OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Jonas Smalakys

Jonas Smalakys (1835–1901) was a Prussian Lithuanian landowner, soldier, and the first Prussian Lithuanian to be elected to the Reichstag.

## Early life

Smalakys was born into a wealthy landowning family in Prussia (Lithuania Minor), and in the 1850s used his inheritance to fund his travels across Europe, through the Balkans, and into Asia and Egypt. In 1859, he fought in the Second Italian War of Independence under Giuseppe Garibaldi. In 1862, he returned to Prussia and owned a manor in Gross Aglawischken. He sold the manor in 1894 and moved to Tilsit where he worked in trade.
Before selling his manor, Smalakys organized a gathering of Lithuanian and Prussian Lithuanian activists during the Saint Jonas' Festival in 1894. It included Vincas Kudirka and book smugglers. In 1895, he joined the board of the cultural Birutė Society and was its librarian. In 1898, he was one of the founders and board members of the Writing and Reading Society.

## Political career

In 1890, together with Martynas Jankus and Dovas Zaunius, Smalakys established the Lithuanian Conservative Election Society (Lithuanian: Lietuviška konservatyvų skyrimo draugystė), which was the first of several such societies. Sometimes described as the first Lithuanian political party, its goal was to elect Prussian Lithuanians to the Reichstag and the Landtag of Prussia and to defend the use of the Lithuanian language, particularly when it came to the religious education in schools. Smalakys was a candidate to the Landtag in 1893 and 1898, but was not elected.

### 1898 elections

In the Reichstag election of June 1898, Smalakys was elected in the Memel–Heydekrug (Klaipėda–Šilutė) district. In the first round, he received only 23% of the vote, but an alliance with the liberals allowed him to gather 55% in the run-off and defeat his conservative opponent Generaloberst Graf Alfred von Waldersee. Two other Prussian Lithuanians, Dovas Zaunius and Mikelis Juška, as well as pro-Lithuanian linguist Georg Sauerwein unsuccessfully ran in the election. Jonas Basanavičius visited them from the Principality of Bulgaria and helped them with the campaign.
Results of the 1898 Reichstag election :
| Candidate | Votes received | Votes received |
| Candidate | First round | Second round |
| Alfred von Waldersee (German Conservative Party) | 5,557 | 6,456 |
| Jonas Smalakys | 3,504 | 7,818 |
| Heinrich Ancker (Free-minded People's Party) | 3,226 | |
| Otto Braun (Social Democratic Party) | 3,015 | |
| Total | 15,302 | 14,274 |
In the Reichstag, Smalakys listed himself as a Lithuanian and defended the rights of Prussian Lithuanians. However, politically, he was conservative and supported the German Empire. In a March 1899 speech to the Reichstag, he offered "every coin and the last drop of blood" for the benefit of the German Imperial Army. After his death in May 1901, a by-election was held in July and another Prussian Lithuanian Friedrich Martin Mattschull [de], a member of the German Conservative Party, was elected in his place.
# Vasily Yurchenko

Vasily Alexeyevich Yurchenko (Russian: Василий Юрченко, born September 26, 1960) is a Russian politician. Governor in Novosibirsk Oblast (2010—2014).

## Biography

Vasily Yurchenko was born in Karasuk on September 26, 1960.
He graduated from the Novosibirsk State Academy of Water Transport in 1982. Candidate of technical sciences.
In January 2004, he was appointed to the post of head of the Department for the Development of Industry and Entrepreneurship of the Administration of the Novosibirsk Oblast.
In February 2005, he was appointed First Deputy Governor of the Novosibirsk Region.
On September 9, 2010, by decree of the President of the Russian Federation, Dmitry Medvedev was appointed interim governor of the Novosibirsk Oblast; on September 22 of the same year, he was approved.
On March 17, 2014, he was relieved of his post by President of the Russian Federation Vladimir Putin due to the loss of confidence.

## Family

He is married and has two children.

## Awards

2013 - Order of St. Sergius of Radonezh, II degree
# Pele van Anholt

Kingsley Pele van Anholt (born 23 April 1991) is a Dutch professional footballer who plays as a defensive midfielder or full back for Derde Divisie club TEC. Van Anholt is of Curaçaoan-Ghanaian descent.

## Club career

Van Anholt started his career with SC Heerenveen, where he played six seasons. He also formerly played on loan for FC Emmen.
Van Anholt signed with Major League Soccer club LA Galaxy on 12 July 2017. Pele played five games with LA Galaxy before tearing his MCL and ACL on 29 August 2017 in a 3–0 loss to San Jose Earthquakes. His 2018 contract option was declined by the LA Galaxy on 27 November 2017.
# Lin, Korçë

Lin (Albanian definite form: Lini, Macedonian: Лин) is a village in the former Udënisht Municipality in Korçë County, Albania. At the 2015 local government reform it became part of the municipality Pogradec.

## Geography

Lin is situated on a small peninsula on Lake Ohrid, just south of the Qafë Thanë mountain pass, which is a border-crossing point between Albania and North Macedonia. Pogradec is roughly 22 km to the south of the village, while Struga is about 10 km north, along the lake shore. Radožda is the nearest settlement on the opposite side of the border.

## History

The Lin area has been inhabited since at least Prehistory. New archeological findings indicate Lin to date back to being 8500 years old, meaning as old as at least 6000 BC. This makes Lin the oldest inhabited pile dwelling settlement in Europe. Archaeological findings from the hilltop above the present-day village include foundation walls and mosaics of an early Christian Byzantine church, dating from the 6th century. The church is a Cultural Monument of Albania and is included within the possible UNESCO site of the Natural and Cultural Heritage of the Ohrid Region (Albania).
In 1873, the village was recorded as having 65 households with 90 male Macedonian Orthodox Christians and 62 male Muslims. In 1900, Vasil Kanchov traveled throughout the region, and he would report that Lin was a mixed village split equally between 300 Macedonian Christians and 300 Albanian Muslims.

## Demographics

The Albanian Tosk dialect is spoken in the area. Lin is the only place in Albania where the Vevčani-Radožda dialect of Macedonian is spoken by Macedonians. The other three villages in which this dialect is spoken are in North Macedonia.
During the 2000s linguists Klaus Steinke and Xhelal Ylli seeking to corroborate villages cited in past literature as being Slavic speaking carried out fieldwork. Lin was noted as being a mixed village of Orthodox Christians and Muslims having 1680 inhabitants and 296 families. Local Lin villagers stated that few families still speak Macedonian, such as in instances of marriage with women from neighbouring Radožda in North Macedonia, however, Macedonian overall is not used by the third generation.

## Photos

* Panoramic View over the Ohrid Lake and Lin
# Nobel Committee

A Nobel Committee is a working body responsible for most of the work involved in selecting Nobel Prize laureates. There are six awarding committees from four institutions, one for each Nobel Prize.
Five of these committees are working bodies within three prize awarding institutions: the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences (for prizes in physics, chemistry, and economic sciences), the Karolinska Institute (for prize in physiology or medicine) and the Swedish Academy (for prize in literature). These Nobel Committees only propose laureates, while the final decision is taken in a larger assembly. This assembly is composed of the entire academies for the prizes in physics, chemistry, economic sciences and literature, as well as the 50 members of the Nobel Assembly at the Karolinska Institute for the prize in physiology or medicine.
The sixth Nobel Committee is the Norwegian Nobel Committee, responsible for the Nobel Peace Prize. This committee has a different status since it is both the working body and the deciding body for its prize.
# Yale Design High School

Yale Design High School (Korean: 예일디자인고등학교) is a private girls high school located in Gusan-dong, Eunpyeong-gu, Seoul.

## Departments
### Visual Design

Compulsory subjects
* General design
* Colour management
* Human development
* Commercial economy
* Basic computer skills

### Web Design

Compulsory subjects
* Commercial economy
* Human development
* Basic computer skills

### Fashion Design

Compulsory subjects
* General design
* Computer graphic
* Drawing
* Portfolio

### Interior Design

Compulsory subjects
* General design
* Computer graphic
* Drawing

## Principals

List of principals of Yale Design High School:
* 1st: Kim Ye-hwan (1965—2000)
* 2nd: Kim Young-woo (2000—2001)
* 3rd: Kwon Young-mun (2001—2004)
* 4th: Han Cheol-soo (2004—2007.03.02)
* 5th: Kim Ye-hwan (2007.03.02—2013.03.01)
* 6th: Jo Jae-seong (2013.03.01—present)
# J. Wray and Nephew Ltd.

J. Wray and Nephew Ltd. is a distiller, blender, and bottler of rum, originating and operating in Kingston, Jamaica.

## History

In 1825, John Wray opened "The Shakespeare Tavern" in Kingston. In 1860, Wray brought in his nephew Charles James Ward to run the business side of the company. Wray retired in 1862 and died in 1870, leaving Ward as the sole proprietor of the business.
Ward developed the tavern and liquor-dealing concern into one of Jamaica's largest exporting commercial enterprises. At the International Exhibition held in London in 1862, J. Wray and Nephew won three gold medals for its 10-, 15- and 25-year-old rums. The company's rums also won several awards and prizes at international exhibitions in Paris—1878, Amsterdam—1883, New Orleans—1885 and Jamaica 1891.
In 1916, Lindo Brothers & Co purchased Wray & Nephew. Almost immediately thereafter, the new company, J. Wray & Nephew Ltd., purchased the Appleton Estates, a plantation which had produced rum throughout the period of chattel slavery. The Appleton Estate distillery was established in 1749.
In 1997, Joy Spence was made the master blender at J. Wray and Nephew—the first woman ever to occupy this position in the industry.
In late 2012, Wray & Nephew was purchased by the Campari Group.
In 2021, the company launched Wray Forward, a program to support UK Black founders and businesses.

## Brands

Rums currently produced by J. Wray & Nephew include:
| Brand | Notes |
| Wray & Nephew White Overproof Rum | ABV 63%. Widely popular in Jamaica, often mixed by locals with Ting ("Wray & Ting"), sometimes used in rituals. |
| J. Wray Gold Jamaican Rum | |
| Sainsbury's Superior Dark Rum | Gold medal, Rum category, 2010 International Wine and Spirit Awards |
| Coruba Jamaica Rum | |
| Appleton Special Jamaica Rum | |
| Appleton Estates Jamaica Rums | Brands : Signature, Magnum Tonic Wine, 8-Year-Old Reserve, 12-Year-Old Rare Casks, 15-Year-Old Black River Casks, Master Blender's Legacy, 21-Year-Old Nassau Valley Casks, Blackwell Rum. The estate encompasses more than 4,452 ha (11,000 acres) of sugarcane, a sugarcane refinery, and the distillery. |
| Koko Kanu | |
| Old Tom Gin | |
Rare 1940s bottles of Wray and Nephew rum are valued at $54,000 a bottle.
# Taher Ahmadzadeh

Taher Ahmadzadeh Heravi (Persian: طاهر احمدزاده هروی; 22 May 1921 – 30 November 2017) was an Iranian nationalist-religious political activist who held office as the first governor of Khorasan Province after the Iranian Revolution.

## Early life and education

Ahmadzadeh was of Afghan descent. His father was a wealthy Shia from the city of Herat, Afghanistan who migrated to Iran. Ahmadzadeh studied secondary education and was considered a small landowner in his birthplace Mashhad.

## Career

Ahmadzadeh was an active opposition to Pahlavi dynasty since the early 1950s and hailed as the "symbol of heroic resistance against SAVAK", spending 10 years in prison under the regime. Considered a well-known nationalist and a prominent leader in Mashhad, he co-founded a Mossadeghist and religious organization called the 'Center for the Publication of Islamic Truths' along with Mohammad-Taqi Shariati, father of Ali Shariati. He joined National Front's 'National Resistance Movement' in Khorasan after the 1953 coup d'état and served as a member of central committee of its provincial branch, though not affiliated with any particular political party. Working closely with Mehdi Bazargan for almost four decades, he also helped him found the Freedom Movement of Iran.
After Iranian Revolution in 1979, Bazargan nominated him as the governor of Khorasan Province. Ahmadzadeh initially rejected the appointment, on the grounds that Ruhollah Khomeini has installed Abbas Vaez-Tabasi as the costudian of Astan Quds Razavi and he should maintain the former position as well. He was ousted soon after resignation of Bazargan. According to Ervand Abrahamian, he was tagged "liberal" and a "sympathizer of the Mojahedin" at the time.
In June 1981, he started to openly criticizing the clergy for "monopolizing power". Sobsequently, Ahmadzadeh was imprisoned in Evin Prison and in 1983 he was forced to confess in a televised program called "roundtable discussions". He was released four years later. Ahmadzadeh was detained again in 2000, when he was 80.

## Personal life

His sons Masoud and Majid, as well as his daughter Mastureh were among leading members of the Organization of Iranian People's Fedai Guerrillas. His youngest son, Mojtaba, was a sympathizer of the People's Mujahedin of Iran and was executed during 1988 executions of Iranian political prisoners.
# Vladimir Dzhubanov

Vladimir Vyacheslavovich Dzhubanov (Russian: Владимир Вячеславович Джубанов; born 3 December 1975) is a Russian professional football coach and a former player.

## Club career

He made his debut in the Russian Premier League in 1996 for FC Spartak Moscow.

## Honours

* Russian Premier League champion: 1996.
* Russian Cup finalist: 1996.
* Russian Second Division Zone West top scorer: 2003 (25 goals).

## European club competitions

* UEFA Cup 1996–97 with FC Spartak Moscow: 4 games.
* UEFA Intertoto Cup 1997 with FC Lokomotiv Nizhny Novgorod: 5 games.
# Ángel González (footballer, born May 1994)

Ángel González (born 16 May 1994) is an Argentine professional footballer who plays as a right winger for Peñarol, on loan from LDU Quito.

## Career

González joined Godoy Cruz in 2011. He was promoted into the club's first-team in 2014, appearing on the substitutes bench twice during the 2014 Primera División season for matches versus Estudiantes and Olimpo. In April 2015, González made his professional debut during a 2–2 draw with Vélez Sarsfield. Eleven more appearances followed in 2015. He scored his first Godoy Cruz goal on 21 February 2016 in a 4–1 home victory against Colón. On 27 June 2019, Estudiantes announced a deal had been agreed for González; pending contract terms and a medical.
On 14 July 2021, González joined Lanús on a 12-months loan deal with a purchase option. In July 2022, González was sent out on a new loan deal, this time to Ecuadorian club LDU Quito for one year, also with a purchase option.

## Career statistics

    As of 7 June 2019.
Club statistics :
| Club | Season | League | League | League | Cup | Cup | League Cup | League Cup | Continental | Continental | Other | Other | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Godoy Cruz | 2014 | Primera División | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Godoy Cruz | 2015 | Primera División | 12 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | — | — | 0 | 0 | 12 | 0 |
| Godoy Cruz | 2016 | Primera División | 11 | 1 | 0 | 0 | — | — | — | — | 1 | 0 | 12 | |
| Godoy Cruz | 2016–17 | Primera División | 26 | 1 | 3 | 1 | — | — | 5 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 34 | 5 |
| Godoy Cruz | 2017–18 | Primera División | 25 | 4 | 3 | 0 | — | — | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 27 | 4 |
| Godoy Cruz | 2018–19 | Primera División | 20 | 5 | 2 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 30 | 6 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 94 | 11 | 8 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 12 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 118 | 16 |
* ↑ Appearance(s) in the Primera División play-offs
* 1 2 3 Appearance(s) in the Copa Libertadores
# Mother Heroine (Albania)

The Mother Heroine title (Albanian: Titulli "Nënë Heroinë") was an honorary title given to mothers in the People's Socialist Republic of Albania.

## Definition

The title, with a medal, was given to mothers who had given birth, raised and educated 8 children or more in the spirit of socialist patriotism, with a love for work, with a sense of putting the general interest above their own, who were activists and had good working achievements.
This title was given to mothers when the children were alive and the youngest had reached the age of 1 year old. Children who were martyred during the National Liberation War or disappeared because of it and who did not have a bad political profile, as well as children who died in the line of duty for the national interest are counted as if they were alive.
# Naman, Iran

Naman (Persian: نامن or نمان) is a word of Kurdish and Iranian provenance that may refer to:
* Naman, Golestan (نامن - Nāman), village in the Sadan Rostaq-e Sharqi Rural District, in the Central District of Kordkuy County, Golestan Province, Iran
* Naman, Kurdistan (نامن - Namān), village in Howmeh Rural District, in the Central District of Sanandaj County, Kurdistan Province, Iran
* Naman, Razavi Khorasan (نامن - Nāman), village in Bashtin Rural District, Davarzan District, Sabzevar County, Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran
# Praeter legem

In Legal Latin, the phrase praeter legem ("outside of the law") "refers to an item that is not regulated by law and therefore is not illegal". It is thus distinct from the phrase contra legem, which refers to something that is directly against the law and therefore illegal or in conflict with statutes or other written regulation without being illegal or invalid, and it may also be compared to intra legem, "within the law" (legal).
Items that are generally called praeter legem include certain customs.
# Mister Universe (film)

Mister Universe is a 1951 American comedy film directed by Joseph Lerner and starring Jack Carson, Janis Paige and Vince Edwards. It was produced independently and distributed by Eagle-Lion Films. A number of professional wrestlers of the era appeared as themselves.

## Plot

Honest "Mister Universe" winner Tommy Tompkins is recruited by a con-man wrestling promoter and wins match after match. However he is horrified when he is told to lose a wrestling match and proves simply unable to do so due to his natural honesty.

## Cast

* Jack Carson as Jeff Clayton
* Janis Paige as Lorraine
* Vince Edwards as Tommy Tompkins
* Bert Lahr as Joe Pulaski
* Robert Alda as Fingers Maroni
* Maxie Rosenbloom as Big Ears, the trainer
* Joyce Mathews as Maroni's Moll
* Harry Landers as Henchman
* Donald Novis as Singer
* Murray Rothenberg as Reporter
* Dennis James as Self - Announcer
* Joan Rivers as Teenage girl in audience (uncredited)
Mister Universe marked the film debut of Vince Edwards.

## Production

Mister Universe was filmed in New York.

## Reception

Variety found the dialogue "weak" but the film "quite funny" with good performances. Variety noted that the film did not treat the wrestling business "with its phoney grapplers and decisions, and crooked promoters" lightly, but that it probably took it more seriously than the press and sports communities.
Picturegoer wrote "True, much of the fun springs from the mauling of stooges, but the humour is no less effective for being elementary, or rather primitive."
The cast was praised by The New York Times.

## Comic book adaption

A comic adaptation of the film was published by Eastern Color in the December 1950 issue of the anthology comic book Movie Love, only a month before the film's release.
# Verlinsky

Verlinsky (Russian: Верлинский) is a Russian surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Yury Verlinsky (1943–2009), Russian-American medical researcher
* Boris Verlinsky (1888–1950), Soviet chess player
# Martin Savage (actor)

Martin Savage is an English film, stage and television actor.
He appeared in both series of Ricky Gervais and Stephen Merchant's television series Extras as camp scriptwriter Damon Beesley and in The Thick of It television series specials as Nick Hanway. Savage's film credits include a major role as the Victorian actor in Gilbert and Sullivan operettas, George Grossmith, in the Mike Leigh film Topsy-Turvy (1999). He has also appeared in Leigh's films All or Nothing (2002), Another Year (2010), Mr. Turner (2014) and Peterloo (2018). Other major film appearances include V for Vendetta (2006), Rush (2013), and as Warden Hodges in Dad's Army (2016). He appeared in a small cameo as the performer Dan Leno in a BBC drama about music hall star Marie Lloyd and in the final Masterpiece Mystery Foyle's War. In the United States, he appeared in three episodes of Family Guy between 2006 and 2009.
His theatre credits include For King and Country (2009), A Respectable Wedding at the Young Vic (2007), Rupert Goold's Faustus (2004), an RSC production of A Midsummer Night's Dream (2002), Svejk at the Gate Theatre, London (1999), and Two (1997).
Savage is married to actress Dorothy Atkinson; the couple have one son.
# Uzlovoy

Uzlovoy (Russian: Узловой; masculine), Uzlovaya (Узловая; feminine), or Uzlovoye (Узловое; neuter) is the name of several inhabited localities in Russia.

## Rural localities

* Uzlovoy, Krasnodar Krai, a settlement in Bagovsky Rural Okrug of Mostovsky District of Krasnodar Krai
* Uzlovoy, Orenburg Oblast, a settlement in Karavanny Selsoviet of Orenburgsky District of Orenburg Oblast
* Uzlovoye, Guryevsky District, Kaliningrad Oblast, a settlement in Khrabrovsky Rural Okrug of Guryevsky District of Kaliningrad Oblast
* Uzlovoye, Krasnoznamensky District, Kaliningrad Oblast, a settlement in Vesnovsky Rural Okrug of Krasnoznamensky District of Kaliningrad Oblast
# Gordon Reid (rugby union)

Gordon Reid (born 4 March 1987) is a Scottish international Rugby union player. He plays as a loosehead prop. He now plays for Marr. He previously played for English Premiership sides London Irish and Northampton Saints, the Pro14 side Glasgow Warriors and the Super 6 side Ayrshire Bulls.

## Rugby Union career
### Amateur career

Reid played for Ayr.
In 2021 Reid joined Marr. He scored a try on his debut on 4 September 2021.

### Professional career

Reid has played over 100 times for the Glasgow Warriors.
After 7 years at Glasgow Warriors Reid departed the club when his contract expired in the summer of 2017.
On 1 June 2017 it was announced he had signed for newly promoted London Irish in the English Premiership.
For the start of the 2019–20 season it was announced that Reid would join the Super 6 side, the Ayrshire Bulls.
On 29 November 2019 it was announced that in addition to playing for the Ayrshire Bulls, Reid would once again join Glasgow Warriors in a partnership contract between the Pro14 and Super 6 side.
On 11 March 2020 it was announced that Reid had signed for Northampton Saints. Saints' scrum coach Matt Ferguson said the capture of Reid was 'top of the shopping list'. He departed the club in June 2020 having not been able to play due to the COVID-19 pandemic. In November 2021 he joined Wasps RFC on a short-term contract.

### International career

Reid was called into the Scotland squad for the first time during the 2012 end-of-year rugby union tests and made an appearance on the substitute's bench against Tonga on 24 November, however he did not make it onto the field for his international debut. Reid made his Scotland debut v USA on the 2014 tour, and was a member of the Scotland Squad at the 2015 Rugby World Cup. He scored his first try for Scotland in the Calcutta Cup game of the 2017 Six Nations Championship.

## Outside of rugby

Reid made the headlines on 24 November 2019 when after investigating a burning smell – which he initially thought may have his tumble drier – he ran into a neighbour's house and saved a man from a burning building.