OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Cambodian National Unity Party

The Cambodian National Unity Party (Khmer: គណបក្សសាមគ្គីជាតិកម្ពុជា) was a political party set up by the Khmer Rouge on 30 November 1992, during the United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia to participate in the elections that year. The party was led by Khieu Samphan and Son Sen. It succeeded the Party of Democratic Kampuchea after 1993. As with the PDK, the National Army of Democratic Kampuchea was said to be its armed wing. Its professed aim at its founding was to "work towards implementing multi-party liberal democracy." Its radio station was known as the Voice of the Great National Union Front of Cambodia until being replaced in July 1994 by PGNUNSC Radio.
Despite its stated wish to contest the 1993 elections, the Khmer Rouge soon ran into various disputes with United Nations authorities in Cambodia, culminating in their desire to boycott the elections. Subsequently, UNTAC decided not to conduct elections in areas under CNUP control. At the time it was estimated that approximately six percent of the population in Cambodia lived in areas under Khmer Rouge control. In July 1994, the PDK was declared illegal by the government, and the self-proclaimed "Provisional Government of National Union and National Salvation of Cambodia" was subsequently set up with involvement by CNUP members.
In August 1996, the party suffered a split when Ieng Sary and his followers in North-Western Cambodia broke away and founded the Democratic National Union Movement. In May 1997, Khieu Samphan founded the Khmer National Solidarity Party after defecting from the Khmer Rouge.
# Andrei Nikolayev (clown)

Andrei Nikolayevich Nikolayev (Russian: Андрей Николаевич Николаев, 27 March 1938 – 14 August 2023) was a Soviet and Russian clown, artistic director and teacher.

## Biography

Nikolayev graduated from the State School of Circus in 1958, and from the Russian Institute of Theatre Arts in 1973 with an artistic director degree. During his early career he assisted Karandash and Emil Kio, but since 1960s performed on his own. In 1978 he became head of the group "Komediinyi Tsirk" (Comedy Cricus) and designed the spectacles I Work As a Clown (Russian: Я работаю клоуном, 1978) and Topsy-turvy (Russian: Шиворот-навыворот, 1987), where he also played leading roles. In the 1990s he wrote several award-winning compositions for other clowns, including his son Andrei Nikolayev Jr. (1966–2007).
Nikolayev was awarded Grock d'or in 1969 and became a People's Artist of the RSFSR in 1980. From 1976 he lectured at the Russian Institute of Theatre Arts.
Nikolayev died on 14 August 2023, at the age of 85.
# Shakheh (disambiguation)

Shakheh is a village in Ilam Province, Iran.
Shakheh (Persian: شاخه) may also refer to:
* Shakheh, alternate name of Shakh Kupal, Khuzestan Province
* Shakheh-ye Albu Shahbaz, Khuzestan Province
* Shakheh-ye Ghanem, Khuzestan Province
* Shakheh-ye Jadid, Khuzestan Province
* Shakheh-ye Mobaderi, Khuzestan Province
* Shakheh-ye Pain, Andimeshk, Khuzestan Province
* Shakheh-ye Sofla, Khuzestan Province
# Kartsev

Kartsev (Russian: Карцев) is a Russian masculine surname, its feminine counterpart is Kartseva. Notable people with the surname include:
* Aleksandr Kartsev (born 2001), Russian artistic gymnast
* Denis Kartsev (born 1976), Russian ice hockey winger
* Leonid N. Kartsev (1922–2013), Russian tank designer
* Vasili Kartsev (1920–1987), Russian football player
# Battle of Gammelsdorf

The Battle of Gammelsdorf (German: Schlacht von Gammelsdorf) took place in November 1313. The cause of the skirmish was the guardianship of the underage duke of Lower Bavaria. This was sought by both Duke Louis the Bavarian and Duke Frederick I of Austria. It circled around the question of who would execute tutelage over the minor children of the late Lower Bavarian Dukes, thus also commanding the tremendous economic power of that region. Their Upper Bavarian cousin, Duke Louis, the later Emperor Louis IV, the Bavarian, as agreements within the several branches of the Bavarian line of the House of Wittelsbach determined and as the burghers of the Lower Bavarian cities wanted to see it done, or Duke Frederick I of Austria, the Fair, also Louis' cousin, both having been raised and educated together in Vienna.
After Louis had militarily occupied the then two most important towns of Bavaria, Landshut and Straubing, the ducal widows decided to call their children's Austrian cousin for assistance – though in the decade before, Lower Bavaria had bitterly fought Austria over lands, economic resources, and sovereignty.
The Upper Bavarians and troops deputized by the Lower Bavarian towns were led by Duke Louis. While the probably numerically superior nobility or aristocracy and knighthood of Lower Bavaria and the Austrians were led by Duke Frederic.
Finally – though more of a skirmish than a battle – the decisive engagement for control over those fertile, economically attractive lands was fought at Gammelsdorf on 9 November 1313 between Bavaria and Austria.
The weather worked to Louis' advantage. A thick fog covered the battlefield, so that Louis's actual strength was hidden from Frederick. Louis' city militias fought on foot, though others were mounted.
At the end of the day, Louis' smaller force was victorious. Nonetheless, he did not pursue and destroy Frederick's defeated fighters, and no names of the fallen nobles were recorded.
Frederick was forced to renounce his tutelage over the Lower Bavarian dukes, and maybe even more important for the man from Munich, he had put a halt on Habsburg desires for annexation of parts of Bavaria for a long time.
A monument stands in memory of the battle near the battlefield.
# Pak Jong-gun

Pak Jong-gun (Korean: 박정근) is a North Korean politician who is serving as a member of the Politburo of the Workers' Party of Korea and Vice Premier of North Korea as well as chairman of the National Planning Commission.

## Biography

In January 2021 he was promoted to a member of the 8th Central Committee at the 8th Congress of the Workers' Party of Korea, and was elected as a candidate member of the Politburo as a vice-chairman of the National Planning Commission at the 1st Central Committee of the 8th Congress on January 10. On December 31, 2021, he was promoted to a member of the Politburo at the 4th Plenary Session of the 8th Workers' Party of Korea and head of the National Planning Commission under the Cabinet of North Korea. On April 10, he was included in the group of leaders at the Central Reporting Conference on the 10th anniversary of the appointment of Kim Jong Un.
# Berezhok, Vologodsky District, Vologda Oblast

Berezhok (Russian: Бережок) is a rural locality (a village) in Novlenskoye Rural Settlement, Vologodsky District, Vologda Oblast, Russia. The population was 7 in 2002.

## Geography

Berezhok is located 47 km northwest of Vologda (the district's administrative centre) by road. Pokrovskoye is the nearest rural locality.
# Central District (Birjand County)

The Central District of Birjand County (Persian: بخش مرکزی شهرستان بیرجند) is in South Khorasan province, Iran. Its capital is the city of Birjand.

## History

After the 2016 National Census, Shakhen and Shakhenat Rural Districts were separated from the district in the establishment of Shakhenat District.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2006 census, the district's population was 196,834 in 52,986 households. The following census in 2011 counted 230,487 people in 63,949 households. The 2016 census measured the population of the district as 261,324 inhabitants in 74,657 households.

### Administrative divisions

Central District (Birjand County) Population :
| Administrative Divisions | 2006 | 2011 | 2016 |
| Alqurat RD | 8,236 | 12,026 | 9,479 |
| Baqeran RD | 14,651 | 26,940 | 34,071 |
| Fasharud RD | 2,727 | 2,124 | 2,435 |
| Kahshang RD | 3,991 | 3,338 | 3,737 |
| Shakhen RD | 6,276 | 5,130 | 5,372 |
| Shakhenat RD | 3,105 | 2,909 | 2,594 |
| Birjand (city) | 157,848 | 178,020 | 203,636 |
| Total | 196,834 | 230,487 | 261,324 |
| RD = Rural District ||||
# Lenora Fisher

Lenora Fisher (born 6 January 1937) is a Canadian former backstroke and freestyle swimmer. She competed at the 1952 Summer Olympics and the 1956 Summer Olympics.
# Andrea Lawes

Andrea Lawes (born October 11, 1962) is a Canadian curler from Whitby, Ontario.
She is a 1990 World women's bronze medallist and 1990 Canadian women's champion.

## Awards

* STOH All-Star Team: 1990
* Ford Hot Shots: 2004
* Whitby Sports Hall of Fame: 2010

## Teams and events
### Women's

| Season | Skip | Third | Second | Lead | Alternate | Coach | Events |
| 1989–90 | Alison Goring | Kristin Turcotte | Andrea Lawes | Cheryl McPherson | Anne Merklinger | | STOH 1990 WCC 1990 |
| 1990–91 | Alison Goring | Kristin Turcotte | Andrea Lawes | Cheryl McPherson | Anne Merklinger | | STOH 1991 (6th) |
| 2000–01 | Sherry Middaugh | Janet Brown | Andrea Lawes | Sheri Cordina | Kirsten Harmark | | STOH 2001 |
| 2001–02 | Sherry Middaugh | Janet Brown | Andrea Lawes | Sheri Cordina | Kirsten Harmark | Pat B Reid | COCT 2001 (5th) STOH 2002 |
| 2003–04 | Sherry Middaugh | Kirsten Wall | Andrea Lawes | Sheri Cordina | Jenn Hanna (STOH) | Pat Reid | CC 2003 ContC 2003 STOH 2004 |
| 2004–05 | Sherry Middaugh | Kirsten Wall | Andrea Lawes | Sheri Greenman | | | |
| 2005–06 | Sherry Middaugh | Kirsten Wall | Andrea Lawes | Sheri Greenman | Cathy King | Pat B Reid | COCT 2005 (4th) |
| 2012–13 | Mary Chilvers | Andrea Lawes | Debbie Thompson | Gloria Ryan | | | |
| 2013–14 | Mary Chilvers | Andrea Lawes | Kelly Evans | Debbie Thompson | | | |

### Mixed

| Season | Skip | Third | Second | Lead | Events |
| 1989–90 | Bob Turcotte | Kristin Turcotte | Dick Howson | Andrea Lawes | |
| 1998–99 | Bob Turcotte | Kristin Turcotte | Roy Weigand | Andrea Lawes | CMxCC 1999 |
| 2007–08 | Bob Turcotte | Kristin Turcotte | Roy Weigand | Andrea Lawes | CMxCC 2008 |

## Private life

Her half sister is Kaitlyn Lawes, Olympic and World curling champion. Lawes attended Oak Park Public School in London, Ontario, Collingwood Senior Public School in Collingwood, Ontario, Henry Street High School in Whitby, Ontario and also Seneca College. She works for Ontario Power Generation in Pickering, Ontario. She moved to Whitby with her family in 1976.
# Nabi Misdaq

Nabi Misdaq (Pashto: نبي مصداق) is an Afghan author and a journalist. He was the founder and head of the Pashto Section at BBC World Service in the early 1980s. In 2015, by special decree, and under the 64th article of the constitution, President Ashraf Ghani Ahmadzai, named Nabi Misdaq as his new Media Affairs advisor.

## Origins and education

Misdaq is from the Zazi tribe of Pashtuns, in the Paktia Province of Afghanistan. He went to the United Kingdom on a scholarship in the early 1960s. Misdaq has a BS.c. Hon. from London School of Economics and M.A. and Ph.D. from Sussex University. He has written several books (Afghanistan, Routledge, 2003) and academic papers in English. Recently he finished a Pashto-English dictionary which is due to be published. In the meantime, he is writing a book which contains Afghan jokes translated into English. He is also the author of many articles widely for Afghan exile press in both Pashto and Dari (Persian) over the years.

## Career

Misdaq worked for the BBC World Service at Bush House throughout the 1980s and 1990s, where he founded the Pashto Section, and broadcast regularly, becoming one of the best known voices in Afghanistan and Pakistan. He twice interviewed the exiled Afghan King Zahir Shah in Italy.

## Sources

* Misdaq, Nabi - Afghanistan: Political Frailty and External Interference ISBN 978-0-415-47024-7
* Fields, Rona M. - Martyrdom: The Psychology, Theology, and Politics of Self-Sacrifice ISBN 978-0-275-97993-5
* Maley, William - The Afghanistan Wars ISBN 978-0-333-80291-5
* Rais, Rasul Bakhsh - War without Winners: Afghanistan's Uncertain Transition after the Cold War ISBN 978-0-19-577535-8
# Alexander River (Western Australia)

The Alexander River is a river in the Goldfields-Esperance region of Western Australia.
The river rises near Munliginup Hill and flows southerly through a nature reserve area before discharging into Alexander Bay and the Southern Ocean about 75 kilometres (47 mi) east of Esperance.
The river was named in 1870 by John Forrest, who was surveying the area at the time. He named the river after his brother, Alexander Forrest, who was also a surveyor and who later became the Lord Mayor of Perth, Western Australia.
# Stepan Akopov

Stepan Akopov (Russian: Степан Акопов; 14 December 1899 – 9 August 1958) was a Soviet engineer and politician who held several cabinet posts. He was a member of the Communist Party of Armenia and Communist Party of the Soviet Union.

## Biography

Akopov was born in Tbilisi on 14 December 1899 into an Armenian family. Between 1919 and 1921 he served as the secretary of the Communist Youth of Georgia. In October 1919 he became a member of the Communist Party. He was a graduate of the Moscow Institute of Mechanical Engineering (1922–1924). Following his graduation he worked at different state institutions and at the different units of Communist Party of Armenia, including the head of Yerevan branch of the Party and its central committee secretary. He was part of the group close to Lavrentiy Beria.
Akopov was named as the deputy commissar of heavy machinery of the Soviet Union in 1939 and was the first vice commissar of the ministry from May to October 1940. He was made first deputy commissar of medium machine building which he held until 1941 when he was appointed people's commissar of medium machine building. He served in the post until 1946. He was the commissar of automotive industry for one year between 1946 and 1947. Then he served as the minister of automobile and tractor industry from 1947 to 1950. He was appointed deputy minister for agricultural engineering in April 1950 and first deputy minister in March 1953. He was minister of engineering between June 1953 and April 1954 and was named as the minister of automotive, tractor and agricultural machinery between in April 1954. First Secretary of Communist Party Nikita Khrushchev publicly denounced Akopov in the January 1955 plenum due to the malfunction of the domestic machines. In July 1955 Akopov retired from public offices. He died in Moscow on 9 August 1958.

## Awards

* Order of Lenin three times
* Order of Kutuzov 1st class
* Order of the Red Banner of Labour
* Order of the Red Star
# Paulus Svendsen

Paulus Svendsen (17 April 1904 – 21 April 1989) was a Norwegian professor and literary historian. He is mainly remembered for his biographies of notable thinkers of Western philosophy.

## Biography

He was born in Egersund, Norway. He was the son of Oscar Svendsen (1876–1967), and his wife, Dagmar Marie Steffensen (born 1882). His father was a Methodist priest. He started studying at the University of Oslo in 1923, and graduated with a cand.philol. degree seven years later. In 1940, he defended a thesis titled Gullalderdrøm og utviklingstro, which earned him a dr.philos. degree in the subsequent year.
He taught as an associate professor at the University of Berlin 1931–1933, lecturer at Trondheim Cathedral School from 1933 and head teacher at Trondheim Handelsgymnasium from 1937. He was hired as a senior lecturer in comparative literature at the University of Oslo in 1946. He was appointed professor of European literature three years later. From 1960 to 1974 he held a professorship in Intellectual history.
Paulus Svendsen was interested in the evolution of philosophical thought of the western world, in particular the philosophical view of the world known as weltanschaaungen. He wrote biographies on Dutch philosopher Erasmus, Danish philosopher and theologian Søren Kierkegaard, Norwegian short story writer and novelist Maurits Hansen and Norwegian poet Conrad Nicolai Schwach. He was also one of the editors of the biographical dictionary Norsk biografisk leksikon.
He died during 1989 and was buried at Vestre gravlund in Oslo.

## Selected works

* Gullalderdrøm og utviklingstro (1940)
* Maurits Christopher Hansen (1942)
* Renessanse-humanistene og humanitas (1959)
* Zur Frage der Humanitas Erasmiana (1967)
* Kristianismen : kulturfornyer eller kulturforstyrrer? (1978)
* Enhet og mangfold i europeisk kultur (1980)
* Forelesninger og studier (1982)
# Volnov

Volnov (Russian: Вольнов, from воля meaning will) is a Russian masculine surname, its feminine counterpart is Volnova. It may refer to
* Gennadi Volnov (1939–2008), Russian basketball player
* Marina Volnova (born 1989), Kazakhstani boxer
# Évellys

Évellys (French pronunciation:; Breton: Eveliz) is a commune in the Morbihan department of Brittany in north-western France. Naizin is the municipal seat.

## History

On 1 January 2016, Évellys was created by the merger of Moustoir-Remungol, Naizin and Remungol.
# Corneilla-de-Conflent

Corneilla-de-Conflent (French pronunciation: , Corneilla of Conflent; Catalan: Cornellà de Conflent) is a commune in the Pyrénées-Orientales department in southern France.

## Geography
### Localisation

Corneilla-de-Conflent is located in the canton of Le Canigou and in the arrondissement of Prades.
vtePlaces adjacent to Corneilla-de-Conflent :
Villefranche-de-Conflent
Ria-Sirach
Fuilla
Corneilla-de-Conflent
Fillols
Vernet-les-Bains :

## Sites of interest

It is home to the church of Saint Mary, an 11th-12th century Romanesque building.
# Nevern Bridge

Nevern Bridge (Welsh: Pont Nanhyfer) spans the River Nevern (Welsh: Afon Nyfer) in the centre of Nevern, Pembrokeshire, Wales.
This Grade II listed bridge, 220 yards (200 m) south of the church, was built in the late 18th or early 19th century. Constructed of rubblestone and ashlar, this humpback bridge has two unequal arches—the south arch is larger—and is recessed with keystones.
# Ossip

Ossip (Russian: Осип) may refer to:
* Ossip Bernstein (1882–1962), Russian chess grandmaster and a financial lawyer
* Ossip Brik, also known as Osip Brik, (1888–1945), Russian avant garde writer and literary critic
* Ossip Dimov, also known as Osip Dymov, the central fictional character in Grasshopper (1892) by Anton Chekhov
* Ossip Gabrilowitsch (1878–1936), Russian-born American pianist, conductor and composer
* Ossip Gurko, also known as Iosif Gurko, (1828–1901), Russian field marshal prominent during the Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878)
* Ossip Mandelstam, also known as Osip Mandelstam, (1891–1938), Russian poet and essayist
* Ossip Runitsch (1889–1947), Russian silent film actor, producer and stage director
* Ossip Schubin (1854–1934), pseudonym of Austrian novelist Aloisia Kirschner
* Ossip Zadkine (1890–1967), Belarusian-born artist who lived in France
# Klavdy Ippolitovich Shenfer

Claudius Ippolitovich Shenfer (Russian: Клавдий Ипполитович Шенфер; 26 May 1885 - 18 May 1946) was a Soviet scientist in the field of Electrical engineering, professor, academician of the USSR Academy of Sciences.

## Biography

He was born in 1885 in the Radviliškis.
In 1904, he entered the Warsaw Polytechnic Institute. During the February Revolution of 1905-1907, he moved to Moscow. Two years later, he entered the mechanical department of the Imperial Moscow Technical School.
In 1911-1912, he was on a scientific mission in Germany, where he worked on experimental research questions on the commutation of collector machines of alternating current. Returning to Russia, he taught at the university.
Since 1930, he worked as a teacher at the Moscow Power Engineering Institute. Shenfer transferred 100,000 rubles to the Defense Fund during the Great Patriotic War.
He dealt with the theory and design of electrical machines (switching work in collector electrical machines, cascade schemes, transient regimes, electricity recovery). He is the author of textbooks on electric machines.
Awards and prizes: The Stalin Prize of the first degree (1943) - for many years of outstanding achievements, the Order of Lenin (1945), and the Order of the Red Banner of Labor (1940).

## Literature

* "Collector motors of alternating current", 1933.
* "Dynamos and DC motors", 1937.
* "Asynchronous machines", 1938.
# Vasu Duzhiy

Vasu Duzhiy (Russian: Васу Дужий, born Nikolai Duzhiy, 1965) is an ultra-distance runner from St. Petersburg, Russia. Duzhiy is a disciple of Sri Chinmoy and adopted the name Vasu from him. He works as a foreman for a lumber company.

## Races and Results

* 2018 winner from the Self-Transcendence 3100 Mile Race
* 2017 winner from the Self-Transcendence 3100 Mile Race
* 2013 winner from the Self-Transcendence 3100 Mile Race
* 2012 second on the Self-Transcendence 10 Day Race
# Deh Shib

Deh Shib or Deh-e Shib or Dehshib (Persian: ده شيب) may refer to:
* Deh Shib, Fars
* Deh Shib, Fasa, Fars Province
* Deh-e Shib, Kuhbanan, Kerman Province
* Deh-e Shib, Ravar, Kerman Province
* Deh Shib, Razavi Khorasan
* Deh Shib, South Khorasan
# Ahmed Sheba

Ahmed Sheba (Arabic: أحمد شيبة; born 21 December 1965) is an Egyptian singer and songwriter. He is known for his distinctive voice and fusion of traditional Egyptian music with modern pop elements. Sheba rose to prominence in the mid-2000s and has since become one of the most popular singers in Egypt and the wider Arab world.

## Early life and career

Ahmed Mohamed Sheba was born on 15 March 1985 in Alexandria, Egypt. He grew up in a musical family, with his father being an amateur oud player. Sheba started singing at a young age and participated in various school and local competitions. In 2005, Sheba auditioned for the reality TV show "Najm El Arab" (Star of the Arabs), where he finished as a semi-finalist. This exposure led to his first record deal with Mazzika, a prominent Egyptian music label.

## Musical style and influences

Sheba's music is characterized by a blend of traditional Egyptian melodies and contemporary pop arrangements. He is known for his powerful vocals and emotive performances. His style incorporates elements of Shaabi music, a popular working-class genre, with more polished production techniques. In interviews, Sheba has cited legendary Egyptian singers such as Umm Kulthum and Abdel Halim Hafez as his main influences, alongside more contemporary artists like Amr Diab.

## Notable works and achievements

Sheba's breakthrough came with his 2010 album "Leila Min Layali" (A Night of Nights), which included the hit single "Mawlood Fi Masr" (Born in Egypt). The patriotic theme of the song resonated with audiences during a period of political change in Egypt. Some of his most popular songs include: "Ah Ya Alby" (Oh My Heart) - 2013 "Kol Youm Ahebak" (Every Day I Love You) - 2016 "Shams El Aseel" (The Sun of Nobility) - 2019 Sheba has won several awards, including: Best Male Vocalist at the Middle East Music Awards (2015, 2018) Egyptian Music Award for Album of the Year (2020)

## Personal life

Sheba married actress Yasmin Abdel Aziz in 2021. The couple has been involved in various charitable activities, particularly focusing on education initiatives in rural Egypt.