OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# M. Geethanandan

M. Geethanandan is an Indian social activist working on political and economic issues faced by tribals and dalits in the state of Kerala, India. He co-founded the Adivasi Gothra Mahasabha along with C.K. Janu and others. He has been involved in organising several protests and struggles of Adivasis (tribes) and Dalits, notably the Muthanga agitation, an incident of police firing on the Adivasis in the Muthanga village of Wayanad district, Kerala.

## Biography

Geethanandan was born in Thayyil, Kannur district, Kerala, in 1954 in a Dalit family. After obtaining Master of Science degree in Marine Sciences, he worked at the accountant-general's office in the state capital Thiruvananthapuram for about 20 years.

## Kudilketti struggle

In 2001, C.K. Janu and Geethanandan led a protest of Adivasis from all over Kerala in Thiruvananthapuram. The protesters erected kudil (shacks) in front of the secretariat and demanded land rights. The protest came to be called as the Kudilketti struggle. The Adivasi Gothra Mahasabha was born during this struggle.

## Muthanga incident

On 19 February 2003, C.K. Janu and Geethanandan also led the occupation of land at Muthanga. The occupation ended with massive police violence in which a policeman and an Adivasi person were killed. It came to be known as the Muthanga incident and Janu had to undergo imprisonment and face 75 cases filed against her.
The tribal people had gathered under Adivasi Gothra Maha Sabha (AGMS) to protest the Kerala government's delay in allotting them land, which had been granted in October 2001. During the protest, Kerala police fired 18 rounds resulting in two immediate fatalities (one of which was a police officer). In a subsequent statement, the government placed the official death toll at five. A video of the firing was aired on several television news programs and prompted noted author, Arundhati Roy, into writing You have blood on your hands.
On 21 February 2003, AGMS leaders C. K. Janu and Geethanandan were arrested. The two were spotted by locals at a roadside, near Nambikolli, about 4 kilometers from the town of Sulthan Bathery on the Bathery-Ootty road. K. K. Surendran, a lecturer in DIET, was also arrested in connection with the tribal agitation in the sanctuary.

## Villuvandi protests

Along with leaders of other Adivasi and Dalit organisations, Geethanandan protested that demanded the reinstatement of the rights of the Malayaraya Adivasi community over the land and temple in Sabarimala. The protests used Villuvandis (carts), borrowing from the protest led by Ayyankali in 1893 demanding the right to use public roads.

## Dalit hartal

On 9 April 2018, various Dalit and Adivasi organisations organised a dawn-to-dusk strike against the perceived dilution of the Scheduled Caste and Scheduled Tribe (Prevention of Atrocities) Act, 1989 by the Indian supreme court. Geethanandan co-organized the hartal and was arrested by the State police.
# Charritte-de-Bas

Charritte-de-Bas (French pronunciation:; Basque: Sarrikotape) is a commune in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department in south-western France.
It is located in the former province of Soule.
The steeple of the church is a trinitarian one.
# Montauban-de-Bretagne

Montauban-de-Bretagne (French pronunciation:, literally Montauban of Brittany; Breton: Menezalban, Gallo: Montauban) is a commune in the Ille-et-Vilaine department in Brittany in northwestern France. On 1 January 2019, the former commune Saint-M'Hervon was merged into Montauban-de-Bretagne. The writer Jean Sulivan (1913–1980) was born in Montauban.
Previously known as Montauban, the name was changed to Montauban-de-Bretagne in 1995.

## Population

Inhabitants of Montauban-de-Bretagne are called Montalbanais in French. Population data refer to the commune in its geography as of January 2023.
# Nosratabad, Anar

Nosratabad (Persian: نصرت آباد, also Romanized as Noşratābād) is a village in Hoseynabad Rural District, in the Central District of Anar County, Kerman Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 151, in 38 families.
# Remire-Montjoly

Remire-Montjoly (French pronunciation:; often unofficially spelled Rémire-Montjoly; French Guianese Creole: Rémir-Monjoli) is a commune of French Guiana, an overseas region and department of France located on the northeast coast of South America.
Remire-Montjoly is a suburb of Cayenne, the capital préfecture and largest city of French Guiana. It is located to the south-east of Cayenne. Residential districts are located along some of the best beaches in the Cayenne area.
Cayenne and French Guiana's main seaport, the port of Dégrad des Cannes, is located in the commune of Remire-Montjoly, on the estuary of the river Mahury. Almost all of French Guiana's imports and exports pass through the port of Dégrad des Cannes.

## History

The name of the town Remire, formerly Armire, is of Galibi origin. The town was founded in October 1652 by missionaires. In 1656, Dutch Jews who had fled from Pernambuco, Brazil settled in Remire and built a sugar factory. Most of them left for Suriname when the French retook the area. In 1666, the Jesuits settled in the town, and started a sugar plantation. In 1765, the possessions of the Jesuits were ceased, and Remira became a tiny village in the shadow of Cayenne once more. In 1879, Remire was elevated to a community with its own mayor. After the eruption of Mount Pelée in 1902, many people from Martinique settled in the town.
The commune was originally called Remire, but on 27 March 1969 the name was officially changed to Remire-Montjoly to reflect the development of Montjoly, one of the two settlements located within the commune. With urban expansion, the settlements of Remire and Montjoly have fused with Cayenne into a single urban area, however Remire-Montjoly remains a commune that is administered separately from the commune of Cayenne.

## Fort Diamant

Fort Diamant is a coastal battery built in 1848 to protect Cayenne and the colony. The fort was built from basalt rubble and bricks and consists of three parts in a V-shape. The walls are two metres thick. Fort Diamant was classified as a historic monument in 1980, and renovated.

## Nature

Salines de Montjoly is a former saltworks and protected area in the commune. It is located in the urban area near the Atlantic Ocean, and contains a multitude of biomes like a beach used by sea turtles for nesting, and wetlands which are a refuge for birds. It also contains the only publicly accessible mangrove forest of French Guiana.

## Sports

Remire-Montjoly is home to ASC Rémire football team who play at the Stade Municipal Dr. Edmard Lama.

## Notable people

* Loïc Prévot (born 1998), sprinter
# Sorkhu

Sorkhu (Persian: سرخو, also Romanized as Sorkhū; also known as Sorkh Āb) is a village in Chehel Chay Rural District, in the Central District of Minudasht County, Golestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 62, in 21 families.
# Trial (album)

Trial is the eighteenth studio album by Japanese alternative rock band The Pillows. It was released on January 18, 2012.

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Sawao Yamanaka
# Barış, Kızıltepe

Barış (Kurdish: Bariş) is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Kızıltepe, Mardin Province in Turkey. The village is populated by Kurds of the Kîkan tribe and had a population of 148 in 2021.
# Éloise

Éloise (French pronunciation:; Arpitan: Élouéze) is a commune in the Haute-Savoie department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region in south-eastern France.
# Tarakeshwara

Tarakeshwara or Tarakeshvara (Sanskrit: तारकेश्वर, Tārakeśvara; Hindi: Tārkeśvar) is a form of the Hindu god Shiva in his role as a psychopomp, a ferryman or deliverer of the soul into freedom from rebirth (moksha).

## Temples

* Manikarnika Ghat, Benares
* Hangal, Karnataka
* Taraknath Temple, West Bengal
The temples are connected to the "Taraka", the "ferryboat mantra" or "mantra of the crossing" believed to guide the spirit of the dying to moksha. One Shivite form of the prayer is Om Sri Rama Jaya Rama Jaya Jaya Rama ("Om, Victory to God with his shakti, victory, victory to God"), supposedly taught by Shiva to his wife Parvati. Another is Rām-Rāmāya Namaḥ, taught by Yajnavalkya to Bharadvaja in the Ramottaratapaniya Upanishad. Supposedly, one dying in the temple at Benares hears Shiva himself reciting one of these mantras.
# Koçlu, Kızıltepe

Koçlu (Kurdish: Kefertût) is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Kızıltepe, Mardin Province in Turkey. The village is predominantly populated by Kurds of the Xalecan tribe and had a population of 91 in 2021.
Besides Kurds of the Xalecan tribe, the village is also home to Kurds from the Erbanî and Omerkan tribes and has moreover Arab residents. It is formerly populated by Assyrians.
# Coniopternium

Coniopternium is an extinct genus of macraucheniids from the Late Oligocene of South America. Fossils of Coniopternium have been found in the Agua de la Piedra, Deseado, and Sarmiento Formations of Argentina, the Salla Formation of Bolivia, and the Moquegua Formation of Peru.

## Taxonomy

Coniopternium was first described by Ameghino in 1895 based on fossils found in the Sarmiento Formation of Chubut Province, Argentina. 19 years later, in 1914, the species Notodiaphorus crassus had been described, whose fossils were discovered in the La Flecha locality of the Deseado Formation in Santa Cruz Province. However, later authorities have since synonymized Notodiaphorus with Coniopternium andinum.
# List of universities in Guatemala

This is a list of universities in Guatemala.

## Public institution

* Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala (USAC), founded in 1676

## Private institutions

* Universidad Rafael Landívar, founded in 1961
* Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, founded in 1966
* Universidad Mariano Gálvez de Guatemala, founded in 1966
* Universidad Francisco Marroquín, founded in 1971
* Universidad Rural de Guatemala, founded in 1995
* Universidad del Istmo, founded in 1997
* Universidad Panamericana, founded in 1998
* Universidad Mesoamericana, founded in 1999
* Universidad Galileo, founded in 2000
* Universidad San Pablo de Guatemala, founded in 2006
* Universidad InterNaciones, founded in 2009
* Universidad de Occidente, founded in 2010
* Universidad Da Vinci de Guatemala, founded in 2012
* Universidad Regional de Guatemala, founded in 2014

## Other institutions

* Academia de Artes Culinarias de Guatemala
* Instituto Femenino de Estudios Superiores IFES
* INTECAP - Instituto de Capacitacion
* Loyola Escuela Empresarial para las Américas
* National Conservatory of Music Germán Alcántara
# Manalobe

Manalobe is a town and commune (Malagasy: kaominina) in southwest Madagascar. It belongs to the district of Betioky Sud, which is a part of Atsimo-Andrefana Region. The population of the commune was estimated to be approximately 4,000 in 2001 commune census.
Only primary schooling is available. The majority 60% of the commune's population are farmers, while an additional 39% receive their livelihood from raising livestock. The most important crop is rice, while other important products are sugarcane and cassava. Services employ 1% of the population.

## References and notes

* ↑ Estimated based on DEM data from Shuttle Radar Topography Mission
* 1 2 3 "ILO census data". Cornell University. 2002. Retrieved 2008-03-12.
23°26′S 44°33′E﻿ / ﻿23.433°S 44.550°E﻿ / -23.433; 44.550
* This Atsimo-Andrefana location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Vientiane Mai

Vientiane Mai (Lao: ວຽງຈັນໃໝ່, romanized: Viengchanmay, lit. 'New Vientiane') is a Lao language weekly newspaper published by the Government of Laos in the capital and largest city of Vientiane. It was originally called the Vientiane Post, but was renamed in 1975 when the Lao People's Revolutionary Party (LPRP) took power. It reflects the position of the government and the LPRP.
# M'laya

The M'laya (Arabic: ملاية) is a black veil that covers the whole body, it originated in Algeria.
The origin of the M'laya goes back to the 18th century and is connected to the death of Salah Bey who was the Bey of Constantine. Following his tragic death a tradition emerged in Constantine of wearing the M'laya. The M'laya is black in colour unlike the haik which is white. The M'laya covers the entire body and is said to have been a symbol of modesty.
# Kharrat Gulu

Karbalayi Gulu Mahammad oghlu Azerbaijani: Kərbəlayı Qulu Məhəmməd oğlu; 1823–1883) was a musicologist, poet, founder of music school in Shusha.

## Biography

The founder of music school in Shusha, musicologist Karbalayi Gulu was born in 1823.
Kharrat Gulu used to attract young people with suitable voices for mugham gatherings in Shusha, teaching them mugham and how to sing it. He used to attract young people to the assembly he organized during Muharram ceremonies, and taught them to play the roles of Sakina, Zeynab, Ali Akbar and others. He knew classical Eastern music and also wrote poems. Because he was under the influence of religious figures, he did not speak in public meetings.
Kharrat Gulu's music school, which operated in the middle of the 19th century, mainly served religion, but it also led to the training of a number of musicians who played an important role in the development of Azerbaijani mugham art. Haji Husu, Mashadi Isi, Deli Ismail, Shahnaz Abbas, Bulbuljan, Keshtazli Hashim, Kechachioghlu Muhammed, Jabbar Garyaghdioglu and Tarzen Sadigjan were students of this school.
Karbalayi Kharrat Gulu died in Shusha in 1883 at the age of 60 and was buried there. After his death, Kor Khalifa continued his path and opened a music school in Shusha. After the death of Kor Khalifa, the school stopped its activities. Then Molla Ibrahim continued this music teaching in Shusha.
# Church of the Resurrection, Sebeș

The Church of the Resurrection (Romanian: Biserica Învierea Domnului) is a Romanian Orthodox church located at 4 Augustin Bena Street, Sebeș, Romania, is dedicated to the Feast of the Resurrection.
Located on the left bank of the Sebeș River, the church was built by the local Orthodox community as its population increased in the early 19th century. Funding came from parishioners, aided by the efforts of Archpriest Zaharie Moga and his brother, Bishop Vasile Moga. The cornerstone was laid in 1819 and continued with difficulty until 1824. At that point, the structure was largely complete, but the spire was not yet covered with brass sheeting, the iconostasis was not painted, there were no doors or windows. By 1827, these deficiencies had been overcome. The church was consecrated the following year, with Bishop Moga participating in it.
The church is listed as a historic monument by Romania's Ministry of Culture and Religious Affairs.
# Jo Iimura

Jo Iimura (飯村 穣, Iimura Jō, 20 May 1888 – 21 February 1976) was a general in the Imperial Japanese Army in the Pacific War.

## Biography

A native of Ibaraki prefecture, Iimura graduated from the 21st class of the Imperial Japanese Army Academy in 1909, and was assigned to the Imperial Guards 3rd Regiment. Simultaneously, he also attended class work at the Tokyo University of Foreign Studies, graduating in March 1917 with a degree in French. He then entered the 33rd class of the Army Staff College, emerging in 1919 as a captain in the infantry. After a short assignment with the Chosen Army in Korea and as an instructor at the Army Staff College, he was promoted to lieutenant colonel and assigned as military attaché to Turkey. during his time as military attache in Turkey he criticized Turkish General staff's lectures on Russo-Japanese War and sent a memo about inaccuracies in their published works. In return Turkish General Staff requested him to hold lectures about Russo-Japanese war in Ankara
After Iimura returned to Japan, he was promoted to colonel in August 1932 and served in various staff positions within the Imperial Japanese Army General Staff. He was given a field position as commander of the IJA 61st Infantry Regiment in March 1935.
With the start of the Second Sino-Japanese War, Iimura was promoted in March 1937 to major general. He was Commandant of the Army Staff College from 1938–1939, and transferred to Manchukuo to become Chief of Staff of the Kwantung Army from 1939-1940. He subsequently became commander in chief of the IJA 5th Army in Manchukuo from 1941-1943. Iijuma was recalled to Japan in 1943 to resume his position as Commandant of the Army Staff College, but with the situation continuing to deteriorate for the Japanese in the southern front of the Pacific War, he was reassigned to a combat command as Chief of Staff of the Southern Army in 1944, and Commander in Chief of the depleted 2nd Area Army, based in Manchukuo from 1944-1945. He returned to Japan shortly before the end of the war to assume command of the Tokyo Defense Army and Tokyo Divisional District in anticipation of the American invasion of the Japanese home islands. He was appointed Provost Marshal immediately before the end of the war in 1945.
# Duurstede Castle

Castle Duurstede (Dutch: Kasteel Duurstede) is a medieval castle in Wijk bij Duurstede in the province of Utrecht in the Netherlands.

## Origin and development

The castle originated in the 13th century. Around 1270, Zweder I van Zuylen van Abcoude built a freestanding keep on a raised and moated site near the lost city Dorestad. Until the beginning of the 15th century Duurstede Castle was in possession by the Van Zuylen van Abcoude family, until they were forced to sell it to the bishops of Utrecht in 1449.
Bishop David of Burgundy, who reigned from 1459 to 1496, completely rebuilt the castle. The old donjon was enclosed by new buildings. The still intact burgundian tower was also built around this time. His successors Frederick IV of Baden and Philip of Burgundy also used the castle as their residence, and Philip of Burgundy embellished the castle with renaissance features. Philip of Burgundy settled at Duurstede Castle when he became bishop of Utrecht in 1517. He was accompanied by his court painter Mabuse (Jan Gossaert), who helped to decorate the new palace of his master. At Philip's death, in 1524, Mabuse designed and erected his tomb in the church of Wijk bij Duurstede. After Philip's death, Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor confiscated all territorial possessions of the bishopric of Utrecht, including Duurstede Castle.

## Later years

In 1580, as a result of the Dutch Revolt, the castle fell into the hands of the States of Utrecht. The states, however, invested their money into building modern fortification around Wijk bij Duurstede, and as a result the castle fell into neglect. Further damage was done when French troops devastated Wijk by Duurstede in 1672, after which the townspeople used stone from the castle to rebuild their homes.
In 1852 the town council became owner of the castle and turned the surrounding fortifications into a park. Until 1925 the castle could only be reached by a little ferry.

### The Donjon

The old donjon built by Zweder van Abcoude in the 13th century has withstood the passage of time reasonably well, and is an excellent example of medieval towers. The walls are 2.5 metres thick; the original entrance was at the second level and could only be reached with a wooden ladder that could be removed or destroyed in times of need.

### The Burgundian Tower

One of the corner towers of the old castle was expanded in the 15th century into its current form. While the rest of the castle had a more residential purpose, the Burgundian tower obviously had a military purpose. It is more than 40 metres high, and has very thick walls.

## Film and TV

Castle Duurstede was used in the following films and TV-shows:
* Bassie en Adriaan
* De Diamant
* Het Monster van Toth in 1999, a Telekids film with leading roles for Carlo Boszhard and Irene Moors
* The interior shots as Spanish castle for De Club van Sinterklaas & Paniek in de Confettifabriek (2006)
* Lady Death: The Motion Picture
# Abu Shakar

Abu Shakar (Persian: ابوشكر, also Romanized as Abū Shakar) is a village in Minubar Rural District, Arvandkenar District, Abadan County, Khuzestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 872, in 183 families.
# Bronze art

Bronze art is art made in bronze, and often brass. It may refer to:
* Bronze sculpture
* Art in bronze and brass, mostly covering small and applied art pieces
# Juminda Lighthouse

Juminda Lighthouse (Estonian: Juminda tuletorn) is a lighthouse at the northern tip of the Juminda Peninsula, Kuusalu Parish, in the region of Harju, Estonia. It is located in the Lahemaa National Park.
The lighthouse was built in 1937. It is a circular concrete tower with a lantern and double gallery. The upper portion of the lighthouse is painted red, the lower is painted white. Prior to 2006, the lighthouse had a height of 24 metres, the red portion at the top was added in 2006. The lighthouse has a glare configuration of: 3 s on, 2 s off, 3 s on, and 7 s off.
# Golestan Rural District (Galikash County)

Golestan Rural District (Persian: دهستان گلستان) is in Loveh District of Galikash County, Golestan province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Tangrah.

## History

In 2009, Galikash District was separated from Minudasht County in the establishment of Galikash County, and Golestan Rural District was created in the new Loveh District.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2011 National Census, the rural district's population was 3,930 in 1,045 households. The 2016 census measured the population of the rural district as 4,002 in 1,138 households. The most populous of its eight villages was Tarjanli, with 1,343 people.
# Kuh-e Sefid, Razavi Khorasan

Kuh-e Sefid (Persian: كوه سفيد, also Romanized as Kūh-e Sefīd and Kūh Sefīd) is a village in Bakharz Rural District, in the Central District of Bakharz County, Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 919, in 183 families.
# Gelal, Kermanshah

Gelal (Persian: گلال, also Romanized as Gelāl) is a village in Howli Rural District, in the Central District of Paveh County, Kermanshah Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 728, in 164 families.
# Pahnaji

Pahnaji (Persian: پهناجي, also Romanized as Pahnājī; also known as Pahn Ḩājī and Pahn Ḩājjī) is a village in Kiakola Rural District, in the Central District of Simorgh County, Mazandaran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 188, in 55 families.
# Pyotr Chistyakov

Pyotr Yegorovich Chistyakov (Russian: Пётр Егорович Чистяков, 1790 – 21 January 1862) was a Russian explorer, chief manager of the Russian-American Company and admiral.
Chistyakov joined the Sea Cadet Corps in 1802 and later served in the Russo-Turkish War (1806–12). He was appointed as the administrator of the Russian-American Company in 1825. He "was a hard-working, poor but honest man" who "lacked the vision for Alaska", was nonetheless "able administrator who followed the letter of the law..." Chistiakov introduced foxes to the Rat and Andreanof Islands, where Aleuts harvested them seasonally for the company. He advised the company board to begin whaling operations under an experienced whaler, a measure later enacted under his successor. While directing the company affairs, Chistyakov refused to allow an American missionary to proselytize outside New Archangel to neighboring Tlingit. Ferdinand von Wrangel was appointed as Chistyakov's replacement in 1830.
Chistyakov departed from New Archangel on 28 April 1831, leaving behind his Native Creole mistress, Matrena Fedorovna Artemev, two sons and a daughter. While the company purchased a residency in the Russian American capital, Chistyakov never arranged for them to reside in Russia with him. While back in the Russian Empire, Chistyakov continued his career in the Imperial Navy, eventually reaching the rank of admiral on 25 August 1856.