OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Capital punishment in Kazakhstan

Capital punishment in Kazakhstan was abolished for all crimes in 2021. Until 2021, it had been abolished for ordinary crimes but was still permitted for crimes occurring in special circumstances (such as war crimes). The legal method of execution in Kazakhstan had been shooting, specifically a single shot to the back of the head.
The last known executions in Kazakhstan took place in 2003, when 17 men were executed by shooting between May and November. On 17 December 2003, President Nursultan Nazarbayev introduced a moratorium on executions, and later commuted the death sentences of some 40 inmates to life in prison. In 2007, Kazakhstan amended its Constitution, abolishing the death penalty for all crimes except terrorist acts that cause loss of human life and exceptionally grave crimes committed during wartime.
In 2014, Amnesty International classified Kazakhstan as "Abolitionist for ordinary crimes only". Additionally, women could not be sentenced to death under Kazakh law.
Since the moratorium was instituted, six people have been sentenced to death in Kazakhstan. All have since had their death sentences commuted.
In 2008 and 2016, Kazakhstan voted in favor of the UN moratorium on the death penalty.
On 23 September 2020, President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev announced that Kazakhstan had signed the Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and ratified it on 24 March 2022. The protocol requires all signatories to commit to abolishing the death penalty, with Tokayev adding that Kazakhstan signed it "[to] fulfill a fundamental right to life and human dignity," with the intention of soon abolishing the death penalty within its borders.

## Notable death sentences since 2003

In 2006, former police officer Rustam Ibragimov was sentenced to death for masterminding the assassination of prominent politician Altynbek Sarsenbayuly. In 2014, Ibragimov's death sentence was commuted to life imprisonment. Until 2016, Ibragimov was the last person to receive a death sentence in Kazakhstan.
In November 2016, a court in Kazakhstan sentenced mass-murderer Ruslan Kulikbayev to death for terrorism after he was convicted of killing ten people (including 8 policemen) in a shooting attack against police officers in Almaty. Kulikbayev's death sentence was commuted to life imprisonment in 2021 after Kazakhstan abolished the death penalty for all crimes.
# Pseudonectriella

Pseudonectriella is a genus of fungi within the Niessliaceae family. This is a monotypic genus, containing the single species Pseudonectriella ahmadii.
# Franz Tunder

Franz Tunder (1614 – November 5, 1667) was a German composer and organist of the early to middle Baroque era. He was an important link between the early German Baroque style which was based on Venetian models, and the later Baroque style which culminated in the music of J.S. Bach; in addition he was formative in the development of the chorale cantata.

## Life

According to recent research, Tunder was born in Lübeck, not in Bannesdorf or Burg on the island of Fehmarn as was believed by earlier scholars. Little is known about his early life other than that his talent was sufficient to allow him to be appointed as court organist to Frederick III, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp in Gottorf at the age of 18. A few years earlier, he had gone to Italy in the company of Johann Heckelauer, and it is likely that he studied with Girolamo Frescobaldi while he was in Florence. (Johann Mattheson asserted that he did, but this has been disputed by later scholars).
Between 1632 and 1641, Tunder worked in Gottorf as "Hoforganist". In 1641 he was appointed as the main organist at Lübeck's main church, the Marienkirche, succeeding Peter Hasse. In 1647 he became administrator and treasurer there also. He held that post for the rest of his life. His successor was Dieterich Buxtehude. Buxtehude married Tunder's daughter, Anna Margarethe, in 1668.
He began the tradition of "Abendmusiken", a long series of free concerts in the Marienkirche, the most elaborate of which were before Christmas time. The earliest of these concerts occurred in 1646. The concerts seem to have originated as organ performances specifically for the businessmen who congregated at the weekly opening of the town's stock exchange. These concerts were to continue through the 17th and 18th centuries; they were distinguished from other concerts by having free admission (for they took place in a church), and by being financed by the business community.

## Music

Along with Heinrich Scheidemann and Matthias Weckmann, Tunder was one of the most important members of the North German organ school; however, few of his works are preserved.
His surviving output suggests a marked preference for the chorale fantasia style, though he is also known for chorale versets, such as his setting of Jesus Christus unser Heiland, notable in particular for the opening pedal flourish (probably the earliest surviving example of an opening pedal solo in an organ work), a technique that was to be more fully exploited by Dietrich Buxtehude.
# Andreas Boesen

Andreas Hougaard Boesen (born 1991) is an international Danish orienteer. He won his first medal at the 2017 World Orienteering Championships in Tartu, Estonia, running in the Mixed Sprint Relay with Maja Alm, Tue Lassen and Cecilie Friberg Klysner. Boesen runs for OK Roskilde and Angelniemen Ankkuri.
# John Yi Yun-il

John Yi Yun-il (1822 – January 21, 1867) was a Korean Catholic who was killed during the 19th-century Korean persecution of Christians. He was a family man who made his living as a farmer and who also served as a catechist, i.e. a teacher of Christian religion.

## Death

John Yi Yun-il was killed during the Catholic Persecution of 1866 at Gwandeokjeong, a military training center in what is now Daegu, South Korea. Though flogged until the flesh of his limbs was torn, he remained strong in the Christian faith, and he was finally decapitated.

## Sainthood

He is venerated in the Catholic Church as a martyr and was canonized as one of 103 Korean martyr saints by John Paul II on May 6, 1984.
He is one of two patron saints of the Archdiocese of Daegu, along with Our Lady of Lourdes. His body is preserved in a chapel in the Archdiocese of Daegu. At the time of John's death, the site of his execution, Gwandeokjeong was used for the execution of criminals. Due to the number of Christian martyrs who were executed there, the site is now treated by the Archdiocese as a sacred place.
John Yi Yun-il's feast day is January 21, the day of his death, and he is also venerated along with the rest of the 103 Korean martyrs on September 20.
# Kharitonovskaya, Sibirskoye Rural Settlement, Verkhovazhsky District, Vologda Oblast

Kharitonovskaya (Russian: Харитоновская) is a rural locality (a village) in Sibirskoye Rural Settlement, Verkhovazhsky District, Vologda Oblast, Russia. The population was 21 as of 2002.

## Geography

The distance to Verkhovazhye is 57 km, to Yeliseyevskya is 9 km. Sakulinskaya, Ostashevskaya, Safronovskaya, Voronikha are the nearest rural localities.
# Axel Rodríguez

Axel Alan Rodríguez (born 25 March 1997) is an Argentine professional footballer who plays as a forward for Patronato, on loan from Olimpo.

## Career

Rodríguez, who had a youth spell with Libertad de Bahía Blanca, was promoted into the senior squad of Olimpo in 2015, making appearances against Arsenal de Sarandí and Godoy Cruz as the club placed eighteenth. He didn't feature for the first-team for another three seasons, with Mario Sciacqua recalling him up for a 2017–18 fixture with Gimnasia y Esgrima. He made five total appearances that campaign, two of which were starts as they were relegated. Rodríguez subsequently scored five times in his opening ten matches in Primera B Nacional, netting four of the five in consecutive home matches; equalling a 2008 record set by Josemir Lujambio.
After a loan spell at All Boys in 2021, Rodríguez joined Patronato at the end of January 2022 on a loan deal until the end of the year with a purchase option.

## Career statistics

    As of 5 March 2019.
Appearances and goals by club, season and competition :
| Club | Season | League | League | League | Cup | Cup | Continental | Continental | Other | Other | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Olimpo | 2015 | Primera División | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 |
| Olimpo | 2016 | Primera División | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Olimpo | 2016–17 | Primera División | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Olimpo | 2017–18 | Primera División | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 0 | 0 | 5 | 0 |
| Olimpo | 2018–19 | Primera B Nacional | 17 | 5 | 2 | 0 | — | — | 0 | 0 | 19 | 5 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 24 | 5 | 2 | 0 | — | — | 0 | 0 | 26 | 5 |
# Julian Wagstaff

Julian Wagstaff (born 1970) is a Scottish composer of classical music, musical theatre and opera.
Born in Edinburgh, Wagstaff originally studied German language and politics, and graduated from the University of Reading in 1993. Wagstaff worked as a translator and interpreter in the German language before turning to music as a profession in the late 1990s. His interest in language and political history continues to be reflected in much of his music and in his theatre libretti.
He came to public attention with the musical John Paul Jones (2001), based on the life of the Scots-born sailor and hero of the American Revolution. Premiered in Edinburgh in 2001, this was the first of the composer's works to reach a significant audience. In it, Wagstaff's eclectic compositional style (which frequently involves the integration of several different styles within one work) began to emerge. John Paul Jones was revived as a concert version in 2010 in association with the Scottish Chamber Orchestra.
The composer began to study musical composition at the University of Edinburgh with Professor Nigel Osborne in 2001, earning a master's degree in music in 2002 and a PhD in 2008.
Wagstaff's specific interest in German history, particularly the history of the former German Democratic Republic, is reflected in Treptow for string orchestra (2005), his most-performed work. This piece, which won the 2005 Emre Araci Prize, was inspired by the Soviet War Memorial in Treptow Park in east Berlin.
In August 2007, Wagstaff presented his hour-long chamber opera The Turing Test on the Edinburgh Festival Fringe. The opera takes its name from the test proposed by the English mathematician Alan Turing for human level intelligence in a machine. A recording of his Piano Quintet was released in the same year on an album by the Edinburgh Quartet recorded by Calum Malcolm entitled Frontiers and Bridges.
In 2011, Wagstaff was commissioned by the Royal Society of Chemistry to compose a new work to celebrate International Year of Chemistry 2011. The trio for clarinet, cello and piano is entitled A Persistent Illusion and was premiered by Hebrides Ensemble on 12 December 2011.
In 2013, the composer was commissioned by the University of Edinburgh to write and produce a short opera to celebrate the Tercentenary of its School of Chemistry which fell that year. The resulting work, entitled Breathe Freely, is set during the Second World War and premiered in the Assembly Rooms (Edinburgh) on 24 October 2013 in a production supported by Scottish Opera. A CD recording of the opera was released on the Linn Records label in October 2015.
In November 2021, the national German radio network Deutschlandfunk broadcast a 45-minute retrospective on Julian Wagstaff's life and work, presented by Martina Brandorff.
Wagstaff lives and works in his native city. His works are widely performed throughout Scotland and beyond.
Wagstaff writes and performs rock music under the name Jules Reed, including as a member of the band The Firrenes. His cousin is the writer Rich Johnston.
# Leonid Bykovets

Guards Colonel Leonid Alexandrovich Bykovets (Russian: Леонид Александрович Быковец, 14 December 1921 – 7 July 1997) was a Soviet airman who was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union in 1945 for valour during the German-Soviet War.

## Early life

Bykovets was born in Kolomna, near Moscow in the Soviet Union in 1921 into a working class family. He graduated from high school in 1937 at the age of 16 and worked as a projectionist in his home town. He got his pilot's licence two years later in 1939, and joined the Red Air Force as a volunteer in 1940.

## German-Soviet War

Just before the dawn of German-Soviet War in 1941, he graduated from military flight school, and was assigned to a combat unit in December 1942. He joined the Communist Party of the Soviet Union the following year.
From his first aerial combat engagement in late 1942 until May 1945, Bykovets made 220 sorties and shot down 19 enemy aircraft while flying solo and four as part of a group. During the course of the war he received the Order of Lenin, the Order of Alexander Nevsky, two Orders of the Great Patriotic War, both first class, two Orders of the Red Star and was awarded the Order of the Red Banner an unprecedented four times.
He also received the title of Hero of the Soviet Union in August 1945 for "the exemplary performance of command assignments at the front against the Nazi invaders and for displaying courage and heroism". He finished the war with the rank of Guards Senior Lieutenant.

## Later life

In 1947, he graduated from a military flight school in navigation skills, and was promoted to colonel in 1949. He was the vice-commanding officer of the 28th Guards Fighter Aviation Regiment until 1960, when he retired from the air force at the age of 39. He returned to Kolomna, where he worked in a factory until the late 1980s. He died aged 75 in his hometown in June 1997, which was now part of the Russian Federation.

## Posthumous recognition

In the aeroclub at Kolumna, there is a plaque dedicated to him.
# Hussite Overture

The Hussite Overture (Czech: Husitská, dramatická ouvertura), Op. 67, B. 132, was written by Antonín Dvořák in 1883 for the gala opening of the Prague National Theater. The composition was originally intended as a part of a dramatic trilogy on the Bohemian religious leader Jan Hus.
As with the third piano trio, the Scherzo capriccioso, the Ballade in D minor, and the seventh symphony, composed in the same period, the work is written in a more dramatic, dark and aggressive style that supersedes the carefree folk style of Dvořák's "Slavonic period".
The overture is scored for piccolo, 2 flutes, 2 oboes, cor anglais, 2 clarinets, 2 bassoons, 4 horns, 2 trumpets, 3 trombones, tuba, timpani, percussion (bass drum, cymbals, triangle), harp, and strings.
# Malsaidi

Malsaidi (Persian: مال سيدي) may refer to:
* Malsaidi-ye Olya
* Malsaidi-ye Sofla
# Khanpur Mahar

Khanpur Mahar (Sindhi: خانپور مھر)is a town in Ghotki District in Northern Sindh province, Pakistan.
# Musaed Neda

Musaed Neda Al-Enazi (Arabic: مساعد ندا العنزي) is a former Kuwaiti football defender.

## International goals

    As of 30 March 2015 vs. Colombia
    Score and Result list shows Kuwait's goal tally first
| No. | Date | Venue | Opponent | Score | Result | Competition |
| 1. | 3 September 2003 | National Stadium, Kallang, Singapore | Singapore | 1–0 | 3–1 | 2004 AFC Asian Cup qualification |
| 2. | 9 June 2004 | Al-Sadaqua Walsalam Stadium, Kuwait City, Kuwait | Hong Kong | 3–0 | 4–0 | 2006 FIFA World Cup qualification |
| 3. | 8 September 2004 | Siu Sai Wan Sports Ground, Chai Wan, Hong Kong | Hong Kong | 1–0 | 2–0 | 2006 FIFA World Cup qualification |
| 4. | 11 December 2004 | Thani bin Jassim Stadium, Doha, Qatar | Saudi Arabia | 2–1 | 2–1 | 17th Arabian Gulf Cup |
| 5. | 7 January 2009 | Sultan Qaboos Sports Complex, Muscat, Oman | Bahrain | 1–0 | 1–0 | 19th Arabian Gulf Cup |
| 6. | 5 March 2009 | Canberra Stadium, Canberra, Australia | Australia | 1–0 | 1–0 | 2011 AFC Asian Cup qualification |
| 7. | 3 November 2009 | Al-Sadaqua Walsalam Stadium, Kuwait City, Kuwait | Kenya | 1–0 | 5–0 | Friendly |
| 8. | 8 November 2009 | Al-Sadaqua Walsalam Stadium, Kuwait City, Kuwait | China | 2–2 | 2–2 | Friendly |
| 9. | 24 December 2010 | Dream Land Playing Field, Cairo, Egypt | North Korea | 2–1 | 2–1 | Friendly |
| 10. | 31 December 2010 | As-Suwais Stadium, Suez, Egypt | Zambia | 2–0 | 4–0 | Friendly |
| 11. | 31 December 2010 | As-Suwais Stadium, Suez, Egypt | Zambia | 4–0 | 4–0 | Friendly |
| 12. | 2 July 2011 | Camille Chamoun Sports City Stadium, Beirut, Lebanon | Lebanon | 1–0 | 6–0 | Friendly |
| 13. | 2 July 2011 | Camille Chamoun Sports City Stadium, Beirut, Lebanon | Lebanon | 2–0 | 6–0 | Friendly |
| 14. | 23 July 2011 | Mohammed Al-Hamad Stadium, Hawally, Kuwait | Philippines | 2–0 | 3–0 | 2014 FIFA World Cup qualification |
| 15. | 11 October 2011 | Camille Chamoun Sports City Stadium, Beirut | Lebanon | 1–1 | 2–2 | Friendly |
| 16. | 4 November 2014 | Al Nahyan Stadium, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates | Yemen | 1–1 | 1–1 | Friendly |
| 17. | 30 March 2015 | Mohammed Bin Zayed Stadium, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates | Colombia | 1–1 | 1–3 | Friendly |
# Ayrton Sánchez

Ayrton Ariel Sánchez (born 6 March 2000) is an Argentine footballer currently playing as a eft-back for Brown de Adrogué.

## Career statistics
### Club

    As of 18 August 2021.
| Club | Season | League | League | League | Cup | Cup | Continental | Continental | Other | Other | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Boca Juniors | 2021 | Argentine Primera División | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | – | – | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Central Español (loan) | 2021 | Uruguayan Segunda División | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | – | – | 0 | 0 | 4 | 0 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 0 |
# Young Communists (Czech Republic)

Young Communists (Czech: Mladí komunisté) is a communist youth organization in the Czech Republic, and is a branch of the Communist Party of Bohemia and Moravia. Youth organization is directed by the Youth Commission of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Bohemia and Moravia. Organization cooperates with the Communist Youth Union, more far-left organization.
# Renata Shakirova

Renata Mukhametovna Shakirova (Russian: Рената Мухаметовна Шакирова; born 5 April 1995 in Tashkent) is a ballet dancer, currently a principal with the Mariinsky Ballet.

## Early life and education

Shakirova was born in Tashkent, Uzbekistan. She began her studies at the Bashkir Choreographic College, but then moved to Saint Petersburg with her family when she was admitted to the Vaganova Academy of Russian Ballet and graduated in 2015; her teacher at the Academy was Tatiana Udalenkova. As a student in the Academy, Renata was given the opportunity to dance roles with the Mariinsky Ballet. She began rehearsing with the Mariinsky dancers as a way to stay in shape during the summer vacation from school and it was during those rehearsals she was asked to dance her first role in the theatre: Cupid in Don Quixote.

## Career

Renata joined the Mariinsky Ballet upon her graduation and on October 11, 2015 she made her first principal role debut as Kitri in Don Quixote. She was listed among 25 to Watch by Dance Magazine in 2015. In 2016 Renata competed in the Bolshoi Ballet Competition hosted by Russian television network Russia-K with Mariinsky principal dancer Kimin Kim and won first prize.

### Repertoire

Renata has danced ballets choreographed by Marius Petipa, Yury Grigorovich, Alexei Ratmansky, Michel Fokine, George Balanchine, etc.
Marius Petipa
* Giselle (Giselle, Classical Duet)
* The Sleeping Beauty (Aurora, Princess Florine)
* Swan Lake (Odette-Odile, Friends of the Prince, Cygnets, Two Swans)
* La Bayadère (Nikiya, Trio of Shades)
* Raymonda (Henrietta, Grand pas variation)
* Le Corsaire (Gulnare, Trio of Odalisques)
* Don Quixote (Kitri, Amour, Flower Girls, Grand pas variation)
* The Pharaoh's Daughter (Ramzé)
Yuri Grigorovich
* The Legend of Love (Shyrin, Gold Dance)
* The Stone Flower (Katarina, The Mistress of the Copper Mountain)
Alexei Ratmansky
* Concerto DSCH
* The Little Humpbacked Horse (Tsar Maiden)
* Cinderella (Cinderella)
* Pierrot Lunaire
George Balanchine
* Jewels (Rubies soloist)
* Apollo (Polyhymnia, Calliope)
* A Midsummer Night's Dream (pas de deux in Act II )
* Symphony in C (III. Allegro vivace, IV.Allegro vivace)
* Swan Lake
Other choreographers
* Anyuta (Anyuta); choreography by Vladimir Vasiliev
* Carmen Suite (Carmen); choreography by Alberto Alonso
* Romeo and Juliet (Juliet, Juliet's Companions); choreography by Leonid Lavrovsky
* Paquita (Paquita, Carducha); production by Yuri Smekalov
* Diana and Acteon Pas de Deux; choreography by Agrippina Vaganova
* Le Carnaval (Butterfly); choreography by Michel Fokine
* The Nutcracker (Masha); choreography by Vasili Vainonen
* Shurale (Syuimbike); choreography by Leonid Yakobson
* Adagio Hammerklavier; choreography by Hans van Manen
* Bambi (Butterfly) and Violin Concerto No. 2; choreography by Anton Pimonov
* The Bronze Horseman (Parasha); choreography by Yuri Smekalov
* Pulcinella (Pimpinella); choreography by Ilya Zhivoi
# Japan Breeding Farms' Cup Ladies' Classic

Japan Breeding Farms' Cup Ladies' Classic (ジャパンブリーディングファームズカップレディスクラシック) is an annual race that is usually held on November 3, the national holiday Culture Day. This race was started as third JBC race in 2011. The first race was held at the Oi racetrack, and was won by Miracle Legend. In 2015, this was the only Grade 1 dirt race (including domestic Grade 1 race) for fillies and mares.
The Ladies' Prelude (domestic grade2, Jpn2 race), founded in 2011, is held as trial race.

## Winners

| Year | Winner | Age | Jockey | Trainer | Owner | Organization | Time | Racecourse | Distance |
| 2011 | Miracle Legend | 4 | Yasunari Iwata | Hideaki Fujiwara | Teruya Yoshida | JRA | 1:49.6 | Oi | 1,800 meters |
| 2012 | Miracle Legend | 5 | Yasunari Iwata | Hideaki Fujiwara | Teruya Yoshida | JRA | 1:40.7 | Kawasaki | 1,600 meters |
| 2013 | Medeia | 5 | Suguru Hamanaka | Kazuhide Sasada | Shadai Race Horse | JRA | 1:33.3 | Kanazawa | 1,500 meters |
| 2014 | Sambista | 5 | Yasunari Iwata | Katsuhiko Sumii | Hidaka Breeders Union | JRA | 1:49.3 | Kyoto | 1,800 meters |
| 2015 | White Fugue | 3 | Takuya Ono | Noboru Takagi | Tsuru Nishimori | JRA | 1:51.5 | Oi | 1,800 meters |
| 2016 | White Fugue | 4 | Masayoshi Ebina | Noboru Takagi | Tsuru Nishimori | JRA | 1:41.3 | Kawasaki | 1,600 meters |
| 2017 | Lalabel | 5 | Daisuke Mashima | Katsunori Arayama | Teruya Yoshida | Oi | 1:54.2 | Oi | 1,800 meters |
| 2018 | Ange Desir | 4 | Norihiro Yokoyama | Mitsugu Kon | Koji Yasuhara | JRA | 1:50.4 | Kyoto | 1,800 meters |
| 2019 | Yamanin Imprime | 5 | Yutaka Take | Kodai Hasegawa | Hajime Doi | JRA | 1:24.5 | Urawa | 1,400 meters |
| 2020 | Fashionista | 6 | Yuichi Kitamura | Takayuki Yasuda | Godolphin | JRA | 1:51.1 | Oi | 1,800 meters |
| 2021 | Teorema | 5 | Yuga Kawada | Koichi Ishizaka | Yukio Mizukami | JRA | 1:32.1 | Kanazawa | 1,500 meters |
| 2022 | Valle de la Luna | 3 | Mirai Iwata | Hideaki Fujiwara | La Mere Co., Ltd. | JRA | 1:50.1 | Morioka | 1,800 meters |
| 2023 | Icon Tailor | 5 | Kohei Matsuyama | Hiroshi Kawachi | Kouichi Nakanishi | JRA | 1:52.9 | Oi | 1,800 meters |
| 2024 | Ammothyella | 3 | Takeshi Yokoyama | Mikio Matsunaga | Hiroo Race Co. Ltd. | JRA | 1:59.6 | Saga | 1,860 meters |