OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Yusef Urabi

Yusef Urabi (Arabic: يوسف عرابي) (also spelled Yusuf Orabi) was a Palestinian officer in the Syrian Army as well as an early member of Fatah's armed wing, al-Assifa. In 1966 he was killed in the Yarmouk Camp in Damascus during an attempt to ease tensions between Palestinian leaders Yasser Arafat and Ahmed Jibril.

## Military career

Urabi served as a major for one of the regular Palestinian Liberation Army (PLA) units within the Syrian Army. He sympathized with Ba'athism, an ideology promoting pan-Arabism and socialism and was a close military adviser and friend of Hafez al-Assad. Urabi enlisted with al-Assifa, the armed wing of Fatah, in the late 1950s.
Al-Assad, who was Defense Minister at the time, selected Urabi in 1966 to head the operations of Fatah—which was based in Syria—and instructed Yasser Arafat and other Fatah leaders to recognize Urabi's authority.

## Death

On 5 May 1966, during a meeting chaired by Urabi to alleviate tensions between Arafat and Ahmed Jibril in the Yarmouk Refugee Camp, Urabi was assassinated. Consequently, Arafat along with his aide Khalil al-Wazir and several other Fatah officials were arrested and imprisoned on al-Assad's orders. Al-Assad personally interrogated al-Wazir and the officials who denied being present at the scene.
The circumstances of Urabi's killing at Yarmouk are disputed. Al-Wazir claimed that al-Assad, Jibril and the Military Intelligence Directorate had planned to assassinate Arafat using Urabi to lure the latter into a trap. Jibril aborted the meeting at the last minute and Arafat also did not attend without notifying Jibril. Instead, the former sent a Palestinian Syrian Army officer named Adnan and the latter sent a colleague, Mohammed Hishme with bodyguard Abdul Majib Zahmud who was to remain outside of the meeting. According to Zahmud, a loud argument took place with Adnan yelling at Urabi. Then, Adnan allegedly shot and killed both Urabi and Hishme before fleeing the scene. Arafat and al-Wazir were arrested, but both claimed they were not present at the scene because of an emergency meeting with another intelligence officer, Ahmed Sweidani. They were later pardoned by President Salah Jadid after Sweidany confirmed their statement.
In contrast, according to Palestinian writer Said Aburish, Urabi was defenestrated from a third-floor window and died immediately. While Arafat was not present when Syrian police arrived to the crime scene, he had sought refuge in a Syrian police coronel house. He then pleaded President Jedid for protection, but was subsequently detained by police on al-Assad orders. Arafat and al-Wazir were moved to the Mezzah prison and kept in solitary confinement. Assad appointed a three-man jury to investigate the case, which found Arafat guilty, sentencing him to death. But finally Jedid released Arafat and closed the file.
# Group Medal of the Four Day Marches

The Group Medal of the Four Day Marches (Dutch: Groepsmedaille van der Vierdaagse) is a non wearable bronze presentation medal awarded to each registered group who successfully completes all four days of the International Four Days Marches Nijmegen (Vierdaagse in Dutch) held annually at Nijmegen, Netherlands.

## Qualification

The medal is awarded by the KNBLO, (Koninklijke Nederlandsche Bond Voor Lichamelijke Opvoeding, or Royal Dutch League for Physical Education) who organise the March.
Registered groups must consist of at least 11 members (a leader and 10 other walkers). They are required to start together each morning and be together at checkpoints and the finish. Originally, all had to complete the marches for the group to receive the award. Since 1973 a group can qualify if no more than 10% of walkers retire during the march. This 10% is rounded up. For example, if a team has 13 participants at the start, 10% equates to 1.3, and up to two group members can withdraw and the group medal still be awarded. Both civilian groups and military detachments qualify, one medal per group. The Group Medal is awarded in addition to the Cross for the Four Day Marches that is awarded to each successful individual group member.

## History

The Group Medal was being awarded as early as 1913 to military detachments and was known as the korpsprijs. Civilian groups were first allowed to register for the Vierdaagse in 1923. They became eligible for the Group Medal on the same terms as military groups, civilian groups out-numbering military ones by the early 1930s.
In 1928 four groups from Great Britain took part for the first time. The four Group Medals they earned were mounted on what was titled the Nijmegen Shield. This is still awarded as a trophy for a 20-mile race organised by the British Race Walking Association.
As well as the Vierdaagse at Nijmegen, the medal was also awarded to groups who took part in the four day marches organised in various locations in the Dutch East Indies between 1935 and 1939.

## Design

All medals are of bronze or bronze gilt and have a diameter of 53 mm. Until about 1930 the medal had a top ring, although it was never awarded with a ribbon.
Obverse. Until 1977 the medal bore the image of the reigning Queen, first Wilhelmina then, from 1951 – once a new portrait has been approved – Juliana. After 1977 the design was changed to a representation of the Cross for the Four Day Marches.
Reverse. Until 1977 the wording Nederlandsche Bond Voor Lichamelijke Opvoeding circling a wreath, with Koninklijke added from 1959 when the league received the Koninklijke (Royal) prefix. Since 1977 the inscription has read Internationale Vierdaagse Afstandsmarsen Nijmegen. The medal is sometimes seen with the name of the military unit or walking club engraved within the wreath, along with the year of award.

## Related awards

* Cross for the Four Day Marches
* Orderly Medal of the Four Day Marches
# Maxim Razumov

Maxim Yuryevich Razumov (Russian: Макси́м Ю́рьевич Ра́зумов; born 12 January 1990) is a Russian former professional cyclist.

## Major results
### 2010

    1st Udmurt Republic Stage Race

### 2011

    2nd Overall Friendship People North-Caucasus Stage Race
       1st Stage 2
    2nd Memorial Viktor Kapitonov
    3rd Road race, National Under-23 Road Championships

### 2012

    9th ZLM Tour

### 2013

    1st Overall Five Rings of Moscow
    1st Stage 3 (TTT) Tour des Fjords
    2nd Overall Grand Prix of Sochi
       1st Points classification
       1st Stages 2, 3 & 5

### 2014

    4th Duo Normand (with Maxim Pokidov)
    5th Overall Five Rings of Moscow
       1st Stage 1
    5th Grand Prix de la Ville de Lillers
    9th Overall Istrian Spring Trophy

### 2015

    1st Stage 1 (TTT) Grand Prix of Sochi
    1st Stage 1 (TTT) Grand Prix of Adygeya
    5th Overall Tour of Kuban
# Arzamas (website)

Arzamas (Russian: Арзама́с) is a Russian educational website with courses on history, literature, philosophy, arts, and humanities. The website mostly educates through video lectures but it also has podcasts, quizzes, and articles. It also has uploaded some old original recordings. It often has lectures from experts as well as primary material for the users to look over. As of July the 1st there are 80 courses, which usually consist of five lectures and articles for the theme of the course, and a few special projects. It has a YouTube channel with over million subscribers, its most popular video "Ancient Rome in 20 minutes" has over 9 million views and is also available in English, narrated by Brian Cox. It also has an Android and iOS application "Radio Arzamas" that contains audio versions of every course. The Calvert Journal characterizes it as depoliticizing history in Russia.
As of May 2020, Philipp Dzyadko is the editor-in-chief.

## Name

The website is named after the historical Arzamas Society, which was a literature society based in Saint Petersburg.

## History

Arzamas was launched in 2015. It was founded by Philipp Dzyadko and Danil Perushev.
In collaboration with Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Arzamas opened an online university. The idea belongs to Oxford professor Andrei Leonidovich Zorin.

## Applications

Arzamas made three mobile applications: three games, and a podcast applications with audio of their lectures.

## Awards

* 2017 – The course "All Russian literature of the XIX century in 230 cards" was awarded the Electronic Book of the Year award at the Book of the Year awards (Книга года)
* 2017 – The Russian Revolution course by Boris Kolonitskiy received the Enlightener Prize
# Parvaneh

Parvaneh (Persian: پروانه) may refer to:
* Parvaneh, Isfahan
* Parvaneh, West Azerbaijan
* Dizaj-e Parvaneh, village in East Azerbaijan, Iran
* Kamalvand-e Mohammad Hoseyn Parvaneh, village in Lorestan, Iran
* Parvaneh (film), a 2012 Swiss short film

## People with the name Parvaneh
### Given name

* Parvaneh Etemadi (born 1947/1948), Iranian visual artist
* Parvaneh Forouhar (1939–1998), Iranian dissident and activist who was murdered
* Parvaneh Mafi, Iranian reformist politician and a member of the Parliament
* Parvaneh Milani (1942–2015), Iranian poet, author, translator, and human rights activist
* Parvaneh Massoumi (born 1945), Iranian actress
* Parvaneh Pourshariati (born 1959), Iranian-born American historian
* Parvaneh Salahshouri, Iranian sociologist and reformist politician
* Parvaneh Soltani (born 1961), Iranian-born British playwright, theatre director, and actress
* Parvaneh Vossough (1935–2013), Iranian physician

### Surname

* Khatereh Parvaneh (1930–2008), Iranian singer
* Tarlan Parvaneh (born 1998), Iranian actress
* Yasmin Parvaneh (born 1964) commonly known as Yasmin Le Bon, English model
# Karfanj

Karfanj (Persian: كرفنج, also Romanized as Karfenj; also known as Karfanj Bālā, Karfanj-e Bālā, and Karfanj-e ‘Olyā) is a village in Jayezan Rural District, Jayezan District, Omidiyeh County, Khuzestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 176, in 35 families.
# Pyotr Kudryavtsev

Pyotr Nikolayevich Kudryavtsev (Russian: Пётр Николаевич Кудрявцев, 16 August 1816 – 29 January 1858) was a Russian writer, historian, pedagogue (professor of world history at Moscow University in 1851-1858), literary critic, philologist and journalist who in 1856-1858 was the head of Russky Vestnik's political review section.
Kudryvtsev started out in the late 1830s as fiction writer, whose short novels Katenka Pylayeva, Antonina, Dve strasti (Two Passions), Fleita (Flute), won him praises from Vissarion Belinsky. In 1841 he started to write literary and art reviews for Otechestvennye Zapiski and Sovremennik. More novellas followed, including the melancholy-driven Tsvetok (Flower), Nedoumenye (Bewilderment), Zhivaya kartina (Live Picture), Posledniy vizit (Final Visit), Oshibka (Mistake), Sboyev, Bez rassveta (Without Sunrise), again lauded for their insight and psychological depth.
In 1850 his magnum opus History of Italy from the Fall of the Roman Empire to Charlemagne Revival (Судьбы Италии от падения Западной Римской империи до восстановления её Карлом Великим) was published, and from then on, until his sudden death of galloping consumption in 1858, Kudtrayvtsev focused mainly on historical essays, treatises and critical reviews. He was considered heir to Timofey Granovsky's legacy and the major authority on the history of Ancient Rome and modern Italy in Russia of his time.
# Savlek

The Savlek (Russian: Савлек) is a river in Perm Krai, Russia, a right tributary of the Turka, which in turn is a tributary of the Iren. The river is 17 kilometres (11 mi) long.
# Abbasabad-e Holum Sar

Abbasabad-e Holum Sar (Persian: عباس آباد هلوم سر, also Romanized as ‘Abbāsābād-e Holūm Sar; also known as ‘Abbāsābād) is a village in Gahrbaran-e Jonubi Rural District, Gahrbaran District, Miandorud County, Mazandaran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 1,118, in 286 families.
# Sheybani, Dasht-e Azadegan

Sheybani (Persian: شيباني, also Romanized as Sheybānī) is a village in Howmeh-ye Sharqi Rural District, in the Central District of Dasht-e Azadegan County, Khuzestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 376, in 73 families.
# Deh Now-ye Sofla, Kiar

Deh Now-ye Sofla (Persian: ده نوسفلي, also Romanized as Deh Now-ye Soflá and Dehnow-e Soflá; also known as Deh-e Now-e Pā’īn and Deh Now Pā’īn) is a village in Naghan Rural District, Naghan District, Kiar County, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 24, in 5 families. The village is populated by Lurs.
# Jarqavieh Sofla

Jarqavieh Sofla (Persian: جرقویه سفلی) may refer to:
* Jarqavieh Sofla District
* Jarqavieh Sofla Rural District
# Kolahjub-e Olya

Kolahjub-e Olya (Persian: كله جوب عليا) may refer to:
* Kolahjub-e Olya, Ilam
* Kolah Jub-e Olya, Kermanshah
# Zem Zem Springs

Zem Zem is an archaic place name in the Berryessa Valley in Napa County, California, United States; the name is derived from the Zamzam Well (Arabic: بئر زمزم, romanized: Biʾru Zamzam) in Mecca, Saudi Arabia. Originally applied to Zem Zem Springs, a sulphured spring, the springs eventually hosted a small resort, which in turn garnered a post office. Zem Zem, California was originally located in neighboring Lake County but a boundary change moved it into Napa. Nearby Zim Zim Creek and Zim Zim Falls, in the Knoxville Wildlife Area, are alternate-spelling derivatives of the original Zem Zem.
The site was also a source of onyx marble, according to a California state geologist, who reported there were specimens from Zem Zem in the museum of the State Mining Bureau.

## Water profile

According to a 1915 report by a U.S. government geologist, "A small spring of strongly sulphureted water is situated near the road between Knoxville and Monticello, about 5 miles southeast of Knoxville. The spring was of more importance during the days of active mining in the Knoxville district than it is now, but it is still a camping place for teamsters. The water is too highly mineralized, however, to be palatable, an early analysis indicating a content of 21,000 parts per million of total solids".
# Qaleh-ye Sefid

Qaleh-ye Sefid or Qaleh-ye Safid or Qaleh Sefid or Qaleh Safid or Qalehsefid (Persian: قلعه سفيد) may refer to:
* Qaleh Sefid, Bushehr
* Qaleh Sefid, Fars
* Qaleh Sefid, Ilam
* Qaleh Sefid, Isfahan
* Qaleh Sefid, Ravansar, Kermanshah Province
* Qaleh Sefid, Salas-e Babajani, Kermanshah Province
* Qaleh Sefid-e Sheykh Hasan, Kermanshah Province
* Qaleh Sefid, Khuzestan
* Qaleh-ye Sefid, North Khorasan
* Qaleh Sefid, Razavi Khorasan
# Log, Voronezh Oblast

Log (Russian: Лог) is a rural locality (a selo) in Nizhnedevitskoye Rural Settlement, Nizhnedevitsky District, Voronezh Oblast, Russia. The population was 222 as of 2010. There are 4 streets.

## Geography

Log is located 4 km north of Nizhnedevitsk (the district's administrative centre) by road. Nizhnedevitsk is the nearest rural locality.
# Motovsky Gulf

Motovsky Gulf (Russian: Мотовский залив, Motovsky zaliv) is a body of water off the northwestern coast of the Kola Peninsula, Murmansk Oblast, Russia. The Titovka River flows to the gulf.
69°32′N 32°33′E﻿ / ﻿69.533°N 32.550°E﻿ / 69.533; 32.550
* This Murmansk Oblast location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Nejib Ben Khalfallah

Nejib Ben Khalfallah (Arabic: نجيب بن خلف الله) (1967 – 24 July 2020) was a Tunisian dancer and choreographer.

## Biography

Khalfallah was considered as one of the pioneers of dance in Tunisia. He began dancing in 1984 and joined the contemporary dance workshop of Imed Jemâa. In 1992, he participated in the choreographic creation Nuit blanche, which won first prize at the dance festival in Bagnolet.
During the 1990s, Khalfallah worked alongside many big names in Tunisian dance and theatre, such as Raja Ben Ammar and Taoufik Jebali. From 1993 to 2020, he directed and staged choreographic shows. On 3 April 2017, he was attacked by a group of people angry over his show Fausse couche, considered to be an offensive title in the Arabic language. Following the incident, he changed the title of his show and removed its posters.

## Choreographies

* Mnema (2012)
* Jardin d'amour (2014)
* Fausse couche (2017)

## Cinema

* Thala mon amour (2016)
# Ranker

Ranker.com is a website that features polls on entertainment, brands, sports, food, and culture. Ranker claims to be one of the largest databases of opinions, with more than 1 billion votes gathered on over millions of subjective voters. Ranker has hundreds of thousands of lists of opinions.
These lists have been referenced as a source for many pop-culture, trade, and tech publications, including TV and radio. Ranker collects individual user votes and track them across various lists, which purports to show correlations between interests across pop culture.

## History

Launched in August 2009, the site was founded by Clark Benson, who created Ranker as an alternative to user reviews available on ecommerce sites. Ranker offers crowdsourced polls and lists across a variety of topics, including rankings of food, drinks, and celebrities. "Ranker Insights" offers people voting correlation data for free, using psychographic correlation data to deliver personalized consumer recommendations ("if you like X, you'll also like Y, Z"), and also audience insights to marketers, studios, and platforms seeking a deeper understanding of consumer tastes and preferences.
Ranker's board members include Draper Associates investor Joel Yarmon. Investors include Draper Associates, Rincon Venture Partners, Lowercase Capital, Wavemaker, BullPen Capital and various angels, like Factual founder Gil Elbaz and Ryan Steelberg.
# Syd Tierney

Sydney Tierney (16 September 1923 – 6 March 2010) was a British Labour Party politician and former President of the Union of Shop, Distributive and Allied Workers (USDAW).

## Union career

Tierney joined one of the forerunners of USDAW in 1938 whilst working as a milkman in Rotherham. In 1953 he was appointed a collector/canvasser based in Sheffield, 4 years later becoming an area organiser for the Midlands division, based in Leicester.
In 1977 he was elected USDAW President and after losing his parliamentary seat returned to work as a national officer for USDAW with responsibilities for SATA membership and the insurance section.

## Labour Party

Tierney was Member of Parliament for the marginal Birmingham Yardley seat from February 1974 until his defeat at 1979 general election by the Conservative David Gilroy Bevan.
He also served as a councillor and Labour NEC member and chaired the party for a year.
# M. Frank Rudy

Marion Frank Rudy (24 January 1925 – 13 December 2009) was an American aeronautical engineer and inventor, most known for patenting what would become the Nike Air Sole.

## Early life and education

Rudy was born in Cleveland, Ohio and raised in Fairview Park, Ohio.
He was a graduate of Fairview High School and Case Western Reserve University's class of 1950, majoring in mechanical and aeronautical engineering. He was also a member of the Phi Kappa Tau fraternity.

## Career

Rudy's first job after graduation was with NASA, where he worked on projects for the Saturn and Apollo rocket engines.
With a slow down in the space industry in 1969, Ruby, an avid skier, took a job at Nike Inc. in Oregon. In 1977, Rudy designed a cushioning system based on an inert gas encapsulated in polyurethane plastic. The first shoe to implement the technology would be the Nike Air Tailwind in 1978. The design was ultimately trademarked by Nike as the "Air" sole.
Throughout his career, Rudy ultimately held more than 250 patents.

## Death

Rudy died in his home in California on December 13, 2009. He was 84 years old. Rudy is buried in San Fernando Mission Cemetery.

## Legacy

The 19 varsity athletic teams at his alma mater, Case Western Reserve Spartans, wear a special patch on their uniforms commemorating him and his invention. The emblem has Rudy's initials, MFR, with a 3D design of special texture and shine to resemble inflated air sole look, and has orbiting planets pay tribute to his career as an aerospace engineer.
# Feigères

Feigères (French pronunciation:; Arpitan: Fiogiéres) is a commune in the Haute-Savoie department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region in south-eastern France.
# Turka (Iren)

The Turka (Russian: Турка) is a river in Perm Krai, Russia, a left tributary of the Iren, which in turn is a tributary of the Sylva. The river is 72 kilometres (45 mi) long, and its drainage basin covers 814 square kilometres (314 sq mi). The main tributaries are the Yug, Savlek, Byrma, Bolshaya Gorevaya, Beryozovka, and Chyornaya Turka.
# Zaluzhnoye

Zaluzhnoye (Russian: Залужное) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative center of Zaluzhenskoye Rural Settlement, Liskinsky District, Voronezh Oblast, Russia. The population was 1,970 as of 2010. There are 40 streets.

## Geography

Zaluzhnoye is located 11 km southeast of Liski (the district's administrative centre) by road. Nikolsky is the nearest rural locality.
# Marine Corps Installations Pacific

The Marine Corps Installations Pacific (MCIPAC) is the single, regional authority for accountability of regional installation management resources and services within the Pacific area of operations. MCIPAC was established to increase regional installation management effectiveness. MCIPAC implements policies, develops regional strategies and plans, prioritizes resources, and provides services, direction, and oversight to all Marine Corps installations in Japan, the Republic of Korea, and Hawaii.
MCIPAC includes approximately 2,600 service members, 1,200 civilian employees, and more than 3,500 Japanese and Korean workers in the Pacific Region. Whether participating in operations or training exercises, MCIPAC supports units before, during, and after each deployment. The command is responsible for ensuring installations provide a number of services like training areas, work facilities, utilities and housing.
MCIPAC remains committed to enhancing operational readiness, from the individual service member to every echelon of the Marine Air Ground Task Force, while at the same time, cooperating, coordinating and communicating with our regional communities, partners, and allies. MCIPAC regularly engages in bilateral planning to ensure strong, long-term and mutually beneficial partnerships with our neighbors in the region. These continually developing relationships define MCIPAC's community relations effort.

## Mission

Marine Corps Installations Pacific is commanded by a major general, with its headquarters residing aboard Camp Foster. Its mission is to provide the operating forces and tenant commands with the highest quality of continuous, effective service and support to meet present and future operating force requirements.

## Subordinate commands

* Marine Corps Base Camp Smedley D. Butler
* Marine Corps Base Hawaii
* Marine Corps Air Station Iwakuni
* Marine Corps Air Station Futenma
* Combined Arms Training Center Camp Fuji
* Camp Mujuk, South Korea

## Unit Awards

| Award | Year(s) |
| Navy Unit Commendation Streamer with two Bronze Stars | 2001-2003 |
| National Defense Service Streamer with one Bronze Star | |
| Global War on Terrorism Service Streamer | 2001–present |
# Minsky Uyezd

Minsky Uyezd (Russian: Минский уезд) was one of the uyezds of Minsk Governorate and the Governorate-General of Minsk of the Russian Empire and then of Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic with its seat in Minsk from 1793 until its formal abolition in 1924 by Soviet authorities.

## Demographics

At the time of the Russian Empire Census of 1897, Minsky Uyezd had a population of 277,149. Of these, 59.2% spoke Belarusian, 23.1% Yiddish, 9.5% Russian, 7.1% Polish, 0.4% Tatar, 0.4% German, 0.1% Ukrainian and 0.1% Mordvin as their native language.
# Boneh-ye Nafal

Boneh-ye Nafal (Persian: بنه نفل, also Romanized as Boneh Nafal; also known as Nafal) is a village in Jayezan Rural District, Jayezan District, Omidiyeh County, Khuzestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 122, in 22 families.