OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Georg Goltermann

    Georg Eduard Goltermann should not be confused with Julius Goltermann (1825–1876), the cello teacher of David Popper.
Georg Eduard Goltermann (19 August 1824 – 29 December 1898) was a German cellist, composer and conductor.

## Life

Goltermann was born in Hannover. His father was an organist, and therefore he got an early introduction to music. He received cello lessons from Joseph Menter [de] in Munich, the most important Bavarian cello virtuoso of his time. He took composition lessons from Ignaz Lachner. He also learned to conduct.
In 1852, after briefly touring Europe as a solo cellist, he became music director in Würzburg. In 1853 he accepted an offer to become deputy music director of the municipal theater Stadttheater in Frankfurt am Main, where he was promoted to Kapellmeister (principal music director) in 1874. He died in Frankfurt am Main.

## Works

Some of Goltermann's works were very popular at the time and are still used for teaching purposes. Goltermann composed eight cello concertos, of which the fourth is the most famous. This "student's concerto" is the easiest of his first five concertos, and it is studied fairly widely. His music is rarely performed in professional concerts. It is deemed to lack the musicality of true concertos, and though it has been praised for its melodious and pleasant nature, it is not considered inspired. Instead his concertos are studied by students to learn technique and get a basic understanding of concerto style. Concerto No. 1 has maintained a presence in today's standard repertoire. The slow movement entitled Cantilena was often played separately as a cello solo. An early recording of this movement played by Pablo Casals exists. All 8 concertos are for cello and orchestra, though the orchestral parts can be difficult to find now.
* Concerto No. 1 in A minor, Op. 14
* Concerto No. 2 in D minor, Op. 30
* Concerto No. 3 in B minor, Op. 51
* Concerto No. 4 in G major, Op. 65
* Concerto No. 5 in D minor, Op. 76
* Concerto No. 6 in D major, Op. 100
* Concerto No. 7 in C major, Op. 103
* Concerto No. 8 in A major, Op. 130
There are other works for orchestra including a symphony in A, Op. 20, published by Breitkopf & Härtel in 1852 and released in 2023 on the Capriccio label.
Many of Goltermann's shorter works for cello are in the lower and medium technical difficulty level.
* Nocturne in D minor for cello and piano, Op. 43, No. 3
* Nocturne in G major for cello and piano, Op. 49, No. 1
* Nocturne in G major for cello and piano, Op. 54, No. 1
* Nocturne in B minor for cello and piano, Op. 59, No. 1
* Nocturne in E minor for cello and piano, Op. 92, No. 1
* 3 Romances sans paroles for solo cello, Op. 90
* La Foi for cello and piano, Op. 95, No. 1
* 2 Duos en forme de sonate, Opp. 15 and 25.

### Concerto No. 4 in G Major

The fourth cello concerto is often performed by students due to its relative ease of play. It is divided into 3 movements:
* 1. Allegro (G Major)
* 2. Andantino (B Minor—B Major—B Minor)
* 3. Allegro Molto (G Major)
# Nikica Klinčarski

Nikica Klinčarski (Macedonian: Никица Клинчарски; born 5 January 1957) is a Macedonian retired footballer.

## Club career

He played a total of 518 matches for FK Partizan being by this the second player with most games played in the club, behind Momčilo Vukotić with 752. He played in the Major Indoor Soccer League in the United States under the name of Nicky Klincarski.

## International career

He played a total of eight matches for Yugoslavia national football team. His debut was crowned with a goal on 22 March 1980 in Sarajevo against Uruguay (2-1 win) and his last match was on 30 March 1983 in Timişoara against Romania (2–0 win).

## Honours

Partizan
* Yugoslav First League: 1977–78, 1982–83
* Yugoslav Cup: 1988–89
* Mitropa Cup: 1977–78
List of international goals scored by Nikica Klinčarski :
| No. | Date | Venue | Opponent | Score | Result | Competition |
| 1 | 22 March 1980 | Sarajevo, Yugoslavia | Uruguay | 1–0 | 2–1 | Friendly |
# Baba Shamal

The Persian-language journal Baba Shamal (Persian: باباشمل) was one of the most famous political satire magazines in Iran. It was published weekly between 1943 and 1945 by Reżā Ganjaʾī (1918–1995). After his return from Europe in 1947, 50 volumes more were distributed. Ganjaʾī was a cabinet member and a university professor for engineering. Before and after his publishership Ganjaʾī held some important positions in ministries and in the banking and insurance sector. He published his articles under the pseudonym “Donb-al-mohandesīn“. Many well-known Iranian satirists, poets and authors belong to his supporters and co-workers, i.a. Rahī Moʿayyerī (Zāḡča), Eqteṣād (Shaikh Pašm-al-Dīn), Fozūnī (Mohandes-al-Šoʿarāʾ) and Ṣahbā (Shaikh Somā).
The journal was widespread in Iran and was characterized by its everyday language and colloquial style. The general satirical opinion of the authors found its expression in current daily politics which was supplemented by partly colored caricatures and drawings. In general the journal's position was nationalistic, independent and moderate. However, its critique led – under the pressure of censorship – to its suspension in 1947.
# Tsuranov

Tsuranov (Russian: Цуранов) is a Russian masculine surname, its feminine counterpart is Tsuranova. It may refer to
* Konstantin Tsuranov (born 1972), Russian sport shooter
* Yury Tsuranov (1936–2008), Russia sports shooter, father of Konstantin
# Karl Christoph, Duke of Münsterberg

Charles Christopher, Duke of Münsterberg (also Charles Christopher of Poděbrady, Czech: Karel Krištof z Poděbrad or Karel Krištof z Minstrberka; 22 May 1545, Oleśnica – 17 March 1569, Oleśnica) was duke of Münsterberg from 1565 until his death. He also held the title of Count of Glatz.

## Life

Charles Christopher, Duke of Münsterberg was a member of the Münsterberg branch of the House of Poděbrady. His parents were Duke John of Münsterberg-Oels and his first wife Christina Catherine of Schidlowitz (Czech: Kristyna Katarzyna Szydłowiecka; 1519–1556).
In 1558 Charles Christopher undertook a Grand Tour through Europe and then stayed at the court of Emperor Ferdinand I. After the death of his father, who had married his second wife Margaret (d. 1580), a daughter of Duke Henry II of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel since 1561, Charles Christopher inherited in February 1565 the duchy of Münsterberg. The Duchy of Oels was inherited his cousin Charles II, the Duchy of Bernstadt was inherited by his brother Henry III. Like his father and his brothers Charles Christopher supported the Reformation in his territory. In 1567, Catholic services were suspended in the Peter and Paul cathedral in Münsterberg.
Charles Christopher was not married, and died after a short reign only four years later at the age of 24 years. With his death the rule of the House of Poděbrady in Münsterberg ended. The duchy fell to the Bohemian Crown as a vacant fief. The other lines of the Poděbrady family were allowed to use the title of "Duke of Münsterberg" until the Poděbrady family died out in 1647.
Ten years after Charles Christopher's death his cousin Barbara of Bieberstein donated a marble epitaph to the Castle Church at Oels. It was probably created by Hans Fleiser (also called Gruyter) and shows Duke Charles Christopher clad in armour.
# 2022 in Dutch television

This is a list of events that took place in 2022 related to television in the Netherlands.

## Events

* 1 January – Broadcasting associations Ongehoord Nederland and Omroep Zwart become part of the Dutch public broadcasting system.
* 7 January – The first episode of season 12 of The Voice of Holland airs. The season was cancelled on 15 January due to abuse of power and sexual misconduct allegations against crew members of the show.
* 5 March – Fresia Cousiño Arias wins the 22nd season of Wie is de Mol?.
* 26 March – Salar Abassi Abraasi wins Big Brother 2022, the second cooperation season of the Dutch and Belgian version of Big Brother.
* 5 May – Niels Gomperts wins Expeditie Robinson: All Stars.
* 14 May – S10 represents the Netherlands in the final of the Eurovision Song Contest 2022 held in Turin, Italy with the song De diepte.
* 27 May – Steven Brunswijk, Toine van Peperstraten and Dionne Slagter win the second season of De Verraders.
* 11 December – Luna represents the Netherlands at the Junior Eurovision Song Contest 2022 held in Yerevan, Armenia. She finished in 7th place.
* 19 December – Dennis Wilt wins Expeditie Robinson 2022.
* 30 December – Jeroen van der Boom wins the fourth season of The Masked Singer.
* 31 December – Jim Bakkum wins the New Year's Eve Special of The Masked Singer.

## Debuts

* 16 January – Van je familie moet je het hebben, game show presented by Leo Alkemade and Leonie ter Braak
* 3 June – Blow Up, game show presented by Martijn Krabbé and Chantal Janzen
* 3 October – The Genius, game show

## Endings

* 28 April – SpangaS, youth series

## Networks and services
### Conversions and rebrandings

| Old network name | New network name | Type | Conversion Date | Notes | Source |
| Spike | Paramount Network | Cable television | 24 May | | |

### Closures

| Network | Type | End date | Notes | Sources |
| Comedy Central Extra | Cable television | 31 December | | |
# Chuchkovo

Chuchkovo (Russian: Чучково) is the name of several inhabited localities in Russia.
# Hamad Al-Ansari

Hamad Al-Ansari (Arabic: حماد الأنصاري, 1925–1997) was a Muslim scholar of the 20th century who served as a faculty member at the Islamic University in Madinah. Al-Ansari specialized in the Islamic science of hadith, but his academic contributions spanned all Islamic sciences, and he was influential over many current prominent scholars and Islamic figures.

## His life and lineage

Al-Ansari's lineage traces back to the companion of Muhammad, Saʽd ibn ʽUbadah, who was a leader in the tribe of Al-Khazrag. Thus, his full name is Hamad bin Muhammad Al-Ansari Al-Khazragi Al-Saʽdi.

## His family

Al-Ansari grew up in Mali, West Africa, in a scholarly family where his paternal and maternal uncles were scholars and judges. His father died when he was young, which led him to be raised by his mother and uncles. One of his paternal uncles, nicknamed Al-Bahr (Arabic for the Sea), was renowned for his vast knowledge and was esteemed as the leading scholar in the entirety of West Africa.

## Early studies

At the age of 8, Al-Ansari memorized the Quran. He pursued traditional Islamic studies, delving into Arabic grammar and rhetoric, Hadith studies, and fiqh (Islamic jurisprudence), where he memorized the Maliki jurisprudence text Mukhtasar of Khalil.

## Escaping persecution

At 21, Al-Ansari, along with some friends, decided to leave Mali, then under English and French occupation, due to persecution faced by scholars and students of Islamic studies.Their destination was Mecca. They embarked on their journey by camel, traveling through countries like Niger, Nigeria, and Sudan, encountering scholars and students of knowledge along the way.

## Entering Saudi Arabia

Al-Ansari arrived in Mecca at 23, where he encountered scholar Hamid Faqi, who taught him Islamic creed and Hadith sciences and introduced him to the works of Ibn Taymiyyah, Ibn al-Qayyim, the Wahhabi School, and Muhammad bin Abdulwahab. He also studied under Abdur-Rahman al-Mu'allimee al-Yamani and Taqi-ud-Din al-Hilali. In 1953, he moved to Riyadh, working as a teacher supervised by Muhammad ibn Ibrahim Al ash-Sheikh. After 11 years, he relocated to Madinah to teach at the Islamic University until his passing.
Al-Ansari established a small library near the Holy Mosque in Madinah, where students conducting graduate studies at the Islamic University sought his guidance on research, general inquiries, and feedback on their work. His library housed numerous manuscripts, primarily focusing on Athari creed or Hadith sciences.

## His status

Al-Ansari was a respected scholar, attracting students worldwide to seek accreditation from him. Eminent scholars and government officials would consult him on creedal, jurisprudential, and societal matters. Some of the scholars who used to consult him include: Ibn Baz, Abu Bakr Al-Jazaeri, Bakr Abu Zayd, and Saleh Al-Luhaidan.

## Death

Al-Ansari passed away at the age of 74 on Wednesday, October 22, 1997, after falling into a nine-month coma due to a medical error. He was buried in Madinah, near the burial site of Muhammad's daughters.
# Gusheh-ye Sofla

Gusheh-ye Sofla (Persian: گوشه سفلي) or Gusheh-ye Pain (Persian: گوشه پائين), both meaning "Lower Gusheh", may refer to:
* Gusheh-ye Sofla, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad
* Gusheh-ye Sofla, Markazi
* Gusheh-ye Sofla, South Khorasan
# Agiashvili

The House of Agiashvili (Georgian: აგიაშვილი) is a Georgian noble family, whose roots can be traced back to the 12th century noble family House of Omatmatidze (ომათმათიძე). The Omatmatidze-Agiashvili family were entitled as the joint-High Constables (ციხისთავი) from the mid XV century. In XVII century they got the commander title and since 1753 — Heads of Royal Guard (ქეშიქთუხუცსეი) of the Kingdom of Imereti. House of Agiashvili held the key fortress of Q’araula, Ts'uts'khvat'i )near Kutaisi) and church of t’q’achiri and monastery of ch’alistavi in western Georgia. In 1810, they were actively fighting for independence of Kingdom of Imereti, for which their land incurred losses. After the Russian annexation of Imereti, they were received among the princely nobility of the Empire on the 6th December, 1850 (Russian: Агиашвили, Агияшвили).
# Aleksandr Yatsko (actor)

Aleksandr Vladimirovich Yatsko (Russian: Алекса́ндр Влади́мирович Яцко́; born 1958) is a Soviet and Russian theater and film actor, director, Honored Artist of Russia (2005).

## Biography

Aleksandr Yatsko was born on June 13, 1958, in Minsk.
In 1980 he graduated from the architectural faculty of the Belarusian National Technical University. In 1985 he graduated from Moscow Art Theater School.
From 1985 to 1993 worked in the Taganka Theater, where he played in the plays based on the works of Moliere, Maxim Gorky, Mikhail Bulgakov. Since 1993 actor of the Mossovet Theater).
From January to June 2016, he led the program Disclosing Mystical Secrets on TV channel Moscow Trust.

## Career
### Theater

* Dog Waltz as Karl
* Ruy Blas as Don César de Bazan, comte de Garofa
* Suddenly Last Summer as Doctor
* Mother Courage and Her Children as regimental priest
* The Seagull as doctor
* Cyrano de Bergerac as Comte Antoine de Guiche
* The Government Inspector as Mayor
* Jesus Christ Superstar as Pontius Pilate
* Les Liaisons dangereuses as Valmont
* Woe from Wit as Pavel Afanasyevich Famusov
* Wolves and Sheep as Berkutov

### Cinema

* The Secret Walk (1985) as Max von Görlitz, Wehrmacht Lieutenant
* The Russia House (1990) as Russian writer
* The Ice Runner (1993) as Dmitry
* Sacred Cargo (1995) as Oleg
* The Peacemaker as Russian corporal
* Country of the Deaf (1998) as The Albino
* House of Fools (2002) as episode
* Poor Nastya (2003) as Prince Aleksandr Repnin
* Young Wolfhound (2007) as Tirgei
* Spiral (2014) as Boris
* Londongrad (2015) as Kiril Savenko
* Kitchen (2015) as Anton Vladimirovich
* To the Lake (2022) as Magus
* Aeterna (2022) as Count Larak, Chief Advisor to the Royal House
* Chaliapin (2023) as Mikhail Vrubel

## Personal life

Was married to actress Yelena Valyushkina (Formula of Love). They have two children: son Vasily (1997) and daughter Maria (2002).
# Minab (disambiguation)

Minab is a city in Hormozgan Province, Iran.
Minab (Persian: ميناب) may also refer to:
* Minab, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari
* Minab, Sistan and Baluchestan
* Minab County, in Hormozgan Province
# Belaya Glina

Belaya Glina (Russian: Бе́лая Гли́на) is the name of several rural localities in Russia:
* Belaya Glina, Krasnodar Krai, a selo in Beloglinsky Rural Okrug of Beloglinsky District of Krasnodar Krai
* Belaya Glina, Sverdlovsk Oblast, a village in Verkhotursky District of Sverdlovsk Oblast
# Usando

Usan-do (Korean: 우산도, 于山島) is a historical name for an island in the Sea of Japan described in Korean records. It was part of the ancient state of Usan-guk, but its exact identity is disputed. It may refer to:
* Jukdo, a Korean island 4 km east of Ulleungdo.
* The Liancourt Rocks, a disputed group of islets now known as Dokdo in Korea and Takeshima in Japan.

## Old Korean maps of Usan-do

* Usan-do
* Joseon map (1530)
* Joseon map (1530): Ulleungdo (鬱陵島) and Usando (于山島)
* Kim Jeong-ho "Daedongyeojido" (1861): Ulleungdo (鬱陵島) and Usando (于山)
* Kim Jeong-ho "Daedongyeojido" (1861): East of Ulleungdo (鬱陵島) and Usando (于山)
* A map by the Korean Empire (1899): Ulleungdo (鬱陵島) and Usan (于山) as Jukdo
* Aerial photograph of Jukdo Island (for reference)
# Qarah Tulki

Qarah Tulki or Qareh Tulki or Qareh Towlki (Persian: قره تولكي), also rendered as Kara Tulki or Ghareh Tavakol, may refer to:
* Qarah Tulki-ye Olya
* Qarah Tulki-ye Tazehkand
# Bezanjerd-e Eslami

Bezanjerd-e Eslami (Persian: بزنجرداسلامي, also Romanized as Bezanjerd-e Eslāmī; also known as Bejangerd and Pezhangerd) is a village in Bakharz Rural District, in the Central District of Bakharz County, Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 260, in 60 families.
# Paul Robeson: Speak of Me as I Am

Paul Robeson - Speak of Me As I Am is a 1998 documentary film directed by Rachel Hermer. It is a co-production of BBC Wales/New Jersey Public Television series produced by Richard Trayler-Smith and Max Pugh, about the life of singer, actor and activist, Paul Robeson. It features rare extensive archival footage of Robeson in the former Soviet Union, including footage of Robeson at Yalta with Nikita Khrushchev and many of Robeson's homes and landmarks as they look today. There are also interviews with Robeson's two main biographers, Lloyd Brown and Martin Duberman. As of 2009, Paul Robeson - Speak of Me As I Am is the most extensive documentary on Paul Robeson that the BBC has ever been involved with.

## Cast

* Paul Robeson
* Pam Grier (narrator)
* Martin Duberman
* Lloyd Brown
* Oscar Peterson, Jr.
* Sterling Stuckey
* Jefferey C. Stewart
# Samraong Commune (Tram Kak District)

Samraong Commune (Khmer: ឃុំសំរោង) is a khum (commune) in Tram Kak District, Takéo Province, Cambodia.

## Administration

As of 2019, Samraong Commune has 16 phums (villages) as follows.
| No. | Code | Village | Khmer |
| 1 | 21091001 | Trapeang Chaeng | ត្រពាំងចែង |
| 2 | 21091002 | Kaoh Nhai | កោះញ៉ៃ |
| 3 | 21091003 | Krabei Prey | ក្របីព្រៃ |
| 4 | 21091004 | Chan Teab | ចានទាប |
| 5 | 21091005 | Trapeang Chhuk | ត្រពាំងឈូក |
| 6 | 21091006 | Krang Banteay | ក្រាំងបន្ទាយ |
| 7 | 21091007 | Pong Tuek | ពងទឹក |
| 8 | 21091008 | Paen Meas | ប៉ែនមាស |
| 9 | 21091009 | Ta Sman | តាស្មន់ |
| 10 | 21091010 | Prey Ta Dok | ព្រៃតាដុក |
| 11 | 21091011 | Prasout Thmei | ប្រសូតថ្មី |
| 12 | 21091012 | Trapeang Thma | ត្រពាំងថ្ម |
| 13 | 21091013 | Ta Saom | តាសោម |
| 14 | 21091014 | Prey Kokir | ព្រៃគគីរ |
| 15 | 21091015 | Ta Paen | តាប៉ែន |
| 16 | 21091016 | Sambuor | សំបួរ |
# Soviet Heavy Draft

The Soviet Heavy Draft is a Russian breed of heavy draft horse. It derives from the Belgian Brabant heavy draft breed. It was developed in the former Soviet Union for agricultural draft work, and was recognized as a breed in 1952.$^{:324}$ It is one of several heavy draft breeds developed in the Soviet Union in the twentieth century, others being the Russian Heavy Draft – which derived mainly from the Ardennais – and the Vladimir Heavy Draft, which was derived principally from the Clydesdale.

## History

The Russian Empire had no indigenous breeds of heavy draft horse.$^{:277}$ The origins of the Soviet Heavy Draft date to the late nineteenth century, at the Khrenovski stud farm in Voronezh Oblast. Imported Brabant draft stallions from Belgium were cross-bred with mares of various types: some were of Ardennais, Jutland, Percheron or Suffolk Punch draft type, others were riding horses.$^{:324}$ Breeding was later transferred to the Pochinki Stud Farm in Pochinki, in Nizhny Novgorod Oblast, with another center at the stud farm of Gavrilov Posad, in Ivanovo Oblast, and another in Mordovia.$^{:325}$
The breeding range covered a broad area in central-southern Russia. In 1885 there were three Brabant stallions in that area; in 1895 there were fifty-eight, by 1950 almost four hundred, and nearly nine hundred in 1945. There was strong demand for powerful agricultural horses, and the area of influence of the Brabant stallions spread. They were used in the creation of the Estonian and Lithuanian Heavy Draft breeds.$^{:325}$
The Soviet Heavy Draft was named and officially recognized in 1952.$^{:325}$ In 1980 the total population was about 35,000, of which almost 4,000 were pure-bred.$^{:272}$

## Characteristics

The selective breeding that created the Soviet Heavy Draft resulted in a massively-built horse with free-moving gaits.
It has a straight or convex profile, and a short neck. The torso is wide and muscular, with a wide strong back and a muscular sloping croup. The abdomen is rounded. The legs are short and sturdy with solid joints and broad rounded hooves.$^{:111}$

## Use

The Soviet Heavy Draft was created for draft work in agriculture and industry. It is also used in the production of meat and milk. Mares are moderately fertile (65–75%), and foals are fast-growing, reaching 350–400 kg when weaned. The highest recorded milk yield per lactation is 6,320 kg.$^{:325}$
It was among the breeds used in the development of the Bulgarian Heavy Draft in the later twentieth century.$^{:448}$
# Dorothea Orem

Dorothea Elizabeth Orem (June 15, 1914 – June 22, 2007), born in Baltimore, Maryland, was a nursing theorist and creator of the self-care deficit nursing theory, also known as the Orem model of nursing.

## Education

Orem received a nursing diploma from Providence Hospital School of Nursing in Washington, D.C. She also attended Catholic University of America, earning a Bachelor of Science in Nursing Education in 1939 and a Master of Science in Nursing Education in 1945.
Orem has been awarded honorary doctoral degrees from Georgetown University, Incarnate Word College and Illinois Wesleyan University.

## Self-care deficit nursing theory

Orem's nursing theory states self-care as a human need, and nurses design interventions to provide or manage self-care actions for persons to recover or maintain health.

## Nursing diagnosis

Orem was a member of the group of nurse theorists who presented Patterns of Unitary Man (Humans), the initial framework for nursing diagnosis, to the North American Nursing Diagnosis Association in 1982.

## Awards

* 1980: Alumni Achievement Award for Nursing Theory, Catholic University of America

## Death

At the age of 92, Orem died on June 22, 2007, in Savannah, Georgia, where she had spent the last 25 years of her life as a consultant and author.
# Pyotr Gorlov

Pyotr Nikolayevich Gorlov (Russian: Пётр Никола́евич Го́рлов; 11 May 1839 in Irkutsk, Irkutsk Governorate, Russian Empire – 20 November 1915) was a Russian geologist and engineer who explored coal deposits in the Donets Basin, the Caucasus, Central Asia and Ussuri Krai. The city of Horlivka was named after him; the city has a monument in honor of him.