OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Kurawar, Madhya Pradesh

Kurawar is a town and Nagar Parishad in Rajgarh District of Madhya Pradesh, India.

## Geography

Kurawar is located at 23°51′N 77°02′E﻿ / ﻿23.850°N 77.033°E﻿ / 23.850; 77.033. It has an average elevation of 483 metres (1,585 ft). Kurawar is 55 km away from Bhopal.

## Demographics

Kurawar town has a population of 13,917, of which 7,262 are males while 6,655 are females, with a total of 2854 families residing in Kurawar.

## Economy

The main business in the region is agriculture. Mainly wheat, gram and soybeans are grown in the area because of the good quality of soil.
There are several small and big villages attached with Kurawar and various people come here to buy various daily use products and selling of their grains.

## Civil administration

Kurawar town is divided into 15 wards for which elections are held every 5 years.
Kurawar town has total administration over 2,854 houses to which it supplies basic amenities like water and sewerage. It is also authorize to build roads within Nagar Panchayat limits and impose taxes on properties coming under its jurisdiction.

## Transportation

Kurawar is well connected with roads. Its connected with Rajgarh, Biaora, and Bhopal. Daily buses run from there.
The nearest Airport is Bhopal Airport.
# Kutuzovo

Kutuzovo (Russian: Кутузово) is the name of several rural localities in Russia:
* Kutuzovo, Guryevsky District, Kaliningrad Oblast, a settlement in Kutuzovsky Rural Okrug of Guryevsky District of Kaliningrad Oblast
* Kutuzovo, Krasnoznamensky District, Kaliningrad Oblast, a settlement in Dobrovolsky Rural Okrug of Krasnoznamensky District of Kaliningrad Oblast
* Kutuzovo, Ozyorsky District, Kaliningrad Oblast, a settlement in Gavrilovsky Rural Okrug of Ozyorsky District of Kaliningrad Oblast
* Kutuzovo, Moscow, a village under the administrative jurisdiction of Zelenograd, Moscow
* Kutuzovo, Moscow Oblast, a village under the administrative jurisdiction of Domodedovo City Under Oblast Jurisdiction, Moscow Oblast
* Kutuzovo, Nizhny Novgorod Oblast, a village in Veryakushsky Selsoviet of Diveyevsky District of Nizhny Novgorod Oblast
* Kutuzovo, Oryol Oblast, a village in Timiryazevsky Selsoviet of Kolpnyansky District of Oryol Oblast
* Kutuzovo, Pskov Oblast, a village in Pskovsky District of Pskov Oblast
* Kutuzovo, Kalyazinsky District, Tver Oblast, a village in Kalyazinsky District, Tver Oblast
* Kutuzovo, Spirovsky District, Tver Oblast, a village in Spirovsky District, Tver Oblast
# Mahmoud El Manhaly

Dr. Mahmoud El Manhaly (born 1 January 1942) is an Egyptian sugaring plants scientist. El Manhaly was the manager of the Egyptian Research Institute of sugaring plants, and the technical consultant of Dr. Youssef Waly; the Egyptian former minister of Agriculture. He is also a staff member of the Higher Institute of Tourism in Alexandria.
El Manhaly was the first to produce the seeds of sugar beet in Egypt and in Syria.

## Early life

El Manhaly was born on 1 January 1942 in Metoubes, a town in Kafr El Sheikh.

## Career

El Manhaly was graduated from faculty of agriculture of Alexandria University in 1964.
# Machu Qasem

Machu Qasem (Persian: مچوقاسم, also Romanized as Machū Qāsem) is a village in Bampur-e Sharqi Rural District, in the Central District of Bampur County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 1,034, in 212 families.
# Khemewadi

Khemewadi (Kannada: ಖೇಮವಾಡಿ) is a village in Belgaum district in Karnataka, India. As of 2011, Khemewadi had a population of 358. 69.44% of the population was literate, male literacy stood at 74.53%, while female literacy stood at 64.42%. A total of 73 houses were counted in 2011.
# Aya Tarek

Aya Tarek (Arabic: آية طارق) is an Egyptian artist from the city of Alexandria. Tarek's mediums are primarily street art or graffiti and paint. Although street art in Egypt gained much international attention after the 2011 revolution, Tarek began sharing her street art on the walls of Alexandria in 2008, when she was 18. Tarek also produces indoor murals which she feels helps her in to be taken more seriously as an artist. However, she utterly stresses the importance of street art because it is accessible to anyone to take whatever they may need to from the work.

## Life

She was born in 14 November 1990, her grandfather was a craftsman. In 2008, she began graffiti.

## Career

Tarek is seen by many as the first androgynous street artist in Egypt.
She was in a film by Ahmed Abdallah called Microphone, which explores Alexandria’s art scene leading up to the 2011 revolution In one of her own pieces, "How to Fuck Your Mind", Tarek portrays a graffiti artist’s instant rise and fall from fame. The animated film includes Tarek’s personal experiences with the media and how have affected her. An outspoken critic, Tarek uses multiple art venues that center on graffiti to express her views and share them with others in public spaces. She explains her philosophy, asserting that graffiti "is not about being rich, or having a secluded space." Tarek has a strong following on Facebook and several Egyptian-based blogs.
In the fall of 2012, Tarek participated in an exhibition in Beirut called White Wall, which brought together graffiti artists from all over the world. The exhibit was organized by the Beirut Art Center in partnership with Foundation Saradar and featured an exhibit at the Beirut Art Center and works displayed on the streets of Beirut. Aya Tarek describes her experience here to be extremely free and the other artists were not expected to stick to one message when creating this wall. Many different artists from all around the world came here to work in a space free of judgement.
Although Tarek's work is seen as a part of a political agenda, she states that, "most of us are not really political; [us] artists … are not about politics, nor is our art. We’re about style and technique. It’s not about heavy political subject matter" She states that after the revolution, the West's view of Egypt changed drastically, which is why many artists portrayed political ideals in their work.
Aya Tarek stresses the importance of street art, especially in Egypt. She talks on how it is extremely available to the public to see, despite the vast censorship that occurs in her country. She states, “The street is for everyone.” She considers herself to be an experimental artists, and practices vast creative freedom in her work.
# Owsa

Owsa (Persian: اوسا), also known as Osā and Osās, is a village in Kuhdasht-e Gharbi Rural District, in the Central District of Miandorud County, Mazandaran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 669, in 165 families.
# Pleonexia

Pleonexia, sometimes called pleonexy, originating from the Greek πλεονεξία, is a philosophical concept which roughly corresponds to greed, covetousness, or avarice, and is strictly defined as "the insatiable desire to have what rightfully belongs to others."

## Classical Greek concepts of pleonexia

Classical Greek philosophers such as Plato related pleonexia to justice.
Thrasymachus, in Book I of The Republic, presents pleonexia as a natural state, upon which justice is an unnatural restraint.
In discussing the philosophy of Aristotle, who insisted in his Nicomachean Ethics that all specifically unjust actions are motivated by pleonexia, Kraut discusses pleonexia and equates it to epichairekakia, the Greek version of schadenfreude, stating that inherent in pleonexia is the appeal of acting unjustly at the expense of others. Young, however argues that the simple involvement of unfairness in the desire for gaining ever more is what defines pleonexia, rather than that the desire itself be for gaining ever more in a manner that is specifically unfair.
Thomas Hobbes includes it as a concept of natural law in Leviathan:
   If in this case, at the making of Peace, men require for themselves, that which they would not have to be granted to others, they do contrary to the precedent law, that commandeth the acknowledgement of naturall equalitie, and therefore also against the law of Nature. The observers of this law, are those we call Modest, and the breakers Arrogant Men. The Greeks call the violation of this law πλεονεξία; that is, a desire of more than their share.

## Christian concepts of pleonexia

Pleonexia, being mentioned in the New Testament in Colossians 3 verses 1–11 and Luke 12 verses 13–21, has been the subject of commentary by Christian theologians.
William Barclay describes pleonexia as an "accursed love of having", which "will pursue its own interests with complete disregard for the rights of others, and even for the considerations of common humanity". He labels it an aggressive vice that operates in three spheres of life. In the material sphere, it involves "grasping at money and goods, regardless of honour and honesty". In the ethical sphere it is "the ambition which tramples on others to gain something which is not properly meant for it". In the moral sphere, it is "the unbridled lust which takes its pleasure where it has no right to take".
# Kajghuneh

Kajghuneh (Persian: کاژغونه, also Romanized as Kājghūneh and Kāzhghūneh) is a village in Rezqabad Rural District, in the Farah Dasht District of Kashmar County, Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 271, in 80 families.
# Otto II the Black

Otto II the Black (Czech: Ota II. Černý; c. 1085 – 18 February 1126), a member of the Přemyslid dynasty, ruled as a Moravian prince in Olomouc from 1107 and in Brno from 1123 until his death.

## Life

He was a younger son of Prince Otto I of Olomouc and his wife Euphemia, a daughter of the Árpád king Béla I of Hungary. He thereby was the grandson of the Bohemian duke Bretislav I. His father ruled in Olomouc since about 1055, troubled by the centralist efforts of his elder brothers Spytihněv II and Vratislav II ruling as Bohemian dukes. When he died in 1087, Otto II and his elder brother Svatopluk were expelled from Olomouc.
While the dynastical struggles within the Přemyslid family continued, Otto II and Svatopluk were able to return to Moravia in 1091. Svatopluk finally ascended the throne in Prague in 1107, having deposed his cousin Bořivoj II. Otto temporarily acted as a Bohemian regent; in 1108/09 he and Savatopluk were taken hostage by King Henry V of Germany. When Svatopluk was killed in September 1109, his brother Otto, though with considerable support by the Bohemian nobility, was not able to assert his claims to the Prague throne, which was taken by Otto's cousin Vladislav I.
Around 1113 Otto married the Swabian countess Sophia, daughter of Count Henry I of Berg. Sophia's sister Richeza of Berg had married Duke Vladislav I about 1111. Otto's marriage produced three children: Euphemia, Otto III of Olomouc (1122–1160), and Dětleb, Bishop of Olomouc.
Otto found himself in constant conflict with Duke Vladislav. Nevertheless, in 1123 he was able to succeed Vladislav's younger brother Soběslav as Prince of Brno. When Duke Vladislav died in 1125, Otto again claimed the Bohemian throne according to the principle of agnatic seniority. When Vladislav's brother Soběslav succeeded, Otto turned to King Lothair II who marched against Bohemia with a German army. Both sides met in the Battle of Chlumec on 18 February 1126: Lothair's forces were decisively defeated and Otto was killed in action. After the battle, Soběslav approached King Lothair and received the Bohemian duchy as an Imperial fief.
Otto's widow Sophia returned to Swabia and probably retired to Zwiefalten Abbey.
# Jafarabad, Lenjan

Jafarabad (Persian: جعفراباد, also Romanized as Ja‘farābād) is a village in Cham Kuh Rural District, Bagh-e Bahadoran District, Lenjan County, Isfahan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 232, in 49 families.
# Kalateh-ye Shahidan

Kalateh-ye Shahidan (Persian: كلاته شهيدان, also Romanized as Kalāteh-ye Shahīdān; also known as Kalāteh-ye Qāderī) is a village in Hokmabad Rural District, Atamalek District, Jowayin County, Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 259, in 66 families.
# William Frank Powell

William Frank Powell (June 26, 1848 – January 23, 1920) was an American diplomat and educator. Powell was the United States Ambassador to the Republic of Haiti from 1897 to 1905. At the same time Powell served as the chargé d'affaires in the Dominican Republic until 1904.

## Life and career

William Frank Powell was born in Troy, New York. He attended the New York School of Pharmacy, Lincoln University, and the New Jersey Collegiate School. Powell also served in the U.S. Navy near the end of the Civil War.
In 1869, Powell moved to Virginia and worked as a principal in an African American school in Leesburg. He also founded his own African American school only a year later in Alexandria. In 1875, he returned to New Jersey to head Bordentown School. Powell's first foray into a political position began in 1881 when he took a position as a clerk for the United States Treasury. After only a year he moved to Camden to continue work as a supervising principal. In 1886, he took a position at Camden High School, a predominantly white school.
Powell was appointed as Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to Haiti by President William McKinley in 1897. When he was appointed, many New York businessmen who did business in Haiti took issue. They did so on the platform that the successive appointment of Black men to the position tarnished the reputation of the position and would hurt American business. In reality, one of Powell's main goals was to promote American business interests. Powell was the sixth African American to serve as the American minister to Haiti and the diplomat directly preceding Powell, Henry M. Smythe, was a white man. The protests of the businessmen were presented to the President by Senator Thomas C. Platt but nothing came of it.
Like many of the other ministers before him, Powell was the American diplomat in Haiti as well as the chargé d'affaires in the Dominican Republic, still officially called Santo Domingo by the U.S. government. During his tenure, Powell's life was threatened multiple times. There was a plot to assassinate him during a staged fight and Powell reported after he retired that he was shot twice while in office. Powell tendered his resignation during a leave of absence, saying that he had tempted fate enough.
After the end of Powell's term, he returned to Camden and became a writer for the Philadelphia Tribune, an African American newspaper. In 1907 he was awarded an honorary LL.D. from Lincoln University. He died January 23, 1920. The William F. Powell Elementary School was named in his honor but was razed in 2010.
# Naruheh

Naruheh (Persian: ناروهه, also Romanized as Nārūheh; also known as Nārūneh) is a village in Lajran Rural District, in the Central District of Garmsar County, Semnan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 16, in 4 families.
# Yalode (crater)

Yalode (/jəˈloʊdi/) is the second-largest confirmed impact basin on the dwarf planet Ceres, after Kerwan. It is located adjacent to another large crater, Urvara, and serves as the namesake for the Yalode Quadrange. Yalode named after the Dahomeyan (Fon) deity of the yam harvest, Yalodé; the name Yalode was officially approved by the International Astronomical Union (IAU) on 3 July 2015.

## Geology

Yalode is a heavily degraded impact basin, hosting numerous smaller craters such as Besua. Yalode is geologically homogeneous, with its interior compositionally similar to surrounding areas. Yalode is itself superimposed by the Urvara basin, the third-largest crater on Ceres; both are surrounded by extensive ejecta deposits.
Yalode and the regions surrounding it appear to be heavily tectonized. The floor of Yalode basin features parallel fractures that are larger and more developed than those found in other large impact basins on Ceres. The fractures in Yalode appear to have formed in at least two distinct generations and are concentrated along its basin rim. The parallel nature of the fractures are possibly representative of horst and graben faulting from extensional stresses and tilted crust blocks. Surrounding Yalode is a vast network of pit chains, Samhain Catenae. The pit chains of Samhain Catenae are oriented roughly radially to Yalode. Despite this, Samhain Catenae does not appear to be created by ejecta thrown out from the impact event that created Yalode (the mechanism which the radial crater chains of Mare Orientale were formed). Instead, Samhain Catenae may be a network of extensional faults, created as material below Yalode upwelled. This process would also explain the unusually wide nature of Yalode's interior floor fractures.
# Poltakov

Poltakov (Russian: Полтаков, Poltakov; Khakas: Полтах, Poltax) is a village (a selo) in the Askizsky District of the Republic of Khakassia, Russia. The village is located 27 kilometers (17 mi) from the regional center of the village of Askiz (urban-type settlement). It is located on the northern side of Mount Pistag, the Es' River flows along the village. Population: 1,151 (2010 Census); 1,191 (2002 Census);

## History

The village was formed by the merger of several aals - Poltakh, Tirenchin, Khubachakov, and Ust-Teya - at the beginning of the 20th century. The Khakas name of the village, Poltakh, came from Todinov Poltakh, a rich cattle merchant.

## Demographics

The village of Poltakov is made up of Khakas people forming the majority at 88% and Russian people forming a minority at 12%
# La Chavanne

La Chavanne (French pronunciation:; Arpitan: La Shavana) is a commune in the Savoie department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region in south-eastern France.
# Neşri

Mevlânâ Mehmed Neşri (born c. 1450 – died circa 1520), also commonly referred to as Neshri (Ottoman Turkish: نشري), was an Ottoman historian, a prominent representative of early Ottoman historiography.
Very little is known about Neşri, which suggests that he was not a major literary figure during his lifetime. Contemporary sources refer to him with the modest title of muderris (teacher), which further suggested that he did not hold a high office. He witnessed the death of Mehmed II in 1481 and the Janissary riots that followed it. He is known as the author of the universal history Cosmorama or Cihan-Nümâ. Only the sixth and final parts of this work are preserved today. He probably completed it between 1487 and February 1493.
According to the historian Paul Wittek, Neşri based his work on the early Ottoman historian work of Aşıkpaşazade, a chronological list of the mid-15th century and an anonymous chronicle of the late 15th century, amalgamating the three primary historiographical traditions which were then popular. His text became a principal source for many later historians, both Ottoman and European.
# Ksenya Stepanycheva

Ksenya Viktorovna Stepanycheva (Russian: Ксения Викторовна Степанычева, born November 4, 1978) is a Russian playwright.
Ksenya Stepanycheva was born in the city of Saratov on November 4, 1978, into the family of a military serviceman. She lived with her father in military garrisons in Germany, Ukraine and the subarctic region. She graduated from the Povozhskaya Civil Service Academy and got an honors degree of a manager and economist.
Her play 2 х 2 = 5 received First Prize at the All-Russian Competition of Playwrights, Protagonist (Deystvuyushiye litsa Russian: Действующие лица), 2004, and was staged by the School of Modern Drama Theater in Moscow and at the Saratov Drama Theater.
Kseniya is the author of such plays as 2 х 2 = 5, Private Life, Pink Bow, Staf, Divine Foam, and The Cossacks' Tales.
Four of Kseniya's plays were published in Modern Dramatics magazine. Pink Bow was published in The World of Children's Theater magazine. In 2004 she was awarded with the main prize in the "Dramatis Personae" annual contest of playwrights.
In April 2009 together with other young playwrights of Russia she undertook in-depth training at Princeton University (New Jersey, United States).
Her play 2 х 2 = 5 was staged at the Saratovskiy Academical Theater in 2005, at "The School of a Modern Play" Moscow theater in 2007, and other theatres in Donetsk (Ukraine) and Tomsk (Russia).
In 2009 Stanislav Govorukhin, a famous Russian film director, started to shoot a movie by Kseniya's script; the movie's name is In the Style of Jazz.
Private Life (Russian: Частная жизнь) by Kseniya Stepanycheva was staged at the Saratovskiy Academical Theater in 2009.
# Paramount (Shanghai)

The Paramount (Chinese: 百樂門; pinyin: Bǎilèmén; lit. 'gate of 100 pleasures') is a historical nightclub and dance hall at 218 Yuyuan Road in Jing'an, Shanghai, China. It was the largest ballroom in Shanghai before the People's Liberation Army established control over the city in 1949.

## History

The Paramount, designed in Art Deco style by the architect S. J. Young (楊錫鏐 Yáng Xíliù, 1899-1978) was completed in 1933, by a group of Chinese bankers. It lay just off Bubbling Well Road (now Nanjing West Road), a major entertainment thoroughfare and was a meeting place for the wealthy elite of Shanghai society. The Ballroom lasted under its original owners before going bankrupt in 1936. In 1937, it was converted into a taxi dance hall featuring Chinese dance hostesses, which it remained until 1949.
In 1956, following the Chinese Communist Revolution, the Paramount was closed and it later reopened as the Red Capitol Cinema showing Maoist propaganda films. As a result of the Cultural Revolution, the building became defunct and obscure. On a rainy day in 1990, part of the structure's façade collapsed and killed a passerby on a sidewalk.
In 2001, Taiwanese investors spent $3-million to refurbish the venue and reopened it as a ballroom in its original style, with red-and-gold décor.
In December 2006, the Paramount's Taiwanese owners announced the ballroom was losing revenue, so they decided to convert the second and third floors into a disco. Only the fourth-floor ballroom will remain in the old style, and preservationists have expressed concerns that the structure could be damaged by the reverberations of the disco.
In the last item from the BBC Radio Program: "From Our Own Correspondent" on June 16, 2012, Fuchsia Dunlop reported on a dance visit to the new Xbox.
In July 2012, Tangobang chose this venue for the Shanghai Tango Festival. In March 2017, the Paramount reopened as a nightclub after it was renovated.
# Sarchamlu

Sarchamlu (Persian: سرچملو, also Romanized as Sarchamlū) is a village in Boli Rural District, Chavar District, Ilam County, Ilam Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 47, in 11 families. The village is populated by Kurds.