OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# European Values (think tank)

European Values (Czech: Evropské hodnoty) is a Czech non-governmental organisation founded in 2005 and financed from some governments. Often self-styled as the European Values Center for Security Policy, its incentive is to raise political culture in the Czech Republic as well as on the European level. It defines European values as personal freedom, human dignity, solidarity, active civil society, market economy, democracy and rule of law. The organization promotes closer ties of the Czech Republic with the geopolitical West and fighting what it considers extremist ideologies.

## Activities

The European Values organizes public and non-public debates, lectures, seminars and conferences. Among these are "Public debates on disinformation", the HOMEAFFAIRS – Internal Security Forum Prague and Stratcom Summit, which is marketed as informing about "Russian disinformation operations".
Its analyses, policy papers and opinion articles published in newspapers or online share a similar thematic focus. A major program of the think tank is Kremlin Watch, which "aims to expose and confront instruments of Russian influence and disinformation operations focused against Western democracies". Under this program, it awards the "Putin's Champion Award" to European politicians and other public figures the think tank perceives as supporting the current government of Russia. In October 2017 the organization released a report titled "The Kremlin's Platform for 'Useful Idiots' in the West: An Overview of RT's Editorial Strategy and Evidence of Impact", including a list of 2326 persons of public significance primarily in the West who have appeared as guests on RT.
Jakub Janda, Deputy Director of the European Values, has accused the Czech president Miloš Zeman of being a "Russian Trojan Horse".

## European Values Initiative

In April 2015, the European Values Initiative was introduced as a movement aimed at strengthening the principles of liberal democracy in Europe via series of debates. The Initiative was backed by various Czech political figures, such as Petr Kolář, Libor Rouček and Štefan Füle.

## Financing

The organisation is not linked to any political party. It is sponsored by various institutions and private donors. Some of the donors are International Visegrad Fund (Dutch government), Foreign & Commonwealth Office, British Embassy Prague, U.S. Embassy in The Czech Republic, Representation of European Commission in the Czech Republic, Embassy of the State of Israel, Embassy of Ukraine in Prague, Netherlands embassy in Prague. All financial data can be viewed on a transparent bank account.
# Théo Raymond

Théo Raymond (born 29 September 1991) is a retired French association footballer. He plays as a midfielder.

## Career

At youth level, Raymond played for Toulouse FC B, the reserve team. In 2011, he was signed by S.League club Étoile FC for the 2011 S.League season, and made his debut in the 2 round, 0-0 game against Balestier Khalsa FC. In January 2014, he joined La Tamponnaise. He left the club in the summer 2014 when the club filed for bankruptcy.
In February 2016, Raymond joined French club AS Muret. In 2018 he stopped playing football and instead started playing rugby.
# Nikita Vorona

Nikita Leonidovich Vorona (Russian: Никита Леонидович Ворона; born 8 July 1995) is a Russian football player.

## Club career

He made his debut in the Russian Second Division for FC Akademiya Tolyatti on 24 August 2012 in a game against FC Volga Ulyanovsk.
# Odžalija

Odžalija (Macedonian: Оџалија) is a village in the municipality of Karbinci, North Macedonia.

## Demographics

As of the 2021 census, Odžalija had 72 residents with the following ethnic composition:
* Turks 62
* Persons for whom data are taken from administrative sources 10
According to the 2002 census, the village had a total of 109 inhabitants. Ethnic groups in the village include:
* Turks 101
* Others 8
# Jans

Jans (French pronunciation: ; Gallo: Jantz, Breton: Hentieg) is a commune in the Loire-Atlantique department in western France.
# Nikolai Sablin

Nikolai Alekseyevich Sablin (Russian: Никола́й Алексе́евич Са́блин), the son of a petty landowner, was born in 1849 or 1850 (sources vary). While at Moscow University he became involved in revolutionary politics as a member of the Narodnaya Volya or People's Will.
Sablin went to Zurich in 1874 but returned to Russia the following year. He was arrested in March, 1875, but was not tried until January, 1878. He was found guilty but was soon released because of the long time he had been awaiting trial.
A member of People's Will, Sabin joined the plot to kill Alexander II. Others involved included Sophia Perovskaya, Andrei Zhelyabov, Hesya Helfman, Ignaty Grinevitsky, Nikolai Kibalchich, Nikolai Rysakov, and Timofei Mikhailov.
On 15 March 1881, two days after Alexander II was assassinated, police raided the conspiratorial flat, where Sablin and Hesya Helfman were living as an unsuspicious apparent married couple. Sablin shot himself in the head with a revolver before he could be arrested.
# Rudbar, Golestan

Rudbar (Persian: رودبار, also Romanized as Rūdbār) is a village in Cheshmeh Saran Rural District, Cheshmeh Saran District, Azadshahr County, Golestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 532, in 165 families.
# Gurab-e Olya, Sirvan

Gurab-e Olya (Persian: گورابعليا, also Romanized as Gūrāb-e ‘Olyā and Gūrab-e ‘Olyā) is a village in Lumar Rural District, Central District, Sirvan County, Ilam Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 154, in 30 families. The village is populated by Kurds.
# Dutch Fort

The Dutch Fort is a fort on Pangkor Island, Manjung District, Perak, Malaysia. The ruins are the remnants of an outpost of Dutch from their attempts to control trade in the Malay Peninsula. In the Malay language, the fort is called Kota Belanda. The Dutch called it Fort Dindingh, after the Dinding River, on the mainland of Perak.
The fort was built by the Dutch in 1670 for storage and protection of tin supplies from the Sultanate of Perak. It was destroyed in 1690 by the Malays who were discontent with the methods used by the Dutch in obtaining minerals. It was rebuilt by the Dutch in 1743, and a force of 60 soldiers was placed to guard the fort until 1748, when the force was disbanded and abandoned.
The fort was reconstructed by Malaysia's museum department in 1973 and was gazetted as an ancient monument and historical site under the Antiquities Act 1976 No. 242 Perak Gazette dated 21 March 1978. According to this act, any person found guilty of vandalising an ancient monument and historical site is liable to imprisonment not exceeding three months or a fine not exceeding five hundred Malaysian ringgit or to both.
It is set a short distance from the ocean and consists of three brick walls with round windows at regular intervals. A small park and some souvenir stores have been set up around the area for visitors, and it is a popular tourist sight on the island today.
# Nurettin Uzunoğlu

Nurettin Uzunoğlu (1939 – 9 October 2013) was a Turkish Qur'an translator and commentator, writer, missionary, political scientist, academic, and professor who worked as a lecturer at various universities in the United States and has the title of "Turkey's second youngest professor" at the age of 27. He spoke nine foreign languages, including English, German, French, Arabic, Japanese, Urdu, and Malay; and became fluent in English at a young age.

## Education

He completed his secondary and high school education in Kütahya, Uşak and Manisa. After graduating from the Department of International Relations and Political Science from Ankara University, he received his bachelor's degree from Northwest University in the United States and his master's degree from the University of Nebraska. He completed his doctorate on political science with the joint doctoral program between the USA and Ankara University.
He worked as a lecturer at the University of Nebraska, Bellevue University and Middle East Technical University. He stayed in the USA for many years and served as a visiting professor in many countries around the world, from the Middle East to Malaysia, Philippines, Japan, Hawaii, USA, Canada, Scandinavia, Egypt, Jordan, Saudi Arabia, Palestine and Libya. He gave trainings in Pakistan, India, Bangladesh, and Sri Lanka. He participated in external education programs at Ankara University, and devoted himself to being the most traveling scholar after Evliya Çelebi and Ibn Battuta.

## Works

During his 46-year career, he has authored 34 books on various subjects, mostly in English, including the following:
* American Aid to Turkey, 1947–1963.
* History of the Prophets.
* Islamic Law: Based on Hanafi, Shafee, Maliki, Hanbeli: Four Schools of Thought.
* The Concept of God in Islam & The 99 Attributes of God Sharh-ul Asma'ul-Husna in English.
* Judaism, Christianity & Islam: A Comparative Study of Three Divine Religions.
* The Majestic Quran: An English Rendition of Its Meanings.
* The Holy Qur'an: Translation and Commentaries.
Uzunoğlu sent the translation of the Qur'an into English to 47 heads of state around the world, including Barack Obama, Silvio Berlusconi, Angela Merkel and Vladimir Putin, and personally gifted the translation to Hillary Clinton when she was the US Secretary of State. He also has authored the world's first and only English Qur'an translation written in Braille alphabet consisting of 8 volumes and 2 thousand pages for the visually impaired.

## Death

He died in Istanbul on October 9, 2013, and was buried in the Eyüp Cemetery after the funeral prayer performed in Fatih Mosque.
# Lay Armachiho

Lay Armachiho (Amharic: ላይ አርማጭሆ, romanized: lāy ārmāčihō, lit. 'Upper Armachiho') is a woreda in Amhara Region, Ethiopia. This woreda is named after "Armachiho", a province in northwestern Ethiopia along the border with Sudan and south of the Tekezé River. Part of the Semien Gondar Zone, Lay Armachiho is bordered on the south by Dembiya, on the west by Chilga, on the north by Tach Armachiho, on the east by Wegera, and on the southeast by Gondar Zuria. The administrative center of this woreda is Tekle Dingay.
Lay Armachiho was selected by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development as an area for voluntary resettlement for farmers from overpopulated areas in the fourth round of resettlement program. Along with Qwara and Dangila in the Amhara Region, and Tsegede in the Tigray Region, this woreda became the new home for 8,671 families. This round of resettlement was reportedly accompanied with almost 68 million Birr in infrastructure development.

## Demographics

Based on the 2007 national census conducted by the Central Statistical Agency of Ethiopia (CSA), this woreda has a total population of 157,836, an increase of 34.36% over the 1994 census, of whom 79,538 are men and 78,298 women; 12,546 or 7.95% are urban inhabitants. With an area of 1,059.33 square kilometers, Lay Armachiho has a population density of 149.00, which is greater than the Zone average of 63.76 persons per square kilometer. A total of 33,373 households were counted in this woreda, resulting in an average of 4.73 persons to a household, and 32,420 housing units. The majority of the inhabitants practiced Ethiopian Orthodox Christianity, with 97.9% reporting that as their religion, while 2% of the population said they were Muslim. The Qemant, one of the Agaw people, are the largest ethnic group living in this woreda, and are concentrated around the town of Tekle Dingay. The head priest in Tekle Dingay has more prestige than his counterpart in Chilga woreda, because he rules their traditional homeland.
The 1994 national census reported a total population for this woreda of 117,471 in 21,411 households, of whom 58,697 were men and 58,774 women; 4,784 or 4.07% of its population were urban dwellers at the time. The two largest ethnic groups reported in Lay Armachiho were the Qemant (63.89%), and the Amhara (35.76%); all other ethnic groups made up 0.35% of the population. Amharic was spoken as a first language by 99.73%; the remaining 0.27% spoke all other primary languages reported. The majority of the inhabitants practiced Ethiopian Orthodox Christianity, with 97.1% reporting that belief, while 2.72% of the population said they were Muslim.
# Chimney Museum

The Chimney Museum (Malay: Muzium Chimney) is a museum in Kubong, Labuan, Malaysia. The museum details the history of Kubong when coal mining was at its peak under the administration of the British North Borneo Chartered Company.

## History

The area around the museum used to be a major coal mining site during the British North Borneo administration from 1847 until 1911. During archaeological digging work was done in 1997, archaeologists found 12 layers of bricks beneath the chimney. Also in the same year, soil work was carried out to stabilise and reinforce the structure of the chimney and also restoration to its original structure. The museum was officially opened in 2002. The museum has received the International Green Apple Awards for Environmental Best Practice and Sustainable Development 2013 awards for its historical architecture style.

## Architecture

The museum also features a chimney tower which is a remaining from the previous coal mining activities in the area. Built in the early 1900s, the chimney is a rectangular-shape structure with 32 metres in height. It is fully built by red bricks counted up to 23,000 pieces which were imported from the United Kingdom. It has a British architectural style. There is a hole and two arch-shaped doors facing west and south inside the chimney. The real function of the chimney has not been fully determined up until today. Although there is a suggestion that it might have functioned as an observation deck, from which information about incoming ships could be broadcast to Victoria Harbour and Labuan town using an optical telegraph system known as semaphore.

## Exhibition

The museum consists of seven galleries and one discovery room, including history of coal mining around the world, coal mining location around Malaysia, process and methods in coal mining, coal specimen, mining tools etc.

## Opening time

The museum opens everyday from 8:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. free of charge.
# Shigeto Tsuru

Shigeto Tsuru (都留 重人, Tsuru Shigeto, March 6, 1912 – February 5, 2006) was a Japanese economist. He was widely honored for his scholarship, including the Presidency of the International Economic Association.

## Early life

He was born in 1912, in Nagoya, Japan to Iyo Shida and Nobuo Tsuru, an industrial Engineer. He also had 3 sisters, Keiko, Sumiko and Hisako. While being a student at the Eighth Higer School (now part of Nagoya University), he became politically involved in 1929–30, as a student leader in the "Anti-Imperialist Leagues", activities against the Japanese military then in the early stages of aggression towards China. He was imprisoned for several months. Expelled from the higher school and found himself unable to gain admission to imperial universities, he went to the US for tertiary education. He first matriculated at Lawrence College in Appleton, Wisconsin, then transferred to Harvard University, where he also completed a master's degree later. He earned his PhD from the same institution in 1940. He later served as chancellor of Hitotsubashi University.
# Hutiaoxia Town

Hutiaoxia Town (simplified Chinese: 虎跳峡镇; traditional Chinese: 虎跳峽鎮; pinyin: Hǔtiào Xiá Zhèn; lit. 'Tiger Leaping Gorge Town'), formerly Qiaotou (桥头 Qiáotóu; lit. "Bridgehead"), is a small town located on the Yangtze River in Shangri-La County (formerly Zhongdian County) adjacent to Lijiang City, Yunnan Province, China. Hutiaoxia is the south end of the famous Tiger Leaping Gorge hiking route, the other end of which is Daju in Lijiang. There are several buses to Shangri-La County which pass through Hutiaoxia.
# Andrei Fedin

Andrei Dmitriyevich Fedin (Russian: Андрей Дмитриевич Федин; born 28 September 1970) is a Russian former professional footballer.

## Club career

He made his professional debut in the Soviet Top League in 1988 for FC Lokomotiv Moscow. He played 1 game for FC Torpedo Moscow in the USSR Federation Cup.

## Honours

* Soviet Cup finalist: 1990.
# Crown, Inverness

Crown (from the Scottish Gaelic: Crùn) is an area situated beside the city centre of Inverness, the capital city of the Scottish Highlands. In general, the area's housing dates back to the Victorian or Edwardian era.
# Qayrat Umbetov

Qayrat Umbetov (Kazakh: Қайрат Жарылқасынұлы Үмбетов, born in Chirchiq, Tashkent Region on September 10, 1977) is a Kazakhstani career officer, People's Hero of Kazakhstan, Deputy Commander-in-Chief of the National Guard for Morale, Welfare and Rights Advocacy.

## Education

Chirchiq Higher Tank Command and Engineering School, specialty – Tactical Command of Engineering Services (1994-1998);
National University of Defense, specialty – Management of Combined Arms and Formations (2007-2009);
National University of Defense named after Elbasy, the first President of the Republic of Kazakhstan, specialty – Strategic Management in Military Science (2018).

## Biography

Qayrat Umbetov was born to a family of a military man in the town of Chirchiq, Tashkent Region (Uzbek SSR) on September 10, 1977. His father Zharylkasyn served in the internal troops of the USSR and then in formations of the Ministry of the Interior. In 1994 Qayrat decided to follow in his father's footsteps and applied to the Command and Tactics Dept. of Chirchiq Higher Tank Command and Engineering School. After graduating from the School, he rose through the ranks from commander of the anti-tank platoon of the 1st parachute Brigade to commander of a maneuver group in the Republic of Uzbekistan.
In 2001, Qayrat's family of origin moved to Kazakhstan, where he continued to serve in internal troops. Qayrat started his military career in Kazakhstan as a company commander, then came to the helm of a battalion HQ and 2 years later became a battalion commander.
Having proved himself as a professional, he continued to serve in various positions from commander to chief of staff in the internal troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs (National Guard of Kazakhstan) in the cities of Pavlodar, Ust’-Kamenogorsk, Karaganda.
On April 7, 2016, while conducting combat exercises, Colonel Umbetov suffered multiple shrapnel wounds while covering with his body a young soldier who had ineptly thrown a live grenade.
For the courage and selflessness shown, he was awarded the title of Halyk Qaharmany by a presidential decree along with a sign of special distinction – the Gold Star and the Order of Otan. On May 31, 2022, Qayrat Umbetov was appointed Deputy Commander-in-Chief of the National Guard for Morale, Welfare and Rights Advocacy.
On May 5, 2023, he was granted the rank of Major General by the decree of Kassym-Jomart Tokayev, President of Kazakhstan.
# Zari, Iran

Zari (Persian: زاري, also Romanized as Zārī) is a village in Daman Kuh Rural District, in the Central District of Esfarayen County, North Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 285, in 61 families. The language of the people of this village is Kurdish Kurmanji. Kalimullah Tavahodi in his book Esfarayen yesterday and today (1996) considers the people of this village to be from the Pahlavanlu tribe and the great Zafranlu tribe. The Pahlavanlus lived north of Quchan in the Durbadam region. They migrated to the mountains between Shirvan and Esfarayen on the 20th of Shawwal 1318 AH and sold their summer residence to the Sevkanlu tribe in O Oghaz and then dispersed. Some came to the southern foothills of the Saluk Mountains and settled next to the village of Tuy and formed the village of Zari.
# José Alves Ferreira

José Alves Ferreira (born 1891) was a Portuguese politician, and interim governor of Portuguese India (Índia Portuguesa), in 1948. He was also a member of the court of appeals in Goa in 1948.
# Šiauliai County

Šiauliai County (Lithuanian: Šiaulių apskritis) is one of ten counties in Lithuania. It is in the north of the country, and its capital is Šiauliai. On 1 July 2010, the county administration was abolished, and since that date, Šiauliai County remains as the territorial and statistical unit. It borders Latvia.

## History

Formation of administrative regions in Lithuania started in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in the Middle Ages, with the bulk of the territory of the current Šiauliai County forming part of the Duchy of Samogitia, itself divided into tracts.
In October 1795, Catherine II of Russia granted Šiauliai the city rights and the privilege to become the capital town of the region. Administrative division of Russian Empire remained unchanged up to the end of World War I. When the war came to its end, in 1918 Lithuania was restored as an independent state.
On December 17, 1918, a circular No.1 was issued "On Municipalities in Lithuania" that declared that the entire area of Lithuania would be divided into the regions - apskritys (county sometimes translated into English as a provinces or counties). There were ten apskritys in Lithuania.
In 1937, Siauliai county's overall territory was 6042 km$^2$ and 210 thousands people lived there. It was the largest apskritis in Lithuania.
In 1940, the Soviet Union occupied Lithuania and reformed the administrative system. The county system remained until 1950 when the counties were abolished and entire area was divided into smaller units - districts, or rajonas in Lithuanian.
Only in 1994 - four years after the restoration of Lithuania's independence in 1990 - the apskritys were created again. However, the interwar apskritys should not be mixed with current apskritys, as their purpose, sizes, and number are all different, see administrative division of Lithuania. The entire area of Lithuania is currently divided into ten larger units - apskritys and smaller districts, consisting of urban and rural elderships.

## Municipalities

The County encompasses municipalities of:
* Akmenė District Municipality
* Joniškis District Municipality
* Kelmė District Municipality
* Pakruojis District Municipality
* Radviliškis District Municipality
* Šiauliai City Municipality
* Šiauliai District Municipality

## Cities

* Šiauliai
* Radviliškis
* Kuršėnai
* Joniškis
* Naujoji Akmenė
* Kelmė
* Pakruojis
* Šeduva
* Akmenė
* Venta
* Tytuvėnai
* Žagarė
* Linkuva
* Užventis

## Gallery

* Baisogala Manor
* Tytuvėnai Monastery
* Kelmė Manor
* Church of the Immaculate Conception in Kražiai
* Hill of Crosses
# Gustavo Hebling

Gustavo Hebling de Aguiar (born 5 April 1996) is a Brazilian professional footballer who plays as a midfielder.

## Career

On 4 August 2023, Hebling signed a contract with Romanian side Botoșani.
# Elena Shtaerman

Elena Mikhailovna Shtaerman (28 September 1914, in St. Petersburg – 22 October 1991, in Moscow) was a prominent Soviet scholar of Roman history and translator of ancient authors (Julius Paulus, Dionysius Cato, Publilius Syrus). She received the State Prize of the USSR.
Shtaerman studied under Nikolai Mashkin in Moscow, where she received her doctorate in 1942 and habilitation in 1956. From 1950, she was an academic assistant in the ancient history section of the Historical Institute of the USSR Academy of Sciences.

## Major works

* "Кризис рабовладельческого строя в западных провинциях Римской империи" ("The Crisis of Slavery in the Western Provinces of the Roman Empire", 1957)
* "Мораль и религия угнетенных классов Римской империи" ("Morality and Religion of the Oppressed Classes of the Roman Empire", 1961)
* "Расцвет рабовладельческих отношений в Римской республике" ("The Heyday of the Slave Relations in the Roman Republic", 1964)
* "Рабовладельческие отношения в ранней Римской империи" ("Slave Relationships in the Early Roman Empire", 1971)
* "Кризис античной культуры" ("The Crisis of Ancient Culture", 1975)
* "Древний Рим. Проблемы экономического развития" ("Ancient Rome. Issues of Economic Development", 1978)
* "Социальные основы религии Древнего Рима" ("Social Basis of the Religion of Ancient Rome", 1987).