OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Burhan-i Qati

The Burhan-i Qati (Persian: برهان قاطع, lit. '[The] Conclusive Proof') is a Persian dictionary compiled during the 17th century by Muhammad Husayn bin Khalaf Tabrizi. Produced in the Indian city of Hyderabad and dedicated to the seventh Qutb Shahi sultan Abdullah Qutb Shah, the dictionary was popular in the Indian subcontinent and beyond. It also received criticism and was a source of controversy among writers and linguists.

## Writing

Muhammad Husayn bin Khalaf Tabrizi (who used the pen-name Burhan) was a scholar of obscure origins. He may have immigrated to India from Tabriz, but it is also possible that he inherited his nisba from ancestors of his who had migrated from Tabriz to India in the past. He settled in the Deccan region of the Indian subcontinent and served in the court of Abdullah Qutb Shah for some time. Muhammad Husayn completed his dictionary in 1651–1652.

## Content

The Burhan-i Qati contains approximately 20,211 entries, with the number varying across editions. The dictionary consists of a nine-part introduction and a twenty-nine-chapter main text. The main text is arranged in alphabetical order, unlike many of the dictionary's predecessors. Muhammad Husayn cites four dictionaries as sources for the Burhan-i Qati, namely: the Farhang-i Jahangiri, the Majma al-Furs, the Surma-yi Sulaymani, and the Sihah al-adwiya, though the content of the dictionary indicates that the author used more sources than these.
Around half of the entries in the Burhan-i Qati are accompanied by pronunciation guides for the defined word. The dictionary notably contains many non-Persian words from several Iranian languages such as Avestan, Khwarezmian, Sogdian, Sistani, Gilaki, and Tabari. Words from other languages like Hebrew, Syriac, Turkish, Greek, Latin, and vernacular Indian languages, especially Dakani, also appear.

## Legacy

The Burhan-i Qati became very famous following its completion due to its wide range of words and compounds, the convenience of its alphabetical ordering, and its collation of the material in other dictionaries. It was frequently reproduced in India and Iran, and further spread by the advent of printing technology. The dictionary was used as a reference by writers and linguists more than any other Persian dictionary, and was consulted in the production of subsequent dictionaries Farhang-i anjuman aray-i Nasiri, Farhang-i Anand Raj, and Farhang-i Nafisi. The Burhan-i Qati was also used in the compilation of several Persian dictionaries in other languages.
The dictionary received criticism for containing etymological, historical, and geographical errors, and for including words not actually in use in Persian. This led to many writers using false words in their work and adopting spurious names. Such errors were noticed a century later by Siraj-ud-Din Ali Khan Arzu and corrected in his own dictionary. Towards the end of his life, famed poet Mirza Ghalib wrote a criticism of the Burhan-i Qati, titled 'Qati-i Burhan', which initiated a storm of controversy. Several responses arose both for and against the dictionary.
# Austin Dewing

Austin Dewing (born December 30, 1996) is an American soccer player. He is an officer in the United States Air Force.

## Career
### College

Dewing played college soccer at the United States Air Force Academy between 2015 and 2018. While with the Falcons, Dewing made 78 appearances, scoring 29 goals and tallying 19 assists.
While at college, Dewing also appeared for USL PDL team Colorado Pride Switchbacks U23 during their 2018 season.

### Professional

On June 14, 2019, Dewing joined USL Championship side Colorado Springs Switchbacks. On May 21, 2021, it was announced that Dewing had been reassigned by the U.S. Air Force, and would leave the club to complete his training as a pilot.
# Jane Morgan (artist)

Jane Morgan (1832 – 4 April 1899) was an Irish painter and sculptor.

## Early life

Jane Morgan was one of five children of Anthony Morgan of Prospect Hill (now called Ardnalee) Carrigrohane, County Cork, Ireland.
She studied under Robert Richard Scanlan of the Cork School of Design and Joseph Robinson Kirk. She won a prize in 1860 for her life-sized sculpture Nourmahal and exhibited two marble pieces in Dublin in 1865. In 1865, she and her sister Maria "Middy" Morgan moved to Rome, where Jane Morgan became associated with the circle of expatriate artists including Harriet Hosmer and Emma Stebbins. Jane Morgan studied art in Rome, Copenhagen, Düsseldorf, and Munich. She lived in Munich for fifteen years.

## Paintings

Her paintings include large-scale human tableaus skillfully capturing details like clothing, such as Monks and a Courtier (1883), in a private collection. Her Is That All? (1898) in the Ulster Museum depicts a woman and her child selling prized possessions to a pawnbroker.
In 1884, Jane Morgan joined her sister Middy in the United States, where Middy was a journalist at the New York Herald. The sisters lived in an unusual house on Dekay Street on Staten Island that drew comment in multiple newspaper articles. It was a three-storey brick house with a mansard roof. The beams were of iron and the floors of stone and tile. The upper storeys were accessible only by ladder and it was intended to be both fire- and burglar-proof. Inside, the walls were decorated by Jane Morgan with marquetry that took her five years to complete.

## Death

Jane Morgan's sister Middy died in 1832 and she continued to live in the family home until her death of diphtheria on 4 April 1899. After her death, the paintings and marquetry in the house were sold to a relative and reinstalled in Hollybrook House, Skibbereen, County Cork.
# Alexander Goloborodko

Alexander Alexandrovich Goloborodko (Russian: Александр Александрович Голобородько; born September 28, 1938) is a Soviet and Russian actor of theater and cinema, People's Artist of the RSFSR (1988).

## Early life and education

Goloborodko was born on September 28, 1938, in Dniprodzerzhynsk.
Goloborodko began acting in amateur productions when still at school. In 1960 he graduated from Kiev Theater Institute.

## Career

After graduation, Goloborodko was accepted into the Crimean Russian Drama Theater acting troupe. In 1971, he became an artist of Lesya Ukrainka National Academic Theater of Russian Drama. In 1976, at the invitation of Mikhail Tsarev, he moved to the Maly Theater. In 1985 he moved to the troupe of Mossovet Theatre.
In the movie debuted in 1967 in the movie The Andromeda Nebula.
As of 2008 he was president of the Sozvezdie / Constellation International Film Festival, and vice-president of the Russian Guild of Film Actors.

## Personal life

His wife, Svetlana Shershnyova, is an actress at the Mossovet Theater, and their daughter is actress and TV presenter Oksana Goloborodko.

## Selected filmography

* The Andromeda Nebula (1967) as Ren Boz
* Viimne reliikvia (1969) as Gabriel
* Eleven Hopes (1975) as Lavrenyov
* Waiting for Love (1981) as watcher
* Battle of Moscow (1985) as Konstantin Rokossovsky
* The Royal Hunt (1990) as Grigory Orlov
* Stalingrad (1990) as Konstantin Rokossovsky
# Coralie de Burgh

Coralie de Burgh, Lady Kinahan (16 September 1924 – 31 July 2015) was a British Irish painter who won a bronze medal at the 1948 Olympic Exhibition. Born Coralie Isabel de Burgh to Captain Charles de Burgh, DSO and Isobel Caroline Berkeley de Burgh, she died on 31 July 2015 aged 90. In 1950 she married Ulster Unionist MP Robin Kinahan, with whom she had five children. With her husband she bought and restored Castle Upton at Templepatrick as their family home. One of her children, Danny, is also an Ulster Unionist MP.
# Katherine Swift

Katherine Swift (1956–2004) was an Irish-born Portuguese painter, illustrator and ceramicist.

## Biography

Born in Dublin in 1956, Swift was the first child of Patrick Swift (painter) and Oonagh Ryan (formerly married to Alexis Guedroitz with whom she had a daughter, Ania Guédroïtz). Her uncle was the artist and man of letters John Ryan; her aunt the film actress Kathleen Ryan. Her father gave a portrait of the poet Patrick Kavanagh to the doctor, Michael Solomons, as a gift for delivering Katherine and the doctor subsequently bequeathed the portrait to the Dublin Writers Museum, where it can be seen today. Katherine had a bohemian upbringing moving between Dublin, London and the Algarve in southern Portugal. Katherine had shown a gift for drawing and painting from an early age. Her father taught and encouraged her. As a teenager she attended boarding school in England and later studied at Art College in Lisbon and London before moving back to the Algarve permanently in 1982, when her father was diagnosed with a brain tumour. Her portraits include David Wright and her father. She illustrated several books including a guide to Portuguese restaurants. Throughout her life she continuously painted the Algarve landscape. For some years her work was inspired by ancient Celtic and Iberian imagery, as can be seen in the Acrobat displayed here. Swift had exhibitions in Dublin, London, and Algarve. She worked in a variety of media including oils, acrylics, ink, watercolour and ceramics.

## Ceramics

Porches Pottery (Olaria Algarve) Swift was involved with the pottery her father founded, Porches Pottery, from its inception. She showed an artistic flair from a young age and, as a child, would decorate ceramics. Swift, like her father, decorated free-hand. Following her father's death in 1983 she took over the management of Porches Pottery. At Porches she concentrated primarily on painting tile panels while also training Porches Pottery decorators in the free flowing style that is associated with Porches Pottery. Estudio Cynette
Estudio Destra In the late 1980s Swift founded, with the ceramicist Roger Metcalfe, a ceramics workshop and studio, Estudio Destra. Estudio Destra, which continues to be a working studio and workshop) is located in a 16th-century Jewish townhouse in Silves, Algarve. Silves was once the capital of the Algarve and an important Moorish city that rivalled Lisbon. Among the very few buildings to have survived the earthquake of 1775 in Silves were the Cathedral, begun in the 13th and completed in the 15th century, and the building that today houses Estudio Destra.
At Estudio Destra, Swift specialised in painting tile panels. Here she was to "gain international repute as a ceramics painter. Kate’s splendid works are free interpretations of ancient Iberian, Islamic and pre-Islamic designs. Every piece is unique and no stencils or any kind or reproductive technique is used". Swift and her studio were the subject of a documentary on Portuguese national TV.
Swift died in 2004.
# Elish Lamont

Elish Lamont or Elish La Mont(e) (c. 1800/1816 – 28 July 1870) was an Irish miniaturist.

## Life

Elish Lamont was born to a well-known business family in Belfast, in either 1800 or 1816. Her father was John Lamont, a stationer and printer. She went to London to train as a miniaturist, upon completing this training she returned to Belfast. She established herself as a professional artist by 1837. During her career in Belfast, Lamont lived at a number of addresses and lived alternately with her brothers, John, watchmaker and optician, and Dr Aeneas Lamont, surgeon. She opened a boarding and day school with a Miss Rock in 1851. The prospectus of which outlined that Lamont as an experienced tutor, with experience in England, France, and Germany. However, her involvement with the school had ceased by 1856. Lamont moved to an address on Clare St, Dublin in 1857, living there until 1859. Later in her life, she moved to England, where she became an acquaintance of Daniel Maclise, John Ruskin, and Charles Dickens. Lamont died on 28 July 1870, at Boley Hill, Rochester, Kent.

## Artistic work

At the beginning of her career, Lamont exhibited with the Belfast Association of Artists in 1837 and 1838. She was also exhibited with the Royal Hibernian Academy (RHA) from 1842 to 1858, and then again in 1870. It is possible that she is the contributing "Mrs Lamont" to the Northern Irish Art Union exhibition in Belfast in 1843 with 2 miniatures. She exhibited 7 miniatures at the Royal Academy of Arts (RA) in 1856 to 1859 as "Miss La Monte". Lamont is considered one of the earliest known professional woman artists in Belfast, going on to have a very successful career. She was commissioned by many aristocratic families in Northern Ireland, such as Lord Bangor, the Earl of Belfast, and the Dufferins. Lamont's miniatures of Lady Dufferin were exhibited by the RHA in 1851 and RA in 1866. Her miniatures of the dowager duchess of Manchester were engraved to be included in the Court Album, and 2 of her works were gifted to Queen Victoria when her visited Dublin in 1853. Lamont also produced a series of prints of crayon drawers in 1845, illustrating Moore's Irish melodies. A 1900 exhibition of deceased local artists in Belfast featured two of her paintings. A miniature of Miss O'Hara of Ballymena in the Ulster Museum is the only known work of Lamont in a public collection.

## Writings

Lamont was also a writer, producing a number of publications in 1843:
* The Northern Whig
* Impressions, thoughts and sketches during two years in Switzerland
* The gladiators
* The mission of the educator
Lamont collaborated with her sister on a volume of poetry, Christmas rhymes, or Three nights' revelry, in 1846, which she illustrated. She also wrote a novel published in 1855, Love versus money.
# Chekhovsky (rural locality)

Chekhovsky (Russian: Че́ховский; masculine), Chekhovskaya (Че́ховская; feminine), or Chekhovskoye (Че́ховское; neuter) is the name of several rural localities in Russia:
* Chekhovsky, Moscow Oblast, a settlement in Luchinskoye Rural Settlement of Istrinsky District of Moscow Oblast
* Chekhovsky, Oryol Oblast, a settlement in Zhdimirsky Selsoviet of Znamensky District of Oryol Oblast
* Chekhovskoye, a selo in Alexandrovsk-Sakhalinsky District of Sakhalin Oblast
# Barbara Balmer

Barbara Balmer RSA (23 September 1929 – 31 December 2017) was a Scottish artist and teacher.

## Biography

Balmer was born in Birmingham and, between 1946 and 1951, studied art at Coventry School of Art and then at the Edinburgh College of Art. A travelling scholarship enabled Balmer to further her studies in France and Spain during 1951 and 1952. She also visited Italy with a group led by Douglas Percy Bliss. From 1970 to 1980, Balmer was a visiting lecturer at Gray's School of Art in Aberdeen. Seven of her paintings were adapted as dust jackets for editions in the Virago Modern Classics series. A large mural by Balmer is situated in Cumbernauld Town Hall.
Balmer had a solo exhibition at the Aberdeen Art Gallery during 1995 and 1996. She was a regular exhibitor at the Royal Scottish Academy, the Society of Scottish Artists and the Royal Scottish Society of Painters in Watercolour and also with the Glasgow Group and regularly at the Richard Demarco Gallery in Edinburgh, where she had a solo show in 1970. Balmer's portrait of Demarco is in the Scottish National Portrait Gallery and several other public galleries hold examples of her work. A retrospective exhibition of her work was held at the Aberdeen Art Gallery and toured to venues in Dundee, Lincoln and Coventry.
Balmer lived and worked at various times in Aberdeen, Edinburgh and most recently in Stamford in Lincolnshire. A working visit to Tuscany was an annual event. She was married, for some 65 years, to the artist and designer George Mackie and the couple had two daughters.
# Anna King (artist)

Anna King, is a Scottish landscape artist "who seeks out forgotten spaces and derelict buildings."
She was born in Shetland, spent most of her life in the Scottish Borders, and lives in the village of Greenlaw, near Kelso.
She first came to attention of the general public at her degree show at Dundee's Duncan of Jordanstone College of Art and Design in 2005.

## Awards

In 2017, she won the top prize of £20,000 in the annual Jolomo Award, established by John Lowrie Morrison and awarded to Scottish Landscape Artists.
She also received the Royal Scottish Academy Landscape Award from the RSA Student Exhibition and also received the Ian Eadie Award from the Duncan of Jordanstone College of Art and Design

## Exhibitions

She has had solo exhibitions at:
* Open Eye Gallery in Edinburgh
* Beaux Art Gallery Bath
* 108 Fine Art, Harrogate
She has also exhibited at many other art galleries including the Glasgow Art Fair and the Gallery Heinzel.

## TV

She featured on the BBC Coast Series, when Alice Roberts visited her during one of her residencies at the Watchie and explored what drew Joan Eardley to Catterline. Also she is the featured artist in a recent Blackberry Ad which shows William Ramsay, founder of the Affordable Art Fair, visiting the artist and then using his BlackBerry Torch to share her paintings with his colleagues. She also featured in a BBC program "Making Art Work: First Idea to Final Piece"

## Art

She normally works in oil and pencil, on paper and board.
   "This gifted young artist has spent the past two winters working at Joan Eardley's clifftop studio at Catterline. The results are very different from Eardley's wild, densely painted seascapes: cooler, more cerebral, with an almost icy range of colours. Yet something of Eardley's response to nature as an untameable force is echoed in King's bleakly attractive images of post-industrial landscapes: empty feral places where nature is slowly reclaiming the land."
# Little Bird of Happiness

Little Bird of Happiness (1988, Persian: پرنده کوچک خوشبختی) is an Iranian film by the director Pouran Derakhshandeh. The script was written by Sirus Taslimi. The original Persian title is Parande-ye koochak-e khoshbakhti. The film won the Crystal Simorgh for Best Film (co-winner with Kani Manga by Seifollah Dad).
# Incomes Data Services

Incomes Data Services (IDS) was a British research organisation dedicated to employment-related areas.
Acquired by Thomson Reuters in September 2005, it was dedicated to providing original research, analysis and training on pay benchmarking, pay settlements, HR policy and practice, pensions law and practice, and employment law. IDS published numerous journals and books, had several subscription websites, and undertook contract research. In December 2014, Thomson Reuters announced its decision to close the business effective 31 March 2015, discontinuing the pay and HR products.
The employment law products – namely IDS Employment Law Brief, IDS Employment Law Handbooks, and IDS Employment Law Cases – continue to be published by Thomson Reuters and are available online through the Westlaw service.

## History

IDS was founded by David Layton in 1966 with the aim of providing accurate and timely information which could be put to practical use by all those involved in determining pay, benefits and related employment policies in Britain. The company was the first to provide this information. As the employment law field became more complex, IDS launched more information services covering new areas.
IDS was acquired by Thomson-owned Sweet & Maxwell in September 2005.
# Oachirakali

Oachira Kali is a festival that takes place in June in Oachira, Kerala, India. It is a mock battle between two groups, to the sound of drums, in a waterlogged field called padanilam at the Oachira Temple. Oachira Kali is celebrated in commemoration of the battle of Kayamkulam, fought between the Maharaja of Travancore Marthanda Varma and the Raja of Kayamkulam on the plains of Oachira Temple. The Padanilam or battlefield is a paddy field adjacent to the famous Oachira Parabrahma temple and the festivities are part of a ritual associated with the shrine.
# El Sol (festival)

El Sol is the common name for the "Latin American Advertising Festival", which is held annually in Spain.
The festival, which takes place by the end of May, is organised by the Spanish Association of Advertising Agencies (AEAP), and is aimed at promoting advertising creativity.

## Golden Sun

Each year works from Latin American countries, along with Portugal and the Latin community in the USA, compete in the contest to get the golden sun awards (Sol de Oro in Spanish).
# Vatsimanyoki

The Vatsimanyoki (Russian: Ватсиманйоки, Finnish: Vaatsimenjoki) is a river in the south of the Murmansk Oblast, Russia. It is 50 kilometres (31 mi) long, and has a drainage basin of 547 square kilometres (211 sq mi). The Vatsimanyoki flows into the Tuntsayoki.
# Ideluy

Ideluy (Persian: ايدلوي), also rendered as Igdalu or Idehlu, may refer to various places in Iran:
* Ideluy-e Olya
* Ideluy-e Sofla
# Infrared dark cloud

An infrared dark cloud (IRDC) is a cold, dense region of a giant molecular cloud. They can be seen in silhouette against the bright diffuse mid-infrared emission from the galactic plane.

## Discovery

Infrared dark clouds have only been recently discovered in 1996 using the ISO and therefore are in need of further research. The Spitzer Space telescope, created by NASA to detect infrared radiation, assisted in the location and identification of infrared dark clouds. The highly sensitive telescope was used to analyze the Milky Way and create numerous astronomical surveys at wavelengths that allowed for the detailed analysis of IRDCs. Through the use of convolutional neural networks, an IRDC catalog consisting of 18,845 items was created by two astronomers named Jyothish Pari and Joe Hora, who created a computer algorithm which could efficiently scan the images created by the Spitzer telescope’s IRAC camera to find infrared dark clouds.

## Importance

Astronomers believe that they represent the earliest stage in the formation of high-mass stars and are therefore of great importance for understanding the star formation process as a whole.
# Ubasi Khong Tayiji

Ubasi Khong Tayiji (Mongolian: Убаши хунтайж) was a 17th-century Mongol prince. He was the first Altan Khan of the Khalkha who ruled Khotgoids in northwestern Khalkha. He was defeated by the Oirats in 1623.
# Mazubon

Mazubon (Persian: مازوبن) may refer to:
* Mazubon, Gilan
* Mazubon-e Olya, Mazandaran Province
* Mazubon-e Sofla, Mazandaran Province
# Galuyak

Galuyak or Galooyek or Galuyok or Geluyok (Persian: گلويك) may refer to:
* Galuyak-e Olya
* Galuyak-e Sofla
# Aliabad-e Sadat

Aliabad-e Sadat (Persian: علي ابادسادات) may refer to:
* Aliabad-e Sadat, Anbarabad
* Aliabad-e Sadat, Rafsanjan
# Bodelva

Bodelva (Cornish: Boselwydh) is a hamlet in south Cornwall, England, UK, in the civil parish of St Blaise. It is about 1 mile (1.6 km) west of St Blazey. Bodelva is the location of the Eden Project, opened in 2001, a horticultural visitor attraction built in a china clay quarry.
# Mulanabad

Mulanabad or Moolan Abad or Mowlanabad (Persian: مولان اباد) may refer to:
* Mulanabad, Kermanshah
* Mulanabad, Kurdistan
# Novo Selo, Kičevo

Novo Selo (Macedonian: Ново Село, Albanian: Novosellë) is a village in the municipality of Kičevo, North Macedonia. It used to be part of the former municipality of Oslomej. The etymology of the village comes from Slavic languages meaning new village, Novo Selo.

## History

After the capture of the village by Partisan forces in the autumn of 1944, 16 Albanian men, women and children were massacred by the incoming communist forces.

## Demographics

According to the 1942 Albanian census, Novo Selo was inhabited by a total of 260 Muslim Albanians, 58 Serbs, 26 Bulgarians.
As of the 2021 census, Novo Selo had 38 residents with the following ethnic composition:
* Albanians 36
* Macedonians 1
* Persons for whom data are taken from administrative sources 1
According to the 2002 census, the village had a total of 143 inhabitants. Ethnic groups in the village include:
* Albanians 141
* Macedonians 2