OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Joint Exercise Zolfaghar 99

Joint Exercise Zolfaghar 99 (Persian: رزمایش مشترک ذوالفقار ۹۹) was a large-scale military exercise conducted jointly by all four branches of the Islamic Republic of Iran Army between 10 and 12 September 2020. The drills were held at the Sea of Oman and the Indian Ocean 10 degrees north of the Equator, including about 2 million-square-kilometer of area. Held in three phases, it involved intelligence, tactics and show of force.

## Major events
### Drones

Ababil and Karrar unmanned aerial vehicles were used to monitor the drill. The January 2019 unveiled UAV Kaman-12 also flew over the area to conduct the same mission. Simorgh, a UCAV unveiled in December 2019, accomplished both reconnaissance and combat missions. The drone hit naval targets with bombs, flying more than 1,000 kilometers.

### Naval drills

IRIS Fateh (920), the lead ship of Iran's endogenously-built Fateh-class coastal submarine, made her first presence during the drill and a brief footage of her sailing on the surface was aired. Ghadir-class midget submarines were also seen taking part by firing Jask-2 submarine-launched cruise missile.
Qader anti-ship cruise missiles were launched at sea targets off the coast. Iran said it successfully destructed target at a distance of over 200 kilometers. It also included an amphibious assault by commandos and marines.

### Alleged warning to American aircraft

Iran said three American aircraft including a Boeing P-8 Poseidon, a General Atomics MQ-9 Reaper and a Northrop Grumman RQ-4 Global Hawk were warned after they had entered the air defense identification zone (ADIZ). According to Iranian officials, after "ignoring warnings by Iran's defense systems to keep away from the drill zone", American aircraft were intercepted by Iranian drones and subsequently left the area.

## Reactions

United States Central Command did not comment on the war game, nor Iranian allegations about warnings to its aircraft.
# Ángel Gómez (footballer, born 2001)

Ángel Nahuel Gómez (born 24 August 2001) is an Argentine professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Torneo Federal A club Círculo Deportivo on loan from Racing Club.

## Career

Gómez is a product of the Racing Club youth system, having joined them at the age of six. He was moved into the first-team in late-2020 under manager Sebastián Beccacece, who subsequently selected him to make his senior debut off the bench against Atlético Tucumán on 19 November; playing the final moments of a 2–0 loss in the Copa de la Liga Profesional.

## Career statistics

    As of 20 November 2020.
Appearances and goals by club, season and competition :
| Club | Season | League | League | League | Cup | Cup | League Cup | League Cup | Continental | Continental | Other | Other | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Racing Club | 2020–21 | Primera División | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
# Jagol

Jagol (Macedonian: Јагол, Albanian: Jagoll) is a village in the municipality of Kičevo, North Macedonia. It used to be part of the former municipality of Oslomej

## Demographics

According to the 1942 Albanian census, Jagol was inhabited by a total of 310 Muslim Albanians, 90 Bulgarians and 29 Serbs.
As of the 2021 census, Jagol had 215 residents with the following ethnic composition:
* Albanians 202
* Persons for whom data are taken from administrative sources 8
* Macedonians 5
According to the 2002 census, the village had a total of 406 inhabitants. Ethnic groups in the village include:
* Albanians 399
* Macedonians 4
* Others 3
# Still Waters (Louise Setara album)

Still Waters is the debut album by British singer Louise Setara. The album, a mix of pop and soul, was released on 12 September 2006 in the U.S. and 5 February 2007 in the UK. The album contains the three singles "Can't Stop the River", "Wrong Again" and "Love Me Still". "Love Me Still" is a cover originally by Chaka Khan from the Clockers soundtrack. Another cover on the album is "Make You Feel My Love", by Bob Dylan.

## Track listing

* "Love Me Still"
* "By the Time"
* "Make You Feel My Love"
* "Homeless"
* "Wrong Again"
* "Too Soon"
* "Circle"
* "Can't Stop the River"
* "Sylvie"
* "Let It Be Me"
* "I Can Hurt"
* "If I Should Fall"
* "Ain't Gonna Let You Break My Heart Again"
* "One Fine Day" (UK bonus track)
# Zazvitsevo

Zazvitsevo (Russian: Язвицево) is a rural locality (a village) in Sosnovskoye Rural Settlement, Vologodsky District, Vologda Oblast, Russia. The population was 7 as of 2002.

## Geography

Zazvitsevo is located 26 km west of Vologda (the district's administrative centre) by road. Knyazevo is the nearest rural locality.
# Army Commissar of 1st rank

Army commissar 1st rank (Russian: Армейский комиссар 1-го ранга), was a political rank in the Soviet Red Army, equivalent to the military rank of Komandarm 1st rank, and comparable to NATO OF-9.

## Appointment
### 1935

Appointment to Army Comissar 1st rank as to the disposal of the Central Executive Committee of the Soviet Union and the Council of People's Commissars (CPC) from November 20, 1935:
* Yan Gamarnik (1894–1937), committed suicide to avoid arrest

### 1937

* Pyotr Smirnov (1897–1939), as to CPC disposal December 20, 1937; arrested June 1938 and later executed

### 1939

* Lev Mekhlis (1889–1953), as to CPC disposal February 8, 1939
* Efim Shchadenko (1885–1951)

### 1941

Alexander Zaporozhets (1899–1959)
* This Soviet Union–related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Raymond Wilson (physicist)

Raymond Neil Wilson (23 March 1928 – 16 March 2018) was an English physicist and telescope optics designer, best known for pioneering the use of active optics in large telescopes.

## Biography

Wilson's first degree was in physics from the University of Birmingham, followed by studying engineering at Imperial College London. After completing national service in 1952, he resumed his work on optics. He then worked at Imperial College and at the National Physical Laboratory in the UK. From around 1961, he spent 11 years as Head of the Design Department for telescopes at Carl Zeiss AG in Oberkochen, Germany.
In 1972 he became Head of the Optics and Telescopes Group at the European Southern Observatory (ESO), where he worked for the next 21 years, first in Geneva and then in Garching, Germany. His major contributions have been in telescope optics and technology. In particular, he developed the concept of active optics, which is now the basic principle on which modern large telescopes are constructed. The concept of active optics was developed first in ESO's New Technology Telescope (first light 1988), and then in ESO's Very Large Telescope (VLT). (first light 1998).
Wilson retired in 1993, writing a two-volume monograph Reflecting Telescope Optics, a leading work in the field. He also extended the design of large telescopes to the next-generation designs that use three, four, and five mirrors.
Wilson's other interests included history, economics, cosmology and biology.

## Awards and honors

The awards bestowed for his work include the Karl Schwarzschild Medal (1993) and a share of the Kavli Prize (2010), as well as the Tycho Brahe Prize (2010). He has also been made Chevalier of the French Legion of Honour (2003) and has received the Prix Lallemand (2005) from the French Academy of Sciences.
On his retirement in September 1993, the Themistian asteroid 3790 Raywilson was named in his honor. The name was proposed by Lutz Schmadel and endorsed by the Heidelberg Observatory, where the asteroid had been discovered by Karl Reinmuth 56 years earlier.
# Ziadabad

Ziadabad or Zeyadabad (Persian: زياداباد) may refer to:
* Ziadabad, Arsanjan, Fars Province
* Ziadabad, Fasa, Fars Province
* Ziadabad, Sepidan, Fars Province
* Ziadabad, Isfahan
* Ziadabad, Kerman
* Ziadabad, Markazi
# Sand du Plessis Theatre

The Sand du Plessis Theatre (Afrikaans: Sand du Plessis-teaterkompleks) is located on Markgraaff Street, Bloemfontein, South Africa. It is a large, multipurpose theater center opened on August 1, 1985 as the home of the Regional Council of Sukovs (Orange Free State Performing Arts Society). It covers a whole city block and includes two formal spaces. The theatre is named after Sand du Plessis, former administrator of Free State. The primary architect of the project was Henk Boting.
The main theater seats 964 and has been adapted for large productions of drama, musicals, pop music concerts, opera, etc. It opened with Giuseppe Verdi's Nabucco and William Shakespeare's The Merchant of Venice.

## André Huguenet Theater

A second venue in the theater is named after the South African actor André Huguenet, born in Bloemfontein. It is a smaller, experimental theater seating 300 and can also be used as a television studio. It opened in 1985 with two productions in Afrikaans, Blood Wedding by Federico García Lorca on August 28 and Don Juan onder die Boere by Bartho Smit on September 4.

## Skateboarding

The theater building is also used as Bloemfontein's skatepark. Skateboarders come to practice their sport here each Saturday.
# Henry Isaac Rowntree

Henry Isaac Rowntree (1838–1883) was the founder of Rowntree's, one of the United Kingdom's largest confectionery businesses.

## Career

Having served his apprenticeship in his father's shop at The Pavement in York, and following his father's death in 1860, Henry Rowntree went to work for the Tuke family at their shop in Walmgate.
In June 1862 Henry Isaac bought out the chocolate, cocoa-making and chicory departments and ran the business himself employing around a dozen people. He followed Quaker principles and always insisted on the highest quality. In August 1864, he bought a disused foundry at Tanner's Moat and built a new factory there. However, he became distracted from his chocolate business by his mission to produce, edit and print the Yorkshire Weekly Press: accordingly his chocolate business suffered and in June 1869 he took on his brother Joseph as a full partner in the business, now renamed H. I. Rowntree & Co. The brothers continued in partnership and the business went from strength to strength until Henry Isaac's untimely death on 2 May 1883.

## Family

In February 1868 he married Harriet Selina Osborn in Scarborough.
# Serafim Kolpakov

Serafim Kolpakov (Russian: Серафим Колпаков; 10 January 1933 – 15 November 2011) was a Soviet engineer who served as minister of metallurgy in the 1980s. He was a member of the central committee of the Soviet Communist Party.

## Biography

Kolpakov was born in Lipetsk, Lipetsk Oblast, on 10 January 1933. He graduated from the Lipetsk Mining and Metallurgical College and the Moscow Institute of Steel and Alloys obtaining a bachelor's degree in metallurgical engineer. He also received his PhD in technical sciences.
Following his graduation he worked at the Ashinsky Metallurgical Plant in the Chelyabinsk Oblast, at the Lipetsk Tractor Plant, and then at the Novolipetsk Metallurgical Plant. In the periods 1978-1979 and 1982-1985 Kolpakov served as deputy minister of ferrous metallurgy. In July 1985 he was appointed minister of ferrous metallurgy replacing Ivan Kazanets in the post. Kolpakov's tenure continued until 1989, and in the period 1989-1990 he was the minister of metallurgy. He also served at the central committee of the Communist Party.
In 1992 Kolpakov was elected president of the International Union of Metallurgists and became a member of the steering committee of a non-profit company, Russian Steel Consortium, in 2001.
Kolpakov died of heart attack on 15 November 2011. A funeral ceremony took place on 18 November, and he was buried at the Troyekurovskoye cemetery in Moscow.
# Braník Bridge

Braník Bridge (Czech: Branický most), also known as the Bridge of the Intelligentsia (Czech: most intelligence) is a reinforced-concrete rail bridge with a pedestrian path in Prague, Czech Republic, crossing the Vltava river from Malá Chuchle to the border of Braník and Hodkovičky. The bridge is 910 metres long and 14 metres wide.
As a part of Branická spojka (the Braník Branch Line) the structure links the Prague–Plzeň line to the Nusle–Modřany branch line. The walkway links the Braník district to the Malá Chuchle district.

## History

The bridge was planned as a part of the Prague Rail Bypass. Work began in 1949 and the structure was finished in 1955.

## Name

The bridge is commonly known as the Braník Bridge after the Braník district. However its unofficial name, the Bridge of the Intelligentsia, is more popular with older residents of the city. After the communist coup d'état of 1948, Czechoslovak intelligentsia were forced to work as labourers. Large numbers of Prague intellectuals (lawyers, philosophers, teachers, etc.) worked on the bridge, giving it its unofficial name.
# The Ural Front

The Ural Front (Russian: Большая земля, romanized: Bolshaya zemlya) is a 1944 Soviet World War II film directed by Sergey Gerasimov and starring Tamara Makarova, Viktor Dobrovolsky and Sofya Khalyutina.
The film's sets were designed by the art director Ivan Stepanov. It was distributed in the United States in 1945 by Artkino Pictures.

## Plot

The picture begins in August 1941, during the Great Patriotic War. In one town of the Urals, women accompany their husbands to the war. Now they are alone and have to cope with chores by themselves. Anna, the protagonist of the film, displays strong will and organizational skills which are needed.
Industry is evacuated to the Urals, along with equipment, and people come from places where the fighting is underway or could begin soon. These people have become refugees and they need shelter. Anna takes into her house a family - a woman with children and others also follow suit.

## Cast

* Tamara Makarova as Anna Sviridova
* Viktor Dobrovolsky as Anikeyev
* Sofya Khalyutina as Maria Gavrilovna
* Vladimir Solovyov as Yegor Sviridov
* Sergei Blinnikov as Prikhodko
* Georgi Kovrov as Chernykh
* Mark Bernes as Kozyrev
* Pyotr Aleynikov as Kostya Korotkov
* Vera Altayskaya as Antonina Ushakova
* Nikolai Konovalov as Kurochkin
# Qarenjeh

Qarenjeh (Persian: قارنجه) may refer to:
* Qarenjeh-ye Bozorg
* Qarenjeh-ye Kuchek
# Aqa Bil

Aqa Bil (Persian: اقابيل) may refer to:
* Aqa Bil-e Olya
* Aqa Bil-e Sofla
# Pelince

Pelince (Macedonian: Пелинце) is a village in the municipality of Staro Nagoričane, North Macedonia.
The village became popular among the citizens of the Republic of Macedonia in 2004 when a new national commemorative of ASNOM was built in the village, where the annual celebration of the Macedonian statehood (The Second Ilinden of 1944) has taken place ever since. This decision was brought due to the continuous refusals by the Serbian Orthodox Church authorities to allow Macedonian delegations to visit and celebrate the holiday in the actual venue of ASNOM, the Prohor Pčinjski monastery which is on Serbian territory near the Macedonian border and near the village of Pelince.

## Demographics

According to the 2002 census, the village had a total of 191 inhabitants. Ethnic groups in the village include:
* Macedonians 184
* Serbs 7
# Saudi International (squash)

The Saudi International is an annual men's squash tournament held in Al Khobar, in Saudi Arabia in December. It was part of the PSA World Series, the highest level of men's professional squash competition. The tournament was sponsored by ATCO, the company of President Ziad Al-Turki also chairman of the PSA. The event was founded in 2005 and was last held in 2009.

## Past Results

| Year | Champion | Runner-up | Score in final |
| 2010 | not held due to the 2010 World Open | not held due to the 2010 World Open | not held due to the 2010 World Open |
| 2009 | Ramy Ashour | Nick Matthew | 11-7, 7-11, 11-9, 9-11, 11-8 |
| 2008 | Karim Darwish | Grégory Gaultier | 11-9, 11-5, 3-11, 11-8 |
| 2007 | Amr Shabana | Ramy Ashour | 11-5, 11-5, 1-11, 11-9 |
| 2006 | Amr Shabana | Grégory Gaultier | 11-7, 11-9, 11-4 |
| 2005 | Jonathon Power | Anthony Ricketts | 11-4, 11-9, 4-11, 11-5 |
# Asadabad, Mobarakeh

Asadabad (Persian: اسداباد, also Romanized as Asadābād) is a village in Nurabad Rural District, Garkan-e Jonubi District, Mobarakeh County, Isfahan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 518, in 141 families.
# Vänrikki

Vänrikki (Finnish:) (Second lieutenant, Swedish: Fänrik), from the German fähnrich, is a Finnish commissioned officer rank (OF1). A typical assignment for a professional vänrikki is as junior instructor of recruits.

## Finland

The rank vänrikki is used in active service by reserve officers who remain in service as for 6-to-12-months-long volunteer contract period. In addition, it is the lowest reserve officer rank.

### Conscript officer

The rank has been mainly a reserve rank. The future conscript officers are selected from the whole pool of conscripts. After a basic training of two months, a portion of the conscripts are selected for NCO training. After 2 months of NCO training, the most suitable are selected for reserve officer training and promoted to officer students. The 3½-month-long reserve officers training usually takes place in the Reserve Officer School, and afterwards, the candidates are promoted to officer cadets (Finnish: upseerikokelas). They serve the remaining 5½ months of their conscription practicing as platoon commanders as well as training other conscripts. Finally, successful officer cadets are discharged with the rank of vänrikki. In the reserve, reserve officers may be promoted up to majuri (Major), although there have been extraordinarily promotions to everstiluutnantti (Lieutenant Colonel). The Navy equivalent rank is aliluutnantti (Sub-Lieutenant).
If mobilization is effected, officers in the reserve fill most junior officer duties of the war-time Finnish army. Especially, most platoon and company commander positions and junior staff officer duties are filled with reservists.

### Professional officer

The National Defence College accepts both reserve officers and reserve NCOs. Those cadets who did not receive reserve officer training during their conscription are usually promoted to the personal rank of vänrikki during their studies. However, upon graduation, professional officers are promoted to luutnantti.
During the early 21st century, the National Defence College also had a one-year program to commission professional officers with the rank of vänrikki and a fixed service term of five years. The rank is the lowest commissioned officer rank.
Formerly a school called Maanpuolustusopisto (MpO) had vänrikki as the rank given to new graduates. These officers were known as opistoupseeri (usually translated "Warrant Officer"), and could be promoted up to yliluutnantti, senior lieutenant, (company vice-commander), and later, to kapteeni (company commander). The opisto level ceased to exist in Finland (other schools were redefined as ammattikorkeakoulu) in the end of 1990's. However, in the military, the MpO was decommissioned. All officers are now trained by the National Defence College. Any existing MpO graduates may obtain further education to upgrade their degree to a university degree.

### Extraordinary

Simo Häyhä, believed to have the highest number of sniper kills in any major war, was extraordinarily promoted to vänrikki, from alikersantti (Corporal), personally by Marshal Gustaf Mannerheim.
# Sunil Manchanda

Sunil Manchanda is an Indian film director, and producer, and an advertisement producer.

## Career

His 2003 film Tere Naam won four awards. Manchanda also produced Cheeni Kum in 2007, which won one award and was nominated for four others. On 4 December 2009, Paa was released in 34 countries worldwide. It was originally supposed to be produced by Manchanda and Director R Balakrishnan, but was instead changed to Manchanda and AB Corporation.
In 2017, Manchanda was one of the producers behind the movie Mom.

## Films

His most notable films include:
| Film | Year |
| Mom | 2017 |
| Tevar | 2015 |
| Shamitabh | 2015 |
| Aisha | 2010 |
| Paa | 2009 |
| Cheeni Kum | 2007 |
| Salaam-e-Ishq: A Tribute to Love | 2007 |
| Kyon Ki | 2005 |
| Dil Ne Jise Apna Kahaa | 2004 |
| Tere Naam | 2003 |
| Prithvi | 1997 |
| Army | 1996 |

## Awards, nominations

* Paa received 14 Nominations for 16th Star Screen Awards
and won 5 awards at the Screen Awards
* Cheeni Kum received 1 award and 4 nominations, including the Apsara Award for Best Movie (2008)
* Tere Naam received 4 awards and 16 nominations
# Bohuslav Beránek

Bohuslav Beránek (25 March 1946 – 5 October 2007) was an orienteering competitor who competed for Czechoslovakia. At the 1970 World Orienteering Championships in Eisenach he won a bronze medal in the relay, together with Zdenek Lenhart, Jaroslav Jasek and Svatoslav Galik. He lived in Plzeň.
# Mount Azov

Azov (Russian: Азов) is a mountain in Central Ural, Russia. It is located 8 km from Polevskoy meat Zyuzelsky village. It's one of the natural monuments of Russia.
According to Aleksandr Matveyev, the configuration of the rocks gives a reason to believe that the name of the mountain derives from the Tatar word azaw teš (азау теш), meaning 'molar tooth'. In other Turkic languages the word means 'fang', 'edge', or 'sting'. The archaeologist E. Bers believed that in the Iron Age it served as a sacrificial place.
According to popular beliefs, a creature from local folktales called Azovka (lit. 'the Azov girl') lives inside Mount Azov.
# H. G. Callan

Harold Garnet Callan FRS FRSE (15 March 1917, in Maidenhead – 3 November 1993), known as Mick Callan, was an English zoologist and cytologist. He is especially remembered for his work on Lampbrush chromosomes.

## Life

Callan was born in Maidenhead in Berkshire the son of Garnet George Callan, a naval architect, and Winifred Edith Brazier, a teacher.
He was educated at King's College School in Wimbledon, and then won a place at St John's College at Oxford University graduating with a First Class MA in Zoology in 1938.
After initially finding employment at the John Innes Institute in Surrey, he won a scholarship and jumped at the chance of working at the Stazione Zoologica in Naples. This was initially to study sex hormones of the octopus. It was here that he first saw Lampbrush chromosomes, which became his lifetime obsession.
His studies in Naples were interrupted by the Second World War. Mick initially joined the RAF, rising from Flight Lieutenant to Squadron Leader, as a highly competent airman. He was then transferred into radar research and operation.
After the war, then newly married, he moved to work at University College, London, and from there to Edinburgh to work under the famed biologist Conrad Hal Waddington. Here he worked in the Research Unit of Animal Genetics from 1946 to 1950. In 1950, Callan gained a D.Sc. from the University of Edinburgh. He then received a professorship (the Kennedy Chair in Natural History) at St Andrews University, replacing Prof D'Arcy Wentworth Thompson, and stayed in this role from 1950 to 1982.
He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh in 1952 and a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1963. St Andrews University awarded him an honorary doctorate (DSc) in 1984.
He served as a Trustee of the British Museum from 1963 to 1966.
In 1981, Callan became a founding member of the World Cultural Council.
He promoted scientific advancement within the Soviet Bloc, travelling three times to Russia and once to China, in the interests of scientific advancement.
His final (post-retiral) research was spent largely with Dr Joe Gall in Baltimore, working on snurposomes and RNA-packaging.
He died at home, Feuchside near Dundee, on 3 November 1993.

## Family

Mick met his wife, Amarillis Maria Speranza Dohrn in Naples and they married there in 1944. They had one son and two daughters.

## Publications

* Chromosomes and Nucleoli of the Axolotl, Ambystoma Mexicanum. In: J Cell Sci 1, 1966: 85–108. PDF
* Lampbrush Chromosomes (1986)