OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Soleyman District

Soleyman District (Persian: بخش سليمان) is in Zaveh County, Razavi Khorasan province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Chakhmaq.

## History

After the 2006 National Census, Jolgeh Zaveh District was separated from Torbat-e Heydarieh County in the establishment of Zaveh County, which was divided into two districts of two rural districts each, with Dowlatabad as its capital and only city.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2011 census, the district's population was 30,855 people in 8,352 households. The 2016 census measured the population of the district as 29,307 inhabitants in 8,412 households.

### Administrative divisions

Soleyman District Population :
| Administrative Divisions | 2011 | 2016 |
| Saq RD | 16,147 | 16,472 |
| Soleyman RD | 14,708 | 12,835 |
| Total | 30,855 | 29,307 |
| RD = Rural District |||
# William Stoughton (English constitutionalist)

William Stoughton developed the most complete and insightful version of classical republicanism that had yet appeared in England.

## Biography

William Stoughton was the first student to matriculate to Christ Church, Oxford and then was elected to the Westminster School in 1561. He took his Bachelor of Arts in 1565, a Master of Arts in 1568, and supplicated for his Bachelor of Civil Law in November 1571. Moving to Leicestershire after receiving his Bachelor of Civil Law, he was probably a client of the Earl of Huntingdon. He probably knew Thomas Wood and Anthony Gilby, radical puritans who were friends of the Earl. "Stoughton operated as a radical puritan "mole" within the Court of Arches, using his position as lay commissary to protect his friends in the parish of Groby, a puritan hotbed and a peculiar jurisdiction of the Court of Arches, from scrutiny by more rigorous elements inside the court."
He sat in Parliament from 1584 to 1585 and took a role in leading religious agitation. His An abstract of certaine acts of parlement (1584) attacked episcopal pretensions, their civil functions and their seats in Parliament.
Stoughton also wrote An assertion for true and Christian church-policie (1604). After 40 years where the language of mixed government died out in political language and the thought of men, he revived the old Elizabethan debate and theory over the three estates.
# List of Cornish saints

This is a list of Cornish saints, including saints more loosely associated with Cornwall: many of them will have links to sites elsewhere in regions with significant ancient British history, such as Wales, Brittany or Devon.

## List of some of the well-known Cornish saints

For more information see the works of Canon Doble (1880–1945),Nicholas Orme's book, The Saints of Cornwall (2000), and the works of Charles Henderson
N.B. All these have dedications in Cornwall but not all have legends or traditions associating them with Cornwall.
| Saint Austell Saint Blaise Saint Breaca Saint Bryvyth (Brevita) Saint Budoc Saint Buriana Saint Cleer Saint Carantoc Saint Constantine Saint Cuby Saint Day Saint Dominica (patron saint of St. Dominick) Saint Endelienta Saint Erth Saint Euny Saint Felec Saint Gerren Saint Gluvias Saint Gudwal or Gurval Saint Gwinear Saint Gwinnodock | Saint Gwithian Saint Hydrock Saint Ia (Ives) Saint Indract (chapel in St. Dominick) Saint Ivo of Ramsey Saint Julitta Saint Just Saint Kea Saint Keyne Saint Levan Saint Lide Saint Mabyn Saint Madern of Madron Saint Materiana (Madryn of Gwent) Saint Mawes Saint Melor Saint Menefrida Saint Meriasek Saint Morwenna Saint Nectan Saint Neot | Saint Nonna Saint Padarn Saint Petroc "the captain of Cornish saints" according to Thomas Fuller Saint Piran the patron saint of tin miners and of Cornwall Saint Rumonus Saint Samson of Dol Saint Senara Saint Senanus (or Senana) of Sennen Saint Sidwell Saint Sulien Saint Tallanus Saint Tetha (Teath, Tecla) Saint Tudy Saint Ursula Saint Veep Saint Wenna Saint Winwaloe Wyllow |

## Honorary canons of Truro

The 24 honorary canons of Truro Cathedral occupy stalls named after 24 saints (almost all of them Cornish): Carantoc; Buriana; Germoe; Conan; Winwalloe; Nectan; Petroc; Adwenna; Piran; Constantine; Cybi; Paul; Breaca; Neot; Rumon; Sampson; German; Meriadoc; Euni; Ia; Endelienta; Columb; Corentin; Aldhelm.

## Modern Cornish saints

More recent Cornishmen recognized for sanctity include the Irish-Cornish martyr Blessed John Cornelius.
# Roads for Prosperity

Roads for Prosperity (often incorrectly called Road to Prosperity) was a controversial white paper published by the Conservative government in the United Kingdom in 1989; detailing the 'largest road building programme for the UK since the Romans' produced in response to rapid increases in car ownership and use over the previous decade. It embraced what Margaret Thatcher had described as 'the great car economy', although implementation led to widespread road protests, and many of the schemes contained within it were abandoned by 1996.

## Overview

The proposals included 500 road schemes at an estimated cost of £23 billion based on predicted traffic growth of 142% by 2025. It would have involved the doubling of the trunk road capacity with around 150 bypasses being built to meet the predicted demand. According to The Times, the road network expanded by 24,000 miles (38,624 km) between 1985-1995 and then by only 1.6% between 1996-2006; no definition of "the road network" is provided.
Schemes included the following:
* Widen the M25 motorway to dual 4 lanes (partially built)
* Widen the M1 motorway between the M25 and the M18 to dual 4 lanes (partially implemented)
* Build the new Newbury Bypass (built in the face of major protests)
* Build the M11 Link Road, which became the A12 running from Hackney Wick to Wanstead and the Redbridge Roundabout in London, despite significant protests
* Extend the M3 past Winchester across Twyford Down (built in the face of major protests during the second half of the 1990s)
# Dasha Shloki

The Dasha Shloki (Sanskrit: दशश्लोकी, romanized: Daśaślokī) is a Sanskrit hymn by the Hindu philosopher Adi Shankara. Comprising ten verses, the Dasha Shloki explores the Brahman-Atman relationship and the author's interpretation of the nature of the self.

## Etymology

Dasha Shloki is Sanskrit for "ten verses".

## Description

According to legend, Adi Shankara chanted this hymn in response to his disciples's final request for him, which was to explain the essence of the teachings of Vedanta. He is believed to have first sung the hymn when he met his guru, Govindapada.
In the hymn, Adi Shankara states that the nature of the self is identical to Brahman, which is not identical to the finite and unreal not-self. He also describes the self as that which is one, auspicious, free of attributes and assimilation, and eternal.

## Hymn

The first stanza of the hymn describes the author's interpretation of his self as identical to Brahman:
   na bhūmirna toyaṃ na tejo na vāyuḥ na khaṃ nendriyaṃ vā na teṣāṃ samūhaḥ anaikāntikatvāt suṣuptyekasiddhaḥ tadeko'vaśiṣṭaḥ śivaḥ kevalo'ham
   Neither earth, nor water, nor fire, nor air, nor ether, nor sense-organ, nor their aggregate (am I) because they are inconstant. That which is the one established in sleep, that one which remains (after the sublation of all else) - that auspicious absolute (Self) I am.
# Akyünlü, Kemah

Akyünlü (Kurdish: Tixinkar) is a village in the Kemah District of Erzincan Province in Turkey. The village is populated by Kurds and had a population of 38 in 2022..
# Polydore Veirman

Polydore Jules Léon Veirman (23 February 1881 – 1951) was a Belgian rower who won two Olympic silver medals: in 1908 in the eight, and in 1912 in the single scull. Between 1901 and 1912 Veirman won four gold and three silver medals in various events at European championships. He was assured another medal at the 1913 European Rowing Championships as of the four single scull finalists, Giuseppe Sinigaglia and Anatol Peresselenzeff were disqualified. Competing against only one other rower, Veirman capsized, and Friedrich Graf was the only one to reach the finish line.
# Başdeğirmen, Silvan

Başdeğirmen (Kurdish: Kepo) is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Silvan, Diyarbakır Province in Turkey. It is populated by Kurds and had a population of 563 in 2022.
# Çilesiz, Nusaybin

Çilesiz (Kurdish: Mezra Mihoka) is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Nusaybin, Mardin Province, Turkey. The village is populated by Kurds of the Dasikan tribe and had a population of 34 in 2022. The village is Yazidi.

## Population

Population history of the village from 1970 to 2022:
# Cevizlik, Artuklu

Cevizlik (Kurdish: Cewzat) is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Artuklu, Mardin Province in Turkey. The village had a population of 952 in 2021.
# Pierre Jamet

Pierre Jamet (21 April 1893 in Orléans – 17 June 1991 in Gargilesse-Dampierre) was a French harpist and pedagogue. A pupil of Alphonse Hasselmans at the Conservatoire de Paris, he became professor of harp there from 1948 to 1963, succeeding Marcel Tournier.
He is the father of harpist Marie-Claire Jamet.

## Selected discography

* Les Introuvables de Manuel de Falla, 4CD, EMI, 1996. With Victoria de Los Angeles, Aldo Ciccolini, Consuelo Rubio and Ana-Maria Iriarte.
* Jean-Philippe Rameau, Rossignols amoureux, extract of Hippolyte et Aricie, with soprano Leïla Ben Sedira, 78 rpm, 1940.
* Hommage à Albert Roussel, 33 rpm, Decca , 1958. With Christiane Verzieux, José Maria Sierra and Christian Lardé.
* Concerto en si bémol majeur pour harpe et orchestre by Haendel/Impromptu op. 86 de Gabriel Fauré/Impromptu op. 21 by Albert Roussel, 33 rpm, Decca
# Kurukavak, Beşiri

Kurukavak (Kurdish: Hemdûna) is a village in the Beşiri District of Batman Province in Turkey. The village is populated by Kurds of non-tribal affiliation and had a population of 109 in 2021. The village is populated by Yazidis.
The hamlet of Ortaalan is attached to the village.
# Shim Ui-gyeom

Shim Ui-gyeom (Korean: 심의겸; Hanja: 沈義謙; 1535–1587) was a Korean philosopher and politician during the Joseon period. A Neo-Confucian scholar, he was the head of the Westerners political faction. Shim was also the younger brother of Queen Insun and a member of the Cheongsong Shim clan (청송 심씨; 靑松 沈氏). Through his father, Shim is a fourth great-grandson of Shim On and great-great-great-grandnephew of Queen Soheon. He eventually became the fifth great-granduncle of Queen Danui.

## Family

* Father
** Shim Gang (심강; 沈鋼; 1514–1567)
* Mother
** Internal Princess Consort Wansan of the Jeonju Yi clan (완산부부인 전주 이씨; 完山府夫人 全州 李氏; 1512–1559)
* Siblings
** Older sister: Queen Insun of the Cheongsong Shim clan (인순왕후 심씨; 仁順王后 沈氏; 27 June 1532 – 12 February 1575)
*** Brother-in-law: Yi Hwan, King Myeongjong (명종 이환; 3 July 1534 – 3 August 1567)
**** Nephew: Yi Bu, Crown Prince Sunhoe (순회세자 이부; 1 July 1551 – 6 October 1563)
**** Adoptive nephew: Yi Yeon, King Seonjo (선조 이연; 26 November 1552 – 16 March 1608)
** Older brother: Shim In-gyeom (심인겸; 沈仁謙; 1533–1580)
** Younger brother: Shim Ye-gyeom (심예겸; 沈禮謙; 1537–1587)
** Younger sister: Lady Shim of the Cheongsong Shim clan (청송 심씨; 1538–1579)
** Younger brother: Shim Ji-gyeom (심지겸; 沈智謙; 1540–1568)
** Younger brother: Shim Sin-gyeom (심신겸; 沈信謙; 1542–1596)
** Younger sister: Lady Shim of the Cheongsong Shim clan (청송 심씨; 1543–?)
** Younger brother: Shim Chung-gyeom (심충겸; 沈忠謙; 1545–1594)
** Younger brother: Shim Hyo-gyeom (심효겸; 沈孝謙; 20 September 1547 – 24 September 1600)
** Younger brother: Shim Je-gyeom (심제겸; 沈悌謙; 1550–1589)
** Younger sister: Lady Shim of the Cheongsong Shim clan (청송 심씨; 1556–?)
Consort(s) and issue
* Lady Han of the Cheongju Han clan (정부인 청주 한씨; 貞夫人 淸州 韓氏; 1532–1613)
** Son: Shim Non (심논; 沈惀)
** Adoptive son: Shim Eom (심엄, 沈㤿; 1563–1624)
*** Daughter-in-law: Lady Gu of the Neungseong Gu clan (능성 구씨; 綾城 具氏; 1563–1620)
** Daughter: Lady Shim of the Cheongsong Shm clan (청송 심씨; 1574–1647)
*** Son-in-law: Yun Hwon (윤훤; 尹暄; 1573 – 15 February 1672), of the Haepyeong Yun clan (해평 윤씨; 海平 尹氏)
**** Grandson: Yun Sun-ji (윤순지; 尹順之; 1591–1666)
**** Grandson: Yun Won-ji (윤원지; 尹元之; 1596–1641)
**** Granddaughter: Lady Yun (윤씨; 1596–1656)
**** Grandson: Yun Jing-ji (윤징지; 尹澄之; 1601–1661)
**** Grandson: Yun Ui-ji (윤의지; 尹誼之; 1605–1666)
# Strmec nad Dobrno

Strmec nad Dobrno (pronounced) is a dispersed settlement in the Municipality of Dobrna in Slovenia. It lies on Paka Mount Kozjak north of Dobrna. The area is part of the traditional region of Styria. The municipality is now included in the Savinja Statistical Region.
The parish church in the settlement is dedicated to Saint Jodocus (Slovene: sveti Jošt) and belongs to the Roman Catholic Diocese of Celje. It was built between 1882 and 1884 on the site of a Gothic predecessor.
# Doyuran, Kızıltepe

Doyuran (Kurdish: Teltaim) is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Kızıltepe, Mardin Province in Turkey. The village is populated by Kurds of the Kîkan tribe and had a population of 480 in 2021.
# Suran, Isfahan

Suran (Persian: سوران, also Romanized as Sūrān) is a village in Karvan-e Sofla Rural District, Karvan District, Tiran and Karvan County, Isfahan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 799, in 206 families.
# Buinsk

Buinsk (Russian: Буинск) is the name of several inhabited localities in Russia.

## Urban localities

* Buinsk, Republic of Tatarstan, a town of republic significance in the Republic of Tatarstan
* Buinsk, Ibresinsky District, Chuvash Republic, an urban-type settlement in Buinskoye Rural Settlement of Ibresinsky District of the Chuvash Republic
# Washburn Observatory

The Washburn Observatory (obs. code: 753) is an astronomical observatory located at 1401 Observatory Drive on the University of Wisconsin–Madison campus in Madison, Wisconsin, United States. Completed in 1881, it was a major research facility for about 50 years. Today, it is home to the UW-Madison College of Letters and Science Honors Program, while the telescope remains in use by students in introductory astronomy courses and the general public during open houses and viewings.

## History

The observatory is named after the former Wisconsin governor, Cadwallader C. Washburn. In 1876, the Wisconsin State Legislature passed "An Act to permanently provide for deficiencies in the University fund income" to which Washburn added a provision that allocated a sum of $3000 USD per year over three years for the establishment of astronomy instruction and a corresponding observatory. This money was not to come from state funds, but was to be raised with property tax.
On September 18, 1877, John Bascom, the president of the University, announced that Washburn would provide an observatory with a telescope that was to be larger than the 15-inch refractor at Harvard. Washburn, along with the Board of Regents, chose the site of the observatory to be removed from the city of Madison with the university campus acting as the divider. The site was about 100 feet above Lake Mendota on the north side of campus and, at the time, was surrounded by a vineyard and orchard. Construction on the observatory was started in May, 1878, and a contract was given to Alvan Clark to build the telescope. It was decided that the telescope would have a diameter of 15.6 inches, which would make it the third largest in the United States.
James C. Watson was appointed the first director of the observatory. He oversaw the completion of the original building, and also provided funding for a students' observatory, as well as a solar observatory. He died suddenly in 1880, never seeing the completed observatory. The instruments in the solar observatory, meant to be used in locating the hypothetical planet Vulcan, were removed in 1882. He was succeeded by Directors Edward S. Holden (1883-1886) then George C. Comstock (1886-1922).
Joel Stebbins became the Director in 1922, and the observatory became a focus for pioneering work on photoelectric photometry as well as the study of variable stars and the interstellar reddening of starlight. He retired in 1948, being succeeded by Albert Whitford. The observatory was used quite heavily until the new Pine Bluff Observatory was dedicated in 1958. Whitford was instrumental in persuading the faculty to fund this new instrument. He left to become Director of Lick Observatory shortly after it was dedicated. Today Washburn Observatory is home to the University of Wisconsin-Madison College of Letters & Science Honors Program. The telescope, managed by the UW Department of Astronomy, is still used for public viewings and educational events.

## Images

* Observatory dome with the constellation Orion in the background.
* Observatory in the evening
# The Devil in Amsterdam

The Devil in Amsterdam (Dutch: De duivel in Amsterdam) is a 1919 Dutch silent film directed by Theo Frenkel.

## Cast

* Eduard Verkade - De Duivel
* Louis Bouwmeester - Van Rijn
* Margie Morris - Thérèse
* Annie Wesling - Huisvriendin van Van Rijn
* Jacques Reule - Schilder
* Mientje Kling - Mizzi
* Lily Bouwmeester - Thérèse's zieke zusje
* Julie Meijer
* Philippe La Chapelle
* Wiesje Bouwmeester
* Ernst Winar
* Piet Urban
* Louis Davids
# Balkan Express (film)

Balkan Express (Serbian: Балкан експрес) is a 1983 Yugoslavian film by director Branko Baletić.

## Cast

* Dragan Nikolić as Popaj
* Bora Todorović as Pik
* Tanja Bošković as Lili
* Bata Živojinović as Stojčić
* Olivera Marković as Aunt
* Radko Polič as Captain Dietrich
* Toma Zdravković as the singer
* Branko Cvejić as Kostica
* Bogdan Diklić as Ernest
* Ratko Tankosić as the waiter
* Predrag Miletić as Gerd
* Milan Erak (born 23.01.1950 - died 20.01.1995) as Bosko
* Gojko Baletic (born 03.03.1956) as kelner
* Hajdana Baletić (born 28.10.1991) as Lea
* Milo Miranović (born 23.03.1937 - died 05.07.2003) as Agent
* Bata Kameni as German soldier
# Zinaida Kokorina

Zinaida Petrovna Kokorina (Russian: Зинаида Петровна Кокорина; 1898 – 1980) was a Russian schoolteacher and aviator. In 1925, she became the world's first female military pilot when she graduated from the Military Aviation School in Yegoryevsk near Moscow. Although she wanted to become a fighter pilot, given her excellent examination results, she was encouraged stay on at the school as an instructor, training some of Russia's most successful female World War II pilots, including Nina Raspopova. She later spent 30 years as headmistress of a village school at Cholpon-Ata in Kyrgyzstan. On her retirement, she returned to Moscow.

## Biography

Born at the turn of the 20th century, Zinaïda Kokorina was the daughter of a gold prospector in the Ural Mountains. Brought up in Perm, she lived in a poor home but as a bright child, she was admitted to secondary school. In 1916, she moved to Petrograd to attend university, graduating as a teacher in 1921.
Shortly afterwards, while in Kiev she experienced a plane flying over her for the first time. She was so impressed, she immediately decided she wanted to fly herself. She took up a job as librarian at the flying school in Kacha, Crimea. There she was trained by the Estonian Albert Poel, with whom she fell in love. They had planned to marry but Poel died when his plane crashed a couple of days before the wedding they had planned.
After the disaster, those at the school agreed she could train as a military pilot at Yegoryevsk near Moscow. She was about to be dismissed by a commander but she successfully sought support from Mikhail Kalinin, the Soviet head of state. She first flew solo on 3 May 1924 and soon afterwards received her military licence. Although she was keen to become a fighter pilot, in view of her exceptional skills she was persuaded to stay at the school and become an instructor. During World War II, she trained many pilots, several of them women.
She later spent 30 years as a schoolteacher and headmistress at Cholpon-Ata in Kyrgyzstan. On retirement, she returned to Moscow.
# Mohammad Bagheri (politician)

Mohammad Bagheri (Persian: ‌‌محمد باقری; born 1971) is an Iranian Shiite cleric and politician, who currently serves as a member of the Iranian Parliament representing Bonab since 2020 .
Bagheri was born in Najaf from Iranian Azerbaijanis family. He was also a member of the 9th Islamic Consultative Assembly from the electorate of Bonab. Bagheri won with 33,912 (44.76%) votes in that election.
# Rainbow-class submarine

The Rainbow-class submarine or R class was a quartet of patrol submarines built for the Royal Navy in the early 1930s.

## Design and description

The Rainbow-class submarines were designed as improved versions of the Parthian class and were intended for long-range operations in the Far East. The submarines had a length of 287 feet 2 inches (87.5 m) overall, a beam of 29 feet 10 inches (9.1 m) and a mean draft of 13 feet 10 inches (4.2 m). They displaced 1,772 long tons (1,800 t) on the surface and 2,030 long tons (2,063 t) submerged. The Rainbow-class submarines had a crew of 56 officers and ratings. They had a diving depth of 300 feet (91.4 m).
For surface running, the boats were powered by two 2,200-brake-horsepower (1,641 kW) diesel engines, each driving one propeller shaft. When submerged each propeller was driven by a 660-horsepower (492 kW) electric motor. They could reach 17.5 knots (32.4 km/h; 20.1 mph) on the surface and 9 knots (17 km/h; 10 mph) underwater. On the surface, the boats had a range of 7,050 nautical miles (13,060 km; 8,110 mi) at 9.2 knots (17.0 km/h; 10.6 mph) and 62 nmi (115 km; 71 mi) at 4 knots (7.4 km/h; 4.6 mph) submerged.
The boats were armed with six 21-inch torpedo tubes in the bow and two more in the stern. They carried six reload torpedoes for a grand total of fourteen torpedoes. They were also armed with a QF 4.7-inch (120 mm) Mark IX deck gun.

## Boats

Six boats were ordered in February 1929 but, following the May 1929 general election, the new government suspended the construction of two boats in August due to economic considerations; they were subsequently cancelled.
Construction data :
| Name | Builder | Launched | Fate |
| Rainbow | Chatham Dockyard | 14 May 1930 | Sunk 4 October 1940 in collision with the Italian merchant ship Antonietta Costa |
| Regent | Vickers, Barrow in Furness | 11 June 1930 | Sunk 18 April 1943 by mines near Barletta, Apulia, Italy |
| Regulus | Vickers, Barrow in Furness | 11 June 1930 | Sunk 6 December 1940 by mines near Taranto, Apulia, Italy |
| Rover | Vickers, Barrow in Furness | 11 June 1930 | Scrapped 1946 |
| Royalist | Beardmore, Dalmuir | | Cancelled 1929 |
| Rupert | Cammell Laird, Birkenhead | | Cancelled 1929 |
It is often stated that the Enrico Toti sank HMS Rainbow. However, the submarine Enrico Toti sank was HMS Triad.
# François Forster

François Forster (22 August 1790 - 27 June 1872) was a French engraver and lithographer.

## Biography

He was born at Locle, Switzerland. He studied in Paris under the engraver Pierre-Gabriel Langlois, and then studied painting and engraving at the École des Beaux-Arts, where he won the Grand Prix de Rome in 1814. The king of Prussia, who was then with the allies in Paris, bestowed on him a gold medal, and a pension of 1500 francs for two years. With the aid of this sum, Forster pursued his studies in Rome, where his attention was devoted chiefly to the works of Raphael. In 1844 he succeeded Tardieu in the Académie des Beaux-Arts.
He engraved a number of historical subjects and portraits which enhanced his reputation. Among these are: "Francis I and Charles V visiting the Church of Saint Denis" (1833, after Gros); "The Madonna of the House of Orleans" (1838, after Raphael); and the portraits of Raphael, Alexander von Humboldt, Duke of Wellington, and others.

## Gallery

* Albrecht Dürer (1822)
* Titian's mistress (1837)
* Queen Victoria (1846, after Winterhalter)