OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 1843 in New Zealand

"none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive
The following lists events that happened during 1843 in New Zealand.

## Population

The estimated population of New Zealand at the end of 1843 is 75,400 Māori and 11,848 non-Māori.

## Incumbents
### Regal and viceregal

* Head of State – Queen Victoria
* Governor – Captain Robert Fitzroy arrives to take up the position on 26 December replacing Captain William Hobson who died the previous year.

### Government and law

* Chief Justice – William Martin

### Main centre leaders

* Mayor of Wellington – George Hunter dies on 19 July. The runner-up in the election the previous year, William Guyton, is declared Mayor. News that the Borough of Wellington has been declared illegal by the British Government reaches Wellington in late September. The Borough is abolished as is the office of Mayor. (see also 1842, 1863 & 1870)

## Events

* 22 April: The Southern Cross publishes its first issue. The Auckland-based newspaper publishes weekly, with a hiatus in 1845–1847, and from 1862 daily when it will also change its name to The Daily Southern Cross. It will eventually merge with The New Zealand Herald in 1876.
* 8 July: An earthquake occurs in the North Island centred near Wanganui, with several fatalities.
* 2 August: The New Zealand Colonist and Port Nicholson Advertiser ceases publishing after one year.
* 26 August: A riot of armed New Zealand Company workers occurs at the Company office in Nelson, spurred by issues surrounding quality of life and payment of wages. Several are arrested, and many leave for New South Wales as a result.
* 4 November: The Bay of Islands Advocate begins publishing. It runs for three months.

## Births

* 10 January Gilbert Mair, soldier

### Unknown date

* (in Scotland): John Blair, Mayor of Wellington.
* (in Ireland): George Fisher, politician.
* (in England): Charles Hall, politician.

## Deaths

* 17 June (Wairau Affray):
   * William Patchett, early settler
   * Arthur Wakefield, founder of Nelson
* 19 July: George Hunter, first Mayor of Wellington (b. 1788)
# Seminary Garden

Seminary Garden (Czech: Seminářská zahrada) is located in Prague, Czech Republic.
# Cruchten

Cruchten (Luxembourgish: Kruuchten) is a small village in the commune of Nommern, in central Luxembourg. As of 2024, the village has a population of 679.
Cruchten is served by a railway station.
# Abdol Javad Alamolhoda

Seyed Abdol Javad Alamolhoda (Persian: سید عبدالجواد علم‌الهدی: 1930 – 20 August 2020) was an Iranian ayatollah. He was the older brother of Ahmad Alamolhoda, the Friday prayer leader in Mashhad. He was also the founder of Al-Qaim Seminary in Tehran.

## Biography

Alamolhoda was born into a religious family in Mashhad, son of Seyed Ali Alamolhoda. While attending school he learnt the Quran along with his other studies. At the age of 14, in 1944, he went to Qom to attend the Qom Seminary to begin his Islamic studies. While in Qom he was taught by Ruhollah Khomeini, Hossein Borujerdi, Mohammad Hadi al-Milani, Shahab ud-Din Mar'ashi Najafi, and Morteza Haeri Yazdi After spending many years in Qom, he left to Tehran where he established the Al-Qaim Seminary in 1969. During the events leading to the 1979 Iranian revolution, he was in contact with Khomeini, as he wrote 10 letters to him. In the 70's, he went to France to visit Khomeini, where he delivered secret messages regarding people revolting against the Shah. He was also interrogated by SAVAK, and was banned from giving Khutbahs (lectures) on the Minbar (pulpit).

## Works

* International Zionism
* Hajj
* Scientific Knowledge of the Quran
* A Treatise on Islamic Beliefs in the Shiite Religion
* The Effectiveness of Asking for Forgiveness
* Lectures of Ayatollah Borujerdi
* Lectures on Jurisprudence of Ayatollah Khomeini
* The Fish of this World
* al-Jabr al-Ikhtiyar

## Death

Abdol Javad died on 20 August 2020 in Tehran. His funeral prayers took place in the Shahid Motahhari High School, the prayers were led by Mohammed Emami-Kashani. His body was then transferred to Mashhad, where he would be buried next to Imam Reza Shrine. Notable Iranian figures were present, including former President Ebrahim Raisi (1960–2024). Ali Khamenei also sent a message of condolences.
# Johanna Loisinger

Johanna Maria Louise Loisinger (18 April 1865 – 20 July 1951) was an Austrian actress, pianist and operatic soprano singer. She was born in Preßburg, Austria (today Bratislava), the daughter of John Loisinger and Maria Meier.
After she had completed her singing studies, Loisinger sang in Prague, Troppau (today Opava), Linz and at the court theatre in Darmstadt. She was a well-known singer of the works of Mozart.
Loisinger married Prince Alexander of Battenberg (1857–1893) on 6 February 1889 in Menton, Alpes-Maritimes, France. The prince had resigned from the Bulgarian throne in 1886 and had assumed the style of Count von Hartenau, so Loisinger became the Countess von Hartenau. The couple settled in Graz, Austria, and had two children, Assen (1890–1965) and Zvetana (1893–1935). After her husband's early death, she moved to Vienna, where she was an active patron of musical organisations. Among other posts, she was president of the Vienna Symphony.
Loisinger died on 20 July 1951 in Vienna. She was buried in St. Leonhard Cemetery in Graz where her daughter Zvetana was previously buried.
# Davoud Amirian

Davoud Amirian (Persian: داوود امیریان), is a contemporary Iranian writer. He has published more than 26 books and won several awards. He is currently working on writing memoirs, children's and adolescent literature, novels, comics, biographies of martyrs and screenwriting.

## Life

He was born in 1970 in Kerman, Kerman Province, Iran. Davoud Amirian began his writing career in 1990 by writing his memoirs about the Iran-Iraq War. Some people consider him one of the top five writers on the Iran-Iraq War and introduce him as the first generation of writers on the Iran-Iraq War subject.
# Kol Mevasser

Kol Mevasser (Yiddish: קול מבשר) was a Yiddish-language periodical that appeared from October 11, 1862 into 1872. It served as a supplement to the Hebrew weekly HaMelitz, providing scientific information in a Western style. It is considered by Sol Liptzin and others to be the most important early Yiddish-language periodical (although by no means the first: the short-lived Die Kuranten in Amsterdam predated it by centuries).

## History

Founded by Alexander Zederbaum as a supplement to his Hebrew-language weekly Ha-Melitz, during its last three years Kol Mevasser functioned independently. Unlike any earlier Yiddish publication, it circulated over a wide territory, with readers throughout Eastern Europe, but was based on the Southeastern ("Ukrainish") Yiddish dialect, indigenous to the region of its production (Odessa).
Coverage included events both in the Jewish and gentile world, and extended to science, education, history, geography, and literature. It ran biographies of famous rabbis, reviewed Yiddish writers such as Israel Aksenfeld, Solomon Ettinger, and A. B. Gotlober, and launched the careers of a generation of Yiddish writers.
It published the first Yiddish-language fiction of Mendele Mocher Sforim, a novella called Dos kleine mentshele (The Little Man), with the first installment appearing in November 1863. Yitzhok Yoel Linetzky got his start in Kol Mevasser in 1867, and it was the first to publish Yiddish poetry by Abraham Goldfaden, who, like Mendele, had already published in Hebrew.
The decade-long run and relatively professional editorial standards of Kol Mevasser helped to standardize Yiddish spelling, enrich its vocabulary, establish patterns of written usage, and generally increase the prestige of the language.
# Qareh Naz

Qareh Naz or Qarah Naz or Qarehnaz (Persian: قره ناز) may refer to:
* Qarah Naz, alternate name of Tazeh Kand-e Qarah Naz, East Azerbaijan Province
* Qareh Naz-e Olya, East Azerbaijan Province
* Qareh Naz-e Sofla, East Azerbaijan Province
* Qarah Naz, Zanjan
* Qareh Naz Rural District, in East Azerbaijan Province
# Bost Airport

Bost Airport (Pashto: د بوست هوايي ډګر; IATA: BST, ICAO: OABT) is an airport serving Lashkargah, a city in Helmand Province in Afghanistan. It is located on the east bank of the Helmand River, 5 miles (8 km) north of its junction with the Arghandab River. It is also 75 miles (121 km) west of Kandahar.

## History

The airport was established in 1957 with the assistance of the United States.
In 2008, a large project commenced to rehabilitate the current airport as well as to create an industrial and agricultural park. The overall budget of this project was US$52 million donated by USAID.
On 4 June 2009, the new runway and terminal were inaugurated by a delegation of high-ranking government officials and the ambassadors of the US and the UK. The new asphalt runway is 2,300m long and 43m wide which makes it the third longest runway in Afghanistan.

## Facilities

The airport stands at an elevation of 2,540 feet (774 m) above mean sea level. It has one runway, designated 01/19, with an asphalt surface measuring 7,549 by 100 feet (2,301 m × 30 m). The runway previously had a gravel surface measuring 6,233 by 150 feet (1,900 m × 46 m).
# Russian Bank for Foreign Trade

The Russian Bank for Foreign Trade (Russian: Русский для внешней торговли банк) was one of a group of banks in Saint Petersburg that played an important part in Russian international trade in the second half of the nineteenth century and up to the Russian Revolution in 1917. The bank was Russia's fourth-largest private-sector bank by total assets at the start of the 20th century,$^{:43}$ and was still one of the largest in Russia prior to the revolution. The bank was nationalised by a decree of 14 December 1917 leading to a legal battle in France over its deposits in that country.

## Building in St. Petersburg

Since 1888, the bank was located in its own building in St. Petersburg at 32 Bolshaya Morskaya Street, which was acquired by the bank in 1887–1888 and rebuilt according to the design of the architect Victor Schröter with the participation of N. Makarov.
In 1915–1916, at Bolshaya Morskaya Street, 18, the construction of the building of the bank was started (but not completed due to the revolution) designed by architects Fyodor Lidval and Leon Benois, but now in this building, completed in 1929-1931, the State University of Technology and Design is located.
# Sitric II of Northumbria

Sitric (Old Norse: Sigtryggr) was a Viking leader who may have co-ruled Viking Northumbria in the 10th century. No contemporary texts mention Sitric and his existence is only evidenced by coins bearing his name which were minted at York in c. 942.

## Biography

The evidence for the existence of Sitric is a handful of coins minted at York bearing the inscription SITRIC CVNVNC (King Sitric). These coins have been dated to 942 and they bear similarities to coins of Olaf Cuaran and Ragnall Guthfrithson, two kinsmen who are known to have ruled Northumbria in the 940s. Two designs of coinage are known featuring Sitric's name. The first features a small cross on both sides, and the second features a triquetra on one side and a triangular banner on the other. No mention of Sitric is made in contemporary texts. Olaf Guthfrithson ruled Northumbria from 939 until his death in 941. Downham has suggested that between Olaf's death and the arrival of Ragnall in York, perhaps in the latter part of 943, Northumbria was co-ruled by Sitric and Olaf Cuaran. In coin listings, Sitric is sometimes called "Sitric Sitricsson", and so identified as a brother of Olaf Cuarán and son of Sitric Cáech. Sitric should not be confused with a king of Dublin of the same name, mentioned in the Annals of the Four Masters in 941. According to Downham this individual "seems to be a later poetic invention rather than a historical king". Sitric has provisionally been identified with an individual of the same name who landed in Normandy in 942 and was defeated there by Louis IV of France.
# Igor Meda

Igor Olegovich Meda (Russian: Игорь Олегович Меда; born 29 April 1967) is a former Russian professional footballer.

## Club career

He made his professional debut in the Soviet Second League in 1988 for FC Lokomotiv Mineralnye Vody.

## Full name

FC Krylia Sovetov Samara's official site lists his patronymic as Igor Vladimirovich and the Professional Football League lists him as Igor Olegovich.
# Alessandro Dettori

Alessandro Dettori (born December 26, 1989) is an Italian professional football player currently playing for Lega Pro Seconda Divisione team S.S. Villacidrese Calcio on loan from Cagliari Calcio.
# Juries Act

Juries Act (with its variations) is a stock short title used for legislation in the United Kingdom relating to juries.

## List

* The Juries (Ireland) Act 1833 (3 & 4 Will. 4. c. 91)
* The Juries (Ireland) Act 1834 (4 & 5 Will. 4. c. 8)
* The Juries (Ireland) Act 1839 (2 & 3 Vict. c. 48)
* The Juries Act 1871 (34 & 35 Vict. c. 2)
* The Juries Act (Ireland) 1873 (36 & 37 Vict. c. 27)
* The Juries Act 1974
The Juries Acts 1825 to 1870 was the collective title of the following Acts:
* The Juries Act 1825 (6 Geo. 4. c. 50)
* The Juries Act 1862 (25 & 26 Vict. c. 107)
* The Juries Act 1870 (33 & 34 Vict. c. 77)
The Juries (Scotland) Acts 1745 to 1869 is the collective title of the following Acts:
* The Jurors (Scotland) Act 1745 (19 Geo. 2. c. 9)
* The Jurors (Scotland) Act 1825 (6 Geo. 4. c. 22)
* The Jurors (Scotland) Act 1826 (7 Geo. 4. c. 8)
* The Juries (Lighthouse Keepers Exemption) Act 1869 (32 & 33 Vict. c. 36)
The Juries (Ireland) Acts 1871 to 1894 is the collective title of the following Acts:
* The Juries Act (Ireland) 1871 (34 & 35 Vict. c. 65)
* The Juries (Ireland) Act 1872 (35 & 36 Vict. c. 25)
* The Jurors Qualification (Ireland) Act 1876 (39 & 40 Vict. c. 21)
* The Juries Procedure (Ireland) Act 1876 (39 & 40 Vict. c. 78)
* The Jurors (Ireland) Act 1894 (57 & 58 Vict. c. 49)
The Grand Juries (Ireland) Acts 1816 to 1895 is the collective title of the following Acts:
* The Grand Juries (Ireland) Act 1816 (56 Geo. 3. c. 87)
* The Grand Jury (Ireland) Act 1833 (3 & 4 Will. 4. c. 78)
* The Grand Jury (Ireland) Act 1836 (6 & 7 Will. 4. c. 116)
* The Grand Jury (Ireland) Act 1837 (7 Will. 4 & 1 Vict. c. 2)
* The Grand Jury (Ireland) Act 1838 (1 & 2 Vict. c. 37)
* The Grand Jury (Ireland) Act 1843 (6 & 7 Vict. c. 32)
* The County Dublin Grand Jury Act 1844 (7 & 8 Vict. c. 106)
* The Grand Jury (Dublin) Act 1845 (8 & 9 Vict. c. 81)
* The Grand Jury (Ireland) Act 1853 (16 & 17 Vict. c. 136)
* The Grand Jury (Ireland) Act 1856 (19 & 20 Vict. c. 63)
* The Grand Juries (Ireland) Act 1857 (20 & 21 Vict. c. 15)
* The Grand Juries (Ireland) Act 1872 (35 & 36 Vict. c. 42)
* The Grand Juries (Ireland) Act 1873 (36 & 37 Vict. c. 34)
* The Queen's Bench (Ireland) Grand Juries Act 1873 (36 & 37 Vict. c. 65)
* The Grand Jury (Ireland) Act 1895 (58 & 59 Vict. c. 8)
# Almog

Almog (Hebrew: אַלְמוֹג, lit. Coral) is an Israeli settlement in the West Bank, near the northwestern shores of the Dead Sea, in the Jordan Rift Valley, organized as a kibbutz. It is under the jurisdiction of the Megilot Regional Council. In 2022 its population was 236. The international community considers Israeli settlements in the West Bank illegal under international law, but the Israeli government disputes this.

## History

According to ARIJ, in 1977 Israel confiscated 524 dunams of land from the Palestinian site of Nabi Musa in order to construct Almog.
Initially established as a Nahal settlement in 1977, Almog became a kibbutz in 1979. It was named after Yehuda Kopolevitz Almog, a Third Aliyah pioneer who founded the potash mining industry which developed into the Dead Sea Works in Sodom. In the 1930s, Almog was one of the founders of the nearby kibbutz Beit HaArava.

## Economy

The kibbutz runs a guesthouse and spa. On the grounds of the kibbutz is a small museum displaying copies of the scrolls found in Qumran. The kibbutz grows a variety of experimental crops for export.
# Darreh Howz

Darreh Howz (Persian: دره حوض, also Romanized as Darreh Ḩowẕ; also known as ‘Abdolābād) is a village in Karchambu-e Jonubi Rural District, in the Central District of Buin va Miandasht County, Isfahan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 194, in 39 families.
# Bennie M. Bunn

Bennie Maurice Bunn (November 7, 1907 – July 10, 1943) was a highly decorated United States Marine Corps officer.

## Early life and "banana wars"

Bennie M. Bunn was born in Charles City, Iowa, on November 9, 1907. He graduated from Charles City High School and enlisted in the Marines in 1927. In February 1928, Private Bunn participated in the battle of El Bromadero in Nicaragua. He was then assigned to the USS Augusta while the ship was completing its shakedown cruise.
On December 26, 1932, Corporal Bunn was a member of a Nicaraguan National Guard patrol which was on board a train heading towards El Sauce. When they were attacked by a large bandit force, Bunn exited the wrong side of the train and found several bandits right in front of him. He quickly used well-aimed fire from a Thompson submachine gun to break up the attack, personally killing 10 bandits. For his actions, he was awarded the Navy Cross.
Bunn was later assigned to Shanghai, China, prior to World War II. Bunn was also a member of the Marine Corps rifle team and won shooting matches at Camp Perry, Ohio in 1938.

## World War II and death

In early 1942, Gunnery Sergeant Bunn was promoted to Warrant Officer. He joined the Marine Raiders and was soon promoted to First Lieutenant.
On July 10, 1943, Lieutenant Bunn took part in the battle of Enogai in New Georgia, Solomon Islands. He led several Marines in an assault up a bluff against a Japanese heavy machine gun emplacement. Despite being wounded several times while charging the position, he killed the operators of the machine gun with grenades and his pistol, and then used the captured machine gun to lay devastating fire on subsequent enemy positions. He later succumbed to his wounds. For his actions, First Lieutenant Bunn was awarded the Distinguished Service Cross.
Lieutenant Bunn's body was carried back down the hill and interred in a military cemetery on the island. He was later permanently buried at Fort Rosecrans National Cemetery in San Diego, California. Camp Bunn, which offered jungle warfare training during the war, was named in his honor.
# Mostafa Madani

Mostafa Madani (Persian: مصطفی مدنی) is an Iranian communist politician and one of the senior members of the Organization of Iranian People's Fedai Guerrillas.

## Political career

Madani joined Organization of Iranian People's Fedai Guerrillas in the 1970s. As of 1979, he was considered a leading figure in the group, and held position as a member of both executive and central committees. He unsuccessfully ran for an Assembly of Experts for Constitution seat from Tehran constituency, garnering 100,894 votes. He and Farrokh Negahdar wanted to convince Mohammad Beheshti of the Islamic Republican Party to form an anti-imperialist front, a request that was not accepted. He became critical of the new regime, attacking it for being undemocratic and reactionary while Negahdar maintained that it was on the right track.
After the 1980 schism in the organization, Madani was initially with the majority faction but following disagreements with the leadership, he led a short-lived offshoot that split from the majority and was merged into the minority faction in 1982. In 1985, he broke away from the faction along with Hammad Sheybani and started a new group.
# Byron Balasco

Byron Balasco is an American television producer and screenwriter. He has written and produced for the shows Without a Trace (2006–2009), FlashForward (2010), and Detroit 1-8-7 (2010–2011). In 2014, he signed on to executive produce and write for the series he created Kingdom featuring Frank Grillo.

## Career

Balasco was the writer and co-producer for several episodes on the television series Huff in 2006. From 2006 to 2009, he worked as supervising producer, co-producer, producer and writer for the series Without a Trace. In 2010, he co-executive produced the series FlashForward, Happy Town and Detroit 1-8-7.
He wrote the pilot for the 2013 series Westside produced by McG. This was Balasco's first series as a creator where he also served as executive producer. The show was never picked up.
In 2014, Balasco signed on as executive producer and writer for the DirectTV series he created titled Kingdom starring Frank Grillo and Jonathan Tucker.

## Filmography
### As producer

| Year | Title | Notes |
| 2006 | Huff | Co-producer (3 episodes) |
| 2006–2009 | Without a Trace | 62 episodes–supervising producer (24 episodes), co-producer (20 episodes), producer (18 episodes) |
| 2010 | FlashForward | Co-executive producer (12 episodes) |
| 2010 | Happy Town | Co-executive producer (6 episodes) |
| 2010–2011 | Detroit 1-8-7 | Co-executive producer (17 episodes) |
| 2013 | Westside | Executive producer |
| 2014-2017 | Kingdom | Executive producer (9 episodes) |

### As writer

| Year | Title | Notes |
| 2005–2006 | Huff | 4 episodes |
| 2006–2009 | Without a Trace | 12 episodes |
| 2010 | FlashForward | 2 episodes |
| 2010 | Happy Town | 1 episode: "Questions and Antlers" |
| 2010–2011 | Detroit 1-8-7 | 2 episodes |
| 2013 | Westside | Also creator |
| 2014–2017 | Kingdom | 3 episodes; also creator (10 episodes) |
# Mahmud ibn Ali al-Qashani

Maḥmūd ibn ʿAlī al-Qāshānī (Arabic: محمود بن على بن محمد القاشانى) a Sufi scholar and Islamic author from Kashan, Persia. He died in 735 H.E. / 1335 A.D.

## Works

* Lubab al-Qut Min Khaza'in al-Malakut, completed in 1320s.
* Sharh Ta'iyah ibn al-Farid (The commentary on Ibn Farid's poem "Ta'iyah")
* Sharh al-Khamariyah (The commentary on Ibn Farid's poem "al-Khamariyah")
* Misbah al-Hidayah wa Miftah al-Kifayah
# Noginsky (rural locality)

Noginsky (Russian: Ногинский; masculine), Noginskaya (Ногинская; feminine), or Noginskoye (Ногинское; neuter) is the name of several rural localities in Russia:
* Noginskaya, Arkhangelsk Oblast, a village in Udimsky Selsoviet of Kotlassky District of Arkhangelsk Oblast
* Noginskaya, Ivanovo Oblast, a village in Kineshemsky District of Ivanovo Oblast
* Noginskaya, Syamzhensky District, Vologda Oblast, a village in Noginsky Selsoviet of Syamzhensky District of Vologda Oblast
* Noginskaya, Verkhovazhsky District, Vologda Oblast, a village in Kolengsky Selsoviet of Verkhovazhsky District of Vologda Oblast
# Vojšanci

Vojšanci (Macedonian: Војшанци) is a village in the municipality of Negotino, North Macedonia.

## Demographics

According to the 2002 census, the village had a total of 432 inhabitants. Ethnic groups in the village include:
* Macedonians 423
* Serbs 9
# Neruch

The Neruch (Russian: Неручь) is a river in Oryol Oblast in Russia, a left tributary of the Zusha. It is 111 kilometres (69 mi) long, and has a drainage basin of 1,540 square kilometres (590 sq mi).
# William Baillie, Lord Polkemmet

William Baillie, Lord Polkemmet (1736- 14 March 1816) was a Scottish lawyer and judge.

## Life

Baillie was the eldest son of Thomas Baillie of Polkemmet WS (died 1785), and Isabel Walker (died 1777).
He was admitted advocate in 1758. He was appointed Sheriff of Linlithgow, serving from 1772 to 1793. On 14 November 1793 he was created a Senator of the College of Justice with the title Lord Polkemmet, a post he retained until retiring in 1811. His position on the Senate was filled by Robert Craigie, Lord Craigie.
His Edinburgh address was 62 George Street.
Baillie was the Grand Master of the Royal Order of Scotland of Freemasonry from 1776 to 1778.
He died 14 March 1816.

## Family

He married Margaret Culquhoun, daughter of Sir James Culquhoun of Luss in 1768. In 1803 he married again, to Janet Sinclair, sister of Sir John Sinclair, and a cousin to his first wife.
The Baillie baronets were descended from Lord Polkemmet.