OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Fall of Agadir

The Fall of Agadir refers to the conquest of the city in Morocco by the Saadians against the Portuguese in 1541.

## Background
### Establishment and trade role

Agadir had been a Portuguese base since 1505. Before that, a few unsuccessful attempts to capture it had been made by the Spanish Governor of the Canary Islands, in 1500 and 1504. The first Portuguese fort was built privately in 1505 by a Portuguese countryman, and the King of Portugal officially acquired it in 1513, also enlarging it and calling it Santa Cruz do Cabo de Gue.
Agadir was an important base, as it was sufficiently far south to connect to the sub-Saharan trade, mainly dealing in gold and slaves. Its role was so important that the southern Saadians under Araj initially refrained from attacking the city, between 1513 and 1525, until the capture of Marrakesh, and instead attacked the cities of Safi and Azemmour.

## Siege

The conquest of Agadir was finally achieved by Saadian leader Muhammad al-Shaykh. He was able to mount the campaign as a peace had been signed with the northern Wattasids, through the 1527 Treaty of Tadla.
He first built a kasbah on top of a hill to observe the city and direct his troops more efficiently. The Kasbah is still visible to this day, located about 7 kilometers from the city center.
He then set up a siege that lasted 6 months, until the Portuguese Governor of Agadir had to surrender. He used Western artillery, which he had obtained from European traders.
The city had been poorly manned and provisioned by the Portuguese. Reinforcements were too sporadic. At one point a barrel of powder exploded which opened a gaping hole in the city's defenses. The Portuguese had also lost local support following the assassination of their allies Yahia u-Ta'fuft of Safi in 1518, and Malik ibn Mawud of Agadir in 1521.

## Aftermath

After taking the city, Muhammad al-Shaykh reinforced its defences. The capture of the city was followed by the removal of the Portuguese presence in most of Morocco; the ports of Safi and Azammur were also evacuated by the Portuguese in October 1541. Ksar es-Seghir and Asila were also evacuated in 1550, after the Saadians captured Fez, capital of Wattasid Morocco, in 1549. Only Ceuta, Tangier and Mazagan remained in Portuguese hands. This considerably reinforced Muhammed al-Shaykh's personal prestige, and opened the way to his conquest of the Moroccan throne.
Under the Portuguese, Agadir had been an important trading center between Europe and Morocco, particularly for the products of Sus. Agadir later continued to develop as a trading base with Europe, receiving European cloth and wheat in exchange for gold and sugarcane. At the end of the 17th century, the harbour fell under the rule of the Tazerwalt leaders, who were opposed to the Alaouites. When the Alouites gained supremacy in the 18th century, they closed the harbour of Agadir, in favour of the harbour of Essaouira further north.
# Saint-Coulitz

Saint-Coulitz (French pronunciation:; Breton: Sant-Kouled) is a commune in the Finistère department in the region of Brittany, northwestern France.

## Population

Inhabitants of Saint-Coulitz are called in French Saint-Coulitziens.
# Finansavisen

Finansavisen is a Norwegian business newspaper published by Hegnar Media in Oslo, Norway.

## History and profile

Finansavisen was first published on 1 October 1992 by Trygve Hegnar, who is also editor-in-chief. The paper has its headquarters in Oslo. It has also an associated online edition. It has a right-wing and neoliberal political stance.
The 1997 circulation of Finansavisen was 11,477 copies. The paper had a circulation of 23,274 copies in 2006. In 2013 the circulation of the paper was 24,742 copies.
# Jyväskylä Airport

Jyväskylä Airport (IATA: JYV, ICAO: EFJY; Finnish: Jyväskylän lentoasema) is an airport in Jyväskylä, Finland. It is in the center of the Finnish Lake District, about 20 kilometres (12 mi) north of the center of Jyväskylä. The airport terminal was renovated in the fall of 2004.
The Air Force Academy operations are stationed at the airport. The main campus of the Air Force Academy is about 5 kilometres (3 mi) from the airport. The Aviation Museum of Central Finland is near the airport.

## History

The airport was founded as an air-force base in 1939. The first commercial flight left the airport 6 years later in 1945.
On August 2, 2010, Finncomm Airlines announced it will stop its service between Helsinki and Jyväskylä on August 16, 2010. However the break was very short as Finnair and Finncomm reached an agreement in September 2010 that Finncomm will take over several Finnair's domestic routes. As a result of that, Finnair stopped its flights to Jyväskylä in late October 2010 and Finncomm started to operate those flights as co-operation with Finnair. On September 9, 2011, Finnair announced that they will end flights to Jyväskylä, the last flight would be on October 29, 2011. Finnair flights to Jyväskylä had been operated by Finncomm Airlines. Finnair has been responsible for ticket sales on the route, Finncomm being solely the operator. After the joint acquisition of Finncomm Airlines by Finnair and Flybe Nordic, it was announced that the link to Helsinki would be taken over by the new FlyBe Nordic on 30 October. The service between Helsinki and Jyväskylä was then operated by NyxAir until the spring of 2021, when it became non-operational; a new PSO tender re-enabled a twice-daily service which started operating October 31, 2022.

## Airlines and destinations

The following airlines operate regular scheduled and charter flights at Jyväskylä Airport:
| Airlines | Destinations |
| Finnair | Helsinki |

## Statistics

Annual passenger statistics for Jyväskylä Airport :
| Year | Domestic passengers | International passengers | Total passengers | Change |
| 2005 | 140,187 | 9,811 | 149,998 | −1.8% |
| 2006 | 135,223 | 14,099 | 149,322 | −0.5% |
| 2007 | 125,476 | 13,465 | 138,941 | −7.0% |
| 2008 | 112,831 | 15,787 | 128,618 | −7.4% |
| 2009 | 92,144 | 12,045 | 104,189 | −19.0% |
| 2010 | 74,982 | 13,626 | 88,608 | −15.0% |
| 2011 | 75,131 | 13,719 | 88,850 | 0.3% |
| 2012 | 46,139 | 19,081 | 65,220 | −26.6% |
| 2013 | 37,237 | 13,333 | 50,570 | −22.5% |
| 2014 | 39,387 | 16,319 | 55,706 | 10.2% |
| 2015 | 51,761 | 10,083 | 61,844 | 11.0% |
| 2016 | 51,603 | 10,845 | 62,448 | 1.0% |
| 2017 | 56,814 | 11,152 | 67,966 | 8.8% |
| 2018 | 59,512 | 12,567 | 72,079 | 6.1% |
| 2019 | 57,027 | 9,545 | 66,572 | −7.6% |
| 2020 | 10,502 | 88 | 10,590 | −84.1% |
| 2021 | 2,220 | 2,372 | 4,592 | −56.6% |
| 2022 | 3,407 | 7,573 | 10,980 | 139.1% |
| 2023 | 21,869 | 1,623 | 23,492 | 114% |

## Ground transport

There are no public transit connection directly to the passenger terminal. A car rental service is available. Taxi is available upon request. Bus-line number 22 goes from a nearby town to downtown Jyväskylä.
# George Moore (pentathlete)

Colonel George Bissland Moore (October 6, 1918 – July 4, 2014) was an American modern pentathlete who competed at the 1948 Summer Olympics in London, where he won a silver medal in that year's modern pentathlon competition. Born in St. Louis, Missouri, he graduated from the Lawrenceville School in Lawrenceville, New Jersey in 1936. He was a track and field athlete at the United States Military Academy prior to becoming involved in the modern pentathlon. He served during World War II and was injured, earning a Purple Heart, two Bronze Star Medals, and the Legion of Merit. He later taught at the United States Military Academy before retiring in 1965 to pursue computer management and educational administration. He worked at the Lawrenceville School, his alma mater, until the 1980s.
# Invasion (2017 film)

Invasion (Persian: هجوم) is a 2017 Iranian crime film directed by Shahram Mokri. It was screened in the Panorama section at the 68th Berlin International Film Festival.

## Cast

* Babak Karimi
* Abed Abest
* Levon Haftvan
* Pedram Sharifi
# Church of St. George, Bobota

The Church of St. George (Croatian: Crkva svetog Đorđa, Serbian Cyrillic: Црква светог Ђорђа) in Bobota is Serbian Orthodox church in eastern Croatia. The church is famous for its icons in the iconostasis that were painted in 1778. During the Croatian War of Independence, administration of Eparchy of Osječko polje and Baranja sent the icons on the restoration and preservation in Vojvodina. The icons were returned to the church after the end of war. The decision to remove the cultural property from the church caused controversy and was an open issue in Croatia–Serbia relations up until the final return of icons.

## History

First Eastern Orthodox Christians in Bobota are mentioned in document from 1366 during the Kingdom of Hungary rule in the region. 30 Serb households are mentioned in 1558 during the Ottoman Hungary period. One older Serbian Orthodox church, mentioned in 1733, existed at the site of the present day church. The decision to build a new one was made in 1762 when the Village Knez (petty nobility title) Jovan Nedeljković. Until 1866 the village was organized into two Serbian Orthodox parishes with two priests with families living in Bobota. Up until the beginning of the World War I the church tower had a 600 kilogram four rings built in Pest which were then confiscated by the Austro-Hungarian Army. After the establishment of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes new four rings of 1400 kilograms were made in Ljubljana. During the World War II in Yugoslavia and the Genocide of Serbs in the Independent State of Croatia the church was converted into a Roman Catholic church. At the final stage of the war in 1945, Yugoslav Partisans burned down the parish building which was next to the church. The new parish building was built in 1952 during the early years of the existence of the Socialist Republic of Croatia.
# Cörmigk

Cörmigk is a village and a former municipality in the district Salzlandkreis, in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany.
Since 1 January 2010, it is part of the town Könnern.
# George Davies (rugby union)

George Davies (25 December 1875 – 23 July 1959) was a Welsh international rugby union forward who played club rugby for Llandeilo and Swansea. A two time Triple Crown winner, Davies would represent his country on nine occasions. A skillful player, Davies was unfortunate to be playing during the same period as Rhys Gabe, who was the selectors' first choice at his position. It was all the more unfortunate for Davies as it was a collision between himself and Gabe, during a Swansea match, that caused an injury that would allow Gabe to take his position for Wales.

## Rugby career

Davies originally played rugby at the lower-level team Llandeilo, whom he captained for two seasons, but on moving to Swansea impressed enough to be capped for Wales. In 1905, he was part of the Swansea team that faced the Original All Blacks on their first British tour.
Davies was first capped for Wales on 6 January 1900 against England, partnered with his Swansea colleague, Dan Rees. He would play for Wales another eight times, scoring a try against Ireland in 1900, and converting four goals in the 1905 Triple Crown winning season. When he was recalled for the 1905 tournament he was switched from centre to fullback for all three matches.

### International matches played

Wales
* England 1900, 1901, 1905
* Ireland 1900, 1901, 1905
* Scotland 1900, 1901, 1905
# Estonian Modern Pentathlon Association

Estonian Modern Pentathlon Association (abbreviation EMPA; Estonian: Eesti Moodsa Viievõistluse Liit) is one of the sport governing bodies in Estonia which deals with modern pentathlon.
EMPA is established on 20 April 1990 in Tallinn. EMPA is a member of International Modern Pentathlon Union (UIPM).
# Hatim ibn Harthamah ibn al-Nadr

Hatim ibn Harthamah ibn al-Nadr (Arabic: حاتم بن هرثمة بن النضر) was a provincial governor for the Abbasid Caliphate.
Hatim was the son of Harthamah ibn al-Nadr al-Jabali, who was appointed governor of Egypt in 847. When Harthamah fell ill in 849, he appointed his son as his successor, and following Harthamah's death Hatim was confirmed as governor by the Turkish general Itakh. After holding the governorship for slightly over a month, however, Hatim was dismissed and replaced with 'Ali ibn Yahya al-Armani.
# Dag og Tid

Dag og Tid (English: Day and Time) is a national weekly newspaper in Norway that uses the Nynorsk standard of the Norwegian language.
Dag og Tid was founded in 1962. Contrary to most other Norwegian newspapers, its circulation has recently increased significantly, nearly doubling over the last two decades.

## History and profile

Dag og Tid was founded in 1962. The paper is published weekly. Its headquarters is located in Oslo.
Dag og Tid is politically independent, but editorially radical. It focuses on culture and politics. It is owned by various persons and groups. The current editor is Svein Gjerdåker.
In the 2010s, Dag og Tid was one of few Norwegian print newspapers with a substantial increase of readers. Its circulation in 2015 was 10,948, up from 7,228 copies in 2008.

## Circulation

Numbers from the Norwegian Media Businesses' Association, Mediebedriftenes Landsforening.
* 1993: 6263
* 1994: 5886
* 1995: 6011
* 1996: 6375
* 1997: 6728
* 1998: 6766
* 1999: 6319
* 2000: 6318
* 2001: 6671
* 2002: 6519
* 2003: 6982
* 2004: 7029
* 2005: 7054
* 2006: 7206
* 2007: 7228
* 2008: 7223
* 2009: 7531
* 2010: 8338
* 2011: 8729
* 2012: 9132
* 2013: 9582
* 2014: 10764
* 2015: 10914
# Lin Yungai

Lin Yungai (simplified Chinese: 林云陔; traditional Chinese: 林雲陔; 2 February 1881 – 4 October 1948) was a Chinese politician also known as Gongjing (公競) or by the courtesy name Yigong (毅公).

## Career

Lin received his early education at a school in Gaozhou. In 1909, he began attending a school in Guangzhou. He joined the Tongmenghui while still a student. In Guangzhou, Lin met Zhu Zhixin and participated in the Yellow Flower Mound Uprising of 1911. The next year, he graduated and took part in a Gaozhou based revolt.
Lin pursued further study in law and politics at St. John's University in New York City, returning to China in 1918. Throughout the 1920s, Lin held several government posts in Guangdong. He was first named Mayor of Guangzhou in 1923, and later served as Chairman of the Guangzhou City Council in 1927, before assuming the mayoralty for a second time between 1928 and 1931. Lin then served as Vice Chairman of the Guangdong Provincial Government under Chen Jitang and Lin Yizhong between 1931 and 1936. He succeeded Huang Musong as minister of the Mongolian and Tibetan Affairs Commission later that year, but was shortly thereafter named auditor-general of the Republic of China. Lin held the post until his death on 4 October 1948.
# Melanie McCann

Melanie J. McCann (born 8 October 1989) is a Canadian modern pentathlete and a member of the Canadian national team. McCann placed 4th at the 2011 Pan American Games which qualified her to compete in the following Olympics. At the 2012 Summer Olympics, she finished in 11th place in the women's competition. In June 2016, she was named in Canada's Olympic team, and finished 15h at the Olympics.
# Arslan Satubaldin

Arslan Saparniyazovich Satubaldin (Russian: Арслан Сатубалдин; born 14 August 1984) is a Kazakhstani former footballer who played as a goalkeeper.

## Early life

Satubaldin was born in Kazakhstan in 1984. He changed his last name from Begnepesov to Satubaldin.

## Career

Satubaldin started his career with Kazakhstani side Okzhetpes. On 7 June 2006, debuted for the club during a 0–2 loss to Ekibastuzets. In 2007, he signed for Kazakhstani side Zhetysu. In 2008, he signed for Kazakhstani side Atyrau. After that, he signed for Kazakhstani side Okzhetpes. In 2010, he signed for Kazakhstani side Taraz. After that, he signed for Kazakhstani side Astana. In 2011, he signed for Kazakhstani side Kaisar. After that, he signed for Kazakhstani side Aktobe. In 2012, he signed for Kazakhstani side Astana-64. In 2013, he signed for Kazakhstani side Tobol. In 2016, he signed for Kazakhstani side Altai. In 2017, he returned to Kazakhstani side Taraz.

## Personal life

He has been married. After retiring from professional football, he worked as a goalkeeper coach.
# Walid Abukhaled

Walid Abdulmajid Abukhaled is the CEO of Saudi Arabian Military Industries (SAMI) and the former Chief Executive of the global defense and aerospace corporation Northrop Grumman in the Middle East. He is a board member of Dussur.

## Career

Abukhaled is from Saudi Arabia. He resides in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. He holds a Bachelor's degree in industrial and management systems engineering from the University of South Florida.
He is the a board director of the DUSSUR Company, the Vice Chairman of the Board Northrop Grumman Mission Systems Arabia, and a member of Northrop Grumman Council for Diversity & Inclusion.

## Awards

* Arabian Business Achievement KSA Awards - 2015
* Entrepreneur of the year award “ Enterprise Agility – Thought Leadership 2018” Entrepreneur Middle East
# Constitution Hill, Aberystwyth

Constitution Hill (Welsh: Craig-glais Welsh pronunciation:) is a hill in the Welsh town of Aberystwyth, situated to the north of the town.
The hill overlooks Cardigan Bay in Ceredigion, Wales, running between the town and the coastal settlements Borth and Clarach to the north. The site provides good views of the Aberystwyth, and the sightline extends as far as Snowdonia National Park and north Pembrokeshire.
Since 1896, the Aberystwyth Cliff Railway has ascended to the hill's summit, and the summit features a camera obscura, which is a 1980s rebuild of a Victorian era building which was erected as part of the "Luna Park" recreation area.
At its peak runs the Clarach Footpath on the Wales Coast Path, which connects the town of Aberystwyth with Clarach Bay. Nearby is the Borth – Clarach Site of Special Scientific Interest. The hill itself is often referred to as "Consti" by locals.

## Description

Constitution Hill is located on the western coast of Wales on Cardigan Bay, lying north of the town of Aberystwyth and to the south of the Clarach Bay holiday park. The hill is traversed from south to north by the Wales Coast Path.
At the base of the hill there is an apotropaic site, where people stop at a metal piece in the ground, and perform a ritual known as "kicking the bar", using the soles of their feet. The origin of this custom is unknown, with researchers having several theories as to its origin.

## Human history

From medieval times up until the early twentieth century, Constitution Hill was the site of several large quarries which, along with others in the area, provided much of the stone required to build the town of Aberystwyth including its castle.
In 1895 the Aberystwyth Improvement Company was formed, a business venture with the goal of developing the hill for leisure and tourism. The company was financed by businessman George Newnes and the project to develop the hill was engineered by George Croydon Marks. The company developed the hill extensively over the following years, including the construction of a restaurant and arcades at the bottom, a theme park called Luna Park and the original camera obscura, and the Aberystwyth Cliff Railway. The Luna Park development did not survive long, as successive summers of poor weather in the early twentieth century limited visitor numbers. The railway, which operated over a length of 778 feet (237 m) on a standard gauge at a gradient steeper than 50%, and opened in 1896, proved more successful. Initially powered by pouring water into a tank in the descending car, it was converted to electric operation in 1921.
The original camera obscura and other Victorian features on the hill's summit were abandoned and became derelict during the first half of the 20th century, and by 1959 only one building remained. The site was redeveloped in the 1980s, with the modern camera obscura and other facilities being built.
# 25th Karbala Division

25th Karbala Division (Persian: لشکر 25 کربلا) was a division of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps.
It was first officially formed as the 2nd Karbala Brigade (تیپ 2 کربلا) during the Iran–Iraq War, and was later expanded into a division.
According to Mohsen Rezaei, after a series of unsuccessful Iranian offensive operations in late stages of the Iran–Iraq War, it was decided to form several new brigades in the IRGC, and one new "special" division. The Karbala Division was later selected to be the special division. A team consisted of Hossein Basir, Mohammad Hassan Tusi, and other commanders were tasked to organize this division, and Morteza Ghorbani was appointed as its commander. Since then, the division was called 25th Karbala Special Division (لشکر 25 ویژه کربلا). The division was employed in the First Battle of al-Faw, which was successful in capturing the strategic Al-Faw Peninsula. According to Iranian sources, Iraqi General Maher Abd al-Rashid had described the unit as a "black scorpion" that should be destroyed, possibly a reference to their black frogman suits during the battle.

## Sepah-e Karbala

The division was merged with a Basij unit in the Mazandaran Province to form the Mazandaran Karbala Provincial Corps during the rearrangement of the IRGC units in 2008.
# Gertrud Adelborg

Gertrud Virginia Adelborg (10 September 1853 – 25 January 1942) was a Swedish teacher, feminist and leading member of the women's rights movement.

## Biography

Gertrud Adelborg was born on 10 September 1853 at Karlskrona in Blekinge County, Sweden. She was the daughter of Naval Captain and nobleman Bror Jacob Adelborg (1816–1865) and his wife Hedvig Catharina af Uhr (1820–1903). She was the sister of book illustrator Ottilia Adelborg (1855–1936) and textile artist Maria Adelborg (1849–1940). She never married. Adelborg was educated by a governess at home and in girls' schools. She worked as a teacher from 1874 to 1879, and was employed at Svea Court of Appeal (Swedish: Svea hovrätt) from 1881 to 1883.
Adelborg was active within the Swedish women's movement and the struggle for women's suffrage. She worked for the bureau of the Fredrika Bremer Association (FBF) from 1884 to 1907 (from 1886 as chairperson of the Stockholm chapter) and was a member of the central committee of FBF from 1897 to 1915. She initiated the FBF Country School for Women (Swedish: Landthushållningsskola för kvinnor) at Rimforsa in Östergötland where she belonged to the school board from 1907 to 1921.
In 1899, a delegation from the FBF presented a suggestion of women's suffrage to Prime Minister Erik Gustaf Boström. The delegation was headed by Agda Montelius, accompanied by Adelborg, who had written the demand. This was the first time the Swedish women's movement themselves had officially presented a demand for suffrage.
Adelborg was a member of the central committee in the National Association for Women's Suffrage (Swedish: Landsföreningen för kvinnans politiska rösträtt, LKPR) from 1903 to 1906. In 1907, she headed the LKPR delegation which presented their demand to the monarch King Oscar II of Sweden himself. She reminded Oscar II of the reforms regarding women's rights which had been passed by his father King Oscar I of Sweden, and continued by expressing her hope that "the son of Oscar I would attach his name to a suggestion of women's suffrage". According to Lydia Wahlström: "as soon as the king heard the name of his father, his interest was awoken", and Oscar II promised his support, but added that as a constitutional monarch he could not do much, and that the doubted the present government would. Adelborg's role within the suffrage work was described as important but less public: she took on secretarial tasks, made investigations, structured work and was the author of many of its publications and manifests.
She was a co-founder of the anti-sex trafficking organization Vaksamhet.
Adelborg lived in retirement at Gagnef in Dalarna County. She was awarded the Swedish Royal Medal of Illis Quorum in 1907. Gertrud Adelborg died in 1942 and was buried in Gagnef.
# Janet Culp

Janet Culp (born February 24, 1982) is an American synchronized swimmer who competed in the women's team event at the 2008 Summer Olympics.
She graduated from Santa Clara University in 2004.