OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Socialist Party (South Korea)

The Socialist Party (Korean: 사회당; Hanja: 社會黨; RR: Sahoedang; MR: Sahoetang; SP) was a minor left-wing political party in South Korea, founded in 1998. It advocated an ideology of socialism, social republicanism, peace and environmentalism.
On 19 February 2012, at its final Sixteenth Party Congress, the Socialist Party voted by 404 votes to 54 to merge with the New Progressive Party. The party was formally dissolved on 4 March 2012.

## History

The People's Victory 21 (Korean: 국민승리21) party (the later DLP) was formed in preparation for the presidential election of 1997. This was an attempt to unite South Korean progressives in a single party, but dissenting progressives who focused on class struggle argued that there was an excess of nationalism in the VoP21 platform. As an example, they pointed to the slogan of Kwon Young-ghil, VoP21's presidential candidate, "Stand up, Korea!" (Korean: "일어나라 코리아!"). After the election, these dissenting progressives formed the "Youth Progressive Party" (Korean: 청년진보당).
The Youth Progressive Party ran for election to the National Assembly in the Guro-gu local constituency, and attained 4.1% of the votes cast. In August 2001, the party changed its name to "Socialist Party" under the slogan "Against Capitalism, Against WPK", targeting certain nationalists known as the "NL" (National Liberation) faction within the Democratic Labor Party.
The party changed its name to "Hope Socialist Party" (Korean: 희망사회당) in April 2006, and to "Korea Socialist Party" (Korean: 한국사회당) in October 2006 due to the Korean law forbidding the usage of a party name for four years when registration is canceled.
In the 2008 parliamentary elections, the party amassed less than 3% of the vote, and the national election committee consequently canceled its registration. In November, the party re-registered with the name "Socialist Party".

## Elections

On several occasions, the party ran candidates for president or parliament, for example Kim Yeong-gyu in the 2002 presidential election, but it never won any elections.
For the 2007 presidential election, Geum Min ran as the party's candidate for president. He proposed the idea of social republicanism, subsequently adopted as a component of the party's platform.

## Election results
### President

| Election | Candidate | Votes | % | Result |
| 2007 | Geum Min | 18,223 | 0.08 | Not elected |

### Legislature

| Election | Leader | Constituency | Constituency | Constituency | Constituency | Party list | Party list | Party list | Party list | Seats | Seats | Position | Status |
| Election | Leader | Votes | % | Seats | +/- | Votes | % | Seats | +/- | No. | +/– | Position | Status |
| 2004 | Geum Min | 8,004 | 0.04 | 0 / 243 | new | 47,311 | 0.22 | 0 / 56 | new | 0 / 299 | new | 9th | Extra-parliamentary |
| 2008 | Ahn Hyo-sang | | | | | 35,496 | 0.21 | 0 / 54 | | 0 / 299 | | 11th | Extra-parliamentary |
# Kozhevnikova Bay

73°50′N 110°00′E﻿ / ﻿73.833°N 110.000°E﻿ / 73.833; 110.000
Kozhevnikova Bay (Russian: б́ухта Коже́вникова, bukhta Kozhevnikova) is a gulf in the southern shore the Khatanga Gulf, Laptev Sea, located west of the Hara Tumus Peninsula. Its coast is desolate as there is no vegetation except for tundra. Since its shores receive alluvial deposits eroded from the cliffs located north of the Khatanga Gulf, they are quite stable.
During the 1930s, this area experienced a limited boom owing to the first icebreaker convoys plying the Northern Sea Route. There was a town called Kozhevnikovo and a settlement called Ugolny close to the Kozhevnikova Bay's shore.
Kozhevnikova Bay is 23 km wide and 48 km in length and it is circled by lowlands. Since the climate in the area is exceptionally severe, with prolonged, Arctic winters, it is covered by ice most of the year.
Kozhevnikova Bay and its surrounding area belongs to the Krasnoyarsk Krai administrative division of the Russian Federation.
# Tregurrian

Tregurrian (Cornish: Tregoryan, meaning Coryan's farm) is a hamlet 2 miles north-northeast of Newquay, on the north coast of Cornwall, England, United Kingdom.
The beach at Watergate Bay was formerly known as Tregurrian beach.

## Cornish wrestling

Cornish wrestling tournaments, for prizes, have been held in Tregurrian in the 1900s.
# Purevdorj Erdenebat

Purevdorj Erdenebat (Mongolian: Эрдэнэбат Пүрэвдорж; born 10 February 1994), is a Mongolian international footballer who plays as a midfielder for Mongolian National Premier League side Ulaanbaatar University Football Club.

## International career

Purevdorj made his international debut in a 2–2 draw with Macau at the 2017 EAFF E-1 Football Championship. He replaced Murun Altankhuyag in the 80th minute.

## International statistics

    As of match played 4 June 2017.
| National team | Year | Apps | Goals |
| Mongolia | 2016 | 4 | 1 |
| Mongolia | 2017 | 0 | 0 |
| Total | Total | 4 | 1 |

### International goals

    Scores and results list Mongolia's goal tally first.
| No | Date | Venue | Opponent | Score | Result | Competition |
| 1. | 4 July 2016 | National Training Center, Dededo, Guam | Northern Mariana Islands | 7–0 | 8–0 | 2017 EAFF E-1 Football Championship |
# Regina, French Guiana

Régina (French pronunciation:; French Guianese Creole: Réjina) is a commune of French Guiana, an overseas region and department of France located in South America. With a land area of 12,130 km$^2$ (4,680 sq mi), it is the second-largest commune of France. The town is named after the first merchant who settled in the area.

## Overview

Régina lies on the Approuague River. In former times it was a gold mining centre. During the 1870s, it was home to several thousand people.
Guisanbourg was founded in April 1832 as the administrative centre. After the discovery gold, Régina became more important. In 1936, Régina became the capital of the commune. In the 1980s, Guisanbourg became a ghost town.

## Villages

* Guisanbourg, former capital of the commune, and ghost town.
* Kaw

## Transport

Following the construction of a bridge over the Approuague River in 2003, an asphalted road from Régina to Saint-Georges de l'Oyapock (a town by the Brazilian border) was opened in 2004, completing the road from Cayenne (the préfecture and largest city of French Guiana) to the Brazilian border. It is now possible to drive on a fully paved road from Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni on the Surinamese border to Oiapoque, Brazil.

## Nature

The Nouragues Nature Reserve is located near the town. The reserve was created in 1996, and covers 76,000 hectares.
In 1998, the Kaw-Roura Marshland Nature Reserve was established, and covers an area of 94,700 hectares between Roura and Régina, and is sometimes nicknamed "the Everglades of Guyana".
The Petite Montagnes Tortue Biological Reserve is located the commune. It is mountain range of quartz mountains which are home to many rare or endemic plants.

## Climate

Régina has a tropical rainforest climate (Köppen Af) with heavy to very heavy rainfall year-round.
Climate data for Régina :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 28.8 (83.8) | 28.7 (83.7) | 29.5 (85.1) | 29.3 (84.7) | 29.2 (84.6) | 29.8 (85.6) | 30.4 (86.7) | 31.5 (88.7) | 32.1 (89.8) | 32.2 (90.0) | 31.6 (88.9) | 29.7 (85.5) | 30.2 (86.4) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 25.4 (77.7) | 25.3 (77.5) | 25.8 (78.4) | 25.8 (78.4) | 25.7 (78.3) | 25.7 (78.3) | 25.8 (78.4) | 26.3 (79.3) | 26.5 (79.7) | 26.4 (79.5) | 26.4 (79.5) | 25.6 (78.1) | 25.9 (78.6) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 22.0 (71.6) | 22.0 (71.6) | 22.2 (72.0) | 22.4 (72.3) | 22.3 (72.1) | 21.6 (70.9) | 21.2 (70.2) | 21.2 (70.2) | 21.0 (69.8) | 20.7 (69.3) | 21.2 (70.2) | 21.6 (70.9) | 21.6 (70.9) |
| Average rainfall mm (inches) | 430 (16.9) | 354 (13.9) | 367 (14.4) | 409 (16.1) | 567 (22.3) | 434 (17.1) | 250 (9.8) | 167 (6.6) | 97 (3.8) | 107 (4.2) | 193 (7.6) | 369 (14.5) | 3,744 (147.2) |
| Source: Climate-Data.org ||||||||||||||
# Kourosh Ahari

Kourosh Ahari (Persian: کوروش آهاری, Cyrus Ahari; born 1986) is an Iranian film director, screenwriter, and producer. He is best known for his psychological horror thriller film 2020 The Night.
He was born in 1986 in Mashhad and moved to the United States at the age of 19. Ahari has a bachelor's degree in cinema, graduating at the top of his class and receiving the Excellence in Film Directing Award.

## Films

* 2020: The Night
* 2024: Parallel (post-production)
# Rachid Benhadj

Mohamed Rachid Benhadj (Arabic: رشيد بن حاج, born 12 July 1949) is an Algerian film director and screenwriter.

## Life and career

Born in Algiers, Benhadj studied architecture and cinema at the University of Paris. He made his professional debut working for the Radiodiffusion Télévision Algérienne as a documentarist. His feature film debut Louss (aka Desert Rose, 1989) received wide critical acclaim. In the 1990s he decided to settle permanently in Italy. Starting with his second film Touchia, his films got more socially and politically committed. He is also a painter.

## Filmography

* Louss (1988)
* Touchia (1992)
* L'ultima cena (1995)
* Mirka (2000)
* For Bread Alone (2006)
* Parfumes of Algiers (2012)
* The Star of Algiers (2016)
* Matarès (2019)
# Petra Theater

Petra Theater (Arabic: مسرح البتراء) is a first century AD Nabataean theatre situated 600 m from the centre of Petra. Substantial part of the theater was carved out of solid rock, while the scaena and exterior wall were constructed. The theater's auditorium consists of three horizontal sections of seats separated by passageways and seven stairways to ascend. The theater could accommodate a number of approximately 8500 people, more than the estimated number of Amman theater. Petra Theater follows similar architectural patterns of Roman theaters, which enhances superior acoustics.

## History

The theater was built in the cultural and political apex of the Nabataean kingdom under Aretas IV (9 BC-40 AD), where large scale civic construction projects in Petra and other important Nabataean trading cities in Hijaz and the Negev took place. It is said that the theater-building activities of Herod the Great may have urged the Nabataean king to follow lead. The massive theater with its large capacity was positioned to bring the greatest number of tombs within view.
Although Roman in design, being carved out opposed to being built is characteristically distinctive Nabataean style and not a Roman manner. The floral capitals of the theater are also distinctively Nabataean artistic element. Minor alterations of the theater were made by Aretas son Malichus II and later on the Romans who re-built the exterior wall.
* The theater stage
* Closer view
* Aerial photo of the theater
# Wandre

Wandre (French pronunciation:; Walloon: Wande) is a sub-municipality of the city of Liège located in the province of Liège, Wallonia, Belgium. It was a separate municipality until 1977. On 1 January 1977, it was merged into Liège.
# Joel Zifkin

Joel Zifkin (born April 14, 1954) is a Canadian musician and songwriter. His primary instrument is the electric violin and he is best known as a session musician and live performer.

## Career

Zifkin has performed and/or recorded with the following artists: Kate & Anna McGarrigle, Richard Thompson, Rufus Wainwright, Martha Wainwright, Emmylou Harris, Buddy Guy, Big Mama Thornton, Eddie "Cleanhead" Vinson, Philip Glass, Lou Reed, Townes Van Zandt, Rational Youth, Joe Dassin, Roma Baran, Elvis Costello, Wade Hemsworth, Pierre Marchand, Robert Charlebois, Les Colocs, Yaya Diallo, Chaim Tannenbaum, Joe Boyd, The Chieftains, Pat Donaldson, Ravens & Chimes, Hal Willner's Harry Smith Project: Anthology of American Folk Music Revisited, among others.
He also appeared in the film Hank Williams: The Show He Never Gave (1980) and the documentary "Sing Me the Songs That Say I Love You: A Concert for Kate McGarrigle", directed by Lian Lunson (2013).
Zifkin released the self-titled solo album Joel Zifkin in 2004, Five Songs More in 2008, and the singles "When Insanity Reigns It Pours" and "The Glow" in 2013, all on iTunes.

## Selected credits
### Solo

* Joel Zifkin (2004)
* Five Songs More (2008)

### With Kate & Anna McGarrigle

* Heartbeats Accelerating (1990)
* "Was My Brother in the Battle?", "Hard Times Come Again No More", "Better Times Are Coming", on Songs of the Civil War (1991)
* Matapedia (1996)
* The McGarrigle Hour (1998)
* La vache qui pleure (2003)
* The McGarrigle Christmas Hour (2005)
* Before Tomorrow (French title Le jour avant le lendemain) film soundtrack (2008)
* ODDiTTiES (2010)
* Sing Me the Songs: Celebrating the Works of Kate McGarrigle (2013)
* Tant Le Monde: Live in Bremen, Germany, 2005 (2022)

### With World Café

* "DJ Serenade", on Live at the World Café - Volume 9 (1999)

### With Richard Thompson

* Dream Attic (2010) (nominated for the Best Contemporary Folk Album award in the 53rd Annual Grammy Awards. )
* Live at Celtic Connections – The Richard Thompson Band (2012) DVD, Blu-ray Disc

### With Rufus Wainwright

* Moulin Rouge! Music from Baz Luhrmann's Film (2001)
* When Love Speaks (2002)
* Vibrate: The Best of Rufus Wainwright (2014)

### With The Wainwright Sisters

* Songs in the Dark (2015)

### With Les Colocs

* Les Colocs (1993)
* Suite 2116 (posthumous; 2001)
* Il me parle de bonheur (2009)
# State Customs Service of Turkmenistan

The State Customs Service of Turkmenistan (Turkmen: Türkmenistanyň Döwlet gümrük gullugy) — is a governmental agency of management performing the state policy in the field of regulation of activities of customs system of Turkmenistan, providing observance of the international obligations of Turkmenistan on customs questions, and also performing fight against smuggling and other crimes, administrative offenses in the sphere of its activities.
It was founded by decree on 4 November 1991.

## Structure

* Central Office
* Altyn Asyr Customs Training Center
* Directorate of Economic Management
* Customs Units
** 6 customs administrations
** 51 customs posts

### Altyn Asyr Customs Training Center

The Altyn Asyr Customs Training Center in Ashgabat provides advanced training for customs service employees. The center provides English language training for customs officials.

## Chairmen

* Mammadklych Kabaev (29 July 1992-2 April 1993)
* Khabibulla Durdyev (25 June 1993-6 December 1998)
* Mered Khalovezov (6 December 1998-26 February 2001)
* Oraz Veliatayev (28 February 2001-29 July 2002)
* Alexander Grishin (29 July 2002-25 January 2006)
* Muradberdy Annalyev (25 January 2006-19 June 2008)
* Yaylym Berdiyev (19 June 2008-21 January 2009)
* Orazgeldy Esenov (21 January 2009-22 January 2009)
* Meredgeldy Berdyev (22 January 2009-2 August 2011)
* Annamuhammed Khojamkuliev (2 August 2011-4 August 2015)
* Dovrangeldy Bayramov (8 August 2015-1 March 2016)
* Mammetkhan Chakyev (1 March 2016-1 June 2017)
* Yazdurdy Soyegov (1 June 2017-25 October 2017)
* Atadurdy Osmanov (25 October 2017-8 July 2019)
* Maksat Khudaikulyev (since 8 July 2019)
# Khudair Abdul Amir

Khudair Abdul Amir (Arabic: خضير عبد الأمير) (born 1934) is an Iraqi writer and novelist. His novel Rumuzun ʿAṣriya (Modern Symbols) was chosen by the Arab Writers Union in the 20th century among the best 100 Arabic novels.

## About the author

Khudair Abdul Amir continued his secondary school studies in Baghdad. He published his first story in Al-Shaab newspaper in 1956. Also, he was employed in the department of imports, before moving to the ministry of communications. He also was a secretary for Al-Ṭaliʿa Magazine editorial from 1979-1984. He also was the magazine’s editorial board director in 1984-1990. In 1993, he was a proofreader in the department of general cultural affairs in Al-Aqlam magazine. Finally, he is a member of the Author and Writers Union in Iraq.

## Works
### Novels

* Laisa Thimmatu Amalin Li Gilgamesh (There is No Hope for Gilgamesh) (1971)
* Rumuzun ʿAṣriya (Modern Symbols) (1977)
* Hatha Aj-Janibu Minal Madina (The Side of The City) (1984)
* At-Ṭuruqul Muwḥesha (Savage Ways) (1999)
* Ḥob Wa Ḥarb (Love and War) (2000)

### Other writings

* Ḥamamu Al-Saʿada (Pigeon of Happiness) (Short story collection), 1964
* Ar-Raḥil (The Leaving) (Short story collection), 1968
* ʿAwdatul Rajulil Mahzuz (Return of The Shaken Man) (Short story collection), 1970
* Kanat Hunaka Ḥikayatun (There Was A Tale) (Short story collection), 1974
* Khayma Lil ʿAam Ḥasan (Uncle Hasan's Tent) (Short story collection), 1974
* Al-Farrara (The Runaway) (Stories), 1979
* Al-Layla Al-Oula Fi Bayti Nasr (The First Night at Nasr's House) (Fictional narratives), 1988
* Nujumun Fi Samaa’il Nahar (Stars in The Morning Sky) (Stories), 1985
* ʿĀshiqāni Min Baghdad (Two Lovers From Baghdad) (Stories), 1987
* Al-Aswad Wal Abyad (Black and White) (Stories), 1990
* Aṣ-Ṣilṣal (The Clay) (Short story collection), 1996
* Al-Ashbaḥ (Ghosts) (Short story collection), 2001

## Prizes and awards

Arab Journalism Award from in the United Arab Emirates in 2015.
# Phan Văn Thúy

Phan Văn Thúy (潘文璻, ? – 1833) was a general and official of the Nguyễn dynasty, Vietnam.

## Life

Anouvong, the king of Vientiane, launched a rebellion against Siam in 1826, but was defeated by Bodindecha. Thúy was sent to support him.
Two years later, Anouvong came back to Vientiane and decided to revolt against Siam again. As Rama III raised an army to quell the rebellion, Anouvong asked for the help of the Vietnamese. Minh Mạng, the emperor of Vietnam, accepted the offer and sent troops to Laos. However, it was just a pretext for annexing the region. Phan Văn Thúy, Nguyễn Văn Xuân, Nguyễn Khoa Hào was sent to support him, but marched slowly. After Anouvong's defeat and execution by Siamese, the rest part of Vientiane Kingdom was annexed by Vietnam and renamed to the Vietnamese name: Trấn Ninh (鎮寧), or "Tranquil Commandery".
Thúy was sent to put down Lê Văn Khôi revolt together with Tống Phúc Lương, Nguyễn Xuân, Trương Minh Giảng and Trần Văn Năng in 1833.

## Death

He fell ill in Biên Hòa and died in Khánh Hòa.
# Itbayat Church

Santa Maria de Mayan Parish Church, commonly known as Itbayat Church, is a historic Roman Catholic church in Itbayat, Batanes, Philippines. It is under the jurisdiction of the Territorial Prelature of Batanes.

## History

The original structure of the Santa Maria de Mayan Church was made of wood. The original wooden church was built from 1853 to 1858 and was placed under the patronage of the Immaculate Conception. The current church building was built by the Dominicans. The construction of the church building was started during the administration of Fr. Manuel Blasco in 1872. It was completed in 1888 and the church was blessed by Blasco.
The church building sustained major damage during the Batanes earthquake of July 27, 2019 with its belfry tower falling off. The church was again severely damaged by Super typhoon Kong-rey (Leon) in October 2024.
# Petrovec, North Macedonia

Petrovec (Macedonian: Петровец) is a village in the municipality of Petrovec, North Macedonia and situated about 15 km southeast of the national capital Skopje. It is the seat of the Petrovec municipality. Though rather small, the village is known throughout the country as being the nearest settlement to Skopje International Airport, the bigger of two international airports in North Macedonia (for this, Petrovec had previously been the name of the airport).

## Demographics

As of the 2021 census, Petrovec had 3,132 residents with the following ethnic composition:
* Macedonians 2,637
* Bosniaks 164
* Persons for whom data are taken from administrative sources 136
* Serbs 99
* Albanians 83
* Others 13
According to the 2002 census, the village had a total of 2,659 inhabitants. Ethnic groups in the village include:
* Macedonians 2,312
* Bosniaks 118
* Serbs 99
* Albanians 67
* Romani 53
* Others 10

## Sports

Local football club FK Petrovec plays in the Macedonian Third League (North Division).
# Kidwelly Castle

Kidwelly Castle (Welsh: Castell Cydweli) is a Norman castle overlooking the River Gwendraeth and the town of Kidwelly, Carmarthenshire, Wales.

## Early history

The castle dates from a decision in the very early years of the 12th century to entrust Roger, bishop of Salisbury, as lord of Kidwelly. The castle and adjoining town were built soon after.

## History and description

The present remains of the castle date from the early 12th century. Created as a defence against the Welsh, the castle fell to the Welsh several times in the twelfth century. The Prince of Wales named Lord Rhys, as he was later known, captured Kidwelly Castle in 1159 and was recognised by King Henry II of England as the ruler of the region. Upon his death, it was passed to the Anglo-Normans. The castle was captured and razed by Llywelyn the Great in 1231. Later in its history, it was unsuccessfully besieged by forces of Owain Glyndŵr in August 1403 with assistance from soldiers from France and Brittany who captured Kidwelly town. The castle was relieved by a Norman army in September 1403.
The plan of the castle consists of a square inner bailey defended by four round towers, which overlook a semi-circular outer curtain wall on the landward side, with the massive gatehouse next to the river. The defensive precautions taken at Kidwelly were not as thorough as those found in the other great Welsh castles of the time, and most of the focus of the builders was in the strength of their walls and towers. The outer curtain possesses a stair built against it, from the level of the ward, a rare feature in English castles of that time. The river prevents this from being a truly concentric plan, however a jutting tower protects the riverside walls, and the final plan is very strong. The castle is relatively well-preserved, and is managed by Cadw.
The surrounding countryside is reputedly haunted by the headless ghost of Gwenllian ferch Gruffydd, wife of the Welsh prince Gruffydd ap Rhys, who was beheaded in 1136.

## In film

Kidwelly was used as a location for the 1975 film Monty Python and the Holy Grail, appearing in the very first scene after the titles.

## Gallery

* Kidwelly Castle, Wales
* Plan of Kidwelly Castle
* Kidwelly Castle, entrance gate
* View of the walls
* The castle inner courtyard
* The castle in the 1890s, with the ruins partly overgrown
# Hořovice Castle

Hořovice Castle (Czech: zámek Hořovice) is a castle in the town of Hořovice in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic.

## History

It was built in two parts. The so-called "Old Castle" was built in the Gothic style in the 14th century, and the "New Castle" was radically rebuilt and extended in the first half of the 19th century under its owner Frederick William's orders and according to the plans of the Kassel architect Gottlob Engelhardt. The castle only got its final shape after further structural changes due to more refurbishings at the beginning of the 20th century, with furniture of the rooms and the interior being carried out in late Neoclassical style.
The castle served as the primary residence of the Princes of Hanau, since 1867 until the end of the World War II. They were the descendants of Friedrich Wilhelm I of Hesse from his morganatic marriage to Gertrude Lehmann, who was made Princess of Hanau and Horowitz (Hořovice).

## Present

Today, the castle is owned by the state. The New Castle is open to the public and offers sightseeing tours. Since 2001, the castle has been protected as a national cultural monument. The courtyard enclosure is decorated with valuable sculptures by Matthias Braun.
The Old Castle houses the Police of the Czech Republic, the Municipal Library and the Information Centre, and offices of a family centre and of the Museum of the Bohemian Karst. A gallery and exposition of Hořovice Region Museum are also located there.
# Raj Bhushan Choudhary

Raj Bhushan Choudhary is an Indian politician and the Union Minister of state in Narendra Modi cabinet Government of India. He was elected in the 2024 General Election from Muzaffarpur Lok Sabha constituency. He is a member of the Bharatiya Janata Party.

## Political career

In Following the 2024 Indian general election, Raj Bhushan Choudhary wins from Muzaffarpur seat by defeating Ajay Nishad (INC) by a margin of 2,34,936 votes.