OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Jean-Pierre Néraudau

Jean-Pierre Néraudau (30 January 1940 – 20 December 1998) was a 20th-century French writer and professor of Latin literature.

## Biography

The son of an officer in the French army, he studied in Dijon, where his family had settled in 1946. Agrégé of letters in 1964, he was named a high school teacher in Chartres where he remained until 1967.
Appointed a lecturer at the Sorbonne in 1968, he began a thesis on Roman youth during the Republican era, led by Jacques Heurgon. From 1974 to 1990 he was treasurer of the "Société des Études Latines".
He was a professor at Aix-en-Provence from 1979 to 1988 and then at the University of Reims, where he founded the association "Auspex" and the "Centre de Recherche sur les classicismes antiques et modernes" (with professor Georges Forestier [fr]), which became the "Centre de Recherche sur la Transmission des Modèles Littéraires et Esthétiques" after his departure. He was, among many others, Xavier Darcos's thesis director. He was then a professor at the University of Paris III: Sorbonne Nouvelle.
As a novelist, Jean-Pierre Néraudau published Les Louves du Palatin (Paris, Les Belles Lettres, 1981), Le Mystère du jardin romain (Les Belles Lettres, 1992) and Le Prince posthume.

## Publications

* 1978: L’Art romain, Que sais-je ?, Paris, Presses Universitaires de France
* 1979: La Jeunesse dans la littérature et les institutions de la Rome républicaine, Les Belles Lettres, ISBN 2-251-32826-2
* 1983: Urbanisme et Métamorphoses de la Rome antique, in collaboration with L. Duret, coll. Realia, Les Belles Lettres
* 1984: Être enfant à Rome, coll. Realia, Les Belles Lettres
* 1985: Dictionnaire d’histoire de l’art, Presses Universitaires de France
* 1985: Versailles, l’âme du parc, in collaboration with Jacques de Givry, Paris, les Éditions Sous le vent/Vilo
* 1986: L’Olympe du Roi-Soleil. Mythologie et idéologie royale au Grand Siècle, Les Belles Lettres.
* 1988: Les Louves du Palatin, Les Belles Lettres
* 1989: Ovide, ou les dissidences du poète, Paris, Les InterUniversitaires
* 1992: Le Mystère du jardin romain (detective novel), Les Belles Lettres, 1992.
* 1992: Edition présentée et annotée par Jean-Pierre Neraudau, translation by Georges Lafaye: Ovid, Les Métamorphoses, Éditions Gallimard, collection folio classique
* 1994: La Littérature latine, I, l’époque républicaine, Paris, Hachette, coll. les Fondamentaux
* 1996: Auguste, la brique et le marbre, Les Belles Lettres
* 2000: La Littérature latine, Paris, Hachette, coll. Langues et civilisations anciennes

### Posthumous publications

* 1999: « La Poésie antique », in La Poésie,collective work under the direction of Y. Bellenger, Paris, Bréal, 11 to 47.
* March 2000 « Le Désir et les métamorphoses », in Carnets de Lille, Institut du champ freudien, 181 to 194.
* 1999: « Lettres d’amour, « Les Héroïdes » » d’Ovide, presentation and notes, Gallimard, Folio Classiques
* 2000: Le Prince posthume suivi de les Fils d’Arachné, Les Belles Lettres
# Harshavarman II

Harshavarman II (Khmer: ហស៌វរ្ម័នទី២) was an Angkorian king who ruled from 941 to 944. He succeeded his father in 941; however, his reign at Koh Ker was brief and "characterized by conflict".$^{:73}$ His cousin, Rajendravarman II, wrestled the power away from him and moved the capital back to Yashodharapura. He died in 944 and received the posthumous name of Brahmaloka.$^{:115}$
# Herman of Solovki

Herman of Solovki (Russian: Герман Соловецкий; died 1479) was a Russian hermit. He was one of the founders of the Solovetsky Monastery. In total, he lived in Solovetsky Islands, at the time, the most remote location, for about 50 years.

## Life

In 1429, Herman, who was presumably of Karelian origin, met a monk, Sabbatius, who previously settled near a chapel on the Vyg River. They were both looking for a desolate place, to avoid the crowds. They sailed together to Solovetsky Islands, where they lived as hermits. In 1435 Savvatiy died, and Herman returned to the continent, where in 1436 he met Zosima. Together with Zosima, he returned to the islands, and, when eventually the monks started to arrive there, Solovetsky Monastery was founded. Zosima eventually became the hegumen of the monastery, which was subordinate to the Eparchy of Novgorod.
In 1479, after the death of Zosima, the new hegumen, Arseniy, sent Herman to Novgorod. Herman died in Novgorod at the same year, and his relics were to be moved back to Solovetsky Monastery. However, the monks did not manage to do it during the season, and buried Herman on Svir River. In 1484, the relics were transferred to Solovetsky Monastery.
Since 1692, Herman has been venerated as a saint by the Russian Orthodox Church. His feast days are O.S. 30 July (12 August) and O.S. 8 (21) August (translation of the relics).
# Ahmad Nasir

Ahmad Nasir Lal (born 1963) is an Afghan former wrestler. He competed at the 1988 Summer Olympic Games in the flyweight event.
# Kalangi

Kalangi (Persian: كلنگي, also Romanized as Kalangī and Kelengī) is a village in Sirik Rural District, Byaban District, Minab County, Hormozgan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 108, in 15 families.
# Vladimir Bunchikov

Vladimir Bunchikov (Russian: Владимир Бунчиков; 21 November 1902, Yekaterinoslav – 17 March 1995, Moscow) was a Soviet baritone and Honoured Artist of Russia (1944). In Simferopol he was a scenery operator at the Drama Theatre. After graduating from the Dnepropetrovsk Music College, he studied in Leningrad. From 1929 he was a soloist at the Opera in Dnepropetrovsk, and from 1931 at the Nemirovicha-Danchenko Musical Theatre in Moscow.
From 1934, he recorded songs. With V. Kandelaki he sang jazz, and he sang with the popular orchestra directed by B. Knushevitsky, and with the Alexandrov Ensemble directed by Boris Alexandrov on All-Union Radio. His main repertoire was the songs of Soviet composers. From 1942 to 1967 he was a soloist of the All-Union Radio. For 25 years he performed fine duets with the lyric tenor Vladimir Nechaev (1908–1969) whom he had met during World War II.
With the Ensemble of the All-Union Radio Committee under Boris Alexandrov he recorded "Evening in the Roadstead"/"Night on the Road" duet with P. Mikhailov (recorded 1942) . This is a baritone-tenor duet, and the choir includes women sopranos. He also recorded "Nightingales" in the 1940s as a baritone-tenor duet with Georgi Pavlovich Vinogradov, "It's a Long Time Since We Were Home" duet with V. Nechaev.
# Konstantin Rudenko

Konstantin Valerievich Rudenko (Russian: Константин Валерьевич Руде́нко; born 23 July 1981) is a former Kazakhstani-Russian professional ice hockey winger who played in the Russian Superleague and Kontinental Hockey League (KHL). He was selected by the Philadelphia Flyers in the 6th round (160th overall) of the 1999 NHL Entry Draft.

## Playing career

Rudenko has spent 13 seasons playing in Russia. After his initial season with SKA Saint Petersburg in 1999–2000, where he posted one goal and one assist in 20 games, Rudenko joined with Lokomotiv Yaroslavl. The winger spent 11 seasons with the team registering 64 goals and 96 assists in 350 games for club, as he was part of the 2002 and 2003 Russian Superleague Championship teams.
Luckily for Rudenko, he signed with Atlant Moscow Oblast in July 2011, two months before the 2011 Lokomotiv Yaroslavl plane crash. In his lone season with Atlant, Rudenko had five goals and six assists in 35 contests. In July 2012 he signed a contract with Barys Astana.

## Career statistics

| | | | Regular season | Regular season | Regular season | Regular season | Regular season | Playoffs | Playoffs | Playoffs | Playoffs | Playoffs |
| Season | Team | League | GP | G | A | Pts | PIM | GP | G | A | Pts | PIM |
| 1999–00 | SKA Saint Petersburg | RSL | 20 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 8 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 2000–01 | Lokomotiv Yaroslavl | RSL | 18 | 2 | 3 | 5 | 28 | 9 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 8 |
| 2001–02 | Lokomotiv Yaroslavl | RSL | 8 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 12 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 2002–03 | Lokomotiv Yaroslavl | RSL | 20 | 3 | 4 | 7 | 20 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 2003–04 | Lokomotiv Yaroslavl | RSL | 43 | 10 | 12 | 22 | 18 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 2004–05 | Lokomotiv Yaroslavl | RSL | 21 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 8 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 2005–06 | Lokomotiv Yaroslavl | RSL | 49 | 11 | 17 | 28 | 55 | 11 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 0 |
| 2006–07 | Lokomotiv Yaroslavl | RSL | 35 | 11 | 8 | 19 | 30 | 7 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 6 |
| 2007–08 | Lokomotiv Yaroslavl | RSL | 46 | 6 | 16 | 22 | 28 | 7 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 8 |
| 2008–09 | Lokomotiv Yaroslavl | KHL | 48 | 10 | 18 | 28 | 26 | 19 | 4 | 8 | 12 | 24 |
| 2009–10 | Lokomotiv Yaroslavl | KHL | 31 | 3 | 7 | 10 | 4 | 17 | 5 | 6 | 11 | 24 |
| 2010–11 | Lokomotiv Yaroslavl | KHL | 31 | 7 | 11 | 18 | 24 | 11 | 0 | 4 | 4 | 0 |
| 2011–12 | Atlant Moscow Oblast | KHL | 33 | 5 | 6 | 11 | 19 | 11 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 6 |
| 2012–13 | Barys Astana | KHL | 47 | 14 | 17 | 31 | 65 | 7 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 0 |
| 2013–14 | Barys Astana | KHL | 51 | 9 | 18 | 27 | 32 | 10 | 3 | 5 | 8 | 8 |
| 2014–15 | Barys Astana | KHL | 60 | 9 | 13 | 22 | 92 | 7 | 1 | 3 | 4 | 6 |
| 2015–16 | Barys Astana | KHL | 13 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 2 | – | – | – | – | – |
| RSL totals | RSL totals | RSL totals | 260 | 45 | 63 | 108 | 207 | 43 | 5 | 6 | 11 | 22 |
| KHL totals | KHL totals | KHL totals | 314 | 58 | 92 | 150 | 264 | 82 | 14 | 29 | 43 | 68 |
# Erkliğ Han

Erkliğ Han is the deity of space in Turkic and Altai mythology. He is responsible for stars, meteorites and celestial objects, and also associated with virility. Erkliğ means "strong".
In Tengrism, he is the lord of the planet Venus. According to the belief, Erkliğ Han is responsible for falling stars in the sky. These are called fiery arrows. He is also associated with the disappearing of stars during the rise of the sun by "killing" them.
Due to similarity to the name Erlik, some scholars confuse Erkliğ with Erlik, the lord of the underworld.

## Citations

* ↑ Türk Söylence Sözlüğü, Deniz Karakurt, Türkiye, 2011 (OTRS: CC BY-SA 3.0) "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original on 27 December 2019. Retrieved 30 July 2023.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
* ↑ EMEL, E. S. İ. N. Kotuz. Erdem, 1. Jg., Nr. 1, S. 125-146.
* ↑ User, Hatice Şirin. "Čolpan ‘The Planet Venus’ in Turkic." Studia Etymologica Cracoviensia (SEC) 19.3 (2014): 169-178.
# Landavran

Landavran (French pronunciation:; Breton: Landavran) is a commune in the Ille-et-Vilaine department of Brittany in northwestern France.

## Population

Inhabitants of Landavran are called Landavranais in French.
# Gertrud Stallinger

Gertrud Stallinger (born 23 November 1967) ) is a former Austrian international football player who played Bayern Munich, and also played on the Austrian national team between 1990 and 2005.

## International career

Gertrud Stallinger was the second highest goal scorer for the Austrian women's national team with 30 goals in 56 appearances.

## Honours

Union Kleinmünchen
* 8 Austrian Leagues (1990 — 1994, 1996, 1998, 1999)
* 6 Austrian Cups (1991, 1993, 1995, 1996, 1998, 1999)
# Dezvand-e Sofla

Dezavand-e Sofla (Persian: دزوندسفلي, also Romanized as Dezvand-e Soflá; also known as Dezāvand-e Pā’īn, Dezāvand-e Soflá, Dezeh Vand, Dezvand-e Pā’īn, Dīzawān, and Dīzeh Vand) is a village in Zherizhah Rural District, in the Central District of Sarvabad County, Kurdistan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 75, in 21 families. The village is populated by Kurds.
# Junior Raglin

Alvin "Junior" Raglin (March 16, 1917 - November 10, 1955) was an American swing jazz double-bassist.
Raglin started out on guitar but had picked up bass by the mid-1930s. He played with Eugene Coy [de] from 1938 to 1941 in Oregon, and then joined Duke Ellington's Orchestra, where he replaced Jimmy Blanton. Raglin remained in Ellington's employ from 1941 to 1945.
After leaving Ellington's orchestra, Raglin led his own quartet, and also played with Dave Rivera, Ella Fitzgerald, and Al Hibbler. He briefly returned to perform with Ellington in 1946 and 1955. Raglin fell ill in the late 1940s and quit performing; he died in 1955 at age 38. He never recorded as a leader.
# Louise Granberg

Louise Elisabeth Granberg (29 October 1812 – 28 December 1907), was a Swedish playwright, translator and theatre director.
Granberg was born in Stockholm, the daughter of the actor and writer Per Adolf Granberg and Jeanetta Vilhelmina Hedmansson. She was the sister of the playwright Jeanette Granberg (1825–1857). From 1849 forward, she translated and wrote plays, sometimes jointly with her sister, under used the pseudonym Carl Blink.
During the season 1860–61, her play Johan Fredman was staged at Mindre teatern in Stockholm. Tvänne ringar was first performed at the Mindre teatern in 1861 and Familjen Mohrin premiered at the Nya theatre in 1876.
In 1861, she married Edvard Stjernström, founder of the Swedish Theatre (Stockholm) and the widower of her sister. From 1877–1880, she was the "very able" director of the theatre.
Louise Granberg died in Stockholm in 1907. She was then 95 years old.
# Adam Bahdaj

Adam Bahdaj (1918–1985) was a Polish translator and writer.
* This article about a Polish writer or poet is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
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# Amlak-e Galikash

Amlak-e Galikash (Persian: املاك گاليكش, also Romanized as Āmlāḵ-e Gālīḵash; also known as Amlāk) is a village in Yanqaq Rural District in the Central District of Galikash County, Golestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 480, in 104 families.
# Thomas Nash

Thomas or Tom Nash may also refer to:
* Thomas Nash (relative of Shakespeare) (1593–1647), a relative of William Shakespeare's
* Thomas Nash (RAF officer) (1891–1918), World War I flying ace
* Thomas Nash (Newfoundland) (1730–1810), fisherman and settler in Newfoundland
* Tom Nash (American football) (1905–1972), American football player
* Tom Nash, professional wrestler and first husband of Luna Vachon
* Tom Nash (Home and Away), a character from an Australian soap opera
* Thomas Nash, a character from the ABC television show Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.
* Thomas Hawkes Nash III (1945–), American lichenologist
# Ovid C. Lewis

Ovid C. Lewis (August 6, 1932 – January 26, 2011) was an American academic, and was the fourth president of Nova Southeastern University. Lewis graduated from Duke University and Yale University. He became the President of Nova Southeastern University in 1994 and was president until 1997.
# Flash smelting

Flash smelting (Finnish: Liekkisulatus, literally "flame-smelting") is a smelting process for sulfur-containing ores including chalcopyrite. The process was developed by Outokumpu in Finland and first applied at the Harjavalta plant in 1949 for smelting copper ore. It has also been adapted for nickel and lead production.
A second flash smelting system was developed by the International Nickel Company ('INCO') and has a different concentrate feed design compared to the Outokumpu flash furnace. The Inco flash furnace has end-wall concentrate injection burners and a central waste gas off-take, while the Outokumpu flash furnace has a water-cooled reaction shaft at one end of the vessel and a waste gas off-take at the other end. While the INCO flash furnace at Sudbury was the first commercial use of oxygen flash smelting, fewer smelters use the INCO flash furnace than the Outokumpu flash furnace.
Flash smelting with oxygen-enriched air (the 'reaction gas') makes use of the energy contained in the concentrate to supply most of the energy required by the furnaces. The concentrate must be dried before it is injected into the furnaces and, in the case of the Outokumpu process, some of the furnaces use an optional heater to warm the reaction gas typically to 100–450 °C.
The reactions in the flash smelting furnaces produce copper matte, iron oxides and sulfur dioxide. The reacted particles fall into a bath at the bottom of the furnace, where the iron oxides react with fluxes, such as silica and limestone, to form a slag.
In most cases, the slag can be discarded, perhaps after some cleaning, and the matte is further treated in converters to produce blister copper. In some cases where the flash furnaces are fed with concentrate containing a sufficiently high copper content, the concentrate is converted directly to blister in a single Outokumpu furnace and further converting is unnecessary.
The sulfur dioxide produced by flash smelting is typically captured in a sulfuric acid plant, removing the major environmental effect of smelting.
Outotec, formerly the technology division of Outokumpu, now holds Outokumpu's patents to the technology and licenses it worldwide.
INCO was acquired by Brazil's Vale in 2006.
* Outokumpu flash furnace, mainly designed for copper smelting
* Inco flash furnace, mainly designed for nickel smelting (also efficient for copper smelting)
* Kivcet flash furnace, mainly designed for lead smelting (also efficient for copper and zinc smelting)
# Intelligence Division (Finland)

60°09′51″N 24°56′59″E﻿ / ﻿60.1641782°N 24.9496668°E﻿ / 60.1641782; 24.9496668
The Intelligence Division of Defence Command (Finnish: Pääesikunnan tiedusteluosasto, PE TIEDOS; Fenno-Swedish: Huvudstabens underrättelseavdelning) is the unit in charge of Finnish military intelligence. Operational since the creation of the Finnish Defence Forces, its responsibility as a military intelligence service is to support the defence of Finland through information gathering and analysis with the Finnish Defence Intelligence Agency under its command.
The division's predecessors have been organized within Defence Command of the Finnish Defence Forces under multiple names and configurations—partly to conceal covert operations. The first iteration, the Information Office, was created in 1918 at the start of the Finnish Civil War.

## Function

The Intelligence Division is self-statedly in charge of military intelligence in the Defence Forces and responsible for the use of intelligence capabilities. Its tasks include monitoring changes in the security environment, providing early warning of military and external threats, and counter-intelligence—similar to the tasks its predecessors have performed. In a 2014 interview, Chief of Intelligence, then Brigadier General Harri Ohra-aho stated that the military gathers information according to Finnish and host country legislation with signals (SIGINT), imagery (IMINT), geospatial (GEOINT) and open-source intelligence (OSINT) as well as through military attachés.
Most information regarding the division or its predecessors is not public per Finnish law.

## History

On 11 February 1918, in the early stages of the Finnish Civil War, commander-in-chief of White Finland's military, General Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim, appointed Lieutenant Isak Alfthan to command the Information Office (Finnish: Tietotoimisto) of Mannerheim's headquarters and start gathering military intelligence on the civil war enemy Red Finland as well as on Russian units.
During the Continuation War and Lapland War, Intelligence Division was in charge of directing the four long-range reconnaissance patrol detachments (Finnish: kaukopartio-osastot), intended to assault assets as well as disrupt supply and communications behind enemy lines. In July 1943, the detachments were reorganized as companies within Detached Battalion 4, commanded by the Intelligence Division. The units conducted around 350 long-range reconnaissance patrols during wartime. Utti Jaeger Regiment was established de facto in 1962 to mimic the special operations of Detached Battalion 4.
# Julius Braathe

Julius "Jul" Braathe (4 March 1877 – 8 July 1914) was a Norwegian rifle shooter who competed in the early 20th century. Braathe won the gold medal with the Norwegian 300 metre free rifle team at the 1908 Summer Olympics in London. He also competed at the 1906 Intercalated Games and the 1912 Summer Olympics. He died in a drowning accident, 37 years old.
# Anatole Kitain

Anatole Kitain (Russian: Анатолий Китаин; 17 September 1903 – 30 July 1980) was a Russian classical pianist.

## Early life

Anatole Kitain was born in Saint Petersburg into a family of professional musicians. His brothers, Robert and Boris, were violinists, and his brother Alexander was a pianist. He showed early promise, performing his own nocturne for the astonished Glazunov at the age of six. He began his studies in the Petersburg Conservatoire, but the political instability of the time led his family to move to Kiev, where he studied in the conservatoire with Sergei Tarnowsky. (Other pianists studying at the Kiev Conservatory at that time included Vladimir Horowitz, Alexander Uninsky and Alexander Brailowsky). In time, Kitain became the private pupil of Felix Blumenfeld, whose few private pupils also included Simon Barere and Horowitz.

## Flight

Fleeing Russia in 1923 with his family, Kitain was a prize winner in the first Franz Liszt Competition in Budapest (the competition was won by Annie Fischer). Kitain settled in France, but the outbreak of the second world war prompted him to move to the United States. However, success eluded him there. In what seems to have been an attempt to make a fresh start, he changed his name in 1944 to Alexander Karinoff, but reverted to his own name two years later. Despite a certain amount of critical success, he remained overshadowed by the ubiquitous figure of his former classmate, Horowitz.

## Recordings

He made several LP recordings in the US, one with his brother Robert, and gave his last concert on 22 October 1963. He died at Orange, New Jersey in 1980.
Of his European recordings, only those made for Columbia survive. They show a pianist of consummate technique and musicality, bearing many resemblances to his exact contemporaries, Horowitz and Barere. It is curious that while the two latter went on to become household names, Kitain died in obscurity.
Reviewing the album "Anatole Kitain - The Complete Columbia Recordings 1936-39", Classic CD magazine wrote: On the evidence of these 26 titles, lovingly remastered in almost uniformly remarkable sound, here is one of the major pianists of the century... I would definitely put this important release into my Top Fifty All-time Great Piano recordings without a doubt.
This album, "The Complete Columbia Recordings, 1936-1939" is available once again (APR Records, CD, catalogue number APR6017). See the review by Jeremy Nicholas in Gramophone magazine (August, 2015), pages 62–63.

## Sources

Biographical details of Kitain are scarce, and this entry is based on Bryan Crimp's biographical essay in the APR Complete Columbia Recordings, APR 7029, and on a brief autobiography written in 1940 (see External Links)
# Elizabeth McHarg

Elizabeth Adam McHarg (22 April 1923 – 29 April 1999) was a Scottish mathematician who, in 1965, became the first female president of the Edinburgh Mathematical Society.

## Education

McHarg studied at the Glasgow High School for Girls and then at the University of Glasgow, earning a master's degree with first-class honours in mathematics and natural philosophy in 1943. The university awarded her the Thomas Logan Medal and a George A. Clark scholarship, funding her as a researcher at Girton College, Cambridge. At Girton, she studied nonlinear partial differential equations with Mary Cartwright and completed her Ph.D. in 1948.

## Career and contributions

McHarg returned to the University of Glasgow as a lecturer in 1948. There, she became an expert in special functions. She also translated the text Differential Equations by Francesco Tricomi from Italian into English; her translation was published in 1961 by Hafner and republished in 2012 by Dover Publications.