OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Western Air Defense Front

The Western Air Defense Front (Russian: Западный фронт ПВО) was an air defense front of the National Air Defense Forces during World War II, formed twice. It was first formed in June 1943 and was responsible for the air defense of the western part of European Russia. It was reorganized in March 1944 along with the Eastern Air Defense Front to form the Northern and Southern Air Defense Fronts. The front was reformed in December 1944 from the Northern Air Defense Front and was responsible for air defense in the sectors of fronts.

## First formation

The front was formed by an order of 29 June 1943, which divided European Russia into the Western and Eastern Air Defense Fronts. The Western Air Defense Front was responsible for the territory west of Mezen, Totma, Soligalich, Shuya, Sasovo, Povorino, Armavir, Kislovodsk, and Sochi. Headquartered in Moscow, it was commanded by Colonel General Mikhail Gromadin for the duration of its existence. The front included the Special Moscow Air Defense Army (formed from the Moscow Air Defense Front), three corps, and eight air defense division regions, for a total of 1,012 fighter aircraft, 4,172 anti-aircraft guns, 2,280 anti-aircraft machine guns, 1,573 searchlights, and 1,834 barrage balloons.
Between September 1943 and March 1944, more than a hundred separate air defense units and 186 anti-aircraft machine gun units were transferred to it from the Eastern Air Defense Front. During this time the 9th Fighter Aviation Corps PVO served with the front. During the summer and fall campaign of 1943 and the winter campaign of 1944, the forces of the front claimed to have downed 1,200 Axis aircraft. On 29 March 1944 the Western and Eastern Fronts were ordered to be reorganized into the Northern and Southern Air Defense Fronts.

## Second formation

The front was reformed by an order of 24 December from the Northern Air Defense Front with five corps, four air defense divisions, and eight fighter aviation divisions. Headquartered at Vilnius, it was commanded by Colonel General Daniil Zhuravlyov for the duration of its existence. The front covered troops and facilities in the sectors of the fronts from Axis air raids. The forces of the front were also involved in covering front groups during the strategic operations of 1944 to 1945. During the Vistula–Oder Offensive, in the sector of the 1st Belorussian Front alone, more than 900 anti-aircraft guns were positioned, freeing up three anti-aircraft artillery divisions to cover the frontline troops. During the Battle of Berlin more than 140 searchlights from the front were used to illuminate a night attack by the 1st Belorussian Front. The front was disbanded in May 1945 at the end of the war.
# Petr Druzhinin

Petr A. Druzhinin (Russian: Петр Алекса́ндрович Дружи́нин) is a Russian–Israeli historian and author. He is a research fellow of the Tel Aviv University and Russian Language Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, has published over two dozen books.

## Early life and education

In 1996, he graduated from Stroganov Moscow State Academy of Arts and Industry with a degree in history of arts. In 2002, he graduated from the Moscow Technological University. He earned his PhD in history in 2009 from Russian State University for the Humanities.

## Awards

In 2014, Druzhinin was awarded the Efim Etkind Prize For outstanding contribution to scientific, cultural and literary relations between Russia and the West for his book Ideology and Philology volumes 1–2.
In 2016, he was received the Udo Ivask Medal and Certificate of Honour from the International Federation of Ex-Libris Societies For outstanding contribution to the study of bookplates for a series of monographs in Book's History Studies.

## Selected works

* Books of the Frederick the Great (Livres de Frédéric le Grand ou description d'une collection d'ouvrages, écrits par le roi de Prusse et parus de son vivant, faite à partir des exemplaires appartenant jadis au roi lui-même et à ses héritiers qui se trouvent aujourd'hui dans la Bibliothèque d'État de Russie). Moscow, 2004.
* Ideology and Philology. Leningrad, 1940s. Documentary Research. Vol. 1-2. Moscow, 2012, Vol. 2016.
* The First Publication of Mendeleev’s Periodic System of Elements: A New Chronology. In Historical Studies in the Natural Sciences (2020) 50 (1-2).
* Pyotr Druzhinin's and Alexander Sobolev's Rare Book Collection: A Catalogue Vol. 1–3, 2021.
* The Soviet Suppression of Academia: The Case of Konstantin Azadovsky (Bloomsbury Academic), 2022. Transl. by Sarah Vitali
* Art of the Silhouette in Russia in 18th century. Moscow, 2023
* ABC for Antique Book collectors. Moscow, 2023.
# FC Saturn Naberezhnye Chelny

FC Saturn Naberezhnye Chelny (Russian: «Сатурн» (Набережные Челны)) was a Russian football team from Naberezhnye Chelny. It played professionally in the Russian Second Division for one season in 2005, when it came in the last, 19th place in the Ural-Povolzhye Zone and was relegated back to amateur levels.
# Maria Kamiyama

Maria Kamiyama (神山 まりあ, Kamiyama Maria, born 17 February 1987 in Tokyo) is a Japanese model and beauty pageant titleholder who won Miss Universe Japan 2011 and then represented Japan at Miss Universe 2011.
Born in Tokyo, she was a sales clerk before running in the pageant.

## Miss Universe Japan 2011

Kamiyama was crowned Miss Universe Japan 2011 by outgoing national titleholder Maiko Itai on June 17, 2011, at the Tokyo Dome City Hall at Tokyo, Japan.

## Miss Universe 2011

As the official representative of her country, she competed in the 2011 Miss Universe pageant, which was broadcast live from São Paulo, Brazil on September 12, 2011, Kamiyama competed to succeed Miss Universe titleholder, Ximena Navarrete of Mexico. Even though Kamiyama was not placed amongst the top 16, she was named the 9th runner-up for the Best National Costume.

## Personal life

On January 9, 2015, she married to Kenneth Kobori, a music producer. On July 24, 2016, she gave birth to a baby boy.
# Soledad

Soledad, Spanish for "solitude", often refers to María de la Soledad (Our Lady of Solitude), a title of Mary the mother of Jesus in Roman Catholic tradition and a form of devotion.
Soledad may refer to:

## People

* Chalon people or Soledad, a Native American people and language of Salinas Valley, California
* Shalani Soledad (born 1980), Filipina politician and TV personality
* Soledad Alvear (born 1950), Chilean politician
* Soledad Bravo (born 1943), Venezuelan singer
* Soledad Brothers, three African-American inmates, including George Jackson, involved in a notable row
* Soledad Chacón (1890–1936), American politician
* Soledad Florendo (born 1903, date of death unknown), Filipino physician
* Soledad Gallego-Díaz (born 1951), Spanish journalist
* Soledad Miranda (1943–1970), Spanish actress
* Soledad O'Brien (born 1966), American broadcast journalist and executive producer
* Soledad Pastorutti (born 1980), Argentine folklore singer
* Soledad Rosas (1974–1998), Argentine anarchist
* Soledad Salvador (1957–1985), religious worker and activist in the Philippines

## Places

* Soledad, Atlántico, Colombia, a municipality
* La Soledad, Tamaulipas, a city in the 836 area code of Mexico
* Soledad, a barrio in Consolación del Sur, Cuba
* La Soledad, Panama, a corregimiento
* Soledad, San Jose, Camarines Sur, Philippines, a barangay (village)
* Soledad, California, United States, a city
* Mount Soledad, a small mountaintop located in the La Jolla area of San Diego, California

## Music

* "Soledad", a song by Amaral from Salto al color
* "Soledad", a musical piece by Astor Piazzolla
* "Soledad", a song by Carlos Gardel
* "Soledad", a song by Don Omar from the 2015 album The Last Don 2
* "Soledad", a song by Emilio José, a 1973 number-one single in Spain
* "Soledad", a song by Eric Burdon and Jimmy Witherspoon from Guilty!
* "Soledad", a song by La Oreja de Van Gogh from El viaje de Copperpot
* "Soledad", a song by Maná from Falta Amor
* "Soledad", a song by Mano Negra from Puta's Fever
* "Soledad", a song by Westlife from Coast to Coast
* "La Soledad", a song by Pink Martini from Sympathique
* "La Soledad", a Spanish-language version of the song "La solitudine" by Laura Pausini

## Film and television

* Soledad (TV series), a 1980 Mexican telenovela
* Soledad (2001 TV series), a Peruvian telenovela starring Coraima Torres and Guillermo Pérez
* Solitary Fragments (Spanish title La soledad), a 2007 Spanish film by Jaime Rosales
* La Soledad (film), a 2016 Venezuelan film by Jorge Thielen Armand

## Other uses

* Fort Soledad, Guam
* Mission Nuestra Señora de la Soledad, California, a Spanish mission colloquially known as Soledad Mission
* Soledad State Prison, Soledad, California
* Soledad (novel), a 2001 novel by Angie Cruz
* Soledad International Airport
# Edrenikovo

Edrenikovo (Macedonian: Едрениково) is a village in the municipality of Vasilevo, North Macedonia.

## Demographics

According to the 2002 census, the village had a total of 225 inhabitants. Ethnic groups in the village include:
* Macedonians 224
* Others 1
# Jahanabad-e Sofla

Jahanabad-e Sofla (Persian: جهان ابادسفلي) may refer to:
* Jahanabad-e Sofla, Golestan
* Jahanabad-e Sofla, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad
* Jahanabad-e Sofla, Sistan and Baluchestan
# Kim Chae-uk

Kim Chae-uk (Korean: 김채욱) was a North Korean politician who served as a member of the Politburo of the Workers' Party of Korea.

## Biography

On 30 August 1946, he was elected a member of the 1st Central Committee of the Workers' Party of Korea. In August 1948, he was elected to the 1st Supreme People's Assembly of North Korea in the 1948 North Korean parliamentary election.

## Bibliography:

* So, Chae-jong; Suh, Jae-jung (2013). Origins of North Korea's Juche: Colonialism, War, and Development (1st ed.). Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 978-0-7391-7658-0.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
* Suh, Dae-sook (1981). Korean Communism 1945–1980: A Reference Guide to the Political System (1st ed.). University Press of Hawaii. ISBN 0-8248-0740-5.
# Khoudary

Khoudary, Khodari (Arabic: الخضري) is an Arabic surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Hind Khoudary (born 1995/1996), Palestinian journalist
* Mohamed Khoudary (born 2002), Egyptian footballer
* Omar Al-Khodari (born 1990), Saudi football player
* Riyad Hassan El-Khoudary (born 1943), Palestinian professor
# No Dessert, Dad, till You Mow the Lawn

No Dessert Dad, till You Mow the Lawn is a 1994 American comedy film directed by Howard McCain and starring Robert Hays and Joanna Kerns.

## Synopsis

Two parents (Hays and Kerns) buy self-hypnosis tapes in order to quit smoking. The kids find the tapes and add subliminal suggestions that turn them into cool parents.

## Cast

* Robert Hays - Ken Cochran
* Joanna Kerns - Carol Cochran
* Joshua Schaefer - Justin Cochran
* Larry Linville - J.J.
* Allison Mack - Monica Cochran
* Jimmy Marsden - Tyler Cochran
* Richard Moll - Boot Camp Sergeant
* Lyman Ward - Larry Driscoll
* Corbin Allred - Moonpie
* Michael James McDonald - Evil Hypnotist
* Heather Campbell - Enemy Player
* Ted Davis - Vaneet

## Reception

In a negative review, Paul Cullum wrote, "No Dessert Dad adheres strictly to the point of view built into the title--that of kids goofing on short-sighted oblivious parents--but the meandering narrative creates the feeling of something made up as it goes along, much as a four-year-old might tell a story. This, coupled with largely infantile humor, leaves the queasy but vivid impression that this is a film written not only for kids, but quite possibly by kids. None of this will is likely dissuade the post-linear, computer-driven, cybergarten audience, but it promises to be slow going for anyone over the age of 10."
Radio Times had a negative review of the film, stating, "This rare foray by producer Roger Corman into PG territory is a surprisingly reprehensible family film. ... Though the premise may not bother children, they might share their parents' discomfort, not just at the film's cold tone, but also its attempts to find humour in cat faeces and cracks about incest. Bruce Elder of The Sydney Morning Herald praised the film, calling it "cute fantasy" and "mildly amusing". Mick Martin and Marsha Porter gave the film three stars, saying about the film's parents, "Watching their transformation from strung-out chain-smokers to vibrant, healthy parents is both funny and poignant." Stan James of The Advertiser wrote that the film was "a certain winner in a strange title competition" and "This harmless fare has its moments, some of them funny."
# Central Electoral Commission of Kyrgyzstan

The Central Electoral Commission of Kyrgyzstan, officially the Central Commission on Elections and Referenda of the Kyrgyz Republic (Kyrgyz: Кыргыз республикасынын шайлоо жана референдум өткөрүү боюнча борбордук комиссиясы, romanized: Kırgız respublikasının şayloo jana referendum ötkörüü boyunça borborduk komissiyası), is the body in Kyrgyzstan responsible for the running of elections. In the run up to the 2007 Kyrgyz Parliamentary elections the Commission was accused of suppressing the political opponents of President Kurmanbek Bakiyev.
# Hanoi Architectural University

Hanoi Architectural University (also known as Hanoi University of Architecture; Vietnamese: Đại học Kiến trúc Hà Nội) is the flagship university in architecture, planning, and civil engineering education and research in Vietnam. It was established in 1969 under the administration of Vietnam Ministry of Architecture (now the Vietnam Ministry of Construction). The school's predecessor was the Architecture Faculty of Hanoi University of Construction. Hanoi Architectural University is considered one of the best and largest universities in architecture, urban planning, and civil engineering in Vietnam. The school offers five-year bachelor's degrees (B.Eng. and B.Arch.), two-year master's degrees, and PhD degrees.

## Organizations
### Schools

* School of Architecture
* School of Urban and Regional Planning
* School of Structural and Construction Engineering
* School of Urban Infrastructure and Environmental Engineering
* School of Urban Construction Management
* School of Industrial Fine Arts

### Departments

* Department of Marxist - Leninist Philosophy
* Department of Postgraduate
* Department of In-service Training

### Research Institutes

* Institute of Tropical Architecture
* Center for Urban Infrastructure Technology
* Center for Urban Research and Education
* Center for Construction and Project Management
* Center for Hydraulic Research
* Center for Environmental Studies

### Other Centers

* Office of Consultancy and Construction Technology
* Construction and Urban Development, Inc.
* Library Information Center
* Service Centers

## Alumni

* Nguyễn Lân Thắng – blogger and human rights activist.
# Yengabad (disambiguation)

Yengabad is a city in Isfahan Province, Iran.
Yengabad (Persian: ينگ اباد) may also refer to:
* Yengabad-e Chay, East Azerbaijan Province
* Yengabad-e Kuh, East Azerbaijan Province
* Yengabad, Hamadan
* Yengabad, Zanjan
# Al-Bishi

Al-Bishi (Arabic: البيشي) is an Arabic family name.

## People

* Abdulrahman Al-Bishi, Saudi footballer
* Fahad Al-Bishi, Saudi footballer
* Hamdan Al-Bishi, Saudi athlete
* Hamed Al-Bishi, Saudi athlete
* Mohamed Al-Bishi, Saudi footballer
* Sultan Al-Bishi, Saudi footballer
# Al Ajnab

Hillat al-Ajnab (Arabic: حلة الأجناب, lit. 'the foreigners' quarter') was a quarter and a douar within the city walls in the erstwhile fortress-city of Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, located in the northeastern corner of the walled town. It was situated east of Masmak Fortress, at the entrance of Bab al-Thumairi. The ruins of the settlement today include most of Souq al-Suweigah in the ad-Dirah neighborhood and its name was derived from al-ājānib (Arabic: الأَجانِب), the Arabic word for outsiders as most of its residents where foreigners who were given accommodation as guests or advisors of King Abdulaziz ibn Saud, such as John Philby and Muhammad Asad.
The settlement shared close proximity with the Duhairah settlement from the east and al-Gadimah settlement from the south and following the dismantling of the city walls and subsequent expansion and modernization of Riyadh in the 1970s, the settlement evolved into Souq al-Suweigah and assumed most of its current form during the Qasr Al-Hukm District Development Project between 1983 and 1992.
The settlement once hosted a garage that belonged to the future monarch of Saudi Arabia, Saud bin Abdulaziz and also hosted the residence of Princess Noura bint Abdul Rahman al-Saud, elder sister and adviser of King Abdulaziz ibn Saud and the eldest daughter of Abdul Rahman bin Faisal al-Saud, the last emir of the Second Saudi State.
# August 1400 imperial election

The imperial election of 21 August 1400 was an imperial election held to select the emperor of the Holy Roman Empire. It took place in Rhens.

## Background

Wenceslaus IV, king of Bohemia, had been elected Holy Roman Emperor in the Imperial election of 1376.
On 20 September 1378 the cardinals elected Antipope Clement VII pope in opposition to Pope Urban VI, whom they had come to distrust. The existence of two popes in opposition to one another, called the Western Schism, led to escalating international crises as the kings of Europe were forced to choose sides. On 29 November Wenceslaus's father Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor died, and Wenceslaus acceded to the throne. Civil unrest in Bohemia prevented Wenceslaus from effectively administering the empire; he declined even to have a coronation ceremony as Holy Roman Emperor.
Because of Wenceslaus's weak rule and his failure to stamp out civil unrest or resolve the Western Schism, three of the prince-electors of the empire convened to remove him at the Imperial election of 22 May 1400. However, the remaining electors, including Wenceslaus himself, did not accept the results of the election, and their candidate, Frederick I, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg, was murdered on 5 June.
Now four electors convened to depose Wenceslaus. They were:
* Johann II von Nassau, elector of Mainz
* Werner of Falkenstein, elector of Trier
* Frederick III of Saarwerden, elector of Cologne
* Rupert, King of Germany, elector of the Electoral Palatinate (who had also participated in the May election).
They declared Wenceslaus deposed on 20 August.

## Elected

Rupert was elected on August 21.

## Aftermath

As Wenceslaus and the electors of Saxony and Brandenburg were absent, Wenceslaus did not recognize the validity of his deposition or Rupert's election. Neither did the Free Imperial City of Aachen allow him entrance. He was therefore crowned Holy Roman Emperor at Cologne on January 6, 1401 by Frederick III. Wenceslaus was arrested in March 1402 by his brother Sigismund, who would later become Holy Roman Emperor himself, ending the resistance of his partisans.
# Chyolomdzha

The Chyolomdzha (Russian: Чёломджа; Even: Чаламдя) is a river in Magadan Oblast, Russia. It has a length of 228 kilometres (142 mi) and a drainage basin of 12,000 square kilometres (4,600 sq mi).
The Chyolomdzha is the longest tributary of the Taui (Kava) and flows across an uninhabited area, part of the Magadan Nature Reserve. The name of the river originated in the Even language.

## Course

The source of the Chyolomdzha is in the Upper Kolyma Highlands. The river heads in a roughly southern direction, flowing fast across mountainous terrain, then it turns to the southeast descending into a floodplain where it slows down and splits into multiple sleeves, while the channels form meanders. Finally the Chyolomdzha joins the left bank of the Taui in the wide Kava-Taui Plain, 66 kilometres (41 mi) from its mouth in the Sea of Okhotsk.
The river freezes yearly between early October and late May. Its main tributary is the 124 km (77 mi) long Burgagylkan (Бургагылкан), joining its left bank in the lower course.

## Fauna

Different species of salmonids live in the waters of the Chyolomdzha, including chum salmon, malma, coho salmon and kundzha, as well as grayling.
The banks of the river provide a habitat for the Blakiston's fish owl, an endangered species.
# Aknysta (river)

The Aknysta is a river in Anykščiai district municipality, Utena County, in northeastern Lithuania. It originates from Aknystėlis Lake, flows through the Lipšys Lake, and as a left-bank tributary discharges into the Šventoji. It flows for 18.2 kilometres and has a basin area of 94.2 km². The villages Aknystos and Aknysčiai are situated along the river.
The hydronym Aknysta possibly derives from Lithuanian: akis 'eye, waterhole, ice-hole'.
# Shalimov

Shalimov (Russian: Шалимов) is a Russian masculine surname, its feminine counterpart is Shalimova. It may refer to
* Igor Shalimov (born 1969), Russian football manager and a former midfielder
* Viktor Shalimov (born 1951), Russian ice hockey player
* Vladimir Shalimov (1908–1942), Russian pilot
# USS Baltimore (SSN-812)

USS Baltimore (SSN-812) will be a nuclear-powered Virginia-class submarine of the United States Navy, the eleventh Block V attack submarines and 39th overall of her class.
The submarine will be the eighth U.S. Navy vessel named for Baltimore, Maryland. She was named after the city due to the recent Francis Scott Key Bridge collapse, and her hull number 812 is a historical reference to the War of 1812. The Bombardment of Baltimore by the Royal Navy in this conflict inspired Key to compose the "Star Spangled Banner," the national anthem of the United States.
Baltimore and sister ship SSN-813 were ordered during the 2024 Fiscal Year budget at a combined cost of $9.4 billion.

## Design

Compared to Blocks I-IV of Virginia-class submarines, Block V vessels will incorporate previously introduced modifications to the base design in addition to a Virginia Payload Module (VPM). The VPM inserts a segment into the boat's hull which adds four vertical launch tubes. Each tube allows for the carrying of seven Tomahawk strike missiles, increasing her armament to a total of 40 missiles.
# Naomi Blumenthal

Naomi Blumenthal (Hebrew: נעמי בלומנטל, born 22 November 1943) is a former Israeli politician. First elected to the Knesset in 1992, her political career was ended by a conviction for corruption in 2006.

## Biography

Born in Bitzaron during the Mandate era, Blumenthal served in a Nahal brigade during her national service. She gained a BA in Political Science and Criminology from Bar-Ilan University and also graduated from the Beit Zvi School of Art in Ramat Gan.
Blumenthal was one of the founders of the Beersheba theatre and chaired the Al-Sam anti-drug abuse association. She is also a former chairwoman of the Political Centre - Israel Women's Network, and was a member of the Israeli delegation to the United Nations Conference on the Status of Women in 1989, 1990, 1991 and 1995.
In 1992 she was elected to the Knesset on Likud's list. After retaining her seat in 1996 and 1999, she was appointed Deputy Minister of National Infrastructure by Ariel Sharon in 2001. She served as chairwoman of the Worldwide Likud Movement between 2001 and 2002, and stepped down from the cabinet in January 2003.
Although re-elected in 2003, it later emerged that she had bribed 15 Likud activists and central committee members during the party primaries in December 2003 by hosting them in a hotel in Ramat Gan. The episode became known as the "Sheraton City Tower Affair".
Criticised by the judge for using her right to silence, she was sentenced to eight months in prison, a ten-month suspended sentence and was fined NIS 75,000. She appealed against the verdict, but lost. However, in July 2007 President Shimon Peres commuted her sentence to community service, though she was not pardoned. The Movement for Quality Government appealed Peres' decision, but their petition was rejected by the Knesset.
# Tüp Botanical Reserve

The Tüp Botanical Reserve (Kyrgyz: Түп ботаникалык заказниги) is located in Tüp District, Issyk-Kul Region, Kyrgyzstan. It was established in 1975 with a purpose of conservation of Savin Juniper (Juniperus sabina). The botanical reserve occupies 100 hectares. Among other flora species inhabiting the reserve are willow, barberry, Caragana, etc.