OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# John Barnard (cricketer)

John Barnard FSA (6 July 1794 – 17 November 1878) was an English amateur first-class cricketer who was a Fellow of King's College, Cambridge between 1817 and 1878. Barnard was the President of the Marylebone Cricket Club in 1829 and a noted collector of decorative porcelain.

## Life

Barnard was born at Chislehurst in Kent in 1792, the son of the Edward and Mary Ann Barnard (née Beadon). His father served in the West Kent troop of the Yeomanry Cavalry at Chislehurst from their formation in 1793 before being ordained in the Church of England in 1797. Barnard's grandfather, also Edward, was a clergyman who had been a fellow of St John's College, Cambridge and was the Headmaster of Eton College between 1754 and 1765 and the College Provost from 1765 until his death in 1781. Barnard's mother Mary Ann was the daughter of Edward Beadon, the vicar of St Nicolas Church, North Stoneham in Hampshire. She married his father, who had also attended St John's, in 1784.
Along with his three brothers, Barnard was educated at Eton. He was Captain of Montem in 1814. He went up to King's College, Cambridge in 1814 as a scholar, graduating in 1818. He was elected as a Fellow of the college in 1817, retaining his position for the rest of his life.
During his life, Barnard was a collector of antique china and porcelain. He was elected as a Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries of London in 1855 and his collection of decorative porcelain was sold by Sotheby's after his death. His entry in Alumni Cantabrigienses also noted that he attended The Derby each year for more than 50 years. He was Senior Fellow at King's when he died in his rooms at the college in 1878 aged 84 and is buried in Mill Road Cemetery in Cambridge.

## Cricket

A wicket-keeper, Barnard is not known to have played cricket whilst at school. He made his first-class debut for a Kent XI against an England side in 1815 at Wrotham Napps, playing alongside his brother Henry Watson Barnard who also made his debut in the same match. He played in a total of 18 first-class matches for a variety of sides, most of which were connected to the MCC. He first played for the club in non-first-class matches in 1816. He played twice more for Kent sides in 1822 and twice for Sussex sides in 1830, the final two first-class matches of his career. He appeared three times for the Gentlemen against the Players, playing in the match in 1822, 1825 and 1829, and was President of MCC in 1829–30.
Henry Watson Barnard, who was a clergyman, played in five first-class matches. Another of Barnard's brothers, George, also played first-class cricket, playing twice for Cambridge University in 1825 and 1826, having captained Eton whilst at school.
# Amir Nosrat'ollah Balakhanlou

Amir Nosrat'ollah Balakhanlou (Persian: اميرنصرت الله بالاخانلو) (1917 – May 20, 2007) was an Iranian (Persian) politician. Born in Tehran, he served as a two-time Mayor and MP for Hamedan in 1950s and early 1960s.

## Biography

Amir Nosrat'ollah Balakhanlou was born in Tehran, Iran. He was one of the two sons of Commander Asad Khan of Talesh. His maternal grandfather, Mirza Mahmud Ehtesham ol-Saltaneh, was the Iranian ambassador to Russia, and was the President of the Majlis in the early 1900s. Ehtesham ol-Saltaneh was also one of the founding fathers of the Iranian Constitution during the Qajar dynasty.
As a young man, Amir N. Balakhanlou completed his higher education and his military service in the Royal Air Force Academy of Iran. In the mid-1950s, he served as the first publicly elected mayor of Hamedan. He continued to serve a second term as the mayor, and in the early 1960s, became the MP from Hamedan in Iran's twenty-first (21st) round of Parliament (Majlis of Iran).
# Church of St Joseph, Santa Venera

The Church of Saint Joseph (Maltese: Knisja ta' San Ġużepp) is a Roman Catholic church in Santa Venera, Malta. It forms part of the St Joseph Institute which is run by the Missionary Society of St Paul.

## History

The Church of St Joseph forms part of the St Joseph Institute, and it was built on a plot of land which was acquired from the government to construct the institute. It was dedicated on 14 May 1916. The institute and church are currently administered by the Missionary Society of St Paul (MSSP).
Restoration works were carried out on the church's façade and bell tower by the Restoration Directorate between July 2019 and May 2020. The project was carried out under the direction of architect Jean Frendo at a cost of €59,000.

## Architecture

The church has a classical façade with two tiers, with the lower one being characterized by Ionic pilasters and containing the main doorway. The upper tier has Corinthian pilasters and it includes a central statue of St Joseph flanked by statues of guardian angels. A small bell tower is located at the rear of the building.
# Mukaradeeb

Mukaradeeb or Makr al-Theeb (Arabic: مكر الذيب) is a small village in Iraq near the Syrian border.
# Ede Christian University of Applied Sciences

Ede Christian University of Applied Sciences (Dutch: Christelijke Hogeschool Ede; Dutch abbreviation: CHE) is a Christian vocational university located in Ede, Netherlands. The CHE has a clear Christian basis: the Bible as norm and source of inspiration.
From 2004-2011 and in 2015, 2016 and 2017, the CHE was appointed for the eleventh time as the best university of applied sciences in the Netherlands.

## Academics
### Degrees

All bachelor's degrees are accredited by the Accreditation Organisation of the Netherlands and Flanders (NVAO).
   * Business Administration
   * Human Resource Management
   * Communication
   * Journalism
   * Social Work and Services
   * Social Pedagogical Work
   * Nursing
   * Theology and Religion
   * Religious Education
   * Teacher education for primary education
   * Information and communications technology (starting 2018)
International programs are available within social studies, communication studies, business studies, nursing, journalism, education and theology.
The CHE also provides services, such as media training, educational support, coaching tracks, research, organization advice programs, education for professionals or personal career counseling for non-students. This is known as CHE-Transfer and is mainly focused on markets related to the degree programs.

### Academic year

A bachelor programme requires four years of full-time study (240 credits). The academic year starts September 1 and finishes the next following year on August 31. The calendar year has four periods of academic activity, which end before the summer holiday in the month of July. During the summer holiday no formal instruction is given. At the end of August, students can catch up on the work that has yet to be completed and resit for exams. During each academic period of ten weeks, students visit classes the first six to seven weeks. The remaining weeks are used for other types of educational activities, including preparing for exams.
Course-structure: most modules require the attendance of classes. A module then consists of several hours of classroom teaching or work and a number of hours of self-study. In many modules, self-study is structured by so-called study tasks (for example, library work), mini-training and assessment. Students receive detailed printed requirements per module.

### Grading

Grading at the CHE:
* 10: excellent
* 9: very good
* 8: good
* 7: satisfactory (above average)
* 6: sufficient
* 0-5: failure
* Main building, entrance
* Prisma building
* Part of the campus (student housing)
# Lipovicë, Lipjan

Lipovicë or Lipovica (Albanian: Lipovicë/Lipovica, Serbian Cyrillic: Липовица) is a village in Lipjan municipality. It is next to the Blinaja Park where people go hunting in Kosovo.
# Nad Kuh-e Olya

Nad Kuh-e Olya (Persian: ندكوه عليا, also Romanized as Nad Kūh-e ‘Olyā; also known as Nad Kūh and Natkūh) is a village in Kushk Rural District, in the Central District of Bafq County, Yazd Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 22, in 6 families.
# Fruit salt

A fruit salt or fruit salts is an effervescent compound made up of organic acids such as citric acid or tartaric acid and salts such as sodium bicarbonate, sodium carbonate, or sodium bitartrate in combination with added flavoring and sugar. Historically, fruit salts were sold for a wide range of ailments, and today they are used primarily as antacids.

## History

In the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, scientists began uncovering the chemical make-up and physiological benefits of various salts such as Glauber's salt and Epsom salts. The fact that these were found in mineral springs led to the rise of spas, where people would go to bathe in and drink mineral-rich waters for their health. These developments led to attempts to replicate the salt mixtures found in these naturally occurring mineral waters using off-the-shelf ingredients. Mixing these kinds of salts — especially carbonates and tartrates — with flavorings like lemon into an effervescent compound with citric or tartaric acid proved especially popular and set off a craze for the new "fruit salts".
The name comes not from the popular fruit flavorings but from the fact that the acid in the mixture — which was then sourced from either citrus fruit (citric acid) or grapes (tartaric acid) — forms further salts such monosodium citrate in solution with the carbonates or tartrates. "Fruit salt" thus refers both to the fruit-derived salts formed in solution and metonymically to the mixture as a whole.
In 1852, the British pharmacist James Crossley Eno started selling such a fruit salt mixture from his pharmacy in the port city of Newcastle upon Tyne. Eno gave away his mixture to seafarers at the port, and in this way the name Eno became associated with fruit salts around the world. In 1868, he formally founded the company Eno's 'Fruit Salt' Works.$^{:253}$
Eno's success spawned many competitors in both Great Britain and the United States, including Abbey's Effervescent Salts, Dunn's Fruit Salt, Slaven's California Fruit Salt, and Dr. Edison Obesity Fruit Salts, for which in 1897 performer Alice J. Shaw became one of the earliest celebrity spokespersons for a weight loss product. In the style of patent medicines and quackery, they were advertised hyperbolically for an enormous range of diseases and ailments, only some of which they could ameliorate (e.g. indigestion). The range spanned from cholera to gout, rheumatism, colds, fevers, biliousness, indigestion, diarrhea, pimples, and headaches.
As the pharmaceutical industry moved away from cure-all patent medicines in the mid twentieth century, Eno Fruit Salt became one of the few surviving products of its kind.$^{:154}$ Currently owned by GlaxoSmithKline, Eno Fruit Salt is today sold as an antacid, and its main ingredients are now sodium bicarbonate, sodium carbonate, and citric acid. Its main market is in India.
# Jem Evans

Owen James 'Jem' Evans (1867 - 14 October 1942) was a Welsh rugby union half-back who played club rugby for Cardiff and international rugby for Wales. Evans was one of the earliest half-backs to play for Wales and was awarded four caps between 1887 and 1888, though never with the same partner.

## Rugby career

Evans was first selected for Wales in the opening game of the 1887 Home Nations Championship, played in Llanelli against the English team. Evans was partnered with team captain and Newport player Charlie Newman. The Welsh team held England to a nil - nil draw, their best result to that date, and Evans was reselected for the next game of the Championship, away to Scotland. On this occasion, Evans was partnered with new cap George Bowen of Swansea, the Welsh captaincy going to Bob Gould. The match was a humiliation for Wales, with Scotland running in 12 tries without reply. The Welsh selectors reacted with massive restructuring of the back positions, with only Arthur 'Monkey' Gould keeping his place. Bowen and Evans were replaced by John Goulstone Lewis and William Stadden.
The next season Evans was back in favour, and was partnered with Cardiff team-mate Stadden, to face Scotland as part of the 1888 Championship. Wales beat Scotland, a historic first victory over the Scots, thanks to a single try from Thomas Pryce-Jenkins. Evans final international game was the second and last Welsh game of the 1888 Championship. Played away at Lansdowne Road against Ireland, Evans was linked up with yet another new half-back pairing, Newport's Charlie Thomas. An underperforming Wales lost the match and Evans did not represent his country again.

### International games played

Wales
* England 1887
* Ireland 1888
* Scotland 1887, 1888
# Kreiss matrix theorem

In matrix analysis, Kreiss matrix theorem relates the so-called Kreiss constant of a matrix with the power iterates of this matrix. It was originally introduced by Heinz-Otto Kreiss to analyze the stability of finite difference methods for partial difference equations.

## Kreiss constant of a matrix

Given a matrix A, the Kreiss constant 𝒦(A) (with respect to the closed unit circle) of A is defined as
${\mathcal {K}}(\mathbf {A} )=\sup _{|z|>1}(|z|-1)\left\|(z-\mathbf {A} )^{-1}\right\|,$
while the Kreiss constant 𝒦$_{lhp}$(A) with respect to the left-half plane is given by
${\mathcal {K}}_{\textrm {lhp}}(\mathbf {A} )=\sup _{\Re (z)>0}(\Re (z))\left\|(z-\mathbf {A} )^{-1}\right\|.$

### Properties

* For any matrix A, one has that 𝒦(A) ≥ 1 and 𝒦$_{lhp}$(A) ≥ 1. In particular, 𝒦(A) (resp. 𝒦$_{lhp}$(A)) are finite only if the matrix A is Schur stable (resp. Hurwitz stable).
* Kreiss constant can be interpreted as a measure of normality of a matrix. In particular, for normal matrices A with spectral radius less than 1, one has that 𝒦(A) = 1. Similarly, for normal matrices A that are Hurwitz stable, 𝒦$_{lhp}$(A) = 1.
* 𝒦(A) and 𝒦$_{lhp}$(A) have alternative definitions through the pseudospectrum Λ$_ε$(A):
** ${\mathcal {K}}(A)=\sup _{\varepsilon >0}{\frac {\rho _{\varepsilon }(A)-1}{\varepsilon }}$ , where p$_ε$(A) = max{|λ| : λ ∈ Λ$_ε$(A)},
** ${\mathcal {K}}_{\textrm {lhp}}(A)=\sup _{\varepsilon >0}{\frac {\alpha _{\varepsilon }(A)}{\varepsilon }}$, where α$_ε$(A) = max{Re|λ| : λ ∈ Λ$_ε$(A)}.
* 𝒦$_{lhp}$(A) can be computed through robust control methods.

## Statement of Kreiss matrix theorem

Let A be a square matrix of order n and e be the Euler's number. The modern and sharp version of Kreiss matrix theorem states that the inequality below is tight
${\mathcal {K}}(\mathbf {A} )\leq \sup _{k\geq 0}\left\|\mathbf {A} ^{k}\right\|\leq e\,n\,{\mathcal {K}}(\mathbf {A} ),$
and it follows from the application of Spijker's lemma.
There also exists an analogous result in terms of the Kreiss constant with respect to the left-half plane and the matrix exponential:
${\mathcal {K}}_{\mathrm {lhp} }(\mathbf {A} )\leq \sup _{t\geq 0}\left\|\mathrm {e} ^{t\mathbf {A} }\right\|\leq e\,n\,{\mathcal {K}}_{\mathrm {lhp} }(\mathbf {A} )$

## Consequences and applications

The value $\sup _{k\geq 0}\left\|\mathbf {A} ^{k}\right\|$ (respectively, $\sup _{t\geq 0}\left\|\mathrm {e} ^{t\mathbf {A} }\right\|$) can be interpreted as the maximum transient growth of the discrete-time system $x_{k+1}=Ax_{k}$ (respectively, continuous-time system ${\dot {x}}=Ax$).
Thus, the Kreiss matrix theorem gives both upper and lower bounds on the transient behavior of the system with dynamics given by the matrix A: a large (and finite) Kreiss constant indicates that the system will have an accentuated transient phase before decaying to zero.
# Samuel Bullock

Samuel Bullock (c. 1807 – 1855) was an English professional cricketer who played first-class cricket from 1825 to 1827 for Cambridge Town Club. He made three known appearances in first-class matches.
# Fort Mellieħa

Fort Mellieħa or Mellieħa Fort (Maltese: Il-Fortizza tal-Mellieħa), also known as Il-Fortizza tas-Salib (meaning Fort of the Cross), is a World War II-era fort in Mellieħa, Malta. It was built by the British on top of Mellieħa Hill, to serve as a civil defence depot and an observation post. The structure is lightly fortified by a perimeter wall.
The fort is now surrounded by residential buildings. Lack of upkeep had affected the structure when, on December 28 1991, the Lands Department leased it to the Mellieħa Scout Group, who restored the building, and now use it as their headquarters. It is the largest scouts headquarters in Malta, and includes kitchens, dormitories, a campsite and underground shelters.
# Klavdy Stepanov

Klavdi Petrovich Stepanov (Russian: Клавдий Петрович Степанов) (1854-1910) was a Russian Empire painter and monarchist publicist.
Stepanov was born near Moscow in 1854 into a Russian noble family of medieval lineage. His father was a general who served as commandant of Tsarskoe Selo, and his grandfather had served as governor of Yeniseysk and Saratov. Stepanov studied history and languages at St. Petersburg University and audited courses at the Russian Imperial Academy of Arts, where his artistic work won him a silver medal despite the fact that he was not an enrolled student.
After completing his studies, Stepanov served in the Preobrazhensky Regiment in the Russo-Turkish War (1877-1878). Thereafter, he briefly worked in the Russian Ministry of Finance. In 1880 he moved to Paris to pursue painting and later relocated to Venice. His subjects included Renaissance scenes, genre paintings, and episodes of medieval Russian history. Stepanov's paintings rapidly became known for their subtle brushwork, strong colors, and beautiful characterizations. Beginning 1885, his work was regularly exhibited in Russia, where it was acquired by such collectors as Pavel Tretyakov and Grand Duke Konstantin Konstantinovich. In 1888 the Imperial Academy of Arts formally recognized him as an artist of the first rank.
Stepanov permanently returned to Russia in the early 1900s and became active in reactionary political circles that supported the Romanov dynasty and opposed the country's Westernization and adoption of Western institutions. In this capacity he worked as an editor of several newspapers and was active in politics. Toward the end of his life, he returned to art and founded a school of iconography at the Donskoy Monastery outside Moscow and worked on wall paintings in the Chudov Monastery.
Stepanov married Varvara von Ditmar and had four sons, two of whom were also painters. All four children emigrated from Russia after the Revolution of 1917. He died in Yalta, where he had gone to recover from an illness, on July 15 (28), 1910.
Today Stepanov's works can be found in Moscow's Tretyakov Gallery, St. Petersburg's Russian Museum, and other institutions and private collections.
# Juini Booth

Arthur Edward Booth Jr. (February 12, 1948 – July 11, 2021) was an American jazz bassist. His professional name was Juini Booth, though his nickname has been spelled Jiunie, Junie, Joony, Jooney, Joonie, Juni, Juney, and Junius, over the course of his career.

## Career

Born in Buffalo, New York, Booth began playing piano at about age eight and switched to cello and then bass at 12. His nickname originated from his older sister's inability to pronounce "Junior" as a child. Both of Booth's parents died in 1961 when he was 13 years old. While at East High School, Booth was a member of string class and played bass in bands. Later he played in the orchestra at Lafayette High School.
He worked with Chuck Mangione in his hometown in 1964–65 before moving to New York City around 1966, where he played with Eddie Harris, Art Blakey (1967), Sonny Simmons (1967–68), Marzette Watts (1966, 1968), Freddie Hubbard (1968–71), and Gary Bartz (1970). He played with Shelly Manne in Hollywood in 1969.
In the early 1970s Booth played with Tony Williams's Lifetime (1971–73) and McCoy Tyner (1973–76), also recording during this time with Larry Young (1973), Takehiro Honda, and Masabumi Kikuchi, the last two during a tour of Tokyo in 1974. After a short period with Hamiett Bluiett in 1976 he returned to Buffalo, though he also worked with Chico Freeman in Los Angeles and Junior Cook in New York in 1977. In 1977–78 he played with Elvin Jones and Charles Tolliver.
From 1980 to 1982 he played with Ernie Krivda in Cleveland, as well as locally in Buffalo. He recorded freelance with Beaver Harris (1983), Steve Grossman and Joe Chambers (1984), Franklin Kiermyer, and others.
Juini Booth began working with Sun Ra starting in 1967 and was one of the Arkestra's longest serving members.
After spending a number of weeks in declining health, Booth died on July 11, 2021, aged 73, in Buffalo.

## Discography

With Gary Bartz
* Harlem Bush Music (Milestone, 1970–71)
With Joe Bonner
* Angel Eyes (Muse, 1976)
With Junior Cook
* Pressure Cooker (Catalyst, 1977)
With Chico Freeman
* Beyond the Rain (Contemporary, 1977)
With Steve Grossman
* Way Out East (Red Record, 1984)
With Elvin Jones
* Time Capsule (Vanguard, 1977)
With Franklin Kiermyer
* Further (Mobility Music, 2014)
With Shelly Manne
* Outside (Contemporary, 1969)
With George Spanos
* Dreams Beyond (Evolver Records, 2014)
* Reflections (George Spanos, 2017)
With McCoy Tyner
* Enlightenment (Milestone, 1973)
* Song of the New World (Milestone, 1973)
* Atlantis (Milestone, 1975)
# Adrian Dearnell

Adrian Dearnell, a Franco-American financial journalist, is the founder and CEO of EuroBusiness Media, and former anchorman for several TV and radio stations such as Bloomberg TV.

## Biography

A graduate of Phillips Exeter Academy and Brown University, Dearnell first worked for ABC News in Paris, and then for Bloomberg TV in London. He subsequently became the main anchor for Bloomberg TV in France, conducting more than 3,000 interviews with market strategists, chief economists, financial analysts, portfolio managers, and a majority of the CEOs of publicly traded companies in France.
In 2002, Dearnell founded EuroBusiness Media, which specializes in the production and distribution of web TV interviews with CEOs of publicly traded companies. These web TV interviews, called CEO-Direct, are broadcast worldwide to a targeted audience of institutional investors and financial analysts. The company collects the best practices of Anglo- American communication into eight points, entitled EBM's Communic8, highlighting the proven, most-effective principles of business communications and delivering the message either verbally, in writing or by video.
As a bilingual financial journalist, Dearnell is regularly called upon to do media training for executives, asset managers and other financial professionals who are expected to interact with the media or communicate in front of an audience. These trainings are often specialized to address the presentation of financial information. He is also often called upon to act as interviewer/moderator for corporate conferences and seminars, and regularly interviews asset managers as well.
In December 2014 Dearnell compiled more than two decades of coaching experience and international business TV interviews with CEOs into a handbook on media training.
Adrian is the author of two books:
- "Le média training réussir face aux journalistes", published by Eyrolles in 2014, in French.
- "L'Art des présentations percutantes", co-written with Andrés Hoyos-Gomez and published in 2017 by Eyrolles.
Dearnell is the former President of the Anglo-American Press Association of Paris – the oldest foreign correspondent association in France – which he continues to support actively.
A semi-professional jazz musician, he plays the double bass in several jazz bands, and collaborates with the jazz bassist Pierre Boussaguet. He appears as the newscaster in the Hollywood blockbuster movie The Transporter.

## Filmography

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 2002 | The Transporter | Newscaster | |
# Kirovsky City District, Samara

Kirovsky City District (Russian: Кировский район) is a district (raion) of the city of Samara, Samara Oblast, Russia. Population: 228,907 (2010 Census); 235,846 (2002 Census); 262,065 (1989 Soviet census).