OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Ahelaid

Ahelaid is a small uninhabited islet in Estonia. It lies in the Baltic Sea, south-east of Hiiumaa island. It has a surface area of 25 hectares. It is part of the Hiiumaa Islets Landscape Reserve.
Ahelaid lies 10.5 km from the Sarve Peninsula on Hiiumaa, 14 km from the Salinõmme peninsula on Hiiumaa and 6.5 km from Tammiski nukk on Muhu. Although it is closer to Muhu than to Hiiumaa, it is administered as part of Hiiu County. Near the island are some smaller islets: to the north, stony Aherahu; to the west Ankrurahu, which has some vegetation; to the east Luigerahu and to the northeast a few stone piles barely above the sea level called Kajakarahud.
The average height of the islet is below 2 meters and the highest point is 4.6 meters.
There are 45 bird species nesting on the islet annually, including sedge warbler (Acrocephalus schoenobaenus), Arctic tern (Sterna paradisaea) and whitethroat (Sylvia communis). All together 60 species of birds have been recorded.
The islet is also known as Hakilaid, probably from the common eider (Somateria mollissima) (Estonian: hahk).
There has been no habitation on the islet. People from both Muhu and Hiiumaa have gathered hay there in summer as until the end of the 19th century there was a shortage of land for hay. The islet may also have been used as pasture. There has been a fishermen's hut on the islet.
# Muravyovo, Vologodsky District, Vologda Oblast

Muravyovo (Russian: Муравьево) is a rural locality (a village) in Prilukskoye Rural Settlement, Vologodsky District, Vologda Oblast, Russia. The population was 3 as of 2002.

## Geography

Muravyovo is located 17 km northeast of Vologda (the district's administrative centre) by road. Vedrovo is the nearest rural locality.
# Mumbai IX

Mumbai Internet Exchange (Mumbai IX) is a subsidiary of the German Internet exchange point (IXP) DE-CIX, founded on 15 August 2014 as Mumbai Convergence Hub (Mumbai CH) as an Open Carrier Neutral Internet Exchange & Peering Hub. As of 30 March 2021 it interconnects more than 375 members, making it the largest IXP in India and surrounding region.
It's a subsidiary of Germany-based DE-CIX and is rebranded as DE-CIX Mumbai, not be confused with National Internet Exchange of India.

## Organisation

Mumbai Internet Exchange is composed of a non-profit association model focus on improving Internet experience of Indian users. It is currently run by DE-CIX and are currently serving 375+ members spread across all over India.

## Network

As of 30 March 2021, Mumbai Internet Exchange network has 8 PoP in Mumbai Urban.
* Web Werks Mum DC2, Rabale, Navi Mumbai.
* Netmagic DC 5,Chandivali, Mumbai.
* STT Telemedia DC( Tata LVSB ) Prabhadevi, Mumbai.
* GPX IDC, Chandivali, Mumbai
* Sify Rabale, Navi Mumbai
* Netmagic DC 6, Mumbai
* Netmagic DC 7, Mumbai
* GPX Mumbai 2, Mumbai

## Other Locations

DE-CIX Mumbai formerly known as Mumbai IX now holding national license has expanded its facilities to new cities in 2019, all data center and carrier neutral and allow the settlement free exchange of traffic. The new locations are:
* DE-CIX Delhi (ST Telemedia Banglasahib (Tata VSB))
* DE-CIX Chennai (Bharti Airtel Santhome)
* DE-CIX Kolkata (ST Telemedia Kolkata (Tata Communications))

## Ports of connection

Services are available through following types of port and several bandwidth options.
| Port | Traffic |
| 1 Gbit/s LX | traffic up to 100Mbit/s |
| 1 Gbit/s LX | 1G |
| 10 Gbit/s LR | 10G |
| 100 Gbit/s | 100G |

## Services

Mumbai Internet Exchange offers the following professional services:
* Public peering: Unicast & multicast IPv4, unicast IPv6
* Private peering (Closed user group)
* Routes servers (with the communities feature)
* Web Portal: private login per member, personal detailed traffic statistics.
* 24/7 NOC

## Community

Mumbai Internet Exchange community comes from all around the world. Any organisation which owns an Autonomous System Number (also known as ASN) can be connected to Mumbai IX. The connected members of the Internet exchange point have various profiles:
* Social media
* Ecommerce
* ISP / Internet Access Providers / Telcos
* CDN Provider (Content Delivery Network)
* Hosting companies
* Cloud providers
* IPTV Networks
* Corporations
* DNS Root Server
* Email and Hosting

## Awards and recognition

Mumbai Internet Exchange was Recognized as a Top Digital Innovator at 2016 Digital India Summit in the Digital Start-up Innovators category.
Mumbai Internet Exchange was Recognized as a Top Digital Innovator at the 2017 Digital India Summit in the Digital Start-up Innovators category for the second year in a row.
In September 2017 Mumbai IX received the prestigious Open-IX Certification from the Open-IX Association, making the Mumbai IX Asia's only IXP with Open-IX certification for its state-of-the-art technical standards.
# Stoczek, Węgrów County

Stoczek is a village in Węgrów County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Stoczek. It lies approximately 18 kilometres (11 mi) north of Węgrów and 73 km (45 mi) north-east of Warsaw.
# Cheilopogon pinnatibarbatus

Cheilopogon pinnatibarbatus, Bennett's flying fish, is a species of flying fish which has a circumglobal distribution in tropical and subtropical seas. It is an epiplegaic species which feeds on zooplankton and small fishes and is capable of leaping out of the water and gliding over the surface.

## Subspecies

There are four subspecies of this widely distributed flying fish:
* Cheilopogon pinnatibarbatus pinnatibarbatus (Bennett, 1831) (Bennett's flyingfish) - Atlantic and western Indian Ocean
* Cheilopogon pinnatibarbatus californicus (J. G. Cooper, 1863) (California flyingfish) - Eastern Pacific Ocean, from Oregon to Baja California
* Cheilopogon pinnatibarbatus japonicus (V. Franz, 1910) - north western Pacific Ocean, around Japan
* Cheilopogon pinnatibarbatus melanocercus (J. D. Ogilby, 1885) (Australasian flying fish) - southwestern Pacific, eastern Australia and New Zealand
# Critical graph

In graph theory, a critical graph is an undirected graph all of whose proper subgraphs have smaller chromatic number. In such a graph, every vertex or edge is a critical element, in the sense that its deletion would decrease the number of colors needed in a graph coloring of the given graph. Each time a single edge or vertex (along with its incident edges) is removed from a critical graph, the decrease in the number of colors needed to color that graph cannot be by more than one.

## Variations

A $k$-critical graph is a critical graph with chromatic number $k$. A graph $G$ with chromatic number $k$ is $k$-vertex-critical if each of its vertices is a critical element. Critical graphs are the minimal members in terms of chromatic number, which is a very important measure in graph theory.
Some properties of a $k$-critical graph $G$ with $n$ vertices and $m$ edges:
* $G$ has only one component.
* $G$ is finite (this is the De Bruijn–Erdős theorem).
* The minimum degree $\delta (G)$ obeys the inequality $\delta (G)\geq k-1$. That is, every vertex is adjacent to at least $k-1$ others. More strongly, $G$ is $(k-1)$-edge-connected.
* If $G$ is a regular graph with degree $k-1$, meaning every vertex is adjacent to exactly $k-1$ others, then $G$ is either the complete graph $K_{k}$ with $n=k$ vertices, or an odd-length cycle graph. This is Brooks' theorem.
* $2m\geq (k-1)n+k-3$.
* $2m\geq (k-1)n+\lfloor (k-3)/(k^{2}-3)\rfloor n$.
* Either $G$ may be decomposed into two smaller critical graphs, with an edge between every pair of vertices that includes one vertex from each of the two subgraphs, or $G$ has at least $2k-1$ vertices. More strongly, either $G$ has a decomposition of this type, or for every vertex $v$ of $G$ there is a $k$-coloring in which $v$ is the only vertex of its color and every other color class has at least two vertices.
Graph $G$ is vertex-critical if and only if for every vertex $v$, there is an optimal proper coloring in which $v$ is a singleton color class.
As Hajós (1961) showed, every $k$-critical graph may be formed from a complete graph $K_{k}$ by combining the Hajós construction with an operation that identifies two non-adjacent vertices. The graphs formed in this way always require $k$ colors in any proper coloring.
A double-critical graph is a connected graph in which the deletion of any pair of adjacent vertices decreases the chromatic number by two. It is an open problem to determine whether $K_{k}$ is the only double-critical $k$-chromatic graph.
# Eyik

Eyik (Russian: Эйик; Yakut: Ээйик, Eeyik) is a rural locality (a selo), the only inhabited locality, and the administrative center of Shologonsky National Rural Okrug of Olenyoksky District in the Sakha Republic, Russia, located 550 kilometers (340 mi) from Olenyok, the administrative center of the district. Its population as of the 2010 Census was 344, down from 346 recorded during the 2002 Census.

## Geography

Eyik is located by the northern shore of lake Eyik in the eastern part of the Central Siberian Plateau. The source of the Tyukyan river is close to the village.
# Karbunarë

Karbunarë (Albanian definite form: Karbunara) is a former municipality in the Fier County, western Albania. At the 2015 local government reform it became a subdivision of the municipality Lushnjë. The population at the 2023 census was 2,692.
The municipal unit has nine villages under its jurisdiction:
* Balaj
* Biçakaj
* Karbunarë e Sipërme
* Kasharaj
* Kashtbardhë
* Murriz
* Skilaj
* Stan-Karbunarë
* Zgjanë
Although Karbunara is located in the Myzeqe region where many of Albanian Orthodox backgrounds live, it is a center of the heterodox Islamic Halveti Order, which is often mistaken for (but not the same as) the Bektashi Order. The town of Karbunara contains both a Halveti tekke and a Halveti tyrbe. In addition to the numerous residents of Halveti background, there are also some of Orthodox backgrounds as well as non-Halveti Muslim backgrounds, and in modern days there are also many irreligious individuals.
# Marc'Antonio Pasqualini

Marco Antonio Pasqualini (stage name Malagigi; Rome, 25 April 1614 – Rome, 2 July 1691) was an Italian castrato opera singer who performed during the Baroque period. He has been described as "the leading male soprano of his day". He was also a composer, having written more than 250 arias and cantatas.
Despite being historically addressed as a soprano, Pasqualini's vocal range extended no higher than B5. Thus, he was a mezzo-soprano by modern classification.

## Life and career

Marc'Antonio Pasqualini began his singing career at a very young age. On 1 April 1623, at the age of nine, he entered the choir of the Church of San Luigi dei Francesi in Rome, where he completed his studies with Vincenzo Ugolini. From 1629 he was in the service of Cardinal Antonio Barberini junior. Under the protection of the cardinal he entered the choir of the Sistine Chapel in January 1631, at the age of 17, and in 1655 he was appointed maestro di cappella of the chapel.
In 1647 at the invitation of Cardinal Jules Mazarin, Pasqualini stayed in Paris, where he participated in the creation of the opera Orfeo by his composer Luigi Rossi on a libretto by Francesco Buti. In the opera, successfully premiered on 2 March 1647 at the Palais-Royal in Paris with Atto Melani and Jacopo Melani, Pasqualini played the role of Aristeo.
He retired from his duties in 1659.

## Patrons

From 1631/2 Pasqualini was a protagonist of many operas produced at the Palazzo Barberini and Teatro delle Quattro Fontane. He benefited greatly from the generosity of his patrons, the Barberini family of Pope Urban VIII, who were enthusiastic supporters of early opera.
Pasqualini is thought to have conducted an ongoing homosexual relationship with one of his patrons, Cardinal Antonio Barberini. Contemporary testimony leaves little doubt that the "veritable passion" the cardinal felt extended to more than Pasqualini's beautiful voice.
# Radman Al Awadh

Radman Al Awadh (Arabic: ردمان آل عوض) is a sub-district located in Radman Al Awad District, Al Bayda Governorate, Yemen. Radman Al Awadh had a population of 1298 according to the 2004 census.
# Lithuanian National Prize for Culture and Arts

The Lithuanian National Prize for Culture and Arts (Lithuanian: Nacionalinė kultūros ir meno premija), established in 1989, is an award granted for achievements in culture and the arts. It has been awarded annually in six categories since 2006 (between 1989 and 2006 there were nine categories). The prize is formally bestowed on February 16, when the decorations and diplomas are presented to the laureates at Presidential Palace, commemorating the anniversary of the 1918 Act of Independence of Lithuania.
The award honors significant recent achievements in cultural fields and works by artists or art collectives. The honorees may be citizens of Lithuania or members of the Lithuanian World Community. When the award was first established, works accomplished during the previous five years were considered; this period was extended to seven years in 2008. The candidacies are open each year until September 15, and the winners are announced on December 15. Each "Lithuanian National Prize" consists of a memorial sign, a diploma, and a monetary grant (circa 104,000 litas). A single person can only receive the National Prize once.
The candidates for the Prize are now nominated by professional associations and societies; before 2008 the nominations could be made by members of the public. The laureates are selected by a special committee.
As of May 2008 there were 156 laureates of the Prize.
# OSiR Stadium (Olsztyn)

Stadion OSiR w Olsztynie (OSiR Stadium in Olsztyn) is a multi-use stadium in Olsztyn, Poland. It is currently used mostly for football matches and is the home ground of OKS 1945 Olsztyn. The stadium has a capacity of 16,800 people.

## History

The stadium was built in the 1970s. In 1994–2002, Stomil Olsztyn played its games in Polish First League there. On 24 June 1989 a game of the Polish Cup between Jagiellonia Białystok and Legia Warszawa (2:5) was played on the stadium. The match was watched by 20,000 fans. On 24 September 1997 venue also hosted friendly football match between Poland and Lithuania (2:0).
# Vyacheslav Akhunov

Vyacheslav Akhunov (Kyrgyz: Вячеслав Ахунов; Uzbek: Vyacheslav Oxunov; born 1948), is a Kyrgyz-born Uzbek visual artist, and author. He is known for performance art, video art, and painting. Akhunov lives in Tashkent, Uzbekistan.

## Biography

Vyacheslav Akhunov was born in 1948 in Osh, Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republic (present day Kyrgyzstan), his mother was Russian and his father was Uzbek. He graduated in 1979 from Moscow State Institute of Art (now Moscow School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture).
He has actively spoken out about being silenced during the Soviet years, which inspired his large-scale installation work, Breathe Quietly (1976–2013).
Some of his notable art exhibitions include the 2nd Yinchuan Biennale, China (2018); BALAGAN!!!, Berlin (2015); 5th Moscow Biennale (2013); Pavilion of Central Asia at the Venice Biennale (2013, 2007, 2005); 1st Kiev Biennale (2012), Documenta (2013), Ostalgia, New Museum, New York (2011); Time of the Storytellers, KIASMA, Helsinki (2007); Montreal Biennale (2007); and 1st Singapore Biennale (2006).
Akhunov's work is in museum collections include the Urganch Photo Gallery (Uzbek: Urganch Suratlar Galereyasi), and the Auckland Art Gallery.

## Publications

* Akhunov, Vyacheslav; Ahmady, Leeza (2012). Vyacheslav Akhunov (art exhibition). dOCUMENTA (13): 100 Notizen. Hatje Cantz. ISBN 9783775729093.
* Tlostanova, Madina (2018). "Chapter 4. Beyond Dependencies: A Talk With Vyacheslav Akhunov, the Lonely Ranger of Uzbek Contemporary Art". What Does It Mean to Be Post-Soviet?: Decolonial Art from the Ruins of the Soviet Empire. Duke University Press. p. 99. ISBN 9780822371632.
# Thao River

Thao River (Vietnamese: sông Thao) is the upper stretch of the Red River, originates from Weishan Yi and Hui Autonomous County, Yunnan Province, China, flows through three Vietnamese provinces, including Lao Cai Province, Yen Bai Province and Phu Tho Province. Thao River merges with Black River and Lo River at Viet Tri City, Phu Tho Province, Vietnam.
The river in China is called Yuan River (Chinese: 元江; Vietnamese: Nguyên Giang).
The river is known for Song Thao Campaign by Viet Minh in 1949, during the First Indochina War. The campaign started on 19 May and ended on 18 July, with the victory of Viet Minh over the French.
# James Huggan

James Laidlaw Huggan (11 October 1888 – 16 September 1914) was a Scotland rugby union player. He was killed in World War I at the First Battle of the Aisne.

## Early life

James Huggan was born in Jedburgh on 11 October 1888. He was educated at Darlington Grammar School before reading medicine at the University of Edinburgh.

## Rugby Union career
### Amateur career

Huggan played for Jed-Forest. On moving to Edinburgh University to study he then played for Edinburgh University.
He then moved to play for London Scottish.

### Provincial career

He played for the South of Scotland in 1910.

### International career

He had taken part in the last rugby international before the war, the Calcutta Cup match at Inverleith (Edinburgh) in March 1914, scoring three tries in the game.

## Military career

Huggan was a lieutenant of the Royal Army Medical Corps, attached to the 3rd Battalion Coldstream Guards. He is commemorated at La Ferté-sous-Jouarre memorial. He died two days after Ronald Simson, another Scottish player, who was the first rugby international to die in the conflict, and who was also at the Aisne.
Huggan is among the 133 names of rugby players killed in the Great War on the memorial at Fromelles in north France.
# Gazar, Iran

Gazar (Persian: گازار) is a village in Shakhenat Rural District of Shakhenat District, Birjand County, South Khorasan province, Iran, serving as capital of both the district and the rural district.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the village's population was 520 in 207 households, when it was in the Central District. The following census in 2011 counted 669 people in 200 households. The 2016 census measured the population of the village as 622 people in 224 households.
After the census, the rural district was separated from the district in the formation of Shakhenat District.
# Molitvino

Molitvino (Russian: Молитвино) is a rural locality (a village) in Sosnovskoye Rural Settlement, Vologodsky District, Vologda Oblast, Russia. The population was 5 as of 2002.

## Geography

Molitvino is located 21 km southwest of Vologda (the district's administrative centre) by road. Kindeyevo is the nearest rural locality.
# Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language

Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language (Russian: Толко́вый слова́рь ру́сского языка́) is a lexicographic group name for dictionaries. The definition "explanatory" word does not necessarily appear in the title name of these vocabularies. Among the most known explanatory dictionaries of the Russian language are:
* Explanatory Dictionary of the Live Great Russian language, AKA Dahl's Explanatory Dictionary, 4 volumes, Russian Empire, 1st edition 1863–1866
* Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language (Ushakov), 4 volumes, USSR, 1935–1940
* Dictionary of the Russian Language (Ozhegov), 1 volume, USSR, 1st edition 1949
# Stok Ruski

Stok Ruski is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Mordy, within Siedlce County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately 5 kilometres (3 mi) west of Mordy, 14 km (9 mi) north-east of Siedlce, and 99 km (62 mi) east of Warsaw.
# Bulungʻur

Bulungʻur (Uzbek: Bulung’ur/Булунғур) is a city in Samarqand Region, Uzbekistan. It is the capital of Bulungʻur District. The town's population was 21,030 people in 1989, and 29,200 in 2016.
# Arratzu

Arratzu is a town and municipality located in the province of Biscay, in the autonomous community of the Basque Country, northern Spain.
# Jaja, Iran

Jaja (Persian: جاجا) may refer to:
* Jaja, Isfahan
* Jaja, Tiran and Karvan, Isfahan Province
# Giovanni Maria Scorzuto

Giovanni Maria Scorzuto (fl. 1625 – c. 1636) was an Italian composer and organist. He was maestro di cappella at the M. Comunità of Asola, Trevigiana from at least 1625 through 1636; possibly there before and after. His only known work is the motet O bone Jesu for soprano and continuo. It was published in Leonardo Simonetti's collection Ghirlanda sacra, 1625. Nothing else is known about Scorzuto.
# Estonian State Publishing House

Estonian State Publishing House (Estonian: Eesti Riiklik Kirjastus, abbreviation ERK) was a Soviet Estonian state publisher. The publisher existed between 1949 and 1964. Its successor is Eesti Raamat. The headquarter located in Tallinn.
During its existence, it was the most important publisher in Soviet Estonia. In total, the publisher was published about 9000 books and booklets, with total print run of 80 million.
# Josef Eichheim

Josef Theodor Ludwig Eichheim (23 February 1888 – 13 November 1945) was a German film actor.

## Selected filmography

* I Lost My Heart in Heidelberg (1926)
* The Women's War (1928)
* Behind Monastery Walls (1928)
* Peter Voss, Thief of Millions (1932)
* Kiki (1932)
* Night of Temptation (1932)
* S.A.-Mann Brand (1933)
* A Woman Like You (1933)
* Must We Get Divorced? (1933)
* The Love Hotel (1933)
* The Tunnel (1933)
* The Legacy of Pretoria (1934)
* The Switched Bride (1934)
* Between Heaven and Earth (1934)
* Little Dorrit (1934)
* The Tannhof Women (1934)
* The Double (1934)
* Knockout (1935)
* The Blonde Carmen (1935)
* The King's Prisoner (1935)
* The Monastery's Hunter (1935)
* The Hunter of Fall (1936)
* Street Music (1936)
* The Unsuspecting Angel (1936)
* The Voice of the Heart (1937)
* Meiseken (1937)
* Gordian the Tyrant (1937)
* Serenade (1937)
* Storms in May (1938)
* Frau Sixta (1938)
* Fools in the Snow (1938)
* Three Wonderful Days (1939)
* The Sinful Village (1940)
* Left of the Isar, Right of the Spree (1940)
* Roses in Tyrol (1940)
* Venus on Trial (1941)
* Love is Duty Free (1941)
* The Little Residence (1942)
* Kohlhiesel's Daughters (1943)
* Wild Bird (1943)
* Melody of a Great City (1943)
* Music in Salzburg (1944)
* The Court Concert (1948)
# Killearn

Killearn (Scottish Gaelic: Cill Fhearann, from orig. Ceann Fhearann, "Head/End of (the) Land/Territory"; until the 15th century when Ceann was replaced by Cill; denoting the presence of a house of worship) – is a small village of approximately 1700 people in the Stirling council area of Scotland.
The village has its own primary school, a local Co-Op store, a pre and post school club - The Little Outdoor Classroom, and two nurseries - Mulberrybush Montessori and Heron House
The village is approximately 15 miles (24 kilometres) north of Glasgow, 7 miles (11 kilometres) east of Loch Lomond, and sits on the northwest flank of the Campsie Fells, most predominantly in the shadow of the volcanic plug of Dumgoyne, overlooking the confluence of the Endrick Water and Blane Water.
The Glengoyne whisky distillery, Loch Lomond and the Trossachs National Park and West Highland Way long-distance walking route are situated close to the village.
The residential special school of Ballikinrain is also located in Killearn Parish, and caters for boys with special needs from throughout Scotland. (The school has been earmarked for closure in July 2015).
The Church of Scotland congregation at Killearn Kirk falls under the Presbytery of Stirling, within the Synod of Forth. Within the Roman Catholic Church, Killearn falls under the Parish of Saint Anthony within the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Saint Andrews and Edinburgh; although the Catholic community in Killearn is served by St. Anthony's Church in the neighbouring town of Balfron.

## George Buchanan

Killearn was the birthplace of the historian and humanist scholar George Buchanan, (February 1506 – 28 September 1582). Buchanan belonged to the Monarchomach movement, which advocated of a form of popular sovereignty. Born at The Moss, Killearn, a monument, (Obelisk), at the centre of the village is dedicated to Buchanan.