OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Sagebrush steppe

Sagebrush steppe also known as the sagebrush sea, is a type of shrub-steppe, a plant community characterized by the presence of shrubs, and usually dominated by sagebrush, any of several species in the genus Artemisia. This ecosystem is found in the Intermountain West in the United States.
The most common sagebrush species in the sagebrush steppe in most areas is big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata). Others include three-tip sagebrush (Artemisia tripartita) and low sagebrush (Artemisia arbuscula). Sagebrush is found alongside many species of grasses.
Sagebrush steppe is a diverse habitat, with more than 350 recorded vertebrate species. It is also open rangeland for livestock, a recreation area, and a water source in otherwise arid regions. It is key habitat for declining flora and fauna species, such as greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) and pygmy rabbit (Brachylagus idahoensis).
Sagebrush steppe is a threatened ecosystem in many regions. It was once prevalent in the regions that form the Intermountain West such as the Great Basin and Colorado Plateau. It has become fragmented and degraded by many forces. Steppe has been overgrown with introduced species and has changed to an ecosystem resembling pine and juniper woodland, which has changed the fire regime of the landscape, increasing fuel loads and increasing the chance of unnaturally severe wildfires. Cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum) is also an important introduced plant species that increases fire risk in this ecosystem. Other forces leading to these habitat changes include fire suppression and overgrazing of livestock. Besides severe fire, consequences of the breakdown of sagebrush steppe include increased erosion of the land and sedimentation in local waterways, decreased water quality, decreased quality of forage available for livestock, and degradation of habitat for wildlife and game animals.
# Mid Wales

Mid Wales (Welsh: Canolbarth Cymru or simply Y Canolbarth, meaning "the midlands"), or Central Wales, is a region of Wales, encompassing its midlands, in-between North Wales and South Wales. The Mid Wales Regional Committee of the Senedd covered the unitary authority areas of Ceredigion and Powys and the area of Gwynedd that had previously been the district of Meirionnydd. A similar definition is used by the BBC. The Wales Spatial Plan defines a region known as "Central Wales" which covers Ceredigion and Powys.
Mid Wales is dominated by the Cambrian Mountains, including the Green Desert of Wales. The region is sparsely populated, with an economy dependent on farming and small businesses.

## Major settlements

* Aberaeron
* Aberdyfi
* Aberporth
* Aberystwyth
* Bala
* Barmouth
* Borth
* Brecon
* Builth Wells
* Caersws
* Cardigan
* Crickhowell
* Dolgellau
* Fairbourne
* Harlech
* Hay-on-Wye
* Knighton
* Lampeter
* Llandrindod Wells
* Llandysul
* Llanidloes
* Llanwrtyd
* Machynlleth
* Montgomery
* New Quay
* Newcastle Emlyn
* Newtown
* Rhayader
* Tregaron
* Tywyn
* Welshpool
* Ystradgynlais

## Railway lines
### Main lines

* Heart of Wales line
* Cambrian Line
* Welsh Marches line

### Heritage lines

* Talyllyn Railway
* Welshpool & Llanfair Light Railway
* Vale of Rheidol Railway
* Cambrian Heritage Railways
* Brecon Mountain Railway
* Fairbourne Railway
* Corris Railway

## Politics

Parliamentary constituencies in Mid Wales include; Brecon and Radnorshire, Ceredigion, Dwyfor Meirionnydd and Montgomeryshire.
The region is represented in the Senedd with an electoral region known as Mid and West Wales.
In April 2021, a Mid Wales Corporate Joint Committee was formed to allow the two local councils in the region to collaborate in areas relating to economic well-being, strategic planning and the development of regional transport policies.

## Mid Wales Growth Deal

On 13 January 2022, the Mid Wales Growth Deal's Final Deal Agreement was signed between the Growing Mid Wales Board; containing representatives from Ceredigion County Council and Powys County Council, and the UK and Welsh Governments. The deal involves the commitment of £110 million of funding from the two governments, with additional funding provided by other public and private sectors over the span of 10 years. The deal aims to increase investment in the region to £400 million by 2032, support an increase in gross value added of between £570 million and £700 million in the region's economy, and create between 1,100 to 1,400 jobs in Mid Wales.
# Osvaldo Ramírez (footballer, born 1984)

Osvaldo Manuel Ramírez (born 15 March 1984) is an Argentine retired professional footballer who played as a midfielder.

## Career

Ramírez got his career underway in the ranks of Universitario Paraná, though soon left for Agrupación Deportivo Francia. Youth moves to Independiente, Colón and Unión Santa Fe then occurred. Primera B Metropolitana side Talleres were Ramírez's first senior club, as he featured five times in the 2004–05 campaign. He spent the succeeding year with Atlético Paraná, before moving on to fellow Torneo Argentino B outfit 9 de Julio. After six goals in forty-three for the aforementioned team, Ramírez signed for Deportivo Roca in 2008. Thirty-six matches and two goals followed in two seasons, which preceded a return to Atlético Paraná.
Further stints with Sarmiento and Belgrano arrived, either side of a spell with Central Córdoba in Torneo Argentino A; where he played in four fixtures. In January 2015, Ramírez joined Sportivo Patria. His first appearance came in a win against Unión Sunchales in May, while he netted for the first time in Sportivo Patria colours on 1 August versus Andino. He remained for three campaigns in Torneo Federal A, making forty total appearances for them alongside two goals. Ramírez then appeared for Chaco For Ever throughout 2017–18, notably receiving a red card during his final encounter on 15 April 2018 in a 2–1 victory over Alvarado.
All Boys, of Primera B Metropolitana, became Ramírez's tenth senior club in July 2018. He made his debut in a fixture with Sacachispas on 29 August.

## Career statistics

    As of 16 April 2019.
Appearances and goals by club, season and competition :
| Club | Season | League | League | League | Cup | Cup | Continental | Continental | Other | Other | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Talleres | 2004–05 | Primera B Metropolitana | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 0 | 0 | 5 | 0 |
| Sarmiento | 2011–12 | Torneo Argentino B | 22 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 0 | 0 | 22 | 0 |
| Central Córdoba | 2012–13 | Torneo Argentino A | 4 | 0 | 1 | 0 | — | — | 0 | 0 | 5 | 0 |
| Sportivo Patria | 2015 | Torneo Federal A | 16 | 1 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 0 | 0 | 16 | 1 |
| Sportivo Patria | 2016 | Torneo Federal A | 10 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 0 | 0 | 10 | 0 |
| Sportivo Patria | 2016–17 | Torneo Federal A | 12 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 2 | 1 | 14 | 1 |
| Sportivo Patria | Total | Total | 38 | 1 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 2 | 1 | 40 | 2 |
| Chaco For Ever | 2017–18 | Torneo Federal A | 21 | 1 | 1 | 0 | — | — | 0 | 0 | 22 | 1 |
| All Boys | 2018–19 | Primera B Metropolitana | 9 | 0 | 1 | 0 | — | — | 0 | 0 | 10 | 0 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 99 | 2 | 3 | 0 | — | — | 2 | 1 | 104 | 3 |
* ↑ Appearance(s) in the Torneo Federal A play-offs
# Vickers Viget

The Vickers Viget was Vickers' entrant for the first Lympne light aircraft competition, held in 1923. It was a single-seat, single-engined biplane with folding wings.

## Development

In 1923 the Royal Aero Club (RAeC) organised what became known as the Lympne Light Aeroplane Trials, although the RAeC referred to the competing aircraft as motor-gliders. They were required to be single-seaters. The intention was to encourage the development economical private aviation, so the engine size was limited to 750 cc. Various sponsors provided the prizes, particularly the total of £1500 jointly from the Duke of Sutherland and the Daily Mail. The event took place from 8–13 October 1923. There were many entrants from the British aviation industry, including the de Havilland Humming Bird and the Gloster Gannet. The Type 89 Viget was Vickers' entry.
It was a small single-bay biplane with constant chord wings of no stagger. There was dihedral on the lower plane only. Full span ailerons were fitted on both upper and lower wings. The lower wing was mounted on the bottom of the fuselage and the upper one well clear of the head of the pilot, who sat under it in an open cockpit. The wings folded, as the competition rules required this for ease of storage. The fuselage was deep for its width and carried a conventional, rather square cut empennage with unbalanced control surfaces. The single-axle undercarriage was braced to the front and rear wing spars at the roots, the legs splayed out to broaden the track. A 750 cc Douglas motorcycle engine was mounted horizontally, with the cylinder heads protruding either side below the propeller boss.
The Viget flew well enough at Lympne in the hands of Stan Cockerell, but failed to win prizes. It did win some publicity after a rocker arm failure led to a forced landing about six miles from Lympne. Cockerell folded the wings and pushed the aircraft home, stopping at a pub. When he returned to the aircraft for the final leg, he found an expectant crowd who had mistaken it for a Punch and Judy booth.
Vickers attempted to sell the Viget, advertising it in 1924 as suitable for "Sports, commercial and training purposes". Despite the suggestion in the advertisement that it could be fitted with a Bristol Cherub or an unspecified Blackburne engine, there is no evidence that either of these was installed. Only one Viget, registered G-EBHN, was built. It was registered on 3 August 1923 and deregistered on 21 January 1929.

## Specifications

Data from
General characteristics
* Crew: 1
* Length: 17 ft 4 in (5.28 m)
* Wingspan: 25 ft 0 in (7.62 m)
* Height: 7 ft 3 in (2.21 m)
* Wing area: 200 sq ft (19 m$^2$)
* Airfoil: RAF 15
* Empty weight: 390 lb (177 kg)
* Gross weight: 570 lb (259 kg)
* Powerplant: 1 × Douglas 68cc 2 cylinder horizontally opposed (power unknown)
Performance
* Maximum speed: 58 mph (93 km/h, 50 kn)
# Gennady Shpigun

General Gennady Nikolayevich Shpigun (Russian: Геннадий Николаевич Шпигун; February 5, 1947 – ca. March 2000) was the Russian Interior Ministry's special representative in Chechnya.
He was kidnapped from the airport in Grozny on March 5, 1999, when armed masked men boarded his plane as it was about to leave for Moscow. Shpigun's kidnappers, reported at various times to be different Chechen rebel warlords (Shamil Basaev, Arbi Barayev, Magomed Khatuev), demanded a ransom of US$15 million for his release.
On March 31, 2000, his body was found in southern Chechnya, near the village of Itum-Kale. Neither the exact cause nor the date of his death could be determined. In June 2000, he was buried in Moscow's Preobrazhenskoe Cemetery.
# Suponevo

Suponevo (Russian: Супонево) may refer to several populated places in Russia:
* Suponevo, Bryansk Oblast
* Suponevo, Odinstovsky District, Moscow Oblast
* Suponevo, Samara Oblast [ru]
# District 9, Ho Chi Minh City

District 9 (Vietnamese: Quận 9) is a former urban district (quận) of Ho Chi Minh City, the largest city in Vietnam. As of 2010, the district had a population of 263,486, and an area of 114 km$^2$.
District 9 was merged with District 2 and Thủ Đức district to become Thu Duc City on December 9, 2020, by Standing Committee of the National Assembly's approval.

## Geographical location

District 9 borders Đồng Nai province to the east, Bình Dương province to the west, District 2 to the south, and Thủ Đức district to the west.

## Administration

District 9 consists of 13 wards (phường):
* Phước Long A
* Phước Long B
* Tăng Nhơn Phú A
* Tăng Nhơn Phú B
* Long Trường
* Trường Thạnh
* Phước Bình
* Tân Phú
* Hiệp Phú
* Long Thạnh Mỹ
* Long Bình
* Long Phước
* Phú Hữu

## Education

Lycée Français International Marguerite Duras, the French international school, is in Long Bình.
# Potholes (film)

Potholes (Russian: Ухабы, romanized: Ukhaby) is a 1928 Soviet silent romantic drama directed by Abram Room.
The film's art direction was done by Viktor Aden.

## Synopsis

The setting of the film is a glass factory. Glassblower Paul and the grinder Tanya fall in love and become husband and wife. At the factory, downsizing is happening and Tanya gets dismissed. She does not look for another job, deciding to devote himself to the family and the child. Meanwhile, Paul begins to have romantic relations with his co-worker Lisa and even leaves his family for her. Tanya finds a job at a factory in another city. On the boat, she meets Paul. Deciding to leave his past behind and start a new life he also transferred to another plant. The meeting ends with the reconciliation of the spouses.

## Cast

* Sergei Minin
* Evlaliya Olgina
# Hilyat al-Muttaqin

Hilyat al-Muttaqin (The adornment of the God-fearing, Arabic: حلیه المتقین) is a Hadith book of Muhammad Baqir al-Majlisi. This work is written in Persian about Islamic morality, instructions and traditions. It was translated into English by Sayyid Athar Husayn S.H. Rizvi and published by Ansariyan Publications in 2013.

## The aim of writing

According to book's foreword, it was written because of a group of Muslims asked Majlisi to write a Persian book in the Islamic morality, instructions and traditions from the hadith of Ahl al-Bayt.

## Date of writing

According to a manuscript, the date of writing of this work is 1671, But in another book has been mentioned to 1668-9.

## Content and chapters

The book has 14 chapters about individual and collective morality and some Fiqh rulings, Duas and practices and had an extra chapter about some etiquette miscellaneous and their benefits. The titles of chapters are mentioned below:
* Etiquette of clothing,
* Etiquette of using jewellery for men and women, using Kohl, dyeing with henna and looking in the mirror,
* Etiquette of eating and drinking,
* Worthiness of marriage, etiquette of socializing with women and training children,
* Etiquette of brushing teeth, heckling the hairs, cropping the nails, mustache and hair, etc.
* Etiquette of perfuming, smelling flowers and anointing,
* Etiquette of bathing and some ghusls,
* Etiquette of sleeping and waking,
* Etiquette of Hijama, Enema, benefits of some drugs, treating some diseases and mentioning some related duas,
* Etiquette with people and the rights of guilds,
* Etiquette of meetings such as hailing, shaking hands, hugging, kissing, etc.
* Etiquette of entering and going out the home,
* Etiquette of going on foot, riding, buying, trading, agriculture, and keeping beasts,
* Etiquette of traveling
* Some etiquette miscellaneous and their benefits.
# Adoration of the Christ Child (Lotto, Kraków)

Adoration of the Christ Child is a 1508 tempera on poplar panel by Lorenzo Lotto, owned by and exhibited at the EUROPEUM – European Culture Centre, a branch of the National Museum in Kraków, Poland. To the left of the Madonna and Child is Francis of Assisi, in the centre background is an aged saint (Saint Jerome or Saint Joseph) and to the right is a female martyr, possibly Catherine of Alexandria.
In the 17th century it was in the collection of Gaspara de Haro y Guzman (1629–1687), Spanish ambassador to Rome and viceroy of Naples, one of the greatest collectors of the era, as shown by his mark on the reverse of the image. In 1804 it was bought in Naples for 100 ducats by Jan Feliks Tarnowski, who in 1834 gave it to Janowi Karolowi Scipio del Campo, his nephew and a canon of the chapter of Kraków.
It was included in Bernard Berenson's 1901 monograph on the artist. It was bought by Zygmunt Pusłowski at the start of the 20th century and its next owner after him was Xawery Pusłowski, who later gave it to his godfather Marek Rostworowski. It was sold by Rostworowski in 1971 to its present owner.
# Mahisha kingdom

Mahisha or Mahishaka was a kingdom in ancient India. The capital, Mahishuru, is currently known as Mysore, a city in Karnataka. This kingdom is mentioned in Mahabharata, though Puranas (especially Markandeya Purana) gives more information. The name Mahisha (Sanskrit: महिष) means great, powerful.

## History

King Mahisha built a vast kingdom with Mahishuru as its center, which was the Mahisha kingdom. The name of 'Mysore', came from its ruler Mahisha.

### In the Mahabharata

Bhisma Parva, Mahabharata, Book VI, Chapter 10 describes geography and provinces of ancient India. Mahisha is mentioned in Mahabharata- "There are other kingdoms in the south. They are the Dravidas, the Keralas, the Prachyas, the Mushikas, and the Vanavashikas; the Mahishakas, the Vikalpas, the Mushakas.....".
Karna Parva, Mahabharata Book VIII, Chapter 30 mentions the people who are not righious- "The Karasakaras, the Mahishakas, the Kalingas, the Kikatas, the Atavis, the Karkotakas, the Virakas, and other peoples of no religion, one should always avoid."

#### Yudhishthira's Rajasuya sacrifice

Yudhishthira, the Kuru king, performed a Rajasuya sacrifice in order to again imperial sovereignty. All his brothers went on extensive military campaigns to extract tribute from all the kingdoms and subjugate those who refused to do so.
'A battle took place between Arjuna and the Dravidas and Andhras and the fierce Mahishakas and the hillmen of Kolwa. Subjugating those tribes without having to accomplish any fierce feats, Arjuna proceeded to the country of the Surashtras, his footsteps guided by the horse.' (14,83)
# Karacaköy, Nusaybin

Karacaköy (Kurdish: Xerabê Reşik) is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Nusaybin, Mardin Province in Turkey. The village is populated by Kurds of the Omerkan tribe and had a population of 32 in 2021.
# Prince Yeongyang

Prince Yeongyang (Korean: 영양군; Hanja: 永陽君; 29 May 1521 – 6 September 1561), personal name Yi Geo (이거; 李岠) was a Royal Prince of the Joseon period as the 4th son of Yi Yeok, King Jungjong, from Royal Noble Consort Chang. He was the paternal uncle of the 14th monarch, Yi Yeon, King Seonjo. He was said to be gentle and humble. He was the founder of "Cadet branch of Prince Yeongyang of the Jeonju Yi clan" (전주이씨 영양군파).
According to Veritable Records of the Joseon Dynasty, it was recorded that he and his half older-sister, Princess Uihye decorated their private manor (close with Princess Hyojeong's manor) in a lavish manner and got criticized for it.

## Biography
### Ancestors

Ancestors of Prince Yeongyang :

### Marriage and life

He later married the daughter of An Se-hyeong (안세형) who served as the Left Chanseong of Joseon State Council (의정부 좌찬성; 議政府 左贊成), Princess Consort Gyeongyang of the Sunheung An clan (경양군부인 순흥 안씨). However, since they two had no any issue, so they adopted Yi Su-jeon (이수전), a Heungnyeong Deputy Chief (흥녕부정; 興寧副正). Su-jeon was the biological son of Yi Seok-su (이석수) and the grandson of Yi Jong, Prince Musan (이종 무산군), who was the 12nd son of Seongjong of Joseon. As Su-jeon become Geo's son, he then become "Prince Heungnyeong" (흥녕군). Meanwhile, Yeongyang later died on 6 September 1561 at 40 years old and received his royal titles.

### Tomb

His tomb was firstly located at Dongjak-ri, Gwacheon, Gyeonggi Province (now Dongjak-ri, Dongjak District, Seoul), right from his mother, but was moved to Injwawon (인좌원; 寅坐原), Hurok Village, Sasi-ri, Jangdo-myeon, Jangdan-gun, Gyeonggi Province on 26 February 1581 along with his wife, then his tombstone was erected in 1941 after the Korean Empire and South Korea was established.
His inscription was written by two different peoples, first, by Min Gyeong-sik (민경식; 閔景植) whom graduated in Hongmungwan University (홍문관대제학) and became the 2nd rank military officer of Hanseong-bu (한성부판윤; 漢城府判尹) and secondly, by Yi Beom-seok (이범석; 李範錫) who was graduated in Hongmungwan University too.
# Aryan Tsiutryn

Aryan Tsiutryn (Russian: Арыйан Иннокентьевич Тютрин; born 23 November 1994) is a Russian and Belarusian freestyle wrestler. He won one of the bronze medals in the men's 57 kg event at the 2021 World Wrestling Championships held in Oslo, Norway.
He competed at the 2024 European Wrestling Olympic Qualification Tournament in Baku, Azerbaijan and he earned a quota place for the Individual Neutral Athletes for the 2024 Summer Olympics in Paris, France, he missed these games, and he was reallocated to Vladimir Egorov.
# Shuqan Rural District

Shuqan Rural District (Persian: دهستان شوقان) is in Jolgeh Shuqan District of Jajrom County, North Khorasan province, Iran. It is administered from the city of Shuqan.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the rural district's population was 2,538 in 725 households. There were 2,520 inhabitants in 794 households at the following census of 2011. The 2016 census measured the population of the rural district as 2,497 in 779 households. The most populous of its 19 villages was Hesar-e Isa, with 643 people.
# Baglioni Madonna

The Baglioni Madonna or Madonna and Child with Saint Jerome and Saint Anne is an oil on panel painting by Andrea Previtali, executed c. 1512–1513, now in the art gallery of the Accademia Carrara in Bergamo. His earliest surviving work, it is signed ANDREAS.BER.PIN. Since 1900 it has been named after its last private owner Francesco Baglioni, who gave it to its present home. It belongs to the sacra conversazione genre. It was restored in 2011 by Amalia Pacia of the Sovraintendenza per i Beni Storici Artistici ed Etnoatropologici di Mialno and Maria Cristina Rodeschini from the Accademia Carrara
# Şükrü

Şükrü (Turkish from Arabic: شكري) is a Turkish given name. Notable people with the name include:
* Şükrü Halûk Akalın (born 1956), retired Turkish academic and bureaucrat
* Şükrü Altın (born 1956), Turkish historian, novelist, educator and painter
* Şükrü Balcı (1929–1993), Turkish high-ranking civil servant and chief of police
* Ali Şükrü Bey (1884–1923), Turkish soldier, journalist, and politician
* Şükrü Birand (1944–2019), Turkish footballer
* Mithat Şükrü Bleda (1874–1956), Turkish politician
* Davut Şükrü Efendi (1825–1896), Albanian alim, müderris and nationalist figure
* Şükrü Elekdağ (born 1924), Turkish diplomat, academician, and politician
* Mehmet Şükrü Erdinç (born 1976), Turkish politician and MP
* Şükrü Ersoy (born 1931), Turkish football goalkeeper
* Şükrü Naili Gökberk (1876–1936), officer of the Ottoman Army during World War I
* Şükrü Gülesin (1922–1977), Turkish football player and sports journalist
* Şükrü Sina Gürel (born 1950), Turkish diplomat, Turkish foreign minister
* M. Şükrü Hanioğlu, Turkish professor of late Ottoman history in Princeton University
* Şükrü Kaya (1883–1959), Turkish civil servant, politician and government minister
* Şükrü Koçak (1886–1961), Turkish government minister, politician, ideologue of Kemalist doctrine
* Şükrü Âli Ögel (1886–1973), director of the former Turkish governmental intelligence agency
* Şükrü Okan (1880–1957), Turkish admiral and politician
* Şükrü Özyıldız (born 1988), Turkish actor
* Mehmed Şükrü Pasha (1857–1916), general in the Ottoman Army
* Şükrü Enis Regü (1922–1974), Turkish poet
* Şükrü Sanus (born 1966), Turkish sailor
* Şükrü Saracoğlu (1887–1953), Turkish politician, prime minister of Turkey
* Şükrü Sarıışık (born 1945), retired Turkish general
* Şükrü Uzuner (born 1969), Turkish former footballer
# Deokund Aurangabad

Deokund is a small town in the Goh block of Aurangabad District of Bihar state in India. It belongs to the Magadh division. It is 80 km from Patna and 973 km from the national capital of Delhi. Large numbers of people go there for Chhath Puja every year.