OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Arkhip Bogolyubov

Aleksei Stepanovich Emelyanov (Russian: Алексей Степанович Емельянов; 14 March [O.S. 2 March] 1854 – after January 1887), also known by the pseudonym Arkhip Petrovich Bogolyubov (Russian: Архип Петрович Боголюбов) was a Russian revolutionary whose brutal treatment was used as an example to deter others in the 1880s.

## Career

While he was at university Bogolyubov decided to go to the people, and spent several months trying to radicalise peasants around Taganrog, and Rostov-on-Don, in south Russia. On 6 December 1876, he was arrested during a student demonstration in Kazan Square, St-Petersburg. According to contemporary accounts, he was not one of the organisers of the demonstration, did not take any part, but arrived after the meeting had been forcibly dispersed by the police. The experienced revolutionaries had collectively decided that they should not expose themselves to arrest by demonstrating, and according to what Bogolyubov later told a fellow prisoner, "to avoid temptation, at the time of the demonstration I had gone to take part in other activities, namely to practise firearms." But the police believed he was one of the students involved in a fight that broke out after the demonstration, and he was sentenced to fifteen years hard labour.

## In Prison

In July 1877, Bogolyubov was being held in the Preventative Detention Centre in St Petersburg, along with dozens of political prisoners who would appear as defendants in the Trial of the 193, and was exercising in a prison yard during a visit by Fyodor Trepov, the governor general of St Petersburg. Trepov was enraged when Bogolyubov failed to take off his cap, and knocked it off his head, setting off a loud and violent protest by prisoners watching from their cells. Trepov ordered that Bogolyubov was to be flogged. The flogging was carried out three hours later. This was the first flogging in the 19th century to be inflicted on a member of the Russian intelligentsia, and was so violent that it drove him insane. According to a contemporary account, he was kept in prison, under the same conditions as other prisoners, although:
   (he) had a fixed idea that everybody about him was in a conspiracy to take his life. Yet he was compelled to be shaved, just as others were. When the barber came to perform his office, the poor wretch screamed with terror and resisted with the fury of despair. But it was of no use. The wardens throttled and pinioned him and he was shaved whether he would or no.
In retaliation, Bogolyubov's old comrades in south Russia organised a squad of six men to assassinate Trepov. They were beaten to it by Vera Zasulich, who shot and wounded him in his office on 24 January 1878. This act was the start of the wave of political violence that culminated in the assassination of the Tsar Alexander II.
Bogolyubov was transferred to Kharkov central prison, then at the end of 1880, to a psychiatric hospital in Kazan. It is not known when he died, but it was "a few years" after being flogged. He is known to have been alive in January 1887, when he was placed in the care of his father.
# Medical Center Leeuwarden

The Medical Center Leeuwarden (MCL; Dutch: Medisch Centrum Leeuwarden) is the hospital of the city of Leeuwarden, and the largest non-university hospital in the Netherlands. It is one of the country's major top-clinical centers, offering secondary and tertiary care.
It has 647 beds, and offers all common specialties including pulmonology, cardiovascular surgery and neurosurgery. It is also a teaching hospital for numerous medical specialties, as well as nurses.
A secondary hospital affiliated with the MCL, called MCL-Harlingen, is located in the town of Harlingen. This hospital merged with the MCL because it was too small to prevent closure, unless it merged with another, larger hospital.
# Ruthenium(III) acetylacetonate

Ruthenium(III) acetylacetonate is a coordination complex with the formula Ru(O$_2$C$_5$H$_7$)$_3$. O$_2$C$_5$H$_7$$^−$ is the ligand called acetylacetonate. This compound exists as a dark red solid that is soluble in most organic solvents. It is used as a precursor to other compounds of ruthenium.

## Preparation

In 1914 tris(acetylacetonato)ruthenium(III) was first prepared by the reaction of ruthenium(III) chloride and acetylacetone in the presence of potassium bicarbonate. Since then, alternative synthetic routes have been examined, but the original procedure remains useful with minor variations:
    RuCl$_3$•3H$_2$O + MeCOCH$_2$COMe → Ru(acac)$_3$ + 3 HCl + 3 H$_2$O

## Structure and properties

This compound has idealized D$_3$ symmetry. Six oxygen atoms surround the central ruthenium atom in an octahedral arrangement. The average Ru-O bond length in Ru(acac)$_3$ is 2.00 Å. Because Ru(acac)$_3$ is low spin, there is one unpaired d electron, causing this compound to be paramagnetic. Ru(acac)$_3$ has a magnetic susceptibility, χ$_M$, of 3.032×10$^{−6}$ cm$^3$/mol with an effective magnetic moment, μ$_{eff}$, of 1.66 μ$_B$. As a solution in dimethylformamide, the compound oxidizes at 0.593 and reduces at -1.223 V vs the ferrocene/ferrocenium couple.
Reduction of Ru(acac)$_3$ in the presence of alkenes affords the related diolefin complexes. Typically, such reactions are conducted with zinc amalgam in moist tetrahydrofuran:
    2 Ru(acac)$_3$ + 4 alkene + Zn → 2 Ru(acac)$_2$(alkene)$_2$ + Zn(acac)$_2$
The resulting compounds are rare examples of metal-alkene complexes that reversibly sustain oxidation:
    Ru(acac)$_2$(alkene)$_2$ ⇌ [Ru(acac)$_2$(alkene)$_2$]$^+$ + e$^−$
The complex has been resolved into individual enantiomers by separation of its adduct with dibenzoyltartaric acid.
# NUA

NUA or Nua may refer to:

## Universities

* Nagoya University of Arts, Kitanagoya, Japan
* Nanjing University of the Arts, Nanjing, China
* Norwich University of the Arts, Norwich, UK

## Sports

* Nelson United AFC, a New Zealand soccer club
* Ngaruawahia United AFC, an association football club based in Ngaruawahia, New Zealand
* North Up Alliance, a Dutch football tifosi group associated with AFC Ajax

## Places

* Nua (Rajasthan), a town in India
** Nua railway station
* Nua, American Samoa, a village in Lealataua County, American Samoa

## Other uses

* National Unity Association, a Greek political party
* Nihon Ukulele Association, a Japanese association for ukulele players
* Yuanga language (ISO 639-3 code)
* Nua, a type of house in the vernacular architecture of Sumatra
* Nua, a 2004 album by Marta Roure
* "Nua", a 2003 song by Ana Carolina from Estampado
# Çeyildağ

Çeyildağ (also, Cheyildagh, Chair-Dagh, Cheil’dagh, and Chel’Dagh) is a settlement and municipality in Baku, Azerbaijan. It has a population of 895.
# Edmund Waller (cricketer)

Capt. Edmund Waller (7 December 1838 – 6 February 1871) was an English first-class cricketer and British Army officer.

## Early life and family

Waller was born in December 1838 at Bishop's Tachbrook, Warwickshire, the third son of Church of England reverend Ernest Adolphus Waller and grandson of noted eye surgeon Sir Jonathan Wathen Waller. He was educated at Marlborough College, where he captained the college cricket team.

## Military career

From Marlborough he enlisted in the British Army as an ensign in the 7th Royal Fusiliers, before purchasing the rank of lieutenant in July 1858.
In May 1866, he was promoted to captain.

## Cricket

Waller made a single appearance in first-class cricket for the Gentlemen of Kent against the Gentlemen of Marylebone Cricket Club at Canterbury in 1865. Batting twice in the match, he was dismissed in the Gentlemen of Kent first innings for 16 runs by Henry Arkwright, while in their second innings he was dismissed for 6 runs by the same bowler.

## Personal life

Waller died, unmarried, at Eaton Square in Pimlico on 6 February 1871.
# Kanike

Kanika (Sanskrit: कणिक, romanized: Kaṇika, lit. 'particle') is a Sanskrit and Pali term referring to a particle or a granule. It is often employed in a religious context in Hinduism, to refer to the practice of leaving a morsel of food as prasadam for a deity, which is deemed to be enough of an offering for their satisfaction.
# Mohamed Hassan Maidane

Mohamed Hussein Maidane (Somali: Maxamed Xuseen Maydhane, Arabic: محمد حسين ميدنى) is a Somali politician. He was the Mayor of Borama, the capital and the largest city of Awdal region in Somaliland.

## Career

Maidane is a member of the Peace, Unity, and Development Party (Kulmiye), the ruling political association in the Somaliland region. Maidane was elected as replacement leader on June 24, 2015 by 13 municipal councilors.
* somaliland portal
# Pınarbaşı, İdil

Pınarbaşı (Kurdish: Aynserê, Syriac: Ayn-Sare) is a village in the İdil District of Şırnak Province in Turkey. The village is populated by Kurds of the Hesinan tribe and had a population of 2,916 in 2021. It is the largest village in the district.

## History

Ayn-Sare (today called Pınarbaşı) was historically inhabited by Syriac Orthodox Assyrians. In 1914, the village was inhabited by many Kurdish families and 150 Assyrians in 15 families, according to the Assyro-Chaldean delegation to the Paris Peace Conference. Amidst the Sayfo, a number of Assyrians fled to Azakh after having been warned by a Kurdish woman that their Kurdish neighbours were conspiring to massacre them, whilst those who did not believe her and remained at Ayn-Sare were killed.
# Dot plot (bioinformatics)

In bioinformatics a dot plot is a graphical method for comparing two biological sequences and identifying regions of close similarity after sequence alignment. It is a type of recurrence plot.

## History

One way to visualize the similarity between two protein or nucleic acid sequences is to use a similarity matrix, known as a dot plot. These were introduced by Gibbs and McIntyre in 1970 and are two-dimensional matrices that have the sequences of the proteins being compared along the vertical and horizontal axes. For a simple visual representation of the similarity between two sequences, individual cells in the matrix can be shaded black if residues are identical, so that matching sequence segments appear as runs of diagonal lines across the matrix.

## Interpretation

Some idea of the similarity of the two sequences can be gleaned from the number and length of matching segments shown in the matrix. Identical proteins will obviously have a diagonal line in the center of the matrix. Insertions and deletions between sequences give rise to disruptions in this diagonal. Regions of local similarity or repetitive sequences give rise to further diagonal matches in addition to the central diagonal. One way of reducing this noise is to only shade runs or 'tuples' of residues, e.g. a tuple of 3 corresponds to three residues in a row. This is effective because the probability of matching three residues in a row by chance is much lower than single-residue matches.
Dot plots compare two sequences by organizing one sequence on the x-axis, and another on the y-axis, of a plot. When the residues of both sequences match at the same location on the plot, a dot is drawn at the corresponding position. Note, that the sequences can be written backwards or forwards, however the sequences on both axes must be written in the same direction. Also note, that the direction of the sequences on the axes will determine the direction of the line on the dot plot. Once the dots have been plotted, they will combine to form lines. The closeness of the sequences in similarity will determine how close the diagonal line is to what a graph showing a curve demonstrating a direct relationship is. This relationship is affected by certain sequence features such as frame shifts, direct repeats, and inverted repeats. Frame shifts include insertions, deletions, and mutations. The presence of one of these features, or the presence of multiple features, will cause for multiple lines to be plotted in a various possibility of configurations, depending on the features present in the sequences. A feature that will cause a very different result on the dot plot is the presence of low-complexity region/regions. Low-complexity regions are regions in the sequence with only a few amino acids, which in turn, causes redundancy within that small or limited region. These regions are typically found around the diagonal, and may or may not have a square in the middle of the dot plot.
# Qanat-e Seh

Qanat-e Seh (Persian: قنات سه, also Romanized as Qanāt-e Seh) is a village in Heruz Rural District, Kuhsaran District, Ravar County, Kerman Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 109, in 33 families.
# Rasulov

Rasulov (Uzbek: Rasulov, Russian: Расулов, Azerbaijani: Rəsulov, Tajik: Расулов, Kazakh: Расулов) is an Azeri and Central Asian surname. Its female form is Rasulova. It is a slavicised version of Rasul with addition of the suffix -ov. Notable people with the surname include:
* Abdukhamidullo Rasulov (1961), Uzbek football assistant referee
* Elcan Rasulov (1987), Azerbaijani actor, TV presenter, showman
* Elhan Rasulov (1960), former Soviet and Azerbaijani footballer
* Elshod Rasulov (1986), Uzbek boxer
* Jabbor Rasulov (1913–1982), Soviet diplomat
* Lidiya Khudat Rasulova (1941–2012), Azerbaijani politician
* Luiza Rasulova (born 1995), Uzbek actress and presenter
* Majid Rasulov (1916–1993), Azerbaijani scientist and academician
* Muharram Rasulova (1926–2006), Tajikistani botanist
* Oksana Rasulova (born 1982), Azerbaijani dancer, choreographer and actress
* Vugar Rasulov (1991), Azerbaijani chess Grandmaster
# Poyraz, Gercüş

Poyraz (Kurdish: Berdahol) is a village in the Gercüş District of Batman Province in Turkey. The village is populated by Kurds of the Basiqil tribe and had a population of 53 in 2021.
# Democrat Party of Iran

Iranian Democrat Party or Democrat Party of Iran (DPI; Persian: حزب دموکرات ایران, romanized: Ḥezb-e Demowkrāt-e Irān) was a short-lived political party in Iran, founded in 1946 and led by Ahmad Qavam. It was the most important party formed by the old Qajar nobility, and an association of aristocrats and anti-British radical intellectuals. With the fall of Qavam, it disintegrated in 1948.
The organization tried to give itself the appearance of being the heir of the old Democrat party and was ironically named "Democrat Party of Iran" in contrast to the communist "Democrat Party of Azerbaijan".
The party's ideology was to be nationalist and reformist, but it was organizationally fragile as it was ideologically amorphous. It called for extensive economic, social, and administrative reforms while advocating a revision of the Iranian Armed Forces. It developed an authoritarianist structure and some suspect it planned to create one-party state.
According to Ervand Abrahamian, Qavam had two paradoxical reasons to establish the party, a "double-edged sword directed at the left as well as the right". He intended to defeat royalist and pro-British candidates in the 1947 Iranian legislative election and to use it to "mobilize non-communist reformers, steal the thunder from the left, and hence build a counterbalance to the Tudeh Party".
# Nico Assumpção

Nico Assumpção (Antônio Álvaro Assumpção Neto) (August 13, 1954 – January 20, 2001), was a Brazilian bass player.

## Biography

He was born Antônio Álvaro Assumpção Neto in São Paulo, Brazil, in 1954. His father was a professional bass player, but Nico debuted in music by playing the acoustic guitar at the age of 10, having classes with Paulinho Nogueira. He changed to bass at 16, to fill in the void in a schoolmate's band.
At age of 16, he went to the U.S. to study harmony and orchestration at the University of California. Back in Brazil he went to study at CLAM, with famous Brazilian bassists Luis Chaves and Amilton Godoy. Later, in 1976, he again left Brazil and headed to New York City, willing to study and perform with his instrument at a deeper level. There, he played with several important musicians of the jazz scene, including Wayne Shorter, Pat Metheny, Sadao Watanabe, Larry Coryell, Fred Hersh, Larry Willis, Joe Diorio, John Hicks, Steve Slagle, Victor Lewis, Dom Salvador and Charlie Rouse.
In the US, he mastered various bass playing techniques, being one of the pioneers of fretless and 6-string bass in Brazil when he came back on 1981, the same year in which he released the first bassist solo album in the country, titled "Nico Assumpção". In 1982 he moved to Rio de Janeiro, where he lived for the rest of his life, and turned into one of the most popular bassists of the country among musicians and artists for recording and shows, having played and/or recorded with Milton Nascimento, Caetano Veloso, Gilberto Gil, João Bosco, Maria Bethânia, Edu Lobo, César Camargo Mariano, Toninho Horta, Luiz Avellar, Wauke Wakabaiashi, Marco Pereira, Ricardo Silveira, Nelson Faria, Gal Costa, Hélio Delmiro, Maria Bethânia, Márcio Montarroyos, Raphael Rabello, Léo Gandelman and Victor Biglione, among others.
The bassist died in Rio de Janeiro at age 47, a cancer victim.

## Discography

* Nico Assumpção 1981 Brazil
* Luiz Avellar, Nico Assumpção e Kiko Freitas tocando Victor Assis Brasil 2000 Brazil
* Nico Assumpção, Nelson Faria, Lincoln Cheib Três/Three 2000 Brazil
# Muna Khalif

Muna Khalif Yusef (Somali: Muna Khalif Sheekh Abuu, Arabic: منى خليف), popularly known as Muna Kay, is a Somali-American entrepreneur, fashion designer and legislator. She is the founder and CEO of the Um Lemar brand. Khalif also serves as an MP in the Federal Parliament of Somalia, and she's elected from Southwest region.

## Personal life

Muna Khalif (full name - Muna Khalif Yusef) was born in Somalia. Her family is from the Tunni clan. After the civil war broke out in her place of birth, she and her parents emigrated to the United Kingdom. Khalif studied nutrition at college. She later also took courses in fashion design.

## Career
### Muna Kay

Khalif is the founder and CEO of Um Lemar, an eponymous clothing line that caters to the Islamic market. She established the brand in order to provide young Muslim women with fashionable attire that adheres to prescribed standards of modesty. Khalif later launched Baby Lemar, an infant garment collection named after her son.
As of 2016, the Muna Kay company operates internationally, with retail outlets in North America, East Africa and Dubai. It also has a manufacturing hub in China.
Additionally, Khalif is the president of the Um Lemar Foundation. The philanthropic organization offers help to the disadvantaged, and provides artisanal training and mentorship to women and girls.

### Federal Parliament of Somalia

In November 2016, Khalif presented herself as a candidate for a legislative seat in the Lower House of the Federal Parliament of Somalia. She was elected a representative for the South West State, earning 41 ballots.
An electoral oversight body later called for a reelection on the grounds that Khalif and seven other MPs had not met the ballot threshold. The Supreme Court upheld this ruling. However, the decision was eventually overturned by the Federal Parliament, with the Lower House instead authorizing the incumbency of Khalif and the other lawmakers.
# Sphyraena iburiensis

Sphyraena iburiensis is a relatively recently discovered species of barracuda in the genus Sphyraena only being formally described in 2005. Found in the Eastern Pacific most commonly between southern Japan and Taiwan. They can be differentiated from other species of Barracuda by the number and lay out of their scales and the presence of two distinctive longitudinal stripes. The lower of the two stripes are especially distinct stretching from the snout to the base of the caudal fin just below the lateral line. The species is also known for having a completely transparent membrane on the first dorsal fin.
# Sphyraena intermedia

Sphyraena intermedia commonly known as the intermediate barracuda is a species of barracuda that was only recently discovered in the Gulf of Taranto in the south of Italy. Very similar to the other four species of Barracuda that inhabit the Mediterranean Sea particularly the European barracuda and yellowmouth barracuda. They are distinguished by being intermediate in size between European and Yellowmouth barracudas as well as a few other differences such as different amounts of scales and certain body measurements.
# Alabama Black Belt National Heritage Area

The Alabama Black Belt National Heritage Area is a National Heritage Area encompassing Bibb, Bullock, Butler, Choctaw, Clarke, Conecuh, Dallas, Greene, Hale, Lowndes, Macon, Marengo, Monroe, Montgomery, Perry, Pickens, Sumter, Washington, and Wilcox counties in the Black Belt region of Alabama. The Center for the Study of the Black Belt at the University of West Alabama serves as the local coordinating authority.
The Alabama Black Belt National Heritage Area was designated on January 5, 2023, as part of the National Heritage Area Act of 2022, which created the National Heritage Area System under the National Park Service.

## Landmarks

The Alabama Black Belt National Heritage Area includes several natural landmarks. The entirety of Tuskegee National Forest is located in Macon County, while Talladega National Forest overlaps with part of the heritage area in Bibb, Perry, Hale and Dallas counties. Part of the Bartram Trail runs through the Tuskegee National Forest. The Cahaba River National Wildlife Refuge is located primarily in Bibb, while the Choctaw National Wildlife Refuge is primarily located in Bibb, Conecuh, Monroe and Sumter counties. Bladon Springs, Brierfield Ironworks Historical, Chickasaw, Paul M. Grist and Roland Cooper state parks are all located within the heritage area.
The Alabama Black Belt National Heritage Area includes at least two sites of importance to Native American history in the Moundville Archaeological Site (in Hale County) and the Jere Shine site (in Montgomery County). It also includes several historic landmarks relevant to African-American history in Alabama, including the Tuskegee Institute and Tuskegee Airmen National Historic Sites, as well as Civil Rights-relevant landmarks such as the Selma to Montgomery National Historic Trail (including the Edmund Pettus Bridge), the Dexter Avenue and First Baptist churches and the Brown Chapel A.M.E. Church. In addition, it includes several museums and memorials such as the National Voting Rights Museum, The Legacy Museum, the National Memorial for Peace and Justice, the Freedom Rides Museum, the Rosa Parks Museum, the Freedom Monument Sculpture Park, and the Alabama State University Historic District.
# Pyra, Russia

Pyra (Russian: Пы́ра) is an urban-type settlement in Nizhny Novgorod Oblast, Russia, located 35 km west of Nizhny Novgorod. Administratively, it is under the jurisdiction of the city of Dzerzhinsk. Population: 2,025 (2002 Census); 2,313 (1989 Soviet census).