OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Voortrekker Fort, Ohrigstad

Voortrekker Fort/Ohrigstad Fort was constructed before 1847 to act as a refuge for local Voortrekker families due to the constant attacks of local Bantu tribes. It is situated in the Ohrigstad area of northern Mpumalanga province which was first settled by Europeans under the leadership of Andries Hendrik Potgieter.

## History

The Voortrekker Fort was built circa. 1847 by early pioneering Voortrekkers in modern day Mpumalanga Province, South Africa. The main purpose of the fortifications were to protect themselves and their families against possible attacks by the local tribes in the general Ohrigstad vicinity. The fort is in the same grounds as the Andries Hendrik Potgieter Gedenksaal. The fort was built using a combination of dry stone walling and mud brick layering with loopholes supported by slate stone lintels, making rifle-fire easier. The site is mostly in ruins today, however it has received Provincial Heritage status, and a new roof has been placed over the site in order to protect the mud construction.
# Maya-Gozel Aimedova

Maya-Gozel Aymedova (born 28 May 1941) is a Turkmen actress. Her most famous role is in the 1972 film Nevestka (Daughter-in-Law).

## Film career

Aimedova was born in Ashkhabad, Turkmen SSR, USSR and graduated from the Lunacharsky State Institute for Theatre Arts in 1964, and joined the Turkmenistan Young Spectator's Theatre in Ashgabat. Her onscreen debut was in Sluchai v Dash-Kale (Incident in Dash-Kala, 1961), in which she played a teacher who fights against outdated marriage practices. In 1972, she starred in Nevestka, for which she was awarded a USSR State Prize.
Nevestka was directed by Khodjakuli Narliev, with whom she worked on a number of films, including Kogda zhenshchina osedlaet konia (When a Woman Saddles a Horse, 1975) and Derevo Dzhamal (Djamal's Tree, 1980). For both of these films, she also co-wrote the screenplay.
Her last film role was in the 1990 film Mankurt. After Turkmenistan gained independence in 1991, the country's film industry was suppressed.

## Personal life

Aimedova is married to Khodjakuli Narliev. She joined the Communist Party in 1971.

## Awards and honours

* 1972 - USSR State Prize
* 1982 - People's Artist of Turkmen SSR
* 1987 - People's Artist of the USSR

## Filmography

* Sluchai v Dash-Kale (Incident in Dash-Kala, 1961)
* Nevestka (Daughter-in-Law, 1972)
* Kogda zhenshchina osedlaet konia (When a Woman Saddles a Horse, 1975)
* Umei skazat' net (You Must Be Able to Say No, 1976)
* Derevo Dzhamal (Djamal's Tree, 1980)
* Karakumy, 45 gradusov v teni (Karakumy, 45 Degrees in the Shade, 1982)
* Fragi - razluchennyi so schast'em (Fragi - Separated from Happiness, 1984)
* Do svidaniia, moi parfinianin (Goodbye, My Parthian, 1987)
* Beshenaia (The Mad Woman, 1988)
* Mankurt (1990)
# Jeddo, Texas

Jeddo is an unincorporated community in Bastrop County, Texas, United States. According to the Handbook of Texas, the community had a population of 75 in 2000. It is located within the Greater Austin metropolitan area.

## History

The community was founded in 1874 when a post office was established. Five years later, the community was described as a thriving village. In 1890, the population was estimated at twenty, and Jeddo had one general store. Population estimates underwent an unexplained rise later in the decade, with 560 reported in 1896 and 559 in 1904, but the community quickly faded to a population of twelve in 1914, then dropped from population lists until circa 1933, when ten people and two businesses were reported. The post office closed in 1927. From 1939 to 2000, the population was estimated at seventy-five.
The Jeddo Cemetery was founded in 1865. It is maintained by the Jeddo Cemetery Association, current as of 2011. There are 166 marked graves in the Jeddo Cemetery, the oldest dated 1835.

## Geography

Jeddo is situated 9 mi (14 km) south of Rosanky in the southern tip of Bastrop County. It is also located 18 mi (29 km) away from Bastrop, the county seat.

## Education

In 1891, the settlement had two schools, segregated by race. The Jeddo area is entirely served by the Smithville Independent School District, approximately 18 miles to the northeast.
# Mentor Zhubi

Mentor Zhubi (born 1 May 1984) is a futsal player and former professional footballer. Born in Yugoslavia, he has represented the Sweden national futsal team internationally.

## Football

Zhubi played for Västra Frölunda in the Swedish Division 3.

## Futsal

Zhubi is also a Futsal player for Gothenburg team FC Ibra and the Sweden national team. In 2012 FC Ibra won the Swedish Futsal Championship and Mentor Zhubi was chosen Player of the Year.
He made his international futsal debut for Sweden on 11 December 2012 against France.

## Personal life

Zhubi is the older brother of Åtvidabergs FF's Petrit Zhubi.

## Honors
### Futsal

FC Ibra
* Swedish Futsal Champion: 2012
Individual
* Player of the year: 2012
# Taganrog Priboy Plant

Taganrog Priboy Plant (Russian: Таганрогский завод „Прибой“) is a company based in Taganrog, Russia.
A leading military sonar equipment producer, the Priboy Plant also produces electronic equipment for civilian use, as well as general consumer goods.
# Mivaleh

Mivaleh (Persian: ميوله) may refer to:
* Mivaleh-ye Olya
* Mivaleh Sofla
# Mur Pano language

Mur Pano, or simply Pano, is an Austronesian language spoken by about three quarters of the thousand inhabitants of Mur village on the north coast of Madang Province, Papua New Guinea. The other quarter of the population speaks Molet as their primary language.
# Iván López (footballer, born 1996)

Iván Gabriel López (born 17 February 1996) is an Argentine professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for Deportivo Armenio.

## Career

López started his career with Ferro Carril Oeste, with Walter Perazzo promoting the goalkeeper into his senior squad during the 2016 season. Having been an unused substitute for a fixture with Villa Dálmine on 19 April, López made his professional debut days later as they drew against Juventud Unida Universitario away from home. He participated in nine further matches in all competitions throughout that campaign.

## Career statistics

    As of 29 December 2018.
Club statistics :
| Club | Season | League | League | League | Cup | Cup | Continental | Continental | Other | Other | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Ferro Carril Oeste | 2016 | Primera B Nacional | 9 | 0 | 1 | 0 | — | — | 0 | 0 | 10 | 0 |
| Ferro Carril Oeste | 2016–17 | Primera B Nacional | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Ferro Carril Oeste | 2017–18 | Primera B Nacional | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Ferro Carril Oeste | 2018–19 | Primera B Nacional | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 9 | 0 | 1 | 0 | — | — | 0 | 0 | 10 | 0 |
# Mirusha

Mirusha (Albanian: Mirushë) may refer to:
* Mirusha River
* Mirusha Park
* Mirusha Waterfalls
# William Chapple (New Zealand politician)

William Allan Chapple (14 July 1864 – 19 October 1936) was a member of both the New Zealand House of Representatives and the House of Commons of the United Kingdom.

## Early life

Chapple was born in Alexandra in Central Otago, New Zealand. His parents were the farmer John Cole Chapple and Elizabeth McEwan Chapple (née Allan). He received his early education at Alexandra Primary School. He commenced a medical degree at Otago University and in 1888 went to King's College Hospital for one year. He returned to Otago in the following year to complete his degree, and graduated in 1890 with MB ChB. He was first registered as a medical professional on 10 May 1890 and went to Motueka, where he became Public Vaccinator and Native Medical Attendant for the Nelson district. He became a member of the Royal College of Surgeons in 1897, became MRCP&S in Ireland in 1897 and obtained further qualifications in Dublin (Dip State Med, DPH). He obtained his Doctor of Medicine (MD) from Otago University in 1899.
Chapple married Sarah Douglas Turnbull on 1 January 1891 at St Johns Presbyterian Church in Willis Street, Wellington. His wife, five years younger than him, was born in San Francisco. Her father was the Wellington architect Thomas Turnbull. At the time, Chapple was still living in Motueka, but later that year, his father-in-law designed him a large house to be built on the corner of Willis and Dixon Streets in Wellington. He moved to Wellington in 1892, where he continued to practice medicine. He was interested in issues of education and was a philanthropist. He was the president of the Wellington Swimming Club. He served on the Victoria College Council (these days the Victoria University of Wellington) until 1907.

## Member of Parliament

Chapple was associated with the New Zealand Liberal Party. He unsuccessfully stood as an Independent Liberal against William Henry Peter Barber in the Newtown electorate in the 1902 and 1905 general elections.
William Chapple represented the Tuapeka electorate in the New Zealand House of Representatives from June to October 1908 after a by-election, but was defeated in the 1908 general election by Robert Scott.
Later, Chapple was a Liberal Party Member of Parliament (MP) in the House of Commons at Westminster. He represented Stirlingshire from January 1910 until the constituency was abolished at the 1918 general election. On the reorganisation of constituencies in 1918, he was unsuccessful in Clackmannan and Eastern Stirlingshire, but returned at the 1922 general election as MP for Dumfriesshire, holding that seat until his defeat at the 1924 general election.

## Later life

Chapple strongly advocated Eugenics. He was the author of Fertility of the Unfit, in which he advocated enforced sterilization in certain cases. He also published How to Impress the Evils of Alcohol, First Principles in the Art of Physical Development and Cases and Comments from a Doctor's Practice.
In 1912, Chapple made large investments in property in the Canadian city of Vancouver.
Chapple died on 19 October 1936 in Paddington, London.
# Nikolai Kletochnikov

Nikolai Vasilievich Kletochnikov (Russian: Николай Васильевич Клеточников) (1847 – 13 July 1883) was a Russian revolutionary who volunteered to join the police to act as a source of inside information. Already terminally ill when he volunteered to help the revolutionaries, he died in prison.

## Career

Nikolai Kletochnikov was born in Penza, Russian Empire, into the minor nobility. His father was an architect. After graduating from the Penza gymnasium, he enrolled in St Petersburg University, but left after two years, after contracting tuberculosis. He moved to Crimea to work as a clerk. In 1873, he received a small inheritance from his parents, which he spent on a trip abroad, where he studied politics and living conditions in Europe. In 1877, he entered the St Petersburg Medical-Surgical Academy, hoping to make contact with radicals and become a revolutionary, but ill health forced him to return to Simferopol, and then Penza.
In 1878, Kletochnikov returned to St Petersburg and contacted A.D.Mikhailov, the leading organiser of the illegal socialist society, Zemlya i volya ("Land and Liberty") and volunteered to commit any act of terrorism as directed. Mikhailov persuaded him, instead, to enlist as an employee of the Third Section, or Okhrana, the organisation that hunted revolutionaries. He joined the service in January 1879, and in March was promoted to a position in the intelligence unit. There he impressed his superiors by his willingness to work hard, and with his excellent calligraphic handwriting, and was given the task of copying important documents. By memorising names, dates and other details, he was able to warn the revolutionaries of impending arrests and the identities of police informants.
When Zemlya i volia, Kletochnikov transferred his allegiance to Narodnaya Volya, which was planning and eventually carried out the assassination of the Tsar Alexander II, of which Mikhailov was the main organiser.
Kletnochikov was arrested in 1881, when he was hurrying to warn one of the revolutionaries of an impending arrest and walked into a police raid. In his initial interrogation, he told the police that he had been paid to act as a spy, which was untrue. At the Trial of the 20, in 1882, he was sentenced to death, but his sentence was commuted to life imprisonment. Already terminally ill, he went on hunger strike in July 1883 while being held in solitary confinement in the Alexis Ravelin of Peter and Paul Fortress. He died on 13 July 1883.
# Manjhu

Manjhu (Sindhi: مانجھو) is a small village in the district of Jamshoro. The population of the village is estimated to be between 800 and 900. The population contains a heavy part of the Lanjar, Khosa, Khaskheli, Panhwar, Mir Bahar (Mallah), and Baladi tribes. It is situated beside the Unarpur railway station and is two kilometers from the right bank of Indus River. The village also has a rich schooling system. The Department of Education and Literacy - Sindh has established primary schools for girls and boys in Manjhu.
The complete postal address of Manjhu is "Post Office and village Manhju, near railway station Unarpur, Taluka Kotri, District Jamshoro."Village had been electrified in the year 1989, water supply has been commissioned in 2016. Small dispensary under PPHI is functional. A link road connecting the village with the Indus Highway was provided in 2014.

## Notable residents

* Seth Harchandrai Vishandas, politician & lawyer, born in Manjhu
# Punchcasting

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#REDIRECT Podcast
# Portmead

Portmead (or Port Mead) (Welsh:Porthfedd ) is a suburban district of Swansea, Wales which falls within the Penderry ward. Portmead is mostly residential and approximates to the area either side of north western part of Pentregethin Road.
51°39′12″N 3°58′37″W﻿ / ﻿51.65333°N 3.97694°W﻿ / 51.65333; -3.97694
* This Swansea location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Faisal Arab

Faisal Arab (Urdu: فيصل عرب) is a Pakistani jurist who served as justice of the Supreme Court of Pakistan, from 13 December 2015 to 4 November 2020.
He was formerly the Chief Justice of Sindh High Court from 17 February 2015 until his appointment to the Supreme Court. who also served as head of a special three-member court to hear the high treason case against former military ruler General Pervez Musharraf in November 2013.
He was among those judges who refused to take the oath as a PCO judge in 2007. Justice Arab has been described, by legal observers, as liberal in his jurisprudence and has taken moderate stance on the judicial interpretation when deciding judgements on many cases of importance.

## Early life and education

Born on November 5, 1955, Justice Arab graduated in commerce in 1978 from the Government College of Commerce & Economics, Karachi, and completed his LLB in 1989 from Sindh Muslim Law College. He was enrolled as an advocate of the high court in 1992 and in the Supreme Court in 2005.

## Professional and Judicial Career

As a lawyer, he first interned at Fakhruddin G. Ebrahim & Company in 1990. Then he worked in his law firm in the name of Faisal Arab & Associates from 2000 to 2005. Mr.Arab was appointed additional judge of the Sindh High Court in October 2005 and a permanent judge of the Sindh High Court on October 25, 2006. However he, along with other judges, was deposed when General Parvez Musharraf declared a state of emergency in the country and promulgated his infamous November 3, 2007 Provisional Constitutional Order. Justice Arab was among those judges who refused to take the oath as a PCO judge in 2007. Among legal circles, Justice Arab is known for his quick disposal of cases.
Justice Arab was appointed head of a special three-member court to hear the high treason case against former military ruler Gen Pervez Musharraf in November 2013. He conducted the proceedings in a very fair manner and without any bias," says Barrister Farogh Naseem (counsel for the accused), referring to the fact that his client had imposed a state of emergency that led to the removal of several judges, including Justice Arab. He was appointed as Chief Justice of Sindh High Court on 17 February 2015.
# Siah Cheshmeh (disambiguation)

Siah Cheshmeh is a city in West Azerbaijan Province, Iran.
Siah Cheshmeh or Siah Chashmeh (Persian: سيه چشمه) may also refer to:
* Siah Cheshmeh, Lorestan
* Siah Cheshmeh, Tehran
# Verin Ptghni

40°16′13″N 44°36′04″E﻿ / ﻿40.27028°N 44.60111°E﻿ / 40.27028; 44.60111
Verin Ptghni (Armenian: Վերին Պտղնի), is a village in the Kotayk Province of Armenia.
# Spiritual Discourses (book)

Spiritual Discourses (also known as Spiritual Sayings (Persian: گفتارهای معنوی) or Spiritual Freedom (Persian: آزادی معنوی)) is a book of fifteen lectures delivered by Morteza Motahhari. The common aspect of all of these lectures is their reflection on self-improvement and self-cultivation, though they also address social issues at some points.

## Background

Most of the lectures were delivered in Hosseiniyeh Ershad between 1968 and 1971 in Iran, Tehran. Their subject matter concerns spiritual issues around self-construction and self-cultivation. Morteza Motahhari references philosophical anthropology to explain and explore these concepts.
The first edition of Spiritual Discourses was published in 1986, consisting of thirteen lectures across eight chapters in Iran. In the nineteenth edition, two lectures were added to the second chapter. The Persian title of the book, گفتارهای معنوی, was renamed to Spiritual Freedom (آزادی معنوی) after several editions by the publisher. It has been reprinted more than 80 times in Iran.

## Chapters

The book has eight chapters:
* Spiritual Freedom (Persian: آزادی معنوی) – two lectures delivered in 1969 in Hosseiniyeh Ershad, Tehran.
* Worship and Prayer (Persian: عبادت و دعا) – four lectures delivered in 1970 in Hosseiniyeh Ershad, Tehran.
* Repentance (Persian: توبه) – two lectures delivered in 1970 in Hosseiniyeh Ershad, Tehran.
* Migration and Jihad (Persian: هجرت و جهاد) – three lectures delivered in 1971 in Naarmak Mosque, Tehran.
* Nobility and Magnanimity of Spirit (Persian: بزرگی و بزرگواری روح) – a lecture delivered on November 8, 1970, in Hosseiniyeh Ershad, Tehran.
* Belief in the Unseen (Persian: ایمان به غیب) – a lecture delivered in November 1968 in a private home.
* The Criteria for Humanity (Persian: معیار انسانیت چیست؟) – a university lecture.
* The School of Humanity (Persian: مکتب انسانیت) – a lecture delivered at the College of Engineering, University of Tehran.

## Reception

In a meeting with a group of poets on August 15, 2011, Ali Khamenei, Supreme Leader of Iran, recommended the book after pointing out the usefulness of reading the Quran, Nahj al-Balagha and Al-Sahifa al-Sajjadiyya.

## Translations

The book was originally published in Persian, and has been translated into English, Urdu, Spanish and Arabic.
# Michael Ryderstedt

Michael Ryderstedt (born 12 November 1984) is a former professional tennis player from Sweden.
Ryderstedt was born in Stockholm. In August 2001, at the Fischer Junior Open he captured the doubles title with Dudi Sela of Israel.
His best accomplishment on the ATP tour until 2011 is his semifinal at the 2004 If Stockholm Open, where he was defeated by that year's eventual winner Thomas Johansson.
Ryderstedt's highest singles ranking was World No. 130 (July 2005) and his highest doubles ranking was World No. 154 (June 2009). In October 2012, Ryderstedt announced his retirement from tennis.

## ATP career finals
### Doubles: 1 (0–1)

* Legend (pre/post 2009)
* Grand Slam Tournaments (0–0)
* Tennis Masters Cup / ATP World Tour Finals (0–0)
* ATP Masters Series / ATP World Tour Masters 1000 (0–0)
* ATP International Series Gold / ATP World Tour 500 Series (0–0)
* ATP International Series / ATP World Tour 250 Series (0–1)
* Finals by surface
* Hard (0–1)
* Clay (0–0)
* Grass (0–0)
* Carpet (0–0)
| Outcome | No. | Date | Tournament | Surface | Partner | Opponents in the final | Score in the final |
| Runner-up | 1. | 12 October 2008 | Stockholm, Sweden | Hard (i) | Johan Brunström | Jonas Björkman Kevin Ullyett | 1–6, 3–6 |

## Challenger Singles titles

* Legend (singles)
* Grand Slam (0)
* Tennis Masters Cup (0)
* ATP Masters Series (0)
* ATP Tour (0)
* Challengers (1)
| No. | Date | Tournament | Surface | Opponent in the final | Score |
| 1. | 7 February 2005 | Dallas, U.S. | Hard | André Sá | $^2$6–7, 7–6$^5$, 6–2 |

## Challenger Doubles titles

| No. | Date | Tournament | Surface | Partner | Opponents in the final | Score |
| 1. | 1 May 2006 | Telde, Spain | Clay | Adam Chadaj | David Marrero Daniel Muñoz de la Nava | 5–7, 6–3, [10–7] |
| 2. | 28 July 2008 | Tampere, Finland | Clay | Ervin Eleskovic | Harri Heliövaara Henri Kontinen | 6–3, 6–4 |

### Runners-up (6)

| No. | Date | Tournament | Surface | Partner | Opponents in the final | Score |
| 1. | 19 July 2004 | Valladolid, Spain | Hard | Aisam-ul-Haq Qureshi | Jean-François Bachelot Nicolas Mahut | 6–3, 6–4 |
| 2. | 31 July 2006 | Timişoara, Romania | Clay | Ervin Eleskovic | Victor Crivoi Victor Ioniță | 6–3, 6–4 |
| 3. | 17 July 2007 | Manchester, United Kingdom | Grass | Jesse Huta Galung | Rohan Bopanna Aisam-ul-Haq Qureshi | 4–6, 6–3, [10–5] |
| 4. | 29 October 2007 | Louisville, U.S. | Hard | Richard Bloomfield | John Isner Travis Parrott | 6–4, 6–4 |
| 5. | 9 November 2008 | Rimouski, Canada | Hard (i) | Kristian Pless | Vasek Pospisil Milos Raonic | 5–7, 6–4, [10–6] |
| 6. | 7 August 2011 | Beijing, China | Hard | Harri Heliövaara | Sanchai Ratiwatana Sonchat Ratiwatana | 6–7$^{(4–7)}$, 6–3, [10–3] |
# Kim Ransa

Kim Ransa (Korean: 김란사; 1872–1919), was a Korean independence activist. She was also a teacher of Yu Gwan-sun, who organized the March 1st Movement against Japanese rule.

## Early life

Kim Ransa was born in 1872 in Pyongyang. Despite the school policy that banned the admission of married women, she successfully persuaded the educators of Ewha Haktang and became a student in 1896 at the age of 24. Later on, she studied at Ohio Wesleyan University, becoming the first Korean woman to study abroad and earn a bachelor's degree.

## Teaching career

After her graduation, Kim returned from the United States and started teaching English and Bible in Ewha Hakdang. She then became an advisor for a student-led organization called Ewha Literary Society (E-mun-hai) which played a pivotal role in guiding Yu Gwan-sun to lead a peaceful demonstration with other female students. Kim encouraged Yu Gwan-sun to become "a light for Korea," and join the organization. Kim then became the only Korean professor to join the establishment of the first women's college at Ewha Haktang in 1910 and eventually served as the vice principal.

## Independence advocacy

With the trust of Gojong, the last king of Joseon and the first Emperor of Korea, Kim played an essential role as a translator and an emissary in the Korean independence movement. In 1919, Gojong and Kim made plans to send delegates (including Kim) to the Paris Peace Conference seeking foreign support for Korean independence, but the attempt stopped after the sudden death of Gojong on January 21, 1919.

## Death

In 1919, Kim traveled to Beijing in order to attend the Paris Peace Conference. After having a meal with Korean residents in Beijing, she fell ill and eventually died at the age of 47. There were witnesses that Kim's corpse turned black (potentially due to poisoning), but the official cause of death was not determined.

## Legacy

Kim is known for her advocacy of women empowerment through education. In response to a piece written by Yun Chi-ho in the journal The Korea Mission Field in July 1911 detailing the need for Korean women to learn how to do household chores, Kim published a rebuttal piece asserting that "the purpose of education for women is not to cook or sew better," and that "women students should not be blamed, with a lack of evidence, for not knowing how to do laundry nor ironing.
In 1995, Kim was posthumously awarded with the Order of Merit for National Foundation.