OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Adana Eyalet

The Eyalet of Adana (Ottoman Turkish: ایالت ادنه; Eyālet-i Adana) was an eyalet of the Ottoman Empire, established in 1608, when it was separated from the Eyalet of Aleppo. Its reported area in the 19th century was 11,409 square miles (29,550 km$^2$).

## History

The Ramadanids played a key role in 15th-century Ottoman-Mamluk relations, being a buffer state located in the Mamluk al-'Awasim frontier zone. In 1517, Selim I incorporated the beylik into the Ottoman Empire after his conquest of the Mamluk state. The beys of Ramadanids held the administration of the Ottoman sanjak of Adana in a hereditary manner until 1608.

## Administrative divisions

| Sanjaks between 1700 and 1740: Adana Sanjak (Paşa Sancağı , Adana) Tarsus Sanjak (Tarsus) Sis Sanjak (Sis Sansağı, Kozan) Ichil Sanjak (İçil Sancağı or İçel Sancağı, Anamur-Silifke) Alaya Sanjak (Alâ'iyye Sancağı, Alanya) | Sanjaks in the mid-19th century: Adana Sanjak Tarsus Sanjak Alayeh Sanjak Sis Sanjak Piyas Sanjak (Payas?) Anemur Sanjak Selefkeh Sanjak |

## Sources

* ↑ John Macgregor (1850). Commercial statistics: A digest of the productive resources, commercial... Whittaker and co. p. 12. Retrieved 2013-06-27.
* ↑ "Some Provinces of the Ottoman Empire". Geonames.de. Archived from the original on 28 September 2013. Retrieved 25 February 2013.
* ↑ Donald Edgar Pitcher (1972). An Historical Geography of the Ottoman Empire. Brill Archive. p. 125. Retrieved 2013-06-27.
* ↑ Evliya Çelebi; Joseph von Hammer-Purgstall (1834). Narrative of Travels in Europe, Asia, and Africa in the Seventeenth Century. Vol. 1. Oriental Translation Fund. p. 93. Retrieved 2013-06-27.
* ↑ The Popular encyclopedia: or, conversations lexicon. Vol. 6. Blackie. 1862. p. 698. Retrieved 2013-06-27.
* ↑ Orhan Kılıç, XVII. Yüzyılın İlk Yarısında Osmanlı Devleti'nin Eyalet ve Sancak Teşkilatlanması, Osmanlı, Cilt 6: Teşkilât, Yeni Türkiye Yayınları, Ankara, 1999, ISBN 975-6782-09-9, p. 95. (in Turkish)
* ↑ The Penny Cyclopædia of the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge. C. Knight. 1843. p. 393. Retrieved 2013-06-27.
vteAdministrative divisions of the Ottoman Empire :
c. 1365 – 1867 (eyalets) :
1867–1922 (vilayets and mutasarrıfates) :
Vassals and autonomies :
# Nowruzan

Nowruzan or Nauruzan (Persian: نوروزان) may refer to:
* Nowruzan, Kavar
* Nowruzan, Shiraz
# Hoti, Plav

Hoti (Cyrillic: Хоти; Albanian: Hoti i Kujit) is a village in the municipality of Plav, Montenegro.

## History

'Hoti i Vendit' or 'Hoti i Kujit' is a settlement of the Hoti tribe.

## Demographics

According to the 2011 census, its population was 205. The population is majority Muslim. The Albanians of this village speak with the Gheg dialect of the Albanian language.
Ethnicity in 2011 :
| Ethnicity | Number | Percentage |
| Albanians | 185 | 90.2% |
| Bosniaks | 11 | 5.4% |
| other/undeclared | 9 | 4.4% |
| Total | 205 | 100% |
# Sue Coleman

Sue Coleman (born March 1947) is a Wildlife painter from England who moved to Vancouver Island, in Canada in 1967. Coleman is known for her watercolour paintings in which she uses a controversial style mimicking the styles and motifs of Indigenous art. She also paints west-coast scenes, wildlife, and landscapes. Coleman has written and illustrated seven books.

## Career

In 1967, Coleman moved from England to Canada and began to study the art of First Nations artists in the 1980s. She has called what she does as a "translation" of Indigenous Canadian art. She then began to make art that mimicked the style and motifs of Northwest Coast Indigenous art blended with her own representational style because as she has said, "I knew I had something of a marketable value." She does not feel that she is actually copying or reproducing any Indigenous artists' specific works, but rather she has stated that her work "adapts and blends a number of Indigenous styles from B.C. to create her own original style."

### Controversy

Coleman's style is often referred to as a cultural appropriation of Indigenous art work. Some people were confused, and mistakenly believed that her paintings were done by an Indigenous artist. Although Coleman considered this a compliment to her skill as an artist, she always claimed to be an English emigrant. Her work has been referred to by both Indigenous and non-Indigenous artists as cultural appropriations or knockoffs of Indigenous artwork, according to reports by the CBC.
Coleman once described herself as a "translator" of Indigenous art forms which drew criticism. The Kwakwak'awakw/Salish artist Carey Newman has stated, "We do not need you or anyone else to 'translate' our art form." Newman's father also discouraged her from using Indigenous traditional imagery in her work, and according to the CBC, "He told her the practice of non-Indigenous people copying and selling Indigenous-style artwork was immoral." Prominent Indigenous artists Richard Hunt, George Littlechild, Roy Henry Vickers among over 100 others, signed an open letter critical of Coleman's appropriation of Indigenous art. Over the years Coleman's art style has changed. During a 2017 interview with the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation, Coleman said she is beginning to do art in a completely different style.

### Awards

"Silver Teal Award" (1994). Presented by Ducks Unlimited in British Columbia

## Books

* An Artist’s Vision (1989) By Sue Coleman
* Artist at Large in the Queen Charlotte Islands (1992) By Sue Coleman
* Artist at Large along the South Coast of Alaska (1993) By Sue Coleman
* "Biggle Foo meets Stinky" (1997) By Sue Coleman
* Biggle Foo Becomes a Legend (1997) By Sue Coleman
* Return of the Raven (2013) By Sue Coleman
* The Trumpeter Swan (2015) By Sue Coleman

## Personal

Coleman is from Colchester, Essex England. In 1967, she married Canadian Dan Coleman (whom she met in high school while Dan lived with his mother in Colchester), and she lives in Cowichan Bay. Coleman was trained as a pastry chef but began painting in the 1980s. Coleman works to promote environmental conservation.
# Sokół, Masovian Voivodeship

Sokół is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Sobolew, within Garwolin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately 4 kilometres (2 mi) north-east of Sobolew, 17 km (11 mi) south of Garwolin, and 71 km (44 mi) south-east of Warsaw.
# Irigny

Irigny (French pronunciation: ; Arpitan: Éregnins) is a commune in the Metropolis of Lyon in Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region in eastern France. The residents are called Irignois.
# Gauville, Somme

Gauville (French pronunciation: ; Picard: Gueuville) is a commune in the Somme department in Hauts-de-France in northern France.

## Geography

Gauville is situated in the southwest, on the border with the département of Seine-Maritime, on the D1015 road, some 30 miles (48 km) southwest of Amiens.
# Shams al-Din Isfahani

Shams al-Din Isfahani (Persian: شمس الدین اصفهانی; died 1249) was a Persian vizier and military commander in medieval Anatolia. He served as deputy (na'eb) to Sultan Kaykhusraw II (r. 1237-1246) of the Seljuk Sultanate of Rum and as the commander-in-chief of his army. After the formal submission of the Sultanate to the Mongol Empire, he became deputy to the Mongol ruler Batu Khan (r. 1227–1255) in Anatolia. He later reached the apex of his power when he became the new vizier of the Sultanate of Rum, and its de facto ruler for a short period after Kaykhusraw's death.

## Life

Following their defeat at the Battle of Köse Dağ, the Seljuks sent a diplomatic mission headed by Shams al-Din Isfahani, the deputy (na'eb) of Kaykhusraw II and the commander-in-chief of the Sultanate's army, to the Mongol ruler Batu Khan. Eventually, Batu allowed Kaykhusraw II to stay in "power" as a subject ruler of the Mongols in return for a significant annual tribute. For his efforts, Isfahani was lavishly rewarded; he was made Batu Khan's deputy in Anatolia. When Kaykhusraw's vizier Mohadhdhab al-Din died, Isfahani became the new vizier of the Sultanate of Rum, thus cementing his power over Anatolia. According to Andrew Peacock: "henceforth the Saljuq sultans were to play a secondary political role, pawns of the officials appointed by competing Mongol factions".
After Kaykhusraw II died in 1246, Isfahani seized "the real power in the sultanate". He installed Kaykhusraw's eldest son, known regnally as Kaykaus II, on the Sultanate's throne. In the meantime, Isfahani had appointed his own allies to key positions within the Sultanate's realm. He also married Kaykhusraw's widow, Prodoulia, which reportedly induced condemnation and antipathy from his contemporaries. According to Bar Hebraeus, the two reportedly had a son, about whom nothing is known.
Things were going well for Isfahani, until Mongol ruler Güyük Khan (r. 1246-1248) decided to confirm Kaykhusraw's second son, known regnally as Kilij Arslan IV, as the new sultan. In all likelihood, Güyük "was probably trying to use this appointment to undermine his rival Batu who had claimed sovereignty over Anatolia".

### Death

Isfahani was eventually arrested and murdered in 1249 by supporters of Kilij Arslan IV. He was succeeded by Jalal al-Din Qaratay, one of his former allies.
# Walmerson

Walmerson García Praia (born 13 January 1994), known as Walmerson or Wal, is a Brazilian professional footballer who plays as a forward for Saudi club Al-Jubail.

## Career
### Club

On 25 January 2019, FC Banants announced that Walmerson had moved to Tokyo Verdy.
On 17 January 2020, Floriana announced the signing of Walmerson.

## Career statistics
### Club

    As of match played 30 June 2019
Appearances and goals by club, season and competition :
| Club | Season | League | League | League | National Cup | National Cup | Continental | Continental | Other | Other | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Gandzasar Kapan (loan) | 2016–17 | Armenian Premier League | 24 | 5 | 2 | 0 | – | – | – | – | 26 | 5 |
| Banants (loan) | 2017–18 | Armenian Premier League | 22 | 6 | 4 | 0 | – | – | – | – | 26 | 6 |
| Banants (loan) | 2018–19 | Armenian Premier League | 15 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 0 | – | – | 18 | 5 |
| Banants (loan) | Total | Total | 37 | 11 | 5 | 0 | 2 | 0 | - | - | 42 | 11 |
| Tokyo Verdy (loan) | 2019 | J2 League | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | – | – | – | – | 4 | 0 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 65 | 16 | 7 | 0 | 2 | 0 | - | - | 72 | 16 |
# Marco Wolff

Marco Wolff (born 14 December 1996) is an Argentine professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for Maccabi Petah Tikva in the Israeli Premier League.

## Career
### Tigre

Born in Buenos Aires, Wolff is the son of Waldo Ezequiel Wolff, who was also a professional goalkeeper for clubs including Ituzaingó in Argentina and Maccabi Kiryat Gat in Israel. The elder Wolff later became a politician. Marco Wolff began playing football in Sociedad Hebraica Argentina, and represented his nation at the 2013 Maccabiah Games.
Wolff began his professional career at Tigre. He made his only appearance for the club on 10 March 2020 in a 2–0 loss away to Club Bolívar of Bolivia in the second game of the group stage of the Copa Libertadores. The game was played at 3,500 metres above sea level in La Paz, and Tigre fielded several fringe players due to focus on the domestic league.

### Maccabi Petah Tikva

In July 2021, Wolff transferred to Maccabi Petah Tikva in the Israeli Premier League on a one-year deal with the option of two more. He cited the COVID-19 pandemic in Argentina and his homeland's economic crisis as reasons for his emigration. Wolff, who is Jewish, qualifies for Israeli citizenship under the Law of Return and therefore does not take up a place in the league's quota of foreign players.
Wolff's team were relegated in his first season, but returned to the top flight as champions of the 2022–23 Liga Leumit. The title was sealed with a 7–0 win at Bnei Yehuda Tel Aviv on 1 May. Wolff said that he communicated with his teammates mainly in English, having a rudimentary knowledge of Hebrew.
On 30 May 2024, Wolff won his second title with the club, Israel State Cup, after beating Hapoel Be'er Sheva 1–0 in the final. He then signed a new contract until 2027.

## Honours

Maccabi Petah Tikva
* Israel State Cup: 2023–24
* Liga Leumit: 2022–23
# Aleksandr Dumchev

Aleksandr Andreyevich Dumchev (Russian: Александр Андреевич Думчев; born 27 October 1961) is a Soviet rower. At the 1988 Summer Olympics, he won a silver medal in the eight.
# Pir Qoli Khan Qajar

Pir Qoli Khan Qajar (Persian: پیرقلی خان قاجار) was an Iranian commander under the Qajar shahs (kings) Agha Mohammad Khan Qajar (r. 1789–1797) and Fath-Ali Shah Qajar (r. 1797–1834). During the Russo-Iranian War of 1804–1813, Pir Qoli Khan was a high-ranking commander under the crown prince Abbas Mirza and oversaw the northern part of the battleground during the siege of Erivan in 1804.
# X-Rite

X-Rite, Inc. is an American manufacturer of color measurement and management products, located in Grand Rapids, Michigan, United States.
The company also creates products that regulate quality in the processing of film and x-rays.

## History

The firm was incorporated in 1958 by seven engineers from Lear Siegler. Its first product, x-ray marking tape, was introduced in 1968 and is the basis of the company name. In 1975, it introduced its first densitometer for photographic printing use.
The firm went public in 1986, and in 1987 moved into a new headquarters and production facility in Grandville, Michigan.
By 1990, the firm shifted emphasis to the field of color measurement. In 1966 it purchased H. Miller Graphic Arts of England; in 2006 it purchased Amazys, owners of Gretag–Macbeth and thereby the Munsell products; in 2007 it acquired Pantone, Inc.
In 2012 the firm was acquired by Danaher Corporation. At the end of September 2023, Danaher spun-off its Environmental and Applied Solutions segment as Veralto Corporation.

## Subsidiaries

* Munsell Color
* Pantone, Inc.
* X-Rite AG
* X-Rite Asia Pacific Limited (Hong Kong)
* X-Rite Global, Inc.
* X-Rite GmbH (Germany)
* X-Rite Holdings, Inc.
* X-Rite International, Inc. (Barbados)
* X-Rite Ltd. (U.K.)
* X-Rite MA, Incorporated
* X-Rite Mediterranee SARL (France)
* XR Ventures LLC
# Sokółka, Masovian Voivodeship

Sokółka is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Sadowne, within Węgrów County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately 5 kilometres (3 mi) south-east of Sadowne, 26 km (16 mi) north of Węgrów, and 75 km (47 mi) north-east of Warsaw.
# Safar Naeimi

Safar Naeimi Raz (Persian: ‌‌صفر نعیمی رز; born 1959) is an Iranian politician.
Naeimi was born in Raz, Ardabil. He was a member of the 9th Islamic Consultative Assembly from the electorate of Astara. and vice chairman of Iran-Azerbaijan Friendship society. Naeimi won with 24,062 (50.33%) votes.

## Electoral history

| Year | Election | Votes | % | Rank | Notes |
| 2008 | 8th term of Parliament | 4,493 | 10.35 | 4th | Lost |
| 2012 | 9th term of Parliament | 24,062 | 48.93 | 1st | Won |
| 2016 | 10th term of Parliament | – | – | – | Disquilified |
# Krasninsky (rural locality)

Krasninsky (Russian: Кра́снинский; masculine), Krasninskaya (Кра́снинская; feminine), or Krasninskoye (Кра́снинское; neuter) is the name of several rural localities in Russia:
* Krasninsky, Chelyabinsk Oblast, a settlement in Krasninsky Selsoviet of Verkhneuralsky District of Chelyabinsk Oblast
* Krasninsky, Lipetsk Oblast, a settlement in Alexandrovsky Selsoviet of Krasninsky District of Lipetsk Oblast
* Krasninskoye, a selo in Pushkinskaya Rural Territory of Prokopyevsky District of Kemerovo Oblast
# Nijō Yoshitada

Nijō Yoshitada (二条 吉忠, 26 September 1689– 28 August 1737), son of regent Nijō Tsunahira, was a Japanese kugyō (court noble) of the Edo period. He held a regent position kampaku from 1736 to 1737. He married a daughter of the fourth head of Kaga Domain Maeda Tsunanori. Nijō Munehira was his son. Also, one of his daughters was a consort of Emperor Sakuramachi.

## Family

Parents
* Father: Nijō Tsunahira (二条 綱平, 1672–1732)
* Mother: Imperial Princess Masako (1673–1746; 栄子内親王), daughter of Emperor Reigen and Empress Takatsukasa Fusako
Consorts and issues:
* Wife: Maeda Toshiko (前田 利子), also known as Naohime (直姫, 16 November 1693 – 24 January 1749), daughter of Maeda Tsunanori
** Nijō Junko (二条淳子, 1713 – 1774) Wife of Imperial Prince Arisugawa-no-miya Yorihito (son of Emperor Reigen), first daughter
** Nijō Ieko (二条舎子, 1716 – 1790), Empress Consort of Emperor Sakuramachi, second daughter
* Concubine: a Court lady (家女房)
** Nijō Munehira (二条 宗熙, 27 December 1718 – 3 August 1738), first son
* Concubine: Lady Rinshōin (理性院)
** Ruimyoin Rikuni (瑞妙院日護尼, 1717 – 1746, Nun at Zuiryū-ji (Toyama), third daughter
** Takashi (隆遍, 1721 – 1777), Priest at Kōfuku-ji, second son
** Yūjō (祐常, 1723 – 1773), third son
** Nijō Yoshiko (二条喜子, 1728 – 1745), concubine of Nijō Munemoto (二条 宗基), fourth daughter
# Jonava Air Base

Jonava Airport also known as Rukla or Gaižiūnai Airfield (Lithuanian: Jonavos aerodromas; ICAO: EYRU) was a military airfield in Lithuania located 9 km (5.6 mi) southeast of Jonava. It was part of Rukla–Gaižiūnai military facilities. The airport featured a linear ramp with 24 parking spaces. It is no longer used as an airfield and hosts various racing events.

## Airlines and Destinations

There are currently no scheduled passenger or cargo services to/from Jonava Airport.
# Horrabad

Horrabad or Horabad (Persian: حراباد) may refer to:
* Horrabad-e Olya, Lorestan Province
* Horrabad-e Sofla, Lorestan Province
* Horrabad, Markazi
* Horrabad, Mazandaran
# Selitë, Mirditë

Selitë is a former municipality in the Lezhë County, northwestern Albania. At the 2015 local government reform it became a subdivision of the municipality Mirditë. The population at the 2023 census was 358.
The settlement holding town status is Kurbnesh. The municipal unit was once part of the Oher district, but this district was divided between Mati and Mirdita.

## Demographic history

Selitë is recorded in the Ottoman defter of 1467 as a hass-ı mir-liva property in the vilayet of Uraka. The village had a total of 16 households which were represented by the following household heads: Progon Bardhi, Petër Dajçi, Lazar Stepani, Peter Skura, Kal Gjirgj Gjika, Lika Gurbanëshi, Manko Gurbanëshi, Gjon Mirdidi, Lika Miljoti, Pal Luka, Gjon Dajçi, Peter Luka, Gjon Karusi, Lazar Gjika, Andrija Luzi, and Mati.
# The Book of Passing Shadows

Ayussinte Pusthakam (transl. The Book of Passing Shadows) (Malayalam: ആയുസ്സിന്റെ പുസ്തകം), is a well-known Indian Malayalam language novel by C. V. Balakrishnan.

## Development
### Writing

Balakrishnan began writing this novel when he moved to Calcutta in late-1970s. An old edition of the Bible at St. Paul's Cathedral in Calcutta triggered the book in him. It took him three years to complete the novel. Says the author: "All the characters and villages of Christian settlers were in my mind long before I began thinking about writing Ayussinte Pusthakam. The characters are based on people I met during my course as a school teacher in a village in Kasaragod. I wrote Ayussinte Pusthakam at a time when I was going through an emotionally difficult period; my relation with my father was strained and I was feeling very lonely. Ayussinte Pusthakam is about loneliness. The book is also about sin and sadness, written in a style and language that have been judiciously borrowed from The Bible." The protagonist in this novel is Yohannan, and the plot revolves around his ambiguities concerning sexual desire.

### Translations

Ayussinte Pusthakam has been translated into Tamil and English since its publication in 1984. Following is a list containing information about the translated works.
| Language | Title | Publisher | Publishing date | Translator | Reference |
| Tamil | உயிர்ப் புத்தகம் (Uyir Puththagam) | Kizhakku Pathippagam | 2007 | V. Krishnamurthy | |
| English | The Book of Passing Shadows | Niyogi Books | 2021 | T.M. Yesudasan | |

#### English translation

The book was translated from Malayalam into English by T.M. Yesudasan, a former associate professor and head, Department of English, CMS College Kottayam. He has contributed to journals and anthologies on literary and cultural studies including the Penguin collection, No Alphabet in Sight: New Dalit Writing from South India.

## Adaptations
### Drama

The novel was adapted into an experimental play by Suveeran. The play received Kerala Sangeeta Nataka Akademi Award of 2008, and participated in several international festivals.
# Dharmesh Singh Tomar

Dharmesh Singh Tomar (Hindi: धर्मेश सिंह तोमर) is an Indian politician from The Bharatiya Janata Party and a member of the 16th Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh of India. He represented the Dholana constituency of Uttar Pradesh from Samajwadi Party.

## Early life and education

Dharmesh Singh Tomar was born in Ghaziabad. He attended the Chaudhary Charan Singh University and attained Master of Arts & Bachelor of Education degrees.

## Political career

Dharmesh Singh Tomar has been a MLA for one term. He represented the Dholana constituency and is a member of the bhartiya janta party political party.

## Posts held

| # | From | To | Position | Comments |
| 01 | 2012 | Mar-2017 | Member, 16th Legislative Assembly | |
| # | From | To | Position | Comments |
| 02 | 2022 | present | Member, 18th Legislative Assembly | |
# Solec, Piaseczno County

Solec is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Góra Kalwaria, within Piaseczno County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately 11 kilometres (7 mi) north-west of Góra Kalwaria, 7 km (4 mi) south-east of Piaseczno, and 22 km (14 mi) south of Warsaw.
# Lerd, Semnan

Lerd (Persian: لرد) is a village in Chashm Rural District, Shahmirzad District, Mehdishahr County, Semnan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 254, in 60 families.
# Arabella, Highland

Arabella (Scottish Gaelic: Am Bog) is a village in Highland, Scotland.

## History

Named after the farm which was set aside as small holdings in 1918 for returning servicemen. The original Farm was named after the wife of Hugh Rose a wealthy land owner who made his fortune in the West Indies in the late 18th century. Arabella Phipps married Hugh Rose in 1799 in London. She lived in Scotland for 7 years and had three children. She died in mysterious circumstances in 1806.

## Landmarks

Landmarks include Listed Building Arabella House, the one-time residence of John Osler Chattock Hayes.
# Khuresh, Iran

Khuresh (Persian: خورش) may refer to:
* Khuresh, Qazvin
* Khuresh, Razavi Khorasan
# Sulfhemoglobinemia

Sulfhemoglobinemia is a rare condition in which there is excess sulfhemoglobin (SulfHb) in the blood. The pigment is a greenish derivative of hemoglobin which cannot be converted back to normal, functional hemoglobin. It causes cyanosis even at low blood levels.
It is a rare blood condition in which the β-pyrrole ring of the hemoglobin molecule has the ability to bind irreversibly to any substance containing a sulfur atom. When hydrogen sulfide (H$_2$S) (or sulfide ions) and ferrous ions combine in the heme of hemoglobin, the blood is thus incapable of transporting oxygen to the tissues.

## Presentation

Symptoms include a blueish or greenish coloration of the blood (cyanosis), skin, and mucous membranes, even though a blood count test may not show any abnormalities in the blood. This discoloration is caused by greater than 5 grams per cent of deoxyhemoglobin, or 1.5 grams per cent of methemoglobin, or 0.5 grams per cent of sulfhemoglobin, all serious medical abnormalities.

## Causes

Sulfhemoglobinemia is usually drug induced, with drugs associated with it including sulphonamides, such as sulfasalazine or sumatriptan. Another possible cause is occupational exposure to sulfur compounds.
It can also be caused by phenazopyridine.

## Treatment

The condition generally resolves itself with erythrocyte (red blood cell) turnover, although blood transfusions can be necessary in extreme cases.