OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Kaj Birket-Smith

Kaj Birket-Smith (20 January 1893 – 28 October 1977) was a Danish philologist and anthropologist. He specialized in studying the habits and language of the Inuit and Eyak. He was a member of Knud Rasmussen's 1921 Thule expedition. In 1940, he became director of the Ethnographic Department of the National Museum of Denmark.

## Personal life

Kaj Birket-Smith was the son of Danish librarian and literary historian Sophus Birket-Smith and wife, Ludovica (born Nielsen). He received his PhD in linguistics at the University of Pennsylvania in 1937. He was a Knight of the Order of the Dannebrog.
In 1920, Kaj and Minna Birket-Smith wed. Kaj Birket-Smith died in 1977, aged 84.

## Awards

* 1933 Hans Egede Medal by the Royal Danish Geographical Society
* 1938 Loubat Prize of the Royal Swedish Academy
* 1952 Huxley Memorial Medal by the Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland

## Partial works

* (1916). The Greenland bow. København: Bianco Lunos bogtr.
* (1918). A geographic study of the early history of the Algonquian Indians
* (1920). Ancient artefacts from the Eastern United States
* (1924). Ethnography of the Egedesminde District with Aspects of the General Culture of West Greenland
* (1925). Preliminary report of the Fifth Thule Expedition Physical anthropology, linguistics, and material culture
* (1928). On the origin of Eskimo culture
* (1928). Five hundred Eskimo words: A comparative vocabulary from Greenland and Central Eskimo dialects
* (1928). The Greenlanders of the present day
* (1928). Physiography of West Greenland
* (1929). The Caribou Eskimos. Material and social life and their cultural position
* (1929). Drinking-tube and tobacco pipe in North America
* (1930). Contributions to Chipewyan ethnology
* (1933). Geographical notes on the Barren
* (1938). The Eyak Indians of the Copper River Delta, Alaska
* (1940). Anthropological observations of the Central Eskimos
* (1943). The origin of maize cultivation
# Bolstone

Bolstone is a hamlet and civil parish in Herefordshire, England, 9 km (5.6 mi) south of Hereford. According to the 2001 census, it had a population of 34.
# Thouaré-sur-Loire

Thouaré-sur-Loire (French pronunciation: , literally Thouaré on Loire; Breton: Tarvieg) is a commune in the Loire-Atlantique department in western France.

## Origin of the name

The origins of Thouaré are not certain. According to certain hypotheses, the foundation of the city was due to a Roman legionnaire by the name of Taurus or Tauraicus, who had been given a rich villa in the area. Another is that it is due to a Celtic god, worshipped in this part of Gaul, by the name of Taur.
The name of Thouaré appears for the first time in the chart of Louis the Fat in 1123. Its orthography differs due to successive editors: Thoaré, Thoyré, Touaré, Thoaret, Thoairé, then finally Thouaré.
# Women in the Night

Women in the Night is a 1948 American film directed by William Rowland shot in Mexico. The film is also known as When Men Are Beasts. The film depicts activities of German and Japanese who wish revenge on the Allies with a cosmic ray weapon.

## Cast

* Tala Birell as Yvette Aubert
* William Henry as Philip Adams / Maj. von Arnheim
* Richard Loo as Col. Noyama
* Virginia Christine as Claire Adams
* Bernadene Hayes as Frau Thaler
* Gordon Richards as Col. von Meyer
* Frances Chung as Li Ling
* Jean Brooks as Maya
* Kathy Frye as Helen James
* Helen Mowery as Sheila Hallett
* Benson Fong as Chang
* Helen Brown as Angela James
* Frederick Giermann as Major Eisel
* Philip Ahn as Prof. Kunioshi
* Arno Frey as Field Marshal von Runzel
* Beal Wong as General Mitikoya
* Iris Flores as Maria Gonzales
* Frederic Brunn as Lt. Kraus
* Harry Hays Morgan as General Hundman
* Paula Allen as Nurse
* Joy Gwynell as Suicide Girl
* William Yetter Sr. as German Officer
* Noel Cravat as Japanese Officer
* Wolfgang Zilzer as German Doctor

## Home media

The film was released on DVD April 19, 2005.
# QPDF

QPDF is a software library and a free command-line program that can convert one PDF file to another equivalent PDF file. It is capable of performing transformations such as linearization (also known as web optimization or fast web viewing), encryption, and decryption of PDF files. It also has options for inspecting or checking PDF files, some of which are useful primarily to PDF developers. QPDF includes support for rotating, merging and splitting PDFs through the ability to copy objects from one PDF file into another and to manipulate the list of pages in a PDF file. QPDF is not capable of converting PDF into other formats.
The QPDF library also makes it possible to create PDF files from scratch. In this mode, the user is responsible for supplying all the contents of the file, while the QPDF library takes care of the syntactical representation of the objects, creation of cross references tables and, optionally, object streams, encryption, linearization, and other syntactic details.
QPDF is written in C++.
# George Wheeler (explorer)

George Montague Wheeler (October 9, 1842 – May 3, 1905) was an American pioneering explorer and cartographer and the leader of the Wheeler Survey, one of the major geographical surveys of the western United States in the late 19th century.
Wheeler was born in Hopkinton, Massachusetts, the son of John Wheeler and Miriam P. Daniels. He graduated from West Point in 1866, ranked sixth in his class, and was commissioned as a lieutenant in the US Army Corps of Engineers. He first served in California from 1866 to 1871. In 1869 General Edward O. C. Ord sent him on a reconnaissance mission through eastern Nevada.
In 1872, the US Congress authorized an ambitious plan to map the portion of the United States west of the 100th meridian at a scale of 8 miles to the inch. This plan necessitated what became known as the Wheeler Survey. The project lasted until 1879, when the Wheeler, King, and Powell Surveys were terminated and their combined work was reorganized as the United States Geological Survey.
Wheeler was promoted to captain in 1879. In 1881 he represented the United States at the Third International Geographical Congress and Exhibition in Venice, Italy. He entered semi-retirement in 1883 but continued to write scientific reports until his full retirement from the army in 1888 at the rank of major. He died in New York City in 1905.
Many places are named for George Wheeler, including Wheeler Peak in Nevada (within Great Basin National Park), Wheeler Peak in New Mexico (the state high point), and the scenic Wheeler Geologic Area in southern Colorado.

## Publications

* Preliminary report concerning explorations and surveys, principally in Nevada and Arizona (1872)
* Address of Lieut. Geo. M. Wheeler...before the American Geographical Society (1874)
* Report upon the determination of the astronomical co-ordinates of the primary stations at Cheyenne, Wyoming Territory, and Colorado Springs, Colorado Territory (1874)
* Preliminary report upon a reconnaissance through southern and southeastern Nevada, made in 1869 (1875)
# Vetskoye

Vetskoye (Russian: Вецкое) is a rural locality (a village) in Kubenskoye Rural Settlement, Vologodsky District, Vologda Oblast, Russia. The population was 3 as of 2002.

## Geography

Vetskoye is located 33 km northwest of Vologda (the district's administrative centre) by road. Shushkovo is the nearest rural locality.
# Nick Christensen

Nick Christensen (born 28 August 1985) is a Danish professional football forward.
# Horseshoe Pass

The Horseshoe Pass (Welsh: Bwlch yr Oernant, "Pass of the Cold Stream") is a mountain pass in Denbighshire, north-east Wales. It separates Llantysilio Mountain to the west from the 565 metre (1,854 feet) mountain and Marilyn Cyrn-y-Brain to the east. The A542 road from Llandegla to Llangollen runs through the pass, reaching a maximum height of 417 metres (1,368 ft). The road travels in a horseshoe shape around the sides of a valley, giving the pass its English name. In 2022, a proposal for a 40 mph speed limit on the Horseshoe Pass was approved after a lengthy campaign by Llangollen's county councillors.
This route dates from 1811, when a turnpike road was constructed across the area. As with the rest of the roads in the Clwydian Range, it is not uncommon for sheep to gather in the road, sometimes causing problems for drivers. The road is also frequently closed in winter due to snowfall or landslides.
The Pass is well known for the Ponderosa cafe at its highest point and the scenic views along the road. Both the cafe and the pass itself are extremely popular with cyclists and motorcyclists. There are many walks and routes in the immediate area that are popular with hikers, and there are a number of campsites nearby.
The area was devastated by wildfires in 2018 which broke out 19 July, and continued until 25 September, damaging 715 acres of land.

## Gallery

* View of pass and the Ponderosa Cafe
* Scrubland under snow
* Eglwyseg valley from Horseshoe Pass
* Sheep in a lay-by
* View north-east from pass
* View south-east from pass
# Mount Bwahit

Mount Bwahit (Amharic: ቧሒት ተራራ) (or Buahit, Bachit, Buiheat) is a peak of the Simien Mountains in the Amhara Region of Ethiopia. Its altitude is estimated at 4430 or 4437 m above sea level, making it the third highest mountain in Ethiopia and the 13th or 14th highest mountain of Africa. It is located about 16 km west of the highest Ethiopian mountain, Ras Dashen, from which it is separated by a 1,600 m deep gorge. The connecting ridge goes NNE over the Arkwasiye Pass (ca. 3635 m), eastwards over Kidis Yared, at 4,453 metres (14,610 ft) the second-highest mountain in Ethiopia, and SSE over the Metelal Pass at approximately 3730 metres above mean sea level to Ras Dashen.
# Ariolasoft

Ariolasoft GmbH, later known as United Software, was a German video game developer, publisher and distributor. It started in 1983 as the software subsidiary of Ariola Records, itself the record division of Germany's large Bertelsmann empire. From 1985 to 1988 Stephen Molyneux, formerly Head of Software at Atari International GmbH in Hamburg, held the position of Head of Software with responsibility for international negotiations and licensing of software at its headquarters in Munich. Ariolasoft also had a British subsidiary, Ariolasoft UK, which was run by Ashley Gray (later replaced by Willie Carminke) and Frank Brunger.
The company released games for the ZX Spectrum, Commodore 64, MS-DOS, Atari 8-bit, Atari ST and Amiga systems. It was also the German publisher for Activision games developed for the Atari 2600, and the European publisher for Electronic Arts and Broderbund games, before those companies set up their own European offices. Ariolasoft also developed the cassette ports of those titles, and also developed original games. In addition to software activities, they were also the German distributor of the Master System between approximately 1987 and 1988.
In 1990, the company was renamed United Software, which in 1993 was taken over by MicroProse Germany.

## Original games

| Game name | Developer |
| Airline | |
| Atomix | Thalion Software |
| Adventure Construction Set | |
| Challenge of the Gobots | Reaktor |
| Deactivators | Tigress Marketing |
| Golf Construction Set | Chris Palmer, David Bishop |
| Hanse | Ralf Glau |
| Hellowoon: Das Geheimins des Zauberstabs | Dragonware Games |
| Kaiser | Creative Computer Design (Markus Mergard, Claudio Kronmüller, Dirk Beyelstein) |
| Ooze: Als die Geister mürbe wurden… | Dragonware Games |
| Starfox | Realtime Games Software |
| They Stole A Million | 39 Steps, Tigress Marketing |
| Vermeer | Ralf Glau |

## Collaborations

* Cavelord with Atari Germany
# Dayan Khan (Khoshut)

Dayan Khan (Mongolian: ᠳᠠᠶᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ dayan qaɣan, died 22 April 1668) was the second khan of the Khoshut Khanate and protector-king of Tibet, ruling from 1655 to 1668. He sat on the throne during the time of the 5th Dalai Lama, Ngawang Lobsang Gyatso, but did not have a major independent role in Tibetan politics.

## Khoshut patronage

Dayan Khan was the son of Güshi Khan of the Khoshut tribe who allied with the Gelug faction (the Yellow Church) in Tibet and was victorious in 1642. Güshi had offered the earth, tribes and people of the three cholka of Tibet to the Gelug leader, the 5th Dalai Lama. The Dalai Lama, in return, named him Dharma king, Protector of the Faith. The Khoshut khan did not normally interfere in political matters, but rather managed the Mongol forces that backed up the dharma regime of Dalai Lama. Güshi Khan and his sons were known as "the father and son kings of the Mongolian government".

## Reign

As long as Güshi was alive he maintained a degree of control over the new Tibetan state. However, he died in January 1655, 73 years old. His eldest and youngest sons, Dayan Khan and Tashi Batur (1632-1714), then reigned in tandem. However, they stood far below their imposing father in terms of political wisdom or prestige. They were suspicious of each other and primarily focused on Mongolian affairs. Dayan, who was also known as Tenzin Dorje or Tsik Shitu Tenzin, was the eldest son of the younger queen of Güshi. He was proclaimed the new "king of Tibet" by the Dalai Lama on 7 February 1658 and took responsibility for the Mongol troops like his father had done. A division of the Khoshuts was effected so that his junior brother Tashi Batur ruled in the Kokonor region, while Dayan Khan held power over the tribesmen in Central Tibet and maintained his prerogatives as Dharma king. There was however commotion among the Mongols who lived by the Tsongön Lake in this period, as the factions did want to submit to each other. The 5th Dalai Lama dispatched envoys who made the Mongols promise to conform to Buddhist principles and end their discord. The situation indicates the degree of Dalai Lama's spiritual and political influence. Clearly, Dayan Khan did not have the pondus of his father. The Khoshut elite was handicapped by its nomadic lifestyle, having their main pastures in the land of Dam (south-east of Tengri-Nor Lake). The king would only come to Lhasa in the winters, though not every year, and stay at the Ganden Khangsar Palace. An incident with the Qing Empire occurred towards the end of Dayan's reign, in 1667. An army of Mongols from Kokonor moved towards Xining near the border and laid siege to the city. However, they withdrew on the approach of Chinese troops. Dayan died on 22 April 1668 and was succeeded in his dignity by his son Tenzin Dalai Khan.
# LSU-Atletas

KK Atletas (Lithuanian: Kauno rajono Krepšinio Klubas Atletas) is a professional basketball club that is based in Kaunas district, Lithuania. Currently the team plays in the National Basketball League, in the past Atletas participated in the LKL and the Baltic League, before dissolving in 2007 and becoming BC Aisčiai-Atletas. In 2009, the team merged with BC Kaunas Triobet and played with the names of Kaunas, Baltai and LSU-Baltai. In 2013 club was renamed again to LSU-Atletas, which was merged with the NKL champions of the same name. Atletas are multiple time LKL finalists, and were once considered to be one of the strongest teams in Lithuania.
The NBA center Žydrūnas Ilgauskas represented Atletas at the very beginning of his career. Lithuanian basketball star Saulius Štombergas was also a key player of the team back then. Donatas Motiejūnas also played for Atletas (at the time called Aisčiai) during the beginning of his career.

## Latest seasons

| Season | League | Pos. | Significant Events | Baltic League | Pos. | LKF Cup |
| 2008–09 | LKL | 6 | Quarterfinalist | Challenge Cup | 3 | Round of 16 |
| 2009–10 | LKL | 13 | – | Challenge Cup | 13 | First round |
| 2010–11 | LKL | 10 | – | Challenge Cup | 2 | First round |
| 2011–12 | LKL | 8 | – | Elite Division | 13 | – |
| 2012–13 | LKL | 11 | – | Elite Division | R1 | Fourth round |
| 2013–14 | LKL | 12 | Relegated | – | – | Fourth round |

## Honours
### Domestic competitions

* Lithuanian SSR Championship
    Winners (5): 1968, 1982, 1983, 1989, 1990

## Notable former players

* Rimas Kurtinaitis
* Tomas Pačėsas
* Gvidonas Markevičius
* Darius Dimavičius
* Rytis Vaišvila
* Darius Sirtautas
* Saulius Štombergas
* Tomas Masiulis
* Virginijus Praškevičius
* Žydrūnas Ilgauskas
* Donatas Motiejūnas
* Artūras Milaknis
* Povilas Butkevičius
* Šarūnas Vasiliauskas
* Siim-Sander Vene
* Jonas Mačiulis
# Mishin

Mishin (Russian: Мишин; masculine) or Mishina (Russian: Мишина; feminine) is a Russian surname that is derived from Misha, a diminutive for the male given name Mikhail, and literally means Misha's. Mishina is also an unrelated Japanese surname. Notable people with the surname include:

## Mishin

* Alexei Mishin (born 1941), figure skater and coach
* Alexei Mishin (wrestler) (born 1979)
* Andrey Mishin (born 1979), boxer
* Dmitry Mishin (1919–1998), physicist
* Sergey Mishin (born 1958), weightlifter
* Vasily Mishin (1917–2001), engineer
* Vladimir Mishin (1888–1942), footballer

## Mishina

* Anastasia Mishina, Russian pair skater
* Daria Mishina, Russian ice hockey player
* Larisa Mishina, Russian ice hockey player
* Masumi Mishina, Japanese softball player
* Shōei Mishina, Japanese historian
* Tatiana Mishina, former Soviet figure skater
* Yuji Mishina, Japanese molecular biologist

## Fictional characters

* Eikichi Mishina, character in the video game Persona 2
# Markanda Fort

Markandya Fort/Markinda Fort/ Markanda fort (Marathi: मार्कंड्या किल्ला, Hindi: मार्कंड्या क़िला, transliteration: Markandeya Qilа̄) is a fort located 52 km (32 mi)from Nashik, Nashik district, of Maharashtra. The base village is Mulane on the Wani-Kalwan Link Road. The nearest town is Wani, which is 5.5 km from Mulane village. This fort is opposite the holy Saptashringi hill..

## History

It is believed that the holy Hindu sage Markandeya lived on the fort and punished the Bhimasur and other demons who were attacking Bhramin priests. The Rashtrakutas issued various grants to the place called Mayur Khndi. This fort served as an outpost. In 1639 the Mughal commander Aliwardikhan won the fort along with the neighbouring forts. In the first week of October 1670 Shivaji while retreating from Surat after the loot was intercepted by the Moghul forces led by Daudkhan near Kanchan-Manchana forts. The Moghuls suffered a sizeable loss in the battle. On 25 October 1670 Moropant Pingale moved to the Nashik region and captured Aundha fort, Trymbakgad fort, Patta Fort, Ravlya, Jawlya and Markandya. After the death of Shivaji Maharaj the fort was again captured by the Moghuls.The Peshwas kept a garrison on the hill. The fort was captured by Captain Briggs of East India company in 1818.

## How to reach

The base village of the fort is Mulane. There are good hotels at Wani, now tea and snacks are also available in small hotels on the highway. The trekking path starts from the Mulanbari Gorge (Khind) joining the Markandeya hill and the Rawlya-Jawlya hill which is located north of the base village. The route is very safe and wide. There are no trees on the trekking route. It takes about an hour to reach the hillock of the fort. The night stay on the fort can be made in the temples.

## Places to see

The fort comprises a table land and a hill top. There is a small pond called Kotithirth where Hindu pilgrims take a dip on Somvati Amavasya. There is also a water pond called Kamandaluthirth. There are two underground granaries near this pond. There are few building structures on the fort which are now in ruined state except for a temple which is in good condition. There is a temple of Markandeya on the top of the hill.
# William Thomas Fry

William Thomas Fry (1789–1843) was a British engraver. He occasionally exhibited his engravings at the Suffolk Street exhibition.

## Works

Fry worked chiefly in stipple. He engraved four portraits for Fisher, Son, & Co.'s National Portrait Gallery:
* Princess Charlotte, and the Earl of Liverpool, after Sir T. Lawrence;
* Admiral Earl Howe, after Gainsborough Dupont; and
* the Rev. Samuel Lee, after Richard Evans.
He also engraved portraits, after J. Jackson, R.A., including Robert Hills, the animal painter, John Scott the engraver, and others. For Jones's National Gallery he executed eleven engravings.
# Deh-e Khvajeh

Deh-e Khvajeh or Deh Khvajeh (Persian: ده خواجه) may refer to:
* Deh-e Khvajeh, Kuhbanan, Kerman Province
* Deh Khvajeh, Zarand, Kerman Province
* Deh-e Khvajeh, South Khorasan
# Lati, Iran

Lati (Persian: لاتي or لتي) may refer to:
* Lati, Ramsar (لاتي - Lātī), Mazandaran Province
* Lati, South Khorasan (لتي - Latī), Mazandaran Province
# Tristan Perich

Tristan Perich (born 1982) is a contemporary composer and sound artist from New York City who focuses on electronic one-bit sound.
Perich received his B.A. from Columbia University in 2004 and went on to earn a master's degree from New York University Tisch School of the Arts.
Perich composed a series of compositions as well as sound art installations with one-bit electronics, which Perich describes as being music that never has more than one bit of information being played at any given time. In Denmark he was an artist in residence, where he built a series of sculptures called Interval Studies consisting of large numbers of small speakers, each sending out its own frequency. The blending of all of these independent frequencies generates white noise, or other forms of colored noise. His other works include Machine Drawings and 1-bit Video.
Together with Kunal Gupta and Katie Shima he forms the group Loud Objects. This group performs electronic music by soldering.
Perich has performed on Blip Festival and SxSW. Works by Perich have been commissioned for Bang on a Can festival held at Lincoln Center in New York City.
In February 2010 he won, with his Loud Objects collective, third prize in the Guthman Instrument Competition at Georgia Tech with a circuit bent electronic system. Works of Perich have been performed by the Bang on a Can-ensemble, Calder Quartet and Meehan/Perkins. His work has been reviewed by The Wire. He received the Prix Ars Electronica in 2009 and was a featured artist at Sónar 2010 in Barcelona.
Perich was the Edward E. Elson Artist-in-Residence of the Addison Gallery of American Art at Phillips Academy in Andover, Massachusetts, serving as a composer, musician and visual artist.
In 2013, Perich was artist-in-residence at MIT's Center for Art, Science & Technology (CAST), presenting public performances and lectures.
His work is included in "Soundings: A Contemporary Score", which was at the Museum of Modern Art, New York City from August 10 until November 3, 2013. Perich is of Croatian descent.

## Discography

* 1-bit music, Cantaloupe Music, 2005, CD box with built-in electronics
* 1-bit symphony, Cantaloupe Music, 2010, CD box with built-in electronics
* Surface Image for solo piano and 40-channel, 1-bit electronics (New Amsterdam Records NWAM060, 2014)
* Drift Multiply for 50 violins and 50-channel 1-bit electronics (Nonesuch/Elektra Records 79181, 2020)
# Ḥasan bar Bahlul

Ḥasan bar Bahlul (Classical Syriac: ܚܣܢ ܒܪ ܒܗܠܘܠ ܐܠܐܘܐܢܝܐ, Ḥasan bar Bahlul; Arabic: الحسن بن بهلول الاواني الطيرهاني, al-Ḥasan ibn Bahlul al-Awāni al-Ṭirhāni) was a 10th-century Christian bishop and Syriac linguist.
Not much is known of Bar Bahlul's life. His name has appeared in the list of bishops who supported Abdisho I's ascent to the patriarchy of the Church of the East in 963.
Based on his nisbah, bar Bahlul was a native of Ṭīrhān, a district now part of the city of Samarra, Iraq.
Bar Bahlul is mainly known for his comprehensive Syriac-Arabic dictionary. He has also a number of other books that were lost on the biographies of Western and Eastern Syriac bishops and on the interpretation of dreams.
# Vatlanovo

Vatlanovo (Russian: Ватланово) is a rural locality (a village) in Leskovskoye Rural Settlement, Vologodsky District, Vologda Oblast, Russia. The population was 76 as of 2002.

## Geography

Vatlanovo is located 8 km west of Vologda (the district's administrative centre) by road. Rubtsovo is the nearest rural locality.
# Khalifeh Kandi

Khalifeh Kandi (Persian: خليفه كندي) may refer to:
* Khalifeh Kandi, Hashtrud, East Azerbaijan Province
* Khalifeh Kandi, Maragheh, East Azerbaijan Province
* Khalifeh Kandi-ye Hatam, East Azerbaijan Province
* Khalifeh Kandi, Markazi