OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Chaloem Sawan 58 Bridge

The Chaloem Sawan 58 Bridge (Thai: สะพานเฉลิมสวรรค์ ๕๘) was a bridge crossing the northern end of Khlong Khu Mueang Doem (Thai: คลองคูเมืองเดิม)), or old moat, in Phra Nakhon District, Bangkok. The bridge, built in the axis of Phra Athit Road (Thai: ถนนพระอาทิตย์), was opened on 23 October 1912 by King Vajiravudh (Rama VI), two years after his father's death, King Chulalongkorn (Rama V). Last structure to be built of the Chaloem Bridges Series, which numbered seventeen, it "was dedicated to King Rama V by King Rama VI on his father's 58th birthday".
The bridge had four pillars, one at each corner, that were topped by the royal cypher of King Chulalongkorn: "จปร" which stands for "มหาจุฬาลงกรณ์ ปรมราชาธิราช"(RTGS: Maha Chulalongkon Prom Rachathirat ; lit: "Chulalongkorn The Great, The Mighty King"). The name of the bridge was inscribed on two opposite sides at the square base of each pillar as well as the foundation date of the bridge on the two other sides as related to the Rattanakosin Era: "ศก ๑๓๐", meaning the 130th year of the Rattanakosin Era.
The trams of the Dusit Line (Thai: สายดุสิต) used to cross the bridge linking the Phra Athit Road (Thai: ถนนพระอาทิตย์) with the Rachini Alley (Thai: ถนนราชินี) until 23 December 1963 when the line was cut between the Bangkok National Museum and Baan Maliwan (now the offices of the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization).
It was dismantled in 1971 when the Phra Pinklao bridge was built at that spot. At that time, the Association of Siamese Architects (ASA) and the Society for the Conservation Of National Treasure and Environment (SCONTE) called for the conservation of the structure to the Bangkok Municipality who "agreed to re-erect the bridge at an appropriate place". Part of the bridge structure was supposed to be rebuilt in Lumphini Park but due to budgetary constraints this did not materialize. It was planned instead to use the structure to extend the Chang Rongsi Bridge but this project was also abandoned.
# Patrick Sissons

Sir John Gerald Patrick Sissons (28 June 1945 – 25 September 2016) was an English physician, specialising in nephrology and virology, focusing on cytomegalovirus. He was a FRCP, FRCPath, FMedSci and Regius Professor of Physic at the University of Cambridge.

## Biography

Patrick Sissons was born in Hessle, East Riding of Yorkshire and attended Ilkley and Felsted School. He studied medicine at St Mary's Hospital Medical School, London. After graduation, he continued there, specialising in nephrology, studying immune-mediated kidney diseases. His clinical training was at the University of the West Indies.

## Career

Sissons won an NIH Fogarty Fellowship and moved to the Scripps Research Institute in San Diego for 3 years, where he worked under Michael Oldstone.
He returned to London and continued at Hammersmith Hospital, working with Keith Peters (physician) on the virology research side and Jonathan Cohen, establishing a clinical infectious diseases service. He began working on cytomegalovirus during the late 1970s and 1980s with John Sinclair focusing on virus latency and reactivation in humans, which had been done in animal models only. Leszek Borysiewicz was his PhD student.
In 1987, he moved to the University of Cambridge, helped develop the Faculty of Clinical Medicine, connecting it with the MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Addenbrooke's Hospital, helped to develop the Centre for Clinical Investigation, the Institute of Metabolic Science and the Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre and is said to have convinced AstraZeneca to move its research to Cambridge.
In 2005, Sissons became Regius Professor of Physic at the University of Cambridge after Peters retired, until his own retirement in 2012. He died in September 2016 from complications of Parkinson's disease.
# Teplá Vltava

The Teplá Vltava is a river in the Czech Republic, the main source of the Vltava River. It flows through the South Bohemian Region. Until its confluence with the Studená Vltava when it further continues as the Vltava, the Teplá Vltava is 54.3 km (33.7 mi) long.

## Etymology

The name Vltava is derived from the Proto-Germanic words wilt-ahwa, i.e 'wild water'. The attribute teplá means 'warm', compared to the Studená Vltava, i.e. 'cold Vltava'.

## Characteristic

From a water management point of view, the Vltava and Teplá Vltava are one river with single numbering of river kilometres. The Teplá Vltava originates in the territory of Kvilda in the Bohemian Forest at an elevation of 1,174 m (3,852 ft), on the slope of the Černá hora Mountain, and flows to the Pěkná exclave of the Nová Pec municipality, where it merges with the Studená Vltava River at an elevation of 731 m (2,398 ft) and continues as Vltava. It is 54.3 km (33.7 mi) long. Its drainage basin has an area of 347.58 km$^2$ (134.20 sq mi), of which 26.34 km$^2$ (10.17 sq mi) is in Germany and 321.24 km$^2$ (124.03 sq mi) is in the Czech Republic.
The longest tributaries of the Teplá Vltava are:
| Tributary | Length (km) | River km | Side |
| Řasnice | 20.9 | 394.3 | right |
| Volarský potok | 11.1 | 378.9 | left |
| Vltavský potok | 9.3 | 415.3 | right |
| Vydří potok | 9.1 | 416.8 | left |

## Course

The river flows through the municipal territories of Kvilda, Borová Lada, Horní Vltavice, Lenora, Volary, Stožec and Nová Pec.

## Bodies of water

There are 102 bodies of water in the basin area, but none of them is significant. The largest of them is the artificial lake Žďárecké jezírko with an area of 1.6 ha (4.0 acres), supplied by the Častá Brook.

## Nature

The entire course of the river is located within the Šumava National Park and Šumava Protected Landscape Area. Among the common species of fish in the Teplá Vltava are river trout, European bullhead, burbot and grayling.

## Tourism

The Teplá Vltava is suitable for river tourism, but due to its location in a protected area, paddling is only permitted under certain conditions.
# Augusta Read Thomas

Augusta Read Thomas (born April 24, 1964) is an American composer and University Professor of Composition in the Department of Music at the University of Chicago, where she is also director of the Chicago Center for Contemporary Composition.

## Biography

Thomas studied composition with Oliver Knussen at the Tanglewood Music Center; Jacob Druckman at Yale University; Alan Stout and Bill Karlins at Northwestern University; and at the Royal Academy of Music in London. She was a Bunting Fellow at Radcliffe College in 1990–91 and a Junior Fellow in the Society of Fellows at Harvard University from 1991 to 1994. Thomas was the longest-serving Mead Composer-in-Residence with the Chicago Symphony Orchestra, from 1997 to 2006. This residency culminated in the premiere of Astral Canticle for solo flute, solo violin, and orchestra, a finalist for the 2007 Pulitzer Prize in Music. During her residency, Thomas premiered nine commissioned orchestral works and helped establish the MusicNOW series.
A former chairperson of the American Music Center, she is on many boards and, according to Wise Music Classical, "has become one of the most recognizable and widely loved figures in American music."
Commissions include those from the Santa Fe Opera in collaboration with the San Francisco Opera and several other opera companies, PEAK Performances at Montclair State University and the Martha Graham Dance Company, The Cathedral Choral Society of Washington, D.C., the Indianapolis Symphony Orchestra, Tanglewood Music Festival, BBC Proms, Diotima Quartet and The Philharmonie of Paris, Sejong Soloists, the Kaleidoscope Chamber Orchestra, Des Moines Symphony, Boston Symphony, Utah Symphony, Wigmore Hall in London, Indianapolis Symphonic Choir, JACK quartet, Third Coast Percussion, Spektral Quartet, Chicago Philharmonic, Eugene Symphony, the Danish Chamber Players, Notre Dame University, Janet Sung, and the Fromm Foundation.

## Early life and education (1964–1989)

Thomas was born in 1964 in Glen Cove, New York.
In 2004 she was elected a Fellow of the Royal Academy of Music.
Immediately after receiving her degree from the Royal Academy of Music, Thomas was awarded a Guggenheim Fellowship in 1989. At 23, she was the youngest woman recipient of the honor at the time.

## Career

Shortly after completing her Guggenheim Fellowship, Thomas began teaching at the Eastman School of Music.
In 2010, the University of Chicago announced Thomas's appointment as University Professor of Composition in the Department of Music and the college. She is the 16th designated professor appointed by the university. In 2018, it was announced that Thomas had created the Chicago Center for Contemporary Composition (CCCC) at the University of Chicago.
In 2016, Thomas created and co-curated the Ear Taxi Festival, which included over 350 musicians, 88 composers, and 54 world premieres. The two-day festival took place in Chicago. The festival's success earned Thomas the title "Chicagoan of the Year" from Chicago magazine.
Thomas's recent works include an opera, Sweet Potato Kicks the Sun, that premiered at the Santa Fe Opera in 2019.
# Kerry Muzzey

Kerry Muzzey (born 1970) is an American classical composer.

## Early life

Muzzey was born and raised in Joliet, Illinois. Muzzey graduated from Millikin University in Decatur, Illinois, with a degree in piano performance.

## Career

In 2007, he was commissioned by director Bill Purple and Iron Ocean Films' executive producers Jessica Biel and Michelle Purple to create the score for Iron Ocean Films' first film, Hole in the Paper Sky. In that same year he also lent several instrumental compositions to the Robert Redford– and Terrence Malick–produced documentary, The Unforeseen. Muzzey also scored the film Amexicano.
In 2009, Kerry Muzzey was approached by the music supervisor of Glee about using Muzzey's composition "Looking Back" as a love theme in the first two episodes of the series. The music was well received and was used in multiple episodes of the series. In 2011, Muzzey was commissioned to score the Wendie Malick film What Happens Next, followed by Holiday Engagement.
Kerry Muzzey's contemporary classical music has been featured on So You Think You Can Dance, for which Muzzey created a custom version of his composition "Bernini's Angels" In 2012, choreographer Christopher Scott used Muzzey's composition "Architect of the Mind" as the opening number for the show's Top 20 dancers. In 2012 Kerry again collaborated with choreographer Christopher Scott and director Jon M. Chu to compose the music for "Earth Chorus," a composition that used NASA recordings of the Earth's sounds as heard from space and turned them into musical instruments. The video was performed by The Legion of Extraordinary Dancers and was featured on Mashable.
In August 2014, Muzzey released the album The Architect, which was recorded at AIR Lyndhurst by the Chamber Orchestra of London. The album debuted at #5 on the iTunes Classical Chart and simultaneously debuted at #5 on the Billboard Classical Chart. The album also spent three months in featured placement on the iTunes Classical storefront. In 2015, Muzzey scored the documentary film The Seer (later retitled Look & See: A Portrait of Wendell Berry)
In 2017, Muzzey was commissioned to create the original score for Northern Ballet's full length ballet, Casanova, which premiered in London at Sadler's Wells.
Kerry Muzzey resides in Los Angeles.
# The Christmas Village in Philadelphia

The Christmas Village in Philadelphia is an annual outdoor Christmas market event in LOVE Park, at which vendors in wooden booths and a vendor tent sell international seasonal holiday gifts, ornaments, arts, and crafts, as well as European food, sweets, and hot beverages.
The Christmas Village was formerly held at City Hall, since LOVE Park was under construction. In 2017, Christmas Village returned to the newly renovated LOVE Park and turned it into an authentic German Christmas market. The 2023 event was open from November 18 – December 24, 2023.

## About

The Christmas Village in Philadelphia is modeled in the style of traditional German Christmas Markets. Christmas Market events such as the famous Christkindlesmarkt in Nuremberg, which dates back to the 16th century, are part of a long tradition of farmers' markets in Germany's inner cities.
Several wooden booths and tents sell food specialties such as German bratwursts with sauerkraut, schnitzel, goulash, and Bavarian pretzels. A wide assortment of traditional sweet Christmas-food items like lebkuchen (gingerbread cookies), stollen, spekulatius, roasted nuts, cotton candy, chocolate covered fruits, waffles, and crepes are offered. In addition to hot drinks such as hot chocolate, coffee, and tea, Christmas Village offers Glühwein (mulled wine).
Besides local vendors and artists there are German vendors selling genuine Christmas decorations, pewter ornaments, candles, nativity sets, glass ornaments, toys, woollens, wooden ornaments, lace, spices, and jewelry.
The booths' assortment is related to the winter season and the upcoming holidays.
Highlights of the event include live performances from local artists such as string and brass bands, soloists, and school choirs at a central stage, and an opening ceremony with the original Christkind from Christkindlesmarkt Nuremberg, the City of Philadelphia's Christmas Tree Lighting Ceremony and a German American weekend. For children there is a Santa's house and more special themed events such as story time. For adults Christmas Village offers weekly wine and spirits tastings.

## Name controversy

In 2010, Christmas Village in Philadelphia was subject to a major controversy about its name. After City Officials proposed to change its name and its portal signs to “Holiday Village”, the controversy became a national news topic. Jay Leno scoffed: “The annual ‘Christmas Village’ in Philadelphia has been renamed the ‘Holiday Village.’ In fact, they’re not Santa’s reindeer anymore . . . They’re now ‘nondenominational venison.’” After three days of controversy Philadelphia’s Mayor Michael A. Nutter intervened and the name and signs were restored.
# Cheikh el-Arab

Ahmed ben Mohamed Faouzi (né Bouchlaken; Arabic: أحمد فوزي, Tachelhit: H'mad Fouzi; c. 1924 – 7 August 1964), nicknamed Cheikh el-Arab (Arabic: شيخ العرب, lit. 'chief of the Arabs'), was a Moroccan nationalist and veteran of the Moroccan Army of Liberation.

## Early life and education

Ahmed ben Mohamed ben Brahim Bouchlaken was born c. 1924 in Agouliz, a village near Irherm in the Sous region of Morocco. An ethnic Berber, he was born in the Shilha Ait Issafen sub-tribe of the Ahl Tata. He was known under the Tachelhit variant of his first name, H'mad. His father, Mohamed ben Brahim, was a fqih who briefly migrated to Tindouf and ran a corner store before returning to his village and marrying his wife, Khadija bent Said. Mohamed later moved to the El Akkari district of Rabat and ran another corner store.
Ahmed attended a madrassa in his youth and received rudimentary education in the Quran and the Arabic language. At age 12, he left for Rabat to join his father, with legend stating that he walked the entire 675 kilometers alongside other youths from the village. He attended another madrassa in Rabat and worked as an assistant in his father's corner store. He worked at the Mohammed V school in Rabat before working as a cook at the M'hammed Guessous school, where he also studied.

## Militant career

He went by Ahmed Agouliz to distinguish himself from other resistance fighters named Ahmed, and he bore the name Ahmed ben Mohamed Faouzi or H'mad Fouzi on his identification papers.
According to mortuary records, he died following a gunshot wound to the rib cage. Another member of the group, 37-year-old Ahmed Aznag of Sidi Othmane, died of a gunshot wound to the skull.

## Trial

On 14 March 1964, after four months of trial, he was sentenced to death in absentia with Mehdi Ben Barka and other defendants, for conspiracy and attempted assassination against King Hassan II. Mohamed Basri, Moumen Diouri and Omar Benjelloun were sentenced to death. Abderrahmane Youssoufi received a suspended prison sentence. According to Moumen Diouri, also sentenced to death during the trial, this "plot" was invented from scratch by Hassan II's entourage in order to get rid of their most active opponents.
After a lengthy manhunt by police under the command of General Mohamed Oufkir, police officers found and shot him on 7 August 1964 in Casablanca. Diouri claimed that he committed committed suicide in front of Oufkir rather than surrender.
# Jan IV of Kępa

Jan IV of Kępa (died on 14 April 1346) was bishop of Poznań and author of sequences and antiphons.

## Biography

He was born to a knight from Greater Poland named Sędziwoj.
In the pages of history, he first appears in 1319, when as chancellor to the bishop of Poznań, he joined the delegation appointed by the papal judges to present a lawsuit against the Teutonic Knights on the trial between Poland and the Order on Gdańsk Pomerania. It is known that during this process he participated in court sessions in Inowrocław and Brześć Kujawski. He was also listed as one of the witnesses in the 1321 verdict concluding this trial. During the same period he was given the position of Archdeacon of Poznań. In 1331 he was almost killed during the Teutonic military expedition to Greater Poland, when the Order's troops captured Słupca.
In 1335 he was given the title of Bishop of Poznań. As a new bishop, together with Janisław, Archbishop of Gniezno, he challenged the Order to the Roman Curia. During the trial in 1339, which took place in Warsaw between the Order and Poland, the defendant as a witness issued both a negative opinion on the rule of Władysław Łokietek in Pomerania and on the crimes committed by the Teutonic Order. He renounced his claims, like the rest of the bishops, in 1343 at the conclusion of the Peace of Kalisz. In 1344, he started the reconstruction of the Poznań cathedral in the Gothic style. He died on 14 April 1346 and was buried in the cathedral.

## Creative works

Several hymns he wrote in honor of the Mother of God and saints survive to the present. Presumably, he also composed an inscription beginning with the words Hic iacet in tumba, engraved on the grave of Bolesław the Brave funded by one of his predecessors on the episcopal throne, Bogufał II. According to accounts, Bishop Jan also played the zither.

### Musical works

* Salve salutis janua (sequence for the celebration of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary in 16 verses),
* In laudem sacro praesuli (sequence in honor of St. Adalbert, with acrostic: Johannes presul Posnaniensis);
* Lux clarescit in via (Marian antiphon)
* De sancto Paulo (sequence: inc: Paule, doctor egregie ...)

## Name

Sometimes he is referred to as Jan of Kępa after Jan Długosz, although it is probably an error on the part of the chronicler because in the 14th century Kępa belonged to the Dolivs.
# John Worley

John C. Worley (1919-1999) was a saxophonist, conductor, professor, and a composer of classical, as well as more contemporary music for saxophone. He was born in Waltham, Massachusetts in 1919 and died on February 16, 1999. He served as conductor and director for many performing ensembles during his long teaching career, as well as a featured performer of saxophone and clarinet.

## Conducting & performing career highlights

His early performances included a position as first clarinetist in the Columbus Symphony Orchestra, as well as first clarinetist in the Connecticut Symphony.
While teaching at State University College at Oneonta, NY (aka "Oneonta State", now SUNY Oneonta) Worley took charge of the community-based Oneonta Symphony (now the Catskill Symphony Orchestra) in 1947. The ensemble had been dormant since World War II decimated its ranks, and by 1953 Worley had succeeded in rejuvenating it to the point where a full concert was possible. By 1954, under his direction it had swelled to 57 musicians and began presenting local concerts for 400 people. While at Oneonta State, Worley also conducted the campus vocal group, the Choraleers, and served as music director for stage productions. After his retirement from the Symphony, Worley returned to Oneonta to perform as clarinet soloist.
He performed with the Saxophone Sinfonia at Lincoln Center in New York City; the Cape Cod Orchestra in Massachusetts; and was an active participant at several Saxophone Workshops held by friends Sigurd Raschèr and Lee Patrick.
Worley organized the Williamsburg Saxophone Quartet and was the group's soprano saxophonist.

## Education

He graduated from Oberlin Conservatory where he studied clarinet with George Wain, and received his Masters from the Columbia Teachers College. He studied composition with Sir Lennox Berkeley at the Royal Academy of Music in London, England and conducting with Pierre Monteux in Maine.

## Teaching positions

Worley taught at the University of Bridgeport, the State University of New York at Oneonta and the University of Maine in Orono in Orono before moving to Williamsburg, Virginia in 1996.

## Compositions

After he retired from teaching, Worley focused on composing and arranging. His original compositions include:
* Claremont Concerto for alto saxophone and orchestra (1962)
* Penobscot Suite
* Owl's Head Sonatina
* Concerto for Saxophone
* Quintet for Saxophones
* Sonatina for Baritone Saxophone
* Sonata for Tenor Saxophone and Piano
* Sea Pines Concerto for trumpet and orchestra
Transcriptions include:
* Edvard Grieg's "Holberg Suite", arranged for large saxophone ensemble
* Etienne Ozi's "Adagio et Rondo," arranged for tenor saxophone and piano
* John Dowland "Dance Suite," arranged for saxophone sextet
# Konstantin Novikov

Konstantin Afanasyevich Novikov (Russian: Константин Афанасьевич Новиков; 6 August 1919 — 9 January 1958) was a Soviet flying ace during World War II, who was awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union on 1 May 1943 for his initial victories. Historians disagree on the exact breakdown of his final tally at the end of the war with Mikhail Bykov indicating that he totaled 28 solo and five (or three) shared shootdowns, and Andrey Simonov claiming that he had 31 solo and nine shared instead..
# Giáp line

The Giáp line (Vietnamese: chi Giáp; chữ Hán: 支甲; chi can also be translated to as branch) was the ninth dynasty of Hùng kings of the Hồng Bàng period of Văn Lang (now Viet Nam). Starting 1331 B.C., the line refers to the rule of Quân Lang and his successors, when the seat of government was centered at Phú Thọ.

## History

Quân Lang was born approximately 1375 B.C., and took the regnal name of Hùng Định Vương (雄定王) upon becoming Hùng king. The series of all Hùng kings following Quân Lang took that same regnal name of Hùng Định Vương to rule over Văn Lang until approximately 1252 B.C.
The Đồng Đậu culture strongly influenced the processes involved in making ceramic of this period.
# Yuri Bychkov

Yuri Alexandrovich Bychkov (Russian: Юрий Александрович Бычков; 1 September 1931 – 18 April 2016) was an art historian, a member of the Union of Artists and the Union of Theatre Workers of the Russian Federation, director of writer's house museum Melikhovo in 1994-2004.
He graduated from the Moscow Aviation Institute.
Author of the idea, the pioneer of tourism Golden Ring. One of the founders VOOPIK (All-Russian Society for Historic Preservation and Cultural Organization).
He died in Moscow on 18 April 2016.