (EP, Cold Blue)
* 1986 Peñasco Blanco (Cold Blue, reissued on Nana + Victorio, 1993)
* 1992 Border Music (¿What Next?, reissued on OO Disc, 2002)
* 1992 Walk in Beauty (New Albion)
* 1993 Nana + Victorio (Avant)
* 2000 The Days Run Away (Tzadik)
* 2002 Another Sunrise (Mode)
* 2005 Love Songs (Tzadik)
* 2008 Three Strange Angels (Tzadik) reissue of Border Music expanded with live recordings
* 2009 String Quartets (Cold Blue Music)
* 2011 Waves Breaking on Rocks (New World)
* 2015 After the Wars (Cold Blue Music) EP with Sarah Cahill
* 2017 The Birthday Party (New World)
* 2018 Moon Viewing Music (Inscrutable Stillness Studies #1) (Cold Blue Music)
* 2018 The Landscape Scrolls (Starkland)
* 2021 Three Dawns and Bush Radio Calling (Cold Blue Music)
* 2023 The Basketweave Elegies (Cold Blue Music)
Compilations
* "The Three Strange Angels" (1973), included on Cold Blue (1984, Cold Blue, CD release 2002)
* "Apple Blossom" included on Persistence of Past Chemistries (2000, The Orchard)
* "Dancing on Water" included on Dancing on Water (2001, Cold Blue)
* "Matachin Dances" (1982), included on The Complete Ten-Inch Collection from Cold Blue (2003, Cold Blue)
* "Nights in the Gardens of Maine" included on "Cold Blue Two" (2012, Cold Blue)
Other recordings of compositions by Garland
* Ensemble Bash – Launch (1996, Sony): "Apple Blossom" (1972)
* William Winant, Roy Malan, Carla Kihlstedt a.o. – Peter Garland: Love Songs (Tzadik, 2005): "Matachin Dances", "Coyote's Bones (Last Piece)", "Love Songs"
# Frank Ferko

Frank Ferko (born June 18, 1950) is an American composer.
Born in Barberton, Ohio, Ferko played piano from childhood, and worked as an organist and conductor in his teens. His first compositions were primarily liturgical in nature, with Lutheran composer Richard Wienhorst being an early influence. He attended Valparaiso University as an undergraduate, where he studied composition and counterpoint under Wienhorst and organ under Philip Gehring. Ferko took particular interest in early music and the compositional and theoretical output of Olivier Messiaen.
He received a bachelor's from Valparaiso in 1972 in piano and organ performance, and then took his master's at Syracuse University in music theory. There he studied theory under Howard Boatright and organ under Will Headlee, and wrote his thesis on one of the extended piano works of Messiaen. Following this, Ferko served as Director of Music at various midwestern churches before entering Northwestern University. At Northwestern he first pursued a Ph.D. in music theory but shifted his attention to music composition which he studied under Alan Stout. During his time at Northwestern he worked as a teaching assistant in the School of Music and also continued his work as a church musician. In 1982 he began working as a music librarian and continues to work as both a librarian and an archivist. He currently works at the music library at the University of California, Berkeley.
As a composer, Ferko began receiving critical acclaim and commissions in the 1980s, including the Holtkamp Award from the American Guild of Organists in 1990 for the song cycle A Practical Program for Monks. In 1990-91 he composed a ten-movement cycle for organ based upon the visions of Hildegard von Bingen. It would be the first of several large-scale projects inspired by Hildegard, followed by The Hildegard Motets and Hildegard Triptych. Ferko premiered Stabat Mater in 1999, commissioned by His Majestie's Clerkes. He has also worked as composer-in-residence with the Dale Warland Singers. The European premiere of his choral works took place in April 2003 with a performance of his Stabat Mater by the VU-Kamerkoor, Amsterdam, on the occasion of which Ferko joined in rehearsals and held a public introduction to the piece. In 2004 the VU-Kamerkoor commissioned "La remontée des cendres," an extended work for chorus, soloists and an ensemble of eight instruments, based on texts by Tahar Ben Jelloun. The work received its premiere in The Netherlands, performed by the VU-Kamerkoor, conducted by Boudewijn Jansen in May 2005.
The music of Frank Ferko has been heard through public performance or radio broadcast in 30 countries on six continents.

## Recordings

* The Hildegard Organ Cycle (Arsis Audio, 1995)
* Motets (Arsis Audio, 1995)
* Stabat Mater (Cedille Records, 2000)
* Hildegard Triptych (Hyperion Records, 2011)
* Organ Music by Frank Ferko and Leo Sowerby (Cedille Records, 2021)
* Night: Music for Choir and Cello (includes Motet for Passion Sunday and Lord, Let At Last Thine Angels Come) (Herald, 2007)
* I Loved Lucy (includes Constellations for Flute/Alto Flute and Guitar) (Gasparo, 2000)
# Alvin Singleton

Alvin Singleton (born December 28, 1940, in Brooklyn, New York) is a composer from the United States. Born and raised in New York City, he received his music education from New York University (B.A.), studying with Hall Overton and Charles Wuorinen. Singleton then moved to study at Yale School of Music (M.M.), studying with Yehudi Wyner and Mel Powell. Singleton was a Fulbright Scholar, he studied with [Goffredo Petrassi] at [Accademia Nazionale] di Santa Cecilia in [Rome, Italy] from 1971-1985. After living and working in Europe for fourteen years, Singleton returned to the United States to become a Composer-in-Residence with the Atlanta Symphony Orchestra (1985-88). He subsequently served as Resident Composer at Spelman College in Atlanta (1988-91), as UNISYS Composer-in-Residence with the Detroit Symphony Orchestra (1996-97), and was the 2002–03 Composer-in-Residence with the Ritz Chamber Players of Jacksonville, Florida. In addition, he has served as Visiting Professor of Composition at the Yale University School of Music.
Awards
Singleton's music shows the evidence of a wide range of influences - "from Mahler to Monk, Bird to Bernstein, James Baldwin to Bach, Santana to Prince" - and often incorporates aspects of theatre and surprise. Notable are his set of eight Argoru pieces for various solo instruments, composed over the period from 1968 to 2002. His choral ballet TRUTH (2006), scored for mixed chorus, dancers and an ensemble of 10 instruments, is based on the life of human rights crusader Sojourner Truth. His piano concerto BluesKonzert had its Carnegie Hall debut in 2010 with soloist Ursula Oppens and the American Composers Orchestra.
Albany Records has issued a series of recordings, including Extensions of a Dream (2002, percussion music), Sing to the Sun (2007, choral and chamber music) and Sweet Chariot (2014, solo and chamber music). The Atlanta Symphony Orchestra and Chorus has recorded PraiseMaker. The four string quartets have been recorded by the Momenta Quartet.

## List of compositions

A complete list of published compositions can be found on Alvin Singleton's website.
* String Quartet No. 1 (1967)
* Dream Sequence '76 (opera) (1976)
* A Yellow Rose Petal for orchestra (1982)
* After Fallen Crumbs for orchestra (1987)
* Shadows for orchestra (1987)
* String Quartet No.2 Secret Desire to be Black (1988)
* Between Sisters for soprano, alto flute, vibraphone and piano (1990)
* String Quartet No.3 Somehow We Can (1994)
* BluesKonzert for piano and orchestra (1995)
* PraiseMaker for mixed chorus and orchestra (1998)
* Greed Machine for vibraphone and piano (2003)
* When Given a Choice for orchestra (2004)
* TRUTH, choral ballet (2006)
* Brooklyn Bones for chorus and orchestra (2008)
* Different River for orchestra (2012)
* Sweet Chariot, for chamber ensemble (2013)
* Prayer for tenor solo, chamber choir, organ, harp, trumpet, and cello (2016)
* String Quartet No.4 Hallelujah Anyhow (2019)
# Everett Helm

Everett Burton Helm (17 July 1913, Minneapolis – 25 June 1999, Berlin), was an American composer, musicologist and music critic.
He studied at Harvard University, and then after having been awarded a travel fellowship, with Gian Francesco Malipiero in Italy and Ralph Vaughan Williams in England. In 1948, he was appointed Music Officer for the occupying US army in Germany, which introduced him to the Darmstadt Internationale Ferienkurse für Neue Musik in contemporary classical music. Helm regularly participated in the Darmstadt summer schools over the next decades.
From 1950 and into the 1960s, Helm worked as a music critic in Germany, writing for The New York Times, the San Francisco Chronicle and Musical America. In parallel, he was composing. The Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra commissioned and premiered his First Piano Concerto in 1951, the same year as his first opera, Adam and Eve, was performed at the Hessisches Staatstheater Wiesbaden.

## Sources

* Sonneck Society for American Music Bulletin, Volume XXV, no. 3: Obituary for Helm Archived 17 February 2013 at the Wayback Machine.
* Grove Music Online: article on Helm.
* This article about an American composer born in the 20th century is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# Heinz Werner Zimmermann

Heinz Werner Zimmermann (11 August 1930 – 25 January 2022) was a German composer, focused on contemporary sacred music. He was professor of composition at the Spandauer Kirchenmusikschule and the Frankfurt University of Music and Performing Arts, and held several honorary doctorates from the Wittenberg University in Springfield, Ohio, U.S., and from Leipzig University. He is known for church music influenced by jazz, such as motets for choir with plucked bass.

## Life

Zimmermann was born in Freiburg im Breisgau and had his first composition instruction from 1946 to 1948 with Julius Weismann. He studied from 1950 to 1954 at the Kirchenmusikalisches Institut Heidelberg (Institute for Church Music) in Heidelberg, with Wolfgang Fortner. After passing his examinations at the Freiburg Conservatory, supervised by Harald Genzmer, he became Fortner's successor in Heidelberg immediately. Here he maintained close contacts with the musicologist Thrasybulos Georgiades, whose rhythm and language studies influenced him the most, along with his occupation with American spirituals and jazz.
From 1963 to 1976, Zimmermann was director of the Spandauer Kirchenmusikschule (Spandau school of church music) in Spandau, and then from 1975 to 1996 as successor to Kurt Hessenberg as composition teacher at the Frankfurt University of Music and Performing Arts.

### Personal life

Zimmermann was married to the organist Renate Zimmermann. They lived in Oberursel, where he died on 25 January 2022, at the age of 91.

## Works

Zimmermann's best-known works are his sacred motets with plucked double bass, his organ psalms, and his "Prosalieder". One of his chief works is the Missa profana which he created over 15 years, set for a vocal quartet, choir, dixieland jazz band, tape, and large orchestra. Completed in 1980, it was premiered in Minneapolis in 1981. Others are the sacred oratorio The Bible of Spirituals, Te Deum, and Symphonia sacra. His Don-Giovanni-Variationen for orchestra premiered in Frankfurt in 2020.

## Awards

Amongst other honours, Zimmermann was awarded the Music Prizes of Berlin, a Villa Massimo scholarship in 1965/66, and he received the Johann Sebastian Bach Prize of Stuttgart in 1982. The American Wittenberg University in Springfield bestowed upon him an honorary doctorate, followed by three American theses dedicated to his work, including one at the Stanford University in California. In 2009, he received the honorary doctorate from Leipzig University. In 2012, he was awarded the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany.
# John Vincent (composer)

John Nathaniel Vincent Jr. (May 17, 1902 – January 21, 1977) was an American composer, conductor, and music educator.
Vincent was born in Birmingham, Alabama, and studied at the New England Conservatory of Music under Frederick Converse and George Chadwick graduating with a diploma in 1927. He continued his studies at George Peabody College where he earned a bachelor's and a master's degree followed by doctoral studies at Harvard University from 1933 to 1935. While at Harvard studying under Walter Piston he won the John Knowles Paine Traveling Fellowship for two years of study with Nadia Boulanger. He was able to study original manuscripts of all classical composers at the Bibliothèque nationale de France (French National Library). After transferring to Cornell University he earned his PhD in 1942. Made field recordings for Library of Congress with Alan Lomax, using Fairchild machine to preserve notables of the old South. Vincent was head of the music department at Western Kentucky University from 1937 to 1945 and Schoenberg's successor as professor of composition at UCLA, a position he held from 1946 to 1969. He surveyed music schools to create UCLA's state-of-art music building and Schoenberg Hall.
As a composer, Vincent's music is known for its rhythmic vitality and lyricism. Although his music is essentially classical in form it is distinctly individual. The free tonality of his work makes use of what he calls 'paratonality': the predominance of a diatonic element in a polytonal or atonal passage. Vincent wrote numerous orchestral works, chamber music pieces, art songs, and choral works. He also wrote one ballet, 3 Jacks (1942), a film score, Red Cross (1948), and an opera, Primeval Void (1969).
In 1951 his book The Diatonic Modes in Modern Music was published. He also conducted orchestras throughout the US, and all South American countries sponsored by U.S.-State Dept, and he was a director of the Rustic Canyon art-colony Huntington Hartford Foundation from 1952 to 1965. He died in Santa Monica, California in 1977.
Vincent was founding-director of Walt Disney's California Institute of the Arts.

## Personal life

Vincent married Amelia Bartlett, violinist, in 1927. In 1928 he formed the Aeolian Trio with Amelia and Abbie Durkee. Together they performed recitals in the El Paso area (Parker 1981). Amelia and John lived in Paris from 1935 to 1936 with their 7-year-old son, Nathaniel. In Paris, Vincent made arrangements to study privately with Boulanger at the Ecole Normale de Musique. Ruth Kimball, a classmate from Harvard, also attended classes in Paris. During this year, Vincent's marriage with Amelia suffered. Amelia and their son returned to the United States to live with Vincent's parents. Amelia and John divorced in 1937. From June through October 1936, Vincent traveled by bicycle and motor scooter throughout Europe. After returning to the United States, Ruth Kimball then became the second Mrs. John Vincent in December 1937. They had two children together, Helen and John (Parker 1981).
# Abdul-Razzaq Sheikh Issa

Abdul-Razzaq Sheikh Issa (Arabic: عبد الرزاق شيخ عيسى) (born 1955) is the current president of Syrian Private University and a former Minister of Higher Education for Syria, serving from April 14, 2011, till June 23, 2012 .

## Early life, education and career

Issa was born in Damascus in 1955.
* PhD in the Physiology of Digestion, 1988
* Diploma in Intensive Studies of Nutrition
* Awarded the Order of Academic Palms from France
* Secretary of Medicine Faculty, Damascus University, 1996-200
* Assistant Higher Education Minister, 2006-2008

## Personal life

Issa is married and has five children, two daughters and three sons.