OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# J-line

In the study of the arithmetic of elliptic curves, the j-line over a ring R is the coarse moduli scheme attached to the moduli problem sending a ring $R$ to the set of isomorphism classes of elliptic curves over $R$. Since elliptic curves over the complex numbers are isomorphic (over an algebraic closure) if and only if their $j$-invariants agree, the affine space $\mathbb {A} _{j}^{1}$ parameterizing j-invariants of elliptic curves yields a coarse moduli space. However, this fails to be a fine moduli space due to the presence of elliptic curves with automorphisms, necessitating the construction of the Moduli stack of elliptic curves.
This is related to the congruence subgroup $\Gamma (1)$ in the following way:
    $M([\Gamma (1)])=\mathrm {Spec} (R[j])$
Here the j-invariant is normalized such that $j=0$ has complex multiplication by $\mathbb {Z} [\zeta _{3}]$, and $j=1728$ has complex multiplication by $\mathbb {Z} [i]$.
The j-line can be seen as giving a coordinatization of the classical modular curve of level 1, $X_{0}(1)$, which is isomorphic to the complex projective line $\mathbb {P} _{/\mathbb {C} }^{1}$.
# Drobot

Drobot may refer to:

## People with the surname

* John Drobot (1926–1998), Canadian politician
* Maria Drobot (born 1982), Russian politician
* Mark Drobot (born 1986), Ukrainian actor
* Michael Drobot, American entrepreneur and hospital administrator

## Fiction

* Drobot, a character from the Skylanders game series
# Stara Pułapina

Stara Pułapina is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Baranów, within Grodzisk Mazowiecki County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.
# Pteranthus

Pteranthus is a monotypic genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Caryophyllaceae. The only species is Pteranthus dichotomus.
Its native range is Canary Islands, the Mediterranean to Pakistan and the Arabian Peninsula.
# LHS 3844 b

LHS 3844 b, formally named Kua'kua is an exoplanet orbiting the red dwarf LHS 3844, about 48.5 light-years (14.9 parsecs) away in the constellation Indus, discovered using the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite. It orbits its parent star once every 11 hours, and its radius is 1.32 times that of Earth. It has a low albedo, indicating that its surface may resemble that of the Moon or Mercury. LHS 3844 b probably does not have an atmosphere as almost no heat goes to its night side, and it has a dayside temperature of 1,040 K (770 °C; 1,410 °F). The presence of cloudy atmosphere with cloud tops above pressure level of 0.1 bar cannot be excluded though.
In order to explain the lack of atmosphere, it has been proposed that the planet was formed interior to the star system's snow-line, because if it formed beyond the snow-line it would have carried volatiles, on the surface and in a thick atmosphere, that according to models on atmospheric loss should have been enough to sustain an atmosphere to the present. The planet probably also formed with a volatile-poor outgassing mantle, in a stagnant lid regime, because if the mantle was similar in constitution to Earth's, with plate tectonics, then it should still have a thick atmosphere, unless the red dwarf consistently flared at an uncharacteristically extreme rate not yet considered in atmospheric loss models. An alternative explanation for the lack of atmosphere could be through a large impact event, one with enough momentum to strip the planet of its atmosphere and a large portion of its mantle. In order to explain the non-replenishment of volatiles via comets back onto the planet, it is also proposed that perhaps there is an outer gas giant in the star system.
It is thought that LHS 3844 b is tidally locked due to its surface being 'relatively cool', although this hypothesis could possibly be complicated by the fact that the research into the temperature of the planet assumed that there was no atmosphere, a point which is not definitively confirmed.

## Naming

In August 2022, this planet and its host star were included among 20 systems to be named by the third NameExoWorlds project. The approved names, proposed by a team from Costa Rica, were announced in June 2023. LHS 3844 b is named Kua'kua and its host star is named Batsũ̀, after the Bribri words for "butterfly" and "hummingbird".
# Cernavodă Bridge

The Cernavodă Bridge (Romanian: Podul Cernavodă) is a complex of two freeway-railroad truss bridges in Romania, across the Danube River, connecting the cities of Cernavodă and Fetești, between the regions of Dobruja and Muntenia.
Inaugurated in 1987, the bridges have a total length of 2,622.85 m (8,605.2 ft), of which 1,640.35 m (5,381.7 ft) over the Danube at Cernavodă, and 982.5 m (3,223 ft) over the Borcea branch [ro] of the Danube, at Fetești.
The Cernavodă Bridge lies on the A2 Sun Motorway, in the vicinity of the old Anghel Saligny Bridge. Across the railway bridge runs the CFR Line 800, connecting Bucharest to the ports of Constanța and Mangalia on the Black Sea.
# William Evans (rugby union, born 1892)

William Henry Evans (9 February 1892 - c. 1979) was a Welsh international centre who played club rugby for Llwynypia and Penygraig. He won four caps for Wales playing in all four matches of the 1914 Five Nations Championship.

## Personal history

Evans was born in 1892 in Tonypandy in the Rhondda Valley during its period of industrial growth. He became a collier, a common occupation in the coal rich valley. With the outbreak of the First World War he served his country as a member of the Welch Regiment. He died circa 1979 in Bryncethin.

## Rugby career

Evans first came to prominence as a rugby player while he was playing for local team Llwynypia RFC. He was first capped for Wales when he was selected for the opening game of the 1914 Five Nations Championship, an away fixture at Twickenham against England. Evans was one of five new players brought into the Welsh side as the team attempted to rebuild their side, which saw Wales lose to their old rivals, 10-9. Evans earned his second cap three weeks later, laying Scotland at the Cardiff Arms Park. In a rough match Scotland lost by a heavy 24-5 result. Evans' third successive Wales appearance was a second home encounter, this time against France. Wales dominated the game and Evans scored his first and only international try, one of seven scored by Wales that day, in a convincing 31-0 victory. His final international appearance was the last of the 1914 Championship and the last international Welsh game until 1920, as the outbreak of the First World War ended international rugby. Evans; final game was seen as one of the most violent in the history of rugby, with Wales beating Ireland 11-3.

### International matches played

Wales
* England 1914
* France 1914
* Ireland 1914
* Scotland 1914
# Operation Épaulard I

Operation Épaulard 1 (Operation Orca 1) was a military operation undertaken on the behalf of the 2nd Foreign Parachute Regiment to land soldiers in Beirut, Lebanon on 21 August 1982, during the Lebanese Civil War.
They were part of the Multinational Force in Lebanon, a multinational force including United States Armed Forces, Italian Armed Forces and British Armed Forces, which aimed to intervene in the widening conflict in Lebanon and protect French assets and civilians.
# Safarabad, Miandorud

Safarabad (Persian: صفراباد, also Romanized as Şafarābād) is a village in Kuhdasht-e Sharqi Rural District, in the Central District of Miandorud County, Mazandaran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 85, in 19 families.
# Tas-Yuryakh

Tas-Yuryakh (Russian: Тас-Юрях; Yakut: Таас Үрэх, Taas Ürex, Stony Little River) is a rural locality (a selo), the only inhabited locality, and the administrative center of Botuobuyinsky Nasleg of Mirninsky District in the Sakha Republic, Russia, located 157 kilometers (98 mi) from Suntar, the administrative center of the district. Its population as of the 2010 Census was 480, down from 566 recorded during the 2002 Census.

## Geography

Tas-Yuryakh village is located close to the confluence of the Ulakhan-Botuobuya and its largest tributary, the Tas-Yuryakh.
# 2016 America East Conference women's soccer tournament

The 2016 America East Conference women's soccer tournament is the postseason women's soccer tournament for the America East Conference to be held from October 27 to November 6, 2016. The five match tournament will be held at campus sites, with the higher seed hosting. The six team single-elimination tournament will consist of three rounds based on seeding from regular season conference play. The Albany Great Danes are the defending tournament champions, after defeating the Hartford Hawks 2–1 in the championship match for the program's first league title.

## Bracket

| First round Thursday, Oct. 27 | First round Thursday, Oct. 27 | First round Thursday, Oct. 27 | Semifinals Sunday, Oct. 30 | Semifinals Sunday, Oct. 30 | Semifinals Sunday, Oct. 30 | Final Sunday, Nov. 6 | Final Sunday, Nov. 6 | Final Sunday, Nov. 6 |
| | | | 1 | Albany | 1 | | | |
| 4 | New Hampshire | 1 | 4 | New Hampshire | 0 | | | |
| 5 | Maine | 0 | | | | 1 | Albany | 2 |
| | | | | | | 2 | Hartford | 1 |
| | | | 2 | Hartford | 1 | | | |
| 3 | Stony Brook | 0 (1) | 6 | Vermont | 0 | | | |
| 6 | Vermont | 0 (3) | | | | | | |
# Côte Vermeille

The Côte Vermeille (French pronunciation:; Catalan: Costa Vermella, meaning "vermilion coast", or traditionally Catalan: la Marenda) is a region in the French department of Pyrénées-Orientales on the Mediterranean Coast near the border with Spain. The Côte Vermeille stretches from Argelès-sur-Mer to the border village of Cerbère. The towns of Collioure, Port-Vendres and Banyuls-sur-Mer are nested along a 20 km stretch of beaches, small bays, creeks and coves.
# Berkau

Berkau is a village and a former municipality in the district of Stendal, in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. Since 1 January 2010, it is part of the town Bismark.
# Ali Zohuran

Ali Zohuran (Persian: علي ظهوران, also Romanized as ‘Alī Z̧ohūrān) is a village in Hur Rural District, in the Central District of Faryab County, Kerman Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 173, in 39 families.
# Mnogoozyorny

Mnogoozyorny (Russian: Многоозёрный) is a rural locality (a settlement) and the administrative center of Yuzhakovsky Selsoviet, Troitsky District, Altai Krai, Russia. The population was 380 as of 2013. It was founded in 1939. There are 16 streets.

## Geography

Mnogoozyorny is located 45 km southwest of Troitskoye (the district's administrative centre) by road. Yuzhakovo is the nearest rural locality.
# Farsian, Azadshahr

Farsian (Persian: فارسيان) is a village in, and the capital of, Cheshmeh Saran Rural District of Cheshmeh Saran District, Azadshahr County, Golestan province, Iran.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the village's population was 2,058 in 491 households. The following census in 2011 counted 2,109 people in 612 households. The 2016 census measured the population of the village as 1,928 people in 592 households.
# Shadowserver Foundation

Shadowserver Foundation is a nonprofit security organization that gathers and analyzes data on malicious Internet activity (including malware, botnets, and computer fraud), sends daily network reports to subscribers, and works with law enforcement organizations around the world in cybercrime investigations. Established in 2004 as a "volunteer watchdog group," it liaises with national governments, CSIRTs, network providers, academic institutions, financial institutions, Fortune 500 companies, and end users to improve Internet security, enhance product capability, advance research, and dismantle criminal infrastructure. Shadowserver provides its data at no cost to national CSIRTs (by geo code) and network owners (according to their network space).

## Funding

In early 2020, Cisco, which has been the primary funder for 15 years, announced they would be withdrawing their funding. In late May 2020 it was announced that the Shadowserver Foundation had received funding from various sources to enable “the group to continue in a more sustainable way without becoming dependent on a single backer again.” Funding now comes from donations, grants, projects, and/or supportive organisations can join the Shadowserver Alliance.

## Activities
### Data collection

Shadowserver scans the IPv4 Internet over 100 times per day. It harvests data on malware, spam, bots, and botnets using large-scale sensor networks of honeypots and honeyclients placed throughout the world. It uses sinkholes to collect data on bots and DDOS attacks. It also receives additional malware and sinkhole data from governments, industry partners, and law enforcement agencies that have established reciprocal data-sharing agreements with Shadowserver.

### Data analysis

Shadowserver stores raw malware data permanently in its repository. As new data are collected, Shadowserver analyzes them using thousands of virtual sandboxes and hundreds of bare metal sandboxes. It regularly re-analyzes raw data previously collected. The results of these analyses are stored in the organization's analysis cluster.

### Network reporting

Shadowserver sends free daily network reports to users who have subscribed to them. The reports contain all the data that Shadowserver has collected and analyzed about any suspicious activity it was able to detect within the specific networks or regions for which the subscriber is responsible. For example, a national government might receive data aggregated by geo-spatial coordinates defined by latitude and longitude, while an international network provider might receive data filtered by ASN.

### Investigation support

Shadowserver liaises with security organizations, national governments, and CSIRTs to dismantle global cybercrime networks; for example, it worked with the FBI, Europol, and Interpol to take down the Avalanche network in 2016. It also helps law enforcement partners to develop strategies against cyber security threats and to mitigate threats as they emerge, focusing on cases that involve criminal abuse of the Internet’s infrastructure.
# One Nation Under CCTV

One Nation Under CCTV was a 2007 mural by graffiti artist Banksy on Newman Street in London. Painted on the wall of a building used by the Royal Mail, it depicted a child in a red hooded top painting the phrase, while being watched by a police officer and a dog. The mural was situated adjacent to a CCTV camera. In 2008, the Westminster City Council ordered the work's removal on the grounds that it was an unlicensed commercial. The mural was painted over in April 2009.
# Flodday, Loch Maddy

Flodday (Scottish Gaelic: Flodaigh) is an uninhabited island in Loch Maddy, North Uist in the Outer Hebrides of Scotland.
The area of the island is recorded as 50 hectares (124 acres) in Rick Livingstone's tables, although it is not listed by Hamish Haswell-Smith in his tabulation of Scottish islands greater in size than 40 hectares (99 acres). No reason for this is given and his area calculation presumably provided a figure smaller than this total.
Loch Maddy contains a bewildering profusion of islands and islets. To the north west lie the smaller island of Fearamas and the complex island of Cliasaigh Mor/Cliasaigh Beag. The entrance to the sea loch is to the south east where lie the waters of The Minch. The village of Lochmaddy is to the west on the far side of the loch. Flodday is separated from North Uist by the narrows of Caolas Loch Portain.
The coastline is described as "lag boulders and gravel intertidal areas" to the north, east and west and rock or rock platform in the south and south east.

## Folklore and stories

The Carmichael Watson Project records a brief story concerning a great northern diver. Kenneth MacLean, a local merchant, describes his sighting of this bird, at Flodday in 1884. Although he was familiar with the species it was the sole occasion on which he had seen it in flight. He recorded that "the wings went rapidly and the bird seemed to exert himself greatly". The island is also referred to in the Notebook of Alexander Carmichael, which contains material collected between October 1867 and December 1885.
The freshwater Loch na Beiste lies just beyond Caolas Loch Portain not far from the shore of North Uist. It was reputedly the haunt of a sea-cow.

## Citations

* 1 2 Mac an Tàilleir, Iain (2003) Ainmean-àite/Placenames. (pdf) Pàrlamaid na h-Alba. Retrieved 26 August 2012.
* 1 2 "Rick Livingstone’s Tables of the Islands of Scotland" (pdf) Argyll Yacht Charters. Retrieved 23 September 2013.
* ↑ Area and population ranks: there are c. 300 islands over 20 ha in extent and 93 permanently inhabited islands were listed in the 2011 census.
* 1 2 3 Ordnance Survey. OS Maps Online (Map). 1:25,000. Leisure.
* ↑ National Records of Scotland (15 August 2013). "Appendix 2: Population and households on Scotland's Inhabited Islands" (PDF). Statistical Bulletin: 2011 Census: First Results on Population and Household Estimates for Scotland Release 1C (Part Two) (PDF) (Report). SG/2013/126. Retrieved 14 August 2020.
* ↑ Haswell-Smith (2004) pp. xii, 206, 244
* ↑ "Coastal Zone Assessment Survey: East Coast of North Uist, Benbecula & South Uist". (pdf) The SCAPE Trust. Retrieved 2 January 2015.
* ↑ "Story about a great northern diver". Folio 22r, line 14 to folio 22v, line 20. Pròiseact MhicGilleMhìcheil MhicBhatair. Retrieved 2 January 2015.
* ↑ "Transcription notebook of Alexander Carmichael ". Pròiseact MhicGilleMhìcheil MhicBhatair. Retrieved 2 January 2015.
* ↑ "Water-horses and Water-bulls". Electric Scotland. Retrieved 2 January 2015.
# Mattress pad

A mattress pad, mattress topper, or underpad is designed to lie atop a mattress. Made from a variety of materials including wool, cotton, memory foam, feather and latex, its function is to provide an extra layer of comfort, especially when the existing mattress is worn or uncomfortable.
Physically, it is a thin mattress, usually 5–10 centimetres (2–4 in) thick. Stand-alone mattresses of this size exist, including futons, and floor beds. Similarly, traditional European beds were made of a stack of mattresses of this size. In contrast, mattress toppers are usually sold for use on top of boxsprings (secured with straps or elasticated cloth corners). They are used to extend the life of the more-expensive boxspring, make a bed warmer or cooler (with airflow, or heat-conductive materials), make a firm bed softer, and for travel and dorms, as they are portable, especially if they are low-density.
Like a mattress protector/mattress pad/mattress cover (a thin, generally unpadded layer not designed to improve comfort), mattress toppers can be used to protect the mattress from the sleeper or vice versa. Some mattress toppers are machine-washable; covers and fillings are made from a range of materials.

## Common types of mattress toppers
### Pillow-top mattress toppers

Pillow top mattress toppers are filled with natural fibers such as cotton or down, or synthetic options such as microfiber. The filling is usually segmented into pockets which help it to stay in place. This is similar to quilts, though mattress toppers are usually 4 inches or thicker. Most hotel beds use this type of topper, which gives them their plush feel. Eggshell mattress toppers claim to extend the life of an older bed.

### Memory-foam mattress toppers

Visco-elastic foam toppers are made from visco-elastic polyurethane, also known as "memory foam", a type of material that exhibits both viscous and elastic characteristics when undergoing deformation. Viscous materials, like water, resist shear flow and strain linearly with time when a stress is applied. The foam used in the construction of memory foam toppers reacts to both pressure and temperature. This, combined with its greater density, are properties that give them their characteristic "weightlessness" sensation. Memory foam mattress toppers are touted to optimize support and promote proper spinal alignment during sleep. They are also regularly used in medical institutions to relieve pressure.

### Latex mattress toppers

Latex is derived from rubber tree sap and feels springy as well as responsive. There are 2 main methods of manufacturing latex:

#### Dunlop Latex

Dunlop latex is heavier on one side than the other due to sedimentation during the foaming process. As such, it is primarily used for support layers of a bed.

#### Tatalay Latex

Tataly Latex is flash frozen, which results in a lighter, fluffier foam. It lacks support and is used primarily as a comfort layer.

### Others

An electric mattress pad is made of heavy fabric with heating filaments woven into it. In the UK and Commonwealth countries this is called an "electric blanket".
# Guitarro (instrument)

The Guitarro (Catalan: guitarró) is a small, baroque, five-stringed guitar from Aragon, slightly larger than the requinto or cavaquinho. The instrument is also found in other regions of Spain, such as Andalusia, La Mancha, and Murcia.
Common tuning is B F# D A E, but this sometimes varies. While all five strings are usually single, the three middle strings can also be doubly strung to produce a stronger sound.
Never intended as a solo instrument, the guitarro typically provides plucked accompaniment to Aragonese jotas and rondas.
This instrument was brought to America and there are instruments derived from it throughout America.
# Vroom Vroom (song)

"Vroom Vroom" is a song by English singer Charli XCX from her 2016 EP of the same name.

## Release

On 20 October 2015, Charli XCX hosted a radio show on Beats 1 where she previewed "Vroom Vroom" for the first time. The music video for "Vroom Vroom" was released on 22 April 2016 and included cameos by Sophie, A.G. Cook, and Hannah Diamond.

## Critical reception

In an infamous review for Pitchfork, Laura Snapes wrote that the song "sounds like a rickety clown car whose horn toots Missy [Elliott]'s 'The Rain (Supa Dupa Fly)'—a blocky, disjointed paean to fast rides and good times."

## Charts

| Chart (2016) | Peak position |
| UK Vinyl Singles (OCC) | 1 |
| UK Physical Singles Chart (OCC) | 2 |
# Stara Wieś, Przasnysz County

Stara Wieś is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Chorzele, within Przasnysz County, Masovian Voivodeship, located on east-central Poland. It lies approximately 11 kilometres (7 mi) west of Chorzele, 30 km (19 mi) north of Przasnysz, and 118 km (73 mi) north of Warsaw.
# Kal Bid

Kal Bid (Persian: كال بيد or كل بيد) may refer to:
* Kal Bid, Khuzestan (كل بيد - Kal Bīd)
* Kal Bid, Markazi (كل بيد - Kal Bīd)
# 2018 America East Conference women's soccer tournament

The 2018 America East Conference women's soccer tournament was the postseason women's soccer tournament for the America East Conference held from October 25 through November 4, 2018. The five-match tournament took place at campus sites, with the higher seed hosting. The six-team single-elimination tournament consisted of three rounds based on seeding from regular season conference play. The defending champions were the Stony Brook Seawolves, who were unable to defend their title after losing in the Quarterfinals to UMass Lowell. Albany won their third tournament in 4 years after a 5–1 victory in the final.

## Bracket

| Quarterfinals Thursday, Oct. 25 | Quarterfinals Thursday, Oct. 25 | Quarterfinals Thursday, Oct. 25 | Semifinals Sunday, Oct. 28 | Semifinals Sunday, Oct. 28 | Semifinals Sunday, Oct. 28 | Final Sunday, Nov. 4 | Final Sunday, Nov. 4 | Final Sunday, Nov. 4 |
| | | | 1 | Stony Brook | 0 | | | |
| 4 | UMass Lowell | 0 (4) | 4 | UMass Lowell | 2 | | | |
| 5 | Vermont | 0 (3) | | | | 4 | UMass Lowell | 1 |
| | | | | | | 3 | Albany | 5 |
| | | | 2 | Hartford | 0 | | | |
| 3 | Albany | 1 | 3 | Albany | 1 | | | |
| 6 | New Hampshire | 0 | | | | | | |

## Statistics
### Goalscorers
#### 2 Goals

* Jasmine Colbert - Albany
* Lily Fabian - Stony Brook
* Mariah Williams - Albany

#### 1 Goal

* Meghan Cavanaugh - Albany
* Christina Cernuto - Albany
* Jada Colbert - Albany
* Katelyn Vieira - Stony Brook