OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dominique Woolf

Dominique Alexis Woolf (born 1978) is an English food writer, entrepreneur, and former musician. She runs The Woolf's Kitchen and, after winning Jamie Oliver's The Great Cookbook Challenge, published the #1 Sunday Times bestselling cookbook Dominique's Kitchen (2022). This was followed by The Asian Pantry (2024).

## Early life

Woolf was born in Saudi Arabia to an English father and a Thai mother and grew up in Qatar, where her father taught English, until age 8. She also has Chinese heritage on her maternal side and Dutch and Swiss heritage on her paternal side, and her father is a distant relative of Virginia Woolf.

## Career

After working in sales and recruitment for a decade, Woolf went into music. She fronted a group called Wolfette and featured on and contributed to a number of artists' tracks in vocals and songwriting. She played at gigs such as Glastonbury Festival. Woolf retired from music to make time for her family.
Upon deciding to pursue cooking professionally in 2019, Woolf enrolled in an online Leiths School of Food and Wine course and an Amazon Small Business programme. In June 2020, Woolf founded her business The Woolf's Kitchen, selling an array of homemade sauces, condiments, and other pantry items. As of 2021, her products were being stocked in shops such as Selfridge's and by 2022, The Woolf's Kitchen was generating £150 thousand in revenue per year. Woolf was a finalist for the Enterprise Nation's Female Start-up of the Year Award, and her brand received four 2021 Great Taste accolades.
Also in 2022, Woolfe won Jamie Oliver's Channel 4 competition The Great Cookbook Challenge, through which she published her debut cookbook Dominique's Kitchen via Penguin Michael Joseph (PMJ). Dominique's Kitchen became a #1 Sunday Times bestseller.
Woolfe reunited with PMJ to publish her second cookbook The Asian Pantry June 2024. The Woolf's Kitchen was launched on Ocado that autumn.

## Personal life

Woolf lives in Crouch End with her husband and their three children.
# Arradon

Arradon (French pronunciation:; Breton: Aradon) is a commune in the Morbihan department in the Brittany region in northwestern France.

## Population

The inhabitants of Arradon are known as Arradonnais.
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| 1793 | 1,349 | — |
| 1800 | 1,212 | −1.52% |
| 1806 | 1,151 | −0.86% |
| 1821 | 1,450 | +1.55% |
| 1831 | 1,364 | −0.61% |
| 1836 | 1,503 | +1.96% |
| 1841 | 1,404 | −1.35% |
| 1846 | 1,496 | +1.28% |
| 1851 | 1,577 | +1.06% |
| 1856 | 1,535 | −0.54% |
| 1861 | 1,554 | +0.25% |
| 1866 | 1,595 | +0.52% |
| 1872 | 1,470 | −1.35% |
| 1876 | 1,598 | +2.11% |
| 1881 | 1,729 | +1.59% |
| 1886 | 1,819 | +1.02% |
| 1891 | 1,790 | −0.32% |
| 1896 | 1,793 | +0.03% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| 1901 | 1,808 | +0.17% |
| 1906 | 1,932 | +1.34% |
| 1911 | 1,889 | −0.45% |
| 1921 | 1,801 | −0.48% |
| 1926 | 1,768 | −0.37% |
| 1931 | 1,674 | −1.09% |
| 1936 | 1,609 | −0.79% |
| 1946 | 2,053 | +2.47% |
| 1954 | 1,782 | −1.75% |
| 1962 | 1,653 | −0.93% |
| 1968 | 1,976 | +3.02% |
| 1975 | 2,760 | +4.89% |
| 1982 | 3,706 | +4.30% |
| 1990 | 4,317 | +1.93% |
| 1999 | 4,719 | +0.99% |
| 2009 | 5,301 | +1.17% |
| 2014 | 5,457 | +0.58% |
| 2020 | 5,549 | +0.28% |
Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on Phabricator and on MediaWiki.org. :
Source: EHESS and INSEE (1968-2020) :
# Gerald B. Clarke

Gerald Bryan Sheil O'Cleary Clarke GCLM ID CMG ISO (1 November 1909 – 24 August 1981) was a Rhodesian civil servant.

## Biography

He was born in Gwelo as the son of Irish-Rhodesian parents, Francis Joseph Sheil O'Cleary Clarke and Margaret Shiel. His father arrived in Rhodesia in 1896 following a part played in the Jameson Raid, and became a Justice of the Peace in a long career of public service in Rhodesia that stretched for 38 years.
Gerald Clarke attended St. George's College, Bulawayo and left school there to join the Southern Rhodesian Civil Service in Salisbury in 1927, serving initially in the Treasury, until 1940. His government service spanned a 43-year career in a range of key appointments.
His time in the army during World War II lasted from 1940–45, and involved active service in East Africa and Abyssinia with the Southern Rhodesia Armoured Car Regiment, and then with the Pretoria Regiment 6th South Africa Armoured Division in Italy for the Allied forces.
On his return home, he became Chief Clerk, Treasury, 1945–48, then Assistant Secretary, Public Services Board, 1948, and Under-Secretary in the Cabinet Office in 1950.
He became Cabinet Secretary and Secretary to the Prime Minister in 1955 until 1970 for the Southern Rhodesia Government during and after Federation (1953–63), including for Garfield Todd, Sir Edgar Whitehead and Winston Field, and to Prime Minister to Rhodesia Ian Smith (Ian Smith) during the existence of the Rhodesian Front Government from 1964 until Clarke retired in 1970.
A close confidant of all these Rhodesian Prime Ministers, Gerald Clarke attended virtually every constitutional conference and heads-of-governments meeting, including negotiations held on HMS Tiger (December 1966) and HMS Fearless (1968) as Member of the Rhodesian Delegation. He was Commissioner of Oaths, Rhodesia, was awarded the Queen Elizabeth II Coronation Medal in 1953, and the Independence Decoration in 1970.
Following government service, he retired to Inyanga with his wife, Mary Eleanor (née McGarry), married in 1946, and who was the widow of Bruno C. Catella who had died at El Alamein, 1942, and he was a Member, Umtali Club. He had one stepson, Anthony John Bruno Catella, and one daughter, Barbara Anne Francis Clarke, and one son, Duncan Godfrey Clarke.
Clarke organised and ran the sub-committee that drew up the Unilateral Declaration of Independence, which Smith and his Cabinet signed on 11 November 1965.

## Awards

* Legion of Merit (Grand Commander - Civilian) (GCLM)
* Independence Decoration (ID)
* Order of St Michael and St George (Companion) (CMG)
* Imperial Service Order (Companion) (ISO)
# Deh Mir, Bampur

Deh Mir (Persian: دهمير, also Romanized as Deh Mīr; also known as Deh-e Mīr) is a village in Bampur-e Gharbi Rural District, Central District, Bampur County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 2,593, in 519 families.
# Golden Slipper Stakes

The Golden Slipper Stakes is an Australian Turf Club Group 1 Thoroughbred horse race for two-year-old horses run over 1,200 metres on turf at set weights conditions, held at Rosehill Gardens Racecourse in Sydney, Australia. It is the premier two year old race in Australia and is the world's richest race for two-year-old Thoroughbreds. Prize money is A$5,000,000.

## History

The first Golden Slipper Stakes took place in 1957 and was won by Todman, by Star Kingdom, who also sired the next four winners of the Golden Slipper. Star Kingdom bloodlines can still be found in many of today's winners. In 1986 it became the first race in New South Wales to have A$1 million in prize money.
From 2009 to 2014 the race was held on the first Saturday in April. In 2008 it was held in mid-April - four weeks after Easter in March. Prior to 2008, the race was held on the Saturday before Good Friday in conjunction with a series of races known as the Golden Slipper Carnival.

### Distance

* 1957–1972 - 6 furlongs (~1200 metres)
* 1973 onwards - 1200 metres

### Grade

* 1957–1978 - Principal Race
* 1979 onwards - Group 1

## Records

Trainers with most wins:
* Gai Waterhouse (7)
* T. J. Smith (6)
* Freedman brothers (Lee, Michael, Richard, Anthony) (5)
* Bart Cummings, Clarry Conners (4)
Jockeys with most wins:
* Shane Dye, Ron Quinton (4)
* Mick Dittman, Kevin Langby, Athol Mulley, Tommy Berry (3)

## Winners

* 2024 - Lady Of Camelot
* 2023 - Shinzo
* 2022 - Fireburn
* 2021 - Stay Inside
* 2020 - Farnan
* 2019 - Kiamichi
* 2018 - Estijaab
* 2017 - She Will Reign
* 2016 - Capitalist
* 2015 - Vancouver
* 2014 - Mossfun
* 2013 - Overreach
* 2012 - Pierro
* 2011 - Sepoy
* 2010 - Crystal Lily
* 2009 - Phelan Ready
* 2008 - Sebring
* 2007 - Forensics
* 2006 - Miss Finland
* 2005 - Stratum
* 2004 - Dance Hero
* 2003 - Polar Success
* 2002 - Calaway Gal
* 2001 - Ha Ha
* 2000 - Belle Du Jour
* 1999 - Catbird
* 1998 - Prowl
* 1997 - Guineas
* 1996 - Merlene
* 1995 - Flying Spur
* 1994 - Danzero
* 1993 - Bint Marscay
* 1992 - Burst
* 1991 - Tierce
* 1990 - Canny Lad
* 1989 - Courtza
* 1988 - Star Watch
* 1987 - Marauding
* 1986 - Bounding Away
* 1985 - Rory's Jester
* 1984 - Inspired
* 1983 - Sir Dapper
* 1982 - Marscay
* 1981 - Full On Aces
* 1980 - Dark Eclipse
* 1979 - Century Miss
* 1978 - Manikato
* 1977 - Luskin Star
* 1976 - Vivarchi
* 1975 - Toy Show
* 1974 - Hartshill
* 1973 - Tontonan
* 1972 - John's Hope
* 1971 - Fairy Walk
* 1970 - Baguette
* 1969 - Vain
* 1968 - Royal Parma
* 1967 - Sweet Embrace
* 1966 - Storm Queen
* 1965 - Reisling
* 1964 - Eskimo Prince
* 1963† - Pago Pago
* 1962 - Birthday Card
* 1961 - Magic Night
* 1960 - Sky High
* 1959 - Fine And Dandy
* 1958 - Skyline
* 1957 - Todman
† Initially scheduled for 23 March 1963 but the meeting was abandoned due to wet track conditions. Race was held 27 March 1963
# Nottage

Nottage (Welsh: Notais) is a small village part of Porthcawl in Bridgend County Borough, Wales. It is also the name of an electoral ward to the town and county councils.

## History

The original ancient village of Nottage, built in a defensive position from the outset, was sited on a small hill near an inlet leading to the sea. The location is speculated to have been chosen to reduce the risks of attacks by Vikings. Artifacts found in and near Nottage hint the presence in the area of the Beaker culture, Celts and Romans.
In the 12th century, William Fitz Robert, 2nd Earl of Gloucester gave 'New Town in Margam' to his supporter Richard of Cardiff. Nottage lay just outside it. Already the location of a Celtic church, Norman influence grew in the area, and the Parish of Newton-Nottage was formed in around 1300. Nottage Court (also known as 'The Grange' and 'Noche Court', later 'Ty Mawr') were administered by Margam Abbey. After the Dissolution of the Monasteries, it was sold to the Lougher family in 1545 and rebuilt in around 1570, though parts of the pre-1570 structure remain, despite another extensive renovation in 1855.
The ancient church of Nottage was located beside the present Rose and Crown pub. A manorial survey of 1630 shows that there was already a church in the village which was associated with Saint David (though the present church dates only from the 1940s). Nottage became the site of some of the earliest Nonconformist activity in Wales. John Myles had preached there in 1657. After the Royal Declaration of Indulgence in 1672, Walter Cradock and Howell Thomas were authorised to preach there. Methodist and Baptist presences in Nottage were formalised in 1743 and 1789 respectively.
In 1849, A Topographical Dictionary of Wales recorded that Nottage had a population of 467. It had risen to 1,082 by 1861 as recorded in the original Imperial Gazetteer of England and Wales, which described Nottage as 'a decayed watering-place'.
Nottage was formerly served by Nottage Halt railway station on the Porthcawl branch-line, which closed in 1965.
West Park Primary School was opened in 1971.

## Facilities

Nottage has a convenience store, a hair salon named salon Amici, a primary school and a few public houses and bed and breakfast establishments. The village is the location of the Royal Porthcawl Golf Club, founded in 1891.
There are two places of worship in Nottage:
* St David's, operated by the Church in Wales.
* Nottage General Baptist & Unitarian Church, shared by Unitarians and Baptists.

## Governance

Nottage is an electoral ward to Porthcawl Town Council, electing four of the 19 town councillors.
The electoral ward has also elected a county councillor to Bridgend County Borough Council since 1999. The ward has generally elected a Liberal Democrat councillor with the exception of the 2004 council elections.
# Talha Jafar

Talha bin Jafar was a nineteenth century Argobba-Ethiopian rebel in Ifat and later governor of Wadessa, Hararghe in Ethiopia. He belonged to the Mahdi Sufi tariqa.

## Militant career

Beginning in 1879 he led a resistance movement against the Abyssinian emperors Yohannes IV and later Menelik II due to the states hostile policies towards Muslims in the region. At first Mikael of Wollo did not take Talha's revolt seriously and dismissed him as merely an individual intoxicated by the narcotic chat leaf, however Mikael was proven wrong when Talha's forces managed to defeat an army sent to quell the rebellion.
Talha was also part of the Mahdist Sudanese invasion of Ethiopia which had sacked several major towns including Gonder.

## Political career

During the reign of Lij Iyasu, he was appointed governor of Wadessa in the Harar region of Chercher.
# Appunni

Appunni is a 1984 Indian Malayalam-language romantic comedy film directed by Sathyan Anthikad and written by V. K. N. It is based on V. K. N.'s story Premavum Vivahavum and it is the only screenplay he has written. The film stars Nedumudi Venu in the title role, while Mohanlal, Menaka, Bharath Gopi, and Sukumari play other lead roles.

## Cast

* Mohanlal as Menon Maashu
* Nedumudi Venu as Appunni
* Menaka as Ammukutty
* Bharath Gopi as Ayyappan Nair, Ammukutty's father
* Sankaradi as Adhikari
* Bahadoor as Hajiyar
* Sukumari as Malu, Ammukutty's mother
* Oduvil Unnikrishnan as Kurup Mash
* Kuthiravattam Pappu as Karunakaran
* Meena as Menon's mother
* Kuttyedathi Vilasini as Kalyani Amma

## Soundtrack

The music was composed by Kannur Rajan and the lyrics were written by Bichu Thirumala.
| No. | Song | Singers | Lyrics | Length (m:ss) |
| 1 | "Kinnaaram Tharivalayude" | Vani Jairam | Bichu Thirumala | |
| 2 | "Thoomanjin Thulli" | K. J. Yesudas | Bichu Thirumala | |
# Lautaro Schinnea

Lautaro Schinnea (born 14 December 1995) is an Argentine professional footballer who plays as a forward for Napoli United.

## Career

Schinnea began with Defensores de Belgrano in 2008. He made appearances for the Belgrano outfit in league and cup from 2013, notably featuring in their promotion-winning campaign of 2014 from Primera C Metropolitana. In January 2015, Schinnea completed a move to Aldosivi of the Primera División. He remained for eighteen months but didn't make a first-team appearance. Schinnea was signed by Primera B Metropolitana's Fénix on 30 June 2016. His debut arrived on 28 November against Deportivo Español, in a season which saw him score his opening goal versus Comunicaciones in the succeeding May.
In 2018, after four goals in two seasons for Fénix, Schinnea joined fellow third tier team Acassuso. Twenty-one appearances followed without a goal, though he did only start six times in that period. In July 2019, fellow Primera B Metropolitana team JJ Urquiza signed Schinnea. In January 2020, Schinnea switched Argentina for Italy after penning terms with Promozione side Santegidiese. He scored three goals in the next few months, including a brace against US Miano, before the season's curtailment due to COVID-19. Despite renewing his contract in June, he left in December to Afragolese of Serie D. After one month - and only one appearance in Serie D - Schinnea left Afragolese again and joined Biancavilla 1990 on 9 January 2021. Later during the first months of 2021, Schinnea moved to Eccellenza side Napoli United.

## Career statistics

    As of 12 December 2020.
Appearances and goals by club, season and competition :
| Club | Season | League | League | League | Cup | Cup | League Cup | League Cup | Continental | Continental | Other | Other | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Defensores de Belgrano | 2013–14 | Primera B Metropolitana | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | — | — | — | — | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| Defensores de Belgrano | 2014 | Primera C Metropolitana | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | — | — | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| Defensores de Belgrano | Total | Total | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | — | — | — | — | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 |
| Aldosivi | 2015 | Primera División | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | — | — | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Aldosivi | 2016 | Primera División | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | — | — | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Aldosivi | Total | Total | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | — | — | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Fénix | 2016–17 | Primera B Metropolitana | 14 | 4 | 0 | 0 | — | — | — | — | 0 | 0 | 14 | 4 |
| Fénix | 2017–18 | Primera B Metropolitana | 32 | 4 | 0 | 0 | — | — | — | — | 0 | 0 | 32 | 4 |
| Fénix | Total | Total | 46 | 8 | 0 | 0 | — | — | — | — | 0 | 0 | 46 | 8 |
| Acassuso | 2018–19 | Primera B Metropolitana | 21 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | — | — | 0 | 0 | 21 | 0 |
| JJ Urquiza | 2019–20 | Primera B Metropolitana | 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | — | — | 0 | 0 | 7 | 0 |
| Afragolese | 2020–21 | Serie D | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 75 | 8 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 0 | 0 | 76 | 8 |
# Mojtaba Nassirnia

Mojtaba Nassirnia Farouji (Persian: ﻣﺠﺘﺒﯽ ﻧﺼﯿﺮﻧﯿﺎ ﻓﺎﺭﻭﺟﯽ; born 9 September 1985) is an Iranian professional futsal player. He is currently a member of Safir Gofteman in the Iranian Futsal Super League.

## Honours
### Country

* AFC Futsal Championship
** Champion (1): 2010
* Asian Indoor and Martial Arts Games
** Champion (1): 2009
* WAFF Futsal Championship
** Champion (1): 2012

### Club

* AFC Futsal Club Championship
** Runner-Up (2): 2011 (Shahid Mansouri) - 2013 (Giti Pasand)
* Iranian Futsal Super League
** Champion (2): 2010–11 (Shahid Mansouri) - 2011–12 (Shahid Mansouri)
** Runner-Up (2): 2007–08 (Shahid Mansouri) - 2009–10 (Shahid Mansouri)
# Wang Xugao

Wang Xugao (traditional Chinese: 王緒高; simplified Chinese: 王绪高; pinyin: Wáng Xùgāo; Wade-Giles: Wang Hsu-kao) (1890–1951) was a politician in the Republic of China. He was an important politician during the Provisional Government of the Republic of China and the Wang Jingwei regime (Republic of China-Nanjing). He was born in Penglai, Shandong.

## Biography

He graduated from Beiyang Police High School and after that successively held governorships of several counties in Zhili. After Kuomintang's Northern Expedition, Wang Xugao was appointed a secretary to the Hebei provincial government.
In December 1937, the Provisional Government of the Republic of China was established. Wang Xugao participated in it, and was appointed Governor of Jinhaidao (津海道). In March 1940, the Wang Jingwei regime was established and Wang stayed in his former post. In February 1943, he was appointed acting Chief to the Civil Administration Agency of the Hebei provincial government. In the following month, he also held the position of Mayor of Tianjin Special City. That October, he resigned from both positions.
After the Wang Jinwei regime collapsed, Wang Xugao was arrested by Chiang Kai-shek's National Government. In 1951, he was executed by authority of People's Republic of China.
# Buléon

Buléon (French pronunciation:; Breton: Buelion) is a commune in the Morbihan department of Brittany in northwestern France.

## Population

Inhabitants of Buléon are called in French Buléonais.
# Leonardo Patterson

Leonardo Patterson (born c. 1942) is a controversial antiquities dealer who specialises in Pre-Columbian artefacts. He was born to Jamaican parents and was raised in Cahuita, Costa Rica. Patterson started work as an apprentice jeweller, moving on to work as an antiquities middle-man as he gained exposure to a wider range of objects, and graduating to the role of international dealer and collector.
Patterson began to deal on a large scale in New York in the 1960s and 1970s when restrictions on the trade in antiquities were loose. In the 1970s, restrictions were tightened on the export of archaeological artefacts as more countries took an interest in what was happening to their cultural heritage and in 1983 the United States signed a UNESCO convention on the illegal export of cultural property. In 1980 Patterson was involved in a multi-million dollar Australian tax avoidance scheme concerning a collection of unprovenanced Mesoamerican antiquities that were donated to the National Gallery of Victoria. In 1984 Patterson was charged by the FBI with attempting to sell a fake Maya fresco to an art dealer and Patterson was sentenced to probation. In 1985 he was convicted of importing the eggs of endangered sea turtles into the United States. In 1995 he was appointed a cultural attaché to the United Nations, before questions about his past caused him to resign and he began to spend more time in Europe, particularly in Germany.
A number of legal cases have followed including the return of items to Mexico and Peru, notably a gold Moche headdress in the form of an octopus recovered with the help of Michel van Rijn.
# Golden Belt

The Golden Belt (Persian: کمربند زرین) or Shah's Coronation Belt is a 119 cm belt with a unique, 176 carat emerald on it. It also is decorated with 60 brilliant diamonds and 145 diamonds of different cut. It is kept in the National Treasury of Iran in Tehran.
This belt was created at the command of Naser al-Din Shah Qajar.
# Toyoha mine

The Toyoha mine is one of the largest lead and zinc mines in Japan. The mine is located in northern Japan in Hokkaido. The mine has reserves amounting to 13 million tonnes of ore grading 2.1% lead, 7% zinc and 51.6 million oz of silver. It is located 30 km SW of Sapporo and is very close to an active hydrothermal system.
# Matroid girth

In matroid theory, a mathematical discipline, the girth of a matroid is the size of its smallest circuit or dependent set. The cogirth of a matroid is the girth of its dual matroid. Matroid girth generalizes the notion of the shortest cycle in a graph, the edge connectivity of a graph, Hall sets in bipartite graphs, even sets in families of sets, and general position of point sets. It is hard to compute, but fixed-parameter tractable for linear matroids when parameterized both by the matroid rank and the field size of a linear representation.

## Examples

The "girth" terminology generalizes the use of girth in graph theory, meaning the length of the shortest cycle in a graph: the girth of a graphic matroid is the same as the girth of its underlying graph.
The girth of other classes of matroids also corresponds to important combinatorial problems. For instance, the girth of a co-graphic matroid (or the cogirth of a graphic matroid) equals the edge connectivity of the underlying graph, the number of edges in a minimum cut of the graph. The girth of a transversal matroid gives the cardinality of a minimum Hall set in a bipartite graph: this is a set of vertices on one side of the bipartition that does not form the set of endpoints of a matching in the graph.
Any set of points in Euclidean space gives rise to a real linear matroid by interpreting the Cartesian coordinates of the points as the vectors of a matroid representation. The girth of the resulting matroid equals one plus the dimension of the space when the underlying set of point is in general position, and is smaller otherwise. Girths of real linear matroids also arise in compressed sensing, where the same concept is referred to as the spark of a matrix.
The girth of a binary matroid gives the cardinality of a minimum even set, a subcollection of a family of sets that includes an even number of copies of each set element.

## Computational complexity

Determining the girth of a binary matroid is NP-hard.
Additionally, determining the girth of a linear matroid given by a matrix representing the matroid is W[1]-hard when parameterized by the girth or by the rank of the matroid, but fixed-parameter tractable when parameterized by a combination of the rank and the size of the underlying field.
For an arbitrary matroid, given by an independence oracle, it is impossible to find the girth using a subexponential number of matroid queries. Similarly, for a real linear matroid of rank r, with n elements, described by an oracle that gives the orientation of any r-tuple of elements, it requires $\Omega (n^{r-1})$ oracle queries to determine the girth.
Computations using a girth oracle (an oracle that reports the smallest dependent subset of a given set of elements) have also been considered.