OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Osborne, New South Wales

Osborne is a village community in the central east part of the Riverina. It is situated by road, about 15 kilometres south from Lockhart and 19 kilometres (12 mi) west from Woodend.
Gumholes Post Office opened on 1 September 1900, was renamed Osborne in 1902 and closed in 1951.

## Sport and Recreation

The Osborne Football Club was first established in 1900 as the Napier South FC. The new community around Gum Holes Creek came together and organised a social game of football against Lockhart. This team was called ‘Napier South’ and were affectionally known as "The Gumholes". The game was played on some cleared land on Fraser's farm near the present day Uniting Church. Even though Napier South only scored one goal, they thought it was a good attempt against a regular team from Lockhart.
In 1915 the Gum Holes School was granted a change in name to Osborne, so when the football club reformed in 1919, after the war, it became Osborne Football Club.

### Football Competitions

* Napier South FC (1901–1918)
** 1901 & 1902: Line Association. Premiers – 1902
** 1903: Drought. Club in recess.
** 1904: Milbrulong Football Association. Premiers – 1904
** 1905–1913: Lockhart Football Association. Premiers – 1905, 1908, 1911.
** 1906: Greengunyah Football Association
** 1914–1918: Club in recess due to World War One.
* Osborne FC (1919–2024)
** 1919–1920: Urageline Football Association. Premiers – 1919
** 1922: Pleasant Hills & District Football Association. Premiers – 1922
** 1923–1926: Urageline Football Association. Premiers – 1923, 1924, 1925, 1926.
** 1927 & 1928: Osborne & District Football Association. Premiers – 1927. Runners Up – 1928.
** 1929 - Lockhart & District Lines Football Association. Premiers – 1929
** 1930–1939: The Rock & District Football Association. Premiers – 1937, 1938 – Drawn grand final, 1938 - Grand final replay
** 1940: Lockhart & District Football Association. Premiers – 1940.
** 1941–1944: Club in recess due to World War Two.
** 1945–1948: Milbrulong & District Football League. Runners Up – 1945, 1946, 1947.
** 1949–1969: Central Riverina Football League. Premiers – 1950, 1957, 1958, 1961. Runners Up – 1951, 1955.
** 1970–2024: Hume Football League. Premiers – 1985, 1991, 1992, 1994, 1995, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2005, 2006, 2009, 2012, 2017, 2019, 2023, 2024. Runners Up – 1993, 1997, 2002, 2004, 2007, 2008, 2023, 2024.

## Links

* Osborne Football / Netball Club
* Hume Football League
* Australian rules football in New South Wales
# Persquen

Persquen (French pronunciation:; Breton: Persken) is a commune in the Morbihan department of Brittany in north-western France. Inhabitants of Persquen are called in French Persquennois.

## Geography

Persquen is located south of Guémené-sur-Scorff. The river Scorff forms part of the commune's northern border. Historically, the village belongs to Vannetais and Pays Pourlet.
# Plerguer

Plerguer (French pronunciation:; Breton: Plergar) is a commune in the Ille-et-Vilaine department of Brittany in northwestern France.

## Population

Inhabitants of Plerguer are called in French Plerguerrois.
# Balasagun

Balasagun (Kyrgyz: Баласагун or Баласагын Balasagyn; Chinese: 八剌沙袞) was an ancient Sogdian city in modern-day Kyrgyzstan, located in the Chüy Valley between Bishkek and the Issyk-Kul lake. Located along the Silk Road, the ruins of the city were inscribed in 2014 on the UNESCO World Heritage List as part of the Silk Roads: the Routes Network of Chang'an-Tianshan Corridor World Heritage Site.
Balasagun was founded by the Sogdians, a people of Iranian origin and the Sogdian language was still in use in this town until the 11th century.
It was the capital of the Kara-Khanid Khanate from the 10th century until it was taken by the Qara Khitai (Western Liao dynasty) in 1134. It was then captured by the Mongols in 1218. The Mongols called it Gobalik "Pretty City". It should not be confused with Karabalghasun, now Ordu-Baliq in Mongolia, which was the capital of the Uyghur Khaganate.
Founded by the Kara-Khanid Khanate in the ninth century, Balasagun soon supplanted Suyab as the main political and economical centre of the Chüy Valley; its prosperity declined after the Mongol conquest. The poet Yūsuf Balasaguni, known for writing the Kutadgu Bilig, is thought to have been born in Balasagun in the 11th century. The city also had a sizable Nestorian Christian population; one graveyard was still in use in the 14th century. Since the 14th century, Balasagun is a village with plenty of ruins 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) southeast of Tokmok.
The Burana zone, located at the edge of Tokmok and 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) from the present village of Balasagun, was the west end of the ancient city. It includes the Burana Tower and a field of stone petroglyphs, the Kurgan stelae. The Burana Tower is a minaret built in the 11th century on the ruins of the ancient city Balasagun. It is 24 metres (79 ft) in height, though when it was first built it topped 46 metres (151 ft). Several earthquakes through the centuries caused much damage, and the current building represents a major renovation carried out in the 1970s.
# Bais, Ille-et-Vilaine

Bais (French pronunciation:; Breton: Baez; Gallo: Baès) is a commune in the Ille-et-Vilaine department in Brittany in northwestern France. The writer Anne de Tourville (1910–2004), winner of the 1951 Prix Femina, was born in Bais.

## Population

Inhabitants of Bais are called Baiséens in French.

## Sights

Gallo-Roman remains have been discovered that date from the first century AD.
The church of Saint Mars was built primarily in the 16th century, with expansion in the 19th century. It is dedicated to Saint Mars, bishop of Nantes in the sixth century, who became a hermit in the neighboring village of Marsé.
# Abdul Mumuni

Abdul Ali Mumuni (born 25 August 1973) is a Ghanaian former footballer who played as a forward. He was the Ghanaian Premier League's top scorer while playing for Dawu Youngstars in the 1991–92 season. This was the first and only occasion Mumuni was the league's top scorer and the first time Dawu Youngstars had had the league's top scorer. Mumuni was also capped once for Ghana.

## Career
### Dawu Youngstars

Mumuni joined the club in the 1990–91 season, winning the top-scorer award in his second and last season with the club. Since Mumuni's departure from the club, Dawu have only had one other player win the top-scorer award, namely Oscar Laud in 1993–94.

### Hearts of Oak

Mumuni signed for Hearts of Oak in 1994–95. He spent two years at the Accra-based club before deciding to move to Europe to further his career. Mumuni's only cap for the Ghanaian football team came in 1995, while he was playing for Hearts of Oak.

### Umea FC

Swedish club Umeå FC, only formed in 1987, was Mumuni's first European club. He spent four years at the club, joining in 1996, the year Umea reached the Allsvenskan, Sweden's top-flight, for the only time in their history. However, Mumuni tore his anterior cruciate ligament in March 1996 during pre-season and was injured for the whole season. Umea were relegated in that season and spent the rest of Mumuni's spell at the club in the Division 1 Norra, finishing third, second and seventh from 1997 to 1999. Among Mumuni's teammates at Umea were defender Erik Sandvärn and fellow Ghanaian, Shamo Quaye, a midfielder who also played for Hearts of Oak and Ghana.
Mumuni returned to Umea in September 2005 to play in an exhibition match against Fotbollgymnasiet to celebrate the opening of the club's Sports and Exhibition Centre. The Umea side consisted of players who had won promotion in 1996, with the players picked by Jorgen Sundberg, Umea's most-capped player.

### Ersboda SK

Ersboda SK were Mumuni's final club and he joined in 2002 at the age of 29. In late 2002 he scored the winner in a 2–1 victory against Frösö IF U-19. Ersboda were playing in the Swedish Division Four at the time, but with Mumuni's help were promoted to the third division after winning the league in 2003. In 2004, Mumuni's final season with Ersboda and in football, he scored five times in 12 games, to help Ersboda to an impressive third-place finish in the club's first season in the third division.

## Honours

* 1991–92 Ghanaian Premier League top scorer (with Dawu Youngstars)
* 1995–96 Ghanaian FA Cup winners (with Accra Hearts of Oak SC)
* 1998 Division 1 Norra runners-up (with Umea FC)
* 2003 Swedish Division Four winners (with Ersboda SK)
# Janikhel

Janikhel (Pashto: جاني‌خېل), also spelled Jani Khel or Zonikhel (ځوني‌خېل) is a town and union council in the Bannu District of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. It is located at 32°47'55N 70°30'23E and has an elevation of 336 metres (1105 feet).

## Janikhel protest

On 21 March 2021, mutilated corpses of four teenage boys were found in the Seentanga area of Janikhel. The locals protested for a week against the killings along with the dead bodies, which was followed by a planned long march from Janikhel to Peshawar and Islamabad. The protesters complained that several military operations were carried out against militants in the region, yet kidnappings and targeted killings frequently occurred. Their main demands were:
* A government guarantee that the Taliban and other militants would not be permitted to operate in the area
* Lodging of an FIR against the security official in whose jurisdiction the murders took place
On 29 March, as the protesters had reached Domel in Bannu, the long march was postponed after an agreement was signed with them by Mahmood Khan, the Chief Minister of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. On 31 May, Malik Naseeb Khan, a tribal chief of Janikhel, was shot dead by militants, which sparked another wave of protest along with the dead body of the slain chieftain. On 23 June, a protester named Wahid Khan was shot dead and several others were injured as the police blocked the protesters from marching towards Islamabad. On 27 June, the tribesmen postponed the protest again after the authorities released four missing men from Janikhel who had been victims of enforced disappearance.
# Mehdiabad, Azadshahr

Mehdiabad (Persian: مهدي آباد, also Romanized as Mehdīābād and Mahdīābād) is a village in Cheshmeh Saran Rural District, Cheshmeh Saran District, Azadshahr County, Golestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 127, in 37 families.
# Hoeffding's lemma

In probability theory, Hoeffding's lemma is an inequality that bounds the moment-generating function of any bounded random variable, implying that such variables are subgaussian. It is named after the Finnish–American mathematical statistician Wassily Hoeffding.
The proof of Hoeffding's lemma uses Taylor's theorem and Jensen's inequality. Hoeffding's lemma is itself used in the proof of Hoeffding's inequality as well as the generalization McDiarmid's inequality.

## Statement of the lemma

Let X be any real-valued random variable such that $a\leq X\leq b$ almost surely, i.e. with probability one. Then, for all $\lambda \in \mathbb {R}$,
    $\mathbb {E} \left[e^{\lambda X}\right]\leq \exp {\Big\lambda \mathbb {E} [X]+{\frac {\lambda ^{2}(b-a)^{2}}{8}}{\Big )},$
or equivalently,
    $\mathbb {E} \left[e^{\lambda (X-\mathbb {E} [X])}\right]\leq \exp {\Big{\frac {\lambda ^{2}(b-a)^{2}}{8}}{\Big )}.$

## Proof

The following proof is direct but somewhat ad-hoc. Another proof uses exponential tilting;$^{:Lemma2.2}$ proofs with a slightly worse constant are also available using symmetrization.
Without loss of generality, by replacing $X$ by $X-\mathbb {E} [X]$, we can assume $\mathbb {E} [X]=0$, so that $a\leq 0\leq b$.
Since $e^{\lambda x}$ is a convex function of $x$, we have that for all $x\in [a,b]$,
    $e^{\lambda x}\leq {\frac {b-x}{b-a}}e^{\lambda a}+{\frac {x-a}{b-a}}e^{\lambda b}$
So,
    ${\begin{aligned}\mathbb {E} \left[e^{\lambda X}\right]&\leq {\frac {b-\mathbb {E} [X]}{b-a}}e^{\lambda a}+{\frac {\mathbb {E} [X]-a}{b-a}}e^{\lambda b}\\&={\frac {b}{b-a}}e^{\lambda a}+{\frac {-a}{b-a}}e^{\lambda b}\\&=e^{L(\lambda (b-a))},\end{aligned}}$
where $L(h)={\frac {ha}{b-a}}+\ln(1+{\frac {a-e^{h}a}{b-a}})$. By computing derivatives, we find
    $L(0)=L'(0)=0$ and $L''(h)=-{\frac {abe^{h}}{(b-ae^{h})^{2}}}$.
From the AMGM inequality we thus see that $L''(h)\leq {\frac {1}{4}}$ for all $h$, and thus, from Taylor's theorem, there is some $0\leq \theta \leq 1$ such that
    $L(h)=L(0)+hL'(0)+{\frac {1}{2}}h^{2}L''(h\theta )\leq {\frac {1}{8}}h^{2}.$
Thus, $\mathbb {E} \left[e^{\lambda X}\right]\leq e^{{\frac {1}{8}}\lambda ^{2}(b-a)^{2}}$.
# Arto Melleri

Arto Matti Vihtori Melleri (7 September 1956 in Lappajärvi – 13 May 2005 in Helsinki) was a Finnish poet and writer. Melleri gained fame with the play, Pete Q, in the 1970s. He studied at the Theatre Academy of Helsinki between 1976 - 1980. He was granted an artist's Finnish state pension in 2003.
Melleri was a diverse writer; his output consisted of poetry, collections of short stories, plays, a film script and an opera libretto.
Melleri was an archetype of a Finnish bohemian poet. He was hit by a motorist in 1998, causing him brain damage which eventually led to his death. Melleri was married to Nadja Pyykkö.
Tahvo Hirvonen made a 2003 documentary film about Arto Melleri, called Wanderer of a Lonely Star.
# Volter Kilpi

Volter Kilpi, born Volter Ericsson, (December 12, 1874 – June 13, 1939) was a Finnish author best known for his two-volume novel Alastalon salissa (1933), often considered one of the best written in the Finnish language. Kilpi has been considered an exponent of the modern experimental novel.

## Early life

Kilpi was born and brought up in Kustavi, in Finland's western archipelago, and attended a private Finnish-language grammar school in Turku. He was the older brother of stage and film actor Eero Kilpi. An avid reader, he studied at the University of Helsinki. He worked for more than twenty years at the University of Helsinki Library and other libraries in Helsinki before moving to Turku, where he became first a librarian at that city's municipal library, later, in November 1920, the first librarian of Turku's Finnish-language university. Kilpi's most important literary work was written during his years in Turku, near his family roots.

## Literary career

Kilpi was still a student when he wrote his first novel, Bathseba: Daavidin puheluja itsensä kanssa (Bathseba: David's Conversations with Himself, 1900). It was awarded the Finnish State Prize for Literature. That same year he also published a collection of incidental pieces, including an effusive celebration of Aleksis Kivi, titled Ihmisestä ja elämästä: Kirjoitelmia (Of Man and Life: Writings). His second novel, Parsifal: Kertomus Graalin ritarista (Parsifal: Tale of a Grail Knight), was published two years later, in 1902. After his third novel, Antinous (1903), he did not publish anything for almost 20 years. In second phase of his career, during the years of Finland's declaration of independence and the Finnish Civil War, he published two books on political themes. In the third phase of his career, Kilpi returned to fiction. Kilpi's most famous work, Alastalon salissa (In the Alastalo Parlor, 1933), was the first of the Archipelago trilogy.
Alastalon salissa is a 900-page two-volume novel whose time-span covers a mere six hours of an October Thursday in 1866, and whose setting is the roughly fifty square meters of the Alastalo parlor, as the richest men in Kustavi haggle over investing in the building of a barque. The surroundings are familiar to Kilpi from his childhood, as his father and father's step-father were shipowners, and his relatives had played a key role in the development of Kustavi into an important home port for sailing ships.
The second and third volumes of the Archipelago series, Pitäjän pienempiä (The County's Littler Ones, short stories) and Kirkolle (To the Church Village, a novel), appeared in 1934 and 1937; they were followed by the collection of "swelling prose" Suljetuilla porteilla (At Closed Gates) in 1938. In 1938 he also began his final novel, Gulliverin matka Fantomimian mantereelle, translated by Douglas Robinson as Gulliver's Voyage to Phantomimia; it remained unfinished at his death in Turku, and was published posthumously by his literary executor in 1944.
# Ephraïm Inoni

Ephraïm Inoni (born 16 August 1947) is a Cameroonian politician who was Prime Minister of Cameroon from 2004 to 2009. He was a long-time aide of President Paul Biya and is a member of the ruling Cameroon People's Democratic Movement (RDPC). He was appointed to the position of Prime Minister by Biya on December 8, 2004 and was sworn in that day.

## Career

Inoni is an Anglophone and a member of the Bakweri ethnic group. He was born in the village of Bakingili, near Limbé, in the Southwest Region of Cameroon. He was Municipal Treasurer of Douala from 1981 to 1982, then treasurer of the Cameroonian Embassy to the United States from 1982 to 1984 and Director of Account Balancing at the Ministry of Finance from 1984 to 1988. He was later named Secretary of State for Finances on April 9, 1992, and then Deputy Secretary General to the Presidency on November 27, 1992, serving in the latter position until his appointment as prime minister in December 2004.
Inoni is a member of the Central Committee of the RDPC. He was part of the campaign team for Biya's election campaign in the 2004 presidential election and was the president of the campaign's support committee in the Southwest Province.
Biya dismissed Inoni from his post as prime minister on June 30, 2009, appointing another anglophone, Philémon Yang, to replace him. The reshuffle was the largest shakeup since Inoni's own appointment as Prime Minister. President Biya stated on state radio that twelve ministers were sacked (including Inoni and the defence minister), six joined and three changed places. It is thought that public anger over rising food prices and the high level of government corruption in conjunction with Biya's attempts to shore up support for the next presidential election led to the sacking, while Inoni had been in the midst of securing $140 million in aid from the International Monetary Fund, although an official explanation was not given.
Suspected of corruption during his time in office, Inoni was arrested on 16 April 2012. This arrest came as part of Operation Epevier (sparrow hawk), an anti-corruption campaign launched by President Paul Biya in 2004. This arrest was in connection with Operation Albatross, over the purchase at great expense in 2003 of the presidential aircraft, which turned out to have serious flaws on its maiden flight with the presidential couple from the Douala International airport to Paris in 2004. He was one of a number of high-level officials arrested during the course of a crackdown on corruption.
Ephraim Inoni has been under interrogation behind closed doors by examining magistrates as part of the judicial process in the case popularly known in Cameroon as the "Albatross Affair". He was placed under pre-trial detention by the Mfoundi High Court in Yaounde. As of June 2024 at least, Mr. Ephraïm Inoni's whereabouts are currently unknown.
An early biographical sketch is given in Njeuma 1999
# Ilkka Remes

Petri Pykälä (born 13 December 1962), commonly known by his pseudonym Ilkka Remes, is a Finnish author of thrillers for adults and for young adults. Remes was born in Luumäki. He has stated he uses a pseudonym because he does not want to be considered only a thriller writer, and wants to be able to write other genres of books in the future.
Remes lives in Belgium with his wife and two children. He received the Kalevi Jäntti Literature Award in 1997, the Clue of the Year Award from the Finnish Detective Novel Society in 1999 and the Olvi Foundation Literature Award in 1999.
The Finnish Minister for Foreign Affairs Erkki Tuomioja commented on Remes' book Ruttokellot on his homepage in January 2001. His review on the book was rather negative and he found it troubling that so many of the antagonists in Remes' books were of Russian origin. (see Russophobia).

## Adult literature

Remes has written 25 thrillers which have enjoyed significant domestic popularity. The names in parentheses are direct translations.
* Pääkallokehrääjä (1997) ("Death's-head Moth")
* Karjalan lunnaat (1998) ("Ransom of Karelia")
* Pedon syleily (1999) ("The Beast's Embrace")
* Ruttokellot (2000) ("The Plague Bells")
* Uhrilento (2001) ("The Sacrificial Flight")
* Itäveri (2002) ("Eastern Blood")
* Ikiyö (2003) ("The Perpetual Night")
* Hiroshiman portti (2004) ("The Gate of Hiroshima")
* Nimessä ja veressä (2005) ("In the Name and Blood")
* 6/12 (2006) (referring to 6 December, the Independence Day of Finland)
* Pahan perimä ("The Genes of Evil") (2007)
* Pyörre ("Vortex") (2008)
* Isku Ytimeen ("A Strike to the Core") (2009)
* Shokkiaalto ("Shockwave") (2010)
* Teräsleijona ("Steel Lion") (2011)
* Ylösnousemus ("Resurrection") (2012)
* Omertan liitto ("The Omerta Union") (2013)
* Horna ("Inferno") (2014)
* Jäätyvä Helvetti ("Freezing Hell")(2015)
* Kiirastuli ("Purgatory")(2016)
* Vapauden risti ("The Cross of Freedom")(2017)
* Perikato ("Destruction")(2018)
* Kremlin Nyrkki ("The Fist of Kremlin")(2019)
* Kotkanpesä ("The Eagle's Nest")(2020)
* Lohikäärmeen isku ("The Strike of a Dragon")(2021)
Of the above, Ruttokellot ("Blutglocke"), Ikiyö ("Ewige Nacht"), Hiroshiman portti ("Das Hiroshima-Tor"), Nimessä ja veressä ("Höllensturz"), 6/12 ("Die Geiseln") and Pahan perimä, ("Das Erbe des Bösen") have been translated into German.

## Young adult literature

Remes has written eight thrillers for young adults, some of which has been translated to English.
* Piraatit (2003) ("Pirates", released as "Operation Ocean Emerald")
* Musta Kobra (2004) ("Black Cobra", released as "Operation Black Cobra")
* Pimeän pyöveli (2005) ("Executioner of Darkness")
* Kirottu koodi (2006) ("Cursed Code", released as "Operation Code Breaker")
* Hermes (2007)
* Draculan Ratsu (2008) ("Dracula's Steed")
* Operaatio Solaris (2009) ("Operation Solaris")
* Riskiraja (2010) ("Risk Limit")