OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Ragnhild Sundby

Ragnhild Andrine Sundby (6 June 1922 – 29 November 2006) was a Norwegian zoologist who specialized in entomology. She was the first female professor at the Norwegian College of Agriculture, located in Ås.

## Early life and education

Sundby, the daughter of Halvor Sundby (a farmer) and Wilhelmine Stokke, grew up on a farm in Hof in Vestfold County in the south of Norway. After passing her school matriculation examination in 1944, she first attended the National Gymnastics School (Statens gymnastikkskole) and then studied zoology at the University of Oslo, graduating in 1951. She immediately received a scholarship from the Norwegian Research Council for Science and the Humanities in order to investigate the causes of violent fluctuations in miner moth populations. She was given a position as research assistant at the University of Oslo in 1955. In 1958, she earned a doctorate for a dissertation which concluded the fluctuations of miner moth populations were mainly a result of parasitic wasps.

## Career

Thanks to her doctorate, in 1958 she was appointed senior lecturer at the Norwegian College of Agriculture where she was charged with expanding the Department of Zoology. In 1969, she was promoted to full professor, the first woman to hold such a position at the college. In 1987, she became its first female Deputy Rector.
In 1959, Sundby spent 15 months at the University of California working with Paul DeBach, an expert on biological (rather than chemical) means of insect control. Together they studied the effects of parasitic wasps on various insect pests. Their work led to Competitive displacement between ecological homologues (1963) which concluded that two or more species with similar ecological requirements cannot live together. When Sundby returned to Norway in 1960, her interest in biological control increasingly turned from research to conservation, as she came up with proposals for alternatives to chemical control. Sundby chaired the Norwegian Entomological Society twice: from 1954 to 1959, and from 1964 to 1967. She also became involved in environmental issues. From 1972 to 1978 she chaired the Norwegian Society for the Conservation of Nature (Norges Naturvernforbund) and from 1974 to 1989 she was a member of Statens naturvernråd (Natural Protection Council).

## Selected publications

* Sundby, Ragnhild (1957). The parasites of Phyllocnistis labyrinthella Bjerk and their relation to the population dynamics of the leaf miner (PDF). John Griegs boktrykkeri.
* Sundby, Ragnhild; DeBach, Paul (1963). "Competitive displacement between ecological homologues". Hilgardia, Vol 34, No. 5: 105–166. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
* Sundby, Ragnhild; Taksdal, Gudmund (1969). "Surveys of parasites of Hylomyia brassica, and H. floralis in Norway". Norsk entomologisk tidsskrift, No. 16: 97–106. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
* Sundby, Ragnhild (1970). Insekter: Oversikt over norske insektgrupper (in Norwegian). Universitetsforlaget.
* Sundby, Ragnhild, ed. (1976). Rapport fra Nordisk Råds utvalg for biologisk bekjemping av skadedyr (NUBBS) (in Norwegian). Nordisk Råd.
# Gmina Długołęka

Gmina Długołęka is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Wrocław County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland. Its seat is the village of Długołęka, which lies approximately 13 kilometres (8 mi) north-east of the regional capital Wrocław. It is part of the Wrocław metropolitan area.
The gmina covers an area of 212.41 square kilometres (82.0 sq mi), and as of 2019 its total population is 33,022.

## Neighbouring gminas

Gmina Długołęka is bordered by the city of Wrocław and by the gminas of Czernica, Dobroszyce, Oleśnica, Trzebnica, Wisznia Mała and Zawonia.

## Villages

The gmina contains the villages of Bąków, Bielawa, Bierzyce, Borowa, Brzezia Łąka, Budziwojowice, Bukowina, Byków, Dąbrowica, Długołęka, Dobroszów Oleśnicki, Domaszczyn, Godzieszowa, Jaksonowice, Januszkowice, Kamień, Kątna, Kępa, Kiełczów, Kiełczówek, Krakowiany, Łosice, Łozina, Michałowice, Mirków, Oleśniczka, Pasikurowice, Piecowice, Pietrzykowice, Pruszowice, Raków, Ramiszów, Siedlec, Skała, Śliwice, Stępin, Szczodre, Tokary, Węgrów, Wilczyce and Zaprężyn.

## Twin towns – sister cities

Gmina Długołęka is twinned with:
* Fossano, Italy
* Sarny, Ukraine
* Velen, Germany
# Central District (Alexandria)

The Central District or Downtown (Egyptian Arabic: وسط البلد Wust El Balad) is an old district in Alexandria, Egypt. It is home to several malls, shops and restaurants.
# William Norton (rugby union)

William Barron Norton (28 April 1862 – 17 December 1898) was a Welsh international rugby union three-quarter who played club rugby for Cardiff Rugby Football Club and international rugby for Wales. He was awarded six caps for Wales.

## Rugby career

Norton was one of the earliest Welsh internationals and first represented his country in 1882, in the team's first ever encounter with Ireland. Captained by Charles Lewis, Norton entered a team containing ten new caps, after the Welsh team were humiliated in their inaugural game against England. Wales won the game making it the very first international victory for the team. Norton was reselected for the next five matches, completing the entirety of the 1883 and 1884 Home Nations Championships. Wales lost both games of the 1883 Championship, and the opening two games of the 1884 tournament, but were successful for the final game of the series against Ireland. The 1884 Irish game saw the Ireland team arrive two players short and were forced to borrow two Welsh players to complete their team. Although the last game of Norton's international career, he ended by scoring his only try for his country.

### International matches played

Wales
* England 1882, 1884
* Ireland 1882, 1884
* Scotland 1883, 1884
# Para Ti... 14 Éxitos Originales

Para Ti 14 Exitos Originales is a compilation album released by Juan Gabriel in 1988.

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Juan Gabriel

## Charts

| Chart (1987-1988) | Peak position |
| US Latin Pop Albums (Billboard) | 4 |

## Album certification

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| United States (RIAA) | 4× Platinum (Latin) | 400,000$^^$ |
| $^^$ Shipments figures based on certification alone. |||
# Shoksha quartzite

61°29′N 35°2′E﻿ / ﻿61.483°N 35.033°E﻿ / 61.483; 35.033
Shoksha quartzite, Shoksha porphyry, or crimson quartzite (Russian: малиновый кварцит, literally "raspberry quartzite") is quartzose sandstone of deep red color variously described as purple or crimson resembling true porphyry. It is named after Shoksha, Karelia [ru], a village in Prionezhsky District, Karelia, Russia, close to its deposits. Currently it is mined mostly in the nearby miner's settlement of Kvartzitny [ru] by Lake Onega. Its shades of red color is due to iron oxides.
This durable and expensive material was used for decoration of many Russian palaces, cathedrals and sculptures.
Scrap crimson quartzite is of various utility in Russia. Due to its high heat resistance it is used for fireplaces in banyas and saunas. Its durability makes it suitable for pavements. Due to its aesthetic qualities it is used minor decorations, etc.
In Soviet times the major usage of Shoksha quartzite was in glass industry, for grinding balls and linings used in grinders for grinding mineral components for glass.
In 1981 the estimated volume of the Shiksha quartzite field was over 1.3 million cubic meters.

## Notable uses

* Napoleon's tomb
* Decorations of the lift hall of Hilton Moscow Leningradskaya, one of "Stalinist skyscrapers"
* Several elements of Saint Isaac's Cathedral, including details of the bust to the cathedral's architect Auguste de Montferrand
* Friezes in the main façade of Saint Michael's Castle
* Pedestal of the Tsar Nicholas I monument
* Letters "LENIN" and some other elements of Lenin's Mausoleum
# Kalateh-ye Nay

Kalateh-ye Nay (Persian: كلاته نايي, also Romanized as Kalāteh-ye Nāy; also known as Nā’ī) is a village in Bala Velayat Rural District, in the Central District of Kashmar County, Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 125, in 22 families.
# 1985 Afro-Asian Cup of Nations

The 1985 Afro-Asian Cup of Nations was the second edition of the Afro-Asian Cup of Nations, it was contested by Cameroon, winners of the 1984 African Cup of Nations, and Saudi Arabia, winners of the 1984 AFC Asian Cup. Cameroon won on aggregate over the two legs. This edition were helds after the 1978 edition between Ghana and Iran which was normally the first edition one, however it was cancelled after the 1st leg.

## Qualified teams

| Country | Qualified as | Previous appearance in tournament |
| Cameroon | 1984 African Cup of Nations champions | Debut |
| Saudi Arabia | 1984 Asian Cup champions | Debut |

## Match details
### First leg

| Cameroon | Saudi Arabia |
Cameroon: :
| GK | 1 | André Marie Boé |
| DF | – | Charles Toubé |
| DF | – | Christian Ebwéa Bilé |
| DF | 5 | Emmanuel Kundé (c) |
| DF | – | Voungai Salomon |
| MF | – | Émile Mbouh |
| MF | – | André Kana-Biyik |
| MF | – | Jean-Jacques Missé-Missé | 1 |
| MF | – | Louis-Paul Mfédé |
| FW | 9 | Roger Milla | 2 |
| FW | – | François Omam-Biyik |
| Substitutes: |||
| GK | – | Jacques Songo'o |
| DF | – | Victor N'Dip |
| MF | – | Oumarou Mamoudou | 1 |
| MF | – | Laurent Ebendeng Mengue | 2 |
| FW | – | Adama "Zico" Haman |
| Manager: |||
| Claude Le Roy |||
Saudi Arabia: :
| GK | 1 | Abdullah Al-Deayea |
| DF | 4 | Sameer Abdulshaker |
| DF | 5 | Samadou | 79' |
| DF | 6 | Ahmad Al-Bishi |
| DF | 7 | Fahad Al-Bishi |
| MF | 10 | Fahad Al-Musaibeah |
| MF | 12 | Bandar Serour |
| MF | 13 | Mohamed Abd Al-Jawad |
| FW | 9 | Majed Abdullah |
| FW | 14 | Saleh Khalifa Al-Dosari |
| FW | 18 | Hussam Abu Dawud |
| Substitutes: |||
| DF | 3 | Hussein Al-Bishi | 75' |
| Manager: |||
| Khalil Al-Zayani |||
| Assistant referees: ... ... (...) ... ... (...) Fourth official: ... ... (...) | Man of the Match: Roger Milla (Cameroon) |

### Second leg

| Saudi Arabia | Cameroon |
Saudi Arabia: :
| GK | 1 | Abdullah Al-Deayea |
| DF | 2 | Nasser Al-Mansoor |
| DF | 4 | Sameer Abdulshaker |
| DF | 5 | Saleh Nu'eimeh (c) |
| DF | 6 | Ahmad Al-Bishi | 70' |
| DF | – | Jamal Mohammed |
| MF | 7 | Fahad Al-Bishi |
| MF | 10 | Fahad Al-Musaibeah |
| MF | 13 | Mohamed Abd Al-Jawad |
| FW | 18 | Hussam Abu Dawud | 80' |
| FW | – | Mohaisen Al-Jam'an |
| Substitutes: |||
| MF | – | Naser Al-Dossari | 75' |
| FW | – | Saleh Khalifa Al-Dosari | 80' |
| Manager: |||
| Khalil Al-Zayani |||
Cameroon: :
| GK | 1 | André Marie Boé |
| DF | – | Charles Toubé |
| DF | – | Voungai Salomon |
| DF | – | Christian Ebwéa Bilé |
| DF | – | Edmond Enoka |
| DF | 5 | Emmanuel Kundé (c) |
| MF | – | Émile Mbouh |
| MF | – | Louis-Paul Mfédé |
| MF | – | Oumarou Mamoudou | 2 |
| FW | – | François Omam-Biyik |
| FW | – | Adama "Zico" Haman | 1 |
| Substitutes: |||
| MF | – | Dagobert Dang | 1 |
| MF | – | Jean-Jacques Missé-Missé | 2 |
| Manager: |||
| Claude Le Roy |||
| Assistant referees: ... ... (...) ... ... (...) Fourth official: ... ... (...) | Man of the Match: ... ... (...) |

## Winners

Cameroon won 5–3 on aggregate.
* 1985 Afro-Asian Cup of Nations
* Cameroon 1st title
# Nikolayevka (selo), Nikolayevsky Selsoviet, Mikhaylovsky District, Altai Krai

Nikolayevka (Russian: Николаевка) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative center of Nikolayevsky Selsoviet, Mikhaylovsky District, Altai Krai, Russia. The population was 925 as of 2013. There are 9 streets.

## Geography

Nikolayevka lies in the Kulunda Steppe 11 kilometers (6.8 mi) to the east of lake Gornostalevo and close to the Russia-Kazakhstan border. It is located 27 kilometers (17 mi) northwest of Mikhaylovskoye (the district's administrative centre) by road. Bastan is the nearest rural locality.
# Davorin Trstenjak

Davorin Trstenjak (8 November 1817 – 2 February 1890) was a Slovene writer, historian and Roman Catholic priest.

## Life

Trstenjak was born in the village of Kraljevci near Sveti Jurij ob Ščavnici, in what was then the Austrian Duchy of Styria (now in Slovenia). He attended the elementary school in his home village and later in Bad Radkersburg (Slovene: Radgona) where he met the philologist Peter Dajnko, with whom he established a close friendship. He studied at the lyceum in Maribor and later in Graz, where he became a supporter of the Illyrian movement, a Romantic nationalist cultural movement that spread from the neighbouring Croatia, and which advocated a cultural and linguistic unification of the South Slavic peoples.
After graduating from theology, he was ordained in 1844, then he served as a chaplain in the Lower Styrian villages in Slivnica pri Mariboru (1844–46), Ljutomer (1847), Hajdina (1848), and the town of Ptuj (1849–50). From 1850 until 1861, he was a chaplain and then a catechist in Maribor. From 1861 until 1868, he was the parish priest in Šentjur, then from 1868 until 1879 in Ponikva, and from 1879 until his death in Stari Trg near Slovenj Gradec.

## Work
### Philology and history work

Trstenjak collaborated closely with the Slovene-Croatian poet and ethnologist Stanko Vraz. Influenced by the theories of Ján Kollár and Pavel Jozef Šafárik, two influential [Slovak] philologists who advocated Pan-Slavic ideals, Trstenjak wrote several historical books, in which he claimed that the Slavs were the most ancient people in Europe (an antecedent of the Venetic theory). However, he gave up these claims after he found they were scientifically untenable.

### National awakening work

During the Spring of Nations in 1848, Trstenjak became an enthusiast supporter of the United Slovenia program. As a close collaborator of Matija Majar, the author of the program, Trstenjak helped in raising signatures for the establishment of a unified political entity comprising all Slovenian ethnic territory. After 1849, he established contacts with Janez Bleiweis and Lovro Toman who became the leaders of the Slovene National Movement in the 1850s and early 1860s. In 1863, he was among the co-founders of the prestigious publishing house and scientific society Slovenska matica. He was also a collaborator of the bishop Anton Martin Slomšek. In 1877, upon his initiative, a marble plaque to Slomšek was unveiled on his birth house in Uniše.

### Literary work

Trstenjak was also a writer and poet. He wrote in a typically Romantic manner, following the example of France Prešeren and Josipina Turnograjska. He rejected the literary realism of the younger generations of Slovene authors who entered the scene in the mid-1860s: he strongly polemicised against Fran Levstik and rejected the poetry of Simon Gregorčič and Josip Stritar, as well as the circle around the literary journal Ljubljanski zvon. In 1878, he was elected the first president of the Slovene Writers' Association.
# Law Institute of Lithuania

The Institute of Law (Lithuanian: Teisės institutas) is a law research establishment, founded in 1991 by the Government of the Republic of Lithuania seeking to coordinate the reform of the legal system and law institutions, to combine it with the economic and social reorganization carried in the country. The founder of the Institute is the Ministry of Justice of the Republic of Lithuania. The main areas of research interests of the Law Institute are as follows: public law (paying most attention to the problems of criminal law, constitutional law and criminal justice) and criminology.

## Functions

The Institute performs the following functions while trying to achieve its aims:
* Carries the applied scientific researches of the legal system;
* Collects, analyses, systematizes and provides the state institutions with the legal and criminological information;
* Carries the legal and criminological expertise of laws and other legal acts as well as draft legal acts.

## Governance

Past acting directors:
* 1991–1992 Juozas Galginaitis
* 1992-2002 Antanas Dapšys
* 2002-2009 Algimantas Čepas
* 2009-2010 Petras Ragauskas
* 2010-2012 Algimantas Čepas
* 2012-2013: Margarita Dobrynina
* 2013: Algimantas Čepas
* since 2014: Jurgita Paužaitė-Kulvinskienė
# Qalandar-e Olya

Qalandar-e Olya (Persian: قلندرعليا, also Romanized as Qalandar-e ‘Olyā; also known as Shāh Qalandar) is a village in Zangvan Rural District, Karezan District, Sirvan County, Ilam Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 66, in 10 families. The village is populated by Kurds.
# Yuri Syomin (footballer)

Yuri Viktorovich Syomin (Russian: Юрий Викторович Сёмин; born 7 February 1968) is a former Russian football player.
# Vasily Stroganov

Vasily Vasilyevich Stroganov, also known as Stroganoff, (Russian: Василий Васильевич Строганов, 10 January [O.S. 29 December] 1858, Vyazma, – 24 September 1938) was a Russian physician specializing in obstetrics and gynaecology. His works mostly dealt with treatment of eclampsia. The Stroganoff method is named after him.
# Qaraçanlı

Qaraçanlı or Garachanly (Persian: قره‌چان‌لی) may refer to:
* Aşağı Qaraçanlı, Kalbajar, Azerbaijan
* Baş Qaraçanlı, Kalbajar, Azerbaijan
* Orta Qaraçanlı, Kalbajar, Azerbaijan
* Mozqaraçanlı, Kalbajar, Azerbaijan
# Ploufragan

Ploufragan (French pronunciation:; Breton: Ploufragan) is a commune in the Côtes-d'Armor department of Brittany in northwestern France.
Ploufragan lies adjacent to the southwest of Saint-Brieuc, the prefecture and largest city of Côtes-d'Armor.

## Population

Inhabitants of Ploufragan are called ploufraganais in French.
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| 1793 | 2,020 | — |
| 1800 | 1,852 | −1.23% |
| 1806 | 1,969 | +1.03% |
| 1821 | 2,252 | +0.90% |
| 1831 | 2,581 | +1.37% |
| 1836 | 2,467 | −0.90% |
| 1841 | 2,458 | −0.07% |
| 1846 | 2,596 | +1.10% |
| 1851 | 2,493 | −0.81% |
| 1856 | 2,536 | +0.34% |
| 1861 | 2,494 | −0.33% |
| 1866 | 2,604 | +0.87% |
| 1872 | 2,573 | −0.20% |
| 1876 | 2,642 | +0.66% |
| 1881 | 2,785 | +1.06% |
| 1886 | 2,793 | +0.06% |
| 1891 | 2,904 | +0.78% |
| 1896 | 2,779 | −0.88% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| 1901 | 2,733 | −0.33% |
| 1906 | 2,716 | −0.12% |
| 1911 | 2,720 | +0.03% |
| 1921 | 2,685 | −0.13% |
| 1926 | 2,785 | +0.73% |
| 1931 | 2,904 | +0.84% |
| 1936 | 3,131 | +1.52% |
| 1946 | 3,259 | +0.40% |
| 1954 | 3,511 | +0.94% |
| 1962 | 4,022 | +1.71% |
| 1968 | 5,109 | +4.07% |
| 1975 | 8,395 | +7.35% |
| 1982 | 10,289 | +2.95% |
| 1990 | 10,583 | +0.35% |
| 1999 | 10,579 | −0.00% |
| 2007 | 10,832 | +0.30% |
| 2012 | 11,346 | +0.93% |
| 2017 | 11,546 | +0.35% |
Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on Phabricator and on MediaWiki.org. :
Source: EHESS and INSEE (1968–2017) :
# Holywell Community Hospital

Holywell Community Hospital (Welsh: Ysbyty Cymuned Treffynnon) is a community hospital in Halkyn Road, Holywell, Flintshire, Wales. It is managed by the Betsi Cadwaladr University Health Board.

## History

The hospital was commissioned to replace the old Holywell Cottage Hospital, which had been established in Pen-Y-Maes Road in 1909, as well as the old Lluesty Hospital, which had been established on the Old Chester Road in 1840 and Holywell Clinic on Park Lane, which opened more recently. The new facility, which was designed by TACP Architects and built at a cost of £8.3 million, opened in March 2008.
# Nokian Footwear

Nokian Footwear (Finnish: Nokian Jalkineet) is a Finnish manufacturer of rubber boots. It was a part of Nokia (which is today known for its mobile phones) from 1967 to 1990, when it split into its own company. It was acquired by the Finnish company Berner [fi] in 2005.

## History

The company's history extends back to 1898, when Eduard Polón and a group of other Finnish businessmen decided to establish the company Suomen Gummitehdas Oy (Finnish Rubber Works Ltd) in Helsinki. After operating for a few years, the factory began to produce rubber galoshes, which competed successfully against Russian imports. After several years of production in Helsinki, the factory was moved to the town of Nokia. Soon after, the company began to use the brand Nokia, communicating Finnishness, and to distinguish itself from the cheaper Russian products.
Suomen Gummitehdas was soon manufacturing rubber goods ranging from machine belts to hoses and vehicle tyres. Later Suomen Gummitehdas Oy changed its name to a more modern Suomen Kumitehdas Oy. In 1967, Suomen Kumitehdas and Kaapelitehdas (The Cable Company) merged with the forest and power industry company Nokia Osakeyhtiö (Nokia Company) to form Nokia Corporation, the current telecommunications corporation. The group's fields of business were the rubber, cable and forest industries as well as electricity generation and electronics.
At the end of the 1980s, the different industrial sectors of Nokia Corporation decided to focus on their own areas of expertise. Nokian Tyres left in 1988 to form its own, independent company and two years later, in 1990, Nokian Footwear was founded. The parent company Nokia Corporation focused on telecommunications and divested itself of all of its other divisions. Nokian is "Nokia" in the genitive, thus Nokian Footwear meaning "Footwear of Nokia".
In 2005, the Finnish family business Berner bought Nokian Footwear and assumed ownership of the Nokian Footwear brands and closely guarded rubber recipes. They sell retro design classics such as Hai and Kontio rubber boots.

## Milestones

* 1898 – Finnish Rubber Works Ltd (Suomen Gummitehdas Oy) founded in Helsinki.
* 1904 – Factory moves to the town of Nokia.
* 1967 – Finnish Rubber Works, The Cable Company and Nokia Company merged, thereby forming Nokia Corporation.
* 1973 – Kontio, a classic full-length rubber boot for men, introduced.
* 1990 – Split from Nokia Corporation. Nokian Footwear Ltd. founded.
* 2005 – Berner [fi] acquires Nokian Footwear.