OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Alessandro Capriolo

Alessandro Capriolo was an engraver and printer who was born in the Holy Roman Empire and lived part of his life in the Papal States.
He was born in Trento in about 1557, but moved to Rome in 1580 to become a printer. He engraved an Assumption based on a fresco by Zuccari, a Mary Magdalen based on a design of the Flemish painter and draughtsman Maerten de Vos, and others.

## Sources

* Boni, Filippo de' (1852). Biografia degli artisti ovvero dizionario della vita e delle opere dei pittori, degli scultori, degli intagliatori, dei tipografi e dei musici di ogni nazione che fiorirono da'tempi più remoti sino á nostri giorni. Seconda Edizione.. Venice; Googlebooks: Presso Andrea Santini e Figlio. p. 184.
* This article about an Italian engraver is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# The Land of Fire

The Land of Fire (Azerbaijani: Odlar Yurdu) is the adopted motto of Azerbaijan.

## Historical and political development

The etymology of the phrase is thought to be related to Atropates, who ruled over the region of Atropatene (present Iranian Azerbaijan). The name "Atropates" itself is the Greek transliteration of an Old Iranian, probably Median, compounded name with the meaning "Protected by the (Holy) Fire" or "The Land of the (Holy) Fire". The Greek name is mentioned by Diodorus Siculus and Strabo. Over the span of millennia the name evolved to Āturpātākān then to Ādharbādhagān, Ādharbāyagān, Āzarbāydjān and present-day Azerbaijan. The word is translatable as "The Guardian" of fire or "The Land of the Fire" in Modern Persian.
Some critics have argued that the phrase is a reference either to the natural burning of surface oil deposits or to the oil-fueled fires in temples of the once-dominant Zoroastrianism.
The symbolism of the term has been widely used in most fields, such as in heraldry, the shield in National emblem of Azerbaijan contains the image of a fire in the center of an eight-point star against a background of the colors of the Azerbaijani flag.

## Promotional usage

After Azerbaijan's independence from Soviet Union, the phrase was used as a touristic campaign to promote the country as a tourist destination and as a location for industry. The phrase appeared in many touristic promotions, the most notable on Atlético Madrid's shirts between the 2012–13 and 2013–14 seasons. In 2014, the phrase appeared on Sheffield Wednesday and Lens shirts after the clubs' promised but subsequently cancelled takeover by Azerbaijani businessman Hafiz Mammadov.
The motto "Light your fire!", used to promote the Eurovision Song Contest 2012, which was held in Baku, was based on the "Land of Fire" concept.

## European calques

The "Land of Flames" expression became the origin for the literary expressions denoting Azerbaijan in a number of European languages, such as in Russian language Strana Ogney (Страна Огней, i.e. "Country of the Fires").
# Narat-Yelga

Narat-Yelga (Russian: Нарат-Елга; Bashkir: Наратйылға, Naratyılğa) is a rural locality (a selo) in Mustafinsky Selsoviet, Bakalinsky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 120 as of 2010. There are 3 streets.

## Geography

Narat-Yelga is located 27 km southwest of Bakaly (the district's administrative centre) by road. Ustyumovo is the nearest rural locality.
# Liu Wei (curler)

Liu Wei (Chinese: 刘微; pinyin: Liú Wēi, born 15 August 1984) was part of the Chinese team that won gold in Wheelchair curling at the 2018 Winter Paralympics. He had poliomyelitis in youth.
# Hanuşağı, Ovacık

Hanuşağı (Kurdish: Xanu) is a village in the Ovacık District, Tunceli Province, Turkey. The village is populated by Kurds of the Bezkar tribe and had a population of 94 in 2021.
The hamlet of Kızılören is attached to the village.
# Schlern

The Schlern (Austrian German:; Italian: Sciliar; Ladin: Sciliër; 2,563 m) is a mountain of the Dolomites in South Tyrol, Italy. The peak at the north west end of the mountain (left, in the image at right) was first ascended in July 1880 by Johann Santner. It is named the Santner Spitze in his honour.
The Schlern dominates the villages of Seis am Schlern and Völs am Schlern, and the summit can be reached following the circular route marked with the number 1 from both villages.
At 1,700 metres (5,577 ft), there is the Schlernboden inn and on the summit plateau is the Schlernhaus inn 2,457 metres (8,061 ft), both open from 1 June to 15 October. The highest summit is the Petz with 2,564 metres (8,412 ft).
The Schlern is sung of in the Bozner Bergsteigerlied as one of South Tyrol's landmarks. Its characteristic profile appears on the Der Schlern - Zeitschrift für Südtiroler Landeskunde (Magazine for South Tyrolean Regional Studies) and the logo pressed into Loacker's wafer biscuits.

## Toponymy

The etymology of the mount probably predates Germanic and even Roman times, from a common Old European root *sala ("stream, ditch, canal, etc.", from the locale around it). The name was borrowed and Germanized over centuries (and to this day, a Bavarian dialect variant is written with the initial palatized Sch-, but the original S-). However, a Proto-Indo-European root *skel ("to cut", referring to the cliffside geology) has also been proposed.

## Gallery

* The southern summit approach
# Aşağı Tala

Aşağı Tala (Ashaghy Tala) is a village and municipality in the Zagatala District of Azerbaijan. It has a population of 6,027.

## Notable natives

* Sevil Gaziyeva — Hero of Socialist Labor.
* Gurban Gurbanov - Azerbaijani football manager and former footballer.
# Rehal (surname)

Rehal is a surname and may refer to:
* Navtej Singh Rehal, lead singer in Bombay Rockers
* Joseph E. Rehal, businessman
* Saiful Rehal, Eighth Sultan of Brunei
# Hail spike

A hail spike or three body scatter spike (TBSS) is an artifact on a weather radar display indicative of large hail. They are identified by a spike of weak reflectivity echoes that extend out from a thunderstorm, and away from the radar site.

## Cause

Generally known as hail spikes, these are the result of energy from the radar hitting hail, very heavy rain, or in extreme cases, debris being lofted by a tornado, and being reflected to the ground, where they reflect back to the hail and then to the radar as in the image on the left. This results in the radar picking up the energy from the multiple path at a later time than the energy that came back directly from the hail to the radar. Both are however on the same radial angle from the radar as the antenna did not have the time to turn significantly.
The multipath echoes are then analyzed on the radar display as echoes extending in a radial direction behind the actual location of the hail/heavy rain core. The loss of energy due to multiple reflections means weaker return echoes. The hail spike region has thus comparatively quite weaker echoes than the echoes directly from the hail or heavy rain core.
Since hail cores are most intense at higher elevations, hail spikes usually appear at the levels aloft that accompany the most intense hail. Because of this, hail spikes are usually not seen at lower elevations. Another restriction to detection is that the signal of the radar beam has to do multiple reflections, each time weakening it, and are therefore usually noticeable only in extremely large hailstone cases.

## Multiple TBSS Signatures

In rare cases more than one hail spike has been documented with a single storm in one volume scan. This indicates that more than one hail core exists in the same storm and far enough apart that each core can be sampled by the radar individually.

## Use in forecasting

Because of their observed accuracy in indicating large hail aloft, TBSS's are used operationally by the National Weather Service to identify thunderstorms that could likely produce large, severe hail. This would warrant the issuance of a severe thunderstorm warning or mention of large hail in a tornado warning.
# Kutlualan, Silvan

Kutlualan (Kurdish: Şêx Dewdada) is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Silvan, Diyarbakır Province in Turkey. It is populated by Kurds and had a population of 481 in 2022.
# The Bluejackets

The Bluejackets (Dutch: De jantjes) is a 1922 Dutch silent film directed by Maurits Binger.

## Cast

* Beppie De Vries - Blonde Greet
* Maurits de Vries - Dolle Dries
* Johan Elsensohn - De Schele, de verloofde van Toffe Jans
* Louis Davids - De Blauwe
* Piet Urban - De Mop
* Adrienne Solser - Na Druppel
* André van Dijk - Leendert
* Paula de Waart - Moeder van De Blauwe
* Beppie Murray - Doortje
* Hans Bruning - Vader van De Blauwe
* Greta Meyer - Toffe Jans
* Chris Laurentius - Oom Gerrit
* Riek Kloppenburg - Tante Piet
* Ka Bos - Betje, kaartlegster
* Matthieu van Eysden
# Vrhtrebnje

Vrhtrebnje (pronounced) is a village in the Municipality of Trebnje in eastern Slovenia. It lies in the hills south of Trebnje. The area is part of the historical region of Lower Carniola. The municipality is now included in the Southeast Slovenia Statistical Region.
The local church is dedicated to Saint James (Slovene: sveti Jakob) and belongs to the Parish of Trebnje. It dates to the 16th century.
# Mihelca

Mihelca (pronounced) is a small settlement in the Primskovo area of the Municipality of Šmartno pri Litiji in central Slovenia. The area is part of the historical region of Lower Carniola and is now included in the Central Slovenia Statistical Region.
A small chapel-shrine on Fat Hill (Slovene: Debeli hrib) in the settlement is dedicated to the Virgin Mary and dates to the late 18th century.
# Mesrabad, Qazvin

Mesrabad (Persian: مصراباد, also Romanized as Meşrābād and Mīsrābād) is a village in Kharaqan-e Sharqi Rural District, Abgarm District, Avaj County, Qazvin Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 169, in 57 families.
# Hikmat Ziya

Hikmat Ziya oghlu Afandiyev (Azerbaijani: Hikmət Ziya oğlu Əfəndiyev, May 13, 1929 — August 2, 1995) was an Azerbaijani poet, translator, and children's writer. He was a member of the Union of Azerbaijani Writers (1958), member of the Union of Journalists of Azerbaijan (1959), Advanced Educator (1978), Honored Art Worker of the Azerbaijan SSR (1986).

## Biography

Hikmat Ziya was born on May 13, 1929, in Shaki, Azerbaijan and grew up in Karabakh. After graduating from secondary school No. 1 in Aghdam, he studied at the journalism department of the Faculty of Philology of Baku State University (1947-1952). He worked as a literary worker, head of the literature and art department (1952-1969) in the Azerbaijan Pioneer newspaper editorial office, and as the head of the poetry department (1969-1984) and responsible secretary (1984) in the Goyarchin magazine editorial office.
He started his literary work in 1952 with his first poem "To Gogol" published in "Azerbaijan Pioneer" newspaper. The first satirical poems, as well as "My father's gift" (1957), "Is spring beautiful, or winter?" (1959), "Heart of a Fly" (1960) books were published under the signature of Hikmat Afandiyev. The plays "Trial" and "Twin Brothers" were staged. Music was composed for his librettos ("Grandmother's Tale", "Adventures of Two", "Pale Flowers") and poems. His works have been translated into the languages of the peoples of the post-Soviet states.
He participated in the children's and youth book weeks held in different cities of the country, as well as trips with the campaign train and jubilee celebrations. He was a member of the editorial board of Mozalan satirical film-magazineMozalan (film-magazine), All-Union Children's and Youth Literature Council, Azerbaijan Pioneer and Literaturny Azerbaijan magazines.
He was awarded the Honorary Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Republic of Azerbaijan (1988) and the honorary title of Honored Art Worker of the Azerbaijan SSR (1986).
Hikmat Ziya died on August 2, 1995, in Baku. After the poet's death, the "Hikmat Ziya" literary award was established in his name.
# Pas Kamar

Pas Kamar (Persian: پس كمر) is a village in, and the capital of, Pol Khatun Rural District of Marzdaran District, Sarakhs County, Razavi Khorasan province, Iran.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the village's population was 1,121 in 223 households. The following census in 2011 counted 1,128 people in 291 households. The 2016 census measured the population of the village as 1,262 people in 359 households. It was the most populous village in its rural district.
# Remembrance Day of Journalists Killed in the Line of Duty

Remembrance Day of Journalists Killed in the Line of Duty (Russian: День памяти журналистов, погибших при исполнении обязанностей) is a remembrance day, observed on December 15 in Russia in memory of journalists who died while performing their professional duties. The day was established by the Union of Journalists of Russia (RUJ) in 1991, following the deaths of journalist Viktor Nogin and cameraman Gennadi Kurennoy in the former Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia in September that year after their car came under fire from Serbian fighters. In Moscow the day is observed at Nikitsky Boulevard.
According to representatives of the Union of Journalists of Russia, between 10 and 20 journalists are killed each year in Russia under various circumstances.
According to the OSCE representative for the freedom of the press (RFoM) Dunja Mijatović, “journalists in Russia are far too often subject to acts of intimidation, threats and attacks”. Mijatović reminded people that “all attacks against journalists should be vigorously investigated by the state authorities, and the perpetrators and the masterminds prosecuted.”
# Mustafino, Bakalinsky District, Republic of Bashkortostan

Mustafino (Russian: Мустафино; Bashkir: Мостафа, Mostafa) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative centre of Mustafinsky Selsoviet, Bakalinsky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 821 as of 2010. There are 8 streets.

## Geography

Mustafino is located 23 km southwest of Bakaly (the district's administrative centre) by road. Palchikovo is the nearest rural locality.
# Ali Jawad Al Taher

Ali Jawad Al Taher (Arabic: علي جواد الطاهر; 1911?/1922? – 10 October 1996) was an Iraqi critic and literary scholar. He was born and raised in Hilla, Iraq. He received a PhD from Sorbonne University in 1954, and published numerous critical studies during his lifetime. He won the inaugural Al Owais Award in the "Criticism & Literary Studies" category in 1988–89.

## Selected works

* Arabic Poetry in Iraq and Persia in the Seljuk Era
* The Son and Seven Other Stories
* The Lamiya of Al Tughrai
* Al Tughrai
* Modern Iraqi Fiction
* Teaching Arabic
* Mahmoud Ahmad Al Sayed
* Observations on the Simplified Arabic Encyclopaedia
* Literary Research Methods
* Al Khouraimi: Poems
* Al Jawahiri: Poems
* Al Tughrai: Poems
* Beyond the Literary Horizon
* Encyclopedia of Arabic Publications
* Modern Stories and Plays
# Büklümdere, Tercan

Büklümdere (Kurdish: Zaxerî) is a village in the Tercan District, Erzincan Province, Turkey. The village is populated by Kurds, Laz and Turks and had a population of 127 in 2021.
# Ruslan Gumar

Ruslan Viktorovich Gumar (Russian: Руслан Викторович Гумар; born 18 November 1973) is a Kazakhstani footballer. His first club was FC Ekibastuzets.
# Portrait of a Man (Hans Memling)

Portrait of a Man (Dutch: Portret van een man) is a circa 1470 oil on panel painting by Hans Memling. It is now in the Frick Collection in New York, which it entered in 1968 via the Duveen art dealership.
It was first identified and published as a Memling in 1937. At the time it was in the collection of Joseph baron van der Elst (1896-1971) in Vienna and then in his castle at Oostkerke.

## Sources

* Till-Holger Borchert, De portretten van Memling (tentoonstelling Brugge 2005), Ludion, 2005 (nummer 2), p. 152.
* Frick Collection
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# Menameradiel

Menameradiel (West Frisian: ; Dutch: Menaldumadeel ) is a former municipality in Friesland, Netherlands. On 1 January 2018 it merged with the municipalities of Franekeradeel, het Bildt and parts of Littenseradiel to form the new municipality Waadhoeke.

## Population centres

Population centres as of 1 January 2007:
* Beetgum (754)
* Beetgumermolen (944)
* Berlikum (2,492)
* Blessum (92)
* Boksum (449)
* Deinum (1,071)
* Dronryp (3,427)
* Engelum (415)
* Kleaster-Anjum (50)
* Marssum (1,156)
* Menaam (2,612)
* Schingen (108)
* Slappeterp (80)
* Wier (207).

### Topography

Dutch Topographic map of the former municipality of Menaldumadeel, June 2015
# Kondopoga Bay

The Kondopoga Bay (Russian: Кондопожская губа, Kondopozhskaya Bay) is a bay (length 32 km, width over 8 km, max depth 78m) in the northwestern part of the Karelian part of the Onega Lake, Russia .
View on Lake Onega from space, May 2002 :
* The numbers denote:
* Svirsk Bay
* Petrozavodsk Bay and the city Petrozavodsk
* Big Onego Bay
* Kondopozhskaya Bay
* Small Onego Bay
* Zaonezhsky Bay
* Povenetsky Bay
* Kizhi Island
* Lake Vodlozero and Vodlozero National Park
* Ivinsky Spill and River Svir
* Cape Besov Nos ("Devil's nose")
* Big Klimenetsky Island
The Kondopoga Bay is deeply carved in the land by glacial process. The upper part of the bay receives about 90% of the waters of the Suna River via the Nigozersky (Kondopozhsky) Canal. The bay also receives waste water, most of which comes from the Kondopoga paper mill.
A city of Kondopoga is by the northern tip of the bay.
The bay has numerous rock islands, the largest being Suisari.
# Băneasa Church

The Băneasa Church (Romanian: Biserica Băneasa) is a Romanian Orthodox church located at 6-8 Șoseaua București-Ploiești, close to Lake Băneasa in the Băneasa district of northern Bucharest, Romania. It is dedicated to Saint Nicholas.

## History

The church was initially a chapel for the nearby houses of the boyar Văcărescu family. Its ktetorissa was Ecaterina, the widow of high ban Ștefan Văcărescu. Begun in 1768, it was completed in 1792, as attested by the pisanie above the door. Only the vault painting is original. In 1845, when heiress Maria Văcărescu married Prince Gheorghe Bibescu, the estate passed to the ruler, who soon carried out repairs on the church, consolidating the exterior walls.
Following the 1864 land reform, it became a parish church. Further repairs took place in 1888, 1932–1934 and after the 1940 earthquake, when the bell tower was restored. Meanwhile, in the 1930s, as a highway was being built below, the hillock on which the church sits was reinforced with a protecting wall and stone staircase. Work carried out during the latter part of the 20th century saw the church being re-sanctified twice, in 1971 and 2002.
The cross-shaped church is 18 meters long by 5.8 to 7.5 meters wide, with a slightly enlarged narthex, and polygonal apses just in relief. The portico has three frontal three-lobed arches and one on each side, resting on four columns. The current octagonal bell tower, above the narthex, dates to the 1940 restoration. The nave has a small vaulted dome, and the altar apse is quite long. The facade is divided into two sections by a belt course; the upper one features medallions painted in circular niches, while the lower has simple frames akin to those on the portico. The roof is made of tiles.
The church is listed as a historic monument by Romania's Ministry of Culture and Religious Affairs.
# August Alle

August Alle (31 August [O.S. 19 August] 1890 – 8 July 1952) was an Estonian writer.

## Early life

August Alle was the son of a stonemason. He attended the parish school in Viljandi, then the evening school in Narva. In 1915, he enrolled as an external student in Oryol and began studying pharmacy, but he soon abandoned those studies. From 1915 to 1918 he studied medicine at the University of Saratov. From August 1922 Alle studied law at the University of Tartu. He postponed his final law exams until 1937. He subsequently practiced as a freelance lawyer.

## Literary career

After studying medicine August Alle worked in Estonia as a journalist and lecturer, before he is completely devoted himself to writing. From 1919 he was one of the figures association with the Siuru movement. August Alle was also known as a columnist and literary critic. His literary breakthrough came with his 1921 poem collection Carmina Barbata.
His writing was deliberately outrageous, ironic, sarcastic and satirical. He was a master of the epigram and sketches. His pen was sharp and feared in Estonia. He turned particularly against the emerging middle class of the inter-war period. In his works he drew on his experiences in the revolutionary Petrograd and Tartu in Estonia after the Estonian War of Independence.
August Alle's poetry turned strongly against the fascist tendencies in Europe of that time.

## Soviet collaboration

After the Soviet occupation of Estonia in 1940, Alle became an advisor to the Ministry of Education and chairman of a Soviet Commission that drew up lists of books to be banned and removed from libraries. Among the books banned were works of Sigmund Freud, Rudolf Steiner, Artur Adson, Gustav Suits and Marie Under. In all, 1552 titles were banned.
August Alle belonged to the Board of the Estonian Writers' Union. In addition, he was editor at various literary journals. In 1942 he joined the Communist Party of Estonia. During the German invasion, he was director of the press department of the Communist Party.
From 1946 until his death he was chief editor of the prestigious, though after 1944 Soviet controlled, literary magazine Looming (Estonian for "creation").
Alle's best known poem is the Eesti pastoraal (Estonian pastoral).

## Works

* Üksinduse saartele (1918)
* Carmina Barbata (1921)
* Laul kleidist helesinisest ja roosast seelikust (1925)
* Ummiklained (1930)
* Karmid rütmid (1934)
* Lilla elevant (1923)
* Epigrams (1944)