OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# William Bittner

William Robert Bittner (1922 – 1977) was an American academic who specialized in American literature.
After studying at the State Teachers College in Lock Haven and the University of Pennsylvania, he taught at a variety of universities across the United States and Europe. He published hundreds of magazine articles and several works on literary figures like Waldo Frank and Edgar Allan Poe.

## Early life and education

William Robert Bittner was born in 1922, the son of John E. Bittner, Sr. and Alice G. Kane Bittner and brother of John E. Bittner, Jr. He was raised in Lock Haven, Pennsylvania, graduating from its high school in 1938.
In 1942, he was a student at the State Teachers College in Lock Haven. That year, he published a poem titled "Corporal Cloud, Before Battle" in the college's literary journal The Crucible and won an annual student poetry competition hosted by The Atlantic Monthly. He was editor of the College Times newspaper and a members of the College Players, performing in plays including Watch on the Rhine. He also wrote his own plays to be performed. Bittner graduated from the school in 1943. After graduating, he served in the military during World War II.
In 1949, he studied at the University of Pennsylvania's graduate school and taught in the university's Wharton School. He received a PhD from the University of Pennsylvania in June 1955.

## Academic career

Prior to September 1955, Bittner was a teacher at The New School for Social Research in New York City. He also previously taught at Rutgers University and the University of Delaware.
In September 1955, Bittner joined the faculty of Paterson State Teachers College as an instructor in English.
In 1958, Bittner was working as an assistant professor of English at Fairleigh Dickinson University in New Jersey. He also taught at the Free University of Berlin and was a Fulbright Professor in France, speaking French and German fluently. In 1964, he began serving as chair of the English department at Wesleyan College.

## Writing career

In 1958, Bittner published a work on the writer Waldo Frank, titled The Novels of Waldo Frank. In preparation for the book, he communicated with Frank and studied his manuscript collection held by the University of Pennsylvania.
By June 1958, Bittner had received a research grant to begin writing a biography on Edgar Allan Poe. It was stated that the work "may present Poe in a more sympathetic light". His biography of Poe was published in 1962 under the title Poe: A Biography. The book was criticised by Thomas Ollive Mabbott who wrote that it was "an extraordinarily careless book" and that there was "little new save pure fiction" contained within it. Leon Howard of the University of California, Los Angeles praised Bittner's skills in writing a "readable and sane biography" but was critical of his lack of literary awareness.
By June 1964, Bittner had published hundreds of articles in magazines including Saturday Review, The Nation, The New Republic and The Georgia Review.

## Personal life

Prior to July 1958, Bittner married fellow State Teachers College graduate Alice June Holmer.
Bittner died in 1977.
# Buzançais

Buzançais (French pronunciation: ) is a commune and town in the French department of Indre, administrative region of Centre-Val de Loire.
It is situated 22 km (14 mi) northwest of Châteauroux, the nearest large city, and is near the Brenne regional nature preserve located in the historical province of Berry. The Indre river flows through the commune.

## Toponymy

Buzancei in Berrichon dialect (langue d'oïl) and Latin: Busentiacum or Busenciacum.

## Population

The inhabitants are known as Buzancéens and Buzancéennes.
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| 1793 | 3,199 | — |
| 1800 | 3,199 | +0.00% |
| 1806 | 3,578 | +1.88% |
| 1821 | 4,218 | +1.10% |
| 1831 | 4,416 | +0.46% |
| 1836 | 4,587 | +0.76% |
| 1841 | 4,430 | −0.69% |
| 1846 | 4,857 | +1.86% |
| 1851 | 4,979 | +0.50% |
| 1856 | 5,050 | +0.28% |
| 1861 | 5,016 | −0.14% |
| 1866 | 5,145 | +0.51% |
| 1872 | 4,986 | −0.52% |
| 1876 | 5,109 | +0.61% |
| 1881 | 5,189 | +0.31% |
| 1886 | 5,149 | −0.15% |
| 1891 | 5,027 | −0.48% |
| 1896 | 4,916 | −0.45% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| 1901 | 4,871 | −0.18% |
| 1906 | 4,843 | −0.12% |
| 1911 | 4,638 | −0.86% |
| 1921 | 4,243 | −0.89% |
| 1926 | 4,349 | +0.49% |
| 1931 | 4,137 | −0.99% |
| 1936 | 4,134 | −0.01% |
| 1946 | 4,511 | +0.88% |
| 1954 | 4,585 | +0.20% |
| 1962 | 4,783 | +0.53% |
| 1968 | 5,140 | +1.21% |
| 1975 | 5,214 | +0.20% |
| 1982 | 4,972 | −0.68% |
| 1990 | 4,749 | −0.57% |
| 1999 | 4,581 | −0.40% |
| 2007 | 4,530 | −0.14% |
| 2012 | 4,481 | −0.22% |
| 2017 | 4,505 | +0.11% |
Source: EHESS and INSEE (1968-2017) :

### Notable people

* Pascal Maitre, contemporary photographer.
* Albert Laprade, architect.
* Michel Denisot, journalist, producer and TV host.
# Kryukovo, Vologodsky District, Vologda Oblast

Kryukovo (Russian: Крюково) is a rural locality (a village) in Novlenskoye Rural Settlement, Vologodsky District, Vologda Oblast, Russia. The population was 3 as of 2002.

## Geography

Kryukovo is located 34 km northwest of Vologda (the district's administrative centre) by road. Beketovo is the nearest rural locality.
# Kalazeyva Mausoleum

Kalazeyva Mausoleum (Azerbaijani: Kələzeyvə türbəsi) is a historical and architectural monument located in Kalazeyva village of Ismayilli District. Due to the location of an ancient cemetery and shrine in the village of Kalazeyva, the inhabitants of the surrounding areas also used here for burial.

## About

It is clear from the inscription on the wall on the left side of the entrance of the mausoleum that the monument was built in the first half of the 19th century on the graves of the family members of Mostafa Khan of Shirvan.
The main feature of the architecture of the tomb, which is about 6 meters high, is the high quality of construction work. The plan repeats the architecture of the tombs included in the Seven-Dome Tomb Complex in the solution of the internal volume of the octagonal tomb. Here, the transition from the octagonal base to the inner dome was made by means of small squinches similar to the ornamental squinches of the second tier.
The arches of both the inner niches and the entrance are arrow-shaped. Other details of the tomb, the profiles of the ledge and tsokol, the frames of the arches and other details reflect the new shapes created as a result of relations with Russia.
# Shah Reza Mahalleh

Shah Reza Mahalleh (Persian: شاهرضامحله, also Romanized as Shāh Reẕā Maḩalleh; also known as Shāh Rez̧ā and Shāh Reẕā) is a village in Siyahrud Rural District, in the Central District of Juybar County, Mazandaran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 142, in 42 families.
# Marxist–Leninist Groups

Marxist–Leninist Groups (Finnish: Marxilais-Leniniläiset Ryhmät, MLR) was a Maoist organization in Finland. The MLR was active from 1973 until 1979. It had supporters in a few cities but it always remained a small current with fewer than 200 members. MLR had close contacts with the Chinese Communist Party and other Nordic Maoist parties.
MLR was founded early in 1973 to unite local Maoist groups in Finland. The Marxist-Leninist Society of Helsinki (HMLS), the first such group, had been active since the late 1960s. HMLS (like the whole MLR) was mainly active in the radical youth and student movement. The activities of the Maoists were closely followed by the Suojelupoliisi, the KGB and the Communist Party of Finland (SKP), which fiercely condemned the anti-Soviet movement. MLR was founded after the SKP began expulsing Maoist cadres from its ranks.
The organization published two papers, theoretical Punakaarti ("Red Guard", 1969–1977) and agitational Lokakuu ("October", 1972–1978). MLR had book shops named Lokakuu in Helsinki, Turku and Rauma. In the series Marxismin klassikoita ("Classics of Marxism") MLR published works by Joseph Stalin, Mao Zedong, Enver Hoxha and Karl Marx.
Many of the members who disbanded the MLR in 1979, including its leader Matti Puolakka [fi] went to form Alternative Movement Itu [fi] (Finnish: Vaihtoehtoliike Itu), which soon began moving away from Marxism-Leninism.
# Abdulali bey Amirjanov

Abdulali bey Amirjanov Shirali bey oghlu (Azerbaijani: Əbdüləli bəy Əmircanov Şirəli bəy oğlu; 1870–1948) was an Azerbaijani statesman who served as Minister of Finance, State Controller of Azerbaijan Democratic Republic, and was a member of Azerbaijani National Council and later Parliament of Azerbaijan.

## Early years

Amirjanov was born in Shaki, Russian Empire. He graduated from Alexander Pedagogical University in Tbilisi in 1888. He then worked as a teacher in Shaki and Lenkoran. Amirjanov was a member of Education Board of Nəşri-Maarif Education Society and chaired the Baku Muslim Charity Society Organization.

## Political career

After establishment of the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic on May 28, 1918, Amirjanov was involved in political life of the country. On June 17, 1918, when the second cabinet of Azerbaijan Democratic Republic convened, Amirjanov was appointed Minister of Finance and served in the position until October 6, when the cabinet went through reshuffling and he was appointed State Controller. He held the office until December 7, 1918. Elected to the Azerbaijani parliament as an independent deputy, Amirjanov was a member of the finance-budgetary and census commissions. In order to enhance trade relations with other countries, he co-founded Dəyanət company. During Turkish Army of Islam's march on Baku in September 1918, Amirjanov along with Behbudkhan Javanshir were in the frontlines when Ələt was taken.
After takeover of Azerbaijan by Bolsheviks on April 28, 1920, Amirjanov immigrated to Turkey. He died in Istanbul in 1948.
# Geo Milev

Geo Milev (born Georgi Milev Kasabov; 15 January [O.S. 27 January] 1895 – 15 May 1925) was a Bulgarian poet, translator, and journalist. He is perhaps best known for his epic poem Septemvri, written during the Bulgarian September Uprising.

## Life

Geo Milev was born Georgi Milev Kasabov in Radne mahale, today Radnevo, the first son in the family of school teachers Milyo and Anastasia Kasabovi. In 1897 the family moved to Stara Zagora, where his father started a publishing business in 1907. Geo Milev attended the town's high school from 1907 to 1911 before he went on to study at the Faculty of Philology of Sofia University. From 1912 Geo Milev continued his education at the Faculty of Philosophy of Leipzig University, where he was introduced to German Expressionism. On 30 July 1914, two days after the outbreak of the First World War, he traveled from Leipzig to London, where he spent several months sightseeing and improving his English and met the Belgian Symbolist poet Émile Verhaeren. On returning to Germany, Geo Milev was detained in Hamburg on 18 October 1914 on suspicion of being an English spy. He was released after eleven days and returned to Leipzig, where he worked on his university thesis on Richard Dehmel. On 8 August 1915 he returned to Bulgaria without having obtained a degree. Beginning in 1916 he fought in World War I, where he was severely injured. After recuperating in Berlin he began to collaborate with the magazine Aktion. Upon his return to Bulgaria he started to publish the Bulgarian modernist magazine Везни (Scales), in Sofia. He contributed to the publication as a translator, theatre reviewer, director and editor of anthologies.

## Death

On May 15, 1925, in the course of government reprisals following the St Nedelya Church assault, Geo Milev, a member of the Bulgarian Communist party, was taken to a police station for a "short interrogation" from which he never returned. His fate remained unknown for 30 years. In 1954 during the trial of General Ivan Valkov and a group of former police and military executioners, one of the defendants confessed how victims of the 1925 purge had been executed and where they were buried. Geo Milev had been strangled with wire and then buried in a mass grave in Ilientsi, near Sofia. His skull was found in the mass grave. His body was identified by the glass eye he was wearing after he lost his right eye in World War I.

## Family

His daughter was the writer and diplomat Leda Mileva.

## Works

He published his most famous poem September in his magazine Пламък (Flame) in 1924. It describes the brutal suppression of the Bulgarian uprising of September 1923 against the military coup d'état of June 1923.

### Selected bibliography

* Milev, Geo, September, Brussel, 1984
    In Bulgarian
* Жестокият пръстен (1920), The Cruel Ring
* Експресионистично календарче за 1921 (1921), A Little Expressionist Calendar for the Year 1921
* Панахида за поета П. К. Яворов (1922), The Commemoration Ceremony for the Poet P. K. Javorov
* Иконите спят, (1922), The Icons Sleep

## Honour

Milev Rocks in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica are named after Geo Milev.
# Gravestone of Gasim bey Zakir

Gravestone of Gasim bey Zakir (Azerbaijani: Qasım bəy Zakirin qəbirüstü abidəsi) is the monument erected in 1984 on the grave of Gasim bey Zakir at the Mirza Hasan cemetery in Shusha. The monument was a victim of vandalism during the capture of Shusha city.

## History

In connection with the 200th anniversary of the birth of the poet Gasim bey Zakir, according to the special decision of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Azerbaijan, in 1984, a monument was erected on his grave at the Mirza Hasan cemetery in Shusha. Previously, there was a tomb on the poet's grave.
The author of the monument on the grave of Gasim bey Zakir was Namig Dadashov, Honored artist, sculptor, member of the Union of Artists of Azerbaijan.
The gravestone of Gasim bey Zakir is on a small hill — in the area belonging to the Javanshir clan. The graves of famous people who lived in the 19th century, buried around the grave of Gasim bey Zakir, were also restored, flowers and trees were planted on the small hill, and lawns were laid.
The monument was destroyed during the capture of Shusha city. The monument has been registered by the Ministry of Culture and Tourism of the Republic of Azerbaijan as a historical and cultural monument of national importance.
# Shah-Kaykhusraw

Shah-Kaykhusraw (Persian: شاه کیخسرو) was the ruler of the Bavand dynasty from 1310 to 1328. He was the brother and successor of Shahriyar V.

## Reign

Shahriyar V died in 1310, leaving his kingdom to a weakened condition, which quickly fell into war of succession between Shah-Kaykhusraw, and his brother Shams al-Muluk Muhammad. Shah-Kaykhusraw, with the support of the Ilkhanid Kutlushah, invaded Mazandaran and forced Shams al-Muluk to flee. However, he later returned to Mazandaran, but was killed by Shah-Kaykhusraw, who then crowned himself as the ispahbadh of the Bavand kingdom.
Shah-Kaykhusraw later became involved in a conflict with Kutlushah, and was forced to leave Amol with his family and to take refugee in the domains of his brother-in-law, the Baduspanid king, Nasir al-Din Shahriyar, who later tried to help Shah-Kaykhusraw defeat Kutlushah, and seems to have had some successes in his effort, but was defeated. Shah-Kaykhusraw remained a refugee until Talish Chubani became the governor of Khorasan, in 1317, when Shah-Kaykhusraw restored Bavand authority in Mazandaran. Shah-Kaykhusraw died in 1328, and was succeeded by his son, Sharaf al-Muluk.

## Sources

* Madelung, W. (1984). "ĀL-E BĀVAND (BAVANDIDS)". Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. I, Fasc. 7. London u.a.: Routledge & Kegan Paul. pp. 747–753. ISBN 90-04-08114-3.
Regnal titles :
| Preceded byShahriyar V | Bavandid ruler 1310–1328 | Succeeded bySharaf al-Muluk |
# Kozino, Vologda Oblast

Kozino (Russian: Козино) is a rural locality (a village) in Sosnovskoye Rural Settlement, Vologodsky District, Vologda Oblast, Russia. The population was 13 as of 2002.

## Geography

Kozino is located 8 km southeast of Vologda (the district's administrative centre) by road. Yarilovo is the nearest rural locality.
# 1998 Coupe de la Ligue final

The 1998 Coupe de la Ligue final was a football match held at Stade de France, Saint-Denis on 4 April 1998, that saw Paris Saint-Germain defeat FC Girondins de Bordeaux in a penalty shootout

## Route to the final

Note: In all results below, the score of the finalist is given first (H: home; A: away).
| Paris Saint-Germain | Paris Saint-Germain | Round | Bordeaux | Bordeaux |
| Opponent | Result | 1997–98 Coupe de la Ligue | Opponent | Result |
| Lyon (H) | 1–0 | Second round | Mulhouse (A) | 3–0 |
| Montpellier (H) | 2–0 | Round of 16 | Le Mans (H) | 5–1 |
| Metz (H) | 1–0 | Quarter-finals | Stade Poitevin (H) | 4–3 (a.e.t.) |
| Lens (H) | 2–1 | Semi-finals | Auxerre (H) | 1–1 (a.e.t.) (4–2 p) |

## Match details

PARIS SAINT-GERMAIN FC: :
| GK | 16 | Vincent Fernandez |
| DF | 17 | Jimmy Algerino |
| DF | 5 | Alain Roche | 77' |
| DF | 6 | Paul Le Guen |
| DF | 15 | Éric Rabésandratana |
| MF | 3 | Didier Domi | 110' |
| MF | 23 | Pierre Ducrocq |
| MF | 10 | Raí (c) |
| MF | 20 | Franck Gava |
| FW | 9 | Marco Simone |
| FW | 18 | Florian Maurice | 74' |
| Substitutes: |||
| FW | 11 | Patrice Loko | 74' |
| MF | 13 | Laurent Fournier | 77' |
| MF | 24 | Édouard Cissé | 110' |
| Manager: |||
| Ricardo Gomes Assistant Referees: Fourth Official: ||||
FC GIRONDINS DE BORDEAUX: :
| GK | 16 | Ulrich Ramé |
| DF | 19 | Patrick Blondeau | 80' |
| DF | 4 | Niša Saveljić |
| DF | 3 | Paulo Sérgio Gralak |
| DF | 2 | David Jemmali |
| MF | 14 | François Grenet | 29' |
| MF | 7 | Michel Pavon (c) |
| MF | 26 | Peter Luccin |
| MF | 8 | Johan Micoud |
| FW | 9 | Lilian Laslandes |
| FW | 11 | Sylvain Wiltord |
| Substitutes: |||
| FW | 27 | Jean-Pierre Papin | 29' |
| DF | 17 | Kodjo Afanou | 80' |
| Manager: |||
| Élie Baup ||||
# Radvanje District

The Radvanje District (pronounced; Slovene: Mestna četrt Radvanje) is a city district of the City Municipality of Maribor in northeastern Slovenia. The district has a population of about 8,000.

## Name

The name Radvanje was attested in historical sources as Radewan in 1096–1105, Radvan in 1220–1230, and Radoan in 1282, among other spellings. It is an elliptical derivation from *Ra̋dovan′e (selȍ) 'Radovanъ's (village)', referring to an early inhabitant of the place.
# Ples, Bistrica ob Sotli

Ples (pronounced, sometimes Ples ob Sotli) is a settlement in the hills above the right bank of the Sotla River in the Municipality of Bistrica ob Sotli in eastern Slovenia. The area is part of the traditional region of Styria. It is now included in the Lower Sava Statistical Region; until January 2014 it was part of the Savinja Statistical Region.

## Geography

Ples is a scattered village at the foot and on the slopes of Mount Vina (Slovene: Vina gora, elevation 327 meters or 1,073 feet) between the Sotla River and the road from Bistrica ob Sotli to Podčetrtek. The soil is loamy. Tilled fields are found at the base of Mount Vina, and vineyards are planted on its slopes.

## Mass graves

Ples is the site of two known mass graves associated with the Second World War. The Mount Vina 1 and 2 mass graves (Slovene: Grobišče pod hribom Vina gora 1, 2) are located on the southern slope of Mount Vina and contain the remains of about 25 victims. Their nationality and whether they were soldiers or civilians is not known. The first grave is located in a woods and the second grave is in a meadow on somewhat leveled terrain below Holy Cross Church.

## Church

The local church is built on a hill known as Mount Vina (Slovene: Vina gora) and is dedicated to the Holy Cross and belongs to the Parish of Sveti Peter pod Svetimi Gorami. It was built in 1607 and the belfry was added in the last quarter of the 19th century.
# Adriene K. Veninger

Adriene K. Veninger (born 1958) is a Canadian artist. Veninger was born in Bratislava, Czechoslovakia. Veninger is known particularly for her photographic works.
Her work is included in the collections of the National Gallery of Canada and the Museum of Fine Arts Houston.
# Kovylevo

Kovylevo (Russian: Ковылево) is a rural locality (a village) in Mayskoye Rural Settlement, Vologodsky District, Vologda Oblast, Russia. The population was 6 as of 2002.

## Geography

Kovylevo is located 24 km northwest of Vologda (the district's administrative centre) by road. Pailovo is the nearest rural locality. mesha creek
# 1996 UEFA Cup Winners' Cup final

The 1996 UEFA Cup Winners' Cup final was a football match contested between Paris Saint-Germain of France and Rapid Wien of Austria. It was the final match of the 1995–96 UEFA Cup Winners' Cup and the 36th Cup Winners' Cup final. The final was held at King Baudouin Stadium in Brussels on 8 May 1996, hosting its first European club final since the scenes of the Heysel Stadium disaster eleven years prior. Paris Saint-Germain won the match 1–0, thanks to a free kick from Bruno Ngotty.
Excluding their victory in the 2001 Intertoto Cup, this remains the last occasion in club history where PSG has won a major European competition.

## Route to the final

| Paris Saint-Germain | Paris Saint-Germain | Paris Saint-Germain | Paris Saint-Germain | Round | Rapid Wien | Rapid Wien | Rapid Wien | Rapid Wien |
| Opponent | Agg. | 1st leg | 2nd leg | Stages | Opponent | Agg. | 1st leg | 2nd leg |
| Molde | 6–2 | 3–2 (A) | 3–0 (H) | First round | Petrolul Ploiești | 3–1 | 3–1 (H) | 0–0 (A) |
| Celtic | 4–0 | 1–0 (H) | 3–0 (A) | Second round | Sporting CP | 4–2 | 0–2 (A) | 4–0 (aet) (H) |
| Parma | 3–2 | 0–1 (A) | 3–1 (H) | Quarter-finals | Dynamo Moscow | 4–0 | 1–0 (A) | 3–0 (H) |
| Deportivo La Coruña | 2–0 | 1–0 (A) | 1–0 (H) | Semi-finals | Feyenoord | 4–1 | 1–1 (A) | 3–0 (H) |

## Match
### Details

| Paris Saint-Germain | Rapid Wien |
| GK | 1 | Bernard Lama (c) |
| RB | 2 | Patrick Colleter |
| CB | 4 | Bruno Ngotty |
| CB | 3 | Paul Le Guen |
| LB | 5 | Alain Roche |
| DM | 9 | Laurent Fournier | 56' | 77' |
| RM | 7 | Daniel Bravo |
| LM | 8 | Vincent Guérin |
| AM | 10 | Raí | | 12' |
| CF | 6 | Youri Djorkaeff |
| CF | 11 | Patrice Loko |
| Substitutes: ||
| FW | 12 | Pascal Nouma |
| DF | 13 | Oumar Dieng |
| DF | 14 | Francis Llacer | | 77' |
| FW | 15 | Julio Dely Valdés | | 12' |
| GK | 16 | Richard Dutruel |
| Manager: ||
| Luis Fernández ||
| GK | 1 | Michael Konsel (c) |
| RB | 2 | Michael Hatz | 54' |
| CB | 4 | Trifon Ivanov |
| CB | 5 | Peter Schöttel | 37' |
| LB | 3 | Peter Guggi |
| DM | 11 | Andreas Heraf | 67' |
| RM | 10 | Dietmar Kühbauer |
| LM | 6 | Peter Stöger | 84' |
| AM | 8 | Stephan Marasek |
| CF | 7 | Christian Stumpf | | 46' |
| CF | 9 | Carsten Jancker | 34' |
| Substitutes: ||
| MF | 12 | Oliver Lederer |
| DF | 13 | René Haller |
| MF | 14 | Zoran Barisic | | 46' |
| MF | 15 | Sergei Mandreko |
| GK | 16 | Raimund Hedl |
| Manager: ||
| Ernst Dokupil ||
| Assistant referees: Donato Nicoletti (Italy) Tullio Manfredini (Italy) Fourth official: Marcello Nicchi (Italy) | Match rules 90 minutes. 30 minutes of golden goal extra time if necessary. Penalty shoot-out if scores still level. Five named substitutes. Maximum of three substitutions. |