# Phaneropterinae

The Phaneropterinae, the sickle-bearing bush crickets or leaf katydids, are a subfamily of insects within the family Tettigoniidae. They are also known as false katydids or round-headed katydids.
The name Phaneropterinae is based upon the Old World genus Phaneroptera (type species P. falcata), meaning "visible wing"; this refers to the exposed tips of the inner wings seen in many species, although some genera, notably in the tribes Barbitistini and Odonturini have become brachypterous.

## Description

The legs of individuals in this subfamily vary from genus to genus, but, as in nearly all Orthoptera, the posterior (rear) legs are adapted to leaping, and as such are always much longer than other legs. Phaneropterinae are generally well-camouflaged with green and brown colors being most prevalent, but there are exceptions including certain Aganacris and Scaphura that are Batesian mimics of wasps.
The Phaneropterinae are largely arboreal in habitat. The vast majority of species live in shrubs and trees, feeding on leaves and twigs. Some species might potentially cause significant damage, though usually superficial, when present in large numbers, but this is rare; they usually are solitary, unlike meadow grasshoppers, so much so that they seldom come to human notice.
The ovipositor and male genitalia vary according to the genus. The Phaneropterinae differ from other subfamilies of Tettigoniidae (and other Orthoptera) in their oviposition; their eggs are rarely deposited in the earth, but are either glued in double rows to twigs, or are inserted in the edges of leaves.

## Taxonomy

The subfamily Phaneropterinae was first erected in 1838 by German zoologist Hermann Burmeister. As of January 2024, Orthoptera Species File lists the following tribes, subtribes, genus groups, and genera.

### Acrometopini

Auth.: Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – Africa, Europe, the Middle East
* Acrometopa Fieber, 1853
* Altihoratosphaga Hemp, Voje, Heller, Warchalowska-Sliwa & Hemp, 2010
* Conchotopoda Karsch, 1887
* Horatosphaga Schaum, 1853
* Lamecosoma Ragge, 1960
* Peronura Karsch, 1889
* Peronurella Hemp, 2018
* Prosphaga Ragge, 1960
* Tenerasphaga Hemp, 2018

### Amblycoryphini

Auth.: Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – Americas, Africa
* Subtribe Plangiina Cadena-Castañeda, 2015
* Madagascarantia Massa, 2017
* Monteiroa Karsch, 1889
* Paraplangia Heller, 2018
* Plangia Stål, 1873
* Pseudoplangia Massa, 2014
* Subtribe not assigned
* Agaurella Uvarov, 1939
* Amblycorypha Stål, 1873
* Eurycoplangiodes Massa, 2020
* Eurycorypha Stål, 1873
* Orophus Saussure, 1859
* Oxygonatium Ragge, 1980
* Paraeurycorypha Massa, 2020
* Plangiodes Chopard, 1954

### Barbitistini

Auth.: Jacobson, 1905 – Europe to central Asia
* Ancistrura Uvarov, 1921 - monotypic Ancistrura nigrovittata (Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878)
* Andreiniimon Capra, 1937 - monotypic Andreiniimon nuptialis (Karny, 1918)
* Barbitistes Charpentier, 1825
* Dasycercodes Bei-Bienko, 1951 - monotypic Dasycercodes iranicus Bey-Bienko, 1951
* Euconocercus Bei-Bienko, 1950
* Isoimon Bei-Bienko, 1954 - monotypic Isoimon riabovi (Uvarov, 1927)
* Isophya Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878
* Kurdia Uvarov, 1916
* Leptophyes Fieber, 1853
* Metaplastes Ramme, 1939
* Orthocercodes Bei-Bienko, 1951 - monotypic Orthocercodes zarudnyi (Uvarov, 1930)
* Phonochorion Uvarov, 1916
* Poecilimon Fischer, 1853
* Polysarcus Fieber, 1853

### Catoptropterigini

Auth.: Massa, 2016 – Africa
* Catoptropteryx Karsch, 1890
* Griffinipteryx Massa, 2016

### Ducetiini

Auth.: Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – Africa, India, China, Indochina to Australia
* Abaxisotima Gorochov, 2005
* Agnapha Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1891
* Bulbistridulous Xia & Liu, 1991
* Ducetia Stål, 1874
* Kuwayamaea Matsumura & Shiraki, 1908
* Noia Walker, 1870
* Paraducetia Gorochov & Kang, 2002
* Paragnapha Willemse, 1923
* Prohimerta Hebard, 1922
* Shirakisotima Furukawa, 1963
* Subibulbistridulous Shi, 2002

### Dysoniini

Auth.: Rehn, 1950 – tropical Americas
* Genus group Dysonia (temporary)
** Dysonia White, 1862
** Lichenodentix Cadena-Castañeda, 2011
** Lichenomorphus Cadena-Castañeda, 2011
* Genus group Markia Cadena-Castañeda, 2013
** Apolinaria Rehn, 1950
** Lichenodraculus Braun, 2011
** Machima Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878
** Machimoides Rehn, 1950
** Markia White, 1862
* Genus group Paraphidniae Cadena-Castañeda, 2016
** Anaphidna Gorochov & Cadena-Castañeda, 2012
** Paraphidnia Giglio-Tos, 1898
* Genus group not assigned
* Hammatofera Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878
* Quiva Hebard, 1927
* Yungasacris Rehn, 1950

### Ectemnini

Auth.: Cadena-Castañeda, 2015 – tropical Americas
* Ectemna Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878
* Euthyrrhachis Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878

### Elimaeini

Auth.: Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1891 – Asia
* Ectadia Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878
* Elimaea Stål, 1874
* Hemielimaea Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878
* Orthelimaea Karny, 1926

### Holochlorini

Auth.: Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – Africa, Asia-Pacific
* Ancylecha Serville, 1838
* Arantia Stål, 1874
* Arnobia Stål, 1876
* Calopsyra Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1891
* Casigneta Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878
* Cesasundana Koçak & Kemal, 2009
* Dapanera Karsch, 1889
* Elbenia Stål, 1876
* Furnia Stål, 1876
* Gonatoxia Karsch, 1889
* Holochlora Stål, 1873
* Leucopodoptera Rentz & Webber, 2003
* Liotrachela Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878
* Molpa Walker, 1870
* Parapsyra Carl, 1914
* Phaulula Bolívar, 1906
* Phygela Stål, 1876
* Poecilopsyra Dohrn, 1892
* Pseudopsyra Hebard, 1922
* Psyrana Uvarov, 1940
* Rectimarginalis Liu & Kang, 2007
* Ruidocollaris Liu, 1993
* Sinochlora Tinkham, 1945
* Stibaroptera Bolívar, 1906
* Stictophaula Hebard, 1922
* Sympaestria Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878
* Tapiena Bolívar, 1906

### Insarini

Auth.: Rehn, & Hebard, 1914 – tropical & subtropical Americas
* Arethaea Stål, 1876
* Brachyinsara Rehn & Hebard, 1914
* Insara Walker, 1869
* Psilinsara Hebard, 1932

### Kevaniellini

Auth.: Massa, 2017 – eastern Africa
* Kevaniella Chopard, 1954

### Letanini

Auth.: Hebard, 1922 – Asia
* Himertula Uvarov, 1940
* Letana Walker, 1869

### Microcentrini

Auth.: Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – Americas
* Acropsis Uvarov, 1939
* Anapolisia Piza, 1980
* Apoballa Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878
* Boroseiyla Mendes, Chamorro-Rengifo & Rafael, 2020
* Caauara Mendes, Chamorro-Rengifo & Rafael, 2020
* Capanema Mendes & Rafael, 2021
* Capiguara Mendes, Chamorro-Rengifo & Rafael, 2020
* Ctenophlebia Stål, 1873
* Hyalipenna Mendes, Chamorro-Rengifo & Rafael, 2020
* Ischyra Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878
* Lamprophyllum Hebard, 1924
* Lobophyllus Saussure, 1859
* Microcentrum Scudder, 1862
* Petaloptera Saussure, 1859
* Philophyllia Stål, 1873
* Phoebolampta Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878
* Raggophyllum Nickle, 1967
* Syntechna Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878
* Tuaia Mendes, Chamorro-Rengifo & Rafael, 2020
* Tukunha Mendes & Rafael, 2021

### Mirolliini

Auth.: Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – Asia
* Amirollia Ingrisch, 2011
* Deflorita Bolívar, 1906
* Hemimirollia Ingrisch, 2011
* Hueikaeana Ingrisch, 1998
* Mirollia Stål, 1873

### Morgeniini

Auth.: Karsch, 1890 - central and western Africa
* Mangomaloba Sjöstedt, 1902
* Morgenia Karsch, 1890

### Odonturini

Auth.: Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – Americas, Iberian peninsula, Africa, Pacific islands
* Genus group Dichopetala
* Acanthorintes Cohn, Swanson & Fontana, 2014
* Dichopetala Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878
* Gymnocerca Cohn, Swanson & Fontana, 2014
* Mactruchus Cohn, Swanson & Fontana, 2014
* Obolopteryx Cohn, Swanson & Fontana, 2014
* Planipollex Cohn, Swanson & Fontana, 2014
* Pterodichopetala Buzzetti, Barrientos-Lozano & Rocha-Sánchez, 2010
* Rhabdocerca Cohn, Swanson & Fontana, 2014
* Genus group not assigned
* Angara Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1891
* Anisophya Karabag, 1960
* Arachnitus Hebard, 1932
* Arostratum Massa, 2015
* Atlasacris Rehn, 1914
* Cohnia Buzzetti, Fontana & Carotti, 2010
* Monticolaria Sjöstedt, 1910
* Nanoleptopoda Braun, 2011
* Odontura Rambur, 1838
* Odonturoides Ragge, 1980
* Parangara Rehn, 1945
* Paraperopyrrhicia Ebner, 1915
* Peropyrrhicia Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1891
* Xenicola Uvarov, 1940

### Otiaphysini

Auth.: Karsch, 1889 - Africa
* Debrona Walker, 1870
* Drepanophyllum Karsch, 1890
* Stenamblyphyllum Karsch, 1896
* Tetraconcha Karsch, 1890

### Pardalotini

Auth.: Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 - Africa
* Pardalota Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878
* Poecilogramma Karsch, 1887

### Percynini

Auth.: Cadena-Castañeda, 2015 – South America
* Percyna Grant, 1964
* Sictuna Walker, 1869

### Phaneropterini

Auth.: Burmeister, 1838 – distributed worldwide
* Anaulacomerina Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – Central and South America
** Abrodiaeta Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1891
** Anaulacomera Stål, 1873
** Grammadera Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878
** Mendesius Piza, 1960
** Montealegrezia Cadena-Castañeda, 2012
** Phaneropteroides Piza, 1971
** Rostellula Gorochov, 2018
** Separatula Gorochov, 2018
** Tenellulus Cadena-Castañeda, 2012
* Pelecynotina Cadena-Castañeda, 2015 – South America
** Pelecynotum Piza, 1967
* Viadanina Cadena-Castañeda, 2012 – Central and South America
** Tomeophera Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878
** Viadana Walker, 1869
* Subtribe not assigned
** Agennis Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1891
** Chloroscirtus Saussure & Pictet, 1897
** Dioncomena Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878
** Dithela Karsch, 1890
** Eucatopta Karsch, 1889
** Melidia Stål, 1876
** Nephoptera Uvarov, 1929
** Parapyrrhicia Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1891
** Phaneroptera Serville, 1831
** Pigalua Massa, 2017
** Pleothrix Ragge, 1980
** Pseudophaneroptera Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878
** Symmetrokarschia Massa, 2015
** Symmetroraggea Massa, 2015
** Xenodoxus Carl, 1914

### Phlaurocentrini

Auth.: Karsch, 1889 – Africa
* Buettneria Karsch, 1889
* Leiodontocercus Chopard, 1954
* Phlaurocentrum Karsch, 1889

### Phyllopterini

Auth.: Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878
* Phyllopterina Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – Central and South America
** Apocerycta Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878
** Arota Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1891
** Cephalophylloptera Cadena-Castañeda, 2015
** Hyperphrona Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878
** Hyperphorina Cadena-Castañeda, 2015
** Itarissa Walker, 1869
** Julchiella Cadena-Castañeda, 2015
** Meneghelia Piza, 1980
** Metaprosagoga Vignon, 1930
** Phrixa Stål, 1874
** Phylloptera Serville, 1831
** Resecabimus Cadena-Castañeda, 2015
* Uberabina Cadena-Castañeda, 2015 – South America
** Polichnodes Giglio-Tos, 1898
** Uberaba Bruner, 1915

### Plagiopleurini

Auth.: Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – South America
* Diplophyllus Saussure, 1859
* Parableta Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878
* Plagiopleura Stål, 1873

### Plangiopsidini

Auth.: Cadena-Castañeda, 2015 – Africa
* Plangiola Bolívar, 1906
* Plangiopsis Karsch, 1889

### Poreuomenini

Auth.: Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – Africa
* Cestromoecha Karsch, 1893
* Paraporeuomena Massa, 2018
* Poreuomena Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878

### Preussiini

Auth.: Karsch, 1890 – Africa
* Enochletica Karsch, 1896
* Preussia Karsch, 1890
* Weissenbornia Karsch, 1888

### Pycnopalpini

Auth.: Cadena-Castañeda, 2014 – Central and South America
* Pycnopalpina Cadena-Castañeda, 2014
** Hetaira Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1891
** Montezumina Hebard, 1925
** Pycnopalpa Serville, 1838
** Topanga Walker, 1869
* Theiina Cadena-Castañeda, 2014
** Dolichocercus Rehn & Hebard, 1914
** Oxyprorella Giglio-Tos, 1898
** Theia Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1891
** Theiella Cadena-Castañeda, 2014

### Scudderiini

Auth.: Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – Americas
* Aganacris Walker, 1871
* Caroliniella Cadena-Castañeda, 2015 (note: name conflict with Coleopteran)
* Ceraia Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1891
* Ceraiaella Hebard, 1933
* Ctenophorema Piza, 1967
* Euceraia Hebard, 1927
* Harroweria Hebard, 1927
* Homotoicha Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1891
* Inscudderia Caudell, 1921
* Ligocatinus Rehn, 1901
* Parascudderia Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1891
* Phanerocercus Piza, 1980
* Scudderia Stål, 1873
* Theudoria Stål, 1874
* Vellea Walker, 1869
* Zenirella Piza, 1973

### Steirodontini

Auth.: Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – subtropical and tropical parts of the Americas
* Cnemidophyllum Rehn, 1917
* Emsleyfolium Cadena-Castañeda, Mendes & Alves-Oliveira, 2016
* Nicklephyllum Cadena-Castañeda, 2016
* Steirodon Serville, 1831
* Stilpnochlora Stål, 1873

### Terpnistrini

Auth.: Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – Africa, Sri Lanka
* Diogena Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878
* Gelotopoia Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1891
* Terpnistria Stål, 1873
* Terpnistrioides Ragge, 1980
* Tropidophrys Karsch, 1896

### Trachyzulphini

Auth.: Gorochov, 2014 – China, Indochina, Malesia
* Trachyzulpha Dohrn, 1892

### Trigonocoryphini

Auth.: Bei-Bienko, 1954 – Middle East, India, Malaysia
* Cosmozoma Karsch, 1889
* Megotoessa Karsch, 1889
* Trigonocorypha Stål, 1873

### Tylopsidini

Auth.: Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – Africa, Europe, Middle East, western Asia
* Tylopsis Fieber, 1853

### Vossiini

Auth.: Cadena-Castañeda, 2015 – Africa, Asia
* Vossiina Cadena-Castañeda, 2015 – Africa
** Azamia Bolívar, 1906
** Vossia Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1891
* Xantiina Cadena-Castañeda, 2015 – Asia
** Paraxantia Liu & Kang, 2009 – China
** Xantia Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – Borneo

### Zeuneriini

Auth.: Karsh, 1890 - tropical Africa
* Gravenreuthia Karsch, 1892
* Zeuneria Karsch, 1889

### Genus groups

Genus groups include:
* Acridopezae Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – Australia
** Acripeza Guérin-Méneville, 1832
* Aegimiae Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – Central and South America
** Aegimia Stål, 1874
* Aniarae Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – South America, E. Africa
** Aniarella Bolívar, 1906
** Burgilis Stål, 1873
** Corymeta Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878
** Coryphoda Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878
** Hyperophora Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878
** Pseudoburgilis Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878
** Tetana Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878
* Centroferae Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – South America
** Centrofera Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878
* Cosmophylla Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – South America, Madagascar, Australia
** Cosmophyllum Blanchard, 1851
** Engonia Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878
** Marenestha Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878
** Ozphyllum Rentz, Su & Ueshima, 2007
** Paracosmophyllum Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1891
** Stenophyllia Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878
* Dysmorphae Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – Malesia
** Dysmorpha Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878
* Ephippithytae Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – Vietnam, Papua New Guinea, Australia
** Alectoria superba in monotypic Alectoria Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1879
** Caedicia Stål, 1874
** Currimundria Rentz, Su & Ueshima, 2008
** Diastella Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878
** Dicorypha Krauss, 1902
** Ephippitytha Serville, 1838
** Kurandoptera Rentz, Su & Ueshima, 2008
** Polichne Stål, 1874
** Protina Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1879
** Symmachis Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878
** Torbia Walker, 1869
* Eurypalpae Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – Eastern China, Vietnam, Sumatra, Australia
** Ceratopompa Karsch, 1890
** Zulpha Walker, 1870
* Isopserae Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – Eastern Africa, India, Indochina, Malesia
** Isopsera Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878
** Pelerinus Bolívar, 1906
** Pseudopyrrhizia Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1891
* Karschiae Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1891
** Karschia Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1891
* Leptoderae Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – Sri Lanka, Malesia
** Leptoderes Serville, 1838
* Pseudophaneropterae Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – Sri Lanka, Sumatra
** Pseudophaneroptera Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878
* Scambophylla Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – Indochina, Malesia
** Scambophyllum Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878
* Scaphurae Westwood, 1838 – South America
** Scaphura Kirby, 1825
* Taeniomenae Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – Australia
** Elephantodeta Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878
** Tinzeda Walker, 1869
* Turpiliae Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – Central America, Caribbean
** Turpilia Stål, 1874
** Turpiliodes Hebard, 1932

### Incertae sedis

These genera have not been placed in a tribe:
* Alloducetia Xia & Liu, 1992
* Anchispora Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1891
* Angustithorax Massa, 2015
* Anisotochra Karsch, 1889
* Anormalous Liu, 2011
* Aphroptera Bolívar, 1902
* Astathomima Karny, 1929
* Austrodontura Fontana & Buzzetti, 2004
* Balneum Piza, 1967
* Baryprostha Karsch, 1891
* Bertius Piza, 1974
* Bongeia Sjöstedt, 1902
* Brinckiella Chopard, 1955
* Brycoptera Ragge, 1981
* Bueacola Sjöstedt, 1912
* Chinensis Özdikmen, 2009
* Chloroscirtus Saussure & Pictet, 1897
* Choirorhynchus Piza, 1974
* Conversifastigia Liu & Kang, 2008
* Corycomima Karsch, 1896
* Diastellidea Bolívar, 1902
* Dicranopsyra Dohrn, 1892
* Ectomoptera Ragge, 1980
* Elbeniopsis Dohrn, 1906
* Enthephippion Bruner, 1915
* Ephippitythoidea Tepper, 1892
* Eulioptera Ragge, 1956
* Eulophophyllum Hebard, 1922
* Euryastes Ragge, 1980
* Euxenica Bruner, 1915
* Execholyrus Henry, 1940
* Gabonella Uvarov, 1940
* Gatunella Uvarov, 1940
* Gelatopoiidion Zacher, 1909
* Gregoryella Uvarov, 1925
* Harposcepa Karsch, 1896
* Indogneta Ingrisch & Shishodia, 2000
* Itokiia Sjöstedt, 1902
* Ivensia Bolívar, 1890
* Japygophana Carl, 1921
* Khaoyaiana Ingrisch, 1990
* Ladnea Walker, 1869
* Lunidia Hemp, 2010
* Macedna Karsch, 1891
* Materuana Hemp, 2017
* Meruterrana Sjöstedt, 1912
* Milititsa Burr, 1900
* Miltinobates Sjöstedt, 1902
* Mimoscudderia Carl, 1914
* Myllocentrum Ragge, 1962
* Natricia Walker, 1869
* Nesoscirtella Carl, 1914
* Niphella Bolívar, 1900
* Oxyecous Chopard, 1935
* Paracaedicia Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1891
* Parapelerinus Liu & Kang, 2008
* Paraphylloptera Carl, 1914
* Parapolichne Bolívar, 1902
* Phaneroptila Uvarov, 1957
* Physocorypha Karsch, 1896
* Platycaedicia Hebard, 1922
* Platylyra Scudder, 1898
* Polygamus Carl, 1914
* Procaedicia Bolívar, 1902
* Pronomapyga Rehn, 1914
* Pseudomacedna Liu, 2014
* Pseudopreussia Hemp, 2017
* Puerula Bolívar, 1906
* Qinlingea Liu & Kang, 2007
* Raggeiella Cadena-Castañeda, 2015
* Raggophyllum Nickle, 1967
* Sanabria Walker, 1869
* Scolocerca Ragge, 1980
* Semicarinata Liu & Kang, 2007
* Sikoriella Carl, 1914
* Stylomolpa Karny, 1926
* Sympaestroides Willemse, 1942
* Tamdaopteron Gorochov, 2005
* Tropidonotacris Chopard, 1954
* Female Eulophophyllum thaumasium
* Paracaedicia serrata