OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Brandeis International Business School

Brandeis International Business School is part of Brandeis University, located in Waltham, Massachusetts. Brandeis International Business School offers graduate and undergraduate degree programs in business, finance and economics, with over 3,000 alumni in over 100 countries. Peter Petri founded the school, and Bruce R. Magid served as dean of the school from 2007 to 2016, with Peter Petri serving as interim dean from 2016 to 2018. Kathryn Graddy was appointed dean in 2018.

## History

Brandeis University, the parent institution of Brandeis International Business School, was founded in 1948. Brandeis International Business School was first established as the Graduate School of International Economics and Finance (GSIEF), reflecting increased student enrollment in economics and finance courses, and the creation of the PhD in International Economics and Finance in 1994. In 1998, the MBA and Master of Science in Finance (MSF) programs were added, broadening the scope of the school's teaching and research.
The school was renamed Brandeis International Business School in 2003 to reflect this broader expertise and the increasing focus on international and global business. In 2010, Brandeis University introduced a business major and minor, through which undergraduates are able to take graduate classes in management and international finance at Brandeis International Business School. In 2017, the school introduced an Accelerated Master's program in economics and finance.

## Academics

The school focuses on teaching business, finance and economics.

## Global Focus

Study Abroad
For one semester during the spring or fall, students have the option to study abroad in one of 19 universities in 16 different countries.
Some Global Partner Universities include:
* European Business School (Oestrich-Winkel, Germany)
* EADA (Barcelona, Spain)
* ESSEC (Cergy-Pontoise, France)
* Instituto Tecnológico Autónomo de México (Mexico City, Mexico)
* University of Maastricht (Maatricht, Netherlands)
* University of Cape Town (Cape Town, South Africa)
* Universidad de Chile - FEN (Santiago, Chile)
* Tel Aviv University (Tel Aviv, Israel)
* Waseda University (Tokyo, Japan)
* Yonsei University (Seoul, Korea)
# Tomaszówka, Lipsko County

Tomaszówka is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Lipsko, within Lipsko County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately 5 kilometres (3 mi) south of Lipsko and 131 km (81 mi) south of Warsaw.
# Kantilal L. Kalani

Kantilal L. Kalani (1930–1998) was an Indian philosopher and writer in Gujarati literature. He is best known for translating the Tirukkural into Gujarati.

## Biography

Kantilal Kalani worked with the United States Information Service as head of the Department of Gujarati for 25 years. He wrote over 65 books in Gujarati on philosophy and spiritual knowledge. In 1971, he translated the ancient Tamil moral literature of the Tirukkural into Gujarati, which was published in Bombay.

## Works

* Hasatamramatam Hari Malya (1992), published by Gurjara Grantharatna Karyalaya
* Song of the Soul (with Indravadan C. Shah)
* Jivansanket (Gujarati edition)
* Atmabodhana
* Santa Tukarama Antarangano Asvada
* Anantarabhayo Ujasa
* Upanishadonum Acamana
* Amrtanum Acamana: Urdhva Darsana
* Brahmasukhano Anubhava
* Romaromamam Diva
* Atmadipa
* Jivanani Mavajata
* Mahabharat
# Hanil Cement

Hanil Cement Co, Ltd. Korean: 한일시멘트(Hanja: 韓一-) is a cement, concrete and chemical company headquartered in Seoul, Korea, established in 1961. It produces portland cement products and cement under the brand Remital.

## History

Huh Chae-kyung founded Hanil Cement Co. in 1961, as the second oldest cement company in South Korea.

## Acquisition of Hyundai Cement

In 2007, a consortium of Hanil Cement and LK Investment Partners acquired a controlling stake of 84.56 percent stake or 14.17 million shares of Hyundai Cement from 32 creditors The two companies formed HLK Holdings, a special purpose company, to acquire the shares.

## Price Fixing

South Korea's Fair Trade Commission (FTC) fined Hanil Cement with 44.6 billion won which has colluded to rig the prices of cement products by controlling output and market share in 2011.

## Price Manipulation Investigation

In July 2020, the special judicial police squad of the Financial Supervisory Service (FSS) of South Korea raided the headquarters of Hanil Cement and the house of Huh Gi-ho, co-chief executive of Hanil Holdings Co. The FSS charged that for the merger of Hanil Holdings' daughter company, HLK Holdings and Hanil Cement, Hanil Holdings and Mr. Huh Gi-ho leveraged insider information to manipulate the stock prices in order to gain the greater control of the combined company.
# Stepan Kutorga

Stepan Semyonovich Kutorga (Russian: Степан Семёнович Куторга; 12 February 1805 – 25 April 1861) was a Russian naturalist, zoologist and mineralogist who worked as a professor at the Saint Petersburg Imperial University.
Kutorga was born in Mstislav, Mogilev Governorate, son of Semyon Martynovich Kutorga, and received his early education at home. He went to the Saint Petersburg Provincial Gymnasium and later to the Third Saint Petersburg Gymnasium [ru]. After graduating in 1827 he joined the Saint Petersburg University from where he was sent to Imperial Dorpat University [ru]. He studied medicine and received a doctor of medicine degree in 1832 with a dissertation "De organis vocis psittaci erytaci" ["the voice organs of the African grey parrot"]. In 1833 he obtained the chair of zoology at Saint Petersburg University, and from 1848 he also taught mineralogy. He published several works on anatomy and was a popularizer of natural history. In 1860 he was among the first Russians to favourably comment on Charles Darwin's ideas on evolution. In 1852 he helped produce a geological map of Saint Petersburg for which he received a Demidov Prize and a Konstantinovsky Medal [ru]. After his death, he was succeeded in his position at the university by his student Karl Kessler.
# George Best (chronicler)

George Best (1555–1584) was a member of the second and third Martin Frobisher voyages in positions of importance; as Frobisher's lieutenant on the second and as captain of the Anne Francis on the third. In 1578 he published A True Discourse of the Late Voyages of Discoverie.

## Life

He was the son of Robert Best, an interpreter for the Muscovy Company, and Anne Bowman, and the brother of the sea captain Thomas Best, and Henry who may have been involved in works based on the True Discourse. Sir Christopher Hatton as backer nominated Best to take part in one of the Frobisher voyages.
Best was killed in a duel with Oliver St. John, later Lord Deputy of Ireland, around March 1584. The precise motive for the duel is unclear, but it was most likely provoked by the bad-tempered St. John, who called himself "the child of wrath".

## Works

The True Discourse discussed the First Frobisher Voyage, in which Best did not participate, as well as the other two (1577 and 1578) where he was an eye-witness. It appeared in the exploration collection of Richard Hakluyt. Later, in reprinting the material, Hakluyt removed some passages, in particular one suggesting that the aim of the exploration was prospecting for minerals, rather than the North-West Passage.
# Meydancık, Baskil

Meydancık (Kurdish: Bezkan) is a village in the Baskil District of Elazığ Province in Turkey. The village is populated by Kurds of the Parçikan tribe and had a population of 39 in 2021.
# Deh Now, Kangavar

Deh Now (Persian: ده نو, also Romanized as Dehnow) is a village in Qazvineh Rural District, in the Central District of Kangavar County, Kermanshah Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 163, in 47 families.
# Romanian Carpathians

The Romanian Carpathians (Romanian: Carpații românești) are a section of the Carpathian Mountains, within the borders of modern Romania. The Carpathians are a "subsystem" of the Alps-Himalaya System and are further divided into "provinces" and "subprovinces".
This is an overview of the geological subdivisions of the Romanian section of the Carpathian Mountains. The broadest divisions are shown in the map on the right. The last level of the division, i.e. the actual mountain ranges and basins, is usually called "units". The lowest-level detail for those units is maintained on separate pages.

## Naming conventions

Traditional Romanian naming conventions differ from this list. In Romania, it is usual to divide the Eastern Carpathians in Romanian territory into three geographical groups (North, Centre, South), instead in Outer and Inner Eastern Carpathians.
The Transylvanian Plateau is encircled by, and geologically a part of, the Carpathians, but it is not a mountainous region and its inclusion is disputed in some sources. Its features are included below.
The Outer Carpathian Depressions lay outside the broad arc of the entire formation and are usually listed as part of the individual divisions of the Carpathian Mountains, i.e. of Western Carpathians, Eastern Carpathians etc.

## Romanian divisions

The Romanian Carpathians chain is classified, according to the geomorphological and geological differences, into three major morphotectonic units:
* Eastern Romanian Carpathians (Carpații Orientali) - with 3 main groups subdivided into 40 mountain groups
* Southern Carpathians (Carpații Meridionali) - with 4 main groups subdivided into 24 mountain groups
* Western Romanian Carpathians (Carpații Occidentali Românești) - with 3 main groups subdivided into 18 mountain groups

### Eastern Romanian Carpathians
#### Romanian classification

The Eastern Carpathians are divided into three geographical groups; the Romanian approach is shown by adding the following abbreviations to the names of units within Romania:
* MMB = Maramureș-Bukovinian Carpathians (Munții Carpați ai Maramureșului și Bucovinei) (North group)
* MMT = Moldavian-Transylvanian Carpathians (Munții Carpați Moldo-Transilvani) (Centre group)
* MC = Curvature Carpathians (Munții Carpați de Curbură) (South group)

#### Other classification

* Outer Eastern Carpathians
** Moldavian-Muntenian Carpathians
* Inner Eastern Carpathians
** "Volcanic Ridge" (the Romanian portion of the Vihorlat-Gutin Area group)
** Bistrița Mountains
** Căliman-Harghita Mountains
** Giurgeu-Brașov Depression

### Southern Romanian Carpathians

* Bucegi Mountains Group
* Făgăraș Mountains group
* Parâng Mountains group
* Retezat-Godeanu Mountains group

### Western Romanian Carpathians

* Apuseni Mountains
* Poiana Ruscă Mountains
* Banat Mountains
# Thomas Zimmerman

Thomas Cadwallader Zimmerman (January 23, 1838 – November 13, 1914) was a Pennsylvania German writer and translator, notable for his translations of English language classics into the Pennsylvania German dialect. He was also the editor of the Reading Times newspaper in Reading, Berks County, Pennsylvania.

## Life and career

Zimmerman was born in Lebanon County, Pennsylvania in 1838. There he attended public school until he was thirteen years old, and was apprenticed as a printer with the Lebanon Courier. Upon completion of his apprenticeship, he went to Philadelphia to work at The Philadelphia Inquirer. In 1856, he became a journeyman printer with the Berks and Schuylkill Journal. He relocated to Columbia, South Carolina in 1859, and returned to the Reading area at the outset of the American Civil War, where in 1863 he enlisted in Company C of the 42nd Regiment of Pennsylvania Volunteers. Although he is sometimes referred to as "Colonel," he saw no active service during the war. On June 11, 1867 he married Tamsie T. Kauffman of Reading. By 1897, he was the president of the Reading Times Publishing Company and editor of the Reading Times newspaper. In 1903, a volume titled Olla Podrida was published of his translations. In 1904, he was awarded a Doctor of Humane Letters degree from Muhlenberg College in Allentown, Pennsylvania. Zimmerman retired from his newspaper career in October, 1908.
Zimmerman was quite active in public life. He was trustee of the Board of the State Asylum at Wernersville, director of the Reading Free Public Library, president of the Pennsylvania Association of Superintendents and Trustees of Insane Asylums and vice-president of the Pennsylvania Chautauqua Association. He was one of the founders of the Pennsylvania German Society, and of the Historical Society of Berks County.
Zimmerman died in Reading, Pennsylvania in 1914.

## Translations

Zimmerman specialized in the translation of German poetry into English and of English language classics into the Pennsylvania German dialect, which, during his lifetime, was spoken by a significant percentage of the population in the area where he lived and worked. Because of his association with the Reading Times, in which his translations were regularly published, he was able to reach a large number of readers in the Berks County region.
His most notable translations included Clement C. Moores' "Twas the Night Before Christmas", Martin Luther's "Ein feste Burg ist unser Gott" ("A Mighty Fortress Is Our God)" and Friedrich Schiller's "Die Glocke" ("Song of the Bell").

## Publications

* Olla Podrida (1903)
# Toporów, Masovian Voivodeship

Toporów is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Łosice, within Łosice County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately 6 kilometres (4 mi) east of Łosice and 122 km (76 mi) east of Warsaw.
# V. P. Sivakumar

Vazhappilliyil Padmanabhan Nair Sivakumar (1947–1993), commonly identified as V. P. Sivakumar, was an Indian writer and translator, known for bringing in a new sensibility in Malayalam literature through his short stories. Besides four short story anthologies, he published a compilation of satirical articles and translated several works of Jorge Luis Borges and Eugène Ionesco into Malayalam.

## Biography

V. P. Sivakumar was born on 15 May 1947 at Mavelikkara, in Alappuzha district of the south Indian state of Kerala to Pozharamath Padmanabhan Nair and Thekke Vazhappilliyil Janaki Amma. After completing his schooling in Pandalam and Mavelikkara, he joined St. Berchmans College to earn a graduate degree from the University of Kerala. Subsequently, he started his career in 1966 by joining the telephones department but his stay there was short as he was terminated from service for participating in a workers' strike. He utilised this opportunity to study further and after securing a master's degree in Malayalam with first rank, he worked as a lecturer in various government colleges in Kerala.
Sivakumar was married to Geetha and the couple had two sons. He died on 27 July 1993, at the age of 46, succumbing to cancer.

## Legacy and honours

Sivakumar's body of work comprises four short story anthologies, starting with the 1979 publication, Thiruvithamkoor Kathakal, followed by Karayogam Otta and V. P. Sivakumarinte Kathakal. He also published Thalasthanathe Hanuman, a compilation of some of his satirical articles. Borges Kathakal is an anthology of short stories of Jorge Luis Borges, translated into Malayalam by Sivakumar. Three plays of Eugene Ionesco were also translated by him. His writings have been subjected to study by several critics and V. P. Sivakumar, written by D. Pradeep Kumar, is one among them. Smarana (Remembrances), is a festschrift published on him in 2003. A literary award, V. P. Sivakumar Memorial Keli Award, has been instituted in his honour and the recipients of the award include K. R. Meera, Subhash Chandran, S. Hareesh and Ambikasuthan Mangad.
# Henriette May

Henriette May née Lövinson (1862–1928) was a German Jewish women's activist and educator. She is remembered, together with Bertha Pappenheim and Sidonie Werner, as a co-founder of Germany's League of Jewish Women in 1904.

## Biography

Born in Berlin on 25 March 1862, she attended a teacher training seminary, after which she taught in Berlin and London. On 15 June 1904, together with Bertha Pappenheim and Sidonie Werner, in connection with an international women's congress in Berlin, she was a co-founder of the League of German Women. She served as a board member, promoting the protection of women and children and fighting against their trafficking. She went on to establish homes for orphaned children from the pogroms.
In 1923, she attended the First World Congress of Jewish Women in Vienna, reporting on the assistance provided to women and orphaned children by the Hilfsverein der deutschen Juden(Relief Organization of German Jews).
May was a leading member of various welfare institutions, especially those providing shelter for the homeless, for assisting German Jews, and for providing support to Jewish women and children. She was the first woman to serve on the board of the Central Verein Deutscher Staatsbürger Jüdischen Glaubens (Central Union of German Citizens of the Jewish Faith), which she co-founded in 1918.
Henriette May died in Berlin on 14 May 1928.
# Mir Abdoli

Mir Abdoli (Persian: ميرعبدلي) may refer to:
* Mir Abdoli-ye Olya
* Mir Abdoli-ye Sofla
* Mir Abdoli-ye Zarrin Choqa
# Novy Ropsk

Novy Ropsk (Russian: Новый Ропск) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative center of Novoropskoye Rural Settlement, Klimovsky District, Bryansk Oblast, Russia. The population was 1,293 as of 2010. There are 27 streets.

## Geography

Novy Ropsk is located 14 km southeast of Klimovo (the district's administrative centre) by road. Stary Ropsk is the nearest rural locality.
# Moskva, Tver Oblast

56°55′05″N 32°09′49″E﻿ / ﻿56.91806°N 32.16361°E﻿ / 56.91806; 32.16361
Moskva (Russian: Москва́) is a village in Penovsky District of Tver Oblast, Russia, located on the shore of Ordonikolskoye Lake.
In 1859, the village was a part of Ostashkovsky Uyezd of Tver Governorate and had a population of 48 (23 males and 25 females) comprising five households.
# Topór, Mińsk County

Topór is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Mrozy, within Mińsk County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately 10 kilometres (6 mi) east of Mrozy, 26 km (16 mi) east of Mińsk Mazowiecki, and 65 km (40 mi) east of Warsaw.
# Vladimir Churilovski

Vladimir Nikolaevich Churilovski (Russian: Владимир Николаевич Чуриловский; 25 May 1898 in Saint Petersburg – 11 November 1983) was a professor and one of the founders of the Pedagogical School of Applied and Computational Optics. He was a major contributor to Russian science and was awarded with the Order of the Red Star, Order of the Red Banner, among other honors. He was the first dean of the ITMO Department of Optics.

## Biography

Vladimir Churlovski was born in 1898 into the family of a printing house worker. Churlovski entered the St. Petersburg State University of Communication, but had to leave in his third year as he was not able to pay for his education. After the 1917 Russian Revolution, Churlovski gained admission to the College of Precise Mechanics and Optics. He graduated from the college in 1925 and started his science career. He managed to become the head of the Optical Design Department. At the same time, he was studying a course about the theoretical aspects of optical instrument design in the College of Precise Mechanics and Optics. In 1925 The College of Precise Mechanics and Optics became the Institute for Precise Mechanics and Optics. Churilovski was elected dean and kept this position for 12 years. In 1935 Churlovski became a professor within the Optical Apparatus department. In 1947 he received his doctorate. In 1953 he left his position of dean due to health problems, but continued teaching for 16 years. In 1966 Churlovski was awarded the degree of Honoured Master of Sciences and Engineering. In 1969 Churlovski officially retired, but continued consulting colleagues and only completely retired at the age of 83. Churilovski died in 1983, at the age of 85.

## Work

Vladimir Churilovski patented over 50 devices and was an author of more than 200 papers. His most well known works were devoted to high order chromatic aberrations and prism system chromaticism.
# Eshaqabad, Isfahan

Eshaqabad (Persian: اسحق اباد, also Romanized as Esḩāqābād) is a village in Neyasar Rural District, Neyasar District, Kashan County, Isfahan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 303, in 93 families.
# Bitkine

Bitkine (Arabic: بتكين) is a small city and sub-prefecture in the center of Chad. The city is the chef-lieu of the Abtouyour department, in Guéra Region.

## Demographics

Ethnic composition by canton in 2016:
Djonkor Canton (population: 17,462; villages: 24):
| Ethnic group | Linguistic affiliation | Percentage |
| Jaya | Bagirmi | 60 |
| Arab | Semitic | 30 |
| Kenga | Bagirmi | 10 |
Kenga Canton (population: 78,236; villages: 70):
| Ethnic group | Linguistic affiliation | Percentage |
| Kenga | Bagirmi | 95 |
| Arab | Semitic | 4 |
| Borno | Saharan | 1 |
Arabe Imar Canton (population: 17,565; villages: 100):
| Ethnic group | Linguistic affiliation | Percentage |
| Arab | Semitic | 90 |
| Dangléat | East Chadic | 6 |
| Bidio | East Chadic | 4 |
# Charles Turner

Charles or Charlie Turner may refer to:

## Politicians
### American

* Charles E. Turner (politician) (1886–1936), American real estate developer and mayor of Dallas, Texas
* Charles H. Turner (attorney) (1936–2018), U.S. Attorney for Oregon
* Charles Henry Turner (U.S. representative) (1861–1913), U.S. representative from New York
* Charles W. Turner (attorney) (1846–1907), Adjutant General of Montana
* Charles Turner Jr. (1760–1839), U.S. Representative from Massachusetts
* Chuck Turner (1941–2019), Boston councilor

### British

* Charles Turner (MP) (1803–1875), MP for Liverpool, South Lancashire and South West Lancashire
* Sir Charles Turner, 1st Baronet, of Warham (1666–1738), British Member of Parliament for King's Lynn, 1695–1738
* Sir Charles Turner, 1st Baronet, of Kirkleatham (c. 1727–1783), British Member of Parliament for York, 1768–1783
* Sir Charles Turner, 2nd Baronet (1773–1810), British Member of Parliament for Hull, 1796–1802

### Canadian

* Charles Turner (Canadian politician) (1916–1993), Liberal MP for London East, then Senator from Ontario

## Arts

* Charles Henry Turner (painter) (1848–1908), American painter
* Charles Yardley Turner (1850–1918), American painter
* Charles Turner (engraver) (1774–1857), English engraver
* Charles Tennyson Turner (1808–1879), British poet
* Charles Turner (English composer) (1907–1977), minor English composer, who took the last pre-war photographs of Hitler
* Charles Turner (musician) (1936–2006), American jazz trumpeter

## Sciences

* Charles E. Turner (botanist) (1945–1997), American botanist
* Charles Henry Turner (zoologist) (1867–1923), American zoologist, early pioneer in the field of insect behavior
* Charles Turner (engineer) (1901–1994), New Zealand mechanical and civil engineer, engineering administrator and consultant

## Sports

* Charles Turner (Australian cricketer) (1862–1944), Australian cricketer
* Charles Turner (English cricketer) (1862–1926), English cricketer
* Charles Turner III (born 2001), American football player
* Charley Turner (1862–1913), African American boxer
* Charles Turner (water polo) (born 1953), Australian water polo player in the 1980 and 1984 Olympics
* Charlie Turner (Canadian football) (1944–2024), American football player in the CFL
* Charlie Turner (footballer) (born 1910, date of death unknown), Irish association footballer

## Other people

* Charles Turner (British Army officer) (died 1826), British soldier and colonial administrator
* Charles W. Turner (Medal of Honor) (1921–1950), American soldier and Medal of Honor recipient
* Charles Turner (bishop) (1842–1923), suffragan Bishop of Islington
* Charles Turner (merchant) (1773?–1856), British businessman, now known as a collector and gardener
* Charles Arthur Turner (1833–1907), British jurist
# Cham Kharnub

Cham Kharnub (Persian: چم خرنوب, also Romanized as Cham Kharnūb and Cham-e Kharnūb; also known as Cham-e Kharkāb and Cham Karnub) is a village in Cham Khalaf-e Isa Rural District, Cham Khalaf-e Isa District, Hendijan County, Khuzestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 38, in 9 families.