OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Grassholm

Grassholm (Welsh: Gwales or Ynys Gwales) or Grassholm Island is a small uninhabited island situated 13 kilometres (8 mi) off the southwestern Pembrokeshire coast in Wales, lying west of Skomer, in the community of Marloes and St Brides. It is the westernmost point in Wales other than the isolated rocks on which the Smalls Lighthouse stands. Grassholm is known for its huge colony of northern gannets; the island has been owned since 1947 by the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds, and is one of its oldest reserves. It reaches 42 metres (138 ft).
Grassholm National Nature Reserve is the third most important site for gannets in the world, after two sites in Scotland: St Kilda and Bass Rock. It serves as a breeding site for 39,000 pairs of the birds, and supports around 10 per cent of the world population. The turbulent sea around Grassholm is a good feeding area for porpoises and bottlenose dolphins.
The island has a significant problem with marine plastic, brought to the island by breeding gannets, as nesting material which the birds have mistaken for seaweed floating in the surrounding waters. The problem has been ongoing through twelve years of RSPB conservation to 2017, and surveys have indicated that 80% of nests contain waste plastics.
Boats sail to Grassholm from St Davids Lifeboat Station and Martin's Haven on the mainland, but members of the public are not permitted to land.
Geologically, the island is largely formed from keratophyre, though the northwest coast and the islet of West Tump are formed from basalt. A couple of NE-SW aligned faults cross the island. Raised beaches are present in places.

## The entertaining of the noble head

Grassholm has been identified with Gwales, an island in the medieval Welsh story Branwen ferch Llŷr (Branwen the daughter of Llŷr), one of the Four Branches of the Mabinogi. Gwales is the site of a fabulous castle where the severed head of Brân the Blessed is kept miraculously alive for eighty years while his companions feast in blissful forgetfulness, until the opening of a forbidden door that faces Cornwall recalls them to their sorrow and the need to bury the head at the White Mount (the Tower of London). Brân is the Welsh for 'raven', which has a legendary connection with the Tower of London.
   And at the end of the seventh year they set out for Gwales in Penfro. And there was for them there a fair royal place overlooking the sea, and a great hall it was. [...] And that night they were there without stint, and were joyful. [...] And there they passed the fourscore years so that they were not aware of having ever spent a time more joyous and delightful than that. It was not more irksome, nor could any tell of his fellow that he was older during that time, than when they came there. Nor was it more irksome having the head with them then than when Bendigeidfran had been with them alive. And because of those fourscore years it was called the Assembly of the Wondrous Head.

## Shipwreck

On 15 July 1945, the cargo ship Walter L M Russ ran aground on Grassholm and sank. Nine crew were rescued by the Angle Lifeboat.
# Krascheninnikovia lanata

Krascheninnikovia lanata is a species of flowering plant currently placed in the family Amaranthaceae (previously, Chenopodiaceae), known by the common names winterfat, white sage, and wintersage. It is native to much of western North America: from central Western Canada; through the Western United States; to northern Mexico.
The genus was named for Stepan Krasheninnikov—the early 18th-century Russian botanist and explorer of Siberia and Kamchatka.

## Distribution and habitat

Winterfat grows in a great variety of habitats at 100–2,700 metres (330–8,860 ft) in elevation—from grassland plains and xeric scrublands to rain shadow faces of montane locations.
Winterfat is a halophyte that thrives in salty soils such as those on alkali flats, including those of the Great Basin, Central Valley, Great Plains, and Mojave Desert.

## Description

Krascheninnikovia lanata is a small shrub sending erect stem branches to heights between 0.5–1 metre (1.6–3.3 ft). It produces flat lance-shaped leaves up to 3 centimeters long. The stems and gray foliage are covered in woolly white hairs that age to a reddish color. The woolly hairs start development in the late fall and gradually diminish through the winter season.
The tops of the stem branches are occupied by plentiful spike inflorescences from March to June. The shrub is generally monoecious, with each upright inflorescence holding mostly staminate flowers with a few pistillate flowers clustered near the bottom. The staminate flowers have large, woolly leaflike bracts.
The pistillate flowers have smaller bracts and develop tiny white fruits. The silky hairs on the fruits allow for wind dispersal.

## Cultivation

Krascheninnikovia lanata is cultivated in the specialty plant nursery trade as an ornamental plant for xeriscape and wildlife gardens, and native plant natural landscapes. The light gray foliage can be a distinctive feature in garden designs. The plants are very long-lived.

## Uses

Winterfat is an important winter forage for livestock and wildlife because its evergreen leaves are high in protein, hence its common name.

### Cultivation

Winterfat is sometimes grown in xeriscape or native plant gardens for its striking whitish wool. It is especially valued for the fall and winter interest it provides in gardens. Small plants are easily transplanted.

### Native American use

Winter fat was a traditional medicinal plant used by many Native American tribes that lived within its large North American range. These tribes used traditional plants to treat a wide variety of ailments and for other benefits. The Zuni people use a poultice of ground root bound with a cotton cloth to treat burns.
# Vek (magazine)

Vek (Russian: Век, Century) was a Russian weekly magazine which was published in Saint Petersburg from January 1861 until May 1862.

## History

Vek's first editor was Pyotr Weinberg. Alexander Druzhinin was the head of a literature department, while Konstantin Kavelin and Vladimir Bezobrazov supervised the law and economy sections, respectively. There was a strong group of regular contributors to Vek: Ivan Turgenev, Nikolai Nekrasov, Aleksey Pleshcheyev, Nikolai Leskov, Nikolai Uspensky, Mikhail Mikhaylov, and Pyotr Boborykin among them. In August 1861 Weinberg's satire aimed at some literary charity in Perm, involving a local activist Tolmachyova, outraged Russian feminists and in December he quit his post, making Grigory Yeliseyev his successor.
Vek's political agenda was eclectic. The journal's publicist section bore a strong narodnik influence: Yeliseyev, Afanasy Shchapov, and Nikolai Shelgunov promoted the idea of Russia's own, non-capitalist way of development, based on historical tradition of collectivism. Vek strongly supported the idea of common people's active participation in affairs of the state, demanding more social and political freedoms.
Writers belonging to the radical left, who contributed also to Sovremennik and Iskra, also found their tribune in Vek. Some, like Nikolai Serno-Solovyevich were active members of underground political circles. Eventually the conflict between factions came to a head and on March 27, 1862, Serno-Solovyevich, Alexander Engelgardt, Nikolai Shelgunov, and several other members quit the magazine. On April 29 the last, 17th issue came out and Vek closed for good due to the lack of finances.
# Aziza Siddiqui

Aziza Siddiqui (Pashto: عزيزه صديقي; born c. 1983) is an Afghan women's rights activist. She was the Women's Rights Coordinator with the Afghan NGO Action Aid, where she conducted research on the situation of rural Afghan women and educated them about their rights, as well as organized trainings on decision-making, despite being personally threatened for her work.
Born in Afghanistan, Siddiqui left for Pakistan when she was eight years old because of war, but returned to Afghanistan in 2003 to work for women's rights. In 2007 she received an International Women of Courage Award. However, being well known she was unable to safely return to Afghanistan after that, and so she obtained asylum in the United States.
In 2008, she began working as a case worker for BIAS, Bi-lingual International Assistant Services, which assists elderly and disabled immigrants, asylees, and refugees. In 2009 Siddiqui received the "Extraordinary Ordinary Person of the Year" Award from Gitana Productions, which promotes diversity through the arts and arts education.
# Tim Baker (American football)

Timothy Charles Baker (born October 23, 1977) is a former professional American football wide receiver in the National Football League (NFL).
# Central District (Davarzan County)

The Central District of Davarzan County (Persian: بخش مرکزی شهرستان داورزن) is in Razavi Khorasan province, Iran. Its capital is the city of Davarzan.

## History

After the 2011 National Census, Davarzan District was separated from Sabzevar County in the establishment of Davarzan County, which was divided into two districts of two rural districts each, with Davarzan as its capital and only city.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2016 census, the district's population was 11,947 inhabitants in 4,226 households.

### Administrative divisions

Central District (Davarzan County) Population :
| Administrative Divisions | 2016 |
| Kah RD | 3,771 |
| Mazinan RD | 5,432 |
| Davarzan (city) | 2,744 |
| Total | 11,947 |
| RD = Rural District ||
# Nomreh-ye Yek

Nomreh-ye Yek (Persian: نمره يك, also Romanized as Nomreh Yek) is a village in Gazin Rural District, Raghiveh District, Haftgel County, Khuzestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 158, in 32 families.
# Dinerth Castle

The Castle of Dinerth (Welsh: Castell Dineirth, Castell Dinerth, or Castell Allt Craig Arth) is a Welsh castle located near Aberarth, Ceredigion, west Wales that was completed c. AD 1110. It is also known as Hero Castle, presumably from the Norse hiro ("king's carl").

## History

The founder is thought to be one Richard de la Mare, a follower of Richard fitz Gilbert, Lord of Clare, an Anglo-Norman lord, who, by the archaeological evidence, built it on top of a previous defensive position. The castle was razed by Gruffydd ap Rhys but probably rebuilt, as it is known to have been destroyed again by Owain Gwynedd in 1136. The castle probably spent the next fifty years passing from one feudal ruler to another: from Hywel to Cadwaladr in 1144, and then ceded to Roger de Clare, 3rd Earl of Hertford in 1158, who garrisoned it. Destroyed by The Lord Rhys in 1164, it came into the possession of Maelgwn ap Rhys who lost it to, and recovered it from, his brother, Gruffudd ap Rhys. Maelgwn dismantled it to prevent his lands being held by Llywelyn the Great of Gwynedd. As Llywelyn then captured and held all the territory from the River Arth to the River Aeron, he conferred Dinerth on the sons of Maelgwn's brother Gruffudd as was rightfully due. The site was abandoned soon afterwards.

## The site

The ruins of the medieval timber castle can be found on a hill about 1½ miles up the valley from the seaside town of Aberarth. It occupies a strategic position at the confluence of the River Arth with the Erthyg Brook, with steep ravines on all sides except the east where there is a deep ditch backed by a bank. The whole site covers about three hectares and includes two mounds, which presumably supported towers, and a series of platforms to the south where it is likely the main buildings stood including the hall. The whole site is now covered by ancient oak and beech woodland which supports a varied flora.

## Arthurian legend

The site's Welsh name (lit. "Fort Bear") and a passage in Gildas's work On the Ruin of Britain., describing a receptaculi ursi (literally "bear's lair" but equally "stronghold of the Bear"), led some historians to suggest that the site might have a connection with King Arthur or his supposed court at Camelot. However, the site's name more likely derives from the nearby River Arth and the passage in Gildas, describing the King Cuneglas much more likely describes the Dark Age hillfort of Dinerth at Bryn Euryn above Llandrillo-yn-Rhos, his supposed kingdom.
# Nu (programming language)

Nu is an interpreted object-oriented programming language, with a Lisp-like syntax, created by Tim Burks as an alternative scripting language to program OS X through its Cocoa application programming interface (API). Implementations also exist for iPhone and Linux.
The language was first announced at C4, a conference for indie Mac developers held in August 2007.

## Example code

This Nu code defines a simple complex numbers class.
The example is a basic definition of a complex number: it defines the instance variables, and a method to initialize the object. It shows the similarity between the code in Nu and the equivalent in Objective-C; it also shows the similarity with Ruby.
This sample, from the nuke tool bundled with Nu, also shows the influence of Objective-C, Lisp, and Ruby in the design of the language.
# Ernst Thälmann Pioneer Organisation session

An Ernst Thälmann Pioneer Organisation session (Pioniernachmittag) was a regular gathering of members of the Ernst Thälmann Pioneer Organisation in the GDR. The session, held on Wednesday afternoons, was arranged by either the class teacher (form tutor) or an adult volunteer for all form pioneers. In 1989, 98% of schoolchildren in the GDR were members of the Ernst Thälmann Pioneer Organisation, making these regular afternoons an integral part of extracurricular school life.
Ernst Thälmann Pioneer Organisation sessions consisted of a mixture of social activities, adventure, and socialist teaching. Social activities and adventures included sports, discos, walks, hand-crafts, celebrations or paper chases. These activities were comparable to that of other youth organisations like the Scouts. More propaganda-like activities were visits of the Soviet Army and police or lectures about the history of Socialism or the October Revolution.
Furthermore, the school achievements (or the lack thereof) of individual pupils were publicly discussed in these sessions. Strong students were assigned to weak students as tutors.
Regularly, afternoons were used to collect waste for recycling from individual households. Pupils walked from door to door and asked for paper, metal, glass bottles and jars, or clothes. The resources were sold and the proceeds were given to charitable causes (like Vietnam or Sandinists) or used for school activities. In 1979/80, pupils collected 73 million jars and bottles of glass, 20,000 tons of metal, 30,000 tons of paper and 9,000 tons of used textiles.
# Yeltsovka, Troitsky District, Altai Krai

Yeltsovka (Russian: Ельцовка) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative center of Khayryuzovsky Selsoviet, Troitsky District, Altai Krai, Russia. The population was 646 as of 2013. There are 4 streets.

## Geography

It is located 110 km south-east from Barnaul, on the Yeltsovka River.
# Akbarabad, Azadshahr

Akbarabad (Persian: اكبراباد, also Romanized as Akbarābād) is a village in Khormarud-e Shomali Rural District, in the Central District of Azadshahr County, Golestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 1,039, in 240 families.
# Dar Dehu-ye Pain

Dar Dehu-ye Pain (Persian: دردهوپائين, also Romanized as Dar Dehū-ye Pā’īn and Dar Dehū Pā’īn) is a village in Banestan Rural District, in the Central District of Behabad County, Yazd Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 24, in 11 families.
# Falaver-e Pain

Falaver-e Pain (Persian: فلاورپائين, also Romanized as Falāver-e Pā’īn) is a village in Baqerabad Rural District, in the Central District of Mahallat County, Markazi Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 35, in 8 families.
# Kumara Welgama

Kumara Welgama (Sinhala: කුමාර වෙල්ගම; 5 April 1950 – 28 September 2024) was a Sri Lankan politician who served as a Member of Parliament for the Kalutara District between 1994 and 2024. Welgama had been a minister of the Sri Lanka Freedom Party in the past from 2020, to his death in 2024 he was the leader of the New Lanka Freedom Party and contested elections with the Samagi Jana Balawegaya.
Welgama was the chief organiser for the Sri Lanka Freedom Party in the Agalawatte electorate between 1984 and 2000. Welgama was the Minister of Industrial Development from 2007 to 2010 and the Minister of Transportation from 2010 to early 2015 in governments led by the SLFP.
Welgama had been a member of the Sri Lanka Freedom Party until 2019, when he defected from the party after it supported the presidential candidacy of Gotabaya Rajapaksa, paving the way for the return of the Rajapaksa family. He supported UNP candidate Sajith Premadasa instead and founded a new party named New Lanka Freedom Party, which joined the Samagi Jana Balawegaya alliance led by Sajith Premadasa to run for the 2020 Sri Lankan parliamentary election.
Welgama died while receiving treatment at a private hospital in Colombo, on 28 September 2024. He was 74.
# Ad Quintum

Ad Quintum (Albanian: Stacioni Romak) was an ancient settlement and a Roman thermal complex in Illyricum, near Bradashesh, present-day Albania. Ad Quintum was a mutatio ("changing station" or "way station") of the Via Egnatia, which connected western Illyria with eastern Thrace, from the two starting points of Dyrrhachium and Apollonia, to Byzantium. The two branches of the first part of the Via Egnatia converged at Ad Quintum, then the road continued eastwards through the valley of the Shkumbin.

## Description

Ad Quintum was located on the Via Egnatia connecting Dyrrhachium and Apollonia with Byzantium. The Via Egnatia started with two branches, the northern one from Dyrrhachium, and the southern one from Apollonia. The two branches converged at Ad Quintum, continuing eastwards through the valley of the Shkumbin.
The thermal complex was built in the middle of the 2nd century AD, and continued to be populated until the 4th century AD. It was abandoned perhaps due to the civic development of nearby Scampa or to the reduced use of the road station. Its well preserved ruins can be seen near the present-day village Bradashesh, right next to the SH7 road.
Compared with other contemporary thermal structures, its surface is rather modest: 41.5 x 11 m$^2$. However, the architectural spaces are well structured, including a large Nymphaeum, the frigidarium, the apodyterium, the tepidarium, the calidarium, the laconicum and the praefurnum. The bathhouse consists of five main rooms. At the eastern end there is an apsed exedra that was used as a dining room. This connects to the small rectangular cold plunge-bath. The apodyterium (undressing room) also survived with fine paintings and frescoes on its walls. Further to the western end of the building the ruins of the laconicum (heated sweating room) can be seen with the traces of the hypocaust (underfloor heating), along with the adjacent praefernium (furnace).
The site was extensively excavated around 1968 which uncovered a fine Roman villa and a remarkably well-preserved thermae (bathhouse) taking advantage of the abundant springs nearby.

## Gallery

* Entrance of the frigidarium
* Rear wall of the apodyterium
* Hypocaust
# Tehran Farzanegan School

Farzanegan Schools (Persian: مدرسه فرزانگان) are girls-only schools located in the cities of Iran, administered under the National Organization for Development of Exceptional Talents. The schools, which include middle school and high school.

## NODET

"NODET" stands for National Organization for Development of Extraordinary Talents (SAMPAD in Persian). It used to be a separate organization funded by the government. In 2009, it was combined with the Ministry of Education and therefore weakened substantially. It is a chain of schools which are located in the center of most provinces in two levels: high school and guidance school. Sampad has had some notable alumni including people like Maryam Mirzakhani, Reza Amirkhani, Elshan Moradi, and Roozbeh Pournader.

## Farzanegan Schools in Tehran

Tehran enjoys a number of Farzaneghan Schools for girls.
NODET Farzaneghan Schools for girls in Tehran
# Ibn Rumahis

Muhammad ibn Rumahis (Arabic: محمد بن رماحس) was a Muslim Admiral in 10th Century Spain. He is remembered in Jewish History for capturing of four Babylonian Rabbis and ransoming them to the Jewish communities of Alexandria, Kairouan, Córdoba, and one unidentified other location.

## Personal life

He was born somewhere in the north of the Iberian Peninsula, where he was taken captive in a raid by the caliph Abd al-Rahman III (891-961). When the Caliph became acquainted with his seafaring abilities, he was manumitted and named Admiral of the Caliphate fleet, participating in various actions from 940 until his death in 360 AH (971 CE).

## Four Captive Rabbis

According to Abraham ibn Daud's Sefer HaQabbala, Ibn Rumahis captured a boat containing Shemariah ben Elhanan, Chushiel, father of Chananel ben Chushiel; Moses ben Hanoch; and one other anonymous rabbi while the four were traveling to raise money for the Talmudic academies in Babylonia. Knowing the emphasis Jews placed on redeeming captives, ibn Rumahis traveled the Mediterranean, selling Shemariah to the Alexandrian Jews, Chushiel to the Jews of Kairouan, and Moshe to the Spanish Jews. This is attributed as the source of the spread of Jewish learning from Babylonia to Spain and North Africa. Heinrich Graetz posited that the fourth captive was Nathan ben Isaac HaBabli, who settled, and was presumably sold, to the Jewish community in Narbonne.
# Shahrestanak, Joghatai

Shahrestanak (Persian: شهرستانك) is a village in Joghatai Rural District of the Central District of Joghatai County, Razavi Khorasan province, Iran.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the village's population was 2,210 in 547 households, when it was in the former Joghatai District of Sabzevar County. The following census in 2011 counted 2,176 people in 635 households, by which time the district had been separated from the county in the establishment of Joghatai County. The rural district was transferred to the new Central District. The 2016 census measured the population of the village as 2,156 people in 661 households. It was the most populous village in its rural district.
# USNS Kiska

USNS Kiska (T-AE-35), ex-USS Kiska (AE-35) was one of five ammunition ships operated by Military Sealift Command of the Naval Fleet Auxiliary Force. The ship was laid down on 8 April 1971 at Ingalls Shipbuilding, Pascagoula, Mississippi as USS Kiska (AE-35) and was launched on 11 March 1972. Originally commissioned on December 16, 1972 in Charleston South Carolina. The Kiska then travelled through the Panama canal to its first home port in Mare Island California. She was decommissioned on 1 August 1996, and that same day entered service with Military Sealift Command as USNS Kiska (T-AE-35). She continued to operate under Military Sealift Command's control until she was deactivated at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, on January 15, 2011. Kiska was the eighth and final ship of the Kilauea-class ammunition ships. Kiska was disposed of by Navy title transfer to the Maritime Administration as of May 30, 2013. Kiska was completely dismantled to its material content by Esco Marine, Inc. in Brownsville, Texas on November 20, 2013.

## Citations

* 1 2 3 4 5 6 "USNS Kiska". Naval Vessel Register. Retrieved 18 November 2010.
* 1 2 3 4 5 6 Military Sealift Command 2007, Ship Inventory.
* ↑ "USNS Kiska (T-AE 35)". www.navysite.de. Retrieved March 2, 2023.
* ↑ "Ammunition Ship Photo Index". www.navsource.org. Retrieved March 2, 2023.
* ↑ http://www.nvr.navy.mil/SHIPDETAILS/SHIPSDETAIL_AE_35.HTML