OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Malik Gaisin

Malik Favzaviyevich Gaisin (Russian:Ма́лик Фавзавиевич Га́йсин; born 26 February 1959, in Sverdlovsk) is a Russian entrepreneur and politician from Urals. He holds, or held, stakes in many major ventures in the region. In the past (1995–2000) he served as member of State Duma of the Russian Federation.

## Biography

In the end of 1980s he founded one of the first private businesses in Sverdlovsk that transformed into a limited company specializing in buying vouchers. Later Gaisin through this company managed to acquire regional agricultural holdings. In 2004 claims were published, suggesting that Gaisin owned about 10% industry in the Urals at the time with share packages in more than 100 enterprises.
He was elected State Duma deputy in 1995 at Kamensk-Uralsky electoral district № 163. As a member of parliament, he served in the Duma's Committee on Budget, Taxes, Banks and Finance in Moscow.
He was involved in many operations with industrial stakes in Urals, particularly with shares in the major Yekaterinburg factory Uralhimmash, where he was appointed director in 2008. In 2014 he became head of Kalinin Machine-Building Plant. Latest news reports state that he is currently interested in state-owned bakery business in Beryozovsky, Sverdlovsk Oblast.
# Aleksander Papiewski

Aleksander Papiewski (born 12 May 1939) is a Polish former professional football manager.
# Poutník Brewery

Poutník Brewery (Czech: Pivovar Poutník) is a brewery in Pelhřimov, Czech Republic.

## History

The town of Pelhřimov was granted brewing rights in 1552. At first the beer was brewed in various town houses. In the 17th century the burghers decided to establish a communal brewery. The brewery was moved multiple times to different locations due to insufficient space.
In 1899 the current brewery building complex was built at the Na hradišti location. It was designed for lager brewing and was equipped by modern technologies of the era. In 1948 the brewery was nationalized and directed by n. p. Jihočeské pivovary. The company was bought by DUP Pelhřimov in 2001 and the name of the brewery was changed to Poutník.

## Beers

* Poutník 10° (4.0% abv) pale lager
* Poutník 11° (4.5% abv) pale lager
* Poutník 12° (5.0% abv) pale lager
* Poutník 12° Hořký (5.0% abv) pale lager with extra hops
* Poutník 14° (5.8% abv) strong pale lager, sold only during Christmas and Easter times
# Dashteh

Dashteh (Persian: دشته) may refer to:
* Dashteh, Hamadan
* Dashteh, West Azerbaijan
# Liashur Sara

Liashur Sara or Liashur Saray (Persian: لياشورسرائ) may refer to:
* Liashur Sara-ye Olya
* Liashur Sara-ye Sofla
* Liashur Saray-e Ostad Vali
# Fyodor Burdin

Fyodor Alexeyevich Burdin (Russian: Фёдор Алексеевич Бурдин, April 11, 1827 in Moscow, Russian Empire – February 24, 1887 in Moscow) was a Russian actor, best remembered for his parts in the Alexandrinsky Theatre productions of plays by his best friend Alexander Ostrovsky, whose rise to fame had a lot to do with Burdin's enthusiasm about the playwright's work, his connections in high places and considerable entrepreneurial talents.

## Career

Burdin, who routinely staged in his home the premiere readings of Ostrovsky's plays and took upon himself the role of their primal reviewer, enjoyed the right to choose the leading parts for himself, which he often did at the expense of productions' quality. Lauded for his role as a catalyst in the general development of the Russian theatre in the mid-19th-century, Burdin the actor was unpopular with theatre critics, notably Apollon Grigoriev who coined the term 'burdinism' to denote what he saw as the contemporary Russian stage actors' worst flaws: pompousness and penchant for banality.
Burdin translated numerous French vaudevilles; several 'originals' that he wrote were, in effect, re-makes of the current French theatre repertoire. In 1876 his 2-volume Collection of Plays Translated from French came out in Saint Petersburg. He also authored the Brief Textbook of the Art of Drama (1886, Moscow), addressed to the young actors, as well as several memoirs, including "Emperor Nikolay Pavlovich as Remembered by an Actor" (Воспоминания артиста об императоре Николае Павловиче, Istorichesky Vestnik, 1886. Vol. 23. No. 1) and "Remembering A. N. Ostrovsky" (Из воспоминаний об А. И. Островском, Vestnik Evropy, 1886, No. 12).
# Nosfell

Nosfell (born 1 December 1977 in Saint-Ouen, France) is a French rock musician who performs in a group with Pierre Lebourgeois (cellist) and Orkhan Murat (drummer). His full stage name, Labyala Fela Da Jawid Fel, means "The one who walks and heals".

## Career

Born in the Parisian suburbia, Nosfell studied Asian languages but became famous as a cabaret performer and musician. He played major venues including the Paris Olympia, opening for Tryo, and the Parc des Princes, opening for the Red Hot Chili Peppers and Pixies. At the Printemps de Bourges music festival he was awarded the "Attention talent scène" prize. His first self-promoted LP, Pomaïe Klokochazia balek, was released in 2004, and he then signed to record label V2 Records. He released two further albums, Kälin Bla Lemsnit Dünfel Labyanit (2006) and Nosfell (2009).

## Music

Nosfell's musical influences include blues, folk, funk, African music, scat, human beatbox, and other traditions. His work is characterised by his use of a distinctive invented language, "Klokobetz", which may be based on Japanese and German. He also sings in English and French.
His third album, Nosfell (produced by Alain Johannes), displays clearer rock influences than his other works. Josh Homme, Brody Dalle and Daniel Darc guest star on two of the songs. The album's release was accompanied by the publication of a book, Le Lac aux Velies, which Nosfell wrote with Ludovic Debeurme to elaborate the stories he narrates on stage.

## Discography
### Albums

* 2003: Khayidilo (Album EP)
* 2005: Pomaïe Klokochazia balek
* 2006: Live in Bruxelles (Pomaïe Klokochazia balek, with live DVD)
* 2007: Kälin Bla Lemsnit Dünfel Labyanit
* 2009: Nosfell
* 2011: Octopus
* 2014: Amour Massif
* 2014: Contact

### DVD

* 2006: Oklamindalofan, Live in Bruxelles in Brussels, 15 December 2005.

### Book

* 2009: Le Lac aux Vélies (with Ludovic Debeurme's drawings), 25 June 2009
# Rapla County

Rapla County (Estonian: Rapla maakond or Raplamaa) is one of the fifteen counties of Estonia. It is situated in the north-western part of the country and borders Järva County to the east, Pärnu County to the south, Lääne County to the west, and Harju County to the north. In 2022 Rapla County had a population of 33,529 – constituting 2.5% of the total population of Estonia.

## History

The first written records of Rapla date back to the 1241 Danish census (Liber Census Daniae).

## County government

The County Government (Estonian: Maavalitsus) is led by a governor (Estonian: maavanem), who is appointed by the Government of Estonia for a term of five years. Since 2015, the Governor position is held by Tõnis Blank.

## Municipalities

The county is subdivided into municipalities. There are 4 rural municipalities (Estonian: vallad – parishes) in Rapla County:
| Rank | Municipality | Type | Population (2018) | Area km$^2$ | Density |
| 1 | Kehtna Parish | Rural | 5,605 | 512 | 10.9 |
| 2 | Kohila Parish | Rural | 7,096 | 230 | 30.9 |
| 3 | Märjamaa Parish | Rural | 7,739 | 1,174 | 6.6 |
| 4 | Rapla Parish | Rural | 13,334 | 849 | 15.7 |

## Religion

Religion in Rapla County (2021)
Religious affiliations in Rapla County, census 2000–2021* :
| Religion | 2000 | 2000 | 2011 | 2011 | 2021 | 2021 |
| Religion | Number | % | Number | % | Number | % |
| Christianity | 7,747 | 26.1 | 5,144 | 17.6 | 4,370 | 15.7 |
| —Orthodox Christians | 775 | 2.6 | 912 | 3.1 | 740 | 2.7 |
| —Lutherans | 6,439 | 21.7 | 3,761 | 12.8 | 2,980 | 10.7 |
| —Catholics | 68 | 0.2 | 50 | 0.1 | 240 | 0.8 |
| —Baptists | 232 | 0.7 | 155 | 0.5 | 140 | 0.5 |
| —Jehovah's Witnesses | 58 | 0.1 | 72 | 0.2 | 80 | 0.2 |
| —Pentecostals | 95 | 0.2 | 37 | 0.1 | 30 | 0.1 |
| —Old Believers | 4 | 0.01 | 7 | 0.01 | - | - |
| —Methodists | 36 | 0.1 | 13 | 0.02 | - | - |
| —Adventists | 40 | 0.1 | 29 | 0.1 | - | - |
| —Other Christians | - | | 108 | 0.3 | 160 | 0.55 |
| Islam | 9 | 0.02 | 11 | 0.02 | - | - |
| Buddhism | - | - | 15 | 0.02 | 60 | 0.2 |
| Other religions** | 177 | 0.6 | 232 | 0.8 | 340 | 1.2 |
| No religion | 11,739 | 39.6 | 19,695 | 67.5 | 19,660 | 70.6 |
| Not stated*** | 9,860 | 33.2 | 4,091 | 14.0 | 3,330 | 11.9 |
| Total population* | 29,632 | 29,632 | 29,187 | 29,187 | 27,820 | 27,820 |
| *The censuses of Estonia count the religious affiliations of the population older than 15 years of age. ". |||||||

## Geography

Natural resources found in Rapla county include limestone, dolomite, peat, and clay.

## Miscellaneous topics

The church of Rapla was built in 1901. However, much of the interior dates back to several hundred years earlier and is of high structural quality and historical value. In the churchyard there are several crosses remaining from the 17th century.

## Gallery

* Porkuni Castle gate tower
* Palmse manor
* Rakvere Castle
* Mõdriku manor
* Malla manor
* Vihula windmill
* Laekvere pine
* Lake Neeruti Tagajärv
* View from tower on the hill of Emumägi
* Toolse Castle
* Vainupea Chapel
* Vihula Manor
* Altja river
* Sagadi manor
* Viru bog in Lahemaa National Park
* Mähu boulders in Lahemaa National Park
* Rapeseed field near Laekvere
# Komajia

Komajia is a town and commune (Malagasy: kaominina) in Madagascar. It belongs to the district of Mampikony, which is a part of Sofia Region. The population of the commune was estimated to be approximately 4,000 in 2001 commune census.
Only primary schooling is available. The majority 95% of the population of the commune are farmers, while an additional 4.5% receives their livelihood from raising livestock. The most important crops are rice and raffia palm, while other important agricultural products are sugarcane and maize. Services provide employment for 0.5% of the population.

## References and notes

* ↑ Estimated based on DEM data from Shuttle Radar Topography Mission
* 1 2 3 "ILO census data". Cornell University. 2002. Retrieved 2008-03-02.
16°12′S 47°47′E﻿ / ﻿16.200°S 47.783°E﻿ / -16.200; 47.783
* This Sofia Region of Madagascar location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Agliano Terme

Agliano Terme (Piedmontese: Ajan) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Asti in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 50 kilometres (31 mi) southeast of Turin and about 12 kilometres (7 mi) southeast of Asti.
Agliano Terme borders the following municipalities: Calosso, Castelnuovo Calcea, Costigliole d'Asti, Moasca, and Montegrosso d'Asti. Traditionally called simply Agliano (or Ajan in Piemontese), the "Terme" was added in recent times to draw attention to the presence of thermal baths, a tourist attraction.
# Khampheng Boupha

Khampheng Boupha (Lao: ຄຳແພງ ບຸບຜາ; 15 January 1923 – 2011) was a Laotian politician who served as a member of the Central Committee of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party and President of the Lao Women's Union.

## Early life

Khampheng Boupha was born in Luang Prabang and completed her schooling from there.

## Career

Khampheng began her career as a teacher and later took up translation work. From 1946 to 1949, she stayed in Thailand with her husband, a member of the Lao Issara government. A year later, both of them joined the Free Laos Front. She won the May 1958 supplementary elections for Luang Prabang and became a member of the National Assembly of Laos. It was during this time that the Boupha couple was actively involved with the Pathet Lao communist movement in Vietnam.
In 1979, Khampheng became a member of the newly formed Lao Front for National Development's Standing Committee and three years later was elected to the Central Committee of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party. Owing to health issues, she did not stand for re-election. She also served as president of Lao Women's Union and Secretary of State for Rural Affairs.

## Personal life

In 1943, Khampheng married Khamphay Boupha, who served as the Laotian deputy minister of foreign affairs from 1975 to 1985. Kampheng Boupha died in 2011.
# Trygvi Samuelsen

Samuel Georg Trygve Samuelsen (September 16, 1907 – February 19, 1985) was a Faroese lawyer and politician in the Faroese Union Party.

## Life

Samuelsen was born in Fuglafjørður i 1907, the son of Andrass Samuelsen and Beate Emilie Lindenskov. He was also the brother of Georg L. Samuelsen and the uncle of Lisbeth L. Petersen. Although he was baptized Samuel Georg Trygve Samuelsen, he was known by the more Faroese name Trygvi Samuelsen. He received his examen artium degree at Sorø Academy in 1926, and his candidate of law degree in 1933. Samuelsen became a local administrator (sysselmann) for Eysturoy in 1933, a proxy solicitor in Tórshavn in 1934, and a lawyer in the same town in 1938. In 1956 he became the Icelandic consul for the Faroe Islands.
From 1936 to 1964, Samuelsen served as governor of the Municipality of Tórshavn. He served as a member of the Union Party in the Faroese Parliament from 1943 to 1946 and from 1949 to 1974, representing the South Streymoy (Faroese: Suðurstreymoy) district. He succeeded Johan Poulsen to serve as head of the party from 1970 to 1974, after which Pauli Ellefsen took over leadership of the party.
Trygvi Samuelsen died in Tórshavn.
# The South Wind (novel)

The South Wind (Arabic:ريح الجنوب; literally “The Wind of the South”) (1970) by Abdelhamid ben Hadouga is the first Algerian novel written in Arabic. It was ranked number fifty-three in the list of the 105 best Arabic novels issued by the Arab Writers Union, and it was made into a film in 1976.

## Themes

The plot centres on a young woman named Nafisa, who comes home for the summer holidays from university to find that her father Abed bin al-Qadi wants her to marry her to one of the men of the village, though neither she does not wish to.
In this work the author demonstrates his commitment to the arab identity as well as generational conflicts and the problems faced by women. One of the characters in the novel exclaims “the armed revolution delivered us from colonisation, but it didn’t succeed in freeing us from our prejudices. We need another revolution. But who will make it happen?”

## Plot

The events of the novel begin on Friday morning - market day. Abed bin Al-Qadi is preparing to go to the market with his son Abdul Qadir when he forms the idea of marrying his daughter Nafisa to Malik, the Sheikh of the municipality. A few days later, the village celebrates the inauguration of a cemetery for the sons of the martyrs who fell during the war of liberation. Abed bin Al-Qadi invites the people of the village into his house, seeking to impress Malik, though Malik is not keen on the idea of the engagement.
Days pass and the father remains determined to marry off his daughter to Malik, so Nafisa decides to escape. The next market day, while the women go to the cemetery, she goes out in disguise wearing her father's cape and heads for the station on a path through a forest. On her way she is bitten by a snake and faints. She is found by Rabeh, a local shepherd who recognizes her and takes her back to his house to live in secret with his mute mother. Nevertheless news spreads in the village and Nafisa’s father knows that she is with Rabeh so he goes to Rabeh’s house and tries to kill him. Rabeh’s mother rushes at Abed bin Al-Qadi with an axe and strikes him on the head. After that, she pushes Nafisa out of the house, and Nafisa returns to her father's house after her failed attempt to escape.

## Translations and adaptation

First published in Arabic by al-Mu’assasah al-Watanīyah lil-Kitāb in 1970. First published in French as Le Vent du Sud by Société Nationale d’Edition et de Diffusion in 1970 (trans. Marcel Bois); first published in Spanish as El Viento del Sur by Instituto Hispano-Arabe de Cultura in 1981 (trans. Marcelino Villegas). The novel has since been translated into around twenty languages.
The 1976 film adaptation of the novel by fr: Mohamed Slim Riad altered the ending of the story - Nafisa reaches the station and her father does not manage to catch up with her in time to stop her. The film ends with a shot of father and daughter smiling at each other.
# Kavakgölü, Eruh

Kavakgölü (Kurdish: Rehine) is a village in the Eruh District of Siirt Province in Turkey. The village is populated by Kurds of the Botikan tribe and had a population of 43 in 2021.
The hamlet of Kutluca (Mizgeft) is attached to the village.
# Pordeh Sar, Alborz

Pordeh Sar (Persian: پرده سر, also Romanized as Pordsar) is a village in Miyan Taleqan Rural District, in the Central District of Taleqan County, Alborz Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 209, in 63 families.
# Mayyit

al-Mayyit (Arabic: الميت) is the term to refer to the deceased in Islam. There are prescribed burial rites to be given upon the death of a Muslim, including the salat al-mayyit, or "prayer of the dead".
The term is also used in the Arabic name of the Dead Sea, al-Bahr al-Mayyit.
# Michael Proctor (gridiron football)

Michael Proctor (born July 14, 1967), nicknamed "the General", is an American former football quarterback who played three seasons with the Charlotte Rage of the Arena Football League. He was also a member of the Montreal Machine of the World League of American Football (WLAF) and the Saskatchewan Roughriders of the Canadian Football League (CFL). He played college football for the Murray State Racers, where he was inducted into the Murray State University Athletic Hall of Fame in 2000 and his number 11 has been retired by the football program.
# Faroese Securities Market

Faroese Securities Market (Faroese: Virðisbrævamarknaður Føroya) is a stock exchange in the Faroe Islands that was founded in 2000; the technical operation of the market is done by the Iceland Stock Exchange. The market allows trading is Faroe Island stocks and bonds.
# Gorsky Uchastok

Gorsky Uchastok was a territorial-administrative unit (uchastok) of the Ingushskiy Okrug of the Terek Oblast of the Russian Empire. The area of the Gorsky Uchastok made up Dzheyrakhsky and part of the Sunzhensky Districts of Ingushetia.

## History

After the end of the Caucasian War, the military administration of the Caucasus was eliminated and in 1860, the entire territory of the North Caucasus was divided into the Stavropol Governate, Kuban, Terek and Dagestan oblasts. The Terek Oblast consisted of 8 districts (okrugs), one of which was Ingushskiy Okrug.
The Gorsky Uchastok was created and it was one of the four uchastoks making up the Ingushskiy Okrug. In 1866, the territory of the Meredzhi and Akkin societies was separated from the Gorskiy Uchastok of the Ingushskiy Okrug and subordinated to the administration of the Argunskiy Okrug.

## Administrative Division

Settlements of Gorskiy Uchastok: Dzheyrakh, Pamyat, Armkhi, Lyazhgi, Tsori, Khamkhi, Tumgi, Khuli, Egikhal, Bisht, Doshkhakle, Kyazi, Shoan, Salgi, Metskhal, Garkh, Furtoug, Kusht, Koshk Morch, Eban, Kerbete, Kharp, Beyni, Olgeti, Tsoli, Niy, Pyaling, Targim, Barkhane, Barakh, Leimi, Kart, Ozdik, Nilkh, Pui, Tsorkh, Kyakhk, Ersh, Ezmi, Kost, Nyakist, Hani, Gadaborsh, Torsh, Tori, Khay, Koli, Myashkhi, Vovnushki, Tsyzdy, Gul. In 1866, the settlements of Akki and parts of the Meredzhi societies — Yalkhoroy, Akki, Vilah, Kerete, Galanchozh, Kerbychi, Orzmikale, Vauge — were separated from the Gorsky section of the Ingushsky Okrug and attached to the Argunskiy Okrug.

## Demographics

As of 1868 census, the population of Gorsky Uchastok was 5763 (2915 men and 2848 women).
# Band brake

A band brake is a primary or secondary brake, consisting of a band of friction material that tightens concentrically around a cylindrical piece of equipment or train wheel to either prevent it from rotating (a static or "holding" brake), or to slow it (a dynamic brake).

## Uses

Band brakes were common on winch drums and chain saws and is also used for some bicycle brakes.
Band brakes were commonly used to control the winding drum on railway inclines that lowered loaded wagons while raising empty ones over a steep slope.
A former application was the locking of gear rings in epicyclic gearing. In modern automatic transmissions this task has been largely taken over by multiple-plate clutches or multiple-plate brakes.

## Features

A band brake is a flexible band which warps around part or all of the outside surface of a wheel or drum. One end of the band is anchored in place, while the other is attached to a lever. Pressing on the lever brings the band into contact with the surface of the wheel and the friction causes the wheel's rotation to slow.
Band brakes can be simple, compact, rugged, and can generate high force with a light input force. However, band brakes are prone to grabbing or chatter and loss of brake force when hot. These problems are inherent with the design and thus limit where band brakes are a good solution.

## Effectiveness

One way to describe the effectiveness of the brake is as $e^{\mu \theta }$, where $\mu$ is the coefficient of friction between band and drum, and $\theta$ is the angle of wrap. With a large $\mu \theta$, the brake is very effective and requires low input force to achieve high brake force, but is also very sensitive to changes in $\mu$. For example, light rust on the drum may cause the brake to "grab" or chatter, water may cause the brake to slip, and rising temperatures in braking may cause the coefficient of friction to drop slightly but in turn cause brake force to drop greatly. Using a band material with low $\mu$ increases the input force required to achieve a given brake force, but some low-$\mu$ materials also have more consistent $\mu$ across the range of working temperatures.
# Kieselstein Castle

Kieselstein Castle, also known as Khislstein, (Slovene: Grad Kieselstein / Khislstein) is a 13th-century castle in the city of Kranj, in the Upper Carniola region of Slovenia.
The castle stands at what was once a defensible point, guarding the city pier and crossing over the river Sava, and was predated on the site by a round 11th-century keep. The current structure was built in 1256 by the Counts of Ortenburg, by an arrangement with the lord of Kranj, Ulrich III, Duke of Carinthia. Until 1420, the tower was managed by their ministeriales or vassals, the knights von Chreinburch; in that year, it passed to Count Hermann II of Celje. During the period of Turkish incursions, the tower was incorporated into the city walls. After the extinction of the Counts of Celje in 1456, it was inherited by the Habsburgs, who sold it in the mid 16th century to Baron Hans Khiessl. Khiessl successfully petitioned Emperor Ferdinand I for the right to rename the castle after himself, and also expanded the tower into an L-shaped castle, giving it its present appearance.
The Khiessls soon sold the castle to Franz von Moscon; later owners included the Ravbar, Apfaltrer, Auersperg and finally Natalis Pagliaruzzi noble families. In 1913 the castle was purchased by the state. Between the world wars, it housed government offices; after World War II it was (somewhat redundantly) nationalized. In 1952, the building was renovated according to plans drawn up by the architect Jože Plečnik.
Today the renovated building houses the Kranj Municipal Agency for the Protection of Natural and Cultural Heritage, as well as the Upper Carniola Museum.

## Sources

* Kranj municipal site
* http://www.slosi.info/01gradovi/02podrobnejse/gorenjska/k-2/kiselstajn.php
* Satellite photo of castle
46°14′18.21″N 14°21′15.69″E﻿ / ﻿46.2383917°N 14.3543583°E﻿ / 46.2383917; 14.3543583
# Mader Moussayev

Mader Alasgar oghlu Moussayev (Azerbaijani: Madər Ələsgər oğlu Musayev; 26 November 1947 – 14 July 2023) was an Azerbaijani businessman and politician. An independent, he served in the National Assembly from 1995 to 2023.
Moussayev died on 14 July 2023, at the age of 75.