OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Kivimetsän Druidi

Kivimetsän Druidi, or KmD, was a Finnish metal band from Kouvola. "Kivimetsän Druidi" is Finnish for "druid of the stone forest".

## Band history

KmD originally started as a two-man project by the Koskinen brothers. Lead guitarist and vocalist Joni Koskinen's biggest influence has been Moonsorrow, though each band member has their own personal influences.
Their lyrics are based on the fantasy novel that Joni Koskinen is writing. The novel tells a story from The Land of the Crystal Mountain and Stone Forest.
After releasing numerous demos and EPs, Kivimetsän Druidi eventually signed a record deal with Century Media in 2008. The debut album titled Shadowheart was released in October 2008. All the band's EPs and demos were self-released.

## Members
### Former members

* Leeni-Maria Hovila - female vocals (2008-2017)
* Joni Koskinen - male vocals, lead guitar (2002-2017)
* Antti Koskinen - keyboards (2002-2017)
* Antti Rinkinen - guitar (2004-2017)
* Simo Lehtonen - bass guitar (2007-2017)
* Atte Marttinen - drums (2007-2017)
* Ville Ryöti - drums (2005–2007)
* Jani Rämä - drums (2004–2005) (became a technician for the band)
* Jouni Riihelä - bass (2004–2006)
* Annika Laaksonen - female vocals (2004–2006)
* Lukas Pearsall - synth (2004–2007)
* Jenni Onishko - female vocals (2006–2008)

## Discography
### Studio albums

* Shadowheart (2008)
* Betrayal, Justice, Revenge (2010)

### EPs

* Mustan valtikan aika (2006)
* Taottu (2008)
* The Lost Captains (2016)

### Demos

* Kristallivuoren maa (2003)
* Taival (2004)
* The New Chapter (2007)
# Oshnavieh-ye Jonubi Rural District

Oshnavieh-ye Jonubi Rural District (Persian: دهستان اشنويه جنوبي) is in Nalus District of Oshnavieh County, West Azerbaijan province, Iran. It is administered from the city of Nalus.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the rural district's population was 4,272 in 730 households. There were 4,245 inhabitants in 1,170 households at the following census of 2011. The 2016 census measured the population of the rural district as 4,117 in 1,084 households. The most populous of its 16 villages was Deh Shams-e Bozorg, with 779 people.
# Sini-ye Now

Sini-ye Now (Persian: سيني نو, also Romanized as Sīnī-ye Now) is a village in Kabud Gonbad Rural District, in the Central District of Kalat County, Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 144, in 40 families.
# Tyndall (disambiguation)

Tyndall is the name of an English family taken from the land they held as tenants in chief of the Kings of England and Scotland in the 11th, 12th and 13th centuries.
Tyndall may also refer to:

## People

* Arthur Tyndall (1891–1979), New Zealand civil engineer, public servant and judge
* Arthur Mannering Tyndall (1881–1961), English physicist
* Charles Tyndall (1900–1971), Anglican Bishop of Kilmore, Elphin and Ardagh
* Denis Tyndall (1890–1965), Anglican priest
* Edward Tyndall (born 1973), director of the 2012 documentary Reconvergence
* Emily Tyndall, a stage name of Emily Dunn (actress)
* George Tyndall (1946 or 1947–2023), American gynecologist investigated for multiple instances of alleged sexual abuse
* Humphrey Tyndall (1549–1614), English Anglican, churchman, President of Queens' College, Cambridge, Archdeacon of Stafford, Chancellor of Lichfield Cathedral and Dean of Ely
* John Tyndall (1820–1893), Irish physicist
* John Tyndall (poet) (born 1951), Canadian poet
* John Tyndall (politician) (1934–2005), English far-right politician
* Kate Tyndall (born 1983), Australian rules footballer
* Louisa Charlotte Tyndall (1845–1940), wife and assistant of the physicist John Tyndall
* Robert Tyndall (1877–1947), United States Army major general and mayor of Indianapolis
* Robert Tyndall (surveyor) (fl. 1608), English mariner and surveyor involved in Virginia Colony
* Thomas Tyndall (1723–1794), English merchant and banker
* William Tyndale (c. 1494–1536), also spelled Tyndall, English biblical scholar and linguist
* William T. Tyndall (1862–1928), American politician
* William Tyndall (MP), Member of Parliament for Bristol (UK Parliament constituency) in 1558

## Places

* Tyndall, Manitoba, Canada, where Tyndall stone is quarried
* Tyndall, South Dakota, United States, a city
* Tyndall Air Force Base, near Panama City, Florida, United States
* Tyndall Branch (Deep Creek tributary), Delaware, United States
* Tyndall Glacier (disambiguation)
* Tyndall River, Chile
* Mount Tyndall, California, United States
* Mount Tyndall (Tasmania), Australia
* Pic Tyndall, a minor summit below the Matterhorn between Italy and Switzerland
* Tyndall Mountains, Graham Land, Antarctica
* Tyndall (lunar crater)
* Tyndall (Martian crater)

## Science and technology

* Tyndall National Institute, a European hardware research centre located in Cork, Ireland
* John Tyndall Award, awarded to individuals who contribute to fiber optics technology
# Aldtsjerk

Aldtsjerk (Dutch: Oudkerk) is a village on the main road from Leeuwarden to Dokkum. It is part of Tytsjerksteradiel municipality, Friesland, the Netherlands and had around 615 inhabitants as of January 2018.
Its annual festivities include the Doarpsfeest, including a parade, held in the summer. Local landmarks include the Heemstra State, former residence of the aristocratic Sminia family. The village's main road, the van Sminiaweg is about 1.5 km long and named after the Sminia family. The village also houses a former baker who was quite famous for his Oranjekoek and Suikerbrood, but who retired in 2000 when the euro was introduced. Local shopping facilities are scarce: the nearest grocery market is located in Oentsjerk, about three kilometers outside town limits. The most notable shop of the town is a bike dealership and a store called Bram en Jannie's, which stands not actually in the village itself, but halfway between Aldtjserk and Oentsjerk. In the center of the village is located the Aldtsjerk church, which was built in 12th century and gives the village its name ("Old Church").
Near the village is the Aldtsjerkster mar, a small lake which is an important point on the Elfstedentocht. In Dutch, the village is called Oudkerk ("Old Church"); Aldtsjerk is its West Frisian name. It was one of the first Frisian towns to be generally listed under its West Frisian, rather than its Dutch name. The Ouderkerkermolen is a preserved windmill in Aldtsjerk.

## Notable buildings

* The Protestant church of Aldtsjerk
* The Ouderkerkermolen

## Gallery

* Former clergy house
* Draw bridge
* Village square
* Houses in Aldtsjerk
# Vaganov

Vaganov (Russian: Ваганов) is a Russian toponymic masculine surname relating to a person living near the river Vaga, its feminine counterpart is Vaganova. Notable people with the surname include:
* Agrippina Vaganova (1879–1951), Russian ballet teacher known for
** Vaganova method
** Vaganova Academy of Russian Ballet
* Ekaterina Vaganova (born 1988), Russian dancer
* Gennady Vaganov (born 1930), Soviet cross-country skier
* Ilya Vaganov (born 1989), Russian footballer
* Sergei Vaganov (born 1985), Russian footballer
* Stepan Vaganov (1886–1918), Russian sailor and Bolshevik revolutionary

## Fictional characters

* Gleb Vaganov, a character from the Broadway adaptation of the 1997 film Anastasia
# Zvodno

Zvodno (pronounced) is a settlement in the City Municipality of Celje in eastern Slovenia. It lies on the southeastern outskirts of Celje. The area is part of the traditional region of Styria. It is now included with the rest of the municipality in the Savinja Statistical Region.

## Name

The name Zvodno is a clipped form from *Zvodno (selo) 'Zvodno village', in which the first element is an adjective derived from zvod 'confluence', referring to the geographical location of the settlement. Zvodno is located at the confluence of Devil's Creek (Slovene: Hudičev potok) and the Ločnica River.

## Mass grave

Zvodno is the site of a mass grave from the period immediately after the Second World War. It is part of the 25 mass graves in the Celje area. The Pečovnik Mass Grave (Slovene: Grobišče Pečovnik) is located near the house at Zvodno no. 72 in a trench that was later filled and then covered with timber, concrete, and soil, or in a shaft about 30 meters (98 ft) southwest of this trench. The shaft has a 35% grade and has also been backfilled and leveled with the terrain. The grave contains the corpses of 5,000 to 10,000 people killed or executed in May and June 1945.
# Karel Poma

Karel Emiel Hubert, Baron Poma (14 March 1920 – 27 December 2014) was a Belgian liberal and politician for the PVV.
He was a son of Carolus Poma, who was a lieutenant of the Antwerp fire brigade, and subsequently council member (1946–1958) and mayor (1953–1958) of the town Wilrijk. He was married to Juliana Walgraeve, and together they had two children; a son Peter (b. 1950) and a daughter Kathleen (b. 1954).

## Education

Poma went to high school at the Royal Athenaeum of Antwerp, where he graduated in Latin-Sciences (1938). In 1943, he obtained a Licentiate in Sciences at the University of Ghent (Ghent, Belgium). In 1946, he obtained a PhD degree in science from the same university. He graduated as a bacteriologist at the Universite Libre de Bruxelles (ULB) in 1946. During World War II, he was active in the resistance against the Nazi occupation of Belgium, for which he was honored after the war.

## Professional career

Poma started his professional career in 1945 at the Antwerp Water Works (AWW) and became head of the laboratory of the AWW. He left the AWW in 1971, to be able to dedicate himself entirely to his political mandate. He was part-time docent environmental hygiene, for engineers and graduates of health care (physicians and nursing staff) at the Vrije Universiteit Brussel (1979–1990).

## Political career

From 1965 to 1985, Poma was a member of the Belgian parliament for the liberal party PVV. From 1965 to 1971 and 1981 to 1985, he was a senator. From 1971 to 1981, he was a member of parliament. From 1977 to 1981, he was floor leader for the PVV in the Culture Council and, from 1980 to 1981, of the Flemish Council.
Poma was twice a member of the executive:
* From 1974 to 1977 he was a secretary of state for the environment in the first government led by Leo Tindemans.
* From 1981 to 1985 Poma was a member of the Flemish Executive as its vice-chairman and minister for culture, media, sport, youth and research and development.
From 1976 to 1982, he was a member of the village council of Wilrijk; and 1982 to 1988, a member of the city council of Antwerp (Wilrijk became a part of Antwerp in 1982). In 1968 and from 1973 to 1974, he was president of the Liberaal Vlaams Verbond (LVV).

## Honours

* Knighted by King Albert II
* 8 July 2005: created baron by royal decree.
* Belgium: 7 December 2009: minister of state
* Belgium: Grand cross in the Order of Leopold II
* Belgium: Grand Officer in the Order of Leopold
* Greece: Grand Officer in the Order of the Phoenix
# Hasan ibn Qatadah

Ḥasan ibn Qatādah ibn Idrīs al-Ḥasanī (Arabic: حسن بن قتادة بن إدريس بن مطاعن الحسني القرشي) was the Sharif of Mecca from July of 1220 to 1222. He was born to Qatadah ibn Idris and a woman from the Anizah tribe.
He assumed the Sharifate of Mecca after the death of his father. According to Islamic sources, including Abu Shamah, al-Dhahabi, and Ibn Kathir, Qatadah died in July of 1220. Al-Mundhiri writes that he died in late August 1220, while Ibn al-Athir writes that he died somewhere in July or August of 1221. Historians mention that Hasan killed his father, brother, and uncle in order to gain control the Emirate.
Hasan was then dethroned somewhere in April or May of 1222 by al-Mas'ud Yusuf, the Ayyubid Emir of Yemen. Hassan fled to his mother's tribe, then He fled to Damascus, then to Baghdad, where he died in 1226. A Shi'ite, Hasan was buried in the mashhad of Musa al-Kazim.
# Madhbah

Madhbah (Arabic: مذبح Madhbaḥ), also called Madinat al-Layl or "the city of the night", is a suburb of Sanaa, Yemen, located in the Bani al-Harith District of Amanat al-Asimah Governorate.

## History

The first known mention of Madhbah in historical sources is in 799 AH (1397 CE), in Ghayat al-amani of Yahya ibn al-Husayn, where its name is spelled Mudhayyaḥ. The text describes Madhbah as a "well-known place to the west of the city of Sanaa", and relates an anecdote of a local shepherd finding a corpse in a cave there while he was pasturing his sheep.
The development of Madhbah as a suburb of Sanaa dates to 1991. Recent immigrants from the countryside, who came from various parts of the country but knew each other from having worked together in Saudi Arabia, set up an informal shantytown on the sides of two steep hillsides that had been military land. This happened during the night, hence the nickname "Madinat al-Layl", or "the city of the night". The government initially tried to bulldoze the settlement, but after a process of negotiation with the residents it acquiesced and ended up installing water and sanitation services. By 2008, Madhbah was described as a thriving suburb of Sanaa, with economic activities including warehousing, automotive services, and construction materials, and extensive investment from both the government and private real estate developers.
# Fight Girl

Fight Girl (Dutch: Vechtmeisje) is a 2018 Dutch-Bosnian action drama film directed by Johan Timmers and written by Barbara Jurgens. In July 2019, it was shortlisted as one of the nine films in contention to be the Dutch entry for the Academy Award for Best International Feature Film at the 92nd Academy Awards, but it was not selected.

## Cast

* Aiko Beemsterboer as Bo
* Hilde De Baerdemaeker as Esther
* Imanuelle Grives as Cecilia
# Zeydl Shmuel-Yehuda Helman

Zeydl Shmuel-Yehuda Helman (Yiddish: זײדל שמואל-יהודיה העלמאַן, c. 1855 – c. 1938), who often published under the pen name Hazman (הזמ״ן), was a Romanian Jewish actor, songwriter, journalist, and educator. In addition to working as an actor in the Yiddish theatre in Romania and in the United States, he wrote and published a large number of Yiddish theatre songs which were widely performed in the late nineteenth century, making him one of the earliest popular songwriters in the genre.

## Biography

Helman was born in Iași, Romania in 1855. His birth name was Shmuel-Yehuda, but he took on the name Zeydl after a childhood illness. His father had been a Hazzan but died when Helman was young. His mother remarried and his stepfather wanted him to become a shoichet (ritual slaughterer), but due to his interest in music he became a Hazzan and music teacher in Jewish schools instead. Around 1890, he became an actor in the Yiddish theatre and began to compose many songs which became popular in Romania. Among his better-known pieces were Yismekhu, Tsions tsvue, Gedenk zhe, yankl, and Ervakh, srolik; he also wrote Yiddish and Hebrew language poems. He also taught himself German and Romanian and sometimes translated works from those languages into Yiddish.
In 1893 Abba Sheyngold brought Helman to the United States to become a Yiddish theatre actor there under the name Helmanesko. He played a few seasons in New York City and Philadelphia, including at the Romanian Opera House with Jacob Adler and at Boris Thomashefsky's theater. However, he could not get used to life there and soon returned to Romania.
Upon returning to Iași he became very involved in literary and theater life once again. He wrote a number of theatrical works: Bal shem (a play in five acts, staged in Iași with Kalman Juvelier in 1891–1892), Bal nes (four acts, staged in Iași with Juvelier in 1893), Pantilemon, and Ruth, a five-act opera which was never staged, Gog umogeg (a revue staged in Iași in 1920), Der yarid in himl (a one-act play), and Dos litvakl. He also wrote for and edited a number of newspapers and magazines: Hayoyets, Folksblat, Yudishe Tsukunft, and Hamevaser, Helman's own literary magazine which he published from 1903 onwards. For some time in the 1890s he also quit the theater and became a Hazzan in a synagogue again, although he soon returned to Yiddish songwriting.
Although he was not really a socialist, he also worked as editor for the socialist magazines Lumina and later Der veker (not to be confused with the later newspaper of the same name Der Veker (Minsk)). He published semi-autobiographical booklets in the 1920s, titled Kitve hazman and Yontev bleter.
He became blind late in life and apparently died in Iași in 1938.
# Al-Faris

Al-Faris is a Sunni Arab town in Dujail District in the Salah al-Din Governorate in Iraq.

## Climate

In Al-Faris, there is a desert climate. Most rain falls in the winter. The Köppen-Geiger climate classification is BWh. The average annual temperature in Al-Faris is 22.7 °C (72.9 °F). About 164 mm (6.46 in) of precipitation falls annually.
Climate data for Al-Faris :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 15.6 (60.1) | 18.2 (64.8) | 22.3 (72.1) | 28.5 (83.3) | 35.7 (96.3) | 41.1 (106.0) | 43.7 (110.7) | 43.4 (110.1) | 39.8 (103.6) | 33.3 (91.9) | 24.5 (76.1) | 17.3 (63.1) | 30.3 (86.5) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 4.4 (39.9) | 5.9 (42.6) | 9.3 (48.7) | 14.3 (57.7) | 19.6 (67.3) | 23.4 (74.1) | 25.6 (78.1) | 25.1 (77.2) | 21.4 (70.5) | 16.3 (61.3) | 10.5 (50.9) | 5.6 (42.1) | 15.1 (59.2) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 25 (1.0) | 28 (1.1) | 29 (1.1) | 21 (0.8) | 8 (0.3) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 4 (0.2) | 19 (0.7) | 30 (1.2) | 164 (6.5) |
| Source: Climate-Data.org, Climate data ||||||||||||||
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# Aliabad Molla Alireza

Aliabad Molla Alireza (Persian: علي ابادملاعليرضا, also Romanized as ‘Alīābād Mollā ‘Alīreẕā) is a village in Jolgeh Rural District, in the Central District of Behabad County, Yazd Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 255, in 61 families.
# Aye Nyein Thu

Aye Nyein Thu (Burmese: အေးငြိမ်းသူ, romanized: Ayyngyaaim Suu; born c. 1995), also known as A Nyein, is a Burmese doctor known for her voluntary work providing medical care to internally displaced people in Chin State, Myanmar. For her work, she was recognised as one of the BBC's 100 Women of 2022.

## Career

Aye Nyein Thu qualified as a doctor in 2020. In February 2021, during the Myanmar coup d'état that saw the democratically elected National League for Democracy being deposed by the Burmese military, the Tatmadaw, Aye Nyein Thu, alongside other medical professionals, provided medical care to injured civilians and protesters in Mandalay.
Later that year, Aye Nyein Thu travelled to Mindat Township, Chin State; at that time, the town and the surrounding area only had two working doctors. She set up a makeshift hospital with an operating theatre in order to provide medical care to Mindat residents and nearby villagers, as well as for camps of internally displaced people. The hospital also provides outreach work to isolated communities and those who cannot afford to travel to Mindat for medical care.
In September 2021, the military junta accused Aye Nyein Thu of "inciting violence" and supporting the People's Defence Force, an anti-junta militant group. Three volunteers were arrested after attempting to deliver medical supplies to Aye Nyein Thu; she reported that the military seized an X-ray machine, an anaesthesia machine, an oximeter, and medicines, while the junta alleged that she had been delivered weapons, ammunition, and money, which she intended to give to the Chinland Defence Force, a local insurgent group. The junta have accused Aye Nyein Thu of working for Zaw Wai Soe, the health minister of the National Unity Government of Myanmar, the Burmese government-in-exile, and have called on residents of Mindat to arrest her. Aye Nyein Thu has also been accused by the military of misusing donations given to her hospital by giving them to anti-military groups; she has disputed this and has said that any financial irregularities were as a result of her lack of administrative skills.
In December 2021, Aye Nyein Thu's hospital in Mindat was raided and damaged by the Burmese military, requiring it to close for several months while it underwent restructuring. The hospital reopened in 2022.

## Recognition

In 2022, Aye Nyein Thu was named as one of that year's 100 Women by the BBC for her work providing healthcare to internally displaced people in Myanmar.
# Ridali Airfield

Ridali Airfield ((ICAO: EERI); Estonian: Ridali lennuväli) is an airfield in Estonia, about 10 km (6.2 mi) north of Võru in the vicinity of Ridali - a place known for its scenery, lakes, fields and forests, giving glider pilots many visual reference points to navigate by. The airfield was used during World War II, and in the early 1960s it started serving glider pilots. The first gliders to fly in Ridali were Soviet KAI-12s (improved design from the Czech LF-109). The only way to launch gliders was by using the Czech winch "Herkules". By 1968, the club already had two KAI-12s, three Blaníks, two towing winches and a Yak-12 for aerotows.
Ridali Airfield is currently the home of Ridali Gliding Club (Estonian: Ridali Lennuklubi).

## Aircraft in service

| Aircraft | Origin | Type | Versions | In service |
| PZL-104 Wilga | Poland | Utility/aerotow | PZL-104 Wilga | 2 |
| Morane-Saulnier MS-894A | France | Light aircraft | MS-894A | 1 |
| Jonker JS-1 Revelation | South Africa | Glider | JS-1B | 1 |
| Glaser-Dirks DG-500 | Germany | Glider | DG-505 | 1 |
| LET L-13 Blaník | Czech Republic | Glider | L-13 | 4 |
| LAK-12 Lietuva | Lithuania | Glider | LAK-12 | 1 |
| SZD-48 Jantar Standard 2 | Poland | Glider | SZD-48 | 2 |
| SZD-48 Jantar Standard 3 | Poland | Glider | SZD-48-2 | 2 |
| SZD-42 Jantar 2B | Poland | Glider | SZD-42-2 | 1 |
| SZD-30 Pirat | Poland | Glider | SZD-30 | 1 |
| SZD-50 Puchacz | Poland | Glider | SZD-50 | 1 |
# Viktor Karpukhin (Soviet Major general)

Viktor Fyodorovich Karpukhin (Russian: Виктор Фёдорович Карпухин; October 27, 1947 – March 24, 2003) was a member of the KGB who was instrumental in the Soviet–Afghan War.
He was born in the Ukrainian city of Lutsk. He joined the KGB's Alpha Group in 1967 and worked his way up to become its commander in 1988.
On December 23, 1979, Karpukhin led 38 soldiers of the Alpha Group into Afghanistan, who along with 500 Soviet paratroopers, landed at Bagram Airfield, next to the capital Kabul. Two days later, 40,000 Soviet Army soldiers poured over the Afghan border.
Stationed in the Soviet embassy in Kabul, which was close to the Tajbeg Palace of President Hafizullah Amin, Karpukhin's forces awaited further instructions. On December 27, Karpukhin was ordered to take the presidential palace. In the attack, two Soviet soldiers were killed, and Amin was shot to death. The following day, Prime Minister Babrak Karmal took Amin's seat as president. Karpukhin was awarded the Hero of the Soviet Union medal for his role.
Karpukhin retired from the Alpha Group in 1992 and worked in various government and commercial ventures.
# Chamaecereus silvestrii

Chamaecereus silvestrii is a species of cactus from northwestern Argentina and Bolivia. Synonyms include Echinopsis chamaecereus and Lobivia silvestrii. It has been called the peanut cactus. This plant should not be confused with Echinopsis silvestrii, a synonym of Echinopsis albispinosa, a species with a very different appearance.
Chamaecereus silvestrii has long stems about 1 cm (0.4 in) across. Orange flowers up to 4 cm (1.6 in) wide appear in late spring. In cultivation, Ch. silvestrii is hardy to temperatures as low as −7 °C (19 °F) if kept dry.
Ch. silvestrii was first collected and described in 1896 as Cereus silvestrii by Italian-Argentinian botanist Carlo Luigi Spegazzini in the mountains between the provinces of Tucuman and Salta, Argentina. However, subsequent expeditions to the area failed to find the species Spegazzini had collected and it is unknown whether the species has gone extinct since the initial collection.
This plant is a recipient of the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.
* Talcott Greenhouse
* Flowers