OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Justus Ludwig Adolf Roth

Justus Ludwig Adolf Roth (September 15, 1818, Hamburg – April 1, 1892) was a German geologist and mineralogist.

## Biography

In 1844 he obtained his doctorate from the University of Jena and spent the next few years working as a pharmacist in Hamburg. In 1848 he relocated to Berlin, where he came under the influence of Gustav Rose and Heinrich Ernst Beyrich. In 1867 he became an associate professor of mineralogy at the University of Berlin.
He may be regarded as one of the founders of petrographical science. In his published papers he dealt with metamorphism and crystalline schists, discussed the origin of serpentine, and wrote about the rocks of Mount Vesuvius and Ponza Island.

## Selected works

His separate works included:
* Der Vesuv und die Umgebung von Neapel (1857) – On Vesuvius and the environs of Naples.
* Die Gesteinanalysen in tabellarischer Übersicht und mit kritischen Erläuterungen (1861) – Rock analyzes in tabular overview with critical explanations.
* Beiträge zur Petrographie der plutonischen Gesteine, a continuation of the preceding work (1869, 1873, 1879, 1884) – Contributions to the petrography of plutonic rocks.
* Flußwasser, Meerwasser, Steinsalz (1878) – River water, sea water and rock salt.
* Allgemeine und chemische Geologie (3 volumes, 1879–93) – General and chemical geology.
* Die geologische Bildung der norddeutschen Ebene (1879) – The geological formation of the North German plain.
* Über die Erdbeben (1882) – About the earthquake.
# Beer Day (Iceland)

In Iceland, Beer Day (Icelandic: Bjórdagurinn) is celebrated every year on March 1, honoring the elimination of the 74-year prohibition of beer. Prohibition lasted from January 1, 1915 to March 1, 1989.

## Origin

In a 1908 referendum, Icelanders voted in favor of a ban on all alcoholic drinks, going into effect January 1, 1915. In 1921, the ban was partially lifted after Spain refused to buy Iceland's main export, fish, unless Iceland bought Spanish wines; then lifted further after a national referendum in 1935 came out in favor of legalizing spirits. Strong beer (with an alcohol content of 2.25% or more) was not included in the 1935 vote in order to please the temperance lobby—which argued that because beer is cheaper than spirits, it would lead to more depravity.
As international travel brought Icelanders back in touch with beer, bills to legalize it were regularly moved in parliament, but inevitably were shot down on technical grounds. Prohibition lost more support in 1985, when the Minister of Justice (himself a teetotaler) prohibited pubs from adding legal spirits to legal non-alcoholic beer (called "pilsner" by Icelanders) to make a potent imitation of strong beer. Soon after, beer approached legalization in parliament—a full turnout of the upper house of Iceland's Parliament voted 13 to 8 to permit the sales, ending prohibition in the country.

## Celebration

The first Beer Day, Ölstofan bar owner Kormákur Geirharðsson recalls:
   I remember a lot of drinking and a lot of pissing all night long and the next days, and it [was] not stopping. This was the day Icelanders took the step to try to become civilized. Ölstofan was not open then, but the idea of owning a bar started there.
Following the end of prohibition, Icelanders have celebrated every Beer Day by imbibing the drink in various bars, restaurants, and clubs. Those located in Reykjavík, the capital and largest city in Iceland, are especially wild on Beer Day.; A Rúntur (pub crawl) is a popular way of getting to know the various bars and beers in this city, many being open until 4:00 a.m. the next day. The legalization of beer remains a cultural milestone in Iceland, and a major seismic shift in the nation’s alcoholic beverage preference. Beer has today become the most popular alcoholic beverage of choice.
The celebration of Beer Day in Iceland has inspired a similar event in the U.S., known as Iceland Beer Day, or IBD.
# Lisa Simes

Lisa Simes (born 22 October 1976) is a Canadian artistic gymnast.

## Life and career

Simes is from Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada and was born on 22 October 1976. She married American triathlete Andy Potts in January 2004 They have a son called Boston and a daughter called Sloane.
She began competing in gymnastics with Queen City Gymnastics Club and won the regional gymnastics championships in Saskatchewan between 1988 and 1992 and in Ontario in 1994 and 1995. In 1991 she won the Western Canadian championship and in 1992 the Canadian Open champion. She was on the Canadian National Gymnastics Team between 1992 and 1995.
She competed at the 1994 Commonwealth Games where she won a silver medal in the team event, bronze medals in the vault and floor events and came 4th in the individual all-around event.
She competed for the University of Michigan at junior and senior level between 1995 and 1999 and was a trapeze artist in the Cirque du Soleil show O. She was inducted into the Saskatchewan Sports Hall of Fame in June 2002.
She was diagnosed with thyroid cancer in 2004 and had a lump removed in November of that year. In January 2005 she had surgery to remove he thyroid, five lymph nodes and two parathyroid glands. She had ablation therapy in early 2005.
# Stari Mikanovci railway station

Stari Mikanovci railway station (Croatian: Željeznička stanica Stari Mikanovci) is a railway station on Novska–Tovarnik railway. Located in Stari Mikanovci. Railroad continued to Strizivojna–Vrpolje in one and the other direction to Ivankovo. Stari Mikanovci railway station consists of 5 railway track.
# Hoseyn Aliabad

Hoseyn Aliabad or Hoseynaliabad (Persian: حسين علي اباد) may refer to:
* Hoseynaliabad, Fars, a village in Fars Province, Iran
* Hoseyn Aliabad, Lorestan, a village in Lorestan Province, Iran
* Hoseynaliabad, Razavi Khorasan, a village in Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran
# Rarytkin Range

The Rarytkin Range (Russian: хребет Рарыткин; Chukot: Ръарыткын) is a range of mountains in Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, Russian Far East. Administratively the range is part of Anadyr District.

## Geography

The Rarytkin Range is the northernmost subrange of the Koryak Highlands, East Siberian Mountains. It stretches roughly from southeast to northwest in southern Chukotka, along the left bank of the Velikaya River in its middle and lower course. To the northwest flows the Anadyr River and the range acts as an eastern boundary of the Anadyr Lowlands.
The highest mountain of the Rarytkin Range is 1,085 metres (3,560 ft) high Mount Palets (гора Палец). It rises in the central area of the range.
Lake Krasnoye is located at the feet of the northwestern part of the range. Rare fossil plants of the Maastrichtian and Eocene periods have been found in the range. Some of them are now kept in the Botanical Museum of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

## Flora and climate

There are shrub thickets of Japanese stone pine and alder in the lower mountain slopes. The upper elevations are covered with mountain tundra. The Rarytkin Range has a subarctic climate, somewhat moderated by the proximity of the ocean.
# Ruthin Castle

Ruthin Castle (Welsh: Castell Rhuthun) is a medieval castle fortification in Wales, near the town of Ruthin in the Vale of Clwyd. It was constructed during the late 13th century by Dafydd ap Gruffydd, the brother of Prince Llywelyn ap Gruffudd, on a red sandstone ridge overlooking the valley. Part of the ancient walls still remain and now form part of the Ruthin Castle Hotel.

## History

Ruthin Castle occupies a site that was first used as an Iron Age fort. In 1277, Edward I of England granted the land to Dafydd ap Gruffydd in gratitude for his assistance during the invasion of North Wales. It is unclear whether there was an existing fort on the site or whether Dafydd established the castle. The castle was originally given the Welsh name of Castell Coch yn yr Gwernfor (Welsh Red Castle in the Great Marsh).
The castle was most notably the base of that branch of the noble de Grey family accorded the title "Barons Grey de Ruthyn" and the head of their marcher lordship of Dyffryn Clwyd. It was a base for Reginald Grey, 3rd Baron Grey de Ruthyn – the man who could be said to have sparked the rebellion of Owain Glyndŵr.
Between 1579 and 1580, the Castle was used for the imprisonment and torture of Welsh poet, recusant schoolmaster Richard Gwyn, who was hanged, drawn, and quartered at Wrexham on 15 October 1584. Gwyn was canonized in 1970 by Pope Paul VI as one of the Forty Martyrs of England and Wales.
At the start of the English Civil War the castle was in a state of disrepair and the necessary works were hastily performed to make it defensible. It withstood an eleven-week siege by parliamentary troops in 1646 before surrendering when the attackers announced that they intended to lay mines under the walls. Oliver Cromwell's forces later dismantled and demolished the castle, in a process of organised de-fortification called slighting.

## In modern times

In 1923 the castle became Britain's first private hospital for the investigation and treatment of obscure internal diseases, but this was closed in about 1950. Since the 1960s the castle remains have been incorporated into a hotel. A guest was Prince Charles, who stayed for the night before his investiture as Prince of Wales at Caernarfon Castle in 1969. The castle is said to be haunted; because of this reputation, it was investigated by the paranormal investigation show Most Haunted in 2018.
# Leschaux

Leschaux (French pronunciation:; Arpitan: Léshô) is a commune in the Haute-Savoie department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region in south-eastern France.
# Estonian Canadians

Estonian Canadians (Estonian: Kanada eestlased) are Canadian citizens or residents of Estonian descent or Estonian-born people who reside in Canada. Currently 24,530 people of Estonian descent live in Canada.(according to some sources up to 50,000 people).
In the late 1940s and early 1950s, about 17,000 arrived in Canada. The city with the largest population of Estonians outside Estonia is Toronto. The first Estonian World Festival was held in Toronto in 1972.
Some notable Estonian Canadians and Canadians with Estonian ethnicity include Kalle Lasn, Alison Pill, Uno Prii, Elmar Tampõld, Endel Tulving, and Andreas Vaikla.
# Camblain-l'Abbé

Camblain-l’Abbé (French pronunciation:; Picard: Camblin-l'Abbé) is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Hauts-de-France region of France.

## Geography

A farming village located 9 miles (15 km) northwest of Arras at the junction of the D341 with the D73E.

## Places of interest

* The church of St.Pierre, dating from the sixteenth century.
# Green Party (Iran)

The Green Party (Persian: حزب سبز, romanized: Ḥezb-e Sabz) is a conservative political party in Iran. The party's founder Hossein Kanani Moghaddam describes it as a centrist party “between the fundamentalists and reformists”. As of 2017, two party members Abolfazl Hassanbeigi (Damghan) and Yousef Davoudi (Sarab) hold seat in the Iranian Parliament.
# Glyndŵr's Way

Glyndŵr's Way (Welsh: Llwybr Glyndŵr) is a long-distance footpath in mid-Wales. It runs for 135 miles (217 km) in an extended loop through Powys between Knighton and Welshpool, and anchored on Machynlleth to the west.

## History

Its name derives from the early-15th-century Welsh prince and folk hero Owain Glyndŵr, whose parliament sat in Machynlleth in 1404. Glyndŵr's Way was granted National Trail status in 2000 to mark the beginning of the third millennium and the 600th anniversary of an ill-fated but long-running and culturally significant rebellion in 1400.

## Route

The footpath officially begins in Knighton, on the English border, where it links with Offa's Dyke Path. Running in roughly a horseshoe shape, it passes small market towns such as Llanidloes and quiet villages including Abbeycwmhir and Llanbadarn Fynydd, traversing central mid-Wales to Machynlleth near the Dyfi estuary and returning across Wales via Llanbrynmair, Llangadfan and Lake Vyrnwy and the valley of the River Vyrnwy to Welshpool 4 miles (6.4 km) from the Wales–England border.
The route passes nationally important Welsh natural habitats such as sessile oak woodlands, upland mire and heath, and ancient hedgerows. The area from Staylittle to Aberhosan is noted for its heather moorlands.
# The Willow Tree (2005 film)

The Willow Tree (Persian: بید مجنون, translit. Bid-e Majnoon) is a 2005 Iranian film directed by Majid Majidi. It tells the story of Youssef, a man blinded in a fireworks accident, when eight years old. After an operation he regains his vision, changing his life in unexpected ways. It was filmed from 10 February 2004 – 10 August 2004 in both Tehran and Paris.
It was released in the United States on August 3, 2007.

## Cast

* Parviz Parastui - Youssef
* Roya Taymourian - Roya
* Afarin Obeisi - Mother
* Mohammad Amir Naji - Morteza
* Melika Eslafi - Mariam
* Leila Otadi - Pari
* Mahmoud Behraznia - Mahmood
* Ebrahim Otadi - Mehdi
# Kaliningrad Puppet Theatre

The Kaliningrad Puppet Theatre (Russian: Калининградский кукольный театр) is a puppet theatre in Kaliningrad, Russia. The building was originally the Königin-Luise-Gedächtniskirche (Queen Louise Memorial Church), popularly known as the Luisenkirche, a Protestant church in Königsberg, Germany.

## History

The Luisenkirche, the first church to be built outside the Königsberg city walls, was named in honour of Queen Louise of Prussia (1776–1810), who was beloved by Königsbergers. Land and funds were donated primarily by the leading tobacco manufacturer Louis Großkopf and his wife, with additional funding coming from the banker and philanthropist Walter Simon, the industrialist Fritz Heumann, and A. Siebert.
The Neo-Romanesque building was designed by the architects Friedrich Heitmann and Franz Krah to serve the residential suburbs of Amalienau, Mittelhufen, and Vorderhufen. Constructed in Amalienau between 1899 and 1901 and dedicated on 9 September 1901, the church was heavily damaged during World War II.
Königsberg became the Soviet city of Kaliningrad after the war, and the Soviet authorities planned to demolish the ruins in the 1960s. However, the architect Yuri Vaganov convinced officials that the building could be converted into a puppet theatre. Renovations were completed in 1976. While the exterior of the building has largely retained its pre-war appearance, the interior has been redesigned to fit the needs of a theatre.

## Gallery

* Luisenkirche
* Luisenkirche
# Colon Theater Ballet

Colon Theater Ballet is a ballet company based in Buenos Aires, Argentina. The company is attached to the Colon Theater, which is also home to the Buenos Aires Philharmonic orchestra and the Colon Theater Opera company. It was established in 1925 and is the oldest ballet company in South America.

## History

The Colon Theater Ballet is based at the Colon Theater in Argentina's capital and largest city, Buenos Aires. The Colon Theater was built in 1908 and an opera company was created at that time at the new theater. Colon Theater is the largest classical music hall in South America. Although the current Colon Theater opened in 1908, it was not until 1925 that the Theater's own dance company gave its first performance. Before that, the Colon Theater had hosted foreign ballet artists on its stage, with touring companies from Europe presenting full ballets as early as 1867. Vaslav Nijinsky's final performance was at the Colon Theatre on September 26, 1911, when he danced in Le Spectre de la Rose and Petrushka.
From the late 1930s to the late 1940s, the company developed to a larger scale under the choreographer Margarita Wallman. The Ballets Russes company, under Colonel de Basel, fled World War II and found temporary refuge at the Colon Theater during the 1940s. Avant garde choreographers of the period worked in Buenos Aires, including Bronislava Nijinska, Michel Fokine, who staged eight of his ballets at the Colon Theater Ballet; Serge Lifar; Leonide Massine, Antony Tudor and David Lichine.
Even larger productions were staged during the 1950s. By the 1960s, lavish productions with internationally known dancers such as Rudolph Nureyev were held at the Colon Theater. The dance world of Argentina suffered a serious setback on October 10, 1971, when 10 of the country's top ballet performers died in a plane crash.
Argentine ballet gained a higher profile during the 1980s. Maximiliano Guerra rose to the position of principal at the English National Ballet, and returned with that company to perform Swan Lake at the Colon Theater. Paloma Herrera was already well known while being a dance student at Colon Theater. Julio Bocca studied dance at the Colon, then went on to perform internationally. He founded Ballet Argentino in 1990, with a focus on young Argentinian dancers.
Colon Theater Ballet helped launch the newly renovated Colon Theater during its 2010 season.

## Guest performers

Many internationally known ballet artists have performed on the Colon Theatre stage, including: Anna Pavlova, Vaslav Nijinsky, Rudolf Nureyev, Alicia Alonso, Maya Plisetskaya, Margot Fonteyn, Mikhail Barishnikov, Vladimir Vassileyev, and Antonio Gades. Notable Argentinian dancers who have performed at Colon Theatre include: María Ruanova, Olga Ferri, Michel Borovsky, José Neglia, Norma Fontenla, Wasil Tupin, Esmeralda Agoglia, Jorge Donn, Julio Bocca, Maximiliano Guerra, and Paloma Herrera.
# Lornay

Lornay (French pronunciation:; Arpitan: Lourné) is a commune in the Haute-Savoie department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region in south-eastern France.

## Geography

The Fier forms the commune's eastern border.
# Osserain-Rivareyte

Osserain-Rivareyte (Basque: Ozaraine-Erribareita) is a commune in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department in south-western France.
It is located in the historical province of Soule.
# Semyon Altov

Semyon Altov (Russian: Семён Альтов) (born January 17, 1945) is a Soviet comedy writer. Original name: Semyon Teodorovich Altshuller (Russian: Семён Теодо́рович Альтшуллер).
Semyon Altov was born in Sverdlovsk. The same year the family moved to Leningrad, where Semyon Altov spent his whole life.

## Awards

* 2003: Honored Artist of the Russian Federation
# William Granzig

William Granzig (July 13, 1939 – November 16, 2019) was an American sexologist.

## Biography

He was the president, professor and dean of Clinical Sexology at Maimonides University in North Miami Beach, Florida which was later moved to Orlando and renamed to the American Academy of Clinical Sexologists and with a final name change in 2014 to the American Academy of Clinical Sexology (AACS). The AACS closed its doors in 2020 shortly after his death. He was the schools director and a professor of the university's sexology program.
In 1986, Granzig founded the American Academy of Clinical Sexologist within Maimonides University.
In 1989, Granzig founded the American Board of Sexology.
He was also a past president of the American Association of Sexuality Educators and Therapists (AASET, now AASECT) from 1978–1980 and was the youngest and first gay president. During his presidency the certification program was started. Dorothy Strauss became the first chair of the newly formed certification committee. The SAR requirement was born out of the premise that at that time, people didn’t talk about sex nor aware of their attitudes of sex and how it affected their sexuality. Patricia Schiller was the executive director at the time and introduced adding therapists into the association and changing the name to include therapists. The board added the “T” onto “AASECT”, including the therapists into the association. Before that, most of the membership consisted of sex educators. He was also the first editor of the journal that was included as a benefit of membership.
He was president of the Sixth World Congress of Sexology, and was an editor of several national and international journals in sexology. In 2002 the German Society for Social-Scientific Sexuality Research (DGSS) awarded Granzig its highest award, the Magnus Hirschfeld Medal for his lifetime contribution of advancing sexological reform worldwide. William Granzig is widely considered an authority on sexology and is frequently quoted in the media. (See Articles quoting William Granzig below.)

## Education

Granzig received his Ph.D. from Loyola University Chicago, and is a Lifetime Founding Fellow of the American Academy of Clinical Sexology.

## Works

* "The Baby Trap" 1971 by Ellen Peck and William Granzig
* The Parent Test: How to Measure and Develop Your Talent for Parenthood (ISBN 0399120300) (1978) with Ellen Peck
# List of newspapers in Jamaica

This is a list of newspapers in Jamaica:
* Daily Star
* The Daily Gleaner, the oldest Jamaican daily published by Gleaner Company, founded in 1834, oldest continually published, English language newspaper in the Western Hemisphere
* The Agriculturalist, the oldest and most consistent agricultural newspaper in the Caribbean for 28 years. Published by Patrick Maitland
* The Jamaica Churchman OCLC 63206121
* Jamaica Herald
* Jamaica Information Service (JIS), information and news service of the Jamaican Government
* Jamaica Observer, Jamaican daily
* The Jamaica Star (1951–present), Jamaican daily
* Jamaican Times
* Royal Gazette
* Western Mirror

## Defunct newspapers

* Jamaica despatch, and Kingston chronicle ceased between 1839 and 1841, OCLC 18324191
* Jamaica Courant, OCLC 793908775
* Abeng, weekly newspaper published in 1969
* Daily News, daily newspaper published from May 1973 to April 1983
* Weekly Jamaica Courant, weekly newspaper published in Kingston, Jamaica, 1718‍–‍1755
# Marvin Bush

Marvin Pierce Bush (born October 22, 1956) is an American businessman. He is a son of former U.S. President George H. W. Bush and First Lady Barbara Bush and the brother of former U.S. President George W. Bush, former Florida Governor Jeb Bush, the late Robin Bush, Neil Bush, and Dorothy Bush Koch.

## Biography
### Early life

Marvin Pierce Bush was born on October 22, 1956, in Midland, Texas, and was named after his maternal grandfather, Marvin Pierce. He attended Woodberry Forest School in Virginia, graduating in 1975. He went on to obtain a B.A. degree in English from the University of Virginia, where he became a member of the Delta Phi fraternity (St. Elmo Hall). He spent most summers and holidays at the Bush family estate.

### Career

He worked as director of HCC Insurance Holdings. HCC, formerly Houston Casualty Company, is a publicly traded insurance company on the New York Stock Exchange. He appears in the 2008 award-winning documentary on Lee Atwater, Boogie Man: The Lee Atwater Story. He served on the board of directors for SECURACOM from 1993 to June 2000.

### Personal life

He is married to Margaret Conway (née Molster; b. 1959). They have two adopted children: a daughter, Marshall Lloyd (b. 1984), and a son, Charles Walker (b. 1989).

## Politics

In the 2016 presidential election, Bush endorsed Libertarian candidate Gary Johnson, over either Republican candidate Donald Trump or Democratic candidate Hillary Clinton. He stated that Johnson and running mate Bill Weld were both two-term governors, who are "fiscally conservative, and their essential message is 'get bureaucracy off our backs', which used to be a part of what the Republicans believed." He said that a list of controversies made Clinton untrustworthy, and cited Trump's negativity.
Bush previously endorsed his brother Jeb Bush, who lost the Republican primary. His announcement was consistent with his family's general opposition to Trump. In the Republican primaries, however, another Bush brother, Neil Bush, joined the Ted Cruz election campaign on the finance team.