OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Hermann Heuvers

Hermann Heuvers (31 August 1890 – 9 June 1977) was a German Jesuit missionary, philosopher, educator, author, playwright, and screenwriter. He came to Japan in 1923 and served as the second president of Sophia University from 1937 to 1941.

## Biography

Hermann Heuvers was born in 1890.$^{:113}$
Arriving in Japan in 1923 as a Jesuit missionary, Heuvers served as the second president of Sophia University, a Catholic university in Tokyo. Writing to Woodstock Letters in 1928 on Catholic missionary work in Japan, he said "We must first make the Catholic Church known in Japan and to bring this about it is enough to appear in public. As experience has shown this is done most advantageously with the background of a school." The Jesuit missionaries reported that many of the Japanese students at Sophia University expressed interest in the Catholic faith and the missionaries would slowly broach the topic with them by indirectly referencing religion through descriptions of past trips or by showing pictures of Rome. It was common for students to request private catechetical instruction, and in early 1931 Heuvers reported "many" such students were under his instruction. Heuvers was elected Sophia University president and chancellor in 1937 and served as president until 1941.
In October 1943, Heuvers baptized Shigeto Oshida, who would later go on to establish a hermitage called Takamori Sōan (Japanese: 高森草庵) in Fujimi Township, Nagano Prefecture.
Heuvers was a friend of surgeon general and Unit 731 war criminal Shirō Ishii, whom Heuvers would baptize on his deathbed in 1959. They became close before the war, as Ishii respected the German people and culture. Ishii had confirmed his suspicions of throat cancer by asking a former subordinate in Tokyo to examine a tissue sample without saying who the tissue had come from. After losing his voice following surgical treatment, Ishii communicated through written messages including one to a former professor that read "it's all over now". Ishii took the name Joseph upon baptism and felt relief through the rite.
Heuvers later served as the pastor of St. Ignatius Church from 1949 to 1966 and died as its honorary pastor.
Heuvers wrote poetry and several plays in Japanese. Among these were Hosokawa Gracia Fujin (English: Lady Garcia Hosokawa)–which was rewritten as a kabuki drama and performed both in Japan and in Europe–and the Noh-style Resurrection of Christ. Hosokawa Gracia Fujin, first performed in 1940, was one of two plays on Hosokawa Gracia written in mid-20th-century Japan.$^{:113}$ Heuver's depiction of Garcia represented her "as a person with a sense of self" and Christian, but also "as an obedient wife".$^{:113–114,117}$
Heuvers died of a heart attack in Tokyo on 9 June 1977, at age 86.
# Jeremy Ingalls

Mildred Dodge Jeremy Ingalls (April 2, 1911 - March 16, 2000) was an American poet and scholar of Chinese literature.
In 1943, she received a Guggenheim Fellowship to work on her major poem, The Thunder Saga of Tahi, which was published in 1945 by Alfred Knopf.

## Life

Ingalls grew up in Gloucester, Massachusetts. She received both her bachelor's and master's degrees from Tufts College and studied Chinese at the University of Chicago. From 1948 to 1960, she taught at Rockford College as Resident Poet and Professor of Asian Studies and served as head of the English Department. She then taught at Western College for Women in Oxford, Ohio.
She had a foster son, Yong-ho Ch'oe.
After Ingalls's death in 2000, Allen Wittenborn, who had met her when he was a graduate student at University of Arizona, later returned to her papers in the archives there. From nearly fifty boxes of her papers he edited the volume Dragon in Ambush: The Art of War in the Poems of Mao Zedong (2013), a translation and explication of 20 of Mao's earliest published poems. A reviewer called the volume "an extraordinary work, so full of information that it seems bursting at its roughly 500-page seams. This is not an entirely good thing, because the information provided, while often rich and resonant, is also frequently far-fetched and the assemblage of contents is somewhat unusual."
Her papers are archived at several institutions: the University of Chicago, the University of Delaware, and the University of Arizona.

## Awards

* 1941: Yale Series of Younger Poets prize for The Metaphysical Sword
* 1943: Guggenheim Fellowship
* 1950/1951: Shelley Memorial Award
* American Academy of Arts and Letters Fellowship
* Ford Foundation Fellowship
* Rockefeller Foundation Fellowship

## Works
### Poetry

* Symbols for These Times. The Press of Flozari. 1940.
* The Metaphysical Sword. Yale University Press. 1941. 2nd edition AMS Press, 1971
* The Thunder Saga of Tahl. A.A. Knopf. 1945.
* The Woman From the Island. H. Regnery Co. 1958.
* These Islands Also. C. E. Tuttle Co. 1959.
* This Stubborn Quantum. Capstone Editions. 1983. ISBN 978-0-9610662-0-8.
* Selected Poems. Kore Press, Inc. 2007. ISBN 978-1-888553-24-6.

### Non-fiction

* A Book of Legends. Harcourt, Brace and Company. 1941.
* The Galilean Way: A Book for Modern Skeptics. Longmans, Green & Co. 1953.
* Dragon in Ambush: The Art of War in the Poems of Mao Zedong. compiled and edited by Allen Wittenborn. Lanham, MD.: Lexington Books. 2013. ISBN 978-0-7391-7782-2.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link)

### Essays

* The Epic Tradition and Related Essays. Capstone Editions. 1989. ISBN 978-0-9610662-4-6.

### Translations

* Chien-nung Li; Jiannong Li; Ssŭ-yü Têng (1956). Ssŭ-yü Têng (ed.). The Political History of China, 1840-1928. Translated by Jeremy Ingalls. Stanford University Press. ISBN 978-0-8047-0602-5.
* Yao Hsin-nung (1970). The Malice of Empire. Translated by Jeremy Ingalls. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0520015609.
# Shaul Kohen

Shaul HaKohen Kohen (? in Djerba, Tunisia – 1848, also in Djerba) was a Mizrahi Jewish rabbi, and writer of multiple rabbinic literary works.

## Lineage

In the introduction to his work, the Rabbi provided a detailed lineage going back over a dozen generations of kohanim born at Djerba,
* Son of Mussa Kohen בן מוסא כהן,
* Son of Bachtuth Kohen בן בכתות כהן,
* Son of Michael Kohen בן מיכאל כהן,
* Son of Pinchas Kohen בן פינחס כהן,
* Son of Bagdidi Kohen בן בגדידי כהן,
* Son of Burathi Kohen בן בוראתי כהן,
* Son of Tamam Kohen בן תמאם כהן,
* Son of Amram Kohen בן עמרם כהן,
* Son of Mevurach Kohen בן מבורך כהן,
* Son of Shlomo Kohen בן שלמה כהן,
* Son of Bagdid Kohen בן בגדיד כהן,
* Son of Kalfa Kohen בן כלפא כהן,
* Son of Sayeed Kohen בן סעייד כהן,
* Son of Pinchas Kohen בן פינחס כהן,
* Son of Avraham Kohen בן אברהם כהן,
* Son of Moshe Kohen בן משה כהן,
* Son of Shlomo Kohen בן שלמה כהן,
* Son of Peretz Kohen בן פרץ כהן,
* Son of Mussa Kohen בן מוסא כהן,
* Son of Shaul Kohen בן שאול כהן,
* Son of Yisrael Kohen בן ישראל כהן,
* Son of Bagdid Kohen בן בגדיד כהן,
* Son of Chizkiya Kohen בן חזקיה כהן,
* Son of Matathya Kohen בן מתתיה כהן,
* Son of Yitzchak HaKohen "the elder, the exilee".
From this point onward, the manuscript traces back to Ezra HaSofer, yet the handwriting was found to be illegible.

## Burial in Israel

Some 150 years after his passing, the Rabbi was exhumed from his burial place in Djerba, and buried in Israel.
# Par Kuh, Mazandaran

Par Kuh (Mazanderani: پركوه, also Romanized as Par Kūh) is a village in Farim Rural District, Dodangeh District, Sari County, Mazandaran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 40, in 22 families.
# Chipewyan Prairie First Nation

The Chipewyan Prairie First Nation (Chipewyan: Tł'ógh tëlı́ dënesųłı̨ne) is a First Nations band government located in northeast Alberta south of Fort McMurray.
It is a member of the Athabasca Tribal Council and a Treaty 8 nation. The Athabasca Tribal Council represents 5 First Nation bands in northeast Alberta.

## Demographics

As of August 2016 the Chipewyan Prairie First Nation (Tł'ógh tëlı́ dënesųłı̨ne) ca. 31 km$^2$ had a total population of 923 with 390 members living on reserve and 533 members living off-reserve.

## Reserves

* Cowper Lake 194A on the north shore of Cowper Lake is 143 hectares.
* Janvier 194 the largest territory with 2486.70 hectares and the most populous with 295 residents in 2011 is 97 km southwest of Fort McMurray. 145 of the residents chose Dene as their mother tongue in 2011.
* Winefred Lake 194B (Ɂuldáze1 tué) on the north end of Winefred Lake is 450 hectares.
# Tucson Mountains, Arizona

Tucson Mountains is a census-designated place (CDP) in Pima County, Arizona, United States. It is bordered to the east by the city of Tucson and to the west by the Tucson Mountains, including part of Saguaro National Park. It was first listed as a CDP prior to the 2020 census.

## Education

Much of the CDP is in the Tucson Unified School District, while portions are in Marana Unified School District, and Flowing Wells Unified School District.
# Naqareh Khaneh, Razavi Khorasan

Naqareh Khaneh (Persian: نقاره خانه, also Romanized as Naqāreh Khāneh; also known as Naqār Khāneh) is a village in Bakharz Rural District, in the Central District of Bakharz County, Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 231, in 46 families.
# Heikki Huttunen

Heikki Huttunen (26 September 1880 – 21 September 1947) was a Finnish sport shooter who competed at the 1908, the 1912 and the 1924 Summer Olympics and won five Finnish national championship golds.

## Shooting
### Olympics

Heikki Hallamaa at the Olympic Games :
| Games | Event | Rank | Notes |
| 1908 Summer Olympics | 300 metre free rifle, three positions | 38th | Source: |
| 1908 Summer Olympics | Team free rifle | 8th | Source: |
| 1912 Summer Olympics | 50 metre pistol | 28th | |
| 1912 Summer Olympics | 300 metre free rifle, three positions | 25th | |
| 1912 Summer Olympics | Team free rifle | 5th | |
| 1924 Summer Olympics | 50 metre rifle, prone | 20th | |
| 1924 Summer Olympics | 600 metre free rifle | 44th | |
| 1924 Summer Olympics | Team free rifle | 5th | |

### International

Huttunen competed in the ISSF World Shooting Championships:
* 1914: 5th in free rifle team
* 1924: 7th in free rifle, standing

### National

Huttunen won five Finnish national championship golds:
* free rifle, standing: 1909, 1924
* free rifle, three positions: 1910, 1913
* free pistol: 1919

### Other

He represented the club Suomen Metsästysyhdistys.
He was present at the constitutive meeting of the Finnish Shooting Sport Federation, and became its board member.
He was the sports director of the Kuopio White Guard district in the 1930s.
He received the Silver Medal of Merit with the Golden Cross of the Finnish Sport in 1947.

## Cross-country skiing

He competed at the 1901 and 1905 Nordic Games. In 1901, he placed 6th in the 30 kilometre cross-country skiing with time 2:27:29. In 1905, he placed 7th in the same event with time 2:41:55.
He was part of the team that won the first cross-country skiing relay race in Finland, from Helsinki to Porvoo in 1904. He also took part in the organizational activities of skiing in Finland in the 1900s and 1910s.

## Sources

* Siukonen, Markku (2001). Urheilukunniamme puolustajat. Suomen olympiaedustajat 1906–2000. Suuri olympiateos (in Finnish). Jyväskylä: Graface. p. 76. ISBN 951-98673-1-7.
# Denis Popov (footballer, born 2002)

Denis Vladimirovich Popov (Russian: Денис Владимирович Попов; born 29 August 2002) is a Russian footballer who plays as a goalkeeper.

## Club career

He made his debut in the Russian Premier League for Rostov on 19 June 2020 in a game against Sochi. Rostov were forced to field their Under-18 squad in that game as their main squad was quarantined after 6 players tested positive for COVID-19. Despite allowing ten goals in a 10–1 away defeat, he was selected Player of the Match, as he made 15 saves (setting the Russian Premier League record) including a saved penalty kick.
On 15 December 2020, Popov announced that he left Rostov.
# Shurjeh, Lenjan

Shurjeh (Persian: شورجه, also Romanized as Shūrjeh; also known as Shūrcheh and Sūrjeh) is a village in Zirkuh Rural District, Bagh-e Bahadoran District, Lenjan County, Isfahan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 71, in 17 families.
# Kang, Razavi Khorasan

Kang (Persian: كنگ) is a village in Jagharq Rural District, Torqabeh District, Torqabeh and Shandiz County, Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 1,472, in 354 families.
# Bosquel

Bosquel (French pronunciation:; Picard: L’Boutchi) is a commune in the Somme department in Hauts-de-France in northern France.

## Geography

Bosquel is situated on the D920 road, less than a mile from the A16 autoroute, some 14 miles (23 km) south of Amiens.
# Mohammadabad, Khalilabad

Mohammadabad (Persian: محمداباد, romanized: Moḩammadābād) is a village in Howmeh Rural District, in the Central District of Khalilabad County, Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 612, in 167 families.
# Sadabad, Garmsar

Sadabad (Persian: سعد آباد, also Romanized as Sa‘dābād) is a village in Howmeh Rural District, in the Central District of Garmsar County, Semnan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 57, in 18 families.
# Questembert

Questembert (French pronunciation:; Breton: Kistreberzh) is a commune in the Morbihan department in Brittany in north-western France.
It is located approximately 25 km (16 mi) from Vannes.

## Demographics

Inhabitants of Questembert are called Questembertois. Its population was 7,723 as of 2018.

## Breton language

In 2008, 3.61% of local children attended bilingual schools in primary education, learning partly in Breton.
# Chloe Ashcroft

Chloe Ashcroft (born 7 July 1942) is a British actress and a former presenter of several BBC children's TV programmes, including Play School, Play Away, Hokey-Cokey, Excuse Me, All Change, and Pie in the Sky. She also appeared in the Doctor Who story Resurrection of the Daleks (1984), playing Professor Laird.
Before her television career, she appeared in several stage plays in the 1960s, and returned to the stage in the 1980s. Outside of acting, she has worked as a teacher. She now lives in Whiteshill and Ruscombe in Gloucestershire with her husband, the actor David Hargreaves, with whom she has two children.
# Tuz resmi

The Tuz resmi (Ottoman Turkish: طوز رسمی; "salt tax") was a tax on salt in the Ottoman Empire.
During the 15th century, households working in the salt industry were exempted from taxes such as avariz, in return for their contributions to tuz resmi. In one case, an entire village involved in salt-production was exempted from the jizya, avariz-i divaniye and tekalif-i orfiye taxes.
An emin could play a key role in salt taxation; most of the surviving records of the emin stationed in Ragusa (who handled customs and tariffs on foreign trade) are receipts for salt duty. There were even dedicated salt-duty officers, who were granted the title tuz emini.
Tuz resmi was usually arranged through the muqata'ah system; the government would grant a salt-producing resource to a contractor or tax-farmer, who would then be obliged to return a proportion of salt production (or the cash equivalent) to government coffers. There was usually a separate muqata'ah for each salt-mine. During the Tanzimat reforms, the Ottoman government took over complete control of salt production, and prices were fixed; in 1879, the salt industry was given to bankers as collateral against government borrowing, and then in 1881, it was made part of the Regie Company which gave all salt revenues to the Public Debt Commission – in an attempt to help pay off the Ottoman government's foreign debts. In the face of this government control of salt production (and of salt prices), smuggling became a problem.
In the later 19th century, government revenue from tuz resmi was typically 70-80 million kurus per year; by 1912 revenue had risen to 130,476,788 kurus – much higher than other tariffs such as the muskirat resmi (alcohol tax) or the damga resmi (stamp duty), although taxes on land and crops continued to return more revenue.
# Krivci

Krivci (Macedonian: Кривци, Albanian: Krivcë) is a village in the municipality of Debar, North Macedonia.

## Demographics

As of the 2021 census, Krivci had 3 residents with the following ethnic composition:
* Albanians 3
According to the 2002 census, the village had a total of 9 inhabitants. Ethnic groups in the village include:
* Albanians 9
# The Garden (1968 film)

The Garden (Czech: Zahrada) is a 1968 Czechoslovak film directed by Jan Švankmajer. It is based on a story by Ivan Kraus Living Fence.

## Plot

Josef invites his old friend Franta to his home. Franta is shocked when he finds out that the house is surrounded by people who are holding their hands. Josef shows Franta his garden but Franta eventually asks who the people are. Josef tells him it is his hedge (lit. "living fence" in Czech) and that the people in the fence are volunteers that Josef has some knowledge about. Franta eventually finds his place in the fence.

## Cast

* Jiří Hálek as Franta
* Luděk Kopřiva as Josef
* Míla Myslíková as Miluš
* Václav Borovička as Borůvka
* František Husák as Man in rubber coat
# Khmer Anti-Poverty Party

The Khmer Anti-Poverty Party (Khmer: គណបក្សខ្មែរឈប់ក្រ) is a Cambodian political party founded in September 2007. Its leader is Cambodian-American Daran Kravanh.

## Political ideology

The Khmer Anti-Poverty Party believes in defending Cambodia's "territorial integrity" and opposes "any foreign tyrant leader". The party aims to prevent poverty and to create new ministries for the disabled and for job seekers. In the 2008 national election, the party proposed to bring American-style governance to Cambodia, claiming that the party had the support of 300 American advisers and governors.
In the 2013 election, the party claimed that it had the backing and support of 140,000 foreign advisers and 13 wealthy investors who would make the party's vision of ending poverty in Cambodia a success. However the party did not gain a seat in parliament.

## Political activities

An alliance between the KAPP, Society of Justice Party, and the Khmer Republican Party was announced in late June 2008 (in time for July national election), though it was retracted by the Khmer Republican Party within days. The party was expected to win 41 seats in the National Assembly in the election, but it garnered only 0.16% of the national vote and won no seats. Daran rejected the legitimacy of the election results.

## Electoral history
### General election

| Election | Leader | Votes | Votes | Votes | Seats | Seats | Position | Government |
| Election | Leader | # | % | ± | # | ± | Position | Government |
| 2008 | Daran Kravanh | 9,501 | 0.16 | – | 0 / 125 | – | 11th | CPP |
| 2013 | Daran Kravanh | 43,222 | 0.65 | 0.49 | 0 / 125 | – | 5th | CPP |
| 2018 | Daran Kravanh | 55,298 | 0.87 | 0.22 | 0 / 125 | – | 8th | CPP |
| 2023 | Daran Kravanh | 40,091 | 0.52 | 0.35 | 0 / 125 | – | 7th | CPP |
# Chan Nak

Chan Nak (Khmer: ចាន់ ណាក់; 27 May 1892 – 7 November 1954) was a Cambodian politician who served as the Prime Minister of Cambodia from 1953 to 1954. He was the second prime minister of an independent Cambodia, following Penn Nouth.
Before being appointed the prime minister, Nak served as the Minister of Justice in 1945, 1945–1946 and 1950, the Interior Minister from 1953 to 1954 and the Information Minister from 1953 to 1954.
# Kordenab

Kordenab (Persian: كردناب, also Romanized as Kordenāb; also known as Gordāb, Kirdahnu, Kirdakhnu, and Kordeh Nāb) is a village in Guzal Darreh Rural District, Soltaniyeh District, Abhar County, Zanjan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 309, in 63 families.
# Iranian Public Conscription Organization

Public Conscription Organization of NAJA (Persian: سازمان وظیفه عمومی ناجا) is an organization in Iran tasked to maintain information on those potentially subject to conscription, enroll and assign them to the Armed Forces of the Islamic Republic of Iran. The agency is a subdivision of Law Enforcement Command of Islamic Republic of Iran and is headed by Brigadier General Taghi Mehri.
# Cyril Hoyt

Cyril J. Hoyt (November 22, 1905 — December 16, 1979) was an American educator and academic. A long-time member of the University of Minnesota Department of Educational Psychology, he was known as the author of Hoyt's coefficient of reliability.
Hoyt's interest in the theory and practice of education developed during his teaching of mathematics and science for Minot Public Schools from 1928 to 1937. He became closely involved in educational research while pursuing higher degrees at the University of Minnesota. The generalization of the Kuder-Richardson's (1937) formulation of the coefficient of internal consistency reliability to a continuous case is often ascribed to Lee Cronbach (1951), despite the fact that Hoyt had already made this generalization a decade earlier. Hoyt retired in 1974.

## References (in chronological order)

* Kuder, G. & Richardson, M. (1937). The theory of estimation of test reliability. Psychometrika, 2, 151–160.
* Hoyt, C. (1941). Test reliability estimated by analysis of variance. Psychometrika, 6, 153-160
* Cronbach, L. J. (1951). Coefficient alpha and the internal structure of tests. Psychometrika, 16, 297–333.
Specific
* ↑ Hoyt, 1941
* This biography of an American academic is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
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# Tegene, Aksy

Tegene (Kyrgyz: Тегене) is a village in Jalal-Abad Region of Kyrgyzstan. It is part of the Aksy District. The village's population was 1,558 in 2021.
# Shurab-e Pain

Shurab-e Pain (Persian: شوراب پائین) may refer to:
* Shurab-e Pain, Fars
* Shurab-e Pain, Fariman, Razavi Khorasan Province
* Shurab-e Pain, Sarakhs, Razavi Khorasan Province
# St. Wenceslas Church (Vršovice)

The Church of Saint Wenceslas (Czech: Kostel sv. Václava) is a Roman Catholic church in Vršovice in Prague 10, Czech Republic. The church was built in 1930 as a commemoration of the 1,000th anniversary of the death of St. Wenceslas.

## Description

This was one of three new buildings constructed in 1929 in Prague inspired by the 1000th anniversary of the death of St. Wenceslas. This is the Saint Wenceslas who features in the Christmas carol "Good King Wenceslas", which was based on a poem written by Václav Alois Svoboda The most expensive construction for Wenceslas's commemoration in Prague was the completion of the medieval cathedral, but the Catholic Church also decided to build two new churches. One church was to be built at Jiřího z Poděbrad - the Church of the Most Sacred Heart of Our Lord by Jože Plečnik and this one, which was to be built on a former cemetery in Svatopluk Čech square in Vršovice.
There was already a church in Vršovice dedicated to St. Nicholas whose history went back, via several buildings on the site, to the 11th century, but this was to be a new church. The idea of a new church had started in 1864 but the process was slow and it took until 1902 to establish a committee to create a new church for Vršovice.
The design of the new church was settled by competition with over 50 entries being short-listed to three. Czech architect Josef Gočár was the winner with a daring Constructivist design. The foundation stone was laid in May 1929 and the church was consecrated by Francis Kordac, the Archbishop of Prague on 21 September 1930. It is said that the overall plan was made by the architect to have a hall that led to the presbytery to cope with the sloping ground.
The building is dominated by the 50-metre tower with a large seven-metre cross as its top. The tower also incorporates a clock and it is possible to climb to this and the top just using a ladder. The tower has five bells and the cross at the top is lighted at night.
The windows in the church were replaced in 1998 during a refurbishment Up to that date the glass chosen was Luxfer glass which is a glass covered in small prisms which directed the light in the architect's desired direction.
The church was open in September 2012 as part of the European Heritage Days initiative.