OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Liden Kirsten

Liden Kirsten (Little Kirsten), Op. 44, is an opera in two acts by Johan Peter Emilius Hartmann with a Danish libretto by Hans Christian Andersen. It premiered on 12 May 1846 at the Royal Danish Theatre in Copenhagen but was only a success after being reworked from one to two acts for the 1858–59 season.

## Background

When Hans Christian Andersen came to Rome in 1833, he brought with him a collection of medieval Danish folk songs (folkeviser) of which especially Hr. Sverkel would inspire him to write a dramatic play. In January 1835 he had finally completed the libretto to a Singspiel entitled Liden Kirsten. Andersen handed the play over to the Royal Theatre and it was his intention that some of the songs should be performed to traditional folk melodies. It was criticized for suffering from "emptiness, thinness and dramatic poverty" but was all the same accepted. It was then handed over to the composer Ivar Bredal who was supposed to find and arrange the suitable folk melodies but never completed the work.
Around ten years later, Andersen searched for a subject for an opera for his friend J. P. E. Hartmann. From February through August–September 1844, he adapted Liden Kirsten into an opera in one act. He was then ready to show the result to Hartmann. It was in October handed over to the Royal Theatre where it was once again received with some skepticism. Johan Ludvig Heiberg commented that "there is no real plot but the situation is romantic and it has a certain poetic air about it which, accompanied by the music (if it is successful), may have a considerable appeal".
Hartmann began working on the music in the spring of 1845 but delayed its completion. In October, Hartmann explained to Andersen that he would like the Jenny Lind euphoria after her successful performances in Copenhagen to calm down before the premiere of their play. At Christmas time, Jonas Collin could finally inform Andersen, who was in Berlin, that the music for the overture had been completed.
Liden Kirsten finally premiered on 12 May 1846 with the soprano Pauline Rung and the baritone Christian Hansen in the leading roles. Andersen was unable to attend the premiere since he was in Southern Italy. The critical reception was mostly positive but the play was no great success at the box office and only played four times before the summer break.
Hartmann and Andersen later adapted Liden Kirsten into an opera in two acts for the 1858-59 season and it now received a far more enthusiastic reception. Liden Kirsten was from then on, with interruptions, part of the Royal Theatre's repertoire until 1955.

## In art

On the left side of the plinth of the statue of Johan Peter Emilius Hartmann on Sankt Annæ Plads is a bronze relief depicting the "Tavlebordsduetten" (playing table) scene in Liden Kirsten. On the other side of the plinth is another bronze relief with a scene from his ballet Valkyrien. The monument is from 1905 and was created by August Saabye.

## Gallery

* Valdemar Gyllich's coloured sketch for the scenography for the 1874 production in conjunction with the opening of the new Total Danish Theatre.
# Giovanni Titta Rosa

Giovanni Titta Rosa (5 March 1891 – 7 January 1972) was an Italian literary critic, poet, and novelist.
Born in Santa Maria del Ponte, at that time frazione of Fontecchio, Titta Rosa graduated in letters at the University of Florence and then started collaborating as a literary critic with a large number of publications, notably Lacerba, La Stampa, Il Secolo XIX, Il Resto del Carlino and Corriere della Sera.
Titta Rosa was also author of novels, essays and collections of poems. In 1931 he was awarded the Bagutta Prize for his collection of short stories Il varco nel muro.
# Goharak

Goharak (Persian: گهرک; also known as Gowharak) is a village in Nakhlestan Rural District, in the Central District of Kahnuj County, Kerman Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 275, in 56 families.
# Vanash

Vanash (Persian: وناش) may refer to:
* Vanash-e Bala
* Vanash-e Pain
# Bayterek (disambiguation)

Bayterek (Kazakh: Бәйтерек, romanized: Bäiterek) may refer to:
* Baiterek (monument), an observation tower in Nur-Sultan, capital of Kazakhstan
* Bayterek, Almaty Region, a small town in Almaty Region, Kazakhstan
* Bayterek District, former name: Zelenov, a district in Western Kazakhstan
# Shadow economy of Russia

The shadow economy (Russian: Теневая экономика) is one of the most controversial aspects of Russia's economic history. In 2011, according to official Rosstat estimates calculated using the GDP adjustment method, the degree of shadowization of the Russian economy was about 16% of GDP, with a turnover of about 7 trillion rubles a year. About 13 million people were involved in the shadow sectors of the economy; according to independent experts, 22 million Russians are employed in the informal sector.
To calculate the share of the shadow economy in the country's GDP, the State Statistics Committee of Russia usually proceeds from the ratio to GDP of income from hidden and informal economic activities permitted by law. This technique complies with the recommendations of international organizations. It should be taken into account that the concept of hidden and informal production in statistics differs from the indicators of the shadow economy used to calculate the taxable base (Russian: Налоговая база).
The dynamics of the volumes of the shadow sector in the Russian economy is characterized by complex processes. The shadow economy existed in the Russian Empire and in the USSR, then became even more widespread in the post-perestroika period. Thus, in the early 1990s, informal and illegal economic activities became widespread. However, given that the country's GDP was declining, market demands were modest, and available technologies were extremely primitive, the share of the informal economy was easier to estimate.
In the 2000s, a massive exit of large capitals from the shadow began, which was associated with the rapid growth of the economy and its increasing openness. At the same time, the technological structure of the economy has become more complex as consumer demand has become more complex, the emergence of offshore zones and other factors, which means that the efficiency of calculating the informal and illegal sectors has also decreased.
# Tomebamba River

The Tomebamba River is a river of Ecuador. It runs through the city of Cuenca and merges with the Machángara River forming the Matadero River in the basin of the Amazon River and the Atlantic Ocean.
# Fazl Rural District

Fazl Rural District (Persian: دهستان فضل) may refer to:
* Fazl Rural District (Hamadan Province)
* Fazl Rural District (Razavi Khorasan Province)
# What's My Line? (British game show)

What's My Line? is a panel game show based on the American version of the same name. It was originally aired on BBC Television Service from 16 July 1951 to 13 May 1963, hosted by Eamonn Andrews. It was revived by BBC2 from 23 August 1973 to 25 May 1974, hosted by David Jacobs, and then by ITV from 26 March 1984 to 31 August 1990. The ITV incarnation was first hosted by Eamonn Andrews from 1984 until his death in 1987, then by Penelope Keith for a part of 1988 before Angela Rippon took over until 1990. Two regional ITV stations, HTV and Meridian, revived it again from 19 September 1994 to 17 December 1996, when it was hosted by Emma Forbes.
Regular panelists on the original version were Jerry Desmonde, Gilbert Harding, David Nixon, Barbara Kelly and Isobel Barnett.

## Transmissions
### BBC Television Service

| Series | Start date | End date | Episodes |
| 1 | 16 July 1951 | 7 April 1952 | 39 |
| 2 | 18 August 1952 | 28 June 1953 | 46 |
| 3 | 1 November 1953 | 20 June 1954 | 34 |
| 4 | 26 September 1954 | 20 March 1955 | 26 |
| 5 | 24 October 1955 | 16 July 1956 | 39 |
| 6 | 30 September 1956 | 7 April 1957 | 28 |
| 7 | 5 October 1957 | 22 June 1958 | 38 |
| 8 | 28 September 1958 | 22 March 1959 | 26 |
| 9 | 30 August 1959 | 24 April 1960 | 35 |
| 10 | 18 September 1960 | 21 May 1961 | 34 |
| 11 | 1 October 1961 | 3 June 1962 | 35 |
| 12 | 1 October 1962 | 13 May 1963 | 33 |

### BBC2
#### Series

| Series | Start date | End date | Episodes |
| 1 | 23 August 1973 | 20 September 1973 | 5 |
| 2 | 19 January 1974 | 25 May 1974 | 17 |

#### Specials

| Date | Entitle |
| 25 December 1973 | Christmas Special |

### Thames
#### Series

| Series | Start date | End date | Episodes |
| 1 | 26 March 1984 | 2 July 1984 | 14 |
| 2 | 18 February 1985 | 20 May 1985 | 14 |
| 3 | 31 March 1986 | 30 June 1986 | 13 |
| 4 | 6 April 1987 | 18 May 1987 | 7 |
| 5 | 22 February 1988 | 25 March 1988 | 40 |
| 5 | 15 August 1988 | 2 September 1988 | 40 |
| 6 | 13 December 1988 | 10 February 1989 | 38 |
| 6 | 15 March 1989 | 7 April 1989 | 38 |
| 7 | 10 July 1990 | 31 August 1990 | 32 |

#### Specials

| Date | Entitle |
| 24 December 1984 | Christmas Special |
| 30 December 1985 | Christmas Special |

### HTV/Meridian

| Series | Start date | End date | Episodes |
| 1 | 19 September 1994 | 19 December 1994 | 14 |
| 2 | 18 September 1995 | 18 December 1995 | 14 |
| 3 | 17 September 1996 | 17 December 1996 | 14 |
# Sitsi

Sitsi (Estonian for 'chintz') is a subdistrict (Estonian: asum) in the district of Põhja-Tallinn, Tallinn, the capital of Estonia. It has a population of 3,874 (As of 1 January 2014).

## Gallery

* Sitsimägi (Chintz Hill)
* Sitsimägi (Chintz Hill)
* Kanepi Street
# 1991 Munster Senior Hurling Championship final

The 1991 Munster Senior Hurling Championship final was a hurling match played on 7 July 1991 at Páirc Uí Chaoimh, Cork. It was contested by Cork and Tipperary.
Highlights of both games were shown as part of The Sunday Game programme on RTÉ 2 on the Sunday night. The programmes were presented by Michael Lyster, with commentary by Ger Canning.

## Drawn match
### Summary

The final finished in a draw with a scoreline of 4-10 to 2-16.

### Details
## Replay
### Summary

Tipperary, captained by Declan Carr and managed by Babs Keating, won the replay by 4-19 to 4-15 on 21 July in Semple Stadium, after coming back from nine points down, Cork had led by 3-13 to 1-10 with just a quarter of the game remaining. Aidan Ryan's late goal into the corner of the net sparked a pitch invasion from the Killinan End. Cork has a 2-8 to 1-7 lead at halftime in the replay.
The replay was described by the Irish Independent in 2014 and 2015 as one of the best games of hurling ever to be played.
# Stig Hvalryg

Stig Hvalryg (born 15 July 1960 in Oslo, Norway) is a Norwegian jazz musician (upright bass), known from several orchestras and recordings, and a profile on the Oslo Jazz scene in recent years.

## Career

He plays within Bodil Niska Quartet, "Rickard Badendyck Quartet", in "Willy Andresen Quartet", "Frode Thingnæs Quartet", "Michael Block Trio", "Tore Sandnæs Trio", with Inge Stangvik/Eivin Sannes, as well as within the Eivin Sannes "Dexter Gordon Project". He has participated in releases by Per Høglend Quintet album Psychiatri Meets Jazz(2001) and Per Høglend Septett album Mind And Music (2003), Ingar Kristansen's The Sinatra songbook (2001), Anne Landes Largoland (2005) and Per Husby/Anne Lande's Sakte sanger.
Together with Sture Janson, Jens Fossum and Kåre Garnes he played within "Fire bassister", who performed the tribute to Erik Amundsen in 2006. At "Oslo Jazzfestival" 2006 he joined the quartet of Majken Christiansen in "Tribute to Ella Fitzgerald". He also performed with David Arthur Skinner and Bjørn Vidar Solli in the Diagonal Jazzband and David Skinner og Bjørn Vidar Solli Quartet, among others at Lancelot in Asker, Norway and Swing'n'Sweet Jazzklubb in Bergen, Norway.

## Discography (in selection)

* 2001: The Sinatra Songbook, with Ingar Kristansen
* 2001: Psychiatri Meets Jazz, within Per Høglend Quintet
* 2003: Mind And Music, within Per Høglend Septett
* 2004: That's All (Jazzavdelingen), with Richard Badendyck
* 2005: Largoland (Park Grammofon), with Anne Lande
* 2006: Sakte Sanger (Park Grammofon), with Anne Lande & Per Husby
* 2007: Comes Love (Park Grammofon), with Majken Christiansen
* 2008: Nora – For Swingende!!! (Park Grammofon), with Nora Brockstedt
* 2010: Peace (BadenMusic), with Richard Badendyck
* 2011: A Day at The Opera (Ponca Jazz Records), with Antonsen, Hvalryg, Olstad Trio
# Carl Morten Iversen

Carl Morten Iversen (1 May 1948 – 19 October 2023) was a Norwegian jazz musician (upright bass), and the son of jazz violinist Arild Iversen (1920–65). He was known from numerous recordings and had long been central to the Oslo Jazz scene.

## Career

Iversen was born in Oslo, and began playing as an accompanist for folk singers from 1965; among others, he played with Lars Klevstrand at Moldejazz Festival in 1968 and 1973, attended an album with Lillebjørn Nilsen in 1974, and got into jazz in 1970. He studied jazz in the United States until 1972, and when returning he played in a variety of bands from 1973, including with the Balke brothers, Jon Balke Quartet and Ditlef Eckhoff Quintet 1973–74, Magni Wentzel Quintet 1974–76 and 1979–84 with the album Sofies plass (1983), Guttorm Guttormsen Quartet 1974–80 with the albums Soturnudi (1975) and Albufeira (1979).
Iversen was president/chairman of the "Norwegian Jazz Forum" 1972–75, leader of "Foreningen norske jazzmusikere", editor of "Jazznytt", and Awarded Buddyprisen 1988. With guitarist Jon Eberson he has released duoalbums Jazz for men (2001), Standards (2003) and Levende på Fyret (2006), and recently he has recorded with Magni Wentzel Sekstett Live (2009).

## Honors

* Buddyprisen 1988
* Spellemannsprisen 1988 in the class Jazz for the album Nonsentration (1992), within Oslo 13

## Discography (in selection)
### Within Guttorm Guttormsen Quartet

* 1975: Soturnudi
* 1979: Albufeira

### Within Per Husby Septet

* 1976: Peacemaker

### Within Oslo 13

* 1981: Anti therapy (Odin Records)
* 1988: Off balance (Odin Records)
* 1992: Nonsentration (ECM Records), Awarded Spellemannprisen 1992 in the class Jazz
* 1992: Live (Curling Legs)

### Trio with Armen Donelian & Audun Kleive

* 1988: Trio 87 (Odin Records)

### Trio with Frank Jakobsen & Rob Waring

* 1991: Secret Red Thread (Odin Records)
* 2001: Synchronize your watches (Curling Legs)

### Trio with Olga Konkova & Audun Kleive

* 1997: Going with the Flow (Curling Legs)

### Duo with Jon Eberson

* 2001: Jazz For Men (Curling Legs)
* 2003: Standards (Curling Legs)
* 2006: Levende På Fyret (Curling Legs)

### Within Jon Eberson Trio

* 2009: Born to be slow (NorCD), with Rob Waring

### With Magni Wentzel

* 1983: Sofies plass (Hot Club Records), within M.W. Quartet
* 2009: Live (Curling Legs)
# Norodom Vichara

Norodom Vichara (Khmer: នរោត្តម វេជ្ជរ៉ា; 17 August 1946 – 28 July 2013) was a Cambodian princess and politician. She was a daughter of King Norodom Suramarit and a half-sister of King Norodom Sihanouk. She belonged to FUNCINPEC and was elected to represent Phnom Penh Municipality in the National Assembly of Cambodia in 2003. According to a family relative, Vichara died on 28 July 2013, at the age of 66, from a lengthy battle with lung cancer.
# 1985 Munster Senior Hurling Championship final

The 1985 Munster Senior Hurling Championship final was a hurling match played on Sunday 7 July 1985 at Páirc Uí Chaoimh, Cork, County Cork. It was contested by Cork and Tipperary. Cork, captained by Ger Cunningham, claimed the title, beating Tipperary on a scoreline of 4–17 to 4–11.
# Sorkh Deh

Sorkh Deh or Sorkhdeh or Surkhdeh (Persian: سرخده) may refer to:
* Sorkh Deh, Kermanshah
* Sorkh Deh, Qom
* Surkhdeh, Tehran
* Sorkh Deh, Semnan
# Len Skeat

Leonard Skeat (9 February 1937 – 9 March 2021) was a British jazz double-bassist, and the younger brother of Bill Skeat, a saxophone player (1926–1999).

## Biography

He was born in East End of London, and worked with the Ted Heath band. During the 1970s, he was in demand and almost resident at the Pizza Express Jazz Club, and Pizza on the Park Jazz Club (closed 2010) in London. He was a member of the band, Velvet.
Skeat recorded with Mel Tormé, Ben Webster, Billy Eckstine, Lionel Hampton, Scott Hamilton, Helen Merrill, Lou Rawls, Harry Edison, Denny Wright, Digby Fairweather, Spike Robinson, Eddie Lockjaw Davis, Stéphane Grappelli, Dick Morrissey, Bill Watrous, and Randy Sandke. He was also a member of the Eddie Thompson Trio and Charly Antolini's Jazz Power.

## Discography

With Charly Antolini
* 1989 Cookin' (L+R)
* 1990 Charly Antolini Meets Dick Morrissey
* 1993 Right-On (Bell)
With Bud Freeman
* 1980 The Dolphin Has A Message
With Spike Robinson
* 1984 Spike Robinson-Eddie Thompson Trip/At Chesters Volumes 1 & 2 (Hep)
* 1986 In Town with Elaine Delmar (Hep)
* 1987 The Gershwin Collection (Hep)
With Bill Watrous
* 1982 Bill Watrous in London
# Tim Thornton (musician, born 1988)

Tim Thornton (born 1988) is a double bassist based in London, UK, and a regular performer on the British jazz scene. He is the leader of the Tim Thornton Quartet.

## Early life and education

Thornton is the son of Neal Thornton (pianist/composer) and Sally Burgess (Mezzo Soprano/Director). He is a graduate of Birmingham Conservatoire.

## Career

During his years as a bassist, Thornton has performed live with many musicians, including Stan Sulzmann, Eric Alexander, Jim Mullen, Guy Barker, Sir Willard White, Gary Husband, Nigel Hitchcock, Alex Garnett, Anita Wardell, Stan Tracey, Liam Noble, Steve Brown, and Tom Cawley.
He is a regular member of the Ronnie Scott's Allstars led by James Pearson and also performs and has recorded with many different groups including the Steve Fishwick Quintet, Emma Smith Quintet, Brandon Allen Quartet, Tim Lapthorne Trio, Dave O’Higgins Quartet, Ivo Neame Quintet, Joe Pisto Quartet (Italy), and Sector 7.
Thornton is part of the Julian Bliss Septet , and in 2014 joined them on their Miles Davis Tribute Tour.
Thornton fronts his own band, the Tim Thornton Quartet. The group's debut album ‘New Kid’ (SEHSO05) features Thornton's childhood friend Chris Draper, Dave O’Higgins, Steve Fishwick, Ross Stanley, Grant Windsor, and Dave Hamblett performing a mixture of original music and arrangements.
Between tours in the UK and frequent international performances, In 2014 Thornton plays in London at venues such as Ronnie Scott's, Pizza Express Jazz Club, or the 606 Club.
# Somasca

Somasca is a hamlet in the northern Italian region of Lombardy, situated in the hills overlooking the south-eastern branch of Lake Como. For purposes of local government it counts as a frazione of the Commune of Vercurago, which falls within the Province of Lecco.

## History

Somasca is known chiefly for having given its name to the Somaschi Fathers, an order of priests devoted to charitable works which was founded by Saint Gerolamo Emiliani in 1532.
45°048′042″N 9°025′046″E﻿ / ﻿45.81167°N 9.42944°E﻿ / 45.81167; 9.42944
# Hassan at-Taheer Zarouq

Hassan at-Taheer Zarouq (Arabic: حسن الطاهر زروق) was a Sudanese politician. He worked as a schoolteacher, but was dismissed due to his political activism.
Zarouq was a member of the Sudanese Communist Party and president of the Anti-Imperialist Front. In the 1953 legislative election he was elected to the House of Representatives from the Graduates Constituency as an Anti-Imperialist Front candidate. As a Member of Parliament, Hassan at-Taheer Zarouq was a vocal critic of Ismail al-Azhari's National Unionist Party cabinet.
Zarouq was also an outspoken advocate for equal rights for the South Sudanese. He claimed that imperialism was to blame for the division between North and South Sudanese, but stressed that this inequality was cemented by the Sudanese bourgeoise.
In November 1955, the opposition tried to oust al-Azhari through a vote in the House of Representatives. However, Hassan at-Taheer Zarouq abstained from voting. The Anti-Imperialist Front explained its position that it struggled for principles, rather against any particular individuals. Instead, the Anti-Imperialist Front called for a national unity government. This move alienated the Anti-Imperialist Front from both the government and the other opposition forces.
He served as editor of al-Midan, the organ of the Anti-Imperialist Front.
# Mayramkan Abylkasymova

Mayramkan Abylkasymova (November 7, 1936 – October 16, 2021; Kyrgyz: Майрамкан Абылкасымова) was a Kyrgyz poet and editor, designated a "People's Poet of Kyrgyzstan."

## Early life and education

Mayramkan Abylkasymova was born on November 7, 1936, in the village of Almaluu, Kemin, Kyrgyzstan.
She attended a seven-year rural school, graduating in 1950. She then began studying to become a teacher, eventually graduating in 1958 from the Kyrgyz Women's Pedagogical Institute named for Vladimir Mayakovsky, a precursor to Kyrgyz State University of Arabaev. From 1960 to 1962, she worked as a teacher at the Osh Pedagogical Institute, a forerunner of Osh State University.

## Writing

Abylkasymova is best known as a poet, having begun to publish poetry in 1952. In 1961, she published her debut collection, Маленьким друзьям ("Little Friends"). In her work, she drew inspiration from fellow Kyrgyz writers Alykul Osmonov and Aaly Tokombaev. She was also a member of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and wrote patriotic poetry about the Kyrgyz people and about war in socialist countries.
In 1970, she won the all-union Lenin Komsomol Prize for her poem "Эстелик сүйлөйт" ("The Monument Speaks") and her collection Ишеним дайым жүрөктө ("Faith Is Always in My Heart"). A decade later, in 1980, she was designated as a "People's Poet of Kyrgyzstan." Her collection Гүлдөр суу сурайт ("Flowers Ask for Water") was awarded the Kyrgyz State Prize in 1984. Her work has been translated into various languages, including English in the 1976 anthology The Tender Muse.
Abylkasymova also worked at various publications throughout her career, beginning at a local newspaper in the Osh Region from 1958 to 1960. Then, from 1962 to 1970 she worked for the literary and art magazine Ala-Too. She left for two years to consult for the Writers' Union in the Issyk-Kul Region before returning to Ala-Too in 1972, where she worked for another 20 years, including as head of the magazine's poetry department. Later on, she edited the weekly newspaper Asylzat.
She was a member of the Union of Writers of the Kyrgyz Republic since 1964.

## Personal life and death

Abylkasymova was married to Sagyn Namatbayev, a translator. Their daughter is the journalist Tolkun Namatbaeva. The poet died in October 2021 at age 85.
# Solomon Heymann Auerbach

Solomon Heymann Auerbach (Yiddish: שלמה זלמן בן מיכאל חיים אויערבאך; late 18th century – 1836) was a Hebrew scholar. He translated Habakkuk into German with explanatory notes (Breslau, 1821). He also collaborated in the translation of the Bible undertaken by Leopold Zunz, for which he furnished the translation of Ecclesiastes, on which book he wrote also a Hebrew commentary (Breslau, 1837).

## Publications

* Das Buch Habacuc mit einem ebräischen Commentar. Breslau: L. W. Sulzbach. 1821.
* Das Buch Koheleth, neu übersetzt mit einem hebräischen Commentar. Breslau: H. Sulzbach. 1837. hdl:2027/hvd.hw5llt.
# All at Once (2014 film)

All at Once (Russian: Всё и сразу, romanized: Vsyo i srazu) is a 2014 Russian black comedy film directed by Roman Karimov.

## Plot

Tim and Dan are loser friends from a provincial town. University life is behind them, they do not wish to work, there are no girls. The guys undertake to fulfill the task of a local bandit and start to work, taking with them a car mechanic Zhora, who is also a total failure. It is necessary for them to clearly stage a robbery of their own, fake drug courier. The role of the courier is accidentally given to the honest demobbed Vanya, son of the local authority – the "Persian", who obeys the local criminal authority, who is not aware of the permutations and promises.

## Cast

* Nikita Ost as Vanya
* Anton Shurtsov as Tima
* Aleksandr Pal as Den
* Yulia Khlynina as Motya
* Artyom Kostyunev as Zhora
* Ilya Naishuller as The Armourer
* Sergei Pakhomov as Tima's Uncle

## Awards and nominations

* Russian National Movie Awards — Best Russian Action of the Year (nom)