OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Kurd (disambiguation)

The Kurds are an ethnic group in Western Asia.
Kurd may also refer to:

## Places

* Kord-e Olya, Iran, a village also known as Kurd
* Kord-e Sofla, Iran, a village also known as Kurd
* Kurd, Hungary, a village
* Kurd Mountains, a highland region in Syria and Turkey
* Kürd (disambiguation), several places in Azerbaijan

## Other uses

* Kūrd, a Brahui tribe of Pakistan
* Kurd (name), a given name and surname, including a list of people with this name
* Uppsala Kurd FK, a defunct Swedish football club based in Uppsala
# Ella Sergeyeva

Ella Sergeyeva (Russian: Элла Сергеева) is a retired Russian rower who won six European titles in the coxed four between 1958 and 1964.
# Gennady Raikov

Gennady Ivanovich Raikov (Russian: Генна́дий Ива́нович Райко́в; 8 August 1939 – 28 September 2023) was a Russian engineer and politician. A member of the People's Party, he served in the State Duma from 1995 to 2007.
Raikov died in Moscow on 28 September 2023, at the age of 84.

## Awards

* March 16, 2000 – Order "For Merit to the Fatherland"
* January 20, 2015 – Order of Alexander Nevsky
* December 27, 2007 – Order of Friendship
* August 6, 2009 – Russian Federation Presidential Certificate of Honour
# Vladimir Vyshpolsky

Vladimir Vyshpolsky (Russian: Владимир Владимирович Вышпольский; 28 December 1915 – 18 February 1987) was a Soviet fencer. He competed in the team sabre event at the 1952 Summer Olympics.
# Dyshekov

Dyshekov (masculine, Russian: Дышеков) or Dyshekova (feminine, Russian: Дышековa) is a Russian surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Aslan Dyshekov (born 1987), Russian footballer
* Khazret Dyshekov (born 1965), Russian footballer and coach
# Machault

Machault or de Machault may refer to:

## Communes of France

* Machault, Ardennes, Ardennes département
* Machault, Seine-et-Marne, Seine-et-Marne département

## People

* Charles-François de Machault de Belmont (1640–1709), French naval officer and governor general of the French Antilles
* Guillaume de Machaut (or de Machault) (c. 1300–1377), French poet and composer
* Jean-Baptiste de Machault d'Arnouville (1701–1794), French statesman

## Other uses

* Fort Machault, a fort built by the French in 1754 in northwest Pennsylvania
* French frigate Machault (1757), a French frigate
* 14403 de Machault, an asteroid named after the poet
# Mohamed Warsama Ragueh

Mohamed Warsama Ragueh (Somali: Maxamed Warsame Raage) is a Djiboutian lawyer and former judge. He was the president of the Constitutional Council and a candidate in the 2011 presidential election. He could only secure 19% of the vote losing to Ismail Omar Guelleh who won 80% of the votes. Djibouti's opposition coalitions boycotted the election, saying it would not be free and fair, leaving only President Guelleh and Ragueh, who had served as President of Djibouti's Constitutional Council in 2005. Ragueh complained about irregularities in the voting.
# Laglan

Laglan (Kyrgyz: Лаглан) is a village in Osh Region of Kyrgyzstan. It is part of the Kara-Suu District. Its population was 1,393 in 2021.
# Lake Kenozero

Lake Kenozero (Russian: Кенозеро) is a freshwater lake, located in the south-west of Plesetsky District of Arkhangelsk Oblast in Russia. It is one of the biggest lakes in Arkhangelsk Oblast and the biggest one in Plesetsky District. The area of the lake is 68.6 square kilometres (26.5 sq mi), and the area of its basin is 5,450 square kilometres (2,100 sq mi). Lake Kenozero is the source of the Kena, a tributary of the Onega. The lake thus belongs to the Onega basin and the White Sea basin.
The lake is located close to the border of Arkhangelsk Oblast and Republic of Karelia. It belongs to Kenozersky National Park.
The basin of Lake Kenozero covers a vast area in the western part of Plesetsky District and some minor areas of Onezhsky District. The main tributary of the lake is the Pocha, which, in turn, flows out of Lake Pochozero. The main tributary of Lake Pochozero is the Undosha. The source of the Undosha is Lake Undozero, one of the biggest lakes of the region, and a major right tributary is the Toksha.
The lake has a complex shape and in fact consists of three lakes connected by straights: Lake Kenozero proper, Lake Svinoye, and Lake Dolgoye. The shape is determined by the fact that Lake Kenozero is located in the rift of the earthcrust, in contrast to other lakes in Kenozersky National Park, all of them being of glacial origin. There are over 70 islands on Lake Kenozero.
Until the 1990s, the lake served for timber rafting. The rafts were made in the course of the Undosha and the destination was the Onega.
There are a dozen of villages at the lakeshore, the biggest of which are Vershinino and Pershlakhta. The road connects the northern shore (in particular, Ust-Pocha, Vershinino, and Pershlakhta) with Onezhsky Trakt, the road connecting Kargopol via Plesetsk to Yemetsk. The road continues north to Pochozero and upstream Toksha River to the village of Nizhneye Ustye. There is regular bus service on this road, connecting Nizhneye Ustye with the selo of Konyovo and eventually with the district center of Plesetsk. The roads at the western and southern shores are not all-seasonal and are connected to the road network in the village of Morshchikhinskaya on Lake Lyokshmozero.
The 2014 film "The Postman's White Nights" is set in Lake Kenozero.
# Demario

Demario or DeMario is an American masculine given name with several possible origins. It may be a combination of the element de and the Italian name Mario, which could be simply ornamental or mean 'son of Mario', or a variant of Damaris, which means 'dominant woman' or 'calf; heifer'. It is often found among African Americans.
Notable people with the given name include:
* Demario Beck (born 1994), American football player
* Demario Davis (born 1989), American football player
* Demario Douglas (born 2000), American football player
* DeMario Mayfield (born 1991), American-born Iraqi basketball player
* DeMario Minter (born 1984), American football player
* DeMario Pressley (born 1985), American football player
* Demario Richard (born 1996), American football player
* Demario Warren (born 1985), American football coach and player
* Moneybagg Yo (real name DeMario White; born 1991), American rapper
# Markevich-Evtushevsky House

Markevich-Evtushevsky House (Russian: Дом Маркевича-Евтушевского) is a Russian historical monument. It was constructed in the first quarter of the 19th century in Taganrog of the Rostov Oblast. It is a one-story house with five windows.

## History

The house initially belonged to the local merchant A.N. Kamburov. It was then sold to Markevich-Evtushevsky. The property was once the office of the city's mayor. The house has the initials of its owners.
After a wedding, the mayor moved to the house of the spouse, and the house was given to Markevich-Yevtushenko's daughter, Lyudmila Pavlovna. She became wife to M. E. Chekhov and the aunt to Anton Pavlovich Chekhov. Among the tenants was P. E. Chekhov's family, and in this house, Ivan Chekhov was born. Years later, Anton Chekhov communicated with Markevich-Evtushevskimi. Chekhov's family lived in this house in 1861–2. In 1992 it became protected by the state as a monument.
# Smyslov

Smyslov (masculine, Russian: Смыслов) or Smyslova (feminine, Russian: Смыслова) is a Russian surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Vasily Osipovich Smyslov (1881–1943), Russian chess master and the father of Vasily Vasilievich Smyslov
* Vasily Vasilyevich Smyslov (1921–2010), Soviet Russian chess grandmaster and World Chess Champion (1957–1958)
* Anton Smyslov (born 1979), Russian footballer
# Chagrin

Chagrin may refer to:
* Shagreen or chagrin, a type of rawhide consisting of rough untanned skin
* Chagrin (surname), a Hebrew-language surname
* Chagrin River, a tributary of Lake Erie
# William Andrew Sutherland

William Andrew Sutherland (May 30, 1849 – March 11, 1908) was an American lawyer and politician from New York.

## Life

Sutherland was born on May 30, 1849, in Hopewell, New York. He was the son of Rev. Andrew Sutherland and Mary McLean. He attended the Genesee Wesleyan Seminary and Genesee College in Lima, New York. He was a member of the Psi Upsilon fraternity.
After finishing school, Sutherland read law in the office of future New York Supreme Court Justice Edwin A. Nash. He was admitted to practice in 1874. He practiced in Lima until 1876, when he moved to Mount Morris. He served as Clerk of the Livingston County Board of Supervisors in 1876, 1878, and 1879. He moved to Rochester in 1884.
In the 1891 New York state election, Sutherland was the Republican candidate for Attorney General of New York, but he lost the election to Simon W. Rosendale. He was a member of the Republican National Committee from 1892 to 1896. He was a delegate to the 1896 Republican National Convention.
Sutherland was an associate counsel for the Lexow Committee in 1894, a New York State Senate probe tasked with investigating police corruption . He was president of the Rochester Bar Association and corporation counsel for Rochester. He was also a director of the Central Bank of Rochester.
Sutherland became a freemason in 1870 in Union Lodge 45 in Lima, NY. Later he joined the Scottish Rite, Royal Arch Masonry, the Order of the Eastern Star, and the Knights Templar. In 1897, he was elected Grand Master of the Grand Lodge of New York.
He married Inez L. Jackson in 1878. They had one son, Carroll Arthur. After Inez died in 1905, Sutherland married Clara E. Bowen.
Sutherland was a Methodist until 1905, at which point he became a Presbyterian. Three years later on March 11, 1908, he died in Rochester City Hospital, just a few weeks after he was appointed counsel for the New York Public Service Commission's Second District. He had suffered from a nervous breakdown. His grave is at Creekside Cemetery in Churchville.

## Notable Relatives

One of Sutherland's brothers was New York Supreme Court Justice Arthur E. Sutherland. Harvard Law School professor Arthur E. Sutherland, Jr., was his nephew. One of his father's brothers, Fletcher Sutherland was famous as an entrepreneur and the father of the Seven Sutherland Sisters.

## Publications

A collection of Sutherland's speeches in the Masonic order was published by the Masons in 1899, Addresses, M W William A Sutherland, Grand Master of Masons in the State of New York, 1897-1899.
# Sergei Timofeyev (footballer, born 1981)

Sergei Vladimirovich Timofeyev (Russian: Сергей Владимирович Тимофеев; born 26 June 1981 in Volgograd) is a former Russian football player.
# Plus construction

In mathematics, the plus construction is a method for simplifying the fundamental group of a space without changing its homology and cohomology groups.
Explicitly, if $X$ is a based connected CW complex and $P$ is a perfect normal subgroup of $\pi _{1}(X)$ then a map $f\colon X\to Y$ is called a +-construction relative to $P$ if $f$ induces an isomorphism on homology, and $P$ is the kernel of $\pi _{1}(X)\to \pi _{1}(Y)$.
The plus construction was introduced by Michel Kervaire (1969), and was used by Daniel Quillen to define algebraic K-theory. Given a perfect normal subgroup of the fundamental group of a connected CW complex $X$, attach two-cells along loops in $X$ whose images in the fundamental group generate the subgroup. This operation generally changes the homology of the space, but these changes can be reversed by the addition of three-cells.
The most common application of the plus construction is in algebraic K-theory. If $R$ is a unital ring, we denote by $\operatorname {GL} _{n}(R)$ the group of invertible $n$-by-$n$ matrices with elements in $R$. $\operatorname {GL} _{n}(R)$ embeds in $\operatorname {GL} _{n+1}(R)$ by attaching a $1$ along the diagonal and $0$s elsewhere. The direct limit of these groups via these maps is denoted $\operatorname {GL} (R)$ and its classifying space is denoted $B\operatorname {GL} (R)$. The plus construction may then be applied to the perfect normal subgroup $E(R)$ of $\operatorname {GL} (R)=\pi _{1}(B\operatorname {GL} (R))$, generated by matrices which only differ from the identity matrix in one off-diagonal entry. For $n>0$, the $n$-th homotopy group of the resulting space, $B\operatorname {GL} (R)^{+}$, is isomorphic to the $n$-th $K$-group of $R$, that is,
    $\pi _{n}\left(B\operatorname {GL} (R)^{+}\right)\cong K_{n}(R).$
# Pegah Ahangarani

Pegah Ahangarani (Persian: پگاه آهنگرانی; born 24 July 1984) is an Iranian actress and director. She has received various accolades, including a Crystal Simorgh, a Hafez Award and an Iran's Film Critics and Writers Association Award.
Pegah Ahangarani left her studies in music after attending an art conservatory and focused on acting. She has also gained experience in directing, producing, and documentary filmmaking.
Pegah first appeared on screen in 1990 at the age of six in the film The Singing Cat. She rose to fame at 15 with her performance in the film The Girl with Sneakers, directed by Rasoul Sadrameli.

## Personal Life and Family

After emigrating from Iran, Pegah Ahangarani settled in Germany, where she later married Ali Azimi, an Iranian singer and composer.

## Filmography

* The Singing Cat (1990 – Directed by Kambuzia Partovi)
* The Girl in the Sneakers (1999 – Directed by Rasul Sadr Ameli)
* Women's Prison (2002 – Directed by Manijeh Hekmat)
* Our Days (2002 – Directed by Rakhshan Bani-Etemad)
* Maxx (2005 – Directed by Saman Moghadam)
* Sweet Jam (2006 – Directed by Arezoo Petrossian)
* Three Women (2008 – Directed by Manijeh Hekmat)
* Shirin (2008 – Directed by Abbas Kiarostami)
* Maritime silk road (2010 – Directed by Mohammad Bozorgnia)
* No Men Allowed (2011 – Directed by Rambod Javan)
* Trapped (2013 – Directed by Parviz Shahbazi)
* Atom Heart Mother (2013 – Directed by Ali Ahmadzadeh)
* A Persian Melody (2015 - Directed by Hamid Reza Ghotbi)
* Bandar Band (2020)

## Awards and nominations

* Best Actress Award, for The Girl in Sneakers, 23rd Cairo International Film Festival, Egypt, December 1999
* Best Performance Award, for The Girl in Sneakers, Dokhtari ba Kafshhaye Katani (original title), 14th Isfahan International Film and Video Festival for Children and Young Adults, Iran, October 1999
* Best Actress Award, for Women’s Prison, "Zendan-e zanan" (original title), a movie that is directed by her mother wherein Pegah played three different roles, Locarno Film Festival
* Best Supporting Actress for Trapped, 31st International Fajr Film Festival 2013

## Arrests

Ahangarani was arrested on 27 July 2009 in the wake of the turmoil after the 2009 presidential election, allegedly for her work in support of opposition candidate Mir-Hossein Mousavi. She was later released but arrested again on 10 July 2011 prior to her planned trip to Germany to report on the 2011 FIFA Women's World Cup for the Persian service of the German broadcaster Deutsche Welle. She was released from Evin Prison two weeks later on the equivalent of $84,000 bail after expressions of "outrage among foreign governments and human rights organizations".
# Linguère Airport

Linguère Airport (ICAO: GOOG) is an airport serving the city of Linguère in Senegal.
# Bavel (commune)

Bavel (Khmer: ឃុំបវេល) is a khum (commune) of Bavel District in Battambang Province in north-western Cambodia.

## Villages

* Bavel Muoy
* Bavel Pir
* Tumnob Tuek
* Dach Proat
* Sangkae Vear
* Peam
* Kampong Pnov
* Stueng Dach
* Spean Dach
* Sang Reang
* Svay Chrum
* Doun Avav
* Prey Totueng Muoy
* Prey Totueng Pir
* Kouk
* Sla Khlanh
* Kampong Chhnang Muoy
* Kampong Chhnang Pir
* Samaki
# Vanoise National Park

Vanoise National Park (French: Parc national de la Vanoise) is a French national park between the Tarentaise and Maurienne valleys in the French Alps, containing the Vanoise massif. It was created in 1963 as the first national park in France.
Vanoise National Park is in the département of Savoie. Small villages like Champagny-le-Haut, Termignon, La Chiserette, Bramans, Sollières-Sardières, Friburge, Pralognan-la-Vanoise and Séez, lie near the park. The park is bordered by several large French ski resorts (Les Trois Vallées, Tignes, Val-d'Isère, Les Arcs, La Plagne).
On the Italian side of the border, the park is continued by Gran Paradiso National Park. Together, these two parks cover over 1250 km$^2$, making the area the largest alpine national park.

## Wildlife

The park is well known for its population of Alpine ibex (Capra ibex), bouquetin in French, which is its emblem. The alpine chamois, like the ibex, spend most of the year above the tree line. They descend the snow line from late fall to early spring to enjoy the grass not covered by the ice and snow. Alpine marmot, wolf, Eurasian lynx, mountain hare, Eurasian badger, ermine and weasel are the other mammals commonly present in Vanoise.
There are more than 100 bird species in the protected area. Birds of prey include bearded vulture, golden eagle and Eurasian eagle-owl. Other birds found in the park are black woodpeckers, rock ptarmigans, Alpine accentors, nutcrackers, choughs and black grouses. The wallcreeper is found on steep cliffs especially for nesting.
* Ibex on rocky ridgeline
* Marmot
# House of Delegates (South Africa)

The House of Delegates (Afrikaans: Raad van Afgevaardigdes) was a body in the Tricameral Parliament of South Africa which existed from 1984 to 1994. It was reserved for Indian South Africans. The body was elected twice; in 1984 and 1989. It was the second time in South Africa's history that Indians had ever had any sort of representation at the national level, the first being the South African Indian Council. It was originally to be called the Chamber of Deputies.
The first debating chamber of the House of Delegates was located in Marks Building, a building that was located across the road from Houses of Parliament, Cape Town. Upon its completion in 1987, the house was moved to a debating chamber on the floor above the new chamber designed for joint-sittings of the Tricameral Parliament. The executive arm of the House of Delegates was a Ministers' Council, led by a Chairman. The civil service that dealt with Indian "own affairs" (including education, health and welfare, local government, housing and agriculture) was called Administration: House of Delegates, and was based in Durban.

## Elections

Electoral turnouts for elections to the House of Delegates were poor.
Election results:
| Election | Date | Total seats | National People's Party | Solidarity | Others | Indep. |
| 1984 election | 28 August 1984 | 40 | 18 | 17 | 1 | 4 |
| 1989 election | 6 September 1989 | 40 | 8 | 16 | 10 | 6 |

## Leadership

The following served as Chairman of the Minister's Council of the House of Delegates:
* Amichand Rajbansi (September 1984 – 31 December 1988)
* Kassipershad Ramduth (1 January – 21 March 1989, acting)
* Jayaram Narainsamy Reddy (21 March 1989 – February 1993)
* Bhadra Ranchod (February 1993 – March 1994)
# Raushiq

Raushiq (Albanian: Raushiq, Serbian Cyrillic: Раушић/Raušić) is a village in the city of Peja, Kosovo.
# Brkini Hills

The Brkini Hills (pronounced; Slovene: Brkini; Croatian: Brkinija) is a hilly region in southwestern Slovenia.

## Geography

The Brkini Hills border the Reka River in the north, the Materija Valley (Matarsko podolje) in the southwest, the Karst Plateau (Kras) in the northwest, and the Jelšane Valley (Jelšansko podolje) in the southeast. The Brkini region is divided among the municipalities of Hrpelje-Kozina, Pivka, Ilirska Bistrica, and Divača. The region is 25 km (16 mi) long and 7 km (4.3 mi) wide and covers an area of 180 km$^2$ (69 sq mi). The central part of the region has an elevation of 700 to 800 m (2,300 to 2,600 ft). The center of the region is the village of Pregarje. The climate is mild, and the geological basis is flyschy, with smaller limestone areas in the northeast. The region serves as a link between the Mediterranean and the continental part of Slovenia.

## Name

The name Brkini is believed to be of Italian origin because of the suffixation pattern. This indicates that the root of the name (brk-) may be derived from northern Italian bricco, bricca '(steep) slope'. Derivation from the Slavic noun brdo 'hill' is doubtful.

## Economy

The Brkini Hills are an economically underdeveloped region, with the main economic activity being fruit farming, in particular plums. Many people from the Brkini Hills commute to work to the nearby centers of Ilirska Bistrica, Podgrad, Hrpelje, and Kozina. During World War II, over one-third of the villages in the Brkini Hills were burned by Italian and German forces due to Partisan activity in the area, which significantly affected the development of the region. The population density is low, with people still leaving.
# Garvald, Scottish Borders

55°45′06″N 3°01′42″W﻿ / ﻿55.75167°N 3.02833°W﻿ / 55.75167; -3.02833
Garvald (Scots: Garvit) is a hamlet on the B7007, near Dewar, by the Dewar Burn, in the Moorfoot Hills, in the Scottish Borders area of Scotland, in the former Peeblesshire.
Places nearby include Borthwick Hall, Heriot, the Leithen Water, Peatrig Hill, and Peebles.
# Dhowa rock temple

Dhowa Rock Temple or Dowa Raja Maha Viharaya (Sinhala: දෝව රජ මහා විහාරය) is a heritage listed rock temple in Sri Lanka, located in the central mountains of the Uva Province. It is adjacent to Dhowa, a small village situated on the Badulla-Bandarawela main road (approximately 7.5 km (4.7 mi) north of Bandarawela). The temple is 210 km (130 mi) east of Colombo and 120 km (75 mi) south of Kandy.

## History

The temple is believed to have been constructed by King Valagamba in the first century BC and is one of many temples built by the king while taking refuge in Uva Province after an army from South India invaded the Anuradhapura Kingdom. The temple dates back over 2000 years.
On 1 November 1996 was formally recognised by the government as an archaeological protected monument. The designation was declared under the government Gazette number 948.

## Attractions

The temple is famous for its large 12 m (38 ft) high unfinished Buddha image, which is carved into the vertical granite rockface. The image is an example of Mahayana sculpture.

### Paintings

The image house, which is located inside the cave contains numerous colourful murals and painting of Buddha. The entrance to the image house is flanked by two guardian statues, one with an elephant in its mouth and the other with a bull in its mouth. They are reported to be, two Rakshasa leaders, Watuka and Kuvera.