OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Black Sea undersea river

The Black Sea undersea river is a current of particularly saline water flowing through the Bosphorus Strait and along the seabed of the Black Sea. The discovery of the river, announced on 1 August 2010, was made by scientists at the University of Leeds, and is the first of its kind in the world. The undersea river stems from salty water spilling through the Bosphorus Strait from the Mediterranean Sea into the Black Sea, where the water has a lower salt content.
The river system formed roughly 7,500 years ago when the Bosphorus developed its two-way depth-separated flow.
Scientists have previously discovered channels running along ocean floors, based on sonar scanning. One of the largest of these runs from the mouth of the Amazon River into the Atlantic Ocean. Though it was suspected that these channels might function as rivers, it was only with the discovery of the Black Sea river that this suspicion was confirmed. Because of the power and unpredictability of these streams, they have been difficult to explore directly. A team of scientists headed by Jeff Peakall and Daniel Parsons of the University of Leeds collaborated with scientists from the University of Southampton, Memorial University of Newfoundland, and the Turkish Institute of Marine Sciences. The team used the Natural Environment Research Council's Autosub3 – a 7-metre torpedo-shaped autonomous underwater vehicle – to get as close to the current as possible. The river was found to be 37 miles (60 km) long, up to 115 feet (35 m) deep and 0.6 miles (1 km) wide. Though smaller than the Amazon channel, the undersea river still carried ten times more water than the Rhine. It flows at a speed of four miles per hour (6 km/h), with 22,000 cubic metres (780,000 cu ft) passing through per second. Were it a surface river, it would rank as the sixth largest river in the world.
The river was found to contain features typical of surface rivers, such as river banks, floodplains, waterfalls and rapids. One major difference is that the underwater river, when rounding a bend, moves in currents spinning in the opposite direction from those on land. The river works as a density current, because it carries sediments along the sea floor and has a higher salinity than the surrounding water.
A secondary channel exists ~6 km east of the main channel complex. It was formed from intermittent leakage, and has eroded through several shore-parallel ridges.
# International Observe the Moon Night

International Observe the Moon Night is an annual public outreach event sponsored by the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter mission, the Solar System Exploration Division at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center, and other NASA and astronomical organizations that encourages observation, appreciation, and understanding of the Moon and its connection to planetary science and exploration. Everyone on Earth is invited to join the celebration by hosting or attending an event or participating as a lunar observer — and uniting on one day each year to look at and learn about the Moon together. First organized in 2010, there are usually over 500 events annually in over 40 countries, hosted by universities, observatories, NASA Centers, schools, museums, parks, libraries, and amateur astronomers. Some events are offered both in person and via internet streaming video. The date is selected to enhance visibility of lunar topography.

## History

The event grew out of two events during the International Year of Astronomy, 2009: "We're at the Moon!", sponsored by the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter and Lunar Crater Observation and Sensing Satellite teams to celebrate the arrival of the LRO and LCROSS at the Moon, and "National Observe the Moon Night" in the US.
Dates:
* Saturday, 2009-08-01 (We're at the Moon and National Observe the Moon Night)
* Saturday, 2010-09-18
* Saturday, 2011-10-08
* Saturday, 2012-09-22
* Saturday, 2013-10-12
* Saturday, 2014-09-06
* Saturday, 2015-09-19
* Saturday, 2016-10-08
* Saturday, 2017-10-28
* Saturday, 2018-10-20
* Saturday, 2019-10-05
* Saturday, 2020-09-26
* Saturday, 2021-10-16
* Saturday, 2022-10-01
* Saturday, 2023-10-21
* Saturday, 2024-09-14

## Organizers

* Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter
* NASA Solar System Exploration Research Virtual Institute
* Planetary Science Institute
* Lunar and Planetary Institute
* CosmoQuest
* Science Festival Alliance
* NASA Night Sky Network
* Astronomical Society of the Pacific
# 1988 in Belgium

Events in the year 1988 in Belgium.

## Incumbents

* Monarch: Baudouin
* Prime Minister: Wilfried Martens

## Events

* 20 September – Margaret Thatcher gives a speech in Bruges.
* 9 October – Municipal elections

## Publications

* OECD, Economic Surveys, 1987/1988: Belgium, Luxembourg
* François Perin, Histoire d'une nation introuvable (Brussels, Legrain).

## Births

* 22 February – Kevin Borlée, sprinter
* 6 March – Simon Mignolet, footballer
* 17 March – Brent Meuleman, politician
* 30 September - Natalie Eggermont, politician
* 8 October – Hanne Gaby Odiele, model
* 10 October – Jodie Devos, operatic soprano (d. 2024)

## Deaths

* 5 January – Jules-François Crahay (born 1917), fashion designer
* 28 October – Lucien Leboutte (born 1898), air chief
# 1987 in Belgium

Events in the year 1987 in Belgium.

## Incumbents

* Monarch: Baudouin
* Prime Minister: Wilfried Martens

## Events

* 6 March – Herald of Free Enterprise disaster off Zeebrugge
* 30 March – Nicole Van Goethem's A Greek Tragedy wins Academy Award for Best Animated Short Film at the 59th Academy Awards
* 1 September – Royal order prohibiting smoking in roofed public spaces comes into force.
* 21 October – Government falls over Voeren crisis
* 13 December – 1987 Belgian general election

## Publications

* Geert Bekaert, Landschap van kerken: 10 eeuwen bouwen in Vlaanderen (Leuven, Davidsfonds), with photographs by Lieve Blancquaert
* Bettie Vanhoudt, Éléments de Description du Leke: Langue Bantoue de Zone C (Tervuren, Royal Museum for Central Africa)

## Births

* 13 April - Steven De Vuyst, politician
* 24 May – Déborah François, actress
* 23 July – Julien Ribaudo, politician

## Deaths

* 16 July – Pierre Lardinois (born 1924), politician
# Gradošorci

Gradošorci (Macedonian: Грaдошорци) is a village in the municipality of Vasilevo, North Macedonia.

## Demographics

According to the 2002 census, the village had a total of 1,744 inhabitants. Ethnic groups in the village include:
* Macedonians 1,041
* Turks 683
* Romani 5
* Others 15
As of 2021, the village of Gradoshorci has 1.484 inhabitants and the ethnic composition was the following:
* Macedonians – 687
* Turks – 648
* Person without Data - 149
# Boz Quch

Boz Quch or Bozquch or Buzquch or Bozghooch (Persian: بزقوچ) may refer to:
* Boz Quch-e Olya
* Boz Quch-e Sofla
# Chichiko Bendeliani

Chichiko Kaisarovich Bendeliani (Georgian: ჭიჭიკო ყაისარის ძე ბენდელიანი, Russian: Чичико Кайсарович Бенделиани; 29 January 1913, born in Chokhatauri, Russian Empire – 20 July 1944) was a Soviet fighter pilot and Hero of the Soviet Union. He fought in the Great Patriotic War and became a fighter ace with 12 solo and 20 shared victories.

## Early life

Bendeliani was born into a Georgian peasant family in the settlement of Chokhatauri, Georgia, then part of the Russian Empire. He finished school after the 7th grade and went to an Agricultural college which he graduated in 1933. He worked as a freight forwarder and studied in a flying club in Tbilisi.

## Military service

On 8 September 1935, he enrolled in the Soviet military and two years later graduated from the Kacha Higher Military Aviation School of Pilots. He began his service as flight commander of 5th Squadron, 43rd Fighter Aviation Regiment and was the youngest fighter pilot in the Soviet airforce.
His first air victory occurred over Kiev at the opening of the Eastern Front, when he shot down a German bomber aircraft. In July 1941 Bendeliani became lieutenant and was acting commander of his regiment, then part of the Soviet 21st Army deployed to the South Western Front. Part of a quartet of fighters he got engaged in a dogfight with German Messerschmitts escorting bombers that were trying to bomb a crossing. Bendeliani spent up all his ammunition and then decided to ram one of the Bf 109 which plummeted to the ground when one of its wings got cut off by the collision. He parachuted from his own fighter and landed safely on Soviet territory.
The lieutenant continued air sorties over Stalingrad covering ground forces crossing the Don River. He consistently escorted fighter and bomber groups and taught other pilots air combat techniques. At that point, Bendeliani had shot down five enemy aircraft.
During the Battle of Kursk he held the rank of major and was deputy commander of the 54th Guards Fighter Aviation Regiment of the 6th Air Army, 1st Belorussian Front. He had made 385 air missions by then, out of which 75 were air battles with 7 personal and 12 pair victories. For his actions he was awarded Hero of the Soviet Union.

## Last mission

In July 1944, Bendeliani led a pair of Soviet P-39 fighters in support of a ground assault when they got attacked by six German Fw 190. The ensuing dogfight became long and fierce. The major managed to shoot down one Focke-Wulf and knock out a second. When noticing a new pair of German fighters appear trying to raid the withdrawing Soviet troops, Bendeliani turned around and moved to engage those, downing both enemy aircraft. However, when he was about to make another combat turn, the Russian pair came under heavy fire from the remaining Focke-Wulf quartet in pursuit, and Bendeliani got mortally wounded.
The major was able to maneuver his plane into friendly territory and land it safely. He died in the hands of the Soviet infantrymen who got him out of his Airacobra.
# Islamic Center of New England

The Islamic Center of New England (ICNE) (Arabic: المركز الاسلامي بنيو انجلند) is an Islamic organization incorporated in the state of Massachusetts in the early 1960s.
The mosque generally relied on elders and recent immigrants for religious guidance. In 1982, Talal Eid became the first imam of the mosque. In 1993, the ICNE opened a sister location in Sharon, Massachusetts, called the Sharon Mosque.
The primary function of ICNE is to oversee the operation of the two mosques it owns, located in Quincy and Sharon, Massachusetts. ICNE has about 3,000 members, many from various nations, and including Sunnis and Shias.

## Allegations of extremism

A former board director (1982-2005) and imam, Talal Eid, says that in 2005 the ICNE board forced him from his leadership position because of his moderate Islamic teachings. Some news reports accuse several board members who forced him out of having connections to Islamic extremists, including then board president Dr. Abdul-badi Abousamra, a prominent endocrinologist at Massachusetts General Hospital who was also vice president of the Muslim American Society of Boston, which ran the Islamic Society of Boston, a Cambridge mosque. Dr. Abousamra's son, Ahmad Abousamra, is on the FBI Most Wanted Terrorists list. The ICNE responded that it was an employment disagreement and that their "teachings fully respect the rule of American law and the sanctity of human life, and we have always unequivocally condemned all acts of terrorism."
Eid's replacement was Imam Hafiz Masood, an assistant imam who "had been forced on him in 1998 by Abousamra and who was known for fiery sermons easily interpreted as promoting violence." The non-profit organization Americans for Peace and Tolerance claims many of Masood's supporters remain in leadership roles in the Boston Muslim community, and some news reports claim that these radical doctrines at ICNE (and another mosque run by the Islamic Society of Boston) had a motivating influence on several well known local jihadists, including several below. However, Eid later clarified that although "he believed the city’s mosques should operate more democratically... he said the ideological tensions had no relationship to violence. 'Muslims all over are very good people, working hard, living their lives,' he said. 'In Boston, when you talk about terrorists, you can count them on the fingers of one hand. It’s not even one in 10,000.'"
Imam Hafiz Masood later left ICNE after volunteering for deportation in 2008 after being arrested on criminal visa fraud charges by the United States U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement. After returning to his hometown of Lahore, Pakistan, he became spokesman for the Pakistani terrorist organization Jamaat-ud-Dawah, a group founded by his brother, Hafiz Muhammad Saeed.

## Anti-extremism program

In 2015, with new leadership, the ICNE in Sharon began offering a youth curriculum designed to counter foreign social-media-based enticements to violent extremism.
# Kirichenkovo

Kirichenkovo (Russian: Кириченково) is a rural locality (a selo) in Tkhorevskoye Rural Settlement, Kamensky District, Voronezh Oblast, Russia. The population was 218 as of 2010. There are four streets.

## Geography

Kirichenkovo is located 5 km. southwest of Kamenka (the district's administrative centre) by road. Kamenka is the nearest rural locality.
# Damavand Mineral Water Co.

Damavand Mineral Waters Company (Persian: شرکت آب‌های معدنی دماوند) is the leader and largest bottled mineral water producer in Iran. It is a joint venture with Danone Group, number 2 in bottled water worldwide.
In 2010 and in 2015 Iran's Health Ministry announced that Damavand bottled water had a microbial infection and the company was prosecuted.

## History

In 1973, the company Perrier from France in association with local investors decided to build a mineral water plant in Iran.
In 1977, after all the installations were done, they started some testing and analysis of the water, and in 1978 the company started to present its products to the market as the first mineral water company in Iran. In 1998, Group Castel from France became partners with the Iranian owners and they started to grow the firm. In 2006, group Danone from France (the leader of mineral water in the world, owner of brands such as EVIAN & VOLVIC) bought Group Castel's share. Today, Damavand water is the leader of more than 370 MB per year. It has around 400 employees with 7 warehouses across the country.
In 2010 NATO army in Afghanistan rejected Damavand bottled water, and Iran's Health Ministry announced that Damavand bottled water was polluted.
In 2015 Iran's Health ministry announced that Damavand bottled water has microbial infection and the company was prosecuted.

## Products

The products are all in polyethylene terephthalate bottles with the most advanced European machines:
* Damavand Mineral Water (1.5L & 1L & 0.5L)
* Carbonated water: Sparkling mineral water: (0.3L & 1.250L)
* Soft drink: Topsia Cola, Topsia Orange, Topsia Lemon, Topsia Tropical (0.3L & 1.250L)
# Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (Cambodia)

The Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (Khmer: ក្រសួងកសិកម្ម រុក្ខាប្រមាញ់ និងនេសាទ) is the government ministry of Cambodia that is responsible for governing activities of agriculture, forestry and the fishery industry in Cambodia.

## Institutions

Public schools, companies and rubber plantations related to the Ministry include:
* Royal University of Agriculture (RUA)
* Cambodia Agricultural Research and Development Institute (CARDI)
* Prek Leap National College of Agriculture (PNCA)
* Kampong Cham National School of Agriculture
* Agricultural Input Company
* Cambodia Rubber Development Company
* Cambodia Rubber Research Institute
* Rubber Import, Export, Transport and Equipment Company
* Rubber Plantation Companies: Chup Rubber Plantation Co., Krek Rubber Plantation Co., Memut Rubber Plantation Co., Snoul Rubber Plantation Co., Chamkar Andong Rubber Plantation Co., Beungket Rubber Plantation Co. and Peam Cheing Rubber Plantation Co.

## Crimes and disturbing issues

In the years of 2007-8 the Cambodian Government, was responsible for the sale of 45% of the total landmass in Cambodia to primarily foreign investors. The land concessions are to be used for agro-industrial, forestry, tourism and constructional projects, even though larger parts of the land are wildlife protections or national parks even (See Cardamom Mountains for example). The vast majority of the Economic Land Concessions (ELCs) have in fact been issued in violation of Cambodia's 2001 Land Law and its Subdecree on ELCs and are therefore illegal.
The landsales has been perceived by observers, to be the result of extensive land grabbing and corruption within the judicial system, ministries and government bureaucracy of Cambodia. It has stirred serious unrest across the country, within recent years.

## Ministers

| Portrait | Portrait | Name | Tenure | Tenure | Party |
| Portrait | Portrait | Name | From | To | Party |
| | | Chan Sarun ច័ន្ទ សារុន (b. 1948) | 30 November 1998 | 23 September 2013 | CPP Chhea Song ( ឈា សុង) | 30 November 1998 30 September 2003 Mr Cambodian People Party (CPP) | Ouk Rabun (b. 1951) | 24 September 2013 | 5 April 2016 | CPP |
| | | Veng Sakhon វេង សាខុន (b. 1960) | 5 April 2016 | 8 October 2022 | CPP |
| | | Aun Pornmoniroth អូន ព័ន្ធមុនីរ័ត្ន (b. 1965) Acting | 8 October 2022 | 17 October 2022 | CPP |
| | | Dith Tina ឌិត ទីណា (b. 1979) | 17 October 2022 | Present | CPP |
# Kharrat Kola, Simorgh

Kharrat Kola (Persian: خراطكلا) is a village in, and the capital of, Tur Rural District of Talarpey District, Simorgh County, Mazandaran province, Iran.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the village's population was 278 in 72 households, when it was in Talarpey Rural District of the former Kiakola District of Qaem Shahr County. The following census in 2011 counted 277 people in 77 households. The 2016 census measured the population of the village as 306 people in 106 households, by which time the district had been separated from the county in the establishment of Simorgh County, and the rural district was transferred to the new Talarpey District. Kharrat Kola was transferred to Tur Rural District created in the new district.
# One Night in One City

One Night in One City, also known as One Night in a City and One Night in the City (Czech: Jedné noci v jednom městě) is a stop-motion-animated feature-length black comedy horror film from the Czech Republic. It was released theatrically in its home country on 25 January 2007 and features only incomprehensible mumblings instead of dialogue, much like the earlier animated feature Krysar.
The film was made with the help of the Czech government; it got a grant of Kc 1.875 million (~US$100,000) in 1998, the largest grant given to an animated production for that year. It was produced by MAUR Film, which was previously responsible for two award-winning Czech feature films (also puppet-animated), Fimfárum and Fimfárum 2. The film participated in the "Forum for European Animation Films" in March 2007.
The DVD of the film was released on February 25, 2008.
# PORA (Russian youth group)

PORA (Russian: ПОРА!), meaning IT'S TIME! in Ukrainian and Russian, is a Russian civic youth organization that mirrors the Ukrainian civic youth organization of the same name.
The organization was created in December 2004 in order to harness the experience of successful democratic revolutions in Serbia (overthrow of Slobodan Milošević), Georgia (Rose Revolution), and Ukraine (Orange Revolution). At a March 2005 press conference Kyiv (Ukraine), the leaders announced their intention to back former Prime Minister Mikhail Kasyanov in the 2008 Russian presidential elections as Russia's version of (Orange Revolution winner) Viktor Yushchenko. Kasyanov had, they admitted at this press conference, still to be approached on this question. The organization held its press conference in Kyiv "because opposition forces cannot operate openly in Russia". Group leaders admit in March 2005 to having contacts with Boris Berezovsky because they share "similar views about the state of affairs in our country [Russia]". In April 2005 the organization was headed by Andrei Sidelnikov. By then the group held press conferences in Russia. In December 2007 Sidelnikov (at the time leader of PORA) applied for political asylum in the United Kingdom because he was "very afraid about my life in Russia". Sidelnikov had been arrested in Russia on arrival in Moscow before a The Other Russia rally on 15 April 2007. In July 2008 Sidelnikov was granted political asylum by Britain.
# Kendriya Vidyalaya Tehran

Kendriya Vidyalaya Tehran ("Indian School in Tehran" Hindi: केन्द्रीय विद्यालय संगठन; Persian: مدرسه هندی تهران) is an Indian co-educational International school in the Baharestan District, Tehran, Iran. Affiliated with the Embassy of India, it serves grade levels LKG (3 years and up) through XII (18 years). The school, one of several Kendriya Vidyalaya institutions, has roughly 120 students ranging from three years old to 18. The school's primary taught languages are English, Hindi, Punjabi and French. Persian is taught in this school also.
It moved to its present location in central Tehran in 1952, as Indians had moved to that city. At some point its affiliation shifted to the Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE). The after-effects of the Iranian Revolution of 1979 reduced the school's enrollment as only 60 to 65 Indian families remained in Iran. It became a Kendriya Vidyalaya in 2004.
In a four-year period from 2008 to 2012 it had three grants, which kept the school in operation during a 2009-2010 financial crisis. The first was 81 lakh (81,00,000) rupees from the Ministry of External Affairs of India, the second was 2 crore (2,00,00,000) rupees from Meira Kumar, and the third grant was 2 lakh (2,00,000) rupees sent on August 29, 2012.

## Student body

In 2012 the school had 189 students, with 138 being Indians and the remainder from other nationalities including Afghani, Chinese, Thai, Pakistani and Iranian.

## Members List

There are 23 Staff Members in school.
# Lesley Campbell

Lesley Veronica Campbell AM is an Australian endocrinologist and Professor of Medicine with a special interest in clinical diabetes, appetite and metabolism. She is a principal research fellow at the Garvan Institute of Medical Research in Sydney, Australia.

## Education and career

Campbell graduated from Sydney University in 1968. She became a member of the Royal College of Physicians in Great Britain and the Royal Australasian College of Physicians in 1973. She joined the Garvan Institute 1979 as a principal researcher and has remained there since and is the group leader of their Diabetes and Obesity Clinical Studies program. She is also director of diabetes services at St Vincent's Hospital in Sydney. She was appointed Professor of Medicine at the University of New South Wales. Campbell published more than 240 scientific papers. She is an advocate of an attitude that does not stigmatise those that are overweight or the parents of obese children and points out that 30% of those considered as obese are actually in good health.

## Awards and recognition

Campbell was awarded Fellowship of both the Royal Australasian College of Physicians (1977) and the British Royal College of Physicians (1989).
| Year | Award |
| 2014 | Sir Kempson Maddox Award from Diabetes Australia – NSW |
| 2013 | Honorary Life Membership of Australian Diabetes Society |
| 2008 | Member of the Order of Australia (AM) |
| 2001 | Medal Swedish Society of Medicine |
| 2000 | Visiting Fellowship Harvard School of Population Health |
| 1989 | Fellowship Royal British College of Physicians |
| 1977 | Fellowship Royal Australasian College of Physicians |

## Publications

* Campbell, L. V.; Chisholm, D. J. (1999), 'The United Kingdom prospective diabetes study (UKPDS)', in Diabetes in the New Millenium, edn. Original, Endocrinology & Diabetes Research Foundation, Sydney, NSW, pp. 219 - 226
* Campbell, L.; Rubin, A. L. (2011), 'Diabetes for Dummies', John Wiley & Sons Inc, US. ISBN 9780730375005.
* Campbell, L. (2012), 'Type 2 Diabetes for Dummies', John Wiley & Sons Inc, US. ISBN 9781118303627.