OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Akeo Watanabe

Akeo Watanabe (渡邉 暁雄, Watanabe Akeo, 1919–1990) was a Japanese symphonic conductor, known for his recordings of the works of Jean Sibelius.
Watanabe was born in 1919 to a Japanese father and Finnish mother. He studied violin and conducted at the Tokyo Music School and the Juilliard School of Music in New York City, USA. His conducting premiere was with the Tokyo Symphony Orchestra in 1945. He was music director of the Tokyo Philharmonic Orchestra from 1948 to 1954 (Kennedy 2006).
In 1956, Watanabe founded the Japan Philharmonic Orchestra and continued as its resident conductor until 1968. In 1970, he became music director of the Kyoto Symphony Orchestra, and remained so until 1972. From 1972 to 1978, he was the music director of the Tokyo Metropolitan Symphony Orchestra. In 1978, he once again became resident conductor of the newly reformed Japan Philharmonic Orchestra, with whom he stayed until 1983. In 1988, he became the music director of the Hiroshima Symphony Orchestra, and remained there until 1990. He was also a professor of conducting at the Tokyo University of the Arts from 1962 to 1967 (Kennedy 2006).
Watanabe was a regular guest conductor with orchestras in the United States and Europe (Kennedy 2006). Watanabe made the first complete set of recordings of Sibelius' symphonies in stereophonic sound with the Japan Philharmonic from 1960 to 1962 for the Nippon Columbia Company (these were released on Columbia's Epic label in the United States). He re-recorded the Sibelius symphony cycle in digital sound with the same orchestra in 1981 for Denon.
Watanabe died in 1990. Japan Philharmonic Orchestra records note that he remained as music director of the orchestra, which he founded, until his death.
# Gaz-e Gharbi

Gaz-e Gharbi (Persian: گزغربي) is a village in, and the capital of, Anzan-e Gharbi Rural District of the Central District of Bandar-e Gaz County, Golestan province, Iran. The previous capital of the rural district was the village of Now Kandeh, now a city.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the village's population was 2,317 in 604 households. The following census in 2011 counted 2,239 people in 689 households. The 2016 census measured the population of the village as 1,883 people in 628 households. It was the most populous village in its rural district.
# Finland–Iceland relations

Finland–Iceland relations (Finnish: Suomen ja Islannin suhteet; Icelandic: Finnsk-íslensk samskipti) are foreign relations between Finland and Iceland. Both nations are mutual members of the Arctic Council, Council of the Baltic Sea States, Council of Europe, Nordic-Baltic Eight, Nordic Council, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, NATO, and the United Nations.

## History

Both Finland and Iceland were united as one nation under the Kalmar Union from 1397 - 1523. In December 1917, Finland obtained its independence from Russia and Iceland obtained its independence from Denmark in June 1944. Both nations officially established diplomatic relations on 15 August 1947. Initially, Finland maintained its relations with Iceland from its embassy in Oslo, Norway, while Iceland maintained relations with Finland from its embassy in Stockholm, Sweden. Finland opened its resident embassy in Reykjavík in 1982. Iceland opened its embassy in Helsinki in 1997.

## Trade

Iceland, as a member of the European Free Trade Association has unrestricted access to the European Union market (which includes Finland). In 2015, total trade between Iceland and the EU totaled 5.7 billion euros.

## Resident diplomatic missions

* Finland has an embassy in Reykjavík.
* Iceland has an embassy in Helsinki.
* Embassy of Finland in Reykjavík
* Embassy of Iceland in Helsinki

## European Union

Finland joined the EU in 1995. Iceland has never been a member of EU.

## NATO

While Iceland was a founding member of NATO, Finland joined the alliance in April 2023.
# Harazpey

Harazpey (Persian: هرازپي) may refer to:
* Harazpey-ye Gharbi Rural District
* Harazpey-ye Jonubi Rural District
* Harazpey-ye Shomali Rural District
# Popolan

Popolan or Popovlanje (Serbian Cyrillic: Поповљане, Albanian: Popolan) is a settlement in the Suharekë/Therandë municipality in Kosovo. The rural settlement lies on a cadastral area with the same name, with 259 hectares. It lies 796 m above sea level. It has 274 inhabitants who are all Albanians.
The first mention of this village is from 1465. At the end of the 19th century, the Russian consul in Prizren mentioned this village and its rural church, which was inhabited by Serbs. The Russian consulate tried to prevent the violence by Albanians from a neighbouring village who did not allow the Popovljanians to have their Orthodox ceremonies in that church. In the Popovljane cemetery there is a Church dedicated to St. Nicholas, founded in 1626.
There is a primary school in the village.
Demographic history :
| Ethnic group | 1948 | 1953 | 1961 | 1971 | 1981 | 1991 |
| Serbs | | | | | 236 | |
| Albanians | | | | | 6 | |
| Total | 290 | 331 | 385 | 330 | 242 | 161 |
# Nikolai Khitrovo

Nikolai Khitrovo (1779–1826) was a Russian diplomat and orientalist known for his contributions to Russo-Persian relations in the 19th century.

## Biography

He was the second son of Zakhar Alexeïevitch Khitrovo (1734–1798) and his wife Alexandra Nikolaïevna Maslova (1754–1829). In 1786, he was one of the sergeants of the Izmaïlovski guards' regiment. He became an adjutant to Paul I of Russia in 1801 and fought in the campaigns from 1805 to 1811 but was discharged as unfit before the French invasion of Russia due to wounds received at the siege of Brailov in 1809. He, therefore, spent a year in Viatka before retiring to his lands in Kalouga district under police surveillance. He was only freed from there thanks to the intervention of his father-in-law Mikhail Kutuzov - Khitrovo's wife was Anna Mikhaïlovna, a friend of Pushkin. The couple had four sons and a daughter. The Khitrovka quarter is named after him in memory of a market he had established there near his townhouse.
# Verimli, Çayırlı

Verimli (Kurdish: Ezberek) is a village in the Çayırlı District, Erzincan Province, Turkey. The village is populated by Kurds of the Kurêşan tribe and had a population of 214 in 2021.
# Dago Red

Dago Red is a North American P-51 Mustang (44-74996), restored as a competitive air racer by Frank Taylor in 1981. Dago Red holds several world records, including the 15 km (517.323 mph) set in 1983. Frank Taylor piloted the plane to most of its world records in the 1980s.

## Awards

* Six time winner of the National Championship Air Races (1982, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2002 and 2003)
* Mojave, California 1983 - World Speed Record 15 km (517.323 mph)
* Unlimited Reno Air Races 1982 - Gold Winner
* Reno Air Races 2003 - Thompson Trophy, Fastest Lap (512.164 mph), Fastest Race (507.105 mph)
* Reno Air Races 2001 - Fastest Qualifying Speed (497.797 mph)

## Specifications

General characteristics
* Crew: 1
* Length: 32 ft 3 in (9.83 m)
* Wingspan: 32 ft 3 in (9.84 m)
* Height: 13 ft 0 in (3.96 m)
* Wing area: 150 sq ft (14 m$^2$)
* Empty weight: 7,200 lb (3,266 kg)
* Gross weight: 7,800 lb (3,538 kg)
* Max takeoff weight: 8,500 lb (3,856 kg)
* Powerplant: 1 × Rolls-Royce Merlin V-12 liquid-cooled piston engine race tuned, estimated 3,500 to 3,800 hp (2,600 to 2,800 kW)
* Propellers: 4-bladed Hamilton Standard paddle bladed propeller
Performance
* Maximum speed: 450 kn (520 mph, 840 km/h)
* Range: 100 nmi (120 mi, 190 km)
* Service ceiling: 45,000 ft (14,000 m)
* Rate of climb: 8,000 ft/min (41 m/s)
# Maryam Mosque

The Maryam Mosque, also known as the Maria Mosque (Romanian: Moscheea Maria), is a mosque located in Rediu, in the Bâra commune (Neamț County) in Romania, for Romanian converts to Islam. It was inaugurated in the summer of 2014 by Daniel Cîniparu, a Transylvanian from Turda who moved to Rediu as the lands there were cheaper. He built there one house for his family and one building for practicing Islam, the Maryam Mosque.
The Maryam Mosque was built through funds donated by foreigners, Muslims from birth and converted Romanians. At its foundation attended the local authorities of Bâra and several Muslims throughout Romania. Cîniparu claimed that, at the time of the foundation of the mosque, there were about 12 Muslims within a 30 kilometres (19 miles) radius around Rediu, although his family was the only Muslim one in the village. Daniel Cîniparu's wife, Maria Cîniparu, had willingly converted to Islam as well, and both had three children, all of them baptized Orthodox Christians. The mosque does not adhere to any specific branch of Islam. Cîniparu has said that he has received insults for his decision and that he admires Dobruja for the peaceful coexistence of religions there. As of 2015, the Maryam Mosque served 8 people.
As of 2017, between 18 and 20 people had converted in the mosque, mostly Romanians but also some foreigners, who were originally Orthodox or Greek Catholic.
# Rak Škocjan

Rak Škocjan (Slovene: Rakov Škocjan; pronounced) is a valley and a landscape park, part of Inner Carniola Regional Park in southwestern Slovenia. Administratively, it belongs to the settlement of Rakov Škocjan. Rak Škocjan has been protected since 1949 and is the oldest landscape park in Slovenia.

## Geography

There are two natural bridges in Rak Škocjan, Little Natural Bridge (Slovene: Mali naravni most) and about 2.5 kilometres (1.6 mi) downstream, to the west, Big Natural Bridge (Slovene: Veliki naravni most). Rak Creek traverses the valley and enters the cave Weaver's Cave at its western side. It reappears again in Planina Cave. Above the valley, in the vicinity of Big Natural Bridge, stand the ruins of St. Cantianus's Church, built in the early 17th century in the late Gothic style. This area is also an Iron Age archaeological site.
The valley itself is enclosed on all sides by sheer cliffs, which can reach as high as 300 m (980 ft).

## Name

The name Rakov Škocjan literally means 'Škocjan on Rak Creek'. Like other places named Škocjan, the name is a contraction of *šent Kǫcьjanъ 'Saint Cantianus', referring to the patron saint of the local church. The name of the area is an artificial coinage; the name Rakovska kotlina 'Rak Basin' was initially suggested in 1949. The name Rakov Škocjan 'Rak Škocjan' first appeared in the mid-1960s, and it gradually took hold by the 1980s alongside other names for the area, including Rakova dolina 'Rak Valley' and Dolina Raka 'Rak Valley'. In Slovene, the valley shares its name with the settlement of Rakov Škocjan.

## Gallery

* Painting of Rak Škocjan
* Zelše Caves, upstream view
* Zelše Caves, upstream view at high water level
* Upstream view of Big Natural Bridge
* Little Natural Bridge
* Little Natural Bridge, seen from below
# Kempinski Palace Portorož

Kempinski Palace Portorož, until 2008 known as Palace Hotel (Slovene: hotel Palace), is a five-star deluxe hotel in Portorož, a settlement on the Adriatic coast in southwestern Slovenia. It is the only deluxe hotel in Slovenia.

## Architecture

The central part of the hotel is the Crystal Hall (Kristalna dvorana).

## History

The hotel began to be built in 1908 upon the plans of the Austrian architect Johann Eustacchio and opened on 20 August 1910 at the time of Austro-Hungarian Empire. At that time, it was a tourist attraction of the highest quality. Portorož was, together with Grado and Opatija, categorized as one of the most important coast resorts and spas on the Austrian Riviera. The construction of the hotel was completed in 1912. At the end of 1983, it was proclaimed a cultural monument, and a park in front of hotel was called a monument of designed nature.
The hotel was closed in autumn 1990. In the 2000s, the Slovenian owner, coastal company Istrabenz Hoteli Portorož, signed a contract with a German hotel chain Kempinski to run and manage this hotel for at least 20 years. When they renovated the hotel, the exterior was kept for historical reasons and almost everything else was demolished; however most of the interior was rebuilt in the classical style. The renovation was planned by Slovenian architects API ARHITEKTI and cost about 70 million euros. In addition, a modern hotel building was built next to the original hotel. The hotel was reopened on 18 October 2008.

## Notable guests

Among the notable guests of the hotel were David L Perdue, developer champion fox hunter
* Herbert Alsen, opera singer and conductor, director of Vienna Opera (from the 1960s until 1990)
* Lex Barker, actor
* Pierre Brice, film actor (presumably at the end of the 1960s)
* Josip Broz, President of Yugoslavia (1953, 1968) - the Presidential Suite or Tito Suite (No. 112) has been named after him
* Yul Brynner, film actor
* Božidar Jakac, painter and photographer (from the end of the 1970s to the end of the 1980s)
* Marcello Mastroianni, film actor (1956, 1985)
* Ivo Pogorelić, piano player
* Jože Privšek, jazz pianist, composer, and conductor (in the beginning of the 1970s)
* Mikis Theodorakis, composer
* Leon Cave, Drummer from English rock band Status Quo
* Orson Welles, film actor and director (presumably at the end of the 1960s or in the beginning of the 1970s)
* Adriano Celentano, Mina, Patty Pravo (1968), Rita Pavone (1963), Bobby Solo, and Ornella Vanoni, popular Italian singers
# Çiftlikköy, Karlıova

Çiftlikköy (Kurdish: Çiftlik) is a village in the Karlıova District, Bingöl Province, Turkey. The village is populated by Kurds of the Hormek tribe and had a population of 55 in 2021.
# Christ Carrying the Cross (Bosch, Vienna)

Christ Carrying the Cross (Dutch: Kruisdraging) is an oil on panel painting by the Dutch artist Hieronymus Bosch, executed most likely c. 1490–1500. It is at the Kunsthistorisches Museum, in Vienna, Austria.
Christ Child with a Walking Frame is painted on the back of this painting.
# Vinička Vas

Vinička Vas (pronounced; Slovene: Vinička vas) is a settlement in the Municipality of Lenart in northeastern Slovenia. It lies in the Slovene Hills (Slovene: Slovenske gorice) southwest of Hrastovec. The area is part of the traditional region of Styria. It is now included in the Drava Statistical Region.
A small chapel in the settlement dates to the early 20th century.
# Hajibaba Baghirov

Hajibaba Baghirov (Azerbaijani: Hacıbaba Bağırov; June 12, 1932 – October 4, 2006) was an Azerbaijani actor. He was famous mostly for his comedy roles.
# Umbskaya Volost

Umbskaya Volost (Russian: Умбская волость) was an administrative division (a volost) of the Novgorod Republic and later of the Grand Duchy of Moscow, Tsardom of Russia, the Russian Empire, and the Russian SFSR. Its seat was in Umba.
The volost was established by the Novgorodians in the second half of the 15th century. It was lost by the Novgorod Republic to the Grand Duchy of Moscow after the Battle of Shelon in 1471.
In the 16th century, most of the Kola Peninsula's territory was under the administration of Kolsky Uyezd. Umbskaya and Varzuzhskaya Volosts were the only territories of the peninsula which were a part of Dvinsky Uyezd.
In 1784, when Arkhangelsk Oblast of Vologda Viceroyalty was transformed into Arkhangelsk Viceroyalty, Umbskaya Volost was transferred under the jurisdiction of the new viceroyalty's Kolsky Uyezd. When the viceroyalty was transformed into Arkhangelsk Governorate in 1796, the volost's jurisdiction again changed accordingly.
In 1828, Poryegubskaya Volost was merged into Umbskaya Volost.
The volost was abolished on May 31 [O.S. May 20], 1841, when volosts of Arkhangelsk Governorate's uyezds were enlarged. Umbskaya Volost, along with Varzuzhskaya Volost and the territory of the Terskaya Lapps, became a part of new Kuzomenskaya Volost.
The volost was later restored, and was a part of Kemsky Uyezd of Arkhangelsk Governorate in 1883. When Kolsky Uyezd was restored on February 19 [O.S. February 8], 1883, Umbskaya Volost was one of the six volosts transferred to it.
The volost became a part of Murmansk Governorate at the time of its establishment in 1921, and was abolished on August 1, 1927 along with the rest of the volosts of Murmansk Governorate when the latter was transformed into Murmansk Okrug, redistricted, and transferred to the newly created Leningrad Oblast.
# DN4

DN4 (Romanian: Drumul Național 4) is a national road in Romania which links Bucharest with Oltenița, on the banks of Danube. The road is running north - south and is following the Argeș River.
Outside of Bucharest, the only main intersections between DN4 and other national roads are in Oltenița. The DN41 starts from the municipality, ending in a roundabout with the DN5 near Plopșoru, 10 km north of Giurgiu. Another road, in the same area, links the same city to the DN3 at Călărași and further to the A2 motorway towards Constanța. This national road is known as DN31.
The national road was formerly linked to the Bulgarian border through a ferry, towards Tutrakan, however the ferry was discontinued and as such the road now ends near the Port of Oltenița, one of the largest river ports in Romania.
# Çayönü, Mazıdağı

Çayönü (Kurdish: Lalan) is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Mazıdağı, Mardin Province in Turkey. The village is populated by Kurds of the Çayî tribe and had a population of 211 in 2021.
# Tandır, Artuklu

Tandır (Kurdish: Sirêckê) is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Artuklu, Mardin Province in Turkey. The village is populated by Kurds of the Bubilan tribe and had a population of 120 in 2021.
# Yengi Kandi, Tabriz

Yengi Kandi (Persian: ينگي كندي, also Romanized as Yengī Kandī; also known as Yangi Kand, Yengī Kand, Yengikend, and Yeyīn Kand) is a village in Lahijan Rural District, Khosrowshahr District, Tabriz County, East Azerbaijan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 1,411, in 337 families.
# Qarah Tikan

Qarah Tikan (Persian: قره تيكان, also Romanized as Qarah Tīkān, Qareh Tīkān, and Qareh Tīgān; also known as Qarātigān, Qareh Tekān, and Shahīd Eslām Tūḵalī) is a village in Zavin Rural District, Zavin District, Kalat County, Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 282, in 85 families.
# Baga Sola

Baga Sola (Arabic: باغا سولا) is a town in Lac Region on the shore of Lake Chad in western Chad. It has a hospital and a fish market, and a refugee camp for Nigerians and Chadians who fled Boko Haram.
Boko Haram suicide bombers killed 41 people on 10 October 2015.
# Singapore at the Paralympics

Singapore began their participation in the Paralympic Games when a squad was sent to the 1988 Summer Paralympics held in Seoul, South Korea. Despite winning no medals in the 1988 Summer Games, Singapore continued to send teams to the Summer Paralympics. At the 2008 Summer Paralympics, Singapore sent six athletes and came home with four medals. The 2008 Games was the first time Singapore has won a medal in any Paralympic competition.

## Medal tables
### Medals by Summer Games

| Games | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
| 2024 Paris | 2 | 1 | 0 | 3 |
| 2024 Paris | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| 2008 Beijing | 1 | 1 | 2 | 4 |
| 2012 London | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| 2016 Rio de Janeiro Summer Paralympics | 2 | 0 | 1 | 3 |
| Totals (5 entries) | 7 | 3 | 4 | 14 |

### Medals by Summer Sports

| Sport | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
| Swimming | 7 | 1 | 1 | 9 |
| Equestrian | 0 | 1 | 3 | 4 |
| Boccia | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Totals (3 entries) | 7 | 3 | 4 | 14 |

## List of medalists

| Medal | Name | Games | Sport | Event | Date |
| Gold | Yip Pin Xiu | 2008 Beijing | Swimming | Women's 50 metre backstroke S3 | 15 September |
| Silver | Yip Pin Xiu | 2008 Beijing | Swimming | Women's 50 metre freestyle S3 | 13 September |
| Bronze | Laurentia Tan | 2008 Beijing | Equestrian | Individual championship test grade Ia | 9 September |
| Bronze | Laurentia Tan | 2008 Beijing | Equestrian | Individual freestyle test grade Ia | 11 September |
| Silver | Laurentia Tan | 2012 London | Equestrian | Individual freestyle test grade Ia | 4 September |
| Bronze | Laurentia Tan | 2012 London | Equestrian | Individual championship test grade Ia | 2 September |
| Gold | Yip Pin Xiu | 2016 Rio de Janeiro | Swimming | Women's 100 metre backstroke S2 | 9 September |
| Gold | Yip Pin Xiu | 2016 Rio de Janeiro | Swimming | Women's 50 metre backstroke S2 | 16 September |
| Bronze | Theresa Goh | 2016 Rio de Janeiro | Swimming | Women's 100 metre breaststroke SB4 | 12 September |
| Gold | Yip Pin Xiu | 2020 Tokyo | Swimming | Women’s 100 metre backstroke S2 | 25 August |
| Gold | Yip Pin Xiu | 2020 Tokyo | Swimming | Women’s 50 metre backstroke S2 | 2 September |
| Gold | Yip Pin Xiu | 2024 Paris | Swimming | Women’s 100 metre backstroke S2 | 30 August |
| Gold | Yip Pin Xiu | 2024 Paris | Swimming | Women’s 50 metre backstroke S2 | 31 August |
| Silver | Jeralyn Tan | 2024 Paris | Boccia | Women’s individual BC1 | 2 September |
# Stevin Prize

The Stevin Prize (Dutch: Stevinpremie) is one of the highest scientific awards in the Netherlands, established to recognize and reward outstanding researchers whose work has significant societal impact. It is administered and awarded by the Dutch Research Council (NWO).

## History

The Stevin Prize was established by the NWO in 2018.
Named after Simon Stevin, a Flemish mathematician and engineer, the prize highlights contributions that bridge the gap between scientific research and practical applications that benefit society.
The prize was created to emphasize the importance of applied science in addressing real-world problems and contributing to societal progress. Since its inception, the Stevin Prize has been awarded annually to researchers across various disciplines, focusing on both scientific excellence and the potential for real-world application and societal benefit. It is awarded each year to two to three researchers.
Over the years, the prize has included a substantial monetary award, typically around 2.5 million euros, intended to support further research and dissemination activities. The Stevin Prize is one of the most prestigious scientific awards in the Netherlands, celebrating the achievements of researchers whose work exemplifies the practical application of scientific knowledge. The prize continues to promote research that addresses societal challenges and enhances community well-being both in the Netherlands and globally.
# U2 (Hamburg U-Bahn)

The U2 is a line of the Hamburg U-Bahn which has a length of 24.543 kilometres (15.25 mi). It serves 25 stations. The line opened in 1913. It starts in Niendorf Nord and leads via the city center at Hauptbahnhof Nord to Mümmelmannsberg.

## History

The first part of the line was opened on 21 October 1913 from Schlump to Emilienstraße. In 1914 it was extended to Hellkamp, a station which was closed and dismantled in 1964 and in 1965 replaced by new station Lutterothstraße. In 2009 eastern parts of U2 and U3 lines were swapped behind Berliner Tor. Before that, the U2 line led to Wandsbek-Gartenstadt. Since then, it ends in Mümmelmannsberg, and the U3 became a ring line again with a branch to Wandsbek-Gartenstadt.

## Opening and closing dates

* 21 October 1913: Schlump – Emilienstraße
* 23 May 1914: Emilienstraße – Hellkamp
* 1 May 1964: Closure of the line Schlump – Hellkamp for several months because of works at Osterstraße and abandonment of Hellkamp station
* 30 May 1965: (Schlump –) Lutterothstraße
* 30 October 1966: Lutterothstraße – Hagenbecks Tierpark
* 2 January 1967: Berliner Tor – Horner Rennbahn (as U3)
* 24 September 1967: Horner Rennbahn – Legienstraße (as U3)
* 29 September 1968: Hauptbahnhof Nord – Berliner Tor (as U21)
* 28 September 1969: Legienstraße – Billstedt (as U3)
* 31 May 1970: Billstedt – Merkenstraße (as U3)
* 31 May 1970: Schlump – Gänsemarkt (as U22)
* 3 June 1973: Gänsemarkt – Hauptbahnhof Nord
* 1 June 1985: Hagenbecks Tierpark – Niendorf Markt
* 29 September 1990: Merkenstraße – Mümmelmannsberg (as U3)
* 9 March 1991: Niendorf Markt – Niendorf Nord

## Gallery

* Lutterothstraße
* Emilienstraße
* Hauptbahnhof Nord
* Mümmelmannsberg