OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Nizhegorodsky Uyezd

Nizhegorodsky Uyezd (Russian: Нижегородский уезд) was one of the subdivisions of the Russian Tsardom (as an independent unit), the Nizhny Novgorod Governorate of the Russian Empire and the RSFSR, which existed from 1425 to 1929. The main city is Nizhny Novgorod.

## History

After the Nizhny Novgorod-Suzdal Grand Duchy finally became part of the Grand Duchy of Moscow in 1425, the administration of the territories began to be carried out on the basis of localism. The territories of the former principality adjacent to Nizhny Novgorod formed the Nizhny Novgorod Uezd, which bordered on the Galichsky, Kurmyshsky, Muromsky, Gorokhovetsky, Suzdalsky, Yuryevetsky, and later on the Kozmodemyansky, Alatyrsky, Arzamassky and Balakhninsky Uezds.
In the 1610s, volosts were formed. In 1680, the Duma clerk Larion Ivanov developed a document for Tsar Feodor III, revising the well-established boyar titles. In the presented list of titles, the governor of Nizhny Novgorod was among the 23 “power” titles, being in 15th place.

### Reforms of Peter I

In 1708, the Nizhegorodsky Uezd was assigned to the Kazan Governorate, and in 1714 - to the Nizhny Novgorod Governorate.
In 1720, provinces were officially formed in Russia, including the Nizhny Novgorod province, which included the Nizhegorodsky, Balakhninsky and Yuryevetsky Uezds. According to Peter's plan, the province was to become the highest regional division, like the former county, but this decree did not cancel the division into provinces. This was due to the need for the existence of provinces as military districts. The provincial voivode was not subordinate to the governor.
In 1779, separate Semyonovsky, Makaryevsky, Knyagininsky, Gorbatovsky Uezds were separated from the Nizhegorodsky Uezd, some territories were transferred to Vasilsursky and Balakhna counties, and all of them became part of the Nizhny Novgorod Governorate.

## Demographics

At the time of the Russian Empire census of 1897, Nizhegorodsky Uyezd had a population of 222,033. Of these, 97.6% spoke Russian, 1.0% Yiddish, 0.4% Tatar, 0.4% Polish, 0.2% German, 0.1% Belarusian and 0.1% Ukrainian as their native language.
# Michael Sands (media)

Michael Sands (December 14, 1945 – April 6, 2012) was an American fashion print model and actor turned media consultant, representing clients such as George Lazenby, Michael Reagan, Gary Devore, Mr. Blackwell, and Kevin Federline.

## Biography

Sands acted in various roles, including in the Dennis DeYoung Music Video "Don't Wait for Heroes," and frequently discussed celebrity images in the national media. Through producing CelebrityDoctor.co in the late 1990s, Sands pioneered the trend for live TV/web screenings of face-lifts, most famously with Arabella Churchill.
The book The CIA in Hollywood by Tricia Jenkins reports that Sands supported the CIA in establishing a presence in Hollywood in the mid-1990s and even assisted in the capture of Abu Abbas, the terrorist behind the hijacking of the MS Achille Lauro cruise ship in 1985. Sands arranged for Abbas to be interviewed in Baghdad for a book and movie deal, and then gave the interview and Abbas's contact details to the FBI and CIA. US Special Forces captured Abbas in 2003.
In 2011 Sands was approached by the Utah family of Wassef Ali Hassoun over a $1m book and movie deal about the Marine corporal charged with desertion who allegedly faked his own kidnapping in Iraq.
Michael has one son, Nicholas Sands

## Death

On March 24, 2012, Sands started choking on free food sample in a Los Angeles deli. He was pronounced dead on the scene for five minutes, then revived and taken to Cedars Sinai hospital. At the hospital, Sands was placed in a medically induced coma to prevent inflammation of the brain. He died thirteen days later on April 6, 2012, at the age of sixty-seven.
# Nosratabad, Galugah

Nosratabad (Persian: نصرت اباد, also Romanized as Noşratābād) is a village in Tuskacheshmeh Rural District, in the Central District of Galugah County, Mazandaran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 250, in 70 families.
# Vojsko, Vodice

Vojsko (pronounced or) is a settlement next to Skaručna in the Municipality of Vodice in the Upper Carniola region of Slovenia. It lies at the southwest end of the Skaručna Basin (Slovene: Skaruško polje).
# Mass (surname)

Mass is a surname with either following meaning and origin:
* North German and Dutch: from a short form of the personal name Thomas. Compare Maas, Mas.
* Jewish (Ashkenazic): metonymic occupational name from German Mass 'measure', 'measurement'.
People surnamed Mass include:
* Lawrence D. Mass (born 1946), American physician and writer who wrote the first press reports on the disease AIDS
* Wayne Mass (1946–2019), American football player
* Wendy Mass (born 1967), author of young adult and children's books
Fictional characters include:
* Miss Mass, in the Marvel Comics universe
* Sayla Mass, in the Universal Century Gundam universe
# Sunday (1969 film)

Hide infobox until needed {{Infobox film | name = | image = | image size = | alt = | caption = | director = | producer = | writer = | narrator = | starring = | music = | cinematography = | editing = | studio = | distributor = | released = | runtime = | country = | language = | budget = | gross = | preceded by = | followed by = }} &#x2D; Sunday (Serbo-Croatian:Nedjelja) is the debut feature film of Croatian film director Lordan Zafranović, premiering in 1969. Zafranović made a film while he was still a student. The plot follows a Sunday in life of a young man who wanders along streets of Split along with three friends, entering a range of bizarre situations, culminating in hijacking of a bus and standoff with police.
Sunday is based on Zafranović's eponymous short film from 1961. Zafranović wrote the screenplay with Živko Jeličić [hr] after an idea by Ranko Kursar. The cinematographer was Predrag "Pega" Popović, while the main role was assigned to Goran Marković, later a successful director, both Zafranović's friends from the Prague Film School. The main woman's role was given to Nada Abrus, a high-school student from Split. The film was recorded in 35 days during 1968. The director described the theme as a "clash between natures of a young revolting individual and the civilization as we know it". Sunday has a certain elements of youthful, modernist extravagance.

## Cast

* Goran Marković as Ivan
* Dragomir Čumić as Puso
* Martin Crvelin as Saša
* Gordan Pičuljan as Mladen
* Nada Abrus as Marija, Ivan's girlfriend
* Relja Bašić
* Antun Nalis
* Mia Oremović
* Olga Pivac
# Udnie

Udnie, also known as Udnie (Young American Girl, The Dance), is an oil on canvas painting by French artist Francis Picabia, executed in 1913. It is held at the Musée National d'Art Moderne, Centre Georges Pompidou, in Paris.

## History and description

This painting is believed to have been inspired by the performance of a Hindu style dance by Polish dancer Stasia Napierkowska, on board of the ship that brought Picabia to the United States, in 1913, where he was going to attend the Armory Show exhibition of modern art, in Chicago. The painting name is possibly an anagram of the name of musicologist Jean d'Udine, who had a theory of sensory correspondences.
The previous year, Picabia and his friend, the painter Marcel Duchamp, had been very impressed by an exhibition of Italian futurist painters in Paris, which included works by his exponents Umberto Boccioni and Gino Severini, where the dynamics of movement or dancing burst into self-contained colorful forms. This abstract painting is clearly influenced by the dynamism of futurism and the “mechanism” of Marcel Duchamp's works. The abstract forms, in his centrifugal movement, and the metallic colour reflections recall the world of machines.
Picabia stated while in New York, in 1913, that "art is a successful attempt to exteriorize the thought or the inner feeling by projecting on the canvas subjective, emotional, mental states". His painting Udnie is linked to the "musicalism" advocated by the Duchamp brothers, and to orphism, the artistic movement first named by the poet Guillaume Apollinaire in 1913.
# Sophia Razumovskaya

Sophia Stepanovna Razumovskaya (Russian: Софья Степановна Разумовская; née Ushakova (Ушакова); 11 September 1746 – 26 September 1803) was a Russian courtier. She served as maid of honour to empress Catherine the Great. She was married to Peter Kirillovich Razumovsky, and the mistress of Paul I of Russia prior to his marriage, with whom she had a son, Semyon Veliky (1772–1794).

## Life

Sophia Razumovskaya was born to Stephan Fedorovich Ushakov and Anna Semyonovna. She was appointed maid of honour to Catherine the Great. She married Mikhail Petrovich Czartoryski, but was early widowed.
She participated in the social life of the court and was known for her vivacious life style. Pending the plans to have Grand Duke Paul married, there were concerns as to whether he was sexually capable to have an heir, and Sophia was asked to investigate his sexual function by seducing him. She succeeded with her task and had a son with him, Semyon Veliky (1772-1794), whose upbringing was provided by the empress.
Paul married in 1773, and in 1776, Sophia remarried count Peter Kirillovich Razumovskiy, son of field marshal Kirill Grigorievich Razumovsky. As her father-in-law protested and expressed his dislike of the marriage, it was likely not arranged, and the marriage is described as happy.
# Saint Andrew (ship)

Saint Andrew (Russian: Андрей Первозванный) was the first purpose-built research vessel of the Russian Empire, and one of the world's first fisheries science vessels.
In the late 19th century, those Russian leaders concerned with the welfare of the Pomors (settlers of the Russian north, particularly on the White Sea coast) became convinced of the need to provide more scientific support for the area's fishing industry (a major activity for the Pomors). Accordingly, with the assent of Finance Minister Sergei Witte, Saint Andrew was commissioned. Formally, construction of the ship was funded by the "Aid Committee For The Settlers Of The Russian North", but actually the construction was paid for out of the imperial treasury.
Saint Andrew was built to specifications developed by fisheries science pioneer Nikolai Knipovich, in the German Bremer Vulkan shipyard. It was designed as a yacht, but with a stern rigged for trawling. Construction began in 1897 and the ship was launched in 1899. (Expeditions began before that, in 1898, using the small sailing vessel Pomor, which had been purchased in Norway.)
Until 1907, Saint Andrew was an expedition vessel for field expeditions of the Murman Scientific Fisheries Expedition, based in Aleksandrovsk-on-Murman (now Polyarny) near Murmansk. The expeditions were led by Nikolai Knipovich (and later Leonid L. Breytfus). Research carried out on this vessel was the beginning of commercial oceanography.
From the beginning of its voyages, Vasily N. Chichagov (a descendant of the noble Chichagov family and a seaman and student of hydrography from the Saint Petersburg Yacht Club) was a member of expeditions, serving as captain of Saint Andrew from 1903 to 1907. (After Saint Andrew was sold, Chichagov worked for the Directorate of Lighthouses and Navigation in the White Sea.)
In 1906 the Murman Scientific Fisheries Expedition lost its financial support (there had been some earlier government dissatisfaction with what was perceived as over-emphasis on pure science as opposed to immediately practical research) and soon shut down. In 1907 Saint Andrew was transferred to the Russian Navy. In 1910, the ship was renamed Murman.
# Agave americana var. franzosini

Agave america var. franzosini is an evergreen plant in the family Asparagaceae, subfamily Agavoideae. It is widely cultivated in many places, and has been known by several names, including Agave franzosini and Agave beaulueriana. The original reports say that the species is native to Mexico, but a more detailed location was not provided. The species has reportedly become naturalized in the Leeward Islands of the Caribbean, the Canary Islands and Spain. The leaves appear at the base of the plant, its flowers are funnel-shaped and yellow.
The varietal epithet was originally spelt franzosini, but has sometimes been changed to franzosinii. As of November 2024, the International Plant Names Index states that as no etymology was provided in the original, the epithet should remain as published.
# Margarita Rudomino

Margarita Ivanovna Rudomino (Russian: Маргарита Ивановна Рудомино; 3 July 1900 – 9 April 1990) was a Soviet librarian who founded what was later called the Margarita Rudomino All-Russia State Library for Foreign Literature. The library holds over four million books.

## Life

Rudomino was born in 1900 in Białystok, which is now in Poland, but was then part of the Russian empire. In 1921 she founded a library of foreign books in an old building in central Moscow. Rudomino grew the collection and studied in Denmark to understand western library techniques. The books in her library were catalogued according to the system used in the culture that created them.
Rudomino's library became very important during the Cold War in the period between 1945 and 1953. During this period the average Russian could be arrested for having a copy of a foreign newspaper, but the work of the library continued and the library did not close. The library had German texts taken after World War Two, but Rudomino's library kept a flow of foreign science papers to enable Russian science to progress.
She received an Order of the Badge of Honour in 1962 and an Order of the Red Banner of Labour in 1970.
The library has been in constant existence but it did not find its current home until 1967.
Rudomino retired in 1973 and died in 1990. The library was renamed in her honour in 1990.
# Jan Macháček

Jan Macháček (born 15 February 1972 in Prague) is a former Czech rugby player. He is one of arguably the two most famous Czech rugby players, along with Martin Jágr. He played for Newport RFC and Pontypridd RFC in Wales, Sale Sharks in England, Clermont Auvergne in France as well as the Barbarians.
He is currently CEO and owner of Infonia s.r.o., a webdesign company.

## Early life

He was born in Prague and started playing rugby on account of his father Dušan having played. The first team he played for was the Czech Slavia Prague.

## International career

He played his final match on 16 December 2009 in a 17–5 win against Hong Kong in Prague, aged 37 years.
# Ally Maclay

Ally Maclay (born 2 March 1984 in Glasgow, Scotland) is a Hong Kong international rugby union footballer. He plays at centre. He plays for Glasgow Hawks.

## Rugby Union career
### Amateur career

Maclay started out playing with the Glasgow Hawks at midi level. He then played with Stewart's Melville, while he was a PE student at Edinburgh. He returned to Hawks and won the Championship and Cup double in 2003-04 season. He also played for Sydney University and in Hong Kong with Valley rugby club. Maclay came back to play with the Glasgow Hawks from 2013.

### Professional career

Maclay was in the Glasgow Warriors back-up squad for the 2004-05 season. He played in the Warriors match against Newcastle Falcons on 20 September 2004 at Hughenden Stadium scoring a try in this match in a 26 - 21 victory for the Glasgow side.
Maclay was later to play against the Warriors when he played for Glasgow Hawks. In a friendly match on 20 March 2007, he scored a try against the Warriors in a 14-14 draw at Old Anniesland.

### International career

Maclay came through the age-grades for Scotland playing at U16, U18, U19 and U21 grades. He moved to Hong Kong where he became eligible and represented both the Hong Kong national side and the Hong Kong 7s national side.

## Assault

Maclay was the victim of an assault which ended up in the Scottish court and made various newspaper headlines. A Halloween night-out with the Glasgow Hawks and Glasgow Warriors players in October 2013 ended in a takeaway restaurant.
Being Halloween, the rugby stars were in fancy dress. Maclay, dressed as Tweedledee, interjected in a dispute between fellow Hawks player Gavin Quinn and Warriors and Scotland international Ryan Wilson.
Wilson was fined £750 for assaulting both Quinn and Maclay by the Glasgow Sheriff Court.
# Drew Hutchison

Drew Hutchison can refer to:
* Drew Hutchison (baseball) (born 1990), American MLB pitcher
* Drew Hutchison (rugby league) (born 1995), Australian rugby league player
# Hieronim Wincenty Radziwiłł

Prince Hieronim Wincenty Radziwiłł (Lithuanian: Jeronimas Vincentas Radvila) (11 May 1759 – 18 September 1786) was a Polish nobleman, prince, diplomat, politician and Knight of the Order of the White Eagle, awarded in 1780.
He was Count of Kleck, Great Cupbearer of Lithuania from 1779 and governor of Minsk.
He married Princess Sophie Friederike of Thurn and Taxis, daughter of Karl Anselm, 4th Prince of Thurn and Taxis and his wife Duchess Auguste of Württemberg, on 31 December 1775 in Regensburg.
He was decorated with the Order of Saint Hubert.
# Khadija Zahra Ahmadi

Khadija Zahra Ahmadi (Persian: خدیجه زهرا احمدی) is an Afghan politician who was mayor of the city of Nili, in Daykunidi province, in central Afghanistan, from 2018 to 2021, until the fall of Afghanistan to the Taliban. She grew up in Iran in a refugee family who fled Afghanistan after the Soviet invasion. She is the second Afghan female mayor belonging to the Hazara ethnic group after Azra Jafari. Zarifa Ghafari, a Pashtun native, is the third Afghan women to be a mayor in the post-Taliban era. During the time Ahmadi was a mayor, she received death threats from fundamentalist and Islamist groups like the Taliban. Like many other Afghans, she was forced to leave the country after the fall of Kabul in 2021 and later resettled in Spain. On April 25, 2022, she was awarded with the "Reconocimiento Mare Terra" prize for her fight and advocacy for Afghan women's rights.
# Avtek 400A

The Avtek 400A was an American prototype turboprop-powered business aircraft, which was developed in the early 1980s. Its configuration was unusual and distinctive : a low-wing monoplane with two pusher engines mounted above the wings, and a large canard mounted atop the forward fuselage. The aircraft's sleek, futuristic design earned it a guest appearance on the Airwolf TV series as the X-400, which was used by the villain, Lou Stappleford in the Eagles episode.
The Avtek's structure made extensive use of advanced composite materials throughout.
In 1998, Avtek declared bankruptcy without the prototype having completed the testing required for US FAA type certification. The company's assets were purchased by AvtekAir, who as of 2004 planned to revive the project under the designation AvtekAir 9000T.

## Specifications (Avtek 400A pre-production prototype)

Data from Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1988-89
General characteristics
* Crew: 1
* Capacity: 5-9 passengers
* Length: 39 ft 4 in (11.99 m)
* Wingspan: 35 ft 0 in (10.67 m)
* Height: 11 ft 5 in (3.47 m)
* Wing area: 144 sq ft (13.4 m$^2$) inc. foreplane
* Airfoil: Avtek 12
* Empty weight: 3,779 lb (1,714 kg)
* Max takeoff weight: 6,499 lb (2,948 kg)
* Powerplant: 1 × Pratt & Whitney Canada PT6A-3L turboprop, 680 hp (507 kW) LH rotation
* Powerplant: 1 × Pratt & Whitney Canada PT6A-3R turboprop, 680 hp (507 kW) RH rotation
* Propellers: 4-bladed Hartzell constant-speed fully feathering pusher propellers, 6 ft 4 in (1.93 m) diameter
Performance
* Maximum speed: 255 kn (293 mph, 472 km/h)
* Cruise speed: 297 kn (342 mph, 550 km/h) at 10,000 ft (3,000 m)
             364 kn (674 km/h; 419 mph) at 22,000 ft (6,700 m)
             338 kn (626 km/h; 389 mph) at 41,000 ft (12,000 m)
* Stall speed: 83 kn (96 mph, 154 km/h)
* Range: 1,038 nmi (1,194 mi, 1,922 km) with NBAA/IFR reserves
* Service ceiling: 42,490 ft (12,950 m)
* Rate of climb: 4,630 ft/min (23.52 m/s)
# Khallfa bin Duaij Al Khalifa

Sheikh Khalifa bin Duaij bin Khalifa bin Muhammad bin Isa Al Khalifa (Arabic: خليفة بن دعيج بن خليفة بن محمد بن عيسى آل خليفة) is a Bahraini politician. He has led the Court of the Crown Prince since 2005.
# House of Skaramangi

The House of Skaramangi (Russian: Дом Скараманги) was a historical structure on Petrovsky Street in the city of Taganrog in the Rostov Oblast.

## History and description

Luka Petrovich Skaramanga built a single-story house at 53 Petrovsky Street in the first half of the 19th century. In 1834, Skaramanga was a member of a local commission to improve the condition of the harbor and the related embankment.
From 1873 to 1880 the house was owned by the merchant Ivan Amvrosiyevich Skaramanga, who owned a brick manufacturing company.
In 1890 the house belonged to Ivan Skaramanga, who was married to Virginia Mikhaelovna. They had three daughters (Elizabeth, Maria and Virginia) and three sons (Ambrose, Mikhail and Panteleymon). The Skaramanga family's wealth grew, and they bought houses at 95 and 97 Grecheskaya Street, in Petrovsky Street, and at the Merchant exchange.
Other documents suggest 53 Petrovsky Street could be related to the Greek office Skaramanga, Manusi which was closed in 1893. This business imported tea, coffee, citrus fruits and exported wheat, cake, and vegetable oils.
In 1898 documents show the house was owned by Virginia, the widow of Ivan.
In 1923 the house became an orphanage, which was demolished in the 21st century.
# Tõutsi Airfield

Tõutsi Airfield (Estonian: Tõutsi lennuväli; ICAO: EETI) is an airfield in Tõutsi, Valga County, Estonia.
The airfield's owner is Joosti Puhkemaja.
# Walter Pukutiwara

Walter Pukutiwara (c.1930 – 10 November 2004) was an Aboriginal artist from central Australia.
He crafted traditional tools, such as spears and spear-throwers, and wooden sculptures, known in Western Desert languages as puṉu. He made these by carving the wood and then engraving patterns (walka) into its surface with a burning wire. This technique is called pokerwork. The patterns engraved into the objects depict Tjukurpa, spiritual stories about creation ancestors from the Dreamtime. The National Museum of Australia contains many examples of Walter's works.
Walter was born just south of Uluṟu, Northern Territory, some time around 1930. The place where he was born is associated with the Wayuṯa Tjukurpa, and so the wayuṯa (brushtail possum) is his personal totem. Walter grew up living a traditional way of life in the bush with his family. When he was a young man, he went to live at the mission in Ernabella, South Australia. He worked there with sheep, as a shepherd and shearer. He married Topsy Tjulyata, and the couple moved to Amaṯa. Walter, as the Pitjantjatjara representative on the Aboriginal Arts Board (AAB) from 1976 to 1978 (later the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Arts Board), lobbied the board for money to support art and crafts in Amaṯa. As a result, the craft centre at Amaṯa was established in February 1981.
Later in 1981, Walter and Topsy went to Uluṟu and set up a tent at the base of Uluṟu. From there they sold their puṉu works to tourists for over two weeks. They did this trip with other artists from Amaṯa, including Tony Tjamiwa and Pulya Taylor, and their friends Peter Yates and Patricia D'Arango. In 1983, this group travelled around to artist communities in the Aṉangu Pitjantjatjara Yankunytjatjara Lands. This was to discuss the idea of setting up a new craft centre at Uluṟu that would sell artworks from around the region to tourists. The couple moved to Muṯitjulu so that they could help set up Maṟuku Arts, in 1984. Water and Topsy were some of the first artists for the centre. Walter served on the organisation's Governing Committee for 20 years, including as chairman many times.
In the early 1990s, he helped to set up Aṉangu Tours, the main tour operator in Uluṟu-Kata Tjuṯa National Park, out of his wish to share knowledge and culture. His daughter, Rene Kulitja, and son-in-law, Richard Kulitja, took over the company when Walter retired, and it later won an international heritage and culture award.
Walter died on 10 November 2004, in Alice Springs.