OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Vadya

Vadya (Sanskrit: वाद्य, vādya), also called vadyaka or atodya, is one of the three components of sangita (musical performance arts), and refers to "instrumental music" in the Indian traditions. The other two components of sangita are gita (vocal music, song) and nritya (dance, movement). In the general sense, vadya means an instrument and the characteristic music they produce, sound, or play out.

## Indian musicology

The term vadya in the sense of "music, sounded, played, uttered" appears in Vedic literature such as the Aitareya Brahmana, and in early post-Vedic era Sanskrit texts such as the Natya Shastra, Panchatantra, Malvikagnimitra, and Kathasaritsagara. These texts refer to the musician or instrumental performer as vadyadhara. A stringed instrument is described with proportional lengths in Jaiminiya Brahmana and Aitareya Aranyaka, and these are compared to poetical meters. The 17th-century text Sangita Darpana defines sangita (musical arts) as "gītam vādyam tathā nrityam trayan sangīta muchyate", meaning sangita comprises gīta (vocal music), vādya (instrumental music), and nritya (dance).

### Classification of instruments

Sanskrit literature describes four types of vadya:
* Tantu: stringed musical instrument (chordophone)
* Susira: hollow musical instrument (aerophone)
* Ghana: solid musical instrument (idiophone)
* Avanaddha: covered musical instrument (membranophone)

### Ensembles and orchestras

The chapter 14 of the Saṅgītaśiromaṇi describes musical ensembles based on a collective performance of vadya instruments by musicians, and it calls such a band orchestra as a kutapa.

## Cultural exchange

The term vadya also appears in the Buddhist Sanskrit text Sukhavativyuha, influential in the Chinese and Japanese traditions, which Luis Gomez translates as "instrumental music".
In Hindu-Javanese music tradition, vadya is called vaditra. According to Roger Blench, most scholars consider the term valiha (a Madagascar tube zither instrument) to be rooted in the Sanskrit term vadya, reflecting a period of cultural exchange over the Indian Ocean.
# Robert Foth

Robert James Foth (born July 3, 1958) is an American sport shooter. He was born in Buffalo, New York. He won a silver medal in 50 metre rifle three positions at the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona. Foth was born in Buffalo, New York.
# Xanthodes intersepta

Xanthodes intersepta is a moth of the family Nolidae first described by Achille Guenée in 1852. It is found in India, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, China, Hong Kong, Japan, the Ryukyu Islands, the Philippines, Indonesia and Java.

## Description

It is similar to its sympatric species Xanthodes transversa. But it differs from X. transversa in having the pure white palpi. The vertex of the head is whitish. Thorax and abdomen bright yellow. Legs reddish brown. Tibia covered with long hairs. Forewings bright yellow. Transverse black lines are reduced to a series of specks. Antemedial series curved. A large bright rufous triangular patch runs from just below the apex. Cilia rufous. Hindwings reddish-brown suffusion with rufous outer margin.
Its larval host plant is Abelmoschus esculentus.
# Sid Weiss

Sid Weiss (April 30, 1914 – March 30, 1994) was an American jazz double-bassist, active principally as a sideman for white jazz musicians in the 1930s and 1940s.

## Early life

Weiss was born in Schenectady, New York, on April 30, 1914. "He played violin, clarinet, and tuba before changing to double bass in his teens."

## Later life and career

Weiss started playing in New York around 1931, working that decade with Louis Prima, Bunny Berigan, Wingy Manone, Artie Shaw, Tommy Dorsey, Charlie Barnet, and Adrian Rollini. He was with Benny Goodman from 1941 to 1945, then played in the second half of the 1940s and the early 1950s with Muggsy Spanier, Pee Wee Russell, Cozy Cole, Bud Freeman, Duke Ellington, and Eddie Condon. He quit full-time performing after moving to Los Angeles in 1954. He died in San Bernardino County, California, on March 29, 1994.
# Felix Dahn

Felix Ludwig Julius Dahn (9 February 1834 – 3 January 1912) was a German law professor and nationalist author, poet and historian.

## Biography

Felix Ludwig Julius Dahn was born in Hamburg as the oldest son of Friedrich (1811–1889) and Constanze Dahn who were notable actors at the city's theatre. The family had both German and French roots. Dahn began his studies in law and philosophy in Munich (he had moved there with his parents in 1834), and graduated as Doctor of Laws in Berlin. After his habilitation treatise, Dahn became a lecturer of German Law in Munich in 1857. In 1863 he became senior lecturer/associate professor in Würzburg, received a professorship in Königsberg (in 1872).
Dahn was married to the artist Sophie Fries (1835–1898), with whom he had a son. He tutored baroness Therese von Droste-Hülshoff, a relative of the poet Annette von Droste-Hülshoff, in poetry from 1867 and entered an illicit love affair with her, which he gave a literary treatment in his Sind Götter? (1874). He divorced his wife and married Therese, against opposition from both families, in 1873.
Dahn relocated to University of Breslau in 1888, again as a full professor, and was elected rector of the university in 1895. As rector, he enforced a ban on Polish student associations.

## Works

Dahn's writings were influential in the conception of the European Migration Period (Völkerwanderung ) in German historiography of the late 19th and early 20th centuries. His multi-volume Prehistory of the Germanic and Roman Peoples, a chronology of the Migration Period that first appeared in print in 1883, was so definitive that abbreviated versions were reprinted until the late 1970s.
From the 1860s, Dahn regularly wrote for Die Gartenlaube, Germany's most popular family magazine. His nationalist historical novels were widely received, and according to Houdsen (1997) were influential in the formation of the völkisch ideology that formed the "Germany's pre-Hitlerian intellectual background for National Socialism". His 1876 Ein Kampf um Rom according to Kipper (2002) contributed to the ethnic essentialism and opposition to ethnic miscegenation of the "völkisch avant-garde".
Dahn published numerous poems, many with a nationalist bent. His Mette von Marienburg portrays bands of "Masures and Poles" hiding in the "Podolian forest".
Besides his historical and literary production, Dahn also published a large amount of specialist legal literature, on topics such as trade law and international law.
# Dekh Bhai Dekh (film)

Dekh Bhai Dekh (Hindi: देख भाई देख; transl. Look, brother, look) is a 2009 Bollywood comedy film directed by Rahat Kazmi featuring Gracy Singh and Siddharth Koirala in the lead roles.
# NRAO 530

NRAO 530 or PKS 1730-13 is a flat-spectrum radio quasar located in the southern constellation of Serpens. It has a redshift of 0.902. and was first discovered by two astronomers, W.J. Welch and Hyron Spinrad in 1973. It is classified as a blazar because of its optical variability across the electromagnetic spectrum in radio, gamma ray and X-ray bands. This quasar is also further categorized an OVV quasar.

## Description

Like many other blazars, NRAO 530 is shown to be in a flaring state. In 1994, it showed a striking flare that was observed in radio and millimeter wavelengths in its 30-year history with two of its distinctive flares nearly tripling the 90 GHz flux. A short X-ray flare was detected in February 2004 by INTEGRAL, with the source being detected in the 20-40 keV energy range at the level of ≈2 x 10$^{−10}$ erg cm$^{−2}$ s$^{−1}$. In 2010, there was increased gamma-ray flux from the blazar leading to a high amplitude outburst.
NRAO 530 contains a core-jet structure showing detections of superluminal motions in 5 of the jet components with projected velocities between the range of 13.6 and 25.2c. Additionally, the structure's compact component (the radio core) is found to be the strongest with polarized emission around it. There is an extended radio structure present containing slight emission knots being aligned in a confined curved western jet, terminating at a hot spot location. When situated close to the core, the jet abruptly bends, revealing an evolution of a position angle from north at projected VLBI scale distance of ~400 parsecs. This is then increased towards west at a larger VLBI scale of ~10 kiloparsecs. In the eastern side, a faint and broad counter-jet is seen ending at another bright hot spot creating a diffused lobe.
NRAO 530 has two-sided radio lobes, which the western lobe is found stronger compared to the eastern lobe and is linked to the core. Furthermore, the western lobe is located 11 arcsecs west by a position angle of -86°. An expanding halo was detected between 1994 and 1995 with an apparent projected velocity of 26 h$^{−1}$ c.
The supermassive black hole mass in NRAO 530 is uncertain with some studies estimating it between the ranges of 3 x 10$^8$ M$_ʘ$ and 2 x 10$^9$ M$_ʘ$.
# Shami-Damulla

Shami-Damulla (died 1932) (Russian: Шами-дамулла) was a nickname for Sa‘id ibn Muhammad ibn ‘Abd al-Wahid ibn ‘Ali al-‘Asali al-Tarablusi al-Shami al-Dimashqi, an important figure in the development of Islamic fundamentalism in Soviet Central Asia. Among his followers was Ziyauddin Babakhan, the second mufti of the Spiritual Administration of the Muslims of Central Asia and Kazakhstan.
Before settling in Central Asia in 1919, Shami-Damulla travelled to Iran, Afghanistan and Kashmir. Originally from Cairo, he was an Al-Azhar educated scholar. Shami-Dulla seems to have been influenced by the movement during the 15-20 years that he lived in Xinjiang; the Salafist movement was particularly influential in Xinjiang where it was a counter to Sufism. He moved to Tashkent in 1919 with the support of the Russian consul in Kashgar.
# Chernyshevsky (inhabited locality)

Chernyshevsky (Russian: Черныше́вский; masculine), Chernyshevskaya (Черныше́вская; feminine), or Chernyshevskoye (Черныше́вское; neuter) is the name of several inhabited localities in Russia:

## Rural localities

* Chernyshevsky, Altai Krai, a settlement in Mokhovskoy Selsoviet of Aleysky District of Altai Krai
* Chernyshevsky, Chelyabinsk Oblast, a settlement in Novopokrovsky Selsoviet of Kizilsky District of Chelyabinsk Oblast
* Chernyshevsky, Kursk Oblast, a khutor in Verkhnekhotemlsky Selsoviet of Fatezhsky District of Kursk Oblast
* Chernyshevsky, Novosibirsk Oblast, a settlement in Tatarsky District of Novosibirsk Oblast
* Chernyshevskoye, a settlement in Prigorodny Rural Okrug of Nesterovsky District of Kaliningrad Oblast
# War Memorial (Floriana)

The War Memorial (Maltese: Monument tal-Gwerra) is a memorial obelisk in Floriana, Malta, which commemorates the dead of World War I and World War II. It was inaugurated on 11 November 1938 by Governor Charles Bonham-Carter to the memory of those killed in World War I, but in 1949 it was rededicated to those killed in both world wars.
The monument was designed by Maltese artist Louis Naudi, who was influenced by Antonio Sciortino.
According to Mark G. Muscat, the War Memorial "is possibly the sole example of a work of art in Malta which up to a certain extent illustrates the idea of Futurism put forward by Marinetti and Sant'Elia in Italy... Naudi deserves credit for his successful attempt at breaking away from the British colonial architecture that was commonplace at the time... It would be more plausible to classify the War Memorial as an Art Deco stylistic expression... as an avant-garde aesthetic applied to hardstone construction, which gives Naudi's towering design an imposing look."
The monument is an obelisk in the form of a Latin cross, and it is built out of local globigerina limestone. It has four plaques showing the colonial badge of Malta and reproductions of a document issued by King George V in 1918 acknowledging Malta's role in World War I, the letter by which King George VI awarded the George Cross to Malta in 1942, and a 1943 scroll by President Franklin D. Roosevelt saluting Malta for its role in World War II.
The War Memorial is located on a site which was used for public executions when Malta was under Hospitaller rule. It is close to the Malta Memorial which is dedicated to Commonwealth aircrew who died in World War II, and memorials to the Royal Malta Artillery and The King's Own Malta Regiment. It was originally positioned halfway between City Gate and Ġlormu Cassar Avenue, but was relocated during the realigning of St. Anne Street in 1954. The memorial was restored and the area around it landscaped in the early 2010s. An eternal flame was installed at this point.
The President and Prime Minister as well as other dignitaries lay wreathes at the monument at an annual remembrance ceremony. The memorial is scheduled as a Grade 1 national monument.

## Gallery

* Front side
* Right side
* Left side
* Back side
* The imposing memorial is on a prominent roundabout
* Landscape around the memorial
* Memorial with eternal flames
# Pereleski

Pereleski (Russian: Перелески) is the name of several rural localities in Russia:
* Pereleski, Belgorod Oblast, a khutor in Prokhorovsky District, Belgorod Oblast
* Pereleski, Chernyakhovsky District, Kaliningrad Oblast, a village in Chernyakhovsky District in Kaliningrad Oblast
* Pereleski, Zelenogradsky District, Kaliningrad Oblast, a village in Zelenogradsky District in Kaliningrad Oblast
* Pereleski, Penza Oblast, a selo in Gorodishchensky District in Penza Oblast
* Pereleski, Yaroslavl Oblast, a village in Pereslavsky District in Yaroslavl Oblast
# Vatsala Deshmukh

Vatsala Deshmukh (Marathi: वत्सला देशमुख; 1930 – 12 March 2022) was an Indian Marathi and Hindi actress.

## Life and career

Deshmukh started her career as a model and later joined the show business. She made her screen debut with the Hindi movie "Toofan and Deeya", directed by Prabhat Kumar.
Deshmukh's younger sister, Vijaya Deshmukh, was married to V. Shantaram, and became known as an actress Sandhya Shantaram. Deshmukh was the mother of actress Ranjana Deshmukh. She died on 12 March 2022, at the age of 92.

## Selected filmography

* Toofan Aur Deeya (1956) as Dancer
* Navrang (1959) as Uma
* Iye Marathi Che Nagri (1965)
* Ladki Sahyadri Ki (1966)
* Mai Mauli (1971)
* Asheech Ek Ratra (1971)
* Ajab Tuje Sarkar (1971)
* Jal Bin Machhli Nritya Bin Bijli (1971) as Bhairavi
* Pinjara (1972) as Akka
* Naag Panchami (1972) as Goddess Parvati
* Jyotibacha Navas (1975)
* Zunj (1975) as Godabai
* Varat (1975)
* Shoora Mi Vandile (1975)
* Farrari (1976) as Shripat's Mother
* Bala Gau Kashi Angai (1977) as Madhuri's mother
* Hira Aur Patthar (1977)
* Chandra Hota Sakshila (1978)
* Suhaag (1979) as Jamnabai
* Kashino Dikro (1979)
* Patalin (1981) as Kirti's Mother
# Association of Internet Workers

The Association of Internet Workers (URI; Serbian: Udruženje radnika na internetu), is a trade union of internet-based platform workers in Serbia.

## History

The union was formed in late 2020 in response to a proposed restructuring of tax and social contributions, especially regarding work done on the internet for foreign companies, that would have left platform workers with a very high debt. Workers first set up a Facebook page with over 13,000 members and then later the formal union structure. They demanded a new legal definition for platform workers within a "reasonable" framework.
The first two large protests took place on December 30 and January 16. Later in January, the union contacted the Serbian Ombudsman to negotiate with the tax administration.
On March 31, the government announced it had come to an agreement with a rival union that had not publicly been involved in the process up until then. On April 7, hundreds of URI workers camped in front of the Serbian Parliament building.
After negotiations with the government until April 2021, the tax proposal was somewhat changed, but still not enough to meet the union's demands. Throughout this time, the union declined offers for cooperation from several Serbian political parties. They did receive support from Serbia's two biggest unions. URI and the government came to an agreement in late April.
# Peter Ratcliffe

Major Peter Ratcliffe, DCM (born 1951) is a former British Army soldier and commissioned officer who served in the Parachute Regiment and the Special Air Service in a career of almost thirty years, during which he was awarded the Distinguished Conduct Medal for gallantry in action during the Gulf War. He is the author of the book The Eye of the Storm (2000).

## Early life

Ratcliffe was born in 1951 and spent his childhood years in Salford, Greater Manchester, where as a teenager he was an apprenticed plasterer.

## Military career

Ratcliffe joined the British Army's Parachute Regiment in January 1970 as private 24180996. He served with the 1st Battalion Parachute Regiment on Operation Banner in Northern Ireland in 1971–72, before transferring to the Special Air Service Regiment in 1972. He was attached to the 22 SAS, seeing service with its 18 (Mobility) Troop, 'D' Squadron.
During his time in the SAS he saw active service in a number of conflicts, including the Dhofar Rebellion in Oman, The Troubles, the Falklands War, for which on 8 October 1982 he was Mentioned in Dispatches, and Operation Granby in the Gulf War.
During the latter conflict, Ratcliffe was the Regimental Sergeant Major of 22 SAS, and received an order to assume command of its 'A' Squadron in a highly unusual circumstance of a non-commissioned officer replacing an officer in a command position. He subsequently led the squadron on a raid behind enemy lines against an Iraqi Army communications facility code-named by the British "Victor Two", for which he was afterwards awarded the Distinguished Conduct Medal for gallantry in action.
Ratcliffe received a commission in 1992, and was promoted to captain in 1994. After completing his career as a training officer with 23 Special Air Service Regiment, he retired from the British Army after almost thirty years' service with the rank of major in 1997.

## Post-military activities

Ratcliffe published a memoir of his military career entitled Eye of the Storm in 2000. He has been critical of other published works by former SAS personnel, specifically "Andy McNab" and "Chris Ryan", claiming that they have damaged the reputation of the regiment by fabricating elements of their war experiences in published works for monetary gain.
Ratcliffe has also publicly voiced concern about the provision of post traumatic stress support by the British Government to former soldiers of the British Army, following a number of high-profile suicides by former SAS soldiers after their military service careers.

## Publications

* Eye of the Storm: 25 Years in Action with the SAS (2000).
* The Little Book of the SAS (2001).
# Association of Radicals for the United States of Europe

The Association of Radicals for the United States of Europe (Czech: Asociace radikálů za Spojené státy evropské) was a radical liberal political party in the Czech Republic, which existed between 1990 and 2003. The party sought to create a United States of Europe. It was founded by Richard Stockar after the Velvet Revolution in Czechoslovakia.
# Muhammad al-Banki

Muhammad Ahmed Al-Banki (1963–2010) (Arabic: محمد أحمد البنكي) was a Bahraini philosopher and writer and a key postmodern in the region in the 1990s. Once an Under-Secretary at the Ministry of Culture and Information, he died on April 28, 2010.

## Career

Al-Banki graduated from the College of Arts of the University of Bahrain in 1990, when he began editing the culture column of the local newspaper Al Ayam. After a short time there, he returned to his alma mater to serve as director of its Department of Public Relations and Media. While working there, he edited a series of literary and critical periodicals, ultimately leading to a post as Editor-in-Chief of Al-Watan.
Al-Banki worked briefly as an advisor to Minister of Culture Mai bint Mohammed Al Khalifa. He was appointed Under-Secretary in 2008 and served as such until his death in 2010.

## Publications

* عبد الله الغذامي والممارسة النقدية والثقافية ("Abdullah Al Ghadami and the Practice of Cultural Criticism"), Arab Institute for Research & Publishing, 2003
* دريدا عربياً: قراءة التفكيك في الفكر النقدي العربي ("Derrida in the Arab World: Reading Deconstruction in Arab Critical Thought"), 2005
* الرواية والمدينة ("The Novel and the City"), Supreme Council of Culture of Egypt, 2008
* الرواية والتاريخ ("The Novel and History"), 2008
# Bikaner Municipal Corporation

Bikaner Municipal Corporation is the municipal corporation governing Indian city of Bikaner. Municipal Corporation mechanism in India was introduced during British Rule with formation of municipal corporation in Madras (Chennai) in 1688, later followed by municipal corporations in Bombay (Mumbai) and Calcutta (Kolkata) by 1762. Bikaner Municipal Corporation is headed by Mayor of city and governed by Commissioner.

## History and administration

Bikaner Municipal Corporation was formed to improve the infrastructure of the town as per the needs of local population. Bikaner Municipal Corporation has been categorised into 80 wards and each ward is headed by councillor for which elections are held every 5 years.
Bikaner Municipal Corporation is governed by mayor Sushila Rajpurohit and administered by Municipal Commissioner.

## Functions

Bikaner Municipal Corporation is created for the following functions:
* Planning for the town including its surroundings which are covered under its Department's Urban Planning Authority .
* Approving construction of new buildings and authorising use of land for various purposes.
* Improvement of the town's economic and Social status.
* Arrangements of water supply towards commercial, residential and industrial purposes.
* Planning for fire contingencies through Fire Service Departments.
* Creation of solid waste management, public health system and sanitary services.
* Working for the development of ecological aspect like development of Urban Forestry and making guidelines for environmental protection.
* Working for the development of weaker sections of the society like mentally and physically handicapped, old age and gender biased people.
* Making efforts for improvement of slums and poverty removal in the town.

## Revenue sources

The following are the Income sources for the Corporation from the Central and State Government.

### Revenue from taxes

Following is the Tax related revenue for the corporation.
* Property tax.
* Profession tax.
* Entertainment tax.
* Grants from Central and State Government like Goods and Services Tax.
* Advertisement tax.

### Revenue from non-tax sources

Following is the Non Tax related revenue for the corporation.
* Water usage charges.
* Fees from Documentation services.
* Rent received from municipal property.
* Funds from municipal bonds.
# Howard Bradley Smith

Howard Bradley Smith was an author, lecturer and memory expert.
With the post–World War II economic expansion requiring improved bureaucratic organization, Smith authored two books focused on the new pursuit of "executive skills": How to Remember Names and Faces and Developing Your Executive Ability. From the 1940s through the 1960s, under the banner of the Redpath Lecture Bureau (previously Boston Lyceum Bureau), he made lecture appearances demonstrating a mnemonic approach to remembering names and faces. During the late 1950s he lectured on improved executive skills and memory for the Dale Carnegie Institute.

## Early life, marriage, and family

Smith was born in Ong, Nebraska in 1894 and attended Peru State College, where he received his A.B. and M.Ed and served as editor of The Peru Normalite. Smith moved to Chicago in 1920 where he married Mildred Adee and had two sons, Ivan Smith (b. 1922) and Gregg Smith (b. 1931). In 1936 he married Elisabeth Ross and had a daughter, Karen (b. 1937).