OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Michel Desmurget

Michel Desmurget is a French researcher and writer specializing in cognitive neuroscience.

## Biography

Son of a French father and a German mother, Desmurget is a doctor in neurosciences. He works at the Marc Jeannerod Institute of Cognitive Sciences, which is jointly financed by the (French National Centre for Scientific Research and the University of Lyon.
He lived in the United States for nearly eight years, working at several American universities, including the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Emory University, and the University of California, San Francisco. In 2011, he was appointed "directeur de recherche" (an academic rank equivalent to full professor) at the Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale.
His research covers the effects that television and exposure to screens of all kinds produce on our health and our cognitive development, especially in childhood and adolescence.
He wrote TV lobotomie: La vérité scientifique sur les effets de la télévision (2011), which denounces the harmful effects of television on health and cognitive development, especially in children. He has also studied the effects of various slimming diets on the body and recounts his experience in L'Anti-régime, maigrir pour de bon (2018).
The book La Fabrique du crétin digital: Les dangers des écrans pour nos enfants (2019) (Screen Damage: The Dangers of Digital Media for Children) was described by France Inter radio as a "public health book", and was awarded the Femina Prize for essay in 2019.
# Elbasan District

Elbasan District (Albanian: Rrethi i Elbasanit) was one of the 36 districts of Albania, which were dissolved in July 2000 and replaced by 12 counties. It had a population of 224,974 in 2001, and an area of 1,290 km$^2$ (500 sq mi) It was in the centre of the country, and its capital was the city of Elbasan. Its territory is now part of Elbasan County: the municipalities of Elbasan, Belsh and Cërrik.

## Administrative divisions

The district consisted of the following municipalities:
* Belsh
* Bradashesh
* Cërrik
* Elbasan
* Fierzë
* Funarë
* Gjergjan
* Gjinar
* Gostimë
* Gracen
* Grekan
* Kajan
* Klos
* Labinot-Fushë
* Labinot-Mal
* Mollas
* Papër
* Rrasë
* Shalës
* Shirgjan
* Shushicë
* Tregan
* Zavalinë
# Josh Thomas (blues guitarist)

Josh Thomas (born c. 1970) is an Australian blues guitarist born in Adelaide, South Australia. His family comes from the Northern Territory's Barkly Tablelands. His parents were from the stolen generation.
In the 1990s, he was a member of Thylacine, who released two albums through CAAMA music, Thylacine Live (1995) and Nightmare Dreaming (1997). In 1998 he won Triple J's Unearthed competition. He played guitars on the 2005 Australian Songwriters Association (ASA)'s 'Songwriter of the Year' award winning, "Someone Special" by Worldfly. Thomas is contracted to two record labels CAAMA Music and Festival Mushroom Records.
In 2009, Thomas supported Eric Bibb at the Darwin Entertainment Centre. In 2010 he headlined the Darwin Blues Festival, with his Jimi Hendrix tribute band, Purple Daze. He also performed at the 2011 Darwin Blues Festival with his band Cold Turkey.
In 2012, Thomas played lead guitar for Big Bill Morganfield's Australian performance.

## Solo discography
### Albums

* The Blues – (30 January 2008)
* Bread 'n' Butta – (10 January 2009)
* Lady Luck – (27 February 2009)

### Singles and EPs

* "Blues, Blues, Blues" – (2 February 2011)
* "Standing at the Crossroads" (22 March 2011)
# Manfred Glienke

Manfred Glienke (born 19 August 1954) is a German chess International Master (IM, 1999) who won West Germany Chess Championship (1982).

## Biography

Manfred Glienke was one of the leading chess players in Germany in the early 1980s. He was participant of several West German and German Chess Championships. In 1982 in Bad Neuenahr-Ahrweiler Manfred Glienke won West Germany Chess Championship. In 1996 in Eger he won international chess tournament. In 1998 he won Berlin City Chess Championship.
With West German Chess Team Manfred Glienke participated in European Team Chess Championship in 1983. For many years Manfred Glienke competed in the German Chess Bundesliga. He played for the chess club Kreuzberg e.V..
# Gani Muratbayev Stadium

Gani Muratbayev Stadium (Kazakh: Ğani Mūratbaev stadion) is a multi-use stadium in Kyzylorda, Kazakhstan. It is currently used mostly for football matches and is the home stadium of FC Kaisar. It is named after the founder of Kazakhstan Young Communist League Gany Muratbayev.

## History

The construction of the football arena began in 1968. The stadium was completed on 29 October 1969 that and released to be used by the city's citizens.

## Reconstruction

In 2001, the stadium was completely refurbished creating sports facilities created for local residents. In 2010, the sports complex was renovated again; the seating in the east and west stands were replaced with plastic seats. Currently, the stadium seats 6,800 seats; the total area of the stadium is 16,700 square metres. The stadium has a pitch of 105×68 metres.
# T. E. R. Phillips

Theodore Evelyn Reece Phillips (28 March 1868 – 13 May 1942), known as T. E. R. Phillips, was an English astronomer.
Phillips was born in Kibworth, Leicestershire, the son of the Rev. Abel Phillips, a missionary in West Africa, and was educated at Yeovil Grammar School. He then joined St Edmund Hall, Oxford. He held the following curacies: Holy Trinity, Taunton, Somerset (1891), Hendford, Yeovil (1895), St. Saviour's, Croydon (1901), and Ashtead, Surrey (1906). In 1907 Phillips married Millicent Harriet Kynaston (ca. 1874–1964). They had one son, John Evelyn Theodore Phillips (1907-1978). In 1916 he was appointed vicar of Headley where he remained for the rest of his life.
As an amateur astronomer, he observed planets including Mars and Jupiter making a very thorough study of the surface currents on Jupiter. He joined the British Astronomical Association on 25 November 1896 and the Royal Astronomical Society on 12 May 1899. He was director of the Jupiter section of the British Astronomical Association from 1900–1933 and director of the Saturn section from 1935–1940. He was president of the British Astronomical Association between 1914 and 1916. He was president of the Royal Astronomical Society between 1927 and 1929. Has a member of the IAU commission on planets.
He won the Jackson-Gwilt Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society in 1918.
He co-wrote Splendour of the Heavens with W. H. Steavenson in 1923.
In an addition to astronomy, he took an active interest in meteorology.
# Lichen nitidus

Lichen nitidus is a chronic inflammatory disease of unknown cause characterized by 1–2 mm, discrete and uniform, shiny, flat-topped, pale flesh-colored or reddish-brown papules that may appear as hypopigmented against dark skin. Occasionally, minimal scaling is present or can be induced by rubbing the surface of the papules. The disease usually affects children and young adults and is painless and usually nonpruritic, although protracted itching may occur in some cases. It is sometimes referred to by dermatologists as "mini lichen planus".

## Presentation

Linear arrangements of these papules is common (referred to as a Koebner phenomenon), especially on the forearms, but may occasionally be grouped, though not confluent, on flexural areas. Generally, the initial lesions are localized, and remain so, to the chest, abdomen, glans penis, and flexor aspects of the upper extremities; however, less commonly, the disease process can (1) be strictly isolated to the palms and soles, presenting with many hyperkeratotic, yellow papules that may coalesce into plaques that fissure or “...sometimes a non-specific keratoderma resembling chronic eczema,” or (2) become more widespread, with papules widely distributed on the body—the extensor surfaces of the elbows, wrists, and hands, folds of the neck, submammary region in females, groin, thighs, ankles, and feet—and fusing into erythematous, minimally scaled plaques, with redness that develops tints of violet, brown, and yellow.

## Pathology

The histology of lichen nitidus is significant for a "...localized granulomatous lymphohistiocytic infiltrate in an expanded dermal papilla with thinning of overlying epidermis and downward extension of the rete ridges at the lateral margin of the infiltrate, producing a typical 'claw clutching a ball' picture...."

## Treatment

Generally, lichen nitidus is asymptomatic and self-limited; therefore, no treatment is required. However, if persistent pruritus is present, or the appearance “...interferes with daily activities or outlook...” topical glucocorticoids may be tried. If the disease process is symptomatic, generalized and extensive, oral glucocorticoids may be indicated. Other reported treatments include PUVA, UVA/UVB phototherapy, astemizole, acitretin, and etretinate. When appears with sun/humidity; air conditioning (cool dry air) reduces swelling and discomfort.

## History

Felix Pinkus [de] first described the condition in 1907.
# Loewe additivity

In toxicodynamics and pharmacodynamics, Loewe additivity (or dose additivity) is one of several common reference models used for measuring the effects of drug combinations.

## Definition

Let $d_{1}$ and $d_{2}$ be doses of compounds 1 and 2 producing in combination an effect $e$. We denote by $D_{e1}$ and $D_{e2}$ the doses of compounds 1 and 2 required to produce effect $e$ alone (assuming this conditions uniquely define them, i.e. that the individual dose-response functions are bijective). $D_{e1}/D_{e2}$ quantifies the potency of compound 1 relatively to that of compound 2.
$d_{2}D_{e1}/D_{e2}$ can be interpreted as the dose $d_{2}$ of compound 2 converted into the corresponding dose of compound 1 after accounting for difference in potency.
Loewe additivity is defined as the situation where $d_{1}+d_{2}D_{e1}/D_{e2}=D_{e1}$ or $d_{1}/D_{e1}+d_{2}/D_{e2}=1$.
Geometrically, Loewe additivity is the situation where isoboles are segments joining the points $(D_{e1},0)$ and $(0,D_{e2})$ in the domain $(d_{1},d_{2})$.
If we denote by $f_{1}(d_{1})$, $f_{2}(d_{2})$ and $f_{12}(d_{1},d_{2})$ the dose-response functions of compound 1, compound 2 and of the mixture respectively, then dose additivity holds when
    ${\frac {d_{1}}{f_{1}^{-1}(f_{12}(d_{1},d_{2}))}}+{\frac {d_{2}}{f_{2}^{-1}(f_{12}(d_{1},d_{2}))}}=1$

## Testing

The Loewe additivity equation provides a prediction of the dose combination eliciting a given effect. Departure from Loewe additivity can be assessed informally by comparing this prediction to observations. This approach is known in toxicology as the model deviation ratio (MDR).
This approach can be rooted in a more formal statistical method with the derivation of approximate p-values with Monte Carlo simulation, as implemented in the R package MDR.
# Gususan Library

Gususan Library (Korean: 구수산도서관) is a library located at Buk District, Daegu, South Korea. The library consists of a basement and three floors.
The establishment of the library was completed on January 21, 2009, and the opening ceremony was held on May 25, 2009.

## Scale

It consists of one basement floor and three floors above the ground. It is a district library with more than 100,000 books and 544 seats.
# Edward Jackett

Edward John Jackett (4 July 1878 – 11 November 1935), known as John Jackett, was an English rugby union player, who represented the England national rugby union team, the British Lions, and competed in the 1908 Summer Olympics for Great Britain. He is the elder brother of Richard ″Dick″ Jackett, who was also in the Great Britain team which won the Olympic silver medal.

## Early years

He was born in Falmouth, Cornwall and played for Falmouth RFC. On 8 February 1901, Jackett appeared at Falmouth County Court for the non-payment of damages to Caroline Amelia Oliver of Portscatho for a breach-of-promise of marriage. He had been ordered in the High Court, the previous February, to pay £150 damages and £39 costs. His employment, at the time of the County Court case, was stated to be an artist's model. He lived at Henry Tuke's residence. A month later, on 8 March, he was ordered to pay 5 shillings monthly. On 11 May 1901, he left for Kimberley in South Africa on the steamer Briton, travelling with two other rugby players, W Christophers and F Toy, where they joined the Cape Mounted Police. He returned to Cornwall and became Cornish Cycling champion.

## Rugby union career

He joined Leicester Tigers in 1904 and played 183 times for the club over the next seven years. He also represented Cornwall 52 times and was capped for England thirteen times between 1905 and 1909. He also played against the touring South Africa team on their 1906 tour of Great Britain. He took part in the 1908 British Lions tour to New Zealand and Australia. Jackett was also a member of the Cornish rugby union team, which, representing Great Britain, won the 1908 Olympic silver medal on 26 October 1908.

## Rugby league career

In 1911 Jackett moved north to manage a theatre in Dewsbury, and joined Northern Rugby Football Union (rugby league) club Dewsbury, he played fullback in Dewsbury's 8-5 victory over Oldham in the 1911–12 Challenge Cup Final during the 1911-12 season at Headingley, Leeds on Saturday 27 April 1912 in front of a crowd of 16,000.
# Youssef Adnane

Youssef Adnane (born 16 July 1985) is a French footballer who plays for French club Nakhon Pathom United in Thai League 2.

## Football career

Born in Mulhouse, Adnane began his career in the youth system of his hometown club FC Mulhouse. After spending a decade there, he was signed by Ligue 2 club Stade Brestois 29. He only made seven appearances at the club scoring no goals before being loan out to Championnat National side SO Châtellerault for the winter, where he made 11 appearances and scored 4 goals. Following his return to Brest, he was again loaned out, this time for two years to AS Cherbourg. Adnane adjusted well with the Normandy-based side scoring 34 goals in 50 matches over two league seasons.
After his two spectacular seasons with Cherbourg, Ligue 1 club SM Caen secured his services for the 2008–09 season. Adnane appeared in 14 matches for the season and, for the 2009–10 season, was signed by Angers SCO. Adnane's stint with Angers was brief appearing in 12 matches and scoring one goal during the first half of the season. In the second half of the season, Adnane was loaned out to third division club Évian. He scored ten goals on nine appearances helping the club win National and earn promotion to Ligue 2 for the first time in the club's history. On 10 July 2010, Adnane was signed on a permanent three-year deal with Évian.
In July 2013, Adnane was given a trial at Seattle Sounders FC in Major League Soccer but he was not offered a contract. Next month, he joined Tours in Ligue 2. He recently joined Brest on the winter transfer window.
In August 2017, Adnane was given a trial at Bengaluru FC and played a friendly against UCAM Murcia CF in which he provided an assist to Sunil Chettri and started against FC Cartagena in the second friendly game in their pre-season tour in Spain.
# The Scarlet Thread

The Scarlet Thread is a 1996 novel written by Francine Rivers. It was published by Tyndale House Publishers.
# Midyanovo

Midyanovo (Russian: Мидяново) is a rural locality (a village) in Kubenskoye Rural Settlement, Vologodsky District, Vologda Oblast, Russia. The population was 2 as of 2002.

## Geography

Midyanovo is located 24 km northwest of Vologda (the district's administrative centre) by road. Ileykino is the nearest rural locality.
# Thomas Glanville Taylor

Thomas Glanville Taylor (22 November 1804 – 4 May 1848) was an English astronomer who worked extensively at the Madras Observatory and produced the Madras Catalogue of Stars from around 1831 to 1839.

## Life

He was the son of Thomas Taylor, assistant at the Royal Greenwich Observatory, and his wife Susannah née Glanville, born at Ashburton, Devon. John Pond, the Astronomer Royal, suggested that the young boy choose a career in astronomy and he joined the observatory in 1820. From August 1822 he was in charge of making transit observations, and his ability was noted by Sir Edward Sabine. Taylor then worked on Stephen Groombridge's star catalogue.
Taylor was appointed director of the East India Company's observatory at Madras, arriving there on 15 September 1830. He brought with him new equipment including transit telescopes and a mural circle. He worked with four Indian assistants, who took observations when he went to join the Great Trigonometrical Survey. Taylor collaborated with John Caldecott of the Travancore observatory to make observations on the magnetic field, especially the magnetic equator, of the earth around 1837.
A Fellow of the Royal Astronomical Society and the Royal Society (elected 10 February 1842) Taylor helped establish an observatory at Doddabetta in Ootacamund. He was suffering from tuberculosis when he went to visit his ailing daughter in England in 1848. She died in April, and he himself died a month later, in Southampton. He was succeeded at the Madras Observatory by William Stephen Jacob (1813-1862).

## Works

Taylor began the publication of the Madras General Catalogue of Stars which was praised by Sir George Airy. His catalogues were of importance in navigation and in the Trigonometrical Survey for determining longitude as well as latitude.

## Family

Taylor married Eliza Baratty, daughter of Colonel Eley, on 4 July 1832. They had three sons and a daughter.
# Sarableh (disambiguation)

Sarableh is a city in Ilam Province, Iran.
Sarableh or Sarabeleh or Sar Ableh (Persian: سرابله) may also refer to:
* Sarabeleh, Kermanshah
* Sarableh, Sarpol-e Zahab, Kermanshah Province
# Body Without Soul

Body Without Soul (Czech: Tělo bez duše) is a 1996 documentary film about a number of underage 14- to 17-year-old boys in Prague who were being sold and abused as child prostitutes. The creator of the documentary, Wiktor Grodecki, interviews the boys about their lives and how they became victims of sex trafficking. The film explores their hopes and fears, and the boys talk about their bodies and souls, money, their sexual orientation, AIDS, their dreams, and death.
The film is the second of Grodecki's three films about male prostitution, the others being Not Angels But Angels (1994) and Mandragora (1997).
# Buigny-Saint-Maclou

Buigny-Saint-Maclou (French pronunciation:; Picard: Bugny-Saint-Maclou) is a commune in the Somme department in Hauts-de-France in northern France.

## Geography

The commune is situated on the N1 road, just 4 miles (6 km) north of Abbeville. The Abbeville airport is within the boundaries of the commune.
# Russian Pamir

The Russian Pamir (Russian: Русский Памир, romanized: Russkiy Pamir) is a former territory of Imperial Russia, now the province of Gorno-Badakhshan of Tajikistan. The regional capital is Khorugh.
* This Tajikistan location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Complete variety

In mathematics, in particular in algebraic geometry, a complete algebraic variety is an algebraic variety X, such that for any variety Y the projection morphism
    $X\times Y\to Y$
is a closed map (i.e. maps closed sets onto closed sets). This can be seen as an analogue of compactness in algebraic geometry: a topological space X is compact if and only if the above projection map is closed with respect to topological products.
The image of a complete variety is closed and is a complete variety. A closed subvariety of a complete variety is complete.
A complex variety is complete if and only if it is compact as a complex-analytic variety.
The most common example of a complete variety is a projective variety, but there do exist complete non-projective varieties in dimensions 2 and higher. While any complete nonsingular surface is projective, there exist nonsingular complete varieties in dimension 3 and higher which are not projective. The first examples of non-projective complete varieties were given by Masayoshi Nagata and Heisuke Hironaka. An affine space of positive dimension is not complete.
The morphism taking a complete variety to a point is a proper morphism, in the sense of scheme theory. An intuitive justification of "complete", in the sense of "no missing points", can be given on the basis of the valuative criterion of properness, which goes back to Claude Chevalley.
# Sangkum Banh Loloke

Sangkum Banh Loloke (Khmer: សំគមបាញ់លលក) is a 1970 film directed by Ly Bun Yim. It stars Kong Som Eun and Virak Dara.

## Cast

* Kong Som Eun
* Virak Dara
# Diepenbeek Castle

Diepenbeek Castle (Dutch: Kasteel van Diepenbeek, also known as the Rentmeesterij van Alden Biesen) is a castle in Diepenbeek near Hasselt in the province of Limburg, Belgium. The building consists of a 15th-century keep with a 17th-century main block. It was once the establishment of the steward (Dutch: Rentmeester) of the nearby Commandery of Alden Biesen, whence the alternative name.
# Menshovskoye

Menshovskoye (Russian: Меньшовское) is a rural locality (a village) in Novlenskoye Rural Settlement, Vologodsky District, Vologda Oblast, Russia. The population was 27 as of 2002.

## Geography

Menshovskoye is located 85 km northwest of Vologda (the district's administrative centre) by road. Minino is the nearest rural locality.
# Darreh Chi

Darreh Chi (Persian: دره چي) may refer to:
* Darreh Chi, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad
* Darreh Chi, Lorestan
# Journal of Physics

Journal of Physics is a peer-reviewed scientific journal series published by IOP Publishing; it currently consists of the following journals.
* Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and Theoretical
* Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
* Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics
* Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics
* Journal of Physics Communications
* Journal of Physics: Complexity
* Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter (merger of Journal of Physics C: Solid State Physics and Journal of Physics F: Metal Physics)
* Journal of Physics: Conference Series
* Journal of Physics: Energy
* Journal of Physics: Materials
* Journal of Physics: Photonics
The following journals were formerly published in the series.
* Journal of Physics C: Solid State Physics (merged with Journal of Physics F)
* Journal of Physics E: Scientific Instruments (renamed as Measurement Science and Technology)
* Journal of Physics F: Metal Physics (merged with Journal of Physics C)
# Azar-class patrol boat

Azar (Persian: آذر) was a class of nine patrol boats that was built in Italy for the Imperial Iranian Navy. The boats were named Azar, Chahab, Derakhsh, Navak, Peykan, Tondar, Tondbad, Toufan and Tousan. Built in the early 1950s, all probably were stricken in the 1970s.
# Orehovica interchange

The Orehovica interchange (Croatian: Čvor Orehovica) is a trumpet interchange in Rijeka, Croatia. The interchange represents the southern terminus of the A6 motorway and it connects the A6 route to the A7 motorway between Škurinje and Draga exits, also representing a part of Rijeka bypass. The interchange is a part of Pan-European corridor Vb. It also represents a junction of European routes E61 and E65.
The interchange was originally executed as Zagreb–Rijeka motorway terminus exit, connecting the motorway to the city of Rijeka itself directly. Following construction of Rijeka bypass towards Škurinje (westward), the interchange was expanded, but it was still used as a motorway exit. Once the bypass, i.e. A7 motorway, was extended eastward to Sveti Kuzam, the motorway exit was scheduled to be cancelled. A subsequent intervention into the design documents allowed preservation of one directional ramp facilitating exit from the southbound A6 motorway at the interchange.
# Lisin (surname)

Lisin (Russian: Лисин) is a Russian masculine surname; its feminine counterpart is Lisina. It originates from the Russian masculine given name Lisa, which means fox and is unrelated to the feminine given name Lisa. It may refer to
* Enver Lisin (born 1986), Russian ice hockey forward
* Gennadiy Aygi (born Lisin; 1934–2006), Chuvash poet and a translator
* Vladimir Lisin (born 1956), Russian steel tycoon
* Yekaterina Lisina (born 1987), Russian basketball player