OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Girolamo Montesardo

Girolamo Montesardo (fl. 1606 – c. 1620) was an Italian singer and composer.

## Life

Although his surname was actually Melcarne, he was referred to by his home town Montesardo, a small town in the Province of Lecce. He worked as a singer at the San Petronio Basilica in Bologna, as a maestro di cappella at Fano and at Ancona. His earliest extant work was published in Florence in 1606.
His guitar book Nuova inventione d'intavolatura per sonare li balletti sopra la Chitarra Spagniuola is the earliest to have been printed using alphabet notation of chords for rasgueado playing a five-course guitar. This had been in use in Italy and possibly Spain for some time before 1606. Montesardo does not claim to have invented this form of notation. His 'Nuova inventione' refers to his system for indicating the metre and note values with which the music is played. This involves using upper case and lower case letters to represent the minim and the crotchet respectively. A dot after the letter has the same function as it does in modern staff notation; it increases the value of the note by half its original value. This style of music printed in alfabeto became very popular in Italy during the 17th century. Nuova inventione includes versions of some of the most popular dance-songs and harmonic patterns of the time, including the Ruggiero, bergamasca, folia, and Ballo del gran duca, and was the first Italian publication to include the ciaccone and passacaglias.
In terms of original music, Montesardo mainly composed polyphonic sacred music and madrigals. Montesardo also experimented with monody and published a collection of monody, which included his own experiments and works by Jacopo Peri and Giulio Caccini.
He may be the same person as Gervasio Melcarne (Geruasio), two of whose madrigals appear in Pomponio Nenna's eighth book of madrigals for five voices (1618) alongside madrigals by Nenna and Carlo Gesualdo.
# Vàm Cống Bridge

The Vàm Cống Bridge (Vietnamese: Cầu Vàm Cống) is a road bridge over the Hậu Giang River (also known as Bassac), a distributary of the Mekong River, in the city of Long Xuyên in Vietnam.

## Description

It is one of two large bridges on the Mỹ An – Lộ Tẻ – Rạch Sỏi freeway [vi] and part of the larger North–South Expressway West effort. At 2.970 kilometres (2 miles) long, it is the second-longest cable-stayed bridge in Vietnam.

## Planning

Before 2010, traffic across the Bassac river's banks were dependent on travel by wharf and ferry. The opening of the Cần Thơ Bridge in 2010 helped to connect the city of Cần Thơ with Vĩnh Long province, allowing for further economic development in the Mekong Delta. However, other high traffic areas of the Mekong River remained dependent on wharfs and ferries, including the Vàm Cống ferry that had been in operation since 1925.
In 2011, national transportation agencies in Vietnam proposed a transportation plan for the Mekong River Delta region, part of which included the construction of the Vàm Cống bridge to help integrate the greater highway system.

## Construction

On September 10, 2013, a groundbreaking ceremony took place in Đồng Tháp province. The project's consulting team included Dasan Consultants, Kunhwa Consulting and Engineering, and Pyunghwa Engineering Consultants, with the main construction contractors consisting of a joint venture between GS Engineering & Construction and Hanshin Engineering & Construction. Cienco 1 would serve as a subcontractor. The initial investment of 5.7 trillion VND is shared between the Korea International Cooperation Agency and the Vietnamese government. During construction, there was conflict around the management of the project, resulting in delays.

## Opening

All six lanes of the bridges were open to the public in May 2019. The project took five years to complete and is reported to have cost 5.7 trillion VND (approximately 240 billion KRW, US$202 million). The Asian Development Bank is working on an infrastructure project which will construct an additional approach road to the bridge.
# Valērija Seile

Valērija Seile (Latgalian: Valereja Seile; 1891–1970) was a Latvian politician, educator, historian, librarian and writer.
She was educated in St Petersburg. She returned to Latvia in 1916, was the secretary of the Provisional Land Council of Latgale in 1917-18 and tended to much of its daily business. She was a part of the People's Council in 1918–20, was elected to the Constitutional Assembly in 1920 and served as deputy minister of Education in 1922. Between 1923 and 1940, she was a professor in Daugavpils at the Daugavpils State Teachers' Institute.

## Works

* "Latgolas liktini bēgļu laikmetā. Latgalīšu bīdreibas paleiga kara upurem darbeiba" (1934)
* "Sistematiskais leidz 1935. godam latgalīšu izlūksnē izdūtūs grōmotu rōdeitōjs" (1935)
* "Grāmatas Latgales latviešiem. Latgaliešu dialektā izdoto grāmatu chronoloģiskais, sistemātiskais autoru un izdevēju rādītājs (1585.-1936.)" (1936)
* "Paidagogikas vēsture. I daļa" (1943)
# Perkhuryevo, Novlenskoye Rural Settlement, Vologodsky District, Vologda Oblast

Perkhuryevo (Russian: Перхурьево) is a rural locality (a village) in Novlenskoye Rural Settlement, Vologodsky District, Vologda Oblast, Russia. The population was 8 as of 2002.

## Geography

The distance to Vologda is 56 km, to Novlenskoye is 2 km.
# El Badra

El Badra (Arabic: البذرة, transl. The seed) is an Algerian television series, produced and broadcast by Télévision Algérienne, directed by Mohamed Hazourli. It premiere from 2008 to 2010 on Télévision Algérienne, A3 and Canal Algérie.
It stars Mohammed Adjaimi, Fatiha Berber, Nidhal Doja and Asma Djermoune in the main role.

## Series overview

| Country | Title | Language | Channel | Originally aired | Originally aired |
| Country | Title | Language | Channel | First aired | Last aired |
| Algeria | البذرة (El Badra) | Algerian Arabic | Télévision Algérienne | 2008 (2008) | 2010 (2010) |
| Algeria | البذرة (El Badra) | Algerian Arabic | A3 | 2008 (2008) | 2010 (2010) |
| Algeria | البذرة (El Badra) | Algerian Arabic | Canal Algérie | 2008 (2008) | 2010 (2010) |
# Darreh Bid, Khuzestan

Darreh Bid (Persian: دره‌بید, also Romanized as Darreh Bīd and Darreh-ye Bīd; also known as Seyyed Yūnesī) is a village in Gazin Rural District, Raghiveh District, Haftgel County, Khuzestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 208, in 41 families.
# William Staite Murray

William Staite Murray (1881–1962) was an English studio potter.

## Biography

He was born in Deptford, London and attended pottery classes at Camberwell School of Arts and Crafts from 1909 - 1912. He worked with Cuthbert Hamilton, a member of the Vorticist group, at the Yeoman Pottery in Kensington before joining the army in 1915. In 1919, after his military service, he set up his own pottery in Rotherhithe, London in the premises of his brother's engineering and foundry works. Although initially influenced by the avant-garde art of the time he became increasingly interested in early Chinese ceramics, under the influence of which he began making high-fired stoneware in an oil-fired kiln. From Rotherhithe he moved his studio first to Brockley in Kent and then to in 1929 to Bray, Berkshire.
He rejected any need for functionality in his work, regarding his pots as pure art and giving them individual titles. In this respect, he was at variance with Bernard Leach and his followers, for whom functionality was a key tenet. Murray's aim was to raise the profile and reputation of pottery to a level where it would be regarded as equal to painting and sculpture. He was a member of the Seven and Five group of painters and sculptors, and held exhibitions jointly with the painters Ben and Winifred Nicholson and Christopher Wood. He was also a member of the Red Rose Guild.
He was made instructor in pottery at the Royal College of Art in London in 1926 and became an influential teacher in the 1930s, his pupils including Henry Hammond, Sam Haile, Robert J Washington, and Emma Smith Gillies. In 1940 he went on a three-month visit to Southern Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe) and decided to settle, in part because of the war. He gave up making pottery and died twenty years later although he had a final exhibition in London towards the end of his life.
In Rhodesia he was appointed Trustee of National Arts Council.
# Stegna, Przasnysz County

Stegna is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Jednorożec, within Przasnysz County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

## History

Stegna was a village by the Orzyc River initially settled in the early nineteenth century on the estate of Kazimierz Krasiński. It remained part of the Krasiński and Wawrzyńca estate until late in the nineteenth century.
In 1827 the settlement had 81 residents, and, by the middle of the nineteenth center, the village contained a dozen homes. By the late nineteenth century, the village counted 18 homes, 153 residents, on 260 land measures (mórg).
During the fighting of World War I, Stegna lay on the front line of battle from the spring of 1915 to July 1915, and much of the village was destroyed. Postwar inhabitants rebuilt the village, and, a census taken post-war, in 1921, counted 28 homes and 156 inhabitants, including three Jews.
The village is incorporated under the municipality of Gmina Jednorożec, which was established in 1867.
# Oyiradai

Oyiradai (Mongolian: Ойрадай; Chinese: 斡亦剌歹), (?–1425) was a khagan of the Northern Yuan dynasty, reigning from 1415 to 1425. Oyiradai ascended to the throne with the help of the Oirats after Delbeg Khan was killed by eastern Mongols led by Adai Khan or perished in a battle with the Ming dynasty in the same year. His ascent to the throne was meant to legitimize Oirat rule because he was a direct descendant of Ariq Böke. Oyiradai’s reign only covers western Mongolian Plateau but this was expanded near his death: during his rule, with help from the Ming dynasty, western Mongols headed by Toghan launched two significant campaigns in 1422 and 1423 against Arughtai chingsang and Adai Khan respectively, controlling eastern and central Mongol territory, and both resulted in victory for Oirats.
After Oyiradai Khan’s death in 1425, the conflicts among Oirats and western Mongol clans left the throne of khan vacant for several years, and it was not until 1433 when the Oirats finally crowned Taisun Khan (Toghtoa Bukha) as the new khan. Meanwhile, in the east, the Oirat’s rival eastern Mongol clans proclaimed Adai Khan as the Great Khan in 1425, which eventually resulted in half a decade of the simultaneous existence of two khans supported by opposing Mongol clans.
# Academia Espírito-santense de Letras

The Academia Espírito-santense de Letras (Portuguese for "Espírito Santo Literary Academy", acronym AEL) is a Brazilian literary society headquartered in Vitória, Espírito Santo.

## History

The academy was established in 1921 by Afonso Cláudio de Freitas Rosa, Alarico de Freitas, Sezefredo Garcia de Rezende, Aristeu Borges de Aguiar and other notable personalities. The academy aims to encourage culture, promote the creation of cultural associations, publicise and encourage reading and the creation of libraries, promote literary competitions, maintain exchanges with other associations, take part in projects aimed at cultural integration and carry out research with a view to the literary development of the State of Espírito Santo. Among the personalities who have been part of the academy are jurists, professors and journalists, as well as politicians, military personnel, religious people, civil servants, businesspeople and liberal professionals, all interested in culture and literature, such as Jerônimo Monteiro, João Clímaco, Graciano Neves and Aristóbulo Barbosa Leão.

## Current members

As of June 2024, the current members are:
* Bernadete Lyra
* Jorge Elias Neto
* Osvaldo Ovídio dos Santos
* Francisco Grijó
* Samuel Machado Duarte
* Francisco Aurélio Ribeiro
* Renata Bomfim
* João Baptista Herkenhoff
* Romulo Felippe
* Jonas Reis
* Evandro Moreira
* Gabriel Augusto de Mello Bittencourt
* Adilson Vilaça de Freitas
* Álvaro José dos Santos Silva
* Marcos Tavares
* Carlos Nejar
* Fernando Achiamé
* José Carlos Mattedi
* Neida Lúcia Moraes
* Humberto Del Maestro
* Oscar Gama
* Leonardo Passos Monjardim
* Maria das Graças Silva Neves
* Luiz Busatto
* Pedro J. Nunes
* José Roberto Santos Neves
* Ester Abreu
* Sérgio Bizzoto Pessoa de Mendonça
* João Gualberto Moreira Vasconcellos
* Wanda Alckmin
* Ítalo Campos
* Josina Nunes Drumond
* Getúlio Neves
* Matusalém Dias de Moura
* Marcos André Malta Dantas
* Douglas Puppin
* Fábio Daflon
* Magda Lugon
* José Ignácio Ferreira
* Anaximandro Amorim
There are also several corresponding members throughout Brazil and in other countries.
# Austan

Austan (Kyrgyz: Аустан, romanized: Austan) is a village in Batken Region of Kyrgyzstan. It is part of the Kadamjay District. Nearby towns and villages include Maydan (3 km or 2 mi) and Pum (8 km or 5 mi). Its population was 209 in 2021.
# Short order cooking

Short order cooking is the preparation of inexpensive restaurant foods that are quick to cook. Many small eateries serve only short-order items, which include griddled, fried, and grilled foods and sandwiches. Short order cooking is common at greasy spoons and diners.
A cook responsible for short order cooking is a short order cook. The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics defines the role of short order cooks as those who "prepare and cook to order a variety of foods that require only a short preparation time. May take orders from customers and serve patrons at counters or tables," and it specifically excludes fast food cooks. As of May 2019, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics estimates there were more than 150,000 short order cooks in the United States.
Diner lingo is a language associated with short order cooking.
# Cadoxton-juxta-Neath

Cadoxton (or in full Cadoxton-juxta-Neath) (Welsh: Llangatwg) is a village situated in Neath Port Talbot county borough, Wales. Cadoxton is located just outside the town of Neath and borders the villages of Cilfrew and Bryncoch. The village has 1,684 residents and is located in the Cadoxton ward. Cadoxton elected a Liberal Democrat representative in the 2008 council elections.

## History

The village's name in Welsh Llangatwg is equivalent to "St Catwg's" or the parish of Catwg/Cadoc. Cadoxton is the English language version, from "Cadoc's ton", ton meaning farmstead or village from Old English. Both versions of the name derive from the parish church, located in the centre of the village, which is dedicated to St. Catwg. The village developed its fuller name, Cadoxton-juxta-Neath, in order to differentiate it from Cadoxton, Vale of Glamorgan (also known as Cadoxton-juxta-Barry).

## Village character

The village consists of a main road of approximately 2 miles (3.2 km) running from the outskirts of the town of Neath to the village of Cilfrew, with smaller streets and housing estates feeding off. Cadoxton is home to two pubs, two newsagents and a park located in the centre of the village. Also in the village there is a community centre, a church hall, a garden centre, a funeral home and a guest house. Cadoxton was once home to a brewery, but this has now closed and new housing areas have been built up, seemingly closing the boundary between the village and the town of Neath. Housing in Cadoxton is mainly a mixture of relatively affluent estates consisting of detached housing, and smaller more traditional terraced accommodation. Crime is low in the village, and the area is generally considered to be one of the safest areas in the county.
Children from the village normally attend Catwg Primary School and then Llangatwg Comprehensive School, both located in the village. The secondary school accommodates students from numerous other villages in the area, some located up to 10 miles (16 km) away.
Also located in the village is Neath Golf Club, the course where past Ryder Cup player and captain Brian Huggett played as a junior.

## The church

The church of St.Catwg's is mentioned by W. H. Davies in his "Poet's Pilgrimage". Travelling through Cadoxton, Davies was struck by a gravestone in the churchyard which recorded the "SAVAGE MURDER" of a Margaret Williams in 1822 and promised her assailant a "TERRIBLE RIGHTEOUS JUDGEMENT". This is one of the very few murder stones in Wales.
# Bertl Schultes

Bertl Schultes (1881–1964) was a German comedy stage and film actor. He travelled with the director Franz Osten to India for the making of The Light of Asia in 1925, acting as an interpreter and assistant director.

## Selected filmography

* The Prodigal Son (1934)
* The Sinful Village (1940)
* The Fire Devil (1940)
* The Violin Maker of Mittenwald (1950)
* The Cloister of Martins (1951)
* Heimat Bells (1952)
* The Immortal Vagabond (1953)
* The Mill in the Black Forest (1953)
* The Hunter's Cross (1954)
* Two Bavarians in the Jungle (1957)
# Wilhelm Schulte

Wilheim Schulte (January 28, 1920 – November 19, 2005), also known professionally as Willy Schulte and Willi Schulte, was a German actor and writer. He has 151 film credits to his name, including Königlich Bayerisches Amtsgericht (1969), Tatort (1970) and Lindenstraße (1985).
# Opuchkovo

Opuchkovo (Russian: Опучково) is a rural locality (a village) in Staroselskoye Rural Settlement, Vologodsky District, Vologda Oblast, Russia. The population was 5 as of 2002.

## Geography

Opuchkovo is located 30 km southwest of Vologda (the district's administrative centre) by road. Nikulino is the nearest rural locality.
# Ogibalovo, Vologodsky District, Vologda Oblast

Ogibalovo (Russian: Огибалово) is a rural locality (a village) in Staroselskoye Rural Settlement, Vologodsky District, Vologda Oblast, Russia. The population was 8 as of 2002.

## Geography

Ogibalovo is located 35 km southwest of Vologda (the district's administrative centre) by road. Dorki is the nearest rural locality.
# Gary DePalma

Gary DePalma is a retired American soccer midfielder who played professionally in the USL A-League, National Professional Soccer League and second Major Indoor Soccer League.

## Youth

DePalma graduated from Upper St. Clair High School. He attended Virginia Wesleyan College where he was a 1995 NCAA Division III First Team and 1997 Third Team All American soccer player. Over his four-year collegiate career, DePalma scored 40 goals and added 29 goals in 87 games.

## Professional

In 1999, DePalma joined the newly founded Pittsburgh Riverhounds of the USL A-League. He played for the Riverhounds through the 2004 season. In the fall of 2000, he went on trial to Polish side Lechia Gdańsk. In February 2001, the Dallas Burn had selected DePalma in the fifth round (fifty-fifth overall) of the 2001 MLS SuperDraft but waived him soon after. In addition to playing outdoor soccer with the Riverhounds, DePalma had an extensive indoor career as well. In the fall of 1999, he signed with the Detroit Rockers of the National Professional Soccer League. He spent the entire 1999–2000 season with the Rockers, but missed half of the 2000–2001 season while in Poland. The Rockers folded in 2001 and on August 21, 2001, the Philadelphia KiXX selected DePalma with the thirty-third selection of the MISL Dispersal Draft. DePalma spent two season with the KiXX, winning the 2002 championship. He did not play during the 2003–2004 indoor season. In 2004, DePalma was selected by the St. Louis Steamers in the MISL Expansion Draft, but was later dealt via a three-team deal involving Sipho Sibiya and Lee Edgerton to the Cleveland Force on June 11, 2004. The Philadelphia KiXX acquired the rights to DePalma in the 2005 MISL Dispersal Draft, but did not sign DePalma until January 5, 2006.
In July 2024, DePalma was named to the Riverhounds SC Hall of Fame.
# Nikitino, Spasskoye Rural Settlement, Vologodsky District, Vologda Oblast

Nikitino (Russian: Никитино) is a rural locality (a village) in Spasskoye Rural Settlement, Vologodsky District, Vologda Oblast, Russia. The population was 5 as of 2002.

## Geography

The distance to Vologda is 63.6 km, to Nepotyagovo is 31 km. Kruglitsa is the nearest rural locality.
# Nguyễn Văn Minh

Nguyễn Văn Minh (1929-2006) was a general in the Army of the Republic of Vietnam (ARVN) during the Vietnam War.

## Military career

Minh entered military service during the First Indochina War in 1950 as an airborne officer serving in the Vietnamese National Army. Minh was dispatched to An Giang Province, in the Mekong Delta, and served as provincial chief until Diem's death in 1963. He was sometimes known as "Little Minh" to distinguish him from the much larger (physically) Dương Văn Minh, known as "Big Minh".
In 1964, he became deputy commander of the 21st Division in the IV Corps Tactical Zone. In 1965 Minh was promoted to brigadier general and given command of the division. By 1967 Brigadier general William Desobry, the American senior adviser, considered the 21st Division under Minh the best in the ARVN.$^{:248}$ However the senior U.S. officer in IV Corps, Major general George S. Eckhardt, had recommended his dismissal, noting that he was "very temperamental and has frequently requested relief when under stress or when at odds with [the] corps commander."$^{:312}$
Following the May Offensive of 1968, he was given the command of the Capital Military District by his close friend President Nguyễn Văn Thiệu. His uncle Trần Văn Hương served as Prime minister under Thiệu.$^{:478}$
Upon the death of the commander of III Corps, Lieutenant General Do Cao Tri during the Cambodian Incursion of 1970, Minh was promoted and became Corps commander. American evaluations, however, remained unchanged. Lieutenant general Michael S. Davison described him as "burned out" and "desperate", while Major general Jack J. Wagstaff reported that he was "over worked" and "highly emotional" ("as is well known") and that his decisions were "colored largely by his sensing of the moment.$^{:478}$
U.S. advisors found his performance during the North Vietnamese Easter Offensive of 1972 "wanting."$^{:485}$ Following the offensive Minh remained in command of III Corps despite continued American insistence that he be replaced.$^{:486}$
On 27 October 1973 Thiệu transferred Minh back to command of the Capital Military District.$^{:121–3}$
On 3 April 1975 after Minh had served as ARVN inspector general Thiệu once again transferred Minh back to command of the Capital Military District.$^{:393}$

## Honours
### National honours

* Grand Cross of the National Order of Vietnam

### Foreign honour

* USA :
** Officer of the Legion of Merit
** Presidential Unit Citation (Army)
* Thailand :
** Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Crown of Thailand
# Nepotyagovo

Nepotyagovo (Russian: Непотягово) is a rural locality (a settlement) and the administrative center of Spasskoye Rural Settlement, Vologodsky District, Vologda Oblast, Russia. The population was 1,200 as of 2002. There are 31 streets.

## Geography

Nepotyagovo is located 11 km southwest of Vologda (the district's administrative centre) by road. Kudrino is the nearest rural locality.
# Nefedovo, Vologodsky District, Vologda Oblast

Nefedovo (Russian: Нефедово) is a rural locality (a village) in Novlenskoye Rural Settlement, Vologodsky District, Vologda Oblast, Russia. The population was 250 as of 2002. There are five streets.

## Geography

Nefedovo is located 82 km northwest of Vologda (the district's administrative centre) by road. Malgino is the nearest rural locality.