OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dan Slobin

Dan Isaac Slobin (born May 7, 1939) is a professor emeritus of psychology and linguistics at the University of California, Berkeley. Slobin has made major contributions to the study of children's language acquisition, and his work has demonstrated the importance of cross-linguistic comparison for the study of language acquisition and psycholinguistics in general.
Slobin received a B.A. in psychology from the University of Michigan in 1960 and a Ph.D. in social psychology from Harvard University in 1964. In addition to working at the University of California, Berkeley, Slobin has served as a visiting professor at several universities around the world, including Boğaziçi University, Tel-Aviv University, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Stanford University.

## Research work

Slobin has extensively studied the organization of information about spatial relations and motion events by speakers of different languages, including both children and adults. He has argued that becoming a competent speaker of a language requires learning certain language-specific modes of thinking, which he dubbed "thinking for speaking". Slobin's "thinking for speaking" view can be described as a contemporary, moderate version of the Sapir–Whorf hypothesis, which claims that the language we learn shapes the way we perceive reality and think about it. This view is often contrasted with the "language acquisition device" view of Noam Chomsky and others, who think of language acquisition as a process largely independent of learning and cognitive development.
Slobin is also known for his pioneering research on child language development, in which he has taken a crosslinguistic approach. One seminal study, conducted with Thomas Bever, compared the acquisition of word order in children acquiring English, Italian, Serbo-Croatian, and Turkish. Results revealed that children's pattern of comprehension depends on the canonical patterns of the target language.

## Other work

Slobin also designed a project, along with Ruth Berman in the beginning of 1980. He created "The frog-story project", a research tool which was a children's storybook that tells a story in 24 pictures with no words (Frog Where Are You? by Mercer Mayer). This makes it possible to elicit narratives that are comparable in content but differing in form, across age and languages. There is now data from dozens of languages and most of the world's major language types. The Berman & Slobin study compared English, German, Spanish, Hebrew and Turkish on a range of dimensions.
His project was also mentioned in Raphael Berthele, a professor in the University of Fribourg, Switzerland on her work in the Crosslinguistic approaches to the psychology approach by Elena Lieven, Jiansheng Guo.
# Peltula polycarpa

Peltula polycarpa is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), squamulose lichen in the family Peltulaceae. First described in 2022, it is endemic to Beijing's Mentougou District in China.

## Taxonomy

The species Peltula polycarpa was formally identified and named in 2022 by Qiuxia Yang and Xinli Wei. The species epithet polycarpa is derived from the Greek words for 'many' and 'fruit', referring to the abundance of apothecia, which are a type of fruiting body found on the lichen. The holotype was collected in the Baihuashan National Nature Reserve in Beijing's Mentougou District, at an elevation of 1,120 m (3,670 ft).

## Description

The thallus of Peltula polycarpa is squamulose (scaly) with individual scales up to 5 mm in diameter or stretches to 6.8 mm long and 4.7 mm wide. Initially, it appears as single, pale yellow, tongue-shaped scales attached laterally to the substrate, often maturing into multiple lobes from either the same or different attachment points. Mature lobes are convex and deeply curved with their margins typically obscured unless viewed from underneath, showing either smooth or slightly lobed edges.
The upper surface is bright olive-green with an olive-brown base and is not covered in a powdery coating (epruinose), while the lower surface is smooth, ranging from bright yellow to yellowish-brown. The thallus structure comprises a thin yellowish layer just under the surface (epinecral layer), a layer of clustered algae cells, a loosely woven middle layer (medulla) of fungal hyphae, and a densely packed lower layer (cortex) of large cells.
Reproductive features include numerous apothecia that cover the upper surface, starting as small dots and enlarging to up to 0.48 mm with a pale yellow or body-coloured rim. The internal tissue of the apothecia (hymenium) is wine red when treated with iodine, and the spore-producing sacs (asci) are club-shaped, containing over 100 spores each.

## Habitat and distribution

Peltula polycarpa grows on granite surfaces that are periodically moistened by water, such as those found alongside mountain roads. It shares its habitat with various weeds, mosses, and other lichens and is currently known only within its discovery area in China.
# Mohammad Reza Pour Ebrahimi

Mohammad Reza Pour Ebrahimi (Persian: محمدرضا پورابراهیمی; born 8 August 1970) is an Iranian Twelver Shia principlist, former representative of Kerman and Ravar in the Islamic Consultative Assembly (Majles) from 2012 to 2024. He was a member of the Majles in three successive periods, namely at the 9th legislature of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 10th and 11th periods of the parliament. he was active as the head of economic-commission of the parliament, too.

## Life and education

Pour-Ebrahimi born in Rafsanjan and finished his elementary education in the city. He studied at the subject of business-management at the University of Isfahan in 1990; Later on, he kept on his studies at Shahid Beheshti University in 1995 for a MA degree in business-management (financial orientation). After finishing the mentioned course, Pour-Ebrahimi taught at the universities of Isfahan and Kerman as a teacher in specialized courses in the subject of management/accounting/economics. Afterwards he entered the University of Tehran in the doctoral-program in financial management and received his doctorate degree from this university. Mohammad Reza is currently a member as academic-personnel at Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran (at the Faculty of Management).
# Galesh Kola, Savadkuh

Galesh Kola (Persian: گالش كلا, also Romanized as Gālesh Kolā) is a village in Lafur Rural District, North Savadkuh County, Mazandaran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 346, in 124 families.
# Ophir, Utah

Ophir is a census-designated place in Tooele County, Utah, United States. It is part of the Salt Lake City, Utah Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 23 at the 2000 census, a decrease of two from the 1990 figure of 25.

## History

Ophir was named for the nearby canyon and mining district, where gold, silver-lead deposits were found in the 1860s. The mining district was named for the biblical Ophir, from where King Solomon brought back gold to Israel. In 1911, zinc was recovered and various mining operations continued until 1959.
Prior to 2016, Ophir was one of the smallest incorporated municipalities in Utah. However, after a town government could not be formed from the remaining citizens in 2016, the town was disincorporated.

## Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 0.2 square mile (0.4 km$^2$), all land.

## Demographics

At the 2000 census there were 23 people, 10 households, and 6 families in the town. The population density was 143.0 people per square mile (55.5/km$^2$). There were 33 housing units at an average density of 205.1 per square mile (79.6/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the town was 95.65% White and 4.35% Asian. Of the 10 households 20.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 60.0% were married couples living together, and 40.0% were non-families. 40.0% of households were one person and 20.0% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 2.30 and the average family size was 3.17.
The age distribution was 8.7% under the age of 18, 8.7% from 18 to 24, 8.7% from 25 to 44, 43.5% from 45 to 64, and 30.4% 65 or older. The median age was 54 years. For every 100 females, there were 109.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 110.0 males.
The median household income was $50,000 and the median family income was $49,167. Males had a median income of $46,875 versus $13,750 for females. The per capita income for the town was $29,906. None of the population or families were below the poverty line.
# Douglas Riva

Douglas Riva is an American classical pianist.

## Biography and career

Douglas Riva began studying piano and flute at age nine. At age sixteen, he began his professional career as a flautist, being principal flautist of the El Paso Symphony. Later turning exclusively to the piano, Riva studied at the Juilliard School and New York University, studying with Adele Marcus and Eugene List. Receiving a grant from the Beebe Fund, Riva went to Barcelona in 1980, where he studied at the Academia Marshall with Mercedes Roldós Freixes. The Academia Marshall was founded by Enrique Granados.
Riva has performed in such prestigious venues as the White House and Carnegie Hall, as well as for radio and television programs around the world. A specialist in the music of Granados, Riva is the Assistant Director of the 18-volume critical edition of the Complete Works for Piano of Enrique Granados, directed by Alicia de Larrocha and published by Editorial Boileau, Barcelona, 2001, which is the first complete catalog of the composer's works for piano.
As a recording artist, Riva focuses on Spanish music, and has begun a series of the complete piano works of Granados for the Naxos label.
# Tartak Brzózki

Tartak Brzózki is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Radziejowice, within Żyrardów County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.
# Gerald Hamer

Gerald Hamer (16 November 1886 – 6 July 1972) was a British actor, born at Llandudno, Wales as Geoffrey Earl Watton to John Watton and Evelyn Clara (née Earl).
Hamer worked in the United States, where he played primarily British characters in Hollywood films. He made a number of appearances in the Basil Rathbone series of Sherlock Holmes films in a variety of different roles.

## Selected filmography

* Three Witnesses (1935) - (uncredited)
* Swing Time (1936) - Eric Lacanistram (uncredited)
* Angel (1937) - Barker's Footman (uncredited)
* Blond Cheat (1938) - Waiter
* Sweethearts (1938) - Harry (uncredited)
* The Saint Strikes Back (1939) - Val's Butler (uncredited)
* Bulldog Drummond's Bride (1939) - Garvey
* The Light That Failed (1939) - Soldier (uncredited)
* This Above All (1942) - Porter (uncredited)
* Sherlock Holmes in Washington (1943) - Alfred Pettibone a.k.a. John Grayson (uncredited)
* Sherlock Holmes Faces Death (1943) - Langford
* The Lodger (1944) - Milkman (uncredited)
* The White Cliffs of Dover (1944) - Private (uncredited)
* The Scarlet Claw (1944) - Potts, Tanner, Ramson
* Enter Arsene Lupin (1944) - Doc Marling
* Hi, Beautiful (1944) - One of Bearded Twins (uncredited)
* The Suspect (1944) - Griswold (uncredited)
* Pursuit to Algiers (1945) - Kingston
* Confidential Agent (1945) - Waiter (uncredited)
* Terror by Night (1946) - Alfred Shallcross (uncredited)
* Ivy (1947) - Man from Paris Office (uncredited)
* Lured (1947) - Harry Milton (uncredited)
* The Sign of the Ram (1948) - Vicar Woolton (uncredited)
* The Secret of St. Ives (1949) - Hudson - the Footman (uncredited)
* Challenge to Lassie (1949) - Diner (uncredited)
* Lorna Doone (1951) - Doctor (uncredited)
* Gaby (1956) - Newsboy (uncredited)
* Alfred Hitchcock Presents (1956) (Season 1 Episode 23: "Back from Christmas") - Mr. Hewitt
* Alfred Hitchcock Presents (1957) (Season 2 Episode 32: "The Hands of Mr. Ottermole") - Jimmy the Blindman
* Susan Slade (1961) - White's Butler (uncredited)
# Industrial Park, Semnan

Industrial Park, Semnan (Persian: شهرك صنعتي – Shahrak-e Şanʿatī) is a village in Howmeh Rural District, in the Central District of Semnan County, Semnan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 728, in 220 families.
# Myshkino, Vologodsky District, Vologda Oblast

Myshkino (Russian: Мышкино) is a rural locality (a village) in Mayskoye Rural Settlement, Vologodsky District, Vologda Oblast, Russia. The population was 7 as of 2002.

## Geography

Myshkino is located 24 km northwest of Vologda (the district's administrative centre) by road. Megleyevo is the nearest rural locality.
# Heavy cake

Heavy cake or Tesen Hevva cake (Cornish: Hevva) is a cake, made from flour, lard, butter, milk, sugar and raisins, that originated in Cornwall.

## History

Its name is derived from the pilchard (silver sardines) industry in Cornwall prior to the 20th century when a 'huer' (cliff top lookout) helped locate shoals of fish. In the 17th and 18th centuries, the huer would shout 'Hevva!, Hevva!' to alert the boats to the location of the pilchard shoals. Cornish tradition states that Hevva cake was baked by the huers on their return to their homes, the cake being ready by the time the crews returned to land. Heva became hevva and later morphed into the anglicized version heavy. The texture of the cake itself is neither heavy nor spongy.

## Flavour and Appearance

With no raising agent or egg, they are simply made from flour, lard (or more recently butter), currants, milk, salt, ginger, and cinnamon. They may also have fruit incorporated into them. The cakes have a unique texture, which some describe as a cross between a cake and a shortbread, and a distinct appearance. The bake falls somewhere between a sweet scone and a light egg-free fruit cake. The cake’s flavour is not dissimilar to the more familiar Welsh cakes (which, unlike hevva cakes, contain egg).
The cakes are about 1/2" thick, with a criss-cross pattern scored across the top, representing the fishing nets.
# Mityukovo

Mityukovo (Russian: Митюково) is a rural locality (a village) in Novlenskoye Rural Settlement, Vologodsky District, Vologda Oblast, Russia. The population was 3 as of 2002.

## Geography

Mityukovo is located 85 km northwest of Vologda (the district's administrative centre) by road. Linkovo is the nearest rural locality.
# Mitenskoye

Mitenskoye (Russian: Митенское) is a rural locality (a village) in Mayskoye Rural Settlement, Vologodsky District, Vologda Oblast, Russia. The population was 5 as of 2002.

## Geography

The distance to Vologda is 19.5 km, to Maysky is 7 km. Pribytkovo is the nearest rural locality.
# Mikhalevo, Novlenskoye Rural Settlement, Vologodsky District, Vologda Oblast

Mikhalevo (Russian: Михалёво) is a rural locality (a village) in Novlenskoye Rural Settlement, Vologodsky District, Vologda Oblast, Russia. The population was 6 as of 2002.

## Geography

The distance to Vologda is 96 km, to Novlenskoye is 25 km. Shavrovo is the nearest rural locality.
# Liu Wei (cyclist)

Liu Wei (born March 11, 1995) is a Chinese cyclist, who last rode for China Yindongli Hainan–Wildto. He has participated in the 2014 Tour of Qinghai Lake, Tour of Hainan and Tour of Taihu Lake.
# Mehneh

Mehneh (Persian: مهنه) is a village in, and the capital of, Mahvelat-e Jonubi Rural District of the Central District of Mahvelat County, Razavi Khorasan province, Iran.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the village's population was 2,842 in 744 households. The following census in 2011 counted 3,145 people in 880 households. The 2016 census measured the population of the village as 3,560 people in 1,098 households. It was the most populous village in its rural district.
# Cham Rahman

Cham Rahman (Persian: چم رحمان, also Romanized as Cham Raḩmān; also known as Cham Rahmani) is a village in Hendijan-e Sharqi Rural District, in the Central District of Hendijan County, Khuzestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 75, in 15 families.
# FC Gornyak

FC Gornyak (Kazakh: Горняк футбол клубы, Gornıak Fýtbol Klýby) is a defunct Kazakhstani football club that was based in Khromtau.

## History

Gornyak started the 1996 Premier League season, but withdrew after 4 games, with their results being annulled. During the 2008 season, Gornyak suffered financial problems, which resulted in them withdrawing from the league during the middle of the season.

### Names

* 1990 : Founded as Gornyak

### Domestic history

| Season | League | League | League | League | League | League | League | League | League | Kazakhstan Cup | Top goalscorer | Top goalscorer | Manager |
| Season | Div. | Pos. | Pl. | W | D | L | GS | GA | P | Kazakhstan Cup | Name | League | Manager |
| 1992 | 1st | 8th | 26 | 8 | 7 | 11 | 24 | 29 | 23 | | | | |
| 1993 | 1st | 3rd | 22 | 12 | 6 | 4 | 36 | 28 | 30 | | | | |
| 1994 | 1st | 12th | 30 | 8 | 6 | 16 | 29 | 60 | 22 | | | | |
| 1995 | 1st | 5th | 30 | 14 | 8 | 8 | 49 | 27 | 50 | | Vladimir Korolev | 19 | |
| 1996 | 1st | 19th | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | | | |
| 2001 | 2nd | 8th | 4 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 4 | 12 | 0 | - | | | |
| 2003 | 2nd | 2nd | 20 | 13 | 1 | 6 | 38 | 28 | 40 | Second round | | | |
| 2004 | 2nd | 6th | 24 | 11 | 2 | 11 | 37 | 40 | 35 | Second round | | | |
| 2005 | 2nd | 4th | 22 | 13 | 3 | 6 | 30 | 26 | 42 | Second round | | | |
| 2006 | 2nd | 3rd | 26 | 17 | 1 | 8 | 40 | 25 | 52 | Second round | | | |
| 2007 | 2nd | 6th | 22 | 7 | 6 | 9 | 31 | 39 | 27 | First round | | | |
| 2008 | 2nd | 14th | 26 | 1 | 1 | 24 | 11 | 77 | 4 | First round | | | |
# 1916 New Zealand rugby league season

The 1916 New Zealand rugby league season was the ninth season of rugby league that had been played in New Zealand.

## International competitions

New Zealand played no international matches in 1916.

## National competitions
### Northern Union Cup

Auckland again held the Northern Union Cup at the end of the season.

## Club competitions
### Auckland

City won the Auckland Rugby League's competition and the Roope Rooster.
Ponsonby United captain Scotty McClymount won the title of favourite player in a public charity vote held to raise funds for the War effort. City's Albert Asher was second and Grafton's Karl Ifwersen finished third.

### Other Competitions

The Wellington Rugby League's competition was suspended from 1916 until 1918. The Canterbury Rugby League's competition was suspended for the 1916 season.
# Alexander Golling

Alexander Golling (August 2, 1905 – February 26, 1989) was a German actor. Golling was a member of the Nazi Party.

## Selected filmography

* Der stählerne Strahl (1935) – Zöger
* Joan of Arc (1935) – English Knight
* The Private Life of Louis XIV (1935) – General Mélac
* One Too Many on Board (1935) – Kommissar Sörensen
* The Call of the Jungle (1936) – William Edwards
* Michel Strogoff (1936) – Iwan Ogareff
* The Kaiser of California (1936) – Kewen - Bürgermeister von San Franzisko
* Ninety Minute Stopover (1936) – Conny Steven
* Men Without a Fatherland (1937) – Ischnikoff
* The Tiger of Eschnapur (1938) – Prinz Ramigani, Vetter des Maharadscha
* The Indian Tomb (1938) – Prinz Ramigani, Vetter des Maharadscha
* Travelling People (1938) – Ganove Tino
* Sergeant Berry (1938) – Evans
* Dreizehn Mann und eine Kanone (1938)
* Gold in New Frisco (1939) – Jim de Lacy
* Comrades (1941) – Marschall Davout
* Geheimakte W.B.1 (1942) – Wilhelm Bauer
* Chased by the Devil (1950) – Martin Karper
* Immortal Beloved (1951) – Wulf von Hollstein
* Prosecutor Corda (1953) – Gerichtspräsident
* The Little Town Will Go to Sleep (1954) – Bürgermeister
* School for Marriage (1954) – Boris Salmon
* Marriage Impostor (1954) – Kriminalrat Dr. Maurer
* Ball of Nations (1954) – Scrjabin
* The Golden Plague (1954) – Hamann
* Hello, My Name is Cox (1955) – Gangster Toop
* The Major and the Bulls (1955) – Landrat Spiegel
* Der Teufel mit den drei goldenen Haaren (1955)
* In Hamburg When the Nights Are Long (1956)
* The Golden Bridge (1956) – Bessing
* Santa Lucia (1956) – Bärtiger
* Two Bavarians in St. Pauli (1956) – Hieronymous Huber
* Queen Louise (1957) – Großfürst Konstantin
* Gangsterjagd in Lederhosen (1959) – Ramiro
* A Summer You Will Never Forget (1959) – Konsul Leuchtenthal
* My Schoolfriend (1960) – Krögelmeier
* Soldatensender Calais (1960) – Ein Gauleiter
* No Shooting Time for Foxes (1966) – An Uncle
* Hurra, die Schule brennt – Die Lümmel von der ersten Bank IV. Teil (1969) – Blaumeier
* Das Glöcklein unterm Himmelbett (1970) – Johann Baptist Kloiber
* All People Will Be Brothers (1973) – Bauer
* The Hunter of Fall (1974) – Grenzbauer
* The Odessa File (1974) – Colonel
* Karl May (1974) – Fischer
* Die Jugendstreiche des Knaben Karl [de] (1977) – Kommerzienrat
# Yuriy Rastvorov

Yuriy Aleksandrovich Rastvorov (Russian: Юрий Александрович Растворов; 11 July 1921 – 19 January 2004) known after his defection under the alias of Martin F. Simons, was a Russian former KGB agent and later CIA agent who defected from the Soviet Union to the west while in Japan in 1954. He was sentenced to death in absentia by the Supreme Court of the Soviet Union.

## Biography

Yuriy Aleksandrovich Rastvorov was born on 11 July 1921 in Dmitriyev, Kursk Oblast. His father served as a Red Army commander and fought during the Russian Civil War later the military commissar of the Tagansky District in Moscow.
In 1939, Rastvorov was conscripted into the military and participated in the Soviet occupation of the Baltic states in Latvia and Lithuania. In December 1940 Rastvorov was reassigned to learn Japanese in Moscow. There he became a member of the GRU, and after graduating in 1943, he recruited to the KGB as a codebreaker in the Russian Far East. From 1944–1946 he received an intelligence education in Moscow until he was sent to Tokyo under the cover as an translator. Later that same year, he was recalled to Moscow for a security check, relating to accusations of his grandfather being a kulak. He stayed in Moscow until 1950, when he was sent back to Tokyo with the mission to recruit agents at a tennis club.
In early 1954, Rastvorov was once again recalled, but at the time when a purge of KGB members, such as Lavrentiy Beria, in the wake of Joseph Stalin's death, was going on. Fearing he would be killed as part of this culling, he defected to the US from his post in Tokyo. After being interrogated on Okinawa, he was able to get asylum in the US and assume a new identity under the name Martin Simons. His defection was publicly announced in August 1954, and later at the urging of the CIA, he wrote four articles for Life magazine. He died in 2004.
# Tchórzew, Masovian Voivodeship

Tchórzew is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Zbuczyn, within Siedlce County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately 6 kilometres (4 mi) east of Zbuczyn, 18 km (11 mi) south-east of Siedlce, and 104 km (65 mi) east of Warsaw.