OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Yuriy Polyakov

Yuriy Sergeyevich Polyakov (Russian: Юрий Сергеевич Поляков, born September 3, 1980, in Moscow, Soviet Union) is a Russian-American scientist at Duality Technologies. He is best known for his work in cryptography (homomorphic encryption, lattice-based cryptography), chemical engineering (theory of filtration processes, mathematical modeling of chemical reactors), and physics (stochastic time series analysis).

## Biography

Polyakov wrote his first scientific paper when he was a freshman student at the Moscow State University of Environmental Engineering. In April 1998, he moved to the United States. Polyakov received a Bachelor of Science in computer information systems summa cum laude from Excelsior College in 2002 and Master of Science in computer science from New Jersey Institute of Technology in 2003, where he carried out scientific research in computer science and computational mathematics. In 2004, he defended his PhD dissertation in Chemical Engineering at the Moscow State University of Environmental Engineering. In 2006, Polyakov started scientific cooperation with Serge Timashev in the analysis of stochastic time series (Flicker-Noise Spectroscopy). In 2007, he defended the DSc dissertation in Physics and Mathematics at the Karpov Institute of Physical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia.

## Scientific achievements

Main results in chemical engineering include the development of a novel filtration process – depth membrane filtration, systematic study of nonuniform particle deposition on the inner and outer surfaces of ultrafiltration and microfiltration membranes, and mathematical modeling of coupled heat and mass transfer with chemical conversions. Main results in computer science and computational mathematics include the development of an approximate method for nonlinear differential and integrodifferential equations and development of a feedback algorithm for switch location with application to network design. Serge Timashev and Yuriy Polyakov developed a phenomenological theory for the analysis of natural time and space series with stochastically varying components, Flicker-Noise Spectroscopy, that may be used for problems such as the diagnosis of health conditions and earthquake prediction. Most significant results in cryptography include the development of efficient algorithms for homomorphic encryption and application of homomorphic encryption for privacy-preserving genomic analysis.

## Software

He is a co-author and project lead for the PALISADE open-source lattice cryptography software library. He is also a co-author of the Flicker-Noise Spectroscopy toolkit for time and space series analysis.

## Honors and awards

He received Moscow Mayor’s Young Scientist Award in 2005. Listed in multiple biographical reference books.
# George McMillan (baseball)

George A. McMillan (1863–1920) was a Canadian professional baseball player. He played ten games for the New York Giants of Major League Baseball's National League during the 1890 season.

## Sources

* Career statistics and player information from Baseball Reference, or Baseball Reference (Minors)
* This biographical article relating to a Canadian baseball outfielder is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# Antonio Spadavecchia

Antonio Emmanuelovich Spadavecchia (Russian: Антонио Эммануилович Спадавеккиа; born in Odessa on 3 June 1907 – died in Moscow on 7 February 1988) was a Soviet composer of Italian descent. He was awarded National Artist of the RSFSR in 1977.
He was promoted in cultural exchanges with other socialist countries after the Second World War, and his opera, The Gadfly, was the second Russian opera after Eugene Onegin to be performed at the Hanoi Opera in the 1960s.

## Recordings

* Daniil Shtoda (tenor) recorded an aria from The Gadfly in a recital for Delos Records in 2005.
# Awake iron!

Awake iron! (Catalan: Desperta Ferro!, IPA:; Medieval Aragonese: Desperta Ferres!) was a battle cry of the Middle Ages employed by the Almogavars. It was shouted on entering the fight, to frighten the enemy and invoke the presence of iron in the battle.
Other Almogaver war-cries were Aragó, Aragó!, Via Sus! Via Sus!, Sant Jordi! Sant Jordi!. However, of these Desperta Ferro! has emerged as the most famous, as it was unique to those forces. The cry was given as the Almogàvers struck their lances and darts with flints, causing sparks to fly up from the stones.
Nowadays, it is still used as a motto for the Spanish Army 6th Paratroopers Brigade "Almogávares".
# William II, Count of Besalú

William II (Catalan: Guillem II: died 1066/1070) was the Count of Besalú from 1052 until his death, co-reigning for a time with his brother, Bernard II. He is described as having an "angry and violent character", a "notoriously irascible" man. According to the twelfth-century Deeds of the Counts of Barcelona, he was nicknamed Trunnus (Catalan el Tro) because he wore a false nose, having presumably lost his nose in battle.
William was the eldest son and successor of William I "the Fat" and Adelaide. He married Stephanie, daughter of Count Geoffrey I of Provence. He had a son, Bernard III, and a daughter, Stephanie, who married Count Roger II of Foix.
William's reign was characterised by conflict with the church. He had to cede Bàscara to the bishopric of Girona. He associated his brother Bernard II, later his successor, with him as co-count. He was assassinated sometime between 1066 and 1070, and suspicion fell on his brother, who nonetheless succeeded to the county unopposed.

## Relations with Barcelona

Between 1054 and 1057, William formed an important alliance with Count Raymond Berengar I of Barcelona. This was probably initiated by Raymond, who was in a conflict with his influential grandmother, Ermessenda, and need allies.
On 11 September 1054, William attended a placitum (public court) in Barcelona. There he commended himself and swore an oath of fealty to Raymond, becoming his vassal for Besalú. This was supplemented by a written convention (convenientia) and three ancillary charters, in which William promised aid to Raymond and turned over the double castle of Finestres and the castle of Colltort, which had been granted to William's father by Raymond's father, Berengar Raymond I. William also promised that if he was wronged by anyone from the Raymond's counties of Barcelona, Girona or Osona, he would not take revenge, but would submit a complaint to Raymond and give him three months to obtain a judicial resolution. For this agreement to respect the peace of Raymond's counties, William pledged the castle of Finestres and La Guàrdia, with the castellans of the two castles standing as sureties to the agreement.
To seal the new alliance between Besalú and Barcelona, William agreed to marry Raymond Berengar's sister-in-law, Llúcia, daughter of Count Bernard I of La Marche. On 11 December 1054, William signed a scriptura dotis, a charter granting a dower to Llúcia. In accordance with the Liber iudiciorum, the Visigothic law still in effect in Catalonia, he granted Llúcia one tenth of all his possessions. That same day he also made what he called a scriptura donationis causa sponsalitii, a donation on the occasion of his betrothal, granting Llúcia the counties of Berga and Ripoll and all that pertained to them. This marriage never came to fruition.
In 1057, William and Raymond came to another agreement. This time William placed the castle of Colltort in pledge.
| Preceded byWilliam I | Count of Besalú 1052–1066/70 | Succeeded byBernard II |
# Alexander Fridlender

Alexander Grigoryevitch Fridlender (Russian: Александр Григорьевич Фридлендер; 2/15 July 1906 – 13 September 1980) was a Soviet composer, pianist and conductor, Professor at the Urals Mussorgsky State Conservatoire.

## Career

Fridlender was born in Saint Petersburg. He studied at the Leningrad Central Music College (1925–1929) and graduated from the Leningrad Conservatory in 1933. He then worked as the conductor of the Voronezh Radio Symphony Orchestra in 1934–1935, the Odessa Opera and Ballet Theater (1936). After that he moved to Sverdlovsk. He spent the rest of his life there. Fridlender conducted the orchestra of the Sverdlovsk State Philharmonic Hall (1939–1941, 1947–1974) and the State Academic Opera and Ballet Theatre (1943–1947). He taught at the Urals Mussorgsky State Conservatoire. He composed several operas, instrumental music such as suites, music for plays, songs.

## Selected compositions

* 1941: The Mountain Fairy Tale (Russian: Горная сказка, romanized: Gornaja skazka), a ballet based on "The Mistress of the Copper Mountain".
* 1944: The Stone Flower, a ballet based on the story of the same name.
* 1958: Without a Dowry (Russian: Бесприданница, romanized: Bespridannitsa), a ballet based on the play of the same name.
* 1962: Snow (Russian: Снег, romanized: Sneg), a ballet
* 1966: Zoya (Russian: Зоя), a choreographic poem
* 1967: Petersburgers (Russian: Питерцы, romanized: Pitertsy), an opera based on the poem by Olga Bergholz.
* 1970: The Cake in the Sky (Russian: Торт в небе, romanized: Tort v nebe), a comedy opera based on the story by Gianni Rodari La torta in cielo.
* 1977: Lieutenant Lermontov (Russian: Поручик Лермонтов, romanized: Poruchik Lermontov), a choreographic poem
# Middle America Trench

The Middle America Trench is a major subduction zone, an oceanic trench in the eastern Pacific Ocean off the southwestern coast of Middle America, stretching from central Mexico to Costa Rica. The trench is 1,700 miles (2,750 km) long and is 21,880 feet (6,669 m) at its deepest point. The trench is the boundary between the Rivera, Cocos, and Nazca plates on one side and the North American and Caribbean plates on the other. It is the 18th-deepest trench in the world. Many large earthquakes have occurred in the area of the Middle America Trench.

## Division

The Middle America Trench can be divided into a northern and a southern section. The division, however, is not the same in its seaward side and its landward side. In the seaward side, the northern section, called the Acapulco Trench, runs from Jalisco to the Tehuantepec Ridge, and the southern section, called the Guatemala Trench, runs from the Tehuantepec Ridge to the Cocos Ridge. On the landward side, the division is demarcated along the Polochic-Motagua fault system (see Motagua Fault), the boundary between the North American plate and the Caribbean plate. The dividing point in the landward side is about 400 km east of that in the seaward side.
# Christina Ashcroft

Christina Ashcroft (born 28 June, 1964) is a Canadian sport shooter.
Ashcroft participated in the Summer Olympics in 1984, 1988 and 1992.
She participated at the 1994 Commonwealth Games winning a gold medal in the 50m rifle, three positions pairs event and bronze medals in the 10m Air Rifle pairs, 50m Rifle 3 Position individual and 50m Rifle Prone pairs events. Ashcroft also won two gold medals in the 10m Air Rifle pairs and 50m Rifle 3 Position pairs events and a silver medal in the 50m Rifle Prone pairs event at the 1998 Commonwealth Games.
She won a silver medal at the 1991 Pan American Games in the Small Bore 50 metre rifle prone event and a bronze at the 1999 Pan American Games in the 50 metre rifle, three positions event.
# Terentius (dux)

Terentius was an Eastern Roman military commander whose recorded career flourished in the Caucasus region c. 369–374. He served the Roman Emperor Valens as comes rei militaris (military commander), most notably in the East.
Terentius first appears as dux in undated tiles from Aquincum and Brigetio. He is next mentioned as comes and dux, being in command of the expedition that reinstated Pap as king of Armenia in 370. That same year, with twelve legions Terentius helped Sauromaces to reclaim the throne of Iberia from Aspacures, Sauromaces' cousin and a Sasanian client. In 373 or 374 Terentius urged the emperor Valens to replace Pap with a more amenable person in order to prevent Armenia from falling into Sasanian hands and, subsequently, lost Pap's confidence. In 375, Terentius appears retired and residing at Antioch. It is not clear whether Terentius is the same commander mentioned in 373 as attacking the Albanians and Iberians.
Terentius was a devoted Christian. When asked by Valens what reward he would choose for his services, Terentius requested—to the emperor's ire—that a church be given for the use of the orthodox Christians. His daughters were nuns at Samosata.
# Gangster World

Gangster World (alternatively titled The Outsider for its video release) is a 1997 made-for-TV science fiction film directed by David Bishop and written by Patrick Highsmith and Evan Spiliotopoulos. It was about a futuristic theme park in which people interact with androids in violent (and sometimes sexual) gangster-style scenarios. Despite the title and premise, it is unconnected with the film Westworld.
In 1998, a DVD was released of the film.

## Cast

* Xavier Declie as The Outsider
* Gabriel Dell Jr. as Garland Widmark
* Bridget Flanery as Lita Hayworth
* Stacey Williams as Astor
* David Leisure as Dr. Greenstreet
* Lindsey Ginter as Alan Houston
* Julia Dahl as Claire Arden
* Jerry Doyle as Rains
* Willy Leong as Lorre
* Randy Kovitz as Mason
* Bob Koherr as Rath
* Glenn Takakjian as Bone
* Jerry Spicer as Ladd
* Gail Thackray as Wubba Wubba Girl
* Michael Edwards as Frat Boy #1
* Paul Dallas as Frat Boy #2
* Jodie Fisher as Housewife
# Valery Popov (writer)

Valery Georgievich Popov (Russian: Валерий Георгиевич Попов) (born December 8, 1939) is a Russian writer, "one of the leading representatives of the Leningrad school of fiction." He has written about twenty books for adults and children as well as poems and screenplays.
Born in Kazan into the family of a biologist, he graduated from Saint Petersburg State Electrotechnical University in 1963 and worked as an engineer until 1969; in 1970 he graduated from the Gerasimov Institute of Cinematography. His first story was published in 1963 and his first collection, Yuzhnee, chem prezhde ("Further south than before") in 1969. During this period he was, along with Sergei Dovlatov, in a "group of aspiring young writers called Gorozhane (The Townsmen) — a group that included Vladimir Maramzin, Valery Popov, Boris Vakhtin, and Igor Yefimov." Jekaterina Young writes of these early stories:
   The emphasis is upon the narrator's complex reactions and the construction of a world that is unusual and even absurd. The events narrated appear random; the author is not concerned to tell a story about a specific character. He is more interested in the intonation and rhythmic precision of his stories, almost all of which are first-person narratives.
His later works, "depicting surreal post-Soviet life, such as Days in the Harem (1994) and She-rascal (1996), utilize elements of the picaresque novel." He has also written a biography (2010) of his friend Dovlatov.
# Kamanda Mahadev

Kamanda Mahadev or Kamadeshwar Mandir (Hindi: कामंदा महादेव / काम्देश्वर महादेव) is one of the temples of Lord Shiva, located at a distance of 2 kilometres north of Satpuli in the Pauri Garhwal district of Uttarakhand, India.
* This article about an Indian Hindu place of worship is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# Waringstown

Waringstown (Irish: Baile an Bhairínigh) is a large village in County Down, Northern Ireland. It lies southeast of Lurgan, within the parish of Donaghcloney, and the barony of Iveagh Lower, Lower Half. In the 2011 Census it had a population of 3,683 people. Over the years, the village has been bestowed numerous awards, including "Best Kept Small Town" for its floral displays and pleasant appearance.

## History

The area of Waringstown was formerly part of the district of Clanconnell, which was within the Gaelic territory of Iveagh. After the Irish Confederate Wars, in which the sons of Glasney McAgholy Magennis of Clanconnell took part, their lands were confiscated by the English and shared among the Cromwellian soldiers in lieu of pay. By 1659, the area had been sold to Englishman William Waring, who built a fortified house on the site of an old fort. The weaving village of Waringstown developed under the auspices of William Waring and his descendants. Waring's son, Samuel, brought Flemish weavers to the village, building Huguenot style cottages for them, some of which survive today. In the past, the village was renowned for its handloom damask weaving. The industrial focus was at the southern end of the town, where brewing, linen-weaving, and cambric and clothing manufacture were formerly carried out and where some substantial 18th century and 19th century industrial buildings still exist.
On 20 December 1990—during the Troubles—Wilfred Wethers (46), a Protestant off duty Royal Ulster Constabulary (RUC) officer, was shot and killed by an Irish Republican Army (IRA) sniper while driving his car in Waringstown.

## Cricket

The village has, over the years, been associated with the sport of cricket, something that has been attributed to the area's planters being predominantly from the North of England. The local team, Waringstown Cricket Club, has achieved some success in the NCU Senior League, playing its home matches at The Lawn. The club was established in 1851, by a member of the Waring family, and its ground was also donated by the family. The popularity of the sport in the village and its influence elsewhere has led to it being dubbed "The Home of Cricket in Ulster". The neighbouring village of Donaghcloney has a similar heritage in the sport.

## Education

* Waringstown Primary School

## Demography

On Census Day (27 March 2011) Waringstown had a population of 3,683 people, an increase of 45.6% on the Census 2001 figure of 2,529. Of these:
* 22.4% were aged under 16 years and 11.51% were aged 65 and over
* 49.69% of the population were male and 50.31% were female
* 84.14% were from a Protestant or other Christian background and 8.85% were from a Catholic background
* 2.79% of people aged 16–74 were unemployed
# Hossein Charkhabi

Hossein Charkhabi (Persian: حسین چرخابی; born September 23, 1950) is an Iranian football coach.
# Hart 1030 engine

The Hart 1030 is a four-stroke, naturally aspirated, 3.0-litre, V10 racing engine, designed, developed and tuned by Brian Hart of Hart Racing Engines, between 1998 and 1999. It was the last engine to be tuned and made by Hart, and the last engine to use design knowledge and technological property of Hart Racing Engines. It produced 700–715 hp (522–533 kW), and was used solely by the Arrows team, but proved to be unsuccessful. The best results for the engine were a 4-6 finish at Monaco for Mika Salo and Pedro Diniz (respectively), a 5th-place finish for Pedro Diniz at infamous rain-soaked Belgian Grand Prix, and a 6th-place finish for Pedro de la Rosa at Australia, in 1999.

## Applications

* Arrows A19
* Arrows A20
# Michelle Ruthven

Michelle Ruthven (née McKendry, born 18 June 1967) is a Canadian former alpine skier who competed in the 1988 Winter Olympics, 1992 Winter Olympics, and 1994 Winter Olympics.
In the January 1994 World Cup downhill in Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany, Ruthven came in third in a race where skier Ulrike Maier died.
# Virče

Virče (Macedonian: Вирче) is a village in the municipality of Delčevo, North Macedonia.

## Demographics

According to the 2002 census, the village had a total of 498 inhabitants. Ethnic groups in the village include:
* Macedonians 496
* Serbs 1
* Others 1
# Eslamabad-e Yek

Eslamabad-e Yek (Persian: اسلام آباديك or اسلام اباديك) may refer to:
* Eslamabad-e Yek, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari
* Eslamabad-e Yek, Kerman
# Maleki

Maleki (Persian: ملكي) may refer to:

## Places

* Malaki, Hormozgan
* Maleki, Khuzestan
* Maleki, Sistan and Baluchestan
* Maleki, South Khorasan

## Other uses

* Maleki (surname)
* Meleke, architectural term
# Fruit Heights, Utah

Fruit Heights is a city in eastern Davis County, Utah, United States. It is part of the Ogden–Clearfield, Utah Metropolitan Statistical Area. It lies along the Wasatch Front adjacent to the larger cities of Farmington and Kaysville. Its population was 4,987 at the 2010 census, with an estimated population of 6,234 in 2018.

## Geography

Fruit Heights is bordered by the city of Kaysville to the north and west, the city of Farmington to the south and the Wasatch Range to the east. According to the United States Census Bureau, Fruit Heights has a total area of 2.3 square miles (5.9 km$^2$), of which 0.01 square miles (0.02 km$^2$), or 0.42%, is water.

## Demographics

As of 2010, the total population of Fruit Heights was 4,987, which is 6.08% more than it was in 2000. There are 1,466 households and 1,285 families residing in the city. The population density was 2,184.73 people per square mile (843.53 people/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the city was 95.79% White, 0.52% African American, 0.48% Native American, 1.22% Asian, 0.84% from other races, and 1.14% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.11% of the population.
There were 1,256 households, out of which 48.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 81.5% were married couples living together, 5.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 10.8% were non-families. 9.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 5.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.74, and the average family size was 4.02.
In the city, the population was spread out, with 35.1% under 18, 12.3% from 18 to 24, 20.2% from 25 to 44, 24.2% from 45 to 64, and 8.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 29 years. For every 100 females, there were 99.4 males. For every 100 females aged 18 and over, there were 98.7 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $79,192, and the median income for a family was $82,459. Males had a median income of $62,930 versus $26,042 for females. The per capita income was $24,188. About 0.5% of families and 0.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 1.1% of those under age 18 and none of those age 65 or over.
# S. E. Runganadhan

Dewan Bahadur Sir Samuel Ebenezer Runganadhan (also Ranganathan; 30 December 1877 – 7 November 1966) was an Indian educationist who served successively as Vice-Chancellor of Annamalai University and Madras University and as the last High Commissioner for India from 1943 to 1947.

## Life

Runganadhan was born to Reverend C. Runganadhan of the London Missionary Society. In 1908, he entered the Madras Provincial Educational Service. Later he was promoted to the Indian Educational Service in 1921, which had hitherto been mainly reserved for British educationists. He married Leila Rau, daughter of K. Krishna Rau of Madras, and had a son and a daughter. From 1929 to 1935, he served as Vice-Chancellor of Annamalai University. He was a delegate to the Congress of the Universities of the Empire, held in Edinburgh in 1931. Subsequently, he was appointed the Vice-Chancellor of Madras University from 1937 to 1940. He was president of the Indian Christian Association of Madras and vice-president of the All-India Christian Conference. In 1938, he was elected a member of the upper house of the Legislative Council of the Madras Presidency, serving until 1940, when he became the adviser to the Secretary of State for India. In 1938-1939, he was the Chairman of the Inter-Universities Board of India.
Conferred the title of Diwan Bahadur in 1937, Runganadhan was knighted in the 1943 New Year Honours list and appointed the last High Commissioner for India in May 1943. During his tenure as High Commissioner, he raised £40,000 to aid victims of the Bengal Famine. He was a delegate to the Conference of the Institute of Pacific Relations in December 1942, and the leader of the Indian delegations to the 1945 International Labour Conference (Paris), the 1946 Conference (Montreal) and to the Paris Peace Conference in 1946, signing the peace treaties on behalf of India. He retired as High Commissioner in April 1947, shortly before Indian independence, and died in Bangalore, aged 88.