OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Jo Tae-eok

Jo Tae-eok (Korean: 조태억; 1675 – 5 November 1728), also known as Cho T'aeŏk, was an 18th-century Korean scholar-official and Jwauijeong of the Joseon period.
He was also diplomat and ambassador, representing Joseon interests in the 8th Edo period diplomatic mission to the Tokugawa shogunate in Japan.

## 1711 mission to Japan

In 1711, King Sukjong of Joseon directed that a mission to the shogunal court of Tokugawa Ienobu should be sent to Edo. This diplomatic mission functioned to the advantage of both the Japanese and the Koreans as a channel for developing a political foundation for trade.
This delegation was explicitly identified by the Joseon court as a "Communication Envoy" (tongsinsa). The mission was understood to signify that relations were "normalized."
The delegation arrived in the 1st year of Shōtoku, according to the Japanese calendar in use at that time. Jo Tae-eok was the chief envoy of this diplomatic embassy.

## Recognition in the West

Jo Tae-eok's historical significance was confirmed when his mission and his name were specifically mentioned in a widely distributed history published by the Oriental Translation Fund in 1834.
In the West, early published accounts of the Joseon kingdom are not extensive, but they are found in Sangoku Tsūran Zusetsu (published in Paris in 1832), and in Nihon ōdai ichiran (published in Paris in 1834). Joseon foreign relations and diplomacy are explicitly referenced in the 1834 work.

## Selected works

* 1711 -- Dongsarok.
* 1712 -- Conversation by Writing in Jianggnan (Ganggwan pildam).
# Nirmal Singh Dhunsi

Nirmal Singh Dhunsi (Punjabi: ਨਿਰਮਲ ਸਿੰਘ ਧੌਂਸੀ, born 1960) is a Punjabi-Norwegian artist. He is known for associating two different cultures, the East (India) and the West (Norway), in his paintings.

## Biography

Dhunsi was born in 1960 in village Jandiala Manjki in Jalandhar district of Punjab, India. He migrated to Norway in 1984 and joined the Trondheim Academy of Fine Arts in 1987. He is currently based in Trondheim, Norway.
Since 2008, he has been receiving the minimum guaranteed income for artists from the Government of Norway.
His work is included in the permanent collection of the Nasjonalmuseet, Norway.
# Adel Nassief

Adel Nassief (Arabic: عادل نصيف; 20 October 1962 – 19 March 2021) was an Egyptian painter specializing in Coptic art. He has some work on display on the external wall of a Coptic church in Paris and some work in the Cairo modern art museum and in Coptic churches in Damanhour and Alexandria. He illustrated the book First Christmas by Alastair Macdonald.
He received a bachelor of fine arts, Faculty of Arts, Alexandria University Department of Painting with General Grade Very Good with high Honours 1985. He then did specialised studies in Coptic Art and Icons at the Institute of Coptic Studies, Cairo.
Nassief died on 19 March 2021, at the age of 58, after contracting COVID-19.
# Huseyngulu Baghirov

Huseyngulu Seyid oglu Baghirov (Azerbaijani: Hüseynqulu Seyid oğlu Bağırov; born in 1955) is an Azerbaijani politician who used to serve as the first Minister of Ecology and Natural Resources of Azerbaijan Republic.

## Early life

Baghirov was born in 1955 in Quba District, Azerbaijani. In 1978, he graduated from Baku State University with a degree in history. While in college he was the recipient of the Karl Marx Scholarship. From 1978 to 1983, he worked at the Ministry of Education and then held various positions in Komsomol. From 1983 to 1985, he worked as a scientific researcher in Baku and Moscow, receiving the title of a professor from the USSR Education Ministry in 1990. From 1985 to 1992, he worked at the Transcaucasian bureau of Komsomol. In 1998, Baghirov was a Fulbright scholar lecturing at Indiana University in the United States. In 1990, he was appointed rector of the Institute of Youth which was transformed into Western University in Baku in 1992.

## Political career

Baghirov remained the rector of Western University until 2000, when he was appointed the Minister of Trade and served until 2001. On May 23, 2001 he was appointed Minister of Ecology and Natural Resources of Azerbaijan Republic. In 2005, he was elected president of the Air and Extreme Sports Federation of Azerbaijan Republic. He led Azerbaijani expeditions to Antarctica and Uhuru Peak on Mount Kilimanjaro.
# Nazif

Nazif (Arabic: نظيف, IPA:) is an Arabic masculine given name, meaning "pure", "clean", "innocent", "neat and clean" and "chaste". It is also a surname. Notable people with the name include:

## Given name

* Nazif Kayacık (1872–1951), Turkish Army general
* Nazif Memedi (born 1956), Croatian politician
* Nazif Shahrani, Afghan academic
* Nazif ibn Yumn (died 990), Melkite Christian mathematician
* Serdar Nazif Nasır, Turkish plastic surgeon

## Surname

* Ahmed Nazif (born 1952), Egyptian politician
* Süleyman Nazif (1870–1927), Turkish poet
# Dickman function

In analytic number theory, the Dickman function or Dickman–de Bruijn function ρ is a special function used to estimate the proportion of smooth numbers up to a given bound. It was first studied by actuary Karl Dickman, who defined it in his only mathematical publication, which is not easily available, and later studied by the Dutch mathematician Nicolaas Govert de Bruijn.

## Definition

The Dickman–de Bruijn function $\rho (u)$ is a continuous function that satisfies the delay differential equation
    $u\rho '(u)+\rho (u-1)=0\,$
with initial conditions $\rho (u)=1$ for 0 ≤ u ≤ 1.

## Properties

Dickman proved that, when $a$ is fixed, we have
    $\Psi (x,x^{1/a})\sim x\rho (a)\,$
where $\Psi (x,y)$ is the number of y-smooth (or y-friable) integers below x.
Ramaswami later gave a rigorous proof that for fixed a, $\Psi (x,x^{1/a})$ was asymptotic to $x\rho (a)$, with the error bound
    $\Psi (x,x^{1/a})=x\rho (a)+O(x/\log x)$
in big O notation.

## Applications

The main purpose of the Dickman–de Bruijn function is to estimate the frequency of smooth numbers at a given size. This can be used to optimize various number-theoretical algorithms such as P–1 factoring and can be useful of its own right.
It can be shown that
    $\Psi (x,y)=xu^{O(-u)}$
which is related to the estimate $\rho (u)\approx u^{-u}$ below.
The Golomb–Dickman constant has an alternate definition in terms of the Dickman–de Bruijn function.

## Estimation

A first approximation might be $\rho (u)\approx u^{-u}.\,$ A better estimate is
    $\rho (u)\sim {\frac {1}{\xi {\sqrt {2\pi u}}}}\cdot \exp(-u\xi +\operatorname {Ei} (\xi ))$
where Ei is the exponential integral and ξ is the positive root of
    $e^{\xi }-1=u\xi .\,$
A simple upper bound is $\rho (x)\leq 1/x!.$
| $u$ | $\rho (u)$ |
| 1 | 1 |
| 2 | 3.0685282×10$^{−1}$ |
| 3 | 4.8608388×10$^{−2}$ |
| 4 | 4.9109256×10$^{−3}$ |
| 5 | 3.5472470×10$^{−4}$ |
| 6 | 1.9649696×10$^{−5}$ |
| 7 | 8.7456700×10$^{−7}$ |
| 8 | 3.2320693×10$^{−8}$ |
| 9 | 1.0162483×10$^{−9}$ |
| 10 | 2.7701718×10$^{−11}$ |

## Computation

For each interval [n − 1, n] with n an integer, there is an analytic function $\rho _{n}$ such that $\rho _{n}(u)=\rho (u)$. For 0 ≤ u ≤ 1, $\rho (u)=1$. For 1 ≤ u ≤ 2, $\rho (u)=1-\log u$. For 2 ≤ u ≤ 3,
    $\rho (u)=1-(1-\log(u-1))\log(u)+\operatorname {Li} _{2}(1-u)+{\frac {\pi ^{2}}{12}}.$
with Li$_2$ the dilogarithm. Other $\rho _{n}$ can be calculated using infinite series.
An alternate method is computing lower and upper bounds with the trapezoidal rule; a mesh of progressively finer sizes allows for arbitrary accuracy. For high precision calculations (hundreds of digits), a recursive series expansion about the midpoints of the intervals is superior.

## Extension

Friedlander defines a two-dimensional analog $\sigma (u,v)$ of $\rho (u)$. This function is used to estimate a function $\Psi (x,y,z)$ similar to de Bruijn's, but counting the number of y-smooth integers with at most one prime factor greater than z. Then
    $\Psi (x,x^{1/a},x^{1/b})\sim x\sigma (b,a).\,$
# Deklidash

Deklidash (Persian: دكلي داش, also Romanized as Deklīdāsh; also known as Dīklī Dāsh) is a village in Maraveh Tappeh Rural District, in the Central District of Maraveh Tappeh County, Golestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 211, in 43 families.
# Hippodrome de la Côte d'Azur

The Hippodrome de la Côte d'Azur is a racecourse which is located in the town of Cagnes-sur-Mer. It opened with temporary facilities in 1952, and was officially opened in December 1960. The most prestigious trotting race is the Grand Criterium speed of the Riviera, which is one of the great classics of trotting season Europe.
# RAF Chedworth

Royal Air Force Chedworth or more simply RAF Chedworth is a former Royal Air Force satellite station located near Chedworth, Gloucestershire, England. It was used mostly for training during its existence and has been inactive since the 1980s.

## History

Construction of the airfield began in late 1941 and it opened in April 1942 as a satellite station to RAF Aston Down. The first users were detachments of No. 52 Operational Training Unit (OTU), flying Supermarine Spitfires and Miles Magisters. In August two flights were transferred to Chedworth. On 15 January 1943, the flights were assigned to the Flight Leaders School (FLS) within the OTU to teach tactics to fighter squadron and flight leaders. Chedworth proved to be too small and the FLS was transferred to RAF Charmy Down on 9 February.
The airfield came under the control of RAF South Cerney ten days later and was used for flight training by the Airspeed Oxfords of No. 3 and No. 6 (Pilots) Advanced Flying Units and a detachment of 6(P)AFU was based there for a few months. RAF Honiley assumed control of Chedworth in October and it was used by No. 2 (Air Gunnery) Squadron of No. 63 OTU and the Air Gunnery Squadron of No. 60 OTU. They formed a combined gunnery squadron that flew de Havilland Mosquitoes, Bristol Beaufighters and Miles Masters until they returned home in January 1944. 3 (P) AFU returned in a few months later to relieve the congestion at South Cerney. No. 3 Tactical Exercise Unit RAF arrived 17 July 1944, becoming No. 55 Operational Training Unit RAF on 18 December 1944 until 29 May 1945. The site was also used by No. 2800 Squadron RAF Regiment.
RAF Chedworth was also briefly home to the headquarters squadron of the Ninth Air Force of the United States Army Air Forces units during 19 June–9 July 1944 and was used by Piper L-4 Grasshoppers and Stinson L-5 Sentinels of the 125th Liaison Squadron.

## Current use

Much of the site remains, including most of the two runways, one blister hangar (of 2 originally), the armoury, and the battle HQ building, but the site is now primarily agricultural.
# Tekağaç, Besni

Tekağaç (Kurdish: Kotur) is a village in the Besni District, Adıyaman Province, Turkey. The village is populated by Kurds of the Reşwan tribe and had a population of 289 in 2021.
The hamlets of Beşir, Bostancık and Yazıyalankoz are attached to the village.
# Alexander Kuzyukov

Alexander Anatolyevich Kuzyukov (Russian: Александр Анатольевич Кузюков; born 7 August 1987) is a Russian wheelchair fencer, who won gold in the men's épée B event at the 2020 Summer Paralympics. He is a two-time Paralympic champion, three-time world champion, three-time European champion, and 23-time champion of Russia. He is a Merited Master of Sport of Russia.

## Early life

Kuzyukov was born 1987 in the workers' settlement of Maryanovka, Omsk Oblast. In childhood he practiced running, swimming and basketball. At the age of eighteen he had an employment injury on a construction site, receiving a spinal compression fracture and the loss of ability to walk. After the injury he decided to take up Paralympic fencing (sitting fencing). He attended the recently established section in Omsk, with his first coach being Valery Petrovich Purtov.

## Personal life

Kuzyukov enrolled at the Siberian Automobile and Highway University with a degree in "Economics and Management in Companies" and at the Siberian State Academy of Physical Culture and Sports with a degree in "Coach Instructor in Physical Culture and Sports".
# Jowzeqan

Jowzeqan (Persian: جوزقان) is a village in Kuhsangi Rural District of Miyan Velayat District, Taybad County, Razavi Khorasan province, Iran.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the village's population was 1,833 in 423 households. The following census in 2011 counted 2,049 people in 560 households. The 2016 census measured the population of the village as 2,121 people in 567 households. It was the most populous village in its rural district.
# Dompierre-sur-Authie

Dompierre-sur-Authie (French pronunciation:, literally Dompierre on Authie; Picard: Dompierre-su-Eutie) is a commune in the Somme department in Hauts-de-France in northern France.
It is slowly depopulating like most of the countryside towns of this region, with the last shop and last hairdresser in the village having closed in the 1990s. Nevertheless, there is a strong identity and social life in the town, which retains its own primary school.

## Geography

The commune is situated on the D119 road, on the banks of the river Authie, the department border with the Pas-de-Calais, some 17 miles (27 km) north of Abbeville. The railway line, part of the Réseau des Bains de Mer system opened on 19 June 1892 and closed on 10 March 1947. Dompierre-sur-Authie was the northern terminus of the branch from Abbeville. The station is still standing and recognisable as such, though it is now a private dwelling.

## History

There are two buildings in the town which are described as chateaux. The town is mentioned (though its name is misspelled) in the Appendix of Heinz Guderian's memoirs 'Panzer Leader', and it is clear that Guderian moved his units through Dompierre on 22 May 1940 and briefly had his HQ stationed there when moving from Abbeville in the direction of Montreuil-sur-Mer.
# Harazijan

Harazjan (Persian: هرازجان, also Romanized as Harāzjān; also known as Hezār Jān) is a village in Jasb Rural District, in the Central District of Delijan County, Markazi Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 120, in 54 families.
# Chenaqchi (disambiguation)

Chenaqchi is a village in East Azerbaijan Province, Iran
Chenaqchi or Chanaqchi or Chonaqchi (Persian: چناقچي), also rendered as Chunaqcheh and Janaqchi, may also refer to:
* Chenaqchi-ye Olya, Markazi Province
* Chenaqchi-ye Sofla, Markazi Province
# Pachk, Razavi Khorasan

Pachk (Persian: پچك; also known as Parch) is a village in Kakhk Rural District, Kakhk District, Gonabad County, Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 275, in 99 families.
# Legs (novel)

Legs is a 1975 novel by William Kennedy. It is the first book in Kennedy's Albany Cycle.

## Plot summary

The book chronicles the life of the gangster Jack 'Legs' Diamond. It is told from the perspective of Jack's lawyer, Marcus Gorman. Marcus becomes involved with "Legs" Diamond to add excitement to his otherwise boring life, and the best way to do this was by immortalizing a highly popular gangster. Through Gorman's eyes, Kennedy is able to elicit sympathy for the criminal, transposing this sympathy into the context of America during the 1920s and 30s: excess, collapse, destitution, and analysis of right and wrong, good and evil.

## Adaptations

In 2009, Audible.com produced an audio version of Legs, narrated by Joe Barrett, as part of its Modern Vanguard line of audiobooks.
# Ilıca, Derik

Ilıca (Kurdish: Germik) is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Derik, Mardin Province in Turkey. The village is populated by Kurds of the Sorkan tribe and had a population of 366 in 2021.
# Ghosting with Luke Hutchie and Matthew Finlan

Ghosting with Luke Hutchie and Matthew Finlan is a Canadian web series, which premiered in 2024 on CBC Gem. Cohosted by actors Luke Hutchie and Matthew Finlan, the series features the two accompanying celebrity guests to purportedly haunted locations, and attempting to investigate the reality of the paranormal.
Hutchie and Finlan are friends who previously costarred in Hutchie's horror comedy web series EZRA, and created the series based on a shared interest in horror. Finlan is the believer of the duo, while Hutchie is the skeptic.
Guests on the series have included Kevin Alves, Katie Douglas, Devyn Nekoda, Bukola Ayoka, Zoé De Grand Maison, Jade Hassouné, Frankie Grande and Synthia Kiss.
Produced by Blue Ant Media, the series premiered on January 26, 2024. In July 2024, the CBC announced that the series had been renewed for a second season.
# Avtonom Golovin

General Avtonom Mikhailovich Golovin (Russian: Автоном Михайлович Головин) (October 7, 1667 – July 3, 1720) was a Russian military leader and an associate of Peter the Great.

## Biography

When tsar Peter I of Russia was a young boy, Avtonom Golovin served him as a room stolnik. Later in his life, Peter the Great made Golovin one of his military commanders for his loyalty, despite the fact that the latter had had almost no military experience. The tsar "promoted" Avtonom to the rank of colonel of the Leib Guard Preobrazhensky regiment and asked him to participate in his Azov campaigns.
Upon his return from abroad in 1698, Peter the Great began preparations for the war with Sweden. The first Russian regular regiments consisted of the so-called datochniye lyudi (lifelong conscripts), later combined with the okhochiye lyudi (volunteers). Peter managed to muster 27 regiments formed into three divisions (9 regiments each). Generals Adam Veyde, Avtonom Golovin and Anikita Repnin were appointed commanders of these divisions. Soldiers had to learn how to use weapons and master military formations in accordance with Veyde's Military Charter (1698). Foreign officers were in charge of this training, which caused Golovin's anger. He used to say that they couldn't hold a musket in their hands, didn't know their business, had to be taught themselves, and that it was all a waste of time. Soon, Peter the Great had to decline their services and put inexperienced Muscovite sluzhiliye lyudi in charge of the training. In 1700, Golovin formed 8 infantry regiments and one dragoon regiment (one division). During the Battle of Narva, the Russian army was defeated by Charles XII. Golovin's division (which consisted of recruits only) was one of the first ones to flee the battlefield. Field Marshal Charles Eugène de Croÿ and all of the foreign officers in the Russian army surrendered to the Swedes. They were soon followed by Generals Yakov Dolgoruky, tsarevich Alexander Imeretinsky, Avtonom Golovin and Ivan Buturlin, who had decided to capitulate, as well. As a result, almost all of the commanding officers were taken prisoners and the Swedes captured all of the Russian artillery, which Peter the Great had been assembling piece by piece from all over Russia. Golovin was taken to Stockholm and remained there for the next 18 years. The tsar was only able to exchange him in 1718 for Count Carl Gustav Rehnskiöld. In 1719 and 1720, Golovin took part in the structuralization of the Russian army. Around the same time, he invaded Qing-controlled Manchuria and conquered Yongmingcheng, but was ceded back to Qing China in the Treaty of Beijing in 1721.
Avtonom Golovin died in 1720.

## General references

* Ivleva, Victoria (December 2020). "From Catherine II's Coup to Alexander Pushkin's The Captain's Daughter: A Reflection on Sartorial and Spiritual Searching in Russian Culture". ВИВЛIОθИКА: E-Journal of Eighteenth-Century Russian Studies. 8. doi:10.21900/j.vivliofika.v8.793. Retrieved 23 February 2024.
# Olotinskaya

Olotinskaya (Russian: Олотинская) is a rural locality (a village) in Morozovskoye Rural Settlement, Verkhovazhsky District, Vologda Oblast, Russia. The population was 11 as of 2002.

## Geography

Olotinskaya is located 27 km northwest of Verkhovazhye (the district's administrative centre) by road. Fominskaya is the nearest rural locality.
# Edin Bavčić

Edin Bavčić (born 6 May 1984) is a retired Bosnian professional basketball player.

## Professional career
### Europe

Edin played for KK Bosna, which was the champion of the Bosnia and Herzegovina Basketball League in 2006.
At the beginning of the 2008–09 season, Bavčić joined TBL team Antalya Kepez Belediyesi but later in the season, he joined the Basketball Bundesliga team Köln 99ers. On 10 June 2009 he signed with Union Olimpija where he averaged 11.4 points and 6.3 rebounds per game in the Slovenian league, 5.7 points in the Adriatic League and 5.2 points and 4 rebounds at the Euroleague.
In 2011, he joined Aris BC, after having played for New Basket Brindisi, in Italy, and BC Khimik, in Ukraine.
In August 2011, he signed a one-year contract with Vanoli Cremona, however, they released him on December 6. The next day, he signed with Greek team KAOD.
On 16 August 2012 he signed with Limoges CSP where he averaged 2.3 points and 2.1 rebounds in 7 games. On 22 November he was released by Limoges. On 4 December he re-signed with KAOD.
On 2 September 2014 he signed with Sigal Prishtina.
On September 15, 2015, he signed with Sopron of the Hungarian League after averaging 17 points and 10 rebounds per game at Kosovo.
On 17 August 2016 he signed with Apollon Patras of the Greek Basket League.
On 16 August 2017 he signed with Klosterneuburg Dukes of the Austrian Bundesliga. Bavčić announced his retirement from professional basketball in June 2022.

### NBA

In June 2006, he was selected by the Toronto Raptors with the 56th pick of the 2006 NBA draft.
On 11 July 2012 the New Orleans Hornets agreed to a three-team trade acquiring the rights for Bavčić, while sending Jarrett Jack to the Golden State Warriors and Darryl Watkins to the Philadelphia 76ers.
On 21 January 2014 the New Orleans Pelicans traded Bavčić's rights to the Brooklyn Nets for Tyshawn Taylor. On 10 July 2014 the Nets traded his rights to the Cleveland Cavaliers.
# Podgorje (Višegrad)

Podgorje (Serbian: Подгорје) is a village in the municipality of Višegrad, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
# Girmeli, Nusaybin

Girmeli (Kurdish: Girê Mîra, lit. 'Emir hill'; Syriac: Gırēmīrā) is a neighbourhood of the municipality and district of Nusaybin, Mardin Province, Turkey. The population was 3,247 in 2022. Before the 2013 reorganisation, it was a town (belde). The village is populated by Assyrians and by Kurds of the Mizizex and Omerkan tribes.

## History

Gırēmīrā (today called Girmeli) was inhabited by 400 Assyrians in 1914, according to the list presented to the Paris Peace Conference by the Assyro-Chaldean delegation. In 1915, there were 70 Assyrian families and 10 Kurdish families. The Assyrians adhered to the Syriac Orthodox Church. Amidst the Sayfo, the Assyrians took refuge elsewhere. The village had a population of 571 in 1960. There were 225 Turoyo-speaking Christians in 34 families in 1966. By 1987, there were 7 Assyrian families.
# Mehtar Ahmad

Mehtar Ahmad (Persian: مهتراحمد, also Romanized as Mehtar Aḩmad; also known as Mahtarābād and Meytaramad) is a village in Mishu-e Jonubi Rural District, Sufian District, Shabestar County, East Azerbaijan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 250, in 68 families.