OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Portrait of Frédéric Chopin and George Sand

The Portrait of Frédéric Chopin and George Sand was an 1838 unfinished oil-on-canvas painting by French artist Eugène Delacroix. He made a number of preparatory sketches before 1838, a more detailed one of Chopin alone and another, more coarse one of the two. Later he painted it originally as a double portrait, which was later cut in two and sold off as separate pieces. It showed the Polish composer Frédéric Chopin (1810–49) playing the piano while the writer George Sand (1804–76) sits to his right, listening and sewing (a favourite activity of hers). The sitters were lovers at the time, and both were close friends of the artist.
The portrait remained in Delacroix's studio until his death. Shortly after, it was cut into two separate works, both of which are tightly focused. Chopin's portrait comprises only a headshot, while Sand's shows her upper body but is narrowly cut. This led to the loss of large areas of the original canvas. The divide is likely due to the then-owner's belief that two paintings would sell for a higher price than one. Today Chopin's portrait is housed at the Louvre in Paris, while Sand's hangs at Copenhagen's Ordrupgaard Museum.
George Sand was a French Romantic novelist, one of the first female French writers to establish an international reputation. She became known for behaviour unusual for a woman at the time, including openly conducting affairs, smoking a pipe and wearing men's clothing. Sand had been a friend of Delacroix for a number of years, though the painter did not hold her work in high regard. She met Chopin in 1836, and from 1838, she had a relationship with him for ten years, until two years before he died. Much of the composer's best work was done during those ten years. Though their relationship began as physical, Chopin's failing health (described in Sand's autobiographical "Winter in Mallorca") in time changed her role to that of caregiver.
Sand introduced Delacroix to Chopin in 1838, and the two men remained close friends until the composer's death. The double portrait showed Chopin playing the piano while Sand sat and listened. Little is known of the painting's origin or the circumstances of its execution. It is unknown whether it was a commission or intended as a gift to the composer. It is known that Delacroix borrowed a piano so that the work could be painted in his studio. The double portrait was not finished, and one of the elements that was not painted was the piano. The Sand canvas is generally seen as the more interesting because its original form was intended as a counterpoint to the Chopin portrait, not as a stand-alone work. As such, it contravenes many conventions of portraiture. It was usual in 19th-century bust-sized paintings for the subject to be largely static, but here Sand is shown reacting to the music Chopin is playing, and highly animated and energetic in her emotional response.
* George Sand, by Delacroix. 79cm x 57cm. Ordrupgaard, Copenhagen
* Frédéric Chopin, by Delacroix. 46cm x 38cm. Louvre, Paris
# Khalil Rashid-Mohammadzadeh

Khalil Rashid-Mohammadzadeh (Persian: خلیل رشید محمدزاده, born 31 May 1953) is an Iranian wrestler. He competed in the men's Greco-Roman 48 kg at the 1976 Summer Olympics.
# Tasuj Rural District

Tasuj Rural District (Persian: دهستان طسوج) may refer to:
* Tasuj Rural District (Dashti County)
* Tasuj Rural District (Fars Province)
# Sinmindang

Sinmindang (Korean: 신민당, lit. 'new democratic party') may refer to:
* New Democratic Party (South Korea) (1967–1980)
* New Korea Democratic Party (1985–1988), informally known as Sinmindang
* New United Democratic Party (1991), informally known as Sinmindang
# Jules Lemaire

Jules Lemaire (February 17, 1814, in Ferrières (Seine-et-Marne) – March 8, 1873, in Les Lilas [Seine-Saint-Denis]), was a French medical doctor and pharmacist. He was the first to discover the antiseptic properties of carbolic acid (phenol).

## Biography

Lemaire, pharmacist and chemist, had been instructed by Dr. Ferdinand Le Beuf, pharmacist in Bayonne, to experiment with a preparation of coal tar, emulsified using an alcoholic tincture of saponin. Lemaire recognized antiseptic properties in this preparation, due to the carbolic acid (phenol) from coal tar, and published the results of this research in 1860 in a book entitled Du coaltar saponiné, désinfectant énergique (Saponinated coal tar, an energetic disinfectant).
Lemaire then experimented with the effects of phenol alongside those of coal tar, and presented the results of all his work in a new book published in 1863: De l'acide phénique, de son action sur les végétaux, les animaux, les ferments, les venins, les virus, les miasmes et de ses applications à l'industrie, à l'hygiène, aux sciences anatomiques et à la thérapeutique. He gave his preference here to phenol, more energetic and easier to handle than coal tar, and recommended phenol in aqueous solution at 5%. The work was out of print in a few months and had to be republished in 1865.
A long controversy, which began in 1865, pitted him against Doctor Gilbert Déclat (1827–1896) on the primacy of this finding. The scientific publications of Lemaire on this subject were well before those of Déclat; the primacy of discovery therefore belonged to Lemaire.

## Scope of the discovery

The antiseptic properties of phenol discovered by Jules Lemaire were put to good use by the British surgeon Joseph Lister (1827–1912), pioneer of the antiseptic method in operative surgery, who had the idea of putting all his surgical tools and gowns in carbolic acid, as well as the wounds of the operated, thus reducing the postoperative mortality rate from 40% to 15%. He published his results in six articles in The Lancet in 1867. On September 21, 1867, in the Edinburgh Daily Review, James Young Simpson (using a pseudonym) expressed the idea that Lister's last article was misleading, as it "attribute[d] the first surgical employment of carbolic acid to Professor Lister". Simpson then mentioned Lemaire's work.

## Awards and honours

* Member of the Société des Sciences médicales (Society of Medical Sciences).
* Member of the Société médico-chirurgicale (Medico-Surgical Society).
* Member of the Société d’Émulation pour la science pharmaceutique de Paris (Emulation Society for Pharmaceutical Science in Paris).
* Knight of the Order of Isabella the Catholic.
# Moeydeleh

Moeydeleh or Moedeleh (Persian: معيدله) may refer to:
* Moeydeleh-ye Olya
* Moeydeleh-ye Sofla
# Rustam Balov

Rustam Vladimirovich Balov (Russian: Рустам Владимирович Балов; born 3 February 1986) is a former Russian professional footballer.

## Club career

He made his professional debut in the Russian First Division in 2003 for PFC Spartak Nalchik.
# Saint-Just-Ibarre

Saint-Just-Ibarre (French pronunciation:; Basque: Donaixti-Ibarre) is a commune in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department in south-western France.
It is located in the former province of Lower Navarre.
# Lillie (name)

Lillie is both a surname and a given name. Notable people with the name include:

## Surname

* Arthur Lillie (1831–1911), British soldier, Buddhist and author
* Axel Lillie (1603–1662), Swedish soldier and politician
* Beatrice Lillie (1894–1989), Canadian-born comic actress
* Denis G. Lillie (1884–1963), British biologist and Antarctic explorer
* Dennis Lillie (born 1945), Australian cricketer
* Ella Fillmore Lillie (1884–1972), American artist
* Frank Rattray Lillie (1870–1947), American zoologist
* Harold Lilie, American bridge player
* Jacqueline Lillie (born 1941). French artist and jeweller working in glass
* Jim Lillie (1861–1890), American baseball player
* John Lillie (minister) (1806–1866), Presbyterian minister in Australia
* John Lillie (politician) (1847–1921), American representative from Washington State
* John Scott Lillie (1790–1868), British Army officer
* Joseph Christian Lillie (1760–1827), Danish architect
* May Lillie (1869–1936), American Wild West entertainer
* Mildred Lillie (1915–2002), American judge

## Given name

* Lillie Berg (1845–1896), American musician, musical educator
* Lillie P. Bliss (1864–1931), American art collector and historian
* Lillie Burke (died 1949), American educator
* Lillie Hayward (1891–1977), American actress
* Lillie Langtry, 18th-19th century British actress
* Lillie Leatherwood (born 1964), American sprinter
* Lillie McCloud (born 1958), American singer
* Lillie May Nicholson (1884–1964), American painter
* Lillie Sullivan (1855–1903), American scientific illustrator
* Lillie, a nickname of suspected terrorist Mohammed Nazir Bin Lep

## Fictional characters

* Lillie, a character from the video game Pokémon Sun and Moon
* Lillie: A Lightship from the children's television series TUGS.
# Audit Scotland

Audit Scotland (Scottish Gaelic: Buidheann-sgrùdaidh na h-Alba) is an independent public body responsible for auditing most of Scotland's public organisations. These include the Scottish Government, local councils and NHS Scotland.

## Auditing role

It audits over 220 organisations, including:
* 77 central government bodies (Scottish Government, NDPB's, Police Scotland, Scottish Fire and Rescue Service, Scottish Water and others)
* 23 NHS bodies
* 32 local councils
* 20 further education colleges

## History

Audit Scotland was established in 2000. It employees a staff of around 250 people.
Its corporate HQ is on West Port, in Edinburgh's Old Town. The role of Audit Scotland is to provide the Auditor General for Scotland and the Accounts Commission for Scotland with the services they need to carry out their duties. The core work is to carry out:
* financial audits to help ensure that public sector bodies adhere to the highest standards of financial management and governance
* performance audits to help ensure that these bodies achieve the best possible value for money.
Stephen Boyle is the Auditor General for Scotland and the accountable officer for Audit Scotland. He started his term of office in July 2020.
The work of Audit Scotland is governed by a board which meets around four times a year: the audits are managed by a management team. The Public Audit and Post-legislative Scrutiny Committee of the Scottish Parliament examines Audit Scotland's proposals for the use of resources and expenditure, then reports to the Scottish Parliament.
# Yu-Chien Tseng

Yu-Chien (Benny) Tseng (Chinese: 曾宇謙; pinyin: Zēng Yǔqiān; Wade–Giles: Tsêng Yü-ch'ien; born August 24, 1994) is a Taiwanese violinist. In 2012 he was fifth laureate in the Queen Elisabeth Music Competition, where he also won both the Musiq'3 and the Klara-Canvas prizes awarded by the public. In the 15th International Tchaikovsky Competition held in 2015, Tseng won the 2nd prize in the violin contest, in which no first prize was awarded. Tseng has recorded for Fuga Libera and the Chimei Museum.

## Life and career

Yu-Chien Tseng was born in Taipei County (now New Taipei City). In pre-school, Tseng's parents worried that he was tone deaf. His father enrolled him in percussion classes after hearing tests showed Tseng's hearing to be normal. He started to study the violin at the age of 5. By the age of 6, he had already performed with the Taipei Symphony Orchestra. In his native Taiwan, he studied with Po-Shan Lin, Ying-Liang Shen, I-Ching Li and C. Nanette Chen. Since 2008 he has studied at the Curtis Institute of Music, under professors Ida Kavafian and Aaron Rosand. In 2009 he won the 10th Pablo Sarasate International Competition in Pamplona (Spain). In 2011 he won the Isang Yun Competition in Tongyeong (South Korea) and also was awarded a special prize at the XIV International Tchaikovsky Competition (as best of those in Round II who did not make the finals). In 2012 he took fifth place in the Queen Elisabeth Competition in Brussels. He has performed with the Philadelphia Orchestra, the National Orchestra of Belgium, and the symphony orchestras of Singapore, Taipei, and Navarra among others. He has given solo concerts in cities in the US, Europe and Asia.
In 2017, Tseng was featured in the opening ceremony of the 2017 Summer Universiade in Taipei, Taiwan with a solo violin performance.

## Awards

* 2006: Third Prize in Yehudi Menuhin International Competition for Young Violinists Junior division
* 2009: First Prize and Prize to Best Interpreter of Works by Sarasate in 10th Pablo Sarasate International Competition in Pamplona (Spain)
* 2010: Associazione Amici di Paganini Prize and Prize in memory of Dr. Enrico Costa in the 53rd Paganini Competition
* 2011: Jury Discretionary Award in The XIV International Tchaikovsky Competition
* 2011: First Prize and Isang Yun Special Prize in Isang Yun Competition in Tongyeong (South Korea)
* 2012: Fifth Prize in Queen Elisabeth Competition
* 2015: First Prize in Singapore International Violin Competition
* 2015: Second Prize in the XV International Tchaikovsky Competition (no first prize awarded)

## Recordings

His debut disc featuring music by French composers was released by Fuga Libera.
* Franck, Ravel, Debussy - French Violin Sonatas with Inga Dzektser, piano (Fuga Libera: FUG597)
* Sarasate Violin Pieces (Chimei Museum: S000887011011088)
* Reverie: Chopin, Ernst, Mozart, Tartini, Tchaikovsky, Wieniawski with Rohan De Silva, piano (Universal Music Taiwan / Deutsche Grammophon: UCCG-1774)
# Taneyev

Taneyev or Taneev (Russian: Танеев) is a Russian masculine surname, its feminine counterpart is Taneyeva or Taneeva. It may refer to
* Aleksandr Taneyev (1850–1918), Russian nationalist composer
* Anna Vyrubova (née Taneyeva, 1884–1964), best friend and confidante of Russian Tsaritsa Alexandra Fyodorovna
* Sergei Taneyev (1856–1915), Russian composer, distant cousin of Aleksandr
# Grinna Lighthouse

Grinna Lighthouse (Norwegian: Grinna fyr) is a coastal lighthouse in Nærøysund Municipality in Trøndelag, Norway. It was established in 1904 and automated in 1987. Grinna lighthouse stands on the islet of Grinna in the South Gjæslingan island group on the north side of the Foldafjord. The 19-metre (62 ft) high red tower emits a light every six seconds. The white occulting light flashes every six seconds, and it can be seen for about 12.5 nautical miles (23.2 km; 14.4 mi).
# PJSC VimpelCom

PJSC VimpelCom (Russian: ПАО «ВымпелКом» or full name Russian: ПАО «Вымпел-Коммуникации», PAO «Vympel-Kommunikatsii») is a Russian telecommunications company started in 1992 when its co-founders, Dr. Dmitry Zimin and Augie K. Fabela II came together to pioneer the Russian mobile industry. Augie Fabela, who was then a young entrepreneur from the US, and Dr. Zimin who was a Russian scientist in his 50s, together launched the Beeline brand.
PJSC VimpelCom is the third-largest wireless and second-largest telecom operator in Russia. VimpelCom's main competitors in Russia are Mobile TeleSystems and MegaFon.
PJSC VimpelCom's headquarters is located in Moscow. In 1996-2010, traded as NYSE: VIP. It was wholly owned by VEON, although in the process of being sold after VEON announced the sale of their Russian operations in November 2022. In 2022, the company's revenue amounted to 280 billion rubles. VEON completed the sale of PJSC Vimplecom in October 2023, with Aleksander Torbakhov serving as PJSC Vimplecom CEO.

## History

The company was founded in 1992 in Moscow, Russia and initially operated AMPS/D-AMPS network in Moscow and Moscow Oblast.
The brand "Beeline" was created in 1993.
PJSC VimpelCom also acquired companies such as Russia-On-Line in 1999, Cityline and EDN Sovintel in 2001, and Corbina Telecom in 2006. It had also acquired Global TeleSystems (GTS), SovAm Teleport, GlasNet, SLTMobitel, E-Mobile, and Orascom Telecom Holding S.A.E..
In 1996 OJSC VimpelCom became the first Russian company listed on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE: VIP).
In 1997 the company began GSM network roll-out and in 2001 it started GSM networks throughout Russia's regions.
On February 29, 2008 OJSC VimpelCom completed a merger with Golden Telecom. In October 2008 OJSC VimpelCom acquired a 49.9% stake in Euroset, the largest mobile retailer in Russia and the CIS.
In 2010 the ticker “VIP” was transferred to VimpelCom Ltd. holding. In February 2017, VimpelCom renamed itself VEON, after the messaging platform that it had developed.
On April 14, 2005, the company decreased its net income in 2002 and 2003 as a result of this restatement: 2002 - $2.8 million or 2.2%, 2003 - $5.2 million or 2.2%.
On November 24, 2022, VEON announced that it had entered into an agreement to sell its Russian subsidiary PJSC VimpelCom to the subsidiary's local management team. PJSC VimpelCom was valued at approximately $6.1 billion under the agreement.

## Owners and management

CEO - Torbakhov Alexander Yurievich.
President - Pankov Alexander Alexandrovich.
# Azerbaijan–Turkmenistan relations

Azerbaijan–Turkmenistan relations refers to the bilateral foreign relations between Azerbaijan and Turkmenistan. Azerbaijan has an embassy in Ashgabat. Turkmenistan has an embassy in Baku. Both countries were previously subordinated republics of the Soviet Union as Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic and Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic before its collapse in 1991.

## Resident diplomatic missions

* Azerbaijan has an embassy in Ashgabat.
* Turkmenistan has an embassy in Baku.
# Popovjani

Popovjani (Macedonian: Поповјани, Albanian: Popojan) is a village in the municipality of Kičevo, North Macedonia. It was previously in Oslomej Municipality until that municipality was merged into Kičevo Municipality.

## History

During the period of 1912-1913, members the Serbian army led by chetnik Mikajle Brodski massacred a total of 46 Albanians in the village. The bodies were buried in mass graves.

## Demographics

The village is attested in the 1467/68 Ottoman tax registry (defter) for the Nahiyah of Kırçova. The village had a total of 20 houses, excluding bachelors (mucerred).
According to the 1942 Albanian census, Popovjani was inhabited by a total of 193 Muslim Albanians and 120 Serbs.
As of the 2021 census, Popovjani had 142 residents with the following ethnic composition:
* Albanians 135
* Persons for whom data are taken from administrative sources 6
* Macedonians 1
According to the 2002 census, the village had a total of 399 inhabitants. Ethnic groups in the village include:
* Albanians 397
* Macedonians 2
# Mansur Abdulin

Mansur Gizatulovich Abdulin (Russian: Мансур Гизатулович Абдулин; 14 September 1923 – 2007) was a Soviet memoirist and soldier who was decorated for his efforts during World War II.
Born in Anzherka, Kemerovo Oblast in 1923, Abdulin worked as a gold miner before the war. He entered the army as a volunteer after the attack by Nazi Germany on Soviet Union. He fought in the Battle of Stalingrad as a member of the 1034th Rifle Regiment of the 293rd Rifle Division, which was renamed as the 66th Guards Rifle Division on Jan. 21, 1943. He later fought in the Battle of Kursk and battles on the Dniepr River, where he was wounded and later demobilised. He served as a member of a mortar crew and an infantryman and received the Order of The Patriotic War 1st Class, Order of the Red Star and Medal "For Valour".
In 1985, he published 160 страниц из солдатского дневника (160 pages from the diary of a soldier), which was based on his diary.
After recovery from the wounds, he returned to his mining profession. After the war, he wrote Red Road from Stalingrad (ISBN 1-84415-145-X) which was published in English in 2004.
Abdulin was a resident of Orenburg Oblast until his death in 2007.
# Lešnica, Gostivar

Lešnica (Macedonian: Лешница, Albanian: Leshnicë) is a village in the municipality of Gostivar, North Macedonia.

## Demographics

As of the 2021 census, Lešnica had 128 residents with the following ethnic composition:
* Macedonians 99
* Albanians 31
* Persons for whom data are taken from administrative sources 9
# Maharlu Rural District

Maharlu Rural District (Persian: دهستان مهارلو) is in Kuhenjan District of Sarvestan County, Fars province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Maharlu Now.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the rural district's population (as a part of the former Sarvestan District of Shiraz County) was 4,032 in 982 households. There were 5,736 inhabitants in 1,486 households at the following census of 2011, by which time the district had been separated from the county in the establishment of Sarvestan County. The rural district was transferred to the new Kuhenjan District. The 2016 census measured the population of the rural district as 5,265 in 1,587 households. The most populous of its nine villages was Maharlu Now, with 2,381 people.
# Dugna

Dugna (Russian: Дугна́) is an urban locality (a settlement) in Ferzikovsky District of Kaluga Oblast, Russia, located on the left bank of the Dugna River, 18 kilometers (11 mi) from Ferzikovo, on the main rail line between Kaluga and Tula. Population: 667 (2010 Census); 792 (2002 Census); 946 (1989 Soviet census).

## History

The Dugna Foundry was first mentioned in 1689. The settlement itself was founded in 1709 by Nikita Demidov, who built the first steel mills in Russia. The steel mills were built in 1715 on the site of L. Naryshkin Iron Works, founded in 1690. Now the ironworks are known as Dugna Machine Plant
Having arrived to the region in 1700, Nikita Demidov was well aware of its riches and of the importance of the steel industry for the economy of Russia. With the personal guarantee of Peter the Great, he was one of the pioneers to develop Russian domestic metallurgy and metal production. In the mid-18th century, Dugna, Brynsky, and Vyrovsky plants annually produced 19,000 poods of iron for the local market and additionally exported large quantities to St. Petersburg. Production of iron at these three factories at that time ranged from 40 to 70 thousand poods a year, which corresponded to melting of approximately 60-100 thousand poods of iron.
Dugna was granted urban-type settlement status in 1925.

## Places of interest

* Peter & Paul Church (built about 1764)
* Pontoon bridge over the Oka River
* Steel pedestrian bridge over the Dugna River

## Gallery

* Center of the settlement, the view on former Demidov's houses used as a school and a library during Soviet times
* Mechanical factory and a church
* Pedestrian bridge over the Dugna River