OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Mashat

The Mashat (Kazakh: Машат, Maşat) is a river of southern Kazakhstan. It is a left tributary of the Arys.
A memorandum of cooperation for the construction of two hydroelectric power plants to be built on the Masha River in the Tulkibas District were signed with the Turkish company Endustriyel Eletrik Elektronik.
# Philo H. Olmsted

Philo Hopkins Olmsted (February 26, 1793 – February 20, 1870) was the eighth mayor and 12th mayor of Columbus, Ohio. He was also the eighth person to serve in that office. He served Columbus for three years during non-consecutive terms. His successor after 1833 was John Brooks and after 1839 was John G. Miller.
# David, Bishop of the Kurds

David (Syriac: ܕܘܝܕ ܕܟܪ̈ܬܘܝܐ, romanized: Dawid d-Kartwāyē) was a monk, bishop and historian of the Church of the East in the 7th or 8th century.
Originally a monk of Beth Abe, he later became the bishop of the Kurdish tribes in the region of Kartaw. This region was located in Upper Mesopotamia, in the north of Adiabene, west of the Lower Zab and north of Erbil. He was writing no earlier than the reign of Hnanisho I, patriarch of the Church of the East from 686 to 698.
David wrote in Syriac a work known as the Little Paradise (Syriac: Pardīsā zʿūrā) to distinguish it from the Paradise of the Fathers of Palladius of Galatia and the Paradise of the Orientals of Joseph Hazzaya. It is presumed lost. According to Thomas of Marga in chapter XXI of his Book of Governors, David wrote at the request of a Persian nobleman named Khuznahir, a Christian from Bashosh (near Shalmash). The Little Paradise was a series of "histories" of Mesopotamian ascetics beginning with George bar Sayyadhe, who was the ninth abbot of Beth Abe in 590. It certainly also contained biographies of the next four abbots of Beth Abe: George's brother and successor, Sama of Neshra; Nathaniel; Selibha the Aramaean; and Gabriel, called the Little Sparrow, who flourished in the late seventh century. It does not appear to have been an extensive work, more probably having a "bite-size, compilatory structure." It was probably conceived as a companion volume to Enanisho's Syriac edition of Palladius. Thomas of Marga cites it in his chapter XXIV concerning a famine that took place during the youth of John of Daylam. David's work is also cited in the metrical history of Beth Qoqa by John bar Zobi.
Several modern authors identify the David who was bishop of the Kurds and author of the Little Paradise with David of Beth Rabban, who was active during the reign of Timothy I (780–823). Carl Anton Baumstark and Sebastian Brock, however, clearly distinguish the two.
# Zhuo Renxi

Zhuo Renxi (Chinese: 卓仁禧; 12 February 1931 – 6 August 2019) was a Chinese chemist who specialized in biomaterial research. He served as professor and Chair of the Department of Chemistry of Wuhan University. He was an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and a Fellow of Biomaterials Science and Engineering.

## Early life and education

Zhuo was born on 12 February 1931 in Xiamen, Fujian, Republic of China. After graduating from the Department of Chemistry of Fudan University, he was assigned to teach at Wuhan University as an assistant professor. From 1957 to 1959, he furthered his studies at Nankai University, where he conducted research in organosilicon chemistry under the guidance of Soviet experts.
After returning to Wuhan University, he was promoted to lecturer in 1960, associate professor in 1978, and full professor in 1982. From 1983 to 1984, he was a visiting scholar at Yale University in the United States. He later served as Chair of the Department of Chemistry of Wuhan University.

## Research career

In 1972, Zhuo developed an organosilicon-based anti-fogging coating for optical glass, which was widely used in military telescopes and telescopic sights. After the death of Mao Zedong in 1976, Zhuo developed anti-fogging coating for Mao's crystal coffin that is displayed in his mausoleum.
From the 1980s, Zhuo focused on biomedical polymer research. He led the Biomedical Materials Laboratory at Wuhan University, which was designated a national key laboratory in 2003. He was an editor for multiple research journals including Chinese Journal of Reactive Polymers, Chinese Journal of Polymer Science, and Polymer International.
For his significant contributions to the research of organosilicon chemistry and biomaterials, Zhuo was awarded multiple national and ministerial awards in natural sciences, including two National Science Congress awards. He was elected an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1997 and a Fellow of Biomaterials Science and Engineering in 2000.

## Later life

Zhuo retired in December 2018. He died in Wuhan on 6 August 2019, at the age of 88.
# Grete Mostny

Grete Mostny (17 September 1914 – 15 December 1991) was a Jewish Austrian who became a leading Chilean anthropologist. She was born in Austria but had to leave because of the rise of the Nazis. She went to Belgium to complete her studies before leaving for Chile. At the end of the war she was invited back to Austria but she preferred to become a naturalised Chilean. She led a number of archaeological investigations and the Chilean National Museum of Natural History.

## Life

Mostny was born in Linz in 1914. She enrolled at Vienna University but she had to leave in 1937 because of the rise of the Nazis. She had already completed her dissertation on the clothes of ancient Egypt and part of her exams but she had to complete her doctorate in Brussels in Belgium in 1939. She had already taken part in archaeological investigations at both Luxor and Cairo in Egypt. She left with her brother, Kurt, and her mother for Chile. Chile took in a large number of German refugees in 1939. There was already a significant German community in Chile, but this was also a source of anti-Semitism.
At the end of the war she was invited back to Austria but she preferred to become a naturalised Chilean in 1946.
She led a number of archaeological investigations in South America. In 1954 she was involved when her museum took delivery of the Plomo Mummy. This mummy was the remains of a child found on a mountain where it had been sacrificed by the Incas.
Mostny took over from Humberto Fuenzalida and led the Chilean National Museum of Natural History in Santiago from 1964 to 1982.
Mostny died from cancer in Santiago in 1991.

## Legacy

The University of Vienna records her biography as she was an expelled student and a victim of National Socialism. The university gives a prize for a dissertation in honour of Grete Mostny. The prize is for a dissertation in the Historical and Cultural Studies faculty and it has been awarded since 2013. Mostny's dissertation is stored in ceramic form in a salt mine in Hallstatt.

## Selected works

* Culturas precolombinas de Chile, 1954
* Peine, un pueblo atacameño, 1954
* Los museos de Chile , 1975
* Prehistoria de Chile , 1971
* Arte rupestre chileno, 1983
# Thomas Holbein

Thomas Holbein (born March 6, 1983) is a French professional footballer, who currently plays in the Championnat de France amateur 2 for AS Illzach Modenheim.

## Career

Holbein played at the professional level in Ligue 2 for Besançon RC and in Serie C2 for A.C. Legnano.
# Willow Canyon, Arizona

Willow Canyon is a census-designated place in Pima County, in the U.S. state of Arizona. The population was "S" (Seasonal) at the 2010 census.

## Geography

The community is an area of USFS Recreation Residences within the Coronado National Forest, north of Tucson on the Catalina Highway. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the community has an area of 0.333 square miles (0.86 km$^2$), all land.

## Education

It is not in any school district. The Pima County School Superintendent arranges for education of K-12 students living in areas without school districts.
# Rui Chatrapati Dam

Rui Chatrapati Dam (Marathi: रुई छत्रपती धरण), is an earth-fill dam on Gopal Ganga river in Rui Chatrapati village in Parner taluka of Ahmednagar district of state of Maharashtra in India.

## Specifications

The height of the dam above lowest foundation is 10.77 m (35.3 ft) while the length is 420 m (1,380 ft). The gross storage capacity is 1,350 km$^3$ (320 cu mi).

## Purpose

* Irrigation
* Drinking water for neatest villages
# Bostaq

Bostaq (Persian: بسطاق, also Romanized as Bosţāq, Basţāq, and Bustāq) is a village in Seh Qaleh Rural District, Seh Qaleh District, Sarayan County, South Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 1,136, in 236 families.
# Rim Kwang-il

Rim Kwang-il (Korean: 림광일; born 1965) is a North Korean general and politician who served as Chief of the General Staff Department of the Korean People's Army.

## Biography

In January 2016, he was appointed the 1st Deputy Chief of the General Staff of the Korean People's Army and the Director-General of Operations Department, succeeding Kim Chun-sam. He was promoted to First Deputy Director-General of the General Staff Reconnaissance General Bureau in 2017 and was promoted to Colonel general in April of the same year. At the 5th Plenary Session of the 7th Central Committee of the Workers' Party of Korea held in December 2019, he was elected as a member of the Central Committee of the Workers' Party of Korea and appointed Director General of the Reconnaissance General Bureau to succeed Jang Gil-sung. Afterwards, he was promoted to a rank in the Korean People's Army and was elected a member of the Party Central Military Commission. In 2020, he was promoted to general of the Korean People's Army, and in 2021 he was appointed a candidate member of the Politburo of the Party Central Committee, and in September he was appointed Chief of the General Staff of the Korean People's Army. In 2015, he served as a member of the funeral committee at the time of the death of Ri Eul-Seol and Kim Yang-Gun.
# Kasturi Srinivasan

Kasturi Srinivasan (7 August 1887 – 21 June 1959) was an Indian journalist and businessman. He was the eldest son of S. Kasturi Ranga Iyengar.

## Biography

Srinivasan was born to well-known lawyer and journalist, S. Kasturi Ranga Iyengar, in August 1887. He graduated from the Presidency College, Madras and joined The Hindu, the newspaper owned by his family, at an early age. He became the Managing Director of The Hindu on the death of Kasturi Ranga Iyengar in 1923 with S. Rangaswami Iyengar as Chief Editor. In February 1934, Srinivasan took over as Chief Editor. He led The Hindu until his death on 21 June 1959.
Srinivasan was a founder-Chairman of the Press Trust of India and was awarded the Padma Bhushan in January 1956. In 1969, he translated the entire work of the Tirukkural into English in verse form.
He had four children – two daughters, S. Radha and S. Champakavalli and two sons, Srinivasan Parthasarathy and S. Rangarajan, both of whom publishers of The Hindu. The immensely popular Parthasarathy, who was Publisher of The Hindu, died shortly after his father at the age of 33. He had a wide circle of friends in The Hindu, India and abroad. Rangarajan died in 2007 and was, in addition to his position in The Hindu, an international dog judge and film producer.
# Louvigné-du-Désert

Louvigné-du-Désert (French pronunciation:; Breton: Louvigneg-an-Dezerzh) is a commune in the Ille-et-Vilaine department in Brittany in northwestern France.

## Population

Inhabitants of Louvigné-du-Désert are called Louvignéens in French.
# Michel Doury

Michel Doury (1931–2007) was a French writer and translator (in particular Thomas Pynchon, Raymond Chandler, Richard Brautigan and Leonard Cohen). In 1969, he won the Roger Nimier Prize with his work L'indo. In 1988 he was awarded the Prix Mottart by the Académie française.

## Work

* 1965: La Paix des braves, Julliard
* 1967: Un matin froid, Christian Bourgois éditeur [fr]
* 1968: Le Jardin anglais, Julliard
* 1969: L'Indo, Julliard
* 1971: La Chasse en octobre, Julliard
* 1972: Le Petit Requiem, followed by Pour Déroulède
* 1977: Le Grand Soir, Éditions de la Table ronde
* 1986: Monsieur Léopold, Éditions Balland [fr]
* 1987: Vive l'empereur, Éditions Balland
# Moortown St Malachy's GAC

Moortown St Malachy's is a GAA club based in the village of Moortown in County Tyrone, Northern Ireland.

## History

Moortown are one of the most successful clubs in Tyrone having won four Tyrone Senior Football Championships in 1941, 1942, 1950 and 1992.
Moortown St Malachys will celebrate their centenary year in 2023.
Their last county championship victory came in 1992 and the side was captained by James Devlin. However, the Malachys have a less than inspiring record in finals and on innumerable occasions have reached junior, intermediate and senior finals and then fallen at the final hurdle.
The club used to field a hurling team in the 1970s, competing in the Derry league.
Their pitch for many years, Tobin Park, has now reached the end of its use and the club has moved to their new pitch on Aneeter Road. There are three pitches, a warm up area and just recently, a new community hall has been developed. The club intend to start work on changing rooms and gym in 2023.
Within only four years of formation, the Ladies senior team have been promoted to the top tier for 2023 and for the first time in the club's history they will have both Senior Ladies and Men's teams compete in Division 1.

## Honours

* Tyrone Senior Football Championship: (4)
** 1941, 1942, 1950, 1992
* Tyrone Intermediate Football Championship: (2)
** 1975, 2021
* Tyrone Junior Football Championship: (5)
** 1934, 1948, 1950, 1952, 1969

## Ladies honours

* Tyrone Ladies Intermediate Championship
** 2022
* Tyrone Ladies Junior Championship
** 2021
# Lillian Lewis Batchelor

Lillian Lewis Batchelor (November 17, 1907 – June 28, 1977) was an American librarian, known for her advocacy for the creation and proper staffing of elementary school libraries. She was president of the American Association of School Librarians and served as a councilor to the American Library Association.
Batchelor had worked in libraries since high school, and was a public and school librarian in New Jersey and Pennsylvania before becoming the supervisor of high school libraries for the Philadelphia School District's Board of Education. She served in this position from 1948 through 1966 when she became the Assistant Director of Libraries for the district. She was also an adjunct professor at Drexel University's School of Library Science. She was formative in creating the American Library Association's Standards for School Library Programs in 1960.
Batchelor is also credited with creating 166 elementary school libraries within Philadelphia throughout the mid 1960s. These libraries were created, but were difficult to staff with trained librarians; Batchelor, through her work with Drexel University, created an internship program to educate school librarians, a position partially funded by the Philadelphia School District's Board of Education.
Batchelor wanted librarians to look at books as "the gunpowder of the mind" to encourage and excite young people. She was an early advocate of instructional materials centers, which combined traditional libraries with ways to access multimedia materials useful for teaching. She was particularly interested in students who were motivated and/or gifted and edited and assembled a collection of papers entitled Reading Guidance for the Gifted in 1962. Designed to be useful to the non-specialist, this collection combined theory and practice to encourage schools to have enrichment activities for their gifted pupils.

## Early life and education

Batchelor was born in Camden, New Jersey to parents Albert Kirk and Estella May Lewis. Her husband was Howard I. Batchelor, a podiatrist. She earned both a Bachelor of Science degree from the University of Pennsylvania and a library science degree from the Drexel Institute of Technology in 1930. She earned her masters of arts degree from Columbia University in 1946 and her doctorate in 1952 from the same university.

## Death

Batchelor died on June 28, 1977, at her home in Moorestown, New Jersey.
# Husayn Kharrazi

Hossein Kharrazi (Persian: حسین خرازی) (23 August 1957 – 27 February 1987) was an Iranian military officer who served as the commander of the IRGC's 14th Imam Hussein Division during the Iran–Iraq War. He supported the Iranian Revolution and after its victory, served and helped safeguarding it. He was engaged in many operations during the war, namely Dawn 8, in which he captured troops of Saddam's Republican Guard in al-Faw Peninsula; and in Operation Karbala-5 (also known as the Siege of Basra) commander of the vanguard forces. Kharrazi was killed by shrapnel from a mortar shell during the Siege of Basra.

## History

During his adolescence he was interested in religious publications. Kharrazi participated in religious congregations and learning theological subjects. His curiosity toward religious matters increased during the campaigns against the Pahlavis and he became more aware of the contemporary political circumstances. While performing his military service, Kharrazi was sent to Dhofar. He deserted the armed forces finally in 1978, according to the direction of Ruhollah Khomeini, and joined the revolutionaries.

## Iran–Iraq War

His first considerable command was in Darkhovin region close to Abadan–Ahvaz road, known as "The Lion Frontier". In the battle, the Iranian troops resisted Saddam's army for 9 months. He became the commander of Darkhovin front. Kharrazi served actively in freeing Bostan afterwards. Following Operation Tarigh ol-Qods, Imam Hussein Brigade was established which soon was reorganized to a division with Kharrazi being appointed as the Major General. His troops participated in the operations Fath-ol-Mobeen and Beit ol-Moqaddas (which liberated Khorramshahr). In the later operation, his division was among the first which passed Karun river and reached Ahvaz–Khorramshahr road. As a commander he was also involved in other operations like Ramadan, Before the Dawn, Dawn 4; and Khaibar during which he lost an arm. He often reconnoitered combatant's territories himself. In Operation Dawn 8, his troops managed to defeat Saddam's Republican Guard and had victories in Al-Faw Peninsula and around "Salt Factory". During Operation Karbala-5, Kharrazi's division was the spearhead and succeeded to pass arched embankments of the combatant army. He was incredibly popular among Iranian fighters.
"Karbala-5" was his last operation. Under the heavy artillery bombardment of Saddam's forces, food supplies became critical. He took the direct responsibility of providing food. Kharrazi was a staunch adherent of Islam and the ideals of the Islamic revolution of Iran. However, senior commanders criticized him for taking towns in excess of their requests and on his own initiative. Kharrazi believed that the Iran–Iraq War could have been over in a week, had he not been held back by the Iranian command.
He was killed in action by shrapnel from a mortar bomb during battle in Operation Karbala-5 in 1987.
# Gertrude Kearns

Gertrude Steiger Kearns CM (born 1950) is a Canadian contemporary war artist.

## Early life

Kearns was born in 1950 to father Frederic Steiger in Toronto, Ontario.

## Career

Inspired by the Gulf War, Kearns began drawing war art with a focus on military experiences in Somalia and Rwanda. By 1997, the War Museum housed two of her paintings of Kyle Brown and later accepted her MacKenzie and Dallaire portraits. In 2003, Kearns was one of the chosen artists sent to Afghanistan under the Canadian Forces Artists Program. Upon her return, Kearns completed a three-panel painting titled "What They Gave," which included an image of three wounded men in hospital settings.
   “War can be very direct and blunt, but (Kearns’s) work has levels of nuance and subtlety that really make one step back and think hard as to what she is trying to say through her art.”
– Retired Lieutenant-General Andrew Leslie on Kearns' portrait Gen Andrew Leslie, Science of War.
In 2005, two of her art pieces depicting Canadian soldiers, specifically Kyle Brown, torturing Shidane Arone, were displayed at the Canadian War Museum. As a result, boycotts arose from Clifford Chadderton and National Council of Veterans Associations who did not want such contents on display. She also created an exhibition of painting regarding John Bentley Mays to display "psychological conflict and the transitory nature of resolution in the face of intellect and depression." Kearns eventually compiled her Afghan war art into an exhibit titled "The Art of Command: Portraits and Posters from Canada's Afghan Mission." From December 2005 until January 2006, Kearns was commissioned to stay with Canadian soldiers in Kandahar and create five paintings from that experience.
In 2008, Kearns was commissioned to paint Tecumseh and Brock, the Shawnee Indian leader and British major-general who fought in the War of 1812. By 2011, Kearns was working on creating 24 war posters, specifically images of prominent Canadian soldiers. Despite the willingness of the Canadian military to accept her work, Kearns found that commercial galleries were unwilling to display her art for not being “subversive enough.”
In 2015, the Fort York Visitor Centre displayed Kearns military art exhibit "The Art of Command: Portraits and Posters from Canada’s Afghan Mission." In 2019, Kearns was named a Member of the Order of Canada. In 2024 four of her works were included in Outside the Lines, an exhibition by the Canadian War Museum. One was The Dilemma of Kyle Brown: Paradox in the Beyond (1995), which showed a Canadian soldier involved in the torture death of a Somali citizen caught stealing from a Canadian base.
# Jarun Bridge

Jarun Bridge (Croatian: Jarunski most) is a planned bridge that will cross the Sava River in Zagreb, the capital of Croatia. The bridge will be located in the western part of the city, Trešnjevka near Lake Jarun.
The city of Zagreb organized a tender for the design of the Jarun Bridge in 2006, and accepted the project in 2007. Building permits were issued in 2011, but the construction, originally estimated to cost around €40 million, did not start due to a lack of funds. As of 2013, the city was considering a pedestrian-and-cycle design as a cheaper alternative. In early 2020, the process of acquiring the building permits was reinitiated.
# Zavang

Zavang (Persian: زاونگ) may refer to:
* Zavang-e Olya
* Zavang-e Sofla