OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Cassius Peck

Cassius Peck (3 March 1842 – 12 July 1913) was a Medal of Honor recipient and member of the Vermont legislature who served in the American Civil War.

## Early life

Peck was born on 3 March 1842 to Reuben Peck and Hannah G. Peck. He had a brother, Marshall Reuben Peck, born in 1846. He was educated at the Montpelier seminary and West Randolph Academy.

## Civil War

Peck entered Company F of the 1st United States Sharpshooters as a private in Brookfield, Vermont on 12 September 1861. He was honorably discharged on 12 September 1864.

### Medal of Honor

He was awarded the Medal of Honor on 12 October 1892 for his actions on 19 September 1862. He was a private then, leading a small group of sharpshooters which he used to drive away a much larger of Confederate infantry, capturing two artillery pieces.
   The President of the United States of America, in the name of Congress, takes pleasure in presenting the Medal of Honor to Private Cassius Peck, United States Army, for extraordinary heroism on 19 September 1862, while serving with Company F, 1st U.S. Sharpshooters, in action at Blackburn's Ford, Virginia. Private Peck took command of such soldiers as he could get and attacked and captured a Confederate battery of four guns. Also, while on a reconnaissance, he overtook and captured a Confederate soldier.

## Later life

In 1867, he married Luna Arnold Sprague. He served as a member of both the Vermont House of Representatives and Vermont Senate. He represented Brookfield in the House in 1882 and 1886, and served as chairman of the House committee on highways, bridges, and ferries. Peck represented Orange County in the Senate in 1896, and was chairman of its committee on military affairs. Selling his three farms, totaling 271 acres, Peck moved himself and his family to Burlington. He was a trustee of the University of Vermont as well as the Vermont Soldiers' Home, and maintained a farm up until his death. His wife died in 1901 in Burlington. Peck's son, Cassius R. Peck, was born on 1 July 1880, and would go on to serve as a major during the First World War. Peck had ten other children, five of whom died before 1912.
Peck was a Freemason, and was treasurer and master of the Brookfield lodge, also known as Mystic Star Lodge No. 97. He worked in the Grand Army of the Republic, the Order of the Eastern Star, and was appointed by the Governor of Vermont to select and place the state monument that would be displayed at Gettysburg, Pennsylvania.
# Pentrebane

51°29′37″N 3°15′11″W﻿ / ﻿51.49361°N 3.25306°W﻿ / 51.49361; -3.25306
Pentrebane (Welsh: Pentre-Baen) is a district in the west of Cardiff, capital of Wales. It is part of the Fairwater community.

## Description

Pentrebane was built in the 1960s on agricultural land to the northwest of Fairwater. The newer estate sits on the top of the hill overlooking Fairwater and Llandaff, and on the cusp of St. Fagans and the Vale of Glamorgan. To the north of the suburb lies the route of the former Llantrisant and Taff Vale Junction Railway and is served by Fairwater railway station.
There are three primary schools in close proximity to each other: Holy Family R.C. Primary, Pentrebane Primary and Ysgol Coed Y Gof. A Roman Catholic secondary school, Bishop Hannon was built in Pentrebane in the 1960s but demolished around 1987 to make way for housing (on what is now called Bell Fields).

## Governance

Pentrebance falls within the Fairwater electoral ward for elections to Cardiff Council.

## Notable people

The Wales footballer Ryan Giggs grew up living with his grandparents in Pentrebane.
# Song Chun-gil

Song Chun-gil (Korean: 송준길; Hanja: 宋浚吉; 28 December 1606 – 2 December 1672), also known by his art name Tongch'untang, was a Korean politician and Neo-Confucian scholar, who lived during the Joseon period.
Born in Okcheon, North Chungcheong Province, he was the best friend and a distant relative of Song Si-yol. His daughter, Lady Song, was the mother of Queen Inhyeon, who would become the second wife of King Sukjong.

## Relations with the Royal Family

Song Chun-gil's descendants through his second daughter had made him the maternal grandfather of Min Jin-hu, Min Jin-won, and Queen Inhyeon. He eventually became the 5th great-grandfather of Empress Myeongseong and the 6th great-grandfather of Empress Sunmyeong.
When Empress Myeongseong became Queen, she also close connections to the families of her 5th maternal great-grandmother (Eunjin Song clan), and 4th maternal great-grandmother (Jinju Jeong clan).

## Family

* Father
** Song Yi-ch'ang (송이창; 宋爾昌; 1561 – May 1627)
* Mother
** Lady Kim of the Gwangsan Kim clan (광산 김씨; 光山 金氏; 1561–1621); daughter of Kim Eun-hwi (김은휘) and cousin of Kim Jang-saeng
* Wives and their issue
** Lady Kim (김씨; 金氏) — no issue.
** Lady Chŏng of the Jinju Chŏng clan (진주 정씨; 晋州 鄭氏; 1604–1655); daughter of Chŏng Kyŏng-se (정경세, 鄭經世; 1563–1633)
*** Son: Song Kwang-sik (송광식; 宋光栻; 1620–1664)
*** Son: Song Sŏk-tae (송석대; 宋碩大; 1625 – ?)
*** Daughter: Lady Song of the Eunjin Song clan (은진 송씨; 恩津 宋氏; 1628–1662)
*** Daughter: Internal Princess Consort Eunseong of the Eunjin Song clan (은성부부인 은진 송씨; 恩城府夫人 恩津 宋氏; 1637–1672); Min Yu-chung's second wife
*** Daughter: Lady Song of the Eunjin Song clan (은진 송씨; 恩津 宋氏; 1639 – ?)
*** Daughter: Lady Song of the Eunjin Song clan (은진 송씨; 恩津 宋氏; 1641 – ?)
* Concubines and their issue
** Yi Rang, Lady Yi (이랑 이씨; 李娘 李氏; 1610–1631); daughter of Yi Tong-hyŏng (이동형; 1580 – ?) — no issue.
** Lady Min of the Yeoheung Min clan (여흥 민씨; 驪興 閔氏; 1644–1712); daughter of Min Kyu (민규)
*** Son: Song Kwang-rim (송광림; 1666 – ?)
*** Son: Song Kwang-chŏng (송광정; 宋光挺; 1668–1734)
*** Son: Song Kwang-yŏng (송광영; 1670 – ?)
*** Son: Song Pyŏng-ik (송병익; 1677 – ?)

## Works

* Eorokhae (어록해; 語錄解)
* Dongchundangjip (동춘당집)
# Arith, Savoie

Arith (French pronunciation:; Arpitan: Areu) is a commune in the Savoie department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region in south-eastern France.

## Geography

The Chéran river forms most of the commune's eastern border.
# Hilary Kahn

Hilary J. Kahn (1943–2007) was a South African British computer scientist who spent most of her career as a professor at the University of Manchester, where she worked on computer-aided design and information modelling. Kahn participated in the development of the Manchester MU5 computer. Later she became involved in standards development and was both the chair of the Technical Experts Group and a member of the Steering Committee for the development of the EDIF (Electronic Design Interchange Format) standard. Kahn retired from Manchester in 2006 and died in 2007.

## Early life and education

Kahn was born in 1943 in Cape Town, South Africa and moved in 1960 to England; she said later that she did so to pursue her education and escape the politics of her native country.
She attended the University of London and studied classics, after which she attended a post-graduate diploma course in computing at the Newcastle University, where she was first exposed to working with the English Electric KDF9 computer and programming in ALGOL. She subsequently worked as a programmer at English Electric.

## Career and research

Kahn joined the Computer Science Department at the University of Manchester in 1967, appointed as an assistant lecturer based on her ability to teach COBOL. She has been cited as an example of how women with non-traditional backgrounds could enter early academic computer science by offering unusual specialised skills.
Although Kahn never pursued a PhD, she was a faculty member who supervised a number of PhD students; during her tenure she started the computer-aided design (CAD) group at Manchester, worked on the Manchester MU5 computer, and was extensively involved in standards development, most notably for the EDIF project. She collaborated with Tom Kilburn and wrote published several obituaries on him.
Kahn was also active in preserving the history of early computing at Manchester and in 1998 organised a large-scale celebration Computer 50 for the 50th anniversary of the Manchester Baby, the first stored-program computer, which was completed in 1948.
Kahn retired from her faculty position in 2006.

## Personal life

Kahn's husband Brian Napper was also a Manchester faculty member. The couple had one child, a daughter, born in 1977. Kahn died in November 2007.
# Hakea brownii

Hakea brownii commonly known fan-leaf hakea is a shrub in the family Proteaceae native to an area in the Wheatbelt region of Western Australia. This species shares a common name with Hakea baxteri due to its distinctive leaves.

## Description

Hakea brownii is a lignotuberous shrub growing to 0.4 to 2.5 metres (1.3 to 8.2 ft) high. Smaller branches and new leaves are densely covered in matted rusty coloured silky hairs, becoming smooth by flowering. The leaves are ornamental, fan shaped, stiff, thickly textured and prickly toothed at the apex. They have straight sides tapering to the base, 2.8–6.5 cm (1–3 in) long and 2–6 mm (0.08–0.2 in) wide. The inflorescence consists of 6-10 small sweetly scented cream-brown flowers on an obscure stem. The pedicels are 2–6 mm (0.08–0.2 in) long thickly covered in matted silky rusty coloured hairs extending onto the lower part of the flower. The perianth is 5–7 mm (0.2–0.3 in) long and the style 7–9 mm (0.3–0.4 in) long. Flowers appear in clusters in the leaf axils or on old wood from August to November. The large rounded egg-shaped fruit are 3.5–5 cm (1–2 in) long and 4–4.5 cm (2–2 in) wide. The fruit surface is wrinkled and may have a network of veins tapering to a short beak.

## Taxonomy and naming

Hakea brownii was first described by Carl Meisner in 1845 and was published in Plantae Preissianae. The species was named after Robert Brown, librarian of the Linnean Society of London.

## Distribution and habitat

Hakea brownii is widespread from the coastal plains of the Murchison River through the central wheatbelt to Cape Riche. Grows on sandy loam, deep sand or sand over laterite in heath or shrubland. Requires a well-drained site with a sunny aspect. A frost-tolerant species, having uses in floral art and wildlife habitat.

## Conservation status

Hakea brownii is currently classified as "not threatened" by the Western Australian Government.
# Hajj Bolagh

Hajj Bolagh (Persian: حاج بلاغ, also Romanized as Ḩājj Bolāgh and Haj Bolagh; also known as Ḩājī Bolāgh, Hājībulāgh, and Ḩājjī Bolāgh) is a village in Kuhsar Rural District, in the Central District of Khansar County, Isfahan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 49, in 20 families.
# Institute of Economics and Management

Institute of Economics and Management (ECOMEN) (Estonian: Majanduse ja Juhtimise Instituut) was a private university in Estonia from 1993 to 2013.
It was founded in Sillamäe and from 1999 to 2006 it hold the name Sillamäe Institute of Economics and Management.
# Mohammad-Reza Tavassoli

Ayatollah Mohammad Reza Tavassoli (Persian: محمدرضا توسلی) (1931–2008) was an influential Iranian theologian, reformist politician, and a close associate of Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini.Tavassoli was a member of the Expediency Discernment Council of the Islamic Republic of Iran. He belonged to the Militant Clerics League. Ayatollah Tavassoli simultaneously held a seat in the 3rd Assembly of Experts.
Tavassoli died on 16 February 2008, from a heart attack, while delivering a speech to the Expediency Council. He was 77 years old at the time of his death.
# Iglo

Iglo is a frozen food brand based in the United Kingdom, with products sold across the European continent. It is owned by Nomad Foods Europe, which also owns the rights to the Birds Eye brand in the United Kingdom and Ireland, and Findus across Europe.
Formerly owned by private equity firm Permira, the company was sold to the food company Nomad Foods in June 2015, valuing the group at €2.6bn (£1.9bn). Nomad purchased the operations of Findus in all markets except the United Kingdom in November 2015, and merged the businesses of Iglo and Findus in 2016 to form Nomad Foods Europe.

## History

In November 2006, private equity fund Permira acquired the BirdsEye and Iglo businesses from Unilever for €1.7bn, forming the BirdsEye Iglo Group. In 2010 BirdsEye Iglo Group purchased the Italian frozen food business Compagnia Surgelati Italiana SPA from Unilever for €0.8bn, and reunited the Findus brand in Sweden into the group that had previously been managed as one business under Unilever until 2006. On 24 June 2011, BirdsEye Iglo Group changed its legal name to Iglo Foods Group Limited, and began trading as the Iglo Group.
Blackstone Group and BC Partners made an unsuccessful bid of €2.5bn to buy Iglo from Permira in 2012. In April 2015 Permira agreed on a majority sale to United States-based investment vehicle Nomad Foods, valuing the group at €2.6bn (£1.9bn).
Following the purchase of Findus by Iglo's parent Nomad Foods, the Findus brand is due to be brought back under the same ownership across Europe.
Iglo shut down their operations in France and absorbed it to Findus in 2016.
# Saint-Guyomard

Saint-Guyomard (French pronunciation:; Breton: Sant-Gwioñvarc'h) is a commune in the Morbihan department of Brittany in north-western France.

## Demographics

Inhabitants of Saint-Guyomard are called in French Guyomardais. The official population in 2019 was 1,389.
# Sevrier

Sevrier (French pronunciation:; before 2017: Sévrier; Arpitan: Sevrî) is a commune in the Haute-Savoie department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region in south-eastern France.
It is located on the north-western banks of Lake Annecy. It is essentially a residential suburb of Annecy.

## World Heritage Site

It is home to one or more prehistoric pile-dwelling (or stilt house) settlements that are part of the Prehistoric Pile dwellings around the Alps UNESCO World Heritage Site.
# Segget River

Segget River (Malay: Sungai Segget, Chinese: 纱玉河) is a river in Johor, Malaysia. The length of the river is about 4,280 meters. It starts from the current Johor Bahru Chinese Cemetery, through the downtown of Johor Bahru city, and ends at Straits of Johor.
The Segget River flows through the east bank and the west bank of the river. There is a small shaped triangle island called Segget Island. There is a wet market on the island. The West Bank of Segget River was mostly settled by Teochew. The road by the river is called Jalan Trus, most of the business around that area is owned by Teochew Chinese, and Johor Bahru Old Chinese temple is also located here. The roads adjoining with Jalan Trus are Jalan Tan Hiok Nee, Jalan Ibrahim and Jalan Dhoby.
The East bank of the Segget river was mostly settled by Cantonese immigrants. The Stulang Steam Sawmill owned by Lim Ah Siang located near to Jalan Meldrum, and Jalan Sawmill in the downtown of Johor Bahru is named after this sawmill. Wong Ah Fook owned big pieces of land on the east bank of the river, and Jalan Wong Ah Fook is named after him. Jalan Siu Chin, Jalan Siu Koon and Jalan Siu Nam are the roads named after Wong Ah Fook's son. Johor Bahru Sentral railway station is also located on the east bank of the river, the Jalan Stesen is named after the railway station.
# Jafar Shojouni

Jafar Shojouni (Persian: جعفر شجونی) was an Iranian Shia cleric and conservative politician who served a member of the Parliament of Iran from 1980 to 1984, representing Karaj. He was a member of Islamic Coalition Party’s Central Council, as well as the Combatant Clergy Association. He was also associated with Fada'iyan-e Islam.
# Maltese Democratic Party

The Maltese Democratic Party (Maltese: Partit Demokratiku Malti; PDM) was a short-lived Maltese political party formed by Lino Briguglio to contest the 1987 general elections. The party ran four candidates across eight of the thirteen electoral districts. The party ran with the slogan "The Citizens first!", this slogan would later be adopted ten years after by the Labour Party.

## Election results

| Election | Leader | Seats contested | Votes | % | Seats | Rank | Status |
| 1987 | Lino Briguglio | 8 / 69 | 380 | 0.16 | 0 / 69 | 3rd | Extraparliamentary |
# River Leven, Fife

The River Leven (Scottish Gaelic: Lìobhann / Abhainn Lìobhann) is a river in Fife, Scotland. It flows from Loch Leven into the Firth of Forth at the town of Leven. The river is home to brown trout and hosts a run of sea trout and atlantic salmon. The estuary has bass and mullet.
In previous centuries its water was used to power linen mills on its banks, particularly near Markinch, as well as three paper mills: Smith Anderson in Leslie, and Tullis Russell and John Dixon of Markinch.
The River Ore, Fife is a tributary of the River Leven, joining it at 56°11′26″N 3°04′18″W﻿ / ﻿56.190492°N 3.071665°W﻿ / 56.190492; -3.071665.
# Yevgeni Kiselnikov

Yevgeni Yegorovich Kiselnikov (Russian: Евгений Егорович Кисельников; born 24 May 1962) is a former Russian football player.
# Pichugin

Pichugin (Russian: Пичугин, from пичуга meaning little bird) is a Russian masculine surname, its feminine counterpart is Pichugina. It may refer to
* Alexey Pichugin (born 1962), former security official at the Russian oil company Yukos
* Maksim Pichugin (footballer) (born 1998), Russian football player
* Sergei Pichugin (born 1976), Russian football player
* Serhiy Pichuhin (born 1961), Ukrainian sailor
* Pichugin, Pyotr Mikhailovich (1763-04.07.1848), Lieutenant General of Russian Imperial Army from 22.08.1826, obtained rights of hereditary nobility and personal coat of arms (coat of arms of the Pichugins granted on 15 March 1810)
* Pichugin, Aristarkh Petrovich (? - 13.11.1855), Major General
* Pichugin, Vsevolod Petrovich, Major General
* Pichigin, Nicholai Aristarkhovich (11.04.1843 - 25.05.1917) Major General since 09.04.1900, Lieutenant General
* Pichugin, Parmen Petrovich, Major General
* Pichugin, Pyotr Vsevolodovich, graduated from the Imperial School of Law, St. Petersburg, class X (13.05.1853) collegiate counsellor
During World War II more than 980 persons of this surname fought for the Soviet Army , including:
* Pichugin Dmitri Nikolaevich (1904–1947), Hero of the Soviet Union
* Pichugin, Ivan Yakovlevich (1913–1988), Hero of the Soviet Union
* Pichugin, Ivan Pavlovich (1901–1944), Major General
* Pichugin, Nikolai Andreevich (1898–1981), Lieutenant General
* Pichugin, Nikolai Aleksandrovich (1913–1995), Order for Courage (1945), Order for Patriotic War (1985)
# Paek Nam-nyong

Paek Nam-nyong (Korean: 백남룡; Hanja: 白南龍; born 19 October 1949), alternatively Paek Nam-ryong or Baek Nam-Ryong, is a North Korean writer. He was born on 19 October 1949 in Hamhŭng. During the Korean War, his father was killed. At the age of 11, his mother died. After high school, he went to Kanggye, operated a lathe in a rural steel factory for a decade. Paek started to write stories in his free time, and got his works published. From 1971 to 1976, he majored in Korean Literature at Kim Il Sung University part time. After graduation, he became a professional writer in Chagang Province Writers Union. Invited by the Central Committee of the Writers Union, he moved to Pyongyang, joined the elite group of writers called April 15 Literary Production Unit.

## Works

His novel Friend (Korean: 벗), originally published in Pyongyang in 1988, was translated into English and published by Columbia University Press in May 2020. The novel tells the story of a young couple on the brink of divorce, which based on his observations of proceedings at the divorce court in Kanggye. The English version of Friend was listed as one of Best World Literature of 2020 by the Library Journal, because “this work is especially valuable for affording a rare glimpse into everyday life under the totalitarian regime”. The French version of the novel was published by Actes Sud in 2011. His other works include Servicemen, After 60 Years and Life.

## Personal life

He met his first love in the steel factory in Kanggye, however, her father, an entrepreneur, broke them up. His wife was also a colleague in the factory, who died in 2003. They have 3 children, two daughters and one son. He loves playing chess. He uses pen and paper to write stories, only using computer to do some researches, because he would get headache if he works on computers too long. The French publisher who met Paek several times described him as "ebullient, kind" and "an enthusiastic champion of North Korean literature".
# Urspelt

Urspelt (Luxembourgish: Ischpelt) is a locality in the commune of Clervaux, in northern Luxembourg. As of 2023, the village has a population of 167.
Urspelt Castle has a history going back at least three centuries but today's building dates from 1860. After comprehensive restoration work and additions, it recently opened as a hotel and meeting centre.
# Bolno

Bolno (Macedonian: Болно) is a village in the Resen Municipality of North Macedonia, near the mountain of Galičica. Located under 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) east of the municipal centre of Resen, the village has 237 residents. It is also home to a football club, FK Ilinden.

## History

Bolno is located near the Iron Age site of Selishte, which excavations of the 2010s characterized as an Illyrian fort in the Prespa-Ohrid lakeland region.
In the early 20th century, the village had population of 640 Bulgarian Exarchists. There was also Bulgarian school in Bolno (Bouno).
During the Ilinden–Preobrazhenie Uprising of 1903, Bolno was looted and its 96 houses were burnt down.

## Demographics

Bolno has historically been inhabited by Orthodox Bulgarians. According to the censuses after 1948 the local population is consisted of ethnic Macedonians.
| Ethnic group | census 1961 | census 1961 | census 1971 | census 1971 | census 1981 | census 1981 | census 1991 | census 1991 | census 1994 | census 1994 | census 2002 | census 2002 |
| Ethnic group | Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | Number | % |
| Macedonians | 596 | 99.3 | 475 | 99.0 | 510 | 98.7 | 432 | 99.5 | 287 | 99.3 | 234 | 98.7 |
| others | 4 | 0.7 | 5 | 1.0 | 7 | 1.4 | 2 | 0.5 | 2 | 0.7 | 3 | 1.3 |
| Total | 600 | 600 | 480 | 480 | 517 | 517 | 434 | 434 | 289 | 289 | 237 | 237 |

## People from Bolno

* Dimitar Bogoevski (1918 - 1942), communist revolutionary and poet
* Evtim Bogoev (? - 1908), revolutionary, IMARO activist.
# Freedom movement

Freedom movement may refer to:

## Social movements

* Canada convoy protest, or Freedom Convoy by movement organizers in 2022
* Civil rights movement, in the United States
** Chicago Freedom Movement, during the broader Civil Rights Movement
* Libertarianism, a political philosophy that seeks to maximize autonomy and political freedom
* Health freedom movement, opposing regulation of health practices
* Indian independence movement
* Pakistan Movement
* Goa liberation movement, in India
* Zionism

## Organizations

* Bahrain Freedom Movement, an Islamic group based in London
* Fascism and Freedom Movement, in Italy
* Freedom Movement (New Zealand)
* Freedom Movement of Iran
* Freedom Movement (Slovenia)
* Isatabu Freedom Movement, in Guadalcanal, Solomon Islands
* Language Freedom Movement, in Ireland
* Lakota Freedom Movement, American Indian Movement
* National Socialist Freedom Movement, in Germany
* Palestinian Freedom Movement
* People's Freedom Movement (Jamaica)
* People's Freedom Movement (Serbia)
* Tavisupleba (political party), country of Georgia
# Chisaka Takafusa

Chisaka Takafusa (千坂高房, 1638 – June 25, 1700) was a high-ranking samurai in Japan during the Edo period. He was a karō in the Yonezawa Domain under the Uesugi clan. He is also known as Chisaka Hyōbu (千坂兵部). Although he died prior to the events of the Forty-seven rōnin, he appears in fictional accounts, including the 1971 Daichūshingura starring Toshirō Mifune. He also appears in the 1999 NHK Taiga drama Genroku Ryōran.
The Meiji period politician-businessman Chisaka Takamasa was a descendant of Takafusa.
# Mavrin

Mavrin (Russian: Маврин) is a Russian masculine surname, its feminine counterpart is Mavrina. It may refer to
* Sergey Mavrin (born 1963), Russian heavy metal musician
* Yulia Mavrina (born 1984), Russian theater, film and television actress