OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# North Korea–Rwanda relations

North Korea–Rwanda relations (Korean: 르완다-조선민주주의인민공화국 관계) refers to the current and historical relationship between North Korea and Rwanda. Neither country maintains an embassy in their respective capitals.
During the Cold War, most Rwandan governments were deeply anti-communist. Despite this, the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK, commonly known as North Korea) maintained friendly relations with the country, and provided developmental aid. One example of this is the deployment of a North Korean team in 1978 and 1979, to help start up Asian carp-based aquaculture in Rwanda.
Some members of the Rwandan Patriotic Front may have received military training in North Korea in the 1980s while serving in the Ugandan military, according to Ugandan press reports cited by Ogenga Otunnu.
Paul Kagame, a long-time rebel leader, eventually came to power in 2000. Following the 2010 presidential election in Rwanda, which saw a victory for Kagame with 93% of the vote, the North Korean government issued a communique congratulating the President on his victory.
Among the items featured in the International Friendship Exhibition, a museum hosting gifts presented by foreign dignitaries to Kim Il Sung and Kim Jong Il, are a large set of traditional Rwandan spears.
# Vladimir Bolotin

Vladimir Vasilyevich Bolotin (Russian: Владимир Васильевич Болотин; March 29, 1926 in Tambov – May 28, 2008 in Moscow) was a Soviet and Russian physicist in the field of solid mechanics, Doctor of Sciences, Distinguished Professor at the Moscow Power Engineering Institute, Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences (since 1992), Academician of the Russian Academy of Architecture and Construction Sciences (since 1993), Honorary Member of the Russian Academy of Engineering, Foreign Member of the United States National Academy of Engineering (since 1996). Laureate of the 1985 USSR State Prize and of the 2000 State Prize of the Russian Federation.
He graduated from the Russian University of Transport in 1948. In 1950, he defended his Candidate's Dissertation. In 1952, he defended his doctoral dissertation.
He started working at the Moscow Power Engineering Institute in 1953. From 1958 to 1996, Vladimir Bolotin headed the Department of Dynamics and Durability of Machines.
He was elected a corresponding member of the Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union in 1974.
He was awarded the Order of Lenin. In 1999, he was awarded the Alfred M. Freudenthal Medal (American Society of Civil Engineers).
Bolotin is the author of over 350 published scientific papers, including 25 monographs.
# Municipio XII

Municipio XII is an administrative subdivision of the city of Rome. It was first created by Rome's City Council on 19 January 2001 and it has a president who is elected during the mayoral elections.
Originally called Municipio XVI, since 11 March 2013 its borders were modified and its name became Municipio XII.

## Subdivision

Municipio XII is divided into 7 urban zones:
| Locality | Inhabitants 31 December 2010 |
| 16a Colli Portuensi | 36,970 |
| 16b Buon Pastore | 31,628 |
| 16c Pisana | 3,932 |
| 16d Gianicolense | 56,214 |
| 16e Massimina | 8,093 |
| 16f Pantano di Grano | 5,112 |
| 16x Villa Pamphili | 374 |
| Not localized | 660 |

## Politics

Current allocation of seats in the Municipio XII's parliamentary body as of the 2013 Rome municipal election:
* Democratic Party (PD) 14
* People of Freedom (PdL) 4
* Left Ecology Freedom 2
* Five Star Movement (M5S) 2
* Others 3
In May 2013 Cristina Maltese (PD) was elected president. The current majority is formed by Democratic Party and Left Ecology Freedom.
# Susolovo

Susolovo (Russian: Сусолово) is a rural locality (a village) in Staroselskoye Rural Settlement, Vologodsky District, Vologda Oblast, Russia. The population was 26 as of 2002.

## Geography

Susolovo is located 28 km southwest of Vologda (the district's administrative centre) by road. Sokolnikovo is the nearest rural locality.
# Bennet Birnie Rae

Bennet Birnie Rae FRSE (1906–1998) was a 20th century marine zoologist specialising in the diet of fish.

## Early life and career

He was born in Aberdeenshire in 1906 into a family of six children, including William Lorimer Rae (1892–1970) the son of Christian and John Rae.
In 1933, he began working for the Fishery Board for Scotland.
He rose to be Assistant Director of the Marine Laboratory at Aberdeen.

## Family

He married Sophia Hutchison Kennedy around 1935.

## Publications

* Description of a Giant Squid stranded near Aberdeen (1950)
* The Food of the Megrim (1963)
* The Lemon Sole (1965)
* The Food of Cod in Icelandic Waters (1968)
* The Food of Seals in Scottish Waters (1968)
* The Food of Cormorants and Shags (1969)
* The Food of the Witch (1969)
* The Distribution of Flatfishes in Scottish and Adjacent Water (1971)
* The Cod-Worm Problem in the North Sea (1972)
# Kildonan Gold Rush

The Kildonan Gold Rush was a gold rush in the Strath of Kildonan, Sutherland, in the Highlands of Scotland in 1869. Small amounts of gold had long been discovered in the Kildonan area. A nugget with enough material for a ring was discovered in 1818. Public interest was sparked, and a gold rush started, following a newspaper announcement in 1868 of the results of Robert Nelson Gilchrist's more systematic search for gold. The gold rush proper began in January 1869. At this stage those searching for gold stayed in Helmsdale or more ad hoc accommodation near the Kildonan burn including the old Kildonan Church.
Two small towns, Baile an Or (Scottish Gaelic: Baile an Òir "town of gold") and Carn na Buth (Scottish Gaelic: Càrn nam Bùth "hill of huts") were built to accommodate the prospectors. However, the gold rush ended by 1870, as the Duke of Sutherland ended it due to a conflict of interest with deer stalkers.
# Chona

The Chona (Russian: Чона; Yakut: Чуона, Çuona) is a river in the Sakha Republic (Yakutia) and Irkutsk Oblast, Russia. It is a right hand tributary of the Vilyuy, and is 802 kilometres (498 mi) long, with a drainage basin of 40,600 square kilometres (15,700 sq mi).
The Russian Geographical Society organized an expedition in 1853–55 to survey the orography, geology and population of the Vilyuy and Chona basins.

## Course

The river begins in the Lena Plateau, part of the Central Siberian Plateau, at an elevation of 317 metres (1,040 ft). It flows roughly northeastwards forming rapids which make the river not navigable. The lowest 170 km (110 mi) of its course were flooded by the Vilyuy Reservoir after the Vilyuy Dam was built in 1967. The river freezes between October and late May.
The main tributaries of the Chona are the 362 kilometres (225 mi) long Vakunayka and the 105 kilometres (65 mi) long Ichoda on the right, and the 158 kilometres (98 mi) long Dekinde, the 122 kilometres (76 mi) long Delinde and the 109 kilometres (68 mi) long Markhaya on the left. There are no permanent settlements by the Chona.
* The T-shaped Chona-Vilyuy River system with the Chona in the lower left.
# Arifin C. Noer

Arifin Chairin Noer (10 March 1941 – 28 May 1995) was an Indonesian poet, theater director and film producer.

## Biography

He studied Civil Administration at Cokroaminoto University [id] in Yogyakarta, Central Java and began his theatrical career in the early 1960s as an actor in a study group in Central Java with W.S. Rendra. After finishing his degree in 1967, he moved to Jakarta and founded Teater Kecil (Little Theater), a laboratory where he and other actors could experiment using the workshop model, emphasizing the whole person, as introduced by W.S. Rendra, but Noer was focused on the practical aspect of cultivating acting skills. According to the Columbia Encyclopedia of Modern Drama, he was a prolific playwright and director from the 1970s until his death in 1995, directing all of his original plays including his best-known work, Kapai-Kapai ("Reaching Out"; translated as "Moths" in English) in 1970.
His screenplays have won numerous awards, including Pemberang, which won the Golden Harvest trophy for Best Dialogue at the Film Festival Asia (FFA) in 1972, Rio Anakku (1973), Melawan Badai (1974), Pengkhianatan G30S/PKI (1984), and Taksi (1990) which received Citra awards at the Indonesian Film Festival (FFI). Translations of his plays have appeared in several languages, including English, French, Swedish and Chinese.
In 1972–73, he participated in the Iowa Writers' Workshop, an international writing program in the United States.
He received the S.E.A. Write Award in 1990. Two years later, his film Bibir Mer (Mer's Lips) was submitted for consideration as the Indonesian entry for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film.
His most notable poetry works include Selamat Pagi Jajang (1979) and a collection of poetry published after his death, Nyanyian Sepi (1995).

## Selected written works

* Noer, Arifin (1966). Mega, mega : sandiwara tiga bagian. Pasar Minggu, Jakarta: Pustaka Firdaus. ISBN 979-541-118-7.
* Noer, Arifin (1992). The bottomless well : a play in four acts. Jakarta: Lontar Foundation. ISBN 979-8083-10-5.
* Noer, Arifin (1995). Good morning, Jajang. Singapore: Dept. of Malay Studies, National University of Singapore. ISBN 978-9971-62-387-6.
* Noer, Arifin (2000). Orkes madun, atawa, Madekur dan tarkeni ; Umang-umang ; Sandek pemuda pekerja ; Ozone ; Magma. Jakarta: Pustaka Firdaus. ISBN 979-541-119-5.
* Noer, Arifin C., ed. (2000). Ideologi teater modern kita. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Gondho Suli. ISBN 979-9443-00-8.

## Selected filmography

* Rio Anakku (Rio, My Child; 1973)
* Melawan Badai (Fighting the Storm; 1974)
* Suci Sang Primadona (Suci the Prima Donna; 1977)
* Petualang-Petualang (Wanderings; 1978)
* Yuyun Pasien Rumah Sakit Jiwa (Yuyun in the Mental Hospital; 1979)
* Harmonikaku (My Harmonica; 1979)
* Serangan Fajar (Dawn Attack; 1981)
* Djakarta 1966 (1982; released 1988)
* Pengkhianatan G30S/PKI – 1984
* Matahari Matahari (The Sun; 1985)
* Biarkan Bulan Itu (Let the Moon...; 1986)
* Taksi (Taxi; 1990)
* Bibir Mer (Mer's Lips; 1991)
* Tasi oh Tasi (1992)
# Khusrabad

Khusrabad (Persian: خوسراباد) may refer to:
* Khusrabad, Isfahan
* Khusrabad, South Khorasan
# Balloon-carried light effect

A balloon-carried light effect is a special effect carried by a balloon, which can be fixed with a rope to the ground or free-flying. They are commonly misidentified as "Unidentified Flying Objects" by members of public.

## Uses

Balloon-carried light effects can be used without safety concerns at events with a lot of people, because unlike fireworks they do not require the use of flammable substances. The brightness is much lower, when non-dangerous light sources such as lightsticks or battery-powered lamps are used.
Balloon-carried light effects cannot replace fireworks, but supplement them, because of their long lighting time (if lightsticks or battery powered lamps are used) and because of their inherent safety. To realise a balloon-carried light effect, one or more balloons are used, capable of carrying a lightstick or a small battery powered lamp. Further it is possible to insert one or two small lightsticks into a transparent balloon.
It is also possible for larger balloon-carried light effects to use tethered balloons, which also can contain an electric cable power supply: these 'artificial moons' may be used for floodlighting.

## Open-air concert use

Balloon-carried light effects are sometimes used on open-air concerts and similar events. For film and event use, balloons are offered as suspended air-filled or tethered floating helium-filled. The latter for outdoors uses a 2-meter diameter balloon and 4 1000 Watt halogen tungsten lights inside, rising up about 10 m and withstanding only calm winds.
Other uses included fixed or pole balloons, spread like an umbrella, the upper half reflective coated, the lower half semi-opaque, light construction sites on highways, or accident sites in case of emergency.
# Nasrabad-e Pasha

Nasrabad-e Pasha (Persian: نصرابادپاشا, also Romanized as Naşrābād-e Pāshā; also known as Naşrābād) is a village in Fathabad Rural District, in the Central District of Qasr-e Shirin County, Kermanshah Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 89, in 19 families.
# Francis Charles Fraser

Francis Charles Fraser CBE FRS (16 June 1903 – 21 October 1978) was a Scottish zoologist, one of the world's leading authorities on cetacea (whales and dolphins). He worked at the British Museum (Natural History) from 1933 to 1969.

## Life

He was born at Dingwall, Ross-shire, the son of James Fraser, master saddler and blacksmith, and Barbara Anne Macdonald. He was educated at Dingwall Academy and the University of Glasgow.
Following a brief period as demonstrator in the department of geology at the University of Glasgow, Fraser worked from 1925-33 as a zoologist for the British government's Discovery Committee, investigating whale stocks around the Falkland Islands.
In 1933 Fraser started as assistant keeper in the department of zoology at the British Museum (Natural History), soon specialising in whale research. He was responsible for the 1938 installation of the blue whale model in the museum's whale hall. With the exception of a period during the Second World War working for the Admiralty, he continued to work on whales for the entirety of his career at the museum, continuing his research after retirement in 1969, with work on whale strandings on the British coast and notable research on the hearing of marine mammals. He served as Keeper of Zoology between 1957 and 1964 and was made CBE in 1962 and a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1966. He was awarded the Polar Medal in 1942.
Fraser's dolphin and Fraser Point are named in his honour.
# Stela Grigoraș

Stela Grigoraș (born 15 August 1968) is a Moldovan politician. She served as Minister of Labour, Social Protection and Family from January 2016 and July 2017 and Minister of Health, Labour and Social Protection from July to December 2017, both in the cabinet of Prime Minister Pavel Filip.

## Early life and education

Grigoraș was born in Chişinău on 15 August 1968. She graduated from the Nicolae Testemițanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, with a degree in paediatrics. In 1998, she was awarded a diploma in postgraduate medicine in Tel Aviv University of medicine. In 2002, she took a course in social work at the University of Östersund in Sweden. Later, she studied social policies, obtaining the title of Doctor of Sociology, at the Institute of Philosophy, Sociology and Law, at the Academy of Sciences of Moldova.

## Professional and political career

Prior to entering the political arena, Grigoraș worked in the medical field, having the qualification of paediatrician and in the social field, being the president of the public association "Partnerships for every child". Within this organization, it has implemented numerous projects focused on reforming the social protection system by reorganizing the residential childcare system, developing social services and promoting the right of every child to grow up in the family. In November 2015, she was elected President of the International Foster Care Organization.
Grigoraș was appointed Minister of Labour, Social Protection and Family in January 2016. In July 2017, she was appointed Minister of Health, Labour and Social Protection.

## Awards and recognition

Grigoraș is a doctor in sociology and the holder of the "Civic Merit" medal for the active promotion of children's rights. She is the only woman in Moldova who has been invited to speak at the House of Lords in the United Kingdom to raise awareness among British lawmakers about the need to support disadvantaged children in Moldova and their families.

## Personal life

Grigoraș is married and has 3 children.
# John Bell (footballer, born 1901)

John Barr Bell (5 April 1901 – 31 May 1973) was an English footballer who played as a winger.

## Club career

A doctor by trade, Bell played football professionally with Chelsea in the early 1920s, between spells in Scotland with Queen's Park and Hamilton Academical.
# Pavel Feldt

Pavel Emilyevich Feldt (Russian: Павел Эмильевич Фельдт; 1905–1960) was a Soviet conductor and composer. Working for the Kirov Theater he conducted several ballet premieres including Shostakovich's The Limpid Stream and Khachaturian's Gayane.
He studied at the Petrograd-Leningrad Conservatory where Shostakovich was a fellow student. He became a ballet conductor at MALEGOT and later at the Kirov Theater in Leningrad. He conducted the premiere of The Limpid Stream in 1935. In 1942, while the company was evacuated in Perm following the German invasion of Russia, he conducted the premiere of Khachaturian's Gayane. He also conducted the first production of Khachaturian's ballet, Spartacus, in 1956.
# Cheshmeh-ye Sang Band

Cheshmeh-ye Sang Band (Persian: چشمه سنگ بند) may refer to:
* Cheshmeh-ye Sang Band (1)
* Cheshmeh-ye Sang Band (2)
# Semigory

Semigory (Russian: Семигоры) is a rural locality (a village) in Kubenskoye Rural Settlement, Vologodsky District, Vologda Oblast, Russia. The population was 12 as of 2002.

## Geography

Semigory is located 46 km northwest of Vologda (the district's administrative centre) by road. Ilekino is the nearest rural locality.
# Kala Gujran railway station

Kala Gujran Railway Station (Urdu and Punjabi: کالا گجراں ریلوے اسٹیشن) is located in Kala Gujran village, Jhelum district of Punjab province, Pakistan.
# Norman Boyd Kinnear

Sir Norman Boyd Kinnear CB (11 August 1882 – 11 August 1957) was a Scottish zoologist and ornithologist.

## Early life

Kinnear was the younger son of wealthy Edinburgh architect Charles George Hood Kinnear and his wife, Jessie Jane, and came from the same banking family (Thomas Kinnear & Company) as Sir William Jardine (Kinnear's great-grandfather).
Kinnear studied at Edinburgh Academy before moving to Trinity College, Glenalmond. He worked as an assistant in an estate in Lanarkshire before he followed his interest in natural history and volunteered at the Royal Scottish Museum with W. Eagle Clarke in 1905–1907. He joined Eagle Clarke to Fair Isle. In 1907, he went aboard a whaling ship around Greenland to collect bird specimens.

## Career

On a recommendation by William Eagle Clarke, he went to India to become curator of the museum of the Bombay Natural History Society (BNHS), a position he held from 1 November 1907 to November 1919. He was also assistant editor of the Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society.
In 1913, he married Gwendolen Beatrice Millard, daughter of Edinburgh physician William Wright Millard, a relative of Walter Samuel Millard at the BNHS.
He helped the BNHS organize its survey of Indian mammals which were begun around 1911. When the First World War broke out, he attempted to join the Indian army. He served briefly in the Bombay volunteer rifles and as an intelligence officer in the defense of Bombay port between 1915 and 1919.
During this time, he prepared a booklet on the animals of Mesopotamia.

## Natural History Museum

In 1920 he returned to Britain and became an assistant in the Department of Zoology at the Natural History Museum, becoming Keeper of Zoology in 1945.
Aged 65 in August 1947, then the normal age of retirement, the trustees decided to appoint Kinnear as director of the museum. He was appointed a CB in 1948. He retired on 30 April 1950 and was knighted in June of that year.

## Board memberships and other activities

Kinnear was editor of the Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club from 1925 to 1930 and president of the British Ornithologists' Union (which he joined when he was 20) from 1943 to 1948. He was a member of the International Council for Bird Preservation from 1935 and was involved in the drafting of the Protection of Birds Act of 1954. He served on the Councils of the National Trust and the Zoological Society. He was a fellow of the Linnean Society of London. He had a great interest in the writings of the naturalists on the voyages of James Cook. Kinnear was one of the founders of the Society for the History of Natural History. He wrote two papers in the Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society on the history of Indian ornithology and mammalology. He edited editions of the Popular Handbook of Indian Birds written by Hugh Whistler after the death of its author.

## Death

He died on his 75th birthday at his home on Burghey Road, Wimbledon.
# PGU

PGU may refer to:
* First Chief Directorate (Russian: Первое главное управление, Pervoye glavnoye upravleniye), the foreign operations division of the KGB in the Soviet Union
* Peninsula Gas Utilisation, a 1,700-kilometre pipeline in Malaysia
* Perm State University (Russian: Пермский государственный университет, Permskiy gosudarstvennyy universitet), a university in Russia
* Persian Gulf Airport, an airport in ‘Asalūyeh, Iran; IATA code PGU
* Persian Gulf University, a public university in Būshehr, Iran
* Phillips Graduate University, a graduate school in Los Angeles, California
* WPGU, a college radio station at the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, United States
# Democratic Party of the Friendly Islands

The Democratic Party of the Friendly Islands (Tongan: Paati Temokalati ʻa e ʻOtu Motu ʻAngaʻofa) is a political party in Tonga. The party's leader at its foundation was 'Akilisi Pohiva.
The party was launched in September 2010, and included several sitting People's Representatives who were part of the Human Rights and Democracy Movement. Its objectives upon foundation included government transparency and economic reform.
The "Friendly Islands" are a name originally given to Tonga by Captain James Cook.

## 2010 elections

The party contested all 17 people's seats in the 2010 elections, winning 12 of them. Following the election, it secured the support of one independent and was seeking the support of two others – 'Aisake Valu Eke and Sunia Fili – by offering them cabinet posts.
Following the elections, Niuas MP Sosefo Fe’aomoeata Vakata reportedly quit the party to become an independent and support a noble candidate as Prime Minister.
# Eye Priory

Eye Priory was a Benedictine Priory dedicated to St Peter in the town of Eye in the English county of Suffolk. It was founded by Robert Malet c. 1080, and was originally an Alien Priory dependent on Bernay Abbey in Normandy. It became independent in 1385 by charter of Richard II when it could support only 3-4 monks. It was finally dissolved in 1537 as part of the Dissolution of the Monasteries, with the lands being given to Charles Brandon, 1st Duke of Suffolk.
Only the 15th/16th century 'gatehouse' now survives, in use as a barn. It is a Grade II listed building. During excavations, a 9th-century seal-die of Bishop Aethelwold (845-70) was found. Excavations in 1926 demonstrated that the church and claustral buildings were a replica of the mother-house. The church had an aisled nave with apsidal chancel and apsidal side chapels adjoining. The transepts also had apsidal chapels. The claustral buildings were arranged to the north, the cloister being 90 feet square. The site is scheduled as an ancient monument.
# Qarah Su-ye Gharbi Rural District

Qarah Su-ye Gharbi Rural District (Persian: دهستان قره‌سو غربی) is in Si Joval District of Torkaman County, Golestan province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Niazabad.

## History

After the 2006 National Census, villages were separated from the Central District in the establishment of Si Joval District, and Qarah Su-ye Gharbi Rural District was created in the new district.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2011 census, the rural district's population was 7,266 in 1,765 households. The 2016 census measured the population of the rural district as 7,816 in 2,054 households. The most populous of its three villages was Si Joval (now a city), with 3,747 people.