OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Centurion ARV Mk II

The Centurion ARV Mk II, was a British armoured recovery vehicle based on the Centurion main battle tank.

## History

The Centurion Mk II ARV consisted of a basic tank hull with a box-like superstructure in place of the turret. This accommodated the winch and a separate winch engine, a 160 hp Rolls-Royce B80. The winch engine powered a generator providing electric power to the winch. The cable emerged from the back of the winch housing and a rear mounted spade gave stability whilst winching. The vehicle was used by Australia, India, Israel, the Netherlands, Sweden, Switzerland as well as the United Kingdom.
The first prototype of the Centurion Mk II ARV was developed by the Fighting Vehicles Research and Development Establishment as the ARV FV 4006 and completed in 1952–53. After user trials, the first production vehicles were completed by Vickers at Elswick in 1956–57. Some Mk 2's used the hulls of former gun tanks or tugs but most were newly built as ARVs.
From 1956 to 1960, the Swiss army bought 30 Entpannungspanzer 56 Centurion. These were used until 1991 with the numbers M + 78601 to M + 78630. In 1988 the first ten vehicles were scrapped. In 1991, 19 vehicles were sold to Sweden and a vehicle (M + 78613) was retained for the army's collection. The Entpannungspanzer 56 Centurion sold to Sweden were painted with the camouflage of the Swedish army and were equipped with minor modifications to the radio, fog dispensers, lighting, etc. In 2011, the second vehicle of the first series with the former number M + 78602 was taken back from Sweden and has since been exhibited in the Swiss Military Museum Full.
In addition to the main engine, a Rover Meteor mark IVB1 (V12, 27-litre capacity, 650 hp), the Entpannungspanzer 56 Centurion has an auxiliary engine (Morris USHNM A41 Mk 2/1: 4 cylinders, 918 cm³, 16 hp) and a winch motor (Rolls-Royce B80 Mk. 2: 8 cylinder in line 5600 cm³, 136 hp). With a fuel tank of 1045 litres, its fuel consumption of 700 litres per 100 kilometres (0.40 mpg$_{‑imp}$) on the road and 1,100 litres per 100 kilometres (0.26 mpg$_{‑imp}$) off-road was very high, which affected efficiency and range.
# Blizhneye Stoyanovo

Blizhneye Stoyanovo (Russian: Ближнее Стояново) is a rural locality (a khutor) in Gnilovskoye Rural Settlement, Ostrogozhsky District, Voronezh Oblast, Russia. The population was 580 as of 2010. There are 9 streets.

## Geography

Blizhneye Stoyanovo is located 8 km south of Ostrogozhsk (the district's administrative centre) by road. Gniloye is the nearest rural locality.
# Tanyurer

The Tanyurer (Russian: Танюрер) is a river in Chukotka in Russia, a left tributary of the Anadyr. The length of the river is 482 kilometres (300 mi). The area of its drainage basin is 18,500 square kilometres (7,100 sq mi).
The whole basin of the Tanyurer and its tributaries belongs to the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug.

## Course

It flows roughly southwards from the Pekulney Range of the Chukotka Mountains and passes through the sparsely populated areas of Chukotka. This river meets the Anadyr in the lower stretch of its course, being the last large tributary of the Anadyr.
* Anadyr basin.
# Fontpédrouse

Fontpédrouse (French pronunciation: ; Catalan: Fontpedrosa) is a commune in the Pyrénées-Orientales department in southern France.

## Geography

Fontpédrouse is located in the canton of Les Pyrénées catalanes and in the arrondissement of Prades. Fontpédrouse-Saint-Thomas-les-Bains station has rail connections to Villefranche-de-Conflent and Latour-de-Carol.

## History

On June 26, 1822 (202 years ago) (1822-06-26), the commune of Prats-Saint-Thomas was merged into Fontpédrouse.
In December 1932, parts of the hamlets of Prats-Saint-Thomas were destroyed because of heavy rains which caused several landslides.
# Sergei Androsov

Sergei Vyacheslavovich Androsov (Russian: Сергей Вячеславович Андросов; born 18 February 1986) is a Russian former professional footballer.
# Bonloc

Bonloc (French pronunciation:; Basque: Lekuine) is a commune in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department in southwestern France.
A resident of Bonloc is known as a Lekuindar in Basque.
# Mikhail Mikhailov (writer)

Mikhail Larionovitch Mikhailov (Russian: Михаил Ларионович Михайлов) (16 January 1829 – 15 August 1865) was a Russian author.

## Biography

He was educated at Saint Petersburg and engaged in literary pursuits as a translator, journalist and writer of fiction. His political sympathies caused his exile to Siberia.

## Writing

He was a contributor to Sovremennik (“The Contemporary”) and an advocate of the reforms of the self-emancipation era. His collected translations and writings were published (3 vols., 1858–59).
# Bahar, Markazi

Bahar (Persian: بهار, also Romanized as Bahār) is a village in Jushaq Rural District, in the Central District of Delijan County, Markazi Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 183, in 73 families.
# Mamont

Mamont (Russian: Мамонт, Russian for Mammoth) was an international modern art show and avant-garde fashion show held in Minsk, Belarus, during 1995-2015. Competitions, presentations, and exhibitions of avant-garde painting and sculpture were held. Judges traditionally gave a master class for young designers.

## Purpose

* To show the achievements of young artists, including artists, sculptors, musicians, designers, and fashion designers.
* To draw the attention of mass media, public and professionals to the creativity of young and prospective authors.
* To give artists the possibility to acquaint the general public with their creativity.
* To expose the general public to new names and talents.
* To allow dialogue among artists.
* To make an active, creative atmosphere in the field of modern art and design.
* To create a show with an original stage and by attracting art workers, including from theater, television, and cinema.

## Organizers

* Belarusian firm Bellegprom
* The union of designers of Belarus
* Magic publishing house
* The company Center of Theatrical Initiatives

## History

Television director Yury Breus first had the idea for the event. It was intended to discover new names and concepts for TV programs, but it quickly received such popularity among young designers that became an independent event.

## Categories

There are three creative categories at the festival: avant-garde fashion, body art, and video art. Video art features performances lasting no more than five minutes.

## Prizes

In 2005, 2006 and 2007 stylized bronze "golden tusk" figures (for the best suit and best collection presentation) and "golden mammoth" figures (for the best combination of all performance elements) were awarded. In 2011 the award of prizes was changed as video art was added as a category. The "golden mammoth" is awarded for the best avant-garde clothes collection, while the two "golden tusk" awards are awarded for the best video art and body art.
# Märjamaa

Märjamaa is a borough (Estonian: alev) in Rapla County, Estonia. It is the administrative center of Märjamaa Parish. Märjamaa has a population of 2,961 as of 29 November 2012, making it the largest settlement in the whole of Märjamaa Parish.

## Notable people

* Ivo Eensalu (born 1949), actor and theatre director
* Arvo Valton (born 1935), writer
* Artur Uritamm (1901–1982), composer, taught music in Märjamaa from 1950 to 1955
# Micro T-Kernel

μT-Kernel is an open source real-time operating system (RTOS) designed for 16- and 8-bit microcontrollers. "μ” in the name stands for "micro" and pronounced as such. It is not pronounced as "mu". It is freely available under T-License.
Supported CPU list is available.
The latest version, μT-Kernel 3.0, is available from Github.
μT-Kernel was standardized by T-Engine Forum (now merged into TRON Forum) and later it became the basis of IEEE Standard 2050-2018, "IEEE Standard for a Real-Time Operating System (RTOS) for Small-Scale Embedded Systems" published by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) Standards Association (IEEE SA).
Its specification is available both in English and Japanese. The source code is available from the TRON Forum website and GitHub.
An article comparing nine RTOSs in which μT-Kernel was evaluated and given favorable remarks appeared in IEEE publication.

## History

μT-Kernel was developed as a smaller subset of T-Kernel, a full-featured real-time operating system. For example, it does not assume the use of MMU unlike the original T-Kernel. For more on its history and the overall philosophy behind the TRON real-time OS family, please see the entry of T-Kernel.
# Estonia men's national under-18 ice hockey team

The Estonia men's national under-18 ice hockey team represents Estonia in international under-18 ice hockey competitions and is controlled by the Estonian Ice Hockey Association (Estonian: Eesti Jäähokiliit).

## Tournament record
### IIHF World U18 Championships

* 1999: 4th in European Division I
* 2000: 2nd in European Division I
* 2001: 4th in Division II
* 2002: 4th in Division IIB
* 2003: 2nd in Division II Group A
* 2004: 2nd in Division II Group B
* 2005: 2nd in Division II Group A
* 2006: 3rd in Division II Group A
* 2007: 3rd in Division II Group A
* 2008: 3rd in Division II Group B
* 2009: 2nd in Division II Group B
* 2010: 5th in Division II Group A
* 2011: 4th in Division II Group A
* 2012: 1st in Division IIB
* 2013: 6th in Division IIA
* 2014: 1st in Division IIB
* 2015: 6th in Division IIA
* 2016: 1st in Division IIB
* 2017: 2nd in Division IIA
* 2018: 5th in Division IIA
* 2019: 3rd in Division IIA
* 2020: Cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic
* 2021: Cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic
* 2022: 2nd in Division IIA
* 2023: 5th in Division IB
* 2024: 3rd in Division IB
# Icelandic Literary Society

The Icelandic Literary Society (Icelandic: Hið Íslenzka Bókmenntafélag), founded in 1816, is an organization dedicated to promoting and strengthening Icelandic language, literature and learning.
The society was founded in 1816, when the Icelandic independence movement was in its infancy, at the instigation of Rasmus Rask and Árni Helgason. Its stated purpose was "to support and maintain the Icelandic language and literature, and the civilization and honor of the Icelandic nation, by the publication of books or by other means as circumstances would permit." The first meeting of the Copenhagen branch was held on 13 April 1816, and the first meeting of the Reykjavík branch on 1 August 1816.
Rask was the first president of the Copenhagen branch; the first president of the Reykjavík branch (until 1848) was Árni Helgason. Jón Sigurðsson, an Icelandic cultural hero, served as president of the Copenhagen branch from 1851 to 1879. In 1912 the two branches were united and Björn M. Ólsen, president of the Reykjavík branch, continued as president of the whole society.
The first book the society published contained Sturlunga saga together with Saga Árna biskups Þorlákssonar, in 1817. The Icelandic branch published its first book in 1849. Since 1970, the society has published Icelandic translations of key non-Icelandic academic and literary works, in a series titled Lærdómsrit hins íslenska bókmenntafélags which was initiated by the society's then president, Sigurður Líndal [is], and Þorsteinn Gylfason, who served as its editor in chief until 1992. The one hundredth book in the series was a translation of Rainer Maria Rilke's novel The Notebooks of Malte Laurids Brigge.
The society publishes the magazine Skírnir, which succeeded its first annual, Íslenzk Sagnablöð, in 1827, and also acts as distributor for the Íslenzk fornrit series (publications of the Old Icelandic Text Society).
The society's bicentenary was celebrated in 2016 with an exhibition at the National Library.
# Euodia (plant)

Euodia is a plant genus in the family Rutaceae. Euodia is sometimes misspelled as Evodia. The species now included in the genus Tetradium were previously included in Euodia, and may be commonly referred to as euodia.

## Fossil record

Fossil seeds of Euodia costata have been recovered from Eocene sediments at Hordle, Hants, southern England. A fossil species, Euodia lignita, has been described from Oligocene Brandon Lignite sediments in Vermont, United States.

## Species

* Euodia elleryana
* Euodia hortensis J.R.Forst. & G.Forst.
* Euodia hylandii
* Euodia lunuankenda
* Euodia macrocarpa
* Euodia pubifolia
* Euodia schullei Warb.
* Euodia simplicifolia
* Euodia tietaensis
* Euodia vitiflora

## Former species

* Euodia daniellii (Benn.) Hemsl., now Tetradium daniellii
* Euodia hupehensis: is now classed as Tetradium daniellii var. hupehensis
* Euodia ruticarpa, now Tetradium ruticarpum
* Euodia micrococca, now Melicope micrococca
* Euodia robusta, now Melicope hookeri
# People of the Black Mountains

People of the Black Mountains is an historical novel by Raymond Williams.
This book is a work in two volumes, published in 1989 and 1990. It features a great diversity of people in a single place across the ages. Most of them are ordinary people living unprivileged lives. It is told through a series of flashbacks featuring an ordinary man in modern times. He is looking for his grandfather who has not returned from a hill-walk, but has visions of the past as it might have been.
It begins in the Old Stone Age and extends through to the Middle Ages, telling a series of fictionalized short stories about ordinary people in the Welsh-border region of the Black Mountains where he was born and grew up.
The series is solidly based on what archaeologists have found – some of the tales are speculative reconstructions based on real burials. It has been praised for "brilliant clarity and imaginative vision" (Sunday Telegraph) and hailed as "the great historic novel Wales has long deserved" (Wales on Sunday).
The story-sequence would have extended to modern times had Williams lived to finish it. What exists is a complete story arc extending from the Old Stone Age to the late-Mediaeval period. The story begins in the Old Stone Age and was intended to come right up to modern times, always focusing on ordinary people. He had completed it as mediaeval times when he died in 1988. It was prepared for publication by his wife Joy Williams and was published in two volumes, along with a Postscript that gives a brief description of what the remaining work would have been.

## Stories include

* Primitive hunters living before the last Ice-age
* Similar hunter gatherers returning after the ice, and their possible marriage-customs
* The arrival of the first Neolithic farmers; in this case pastoralists with sheep, which the local hunters don't initially recognise as creatures they should not hunt.
* A visiting astronomer-priest from the culture that later produced the Stonehenge trilithons
* Peaceful people are hit by murderous raiders, and realise that they will have to adapt to be secure
* The same people a few generations on get taken over by a professional warrior, who says he is there to help
* Celtic warriors now dominate, and their values contradict those of the older peoples
* The defeat of a Roman force by Welsh tribesmen, the Silures.
* 'King Arthur', here seen as Artorius, a warlord who had defeated the Saxons but here seen as a burden to the ordinary farmers who produced the food that the warriors ate.
* Harold Godwinson riding through, having briefly chased out the Normans during the reign of Edward the Confessor.
* The Normans pushing into Wales after 1066
* A local revolt that merges into the general rebellion of Owain Glyndŵr in the early 15th century.
* Sir John Oldcastle seeking refuge after being persecuted for supporting the Lollards.
# Garmsir District

Garmsir District (or Garmser; Pashto: ګرمسير; from Persian گرمسیر, meaning "hot place") is located in the southern part of Helmand Province, Afghanistan. The district is large, but all the villages are along the Helmand River. The rest is a desert. The district capital, Garmsir, is located in the northwestern part of the district on the east bank of Helmand River.

## History

Garsmir was controlled by the Safavid dynasty of Iran in the 17th century, under the name Tor Agha. In 1747, Ahmad Shah Durrani conquered it and changed the name to Garmsir, which means "hot place" in Persian. Ahmad Shah sent Pashtun settlers from the Alizai and Nurzai tribes to occupy and farm the land.
Between the 1950s and 1970s, Garmsir was transformed by the work of the Helmand and Arghandab Valley Authority, which built a canal system throughout Helmand and vastly increased the amount of arable land in Garsmir. In the early 1970s, King Zahir Shah and his successor Mohammed Daoud sent 25,000 immigrants to Garmsir to occupy the newly irrigated land.
Garmsir was contested throughout the Soviet–Afghan War, with mujahideen controlling the majority of the district and communist forces holding the district center. The mujahideen captured the district center in August 1988 and expelled the communists. Following the mujahideen victory, violence broke out between Alizai and Noorzai tribal leaders over who would rule the district. The fighting ended with an Alizai victory in September 1989, when Nasim Akhundzada brought 600 fighters from Musa Qala to reinforce the Alizai. Approximately 300 people were killed during the year-long conflict. The Alizai chose a Barakzai man named Abdullah Jan to serve as district governor.
In early 1995, the Taliban conquered Garmsir, along with the rest of Helmand. They ruled until the United States invasion of Afghanistan in 2001.
During the War in Afghanistan (2001–present), the Battle of Garmsir took place in the district from 2007 to 2011. The district contained ISAF installations including Forward Operating Base Delhi and Camp Dwyer.

## Geography

The district consists largely of desert terrain, except for a narrow irrigated strip 10 kilometers wide and 70 kilometers long in the valley of the Helmand River. Almost all of the population lives in the irrigated area. The four main communities are Hazar Joft, Darveshan, Laki, and Safar.

## Demographics

The population is 85,500 - 99% of them Pashtun and 1% Balouch.

## Economy

The district is poor. Main sources of income include daily wages (labors, working in fruit markets, and selling home products, driving, shop keeping etc.) and agriculture. Agriculture is the main source of income and most of the arable land is irrigated.
# La Chapelle-Bouëxic

La Chapelle-Bouëxic (French pronunciation:; Breton: Chapel-ar-Veuzid) is a commune in the Ille-et-Vilaine department in Brittany in northwestern France.
It is located southwest of Rennes between Pont-Péan and Guer.

## Population

Inhabitants of La Chapelle-Bouëxic are called Chapellois in French.
# Aliabad-e Sanjeh Bashi

Aliabad-e Sanjeh Bashi (Persian: علي ابادسنجه باشي, also Romanized as ‘Alīābād-e Sanjeh Bāshī; also known as ‘Alīābād-e Sanjeh Vāsheh) is a village in Baqerabad Rural District, in the Central District of Mahallat County, Markazi Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 25, in 6 families.
# Pay Doldol, Golestan

Pay Doldol (Persian: پي دل دل, also Romanized as Pāy Doldol) is a village in Nilkuh Rural District in the Central District of Galikash County, Golestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 391, in 105 families.
# Stéphane Noro

Stéphane Noro (born 22 November 1979) is a French former professional footballer who played as a midfielder.
# Ahmed Abdelwahab

Ahmed Yasser Abdelwahab (Arabic: أحمد ياسر عبد الوهاب; born 18 June 2001) is an Egyptian basketball player for Zamalek. Standing at 1.98 m (6 ft 6 in), he plays as small forward.

## Early career

Abdelwahab started playing basketball at 6 years old at Zamalek. Because of his father's work, he moved to the United Arab Emirates where he played for the junior teams of Al-Nasr SC and later to Qatar, where he played with Al-Gharafa.

## Professional career

Abdelwahab played his first minutes for the Zamalek first team when he was 17. He also joined Zamalek in the 2021 BAL season, where the team won the first-ever BAL championship.

## BAL career statistics

| Year | Team | GP | GS | MPG | FG% | 3P% | FT% | RPG | APG | SPG | BPG | PPG |
| 2021† | Zamalek | 5 | 0 | 8.2 | .417 | .143 | .500 | 1.0 | .6 | .0 | .0 | 2.4 |
| Career | Career | 5 | 0 | 8.2 | .417 | .143 | .500 | 1.0 | .6 | .0 | .0 | 2.4 |

## Personal

Abdelwahab his father, Yasser, was a successful basketball player, who also played for Zamalek and won the 1992 FIBA Africa Club Champions Cup with the club.
# Pirallahı raion

Pirallahı raion (Azerbaijani: Pirallahı Rayonu) is a municipal district of the city of Baku, capital of Azerbaijan. It contains three settlements: Pirallahı, Çilov and Neft Daşları.
* This Baku location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# Qalat, Naqadeh

Qalat (Persian: قلات, also Romanized as Qalāt; also known as Qalātān) is a village in Almahdi Rural District, Mohammadyar District, Naqadeh County, West Azerbaijan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 171, in 30 families.
# Alexander Martynyuk

Alexander Akimovich Martynyuk (Russian: Александр Акимович Мартынюк; 11 September 1945 – 16 November 2022) was a Russian ice hockey player who played in the Soviet Hockey League.

## Career

He played for HC Spartak Moscow with linemates Alexander Yakushev and Vladimir Shadrin. During the 1973 World Ice Hockey Championships Martynyuk scored eight goals against West Germany. He was inducted into the Russian and Soviet Hockey Hall of Fame in 1973.