# Penal Code (Malaysia)

The Penal Code (Malay: Kanun Keseksaan) is a law that codifies most criminal offences and procedures in Malaysia. Its official long title is "An Act relating to criminal offences" [Throughout Malaysia—31 March 1976, Act A327; P.U. (B) 139/1976]. The sole jurisdiction of Parliament of Malaysia is established over criminal law in Malaysia.

## Structure

Penal Code of Malaysia, in its current form (4 June 2015), sub-divided into twenty three chapters, comprises five hundred and eleven sections (including 37 amendments). The code starts with an introduction, provides explanations and exceptions used in the code, and covers a wide range of offences.

### Chapter I: Preliminary

    1. Short title
    2. Punishment of offences committed within Malaysia
    3. Punishment of offences committed beyond, but which by law may be tried within Malaysia
    4. Extension of Code to extraterritorial offences
    5. Certain laws not to be affected by this Code

### Chapter II: General Explanations

    6. Definitions in the Code to be understood subject to exceptions
    7. Expression once explained is used in the same sense throughout the Code
    8. “Gender”
    9. “Number”
    10. “Man” and “woman”
    11. “Person”
    12. “Public”
    13. (Deleted)
    (There are no ss. 14–16)
    17. “Government”
    (There is no s. 18)
    19. “Judge”
    20. “Court”
    21. “Public servant”
    22. “Movable property”
    23. “Wrongful gain” and “wrongful loss”
    24. “Dishonestly”
    25. “Fraudulently”
    26. “Reason to believe”
    27. “Property in possession of wife, clerk or servant”
    28. “Counterfeit”
    29. “Document”
    30. “Valuable security”
    31. “A will”
    32. Words referring to acts include illegal omissions
    33. “Act” and “omission”
    34. Each of several persons liable for an act done by all, in like manner as if done by him alone
    35. When such an act is criminal by reason of its being done with a criminal knowledge or intention
    36. Effect caused partly by act and partly by omission
    37. Cooperation by doing one of several acts constituting an offence
    38. Several persons engaged in the commission of a criminal act, may be guilty of different offences
    39. “Voluntarily”
    40. “Offence”
    (There are no ss. 41–42)
    43. “Illegal”, “unlawful” and “legally bound to do”
    44. “Injury”
    45. “Life”
    46. “Death”
    47. “Animal”
    48. “Vessel”
    49. “Year” and “month”
    50. “Section”
    51. “Oath”
    52. “Good faith”
    52A. “Non-serious offence”
    52B. “Serious offence”

### Chapter III: Punishments

    53–55. (Deleted)
    (There is no s. 56)
    57. Fractions of terms of punishment
    (There is no s. 58)
    59–60. (Deleted)
    (There are no ss. 61–62)
    63–64. (Deleted)
    (There is no s. 65)
    66–70. (Deleted)
    71. Limit of punishment of offence which is made up of several offences
    72. Punishment of a person found guilty of one of several offences, the judgment stating that it is doubtful of which
    73–74. (Deleted)
    75. Punishment of persons convicted, after a previous conviction of an offence punishable with three years’ imprisonment
    75A. Punishment of mandatory imprisonment for persons convicted of multiple serious offences

### Chapter IV: General Exceptions

    76. Act done by a person bound, or by mistake of fact believing himself bound, by law
    77. Act of Judge when acting judicially
    78. Act done pursuant to the judgment or order of a Court
    79. Act done by a person justified, or by mistake of fact believing himself justified by law
    80. Accident in the doing of a lawful act
    81. Act likely to cause harm but done without a criminal intent, and to prevent other harm
    82. Act of a child under 10 years of age
    83. Act of a child above 10 and under 12 years of age, who has not attained sufficient maturity of understanding
    84. Act of a person of unsound mind
    85. Intoxication when a defence
    86. Effect of defence of intoxication when established
    87. Act not intended and not known to be likely to cause death or grievous hurt, done by consent
    88. Act not intended to cause death, done by consent in good faith for the benefit of a person
    89. Act done in good faith for the benefit of a child or person of unsound mind, by or by consent of guardian
    90. Consent known to be given under fear or misconception and consent of a child or person of unsound mind
    91. Acts which are offences independently of harm caused to the person consenting, are not within the exceptions in sections 87, 88 and 89
    92. Act done in good faith for the benefit of a person without consent
    93. Communication made in good faith
    94. Act to which a person is compelled by threats
    95. Act causing slight harm

#### Right of Private Defence

    96. Nothing done in private defence is an offence
    97. Right of private defence of the body and of property
    98. Right of private defence against the act of a person of unsound mind
    99. Acts against which there is no right of private defence
    100. When the right of private defence of the body extends to causing death
    101. When such right extends to causing any harm other than death
    102. Commencement and continuance of the right of private defence of the body
    103. When the right of private defence of property extends to causing death
    104. When such right extends to causing any harm other than death
    105. Commencement and continuance of the right of private defence of property
    106. Right of private defence against a deadly assault when there is risk of harm to an innocent person

### Chapter V: Abetment

    107. Abetment of a thing
    108. Abettor
    108A. Abetment in Malaysia of offences outside Malaysia
    109. Punishment of abetment if the act abetted is committed in consequence, and where no express provision is made for its punishment
    110. Punishment of abetment if the person abetted does the act with a different intention from that of the abettor
    111. Liability of abettor when one act is abetted and a different act is done
    112. Abettor, when liable to cumulative punishment for act abetted and for act done
    113. Liability of abettor for an offence caused by the act abetted different from that intended by the abettor
    114. Abettor present when offence committed
    115. Abetment of an offence punishable with death or imprisonment for life
    116. Abetment of an offence punishable with imprisonment
    117. Abetting the commission of an offence by the public, or by more than ten persons
    118. Concealing a design to commit an offence punishable with death or imprisonment for life
    119. A public servant concealing a design to commit an offence which it is his duty to prevent
    120. Concealing a design to commit an offence punishable with imprisonment

### Chapter VA: Criminal Conspiracy

    120A. Definition of criminal conspiracy
    120B. Punishment of criminal conspiracy

### Chapter VI: Offences against the State

    121. Waging or attempting to wage war or abetting the waging of war against the Yang di-Pertuan Agong, a Ruler or Yang di-Pertua Negeri
    121A. Offences against the person of the Yang di-Pertuan Agong, Ruler or Yang di-Pertua Negeri
    121B. Offences against the authority of the Yang di-Pertuan Agong, Ruler or Yang di-Pertua Negeri
    121C. Abetting offences under section 121A or 121B
    121D. Intentional omission to give information of offences against section 121, 121A, 121B or 121C by a person bound to inform
    122. Collecting arms, etc., with the intention of waging war against the Yang di-Pertuan Agong, a Ruler or Yang di-Pertua Negeri
    123. Concealing with intent to facilitate a design to wage war
    124. Assaulting Member of Parliament, etc., with intent to compel or restrain the exercise of any lawful power
    124A. (Deleted)
    124B. Activity detrimental to parliamentary democracy
    124C. Attempt to commit activity detrimental to parliamentary democracy
    124D. Printing, sale, etc., of documents and publication detrimental to parliamentary democracy
    124E. Possession of documents and publication detrimental to parliamentary democracy
    124F. Importation of document and publication detrimental to parliamentary democracy
    124G. Posting of placards, etc.
    124H. Dissemination of information
    124I. Dissemination of false reports
    124J. Receipt of document and publication detrimental to parliamentary democracy
    124K. Sabotage
    124L. Attempt to commit sabotage
    124M. Espionage
    124N. Attempt to commit espionage
    125. Waging war against any power in alliance with the Yang di-Pertuan Agong
    125A. Harbouring or attempting to harbour any person in Malaysia or person residing in a foreign State at war or in hostility against the Yang di-Pertuan Agong
    126. Committing depredation on the territories of any power at peace with the Yang di-Pertuan Agong
    127. Receiving property taken by war or depredation mentioned in sections 125 and 126
    128. Public servant voluntarily allowing prisoner of State or war in his custody to escape
    129. Public servant negligently suffering prisoner of State or war in his custody to escape
    130. Aiding escape of, rescuing, or harbouring such prisoner
    130A. Interpretation of this Chapter

### Chapter VIA: Offences Relating to Terrorism

    130B. Interpretation in relation to this Chapter

#### Suppression of Terrorist Act and Support for Terrorist Act

    130C. Committing terrorist acts
    130D. Providing devices to terrorist groups
    130E. Recruiting persons to be members of terrorist groups or to participate in terrorist acts
    130F. Providing training and instruction to terrorist groups and persons committing terrorist acts
    130FA. Receiving training and instruction from terrorist groups and persons committing terrorist acts
    130FB. Attendance at place used for terrorist training
    130G. Inciting, promoting or soliciting property for the commission of terrorist acts
    130H. Providing facilities in support of terrorist acts
    130I. Directing activities of terrorist groups
    130J. Soliciting or giving support to terrorist groups or for the commission of terrorist acts
    130JA. Travelling to, through or from Malaysia for the commission of terrorist acts in foreign country
    130JB. Possession, etc. of items associated with terrorist groups or terrorist acts
    130JC. Offence to build, etc. conveyance for use in terrorist acts
    130JD. Preparation of terrorist acts
    130K. Harbouring persons committing terrorist acts
    130KA. Member of a terrorist group
    130L. Criminal conspiracy
    130M. Intentional omission to give information relating to terrorist acts

#### Suppression of Financing of Terrorist Acts

    130N. Providing or collecting property for terrorist acts
    130O. Providing services for terrorist purposes
    130P. Arranging for retention or control of terrorist property
    130Q. Dealing with terrorist property
    130QA. Accepting gratification to facilitate or enable terrorist acts
    130R. Intentional omission to give information about terrorist property
    130S. Intentional omission to give information relating to terrorism financing offence
    130T. Offences by body corporate
    130TA. Non-application of Offenders Compulsory Attendance Act 1954 and sections 173A, 293 and 294 of the Criminal Procedure Code

### Chapter VIB: Organised Crime

    130U. Interpretation in relation to this Chapter
    130V. Member of an organised criminal group
    130W. Assisting an organised criminal group
    130X. Harbouring member of an organised criminal group
    130Y. Consorting with an organised criminal group
    130Z. Recruiting persons to be members of an organised criminal group
    130ZA. Participation in an organised criminal group
    130ZB. Accepting gratification to facilitate or enable organised criminal activity
    130ZC. Enhanced penalties for offences committed by an organised criminal group or member of an organised criminal group

### Chapter VII: Offences Relating to the Armed Forces

    131. Abetting mutiny, or attempting to seduce a soldier or sailor from his duty
    132. Abetment of mutiny, if mutiny is committed in consequence thereof
    133. Abetment of an assault by a soldier or sailor on his superior officer, when in the execution of his office
    134. Abetment of such assault if the assault is committed
    135. Abetment of the desertion of a soldier, sailor or airman
    136. Harbouring a deserter
    137. Deserter concealed on board merchant vessel through negligence of master
    138. Abetment of act of insubordination by a soldier, sailor or airman
    139. Persons subject to Articles of War not punishable under this Code
    140. Wearing the dress of a soldier, sailor or airman
    140A. “Harbour”
    140B. Application of Chapter VII

### Chapter VIII: Offences against the Public Tranquillity

    141. Unlawful assembly
    142. Being a member of an unlawful assembly
    143. Punishment
    144. Possessing weapons or missiles at unlawful assemblies
    145. Joining or continuing in an unlawful assembly, knowing that it has been commanded to disperse
    146. Force used by one member in prosecution of common object
    147. Punishment for rioting
    148. Possessing weapons or missiles at riot
    149. Every member of an unlawful assembly to be deemed guilty of any offence committed in prosecution of common object
    150. Hiring, or conniving at hiring, of persons to join an unlawful assembly
    151. Knowingly joining or continuing in any assembly of five or more persons after it has been commanded to disperse
    152. Assaulting or obstructing public servant when suppressing riot, etc.
    153. Wantonly giving provocation, with intent to cause riot
    153A. (Deleted)
    154. Owner or occupier of land on which an unlawful assembly is held
    155. Liability of person for whose benefit a riot is committed
    156. Liability of agent of owner or occupier for whose benefit a riot is committed
    157. Harbouring persons hired for an unlawful assembly
    158. Being hired to take part in an unlawful assembly or riot, or to go armed
    159. Affray
    160. Punishment for committing affray

### Chapter IX: Offences by, or Relating to, Public Servants

    161. Public servant taking a gratification, other than legal remuneration, in respect of an official act
    162. Taking a gratification in order, by corrupt or illegal means, to influence a public servant
    163. Taking a gratification, for the exercise of personal influence with a public servant
    164. Punishment for abetment by public servant of the offences above defined
    165. Public servant obtaining any valuable thing, without consideration, from person concerned in any proceeding or business transacted by such public servant
    166. Public servant disobeying a direction of the law, with intent to cause injury to any person
    167. Public servant framing an incorrect document with intent to cause injury
    168. Public servant unlawfully engaging in trade
    169. Public servant unlawfully buying or bidding for property
    170. Personating a public servant
    171. Wearing garb or carrying token used by public servant with fraudulent intent

### Chapter X: Contempts of the Lawful Authority of Public Servants

    172. Absconding to avoid service of summons or other proceeding from a public servant
    173. Preventing service of summons or other proceeding, or preventing publication thereof
    174. Non-attendance in obedience to an order from a public servant
    175. Omission to produce a document to a public servant by a person legally bound to produce such document
    176. Omission to give notice or information to a public servant by a person legally bound to give notice or information
    177. Furnishing false information
    178. Refusing oath when duly required to take oath by a public servant
    179. Refusing to answer a public servant authorized to question
    180. Refusing to sign statement
    181. False statement on oath to public servant or person authorized to administer an oath
    182. False information, with intent to cause a public servant to use his lawful power to the injury of another person
    183. Resistance to the taking of property by the lawful authority of a public servant
    184. Obstructing sale of property offered for sale by authority of a public servant
    185. Illegal purchase or bid for property offered for sale by authority of a public servant
    186. Obstructing public servant in discharge of his public functions
    187. Omission to assist public servant when bound by law to give assistance
    188. Disobedience to an order duly promulgated by a public servant
    189. Threat of injury to a public servant
    190. Threat of injury to induce any person to refrain from applying for protection to a public servant

### Chapter XI: False Evidence and Offences against Public Justice

    191. Giving false evidence
    192. Fabricating false evidence
    193. Punishment for false evidence
    194. Giving or fabricating false evidence with intent to procure conviction of a capital offence
    195. Giving or fabricating false evidence with intent to procure conviction of an offence punishable with imprisonment
    196. Using evidence known to be false
    197. Issuing or signing a false certificate
    198. Using as a true certificate one known to be false in a material point
    199. False statement made in any declaration which is by law receivable as evidence
    200. Using as true any such declaration known to be false
    201. Causing disappearance of evidence of an offence committed, or giving false information touching it, to screen the offender
    202. Intentional omission, by a person bound to inform, to give information of an offence
    203. Giving false information respecting an offence committed
    203A. Disclosure of information
    204. Destruction of document to prevent its production as evidence
    205. False personation for the purpose of any act or proceeding in a suit
    206. Fraudulent removal or concealment of property to prevent its seizure as a forfeiture or in execution of a decree
    207. Fraudulent claim to property to prevent its seizure as a forfeiture or in execution of a decree
    208. Fraudulently suffering a decree for a sum not due
    209. Dishonestly making a false claim before a Court
    210. Fraudulently obtaining a decree for a sum not due
    211. False charge of offence made with intent to injure
    212. Harbouring an offender
    213. Taking gifts, etc., to screen an offender from punishment
    214. Offering gift or restoration of property in consideration of screening offender
    215. Taking gift to help to recover stolen property, etc.
    216. Harbouring an offender who has escaped from custody, or whose apprehension has been ordered
    216A. Harbouring robbers or gang-robbers, etc.
    216B. “Harbour”
    217. Public servant disobeying a direction of law with intent to save person from punishment, or property from forfeiture
    218. Public servant framing an incorrect record or writing with intent to save person from punishment, or property from forfeiture
    219. Public servant in a judicial proceeding corruptly making an order, report, etc., which he knows to be contrary to law
    220. Commitment for trial or confinement by a person having authority who knows that he is acting contrary to law
    221. Intentional omission to apprehend on the part of a public servant bound by law to apprehend
    222. Intentional omission to apprehend on the part of a public servant bound by law to apprehend person under sentence of a Court
    223. Escape from confinement negligently suffered by a public servant and facilitating or enabling any terrorist act, etc.
    224. Resistance or obstruction by a person to his lawful apprehension
    225. Resistance or obstruction to the lawful apprehension of another person
    225A. Public servant omitting to apprehend or suffering other persons to escape in cases not already provided for
    225B. Offences against laws of Malaysia where no special punishment is provided
    226. (Deleted)
    227. Violation of condition of remission of punishment
    228. Intentional insult or interruption to a public servant sitting in any stage of a judicial proceeding
    229. Personation of a juror or assessor

### Chapter XII: Offences Relating to Coin and Government Stamps

    230. Interpretation
    231. (Deleted)
    232. Counterfeiting coin
    233. (Deleted)
    234. Making or selling instrument for counterfeiting coin
    235. Possession of instrument or material for the purpose of using the same for counterfeiting coin
    236. Abetting in Malaysia the counterfeiting out of Malaysia of coin
    237. (Deleted)
    238. Import or export of counterfeit coin
    239. (Deleted)
    240. Delivery of coin, possessed with the knowledge that it is counterfeit
    241. Delivery to another of coin as genuine, which when first possessed the deliverer did not know to be counterfeit
    242. (Deleted)
    243. Possession of coin by a person who knew it to be counterfeit when he became possessed thereof
    (There are no ss. 244–245)
    246. (Deleted)
    247. Fraudulently or dishonestly diminishing the weight or altering the composition of coin
    248. (Deleted)
    249. Altering appearance of coin with intent that it shall pass as a coin of a different description
    250. (Deleted)
    251. Delivery of coin, possessed with the knowledge that it is altered
    252. (Deleted)
    253. Possession of coin by a person who knew it to be altered when he became possessed thereof
    254. Delivery to another of coin as genuine, which when first possessed, the deliverer did not know to be altered
    255. Counterfeiting a Government stamp
    256. Having possession of an instrument or material for the purpose of counterfeiting a Government stamp
    257. Making or selling an instrument for the purpose of counterfeiting a Government stamp
    258. Sale of counterfeit Government stamp
    259. Having possession of a counterfeit Government stamp
    260. Using as genuine a Government stamp known to be counterfeit
    261. Effacing any writing from a substance bearing a Government stamp, or removing from a document a stamp used for it, with intent to cause loss to Government
    262. Using a Government stamp known to have been before used
    263. Erasure of mark denoting that stamp has been used

### Chapter XIII: Offences Relating to Weights and Measures

    264. Fraudulent use of false instrument for weighing
    265. Fraudulent use of false weight or measure
    266. Being in possession of false weights or measures
    267. Making or selling false weights or measures

### Chapter XIV: Offences Affecting the Public Health, Safety, Convenience, Decency and Morals

    268. Public nuisance
    269. Negligent act likely to spread infection of any disease dangerous to life
    270. Malignant act likely to spread infection of any disease dangerous to life
    271. Disobedience to a quarantine rule
    272. Adulteration of food or drink which is intended for sale
    273. Sale of noxious food or drink
    274. Adulteration of drugs
    275. Sale of adulterated drugs
    276. Sale of any drug as a different drug or preparation
    277. Fouling the water of a public spring or reservoir
    278. Making atmosphere noxious to health
    279. Rash driving or riding on a public way
    280. Rash navigation of a vessel
    281. Exhibition of a false light, mark or buoy
    282. Conveying person by water for hire in a vessel overloaded or unsafe
    283. Danger or obstruction in a public way or navigation
    284. Negligent conduct with respect to any poisonous substance
    285. Negligent conduct with respect to any fire or combustible matter
    286. Negligent conduct with respect to any explosive substance
    287. Negligent conduct with respect to any machinery in the possession or under the charge of the offender
    288. Negligence with respect to pulling down or repairing buildings
    289. Negligence with respect to any animal
    290. Punishment for public nuisance
    291. Continuance of nuisance after injunction to discontinue
    292. Sale, etc., of obscene books, etc.
    293. Sale, etc., of obscene objects to young person
    294. Obscene songs

### Chapter XV: Offences Relating to Religion

    295. Injuring or defiling a place of worship with intent to insult the religion of any class
    296. Disturbing a religious assembly
    297. Trespassing on burial places, etc.
    298. Uttering words, etc., with deliberate intent to wound the religious feelings of any person
    298A. Causing, etc., disharmony, disunity, or feelings of enmity, hatred or ill will, or prejudicing, etc., the maintenance of harmony or unity, on grounds of religion

### Chapter XVI: Offences Affecting the Human Body
#### Offences Affecting Life

    299. Culpable homicide
    300. Murder
    301. Culpable homicide by causing the death of a person other than the person whose death was intended
    302. Punishment for murder
    (There is no s. 303)
    304. Punishment for culpable homicide not amounting to murder
    304A. Causing death by negligence
    305. Abetment of suicide of child or insane person
    306. Abetment of suicide
    307. Attempt to murder
    308. Attempt to commit culpable homicide
    309. Attempt to commit suicide
    309A. Infanticide
    309B. Punishment for infanticide
    (There are no ss. 310–311)

#### Causing Miscarriage; Injuries to Unborn Children; Exposure of Infants; and Concealment of Births

    312. Causing miscarriage
    313. Causing miscarriage without woman’s consent
    314. Death caused by act done with intent to cause miscarriage. If act done without woman’s consent
    315. Act done with intent to prevent a child being born alive or to cause it to die after birth
    316. Causing death of a quick unborn child by an act amounting to culpable homicide
    317. Exposure and abandonment of a child under twelve years by parent or person having care of it
    318. Concealment of birth by secret disposal of dead body

#### Hurt

    319. Hurt
    320. Grievous hurt
    321. Voluntarily causing hurt
    322. Voluntarily causing grievous hurt
    323. Punishment for voluntarily causing hurt
    324. Voluntarily causing hurt by dangerous weapons or means
    325. Punishment for voluntarily causing grievous hurt
    326. Voluntarily causing grievous hurt by dangerous weapons or means
    326A. Punishment for causing hurt by spouse
    327. Voluntarily causing hurt to extort property or to constrain to an illegal act
    328. Causing hurt by means of poison, etc., with intent to commit an offence
    329. Voluntarily causing grievous hurt to extort property, or to constrain to an illegal act
    330. Voluntarily causing hurt to extort confession or to compel restoration of property
    331. Voluntarily causing grievous hurt to extort confession or to compel restoration of property
    332. Voluntarily causing hurt to deter public servant from his duty
    333. Voluntarily causing grievous hurt to deter public servant from his duty
    334. Voluntarily causing hurt on provocation
    335. Causing grievous hurt on provocation
    336. Punishment for act which endangers life or the personal safety of others
    337. Causing hurt by an act which endangers life or the personal safety of others
    338. Causing grievous hurt by an act which endangers life or the personal safety of others

#### Wrongful Restraint and Wrongful Confinement

    339. Wrongful restraint
    340. Wrongful confinement
    341. Punishment for wrongful restraint
    342. Punishment for wrongful confinement
    343. Wrongful confinement for three or more days
    344. Wrongful confinement for ten or more days
    345. Wrongful confinement of person for whose liberation a writ has been issued
    346. Wrongful confinement in secret
    347. Wrongful confinement for the purpose of extorting property or constraining to an illegal act
    348. Wrongful confinement for the purpose of extorting confession or of compelling restoration of property

#### Criminal Force and Assault

    349. Force
    350. Criminal force
    351. Assault
    352. Punishment for using criminal force otherwise than on grave provocation
    352A. Punishment for using criminal force by spouse
    353. Using criminal force to deter a public servant from discharge of his duty
    354. Assault or use of criminal force to a person with intent to outrage modesty
    355. Assault or criminal force with intent to dishonour a person, otherwise than on grave provocation
    356. Assault or criminal force in attempt to commit theft of property carried by a person
    357. Assault or criminal force in attempt wrongfully to confine a person
    358. Assaulting or using criminal force on grave provocation

#### Kidnapping, Abduction, Slavery and Forced Labour

    359. Kidnapping
    360. Kidnapping from Malaysia
    361. Kidnapping from lawful guardianship
    362. Abduction
    363. Punishment for kidnapping
    364. Kidnapping or abducting in order to murder
    365. Kidnapping or abducting with intent secretly and wrongfully to confine a person
    366. Kidnapping or abducting a woman to compel her marriage, etc.
    367. Kidnapping or abducting in order to subject a person to grievous hurt, slavery, etc.
    368. Wrongfully concealing or keeping in confinement a kidnapped person
    369. Kidnapping or abducting child under ten years with intent to steal movable property from the person of such child
    370. Buying or disposing of any person as a slave
    371. Habitual dealing in slaves
    372. Exploiting any person for purposes of prostitution
    372A. Persons living on or trading in prostitution
    372B. Soliciting for purpose of prostitution
    373. Suppression of brothels
    373A. (Deleted)
    374. Unlawful compulsory labour

#### Hostage-Taking

    374A. Hostage-taking

#### Rape

    375. Rape
    375A. Husband causing hurt in order to have sexual intercourse
    375B. Gang rape
    376. Punishment for rape

#### Incest

    376A. Incest
    376B. Punishment for incest

#### Unnatural Offences

    377. Buggery with an animal
    377A. Carnal intercourse against the order of nature
    377B. Punishment for committing carnal intercourse against the order of nature
    377C. Committing carnal intercourse against the order of nature without consent, etc.
    377CA. Sexual connection by object
    377D. Outrages on decency
    377E. Inciting a child to an act of gross indecency

### Chapter XVII: Offences Against Property
#### Theft

    378. Theft
    379. Punishment for theft
    379A. Punishment for theft of a motor vehicle
    380. Theft in dwelling house, etc.
    381. Theft by clerk or servant of property in possession of master
    382. Theft after preparation made for causing death or hurt in order to commit the theft
    382A. Persons convicted of an offence against section 379, 380 or 382 committing subsequent offence against such sections

#### Extortion

    383. Extortion
    384. Punishment for extortion
    385. Putting person in fear of injury in order to commit extortion
    386. Extortion by putting a person in fear of death or grievous hurt
    387. Putting person in fear of death or of grievous hurt in order to commit extortion
    388. Extortion by threat of accusation of an offence punishable with death, or imprisonment, etc.
    389. Putting person in fear of accusation of offence, in order to commit extortion

#### Robbery and Gang-Robbery

    390. Robbery
    391. Gang-robbery
    392. Punishment for robbery
    393. Attempt to commit robbery
    394. Voluntarily causing hurt in committing robbery
    395. Punishment for gang-robbery
    396. Gang-robbery with murder
    397. Robbery when armed or with attempt to cause death or grievous hurt
    398. (Deleted)
    399. Making preparation to commit gang-robbery
    400. Punishment for belonging to gang of robbers
    401. Punishment for belonging to wandering gang of thieves
    402. Assembling for purpose of committing gang-robbery

#### Criminal Misappropriation of Property

    402A. Definition of “agent”, “company”, “director”, “officer”
    403. Dishonest misappropriation of property
    404. Dishonest misappropriation of property possessed by a deceased person at the time of his death

#### Criminal Breach of Trust

    405. Criminal breach of trust
    406. Punishment of criminal breach of trust
    407. Criminal breach of trust by carrier, etc.
    408. Criminal breach of trust by clerk or servant
    409. Criminal breach of trust by public servant or agent
    409A. Defence not available
    409B. Presumption

#### Receiving Stolen Property

    410. Stolen property
    411. Dishonestly receiving stolen property
    411A. Receiving benefit derived from criminal activities of organized criminal group
    412. Dishonestly receiving property stolen in the commission of a gang-robbery
    413. Habitually dealing in stolen property
    414. Assisting in concealment of stolen property

#### Cheating

    415. Cheating
    416. Cheating by personation
    417. Punishment for cheating
    418. Cheating with knowledge that wrongful loss may be thereby caused to a person whose interest the offender is bound to protect
    419. Punishment for cheating by personation
    420. Cheating and dishonestly inducing delivery of property

#### Fraudulent Deeds and Dispositions of Property

    421. Dishonest or fraudulent removal or concealment of property to prevent distribution among creditors
    422. Dishonestly or fraudulently preventing from being made available for his creditors a debt or demand due to the offender
    423. Dishonest or fraudulent execution of deed of transfer containing a false statement of consideration
    424. Dishonest or fraudulent removal or concealment of consideration

#### Mischief

    425. Mischief
    426. Punishment for committing mischief
    427. Committing mischief and thereby causing damage to the amount of twenty-five ringgit
    428. Mischief by killing or maiming any animal
    429. (Deleted)
    430. Mischief by injury to works of irrigation or by wrongfully diverting water
    430A. Mischief affecting any public transportation
    431. Mischief by injury to public road, bridge or river
    431A. Mischief by injury to telegraph cable, wire, etc.
    432. Mischief by causing inundation or obstruction to public drainage, attended with damage
    433. Mischief by destroying or moving or rendering less useful a lighthouse or seamark, or by exhibiting false lights
    434. Mischief by destroying or moving, etc., a landmark fixed by public authority
    435. Mischief by fire or explosive substance with intent to cause damage to amount of fifty ringgit
    436. Mischief by fire or explosive substance with intent to destroy a house, etc.
    437. Mischief with intent to destroy or make unsafe a decked vessel or a vessel of 20 tons burden
    438. Punishment for the mischief described in the last section when committed by fire or any explosive substance
    439. Punishment for intentionally running vessel aground or ashore with intent to commit theft, etc.
    440. Mischief occurring during disturbances, etc.

#### Criminal Trespass

    441. Criminal trespass
    442. House-trespass
    443. Lurking house-trespass
    444. (Deleted)
    445. Housebreaking
    446. (Deleted)
    447. Punishment for criminal trespass
    448. Punishment for house-trespass
    449. House-trespass in order to commit an offence punishable with death
    450. House-trespass in order to commit an offence punishable with imprisonment for life
    451. House-trespass in order to commit an offence punishable with imprisonment
    452. House-trespass after preparation made for causing hurt to any person
    453. Punishment for lurking house-trespass or housebreaking
    454. (Deleted)
    455. Lurking house-trespass or housebreaking after preparation made for causing hurt to any person
    456. (Deleted)
    457. Lurking house-trespass or housebreaking by night in order to commit an offence punishable with imprisonment
    457A. Subsequent offence under section 453 or 457 punishable with whipping after first offence
    458. (Deleted)
    459. Grievous hurt caused whilst committing lurking house-trespass or housebreaking
    460. All persons jointly concerned in housebreaking, etc., to be punishable for death, or grievous hurt caused by one of their number
    461. Dishonestly breaking open any closed receptacle containing or supposed to contain property
    462. Punishment for same offence when committed by person entrusted with custody

### Chapter XVIII: Offences Relating to Documents and to Currency Notes and Bank Notes

    463. Forgery
    464. Making a false document
    465. Punishment for forgery
    466. Forgery of a record of a Court, or public Register of Births, etc.
    467. Forgery of a valuable security or will
    468. Forgery for the purpose of cheating
    469. Forgery for the purpose of harming the reputation of any person
    470. “A forged document”
    471. Using as genuine a forged document
    472. Making or possessing a counterfeit seal, plate, etc., with intent to commit a forgery punishable under section 467
    473. Making or possessing a counterfeit seal, plate, etc., with intent to commit a forgery punishable otherwise
    474. Having possession of a valuable security or will know to be forged, with intent to use it as genuine
    475. Counterfeiting a device or mark used for authenticating documents described in section 467, or possessing counterfeit marked material
    476. Counterfeiting a device or mark used for authenticating documents other than those described in section 467 or possessing counterfeit marked material
    477. Fraudulent cancellation, destruction, etc., of a will
    477A. Falsification of accounts
    (There are no ss. 478–489)

#### Currency Notes and Bank Notes

    489A. Forging or counterfeiting currency notes or bank notes
    489B. Using as genuine, forged or counterfeit currency notes or bank notes
    489C. Possession of forged or counterfeit currency notes or bank notes
    489D. Making or possessing instruments or materials for forging or counterfeiting currency notes or bank notes

### Chapter XIX: Criminal Breach of Contracts of Service

    490. (Deleted)
    491. Breach of contract to attend on and supply the wants of helpless persons
    492. (Deleted)

### Chapter XX: Offences Relating to Marriage

    493. Cohabitation caused by a man deceitfully inducing a belief of lawful marriage
    494. Marrying again during the lifetime of husband or wife
    495. Same offence with concealment of the former marriage from the person with whom subsequent marriage is contracted
    496. Marriage ceremony gone through with fraudulent intent without lawful marriage
    (There is no s. 497)
    498. Enticing or taking away or detaining with a criminal intent a married woman

### Chapter XXI: Defamation

    499. Defamation
    500. Punishment for defamation
    501. Printing or engraving matter known to be defamatory
    502. Sale of printed or engraved substance containing defamatory matter

### Chapter XXII: Criminal Intimidation, Insult and Annoyance

    503. Criminal intimidation
    504. Intentional insult with intent to provoke a breach of the peace
    505. Statements conducing to public mischief
    506. Punishment for criminal intimidation
    507. Criminal intimidation by an anonymous communication
    508. Act caused by inducing a person to believe that he will be rendered an object of Divine displeasure
    509. Word or gesture intended to insult the modesty of a person
    510. Misconduct in public by a drunken person

### Chapter XXIII: Attempts to Commit Offences

    511. Punishment for attempting to commit offences punishable with imprisonment