OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Zurzach District

Zurzach District is a district in the Swiss Canton of Aargau. The district capital is Bad Zurzach. It covers the Studenland area and is located in the northeastern part of the canton. It has a population of 35,041 (as of 31 December 2020).

## Geography

The Zurzach district has an area, as of 2009, of 129.99 square kilometers (50.19 sq mi). Of this area, 57.08 km$^2$ (22.04 sq mi) or 43.9% is used for agricultural purposes, while 51.23 km$^2$ (19.78 sq mi) or 39.4% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 16.62 km$^2$ (6.42 sq mi) or 12.8% is settled (buildings or roads). The district is situated around the confluence of the Aare and Rhine.

## Demographics

The Zurzach district has a population (as of December 2020) of 35,041. As of June 2009, 25.7% of the population are foreign nationals.

## Economy

In 2000 there were 15,454 workers who lived in the district. Of these, 11,295 or about 73.1% of the residents worked outside the district while 6,024 people commuted into the district for work. There was a total of 10,183 jobs (of at least 6 hours per week) in the district.

## Religion

From the 2000 census, 16,378 or 54.3% were Roman Catholic, while 7,440 or 24.7% belonged to the Swiss Reformed Church. Of the rest of the population, there were 65 individuals (or about 0.22% of the population) who belonged to the Christian Catholic faith.

## Education

Of the school age population (in the 2008/2009 school year), there are 2,405 students attending primary school, there are 972 students attending secondary school, there are 756 students attending tertiary or university level schooling in the municipality.

## Municipalities

| Coat of arms | Municipality | Population (31 December 2020) | Area, km$^2$ |
| | Böttstein | 3,982 | 7.41 |
| | Döttingen | 4,244 | 6.92 |
| | Endingen | 2,597 | 11.91 |
| | Fisibach | 543 | 5.79 |
| | Full-Reuenthal | 883 | 4.82 |
| | Klingnau | 3,540 | 6.71 |
| | Koblenz | 1,671 | 4.08 |
| | Leibstadt | 1,404 | 6.39 |
| | Lengnau | 2,770 | 12.67 |
| | Leuggern | 2,180 | 13.76 |
| | Mellikon | 228 | 2.71 |
| | Schneisingen | 1,491 | 8.25 |
| | Siglistorf | 669 | 5.51 |
| | Tegerfelden | 1,202 | 7.11 |
| | Zurzach | | 25.99 |
| Total | | 35,041 | 129.99 |

### Mergers

The following changes to the district's municipalities have occurred since 2000:
* 1 January 2014: Unterendingen merged into Endingen.
* 1 January 2022: Bad Zurzach, Baldingen, Böbikon, Kaiserstuhl, Rekingen, Rietheim, Rümikon and Wislikofen merged into the new municipality of Zurzach.
# David Ignatoff

David Ignatoff (Yiddish: דוד איגנאַטאָוו; 15 October 1885 – 26 February 1954), born David Ignatovski (Yiddish: דוד איגנאַטאָווסקי), was a Russian-born American Yiddish author and playwright. A member of the Di Yunge literary movement, Ignatoff wrote short stories, novels, plays, and children's stories.

## Biography

David Ignatoff was born to a poor Hasidic family in Brusilov, where he received a traditional religious education. He went to Kiev in 1903, where he became active in the Iskra faction of the Russian Social Democratic Workers Party and was arrested for revolutionary activities. He emigrated to New York City in 1906, finding work as a factory worker and union leader.
Ignatoff published his first story, "Ervachung," in Der yugend in 1907, and his novel Tsvey kreftn was published in 1908. He helped found the literary group Di Yunge and, together with I. J. Schwartz, edited and published the literary annual Literatur in 1910. Ignatoff founded the avant-garde literary quarterly Shriftn in 1912, which he edited until 1926. He also edited the annual Velt-ayn, Velt-oys (1916).
Ignatoff's "Der giber" ('The Hero'), a biblical story based on the legend of Yiftaḥ, was published in the first Shriftn. In 1918 he released Dos Farborgene Likht ('The Hidden Light', 1918), a collection of tales based on the stories of Rabbi Nachman of Breslov. His major works include In keslgrub ('In the Crucible', 1918); Vundermayses fun Altn Prag ('Wondertales of Old Prague', 1920); the trilogy Af vayte vegn ('On Distant Roads', 1932); Dos vos kumt for (1932); and Far a nayer velt (1939). He later composed the biblical plays Yiftokh ('Jephthah', 1939) and Gideon (1953).
In the last forty years of his life Ignatoff was a member of the staff of the Hebrew Immigrant Aid Society. He died in New York on 26 June 1954. Arrangements for the funeral were made by the World Congress for Jewish Culture, Jewish PEN Club, Jewish Writers Union and other cultural organizations.
# Joseph Friedenson

Joseph Friedenson (Yiddish: יוסף פֿרידענזאָן, 1922–2013) was a Holocaust survivor, Holocaust historian, Yiddish writer, lecturer, and editor of Dos Yiddishe Vort [yi].

## Biography

Friedenson was born in Łódź, Poland in April, 1922, to Rabbi Eliezer Gershon, an activist for Agudath Israel of Poland and the editor of the Beth Jacob Journal, curricula used throughout the Bais Yaakov movement in pre-World War II Europe.
Friedenson studied in Yeshiva Chachmei Lublin.
When World War II broke out, Friedenson's family fled to Warsaw, eventually becoming prisoners of the Warsaw Ghetto where Joseph married Gittel Leah Zilberman of Szydłowiec. They were smuggled out of the ghetto and subsequently ended up spending several years in the slave labor camp of Starchowicz, before it was liquidated.
The family arrived at Auschwitz in July 1944. Joseph endured death marches, confinement in Ohrdruf and several other concentration camps, and was finally liberated from Buchenwald in April, 1945, by the United States Army.
Mrs. Friedenson remained in Auschwitz and was liberated by the Russian Army in early 1945. The couple was reunited several months later, spent several years in post-war Germany working to help other survivors rebuild their lives, and immigrated to the United States in 1951 where Joseph joined Agudath Israel of America.
He authored several books on the Holocaust, published by ArtScroll.
He died on February 23, 2013 at his home in Manhattan at the age of 90.
His son-in-law, Rabbi Yosef Chaim Golding, authored his biography titled Faith amid the Flames, published by ArtScroll publication.
# Di Rienzo

di Rienzo, de Rienzo or Rienzo is a surname of Italian origin. Notable people with this name include:
* Andre Rienzo (born 1988), Brazilian baseball pitcher for the Chicago White Sox
* Cola di Rienzo (c. 1313–1354), Italian politician and popular leader
* Franca di Rienzo, Swiss/Italian singer
* Libero De Rienzo (1977–2021), Italian film actor, director and screenwriter
# Perfect (Sara Evans song)

"Perfect" is a song by American country music artist Sara Evans. The track was written by Evans, Tom Shapiro, and Tony Martin, with production provided by Evans and Paul Worley. It was released on September 1, 2003, via RCA Nashville Records as the second single from her fourth studio album Restless (2003). It peaked at number two on the US Hot Country Songs chart, becoming her fifth top-ten single.

## Content

"Perfect" is performed in the key of E major, with Evans's vocals ranging from G#3–B4. Lyrically, the track speaks on how love doesn't need to be perfect in order to be great.

## Music video

The music video for the song, directed by Bobby G., features Evans singing the song with an old-fashioned microphone in a T-shirt and jeans, as well driving a red car through the desert. It was shot at El Mirage Dry Lake Bed in California's Mojave Desert. It was released to CMT on September 7, 2003. It reached the top spot of the network's Top Twenty Countdown for the week of January 6, 2004, and was placed in heavy rotation.

## Chart performance

"Perfect" debuted at number 55 on the US Billboard Hot Country Songs chart the week of September 20, 2003, becoming the highest debut of the week. By the end of 2003, the track had reached number 24. It would enter the top-ten of the chart the week of February 21, 2004, at number ten. That week also featured Terri Clark's "I Wanna Do It All" (no. 4) and Martina McBride's "In My Daughter's Eyes" (no. 7), making it the first time since November 3, 2001 that three solo female artists were simultaneously in the top ten; that week featured singles by McBride, Carolyn Dawn Johnson, and Reba McEntire in the top-ten. "Perfect" would reach a peak position of number two on the chart on April 3, 2004 behind Kenny Chesney's "When the Sun Goes Down", making it the highest charting single by a solo female artist since Terri Clark's "I Just Wanna Be Mad" also stopped at the runner up spot on February 22, 2003. It spent 33 weeks in total on the chart, Evans's fourth longest run. In February 2004, the song would receive a Spin Award from Broadcast Data Systems for 50,000 confirmed plays. It would receive another Spin Award in May 2004, this time for 100,000 confirmed plays.

## Charts
### Weekly charts

| Chart (2003–2004) | Peak position |
| Canada Country Top 30 (Radio & Records) | 16 |
| US Hot Country Songs (Billboard) | 2 |
| US Billboard Hot 100 | 46 |
| US Country Top 50 (Radio & Records) | 5 |

### Year-end charts

| Chart (2004) | Position |
| US Country Songs (Billboard) | 17 |
| US Country (Radio & Records) | 17 |
# The Philosophy of Living Experience

The Philosophy of Living Experience (Russian: Философия живого опыта) is a book by Alexander Bogdanov, which he wrote in 1911 and published in 1913.$^{:176}$$^{:16}$ Further editions were published in 1920 and 1923 without revision.$^{:16}$ However the 1923 addition contains an appendix "From Religious to Scientific Monism" delivered at the Institute of Scientific Philosophy in February 1923.$^{:249}$ This is the book in which Bogdanov most extensively discusses the relationship of his thought to both Karl Marx and Ernst Mach.$^{:18}$ The book was probably based on a course he developed firstly at the Capri Party School (1909) and subsequently at the Bologna Party School (1911).$^{:263}$ Indeed Bogdanov cites the unpublished work of Nikifor Vilonov, a worker-philosopher who attended the Capri school. An English translation was published in 2015.

## Publishing history

Two manuscripts of the text dating from 1911 is in the Russian Center for the Preservation and Study of Documents of Contemporary History (Rossiiskii tsentr khraneniiai izucheniia dokumentov noveishei istorii): the first consist of chapters I and II (205 pages) and the second covers Chapters III -IV (RTsKhIDNI f 259, op. 1, d17 and d18).
* The first edition (1913) was published in St Petersburg by Izdanie M. I. Semenova.
* The second edition (1920) was published in Moscow by Gosizdat.
* The third edition (1923) was published in both Moscow and St Peterburg by Kniga.
* An English translation by David G. Rowley was published by Historical Materialism in conjunction with Brill as Volume 8 of their "Alexander Bogdanov Library".

## Content
### Introduction

(a) What is philosophy? Who needs it and why? Bogdanov starts this discussion by looking at the unpublished work of two worker-philosophers active at the time: Fedor Kalinin and Nikifor Vilonov.
(b) What came before philosophy?
(c) How did philosophy and science become distinguished from religion?

### Chapter VI. Empiriomonism

(a) Labour causality (b) Elements of experience (c) Objectivity (d) Sociomorphism (e) Substitution (f) The picture of the world
# Joseph Chartrand

Joseph Chartrand (May 11, 1870 – December 8, 1933) was an American prelate of the Catholic Church. He was the 6th Bishop of Indianapolis, serving from 1918 until his death in 1933.

## Biography

Joseph Chartrand was born in St. Louis, Missouri, to Joseph and Margaret (née Sullivan) Chartrand. His father, who was also born in Missouri, was of French descent; his mother was a native of County Kerry in Ireland.
He studied at Saint Meinrad Seminary and was ordained to the priesthood on September 24, 1892, for the Diocese of Vincennes, which later became the Archdiocese of Indianapolis. He was made vicar general of Indianapolis on February 13, 1910.
On July 27, 1910, Chartrand was appointed Coadjutor Bishop of Indianapolis and Titular Bishop of Flavias by Pope Pius X. He received his episcopal consecration on the following September 15 from Archbishop Diomede Falconio, with Bishops Denis O'Donaghue and Herman Alerding serving as co-consecrators. Chartrand succeeded the late Francis Silas Chatard as the sixth Bishop of Indianapolis on September 7, 1918.
In May 1925, Chartrand was named Archbishop of Cincinnati and John McNicholas, Bishop of Duluth, Minnesota was named Bishop of Indianapolis. For reasons that are unknown, Chartrand was able to convince Rome that he should not take that post, so in July 1925, the two men switched and McNicholas was named Archbishop of Cincinnati and Chartrand was reappointed to Indianapolis.
Chartrand was once described as an "able" bishop, and as "probably closer in contact with his flock than any other" bishop. He was also named an Assistant at the Pontifical Throne on February 4, 1928.
Bishop Chartrand died in Indianapolis, at the age of 63. He was initially buried in the crypt of Saints Peter and Paul Cathedral, but his remains were later transferred to the Calvary Chapel Mausoleum on June 8, 1976.
# 1942–1948 Pacific hurricane seasons

"none" is a legitimate description when the title is already adequate; see [[WP:SDNONE]] The 1942–48 Pacific hurricane seasons all began during late spring in the northeast Pacific Ocean and the central Pacific. They ended in late fall.
Before the satellite age started in the 1960s, data on east Pacific hurricanes is extremely unreliable. In a few years, there are no reported cyclones although many systems certainly formed.

## 1942 season

There are no known tropical cyclones.

## 1943 season

A disturbance developed between the Revillagigedo Islands and the Marias Islands on October 8. It moved rapidly northeastward where it rapidly intensified, reaching pressures as low as 95.86 kPa (28.31 inHg). On October 9, as a major hurricane it struck the west coast of Mexico, a short distance south of Mazatlán. The next day, the hurricane dissipated inland.
This hurricane caused damage in and around Mazatlán. It sank several vessels. The total cost of damage was $4,500,000 (1943 US dollars), and at least 106 people were killed.

## 1944 season

There are no known tropical cyclones.

## 1945 season

A hurricane dissipated off the northern coast of the Baja California Peninsula. Its remnants moved northeast, and they brought rain to California on September 9 and 10.
A tropical depression, a continuation of Atlantic Hurricane 10, entered the Pacific Ocean on October 5. A circulation center associated with this cyclone moved along the Mexican coast, and remained recognizable until it was west of Acapulco. It caused heavy rain along its path.

## 1946 season

A hurricane made landfall on the northern Baja California Peninsula. It dissipated over northern Baja California. Its remnants headed north, where they brought rain to the mountains of southern and central California on September 30 and October 1.

## 1947 season

There are no known tropical cyclones.

## 1948 season

In mid-October, a hurricane moved into the Gulf of California; a ship was reported missing for 2 days.
# Harry Knight (racing driver)

Harry C. Knight (August 6, 1889 – July 4, 1913) was an American racing driver. He competed in the first two Indianapolis 500 races as well as two "pre-500 era" races at the Indianapolis Motor Speedway in 1910, finishing second in a 100-mile race.
In the inaugural Indianapolis 500, Knight swerved out of the way to save another driver who had left the pits with a broken steering knuckle, wrecking his car. Knight was regarded by some newspapers as the "Hero of Indianapolis," and it was said that had he not wrecked, he could have won the race. He had not led the race when the accident occurred. Knight suffered a severe brain concussion and bruises. According to eyewitnesses, the first words he cried were, “I didn’t hit him, I didn’t hit him!”
Knight and his riding mechanic Milton Michaelis were killed while racing in a 200-mile Championship Car race at the Columbus Driving Park, a 1-mile dirt oval, in July 1913.

## Motorsports career results
### Indianapolis 500 results

| Year | Car | Start | Qual | Rank | Finish | Laps | Led | Retired |
| 1911 | 7 | 7 | — | — | 30 | 90 | 0 | Crash FS |
| 1912 | 10 | 9 | 75.92 | 24 | 23 | 6 | 0 | Engine trouble |
| Totals | Totals | Totals | Totals | Totals | Totals | 96 | 0 | |
| Starts | 2 |
| Poles | 0 |
| Front Row | 0 |
| Wins | 0 |
| Top 5 | 0 |
| Top 10 | 0 |
| Retired | 2 |
# Sheldon Kinser

Sheldon Kinser (December 9, 1942 – August 1, 1988), was an American race car driver.
Kinser, a Bloomington, Indiana native, died of cancer. He was a three-time USAC Sprint Car Series Champion (1977, 1981, 1982). He also drove in the USAC and CART Championship Car series. He competed during the 1975–1981 seasons, with 38 combined career starts, including the Indianapolis 500 each year except 1980, when he failed to qualify. He had 11 top-10 finishes, with a best of third at Texas World Speedway in 1979.
Sheldon was the second cousin, 1x removed of Steve Kinser, the 20-time World of Outlaws sprint-car champion, and second cousin, 2x removed of Mark Kinser.

## Award

* He was inducted into the National Sprint Car Hall of Fame in 1992.

### Indianapolis 500 results

| Year | Chassis | Engine | Start | Finish |
| 1975 | King | Offenhauser | 26th | 12th |
| 1976 | King | Offenhauser | 29th | 19th |
| 1977 | King | Offenhauser | 12th | 32nd |
| 1978 | Watson | Offenhauser | 12th | 32nd |
| 1979 | Watson | Offenhauser | 10th | 28th |
| 1980 | Watson | Cosworth | Failed to Qualify | |
| 1981 | Longhorn | Cosworth | 23rd | 6th |
| 1982 | SEA | Cosworth | Failed to Qualify | |
| 1983 | March | Chevrolet | Failed to Qualify | |
# Gol Cheshmeh

Gol Cheshmeh or Gol Chashmeh or Golcheshmeh (Persian: گل چشمه) may refer to:
* Gol Cheshmeh, Ardabil
* Gol Cheshmeh, Golestan
* Gol Cheshmeh, Azadshahr, Golestan Province
* Gol Cheshmeh Culture and Technology Centre
* Golcheshmeh-ye Bala, Markazi Province
* Gol Cheshmeh, Qazvin
# Jinji Road station (Shanghai Metro)

Jinji Road (Chinese: 金吉路; pinyin: Jīnjí Lù) is a station on Line 9 of the Shanghai Metro. The station is located at Jinhai Road and Jinji Road, between Jinqiao and Jinhai Road. It began passenger trial operation with the rest of phase 3 of Line 9, an easterly extension with 9 new stations, on December 30, 2017.
In the future, it is also expected to be the western terminus of Line 22, which is currently under construction and would run to Chongming District.
# William Henry Augustus Bissell

William Henry Augustus Bissell (November 10, 1814 - May 14, 1893) was the second bishop of Vermont in the Episcopal Church in the United States of America.

## Education

Bissell was born on November 10, 1814, in Randolph, Vermont, the son of Ezekiel Bissell and Elizabeth Washburn. He graduated from the University of Vermont in 1836 and commenced his teaching career in Detroit. He also studied theology at Vermont Episcopal Institute.

## Ordination

Bissell was ordained deacon on September 29, 1839, by Bishop Benjamin T. Onderdonk of New York. He was ordained a priest a year later on August 2 by the same bishop. Bissell served as assistant of Christ Church in Troy, New York. In 1941 he was appointed rector of Trinity Church in Watervliet, New York, a post he held until 1845 when he became rector of Grace Church in Lyons, New York. In 1848 he was appointed rector of Trinity Church in Geneva, New York.

## Episcopacy

Bissell was elected Bishop of Vermont in 1868 and consecrated bishop on June 3, 1868, by Samuel A. McCoskry Bishop of Michigan and co-consecrated by John Williams of Connecticut, Horatio Potter of New York, Arthur Cleveland Coxe of Western New York and Henry A. Neely of Maine. Bissell died on May 14, 1893, in Burlington, Vermont.

## Personal life

Bissell married Martha Cotton Moulton on August 25, 1838, and had four children.
# Byron D. Shear

Byron Delos Shear (May 12, 1869 – June 9, 1929) was an American politician who served as mayor of Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, in the 1910s.

## Biography

Shear was born on May 12, 1869, in Hillsboro, Wisconsin, conflicting reports have been given on the exact date. His father, Thomas J. Shear, was a member of the Wisconsin State Assembly. In 1892, Shear married Hulda Ludwig. She died in 1901. He married Ida Malinda Cunningham. Shear's brother-in-law, Oscar A. Mitscher, was also mayor of Oklahoma City, and his nephew, Marc Mitscher, was an admiral in the United States Navy. He died on June 9, 1929.

## Career

Shear was mayor from December 25, 1918, until April 7, 1919. Additionally, he was a delegate to the 1924 Republican National Convention. He succeeded Ed Overholser and preceded Jack C. Walton as mayor.
# Samuel Van Leer

Captain Samuel Van Leer (January 7, 1747 – October 15, 1825) was a military officer from Pennsylvania who served as a captain in the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War and as a lieutenant in the Chester County Light Horse Volunteers from 1781 to 1785. After his retirement from the military, he owned the Reading Furnace ironworks.
He was a member of the influential Van Leer family. His father Bernardhus Van Leer was an early settler of the Province of Pennsylvania. He married the sister of American Revolutionary War General Anthony Wayne. His son Isaac Van Leer was a U.S. Congressman.

## Early life

Van Leer was born in 1747 in Marple Township, Province of Pennsylvania, British America to Mary (Branson) and Bernardhus Van Leer. His maternal grandfather is William Branson who was an ironworks pioneer and owned the historical home Warrenpoint.
In 1770, Samuel married Hannah Wayne, daughter to Isaac Wayne and sister to Anthony Wayne.

## American Revolutionary War

Van Leer was commissioned captain of the Seventh Company, Fifth Battalion of the Chester County Militia on May 17, 1777. He fought with Anthony Wayne during the Battle of Paoli, the Battle of Brandywine and the Battle of Germantown. All of his brothers were military officers during the war.
He was a commanding officer in the 4th Battalion 1780 under Lt. Col. John Bartholomew. He served as lieutenant of the Chester County Light Horse Volunteers from 1780 to 1781.

## Later life and death

After his retirement from the military, Captain Samuel went on to grow his Iron business in Reading Furnace, formerly owned by his grandfather William Branson. He lived in the historical mansion on site with his wife Hannah.
He inherited two plantations in East Nantmeal, Pennsylvania from his brother, Dr. Branson Van Leer, and died there in October, 1825.

## Family

Van Leer and his family owned several historic properties including the Van Leer Cabin in Tredyffin Township, Pennsylvania, the Mortonson–Van Leer Log Cabin, an Underground Railroad station in Swedesboro, New Jersey, and the Van Leer Pleasant Hill Plantation in West Nantmeal, Pennsylvania. Van Leer's also supported the free black community known as the Village of Lima.
Samuel had eight children with his wife Hannah. On 10 July 1786, Hannah gave birth to twin girls and died due to birth complications. After her death, Anthony Wayne offered to have Van Leer's children stay with his family. Van Leer declined the offer and kept his children at his home and never remarried.