OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Nicolas Cleynaerts

Nicolas Cleynaerts (Clenardus or Clenard) (5 December 1495 – 1542) was a Flemish grammarian and traveler. He was born in Diest, in the Duchy of Brabant.

## Life

Cleynaerts was a follower of Jan Driedo. Educated at the University of Leuven, he was ordained a priest. He also became a professor of Latin, which he taught by the conversational method.
A desire to read the Koran led him to try to establish a connection between Hebrew and Arabic. These studies resulted in a scheme for proselytism among the Arabs, based on study of the language, which should enable Europeans to combat Islam by peaceful methods. In pursuit of this, he travelled to Spain in 1531, and after teaching Greek and Latin at Salamanca was summoned to the court of Portugal as tutor to Dom Henrique, brother of João III.
He found another patron in Louis Mendoza, marquis of Mondéjar, governor general of Granada. There with the help of a Moorish slave he gained a knowledge of Arabic. He tried in vain to gain access to the Arabic manuscripts in the possession of the Spanish Inquisition, and finally, in 1540, set out for Fez in Morocco to seek information for himself.
Cleynaerts, who as a Christian priest was subject to abuse by the Muslim population, settled in the Jewish quarter of Fez, the mellah, rather than in the Christian funduq for he perceived it safer. Though he also experienced hostility from some in the Jewish community, he formed a number of close friendships with some Jews who tutored him in Arabic and whom he in turn tutored in Latin. Cleynaerts tried in vain to buy Arabic books at the bookstalls which were installed on Fridays by the Great Mosque as he claims that Christians and Jews were not allowed to enter this space. He stayed in Fez until the end of 1541. Then, after fifteen months of privation and suffering he returned to Granada, and died in the autumn of 1542. He was buried in the Alhambra.

## Works

Cleynaerts applied himself to the preparation of manuals of Greek and Hebrew grammar, in order to simplify the difficulties of learners. His Tabulae in grammaticen hebraeam (1529), Institutiones in linguam graecam (1530), and Meditationes graecanicae (1531) appeared at Leuven. The Institutiones and Meditationes passed through a number of editions, and had many commentators. He maintained a principle revived in modern teaching, that the learner should not be puzzled by elaborate rules until he has obtained a working acquaintance with the language.
# Norman Blake and Red Rector

Professional ratings :
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Norman Blake and Red Rector is an album by American guitarist Norman Blake and mandolin player Red Rector, released in 1976.

## Track listing

* "Girl I Left Behind"
* "Denver Belle"
* "Lorena"
* "The Old Spinning Wheel"
* "Mississippi Sawyer"
* "Red Wing"
* "Cricket on the Hearth"
* "Limehouse Blues"
* "The Green Leaves of Spring"
* "Freight Train"
* " Darling Nellie Across the Sea"
* "Darlin' Honey"
# Group for Social Dialogue

The Group for Social Dialogue (Romanian: Grupul pentru Dialog Social, GDS) is a Romanian non-governmental organization whose stated mission is to protect and promote democracy, human rights and civil liberties. It was founded in January 1990 and issues the weekly magazine Revista 22.
On 31 December 1989, The Group for Social Dialogue – with only 15 members – organized a press conference at the InterContinental Bucharest in which participants announced the intentions of the group. Their constitution declaration specified the group’s intentions and the values shared by all the members.
In January 1990, it was the host of the first official visit in Romania of philanthropist George Soros.
The group pursues its goals mainly by engaging in dialogue with various society components, as well as the executive and legislative branches. The GDS is not a political organization, and stresses that it does not intend to become one. However it is noted for its support for the right wing.
They started a political magazine, Revista 22, on 20 January 1990.

## Notable members

* Călin Anastasiu
* Vlad Alexandrescu
* Sorin Alexandrescu
* Gabriela Adameşteanu
* Cătălin Avramescu
* Radu Bercea
* Theodor Baconschi
* Magda Cârneci
* Mariana Celac
* Vitalie Ciobanu
* Adrian Cioroianu
* Eugen Ciurtin
* Andrei Cornea
* Doina Cornea
* Livius Ciocârlie
* Mircea Diaconu
* Smaranda Enache
* Radu Filipescu
* Armand Goşu
* Stere Gulea
* Thomas Kleininger
* Gabriel Liiceanu
* Alexandru Lăzescu
* Monica Macovei
* Mircea Martin
* Horea Murgu
* Andrei Oișteanu
* Marius Oprea
* Anca Oroveanu
* Rodica Palade
* Răsvan Popescu
* Horia Roman Patapievici
* Dan Perjovschi
* Andrei Pleșu
* Cristian Preda
* Victor Rebengiuc
* Mihai Şora
* Ana Şincai
* Ioan Stanomir
* Alin Teodorescu
* Sorin Vieru
* Alexandru Tocilescu
* Vladimir Tismăneanu
* Florin Turcanu
* Ion Vianu
* Şerban Rădulescu Zoner
# Gleek (Super Friends)

Gleek is a fictional character appearing in the animated series Super Friends and its related spin-offs. Gleek is the pet of the alien Wonder Twins, Zan and Jayna. He debuted in The All-New Super Friends Hour, which first aired September 10, 1977. Gleek's vocalizations were provided by Michael Bell, who also voiced Zan.

## Fictional character biography

Gleek is a blue monkey-like alien from the planet Exxor and the pet of Zan and Jayna, the Wonder Twins. Additionally, evil members of his species appear in the Super Friends (1980) episode "Invasion of the Gleeks".

## Powers and abilities

Gleek has a stretchable, flexible tail that allows him to pick up objects and living things, such as bananas or people. He is highly intelligent, capable of understanding spoken English clearly. Gleek can communicate through the use of sign language, acting out scenes, and chattering (an alien monkey-based sound unintelligible to the audience).

## Other versions

* Gleek's first comic book appearance was Super Friends Volume One, Issue #7 (October 1977, DC Comics).
* Gleek appears on a missing poster in Batman: Li'l Gotham.
* Gleek appears in the Teen Titans Go! tie-in comic.
* Gleek appears in Wonder Twins #2 (March 2019).

## In other media

* Gleek makes a cameo appearance in the Harvey Birdman, Attorney at Law episode "Grape Juiced".
* Gleek makes a cameo appearance in the Smallville episode "Idol".
* Gleek makes a cameo appearance in the Batman: The Brave and the Bold episode "The Siege of Starro!".
* Gleek appears in the Robot Chicken episode "Sidekick Elevator".
* Gleek appears in the Adult Swim series The New Adventures of the Wonder Twins.
* Gleek makes a cameo appearance in The Lego Batman Movie.
* Gleek makes a cameo appearance in the Arrowverse crossover Crisis on Infinite Earths.
# The Coon Rolled Down and Ruptured His Larinks, A Squeezed Novel by Mr. Skunk

"The Coon Rolled Down and Ruptured His Larinks, a Squeezed Novel by Mr. Skunk" is a 1990 science fiction novelette by American writer Dafydd ab Hugh.

## Background

The book was originally published in Isaac Asimov's Science Fiction Magazine in August 1990, and subsequently republished in The Year's Best Science Fiction: Eighth Annual Collection (edited by Gardner Dozois), in Best New SF 5 (also edited by Dozois), and in Nebula Awards 26 (edited by James K. Morrow).
The story is set in a post-apocalyptic world where all animals have acquired human-level intelligence and the ability to speak – and all humans have become intellectually disabled.
The title is a reference to the Xhosa language tongue twister, "Iqaqa laziqikaqika kwaze kwaqhawaka uqhoqhoqha" (translated: "The skunk rolled down and ruptured its larynx").

## Reception

The Encyclopedia of Science Fiction describes "The Coon Rolled Down and Ruptured his Larinks, a Squeezed Novel by Mr. Skunk" as 'striking' and compares its 'linguistic invention' to that of Riddley Walker.
In 1991, "Ruptured" was nominated for both the Hugo Award for Best Novelette and the Nebula Award for Best Novelette.
# Vulpe Church

The Vulpe Church (Romanian: Biserica Vulpe) is a Romanian Orthodox church located at 40 Sărăriei Street in Iași, Romania. It is dedicated to the Dormition of the Mother of God and to Anthony the Great.
The first church on this site was made of wood. It burned down in summer 1644, was remade in wood, and devastated by the 1738 Vrancea earthquake and another in 1790. After it burned again in July 1844, it was rebuilt in stone later that year, with funds supplied by vornic Teodor Burada. However, other historians claim the church was built around 1760 by the bragă sellers' guild. According to an 1868 inscription on a cross placed on the altar table and donated by Prince Carol I of Romania, the church had also belonged to the blanket-makers' guild.
Three semi-legendary stories surround the foundation of the first church. One holds that it was established by a great boyar named Vulpe. Another says that a hunter pursued a rare fox (vulpe in Romanian) for a long time, promising he would build a church where he killed it, which he did. A third holds that the blanket-makers built the church, naming it after the material they used in their wares. There was formerly a cemetery in the churchyard, and two of its headstones, now gone, were still visible in the early 20th century. One was heart-shaped and mentioned the Union of the Principalities. Another was square, with a torch in each corner, and commemorated a woman who participated in the Moldavian Revolution of 1848.
The church is listed as a historic monument by Romania's Ministry of Culture and Religious Affairs.
# Migojnice

Migojnice (pronounced) is a village on the right bank of the Savinja River in the Municipality of Žalec in east-central Slovenia. The area is part of the traditional region of Styria. The municipality is now included in the Savinja Statistical Region.

## Name

The village was attested in written sources in 1265–67 as Makoyn, and in 1763–87 as Megoiniz. The origin of the name is unclear, but it may be derived from *Maligojnice (based on the personal name *Maligojь) with syncope of the second syllable (cf. Magozd < *Mal(i) gozd). If so, the name would originally mean 'place where Maligojь's people live'.

## Church

The local church is dedicated to Our Lady of Lourdes (Slovene: Lurška Mati božja) and belongs to the Parish of Griže. It was built between 1888 and 1891.
# Tang Gach

Tang Gach (Persian: تنگگچ) is a village in Ruydar Rural District, Ruydar District, Khamir County, Hormozgan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 120, in 30 families.
# Suxtaqalaqışlaq

Sukhtagalagyshlag - (Azerbaijani: Suxtaqalaqışlaq) is a village and municipality in the Khachmaz District of Azerbaijan. It has a population of 230.
# Kitab al-'Uyun

The Kitab al-'uyun wa'l-hada'iq fi akhbar al-haqa'iq (Arabic: كتاب العيون والحدائق في أخبار الحقائق) is an Arabic chronicle covering Muslim history up to the year 961 AD. The author of the work is anonymous, but the text was likely written in the late eleventh century.
The contents of the Kitab al-'Uyun are organized by the reigns of successive caliphs and are loosely subdivided in an annalistic fashion. Much of the work consists of selections from the histories of al-Tabari, al-Mas'udi, Miskawayh and al-Farghani, but it also includes otherwise lost material from a number of other sources, especially Egyptian and North African authors.
Only the third and fourth volumes of the work survive. The third volume, covering the period from the beginning of the reign of the Umayyad caliph al-Walid (r. 705–715) to the death of the Abbasid caliph al-Mu'tasim (died 842), was published by Michael Jan de Goeje and Pieter de Jong in 1869. The fourth volume, published by Omar Saïdi in 1972, only survives from page 47 on and therefore begins in 870 during the reign of al-Muhtadi (r. 869–870), and continues until 961.
# Mrikanda

Mrikanda (Sanskrit: मृकण्ड, romanized: Mṛkaṇḍa) is a sage in Hindu mythology. He is the husband of Manasvini and the father of Markandeya.

## Legend

In the Vishnu Purana, Mrikanda is described as the son of Vidhatri, a son of Bhrigu and Khyati, and Niyati, one of the two daughters of Meru. Mrikanda becomes the father of the sage Markandeya. The Markandeya Purana names Manasvini as Mrikanda's wife.
Mrikanda is venerated as the founder of weaving, and as a result of the gods' gratitude he was granted two boons--a tiger and a giant. The giant disobeyed Mrikandaʻs orders and was summarily slain, but the tiger was obedient, and thus lived. According to modern Koshta folklore, if a tiger is encountered in the jungle it is enough only to speak Mrikanda's name to prevent oneself from being attacked by it. Mrikanda is still seen as a watchful and protective figure in folklore.
In addition to being the father of modern weaving, he is also venerated as the father of Markandeya, the rishi (sage) who is featured extensively in the Markandeya Purana. According to legend, Mrikanda and his wife Marudmati worshipped Shiva and sought from him the boon of begetting a son. As a result, he was given the choice of either a righteous son, but with a short life on earth or a child of low intelligence but with a long life. Mrikanda chose the former, and was blessed with Markandeya, an exemplary son, who was nevertheless destined to die at the age of 16.

## Sources

* ↑ www.wisdomlib.org (2019-05-01). "The creation of Sages (saptarṣi) [Chapter 11]". www.wisdomlib.org. Retrieved 2023-04-08.
* ↑ Klostermaier, Klaus K. (2014-10-01). A Concise Encyclopedia of Hinduism. Simon and Schuster. p. 123. ISBN 978-1-78074-672-2.
* ↑ Sharma, Vandana. "Mrikanda: The Divine Artisan – Unveiling the Hindu God of Weaving".
* ↑ The Vishnu Purana a System of Hindu Mythology and Tradition Translated from the Original Sanskrit, and Illustrated by Notes Derived Chiefly from Other Puranas by the Late H.H. Wilson: 1. Trubner. 1864. pp. 152–.
* ↑ Books, Kausiki (2021-10-24). Markandeya Purana: English Translation only without Slokas. Kausiki Books. p. 444.
* ↑ Graham Seal; Kim Kennedy White (14 March 2016). Folk Heroes and Heroines around the World, 2nd Edition. ABC-CLIO. pp. 169–. ISBN 978-1-4408-3861-3.
* ↑ A. L. Dallapiccola (November 2003). Hindu Myths. University of Texas Press. pp. 15–. ISBN 978-0-292-70233-2.
* ↑ John Dowson (1888). A Classical Dictionary of Hindu Mythology and Religion, Geography, History, and Literature. Trübner & Company. pp. 203–.
# Boheyr-e Sofla

Boheyr-e Sofla (Persian: بحيرسفلي, also Romanized as Boḩeyr-e Soflá and Boḩeyr-e Soflā; also known as Bohair, Boḩer, and Būḩer) is a village in Mollasani Rural District, in the Central District of Bavi County, Khuzestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 40, in 8 families.
# Greater Kuril Chain

Greater Kuril Chain (Russian: Большая Курильская гряда) - a part of the Kuril Islands - is a group of islands in the Pacific Ocean. It includes North Kurils, Iturup and Kunashir.
At its south western end, the Greater Kuril Chain is separated from the Lesser Kuril Chain by the South Kuril Strait. The maximum altitude in the Greater Kuril Chain is 2339m, on (Atlasov Island).
Length - 1200 km. Total Area - 10,100 km$^2$.
Greater Kuril Chain is part of Sakhalin Oblast of Russia. In the southern group of islands, Iturup and Kunashir are under Russian control, but this is disputed by Japan.
| Name | Area, km² | Maximum height, m | Latitude | Longitude |
| Northern group |||||
| Atlasov Island | 150 | 2339 | 50°52' | 155°34' |
| Shumshu | 388 | 189 | 50°45' | 156°21' |
| Paramushir | 2053 | 1816 | 50°23' | 155°41' |
| Antsiferov Island | 7 | 747 | 50°12' | 154°59' |
| Makanrushi | 49 | 1169 | 49°46' | 154°26' |
| Onekotan | 425 | 1324 | 49°27' | 154°46' |
| Kharimkotan | 68 | 1157 | 49°07' | 154°32' |
| Chirinkotan | 6 | 724 | 48°59' | 153°29' |
| Ekarma | 30 | 1170 | 48°57' | 153°57' |
| Shiashkotan | 122 | 934 | 48°49' | 154°06' |
| Middle group |||||
| Raikoke | 4,6 | 551 | 48°17' | 153°15' |
| Matua (island) | 52 | 1446 | 48°05' | 153°13' |
| Rasshua | 67 | 948 | 47°45' | 153°01' |
| Ushishir | 5 | 388 | — | — |
| Ryponkicha | 1,3 | 121 | 47°32' | 152°50' |
| Yankicha | 3,7 | 388 | 47°31' | 152°49' |
| Ketoy | 73 | 1166 | 47°20' | 152°31' |
| Simushir | 353 | 1539 | 46°58' | 152°00' |
| Broutona | 7 | 800 | 46°43' | 150°44' |
| Chyornye Bratya | 37 | 749 | — | — |
| Chirpoy | 21 | 691 | 46°30' | 150°55' |
| Brat Chirpoyev | 16 | 749 | 46°28' | 150°50' |
| Southern group |||||
| Urup | 1450 | 1426 | 45°54' | 149°59' |
| Iturup | 3200 | 1634 | 45°00' | 147°53' |
| Kunashir | 1490 | 1819 | 44°05' | 145°59' |
# Topçular, Hani

Topçular (Kurdish: Nêribê topalon) is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Hani, Diyarbakır Province in Turkey. It is populated by Kurds and had a population of 673 in 2022.
# Bardaklı, İmranlı

Bardaklı (Kurdish: Heremî) is a village in the İmranlı District of Sivas Province in Turkey. It is populated by Kurds and had a population of 32 in 2023.

## History

Some written information about the village is found in the Avârız registers of 1642. At that time, the settlement, referred to as "Haramlı," was part of the central sub-district of Kuruçay in the Erzurum Province and had 13 Muslim households subject to avârız tax. The village's name was recorded as Harami in the records of 1916.

## Geography

The village is located 123 km from the Sivas city center and 24 km from the İmranlı district center.
# Różanów

Różanów is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wiskitki, within Żyrardów County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.
# Aziouz Raïs

Aziouz Raïs (Arabic: عزيوز رايس; 25 August 1954 – 10 December 2022) was an Algerian chaabi singer. He began performing at marriage celebrations in 1969 and rose to success in the 1990s.
Raïs died from a stroke on 10 December 2022, at the age of 68.
# Albury Racecourse railway station

Albury Racecourse railway station was a railway station on the Main Southern line, serving the racecourse in Albury, New South Wales, Australia. The station opened in 1881 and closed in 1962, and was one of the few racecourse railway stations included in public timetables and maps. The station consisted of a single platform, and little remains of it today.
# Škedenj

Škedenj (pronounced) is a dispersed settlement in the Municipality of Slovenske Konjice in eastern Slovenia. It lies in the hills surrounding the valley of Žičnica Creek, also known as the Valley of Saint John the Baptist (Slovene: dolina svetega Janeza Krstnika) after the church at the Žiče Charterhouse further up the valley dedicated to John the Baptist on the left bank of the Dravinja River. The area is part of the traditional region of Styria. The municipality is now included in the Savinja Statistical Region.
# Labeshka

Labeshka (Persian: لبشكا, also Romanized as Labeshkā; also known as Lishak and Līshkā) is a village in Dehshal Rural District, in the Central District of Astaneh-ye Ashrafiyeh County, Gilan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 143, in 41 families.
# Sudhauwala

Sudhauwala is a suburban locality on the outskirts of Dehradun, the capital of Uttarakhand, India. Though it has witnessed some development in recent years, the area still faces several issues that hinder its overall progress and livability. Once a quieter rural area, Sudhauwala has slowly been transformed into a semi-urban neighborhood, with its rapid growth bringing both benefits and drawbacks to the local community.

## Geography

Sudhauwala lies in the northern part of Dehradun, surrounded by scenic views of the nearby hills and lush greenery typical of the Shivalik Range. The area is well-connected to Dehradun city and other parts of the region through a network of roads, making it easily accessible to residents and visitors. The climate of Sudhauwala is temperate, with cool winters and mild summers, characteristic of the Dehradun valley.

## Social Issues and Challenges

In Sudhauwala, a significant divide exists between the local villagers and the newer, more urbanized residents, leading to social tensions. Many of the locals, including long-time villagers, are often seen as underdeveloped in terms of education, skills, and access to modern infrastructure. This lack of development has sometimes resulted in hostility towards newcomers, particularly businessmen, who are often subjected to threats and intimidation. Local villagers, in some instances, have been known to resort to aggressive tactics to protect their interests or resist changes brought by outside investments.
Additionally, issues with hygiene and sanitation are prevalent in some parts of Sudhowala. Many areas, especially those inhabited by locals, suffer from poor waste management practices, leading to unhygienic living conditions. The absence of proper waste disposal systems and a general disregard for cleanliness have contributed to environmental degradation and public health concerns in the region. These challenges, combined with the lack of community engagement in addressing them, have hindered efforts to improve the overall quality of life in Sudhauwala.
# Elantxobe

Elantxobe is a town and municipality located in the province of Biscay, in the autonomous community of Basque Country, northern Spain.

## History

The town emerged in 1524 as a fishing port. It gaining some importance in the 17th century as a defensive location on the Biscayan coast, which is currently used as a marina. Until 1858 it was a neighbourhood of the nearby municipality of Ibarrangelu. The town celebrates the festival of its patron, San Nicolás de Bari, on 6 December.
# Prem Prakash Singh

Prem Prakash Singh (born 1 October 1952) and (died 24 February 2023) is an Indian politician from Samajwadi Party.village - paina(Deoria). He was elected as an MLA from Barhaj constituency in 2012. He was also questioned by Chief Electoral Officer since it was found that he was voting at two distinct locations. As per Indian law, you can only register to vote from one place.
# Mikhail Usov

Mikhail Antonovich Usov (Russian: Михаил Антонович Усов; February 20, 1883 in Kainsk (now Kuybyshev), Tomsk Governorate – July 26, 1939 in Belokurikha, Altai Krai) was a Russian and Soviet geologist and member of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR. He was the first native of Siberia to be elected.
He completed his studies at Tomsk Technological Institute (now Tomsk Polytechnic University) under Vladimir Obruchev and later served on the school's faculty.
Usov studied the geology of Siberia as well as adjacent regions in China and Mongolia and the gold producing regions of Kuznetsk Alatau and Transbaikal.
His most significant contributions to Russia were in his studies of the geological structure of the Kuznetsk Basin. His work enabled an evaluation of the coal reserves in the region and the prospects for developing industry around the coal.
Usov Street in Tomsk, where the Geology Department of Tomsk Polytechnic University is located, is named after him. A small mountain, Mons Usov, in Mare Crisium on the moon is also named after him.
# Brama myersi

Brama myersi is a species of scombriform ray-finned fish in the family Bramidae.
# Ənvər Məmmədxanlı, Azerbaijan

Ənvər Məmmədxanlı (until 2008, Kirovkend and Anvar Mammadkhanli) is a village and municipality in the Ujar District of Azerbaijan. It has a population of 237. The village was formerly named for Sergei Kirov and in 2008 renamed for writer Anvar Mammadkhanli.