OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Gumma

Gumma or Guma may refer to:

## Places

* Guma, Pishan County, seat and subdivision of Guma (Pishan) County, Xinjiang, China
* Guma County, subdivision of Hotan Prefecture, Xinjiang, China
* Guma, Luanzhou, a town in Hebei, China
* Guma (woreda), one of the Districts of Ethiopia in the Oromia region
* The Kingdom of Gumma (also spelled Guma), a former kingdom in the Gibe region of Ethiopia
* Guma, Abkhazia, Georgia
* Guma, India, West Bengal
** Guma railway station, West Bengal, India
* Gumma, Gajapati, Odisha, India
* Gumma, an alternative spelling of Gunma Prefecture in Japan
* Guma, Nigeria, a Local Government Area of Benue State

## Other uses

* Gumma (pathology), a characteristic tissue nodule found in the tertiary stage of syphilis
* Guma, a type of Indonesian parang.
# "90th Anniversary of the Armed Forces of Azerbaijan (1918–2008)" Medal

The "90th Anniversary of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Azerbaijan (1918–2008)" Medal (Azerbaijani: "Azərbaycan Respublikası Silahlı Qüvvələrinin 90 illiyi (1918–2008)" medalı) is a commemorative medal of Azerbaijan issued to denote the 90th anniversary of the formation of the Armed Forces of the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic in 1918. It was established in accordance with the decree of the President of Azerbaijan Ilham Aliyev on May 16, 2008. Eligible personnel include warrant officers and ensigns who succeeded in combat training while serving in the Armed Forces of the Republic of Azerbaijan until June 26, 2008, as well as retired officers who actively participated in the formation and strengthening of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Azerbaijan.
The medal is worn on the left chest, and in the presence of other orders and medals, it is attached after the "10th Anniversary of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Azerbaijan (1991–2001)" Medal.

## Description

The "90th Anniversary of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Azerbaijan (1918–2008)" Medal is a round shaped medal that is made of bronze with a 35 mm diameter which is plated with gold ornaments.
The relief emblem of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Azerbaijan is depicted on the background of the medal where relief rays and a ribbon pass through the center. The words "Republic of Azerbaijan" along the arc, and "Armed Forces" below the arc have been engraved above the emblem. The octagonal star and crescent are white. There are two numbers on the ribbon, "1918" on the left side and "2008" on the right side.
The number "90" is engraved below the center of the medal in white.
The reverse side has a smooth surface and the words "90th Anniversary of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Azerbaijan (1918–2008)" written in the center. An eight-pointed star and crescent are depicted on the national ornament.
# Thiago Fernandes

Thiago Fernandes may refer to:
* Thiago Augusto (Thiago Augusto Fernandes, born 1990), footballer
* Thiago Fernandes (footballer, born 1992)
* Thiago Fernandes (footballer, born 2001)
# Donald Canfield

Donald Eugene Canfield (born 1957) is an American geochemist and Professor of Ecology at the University of Southern Denmark known for his work on the evolution of Earth's atmosphere and oceans. The Canfield ocean, a sulfidic partially oxic ocean existing during the middle of the Proterozoic eon, is named after him.

## Education

Canfield was educated at Miami University and Yale University where he was awarded a PhD for research on diagenesis in marine sediments supervised by Robert Berner in 1988.

## Career and research

Canfield has been the director of the Nordic Center for Earth Evolution (NordCEE) since August 2006, and works at the University of Southern Denmark. His research investigates the geobiology of ocean chemistry. Prior to his current position he has worked at the Ames Research Center, Aarhus University, the University of Michigan, the Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology in Germany and the Georgia Institute of Technology. Author of more than 350 articles. Cited nearly 55,000 times. He is Author of Oxygen: A Four Billion Year History (2014) Princeton University Press.

## Awards and honors

Canfield was elected a member of the National Academy of Sciences in 2007. He was awarded the European Geosciences Union's Vladimir Ivanovich Vernadsky Medal in 2010. In 2021, he was knighted by Queen Margrethe II into the Order of the Dannebrog. Canfield is a member of the Royal Society of London, Royal Danish Academy of Sciences and Letters, Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, American Geophysical Union, Society for Microbiology, Geochemical society, and American Academy for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). Canfield is Chair, Danish Institute of Advanced Study (DIAS). He is the Villum Investigator, 2023.
# Shurak

Shurak (Persian: شورك) may refer to:
* Shurak-e Vosta, a village in Kuhbanan County, Kerman Province, Iran
* Shurak, Mazandaran, a village in Babolsar County, Mazandaran Province, Iran
* Shurak, North Khorasan, a village in Maneh and Samalqan County, North Khorasan Province, Iran
* Shurak-e Bala, a village in Jajrom County, North Khorasan Province, Iran
* Shurak, Razavi Khorasan, a village in Chenaran County, Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran
* Shurak-e Maleki, a village in Mashhad County, Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran
* Shurak, Khash, a village in Khash County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran
* Shurak, Nehbandan, a village in Nehbandan County, South Khorasan Province, Iran
* Shurak, Shusef, a village in Nehbandan County, South Khorasan Province, Iran
# Oscillon

In physics, an oscillon is a soliton-like phenomenon that occurs in granular and other dissipative media. Oscillons in granular media result from vertically vibrating a plate with a layer of uniform particles placed freely on top. When the sinusoidal vibrations are of the correct amplitude and frequency and the layer of sufficient thickness, a localized wave, referred to as an oscillon, can be formed by locally disturbing the particles. This meta-stable state will remain for a long time (many hundreds of thousands of oscillations) in the absence of further perturbation. An oscillon changes form with each collision of the grain layer and the plate, switching between a peak that projects above the grain layer to a crater like depression with a small rim. This self-sustaining state was named by analogy with the soliton, which is a localized wave that maintains its integrity as it moves. Whereas solitons occur as travelling waves in a fluid or as electromagnetic waves in a waveguide, oscillons may be stationary.
Oscillons of opposite phase will attract over short distances and form 'bonded' pairs. Oscillons of like phase repel. Oscillons have been observed forming 'molecule' like structures and long chains. In comparison, solitons do not form bound states.
Stable interacting localized waves with subharmonic response were discovered and named oscillons at The University of Texas at Austin. Solitary bursts had been reported earlier in a quasi-two-dimensional grain layer at the University of Paris, but these transient events were unstable and no bonding interaction or subharmonic response was reported.
The cause of this phenomenon is currently under debate; the most likely connection is with the mathematical theory of chaos and may give insights into the way patterns in sand form.
The experimental procedure is similar to that used to form Chladni figures of sand on a vibrating plate. Researchers realized that these figures say more about the vibrational modes of the plate than the response of the sand and created an experimental set-up that minimized outside effects, using a shallow layer of brass balls in a vacuum and a rigid plate . When they vibrated the plate at critical amplitude, they found that the balls formed a localized vibrating structure when perturbed which lasted indefinitely.
Oscillons have also been experimentally observed in thin parametrically vibrated layers of viscous fluid and colloidal suspensions. Oscillons have been associated with Faraday waves because they require similar resonance conditions.
Nonlinear electrostatic oscillations on a plasma boundary can also appear in the form of oscillons. This was discovered in 1989.
# Quarry Lake (Maryland)

Quarry Lake is a manmade lake in the Pikesville area of Baltimore County, Maryland. Originally a marble quarry, it is now one of the deepest lakes in the state. The lake is surrounded by Quarry Lake at Greenspring, a mixed residential development and commercial development that includes single-family homes, condominiums, shops, and office buildings.

## History

The lake itself is a flooded quarry that dates back to 1877. It is located off Greenspring Avenue, between Old Court Road and Smith Avenue. The quarry was likely originally run by the Boyle family, and later transferred to the McMahon family. The McMahon Quarry was purchased by the Arundel Corporation in 1937, and became known as the Greenspring Quarry. The quarry operated to produce crushed stone from a gneissic phase of the Cockeysville Marble, though other minerals were also found at the site. The Arundel Corporation of Baltimore survives as a subsidiary of Vulcan Materials Company.
In 1999, an agreement was reached to allow a new mixed-use development to be constructed on the property. Construction began in 2005, and the first businesses opened starting in 2006, which now include medical office space of LifeBridge Health, Walgreens, and The Fresh Market. The development also features 83 single-family homes and 500 condos.
The center of the development features is 40-acre (160,000 m$^2$) lake, which is 500 feet (150 m) deep, one of the deepest lakes in the state of Maryland.
* The quarry in 1956
* The quarry in 1998, a few years before flooding
* Oblique view in July 2022
# Abu Zar

Abu Zar (Persian: اباذر or ابوذر) may refer to:
# Sepaktakraw Association of Malaysia

The Sepaktakraw Association of Malaysia (Malay: Persatuan Sepaktakraw Malaysia, abbreviated PSM), is the national governing body for sepaktakraw in Malaysia, officially found on 28 January 1960 in Penang, responsible for organising the national Sepak Takraw League, which was held annually since its establishment in 2014, as well as supporting and co-ordinating its state affiliations.
In 2008, the Sepaktakraw Association of Malaysia was temporarily suspended the federation membership status by the International Sepaktakraw Federation (ISTAF), after Ahmad Ismail, the former PSM president, tried to influence some member countries to withdraw from the federation, as a result, the national team cannot to compete in any ISTAF-related events. Meanwhile, Ahmad Ismail was suspended the right to engage in any federation-related enterprise until 2038 for the aforementioned disciplinary offenses. Furthermore, at least five state affiliations consequently withdrew from the national association due to the mentioned problem, such as the Selangor Sepaktakraw Association (PSS), Kelantan Sepak Takraw Federation (GASTAK) as well as the Johor State Sepak Takraw Association (PSTJ), The establishment of a new national governing body by the former state affiliations replacing the PSM was expected.

## History

The increase of sepaktakraw popularity in Penang during the 1940s caused the formation of the ‘Penang Raga Football Sponsor Committee’ on 25 March 1956 at UMNO Hall. Later on 28 January 1960, the committee invited many state representatives to the conference at Building No. 160 on Perak road, Penang, to form a National Sepak Takraw Association, with Mohd Khir Johari served as the first president and Mohd Yussof Latiff as the secretary of the association at that time.

## Board of directors

The following list is featured the current board of directors of the Sepaktakraw Association of Malaysia.
| Position | Name |
| President | Dato Sumali Reduan |
| Deputy President | Dato Abdul Halim Suleiman Dato Seri Abdul Puhat Mat Nayan |
| Vice-president | Tengku Zaihan Che Ku Abd Rahman Awang Sham Haji Amit Dato Abu Jimi Samat |
| Secretary | Datuk Haji Abidullah Hj. Salleh |
| Treasurer | Datuk Dazma Shah |
# Sanjay Bhoi

Sanjay Bhoi is an Indian politician from Odisha in India. He was an MP from the Bargarh (Lok Sabha constituency),of Odisha in India, on the ticket of Indian National Congress in the general election of 2009.

## Early life and education

Sanjay Bhoi, son of Krupasindhu Bhoi, was born in the village of Paikmal in Baragarh,Orissa. He completed his education at CSKM Public School and later pursued further studies at Delhi University, where he obtained his qualifications. Afterward, he worked as a project manager in a multinational software company for six years before returning to Orissa following his father's death.
Recognized for his grassroots leadership, Sanjay has initiated various social service projects in his district, including cultural events aimed at highlighting the challenges of western Orissa. He is actively engaged in efforts to address starvation deaths in the region.

## Political career

An IT professional by education Sanjay was chosen by congress party to contest Lok Sabha election from Bargarh in 2009. He defeated his nearest rival Radharani Panda of Bharatiya Janata Party by over one lakh votes. He was 3rd in 2014 Lok sabha election from Bargarh (Lok Sabha constituency)
# Kiwwada Nahi Nokiwwada Nahi

Kiwwada Nahi Nokiwwada Nahi (Sinhala: කිව්වද නහී නොකිව්වද නහී) is a 2011 Sri Lankan Sinhala comedy action film directed by Srilal Priyadeva and produced by Janitha Marasinghe for Janitha Films. It stars Ranjan Ramanayake, Tennyson Cooray, and Arjuna Kamalanath in lead roles along with Ananda Wickramage and Rex Kodippili. It is the 1162nd Sri Lankan film in the Sinhala cinema. This is brought debut cinema acting for Menaka Pieris. The film has influenced by 2008 Bollywood comedy film Golmaal Returns.

## Cast

* Ranjan Ramanayake as Kalana
* Tennyson Cooray as Sanath Perera
* Arjuna Kamalanath as Ronnie Wickramasinghe
* Ananda Wickramage as Dharme ayya
* Rex Kodippili as Ronnie's father
* Menaka Peiris as Kanchanamala
* Eardley Wedamuni as Parippu Some
* Teddy Vidyalankara as Headmaster
* Tyrone Michael as Kaluwa
* Jeevan Handunnetti as Postman
* Nandana Hettiarachchi as Somasundaram
* D.B. Gangodathenna as Somasundaram's father
* Chanchala Warnasuriya as Chamali, Sanath's wife
* Chathura Perera as Somasundaram's henchman
* Hemantha Iriyagama as Matchmaker
# Monumento ao Bombeiro

The Monumento ao Bombeiro or Monument to the Firefighter is a monument/memorial located in the civil parish of Belas, in the municipality of Sintra, in the central region of Portugal.
The Monumento was designed to honour the service and sacrifice of several firemen, who lost their lives in 1967, during their efforts to rescue people during the torrential downpours that breached the banks of the Jamor River, causing heavy flooding. In addition to the firemen, many people lost their lives and extensive property damage.
Dedicated to Belas' Volunteer Firefighters, the monument was officially dedicated on 24 November 2002, with the presence of the Secretário de Estado adjunto do Ministério da Administração Interna (Adjunct-Secretary of State for the Ministry of Internal Administration), Luís Pais de Sousa and president of the municipality, Fernando Seara, along with other politicians, dignitaries and officials, marking the 35th anniversary of the tragedy. In a speech addressing the crowd, the president of the parish council, Guilherme Dias, reminded the crowd that the statute "served to demonstrate to the people, the respect [we] have for the firefighters. At the bottom we transform in bronze our collective sentiment". In addition to the inauguration, the event served to inaugurate the new vehicles and forest-fighting equipment, ambulances and generators that were acquired for the institution.
A medal was impressed officially to honour the firefighters and pay homage to the people who died in the tragedy.
The monument was designed and created by the artist Bottelho.
# R63 expressway (Czech Republic)

Expressway R63 (Czech: Rychlostní silnice R63) is an expressway in northern Czech Republic. It is completed on the entire length and it serves as a feeder to the D8 motorway. In 2016, R63 was reclassified as I/63.
# ARMM Regional Legislative Assembly

The ARMM Regional Assembly, also known as the ARMM Regional Legislative Assembly (Filipino: Pangrehiyong Kapulungang Pambatasan ng ARMM), was the devolved unicameral regional legislature of the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (ARMM). It was known as the "Little Congress" of the ARMM.

## History

A Regional Assembly was created form ARMM as part of Republic Act No. 6734, otherwise known as the Organic Act for the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao, with the scope and limitations of the Assembly is defined in the Article VII. The 1st ARMM Regional Assembly was elected on February 12, 1990, to serve a three-year term, starting June 30, 1990. The first speaker was Ismael Abubakar Jr.
Elections were held separately from the Philippine general elections from 1990 to 2008, when President Benigno Aquino III decided to suspend the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao, and synchronized it with the Philippine general election, 2013. Officers in charge were appointed until the elections on May 13, 2013.

## Composition

Unlike Provincial Boards, where the Vice Governor heads the legislature, the ARMM Regional Legislative Assembly is headed separately by a Speaker which was the third highest-ranking official of the ARMM government. It is composed of three members for every congressional district. The current membership is 24, where 6 are from Lanao del Sur including Marawi City, 6 from Maguindanao, 6 from Sulu, 3 from Basilan and 3 from Tawi-Tawi.
Regular members (3 members/district) and sectoral representatives, have 3-year terms; maximum of 3 consecutive terms.
The Assembly exercises legislative power in the autonomous region, except on the following matters: foreign affairs, national defense and security, postal service, coinage and fiscal and monetary policies, administration of justice, quarantine, customs and tariff, citizenship, naturalization, immigration and deportation, general auditing, national elections, maritime, land and air transportation, communications, patents, trademarks, trade names and copyrights, foreign trade. It may also legislate on matters covered by the Shari’ah, the law governing Muslims.
# Ivan Shevtsov

Ivan Shevtsov (Russian: Иван Михайлович Шевцов; 1920–2013) was a Soviet novelist, known in the West for the anti-semitic aspects of his 1965 novel Aphid.
# Krupište

Krupište (Macedonian: Крупиште) is a village in the municipality of Karbinci, North Macedonia.

## Demographics

According to the 2002 census, the village had a total of 336 inhabitants. Ethnic groups in the village include:
* Macedonians 313
* Turks 12
* Aromanians 10
* Others 1
As of 2021, the village of Krupishte has 274 inhabitants and the ethnic composition was the following:
* Macedonians – 222
* Romani – 6
* Person without Data - 46
# Adolph Schellschmidt

Adolph H. Schellschmidt (August 30, 1867 – March 18, 1946) was an American cellist and composer. He wrote, studied, taught and performed classical and chamber music. He was nicknamed "the dean of cellists."

## Early life and education

Adolph Schellschmidt was born on August 30, 1867, in Indianapolis, Indiana. He was one of seven siblings. The family was very musical, with all children learning how to play an instrument to participate in the family chamber orchestra. His father, Adolph, taught Schellschmidt how to play the violin when Schellschmidt was ten. Two years later, at the age of 12, he began playing cello after seeing Thedodore Hahn perform in Cincinnati.
Schellschmidt eventually studied under Hahn in Chicago. Schellschmidt also learned how to play clarinet at this time. He lived for a time in New York City, where her performed and was a member of the Musicians Protective Union. When he was 26, Schellschmidt traveled to Europe to study, and played in the first performance of Death and Transfiguration, conducted by Richard Strauss. In Europe, he also studied under Louis Hegyesi. He studied, alongside his sister Emma, at the Cologne Conservatory from 1890 until 1893.

## Career

In 1893, Schellschmidt returned to Indianapolis from Europe. He started teaching at the Indianapolis Conservatory of Music. He started performing with the Schliewan String Quartet and co-organized the Kammermusik Society. Eventually, he joined the faculty at DePauw University, where he taught for 17 years and oversaw the glee club. He also taught at Indiana University from 1919 until 1921. He was a member and teacher at the Arthur Jordan Conservatory for 26 years. As of 1898, Schellschmidt taught at his personal studio, alongside his sisters Emma, on harp, and Bertha on violin. He was nicknamed "Schelley" by his students.

## Later life and death

Schellschmidt died on March 18, 1946, at his home in Indianapolis after being sick for nine weeks. In tribute, the Arthur Jordan Conservatory yearbook, Opus, was dedicated to Schellschmidt.

## Legacy

Schellschmidt's sheet music collection is held in the collection of the Indiana State Library. His papers are in the collection of DePauw University.
# Börü, Kyrgyzstan

Börü (Kyrgyz: Бөрү, romanized: Börü) is a village in Osh Region of Kyrgyzstan. It is part of the Kara-Suu District. Its population was 2,237 in 2021. The town of Papan is 4.5 kilometres (2.8 miles) to the south.