OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Nazo Tokhi

Nāzo Tokhī (نازو توخۍ), commonly known as Nāzo Anā (Pashto: نازو انا, "Nazo the grandmother"), was an Afghan poet and writer in the Pashto language. Mother of the famous early-18th century Afghan king Mirwais Hotak, she grew up in an influential family in the Kandahar region. She is remembered as a brave woman warrior in Afghan history and as the "Mother of the Afghan Nation".

## Early life and family background

Nazo Tokhi was born into a powerful and wealthy Pashtun family in the village of Spozhmayiz Gul, near Thazi, in the Kandahar Province of Afghanistan, in or about the year 1651. Her father, Sultan Malakhai Tokhi, was a prominent head of the Tokhi Pashtun tribe and governor of the Ghazni region. She was married to Salim Khan Hotak, son of Karam Khan. The famous Afghan ruler of the Hotak dynasty, Mirwais Hotak, was her son, and Mahmud Hotak and Hussain Hotak were her grandsons.
Nazo became a learned poet and courteous person; people knew her by her loving and caring nature. Nazo's father had paid close attention to her education and upbringing, inducing learned men in Kandahar to educate her fully. She came to be regarded as the "Mother of the Afghan Nation", gaining respect through her poetry and her strong support for the Pashtunwali code. Nazo called for Pashtunwali to be made the law of the confederacy of Pashtun tribes, and she arbitrated conflicts between the Ghilji and Sadozai tribes so as to encourage their alliance against the foreign Persian Safavid rulers. Her poetic contributions to Afghan culture are highly regarded even today.
When their father was killed in battle near Sur mountain, Nazo's brother went into battle to avenge him and left Nazo in charge of the household and fortress. She put on a sword and defended the fortress alongside the men.

### Poetry

This is a translated excerpt from Nazo Tokhi's poetry (in the original Pashto, one of the two thousand or so couplets which she composed):
   Dew drops from an early dawn narcissus
   as a tear drops from a melancholy eye; O beauty, I asked, what makes you cry? Life is too short for me, it answered, My beauty blooms and withers in a moment, as a smile which comes and forever fades away.

### Legendary dream

Legend holds that Nazo Ana had an extraordinary dream on the night her son Mirwais Hotak was born.
   On the night Mirwais was born (1673), his mother, Nazo Ana, dreamed of Shaykh Beṭ Nīkə (who is the folkloric leader or ancestor of the Bettani confederacy of Pashtuns). He told Nazo to take best care of the new baby because when the child grows up, the country would be blessed by his services. Nazo Ana, from time to time, recalled the miraculous dream to her son and advise him to perform deeds with authenticity. Young Mirwais eternally followed his mother's advice.

### Death

Nazo Ana died in or about 1717 at the age of about 66, two years after her son Mirwais's death. After her death, her cause was taken up by Zarghuna Ana, the mother of Afghan Emir Ahmad Shah Durrani.

## Legacy

Nazo Ana is revered as a heroine among the Afghans. Various Afghan schools and other institutions are named after her.
# GeoPublish

geoPublish is a discontinued desktop publishing program made by Berkeley Softworks for their GEOS Operating System.
geoPublish brought proper Desktop Publishing to the Commodore 64. With Left and Right Master Pages page layout work was simplified with the ability to work on the full page at once. Other features included autoflow text placement, the ability to create 16-page documents (with page numbering up to 256 to facilitate chaining documents), a suite of object-oriented drawing tools, and the ability to scale fonts from 4-192 points. geoPublish is capable of outputting PostScript page descriptions to laser printers and is used for creating posters, newsletters, and even books.

## Versions

A version for the Commodore 64 was released in 1986. It was ported to the Apple II in 1988. Version 2.0 was released in 1993.
# Arnače

Arnače (pronounced) is a village in the Municipality of Velenje in northern Slovenia. It lies in the Ložnica Hills (Slovene: Ložničko gričevje) south of the town of Velenje. The area is part of the traditional region of Styria. The entire municipality is now included in the Savinja Statistical Region.

## Church

The parish church in the settlement is dedicated to Saint Giles (Slovene: sveti Egidij) and belongs to the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Maribor. It was first mentioned in written documents dating to 1365. Parts of the church were rebuilt in the mid 17th century and the early 18th century.

## Notable people

Notable people that were born or lived in Arnače include the following:
* Karel Oštir (1888–1973), linguist
# Anarjan

Anarjan (Persian: انرجان) may refer to:
* Anarjan, Bostanabad
* Anarjan, Tabriz
# Neuerburg

Neuerburg (Luxembourgish: Neierbuerg) is a city in the district of Bitburg-Prüm, in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany.
It is situated in the Eifel, near the border with Luxembourg, approximately 20 km north-west of Bitburg and 20 km north-east of Diekirch.
Neuerburg was formerly the seat of the Verbandsgemeinde ("collective municipality") of Neuerburg, and since 1 July 2014 has been the seat of the Verbandsgemeinde Südeifel.
# Sadków Duchowny

Sadków Duchowny is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Belsk Duży, within Grójec County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.
# Carl Holden

Carl Holden (born August 22, 1941) is an American former professional baseball catcher who played in the Negro leagues, in 1960. In his only season, Holden played for the Birmingham Black Barons before going on to join different semi-professional teams. Later on, Holden helped spread awareness about the history of Negro league baseball.
Holden was born in Madison, Alabama, the son of parents Thornton and Mattie. As a teenager, he attended William H. Council High School, while playing for the semi-professional team, the Rocket City Dodgers, as an infielder. In 1958, he joined another club, the Huntsville Braves (later renamed the Hawks), and was positioned as the team's starting catcher. As Holden recollected, "They notice I was getting a little size on me...They were just looking for someone chunky who had a good arm on them". He played with the Hawks for two years before Holden started attending Alabama A&M University in 1959, while playing college football briefly until a recurring knee injury sidelined him.
During Major League Baseball's 1960 spring training, the Baltimore Orioles' chief scout Fred Hoffman invited Holden to participate, but injuries, again, plagued him during camp, prompting the Orioles to release him after a few weeks. Undettered, Holden underwent a training regimen and signed with the Birmingham Black Barons for $300 per month, earning two hits in his debut game. However, following the 1960 season he left the team, citing financial concerns as his reason to return home.
In 1961, he rejoined the Huntsville Hawks for two more seasons. When the local American Legion post sponsored a team, Holden was elected team captain, playing between 1963 and 1968 before suffering an ankle injury. Following his baseball career, Holden established a successful small business and was active in spreading awareness about the history of the Negro leagues. In 2004, he was inducted into the Madison County Athletic Hall of Fame. He has a wife named Hattie and two children.
# Qalayxudat

41°12′02″N 48°10′55″E﻿ / ﻿41.20056°N 48.18194°E﻿ / 41.20056; 48.18194
Qalayxudat (also, Galaykhudat, Galakhudat, Kalaykhudat, and Kaleykhudat) is a village in the Quba District of Azerbaijan. The village forms part of the municipality of Khinalug.
# Shadmehr District

Shadmehr District (Persian: بخش شادمهر) is in Mahvelat County, Razavi Khorasan province, Iran. Its capital is the city of Shadmehr.

## History

After the 2006 National Census, the village of Shadmehr was elevated to the status of a city.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2006 census, the district's population was 15,857 in 4,229 households. The following census in 2011 counted 15,412 people in 4,681 households. The 2016 census measured the population of the district as 15,753 inhabitants in 5,003 households.

### Administrative divisions

Shadmehr District Population :
| Administrative Divisions | 2006 | 2011 | 2016 |
| Azghand RD | 11,433 | 7,304 | 7,578 |
| Mahvelat-e Shomali RD | 4,424 | 4,430 | 4,350 |
| Shadmehr (city) | | 3,678 | 3,825 |
| Total | 15,857 | 15,412 | 15,753 |
| RD = Rural District ||||
# Alassane També

Alassane També (born 26 January 1992) is a French professional footballer who plays as a right-back and centre-back.

## Club career
### Early career

També started playing football in the streets of Villepinte, a city in the Île-de-France region. After playing for local side Villepinte FC, he joined Paris Saint-Germain (PSG) in 2002. In the Paris Saint-Germain Academy, he established himself as a leader of his generation, being a captain from under-11 to under-17 level, while having teammates such as Chris Mavinga, Loïck Landre and Gianelli Imbula.

### Paris Saint-Germain

During the 2008–09 season, També signed a three-year professional deal with PSG, and became at the time the youngest player to sign a professional contract for the club. També said "It means a lot for me to sign my first contract with Paris Saint-Germain. It's also great that the club is looking after their youth players. To sign at just 17 years of age a pro contract is simply fantastic, my dream came true but it's only the start for me. I have to keep on working and continue my development." Across three seasons, També went on to make 44 appearances for Paris Saint-Germain's reserve side in the Championnat de France Amateur (CFA). He never made a professional appearance for the club's first team.

### Kortrijk

In January 2012, També signed for Belgian club Kortrijk. He made his debut for the club on 4 February 2012. També played and started most of the games during the second half of the 2011–12 season, helping his to reach the 2012 Belgian Cup Final against Lokeren, where they lost 1–0 at the King Baudouin Stadium.

### Genoa and Tondela

In February 2015, També signed a four-and-a-half-year deal with Genoa. On 13 July 2016, he joined Primeira Liga team Tondela on a one-year deal.

## Honours

Paris Saint-Germain U19
* Championnat National U19: 2010–11
Kortrijk
* Belgian Cup runner-up: 2011–12
# Karşıkonak, Mazgirt

Karşıkonak (Kurdish: Hoşî, Xoş) is a village in the Mazgirt District, Tunceli Province, Turkey. The village is populated by Kurds of the Şadiyan tribe and had a population of 64 in 2021.
The hamlets of Alikadı, Çayağzı and Denik are attached to the village.
# Kuhsalar

Kuhsalar (Persian: كوهسالار) may refer to:
* Kuhsalar, Khoda Afarin
* Kuhsalar-e Olya, Meyaneh County
* Kuhsalar-e Sofla, Meyaneh County
# Ivan Sakharov

Ivan Petrovich Sakharov (Russian: Иван Петрович Сахаров, September 10, 1807, Tula, Russian Empire, — September 5, 1863, Valdai region, Tver Governorate, Russian Empire) was a Russian folklorist, ethnographer, archeologist and paleographer.
In the 1830s and early 1840s Sakharov published several highly popular books, including the Russian People's Tales of the Family Lives of Their Ancestors (Сказания русского народа о семейной жизни своих предков, 1836, in three volumes), Russian People's Journeys Into Foreign Lands (Путешествие русских людей в чужие земли, 1837) and Russian People's Songs (1838—1839, in two volumes). As scholars like Vladimir Dal, Alexander Afanasyev and Pyotr Kireevsky entered the Russian literary scene, the scientific quality of Sakharov's research and the authenticity of some of the documents he cited started to be questioned, notably by Apollon Grigoryev and Pyotr Bessonov; later several authors (among them Alexander Pypin, in "Falsifications of the Folklore Manuscripts", 1898) openly accused him of plagiarism and, in some cases, mystifications. Still, Ivan Sakharov was credited (by Brockhaus & Efron) as a pioneer figure in Russian ethnography, whose studies, according to Izmail Sreznevsky, have made "an extraordinary impression upon the [Russian] educated society and infused it with great respect for the Russian folklore."
# Sadowa, Masovian Voivodeship

Sadowa is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Łomianki, within Warsaw West County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately 4 kilometres (2 mi) north-west of Łomianki, 15 km (9 mi) north of Ożarów Mazowiecki, and 19 km (12 mi) north-west of Warsaw.
# Beheshtabad, Semnan

Beheshtabad (Persian: بهشت آباد, also Romanized as Beheshtābād) is a village in Eyvanki Rural District, Eyvanki District, Garmsar County, Semnan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 39, in 8 families.
# Personal Car Communicator

A Personal Car Communicator (PCC) is a system of protection in a key fob developed by Volvo.
The Personal Car Communicator was first introduced by the company in the S80 sedan for the 2007 model year. The personal car communicator uses a two-way radio communicator, allowing the vehicle owner to check such security items as the locking status of the vehicle. Most notable is the ability of a heartbeat monitor that checks if someone is left inside the car.
To use the Personal Car Communicator, one must press the "i" button on the fob. If close to the vehicle, it will most likely give feedback within a minute of pressing. If further away, it may take up to 5-10 minutes.
When the "i" button is pressed, it can tell one the status of their vehicle. If a solid green light appears, that means the vehicle is locked. If a solid yellow light appears, that means the vehicle is unlocked. If a solid red light appears, that means the vehicle's alarm has been triggered since the last time the car was locked. If two flashing red lights appear, that means the alarm has been triggered in the last 5 minutes. In some cases, if it is flashing, the heartbeat monitor may have detected something.
# Josina van Aerssen

Josina Anna Petronella van Aerssen, married name Baroness Giustina Boetzelaer (3 January 1733 – 3 September 1797) was a Dutch composer, painter, lady in waiting and noble.

## Life

She was born in The Hague to Cornelis van Aerssen and Anna Albertina van Schagen Beijeren and in 1786 married Baron Carel van Boetzelaer.
Josina van Aerssen was the lady in waiting to Anne, Princess Royal and Princess of Orange, the spouse of prince William IV of Orange. She was a dilettante painter and made a portrait of princess Caroline. She was possibly active as a dilettante composer at court.
In 1780, she published several compositions. They were inspired by the Italian music and considered unique for the Netherlands. She died, aged 64, in IJsselstein.
# Alexander Baykov

Alexander Alexandrovich Baykov (Russian: Александр Александрович Байков; August 6, 1870 – April 6, 1946) was a Soviet university professor, scientist specializing in the fields of metallurgy and chemistry and an academician of the USSR Academy of Sciences.

## Early life and education

Baykov was born on August 6, 1870, in the city of Fatezh of the Russian Empire. In 1889 he graduated from the Classical Gymnasium in Kursk and entered the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics in St. Petersburg University. He was left to work at the university at the Department of Physical Chemistry in 1894 and was appointed laboratory assistant in chemistry as assistant to DP Konovalov.
In 1895, he transferred to the Institute of Railway Engineers to the position of head of the chemical laboratory. In 1899, the board of the Institute of Communication was sent on a business trip to France, where he studied physical chemistry in the laboratory of Henri Louis Le Chatelier and crystallography and mineralogy in the laboratory of Grigory Vyrubov. After returning from France in late 1903, he authored his dissertation on "Study of copper and antimony alloys and the hardening phenomena observed in them."

## Career

In 1907-1916 he taught chemistry at the Bestuzhev Courses and in 1911-1917 he lectured at the courses of P. F. Lesgaft.
In the summer of 1918, in connection with the work on the study of the Karadag routes, he was in the Crimea. The events of the Russian Civil War prevented him from returning to Petrograd and remained in Simferopol until 1923. In October 1918 Baiyov was elected a professor at the Tauride University.
In 1923 he returned to Petrograd and retook his former department and resumed his teaching activities. In the same year, he was elected professor in the Department of Chemistry at Petrograd University, which was previously headed by his teachers, D. I. Mendeleev and D. P. Konovalov.
In 1927-1934 he took part in the compilation of the Technical Encyclopedia edited by Ludwig Martens and authored articles on the topics of chemistry and metallurgy.
In 1938, he was the first head of the science department of the newly created Institute of metallurgy of the USSR Academy of Sciences in Moscow. Subsequently, this institute was named after Alexander Baykov.
He was elected a corresponding member, then a full member presidium, and, finally, the first vice-president of the USSR Academy of Sciences.

## Death

Alexander Baykov died on April 6, 1946, and was buried in Moscow at the Novodevichy Cemetery.

## Honors

* Order of St. Vladimir 4th degree
* Order of St. Anne 2nd class
* Order of St. Anne 3rd class
* Hero of Socialist Labor (10 June 1945)
* Three Order of Lenin (10 October 1940, 10 June 1945, 5 August 1945)
* Order of the Red Banner of Labor (21 February 1944 and 29 May 1944)
* Stalin Prize 1st class (1943)
# Nosk

Nosk (Persian: نسك) may refer to:
* Nosk, Kerman
* Nosk, Razavi Khorasan
* Nosk, a boss in Hollow Knight
# Aleksandr Zavadskiy

Aleksandr Viktorovich Zavadskiy (Russian: Александр Викторович Завадский; born 24 August 1966) is a retired Russian professional footballer.
# Alberto Rescio

Alberto Rescio (born 14 October 1987 in Campi Salentina) is an Italian professional football player currently playing for Lega Pro Seconda Divisione team S.S. Barletta Calcio on loan from A.S. Bari.
# Machézal

Machézal (French pronunciation:; Arpitan: Mont-Chesâl) is a commune in the Loire department in central France.
# Muhammad Sahool Bhagalpuri

Muhammad Sahool Bhagalpuri (died 1948) was an Indian Muslim scholar and jurist who served as the fifth Grand Mufti of Darul Uloom Deoband.

## Biography

Muhammad Sahool Bhagalpuri was born in Puraini, Bhagalpur, in a Muslim family that claimed descent from Uthman.
Sahool acquired his primary education at home and then studied with Ashraf Alam. He moved to Madrasa Jām'i al-Ulūm Kanpur where he studied with Ashraf Ali Thanwi and Muhammad Ishāq Burdwāni. He then studied with Muhammad Farooq Chiryakoti at Madrasa Faiz-e-Aam. He went to Hyderabad where he studied logic, philosophy, astronomy, literature and fiqh with Lutfullah Aligarhi and Abd al-Wahhāb Bihāri. From Hyderabad, he moved to Delhi and attended lectures of Nazīr Hussain, and then joined Darul Uloom Deoband where he studied ahadith with Mahmud Hasan Deobandi and graduated from there.
Sahool was appointed a teacher at Darul Uloom Deoband after his graduation. He taught at the seminary for over eight years. He then served Madrasa Azizia, Calcutta Alia Madrasah and Sylhet Government Alia Madrasah as a senior professor of hadith and Head Teacher. In 1920, he was appointed a principal at the Madrasa Alia Shamsul Huda in Patna. Succeeding Muhammad Shafi Usmani, he served as the fifth Grand Mufti of Darul Uloom Deoband from 1355 AH to 1357 AH and issued 15,185 fatawa during his tenure.
Sahool died in 1948 (27 Rajab 1367 AH) and was buried in Pureni.

## Literary works

Dār al-Suhūl, in North Nazimabad, published his book of religious edicts Mahmūd al-Fatāwa, better known as Fatāwa Suhūliya. The old copy of fatawa was given to Muhibbullah, a teacher of Jamia Uloom-ul-Islamia by Sahool's grandson Muhammad Saadullah Usmani. Muhibullah worked on this, and got the fatawa composed and published.
# Ben Davies (rugby union)

Benjamin Davies (5 June 1873 – 23 June 1930) was a Welsh international rugby halfback who played rugby union for Llanelli and was capped twice for Wales. Davies captained Llanelli for the 1894-95 season and was club secretary between 1898 and 1899. He later became the coach of Llandovery College and also wrote sports articles for the Daily Mail.

## Rugby career

Davies played club rugby for first class Welsh team, Llanelli, and it was while representing the 'Scarlets' that he was first selected to play for Wales. Wales had used the Newport half-back pairing of Percy Phillips and Fred Parfitt, but after the retirement of Phillips, the selectors began experimenting with new pairings. The opening game of the 1895 Home Nations Championship against England saw the introduction of two new caps into the half-back positions, Davies and Cardiff's Selwyn Biggs. Despite experienced and talented backs, including Billy Bancroft, Tom Pearson and captain Arthur Gould, the weak forward play from Wales left the backs hamstrung, and the team lost 6-14. The next game of the Championship saw the selectors retain Biggs, but Davies was replaced by a returning Fred Parfitt.
Despite playing no further part in the 1895 tournament, Davies was given another international cap the next year, again in the opening game of the tournament against England. This time Davies' half-back partner was Llanelli team mate David Morgan. The Welsh selectors often favoured less able half-back pairing which came from the same club team, giving a level of continuity to the back play. Morgan was first capped in the last game of the 1895 tournament, a home win over Ireland. Morgan was retained, while his partner Ralph Sweet-Escott was dropped to allow Davies another chance. Played away at Rectory Field in Blackheath, Wales were completely outclassed, losing 25-0. Neither Morgan or Davies were ever selected for Wales again.

### International matches played

Wales
* England 1895, 1896
# Action tendency

Action tendency is a psychological term in behavioral science which refers to an individual's urge to carry out a particular behavior, particularly as a component of emotion. In behavioral science, an individual's emotions direct their response to current circumstances or relationships; thus, the action tendency, as a constituent factor of the individual's overall emotional response, is a temporary and immediate impulse.

## Cognitive Scope

Action tendency is the motivational component of emotional decision making which is responsible for the preparation and direction of motor responses. Under the emotional framework, motivation can be thought of as the state of readiness to engage in a certain action with the goal of achieving a desired result. The action tendency is distinct from cognitive, physiological, and expressive components, which likewise determine an individual's behavior.
Because action tendency is, essentially, an immediate suggestion for a response in a particular set of circumstances, it is informed by an individual's set of preferences at the current point in time, which are supplied elsewhere within the emotion. Action tendency, therefore, changes as an individual moves between emotional states, and is modified by the individual's present cognitive and physiological abilities.

## Conditioning

Several theories and experiments support the notion that action tendencies can be primed to produce a desired result before the onset of emotion. In 2010, an experiment which trained addicts to either approach or avoid alcohol found that the subjects' action tendency towards alcohol was positively affected in accordance with the training condition.
Perceived action tendency may also play a role in social conditioning and self-esteem which is observable at an early developmental stage. In 1979, experimental data demonstrated that children who self-reported more frequent tendencies towards assertiveness and aggression experienced poor self-image and negative social stigma. These findings suggest that the observation of behavioral tendencies by oneself or others plays a significant role in the construction of identity.