OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# National Route 9 (Vietnam)

National Route 9 (Vietnamese: Quốc lộ 9 (or abbrv. QL9) or Đường 9) runs across Vietnam roughly in line with the 17th Parallel. The route includes two segments. The segment called National Route 9A begins at Đông Hà and ends at Lao Bảo on the Vietnam-Laos border and is entirely within Quảng Trị Province. The 8 km-long segment called National Route 9B begins at Dong Ha and runs eastward to Cửa Việt Port.

## Road layout

Route 9 runs through the following towns and cities of Quảng Trị Province:
* Đông Hà, where it connects with Route 1
* Cam Lộ
* Ca Lu
* Tân Hợp, where it connects to the Ho Chi Minh Highway
* Khe Sanh
* Lang Vei
* Lao Bảo where it connects to Route 9E in Laos which runs through Xépôn and Seno to Savannakhet

## Specifications

* Total length: 82 km
* Road width: 10 m
* Road surface: paved with asphalt

## History

Route Coloniale 9 or RC9 was constructed by the French in the early 20th century. The road was built to connect the towns along the Mekong River in present-day Laos over the Annamite Range to the Vietnamese coast.
With the partition of Vietnam following the First Indochina War, Route 9 was the northernmost West-East road in South Vietnam and ran roughly parallel to the Vietnamese Demilitarized Zone.
In the early 1960s as the Vietnam War began to increase in intensity, the Army of the Republic of Vietnam (ARVN) and US Special Forces began to build a chain of bases south of the DMZ to interdict the flow of men and materiel from North Vietnam. These bases included:
* Dong Ha
* Con Thien
* Camp Carroll
* The Rockpile
* Vandegrift Combat Base
* Ca Lu
* Khe Sanh
* Lang Vei
Route 9 became a vital supply artery to these bases and the North Vietnamese Army (NVA) were frequently able to cut or ambush Route 9 during the "Border Battles" period from 1967 to 1969. Route 9 was the access road used in Operation Pegasus and Operation Lam Son 719.
In recent years with the implementation of Vietnam's Doi Moi reforms there has been an increase in cross-border trade with Laos and Route 9 has been progressively upgraded. With the completion of the Ho Chi Minh Highway, Route 9 has become an important link between the Ho Chi Minh Highway and Route 1. As route AH16 in Asian Highway Network, the road continues westwards through Laos and across the Mekong into Thailand.
# Essich

Essich (/ˈɛsɪx/, Scottish Gaelic: Easaich) is a region of Scotland located between Inverness and Loch Ness. It is located 2.7 kilometres from the centre of Inverness and is serviced by Holm Primary School.
# Talur, Golestan

Talur (Persian: تلور, also Romanized as Talūr, Tālūr, and Tolūr; also known as Talūz and Tel Nār) is a village in Livan Rural District, Now Kandeh District, Bandar-e Gaz County, Golestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 1,173, in 324 families.
# Morihiko Nakahara

Morihiko Nakahara (Nakahara Morihiko, born November 28, 1975) is a Japanese conductor.
Born in Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan, Nakahara is the music director and conductor at the South Carolina Philharmonic, and resident conductor of the Spokane Symphony. Nakahara received a Master of Music degree in instrumental conducting from the University of Cincinnati College-Conservatory of Music, where he studied with Rodney Winther. In 1998 he received a Bachelor of Music degree in music education from Andrews University. He has done additional conducting studies with Larry Rachleff, Mark Gibson, Jerry Junkin, and Alan Mitchell.
Nakahara was featured in the American Symphony Orchestra League's National Conductor Preview in March 2005. An advocate of new music, Nakahara has collaborated with notable contemporary composers as Steve Reich, Michael Torke, Augusta Read Thomas, Azio Corghi, Menachem Zur, and Yasuhide Ito.
Nakahara regularly appears on the Masterworks, Pops, and Sunset Symphony series and was appointed as artistic director of educational and outreach concerts with the Spokane Symphony Orchestra. In addition, he has been a clinician, guest conductor, and speaker at various educational institutions throughout the Inland Northwest.
Nakahara was formerly music director and conductor of the Holland Symphony Orchestra in Holland, Michigan. The 2006–2007 season marked his last season with the Holland Symphony Orchestra.
In the 2006–07 season, Nakahara held the Bruno Walter Associate Conductor Chair. Nakahara is one of two chosen for this award.
In April 2008, Nakahara was named the music director of the South Carolina Philharmonic, based in Columbia. His appointment took effect with the 2008–2009 season.
In 2017, Nakahara was named assistant professor and director of Orchestral Studies at the University of Massachusetts Amherst Department of Music, where he leads the UMass Symphony Orchestra.
# Khalileh Sara, Astara

Khalileh Sara (Persian: خليله سرا, also Romanized as Khalīleh Sarā) is a village in Chelevand Rural District, Lavandevil District, Astara County, Gilan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 287, in 64 families.

## Language

Linguistic composition of the village.
Khalileh Sara linguistic composition
language
percent
Azerbaijani
60%
Talysh
40% :
# William White (composer)

William White (1571 – c. 1634?) was a composer of classical music of the Tudor period, who worked in England.
According to Ernst Hermann Meyer, "White is chiefly known from three fantasias a 5, and seven a 6; chiefly in Oxford, Christ Church MS. 2. Little is known of his career." His consort music appears in Reverend Thomas Myriell's score compilations, though not in the more famous Tregian's.
In certain fantasias of White (singled out by Meyer), as with some by Thomas Lupo the elder and Alfonso Ferrabosco the younger, soloistic elements - the juxtaposition of sections where the parts are treated equally, with sections where one instrument has a part of more virtuosic or melodic interest than the others - anticipate the concerto grosso to come.
# Walapatala

Walapatala (Penumbra) (Sinhala: වලාපටල) is a 2008 Sri Lankan Sinhala drama film directed by Vijitha Gunaratne and co-produced by Kasheyapa Gunarathna and Nelum Gunarathna. It stars Jayalath Manoratne and Jayani Senanayake in lead roles along with Saumya Liyanage and Gamini Haththotuwegama. Music composed by Tharupathi Munasinghe. It is the 1107th Sri Lankan film in the Sinhala cinema.

## Cast

* Jayani Senanayake as Sumana
* Gamini Haththotuwegama as Dr. Manoharan
* Jayalath Manoratne as Council member Victor Jayasundara
* Saumya Liyanage as Dr. Delgoda
* Lal Kularatne as Sergeant Banda
* Palitha Silva as Chartin
* Duleeka Marapana as Sheela
* Deepani Silva as Nurse
* Kumara Thirimadura - uncredited role
* Somasiri Alakolange
* Athula Liyanage as Amarapala
* Anton Jude as Piyasena
* Nalin Pradeep Udawela
* Dharmapriya Dias
* Swarna Mallawarachchi - guest appearance

## Awards

* 2008 Sarasaviya Award for the Best Director - Vjitha Gunaratne
* 2008 Sarasaviya Award for the Best Supporting Actor - Saumya Liyanage
* 2008 Sarasaviya Award for the Best Art Direction - Lal Harindranath
# Aleksandr Krupoder

Aleksandr Gennadyevich Krupoder (Russian: Александр Геннадьевич Круподер; born 20 January 1992) is a Russian former professional football player.

## Club career

He made his Russian Football National League debut for FC Petrotrest Saint Petersburg on 17 July 2012 in a game against FC Tom Tomsk.
# Panevėžys County

Panevėžys County (Lithuanian: Panevėžio apskritis) is one of ten counties in Lithuania. It is in the north-east of the country, and its capital is Panevėžys. On 1 July 2010, the county administration was abolished, and since that date, Panevėžys County remains as the territorial and statistical unit.

## History

Historical documents from the 16th century mention Panevėžys as an administrative region.

## Municipalities

Panevėžys County comprises the following municipalities:
* Biržai district municipality
* Kupiškis district municipality
* Panevėžys city municipality
* Panevėžys district municipality
* Pasvalys district municipality
* Rokiškis district municipality

## Geography

Panevėžys county is the fourth largest county in Lithuania:
* 202 km$^2$ cities and towns;
* 145 km$^2$ factories and roads;
* 4822 km$^2$ farmland;
* 2109 km$^2$ forests;
* 200 km$^2$ lakes and streams;
* 406 km$^2$ other.
Panevėžys County borders with Latvia, and also with Lithuanian counties of Utena, Vilnius, Kaunas and Šiauliai.

## Tourism

The region offers 9 hotels and 7 country inns for tourists and travellers. There are 8 tourist agencies and 3 tourist information centers catering to the public.
# Svetozar Botorić

Svetozar Botorić (Serbian Cyrillic: Светозар Боторић; 1857–1916) was a Serbian entrepreneur and film producer. He was the owner of Serbia's first movie theatre, the Paris Cinema, located inside the eponymous Hotel Paris, at Belgrade's Terazije Square, which opened in December 1908. Unlike many of his contemporaries, Botorić was convinced that film could be turned into a profitable endeavour. In 1909, he signed a contract with the French cinematographic firm Pathé, becoming their representative in Serbia and Bulgaria. In this capacity, he held exclusive Balkan premieres of Pathé's films in his hotel. Botorić also regularly produced newsreels about local events on Pathé's behalf, with the firm providing filming equipment and a cameraman (Louis de Beéry), and Botorić giving them a share of his admission profits. In 1911, Botorić teamed up with the prominent stage actor Ilija Stanojević to establish the Union for the Production of Serbian Films (Serbian: Udruženje za snimanje srpskih filmova).
In 1911, Botorić produced The Life and Deeds of the Immortal Leader Karađorđe, often referred to simply as Karađorđe, Serbia's first feature film. The film was successful domestically, but failed to find a distributor abroad. The same fate befell Botorić's other productions. After several further unsuccessful attempts at getting international distribution for his films, Botorić left the film industry altogether. Commercial film production came to a virtual halt following the outbreak of World War I. During the Austro-Hungarian, German and Bulgarian invasion of Serbia in late 1915, Botorić was taken prisoner, and died in an Austro-Hungarian internment camp the following year. Karađorđe was considered lost for much of the 20th century, but was rediscovered in Vienna in July 2003.
# Félicie (given name)

Félicie is a feminine given name of French origin.

## People with the given name

* Félicie Affolter (1926–2024), Swiss psychologist
* Félicie Albert, French-born American physicist
* Félicie d'Ayzac (1801–1881), French poet and art historian
* Félicie de Fauveau (1801–1886), French sculptor
* Félicie Gérard (born 1974), French politician
* Felicie Howell, American painter
* Felicie Hüni-Mihacsek (1891–1976), Hungarian operatic soprano
* Félicie Schneider (1831–1888), French painter

## Places

* Félicie Point
# Abhasvaras

Abhasvaras (Sanskrit: आभास्वर, romanized: Ābhāsvara) is a term used in Buddhism to refer to a heaven and in Hinduism to refer to a class of deities.

## Buddhism

In Buddhism, Abhasvaras is the name of a heaven. The words roots are Sanskrit (from "a" near to, towards + the verbal root "bhas" to shine upon, illuminate).

## Hinduism

In Hinduism, abhasvaras refers to a class of deities featured in the Puranas. They are 64 in number, and described to be personifications of mental qualities, serving as the sovereigns of all varieties of spiritual and physical enlightenment. The twelve primary abhasvaras are:
* Ātmā
* Jñātā
* Dama
* Dānta
* Śānti
* Jñāna
* Sama
* Tapas
* Kāma
* Krodha
* Mada
* Moha
The abhasvaras are referred to as one of the nine gana deities: adityas, visvedevas, vasus, tushitas, abhasvaras, anilas, maharajikas, sadhyas, and the rudras. They are stated to be the attendants of deities such as Shiva, Ganesha, and Vayu, dwelling on Gaṇaparvata, located on Kailasha.
# St. Peter's Parish Church (Ljubljana)

St. Peter's Parish Church (Slovene: Župnijska cerkev sv. Petra, Šempetrska cerkev or Šentpetrska cerkev) is a Roman Catholic church in Ljubljana, the capital of Slovenia. It is one of the oldest churches in Ljubljana and is the seat of Ljubljana–St. Peter parish. It is located in the Center District, at the corner of Trubar Street (Trubarjeva cesta), Njegoš Street (Njegoševa cesta) and Zalog Street (Zaloška cesta), near Croatian Square (Hrvatski trg). The University Medical Centre Ljubljana is situated in the immediate vicinity.

## History

The original church at the site was presumably built near the city walls already at the turn of the 9th century on the order of Paulinus II, the Patriarch of Aquilea. It was the seat of the Primitive Parish of Ljubljana. The church was encircled by a cemetery that was the main town cemetery until 1779, when it was abandoned.
The current building was erected in a Baroque style between 1730 and 1733 upon the plans of the architect Carlo Martinuzzi, who based them upon the Church of San Giorgio Maggiore in Venice. The model of the church was made by Giovanni Fusconi, who also gave some technical advice. The church was built by the master builder Gregor Maček Jr. Interior division of the church has been preserved from the period.
After the Ljubljana earthquake of 1895, the church was renovated by the architect Raimund Jeblinger in a neo-baroque style. This renovation was strongly criticised for its supposed low quality, and was followed by another, done between 1938 and 1940. The façade was completely remodeled by the architect Ivan Vurnik, while his wife Helena Vurnik contributed new interior decorations and mosaics. The church's ceiling frescoes are the work of baroque painter Fran Jelovšek; altar paintings are by Valentin Metzinger.

## Cultural references

Until 1952, Trubar Street was known as St. Peter's Street (Sv. Petra cesta). The nearby St. Peter's Bridge across the Ljubljanica is named after the church. The church also gave its name to the former barracks housed at Vraz Square (Vrazov trg).
# Lucette Finas

Lucette Finas (born 13 July 1921) is a French author and essayist, part of the structuralist movement. She has published several articles relating interviews with French scholars and philosophers in the 1970s, like writers Nathalie Sarraute, philosopher and historian Michel Foucault or philosopher Jacques Derrida. In 1978, she was appointed an officer of the Ordre des Palmes académiques.
# Riad Beyrouti

Riad Beyrouti (Arabic: ریاض بیروتي; born 6 May 1944 in Damascus – died 4 November 2019 in Honfleur, France) was a Syrian painter. He lived in Lower Normandy from 1969 until his death.

## Biography

Riad Beyrouti graduated from the Damascus National School of Fine Arts, where he had majored in sculpture. He moved to France in 1969 and attended l'École nationale supérieure des Beaux-Arts in Paris, majoring in sculpture. César Baldaccini was in charge of the sculpture department at that time.
Beyrouti took part in various exhibitions in Caen and Honfleur.

## Works

* Sculpture
* Monochrome
* Oil on canvas
* Ink on paper

### Sculpture

* Platon, 1968
* Man And Time, 1968

### Painting

* Ink painting
* Oil painting

### Pricing

An ink painting on paper (54x58 cm) was acquired by the Lower Normandy region on 24 February 1984 at the price of 7200 Frs.
# R. Rajendran (DMK politician)

R. Rajendran (born 3 June 1959) is an Indian politician who serves as Minister for Tourism in the Government of Tamil Nadu. He is a Member of Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly for the constituency of Salem North.

## Early life

R Rajendran was born on 3 June 1959 in Tamil Nadu. He hails from an agricultural background. He completed his primary school from Govt. School, Salem, and Higher Secondary school studies from Little Flower School, Salem. He entered politics during his college days and was active since early 1990s till now.

## Politics

In 1985 he was appointed the Student Wing District Organizer by the Party President M. Karunanidhi. In 1992 he was appointed the District Organizer at DMK Youth Wing by present DMK President and then Youth Wing Secretary M. K. Stalin. In 1999 he was appointed the State Youth Wing Deputy Secretary by M. K. Stalin. In 2004 he acted as the State President for the Government LPF.
In 2006 he was elected as the Member of Legislative Assembly, for the Panamarathupatty Assembly constituency . In 2015 he was appointed the District Secretary for the Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam Salem (Central) after the death of former Minister Veerapandi Arumugam by the Party President M. Karunanidhi. In 2016 he was elected as the Member of Legislative Assembly, for the Salem North Assembly constituency. In 2021 he was elected as the Member of Legislative Assembly, for the Salem North Assembly constituency for the second time.

## Ministry

On 29.09.2024 he was inducted in the Cabinet of DMK Ministry under Chief Minister M. K. Stalin and he took charge as Minister for Tourism, Government of Tamil Nadu. He is the Second Minister for Salem District from DMK.

## Electoral performance

| Election | Constituency | Party | Result | Vote % | Runner-up | Runner-up Party | Runner-up vote % |
| 2021 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election | Salem North | DMK | Won | 46.52% | G. Venkatachalam | AIADMK | 42.74% |
| 2016 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election | Salem North | DMK | Won | 45.14% | K. R. S. Saravanan | AIADMK | 39.99% |
| 2011 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election | Salem West | AIADMK | Lost | 36.48% | G. Venkatachalam | AIADMK | 54.46% |
| 2006 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election | Panamarathupatty | DMK | Won | 44.57% | R. Elangovan | AIADMK | 42.20% |
| 2001 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election | Omalur | AIADMK | Lost | 30.89% | S. Semmalai | AIADMK | 59.39% |
# Le Diamant

Le Diamant (French pronunciation:; Antillean Creole: Dianman or Diaman, lit. 'Diamond') is a town and commune in the French overseas department of Martinique.

## Geography

The town of Le Diamant is situated in southwestern Martinique, where the Diamond Rock is.
# Abdulkarimovo, Alsheyevsky District, Bashkortostan

Abdulkarimovo (Russian: Абдулкаримово; Bashkir: Әбделкәрим, Äbdelkärim) is a rural locality (a village) in Abdrashitovsky Selsoviet of Alsheyevsky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 68 as of 2010. There are 2 streets.

## Geography

Abdulkarimovo is located 41 km southeast of Rayevsky (the district's administrative centre) by road. Balkan is the nearest rural locality.

## Ethnicity

The village is inhabited by Bashkirs and others.
# Minister Plenipotentiary (Netherlands)

A minister plenipotentiary (Dutch: gevolmachtigd minister) represents the government of one of the Caribbean constituent countries as part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands. The minister is part of the government of that country, but resides in the Netherlands, where they are part of the Council of Ministers of the Kingdom of the Netherlands.

## Description

A significant difference between the Netherlands ministers and the ministers plenipotentiary is that the former ministers are accountable for their politics and policies to the Dutch parliament. The ministers plenipotentiary, however, are accountable to their national governments. Therefore, the ministers plenipotentiary usually do not resign in the event of a Dutch cabinet crisis.

### Ministers plenipotentiary

The following three ministers plenipotentiary currently exist:
* Minister Plenipotentiary of Aruba (est. 1986)
* Minister Plenipotentiary of Curaçao (est. 2010)
* Minister Plenipotentiary of Sint Maarten (est. 2010)
In addition ministers plenipotentiary have existed for the former Caribbean Netherlands Antilles (1954−2010) before its dissolution; and for the former South American colony of Suriname (1667–1954) before its independence
* Minister Plenipotentiary of the Netherlands Antilles (1954–2010)
* Minister Plenipotentiary of Suriname (1954–1975)
# Tepebağ, Derik

Tepebağ (Kurdish: Tilbisim) is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Derik, Mardin Province in Turkey. The village is populated by Kurds of the Rutan and Xidiran tribes and had a population of 2,069 in 2021.
# Philip and the Others

Philip and the Others (Dutch: Philip en de anderen) is a 1954 novel by Dutch writer Cees Nooteboom. It was Nooteboom's first novel. He wrote the first chapter when working in a bank, sent it to a publisher, and was offered 300 guilders to finish the book, which then took two months. The book won the Anne Frank Prize.
# Shivalik Enclave

Shivalik Enclave is situated between older sections of ManiMajra (also known as Manimajra Town) of Sector 13, Chandigarh, and Panchkula. It is located on Kalka-Shimla Road next to the Housing Board Light Point. Shivalik Enclave is a part of Chandigarh and one of its boundaries touches the Haryana border at Panchkula. At the time of its conception, it was known as the Notified Area Committee Manimajra, but the residents changed its name to "Shivalik Enclave."
# Cynthia Hall (scientist)

Cynthia Hall (1922/3? - ?) was an American nuclear scientist and expert in poisons. She worked on the Manhattan Project at the Argonne National Laboratory, where she was one of the few female African American scientists assigned to the project.

## Career

Hall began her career as a researcher in a morgue where she analyzed the effects of poisons on humans. In the 1940s, Hall began working at the Metallurgical Laboratory at the University of Chicago. In the role, she analyzed potential solutions for radiation poisoning. She worked at the Argonne National Laboratory as a researcher for the 10-member analytical group of the Chemical Engineering Division during the Manhattan Project.

## Recognition

In 1949, age 26, Hall was featured in an Ebony magazine article titled "Atom Scientists: Ten Negro Scientists at Argonne Lab Help in Race to Harness Atomic Materials."
In 2020, Hall was featured in a 'Women in Stem' series by the Science History Institute. In 2021, Hall was recognized by the National Museum of Nuclear Science & History during Black History Month for "remarkable" contributions to nuclear sciences.
# Constitution (Roman law)

In Roman law, a constitutio ("constitution") is any legislative enactment by a Roman emperor. It includes edicts, decrees (judicial decisions), and rescripta (written answers to officials or petitioners). Mandata (instructions) given by the Emperor to officials were not constitutions but created legal rules that could be relied upon by individuals.
One of the most important constitutions issued by a Roman emperor was Caracalla's Constitutio Antoniniana of 212, also called the Edict of Caracalla or the Antonine Constitution, which declared that all free men of the Roman Empire were to be given Roman citizenship and all free women the same rights as Roman women.
# Yelimbetovo

Yelimbetovo (Russian: Елимбетово; Bashkir: Йәлембәт, Yälembät) is a rural locality (a village) in Tashtimerovsky Selsoviet, Abzelilovsky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 371 as of 2010. There are 5 streets.

## Geography

Yelimbetovo is located 26 km northeast of Askarovo (the district's administrative centre) by road. Tashtimerovo is the nearest rural locality.