OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Hanau-Seligenstadt Basin

The Hanau-Seligenstadt Basin is a subbasin of the Upper Rhine Graben southeast of Frankfurt am Main (Hesse, Bavaria, Germany).

## Location

The Hanau-Seligenstadt Basin is located in the eastern part of the Lower Main lowlands. The river Main crosses the basin between Aschaffenburg and Offenbach am Main. The largest cities of the area are Hanau, Seligenstadt and Dieburg.

## Geologic setting

The Hanau-Seligenstadt Basin is a Cenozoic graben. As a subbasin of the Upper Rhine Graben it belongs to the European Cenozoic Rift System, a fracture zone crossing Europe from the North Sea to the Mediterranean.
The Hanau-Seligenstadt Basin is separated from the Upper Rhine Graben to the west by a horst block. The Spessart mountains form its eastern margin. To the south it is bounded by the Odenwald mountains. Towards the north the graben margins converge. The basin sediments rest on top of the Variscan basement and Permian to Triassic rocks. Oligocene to Quaternary basin sediments reach more than 280 m in thickness. Marine, limnic and finally terrestrial clays, marls, limestones and sands with interbedded basalt layers dominate within the Oligocene and Miocene. The Pliocene and Quaternary river deposits consist of sand, gravel and silt, in Pliocene also lignite. The recent landscape is formed by river terraces.

## Evolution

From the Triassic until the early Paleogene the later Hanau-Seligenstadt Basin was a non-depositional region. Subsidence started latest during the Oligocene (Rupelian) about 30 million years ago during the evolution of the Upper Rhine Graben. The Upper Rhine Graben Sea and Upper Rhine Graben Lake also covered the Hanau-Seligenstadt Basin. Debris from the local highlands caused silting up and development of a river plain during the Miocene. About 15 million years ago during the Langhian volcanoes poured basaltic lava flows over parts of the area. Still during the Langhian, rivers started to erode their former sediments. In the Pliocene about 5 million years ago the Lower Main river and its tributaries recommenced to deposit sand, gravel and silt. In lakes and swamps also clay layers and lignite developed. The still relatively short river Main tapped the Upper Main in the early Quaternary. The resulting large river transported much sand and gravel into the Hanau-Seligenstadt Basin. During the Middle Pleistocene rivers started once again to incise into their former sediments. The individual stages of the incision history are preserved as river terraces.

## Resources

In the Hanau-Seligenstadt Basin sand, gravel and clay are dug in many pits. Until the 1930s also lignite and until the 1980s Miocene basalts were mined. The sand and gravel deposits are yielding aquifers exploited for water supply.
# Khajidsuren Bolormaa

Khajidsuren Bolormaa, or Khajidsurengiin Bolormaa, (Mongolian: Хажидсүрэнгийн Болормаа; born January 18, 1965) is a Mongolian mineralogical engineer, as well as a healthcare and children's rights advocate, who served as the First Lady of Mongolia from 2009 to 2017. Bolormaa is the wife of former President Tsakhiagiin Elbegdorj. In 2006, Bolormaa founded the Bolor Foundation, which cares for orphans in Mongolia.

## Biography

Bolormaa was born on January 18, 1965, in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia. She graduated high school in Mongolia. She then enrolled at Lviv State University in Lviv, Ukrainian S.S.R. (present-day Ukraine), from 1983 to 1988 to study geochemistry. Bolormaa met her future husband, Tsakhiagiin Elbegdorj, while both were students living in Lviv. The couple married and had their first son, who was born in Lviv. They returned to Mongolia in 1988.
Khajidsurengiin Bolormaa worked as a mineralogical engineer for the government-run Central Geological Laboratory of Mongolia. She then established and opened Ankh-Erdene, a private research laboratory focusing on mineralogy and the Mongolia's mining industry.
Tsakhiagiin Elbegdorj was elected president in 2009, making Bolormaa the First Lady of Mongolia. Elbegdorj was re-elected in 2013.
In March 2010, First Lady Bolormaa established the Hope Cancer-free Mongolia National Foundation to improve cancer treatment services in the country. She called for increased cooperation between 38 Asian First Ladies to fight cancer on the continent, especially among women. The foundation retrained Mongolian doctors, nurses and other staff at both domestic and international medical facilities between 2010 and 2013.
# Youssef Abdelke

Youssef Abdelke (Arabic: يوسف عبدلكي; born 1951) is a Syrian visual artist, he works in drawing, and printmaking. He is one of Syria’s leading artists, and the husband of Syrian filmmaker Hala Al-Abdallah Yacoub.

## Biography

Abdelke attended Damascus University, and graduated in 1976. He was a political prisoner for two years before being forced into exile to France the late 1970s. He graduated from the École Nationale Superieure des Beaux Arts; and from Paris XIII with a PhD in Fine Arts.
Abdelke's artworks can be found in museums, including the British Museum, Institut du Monde Arabe in Paris, the Amman Museum of Modern Art, and the National Museum of Kuwait.
On July 19, 2013, the Syrian government forces arrested him after he signed a declaration calling for the departure of President Bashar al-Assad.
# Shahin Musayev

Shahin Musayev Kheyreddin oglu (Azerbaijani: Şahin Musayev Xeyrəddin oğlu) was the deputy Minister of Defense of Azerbaijan, Chief of Staff, and Acting Minister within a few weeks in January – February (unspecified), 1992.

## Acting Minister of Defense of Azerbaijan

In late January – February, 1992, Musayev serving as Deputy Minister of Defense of Azerbaijan, virtually assumed responsibilities of then the Minister of Defense, Tajeddin Mehdiyev who was in Nagorno-Karabakh most of the time, personally leading an unsuccessful Dashalty operation in the vicinity of Shusha and losing several villages of strategic importance, Karkijahan, Gushchular, Malibeyli and Garadaghly, within a few weeks. On February 17, 1992, with the fall of Garadaghly village of Khojavend Rayon where more than 70 Azerbaijani civilians died and shortly before the fall of Khojaly, Mehdiyev was officially removed from the post of Minister of Defense. The interim leadership of ministry was given to Chief of Staff, Shahin Musayev. He would then be replaced by the commander of forces in Aghdam Tahir Aliyev, in late February, 1992.

## Chief of Staff

Colonel Musayev was Chief of General Staff of Azerbaijani Armed Forces from September 1991 (officially from January 22). While a Chief of Staff, Musayev was also repeatedly accused of state treason. On May 7, 1992, he called commandant of Shusha, Elbrus Orujov and told him to clear the land mines in all entrances to Shusha and pull all the ammunition and military equipment back from the first positions allegedly because of visiting members of Red Cross and the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe. This facilitated advance of Armenian forces into the town the next day and Shusha fell on May 8. While in Gubadly in mid of 1992, Musayev ordered the Azerbaijani population of Gubadly rayon to the leave town. He allegedly told the people in Gubadly that the surface-to-surface missiles were brought to Azerbaijan and that Shusha occupied in May 1992, would be shelled with these missiles and some could accidentally hit Gubadly. Colonel Nusrat Namazov, stationed in Gubadly refuted these claims and argued that then these missiles could instead be installed on heights around Gubadly and shot in the direction of Shusha and if they missed, they would hit Armenian positions in Khankendi located right next to Shusha. This was perceived as an act of treason in favor of Armenians and Musayev was apprehended by the locals but was released at Minister Rahim Gaziyev's insistence. He would later flee to Russia.

## General's plot

Shahin Musayev was one of the masterminds of the so-called General's Plot to overthrow the government of President Heydar Aliyev. Musayev along with the other former Deputy Minister of Defense, Vahid Musayev and Faig Bakhishaliyev (Special Purpose Police Unit) were arrested and imprisoned in August 1995 on charges of organizing coup d'état by planning to shoot the presidential airplane down in a premeditated rocket attack in May 1995.
# Ricardo Merlos

José Ricardo Merlos Orellana (born September 25, 1983 in San Salvador) is a Salvadoran archer. Merlos competed at the 2004 Summer Olympics in men's individual archery. He was defeated in the first round of elimination, placing 35th overall. His older brother Cristóbal Merlos competed in archery for El Salvador at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney, Australia.
# Keklik, Nizip

Keklik, historically Zergil (Kurdish: Zergîl), is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Nizip, Gaziantep Province, Turkey. The village is inhabited by Kurds of the Reşwan tribe and had a population of 183 in 2022.

## Gallery

* Historic houses of Zergil
* Maidan of Zergil
# Kharai

Kharai (Persian: خرائي) may refer to:
* Kharai-ye Bala, and Kharai-ye Pain - two neighbouring villages in Ahmadi Rural District, Iran
* Kharai, a village in the Kachchh district, Gujarat, India.
* Kharai, a breed of camels found in India
# Nigula Nature Reserve

Nigula Nature Reserve (Estonian: Nigula looduskaitseala) is a nature reserve situated in South-West of Estonia, in Häädemeeste and Saarde parishes of Pärnu County. It has an area of 63.98 km². Nigula nature reserve is one of the oldest bog reserves in Estonia. It is established to protect the Nigula Bog and its surrounding forests in their natural state.

## Wildlife in Nigula

The core habitat of Nigula Nature Reserve is the Nigula bog, which is a typical Western-Estonian bog. In a medium-sized bog (~30 km²) can be found all the different bog habitats like hummocky bog, pool-bog, hollow bog, wooden-bog, mineral bog-islands and also transitional mire in the lagg-zone. In the surrounding areas can be found old untouched swamp forests, but also managed forests. The farmlands that generate a buffer-zone around the bog and forests are managed extensively. Here can be found both natural grasslands and cultivated fields.
The heterogeneity of different landscapes and habitats gives good possibilities for wildlife. Nigula is an important bird area, it is a stopping area for migratory geese, swans and cranes, it is an important habitat for wetland birds and also favourable area for many different raptor species. The reserve is also an important habitat for large carnivores (brown bear, wolf, lynx) and big game animals (moose, roe deer, red deer, wild boar etc.). Nigula is a part of North-Livonian transboundary wetlands and forests complex.

## History

Nigula Nature Reserve was established in 1957. New protection rules, that added the surrounding forests and farmlands to the nature reserve were fixed in 1979. In 1979 Nigula Nature Reserve got its first international designation as Important Bird Area The nature reserve has its independent administrative organisation since 1991 when Nigula Nature Reserve Administration was established. The nature reserve was designated as a Ramsar convention area in 1997.
In 2005 Nigula Nature Reserve was added to the Natura 2000 network.

## Nigula Nature Reserve Administration

Nigula Nature Reserve Administration is an organisation that manages Nigula and Sookuninga Nature Reserves that are situated in South-West of Estonia on the Border of Estonia and Latvia. The main activities of Nigula NRA are: protected area management, research and monitoring, species protection, compilation of management plans and protection rules, introducing the values of the protected areas and transboundary cooperation with Latvian North Vidzeme Biosphere Reserve in North Livonia.
# Jataveda

Jataveda (Sanskrit:जातवेद, jātaveda) is a Vedic Sanskrit term for a particular form/epithet of Agni, the Vedic god of fire.
In a tradition originating in the late Vedic period, but already alluded to in the RigVeda, Agni has three forms: a celestial form (fire of the sun and the stars), an aerial form (lightning and the life-force of vegetation called the 'Child/Embryo of the Waters'), and a terrestrial form (e.g., the altar fire at worship). In this scheme, Jataveda (mass noun) represents the class of terrestrial fires (i.e. hearth fire, kiln fire, and so on), but in particular — as the Jataveda — representing Agni as the altar fire.
In that aspect as the altar fire, Agni-Jataveda was perceived to be the means through which his worshippers were to gain knowledge/wisdom/understanding (veda) of all existence (jata). In an extended sense, the altar fire/Agni-Jataveda was then also perceived to be the hypostasis of the inspiration that engendered the Vedas themselves.
This exact sense of word appears to have been lost very early, and there are numerous speculations on the nature of the Jatavedas in the commentaries of the late Vedas and the Brahmanas. The word is explained five ways: (1) Knowing all created beings; (2) Possessing all creatures or everything existent; (3) Known by created beings; (4) Possessing vedas, riches; (5.) Possessing vedas, wisdom. Even more derivations and explanations are found in the Brahmanas.
In post-Vedic literature, the term is also used as an epithet of Shiva.
According to Brahma puran, Jataveda is the brother of Agni who used to deliver havishya (offerings to Yajna). He was killed by Madhu, son of Diti, due to which he himself was posted as the new Jataveda by Devas and Rishis.
# 2019 East Asian Youth Games

The 2019 East Asian Youth Games were to be the first international multi-sport event for countries in East Asia.

## Participating nations

All eight countries whose National Olympic Committee is recognized by the East Asian Games Association and one country whose National Olympic Committee is recognized by the Oceania National Olympic Committees, would have participated had the games not been cancelled.
* China
* North Korea
* Guam$^1$
* Hong Kong
* Japan
* South Korea
* Macau
* Mongolia
* Chinese Taipei
$^1$ Associate member

## History

Taichung, Taiwan was selected to be the host city for the first East Asian Youth Games on October 24, 2014 during the 32nd East Asian Games Association Council Meeting in Beijing, China. The Taichung City Government originally planned to establish a committee for the Games in December 2014, but this was postponed until June 26, 2015, when the 2019 East Asian Youth Games Organization Committee (2019年東亞青年運動會籌備委員會) was set up. This was to be the first time Taichung City had organised an international multi-sport event, as well as being the first East Asian Youth Games. On July 31, 2018, Taichung was stripped of hosting rights after a vote by the East Asian Olympic Committee. The cancellation was due to Chinese anger over public calls in Taiwan for a referendum on whether Taiwan should be allowed to compete under the name "Taiwan" at the 2020 Summer Olympics and pro-independence campaign, or should continue to compete under the name "Chinese Taipei", as it has been forced to acquiesce to since the 1970s.

## Sports

There would have been be ten core sports events and two non-core sports events during the East Asian Youth Games. The core events were to be athletics, aquatics (swimming and diving), judo, taekwondo, three to three basketball, futsal, table tennis, badminton, tennis (tennis and soft tennis), and beach volleyball. Cycling and canoeing were to be non-core events.
# Institute for the Study of Totalitarian Regimes

The Institute for the Study of Totalitarian Regimes (Czech: Ústav pro studium totalitních režimů or ÚSTR) is a Czech government agency and research institute. It was founded by the Czech government in 2007 and is situated at Siwiecova street, Prague-Žižkov (the street is named after Ryszard Siwiec).
Its purpose is to gather, analyse and make accessible documents from the Nazi and Communist totalitarian regimes. The archives will also have documents from the former communist secret police, the StB or State Security. The institute is a founding member organisation of the Platform of European Memory and Conscience, and hosts its secretariat.

## Exhibitions

The institute shows exhibitions from other countries and has developed its own touring exhibitions. "Prague Through the Lens of the Secret Police" was first shown in 2009 at the Permanent Representation of the Czech Republic to the European Union in Brussels; it was reviewed in the Harvard Gazette, in which Mark Kramer, a fellow and director at the Harvard Project on Cold War Studies commented on the extent to which the communist regime monitored ordinary people. "The Czech secret police went to great lengths to keep track of people who were perfectly innocuous. These weren’t terrorists. They weren’t dangers to the state."

## Controversies and criticism

Historians Péter Apor, Sándor Horváth and James Mark write that the institute is "closely tied to a right-wing anticommunist subculture".

### Kundera controversy

In 2008, the Institute for the Study of Totalitarian Regimes received media attention when a researcher published a controversial claim that the writer Milan Kundera had been a police informant who, in 1950, gave information leading to the arrest of a guest in a student hall of residence. The arrested man, Miroslav Dvořáček, was sentenced to 22 years imprisonment as a spy. He served 14 years of his sentence, which included hard labour in a uranium mine.
The Institute endorsed the authenticity of the 1950 police report on which the account was based, but indicated that it was not possible to establish some key facts. Kundera denied his involvement saying, "I object in the strongest manner to these accusations, which are pure lies".

### Raymond Mawby

In 2012, the BBC reported that one of its researchers, who visited Prague in connection with a programme about a putative Czech attempt to compromise Edward Heath, came across an extensive secret service file on Conservative MP Raymond Mawby. There was evidence that Mawby sold information to the Czechs in the 1960s, although as Mawby was deceased it was not possible to hear "his side" of the story.

## Directors

* Pavel Žáček (2008–2010)
* Jiří Pernes (2010)
* Zdeněk Hazdra (2010, acting)
* Daniel Herman (2010–2013)
* Pavla Foglová (2013–2014)
* Zdeněk Hazdra (2014–2022)
* Ladislav Kudrna (2022–present)
# Canoot

Canoot (fl. 1698, real name unknown) was a French pirate active off the coast of New England. Governor William Markham of Pennsylvania described Canoot and his crew: "They are begarly rogues, and will pillage for a trifle."

## History

In early 1698 John Redwood of Philadelphia was sailing out of Maryland’s Sinepuxent Bay toward Cape May when he was attacked by Canoot and his pirates. They exchanged ships with Redwood, leaving him their slower vessel and taking his sloop. That September Canoot sailed to the waters off Sussex County, Delaware. Residents saw the sloop but were not alarmed, thinking him "little dreaded of being an enemy or French, both which they proved." The following day he stormed the town of Lewes with fifty men, plundering everything of value, including the residents’ clothes, leaving them "scarce anything in the place to cover or wear." Canoot’s pirates also stole all the town’s livestock and forced the inhabitants to help load their sloop. He then anchored offshore until he left to chase a passing ship. Canoot was equally violent to his own men, having "shott one of his owne men for some misdemeanor." This was not his first attack - “Many other crimes of similar nature were traced to Canoot and his pirate ship” - so local officials levied a tax to raise funds for coastal defense, though Canoot escaped.
# Qalandarabad, Roshtkhar

Qalandarabad (Persian: قلندراباد, also Romanized as Qalandarābād) is a village in Roshtkhar Rural District, in the Central District of Roshtkhar County, Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 214, in 59 families.
# Shoja, East Azerbaijan

Shoja (Persian: شجاع) is a village in, and the capital of, Shoja Rural District of the Central District of Jolfa County, East Azerbaijan province, Iran.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the village's population was 2,287 in 617 households. The following census in 2011 counted 2,297 people in 682 households. The 2016 census measured the population of the village as 2,538 people in 819 households. It was the most populous village in its rural district.
# Kaoh Thum District

Kaoh Thum District (Khmer: ស្រុកកោះធំ) is a district (srok) of Kandal Province, Cambodia. The district is subdivided into 11 communes (khum) such as Chheu Khmau, Chrouy Ta Kaev, Kampong Kong, Kaoh Thum Ka, Kaoh Thum Kha, Leuk Daek, Preaek Chrey, Preaek Sdei, Preaek Thmei, Sampovpoun, Pouthi Ban and 93 villages (phum).
# Zographetus

Zographetus is an Indomalayan genus of grass skippers in the family Hesperiidae.

## Species

* Zographetus abima (Hewitson, 1877) Celebes
* Zographetus doxus Eliot, 1959 Burma, Thailand, Malaya, Singapore, Borneo
* Zographetus dzonguensis Kunte, Karmakar & Lepcha, 2021 (Sikkim) India
* Zographetus hainanensis Fang & Wan, 2007 China (Hainan)
* Zographetus kutu Eliot, 1959 Selangor
* Zographetus ogygia (Hewitson, 1866) Sikkim to Malaya, Thailand, Laos, Borneo, Sumatra, Nias, Banka, Java
* Zographetus ogygioides Elwes & Edwards, 1897 Thailand, Malaysia, Borneo, Sumatra
* Zographetus pallens de Jong & Treadaway, 1993 Philippines
* Zographetus pangi Fan & Wang, 2007 China (Guangdong)
* Zographetus rama (Mabille, 1877) Burma, Thailand, Laos, Malaya, Langkawi, Singapore, Sumatra, Philippines, Celebes
* Zographetus satwa (de Nicéville, 1884) Sikkim to Burma, Thailand, Laos, Hainan, Malaya, Java
# Estonian Drama Theatre

The Estonian Drama Theatre (Estonian: Eesti Draamateater) is a theatre in Tallinn, Estonia. It has the role of a national theatre for Estonia. The Estonia Theatre is located next door.

## History

The building that houses the Estonian Drama Theatre was originally built for the German theatre of Tallinn and completed in 1910 to designs by Saint Petersburg architects Nikolai Vassilyev and Alexey Bubyr. The style is Art Nouveau or, more specifically, National Romantic.
An Estonian-language drama school was set up in Tallinn in 1920 by Paul Sepp, and from this the Estonian Drama Theatre was formed in 1924. It was originally called the Drama Studio Theatre and rented the stage of the German theatre. In 1939 the theatre however purchased the building and has been housed there ever since. The theatre was renamed the Estonian Drama Theatre in 1937. During the Soviet occupation the theatre was called the Viktor Kingissepp Tallinn National Drama Theatre but it reverted to its old name in 1989, prior to Estonia's re-gained independence.

## Theatre

The theatre today fulfills the role of an Estonian national theatre. It has three stages, with 436, 170 and 70 seats each. Both classical plays and new productions, including experimental plays, are staged at the theatre. Since it was founded, the Estonian Drama Theatre has cooperated with and staged plays by playwrights such as Hugo Raudsepp, August Kitzberg, Eduard Vilde, A. H. Tammsaare, Mats Traat, Jaan Kross and Oskar Luts. During the 1980s, the theatre took on a political role as it staged plays with themes critical to the Soviet occupation and in favour of Estonian independence by writers like Jaan Kruusvall and Rein Saluri.