OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Ferdows Hole-in-the-Rock

34°08′45.7″N 57°50′24″E﻿ / ﻿34.146028°N 57.84000°E﻿ / 34.146028; 57.84000
Ferdows Hole-in-the-Rock (Persian: سنگ سوراخ فردوس – Sang-e-Sourakh Ferdows) is a natural geological formation located 35 km (22 mi) west of Ferdows, South Khorasan Province, Iran.

## Description

"Sange Sourakh" translates to "Hole Rock" in Persian. Ferdows Hole-in-the-Rock is an elliptical opening around 20 metres (66 ft) wide eroded in a Limestone hill. The hole is believed to have been formed over millions of years by wind and water erosion, carving away at the limestone rock. The formation is steeped in local folklore and legends, adding to its cultural significance. It's nestled within a limestone hill. As the sun moves throughout the day, light illuminates different parts of the hole, creating a variety of differently-shaped shadows throughout the day.

## Gallery

* Ferdows Hole-in-the-Rock, located in Ferdows County.
* View from inside Ferdows Hole-in-the-Rock.
* View from inside Ferdows Hole-in-the-Rock.
# Global Emergency Response Coalition

The Global Emergency Response Coalition is a lifesaving humanitarian alliance made up of eight of the world's largest U.S.-based international aid organizations whose ultimate vision is to solve for the emergency, humanitarian situations more effectively and to respond to the crisis of the present and the future.
The Coalition was formed in 2017 in response to hunger crises affecting more than 20 million people in Nigeria, Yemen, South Sudan, Somalia and neighboring countries.
The Global Emergency Response Coalition consists of CARE, International Medical Corps, International Rescue Committee, Mercy Corps, Oxfam, Plan International, Save the Children and World Vision. The Coalition aims to work collectively to deliver relief to millions of children and families in need and to broaden awareness of international disasters in order to inspire new donors and donations, to ultimately save more lives.

## Publicity

The coalition has been covered by ABC News., CNN, The Washington Post, Devex, PBS, Glamour, FOX, and more.
George Clooney participated in a PSA for the coalition, as did Lily Donaldson

## Member Organizations

* CARE
* International Medical Corps
* International Rescue Committee
* Mercy Corps
* Oxfam
* Plan International
* Save the Children
* World Vision

## Fundraising and Partners

All funds raised by the coalition are allocated to the member agencies equally, and at the discretion of each member. At least 85% of all donations will go directly to support the communities affected.
Corporate partners of the coalition include BlackRock, PepsiCo., PepsiCo. Foundation, Visa, Google, PMX Agency, Porter Novelli and Twitter.

## Background

Today, the need for humanitarian aid continues to expand. The UN estimates that one out of every 70 people around the world is caught up in a crisis. Natural disasters affect around 350 million people each year; more than 68 million were displaced by conflict in 2017. Humanitarian crises are also lasting longer — now an average of nine years. In a humanitarian system where funding is strained, creative and collective solutions are needed. By raising funds and attention for these large-scale emergencies together, we believe we can be part of the solution to help the increasing number of people in need.
# Isturits

Isturits (French pronunciation:; Basque: Izturitze; also Isturitz) is a commune in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department in south-western France. It is located in the former province of Lower Navarre (Arberoa).
The Isturitz and Oxocelhaya caves are an important Paleolithic site where a Neanderthal mandible was found, as well as later modern human finds associated with the Aurignacian, Solutrean and Magdalenian. They also include cave paintings and bone flutes.
# Maleklu

Maleklu (Persian: ملك لو, also Romanized as Maleklū; also known as Maleklī) is a village in Qarah Quyun-e Jonubi Rural District, Qarah Quyun District, Showt County, West Azerbaijan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 211, in 45 families.
# Oxwich Bay

Oxwich Bay (Welsh: Bae Oxwich) is a bay on the south of the Gower Peninsula, Wales.

## Bay

Its landscape features sand dunes, salt marshes and woodland. Oxwich Bay includes a 2+1⁄2-mile (4 km) long sandy beach, accessible from the village of Oxwich. It is a popular spot for swimming and watersports including diving, sailing, water skiing and windsurfing. There is a public footpath along the cliffs from Oxwich Bay, around Oxwich Point, and to Port Eynon Bay. Buses run every couple of hours between Oxwich and Port Eynon.
A wetland site at the rear of the dunes forms Oxwich Burrows National Nature Reserve. The dunes are crossed by a small stream called Nicholaston Pill. The bay ends at the eastern end with the cliffs of High Tor; but at low tide, a continuous sandy beach connects with Three Cliffs Bay beyond. Within the nature reserve there are rare plants such as the dune gentian and the round-leafed wintergreen, insects such as the small blue, beachcomber beetle and the hairy dragonfly while the wetlands are important for birds, a bird hide is located at Whitestones which is accessed by a boardwalk through the wetlands. The birds present include water rail, little grebe and wildfowl, as well as the occasional wintering great bittern.
Submarine cables leave the mainland of Britain from Oxwich. These include the SOLAS cable across the Irish Sea, and the TAT-11 and Gemini North transatlantic telephone cables. These latter two do not terminate here but instead continue on to France (TAT-11) and England (Gemini).
On 1 February 2007, Oxwich beach was named the most beautiful in Britain.
# Nikolai Baikov

Nicolai Apollonovich Baikov (Kiev, 29 November 1872 – Brisbane, 6 March 1958) was an officer of the imperial Russian army, and explorer, a naturalist and a hunter. He spent many years in Manchuria and wrote numerous books on the region. Many of these have been translated into East Asian languages, but only Big Game Hunting in Manchuria was published in English.
# The Barbarians (painting)

The Barbarians (French: Les Barbares) is a 1937 painting by German surrealist painter Max Ernst.

## Description

From The Hartford Courant:
    "Max Ernst's 1937 "The Barbarians" shows a bird-creature with a half-human, half-something. Are they battling? Commiserating? Whichever, they tower over the human below them."
Ernst's Surrealist paintings are steeped in Freudian metaphor, private mythology, and childhood memories. One of his major themes centered on the image of the bird, which often incorporated human elements. Although some of these birds look benign, their mere presence appears to be ominous. He first coupled birds and windblown, apocalyptic animals in a series of small works entitled The Horde (1927), and he resumed the theme in 1935 in a series of even smaller paintings called The Barbarians, to which the present one belongs. In his biography of the artist, John Russell identified these creatures as expressions of Ernst's fearful anticipation of the impending devastation in Europe during World War II. In this small painting, a gigantic, malevolent-looking bird couple marches forward with seemingly mile-long strides. The dark female leads the way as her male companion turns to look at the strange animal-perhaps their offspring-clinging to his left arm. In the far distance, a tiny woman holds onto some undefined winged being. The strange patterns on the bodies of the main figures, which evoke fossils or geological formations, are the result of grattage (scraping). In this technique, the artist coated the canvas, or in this case, a piece of cardboard, with layers of paint and while it was still wet pressed it against objects that left imprints on the surface. Afterward, he used a brush to touch up the forms thus created, or scraped away layers of pigment.
# Yusuf Khan (Armenian)

Yusuf Khan (also spelled Yusof Khan) was a Safavid gholam and official of Armenian origin who was governor of Astarabad (1604), Shamakhi (1610-?), and Shirvan (1610–1624) during the reign of King Abbas I (r. 1588–1629). Originally a Christian, Yusuf was first employed in the royal mews, and because of his skill in handling and hunting birds and animals, he was soon given the rank of "master of the hunt" (mīr shekār-bāshi). Thereafter, he became governor of Shirvan and Shamakhi.
When Abbas I decided to marry his granddaughter to Semayun Khan (Simon II) in 1624, Yusuf Khan was ordered by Qarachaqay Khan, likewise of Christian Armenian origin and a childhood friend, to host the banquet in the first term of the wedding party.
Yusuf Khan was murdered on the orders of Murav Beg (Giorgi Saakadze), after the latter decided to conspire with the Georgian rebel leaders.

## Sources

* Allsen, Thomas (2006). The Royal Hunt in Eurasian History. University of Pennsylvania Press. p. 90. ISBN 978-0812239263.
* Blow, David (2009). Shah Abbas: The Ruthless King Who Became an Iranian Legend. I.B.Tauris. pp. 134, 176. ISBN 978-0857716767.
* Floor, Willem M.; Faghfoory, Mohammad H. (2007). The Dastur Al-moluk: A Safavid State Manual, by Mohammad Rafi' al-Din Ansari. Mazda Publishers. pp. 187–188. ISBN 978-1568591957.
* Floor, Willem M. (2008). Titles and Emoluments in Safavid Iran: A Third Manual of Safavid Administration, by Mirza Naqi Nasiri. Washington, DC: Mage Publishers. pp. 152–153, 278–279, 286. ISBN 978-1933823232.
* Floor, Willem; Herzig, Edmund (2015). Iran and the World in the Safavid Age. I.B.Tauris. p. 484. ISBN 978-1780769905.
| Preceded byHoseyn Khan Ziyadoghlu Qajar | Governor of Astarabad 1604 | Succeeded byFereydun Khan Cherkes |
| Preceded byAli Beg Ustajlu | Master of the hunt (mīr shekār-bāshi) 1609-1610 | Succeeded byFarhad Beg Cherkes |
| Preceded byZu'l Fiqar Qaramanlu | Governor of Shamakhi 1610-? | Succeeded byAllahverdi Khan (1704) |
| Preceded byZu'l Fiqar Qaramanlu | Governor of Shirvan 1610-1624 | Succeeded byQazaq Khan Cherkes |
# Zuccari (surname)

Zuccari is an Italian surname. Notable people with the name include:
* Anna Radius Zuccari (1846–1918), Italian writer
* Carlo Zuccari (1703-1792), Italian composer and violist
* Federigo Zuccari (1783 –1817), Italian astronomer
# Nikolai Kischner

Nikolai Matveyevich Kischner (Russian: Николай Матвеевич Кижнер; 27 November 1867 – 28 November 1935) was a Russian chemist and member of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

## Biography

After graduating from the Moscow Classical Gymnasium in 1886 Kischner enrolled to the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics of the Moscow State University. Since 1889 he focused on organic chemistry, studying under Vladimir Luginin and Vladimir Markovnikov. In 1890, he completed his courses and started working on a PhD on "Amines and hydrazines of polymethylene series, methods of their preparation and transformation", which he defended in 1895. In 1900, he defended a habilitation on "The action of silver oxide and hydroxylamine on bromamines. On the structure of hexahydrobenzene".
While studying under Markovnikov, he assisted him with teaching of qualitative analysis. Later (1893–1898), he taught special courses in organic chemistry at the Moscow University and the Alexander Military School.
In 1901, Kischner was appointed full professor at Department of Organic Chemistry of the Tomsk Polytechnic University. His work benefited from copious funding, but it was hindered by gangrene of his hands and feet that eventually brought him to disability. In 1913 he left his position and returned to Moscow. In Moscow, his health improved, so that he could continue working until his death in 1935.

## Work

In his early years (1891–97) Kischner studied the hydrogenation of benzene using hydriodic acid. After a careful study of the physical and chemical properties of the reaction product (presumably hexahydrobenzene), he concluded that the product is methylcyclopentane, and the reaction proceeds via isomerization of the cycle. These results agreed with works of Markovnikov who discovered the isomerization of naphthenic (alicyclic) compounds.
In 1907–1910, he synthesized cyclobutane ester and studied transformations of cyclobutane into cyclopentane. In 1911, he extended this work on cyclopropane. In 1910 he described the catalytic decomposition of alcylidenhydrazines, which was later named as the Wolff–Kishner reduction.
In 1912, Kischner later applied the catalytic decomposition to pyrazoline bases and developed a versatile method for the preparation of substituted cyclopropanes by thermal decomposition of pyrazolines. This reaction, known as the Kishner reaction, is easy to conduct and yields pure products at a high yield of 50–70%.
Kischner continued the studies of his mentor Markovnikov. He significantly contributed to the understanding of alicyclic compounds, their intermediate position between fatty (acyclic) and aromatic compounds and relationships with heterocyclic compounds. He also developed several efficient catalytic synthesis methods that were used by the Soviet dye industry. In recognition of his achievements, he was awarded the Butlerov Prize (in 1893 and 1914) and elected as a regular (1929) and then honorary (1934) member of the Russian Academy of Sciences.
# Ali Kola, Juybar

Ali Kola (Persian: علي كلا, also Romanized as ‘Alī Kolā) is a village in Chapakrud Rural District, Gil Khuran District, Juybar County, Mazandaran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 94, in 26 families.
# Champien

Champien (French pronunciation:; Picard: Chimpien) is a commune in the Somme department in Hauts-de-France in northern France.

## Geography

Champien is situated on the D186 road, some 30 miles (48 km) southeast of Amiens.
# Vladimir Sergeyevich Sergeyev

Vladimir Sergeyevich Sergeyev (Russian: Владимир Серге́евич Сергеев) (28 June [O.S. 16 June] 1883 - 8 January 1941 in Moscow) was a Soviet historian of classical antiquity.
During 1934-41 Sergeev served as the head of Department of Ancient History at the Moscow State University and the Moscow Institute of Philosophy, Literature, and History [hy; pl; ru; uk]. During 1936-41 worked in the Institute of History Soviet Academy of Sciences. Sergeev concentrated on the history of Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome and was author of the first Soviet textbooks about this topic.

## Selected works

* Очерки по истории Древнего Рима (Essays on the History of Ancient Rome), (2 parts), 1938.
* История Древней Греции (History of Ancient Greece), 1939.
# Court of the Patriarchs

The Court of the Patriarchs is a sandstone cliff on the south face of the Three Patriarchs in Zion Canyon in Zion National Park in Washington County, Utah, United States.

## Climate

Spring and fall are the most favorable seasons to visit the Court of the Patriarchs. According to the Köppen climate classification system, it is located in a cold semi-arid climate zone, which is defined by the coldest month having an average mean temperature below 32 °F (0 °C), and at least 50% of the total annual precipitation being received during the spring and summer. This desert climate receives less than 10 inches (250 millimeters) of annual rainfall, and snowfall is generally light during the winter.

## Gallery

* Three Patriarchs: Abraham Peak, Isaac Peak, Jacob Peak, and Mount Moroni, May 2015
* Sunrise from Deertrap Mountain. Court of the Patriarchs centered down below. Mountain of the Sun foreground left, November 2016
# Słupia, Gmina Zawidz

Słupia is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Zawidz, within Sierpc County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.
# Murgah

Murgah (Persian: مورگاه) may refer to:
* Murgah, Sepidan, Fars Province
* Murgah Kakan, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province
# Donald Thomas (racing driver)

Donald Thomas (July 10, 1932 – December 16, 1977) was an American professional stock car racing driver. The younger brother of Herb Thomas, he made 79 NASCAR Grand National Series starts, scoring one win and one pole position.

## Racing career

Thomas' NASCAR Grand National Series career spanned from his season in 1950 with age of 17 to 1956 with age of 23, although the bulk of his starts came between 1951 and 1954. Thomas won the season's penultimate contest in 1952, capturing the checkered flag at Lakewood Speedway, taking the lead from his brother Herb in the closing stages of the race after the latter ran into mechanical trouble. In doing so, he became NASCAR's youngest winner, a record that stood until Kyle Busch's 2005 triumph at Auto Club Speedway.

## Personal life

Thomas' childhood was spent on the family tobacco farm. He was married and had two sons and two daughters. He died in December 1977 and was buried near his home in Sanford, North Carolina.
# Alexander Stepanov (ice hockey)

Aleksandr Aleksandrovich Stepanov (Russian: Александр Александрович Степанов; born April 26, 1979) is a Russian ice hockey forward who currently plays for Severstal Cherepovets of the Kontinental Hockey League.

## Honors

* Russian championship: 2000, 2005, 2006
* European Champions cup: 2006, 2007
# İsabey, Karakoçan

İsabey (Kurdish: Îsabeg) is a village in the Karakoçan District of Elazığ Province in Turkey. Its population is 64 (2021). The village is populated by Kurds of the Izol tribe.
# Binic-Étables-sur-Mer

Binic-Étables-sur-Mer (French pronunciation:; Breton: Binig-Staol) is a commune in the Côtes-d'Armor department of Brittany in northwestern France.
It is the result of the merger, on 1 March 2016, of the communes of Binic and Étables-sur-Mer.
# Broken Safety 2

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| PopMatters | |
| RapReviews | |
| XXL | |
Broken Safety 2 is the second studio album by American rapper 40 Cal. from Harlem, New York. It's a sequel to his debut album Broken Safety. It was originally scheduled to be released in June 2007 but was instead released on September 11 that same year via Diplomat Records and Koch Records. It features guest spots by the Dipset.
The album was originally scheduled to include a limited-edition bonus DVD featuring Dipset footage & live performances, but the release was cancelled by the distributor.
The first single was "The Big Boys".

## Personnel

* Calvin Alan Byrd – main artist, executive producer
* LaRon Louis James – featured artist (track 2)
* Durrell Mohammad – featured artist (track 4)
* Natoya Handy – featured artist (track 5)
* Gerrell Gaddis – featured artist (track 7)
* Cameron Ezike Giles – featured artist (track 13)
* Juan Rusty Brito – featured artist (track 13)
* A. Holmes – featured artist (track 15)
* Ru Spits – featured artist (track 15)
* Su Da Boss – featured artist (track 17)
* Doe Boy – producer (tracks: 1-3, 5-7, 9, 11)
* Bangaz – producer (tracks: 4, 8, 12)
* Tai Jason – producer (tracks: 14, 16)
* Shatek King – producer (track 13)
* Big-Tyme – producer (track 15)
* Skeme Team – executive producer
* Arnold Mischkulnig – mastering
* K. "Cool" Shillingford – A&R
* Seth Kushner – cover photo

## Chart history

| Chart (2007) | Peak position |
| US Billboard 200 | 151 |
| US Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums (Billboard) | 27 |
| US Top Rap Albums (Billboard) | 12 |
| US Independent Albums (Billboard) | 20 |
| US Heatseekers Albums (Billboard) | 3 |
# Arazi, Isfahan

Arazi (Persian: اراضي, also Romanized as Arāẕī) is a village in Nurabad Rural District, Garkan-e Jonubi District, Mobarakeh County, Isfahan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 1,743, in 450 families.
# Tartak, Mińsk County

Tartak is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Mińsk Mazowiecki, within Mińsk County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.
# Mostafa Tajik

Mostafa Tajik (Persian: مصطفی تاجیک, 6 April 1932 – 15 June 2010) was an Iranian wrestler. He competed in the men's freestyle lightweight at the 1960 Summer Olympics, finishing in fourth place.
# Saint Govan

Saint Govan (Welsh: Gofan; died 586) was a hermit who lived in a fissure on the side of coastal cliff near Bosherston, in the Pembrokeshire Coast National Park, Wales. St. Govan's Chapel was built in the fissure in the 13th century on what is now known as St. Govan's Head.

## Legends

One story says Govan was an Irish monk who travelled to Wales late in life to seek the friends and family of the abbot who had trained him, variously identified as Saint David or Saint Ailbe of Emly. Another story identifies Govan with Gawain, one of King Arthur's Knights of the Round Table;. In traditional Welsh, the name "Govan" means "Legendary Son of Caw". Caw- or Hueil mab Caw- was a Pictish rival of King Arthur. In other legends he is a thief.
Govan was set upon by pirates, from Ireland or the nearby Lundy Island. The cliff opened up and left a fissure just big enough for him to hide in until the pirates left. In gratitude, he decided to stay on along the cliff, probably to help warn the locals of the impending pirate attack if they were to return.
Govan lived within a small cave in the fissure of the cliff. This is now reached by a long flight of stone steps, the number of which is said to vary depending on whether one is ascending or descending.
The present small vaulted chapel of local limestone was built over the cave and dates from the 13th century although the site may have been of monastic importance since the 5th century. St Govan may be identified with Sir Gawain, one of King Arthur's knights, who entered into a state of retreat in his later years.
Originally, Govan caught fish and took water from two nearby springs. Both are now dry; one was where the medieval chapel now stands, the other, which was lower down the cliff, later became a holy well. A legend says St Govan's hand prints are imprinted on the floor of his cave and his body is buried under the chapel's altar. The cave was once a popular place for making wishes.

### The Bell Rock

Another legend regarding St Govan concerns his silver bell. He is supposed to have kept the bell in the tower of the chapel. When the bell pealed, its sound was of perfect tone and clarity. But pirates who heard the sound left St Govan desolate when they stole the bell. Angels flew in and took it from the pirates and returned it to the hermit. To stop the pirates returning and taking it again, the angels encased the bell in a huge stone, that is, the Bell Rock which is found at the water's edge. The legend said that when St Govan "rang" the stone, its vigour had become a thousand times stronger.