OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Sphere of influence (black hole)

The sphere of influence is a region around a supermassive black hole in which the gravitational potential of the black hole dominates the gravitational potential of the host galaxy. The radius of the sphere of influence is called the "(gravitational) influence radius".
There are two definitions in common use for the radius of the sphere of influence. The first is given by $r_{h}={\frac {GM_{\text{BH}}}{\sigma ^{2}}}$ where M$_{BH}$ is the mass of the black hole, σ is the stellar velocity dispersion of the host bulge, and G is the gravitational constant.
The second definition is the radius at which the enclosed mass in stars equals twice M$_{BH}$, i.e. $M_{\star }(r<r_{h})=2M_{\text{BH}}.$
Which definition is most appropriate depends on the physical question that is being addressed. The first definition takes into account the bulge's overall effect on the motion of a star, since $\sigma$ is determined in part by stars that have moved far from the black hole. The second definition compares the force from the black hole to the local force from the stars.
It is a minimum requirement that the sphere of influence be well resolved in order that the mass of the black hole be determined dynamically.

## Rotational influence sphere

If the black hole is rotating, there is a second radius of influence associated with the rotation. This is the radius inside of which the Lense-Thirring torques from the black hole are larger than the Newtonian torques between stars. Inside the rotational influence sphere, stellar orbits precess at approximately the Lense-Thirring rate; while outside this sphere, orbits evolve predominantly in response to perturbations from stars on other orbits. Assuming that the Milky Way black hole is maximally rotating, its rotational influence radius is about 0.001 parsec, while its radius of gravitational influence is about 3 parsecs.
# Eddie Calhoun

Eddie Calhoun (November 13, 1921, in Clarksdale, Mississippi – January 27, 1994, in Paradise Lake, Michigan) was an American jazz double bassist.
Calhoun was raised in Chicago, where he played with Dick Davis [de] (1947–49) and Ahmad Jamal (1951–52). He worked with Horace Henderson (1952–54), Johnny Griffin (1954), Roy Eldridge, Billie Holiday, and Miles Davis. He joined Erroll Garner in 1955 and played with him through 1966, recording extensively and touring worldwide. After his time with Garner, Calhoun settled again in Chicago, where he played with vocalist and pianist Norvel Reed (1967–68), then ran a nightclub called Cal's in Chicago from 1972 to 1974 and led a sextet at the Fantasy Club from 1975 to 1980. From 1980 to 1986 he accompanied pianist Lennie Capp, then joined the Chicago All-Stars alongside Erwin Helfer for a tour of Europe. Calhoun never recorded as a leader.

## Discography
### As sideman

With Erroll Garner
* Concert by the Sea (Columbia, 1955)
* Paris Impressions (Columbia, 1958)
* Dreamstreet (ABC-Paramount, 1961)
* Close-up in Swing (Philips, 1961)
* Now Playing (MGM, 1965)
* Campus Concert (MGM, 1966)
* Erroll Garner Plays Gershwin and Kern (MPS, 1976)
With others
* Erwin Helfer, On the Sunny Side of the Street (Flying Fish, 1979)
* Willis Jackson, Shuckin' (Prestige, 1963)
* Ahmad Jamal, The Piano Scene of Ahmad Jamal (Epic, 1959)
# Obukhovka, Russia

Obukhovka (Russian: Обуховка) is the name of several rural localities in Russia:
* Obukhovka, Belgorod Oblast, a selo in Starooskolsky District of Belgorod Oblast
* Obukhovka, Bryansk Oblast, a village in Kartushinsky Selsoviet of Starodubsky District of Bryansk Oblast
* Obukhovka, Bolshesoldatsky District, Kursk Oblast, a village in Volokonsky Selsoviet of Bolshesoldatsky District of Kursk Oblast
* Obukhovka, Glushkovsky District, Kursk Oblast, a village in Veselovsky Selsoviet of Glushkovsky District of Kursk Oblast
* Obukhovka, Kastorensky District, Kursk Oblast, a village in Uspensky Selsoviet of Kastorensky District of Kursk Oblast
* Obukhovka, Korenevsky District, Kursk Oblast, a selo in Obukhovsky Selsoviet of Korenevsky District of Kursk Oblast
* Obukhovka, Republic of Mordovia, a village in Apraksinsky Selsoviet of Chamzinsky District of the Republic of Mordovia
* Obukhovka, Nizhny Novgorod Oblast, a village in Verkhnetalyzinsky Selsoviet of Sechenovsky District of Nizhny Novgorod Oblast
* Obukhovka, Oryol Oblast, a village in Yarishchensky Selsoviet of Kolpnyansky District of Oryol Oblast
* Obukhovka, Azovsky District, Rostov Oblast, a khutor in Yelizavetinskoye Rural Settlement of Azovsky District of Rostov Oblast
* Obukhovka, Millerovsky District, Rostov Oblast, a khutor in Pervomayskoye Rural Settlement of Millerovsky District of Rostov Oblast
# Adolf Skjegstad

Adolf Skjegstad, who usually called himself A. Skjegstad (11 October 1902 – 27 February 1988) was a Norwegian journalist.
He was born in Løten as a son of Kristian Olsen Skjegstad (1871–1959) and Marie Krog Borchgrevink (1873–1954). He had five brothers and two sisters, mostly younger than he was. He married Petra Røhne (1903–1984), and they had two sons and one daughter. They celebrated their gold wedding anniversary in 1983.
He began his journalistic career in 1917 in Østerdalens Arbeiderblad. He later worked in Demokraten, and was involved in the labour movement. In 1923, when the Young Communist League constituted itself as youth wing of the Communist Party, he was a board member of the Hedmark branch. He later became one of the few to go from a labour newspaper to a high-profile bourgeois and conservative newspaper, in his case Aftenposten. He was a sports journalist, and contributed with a chapter about sports in Eyvind Lillevold's history of Hamar, Hamars historie, in 1949. He was also the editor of Hamar IL's club newspaper in 1928, but this soon went defunct. He especially covered speed skating and orienteering. Representing Hamar IL, he was a board member of the Norwegian Skating Association from 1951 to 1952 and vice president from 1952 to 1953. He also took up active orienteering around the age of 70, and continued well into his 80s. He had co-arranged the first orienteering event held in Hedemarken, in 1934, where the orienteering map was in the scale 1:100,000.
In addition to sports he covered economical and political topics, especially forestry. Books include Norsk journalistlag gjennom 25 år about the Norwegian Union of Journalists in 1971, Skogbruk i Hedmark: Hedmark skogselskap 1901–1976 in 1976, Østlendingen about the newspaper Østlendingen in 1976, Skogeierforeningenes faglige virksomhet gjennom 25 år in 1978 and Norske eggcentraler S/L 50 år: 1929–1979 in 1979. He chaired the Norwegian Union of Journalists from 1949 to 1956, and was a board member of the Norwegian Press Association. He edited the journalism magazine Journalisten from 1962 to 1973. He was decorated with the Norwegian Forestry Society diploma and the Norwegian Press Association honorary badge.
He died in February 1988, and was buried in Hamar in March.
# Puddle sign

In gastroenterology, the puddle sign is a physical examination maneuver that can be used to detect the presence of ascites. It is useful for detecting small amounts of ascites—as small as 120 mL; shifting dullness and bulging flanks typically require 500 mL.
The steps are outlined as follows:
* Patient lies prone for 5 minutes
* Patient then rises onto elbows and knees
* Apply stethoscope diaphragm to most dependent part of the abdomen
* Examiner repeatedly flicks near flank with finger. Continue to flick at same spot on abdomen
* Move stethoscope across abdomen away from examiner
* Sound loudness increases at further edge of puddle
* Sound transmission does not change when patient sits
In relation to auscultatory percussion, the puddle sign is more specific, but less sensitive.
# Milad Nouri (footballer, born 1986)

Milad Nouri (May 3, 1986) is an Iranian football player, who currently plays for Siah Jamegan in the Persian Gulf Pro League. He usually plays as a midfielder.

## Club career

Nouri played for Foolad in the 2006 AFC Champions League group stage. He joined Saba Qom in 2011 and was the leading Iran Pro League scorer in week 2 with four goals. By Week 10, Nouri was second with six goals. He finished the year with six goals, with Jalal Rafkhaei snatching eighteen and winning the golden boot. He joined Rah Ahan in the summer of 2013 with a three-year contract.

### Club career statistics

Last Update 18 February 2015
| Club performance | Club performance | Club performance | League | League | Cup | Cup | Continental | Continental | Total | Total |
| Season | Club | League | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Iran | Iran | Iran | League | League | Hazfi Cup | Hazfi Cup | Asia | Asia | Total | Total |
| 2003–04 | Foolad | Pro League | | 0 | | | - | - | | |
| 2004–05 | Foolad | Pro League | | 0 | | | - | - | | |
| 2005–06 | Foolad | Pro League | 14 | 0 | | | | 0 | | |
| 2006–07 | Steel Azin | Division 1 | | | | | - | - | | |
| 2007–08 | Steel Azin | Division 1 | | 0 | | | - | - | | |
| 2008–09 | Esteghlal | Pro League | 2 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 1 |
| 2009–10 | Aboomoslem | Pro League | 8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | - | - | 8 | 0 |
| 2009–10 | Esteghlal | Pro League | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 2 |
| 2010–11 | Esteghlal Ahvaz | Division 1 | 24 | 1 | | | - | - | | |
| 2011–12 | Saba Qom | Pro League | 18 | 0 | 1 | 0 | - | - | 19 | 0 |
| 2012–13 | Saba Qom | Pro League | 32 | 6 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 34 | 6 |
| 2013–14 | Rah Ahan | Pro League | 5 | 0 | 2 | 0 | - | - | 7 | 0 |
| 2014–15 | Paykan | Pro League | 11 | 1 | 1 | 0 | - | - | 12 | 1 |
| 2014–15 | Esteghlal | Pro League | 8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 8 | 0 |
* Assist Goals
| Season | Team | Assists |
| 05–06 | Foolad | 2 |
| 09–10 | Aboomoslem | 1 |
| 09–10 | Esteghlal | 0 |
| 11–12 | Saba Qom | 2 |
| 12–13 | Saba Qom | 0 |
| 13–14 | Rah Ahan | 1 |
| 14–15 | Paykan | 0 |

## Honours
### Esteghlal

* Iran Pro League (1): 2008–09
# Renaissance Credit

Renaissance Credit (Russian: Банк Ренессанс) is a Russian commercial bank providing retail banking services and headquartered in Moscow. The financial institution focuses on the consumer lending market and is one of the Top-100 Russian banks. Renaissance Credit (along with its parent company Renaissance Capital) is a subsidiary of ONEXIM Group. In 2013, Russian billionaire Mikhail Prokhorov took the largest stake in Renaissance Credit through his company Onexim Group.
As with other Russian banks, Renaissance Credit was sanctioned by the United States government after Russian invasion of Ukraine, in response the bank closed its London, New York and Johannesburg offices.

## History

The bank was established in 2000 under the name AllianceInvest. In 2002, he received the title of "Treasurer". In 2003, the bank was acquired by Renaissance Group and renamed in Renaissance Capital. This allowed Renaissance Group to enter the retail consumer lending market. In 2007, the bank began operating under the Renaissance Credit brand, and in 2013, its official name became the same.
In 2012, the Bank issued unsecured loans by 66.7 billion rubles putting the bank in 7th place in Russia.
The total volume of the portfolio issued by non-tax loans as of January 1, 2013, amounted to 62.6 billion rubles.
In June 2013, Standard & Poor's rating agency has assigned a long-term rating "B+" with a stable outlook.

## Owners and management

The main owner of the bank is the ONEXIM group, which owns 83.02% in its authorized capital. Another 6.5% is owned by Evgeny Yurchenko.
At the beginning of 2012, the ONEXIM Group acquired a 32.25% stake in the bank from Renaissance Group, and in November 2012 it bought out the remaining stake in Renaissance Group, increasing its stake to 89.52%. During the last transaction, the Renaissance Capital investment bank, which was completely bought out by the group, also became the property of ONEXIM.
Evgeny Yurchenko acquired his stake in ONEXIM Group in May 2013.

## Activity

Renaissance Credit is a bank working with individuals. The main activity of the Bank is related to the issuance of consumer loans, credit cards and deposits.
The bank has about 150 branches in Russia, and also cooperates with major federal retail chains.
# Stromiec

Stromiec is a village in Białobrzegi County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Stromiec. It lies approximately 10 kilometres (6 mi) east of Białobrzegi and 65 km (40 mi) south of Warsaw. From 1975 to 1998 the village was in Radom Voivodeship.
In 2006 the village had a population of 909.
# Richard Duncan (athlete)

Richard Duncan (born December 25, 1973) is a retired Canadian long jumper. He was an eight-time NCAA All-American and an Olympian.

## Career

Duncan finished fourth at the 1994 Commonwealth Games, in the high jump event. In the long jump he competed at the 1996 Olympic Games, the 1997 World Championships, the 1999 World Championships the 2001 World Championships and the 2000 Olympic Games. While attending the University of Texas, Duncan was the first athlete in history to earn All-American honors in the same NCAA Championship meet competing in the long, high, and triple jump events.

## Honors

* 1993 CIAU Champion Triple Jump for York University
* 1996 NCAA Champion Long Jump for University of Texas
* 8 Time NCAA All-American

## Personal Bests

His personal best marks are:
* Long jump 8.23 metres, achieved in April 1997 in Austin.
* Triple jump 16.83 meters, achieved in May 1996 in Lubbock.
* High jump 2.26 meters, achieved in May 1994 in Austin, TX/Austin.
# Semizbughy

Semizbughy (Kazakh: Семізбұғы) is a mountain massif in Bukhar-Zhyrau District, Karaganda Region, Kazakhstan.
Semizbughy is the highest point in the district. Semizhbugy mining village is located on the western side, at the foot of the mountain.

## Geography

Semizbughy is a small massif, part of the Kazakh Uplands. Its maximum length is 7 kilometres (4 mi) and its width 4 kilometres (2 mi). It has a gentle and smooth relief and rises above the southern shore of lake Rudnichnoye, to the north of the northwestern slopes of the Ayr Mountains. The highest summit of the range has an elevation of 1,049 metres (3,442 ft). River Ashchysu has its sources in the southern slopes of the range.

## Flora

The slopes of mount Semizbughy are covered with low vegetation, including sedges, alpine oatgrass and fescue.
# Al Hall (musician)

Alfred Wesley Hall (March 18, 1915 – January 18, 1988) was an American jazz bassist.

## Biography

Hall grew up in Philadelphia, where he played cello and tuba early in life before settling on bass at the age of 17. He moved to New York in 1936, where he played with Billy Hicks (1936–37), Skeets Tolbert (1937–38), and Teddy Wilson in both big band and small ensemble format (1939–41). Following time with Ellis Larkins (1942–43) and Mary Lou Williams, Hall took a job as a staff musician at CBS, working in Paul Baron's orchestra on the Mildred Bailey Show. He also worked on Broadway theater pit orchestras for the next several decades. In 1946, he founded his own label, Wax Records, which was bought by Atlantic Records in 1949.
Hall had an extended partnership with Erroll Garner, playing with him intermittently from 1945 to 1963. He also played later in life with Benny Goodman (1966), Hazel Scott, Tiny Grimes, Alberta Hunter (1977–78), and Doc Cheatham. He led five numbers on his own label in 1946–47 and four on Columbia Records Europe in 1959.
Hall died of lung cancer Monday at Roosevelt Hospital. He was 72 years old and lived in Manhattan.

## Discography
### As sideman

* Harold Ashby, Born to Swing (Columbia, 1960)
* Eddie Condon, Jammin at Condon's (Columbia, 1955)
* Eddie Condon, That Toddlin' Town (Warner Bros., 1959)
* Duke Ellington & Johnny Hodges, Side by Side (Verve, 1971)
* Bud Freeman, Bud Freeman (Bethlehem, 1955)
* Edmond Hall, Rumpus On Rampart Street (Rae Cox 1959)
* Erroll Garner, The Most Happy Piano (Columbia, 1957)
* Erroll Garner, Encores in Hi Fi (Columbia, 1958)
* Paul Gonsalves & Ray Nance, Just A-Sittin and A-Rockin (Black Lion, 1973)
* Earl Hines & Paul Gonsalves, It Don't Mean a Thing If It Ain't Got That Swing! (Black Lion, 1974)
* Pete Johnson, Pete's Blues (Savoy, 1958)
* Barbara Lea, Barbara Lea with the Johnny Windhurst Quintets (Prestige, 1956)
* Barbara Lea, Lea in Love (Prestige, 1956)
* Helen Merrill, You've Got a Date with the Blues (Metrojazz, 1958)
* Barry Miles, Miles of Genius (Charlie Parker, 1962)
* Fats Navarro, Fats Bud Klook Sonny Kinney (Savoy, 1955)
* Charlie Parker, Bird Lives (Continental, 1962)
* Paul Quinichette, Moods (Emarcy, 1954)
* Della Reese, Melancholoy Baby (Jubilee, 1956)
* Billy Strayhorn, Cue for Saxophone (Felsted, 1959)
* Ralph Sutton & Bob Wilber, The Night They Raided Sunnie's (Blue Angel Jazz Club 1969)
* Big Joe Turner & Pete Johnson, Joe Turner and Pete Johnson (Emarcy, 1955)
* Big Joe Turner, And the Blues'll Make You Happy Too (Savoy, 1958)
* Charlie Ventura, Jumping with Ventura (Emarcy, 1955)
* Charlie Ventura, East of Suez (Regent, 1958)
* Josh White, Josh at Midnight (Elektra, 1956)
* Josh White, Josh White Sings Ballads/Blues (Elektra, 1957)
* Josh White, The Josh White Stories II (ABC-Paramount, 1958)
* Teddy Wilson, Teddy Wilson and His All Star Jazz Sextet (Allego, 1956)
* Teddy Wilson, Stompin' at the Savoy (Ember, 1974)
# Willard A. Palmer

Willard A. "Bill" Palmer (1917 – April 30, 1996) was an American music scholar, educator and composer. As an instrumentalist, he was accomplished in the accordion and piano. Palmer invented a 'quint' system which was later patented by Titano as used in their line of converter (or "quint") bass accordions.
Palmer made many written contributions to magazines for the promotion of the Piano accordion, including Accordion World. Some of the more important articles about his beliefs for improving the instrument and current style of playing have been gathered at The Classical Free-Reed, Inc. web site.
# A History of Democratic Kampuchea (1975–1979)

A History of Democratic Kampuchea (1975–1979) (Khmer: ប្រវត្តិសាស្ត្រកម្ពុជាប្រជាធិបតេយ្យ (១៩៧៥-១៩៧៩)) is a 2007 Cambodian textbook written by Khamboly Dy. The 87-page textbook was commissioned by the Documentation Center of Cambodia (DC-Cam), with Dy becoming the first Cambodian to write a textbook about the period. Youk Chhang, then the Director of DC-Cam, supervised the project, while Wynne Cougill acted as both adviser and editor and American historian David P. Chandler acted as reviewer of the text. The book was published by DC-Cam five years after it began to advocate the inclusion of Khmer Rouge history to Cambodian school curriculum.
Until the book's publication, the Khmer Rouge period of Cambodian history had rarely been taught in Cambodian schools after the United Nations forced its removal from the general curriculum in the early 1990s, so as to encourage Khmer Rouge officials to join its talks for democracy. The book is now considered the definitive schoolbook on the four-year Khmer Rouge period of Cambodian history, and has been made mandatory in Cambodian high school education beginning in 2009.
# Kaare Støylen

Kaare Støylen (3 October 1909 – 22 August 1989) was a Norwegian theologian and priest. He served as the Bishop of the Diocese of Agder from 1957 to 1973.

## Personal life

Kaare Støylen was born in Aker, Norway on 3 October 1909. He was the son of Bernt Støylen, the future Bishop of Kristiansand, and his wife Kamilla Karoline Heiberg. In 1932, he married Agnes Louise Rosario Stray, however she died in 1943. He then married Honoria Margrethe Faye in 1945. Kaare Støylen died on 22 August 1989 in Bergen, Norway.

## Education and career

Kaare Støylen went to the Kristiansand Cathedral School in 1927. He went on to the University of Oslo, graduating in 1932 with a Cand.theol. degree. Later in life, in 1957, he graduated from the same school with a doctor of theology degree.
Støylen spent many years serving the Norwegian Seamen's Church. He first served as an assistant priest at the Seamen's Church in London from 1932 until 1935. After that, he moved to Oslo to work in the administrative offices of the Seamen's Church from 1935 until 1940. In 1940, he became an assistant priest at the Bergen Cathedral. In 1946, he became a priest at the St. Jakob Church in Bergen. He also worked for the congregation of people who were deaf that met Bergen. In 1955, he was appointed as the General Secretary of the Seamen's Church. He held this post until 1958 when he was appointed to serve as Bishop of the Diocese of Agder, based at the Kristiansand Cathedral. In 1973, after 15 years as bishop, he was appointed to be the new Bishop of the Diocese of Oslo. As bishop, he was given the honor of baptizing the future King of Norway, Crown Prince Haakon Magnus, in the Palace Chapel in Oslo in 1973. He was decorated as Commander with Star of the Royal Norwegian Order of St. Olav in 1975. He served as Bishop of Oslo until his retirement in 1977.
# Georgia Scott

Georgia Scott is an Australian composer, orchestrator and arranger. She graduated with Honours from the Royal College of Music, London and completed her Master of Music at the Sydney Conservatorium of Music in 2020 where she was supported by the Doris Burnett-Ford scholarship as part of the 2018-2019 Composing Women Program.
Georgia was the recipient of the 2021 Australia Council National Arts and Disability Award for Young Artist. She has worked with the Sydney Symphony Orchestra, Melbourne Symphony Orchestra, Sydney Chamber Opera, The Australian Ballet, Moorambilla Voices, Gondwana Junior, Australian World Orchestra, Flautist Claire Chase, Orchestra Victoria, Janáček Philharmonic Orchestra and West Australian Youth Orchestra.
Georgia's notable works include "Her Dark Marauder" which was performed by the Sydney Chamber Opera at Carriageworks and premiered online in 2020, and was a finalist in the 2021 APRA AMC Art Music Awards for Dramatic Work of the Year.
# Milad Taji

Milad Taji (Persian: میلاد تاجی) is an Iranian football forward who plays for Rah Ahan in the Iran Pro League.

## Club career
### Rah Ahan

Taji joined Rah Ahan in summer 2015 with a contract until 2018. He made his professional debut for Rah Ahan on August 6, 2015 in a 2-0 loss against Saipa as a substitute for Ahmad Mehdizadeh

## Club career statistics

    As of 31 October 2015.
| Club | Division | Season | League | League | Hazfi Cup | Hazfi Cup | Asia | Asia | Total | Total |
| Club | Division | Season | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Sh. Bandar Abbas | Division 1 | 2014–15 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | – | – | 7 | 0 |
| Rah Ahan | Pro League | 2015–16 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | – | – | 3 | 0 |
| Career Totals | Career Totals | Career Totals | 10 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 10 | 0 |
# Malcolm Moran

Malcolm Moran is an American sportswriter who has written for four newspapers over 30 years – Newsday, The New York Times, Chicago Tribune and USA Today. In April 2006, Moran was named the inaugural Knight Chair in Sports Journalism and Society in the College of Communications at Penn State.
Moran covered two Olympic Games, 11 Super Bowls, 16 World Series and 26 men's NCAA Final Fours.
Moran has served as president of the United States Basketball Writers Association (USBWA) in 1988–89 when the organization formalized its awards for women and held its first nationally televised presentation of the player of the year awards. He was inducted into the USBWA Hall of Fame in 2005.
Moran is a 1975 graduate of Fordham University.