# Kadambas of Hangal

The Kadambas of Hangal was a South Indian dynasty during the Late Classical period on the Indian subcontinent, which originated in the region of Hangal in Karnataka. Chatta Deva who reigned from 980–1031 CE founded the dynasty. He helped Western Chalukyas in the coup against the Rashtrakutas; re-established the Kadamba Dynasty mostly as a feudatory of Western Chalukyas, but his successors enjoyed considerable independence and were almost sovereign rulers of Goa and Konkan till 14th century CE.
The successors of Chatta Deva occupied both Banavasi and Hangal and are known as Kadambas of Hangal. Uniting Banavasi and Hangal, distinguished himself against the Cholas and carved out a kingdom (which stretched, on this side, including Ratnagiri district, up to Kolhapur). He is referred to as having conquered Konkan. When the Chalukyas under their king, Jayasimha II made an advance on Dhar (capital of the Malavas) and defeated Bhoja, who was then the Paramara king, the part played by Chaltadev (Chatta Deva), the feudatory of the Chalukyas, was significant. During 1075-1116 Kirtivarma subdued the 7 Konkans.
According to historian, George M. Moraes, Due to the struggle between the Hoysalas and the Yadavas, for supremacy, the Kadambas of Hangal under Kamdeva marched against the Konkan and compelled Vijayadatta (to transfer his allegiance to him). But during 1187 and 1188, immediately on his accession, Jayakesi III declared himself independent. Later Kadambas kept paying nominal allegiance to Yadavas and Hoysalas of Dorasamudra and thus maintained their independence.
Different families of Kadambas ruled southern India, notable were Kadambas of Hangal, Kadambas of Goa, Kadambas of Halasi and Kadambas of Banavasi.

## Minor Kadamba Kingdoms

The Kadambas of Banavasi declined by sixth century, by the tenth century Kadamba were local chiefs, the Kadamba of Hangal emerged as a vassal of the Western Chalukyas, and the Kadambas of Goa at Goa and Konkan until the fourteenth century. Similarly some more minor Kadamba branches established, they remained vassals.

### Kadambas of Bankapur

They served as regional governors for Kadambas of Banavasi and then Kadambas of Hangal.

### Kadambas of Bayalnad

After the fall of the Western Gangas, the Kadambas of Bayalnad established as independent kingdom. It was founded by Kaviyammarasa, who ruled towards end of 10th century CE.

### Kadambas of Nagarkhanda

Kadambas of Nagarkhanda descendants of Mayuravarma of Hangal, served as regional governors, Nagarkhanda is the district to the north-east of Banavasi. They titled as boon lords of Banavasipura, their capital was at Bandhavapura. Initially the Kadambas of Hangal refused to acknowledge suzerainty of Kalachuris of Kalyani, that led to war between them, then Kalachuris helped Somadeva as per the 1159 inscription Somadeva subordinate of Kalachuris, they conquered Banavasi and handed it over to Somadeva (in 1165).

### Kadambas of Uchchangi

The Kadambas of Uchchangi were in name only kings of Banavasi actually the power remain with Kadambas of Hangal.

## Coinage of Hangal Kadambas

Kadambas coins were among the heaviest and perhaps purest of all medieval Indian gold coinage. Kadambas issued 2 types of gold coins, namely Punch-marked gold coins and Die struck gold coins. During 1075-1094 CE, Shanti Varma, issued gold punch marked coin and in 1065 CE, Toyimadeva, issued die struck gold coins (Pagoda).

### Punch-marked gold coins

* Kadamba punch-marked gold coin issued in name of Jaysimha II Jagadekamalla (Chalukya).
* Coin consists of a central punch mark of Hanuman, and 4 retrospectant lions.
* 2 prominent punch marks create 2 Shri alphabets depicts goddess Laxmi in Telugu-Kannada script.

### Die struck gold coins (Pagoda)

* In 1065 AD Kadambas Toyimadeva issued first die struck gold coins.
* The gold coin of Kadambas depict god Hanuman, inside lined circle and dotted circle, flanked by two chouries and conch. Also include the figures of sun and moon. Below is the legend Nakara (Nagara, the deity of Bankapura, Nagareshwara) in Telugu-Kannada script.
vteMiddle kingdoms of India :
Timeline and cultural period
Northwestern India (Punjab-Sapta Sindhu)
Indo-Gangetic Plain
Central India
Southern India
Upper Gangetic Plain (Ganga-Yamuna doab)
Middle Gangetic Plain
Lower Gangetic Plain
IRON AGE
Culture
Late Vedic Period
Late Vedic Period (Srauta culture) Painted Grey Ware culture
Late Vedic Period (Shramanic culture) Northern Black Polished Ware
Pre-history
 6th century BCE
Gandhara
Kuru-Panchala
Magadha
Adivasi (tribes)
Assaka
Culture
Persian-Greek influences
"Second Urbanisation" Rise of Shramana movements Jainism - Buddhism - Ājīvika - Yoga
Pre-history
 5th century BCE
(Persian conquests)
Shaishunaga dynasty
Adivasi (tribes)
Assaka
 4th century BCE
(Greek conquests)
Nanda empire
HISTORICAL AGE
Culture
Spread of Buddhism
Pre-history
 3rd century BCE
Maurya Empire
Satavahana dynasty Sangam period (300 BCE – 200 CE) Early Cholas Early Pandyan kingdom Cheras
Culture
Preclassical Hinduism - "Hindu Synthesis" (ca. 200 BC - 300 CE) Epics - Puranas - Ramayana - Mahabharata - Bhagavad Gita - Brahma Sutras - Smarta Tradition Mahayana Buddhism
 2nd century BCE
Indo-Greek Kingdom
Shunga Empire Maha-Meghavahana Dynasty
Satavahana dynasty Sangam period (300 BCE – 200 CE) Early Cholas Early Pandyan kingdom Cheras
 1st century BCE
 1st century CE
Indo-Scythians
Indo-Parthians
Kuninda Kingdom
 2nd century
Kushan Empire
 3rd century
Kushano-Sasanian Kingdom
Kushan Empire
Western Satraps
Kamarupa kingdom
Adivasi (tribes)
Culture
"Golden Age of Hinduism"(ca. CE 320-650) Puranas Co-existence of Hinduism and Buddhism
 4th century
Kidarites
Gupta Empire Varman dynasty
Andhra Ikshvakus Kalabhra dynasty Kadamba Dynasty Western Ganga Dynasty
 5th century
Hephthalite Empire
Alchon Huns
Vishnukundina Kalabhra dynasty
 6th century
Nezak Huns Kabul Shahi
Maitraka
Adivasi (tribes)
Vishnukundina Badami Chalukyas Kalabhra dynasty
Culture
Late-Classical Hinduism (ca. CE 650-1100) Advaita Vedanta - Tantra Decline of Buddhism in India
 7th century
Indo-Sassanids
Vakataka dynasty Empire of Harsha
Mlechchha dynasty
Adivasi (tribes)
Badami Chalukyas Eastern Chalukyas Pandyan kingdom (revival) Pallava
 8th century
Kabul Shahi
Pala Empire
Eastern Chalukyas Pandyan kingdom Kalachuri
 9th century
Gurjara-Pratihara
Rashtrakuta dynasty Eastern Chalukyas Pandyan kingdom Medieval Cholas Chera Perumals of Makkotai
10th century
Ghaznavids
Pala dynasty Kamboja-Pala dynasty
Kalyani Chalukyas Eastern Chalukyas Medieval Cholas Chera Perumals of Makkotai Rashtrakuta
References and sources for table
References
↑ Samuel
↑ Samuel
↑ Michaels (2004) p.39
↑ Hiltebeitel (2002)
↑ Michaels (2004) p.39
↑ Hiltebeitel (2002)
↑ Michaels (2004) p.40
↑ Michaels (2004) p.41
Sources
Flood, Gavin D. (1996), An Introduction to Hinduism, Cambridge University Press
Hiltebeitel, Alf (2002), Hinduism. In: Joseph Kitagawa, "The Religious Traditions of Asia: Religion, History, and Culture", Routledge
Michaels, Axel (2004), Hinduism. Past and present, Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press
Samuel, Geoffrey (2010), The Origins of Yoga and Tantra. Indic Religions to the Thirteenth Century, Cambridge University Press :