OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Zavarak

Zavarak (Persian: زوارك) may refer to:
* Zavarak, Amol, Mazandaran Province
* Zavarak, Babol, Mazandaran Province
* Zavarak, Qazvin
# Għallis Tower

Għallis Tower (Maltese: Torri tal-Għallis), originally known as Torre delle Saline, is a small watchtower in Salina, limits of Naxxar, Malta. It was completed in 1658 as the second of the De Redin towers. Today, the tower is in fair condition.

## History

Għallis Tower was built in 1658 on the eastern shore of Għallis Point (Maltese: Ras l-Għallis), commanding the entrance to Salina Bay along with Qawra Tower, one of the Lascaris towers. The tower was built on or near the site of a medieval watch post. It follows the standard design of the De Redin towers, having a square plan with two floors and a turret on the roof. The external wall is made of upper coralline limestone which is weather resistant whilst the inner wall is made of the softer globigerina limestone. It originally had a garrison consisting of a bombardier and three gunners, who manned a three-pounder iron cannon.
During the British period, Għallis Tower was modified by opening a doorway at ground level and the insertion of roof slabs.
On 9 March 1955, the corpse of Toninu Aquilina, a 35-year-old employee of the Malta Millers Association, was found inside the tower's well. Aquilina had gone missing in Valletta on 24 February whilst carrying a large sum of cash and cheques from his workplace to a bank, and the 31-year-old cashier George Terreni was later convicted of his murder.

## Present day

By the 1990s, Għallis Tower was in a state of disrepair, with parts of its exterior being covered with plaster and cement, and many weeds growing around it. The interior was also damaged due to soot from the many fires lit inside the tower.
Din l-Art Ħelwa restored the tower between 1995 and 1996, and much of the stonework had to be replaced. Today, it is still under the control of Din l-Art Ħelwa and is in good condition. It is open to the public by appointment.
In 2015, an LED lighting system was installed at Għallis Tower. Since the tower is off Malta's electricity grid, the energy was provided by solar panels installed on the tower's roof.
# John W. Donaldson

John W. Donaldson (1924–2008) was a brigadier general in the United States Army. He served in World War II, the Korean War and the Vietnam War.
In the wake of the My Lai massacre conducted by units under the 11th Infantry Brigade that he commanded, Donaldson was criticized by several subordinates privately, including a letter sent by a Specialist Tom Glenn in November 1968 to William Westmoreland alleging that routine war crimes were standard operating procedures under Donaldson.
On 2 June 1971, Donaldson was charged with the murder of six South Vietnamese civilians during operations in November 1968-January 1969 while conducting aerial reconnaissance in Quảng Ngãi Province. A colonel at the time of the alleged crimes, he was the first U.S. general charged with war crimes since General Jacob H. Smith in 1902 and the highest ranking American to be accused of war crimes during the Vietnam War. Helicopter pilots had alleged that Donaldson routinely fired upon civilians. According to a senior Army investigator for the Donaldson case, "they [Colonel Donaldson] used to bet in the morning how many people they could kill – old people, civilians, it didn’t matter," the investigator said. "Some of the stuff would curl your hair." The charges against Donaldson were dropped for lack of evidence.
Donaldson later retired from the Army in good standing and died on August 13, 2008, at the age of 84.
# C/1980 E1 (Bowell)

C/1980 E1 is a non-periodic comet discovered by Edward L. G. Bowell on 11 February 1980 and which came closest to the Sun (perihelion) in March 1982. It is leaving the Solar System on a hyperbolic trajectory due to a close approach to Jupiter. In the 43 years since its discovery only two objects with higher eccentricities have been identified, 1I/ʻOumuamua (1.2) and 2I/Borisov (3.35).

## Overview

Before entering the inner Solar System for a 1982 perihelion passage, C/1980 E1 had a barycentric (epoch 1950-Jan-01) orbit with an aphelion of 75,000 AU (1.2 ly), and a period of approximately 7.1 million years.
As the comet was approaching on 9 December 1980, it passed within 0.228 AU of Jupiter, which accelerated the comet briefly giving an (epoch 1981-Jan-09) eccentricity of 1.066. The comet came to perihelion on 12 March 1982, when it had a velocity of 23.3 km/s (52,000 mph) with respect to the Sun. Since the epoch of 1977-Mar-04, C/1980 E1 has had a barycentric eccentricity greater than 1, keeping it on a hyperbolic trajectory that will eject it from the Solar System. Objects in hyperbolic orbits have a negative semimajor axis, giving them a positive orbital energy. After leaving the Solar System, C/1980 E1 will have an interstellar velocity ($v_{\infty }$) of 3.77 km/s. The Minor Planet Center does not directly list a semimajor axis for this comet. On 24 January 2022, C/2024 L5 (ATLAS) had a similar episode with Saturn, resulting in its ejection from the Solar System.
The escape velocity from the Sun at Neptune's orbit is 7.7 km/s. By June 1995, the comet was passing Neptune's orbit at 30.1 AU from the Sun continuing its ejection trajectory at 8.6 km/s. Since February 2008, the comet has been more than 50 AU from the Sun.
C/1980 E1 distance and velocity compared to the Sun with a 300 year stepsize :
| Date | Sun distance (AU) | Velocity wrt Sun (km/s) | Uncertainty region (3-sigma) |
| 1682-03-12 | 248.8 AU (37.22 billion km; 23.13 billion mi) | 2.68 | ± 7 million km |
| Perihelion | 3.364 AU (503.2 million km; 312.7 million mi) | 23.3 | ± 1589 km |
| 2282-03-12 | 337.2 AU (50.44 billion km; 31.34 billion mi) | 4.43 | ± 5 million km |
Emission of OH (hydroxide) was observed pre-perihelion while the comet was nearly 5 AU from the Sun. CN (cyanide) was not detected until the comet was near perihelion. The comet nucleus was estimated to have a radius of several kilometers. The surface crust was probably a few meters thick.
# Remontnoye

Remontnoye (Russian: Ремонтное) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative center of Remontnensky District, Rostov Oblast, Russia. Population: 7,198 (2010 Census); 7,385 (2002 Census); 7,665 (1989 Soviet census).

## Climate

Climate data for Remontnoye (extremes 1948-present) :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 14.2 (57.6) | 17.9 (64.2) | 23.5 (74.3) | 31.5 (88.7) | 37.9 (100.2) | 41.1 (106.0) | 43.2 (109.8) | 41.7 (107.1) | 39.3 (102.7) | 33.8 (92.8) | 23.9 (75.0) | 17.0 (62.6) | 43.2 (109.8) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | −0.4 (31.3) | 0.9 (33.6) | 7.9 (46.2) | 16.9 (62.4) | 23.9 (75.0) | 29.5 (85.1) | 32.4 (90.3) | 31.7 (89.1) | 24.6 (76.3) | 16.1 (61.0) | 6.5 (43.7) | 1.2 (34.2) | 15.9 (60.7) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −3.6 (25.5) | −3.0 (26.6) | 2.7 (36.9) | 10.3 (50.5) | 16.9 (62.4) | 22.2 (72.0) | 24.9 (76.8) | 23.9 (75.0) | 17.2 (63.0) | 10.1 (50.2) | 2.6 (36.7) | −1.9 (28.6) | 10.2 (50.4) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −6.2 (20.8) | −6.1 (21.0) | −1.1 (30.0) | 4.5 (40.1) | 10.5 (50.9) | 15.2 (59.4) | 17.5 (63.5) | 16.2 (61.2) | 10.8 (51.4) | 5.3 (41.5) | −0.5 (31.1) | −4.5 (23.9) | 5.1 (41.2) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −35.0 (−31.0) | −36.1 (−33.0) | −26.7 (−16.1) | −10.5 (13.1) | −5.0 (23.0) | 2.4 (36.3) | 7.9 (46.2) | 4.1 (39.4) | −5.6 (21.9) | −18.4 (−1.1) | −32.2 (−26.0) | −28.9 (−20.0) | −36.1 (−33.0) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 29.1 (1.15) | 26.9 (1.06) | 33.4 (1.31) | 28.3 (1.11) | 50.4 (1.98) | 48.8 (1.92) | 39.9 (1.57) | 25.9 (1.02) | 36.5 (1.44) | 32.7 (1.29) | 31.9 (1.26) | 31.9 (1.26) | 415.7 (16.37) |
| Source: pogoda.ru.net ||||||||||||||
# Tours-en-Savoie

Tours-en-Savoie (French pronunciation:; Arpitan: Tornon) is a commune in the Savoie department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region in south-eastern France.
# Ularbek Baitailaq

Ularbek Baitailaq (Kazakh: Ұларбек Байтайлақ, Ūlarbek Baitailaq) is a Kazakh archivist and journalist. He is an employee of the Kazakh National Archive, and has contributed articles to the opposition papers DAT and Altyn Tamyr. In early August 2012 he was assaulted by four assailants and hospitalized.
# Grigory Kotoshikhin

Grigory Karpovich Kotoshikhin (Russian: Григорий Карпович Котошихин) (c. 1630 – November 1667) was a Russian diplomat, podyachy of the Posolsky Prikaz, and writer.
In 1658–61, Grigory Kotoshikhin was one of those sent on a diplomatic mission to negotiate the Treaty of Valiesar and Treaty of Cardis with Sweden. In the spring of 1664, he was dispatched to see Prince Yakov Cherkassky and take charge of his army's clerical work. In August, however, Grigory Kotoshikhin defected to the Lithuanians and moved to Silesia. After that, he went to Stockholm via Narva and was admitted to the Swedish service. Kotoshikhin converted from Orthodoxy to Lutheran Protestantism and adopted the name Ivan-Alexander Selitsky. In the fall of 1667, he was executed at Stockholm for killing, while drunk, the owner of the house where he had been living.
Grigory Kotoshikhin authored a work called On Russia during the Reign of Alexey Mikhailovich, which represents a valuable source of history of the mid-17th century Tsardom of Russia. It was first published by Ja. Berednikov (St Petersburg, 1840); a modern diplomatic edition with extensive linguistic commentary was published in 1980 by Anne Pennington.
# Meritorious Service Medal (Vietnam)

The Meritorious Service Medal (Vietnamese: Vinh-Công Bội-Tinh) was a military decoration of South Vietnam that was awarded between the years of 1950 and 1974. Each of the three branches of the Republic of Vietnam Military Forces had its version of the Meritorious Service Medal. The medal was intended to recognize exceptionally important military achievement, both in combat and non-combat service, but did not warrant receipt of the higher decoration the Distinguished Service Order.

## Criteria

The Meritorious Service Medal was awarded, or posthumously awarded, to non-commissioned officers and enlisted personnel in the Republic of Vietnam Military Forces who, during their period of service met one of the following requirements:
* Cited or wounded many times in combat or in the line of duty.
* Accomplishing an exceptionally important achievement that reflects great credit on or is beneficial to the Republic of Vietnam Armed Forces in any field.
The Meritorious Service Medal could also be awarded to foreign non-commissioned officers and enlisted personnel for their meritorious service to the Republic of Vietnam.
# Årset

Årset may refer to:
* Årset, Ålesund, a village in Ålesund Municipality in Møre og Romsdal county, Norway
* Årset, Trøndelag, a village in Nærøysund Municipality in Trondelag county, Norway
* Årset, Vartdal, a farming area in Ørsta Municipality in Møre og Romsdal county, Norway
# Ahmad Khan

Ahmadkhan or Ahmad Khan (Persian: احمدخان) may refer to:
* Ahmadkhan, Lorestan, a village in Iran
* Ahmad Akbar Khan (born 1984), Australian born Pakistani footballer
* Sultan Ahmad Khan, 19th-century sultan of the Principality of Herat in Afghanistan
* Malak Ahmad Khan Yusufzai, Afghan ruler who founded Pakhtunkhwa in the 16th century
* Ahmad Khan Bangash, Nawab of Farrukhabad who commanded a division of the Afghan army in the Battle of Panipat
* Ahmad Shah I (r. 1411–1442), born Ahmad Khan, ruler of the Gujarat Sultanate in India; founded the city of Ahmedabad
* Ahmad Shah III (r. 1554–1561), born Ahmad Khan, ruler of the Gujarat Sultanate
# Tumachlar

Tumachlar (Persian: توماچلار or توماچلر) may refer to:
* Tumachlar, Jafarbay-ye Gharbi
* Tumachlar, Jafarbay-ye Sharqi
* Tumachlar-e Altin
# Batmönkhiin Erkhembayar

Batmönkhiin Erkhembayar (Mongolian: Батмөнхийн Эрхэмбаяр) is a Mongolian international footballer. He made his first appearance for the Mongolia national football team in 2013.

## International career
### International goals

    Scores and results list Mongolia's goal tally first.
| Goal | Date | Venue | Opponent | Score | Result | Competition |
| 1. | 12 March 2015 | National Stadium, Dili, East Timor | East Timor | 1–4 | 1–4 | 2018 FIFA World Cup qualification |
# Lautaro López

Lautaro Tomas López (born 8 January 1999) is an Argentine professional basketball player who plays for Slovak club Spišskí Rytieri.

## Playing career

In February 2018, López joined the Basketball Without Borders Global Camp in New Orleans, US.
López made his EuroLeague debut with Kirolbet Baskonia on 26 December 2019 in a 102–77 loss to Anadolu Efes, recording 2 assists in 3 minutes.
In May 2021, López signed a contract with Borac Čačak for the 2021 BLS playoffs. On 6 June, he signed a contract extension with Borac for the 2021–22 season.
For the 2022-23 season, he signed with Slovak club Spišskí Rytieri.

## National team career

López was a member of the Argentina U16 national team that won the bronze medal at the 2015 FIBA Americas Under-16 Championship in Bahía Blanca, Argentina. Over five tournament games, he averaged 17.8 points, 3.8 rebounds, and 2.8 assists per game. He was a member of the Argentina U17 team that finished 13th at the 2016 FIBA Under-17 World Championship in Zaragoza, Spain. Over seven tournament games, he averaged team-high 17.1 points, 6.7 rebounds, and 2.7 assists per game. López was a member of the Argentina U18 team that finished 5th at the 2016 FIBA Americas Under-18 Championship in Valdivia, Chile. Over five tournament games, he averaged 6.6 points, 2.4 rebounds, and 2.8 assists per game. He was a member of the Argentina U19 national team that finished 8th at the 2017 FIBA Under-19 Basketball World Cup in Cairo, Egypt. Over seven tournament games, he averaged 7.6 points, 4.3 rebounds, and 3.3 assists per game.
# Luigi Denza

Luigi Denza (24 February 1846 – 27 January 1922) was an Italian composer.

## Career

Denza was born at Castellammare di Stabia, near Naples. He studied music with Saverio Mercadante and Paolo Serrao at the Naples Conservatory. In 1884, he moved to London, taught singing privately and became a professor of singing at the Royal Academy of Music in 1898, where he taught for two decades. He died in London in 1922.

## Funiculì, Funiculà

Denza is best remembered for "Funiculì, Funiculà" (1880), a humorous Neapolitan song inspired by the inauguration of a funicular to the summit of Vesuvius. Neapolitan journalist Peppino Turco contributed the lyrics and may have prompted the song by suggesting that Denza compose something for the Piedigrotta song-writing competition. "Funiculì, Funiculà" was published the same year by Ricordi and within a year had sold a million copies.

## Other music

In addition to "Funiculì, Funiculà", Denza composed hundreds of popular songs. Some of them, such as "Luna fedel", "Occhi di fata", and "Se", have been sung by Enrico Caruso, Mario Lanza, Carlo Bergonzi, Luciano Pavarotti, and Ronan Tynan. He was also an able mandolinist and guitarist, and for those instruments he wrote "Ricordo di Quisisana", "Come to me", "Nocturne", and several others. Denza also wrote an opera, Wallenstein (1876).

## Judging of James Joyce

Other than writing songs and music, Denza's enduring legacy was his judging of James Joyce, who was a singer before he became a world-famous novelist.
When Denza was Professor of Music at the London Academy of Music, he was asked to judge the 1904 Feis Ceoil Irish Singing Contest, a prototype of today's musical reality shows. On 16 May 1904, Denza attempted to mentor Joyce, and would have awarded him the Gold Medal, but Joyce could not sight read, missing a crucial part of the competition; Denza instead awarded Joyce the third-place Bronze medal. Disgusted, Joyce gave the medal to his Aunt Josephine; the medal ended up years later being bought by Michael Flatley at an auction.
# Vyacheslav Kovneristov

Vyacheslav Petrovich Kovneristov (Russian: Вячеслав Петрович Ковнеристов; born 20 March 1973) is a former Russian professional footballer. He made his debut in the Russian Premier League in 1997 for FC KAMAZ-Chally Naberezhnye Chelny.
# Phono-Comb

Phono-Comb was a Canadian instrumental/modern surf rock group that formed in 1993 in Toronto.

## History

Phono-Comb first materialized when Shadowy Men on a Shadowy Planet played with Jad Fair when he was performing in Toronto to promote a film about his band Half Japanese. Shadowy Men were planning a hiatus around this time, and guitarist Brian Connelly opted out of the planned follow-up recording project (although he is credited as a co-songwriter on all the songs). Don Pyle and Reid Diamond invited Dallas Good of The Sadies to step in, and 'Jad Fair & Phono-Comb' was born. They recorded a single in 1995 and a full-length album, Monsters, Lullabies...and the Occasional Flying Saucer in 1996. After this recording, Fair returned to his solo career, and the remaining trio recorded an instrumental single. In 1996, they added Beverly Breckenridge (of Fifth Column) on bass, and Reid Diamond switched over to guitar. As a quartet, they recorded a CD, Fresh Gasoline with Steve Albini producing. The band toured throughout North America and one of their songs was featured on the soundtrack of the documentary film Pitch. Reid Diamond died of cancer in February 2001. Dallas Good died from a heart condition in February 2022.

## Members

Jad Fair & Phono-Comb:
* Jad Fair - vocals
* Dallas Good - guitar, also with The Sadies
* Don Pyle - drums, formerly with Shadowy Men on a Shadowy Planet
* Reid Diamond - bass, formerly with Shadowy Men on a Shadowy Planet
Phono-Comb:
* Dallas Good - guitar
* Don Pyle - drums
* Reid Diamond - bass, switching to guitar when Beverly Breckenridge joined the band.
* Beverly Breckenridge - bass, formerly with Fifth Column

## Discography

Jad Fair & Phono-Comb:
* 1995 In A Haunted House 7" Derivative Records
* 1996 Monsters, Lullabies...and the Occasional Flying Saucer, CD, Shake the Record
Phono-Comb:
* 1996 The Crass And The Switchblade 7" Touch & Go/Quarterstick
* 1996 Fresh Gasoline, Touch & Go/Quarterstick
# Islamic Organisation "Young Afghanistan"

Islamic Organisation "Young Afghanistan" (Persian: سازمان اسلامی افغانستان جوان) is a political party in Afghanistan, led by Seyyed Jawad Hossaini. The party has formed part of the Advisory Commission of National and Democratic Parties and the National Understanding Front of Afghanistan.
# Lord Eustace Cecil

Lord Eustace Brownlow Henry (Gascoyne-) Cecil (24 April 1834 – 3 July 1921) was a British, Conservative Party politician.
Cecil was the youngest son of James Gascoyne-Cecil, 2nd Marquess of Salisbury by his first wife Frances Gascoyne and was educated at Harrow and the Royal Military College, Sandhurst. He served with the 43rd Light Infantry and with the Coldstream Guards in the Crimean War from 1855 to 1856, rose to the rank of lieutenant colonel in 1861 and retired from the army in 1863.
In 1874, Conservative Prime Minister Benjamin D'Israeli appointed Cecil to be the second Surveyor General of the Ordnance, the Secretary of State's principal civilian adviser.
On 18 September 1860, he had married Lady Gertrude Scott (the fourth daughter of John Scott, 2nd Earl of Eldon) and they had three children: Evelyn, later 1st Baron Rockley (1865–1941), Algernon (1879–1953) and Blanche Louise (1872–1945).
His book entitled Impressions of Life at Home and Abroad was published in 1865 by Hurst and Blackett of 13 Great Marlborough Street London. The book was a collection of papers which originally appeared in the St. James's Medley. Lord Eustace was concerned with the "Moral and material improvement of the vagabond population frequenting our large cities." The book describes midnight life in London as well as in New York. He also gives a comparison and description of prison discipline in French and English gaols. The book also includes accounts of "A Fortnight in Hayti" and "A Ride in Barbary".
Lord Cecil first purchased a large area of land at Lytchett Heath in 1874 and built a residence, Lytchett Heath House, there in 1875. He then built St Aldhelm's church in 1898 at his sole expense to be used as a private church and to commemorate the Diamond Jubilee of Queen Victoria. It was designed by George Crickmay and dedicated by the Bishop of Salisbury, the Right Rev. John Wordsworth, on 31 May 1898.
# Cocked Hat Island

Cocked Hat Island, located off the eastern coast of Ellesmere Island, is a part of the Qikiqtaaluk Region of the Canadian territory of Nunavut. The island is located within the Arctic Archipelago, and is a part of the Queen Elizabeth Islands.
Cocked Hat Island, shaped like a cocked hat, is located 6 km (3.7 mi) north northwest from Pim Island.

## History

Adolphus Greely's Lady Franklin Bay Expedition tried to land on Cocked Hat Island in 1883 after spending two months moving southward from their Fort Conger site. Because of ice and wind, they were pushed to Cape Sabine 6 km (3.7 mi) further south on nearby Pim Island.
# Matin Karimzadeh

Matin Karimzadeh (Persian: متین کریم‌زاده; born 30 June 1998) is an Iranian professional footballer who plays as a left-back for Iranian club Nassaji Mazandaran in the Persian Gulf Pro League.
# Telémaco Susini

Telémaco Susini (January 27, 1856 – June 1, 1936) was an Argentinian physician.

## Educational training

He studied medicine at the University of Buenos Aires . Deeply anticlerical, as a university student he led the fire at the Colegio del Salvador in 1875. During the course of his studies he felt a permanent inclination towards all knowledge of human anatomy, more precisely the structures of organs and their diseases, that is to say , pathology. Thus, his doctoral thesis De él Contribución al estudio del empacho was the beginning of a recognized and fruitful academic and teaching career.
He then traveled to Europe to perfect his knowledge. There, he was a disciple of Luis Pasteur and Robert Koch (founder of medical bacteriology and discoverer of the bacillus that causes tuberculosis ). These teachers were, at that time, in close competition for the achievement of a vaccine against malignant anthrax and prompted Susini to investigate cattle anthrax, the virulent and contagious disease of sheep, cattle and goats that can be transmitted to the species. human, a disease that turned out to be caused by the same pathogenic agent. In Europe, in addition, he specialized in otorhinolaryngology, and was, once back in Argentina, the first specialist in the country. He would later become a trainer of new specialists.

## Return to his country

In 1886, already back in Argentina, he was appointed director of Public Assistance. In this position, he not only improved and expanded hospital services, but also poured all his knowledge into comprehensive work on hygiene, health, and quality of life for the population, directing and supporting the expansion and creation of new hospital services, bringing him closer to people not only better medical care but also knowledge about the importance of hygiene and disease prevention.
In the academic field, in 1887 Susini was appointed full professor of the Chair of Pathological Studies, a task in which he would perform for thirty years. This chair eventually became the Institute of Pathological Anatomy, which is now called the Susini Institute. In addition, he created the Museum of Pathological Anatomy.
In 1918, he was one of the protagonists of the University Reform. President Hipólito Yrigoyen named him Comptroller of the University of Córdoba, with the support of the reformist students. However, strong opposition from conservative sectors forced him to resign almost immediately. His book "Social problems and the Catholic Church" was published in 1919 by the Agencia Sud-Americana de Libros (Buenos Aires).

## Family

His son, Enrique Telémaco Susini (1891-1972), was a noted pioneer in radio and film in Argentina.