OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Châtillon-en-Vendelais

Châtillon-en-Vendelais (French pronunciation:; Gallo: Balazæ, Breton: Kastellan-Gwennel) is a commune in the Ille-et-Vilaine department of Brittany in northwestern France.

## Population

Inhabitants of Châtillon-en-Vendelais are called Châtillonais in French.
# Lipovka, Voronezh Oblast

Lipovka (Russian: Липовка) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative center of Lipovskoye Rural Settlement, Bobrovsky District, Voronezh Oblast, Russia. The population was 803 as of 2010. There are 14 streets.

## Geography

Lipovka is located 49 km south of Bobrov (the district's administrative centre) by road. Shestakovo is the nearest rural locality.
# Aleksandr Arsoyev

Aleksandr Vyacheslavovich Arsoyev (Russian: Александр Вячеславович Арсоев; born 14 June 1990) is a former Russian professional football player.

## Club career

He made his Russian Football National League debut for FC Alania Vladikavkaz on 28 August 2009 in a game against FC Sibir Novosibirsk.
# Ratschendorf

Ratschendorf (Slovene: Račja vas) is a former municipality in the district of Südoststeiermark in the Austrian state of Styria. Since the 2015 Styria municipal structural reform, it is part of the municipality Deutsch Goritz.
# American Institute of Afghanistan Studies

The American Institute of Afghanistan Studies (AIAS), founded in 2003, is a non-profit organization dedicated to promoting the advanced study of Afghanistan in the United States. The institute is housed at Boston University in Massachusetts. The center is a member of the Council of American Overseas Research Centers.
John F. Richards, of Duke University in North Carolina, was in the vanguard of establishing the AIAS and its inaugural meeting was held at Duke.
Since its founding many academic institutions from across the United States have become affiliated with the institute. Among these are: Boston University, Columbia University, University of Chicago, New York University, University of Michigan, University of Virginia, and James Madison University.
The Institute promotes multi-disciplinary approaches to the study of Afghanistan and provides a fellowship grant available by application to those seeking to do field-work in Afghanistan while pursuing a relevant PhD.
The official journal of the American Institute of Afghanistan Studies is Afghanistan: Journal of the American Institute of Afghanistan Studies (ISSN 2399-357X), which has been published twice yearly beginning in 2018 by Edinburgh University Press. Afghanistan Studies is where Near Eastern Studies, Central Asian Studies, and South Asian Studies overlap. The journal, therefore, does not focus solely on geographic Afghanistan, but publishes articles that straddle these three subject areas where the pre-modern histories and cultures of Afghanistan connect.
# Verkhnyaya Toyda

Verkhnyaya Toyda (Russian: Верхняя Тойда) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative center of Verkhnetoydenskoye Rural Settlement, Anninsky District, Voronezh Oblast, Russia. The population was 836 as of 2010. There are 12 streets.

## Geography

Verkhnyaya Toyda is located 12 km southwest of Anna (the district's administrative centre) by road. Levashovka is the nearest rural locality.
# Antonio Gianettini

Antonio Gianettini (also Giannettini, Zanettini, Zannettini; 1648 – 12 July 1721) was an Italian organist, concertmaster and composer.

## Biography

Born in Fano, almost nothing is known about Gianettini's musical training; in 1662, sources place him in Venice, where he probably studied under the guidance of Sebastiano Enno. On 14 January 1674 he was admitted as a bass singer in the choir of the chapel of the Basilica of San Marco. Subsequently, on 5 December 1676 he was appointed as an organist at the Basilica of Santi Giovanni e Paolo with a salary of 40 ducats a year (a position he held until 1679). In this period he studied music with Carlo Grossi and perhaps also with Giovanni Legrenzi. On 25 January 1677 he was also an organist at San Marco (while being a choir singer). From 1676 he started to be active as a composer: in this period he wrote about ten works in Venice and Milan and various sacred music (including some motets for Ippolito Bentivoglio). During years 1685-1686 he was also active as a composer and a capella teacher for the Duke of Hannover Ernest Augustus of Brunswick-Lüneburg. While there, he stayed in a building overlooking the Grand Canal.
On May 1, 1686, Gianettini left his offices at San Marco to take the place of maestro di cappella at the court of Francesco II, Duke of Modena. His salary for his services to the court of Modena was 396 lire a month (a considerable amount for the time). For the Duke's court he wrote 9 oratorios, but also other sacred compositions, cantatas and serenades. With the outbreak of the Spanish succession war, Modena was occupied by the French and in 1702 he had to flee with Duke Rinaldo I (successor of Francesco II) to Bologna. After the war, in 1707 he returned to Modena, where he continued his work as the director of the chapel, but without receiving the high salary like years before. In 1710, he was part of the teaching faculty for the virtuosos of Modena, giving lessons to singers such as the Tenor Francesco Maria Cignoni. In May 1721 he decided to accompany her daughter Maria Caterina to Munich, a city where she was active as a singer at the Bavarian court and where he died shortly after.
Although rarely known now, Gianettini was considered as one of the most talented composers of his era. He was very much appreciated as an opera and composer of sacred music both in Italy and in Germany.
# Azerbaijan National Anti-Doping Agency

Azerbaijan National Anti-Doping Agency (AMADA) (Azərbaycan Milli Antidopinq Agentliyi) is an independent body responsible for the fight against doping in sport in Azerbaijan, established by the Law of the Republic of Azerbaijan "On the fight against the use of doping substances and methods in sport" and the Decree of the President of the Republic of Azerbaijan on its implementation on December 23, 2016. The Agency is a public legal entity, with the state registration of the Ministry of Taxes. The Agency is composed of a supervisory board and the operational body. The AMADA is headed by its CEO Tahmina Taghi-zada.
# Mohammad Khorrami (wrestler)

Mohammad Khorrami (also Khorami, Persian: محمد خرمی) is a retired Iranian freestyle wrestler who won a silver medal at the 1974 Asian Games. His brother Reza Khorrami also won a silver medal at the same competition, but in a 90 kg division.
# Javanshir Huseynov

Javanshir Tamraz oghlu Huseynov (Azerbaijani: Cavanşir Təmraz oğlu Hüseynov, January 23, 1934 — December 2, 1985) was an Azerbaijani builder-engineer and statesman, Chairman of the State Construction Works Committee of the Azerbaijan SSR (1978–1985), First Deputy Minister of the Construction Materials Industry of the Azerbaijan SSR (1975–1978), Deputy of the 10th and 11th convocations of the Supreme Soviet of the Azerbaijan SSR.

## Biography

Javanshir Tamraz oghlu Huseynov was born on January 23, 1934. After graduating from the Azerbaijan Polytechnic Institute in 1957, he worked as a builder-technician and construction foreman in the construction departments of the Baku General Construction Department. From 1958 to 1963, he was a teacher and graduate student of the Azerbaijan Polytechnic Institute.
In 1963–1968, he worked as a chief project engineer, deputy head of the department, acting head of the construction organization and technology trust of the Ministry of Construction of the Azerbaijan SSR, and head of the construction assistance office of the General Inter-Kolkhoz Construction Department. From 1968, he worked as the deputy manager of the "Sanayetikintimekhanikleshdirme" trust, the chief engineer of the trust, and in 1971-1975 he was the manager of the trust number 4 of the Ministry of Industrial Construction of the Azerbaijan SSR. və 1971–1975-ci illərdə Azərbaycan SSR Sənaye Tikintisi Nazirliyi 4 nömrəli trestinin müdiri olmuşdur.
From 1975 to 1978, Javanshir Huseynov worked as the First Deputy Minister of Construction Materials Industry of the Azerbaijan SSR. In 1978, he was appointed chairman of the Azerbaijan SSR State Construction Works Committee.
Javanshir Huseynov has been a member of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union since 1968 and was elected deputy of the 10th and 11th convocations of the Supreme Soviet of the Azerbaijan SSR. He was awarded the "Red Banner of Labour" and "Badge of Honour" orders, and was awarded the honorary title of "Honored Engineer of the Azerbaijan SSR".
Javanshir Huseynov died on December 2, 1985, after a long illness. He was buried in Alley of Honor.
# Noravan, Armavir

40°10′N 44°02′E﻿ / ﻿40.167°N 44.033°E﻿ / 40.167; 44.033
Noravan (Armenian: Նորավան) is a town in the Armavir Province of Armenia. It is home to the Noravan Agriculture Association.

## Infrastructure

In 2012 the World Bank funded a road improvement in the area. Also in 2012, the Prime Minister Tigran Sargsyan visited the area to see irrigation infrastructure works. The Irrigation System Rehabilitation Works are partly funded by the World Bank.

## Noravan forest

There have been accusations that Noravan forest was sold by the regional administration to corrupt officials in a sham auction, without informing the people who formerly rented the land. The buyers then resold the land for a substantial profit.

## Noravan Municipality

The local government for the town is the Noravan Municipality, the head of community for the municipality is Arthur Mikayelyan. Arthur Mikayelyan was awarded gold medals for agricultural achievements by the minister of agriculture Sergo Karapetyan in 2014.
# Marno

Marno (pronounced) is a settlement in the Municipality of Hrastnik in central Slovenia. It lies just north of the main road east of Dol. The area is part of the traditional region of Styria. It is now included with the rest of the municipality in the Central Sava Statistical Region.

## Mass graves

Marno is the site of two known mass graves associated with the Second World War. The Marno Mass Grave (Slovene: Grobišče Marno) is located south of the settlement, on the edge of the woods about 150 meters (490 ft) from a chapel-shrine. The grave is believed to encompass the entire margin of the woods—from the road between Marno and Turje to the east, to the bottom of the valley with the creek to the west. The grave contains the remains of several hundred people (Home Guard soldiers and civilians) transported from the Teharje camp and murdered at the beginning of June 1945. The Krištandol Mass Grave (Grobišče Krištandol) is located northwest of the settlement, on a grassy slope below the house at Krištandol no. 15, 9 meters (30 ft) from a large tree and 32 meters (105 ft) from the edge of the woods. It contains an unknown number of victims.
# Rayna Katsarova

Rayna Katsarova (7 May 1901 – 14 September 1984) was a Bulgarian ethnomusicologist.

## Life

Rayna Katsarova was born in Sofia on 7 May 1901. In 1925 she graduated from the Music Academy in Sofia, and in 1931 she studied in Berlin with Erich Moritz von Hornbostel and Robert Lachmann. She worked in the folk music section of the Ethnographic Museum in Sofia, first as assistant keeper from 1934 to 1937, and then as senior keeper and head from 1947 to 1952.
In 1947 she was among the founders of the International Council for Traditional Music. From 1952 to 1962 she was the director of the Institute of Musicology of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences. From 1965 she was a member of the Societé Internationale d'Ethnologie et de Folklore.
She is the founder of the dance archive of the Institute of Musicology. Her students included Stoyan Dzhudzhev, Nikolai Kaufman, and Todor Todorov. In 1965, she founded the National Festival of Bulgarian Folk Art with Petko Staynov and Anna Kamenova.
She died on 14 September 1984.

## Selected publications

* Dances of Bulgaria (1951)
* Błogarskije narodnyje tancy (1958)
* Le manque de coïncidences entre la figure chorégraphique et la phrase mélodique (1960)
* L'ethnomusicologie et Bulgarie de 1954 à nos jours (1960)
* La classification des mélodies en Bulgarie (1965)
# Surovsky

Surovsky (Russian: Суровский) is a rural locality (a settlement) in Ostrovksoye Rural Settlement, Anninsky District, Voronezh Oblast, Russia. The population was 109 as of 2010.

## Geography

Surovsky is located 48 km east of Anna (the district's administrative centre) by road. Ostrovki is the nearest rural locality.
# Kota Rani

Kota Rani (died 1344) was the last ruler of the Hindu Lohara dynasty in Kashmir. She was also the last female ruler of Kashmir. She was regent for her new husband because of the minority of her son in 1323−1338, and ruled as monarch in 1338−1339. She was deposed by Shah Mir, who became the second Muslim ruler of Kashmir after Rinchan who converted to Islam and ruled as Sultan Sadr-ud-din.

## Life

Kota Rani was the daughter of Ramachandra, the commander-in-chief of Suhadeva, the king of Lohara dynasty in Kashmir. Ramachandra had appointed an administrator, Rinchan, a Ladakhi. Rinchan became ambitious. He sent a force in the fort, in the guise of merchants, who took Ramachandra's men by surprise. Ramachandra was killed and his family was taken prisoner.
To earn local support, Rinchan appointed Rawanchandra, the son of Ramachandra, as administrator of Lar and Ladakh, and married his sister Kota Rani. He employed Shah Mir as a trusted courtier, who had entered Kashmir earlier and had been given an appointment in the government. Rinchan converted to Islam and adopted the name of Sultan Sadruddin. He died as a result of an assassination after ruling for three years.

### Rule

Kota Rani was first appointed as a regent for Rinchan's young son. Later she was persuaded to marry Udayanadeva by the elders.
Udayanadeva became the ruler of Kashmir, but Kota Rani practically ruled the kingdom. After Udayanadeva died in 1338, Kota Rani became the ruler of Kashmir in her own right.
Kota Rani had two sons. Rinchan's son was under the charge of Shah Mir and Udayanadeva's son was taught by Bhatta Bhikshana. Kota Rani appointed Bhatta Bhikshana as her prime minister.
Shah Mir pretended to be sick, and when Bhatta Bhikshana visited him, Shah Mir jumped out of his bed and killed him. According to the historian Jonaraja, she committed suicide and offered her intestines to him as a wedding gift. According to the Kashmiri historian Jonaraja, Shah Mir killed both of her sons.

## Legacy

She was very intelligent and a great thinker. She saved the city of Srinagar from frequent floods by getting a canal constructed, named after her and called "Kute Kol". This canal gets water from Jhelum River at the entry point of city and again merges with Jhelum river beyond the city limits.

## In popular culture

* Rakesh Kaul's historical novel The Last Queen of Kashmir is based on Kota Rani's life and legend.
* In August 2019, Reliance Entertainment and Phantom Films announced that they would be making a movie on Kota Rani.
# Sontham (1973 film)

Sontham (transl. Belonging) is a 1973 Indian Tamil-language drama film directed by A. C. Tirulokchandar. The film stars Muthuraman and K. R. Vijaya. It is based on the play of the same name by Karaikudi Narayanan. The film was released on 6 July 1973

## Plot

Manickam and Vairam get married but soon separate due to misunderstandings. Later, Manickam remarries Thangam, who dies leaving behind a daughter due to complications during childbirth.

## Cast

* Muthuraman
* K. R. Vijaya
* Prameela
* Sivakumar
* T. K. Bhagavathi
* V. K. Ramasamy
* Suruli Rajan
* S. N. Parvathy

## Production

Sontham is based on the stage play of the same name by Karaikudi Narayanan who also wrote dialogues for the film adaptation. Major Sundarrajan, who portrayed the lead on stage, was replaced by Muthuraman for the screen while Sivakumar reprised his role from the play.

## Soundtrack

The music was composed by M. S. Viswanathan, with lyrics by Kannadasan.

## Release and reception

Sontham was released on 6 July 1973. Kanthan of Kalki wrote this film is lively without being sluggish, with lots of glides and dips.
# Rillaton

Rillaton (Cornish: Reslegh) is a hamlet in the parish of Linkinhorne in Cornwall, England. Nearby is the Bronze Age round barrow where the Rillaton Gold Cup was found in 1837.
Rillaton was the head manor of the hundred of East Wivelshire and one of the Antiqua maneria, the original 17 manors belonging to the Earldom of Cornwall. Stara Bridge, a surviving clapper bridge, provides evidence of the economic importance of Rillaton in the Late Middle Ages.
# Gunesh

Gunesh (Persian: گونش, also Romanized as Gūnesh) is a village in Chelevand Rural District, Lavandevil District, Astara County, Gilan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 38, in 8 families.
# Shelley Gautier

Shelley Gautier (born 31 October 1968) is a Canadian multi-medalist in para-cycling. At the UCI Para-cycling Road World Championships from 2010 to 2022, Gautier has won 16 golds as part of her 19 medals. At the Parapan American Games, Gautier won a silver at the mixed road time trial event held at the 2011 Parapan American Games and 2015 Parapan American Games. As a Paralympic competitor, Gautier won a bronze at the 2016 Summer Paralympics in the women's time trial event. Apart from para-cycling, Gautier competed in disabled sailing. Gautier was inducted into the Niagara Falls Sports Wall of Fame in 2003 and nominated for the Laureus World Sports Award for Sportsperson of the Year with a Disability in 2015.

## Early life and education

Gautier was born on 31 October 1968 in Niagara Falls, Ontario. She went to the University of Western Ontario for an honours degree in physical education before graduating from the University of Toronto with a physical therapy degree.

## Career

Gautier began her sports career while in university as a college athlete. After a head injury and coma in 2001, Gautier was diagnosed with hemiparesis on the right side of her body. After her injury, Gautier started competing in disabled sailing before moving on towards para-cycling. During her disabled sailing career, Gautier won the Silver Fleet event at the 2006 Mobility Cup and was the president of the Disabled Sailing Association of Ontario from 2006 to 2007.
In para-cycling, Gautier won repeat golds in the time trial and road race events at the UCI Para-cycling Road World Championships from 2010 to 2015. Gautier continued to win gold at the road race and time trial events at the 2017 UCI Para-cycling Road World Championships and 2018 UCI Para-cycling Road World Championships. During the 2019 UCI Para-cycling Road World Championships, Gautier won silver in the road race and bronze in the time trial. At the 2021 UCI Para-cycling Road World Championships, Gautier won gold in the road race and time trial events. For the 2022 UCI Para-cycling Road World Championships, Gautier won bronze in the time trial and was last in the road race.
Outside of UCI, Gautier won a silver at the 2011 Parapan American Games and 2015 Parapan American Games in the mixed time trial events. After not medalling at the 2012 Summer Paralympics, Gautier received a bronze medal in the women's time trial event at the 2016 Summer Paralympics. Gautier did not win a medal at her events during the 2020 Summer Paralympics. Apart from competitions, the Shelley Gautier Para-Sport Foundation was created by Gautier in the mid-2010s.

## Awards and honours

In 2003, Gautier was inducted into the Niagara Falls Sports Wall of Fame as a member of the A. N. Myer Secondary School's soccer team. Gautier was nominated for the Laureus World Sports Award for Sportsperson of the Year with a Disability in 2015 and lost to Tatyana McFadden.
# Asecodes

Asecodes is a genus of hymenopteran insects of the family Eulophidae. They are endoparasitoids of Galerucella larvae.
# Finnish People's Blue-Whites

The Finnish People's Blue-whites (Finnish: Suomen Kansan Sinivalkoiset, SKS; Swedish: Finlands Folkets Blåvita) was a Finnish political party with an ultranationalist agenda, led by the controversial political figure Olavi Mäenpää. It was founded in 1993 as Independent People's Front (Sitoutumaton kansanrintama), and was known as National Front (Kansallinen Rintama) from 1997 until 2001. The SKS became a registered political party in 2002 and lost this status in April 2007. In 2010, Mäenpää and his followers joined the Freedom Party and the SKS was dissolved.
In the municipal election of 2004, the party received 3.6% of all votes in Turku, with Mäenpää getting more votes than any other candidate in the city. The party subsequently attained two seats in the city council, but the holder of the other seat, vice-chairperson Timo "Betoni" Virtanen, was expelled from the party shortly afterwards.
The party's nationwide percentage of votes peaked (0.20%) in the 2004 European Parliament election. Well-known candidates were chairperson Mäenpää and Matti Järviharju, who had been the vice-chairperson of the Constitutional Right Party and later became the chairperson of another small party.

## Elections results

Parliamentary elections :
| Year | MPs | Votes | Votes |
| 1995 | 0 | 2,075 | 0.07% |
| 1999 | 0 | 4,853 | 0.18% |
| 2003 | 0 | 4,579 | 0.16% |
| 2007 | 0 | 3,913 | 0.14% |
| Local elections ||||
| Year | Councillors | Votes | Votes |
| 2000 | 3 | 3,189 | 0.14% |
| 2004 | 2 | 3,173 | 0.13% |
| 2008 | 1 | 2,323 | 0.09% |
| European Parliament elections ||||
| Year | MEPs | Votes | Votes |
| 2004 | 0 | 3,248 | 0.20% |
# Qian Xuan

Qian Xuan (simplified Chinese: 钱选; traditional Chinese: 錢選; pinyin: Qián Xuǎn; Wade–Giles: Ch'ien Hsüan; 1235–1305), courtesy name Shun Ju (舜举), pseudonyms Yu Tan (玉潭, "Jade Pool"), Xi Lanweng (习嬾翁), and Zha Chuanweng (霅川翁), was a Chinese painter from Huzhou (湖州), the present day Wuxing District in Zhejiang. He lived during the late Song dynasty and early Yuan dynasty.

## Biography

Qian Xuan started as an aspiring scholar-official during the rule of the Southern Song (960–1279). However, he had difficulty climbing the ranks of officialdom. When the Mongol-founded Yuan dynasty took over the southern regions of China in 1276, he effectively gave up on the idea of a career in civil administration. In 1286, his friend Zhao Mengfu found and accepted a position there, and so for a time it seemed he could as well. However, he refused on patriotic grounds, while he cited old age to avoid difficulties. He nevertheless was considered a Song loyalist.
His life after 1276 was devoted to painting, and he became noted as a "fur and feathers" painter. He was also adept at bird-and-flower painting, character painting, and landscape painting (shan shui). He is known for landscapes that hinted at a longing for a return of native Chinese rule, such as in the work Home Again. He mixed Song realism with an archaic Tang style.

## Works

* Wang Xizhi, by Qian Xuan (1235-1305 AD)
* Yang Guifei Mounting a Horse, by Qian Xuan (1235-1305 AD)
* Early Autumn
# Francesco Soto de Langa

Francisco Soto de Langa (Langa de Duero, 1534 — Rome, 1619) was a singer, editor and composer. A minor exponent of the lauda and priest of the Congregation of the Oratory where he was affiliated with St. Fillippo Neri and Giovanni Animuccia. Soto de Langa was tenured at the papal choir in Rome from 1562 until his retirement in 1611. Reputedly the first castrato to enter into the Papal Chapel, Langa had an instrumental role in the posthumous preservation of Juan Navarro's Psalmi, Hymni ac Magnificat totius Anni. A significant collection of laudi spirituali is extant, of which only a mere handful can be assigned to de Langa with any degree of certainty. Bold vertical harmonies and symmetrically balanced phrases are among his stylistic traits.

## Recordings

* Nuove Laudi Ariose della Beatissima Vergine - Tactus, 2001. Progetto Musica, conducted by Giulio Monaco
# Qahremanluy

Qahremanluy (Persian: قهرمانلوي) may refer to:
* Qahremanluy-e Olya
* Qahremanluy-e Sofla
# Caroline Maher

Caroline Maher (Arabic: كارولين ماهر) is a member of the Egyptian Parliament. She is a taekwondo player.