# Arbonne

Arbonne (French pronunciation:; Basque: Arbona) is a commune in French Basque Country, a region of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region of southwestern France.

## Geography

Arbonne is located some 6 km south of Biarritz and 3 km east of Bidart. It is part of the Urban area of Bayonne and is located in the former province of Labourd. Access to the commune is by road D255 from Biarritz in the north passing through the village and continuing south to Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle. The D655 branches off the D255 in the south of the commune and goes to Ahetze. The A63 autoroute passes through the northern tip of the commune but has no access from the commune. In the south of the commune is the hamlet of Le Hameau d'Arbonne. The rest of the commune is mainly farmland with patches of forest especially in the north.
Located in the drainage basin of the Adour, the commune is traversed by the Uhabia, a small coastal river that flows into the ocean at Bidart, and its tributaries: the Zirikolatzeko erreka and the Ruisseau d'Argelos.
The Ruisseau de Pemartin also flows through the commune and there is an extensive network of streams throughout the commune.

### Places and Hamlets

* Aguerrea
* Alhorga
* Allexarrea
* Arditegia
* Arretxea
* Berrueta
* Cassoua
* Diharzenea
* Etchardia
* Guichenea
* Gure Egoitza
* le Hameau d'Arbonne
* Harriague
* Hegoasea
* Katalienea
* Kuttuenea
* Larreburua
* Magnienea
* Menta
* Mestelan Beherea
* Mestelania
* Moleresia
* Mundustenea
* Pemartikoborda
* Pemartin
* Perukain
* La Place
* le Pouy
* Saskoenea
* Tribulenea
* Xantxienea
* Xokobia
* Ziburria
* Ziburriako Errota

## Toponymy

The commune name in Basque is Arbona.
Brigitte Jobbé-Duval indicated that 'Arbona meant "place of tree stumps".
The following table details the origins of the commune name and other names in the commune.
| Name | Spelling | Date | Source | Page | Origin | Description |
| Arbonne | Narbona | 1186 | Raymond | 9 | Bayonne | Village |
| | Narbone | 1349 | Orpustan | | | |
| Alhorgako Erreka | L'Alhorga | 1863 | Raymond | 5 | | A tributary of the Uhabia flowing from Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle and Ahetze |
| Berrueta | Berhouetta | 1863 | Raymond | 28 | | Farm |
| Harriague | Harriague | 1863 | Raymond | 76 | | Hamlet |
| Hurmalague | Hurmalague | 1863 | Raymond | 80 | | Hamlet |
| Menta | Menta | 1198 | Raymond | 112 | Bayonne | Hamlet |
| | Mente | 1523 | Raymond | 112 | Chapter | |
| Mestelan Beherea | Mestelan | 1760 | Raymond | 112 | Collations | Farm (a prebend of this name was present in the Arbonne church) |
| | Mesthelan | 1863 | Raymond | 112 | | |
| Pemartin | Pémartin | 1863 | Raymond | 133 | | Farm |
| Perukain | Perucam | 13th century | Raymond | 134 | Bayonne | Hamlet |
| | Pérucain | 1863 | Raymond | | | |
| La Place | La Place | 1863 | Raymond | 135 | | Hamlet |
| Le Pouy | la chapelle de Pouy près Bayonne | 1751 | Raymond | 139 | Intendance | Farm |
| | Pouy | 1863 | Raymond | 139 | | |
Sources:
* Raymond: Topographic Dictionary of the Department of Basses-Pyrenees, 1863, on the page numbers indicated in the table. (in French)
Origins:
* Bayonne: Cartulary of Bayonne or Livre d'Or (Book of Gold)
* Collations: Collations of the Diocese of Bayonne
* Chapter: Titles of the Chapter of Bayonne
* Intendance: Intendance of Pau

## History

The oldest lord of Arbonne whose names are known are from the Sault family, Viscounts of Labourd. At the end of the 14th century the lordship was owned by the Saint-Julien family (originally from Lower Navarre) and then in 1408 to the Amezqueta family.
The Act of 4 March 1790, which determined the new administrative landscape of France by creating departments and districts, created the Department of Basses-Pyrénées to bring together Béarn, the Gascon lands in Bayonne and Bidache, and three French Basque provinces. For these three provinces three districts were created: Mauléon, Saint-Palais, and Ustaritz which replaced the Bailiwick of Labourd. The seat of Ustaritz was transferred almost immediately to Bayonne. Its Directorate pushed many municipalities into adopting new names conforming to the spirit of the Revolution. Arbonne was called Constante, Ustaritz became Marat-sur-Nive, Itxassou Union, Saint-Étienne-de-Baïgorry Thermopyles, Saint-Palais Mont-Bidouze, Saint-Jean-Pied-de-Port Nive-Franche, Louhossoa Montagne-sur-Nive, Saint-Jean-de-Luz Chauvin-Dragon, Ainhoa Mendiarte, and Souraïde Mendialde.

### Heraldry

| Arms of Arbonne | Adopted by the Town Council on 20 May 1988. Blazon: Or, a Tauzin oak Vert accompanied at sinister by a bear Sable attached to the trunk of the tree and at dexter two nails of Sable posed in chevron inverted. |

## Administration

List of Successive Mayors
| From | To | Name |
| 1790? | 1794 | Daguerre |
| 1794 | 1795 | Dominique Duhart (Mayor of Constante which united Arbonne, Arcangues, and Bassussarry) |
| 1795 | | Jean Laborde (Mayor of Constante) |
| 1814 | 1817 | Pierre Landaboure |
| 1817 | 1822 | Jean Diharce |
| 1822 | 1823 | Martin Hegoas |
| 1823 | 1827 | Charles Borotra |
| 1827 | 1840 | Mathieu Duhart |
| 1840 | 1842 | Hirigoyen |
| 1842 | 1849 | Doyhenard |
| 1849 | 1859 | Laborde |
| 1859 | 1864 | Michel Dokhelar |
| 1864 | 1876 | Laurent Hirigoyen |
| 1876 | 1881 | Jean Dufau |
| 1881 | 1896 | Jean Borotra |
| 1896 | 1904 | Jean Dufau |
| 1904 | 1943 | Bernard Housset |

### Mayors from 1943

| From | To | Name |
| 1943 | 1945 | Jean Hegoas |
| 1945 | 1948 | Émile Martin |
| 1953 | 1971 | André Gromard |
| 1971 | 1977 | Didier Borotra |
| 1977 | 1995 | Bernard Abeberry |
| 1995 | 2008 | Jean Bareille |
| 2008 | 2026 | Marie-Josèphe Mialocq |

### Inter-communality

Arbonne is part of nine inter-communal structures:
* the Communauté d'agglomération du Pays Basque;
* the SIVOM of Arbonne-Arcangues-Bassussarry;
* the SIVU of Arbonne-Bidart;
* the Ouhabia association;
* the mixed association of Bizi Garbia;
* the Association for promotion of basque culture;
* the mixed association for management of Ura drinking water;
* the mixed association for sanitation in Ura;
* the Energy association of Pyrénées-Atlantiques.
The commune is part of the Eurocité basque Bayonne-San Sebastian (fr) (a cross-border association to develop the area from Bayonne in France to San Sebastian in Spain).

## Demography

The inhabitants of the commune are known as Arbonars in French.
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| 1793 | 608 | — |
| 1800 | 555 | −1.29% |
| 1806 | 560 | +0.15% |
| 1821 | 520 | −0.49% |
| 1831 | 690 | +2.87% |
| 1836 | 745 | +1.55% |
| 1841 | 715 | −0.82% |
| 1846 | 708 | −0.20% |
| 1851 | 700 | −0.23% |
| 1856 | 685 | −0.43% |
| 1861 | 700 | +0.43% |
| 1866 | 705 | +0.14% |
| 1872 | 733 | +0.65% |
| 1876 | 724 | −0.31% |
| 1881 | 790 | +1.76% |
| 1886 | 800 | +0.25% |
| 1891 | 770 | −0.76% |
| 1896 | 759 | −0.29% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| 1901 | 764 | +0.13% |
| 1906 | 789 | +0.65% |
| 1911 | 788 | −0.03% |
| 1921 | 689 | −1.33% |
| 1926 | 763 | +2.06% |
| 1931 | 866 | +2.56% |
| 1936 | 980 | +2.50% |
| 1946 | 763 | −2.47% |
| 1954 | 614 | −2.68% |
| 1962 | 628 | +0.28% |
| 1968 | 648 | +0.52% |
| 1975 | 819 | +3.40% |
| 1982 | 1,196 | +5.56% |
| 1990 | 1,366 | +1.68% |
| 1999 | 1,375 | +0.07% |
| 2007 | 1,855 | +3.81% |
| 2012 | 2,075 | +2.27% |
| 2017 | 2,223 | +1.39% |
Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on Phabricator and on MediaWiki.org. :
Source: EHESS and INSEE :

## Economy

The commune is part of the Appellation d'origine contrôlée (AOC) zone of Ossau-iraty.

## Culture and heritage

According to the Map of the Seven Basque Provinces by Prince Louis-Lucien Bonaparte the basque dialect spoken in Arbonne is northern Upper Navarrese

### Religious heritage

The commune has two buildings that are registered as historical monuments:
* The Church of Saint-Laurent (12th century). It is of a medium size with an arched Bell-gable characteristic of Labourd religious buildings. Some old Hilarri are visible in the cemetery.
* The old Benoîterie d'Arbonne (16th century) The Benoîterie was the residence of the Benoîte or guardian of the church and cemetery and is now the venue for exhibitions (paintings, crafts).

## Facilities
### Health

The commune has a general practitioner, three nurses, a speech therapist, a physiotherapist, and a dentist - all in the village centre.

### Education

Arbonne has two primary schools, one public and one private (Saint-Laurent school)

## Notable people linked to the commune

* Jean Borotra - called the Basque bondissant (the Bounding Basque), born in 1898 at Biarritz and died in 1994 at Arbonne, a tennis player and French politician
* Bernard Béreau, born in 1940 at Arbonne and died in 2005, he was a French footballer
* Marie-Michèle Beaufils, born in 1949 at Arbonne, she is a contemporary writer