OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Terminus post quem

A terminus post quem ('limit after which', sometimes abbreviated TPQ) and terminus ante quem ('limit before which', abbreviated TAQ) specify the known limits of dating for events or items.
A terminus post quem is the earliest date the event may have happened or the item was in existence, and a terminus ante quem is the latest. An event may well have both a terminus post quem and a terminus ante quem, in which case the limits of the possible range of dates are known at both ends, but many events have just one or the other. Similarly, a terminus ad quem 'limit to which' is the latest possible date of a non-punctual event (period, era, etc.), whereas a terminus a quo 'limit from which' is the earliest. The concepts are similar to those of upper and lower bounds in mathematics.
These terms are often used in archaeological and historical studies, such as dating layers in excavated sites, coins, historical events, authors, inscriptions or texts where the exact dates may not be known or may be in dispute.

## Example

For example, consider an archaeological find of a burial that contains coins dating to 1588, 1595, and others less securely dated to 1590–1625. The terminus post quem for the burial would be the latest date established with certainty: in this case, 1595. A secure dating of an older coin to an earlier date would not shift the terminus post quem.
An archaeological example of a terminus ante quem would be deposits formed before a historically dateable event, such as building foundations that were partly demolished to make way for the construction of a city wall. If it is known that the wall was finished in 650, then the foundations must have been demolished in 650 or earlier; all that can be said from the evidence is that it happened before the known event.
Other examples of things that may establish a terminus are known dates of death or travel by persons involved, a particular form of heraldry that can be dated (see pastiglia for example), references to reigning monarchs or office-holders, or a placing relative to any other events whose date is securely known. In a modern context, dated images, such as those available in Google Earth, may establish termini.

## Related terms

A terminus ante quem non differs from a terminus post quem by not implying the event necessarily took place. 'Event E happened after time T' implies E occurred, whereas 'event E did not happen before time T' leaves open the possibility that E never occurred at all.
In project planning, sometimes the phrases "no earlier than" / "no later than" (NET/NLT) are used.
# SMKC

SMKC may refer to:
* Slash featuring Myles Kennedy and the Conspirators
* Kai Chung Secondary School (Malay: Sekolah Menengah Kai Chung), in Sarawak, Malaysia
* Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan Cyberjaya, a school in Selangor, Malaysia
* Svaz mladých komunistů Československa [cs], a Czech political party which is a member of the International Coordination of Revolutionary Parties and Organizations
# Sergei Smorgachyov

Sergei Borisovich Smorgachyov (Russian: Сергей Борисович Сморгачёв; born 30 March 1968 in Moscow) is a former Russian football player.
He played one game for the main squad of FC Spartak Moscow in the USSR Federation Cup.
# Don't Tread on Me (album)

Professional ratings :
| Aggregate scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Metacritic | 51/100 |
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| Blender | |
| The Encyclopedia of Popular Music | |
| Entertainment Weekly | C |
| Rolling Stone | |
Don't Tread on Me is the eighth studio album by 311, which was released on August 16, 2005. The first single, "Don't Tread on Me", was released to radio on July 26, 2005. It peaked at #2 on the Billboard Modern Rock Tracks and #1 on the R&R Panel Alternative chart. The second single, "Speak Easy", was released on November 22, 2005 and a third "Frolic Room", was released on June 13, 2006.
Don't Tread on Me debuted and peaked at #5 on the Billboard 200, selling 91,000 copies in its first week of release. Despite the success of the leadoff single, the album, like its predecessor Evolver, has yet to receive an RIAA certification.
This is the third 311 album recorded in 311's recording studio The Hive in North Hollywood, California.

## Reception

"Don't Tread On Me" was met with largely mixed reviews and reactions from fans and critics alike, receiving a score of 51/100 on Metacritic, indicating 'Mixed or average reviews'.

## Leaking

Sometime in late 2004, many of Don’t Tread On Me's demo tapes were leaked on the now defunct 311 Bulletin Board, after someone supposedly hacked into lead singer Nick Hexum’s e-mail, stealing the files and uploading them to the site. The band was unhappy and went as far as calling out leakers and removing any mention of the album’s demos from the site.

## Personnel

Credits adapted from album’s liner notes.

### 311

* Nick Hexum – vocals, rhythm guitar
* S.A. Martinez – vocals
* Chad Sexton – drums, percussion
* Tim Mahoney – lead guitar
* P-Nut – bass

### Additional Musicians

* Robert Greenidge – pans on "Speak Easy"

### Production

* 311 – producer
* Ron Saint Germain – producer, engineer, mixer
* Giff Tripp – assistant engineer
* David Kahne – additional pre-production
* Jason Walters – studio manager
* Bryan Manley – studio technician
* Joe Gastwirt – mastering
* Shepard Fairey – artwork, design
* Myriam Santos-Kayda – photography
* Pablo Mathiason – A&R

## Chart performance
### Album

| Year | Chart | Peak position |
| 2005 | US Billboard 200 | 5 |

### Singles

| Year | Single | Chart | Peak position |
| 2005 | "Don't Tread on Me" | U.S. Billboard Hot Modern Rock Tracks | 2 |
| 2005 | "Don't Tread on Me" | U.S. Billboard Pop 100 | 93 |
| 2006 | "Speak Easy" | U.S. Billboard Hot Modern Rock Tracks | 22 |
# Dehestan

Dehestan, Dehistan or Dahistan (Persian: دهستان) is a name shared by many places in Central Asia. It may refer to:
* the homeland of the Dahae, an extinct ancient tribe in what is now Turkmenistan and Iran
* Dehestan (administrative division) ("district" or "county") is a modern administrative subdivision in Iran
* Dehestan, Afghanistan
* Dehestan, East Azerbaijan, Iran
* Dehestan-e Bala, Iran
* Dehestan-e Pain, Iran
* Dehistan/Mishrian, an archaeological site in Turkmenistan
* an alternate name for Hyrcania
# Bastendorf

Bastendorf (Luxembourgish: Baastenduerf) is a small town in the commune of Tandel, in north-eastern Luxembourg. As of 2024, the town has a population of 640.
Bastendorf was a commune in the canton of Diekirch until 1 January 2006, when it was merged with the commune of Fouhren to form the new commune of Tandel, in Vianden. The law creating Tandel was passed on 21 December 2004.

## Former commune

The former commune consisted of the villages:
* Bastendorf
* Brandenbourg
* Landscheid
* Tandel
* Hoscheidterhof
* Këppenhaff
* Fischbacherhof (lieu-dit)
* Froehnerhof (lieu-dit)
* Ronnenbusch (lieu-dit)

## Footnotes

* ↑ "Registre national des personnes physiques RNPP : Population par localité". data.public.lu. 2024-01-07.
* ↑ "Mémorial A, 2004, No. 216" (PDF) (in French). Service central de législation. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2007-03-28. Retrieved 2006-08-15.
49°54′N 6°10′E﻿ / ﻿49.900°N 6.167°E﻿ / 49.900; 6.167
* This article related to the geography of Vianden canton is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Warriors of Faith

Warriors of Faith (Czech: Jan Roháč z Dubé) is a 1947 Czech historical film by Vladimír Borský, based on a play by Alois Jirásek. It was the first Czech film in colour. It premiered in Prague on 28 March 1947, and the premiere was attended by Czechoslovak president Edvard Beneš.

## Cast

* Otomar Korbelář as Jan Roháč z Dubé
* Ladislav Boháč as Jan Rokycana
* Emil Bolek as Puškař Zelený
* Felix Le Breux as Výšek Račický
* Otto Čermák as Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor
* Rudolf Deyl Jr. as Hrdinka
* Gustav Ekl as Orságh
* Lilli Hodáčová as Ludmila
* František Kulhánek as Hynek Ptáček z Pirkenštejna
* Antonín Kurš as Jakub Vlk
* Bohumil Machník as Ambrož z Hradce
* Viktor Nejedlý as Martin z Prostředka
* Viktor Očásek as Filibert z Coutances
* Karel Pavlík as Příbram
* Theodor Pištěk as Velvar
* Jiří Plachý as Oldřich z Rožmberka
* Vojta Plachý-Tůma as Palomar
* Jaroslav Vojta as Baba
* Hermína Vojtová as Taborite woman
* Aleš Podhorský as Menhart
* Karel Rint as Bedřich ze Strážnice

## Plot

The film is set after the Battle of Lipany, where the Radical Hussites are defeated. Only Jan Roháč refuses to surrender. He gathers his loyal followers at Sion Castle and organises resistance against King Sigismund. The castle is placed under siege and eventually defeated after a heavy battle. Jan Roháč is captured and hanged on Sigismund's orders. It angers the Czech people, who revolt against Sigismund, who is forced to run away.
# Tarkhanov

Tarkhanov (Russian: Тарханов) is a Russian masculine surname, its feminine counterpart is Tarkhanova. It may refer to:
* Aleksandr Tarkhanov (born 1954), Russian football coach and former player
* Ivan Tarkhanov (painter) (1780–1848), Russian painter
* Ivan Tarkhanov (physiologist) (1846–1908), Georgian physiologist
* Mikhail Tarkhanov (actor) (1877–1948), Russian and Soviet stage actor and theatre director
* Mikhail Tarkhanov (painter) (1888–1962), Russian and Soviet painter
# Lygourio

Lygourio is a Greek small town located about the middle of Argolis prefecture. It is built at the foot of Arachnaion Mountain at a height of 370 meters, near the Ancient Theatre of Epidaurus. Its population is 2482 inhabitants according to 2011 census. Lygourio is the seat of Epidavros municipality and Asklipieio municipal unit.

## History

The origin of the name Lygourio is unknown and there are only conjectures. According to an opinion, the name Lygourio derives from the corruption of the word Elaiogyrion that means olive factory. In antiquity, in this place there was the ancient city Lessa which was referred by Pausanias. During 4th century B.C. near Lessa was located the sanctuary Asklipieio of Epidaurus. The area was devoted to the deities from prehistoric period but the most important buildings of the sanctuary were built during 4th century B.C. Then the sanctuary was devoted to Asclepius the god of medicine. One of the most famous building is the ancient theatre that is located two Km away from Lygourio. The sanctuary was abandoned after the destructive earthquakes of 522 and 551 A.D. The name Lygourio is mentioned for first time during 14th century and again during 15th century in Venetian document. The village is believed to have changed its place during early 18th century. For this reason, documents of this period mention to another village with name Paleo Ligourio (old Lygourio). Nowadays, Lygourio is the seat of Epidavros municipality. Its economy based in agriculture and tourism. Every summer during Athens-Epidaurus Festival, a lot of tourist visit Lygourio to attend a theatre performance.

### Historical population

| Census | Lygourio Settlement | Asklipeio Community |
| 1991 | 2,182 | |
| 2001 | 2,678 | 3,131 |
| 2011 | 2,482 | 2,849 |
| 2021 | 2,197 | 2,500 |

## Places of interest

* Asklipieio of Epidaurus, ancient sanctuary devoted to Asclepius that includes the famous ancient Theatre of Epidaurus.
* Arkadiko Bridge, ancient bridge of Mycenean period, few Km away from Lygourio.
* Lygourio pyramid, ruins of an ancient pyramid near the village.
* Temple of Agios Ioannis Eleimon, Byzantine temple, near the village.
* Natural History Museum, Lygourio, an important natural history museum in Greece.
# Gennady's Bible

Gennady's Bible (Russian: Геннадиевская Библия) is the first full manuscript translation of the Bible into Church Slavonic, completed in 1499.
Gennady (r. 1484–1504), the archbishop of Novgorod the Great and Pskov, set the task to collect all Biblical translations, partly in response to the emergence of a religious sect known in Russia as the Judaizers that confronted the Russian Orthodox Church. Before him, there were only separate and incomplete Slavonic translations of various books and chapters. Gennady's Bible included a number of books wholly or partially translated from the Latin Vulgate. The collection marked the "first serious victory of Western scholasticism on Russian soil".
Gennady and his assistants used the Pentateuch, Judges, Joshua, Ruth, Kings, Job, Zephaniah, Haggai, Zechariah, Malachi, Proverbs, Ecclesiastes, the Gospels, Acts, Epistles, Revelation, Psalms and others. He translated missing books with the help of the monk Veniamin from the Vulgate, including the Nehemiah, Ezra, Tobit, Judith, Esther, Jeremiah, Wisdom, 1 Maccabees, 2 Maccabees, 1 Esdras, 2 Esdras and others.
Gennady's Bible was also the main source of the Ostrog Bible. Russian tsar Ivan IV requested copies from Ivan Fyodorov.
# Kalli Kalde

Kalli Kalde (born 6 September 1967 in Tartu) is an Estonian painter, graphic artist and illustrator.

## Education

From 1982 to 1986, Kalde studied graphic design in Tartu Art School. In 1991, she graduated from Department of Drawing and Manual Training in Tallinn University.

## Career

Kalde has taken part in expositions since 1988.
Kalde has been a member of the Tartu Artists' Association since 1995 and a member of the Association of Estonian Printmakers (Estonian: Eesti Vabagraafikute Ühendus) since 2013.

## Artworks

* 1998–99 — Ceiling and wall paintings in Villa Ammende in Pärnu
* 2000 — Ceiling paintings in Villa Salmela in Finland
* 2005 — Illustrations for the book Two Suns by Jaan Kaplinski
* 2005 — Ceiling and wall paintings for the Konuvere manor in Pärnumaa
* 2005, 2006 — Illustrations for the magazine Täheke
* 2006 — Photos and layout for the book Silence into Colours by Jaan Kaplinski
* 2006 — Illustrations for the book Northwind and Southwind by Jaan Kaplinski
* 2007 — Illustrations for the book Evening is Appletree by Jaan Kaplinski
* 2008 — Photos and layout for the book Another Side of Lake by Jaan Kaplinski
* 2009 — Illustrations and layout for the book Bygoners by Jaan Kaplinski
* 2011 — Illustrations for the book Fairytales of Love by Epp Petrone
* 2011 — Illustrations for the book My Especial Child
# Aleksandr Okulov

Alexandr Fedorovich Okulov (Russian: Александр Фёдорович Окулов; September 12, 1908 – October 6, 1993) was a Soviet and Russian philosopher, specialist in the history of Marxist philosophy, atheism and social philosophy. Doctor of Philosophy, professor. One of the authors of the "Atheist Dictionary" (Russian: Атеистический словарь).

## Background

He graduated from the Communist Institute of Journalism (1937), he was also a graduate of GA in the department of history of philosophy. (1950).
In the 1930s and 1940s, he worked as editor of the political department of MTS in the Azov-Black Sea region, the editor of the regional and regional newspaper in the Far East, the secretary of the regional committee of the Sakhalin and Khabarovsk regional committee of the party.
Deputy Director of the IF of the USSR (1951-1964). In 1961-1962 gg. - The editor in chief of the journal "Problems of Philosophy". From 1964 to 1978 - Director of the Institute of Scientific Atheism.
Main research areas: the history of philosophy in Soviet society and foreign philosophy; the philosophical and atheistic legacy of Lenin, the problems of modern clericalism, social, philosophical and sociological problems of religious studies.
He participated in the creation of collective scientific works: "History of Philosophy" (6 m.), "History of the USSR philosophy", Proc. "Questions of scientific atheism", "Scientific-atheistic library" textbook "scientific atheism" (4th ed., 1978), and others.

## Works

* The struggle of Lenin and Stalin for the theoretical foundations of the Marxist party. M., 1951;
* About the book Lenin's "Materialism and Empiric". M., 1953;
* Lenin on the ideological origins and the class nature of the Social-Democracy. M., 1954;
* Fighting Plekhanov against the neo-Kantian revision of Marxism // "Problems of Philosophy" 1956. No. 6;
* The struggle of Lenin against revisionism, for the purity of Marxist theory // "Problems of Philosophy" 1958. No. 2;
* The great philosophical work of creative Marxism. [In et al.]. M., 1959;
* The struggle of Lenin against the philosophy of reformism and revisionism. M., 1959;
* Soviet philosophical science and its problems. A short essay. M., 1976;
* The scientific outlook and atheist upbringing. M., 1976;
* Social progress and religion. M., 1982;
* Leninist atheistic heritage and modernity. M., 1986.

## Literature

* Алексеев П. В. (2002). "Окулов, Александр Фёдорович". Философы России XIX-XX столетий. Биографии, идеи, труды (4-е изд., перераб. и доп. ed.). М.: Академический проект. p. 1152. ISBN 5-8291-0148-3.
# Return of the Storks

Return of the Storks (Slovak: Návrat bocianov) is a 2007 Slovak film directed by Martin Repka. It was Slovakia's submission to the 80th Academy Awards for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film, but was not accepted as a nominee.
# Kiprovo

Kiprovo (Russian: Кипрово) is the name of several rural localities in Russia:
* Kiprovo, Arkhangelsk Oblast, a village in Pavlovsky Selsoviet of Kargopolsky District of Arkhangelsk Oblast
* Kiprovo, Novgorod Oblast, a village in Tregubovskoye Settlement of Chudovsky District of Novgorod Oblast
* Kiprovo, Pskov Oblast, a village in Dnovsky District of Pskov Oblast
# Mohammad Mehdi Hosseini

Mehdi Hosseini (Persian: مهدی حسینی; born 11 March 1990 in Tehran) is an Iranian actor.

## Biography

Mehdi Hosseini is an Iranian actor and writer who started his career in 2010 on Iranian television. He is the main actor of the short film Are You Volleyball, which is one of the most honorable short film in the history of Iranian cinema and has participated in 404 international festivals. He‌ has also the main role in the film One Night in Tehran, for which he won awards at prestigious international festivals.

## Filmography
### Film

| Year | Title | Role | Director | Notes |
| 2018 | Are You Volleyball?! | Soldier | Mohammad Bakhshi & Saeid Ahanj | Short Film |
| 2019 | Wormhole | Behnam | Vahid Davoodi Pooya | Short Film |
| 2019 | One Night in Tehran | Amir Ali | Farhad Najafi | Feature Film |
| 2019 | The Crossing | | Sara Ghafourian | Short Film |

### Television

| Year | Title | Director | Network |
| 2010–2014 | Maybe It Will Happen to You | | IRIB TV5 |
| 2011 | I Have Grown Up (film) | Mohammad Pour Zargham | |
| 2011 | The 7th Day (film) | Mohammad Pour Zargham | |
| 2012 | The Last Days of Winter | Mohammad Hossein Mahdavian | IRIB TV1 |
| 2014 | Warm Winter | Rasoul Saneei | IRIB TV5 |
| 2016 | Paria | Hossein Soheili Zadeh | IRIB TV3 |
| 2016 | Turbulence | Vahid Bitarafan | IRIB TV5 |
| 2017–2018 | Darkness of Night, Lightness of Day | Hojat Ghasemzadeh Asl | IRIB TV1 |
# Gagosh

Gagosh (Persian: گاگش), also rendered as Gakosh, may refer to:
* Gagosh-e Olya
* Gagosh-e Sofla
# Cryogenmash

Kriogenmash Scientific Production Association (Russian: НПО «Криогенмаш») is a company based in Balashikha, Russia. It was involved in the manufacturing of cryogenic fuel components in Soviet and Russian missiles, from the R-1 missile to the Sea Launch project.

## History

In 1939, Petr Leonidovich Kapitsa developed a method of liquefying large quantities of oxygen using a relatively simple technique. In 1943 he was involved in the creation of "Glavkislorod" (main oxygen), which subsequently evolved into the Kriogenmash Scientific Production Association.
Kriogenmash consists of a design bureau and collocated production facility at Balashikha in Moscow Oblast that specializes in the design and production of equipment for the production of cryogenic gases. The bulk of this equipment is delivered to metallurgical plants throughout the former Soviet Union.
Kriogenmash has supplied cryogenic equipment to the Buran space program and to the Russian aviation industry. The cryogenic equipment for the Tokamak-15 thermonuclear complex was designed and built by Kriogenmash. An experimental complex designed to supply gas to villages located far from mainline piping is one of the Association's current projects. Kitchen sinks, thermos flasks, tableware and automobile exhausts are also among the products of the association.
# Supiri Andare

Supiri Andare (Sinhala: සුපිරි අන්දරේ) is a 2014 Sri Lankan Sinhala comedy film directed by Michel Fonseka and co-produced by Krishan Dilipa Perera and Placidus I. Fernando for KPL Baiscope Films. It stars Tennyson Cooray, Sanoja Bibile, and Rodney Warnakula in lead roles along with Wimal Kumara de Costa, Tissa Wijesurendra and Dayasiri Hettiarachchi. It is the 1205th Sri Lankan film in the Sinhala cinema. This film is the acting debut for Lakshika Jayawardana.

## Cast

* Tennyson Cooray as Gulliver / Andare
* Sanoja Bibile as Juhi Chawla
* Rodney Warnakula as Salman Khan
* Lakshika Jayawardana as Madhuri Dixit
* Tissa Wijesurendra as Shahrukh Khan
* Wimal Kumara de Costa as Baby
* Devinda Marcus
* Dayasiri Hettiarachchi
# Väinö Linna Square

The Väinö Linna Square (Finnish: Väinö Linnan aukio) is a courtyard-type square at the Finlayson's old factory area in Tampere, Finland. It is part of the Tammerkoski rapids' industrial landscape, which in 2009 was classified by the Finnish Heritage Agency as a nationally significant built cultural environment. Today, the buildings surrounding the square include the Werstas Labour Museum [fi] and Mehiläinen Private Hospital. The oldest building in the square is the six-storey old factory called Kuusivooninkinen (1837), which was Finland's first modern factory building. In 1995, the square was named after Väinö Linna. Linna, who was later known as a very significant writer, had formerly worked in that building for a couple of years, before his conscription into the army in 1940.
Finlayson's textile production in the area ended in the mid-1990s, after which renovation of the buildings began. The Väinö Linna Square was renovated in 2005. At the same time, a new hospital was completed on its edge, on the site of a demolished factory building, and The Portrait of Väinö Linna (1995) was placed on the outer wall; the granite statue is one of the latest works by sculptor Raimo Heino.
# Karabash (inhabited locality)

Karabash (Russian: Карабаш) is the name of several inhabited localities in Russia.

## Modern localities
### Urban localities

* Karabash, Chelyabinsk Oblast, a town in Chelyabinsk Oblast; 55°29′N 60°12′E﻿ / ﻿55.483°N 60.200°E﻿ / 55.483; 60.200
* Karabash, Republic of Tatarstan, an urban-type settlement in Bugulminsky District of the Republic of Tatarstan

### Rural localities

* Karabash, Tyumen Oblast, a selo in Karabashsky Rural Okrug of Yalutorovsky District in Tyumen Oblast

## Alternative names

* Karabash, alternative name of Karabashevo, a selo in Karabashevsky Selsoviet of Ilishevsky District in the Republic of Bashkortostan; 55°23′N 54°11′E﻿ / ﻿55.383°N 54.183°E﻿ / 55.383; 54.183