OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 1440 imperial election

The imperial election of 1440 was an imperial election held to select the emperor of the Holy Roman Empire. It took place in Frankfurt on February 2.

## Background

Albert II of Germany, King-elect of Germany, died on October 27, 1439. The prince-electors convened to replace him were:
* Dietrich Schenk von Erbach, elector of Mainz
* James of Sierk, elector of Trier
* Dietrich II of Moers, elector of Cologne
* Louis IV, elector of the Electoral Palatinate
* Frederick II, elector of Saxony
* Frederick I, elector of Brandenburg
The throne of Bohemia was vacant. Albert was king of Bohemia and his firstborn son Ladislaus the Posthumous would not be born until February 22.

## Elected

Frederick, duke of Styria, Carinthia and Carniola and regent of Austria, was elected.

## Aftermath

Frederick III was crowned in Rome by the pope on March 19, 1452. He was the lineal ancestor of all subsequent emperors of the House of Habsburg.
# Parapercis albiventer

Parapercis albiventer, the whitebelly sandperch, is a species of ray-finned fish in the sandperch family, Pinguipedidae. It is found in the western Indian Ocean from Zanzibar and Madagascar to southern Mozambique and South Africa.

## Description

Parapercis albiventer can reach a standard length of 16.8 centimetres (6.6 in).
# Iulian Levinski

Iulian Levinski (1859–1923) was a Bessarabian politician, mayor of Chişinău between 1910–1917 and 1920–1922.

## Biography

Iulian Levinski worked as industrial inspectors. His father in law was Alexandru Cotruţă (1828–1905).
# Steve Yarbrough (writer)

Steve Yarbrough (born August 29, 1956) is an American author and academic, who teaches at Emerson College.

## Life

Born in Indianola, Mississippi, he received his B.A. and M.A. in English from the University of Mississippi and his M.F.A. in creative writing from the University of Arkansas. Writing largely within the Southern tradition, he draws his themes and characters from Southern history and mores in ways that have been compared to Flannery O'Connor, William Faulkner, and Willie Morris.
Yarbrough's major works include the novels The Realm of Last Chances (2013), Safe From The Neighbors (2010), The End of California (2006), Prisoners of War (2004), Visible Spirits (2001) and The Oxygen Man (1999), as well as short story collections such as Family Men (1990), Mississippi History (1994) and Veneer (1998). The Realm of Last Chances, his first novel set in New England, was published by Knopf 2013. It won the 2014 Mississippi Institute of Arts and Letters Award in Fiction. He is also the author of Bookmarked: Larry McMurtry's The Last Picture Show (2017), a nonfiction book describing Yarbrough's own journey to adulthood and becoming an author as it relates the titular novel's protagonist. Yarbrough's latest novel, The Unmade World, was published by Unbridled Books in 2018. It won the 2019 Massachusetts Book Award in Fiction.
His other honors include the Mississippi Authors Award, the California Book Award, and the 2000 Mississippi Institute of Arts and Letters Award in Fiction. The short story "The Rest of Her Life" appeared in The Best American Short Stories 1999. His novel, Prisoners of War, was a finalist for the 2005 PEN/Faulkner award. He has also won the 2010 Richard Wright Award for Literary Excellence. His work has been translated into Dutch, Japanese and Polish and published in the United Kingdom.
A professor of creative writing for many years at California State University, Fresno, Yarbrough is currently a professor in the Department of Writing, Literature and Publishing at Emerson College in Boston.

## Family

He is married to the Polish essayist and literary translator Ewa Hryniewicz-Yarbrough and they have two daughters, Antonina Parris-Yarbrough and Lena Yarbrough. He divides his time between Stoneham, Massachusetts, and Kraków.
# Paul Ramdohr

Paul A. Ramdohr (1 January 1890 in Überlingen – 8 March 1985 in Hohensachsen/Weinheim), was a German mineralogist, ore deposit-researcher and a pioneer of ore microscopy.

## Life

After attending school at the "Alten Gymnasium" of Darmstadt and studying at the University of Heidelberg, he earned his Doctorate in 1919 under the direction of Otto Mügge in Göttingen with a Dissertation on Basalts of the Blauen Kuppe near Eschwege. As a student in Heidelberg, Ramdohr joined the fraternity Leonensia. His Habilitation was completed soon thereafter under the direction of W. Bruhns on the topic of the Gabbros in the area of Böllstein/Brombachtal. In 1926, he took a position at the University of Aachen as Professor of Mineralogy, Petrography and Ore Geology. In 1934 he moved to the Humboldt University of Berlin, and in 1951 to the University of Heidelberg. There he occupied the Professorship of Mineralogy, which he held until 1958.
Paul Ramdohr was married and had four sons and one daughter.

## Publications

* 1926: Kristallographie, Göschen-Band together with Willy Bruhns
* 1931–1934: Lehrbuch der Erzmikroskopie Vols. 1 und 2, with Hans Schneiderhöhn
* 1936: Lehrbuch der Mineralogie together with Friedrich Klockmann
* 1924: Beobachtungen an opaken Erzen
* 1928: Über den Mineralbestand und die Strukturen der Erze des Rammelbergs
* 1948: Lehrbuch der Mineralogie 13. Edition, with Klockmann
* 1950: Die Erzmineralien und ihre Verwachsungen
* 1954: Lehrbuch der Mineralogie 14. Edition, with Klockmann
* 1955: Petrografie Göschen-Band 4. Edition
* 1955: The ore minerals and their intergrowth edited by ILMEN, 2014
* 1965: Kristallographie Göschen-Band
* 1973: The opaque minerals in stony meteorites
* 1975: Die Erzmineralien und ihre Verwachsungen 4. Auflage
* 1978: Lehrbuch der Mineralogie 16. Auflage together with Klockmann and Karl Hugo Strunz
* 1980: The ore minerals and their intergrowth 2nd Edition

### Honorary Doctorates

* 1955: Dr.-Ing. E.h. (TU Berlin)
* 1960: Dr. rer. Nat. h.c. (RWTH Aachen)
* 1968: Ph. D. Es. Sci. (Universität Nancy)
* 1969: Dr. rer. Nat. h.c. (TU Clausthal)
* 1973: Dr.-Ing. de Minas, h.c. (Madrid)

### Prizes and Honors

* 1937: Membership in the Prussian Academy of Science
* 1936–1947: President of the German Mineralogical Society
* 1951: Membership in the Heidelberg Academy of Science
* 1962: Roebling Medal of the Mineralogical Society of America
* 1965–1985: Honorary President of the SGA
* 1970: Georg-Agricola-Medal
* 1978: Penrose Gold Medal
* 1979: Leonard Medal

## Sources

* ↑ "The Meteoritical Society - Owner of the Leonard Medal". Archived from the original on 2012-02-04. Retrieved 2007-05-03.
# Giorgi Gvazava

Giorgi Gvazava (Georgian: გიორგი გვაზავა) (23 April 1869 – 20 January 1941) was a Georgian jurist, writer and politician; one of the founding members of the Georgian National Democratic Party.
Born in the village of Nokalakevi in western Georgia, then under the Russian Empire, Gvazava's became involved in politics early in the 1890s when he was among the organizers of the Freedom League (თავისუფლების ლიგა, t’avisup’lebis liga), which coordinated Georgian student groups in the universities of the empire. He also published lyrics and wrote for local press. Later, he was a founding member of the Georgian National Democratic Party, more like a group in its early days, in 1906. Centered on various newspapers, the best known of which was klde (კლდე; "Rock"), the party held its founding congress in June 1917, in the aftermath of the February Revolution in St. Petersburg. Gvazava was a member of the Georgian National Council and its presidium. After Georgia's declaration of independence (26 May 1918), Gvazava was elected to the Constituent Assembly and headed the National Democratic faction there. The 1921 Red Army invasion of Georgia forced Gvazava into exile to Paris where he died in 1941.
Gvazava authored works on the politics and international relations of Georgia. He also translated into Georgian Sophocles’s Antigone (1912), Prometheus (1935), Crébillon’s Rhadamiste et Zénobie (1929), and Racine’s Mithridate (1934). In 1938, together with Anie Marcel-Paon, Gvazava produced a French translation in prose of the medieval Georgian epic The Knight in the Panther's Skin (L'homme à la peau de léopard) by Shota Rustaveli.
# Rita Cadillac (French dancer)

Rita Cadillac (born Nicole Yasterbelsky; 18 May 1936 – 4 April 1995) was a French dancer, singer, and actress.
Cadillac was born in Paris and started her music career as an accordionist under the alias "Rita Rella" at the age of 13. In 1952, she was a pin-up model and took the name "Rita Cadillac" (clearly as an allusion to her prominent breasts) at Crazy Horse where she began to work as an exotic dancer. She was also a dancer of Folies Bergère in the 1950s.
Cadillac appeared in many French films such as Soirs de Paris (1954), Porte océane (1958), La prostitution (1962), Un clair de lune à Maubeuge (1962), and Any Number Can Win (1963), becoming a renowned figure throughout Europe. In 1981, she appeared in the miniseries and film Das Boot, as the club singer Monique, in the town of La Rochelle.
She is the inspiration for Miss Rita Chevrolet, a recurring joke in the British satirical magazine Private Eye.

## Selected filmography

* Until the Last One (1957)
* Prostitution (1963)
* Das Boot (1981)
# Huang Liang (chemist)

Huang Liang (Chinese: 黄量; 22 May 1920 – 21 November 2013) was a Chinese chemist, and an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. She was a member of the 5th, 6th and 7th National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference.

## Biography

Huang was born in Shanghai, on 22 May 1920. In 1938, she enrolled at St. John's University, Shanghai, where she majored in the Department of Chemistry. After university in 1942, Huang worked in Shanghai Biochemical Pharmaceutical Factory for a short time. In 1943, she successively taught at the Central Industrial Experimental Institute and the Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Medical University (now Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University).
In 1946, recommended by Professor Taykor, former head of the Department of Chemistry at St. John's University, Shanghai, she went to the Department of Chemistry at Cornell University in the United States to further studies and received a doctor degree in organic chemistry in 1949. She later worked in the laboratories of Bryn Mawr College (1949–1950), Cornell University (1950–1952), Wayne State University (1952–1954), and Iowa State University (1954–1956).
Huang returned to China in 1956 and in February 1957 worked in the Department of Pharmacy, Central Health Research Institute, which was reshuffled as the Institute of Materia Medica Chinese Academy of Medical Science in 1958. In 1960, she became director of Drug Synthesis Room, and served until 1983. During the ten-year Cultural Revolution, she forced to work in the fields instead of doing research in the laboratory. In the 1990s, she and academician Dai Lixin jointly led the major project of the Ninth Five Year Plan – "Chemical and Biological Research of Chiral Drugs".
On 21 November 2013, Huang died in the United States at the age of 93.

## Contributions

Huang guided research and developed Jiangya Ling, the first blood pressure lowering drug in China.

## Family

Huang was married to Liu Jinxu (刘金旭; 1917–1997), an animal nutritionist.

## Honours and awards

* 1958 Title of "National March-Eighth Red-Banner Pacesetter"
* 1980 Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)
* 1987 State Science and Technology Progress Award (Third Class) for synthesis and study of indigo red derivatives
* 1987 State Technological Invention Award (Third Class) for determination of the structure of a new anti tapeworm drug, hecao phenol.
* 1998 Science and Technology Progress Award of the Ho Leung Ho Lee Foundation
# Abraham Van Ness homestead

The Abraham Van Ness homestead in Chatham, New York is a historical home (currently privately owned) and accompanying historical markers located on SR 66 near Old Chatham, NY. The marker was erected in 1932.
It was the family home of Abraham Van Ness, which was built in 1749 by the early Dutch settlers at the foothills of the Berkshire Mountains. Abraham was the son of John Van Ness and Jane Van Alen, early settlers of the area. He had built his dwelling of stone which stands today as testimony to his skills at construction. Abraham and many of his relatives were a part of the Van Ness' Regiment of Militia, also known as the 9th Albany County Militia Regiment before Columbia County separated from that county.
Abraham Van Ness was murdered in August 1777 by a band of Tories from John Burgoyne's army, who broke into his family's home, using axes to destroy the doors.
# List of programmes broadcast by Urdu 1

Urdu 1 is a Pakistani entertainment channel which broadcasts a variety of dramas. The channel initially used to air Pakistani, Indian and Turkish drama serials. In particular, the choice of broadcasting Turkish soap operas, dubbed in Urdu, has been described as a successful "glocalisation" business model, which also has attracted criticism.

## Formerly broadcast
### Dramas

* Ahsas
* Amanat
* Andaaz-e-Sitam
* Baaghi
* Bay Aib
* Be Inteha
* Bilqees Urf Bitto
* Gustakh Ishq
* Jab We Wed
* Jackson Heights
* Mere Humdum Mere Dost
* Mujhay Jeenay Do
* Nazo
* Pathjar Ke Baad
* Shehrnaz
* Shehryar Shehzadi
* Shert
* Teri Raah Main Rul Gai
* Titli
* Tum Kon Piya

### Reality and non-scripted

* MasterChef Pakistan

### Soap opera

* Hisar E Ishq
* Meri Saheli Meri Humjoli

### Telefilms

* Ek Thi Marium

### Turkish series

* Dastak Meray Dil Pey
* Shajar e Mamnu
* Mojza Doctor
* Fatima Gul
* Feriha
* Hamari Kahani
* Ishq
* Ishq E Memnu
* Kaala Paisa Pyaar
* Khali Hath
* Karadayi
* Kosem Sultan
* Kuzey Guney
* Main Ayesha Gul
* Nijaat
* Zaalim Istanbul

### Spanish series

* Isabel – Meri Akhri Mohabbat
* Ek Dhund Si Chayi Hai

### Croatian series

* Lara Ki Kahani

### Indian series

* Saath Nibhaana Saathiya
* Yeh Rishta Kya Kehlata Hai
* Yeh Hai Mohabbatein
* Nazar
* Naamkarann
* Kichri
* Kasautii Zindagii Kay
* Krishna Chali London
* Diya Aur Baati Hum
* Susral Simar Ka
* Kullfi Kumarr Bajewala
* Uraan
* Ek Hasina Thi
* Iss Pyaar Ko Kya Naam Doon?
* Ishqbaaaz
* Madhubala – Ek Ishq Ek Junoon
* Ek Hazaaron Mein Meri Behna Hai
* Veera
* Pratigya
* Tu Sooraj Main Saanjh, Piyaji
* Meri Bhabhi
* Tere Sheher Mein
# Stonávka

The Stonávka (Polish: Stonawka) is a river in the Czech Republic, a left tributary of the Olza. It flows through the Moravian-Silesian Region. It is 33.7 km (20.9 mi) long.

## Etymology

The name is derived from the Czech word sténat ('to groan'), meaning 'murmuring river'.

## Characteristic

The Stonávka originates in the territory of Komorní Lhotka in the Moravian-Silesian Beskids at an elevation of 691 m (2,267 ft) and flows to Karviná, where it merges with the Olza River at an elevation of 220 m (720 ft). It is 33.7 km (20.9 mi) long. Its drainage basin has an area of 131.3 km$^2$ (50.7 sq mi). The average discharge at its mouth is 1.47 m3/s.
The longest tributaries of the Stonávka are:
| Tributary | Length (km) | Side |
| Chotěbuzka | 9.5 | right |
| Černý potok | 7.6 | right |
| Mušalec | 6.0 | left |
| Ráztoka | 5.5 | right |

## Course

The river flows through the municipal territories of Komorní Lhotka, Hnojník, Třanovice, Těrlicko, Albrechtice, Stonava and Karviná.

## Bodies of water

The Těrlicko Reservoir is built on the river.

## Fauna

Protected fish that live in the river include the common minnow. The middle and lower course of the river are home to the Eurasian otter and common kingfisher. The occurrence of the Eurasian beaver was also recorded.
# Kyle Egan

Kyle Egan (born 5 December 1998) is an English footballer who plays for Truro City.

## Career

Egan began his career with Exeter City and made his professional debut on 13 August 2016 in a 2–1 defeat against Hartlepool United.
Egan had previously joined Bideford on loan in March 2016, and in March 2017, he joined Dorchester Town on loan for the rest of the season.
# Tony Spear

Anthony Spear was an American space exploration project manager most notable for leading the Mars Pathfinder mission for JPL/NASA in 1996. He retired from JPL in 1998. He competed for the Google Lunar X Prize with Red Whittaker, Astrobotic, and Carnegie Mellon University, where he received a B.S. degree in electrical engineering in 1962.

## Career

After graduating from high school, Spear spent four years in the US Air Force attending radio school and working in radio repair on jet fighters. He then went on to get his B.S. from Carnegie Mellon, and then an M.S. degree from the University of Southern California.
Spear worked at JPL in Pasadena, California while taking classes toward his master's degree. He also did graduate work in the Engineering Executive Program at the UCLA and earned a master's of engineering.
Spear held many different jobs since beginning his career at JPL in 1962. He first started out in Deep Space Telecommunication System Engineering where he was involved in the design and development of NASA's Mariner program missions from 1964 to 1973. He also helped design the lander-orbiter relay communications link for the Viking program mission in 1976.
From 1975 to 1979, he began to manage the development and implementation of the microwave instruments for the NASA SEASAT mission, including the first synthetic aperture imaging radar to fly in space. For the next 11 years, Spear worked in various capacities for the Magellan probe mission.
After leading JPL's initial studies of NASA's "faster, better, cheaper" fixed-priced, low-cost, quick-reaction Discovery program missions, Tony Spear began working as the project manager for the Mars Pathfinder mission. He managed the successful landing of the Pathfinder shuttle and the Sojourner rover.
Said Daniel S. Goldin of Spear, "Tony Spear was a legendary project manager at JPL and helped make Mars Pathfinder the riveting success that it was."
Minor planet 6487 Tonyspear is named after him. He died on June 4 2024 at 87
# Sierra de Kodes

The Kodes Range (Kodesko mendilerroa in Basque and Sierra de Kodes in Spanish) is a mountain range of western Navarre, Spain, part of the Basque Mountains. Its highest point is the 1,418-metre-high Ioar, located between Santa Cruz de Campezo and Aguilar de Codés. The Codés Range is the westernmost mountain range in Navarre, located right at the limit of Álava Province.
The Santuario de Nuestra Señora de Codés is located in this mountain range, within the Torralba del Río municipal term.
Together with the neighboring Andia and Urbasa ranges further north, Kodes summits are usually covered in snow in the winter.

## Summits

* Ioar, 1,418 m
* Kodes, 1,414 m
* Grudo, 1,363 m
* Laplana, 1,337 m
* Peña Blanca, 1,249 m
* San Cristobal, 1,245 m
* Costalera, 1,234 m
* Peña Redonda, 1,207 m
* Peña Gallet, 1,158 m
* Humada, 1,155 m
* Malpica, 1,087 m
* La Corolla, 1,072 metro
# Sliver & Gold

Sliver & Gold is the eighth studio album by the Swedish rock band Backyard Babies, released on March 1, 2019 by Gain Music Entertainment. The band cite it as their most cohesive record to date.
On the Internet, many references mangle the name of the album by changing the first word to "Silver".

## Reception

The album received generally favorable reviews, with notice from Metal Temple, Metal Report, Rock Report, and Metal Hammer.

## Personnel

* Nicke Borg – vocals, guitar
* Dregen – lead guitar, vocals
* Johan Blomqvist – bass
* Peder Carlsson – drums
   This time the band joined forces under a shorter amount of time and wrote the most intense and furious album to date with accurate lyrics and trademark riffs.
   After all these years touring and making music together, we still love what we do. And still we find new ways musically. Sliver & Gold sounds like classic Backyard Babies but with a total new set of spices. And they are damn hot!
# Alcaide

Alcaide is a Spanish name, meaning 'castle commander'. It is borrowed from the Arabic term qāʾid, which literally means 'commander'.

## Etymology

From the Arabic 'commander' it becomes the Spanish form alcayde or alcaide, origin of the Portuguese form alcaide.

## Notable people

* Anselmo Pardo Alcaide (1913–1977), Spanish entomologist.
* Chris Alcaide (1922–2004), American actor
* Carmen Alcayde (born 1973), Spanish TV presenter and actress
* David Alcaide (born 1978), Spanish pool player
* Guillermo Alcaide (born 1986), Spanish tennis player
* Ana Alcaide (born 1976), Spanish musician
* Pepe Alcaide (born 1979), Spanish footballer
* Víctor Aguirre Alcaide (born 1972), Mexican politician
# Richard Vyškovský

Richard Vyškovský (13 July 1929 – 1 August 2019) was a Czech architect and creator of paper models.
In 1960s Vyškovský worked for the State institute for reconstruction of historic towns and monuments (SÚRPMO) in Prague. After a discussion with colleagues, complaining about the limited availability of die-cast Matchbox scale cars sold in the Czechoslovakia only in Tuzex shops, he decided to create similar models from paper. His first model was designed after a die-cast Packard Landaulet model manufactured by Lesney Products under code Y-11 in the series Models of Yesteryear. In October 1968 the newspaper Lidová demokracie published a short article about "ing. Blecha and his colleague" accompanied by photos of paper models Mercedes 38/220 and Packard Landaulet.
The state-owned publishing house SNDK and Vladislav Toman, editor in chief of ABC magazine, showed interest in publishing paper models by Blecha/Vyškovský. Already in 1968 SNDK published their paper diorama "Hussite siege of Karlštejn". ABC Magazine published a simplified paper model of a Packard Landaulet in March 1969. In the following seven years Blecha and Vyškovský published in ABC and SNDK/Albatros a series of further paper models, including a vast model of Prague Castle. From 1976 Vyškovský designed the models for ABC and Albatros on his own. The first published self model was Formula 1 Ferrari 312-T2 of Niki Lauda for ABC. Since 1997 his models have also been published by the company ERKOtyp, which is co-owned by his son Richard.

## Books with paper models

* Vyškovský, Richard (2004). Velká kniha vystřihovánek ABC: městská památková rezervace [The great book of paper models from ABC magazine: Urban architectural reserve] (in Czech). Prague: BB/art, Ringier ČR. 447 pages. ISBN 80-7341-353-1.
* Vyškovský, Richard (2007). Zlatá kniha vystřihovánek arch. Richarda Vyškovského: 35 vystřihovánek z časopisu ABC a novinka Hrad Točník [Golden book of papermodels by Richard Vyškovský: 35 papermodels from ABC magazine and Castle Točník] (in Czech). Prague: BB/art in cooperation with Ringier ČR. 395 pages. ISBN 978-80-7381-102-0.