OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Timation

The Timation satellites were conceived, developed, and launched by the United States Naval Research Laboratory in Washington, D.C. beginning in 1964. The concept of Timation was to broadcast an accurate time reference for use as a ranging signal to receivers on the ground.
On 31 May 1967, the Timation 1 satellite was launched. This was followed by the Timation 2 (NRL-PL 169) satellite launch in 1969.
In 1973 the U.S. Navy Timation and the Air Force System 621B navigation system (known as the DNSS - Defense Navigation Satellite System) are consolidated by the Deputy Secretary of Defense.
Two more advanced Timation satellites are launched. NTS-1 - Navigation Technology Satellite (Timation 3) is launched in 1974, while NTS-2 (Timation 4) is launched in 1977.
The results of this program and Air Force Project 621B formed the basis for the Global Positioning System (GPS). The Navy's contribution to the GPS program continued to be focused on ever more accurate clocks.

## History

There is a historical connection between accurate time keeping, navigation, and the Navy. In 1714, the British government passed the Longitude Act (see longitude prize) to create an incentive to solve the problem of navigation at sea. The solution, developed by John Harrison, was an accurate clock which could compare local time to Greenwich, England time. To this day, Coordinated Universal Time (UTC), the successor of Greenwich Mean Time (GMT), is the reference time for the planet, and in the United States, the official time for the Department of Defense (DoD) is kept by the United States Navy at the U.S. Naval Observatory in Washington, D.C. This is kept in synchronization with the official civilian time reference maintained by National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and contributes to the International Atomic Time.

## Satellites

| Satellite | Launch | Launch Pad | Launcher | NSSDC ID | |
| Timation 1 | 31 May 1967 | SLC 2W | Thor-DM21 Agena-D | 1967-053E | with Poppy 5A, 5B, 5C, 5D; Calsphere 3, 4; NRL-PL 150B and OPS 5712 |
| Timation 2 | 30 September 1969 | SLC 1W | Thorad-SLV2G Agena-D | 1969-082B | with Poppy 6A, 6B, 6C, 6D; Tempsat 2; SOICAL Cone, Cylinder; Weston; NRL-PL 176 |
| NTS-1 (Timation 3) | 14 July 1974 | SLC 3W | Atlas F PTS | 1974-054A | |
| NTS-2 (Timation 4) | 23 June 1977 | SLC 3W | Atlas F SGS-1 | 1977-053A | |
# Consortium of Mongolian Universities and Colleges

The Consortium of Mongolian Universities and Colleges (CMUC; Mongolian: Монголын их, дээд сургуулиудын консорциум) is a consortium of higher-education institutions in Mongolia. Established in 1995, it is a non-governmental organization dedicated to enhance cooperation, innovation and creativity in higher education development in Mongolia.
With the original members comprising most of Mongolia's state-run institutions, namely the Mongolian University of Science and Technology, Mongolian State University of Education, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Mongolian State University of Agriculture, and the Mongolian State University of Arts and Culture, as of May 2020 it has 53 members.
# Shahriyarnameh

Shahriyarnameh (Persian: شهریارنامه) is an epic poem in Persian which relates the stories of Shahriyar son of Borzu son of Sohrab son of Rostam. The stories take place in Hend, Send and Sarandip. According to Zabihollah Safa, the author of this epic is Othman Mokhtari, but Abbas Eqbal Ashtiani, Parviz Natel-Khanlari and Jalaluddin Homai reject this theory. The story has survived in three incomplete manuscripts which differs considerably, but all of them relate the same story. The first manuscripts seems to be from 18th century and contains 180 papers. In this manuscript, the author mentions his name as "Farrokhi". The second manuscript is kept in Tajikistan and contains the most comprehensive version of the poem. The third manuscript contains 32 papers and is kept in Britain.
The poem is dedicated to the Ghaznavid ruler, Mas'ud III.
# Ovidiu Cotruș

Ovidiu Cotruș (February 24, 1926–September 12, 1977) was a Romanian essayist and literary critic.

## Early life

Born in Oradea, his parents were Sabin Cotruș, a geography teacher, and his wife Claudia (née Popa); his uncle was Aron Cotruș. He began high school in Oradea, continuing at the Moise Nicoară High School in Arad. The family had taken refuge there due to the Second Vienna Award's 1940 grant of their native Northern Transylvania to Hungary, and Cotruș graduated in 1944. He studied at the literature and philosophy faculty of the University of Cluj from 1944 to 1948. At the beginning of his university career, this institution was in Sibiu, because Cluj had been integrated into Hungary through the Vienna Award. He was received into the Sibiu Literary Circle, where he was an active participant. Although Cotruș' first published work had appeared in 1943, in the Arad Societatea de mâine magazine, he considered his real debut to have taken place in 1945. This involved poems and reviews published under the pen name Ovidiu Sabin in Revista Cercului Literar din Sibiu, the Circle's publication.

## Background

The communist regime carried out repression against members of this group; Cotruș became a wanted man who for a time managed to hide with acquaintances in various isolated villages, aided by false documents procured with the help of his future wife, Delia Giurgiu. For a time, the authorities, who accused him of treason, believed he had fled to Paris in 1948. He was subjected to a political trial in absentia in April 1949, sentenced to seven years' imprisonment for conspiracy against the public order. Finally arrested in Bucharest in 1951, he was sent to Jilava Prison; in November 1953, he was sentenced to an extra year for falsifying documents. While incarcerated, he taught fellow inmates about literature from the confines of his cell, aided by his excellent memory. Transferred to the prison in Oradea, he was amnestied in September 1955. Gravely ill, he spent the next three years in hospitals. He re-entered literary life in 1965, when he became editor at Familia, remaining until 1972. His career was beginning to demonstrate promise when he died prematurely of a serious illness. A street in Timișoara now bears his name.
Cotruș' contributions also appeared in Secolul 20, Luceafărul, and Orizont. His first book, the monograph Opera lui Mateiu I. Caragiale, was published posthumously in 1977. It was followed in 1983 by Meditații critice, a book of studies about Romanian and foreign authors. He took part in several cultural events in Yugoslavia, Spain, Canada, and France; in the latter country, he attended a ten-day festival in 1969 at the Centre culturel international de Cerisy-la-Salle, dedicated to Georges Bernanos. While engaged in these meetings, he published commentaries and reports in magazines abroad. During his last years, he spent time preparing an anthology and collection of interviews with André Malraux, Jean Grosjean, Pierre Emmanuel, Georges Poulet, Jacques Madaule [fr], Eugenio Coșeriu, László Gáldi [hu], and Carlo Tagliavini [it].
# Pavel Ivashentsev

Pavel Sergeyevich Ivashentsev (Russian: Павел Серге́евич Ивашенцев; born 17 April 1988) is a former Russian professional football player.

## Club career

He played two seasons in the Russian Football National League for FC SKA Rostov-on-Don and FC KAMAZ Naberezhnye Chelny.
# Bijan Birang

Bijan Birang (Persian: بیژن بیرنگ) (Born:1950, Tabriz, Iran) is an Iranian film director, producer, scriptwriter in the Persian cinema and Media.

## Early life

Birang was born in 1950 in Tabriz, Iran. He then went to University of Tehran, Department of Fine Arts in 1976 and finally emigrated to United States and graduated from University of Southern California in the field of Educational technology.
Birang started his cinematic career by screenwriting. Then he resumed his career by involving on IRIB's projects, such as comedy and children's programs .

## Filmography
### Cinema

* 1 - Iranian dinner (2011)
* 2 - The Love Story (2006)
* 3 - Cinderella (2001)
* 4 - Ali and jungle's devil (1988)

### Series

* Love is not Closed (2014)
# Milenko Bojanić

Milenko Bojanić (Serbian Cyrillic: Миленко Бојанић; 24 September 1924, in Aradac – 22 May 1987, in Belgrade) was a Yugoslav politician and university professor.
# Eminabad

Eminabad (Punjabi: ایمن آباد), formerly known as Saidpur, is a town located in the southeast of Gujranwala city, in Punjab province, Pakistan. It is 12 to 15 km away from Gujranwala city. According to the census of 2017 it has a population of 27,460 inhabitants.

## History

It is believed that Eminabad was established by Raja Salvahan, Sialkot's Rajput ruler in the 1st century BCE, as Saidpur.
During the 16th century, a period marked by Babur's invasion, the town was sacked in 1521. Hymns by Guru Nanak provide vivid descriptions of the devastation experienced in Saidpur, including his and companion Bhai Mardana's imprisonment with the town's populace. After an influential meeting with Guru Nanak, Babur was so inspired by his spirituality that he released all Saidpur's prisoners. Post this event, Sikh folklore notes that Guru Nanak and Bhai Lalo resided at a heap of broken pebbles, a location known as Rori Sahib, situated on present-day Eminabad's outskirts.
Following Saidpur's demolition, Sher Shah Suri founded a new city, Shergarh. However, it was Emin or Ameen Beig, Humayun's general, who destroyed Sher Shah Suri's garrison and established a new town named after himself during Akbar's reign.
In 1610, English merchant, William Finch, noted Eminabad as a thriving city. For the next century, its prosperity continued, bolstered by fertile lands, strategic location, and the protective Mughal Empire. Eminabad also served as the Parganah headquarters in the Lahore governorate, generating 900,000 rupees in revenue.
However, the Mughal Empire's administrative weakness post-Aurangzeb encouraged anti-state insurgencies, including Sikh groups in Punjab. After Diwan Jaspat Rai of Eminabad was killed by Sikh bandits in 1738, his brother Lakhpat Rai retaliated, capturing numerous outlaws and executing them outside Delhi Gate in Lahore, known as Shahid Ganj.
By the late 18th century, the waning Mughal administration struggled to thwart rebel activities and invasions. This period witnessed frequent assaults on Shah Alam II's reign, notably from Ahmed Shah Abdali, Marathas, Hindu Jats of Bharatpur, and the Sikhs.
In 1760, Charat Singh, Ranjit Singh's grandfather, took control of Eminabad. Later, under Ranjit Singh's rule, Dhyan Singh from Jammu was awarded the town. Over three centuries, the town transformed from Saidpur to Shergarh to Eminabad, blossoming into a thriving hub of wealth and power by the late 19th century.
In 1880, a railway line connecting Lahore and Rawalpindi, revolutionized Eminabad's transport system, expanding access to business and employment opportunities in Lahore, the closest major city.

## Demographics

Eminabad's Hindu population held greater wealth, operating large businesses across the country and holding superior state institution roles, especially in Jammu and Kashmir.
# Smolov

Smolov (Russian: Смолов) is a Russian masculine surname, its feminine counterpart is Smolova. The surname is derived from the Russian word смола (smola, meaning "resin"). It may refer to:
* Fyodor Smolov (born 1990), Russian football player
* Polina Smolova (born 1980), Belarusian pop singer
* Sybil Smolova, Czech-Austrian dancer and film actress of the silent era
# Kim Kyo-bin

Kim Kyo-Bin (Korean: 김교빈; born 29 December 1987) is a retired South Korean footballer who played as a goalkeeper.
He previously played for both Jeonnam Dragons and Daegu FC both in the K-League. In 2013, he joined Incheon United in the K League Classic.
# Lockheed CL-400 Suntan

Suntan was the code-name of a prototype reconnaissance aircraft program, with the goal of creating a much faster and higher-altitude successor to the U-2, enabled by the use of liquid hydrogen (LH2) as aircraft fuel. The program was cancelled in 1958.
Starting in 1956, the United States Air Force funded a highly secretive program of research and development on high-speed aircraft for long-range reconnaissance. Lockheed's Skunk Works was the natural partner for this work, having successfully delivered the U-2 and having all the required secrecy and security arrangements to keep the program secret.
Lockheed settled on the CL-400 design, which looked like a greatly scaled-up Lockheed F-104 Starfighter. The main change to the layout was the twin engines, mounted on the wing tips. This was done to ensure that the liquid hydrogen, which was stored in the fuselage, would have to pass through the aircraft's hot wings (up to 436 Kelvin) to reach the engines; a vacuum sealed, insulated line was provided to do this. LH2 was selected due to its predictable burning characteristics and the fuel's light weight, although the low density required the enormous fuselage to hold the required fuel load. In addition to Lockheed, Pratt and Whitney played a major part.
Program successes included the concept design of a Mach 2.5 aircraft capable of flying at 30,000 meters, and successful conversion of an existing turbojet engine to run on liquid hydrogen, as well as 25+ hours of testing on a customized LH2 engine design. Techniques for handling LH2 on the ground, including making the fuel, transporting and rapid refuelling systems, were all developed as part of the program.
Ultimately, budgetary pressures and difficulty achieving sufficient range, plus the fact that an LH2-powered aircraft was considered too dangerous and expensive to maintain, led to the project's cancellation. In addition, the unusual fuel would have meant that existing airbases would have needed extensive facilities to handle the aircraft.
However, the aircraft research was redirected to more conventionally fueled designs and resulted in the successful SR-71. By advancing the state of the art in LH2 propulsion, and by establishing an industrial infrastructure for high-volume hydrogen production, the groundwork was laid for successful use of liquid hydrogen as a liquid rocket propellant for the Apollo program and the Space Shuttle.
The existence of the CL-400 was not fully disclosed to the public until the 1970s, when Lockheed discussed the possibility of using hydrogen as an alternative fuel for future aircraft.
# Cherkassy, Russia

Cherkassy (Russian: Черкассы) is the name of several rural localities in Russia:
* Cherkassy, Davlekanovsky District, Republic of Bashkortostan, a village in Sokolovsky Selsoviet of Davlekanovsky District in the Republic of Bashkortostan
* Cherkassy, Sterlitamaksky District, Republic of Bashkortostan, a village in Krasnoyarsky Selsoviet of Sterlitamaksky District in the Republic of Bashkortostan
* Cherkassy, Ufimsky District, Republic of Bashkortostan, a selo in Cherkassky Selsoviet of Ufimsky District in the Republic of Bashkortostan
* Cherkassy, Kursk Oblast, a khutor in Artyukhovsky Selsoviet of Oktyabrsky District in Kursk Oblast
* Cherkassy, Lipetsk Oblast, a selo in Cherkassky Selsoviet of Yeletsky District in Lipetsk Oblast; 52°42′N 38°44′E﻿ / ﻿52.700°N 38.733°E﻿ / 52.700; 38.733
* Cherkassy, Orenburg Oblast, a selo in Cherkassky Selsoviet of Saraktashsky District in Orenburg Oblast
* Cherkassy, Penza Oblast, a selo in Potlovsky Selsoviet of Kolyshleysky District in Penza Oblast
* Cherkassy, Tula Oblast, a selo in Yablonevsky Rural Okrug of Kamensky District in Tula Oblast
# Ardchronie

Ardchronie (Scottish Gaelic: Àird Chrònaidh) is a hamlet in the Highland Council area of Scotland. It lies on the south side of the Dornoch Firth, about 2 miles south of Bonar Bridge. Upper Ardchronie is on the hill above Ardchronie.
# Mary Green (painter)

Mary Green born Mary Byrne (1766 – 22 October 1845) was a British painter who exhibited at the Royal Academy at the beginning of the nineteenth century.

## Life

Mary Byrne was born in 1766. She was the second daughter of engraver William Byrne. Her brother, John Byrne, was also an artist. Her father engraved landscapes and Mary became a miniature painter after studying with Arlaud. Her work was accepted for exhibition at the Royal Academy in 1795, and she continued to exhibit there until 1835. She also exhibited at other institutions until 1845, including at the British Institution and the Society of British Artists. She married the painter James Green on 13 February 1805 in Marylebone and their children included the notable painter Benjamin Richard Green. Mary Green died on 22 October 1845 and was buried in Kensal Green Cemetery.

## Legacy

Some of Green's correspondence is in the Victoria and Albert Museum and a portrait by her of Queen Adelaide is in the Royal Collection.
# Petroleum Act 1871

The Petroleum Act 1871 (34 & 35 Vict. c. 105) is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom to regulate the storage and transport of petroleum and similar substances.

## Background

The storage and transport of petroleum and petroleum products had been controlled by the Petroleum Acts 1862 to 1868. By 1871 the provisions of these Acts required to be updated; the 1871 Act was intended to enact these requirements. The Petroleum Act 1862 and the Petroleum Act 1868 were wholly repealed by the 1871 Act.

## Petroleum Act 1871

The Petroleum Act 1871 received royal assent on 21 August 1871. Its long title is 'An Act for the safe keeping of petroleum and other substances of a like nature'.

### Provisions

The Act comprises 18 sections and two schedules:
* Section 1. Short title of Act
* Section 2. Interpretation of certain terms in the Act
* Section 3. Definition of Petroleum and application of Act
* Section 4. Bye-laws as to ship carrying petroleum
* Section 5. Notice by owner or master of ship carrying petroleum
* Section 6. Label on vessels containing petroleum
* Section 7. Regulations as to storage of petroleum
* Section 8. Definition of local authority
* Section 9. Mode of granting licenses
* Section 10. In case of refusal of licence
* Section 11. Testing of petroleum by officer of local authority
* Section 12. Penalty for refusing information and obstructing officer
* Section 13. Search for petroleum
* Section 14. Application of Act to other substances
* Section 15. Summary proceedings for offences, penalties &c.
* Section 16. Reservation of previous powers with respect to inflammable substances
* Section 17. Repeal of Acts
* Section 18. Duration of Act (until 1 October 1872)
* Schedule 1. Replaced by Schedule 1 of 1879 Act
* Schedule 2. Repealed by Statute Law Revision Act 1883

## Aftermath

The Petroleum Act 1871 was time-limited, it expired on 1 October 1872 (1871 act section 18). The 1871 act was continued by annual statutes until 1879. Section 4 of the Petroleum Act 1879 enacted that the 1871 act shall continue in force until otherwise directed by Parliament.
The 1871 act required harbour authorities to make by-laws regulating the trade in petroleum. The Thames Conservancy as harbour authority for the Port of London made bye-laws in 1872 which prohibited any vessel with a cargo of petroleum from proceeding above or westward of Thames Haven in Essex. Ships were required to offload cargo into covered barges for carriage into London.
The Petroleum Act 1871 was amended by the Petroleum Act 1879.
The Petroleum Acts 1871 and 1879 were still the principal acts controlling the licensing, storage and use of petroleum and petroleum products in the late 1920s. They were both repealed by the Petroleum (Consolidation) Act 1928.
The Petroleum Act 1871 applied to Ireland and remained a statute of the Republic of Ireland until 1972 when it was repealed by the Dangerous Substances Act 1972.
# Janusz Radziwiłł (1579–1620)

Janusz Radziwiłł (Lithuanian: Jonušas Radvila; 2 July 1579 – 3 December 1620) was a noble and magnate of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. He was the deputy cup-bearer of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania since 1599, the castellan of Vilnius since 1619, and the starost of Borysów. Radziwiłł also held the title of Reichsfürst (Imperial Prince) of the Holy Roman Empire.
He married Zofia Olelkowicz Słucka on 1 October 1600. She died in 1612, and was canonized by the Belarusian Orthodox Church as saint Sofia of Slutsk thanks to her charity and miracles on the grave. Zofia's large estate (seven castles and palaces and some thirty-two villages) contributed to the already significant Radziwłł's wealth. His second marriage was to Elisabeth Sophia of Brandenburg, daughter of John George, Elector of Brandenburg, on 27 March 1613 in Berlin.
It was during Radziwiłł's life that the interests between his family and the Polish Crown began to drift apart, as the Radziwiłłs sought to increase their wealth and power, safeguard Protestantism and support ethnically Lithuanian culture.
In 1606 he joined the opposition against King Sigismund III Vasa and became one of the leaders of the Zebrzydowski's Rokosz. This confederatio, an armed and legal rebellion, was aimed at weakening the king.
Janusz Radziwiłł is one of the characters on the painting by Jan Matejko: Kazanie Skargi (The Sermon of Piotr Skarga).
# John F. Grundhofer

John F. Grundhofer (January 1, 1939 – January 24, 2021) was a director of Donaldson Company, Securian Financial Group Inc., and BJ's Restaurant & Brewery. He served as Chairman (1990–1997 and 1999–2002), Chief Executive Officer (1990–2001) and President (1990–1999 and 2000–2001) of U.S. Bancorp (formerly First Bank System), a financial services provider. On retirement he was succeeded by his brother Jerry Grundhofer.
He was a graduate of Loyola High School (Los Angeles) and Loyola Marymount University. He received an MBA in Finance from the University of Southern California.
Grundhofer was purportedly kidnapped from a Minneapolis parking garage in November 1990. He escaped after being bound and stuffed in a sleeping bag. No one was ever charged in the kidnapping.
# Tommy Gray (rugby union)

Tommy Gray (20 January 1917 – 3 April 2000) was a Scotland international rugby union player. He played at Full Back and Fly-half.

## Rugby career
### Amateur career

Gray started with Heriots as a graduate of Heriot's College in Edinburgh. He moved to Northampton to play for the Saints in 1947. He later moved back to Edinburgh to play for Heriots.

### Provincial career

While with Northampton he played for East Midlands.

### International career

Gray played five Services internationals for Scotland between 1942 and 1944.
Gray was capped three times for Scotland. Notably he won the Calcutta Cup against England at Murrayfield Stadium in 1950 by kicking the match-winning conversion.

## Outside of rugby

As a King's Own Scottish Borderer, Gray had half of his left foot blown off by an anti-tank shell in the Second World War when in the Netherlands, near Kasteel Blijenbeek. Working for an insurance company, he was posted to Northampton; a town at the centre of the shoe industry. Gray had special boots made and this allowed him to play rugby and also kick conversions and penalties.
# The Tale of John and Mary

The Tale of John and Mary (Czech: Pohádka o Honzíkovi a Mařence) is a 1980 Czechoslovak animated film directed by Karel Zeman. This is the last film by Zeman, based on Czech fairy tales. The film is created using cutout animation.
The images of John and Mary were featured at the 200 Czech Crown silver coin minted in memory of Zeman.
# Manuel Pérez Vila

Manuel Pérez Vila (3 September 1922 in Girona, Spain – 8 May 1991 in Caracas, Venezuela) was a Venezuelan historian and professor.