OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Boris Dumenko

Boris Mokeevich Dumenko (Russian: Борис Мокеевич Думенко) (1888 – 11 May 1920) was a Red Army commander during the Russian Civil War.

## Biography

Dumenko was born in the Don region and took an active part in the organization of the first Soviet cavalry units.
A sergeant at the end of World War I, he returned to the Don and took command of a small unit of Red Cossacks, with Semyon Budyonny as his deputy and assistant. In September 1918, he became commander of the 1st Cavalry Brigade and in December 1918 of the 1st Cavalry Division within the 10th Army. In January 1919, he became commander of the 4th Cavalry Division of Petrograd. In April 1919, he was appointed assistant Chief of Staff of the 10th Army for the Cavalry. On 25 May 1919, he was seriously wounded by a bullet in a lung and he was evacuated to Saratov. On 14 September 1919, he became commander of the newly created Cavalry Corps. Between September and December 1919, the Cavalry Corps won a series of battles and advanced over the Don Region towards the Caucasus. On 7 January 1920, it took Novocherkassk, the capital of the Don Army.

## Death

Despite the fact that Dumenko had joined the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks) in January 1920, the Political Department of the corps and higher political authorities accused him of encouraging anti-Bolshevik and anti-Semitic sentiments among the rank-and-file troopers, hampering the work of the military commissars, and insufficiently combating the robbery and drunkenness of the Red Army soldiers. In order to resolve the growing serious conflict between Dumenko and the political Department, a new military commissar, V.N. Mikeladze, was sent to the Cavalry Corps in December 1919, but was killed in February 1920 under unclear circumstances. The identity of the murderer was not established by the investigation. Despite this, Dumenko was arrested along with six of his closest assistants on charges of killing the military commissar and preparing a mutiny. The accusations came from Dmitry Zhloba, the commander of one of the brigades, military adviser G. Peskarev, and commissar Kravtsov. Dumenko's trial was presided over by Alexander Beloborodov.
Found guilty, Dumenko and three others were shot on 11 or 13 May 1920. The background of this execution is the conflict between Trotsky and Stalin. Dumenko was a supporter of Joseph Stalin, his successor Mikhail Tukhachevsky a nominee of Leon Trotsky. Dumenko had been highly critical on the policy of Lev Trotsky of having political commissaries control the Army commanders from the rearguard and not in combat.
Dumenko was rehabilitated in August 1964.
# Humaid Saqer Al-Qasimi

Humaid Saqer Al-Qasimi (Arabic: حميد بن صقر القاسمي) was a Member of the Sharjah Ruling Family Al-Qasimi (plural: Al Qawasem القواسم), one of the six ruling families of the United Arab Emirates and who ruled two of the seven emirates: Sharjah and Ras al-Khaimah.

## Death

On 1 September 2003, Sheikh Dr. Sultan bin Muhammad Al-Qasimi, Supreme Council Member and Ruler of Sharjah and Sheikh Saqr bin Mohammed al-Qasimi, Member of the Supreme Council Ruler of Ras Al-Khaimah received condolences for the death of Sheikh Humaid bin Saqr bin Humaid Al Qasimi.
On 15 September 2003, King Fahd bin Abdul Aziz sent a cable of condolence to Sheikh Sultan bin Muhammad Al-Qasimi, Member of the Supreme Council of the United Arab Emirates, Ruler of Sharjah and his family, expressing his sadness at the death of Sheikh Humaid bin Saqr bin Humaid Al Qasimi.
# Christopher Shaw (composer)

Christopher Shaw (30 July 1924 – 27 September 1995) was a British composer.
Shaw was born and lived in London, and studied at New College, Oxford, from 1942 through 1944 with R. O. Morris and Herbert Kennedy Andrews. He wrote principally choral music, of which the most notable example may be the cantata Peter and the Lame Man for soli, chorus and orchestra, recorded in 1976 by Argo Records along with three shorter pieces. He also wrote some music criticism and translated opera librettos. He died at Gatehouse of Fleet, Galloway, Scotland, aged 71.
# Dugure

Dugure (also written Duguri, Dkory or Dkora Arabic: دوكوري, Kurdish: Dugurê ,دوگورێ also known in Arabic as Hiteen) is a village located in the Sinjar District of the Ninawa Governorate in northern Iraq. The village is located north of the Sinjar Mount. It belongs to the disputed territories of Northern Iraq.
Dugure has exclusively Yazidi population.
# Ethmia thoraea

Ethmia thoraea is a moth belonging to the family Depressariidae. It is found in Australia, ranging from the north coast of Queensland to coastal New South Wales, with inland populations at Cunnamulla in Queensland, and Mount Kaputar in New South Wales.
The forewings are grey with black spots.
The larvae possibly feed on Cynoglossum australe.
# Michael Schäffer (lutenist)

Michael Schäffer (11 November 1937 – 7 September 1978) was a German lutenist.
He was a pioneer in the rediscovery of French Baroque lute works and concertized widely as soloist and with chamber ensembles.
Schäffer was born in Cologne. He received a musical education, as a violinist and violist, with his father Kurt Schäffer at the Robert Schumann Hochschule. His work as a guitarist generated an interest in the lute. His formal education took place at Staatliche Musikhochschule in Cologne where he majored in lute. His first academic appointment began in 1963 at Bergische Musikschule [de] in Wuppertal. In 1966 he was an original faculty member, lecturing on the lute, at the newly created Institute for Early music at Rheinische Musikschule [de]. Schäffer was one of the first to abandon "guitar technique" on the lute: he experimented with traditional lute techniques, and their expressive possibilities and implications: e.g. hand positioning, thumb-index alternation, etc.
He taught at the Hochschule für Musik Köln.
# Abd-Rabbo al-Barassi

Abd-Rabbo al-Barassi (Arabic: عبد ربّه البرعصي) is the self-declared head of the government of Barqa, the eastern half of Libya. Promoting a federalist agenda, he was appointed on 3 November 2013 in a meeting at Ajdabiya. The central government of Libya, located in Tripoli, does not recognize his authority or Barqa's autonomy.
# Ramin Guluzade

Ramin Namig oghlu Guluzade (Azerbaijani: Ramin Namiq oğlu Quluzadə) (born 1977 in Baku, Azerbaijan) is an Azerbaijani politician who serves as the Chief of Staff to the President of Azerbaijan since 2021. He has previously served as the Minister of Transport, Communications and High Technologies of the Republic of Azerbaijan from January 15, 2016 to January 26, 2021.

## Biography

Ramin Namiq oglu Guluzade was born in Baku city, Azerbaijan on February 1, 1977. After finishing school No.167 in Yasamal district, Baku city, in 1993, entered Azerbaijan State Economic Institute. In 1997, graduated from the institute, and in 1999 received master's degree from the said institute. Worked at Heydar Aliyev Foundation in 2005-2015. Awarded Tereggi (Progress) Medal in 2014, by order of the President of the Republic of Azerbaijan for his active participation in preserving and popularizing the nationwide leader Heydar Aliyev's heritage. Appointed First Deputy Minister of Communications and High Technologies by order of the President of the Republic of Azerbaijan dated November 25, 2015. He was appointed Minister of Communications and High Technologies of the Republic of Azerbaijan by order of President of the Republic of Azerbaijan dated January 15, 2016. He was relieved from his post on January 25, 2021. The next day, he was appointed the Head of the President's Administrative Services Department.
# Aynur Sofiyeva

Aynur Mammadiyya qizi Sofiyeva (Azerbaijani: Aynur Məmmədiyyə qızı Sofiyeva; born 19 July 1970) is an Azerbaijani politician and former chess player. She has been Deputy Chair of the State Committee for Family, Women and Children Affairs since 2007.

## Early life and education

Sofiyeva was born on 19 July 1970 in Qakh District. She graduated from Baku State University with a degree in journalism in 1991, and a degree in law in 2001.

## Chess player

Sofiyeva has played chess since 1974. She was district champion at age 6, and national and Soviet Union champion at 15. She won a gold medal al at the World Championships in 1990. She was the first international grandmaster in Azerbaijan and in the Islamic world. From 2002 until 2007 she served as President of the Azerbaijan Chess Federation.

## Career

Sofiyeva worked as a legal advisor at the Ministry of Labor and Social Protection of Population from 1998 until 2000. She was elected as a member of the National Assembly in 2000 for the New Azerbaijan Party representing the Sheki district, serving until 2005. She was a member of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe from 2004 until 2006.
In March 2007, she was appointed Deputy Chair of the State Committee on Family, Women and Children's Affairs, working to promote gender equality. In 2011, she proposed increasing the marriage age for Azerbaijani girls.

## Personal life

Sofiyeva is married to footballer and former national coach Yunis Hüseynov and they have two children.
# Medal for Merit (Romania)

The National Medal For Merit (Romanian: Medalia națională "Pentru Merit") is a state decoration which is part of the National System of Decorations of Romania. It is the sixth highest honour awarded by Romania ranking just behind the Medal of Faithful Service and ahead of the Order of the Victory of the Romanian Revolution of December 1989.

## Criteria and composition

The National Medal for Merit may be awarded to recognise important services rendered to Romania during peace or war. It is equivalent in importance and is awarded for similar achievements as the National Order for Merit, but is granted to those who lack higher education. The medal is limited to 7,200 living recipients across the first and second classes. There is no limit on the number of third class medals. Awards are limited by grade and division as follows:
* First Class medal, 2,000 civilian and 400 military
* Second Class medal, 4,000 civilian and 800 military
* Third Class medal, no limits
# Ebrahim Shehab

Ebrahim Shehab (Arabic: إبراهيم شهاب, born 20 January 1986) is a Kuwaiti footballer who is a midfielder for the Kuwaiti Premier League club Al Kuwait.
# Edward Williams (rower)

Edward Gordon Williams (20 July 1888 – 12 August 1915) was a British rower who competed in the 1908 Summer Olympics. He was killed in action during the First World War.
Williams was born at Honiton, Devon, and educated at Eton and Trinity College, Cambridge, where he was a member of the Pitt Club. He rowed for Cambridge in the Boat Race in 1908. The Cambridge crew made up a boat in the eights which won the bronze medal for Great Britain rowing at the 1908 Summer Olympics. He rowed for Cambridge in the Boat Race in 1909 and also in 1909 partnered Banner Johnstone to win the Silver Goblets at Henley Royal Regatta against Julius Beresford and Karl Vernon. He raced in the 1910 Boat Race.
Williams was appointed as a colonial administrator in North-Western Rhodesia. He then served in the First World War as a lieutenant with the Grenadier Guards. He was killed in action at age 27 near Béthune and was buried at St. Venant Communal Cemetery nearby.
# Now That's What I Call Music! 58

Now That's What I Call Music! 58 or Now 58 may refer to two volumes in Now That's What I Call Music! series albums, including
* Now That's What I Call Music! 58 (UK series)
* Now That's What I Call Music! 58 (U.S. series)
# Prithviraj Singh

Prithviraj Singh (1830 – 29 August 1875), commonly known as Prithvi Singh, was the Maharaj Rana of Jhalawar from 1845 until his death on 29 August 1875.

## Birth

He was born in 1830 to Madan Singh.

## Reign

When his father died in 1845, he succeeded him as the Maharaj Rana of Jhalawar at the age of fifteen. Owing to his minority, a Council of Regency comprising the old officials of the state was established to govern state affairs until he comes of age. During the Indian Rebellion of 1857, he rendered valuable service to the East India Company by providing protection to British officers and by ensuring the safety of several Europeans who had taken refuge in his district. Tatya Tope, after his defeat at the Banas River, arrived at Jhalrapatan in Jhalawar. Prithviraj's troops sided with the rebels, and Tatya took possession of Prithviraj's approximately 30 guns, ammunition, and horses, and surrounded the palace. Rebels halted at Jhalrapatan for five days and forced Prithviraj to give them Rs. 1,500,000, after which he fled to Mhow to save his life. Seeing this, the Government remitted his tribute for that year. He was granted the Sanad of Adoption in 1862.

### Land for railway

In 1866, he agreed to transfer land to the government free of cost to build a railway. He relinquished most control over the land, except for his sovereign rights, and also surrendered the right to levy transit duties on goods passing through his area.

### Coinage

Coins of his father, Madan Singh, bore the name and title of the Mughal emperor Bahadur Shah II, and he continued this practice until the Indian Rebellion of 1857. However, in 1857, he issued a new series of silver coins in his state that bore the inscription Malika-i-Mua’zzama Victoria Badishah-i-Inglistan, which translates to Queen Victoria, the exalted monarch of England. It is believed he was the first among Indian rulers to replace the name of the Mughal emperor on his coins.

## Personal life
### Character

He had a good nature, a happy disposition, and was very popular with his subjects. But several of his ministers took advantage of his good nature and easy-going disposition, gaining control of the state treasury, which resulted in the state becoming heavily indebted.

### Children

He had no children of his own, so he adopted Bakht Singh, who later renamed himself Zalim Singh II, from Wadhwan and was related to him in the ninth degree.

## Death

He died on 29 August 1875, but the question of who would succeed him remained unanswered for some time due to the rumored pregnancy of his widow. However, as no child was born to her, he was succeeded by Zalim Singh II, his adoptive son, on 1 June 1876.
# Sambalpur–Rayagada Intercity Express

The 18301 / 02 Intercity Express is an Express train belonging to Indian Railways East Coast Railway zone that runs between Sambalpur Junction and Rayagada in India.
It operates as train number 18301 from Sambalpur Junction to Rayagada and as train number 18302 in the reverse direction serving the states of Odisha.

## Coaches

The 18301 / 02 Intercity Express has eight general unreserved & two SLR (seating with luggage rake) coaches . It does not carry a pantry car coach.
As is customary with most train services in India, coach composition may be amended at the discretion of Indian Railways depending on demand.

## Service

The 18301 Sambalpur Junction - Rayagada Intercity Express covers the distance of 323 km (201 mi) in 7 hours 00 mins (46 km/h) and in 6 hours 10 mins as the 18302 Rayagada - Sambalpur Junction Intercity Express (52 km/h).
As the average speed of the train is lower than 55 km/h (34 mph), as per railway rules, its fare doesn't includes a Superfast surcharge.

## Routing

The 18301 / 02 Intercity Express runs from Sambalpur Junction via Titlagarh Junction to Rayagada.

## Traction

As the route is completely electrified, a Visakhapatnam based electric locomotive WAG 5A which pulls the train to its destination. It was the first train to get permanentE-Linkin Sambalpur-Titlagarh section
# Mendri Ghumar

The Mendri Ghumar Waterfalls (Hindi: मेंद्री घूमर) is a seasonal and natural waterfall located at around 44 kilometres (27 mi) to the west of Jagdalpur, in Bastar district in the Indian state of Chhattisgarh. It is very close to Chitrakote and Tamda Ghumar Waterfalls.

## Topography

Mendri Ghumar Waterfall is located in the middle of Chitrakote Falls, Tirtha and Barasur and situated in Jagdalpur. The height of the fall is almost 70 meters with a lush green surrounding and eye-catching places. The interesting part is that the Mendri Ghumar Waterfall forms its best during the rainy seasons. The water collected from the rains, continuously flows through the hill thus making it an eye-catching waterfall. It is surrounded by lush green forest on both its sides, making it one of the most well-liked ecotourism destinations in the state.
The Mendri Ghumar Waterfall has its own versions, during the summer and monsoons. The waterfall over flows during the monsoons, wherein the water gushes slowly and calmly during the summers.
# Montluel

Montluel (French pronunciation: ; Arpitan: Montluèl) is a commune in the Ain department in eastern France.
It is situated on the outskirts of Lyon. The inhabitants are known as Montluistes.

## Personalities

* Claude André [fr] (1743-1818), Catholic Bishop of Quimper
* André d'Arbelles (1767–1825), younger brother of the above, journalist and historiographer
* Pierre-Dominique Ségaud (1784–1821), writer and lawyer
* Joseph Crétin (1799-1857), Catholic Bishop of Saint Paul, Minnesota
* Paul Magaud (1805-?), botanist
* Jules Gros (1829–1891), journalist and President of the unrecognised Republic of Independent Guyana.
* Pierre Cormorèche [fr] (1924–1999), politician
# Meadia abyssalis

Meadia abyssalis, the abyssal cutthroat eel, is an eel in the family Synaphobranchidae (cutthroat eels). It was described by Toshiji Kamohara in 1938. It is a marine, deep water-dwelling eel which is known from the Indo-Pacific, including Brazil, the Hancock Seamount, the Hawaiian and Society islands, Japan, Mauritius, and Réunion. It is found off the continental slope, and dwells at a depth range of 100–329 metres. Males can reach a maximum total length of 73 centimetres.
# Martina Mayne

Martina Thomson, stage name Martina Mayne, (c. 1925–2013) was a German actress, art therapist, poet and translator, active in England. In 2009 she produced the first published translation into English of the work of the German poet Paula Ludwig.

## Early life and family

Martina Thomson was born Martina Schulof in Berlin around 1925 to Austrian parents. She was educated at the Rudolf Steiner school there but travelled to London with her family just before the start of the Second World War where her uncle, George Hoellering, worked at the Academy Cinema in Oxford Street. She was evacuated to the Cotswolds during the war and afterwards trained as an actor at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art.
Her first marriage was short. In 1964 she married, secondly, the BBC sound producer David Thomson with whom she had three sons, Tim, Luke and Ben. She had eight grandchildren and a great-grandchild at the time of her death.

## Career

Under the stage name of Martina Mayne, she acted in radio plays produced for the BBC by her husband and often played foreign roles in England and English ones on German radio. In 1952 she appeared on the panel for One Minute Please, the forerunner to the BBC's long-running Just a Minute. She later provided voices for erotic films. In 1967 she appeared with Quentin Crisp as Marcella in the short surrealist film Captain Busby The Even Tenour of Her Ways based on a poem by Philip O'Connor.
In the 1970s, she trained as an art therapist under E. M. Lyddiatt and in 1989 wrote On Art and Therapy. Her poetry was published in magazines and collected in Ferryboats in 2007. In 2009 she produced the first published translation into English of the work of the German expressionist poet Paula Ludwig, whom she remembered visiting her parents' home in Berlin.

## Death

Mayne died from pneumonia in 2013 at the age of 88 after suffering from bone cancer.

## Selected roles

* I'm a Stranger – Mary (1952)
* "The Case of the Greystone Inscription" – Millicent Channing (1955)
* Captain Busby The Even Tenour of Her Ways – Marcella (1967) - starring Quentin Crisp

## Selected publications

* On art and therapy: An exploration. Virago, 1989. ISBN 978-1-85381-045-9
* Ferryboats. Hearing Eye, London, 2007. (Torriano Meeting House Poetry Pamphlet) ISBN 978-1-905082-36-0
* Panther and gazelle: Poems of Paula Ludwig. Hearing Eye, London, 2012. (Translator) ISBN 978-1-905082-67-4
* My life, you see. Hearing Eye, London, 2022. ISBN 978-1-905082-79-7
# Arnavut ciğeri

Arnavut ciğeri (literally "Albanian liver") is a Turkish dish made of oil-fried lamb or veal liver cubes seasoned with hot pepper, served traditionally with onion and parsley.

## Etymology

The word Arnavut (Albanian) is part of a dish in Istanbul cuisine known as Arnavut ciğeri (Albanian liver).

## History

The origins of Arnavut ciğeri lie in the fifteenth century and the aftermath of wars in what became the Ottoman Balkans (Rumelia) and the immigration of Albanians to the Istanbul region. People traveling from the Balkans to Ottoman Anatolia imparted their influences on the area such as Albanians who became employed as mobile sellers of raw liver. In the late 17th century, Albanians were noted by Ottoman traveler Evliya Çelebi as being butchers in Istanbul originating from Ohrid, Korçë and Hurupişte (modern Argos Orestiko) selling lamb meat cuts like liver, heart and kidneys. The dish Arnavut ciğeri became part of Turkish cuisine during the Ottoman period, when Ottomans assimilated culinary traditions from peoples they encountered and merged them with their own cuisine, cooking practices and customs.
# Fyrish Monument

The Fyrish Monument is a monument built in 1782 on Fyrish Hill (Scottish Gaelic: Cnoc Fhaoighris), in Fyrish in Evanton, near Alness, Easter Ross, Scotland, on the orders of Sir Hector Munro, 8th of Novar, a native lord of the area who had served in India as a general. As the local population were being cleared off the land they had worked for centuries by the Lords of the Land, survival was a problem and so it was built to keep the locals in labour. It was said that Sir Hector rolled stones from the top of the hill to the bottom, thereby extending the amount of time worked and paying the labourers for additional hours.
It represents the Gate of Negapatam, a port in Madras, India, which General Munro took for the British in 1781. It is visible from almost anywhere in the parishes of Kiltearn and Alness.
The site of the monument provides an extensive view over the Cromarty Firth and beyond, and Ben Wyvis can be seen clearly, especially impressive if snow-covered. A path to the top starts at a car park northeast of the hill at OS grid NH627715.
# Jean-François Sénécal

Jean-François Sénécal (born 29 June 1961) is a Canadian sports shooter. He competed at the 1984, 1988, 1992 and the 1996 Summer Olympics.
# Cardiff Fire

The Cardiff Fire (Welsh: Tân Caerdydd) are an ice hockey team based in Cardiff, Wales. They currently play in the NIHL South Division 1. The Cardiff Fire are a minor league affiliate of the Cardiff Devils of the Elite Ice Hockey League.

## Season-by-season record

| Season | League | GP | W | T | L | OTW | OTL | Pts. | Rank | Post Season |
| 2015–2016 | NIHL 2 | 14 | 9 | 4 | 1 | - | - | 23 | 1st | Final Loss |
| 2016–2017 | NIHL 2 | 14 | 14 | 0 | 0 | - | - | 32 | 1st | Semi-Final Loss |
| 2017–2018 | NIHL 1 | 32 | 0 | - | 29 | 0 | 2 | 3 | 9th | Did not make playoffs |
| 2018-2019 | NIHL 2 | 27 | 12 | - | 13 | 1 | 0 | 29 | 8th | Did not make playoffs |
| 2019-2020 | NIHL 1 | 36 | 6 | - | 28 | 2 | 1 | 12 | 9th | Playoffs Cancelled |
| 2021-2022 | NIHL 2 | 27 | 0 | - | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | *th | Semi-Final loss |
# Emerald Towers

Emerald Towers (Kazakh: Asyl tas; Russian: Изумрудный квартал) is a building complex consisting of three office towers of 54, 43 and 37 floors in Astana, Kazakhstan. They were the tallest building in Astana until the completion of the Abu Dhabi Plaza. The building is mostly used as a business centre with office spaces, gym and food zones. The construction of Emerald Towers was completed in 2010.