OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Picturesque Russia

Picturesque Russia (Russian: Живописная Россия, romanized: Zhivopisnaya Rossiya; also Picturesque Russia: Our fatherland in its land, historical, tribal, economic and everyday meaning) is a Russian 19-volume edition prepared by the M. O. Wolff's Partnership in the 1870s and published in 1881–1901. It is one of the most expensive publications in the history of Russian book printing.
The edition consists of 19 books with 6984 pages in total and containing 220 individual essays written by 93 writers and illustrated with 3815 drawings. In total, 423 people participated in the preparation of the publication.
At the beginning of the 21st century, an attempt was made to reprint the book.

## History

The idea of publishing a large work, which includes a detailed, comprehensive artistic and scientific description of the Russian Empire and the peoples inhabiting it, appeared to Maurycy Wolff a long time ago. But, due to the huge risk of significant costs and the difficulty of finding writers, scientists, and artists suitable for the implementation of the very idea, he did not dare to start implementing his plan for a long time.
The core or cell of Picturesque Russia was conceived at the beginning of publishing, in 1856, an illustrated description of Poland, edited by the famous Polish writer Józef Kraszewski, but for political reasons it was not implemented.
In addition to journals, Wolff published large illustrated and scientific publications by subscription. The best scientific and literary forces were invited to participate in this edition.
# 1914 New Zealand rugby league season

The 1914 New Zealand rugby league season was the seventh season of rugby league that had been played in New Zealand.

## International competitions

New Zealand hosted the touring Great Britain Lions, losing the Test match 13–16. The New Zealand team was; Arthur Hardgrave, Stan Weston, Karl Ifwersen, George Bradley (c), Billy Wilson, Frank Barclay, Bill Bussell, Charles Savory, Ernest Button, Jim Parker, Vic Banks, Bob Mitchell and Stan Walters. Wilson scored two tries, Banks scored one and Ifwersen kicked two goals.
Great Britain defeated Auckland 34–12 in front of 14,000. The gate earned Auckland Rugby League £650. The Auckland team was; Tom Cross (Ponsonby), Charles Woolley (City), Karl Ifwersen (Grafton), Edward Fox (North Shore), Thomas McClymont (Ponsonby), Arthur Hardgrave (Otahuhu), Charles Webb (Ponsonby), Charles Savory (Ponsonby), J Bennett (Newton), Stan Walters (North Shore), Bob Mitchell (Grafton), Harold Hayward (Thames) and Jim Clark (Ponsonby).

## National competitions
### Northern Union Cup

Auckland again held the Northern Union Cup at the end of the season.

### Inter-district competition

Bill Bussell captained Canterbury. Canterbury lost to Wellington 3–13 at the Show Grounds before defeating Hawke's Bay 25–8 at the same venue.

## Club competitions
### Auckland

North Shore won the Auckland Rugby League's competition.
Charles Woolley played for City, Karl Ifwersen and Bob Mitchell played for Grafton, Thomas McClymont, Jim Clark, Charles Webb and Charles Savory represented Ponsonby United while Arthur Hardgrave played for Otahuhu and Stan Walters played for the North Shore.
Arthur Myers was elected the Auckland Rugby League president. He served in this role until his death in 1926.

### Wellington

Suburbs won the Wellington Rugby League's Appleton Shield.

### Canterbury

Sydenham won the Canterbury Rugby League's competition, for which they were awarded the Thacker Shield.
Two new clubs joined the Canterbury Rugby League; City joined the senior competition while Federal only produced junior teams. Ernest Button played for City in their only season in the senior competition. Bill Bussell played for Sydenham and Billy Mitchell played for St Albans.
At the end of August the Show Grounds were handed over to the Defence Department.
# Geist (liquor)

Geist (German for 'spirit') is a distilled beverage obtained by maceration of unfermented fruit or other raw materials in neutral spirits, followed by distillation. This differs from fruit brandy, where the alcohol comes from fermenting the fruit's naturally occurring sugars. As such, geist can be made from a much wider range of materials, as it is not limited to fruits with sufficient fermentable sugars.
Geist can be produced from a single material (like Himbeergeist) or a combination of multiple ingredients.
Akvavit, most gins and white absinthes legally meet the description to be considered a geist, although they have more specific legal definitions.

## European Union
### Geist

As per the EU regulations that define of spirit drinks, geist must be produced by maceration of unfermented fruits and berries or vegetables, nuts, other plant materials, such as herbs, rose petals, or mushrooms, in ethyl alcohol of agricultural origin, followed by distillation.
Geist must contain at least 37.5% alcohol by volume, it cannot contain added colours or flavours, and it may not contain more than 10 grams of sweetening products per litre (expressed as invert sugar).

### Spirit obtained by maceration and distillation

Geist can also be named "Spirit obtained by maceration and distillation" only if it has been produced from the following fruits, berries or nuts:
* chokeberry
* black chokeberry
* chestnut
* citrus fruits
* hazelnut
* crowberry
* strawberry
* sea-buckthorn
* hollyberry
* cornel cherry or cornelian cherry
* walnut
* banana
* myrtle
* prickly pear
* passion fruit
* bird cherry
* sloe
* blackcurrant
* white currant
* redcurrant
* gooseberry
* rosehip
* arctic bramble
* cloudberry
* blackberry
* raspberry
* elderberry
* rowanberry
* sorb apple
* wild service tree
* ambarella
* hog plum
* high bush blueberry
* wild cranberry
* bilberry/blueberry
* cowberry
Elderberry geist can therefore be named "Elderberry spirit obtained by maceration and distillation" but elderflower geist cannot.
# Oconee and Western Railroad

Organized in 1892 in Georgia, United States, the Oconee and Western Railroad was founded to take over operations of the failed Empire and Dublin Railroad. The E&D had built a line from Dublin to Hawkinsville, and in 1896 the O&W had started to extend the line to Grovania. It was unclear if the line was never finished or if it was completed and immediately abandoned, as the Wrightsville and Tennille Railroad purchased the O&W in 1896 but apparently only used the Dublin to Hawkinsville section. The merger was completed in 1899.

## Citations

* 1 2 Edson, 1999, p. 69.
# Saeed Rad

Ahmad Saeed Hagh Parast Raad (Persian: احمد سعید حق پرست راد, also romanized as Said Rād and Sa'id Rād; 26 October 1944 – 22 July 2024) was an Iranian actor and playwright who started his career in 1968. Rad left Iran in 1986 and lived in Canada but returned in 2000 to continue his career.
After a minor role in M. Zarrindast's Conquerors of the Desert in 1969, he was invited by Amir Naderi to play the leading role of his debut film, Adieu Friend (1971).
Raad died following complications from a fall on 22 July 2024, at the age of 79.

## Filmography

* Deadlock, 1973
* Made in Iran, 1979
* Journey of the Stone, 1977
* The Border, 1981
* The Red Line, 1982
* The Imperilled, 1982
* Farmaan, 1982
* Daadshah, 1983
* Crossing the Mine Field, 1983
* Eagles, 1984
* Duel, 2002
* Che, 2014
* End of Service, 2015
* Love and Frenzy, 2015
He has also acted in notable Iranian TV series including In the Eye of the Wind in the role of Reza Shah.
# Nasir, Iran

Nasir (Persian: نصير) may refer to:
* Nasir, Shushtar, Khuzestan Province
* Nasir, South Khorasan
# Fussball

Fussball or Fußball (if the German letter ß is used) may refer to:
* Table football, also known as foosball, a custom-table game loosely based on association football with figures on rods representing the players
* The German name for football (or soccer)
# Hafizabad, Iran

Hafizabad (Persian: حفيظاباد) may refer to:
* Hafizabad, Khvaf
* Hafizabad, Zaveh
# Irving Gerstein

Irving Russell Gerstein, CM OOnt (born February 10, 1941) is a Canadian businessman, politician, and a former Conservative member of the Senate of Canada. He was appointed on the advice of Stephen Harper to the Senate on January 2, 2009, and retired on February 10, 2016, upon reaching the mandatory retirement age of 75.

## Biography

The son of Bertrand and Reva Gerstein, Gerstein was made a member of the Order of Canada in recognition for being a "respected businessman and a loyal and diligent volunteer and philanthropist" in 1999. In 2002, he was awarded the Order of Ontario.
Gerstein is best known for his time as president of Peoples Jewellers. He led the Peoples takeover of Zale Corporation in 1986 and then Zale's takeover of Gordon Jewelry in 1989. By 1990, he headed the world’s largest jewelry retail empire.
He is or has served as a director of Atlantic Power Corporation, Medical Facilities Corporation, Student Transportation of America, Economic Investment Trust, CTV Inc., Traders Group Limited, Guaranty Trust Company of Canada, Confederation Life Insurance, and Scott’s Hospitality.
Gerstein is an honorary director of Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, where he previously served as chairman of the board, chairman emeritus and director. He is also a director of the Canadian Institute for Advanced Research.
He is a long-time political fundraiser for the Progressive Conservative Party and now the Conservative Party of Canada.
Gerstein received his BSc. in economics from the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania.
On February 23, 2011, Irving Gerstein was charged, along with Senator Doug Finley, with violations of the Canada Elections Act. Elections Canada alleged that Irving Gerstein was complicit in a scheme that involved filing false tax claims and exceeding federal spending limits on campaign advertisements. If found guilty, Gerstein would have faced up to a year in prison and fines exceeding $25,000; however, the charges were dropped after the Conservative party agreed to pay a $52,000 fine.
Gerstein was the chair of the Senate’s Standing Committee on Banking, Trade and Commerce which authored the 2013 report entitled Follow the Money: Is Canada Making Progress in Combatting the Money Laundering and Terrorist Financing? Not Really. The report cautioned that in spite of considerable resources expended, "there is a lack of clear and compelling evidence that Canada’s regime is leading to the detection and deterrence of money laundering." The Senate also expressed concern that "Given that multinational financial institutions have recently been implicated in money laundering and terrorist financing, the Committee is concerned about non-compliance with the Act by reporting entities." The annual value of money laundering in Canada in 2011 was between $5 billion and $15 billion. Globally the annual value of global money laundering is between US$800 billion and US$2 trillion.
In June 2015 the same committee released a Senate report urging only light regulation of the digital currency Bitcoin.
# Zahir-al-Din Faryabi

Zahir-al-Din Abu-al-Fazl Tahir ibn Muhammad (Persian: ظهیرالدّین ابوالفضل طاهر بن محمد; c. 1156 – 1201) mostly known as Zahir Faryabi (Persian: ظهیر فاریابی) was a 12th-century Persian poet.
He was born about 1156 (551 AH) in Faryab (in today's Afghanistan), and was probably of Turkish blood. His works mostly consist of Qasidas for several Seljuq Emirs. He dedicated at least one poem to the Shirvanshah Akhsitan I. He died in 1201 in Tabriz.

## References and notes

* ↑ de Bruijn 2012.
* ↑ Rypka (Boyle, ed.) 1968, v, p. 577.
* ↑ de Blois 2004, pp. 460–461.
# Stanislas Champein

Stanislas Champein (19 November 1753 – 19 September 1830) was an 18th/19th-century French composer and politician, a member of the Institut de France.
In 1792, Champein joined the administration and was made a Prefect in Mainz.

## Works (selection)

He is known for several witty musical scores which were long part of the repertoire including:
* 1787: Les Dettes
* 1779: Le Soldat français, opéra comique
* 1781: La Mélomanie, parody of Italian music
* 1789: Le Nouveau Don Quixote which the author passed of as an Italian opera
* 1807: Laurette, one-act opera, libretto by Joseph Pain
# André Cuneaz

André Cuneaz (born 1 June 1987) is an Italian footballer, who plays for VdA Saint-Christophe, in the Italian Lega Pro Seconda Divisione BC07.

## Club career
### Juventus

Cuneaz began his career with his hometown club Juventus FC in 2000. After working his way through the club's youth system, he joined the Primavera youth squad in 2006. Cuneaz was often called up to the first team during the 2006-07 season, but never made his league debut.

### Cremonese & Pistoiese

In July 2007, Cuneaz was sold in a joint ownership agreement to U.S. Cremonese of Serie C1. Following his transfer, the young midfielder soon made his professional debut. However after that match he failed to play and left for Pistoiese. In June 2008, Juventus bought him back for a nominal fee of €500 and soon re-sold in another co-ownership agreement on 3 July 2008.

### A.C. Mantova

Cuneaz was signed by A.C. Mantova on 3 July 2008, and in his first season with the Serie B outfit, he made 12 league appearances, and also made two Coppa Italia appearances. Despite a quiet first season at the club, the team directors opted to prolong the player's stay at the club for another season, after reaching an agreement with Juventus. In January 2010, Mantova and Juventus agreed on a loan deal for the young playmaker, after he made just four league appearances in the first portion of the 2009-10 Serie B season. During his six-month loan agreement with Taranto Sport, of the Italian Lega Pro Prima Divisione, Cuneaz made 12 league appearances. In June 2010, the co-ownership was resolved in favor of Juventus, and hence the player is owned outright by Juventus.

### U.S. Alessandria

On 25 June 2010, Juventus resolved the co-ownership deal with A.C. Mantova in Juventus' favor. In July 2010, he was sold to U.S. Alessandria Calcio 1912 in a new co-ownership deal, in the Italian Lega Pro Prima Divisione. The following season, the transfer was made permanent. He has since made 31 league appearances for the club scoring 1 goal.
# Astragalus succumbens

Astragalus succumbens is a perennial species of flowering plant in the legume family, commonly referred to as Columbia milkvetch. Other names include the crouching milkvetch and sprawling milkvetch. It is native to north-central Oregon and south-central Washington in the Columbia River valley.

## Description

Astragalus succumbens is a small- to medium-sized sprawling plant with compound leaves, bearing erect racemes of flowers that are usually light pink. It grows from a long taproot and forms multiple stems with alternate compound leaves, each up to about 10 cm (3.9 in) long and with multiple paired leaflets and one terminal leaflet. Each leaflet is obovate to elliptic, usually with an acute tip, 5 to 19 mm (0.20 to 0.75 in) long, and densely hairy on top. The flowers are born on a dense upright raceme growing from a leaf axil and are usually light pink with a darker center, but sometimes light purple or nearly white. The flower form is typical of the legume family, with banner, wing, and keel petals. The flower calyx has stout hairs and long pointed tooth-like lobes. The curved hairless seed pods are held erect to angled upward and are up to 40 mm (1.6 in) long and 7 mm (0.28 in) wide. The pods are first shiny green, turning reddish brown with age.

## Range and habitat

Astragalus succumbens is found in the Columbia River valley in northern Oregon and south-central Washington. It usually grows in sandy soils among sagebrush and in somewhat barren areas.

## Gallery

* Flower
* Leaf
# Albert Einstein School (Vietnam)
## Introduction

Einstein school Ho Chi Minh city (ESH) previously Albert Einstein School (AES; Vietnamese: Trường Einstein HCM) is a private international school based in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. The school belongs to The Canadian International School System (CISS), along with three other campuses: the Bilingual Canadian International School (BCIS), Canadian International School Vietnam (CIS) and Canada – Vietnam Kindergarten (CVK).
The school was named after German-born physicist Albert Einstein (1879–1955). AES combines the Vietnamese curriculum of the Ministry of Education and Training (MoET) with the English program Pearson Edexcel for students from grade 1 to grade 12. AES focuses on developing integrated teaching activities for STEM curriculums.
Since 2019, AES has been the pioneer in implementing the Victorian Certificate of Education (VCE) program in Vietnam. The program is authorized and recognized by MoET and the Victorian Curriculum and Assessment Authority (through the partnership with Haileybury School). In its first four operating years, AES has nearly 700 students enrolled.

## History
### Origins

The school was founded in 2014 by Khôi Nguyên Education Group, at the former CIS campus in Bình Chánh district, which was worth up to $21 million when it was inaugurated in 2010.
The buying of CISS

### Renaming and Re-branding

After Khôi Nguyên Education Group sold The Canadian International School System (CISS) to EQuest, the school was renamed and re-branded from Albert Einstein School to Einstein School Ho Chi Minh city in 2023.
* Old logo (2014 - 2024)
* New logo (2024 - present)

## Facilities

There are two facilities on the campus: The Maple Leaf Coliseum (MLC) and main facility.

### The main facility

This facility is used for teaching general subjects such as mathematics, English, literature, STEM,... as well as being where the students spend most of their time at.
It has two soccer fields, a basketball court, three playgrounds, a garden, a cafeteria, two libraries, two computer labs as well as hundreds of classrooms. The libraries contains almost 10000 books and are sometimes used for hosting medical examinations. The cafeteria also houses May café which sells overpriced food and drinks to students, teachers and staff.
* ESH's soccer field
* Main playground
* Inside one of many classroom at ESH
* The flag poles at ESH

### The Maple Leaf Coliseum (MLC)

The MLC is used for teaching Physical Education (P.E) classes like swimming or martial arts. It is also used to teach several other art and music classes.
The facility houses two swimming pools, two theaters and an indoor gymnasium. The theaters are used for hosting important events such as graduation ceremonies. While the indoor gymnasiums are used to host the school's major sporting events.
* MLC's secondary swimming pool
* MLC's primary swimming pool
* MLC's indoor gymnasium
* Bicycles parked at the MLC
# Pyrgulina obesa

Pyrgulina obesa is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Pyramidellidae, the pyrams and their allies.

## Distribution

This species occurs along the Atlantic coast of Africa, and is known from Ghana, Gabon, Republic of the Congo, Angola and Príncipe.
# Keumjeong High School

Keumjeong High School (Korean: 금정고등학교, Hanja: 金井高等學校), located in Busan, is a high school in South Korea. It was founded in 1986 and chosen as Autonomic Public School. It has a Taegwondo class and its Taegwondo team has won many prizes. This school is supported by the country because it is an Autonomic Public School which is allowed to arrange curricula to increase students' achievements. It was also chosen as a School of Promoting Education.
It is related to Geumjeongsan, but it is not in Geumjeong-gu. At its foundation, it was located in Geumjeong-gu, but its location is not Geumjeong-gu but Dongnae-gu now. Keumjeong High School's symbolic flower is the Japanese apricot flower, its symbolic tree is juniper, its symbolic location is Geum-saem(금샘) which is in Geumjeongsan – this is why it is related to Geumjeongsan. Its symbolic character is Geum-ho(금호).
# Arapey Chico River

The Arapey Chico River is a river of Uruguay.
Dividing Artigas and Salto Departments, it flows into the Arapey Grande River.
# Masahide Sasaki

Masahide Sasaki was a Japanese chemist. He developed the first fully-automated laboratory, and he popularized this innovation internationally.

## Personal life

Masahide was born in Yamaguchi Prefecture of Japan on August 27, 1933. He married his wife, Tokyo, and had three children, Mika, Kyoko, and Masanori. He died of cancer on September 23, 2005.

## Career

As noted in his obituary in Clinical Chemistry, Masahide "graduated from Yamaguchi Medical School in 1961. During 1965, he served as an internist for the Hiroshima Atomic Bomb Casualty Committee. Several years later, in 1967, he was appointed the Chief of the Clinical Chemistry Department at Kawasaki Hospital. In 1970, he did a fellowship in the United States at the Michael Reese Hospital in Chicago, IL, which gave him exposure to the US medical system. Two years later he became an Assistant Professor of Internal Medicine at Kawasaki Medical School and rose quickly in the academic ranks to become a Full Professor of Laboratory Diagnosis in 1976 and, ultimately, Vice President of Kawasaki Paramedical College." He was appointed Professor and Director of the Department of the Clinical Laboratory at Kochi Medical School, Kochi, Japan in 1981. There, he developed his automation system.
Masahide published many papers between 1981 and 1999, the most notable of which was a monograph on laboratory automation sponsored by the A&T Corporation.

## Automation development

Masahide provided the first and most prominent example of a totally automated laboratory.
# Johann Melchior Molter

Johann Melchior Molter (10 February 1696 – 12 January 1765) was a German composer and violinist of the late Baroque period.
He was born at Tiefenort, near Eisenach, and was educated at the Gymnasium in Eisenach. By autumn 1717 he had left Eisenach and was working as a violinist in Karlsruhe. Here he married Maria Salome Rollwagen, with whom he had eight children. From 1719 to 1721 he studied composition in Italy. From 1722 to 1733 he was court Kapellmeister at Karlsruhe. In 1734 he became Kapellmeister at the court of Duke Wilhelm Heinrich of Saxe-Eisenach.
Maria died in 1737; by 1742 Molter had married Maria Christina Wagner. In that year he returned to Karlsruhe and began teaching at the gymnasium there. From 1747 to his death Molter was employed by Margrave Carl Friedrich of Baden-Durlach, the son of his first employer. He died at Karlsruhe.
Molter's surviving works include an oratorio; several cantatas; over 140 symphonies, overtures, and other works for orchestra; many concertos, including some of the first clarinet concertos ever written; and many pieces of chamber music.
One of Molter's many Trumpet Concertos is the signature piece of C-SPAN's Washington Journal.