OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Tevfik Esenç

Tevfik Esenç (Turkish pronunciation:; 1904 – 7 October 1992) was a Turkish citizen of Ubykh origin, known for being the last speaker of the Ubykh language. He was fluent in Ubykh, Adyghe and Turkish. After his death in 1992, the Ubykh language went extinct despite the efforts and work of numerous linguists to revive it. Nevertheless, Esenç is single-handedly responsible for the world's current knowledge of Ubykh language and culture being as extensive and detailed as it is.

## Biography

Esenç was raised by his Ubykh-speaking grandparents for a time in the village of Hacıosman (Ubykh: Lek'uaşüa /lɜkʷʼɐ́ɕʷɜ/; Adyghe: Hundjahabl) in Turkey, and he served a term as the muhtar (mayor) of that village, before receiving a post in the civil service of Istanbul. There, he was able to do a great deal of work with the French linguist Georges Dumézil and his associate Georges Charachidzé to help record his language, although not all the writings of Charachidzé (1930–2010) have been published. Others who met Esenç and produced work on Ubykh are: the Norwegian Hans Vogt (1911–92); the British George Hewitt, who made recordings with Esenç in Istanbul; the Abkhazian Viacheslav Chirikba, who has written on Ubykh settlements and Ubykh surnames; and the Turkish linguist A. Sumru Özsoy.
Having an excellent memory and understanding quickly the goals of Dumézil and the other linguists who came to visit him, he was a primary source of not only the Ubykh language, but also of the mythology, culture history, and customs of the Ubykh people. He spoke Turkish and Ubykh, and also a dialect of Adyghe (West Circassian), allowing some comparative work to be done between these two members of the Northwest Caucasian family. A purist, his idiolect of Ubykh was considered by Dumézil as the closest thing to a standard "literary" Ubykh language that existed.
He finished his work for Ubykh with the following speech to his long-time collaborator Georges Charachidzé:
   Professor Charachidzé, my great friend...
   Please forgive me if I made any mistakes. From now on, you are the Ubykh language. I told everything I know to you. Teach it to the world. May God give you all blessings and beauty!
   This is where Ubykh comes to an end.
Esenç died in the night of 7 October 1992, at the age of 88; he was buried in the village cemetery of Hacıosman, his birthplace, alongside his wife Emine. He was survived by three sons and two daughters.
In 1994, A. Sumru Özsoy organized an international conference, namely Conference on Northwest Caucasian Linguistics, at Boğaziçi University in memory of Dumézil and Esenç.
# Bega Veche

The Bega Veche (also: Beregsău, Serbian: Стари Бегеј – Stari Begej) is a left tributary of the river Bega in Romania and Serbia. It discharges into the canalized part of the Bega near Zrenjanin. In Romania, its length is 107 km (66 mi) and its basin size is 2,108 km$^2$ (814 sq mi). The lower part of the river is the old course of the Bega. It drains the area north of the city of Timișoara. It flows through the villages Comeat, Bogda, Charlotenburg, Remetea Mică, Fibiș, Pișchia, Cerneteaz, Covaci, Sânandrei, Săcălaz, Beregsău Mare, Beregsău Mic, Bobda and Cenei in Romania, and through Hetin and Banatski Dvor in Serbia. Many rivers of the Banat plain have been channelized. The channelization started in the 18th century and has continued in the following centuries. At present most of these rivers have been integrated into the system of drainage channels of the area. This development has significantly modified the original natural river network.

## Tributaries

The following rivers are tributaries to the river Bega Veche (in downstream order):
* Left: Buzad, Hamoș, Honoș, Șumanda, Băcin, Valea Dosului
* Right: Sintar, Măgheruș, Pârâul Lacului, Apa Mare
# K. Satyanarayana Raju

Kantheti Satyanarayana Raju is an Indian politician and member of the Bharatiya Janata Party. Raju was a member of the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Council as a nominated member.
# Notre Dame High School, Northampton

The Notre Dame High School in Northampton was a former all-female Roman Catholic (RC) direct grant grammar school.

## History

Notre Dame High School for Girls was an all female Roman Catholic direct grant school in Northampton, also known as a convent school. It was built in 1880 on Abington Street, and was run by the Sisters of Notre Dame de Namur in the Roman Catholic Diocese of Northampton, for girls aged 11–18. The building contained the school and the nuns' convent. A Chapel was attached and a small cemetery for the sisters was contained in the gardens. The associated junior school of St Mary's was at the rear of the main building and opened onto Lady's Lane.
A modern science block was opened in 1950.
There were around 500 girls at the school in the 1960s. Each year was divided into three forms or approximately 30 girls each. In the Second Year, the Forms were re-assigned according to ability and performance in Year One.
The students were divided into 6 Houses, each with a different coloured tie.
Silver - Trinity - The Holy Trinity
Red - Campion - Blessed Edmund Campion
Blue - Marion - The Virgin Mary
Green - Aquinas - St Thomas Aquinas
Yellow - Billart - Blessed Julie Billart
Purple - Lescher - Frances Lescher (Sr Mary of St Philip)

### Closure

The school was closed in 1975, and the students transferred to St Thomas Becket Catholic School.
The site was bulldozed in 1979 and replaced with a row of shops. After the schools was demolished, the cemetery was cared for by the residents of the housing built on the Lady's Lane gardens.

### Building

The building was across the road from the Andrew Carnegie public library.
Until 2020, nearby was the headquarters of the Motor Neurone Disease Association, situated close to the north. The building further down the road is now BBC Radio Northampton.

## Notable former pupils

* Paula Claire
# Mads Nordam

Mads Nordam (born 14 May 1995) is a Danish footballer who plays for the Danish 1st Division club Næstved BK.

## Career
### Lyngby Boldklub

On 5 July 2014 it was announced, that Lyngby Boldklub had signed Nordam from the youth sector of F.C. Copenhagen.

### Fremad Amager

On 22 December 2016 Lyngby confirmed, that Nordam had signed a contract with Danish 1st Division-side Fremad Amager.
# Sidi Ali El Gorjani

Sidi Ali El Gorjani (Arabic: سيدي علي القرجاني) whose real name is Abu Hassan Ali El Gorjani (Arabic: أبو الحسن علي القرجاني), died in 1282, is a Tunisian holy man and author of El Manakab.
He is buried in a cemetery bearing his name, in the south of the medina of Tunis. This cemetery has become the public garden of El Gorjani.
# Chita State Academy of Medicine

The Chita State Academy of Medicine (Russian: Читинская Государственная Медицинская Академия) is an institution of higher education in Chita, Russia. It was founded on 23 July 1953 as the Chita State Institute of Medicine. The institute was composed of the lecturers of the Perm Dentist Institute evacuated to Chita during World War II.
Following the collapse of the Soviet Union, the Chita State Institute of Medicine was renamed in 1995 when it was granted the new status becoming the Chita State Academy of Medicine.
# Koryaki

Koryaki (Russian: Коряки) is a rural locality in the Yelizovsky District of Kamchatka Krai in Far Eastern Russia. It is located 15 km (9.3 mi) north-west of Yelizovo. In 2010, it had a population of 2,735 people.
# Sudbury Downs

Sudbury Downs was a harness racing track located in Greater Sudbury, Ontario, Canada, on Bonin Road between the communities of Azilda and Chelmsford. Sudbury Downs held its last day of live racing on October 30, 2013. After Ontario cut betting revenue to the racecourse, the track decided to close as it could not find a profitable business model.
The site is now home to Gateway Casinos Sudbury.

## Location history

Sudbury Downs was built on the farm of Médéric Bonin, which was settled in the mid 19th century by the Bonin family. The track is located in Boninville, which has now been amalgamated with Greater Sudbury. The history of this location can still be seen in places around Sudbury Downs. The land and its surrounding was transformed from a dense, Northern Ontario hardwood forest into farmland for much of the 19th century.
# Mary Mackellar

Mary Mackellar (Scottish Gaelic:Màiri Nic Ceallair) (née Cameron, Scottish Gaelic:Camshròn) (1 October 1834 – 7 September 1890) was a prominent Highland Scottish poet, Scottish Gaelic-English translator and campaigner for a Gaelic language revival and the revival of Highland culture during the 19th century.

## Biography

Mary Mackellar, daughter of Allan Cameron, baker at Fort William, was born on 1 October 1834. Her early days were spent with grandparents at Corrybeg on the north shore of Loch Eil; her father died at a young age, and Mary briefly took over his business. She married early John Mackellar, captain and joint-owner of a coasting vessel, the "Glencoe", with whom she sailed for several years, visiting many places in Europe, and being often shipwrecked.
She settled in Edinburgh in 1876, shortly afterwards obtained a judicial separation from her husband, and dying on 7 September 1890, was buried at Kilmallie, Argyllshire. While living in Edinburgh she became friendly with Professor John Stuart Blackie and enthusiastically supported his successful campaign for the establishment of a Chair of Celtic Studies at Edinburgh University. She dedicated her book of poems and songs to her caraide dìleas agus fear-tagraidh mo dhùtcha, mo shluaigh agus mo chànain, Professor Blackie ("faithful friend and advocate of my country, my people and my language, Professor Blackie"). She translated a few of Blackie's poems into Gaelic.
For the last ten years of her life she tried to make a livelihood by her pen, and she was granted £60 from the Royal Bounty Fund in 1885. Her Poems and Songs, Gaelic and English, collected chiefly from newspapers and periodicals, were published at Edinburgh in 1880. According to the Dictionary of National Biography, the Gaelic poems show force and some fancy, but the English pieces, through which there is an undertone of sadness, are of no merit. She also wrote The Tourist's Handbook of Gaelic and English Phrases for the Highlands (Edinburgh, 1880), and her translation of Queen Victoria's second series of Leaves from our Journal in the Highlands has been described as "a masterpiece of forcible and idiomatic Gaelic". A Guide to Lochaber by her gives many traditions and historical incidents nowhere else recorded. She also wrote fiction, serialised in the Oban Times.
She held the office of 'bard' to the Gaelic Society of Inverness, in whose Transactions much of her prose, including her last work, appears; and was 'bard' of the Clan Cameron Society. The Highland Monthly, in its obituary, noted that Lochaber and Clan Cameron "formed the centre and soul of her work".
A monument was erected to her memory in Kilmallie by public subscription.

## Literary analysis

Norquay states that Mackellar was a well-traveled and prolific poet, prominent in her day, but whose over-sentimental and over-literate work did not have lasting impact. Macbain praises the force, accuracy and clearness of her use of Gaelic, and commends her fine intellect and breadth of knowledge, and sympathy for Highland history, lore and customs.
# Czech Gold Brindled Hen

The Czech Gold Brindled Hen, Czech: Česká slepice zlatě kropenatá, is an old breed of chicken originating in Bohemia. The first mention dates from 1205, when a flock of these chickens was presented to Valdemar II of Denmark as a wedding gift on his marriage to the Czech princess Dagmar of Bohemia. Nowadays it is an endangered breed.

## Description

Hens are mostly gold color only, while the rooster has gold feathers on the neck. The feathers on the back are brown to gold-red. Wings feathers are brown with green mirror. Tail is black. Breast are back with gold bringle. The beak is slate to dark brown with the yellow end. Hens are completely light brown gold brindled. On the head there is a single red comb. Legs are slate blue color. Hens produce 160 eggs per year of 55–60 g weight. Chicks hatch out light brown.
# Dong Van Karst Plateau Geopark

Dong Van Karst Plateau Geopark (Vietnamese: Cao nguyên đá Đồng Văn) is a geopark in northern Vietnam. It shares border with China in the north. It is a member of the UNESCO Global Geoparks Network and Asia Pacific Geoparks Network, officially since October 3, 2010.

## Nature

Dong Van Karst Plateau Geopark is located in Hà Giang Province, the northernmost province in Vietnam. It takes up most of the area of four of the province's districts: Mèo Vạc, Đồng Văn, Yên Minh, and Quản Bạ. The area of the geopark is 2356,8 km$^2$. The average elevation within the geopark is 1400 to 1600 meters above sea level.
About 80% of the area of the geopark is covered by limestone. There are many huge mountains here, the highest one is Mount Mieu Vac (1971 m), meanwhile, there are also many deep canyons, the deepest one is Tu San (about 800 m).
The climate of the geopark varies depending on elevation, but the majority of the park has a temperate climate with two seasons: rainy season and dry season. The annual mean temperature is 24 to 28°C, but it may drop down to 5°C in the winter.

## Geology

The geopark is located at an extension foot mount East of the Himalayas.
Geoheritages date from the Cambrian (about 550 million years ago) to the present in seven different stages and include palaeobiology, stratigraphy, geomorphology, tectonics, karst, caves and also important faults. The geology in this geopark reflects important events in Earth history, like of two mass extinction boundaries of Frasnian-Famennian (360 million years ago) and Permian-Triassic (250 million years ago). This includes 3 groups of sedimentary, igneous and metamorphic rocks, as well as stratigraphic, lithostratigraphic and biostratigraphic specificities. Its paleontological diversity shows 19 groups of valuable ancient organisms like ancient fish, ancient flora, brachiopods (eurispirifer tonkinesis), bivalves, trilobites, foraminifera, corals, conodonta, crinoidea and fossilized paths of molluscs.
The Geopark has two natural conservation areas rich in fauna and flora species such as conifers, Asian black bear, Southern serow (a solitary mountain goat) and many species of bird. Moreover, the unusual and mysterious Tonkin snub-nosed monkey is one of the 25 most endangered species of primate in the world. It is only found in Hà Giang province and was believed extinct until its rediscovery in the early 1990s.
The oldest fossil found in the park was found at Lũng Cú peak, and has been dated to 540 million years old.

## Inhabitants

17 ethnic minority groups live within the geopark, such as the Hmong, Dao, La Chí, Pu Péo, Lô Lô, Tày, and Nùng. They have a great, varied and valuable cultural heritage.

## Major Geosites

* Mã Pí Lèng Pass (Mèo Vạc district)
* Tu San Canyon (Mèo Vạc district), the deepest canyon in Vietnam. It has a depth of about 800 m, a length of 1.7 km, and cliffs that slope 70° to 90°.
* Lũng Cú Peak (Đồng Văn district)
* Fairy bosom peaks (Quản Bạ district)
# Sergei Panov (footballer, born 1989)

Sergei Vladimirovich Panov (Russian: Серге́й Владимирович Панов; born 13 July 1989) is a Russian former football goalkeeper.

## Club career

He made his debut in the Russian Second Division for FC Vityaz Podolsk on 8 July 2011 in a game against FC Gubkin.
He made his Russian Football National League debut for FC Dynamo Saint Petersburg on 6 July 2014 in a game against FC Tom Tomsk.
# Khorram Dasht Rural District

Khorram Dasht Rural District (Persian: دهستان خرم دشت) may refer to:
* Khorram Dasht Rural District (Hamadan Province)
* Khorram Dasht Rural District (Kashan County), in Isfahan province
* Khorramdasht Rural District (Kuhbanan County), in Kerman province
* Khorram Dasht Rural District (Markazi Province)
# Hadi Khani

Hadi Khani (Persian: هادي خاني) may refer to:
* Hadi Khani, Khuzestan
* Hadi Khani, Yazd
# Kahnuyeh Rural District

Kahnuyeh Rural District (Persian: دهستان کهنویه) is in Alamarvdasht District of Lamerd County, Fars province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Kahnuyeh, whose population at the time of the 2016 National Census was 1,540 in 444 households.

## History

Kahnuyeh Rural District was created in Alamarvdasht District after the 2016 census.
# Macedonian Language Day

Macedonian Language Day (Macedonian: Ден на македонскиот јазик) is a working holiday in North Macedonia, observed annually on 5 May. On that day in 1945, the government of Yugoslav Macedonia adopted the Macedonian alphabet as the official script of the republic. Two months later, on 7 June, the Ministry of Education approved the first orthography and thus codified the Macedonian language.
The date was declared Macedonian Language Day at a government session held on 16 April 2019.
# Love Letters with Intent

Love Letters with Intent (Croatian: Ljubavna pisma s predumišljajem) is a 1985 Yugoslav film directed by Zvonimir Berković.
# The Rehearsals

The Rehearsals (Russian: Репетиции, romanized: Repetitsii) is a 2013 Russian drama film directed by Oksana Karas.

## Plot

The film tells about the theater artist Alexander and the successful actor Igor, who live together, but constantly postpone later resolving issues related to family life. Alexandra got tired of it and she started a new romance.

## Cast

* Nikita Efremov as Igor Gradsky
* Aleksandra Vinogradova as Aleksandra Sukhanova
* Igor Yatsko as director Dmitri Nikolayevich
* Yana Gladkikh as Sasha
* Irina Denisova as Inga
* Pyotr Fyodorov as actor Fedya Petrov
* Aleksandr Yatsenko as neighbour
* Sakhat Dursunov as doctor Ruben Mikhaylovich
* Tatyana Orlova as nurse
* Ramilya Iskander as Ramilya
# Patricio Abinales

Patricio "Jojo" N. Abinales is a Filipino political historian and current professor at the School of Pacific and Asian Studies at the University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa.

## Early life and education

Abinales was born in Ozamiz City, Northern Mindanao, Philippines. He began his tertiary education in 1972, coinciding with President Ferdinand Marcos's declaration of martial law and the deployment of Philippine armed forces to Muslim areas of Mindanao to contain the Moro National Liberation Front (MNLF) rebellion. These events significantly influenced his intellectual and political interests, particularly in areas of despotic power, popular resistance, and local-national state dynamics under conditions of domestic conflict.

## Publications

Abinales has authored several books on Philippine politics and history:
* Presidents and Pests, Cosmopolitans and Communists (2024)
* Orthodoxy and History in the Muslim-Mindanao Narrative (Quezon City: Ateneo de Manila University Press, 2010)
* State and Society in the Philippines, with Donna J. Amoroso (Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield, 2005)
* Making Mindanao: Cotabato and Davao in the Formation of the Philippine Nation-State (Quezon City: Ateneo de Manila University Press, 2000)

## Public engagement
### EDSA Revolution analysis

Abinales has written about the 1986 EDSA Revolution, particularly focusing on its unique character as a movement that combined serious political resistance with moments of joy and humor. In his writings, he reflects on how the revolution's atmosphere of camaraderie and levity contrasts with contemporary political discourse in the Philippines.

### Political commentary

He has been a vocal commentator on Philippine politics, including critical analysis of the Duterte administration's policies, particularly regarding Chinese investments in areas such as Subic Bay.
In "Lean Alejandro's Tsinelas Revolution," Abinales reflected on his friendship with Lean Alejandro, a prominent student leader during the martial law era, highlighting the role of grassroots activism in opposing the Marcos dictatorship.
His article "Requiem for a Generation" examines the post-EDSA period and the disillusionment faced by anti-Marcos activists, while emphasizing the importance of their struggle for future generations.
# Abdoulahy Sangaré

Abdoulahy Sangaré (born 14 January 1984) is a Mauritanian international footballer who plays for French club Poissy, as a defender.

## Career

Born in Épinay-sur-Seine, France, Sangaré has played club football for Levallois, Saint-Leu, Le Blanc-Mesnil, Paris Saint-Germain B and Poissy.
He made his international debut for Mauritania in 2013.
# Bhalu Lek

Bhalu Lek is a mountain located in Karnali, Nepal. It is an ultra-prominent peak and is the 452nd highest in Asia. It has an elevation of 5,425 m (17,799 ft).
# 1987–88 Albanian Cup

1987–88 Albanian Cup (Albanian: Kupa e Shqipërisë) was the thirty-sixth season of Albania's annual cup competition. It began in August 1987 with the First Round and ended in May 1988 with the Final match. The winners of the competition qualified for the 1988-89 first round of the UEFA Cup. Vllaznia were the defending champions, having won their fifth Albanian Cup last season. The cup was won by Flamurtari.
The rounds were played in a two-legged format similar to those of European competitions. If the aggregated score was tied after both games, the team with the higher number of away goals advanced. If the number of away goals was equal in both games, the match was decided by extra time and a penalty shootout, if necessary.

## First round

Games were played on August & September 1987*
* Results unknown

## Second round

All sixteen teams of the 1986–87 Superliga and First Division entered in this round. First and second legs were played in January 1988.
| Team 1 | Agg.Tooltip Aggregate score | Team 2 | 1st leg | 2nd leg |
| Studenti | 3–4 | Besa | 1–1 | 2–3 |
| Tomori | 1–3 | Apolonia | 1–1 | 0–2 |
| Skënderbeu | 1–7 | Flamurtari | 0–3 | 1–4 |
| Besëlidhja | 4–3 | Lokomotiva Durrës | 4–2 | 0–1 |
| Luftëtari | 4–1 | Labinoti | 4–1 | 0–0 |
| 31 Korriku | 2–1 | 17 Nëntori | 2–0 | 0–1 |
| Dinamo Tirana | 2–3 | Vllaznia | 2–1 | 0–2 |
| Bistrica | 1–5 | Partizani | 0–1 | 1–4 |

## Quarter-finals

In this round entered the 8 winners from the previous round.
| Team 1 | Agg.Tooltip Aggregate score | Team 2 | 1st leg | 2nd leg |
| 31 Korriku | 3–5 | Partizani | 2–1 | 1–4 |
| Besëlidhja | 3–3 (2–4 p) | Apolonia | 2–1 | 1–2 |
| Besa | 1–1 | Flamurtari | 1–1 | 0–0 |
| Luftëtari | 2–5 | Vllaznia | 2–1 | 0–4 |

## Semi-finals

In this round entered the four winners from the previous round.
| Team 1 | Agg.Tooltip Aggregate score | Team 2 | 1st leg | 2nd leg |
| Apolonia | 1–3 | Partizani | 1–1 | 0–2 |
| Flamurtari | 5–3 | Vllaznia | 0–1 | 5–2 |