OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# George Bruere Jr.

George Bruere Jr. was a British politician and soldier who served as Governor of Bermuda from 1780-1782. He was the son of George James Bruere, the longest-reigning Governor in Bermudian history. A staunch loyalist, Bruere was despised, and eventually deposed, for his punitive action against the Bermudian merchant class, who broadly supported the Thirteen Colonies in the American Revolution.

## Biography

George Bruere Jr. was born in 1744 in England. His father was George James Bruere, an army officer who in 1764, was appointed as the Governor of Bermuda. George Jr. also served in the British Army, seeing action at the Battle of Bunker Hill where he was wounded.
When his father died in 1780, Bruere Jr. surmised that it was from the stress of running the tumultuous colony of Bermuda, which had been facing plagues, famines, and interior strife throughout the American Revolution.
Bruere was appointed to succeed his father in 1780. As Governor, Bruere Jr. increased the British naval presence on the archipelago by building new outposts and demoted rebellious colonial officers and politicians, replacing them with avowed loyalists.
Bruere's policies, though hated by Bermuda's pro-American merchants and mariners opened up new opportunities for wartime Bermuda, including privateering, which had been suppressed by whiggish officials such as political fixture Henry Tucker and colonial Chief Justice George Bascome.
Bruere was removed from his post in 1782 and replaced in interim by Thomas Jones, a colonial legislator. This move was celebrated by Bermuda's business class, who burned Bruere in effigy and briefly imprisoned him. In a later missive relayed to the Earl of Portsmouth, Bruere accused Henry Tucker, and Jones of conspiring with the rebels.
The next gubernatorial appointee was William Browne a judge and merchant from Massachusetts Bay Colony. Browne utilized the loyalist reforms made by Bruere to strengthen ties to Great Britain while using his mercantile background to placate the more pro-American Bermudians.
# Lund Chapel

Lund Chapel (Norwegian: Lund kapell) is a parish church of the Church of Norway in Namsos Municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway. It is located in the village of Lund. It is an annex church for the Fosnes parish which is part of the Namdal prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Nidaros. The white, wooden church was built in a long church style in 1965. The church seats about 105 people.

## History

In 1965, the old Opløyfjorden Chapel was taken down and moved from Østre Bogen to Lund, about 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) to the west, near the mouth of the fjord. The materials (first used in the old Kolvereid Church in 1658 and then reused as Opøyfjorden Chapel in 1874) were then reused again to build the new Lund Chapel to serve the extreme southern part of Nærøy Municipality. In 2020, the municipal borders were changed and this chapel became part of Namsos Municipality and the Fosnes parish.
# Shaun Renwick

Shawn Renwick (born 31 August 1979) is a rugby union player. He previously played with the Scottish provincial side Glasgow Warriors; and with the South African provincial side Western Province.

## Rugby Union career
### Amateur career

He played for Moseley.
He played for Esher in 2002.
He played for Stirling County.
He signed for Esher at the start of the 2008-09 season. He was still with Esher in 2009.
In 2013, he was playing for Sutton & Epsom.

### Provincial and professional career

He played for Western Province in South Africa.
He played for Glasgow Warriors in their Celtic League match against the Dragons on 5 March 2004. He has the Warrior Number 123.
# Preah Ko

Preah Ko (Khmer: ប្រាសាទព្រះគោ, "The Sacred Bull") was the first temple to be built in the ancient and now defunct city of Hariharalaya (in the area that today is called Roluos), some 15 kilometers south-east of the main group of temples at Angkor, Cambodia. The temple was built under the Khmer King Indravarman I in 879 to honor members of the king's family, whom it places in relation with the Hindu deity Shiva.

## Etymology

Preah Ko (Sacred Bull) derives its name from the three statues of sandstone located in the front of and facing the temple's central towers. These statues represent Nandi, the white bull who serves as the mount of Shiva.$^{:60–61}$

## History

After the Khmer king Jayavarman II founded the Khmer empire in 802 A.D., he finally established his capital at Hariharalaya, where he died.$^{:102–103}$ Indravarman I was the nephew of Jayavarman II. When he ascended to the throne, he ordered the construction first of Preah Ko, which was dedicated in 879, and later of the temple-mountain known as the Bakong. It is likely that this building program was made possible by the king's peaceful reign and his ability to draw income from the expanding empire. A restoration of the towers took place in early 1990s, financed by German government.

## Site

Preah Ko consists of six brick towers arranged in two rows of three towers each perched on a sandstone platform. The towers face east, and the front central tower is the tallest. The sanctuaries are dedicated to three divinized forefathers of Indravarman and their respective wives. The front central tower is dedicated to Jayavarman II, the founder of the Khmer empire. The tower to the left is dedicated to Prithivindreshvara, King Indravarman's father; the tower to the right to Rudreshvara, his grandfather. The three rear towers are dedicated to the wives of these three men. The central towers all bear images of the Hindu god Shiva.$^{:354–356}$
# Huw Richards

Huw David Richards (born 9 October 1960) is a former Welsh and Neath RFC rugby union player. He played in the 1987 Rugby World Cup as a lock and became the first player to receive a red card in a Rugby World Cup tournament.

## Biography

Richards was born on 9 October 1960 in Carmarthen and attended school in Ystradgynlais. He is best known for his achievements as a rugby union player.

### Career

Richards played for Abercrave RFC before moving on to Neath RFC. Neath were a rising force in Welsh rugby in the 1980s, finishing as runners up in the 1984 Welsh Cup final against Cardiff. From this Richards earned an international call-up, making his debut for the Welsh 'B' team in November of that year. He joined the 1986 tour of the South Pacific and was brought into a game against Tonga when, after a lengthy brawl, injured flanker Mark Brown had to be substituted. This was the first of four caps that he would earn.
Though not given a position as a first team player, Richards was part of the Welsh team at the inaugural Rugby World Cup in 1987. He was given his first start against Tonga in a pool match after several frontline players were rested but returned to the bench after that game. In the quarter-final against England Richards came on when Bob Norster was injured and he remained as part of the line-up for the semi-final against New Zealand. The Welsh side were no match for the dominant All Blacks and the game was all but over when Richards became the first player to receive a red card in the tournament. Emerging from a loose scrum, Gary Whetton elbowed Richards face. Richards punched Whetton and was in turn hit by New Zealand number eight Buck Shelford. Richards fell to the floor. After being revived he was sent off by referee Kerry Fitzgerald while Shelford escaped punishment. Richards also received a one-week suspension for his actions and missed the final match of the team's World Cup – the third place playoff against Australia. After the tournament he could no longer get into the international team but for several years continued to play for Neath.
# Yurdhai

Yurdhai (Persian: يوردهاي) may refer to:
* Yurdhai-ye Abdol Yusefi
* Yurdhai-ye Miraki
# Edward Carr Glyn

Edward Carr Glyn (21 November 1843 – 14 November 1928) was an Anglican bishop in England in the late 19th century and the early 20th century. He was the Bishop of Peterborough from 1897 to 1916.

## Life

Born in St George Hanover Square, London, Glyn was a younger son of George Glyn, 1st Baron Wolverton and Marianne, daughter of Pascoe Grenfell. He was the brother of George Glyn, 2nd Baron Wolverton, Sidney Glyn, Pascoe Glyn and Henry Glyn, a vice-admiral in the Royal Navy. He was educated at Harrow School and University College, Oxford and ordained in 1868.
After a curacy in Doncaster, Carr Glyn was the domestic chaplain to William Thomson, the Archbishop of York, and then held incumbencies at St Mary's Church, Beverley, St George's Church, Doncaster and St Mary Abbots Church, Kensington He became an Honorary Chaplain to the Queen and was the Bishop of Peterborough from 1897 until 1916. His election to the See of Peterborough was confirmed at St Mary-le-Bow on 22 February and he was consecrated a bishop on St Matthias' Day (24 February 1897), by Frederick Temple, Archbishop of Canterbury, at St Paul's Cathedral.
Carr Glyn displayed his total support for British involvement in the First World War three weeks after War was declared. In a sermon in the Cathedral for Christians of all denominations, he said ‘This war has been unsought and undesired by us. We are not fighting for increase of dominion or for enlargement of territory, but in spite of every endeavour to maintain the peace of Europe we now find ourselves necessarily and inevitably involved in a war which in severity and endurance is likely to surpass the recorded wars of English history’. He praised parents, sisters, lovers and friends for letting family members go off to the War. He sanctioned a prayer for animals suffering in the War, instituted parochial Rolls of Honour of those serving in the forces and had church bells ring at noon each day as a call to private prayer. He lost a son in the War.
Carr Glyn died in St George on 14 November 1928, aged 84.

## Family

He married Lady Mary Emma, daughter of George Campbell, 8th Duke of Argyll, in 1882. She died in March 1947, aged 87. They had several children, including Ralph Glyn, 1st Baron Glyn. and Margaret Isabel Frances, who married Admiral Herbert Meade.
# Semes Kandeh

Semes Kandeh or Semeskandeh or Samaskandeh (Persian: سمسكنده) may refer to:
* Pain Semes Kandeh
* Semes Kandeh-ye Olya
# Rockmelt

Rockmelt is a discontinued proprietary social media web browser developed by Tim Howes and Eric Vishria based on the Google Chromium project, incorporating social media features such as Facebook chat, Twitter notifications and widgetised areas for other content providers such as YouTube and local newspapers. The Rockmelt web browser project was backed by Netscape founder Marc Andreessen. In April 2013, Rockmelt discontinued its desktop web browser, replacing it with a collaborative project bringing together social elements from various sources.
Rockmelt was created by Rockmelt, Inc., located in Mountain View, California. The final version, 2.2.0, was released on February 9, 2013.
On August 2, 2013, Yahoo! acquired Rockmelt. Rockmelt apps and its website were shut down after August 31, 2013. Yahoo! said in a statement that it planned to repurpose Rockmelt's software for use in various existing products.

## History

* November 7, 2010 – Rockmelt for PC and Mac launches in private beta
* March 11, 2011 – Rockmelt for PC and Mac launches in open beta
* April 19, 2011 – Rockmelt for iPhone launches
* October 11, 2012 – Rockmelt for iPad launches
* December 20, 2012 – a new Rockmelt for iPhone launches
* April 11, 2013 – Rockmelt for Web launches
* June 19, 2013 – Rockmelt for Android launches
* June 27, 2013 – Rockmelt for Windows launches
* August 2, 2013 – Rockmelt is acquired by Yahoo
* August 31, 2013 – Rockmelt mobile applications pulled off of web

## Reception

Rockmelt was positively received by Tom's Guide, though they noticed that the RAM consumption was higher than Chrome or Firefox. The browser's "Edges" were called "the three most prominent features of the RockMelt browser".
Notebook Review, while comparing Rockmelt to Flock, gave Rockmelt 4.5 stars out of 5, with the absence of extension support being the most noticeable issue with the browser. "The social networking integration is worlds better than Flock's, and ... there are at least some very useful features that RockMelt leverages. The news feed really is well done, and the Facebook handling is certainly better than Flock."
In a beta preview by Techcrunch, Rockmelt received mixed reviews mostly due to the browser using Chromium as its base, with a number of concerns whether the browser would find its audience.
In a short review by PCWorld, Megan Geuss stressed the overall Facebook integration of the browsers, which would not work for every user, while also praising the performance of Rockmelt: "the fledgling browser works really quickly. It did an even better job than Chrome at processing HTML5".
A PCMech review of Rockmelt stressed how easy it was to share content via Rockmelt, and the browser received praises for the option to add additional feeds. "It is easier than manually going to Twitter or Facebook and is most certainly easier when managing feeds for the web sites you visit often. On top of that, it looks good."
# Keiichiro Hirano

Keiichirō Hirano (平野 啓一郎, Hirano Keiichirō, born June 22, 1975) is a Japanese novelist.
Hirano was born in Gamagori, Aichi prefecture, Japan. He published his first novel (Nisshoku, 日蝕) in 1998 and won the Akutagawa Prize the next year as one of the youngest winners ever (at 23 years of age). He graduated from the Law Department of Kyoto University in 1999. In 2005 he was nominated as a cultural ambassador and spent a year in France.

## Novels

* L'Eclipse (日蝕)
* Conte de la première lune (一月物語)
* The Only Form of Love (かたちだけの愛 [単行本]) 2008
* Dawn (ドーン (講談社文庫) [文庫]) 2009
* A Man (ある男 (文藝春秋)) 2018
* Other Works, Essays, Dialogues, etc.
His short story "Clear Water" (Shimizu, 清水), translated by Anthony Chambers, appears in Modern Japanese Literature, Volume 2 (Columbia University Press, 2007), pp. 542–549.

## Awards

* 120th (1998) Akutagawa Prize
* 18th (2000) Kyoto Culture Prize
* 59th (2008) Education, Science and Technology Minister’s Art Encouragement Prize for New Writers, for Dam Break
* 19th (2009) Prix Deux Magots Bunkamura, for Dawn
# Hero of Uzbekistan

Hero of Uzbekistan (Uzbek: Oʻzbekiston qahramoni, Cyrillic Ўзбекистон қаҳрамони) is the highest national award in the Republic of Uzbekistan. It is awarded to citizens of Uzbekistan and non-citizens for merit to the country. The title "Hero of Uzbekistan" and the medal that comes with it, Oltin Yulduz ("Gold Star") are awarded by the President of Uzbekistan. The parliament of Uzbekistan first created the law establishing the award on 5 May 1994, and since then more than 50 people have received it.

## History and creation

The title "Hero of Uzbekistan" has its origins in its predecessor title, the Hero of the Soviet Union, which was the highest distinction in the Soviet Union and Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic from the award's creation on April 16, 1934, until the dissolution of the Soviet Union on December 26, 1991. The Supreme Soviet of the Republic of Uzbekistan, then the country's legislative body, created the Hero of Uzbekistan on 5 May 1994.

## Notable recipients

| Awardee | Country | Date |
| Islam Karimov | Uzbekistan | 1994 |
| Abdulla Oripov | Uzbekistan | 1998 |
| Erkin Vohidov | Uzbekistan | 1999 |
| Vera Pak | Uzbekistan | 2001 |
| Ozod Sharafiddinov | Uzbekistan | 2002 |
| Malika Abdullahodjaeva | Uzbekistan | 2006 |
| Hamza Mahkamov | Uzbekistan | 2007 |
| Khasan Normurodov | Uzbekistan | 2019 |
| Musa Yerniyazov | Uzbekistan | 2019 |
| Lola Murotova | Uzbekistan | 2019 |
| Munojot Yulchiyeva | Uzbekistan | 2021 |
# Jangalabad

Jangalabad (Persian: جنگل اباد) may refer to:
* Jangalabad, Anbarabad
* Jangalabad-e Bala, Jiroft County
* Jangalabad-e Pain, Jiroft County
* Jangalabad, Manujan
* Jangalabad, Qaleh Ganj
* Jangalabad, Rabor
* Jangalabad, Rigan
# Lesley Storm

Lesley Storm was the pen-name of Mabel Cowie (1898–1975), also known by her married name of Mabel Clark.
She was a Scottish writer, who wrote a number of plays, some of which were filmed. Black Chiffon and Roar Like a Dove were major hits. She also wrote several screenplays, including The Heart of the Matter (1953), based on the novel by Graham Greene, and The Spanish Gardener, based on the 1950 novel of the same name by A.J. Cronin.
She wrote some novels, the best known was Lady, What of Life? (Cassell, 1928). It depicted London social life in transition from Victorian to modern times.

## Selected filmography

* East of Piccadilly (1940)
* Banana Ridge (1942)
* Unpublished Story (1942)
* Alibi (1942)
* Flight from Folly (1945)
* Meet Me at Dawn (1947)
* White Cradle Inn (1947)
* The Fallen Idol (1948)
* Adam and Evelyne (1949)
* Golden Salamander (1950)
* The Ringer (1952)
* Personal Affair (1953)
* The Heart of the Matter (1953)
* The Spanish Gardener (1956)

## Selected plays

* Tony Draws a Horse (1938)
* Heart of the City (1942)
* Great Day (1945)
* Black Chiffon (1949)
# Valun tablet

The Valun tablet (Croatian: Valunska ploča) is an 11th-century bilingual (Old Croatian and Latin) and digraphic (Glagolitic and Latin) tablet, originally serving the role of a gravestone, found at the graveyard in Valun on the island of Cres, Croatia. It records that under the tablet three generations of one 11th-century Valun family rest in peace: the grandmother, her son and grandson (named Teha, Bratohna and Juna). Today, the Valun tablet is embedded in the wall of Saint Mary in Valun. Its bilinguality is important evidence of the coexistence of two ethnic and linguistic elements: old Romance and newly arrived Croatian.

## The tablet

The Valun tablet is a natural tablet, unprocessed by a carver, of a type that can commonly be found on karstic territory and employed by peasants for e.g. tiling the ground. According to Fučić it originally served as the marker of a shallowly dug grave at the church of Saint Mark in Bućevo above the present-day village of Valun on the island of Cres.

## The text

The tablet is equipped with a bilingual inscription: one in Croatian, carved in an older, rounded Glagolitic, and a Latin inscription, carved with Caroline.
The Latin text can be easily read:
    TECHNA ET FILIUS EIUS BRATOHNA
    ET IUNNA NEPUS EIUS
It's evident that the grave of 3 generations is in question, carrying old Croatian baptismal names. These are the grandmother Těha, her son Bratohna and her grandson Juna.
On the Glagolitic inscription, carrying the Old Croatian text, the names TĚHA and JUNA can easily be read, but BRATOHNA is missing. In the middle of the inscription 8 letters are found, two of which look unknown to Fučić, so he read the sequence as:
| S | ? | ? | Ъ | V | Ъ | K | Ъ |
| 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 |
The unknown letter (6) is according to Fučić old Glagolitic 'I', with a duplicated horizontal line separating the upper element from the lower. As for the unknown letter (7), the diagonal line in the eye of the letter N (14) in the word JUNA has led Fučić as a lead to the diagonal line in the letter (7), and notice that a carver has made an obvious mistake, carving at the wrong place a following semivowel. Now, after the word TĚHA word SINЪ "son" can be read, which matches to FILIUS "son" from the Latin text—and in the remaining group of letters VЪKЪ one should assume contracted NU in order to read VЪNUKЪ "grandson", in order to match the word from Latin text.
The Glagolitic inscription of the Valun tablet is thus:
| Symbol №№ | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 |
| Original text | ⱅ | ⱑ | ⱈ | ⰰ | ⱄ | ⰻ | ⱀ | ⱏ | ⰲ | ⱏ | | ⰽ | ⱏ | ⱓ | ⱀ | ⰰ |
| Cyrillicized original text | т | ѣ | х | а | с | ї | н | ъ | в | ъ | | к | ъ | ю | н | а |
| Romanized original text | t | ě | h | a | s | i | n | ъ | v | ъ | (nu) | k | ъ | ju | n | a |

## Dating

Latin inscription in Caroline can date to 9th, 10th and 11th century. Glagolitic inscription is of markedly rounded Glagolitic.
The types of semivowels, triangular Ě, V with semicircular joint, K with long lateral line—all unambiguously point to the 11th century.
# Nho Quế River

The Nho Quế River (Vietnamese: Sông Nho Quế) is a river of Vietnam and China. It flows through Hà Giang Province, Cao Bằng Province and China for 192 kilometres. The river has a basin area of 6052 square kilometres,
23°23′30″N 105°19′26″E﻿ / ﻿23.3917°N 105.3239°E﻿ / 23.3917; 105.3239
# Bachelor's Degree Examination for Self-Education System

The Bachelor's Degree Examination for Self-Education System (BDES, Korean: 독학학위제) makes it possible to obtain a bachelor's degree without attending a regular college or university by passing the examination administered by the South Korean government.
The Constitution of the Republic of Korea states the government should promote lifelong education. To actualize this, "the Law of Bachelor’s Degree Examination for Self-Education" was established on 7 April 1990.

## History

* Gaston Bachelard's Degree and Similar System of France
* 1990 April 7, Promulgation of the Act of bachelor's degree Examination for Self-Education (Statute No. 4227)
* 1990 June 20, Establishment of the Department of the Degree Approval at the National Board of Educational Evaluation
* 1992, The 1st Conferment of bachelor's degrees
* 1998 January 1, Transfer of the control to Korea National Open University (KNOU)
* 2008 February 15, Transfer of control to National Institute for Lifelong Education (NILE) according to "the amendment of the Lifelong Education Act"

## Major

* Korean Language & Literature
* English Language & Literature
* Business Administration
* Public Administration
* Law
* Computer Science
* Home Economics
* Psychology
* Information & communications engineering
* Childhood Education (Only 3rd and final exam)
* Nursing (Only final exam)
* Chinese Language & Literature (Closed)
* Mathematics (Closed)
* Agriculture (Closed)
Three major fields (Chinese Language & Literature, Mathematics, and Agriculture) were closed because of the decrease in the number of applicants. But, those who already passed more than a course in the three major fields are still allowed to apply for their further examinations.
Childhood education is established only in the 3rd and the final examination, and Nursing is established only in the final examination because it requires a practicum.

## Process

There are 4 exams for obtaining a bachelor's degree. Applying for each exam requires qualification. For example, a person who is eligible to apply for the second exam does not need to pass the first exam.
* 1st exam: Qualifying Examination for Liberal Arts
* 2nd exam: Qualifying Examination for Major-Basic
* 3rd exam: Qualifying Examination for Major-Advanced
* Final exam: Comprehensive Examination
Each exam is held once a year, which means that it takes at least a year to obtain a bachelor's degree.
# Kaltasy

Kaltasy (Russian: Калтасы) is the name of two rural localities in the Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia:
* Kaltasy, Kaltasinsky District, Republic of Bashkortostan, a selo in Kaltasinsky District
* Kaltasy, Karaidelsky District, Republic of Bashkortostan, a village in Karaidelsky District
# Rum-Bar Rum

Rum-Bar Rum is a white overproof rum produced in Jamaica and sold worldwide by Worthy Park Estate. Since its introduction in 2007, the Rum-Bar brand has been expanded to include Rum-Bar Rum Cream, a cream liqueur made with a blend of 100% real cream and Rum-Bar Rum; Rum-Bar Gold, a 4 year old premium gold rum; and a line of Rum-Bar vodkas, which includes classic and green apple varieties.