OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Eastwâld

Eastwâld (Dutch: Oostwoud) is a hamlet in the municipality of Dantumadiel in the province of Friesland, the Netherlands.
It is located to the east of Driezum, with habitation on both sides of the Strobosser Trekfeart. On the east side, it passes into the hamlet of Keatlingwier. On the west side lies the Rinsma State, which was an important stately house and served as the town hall of Dantumadiel from 1971 until 1999. The Driezumer Bos is a wood situated around the state, and on the southern grounds of the hamlet lies the recreation and nature area Rinsma pôlle. This area was the former Petsleat / Swemmer dredging depot, used between 1972 and 1985.

## History

The place was first mentioned in 1543 as Oestwoldt. In 1580, it was listed as Oestwoud.
Eastwâld probably developed into its own settlement after the first part of the Strobosser Trekfeart was excavated in the 16th century. This boat / barge-canal was paid for by the inhabitants of the region themselves. In 1654-1656, the city Dokkum paid for the second part of the canal. However, the costs were too high, and the canal fell into the hands of creditors. To get money out of it, four toll houses were built along the canal, two of which were placed at Eastwâld. In 1780, major maintenance was required on the canal, but the owners decided to sell the canal to the province of Friesland instead of deepening it themselves. In 1876, the Dutch government became the owner of the canal and the adjacent path, the Trekwei.
In the 18th and 19th centuries, the hamlet was called Oostwoude, a name that sometimes pops up in the 20th and 21st century alongside Oostwoud in Dutch. In West Frisian, the place is called Eastwâld. In 2008, the municipality of Dantumadiel decided to replace all the official Dutch names within the municipality with the West Frisian names, making Eastwâld the official name for the hamlet from 2009 onward.
# Agnes Cowper

Agnes Cowper aka Agnes Shell (born c. 1559) was an English servant and vagrant. She lived in London and her life was recorded in detail as neighboring parishes tried to avoid her being dependant on their charity.

## Life

Cowper was born in the parish of St Olave Silver Street. Her father was William Cowper and he did embroidery. Her mother's name is not recorded, but after her father died she remarried to a man called William Shell who was a capper. Her mother and her new stepfather also died. Her stepfather left her an inheritance at the age of twelve of £6 3s 4d. William Giblett was one of the executors and he was also a capper. She became his apprentice working for nine years until he too died. Giblett's executor was Gabriel Wood and in time both Cowper and Giblett's widow went to work for him. Making caps was a skilled profession that was protected by law. In 1571 under the reign of Elizabeth I a new law was passed requiring men to wear a thick knitted cap every Sunday with a penalty fine of 3s/4d for anyone who failed to comply. The caps so worn had to be made in England as the purpose was to protect the trade. Cowper herself realised at this time that the capping business was in decline but she stuck with it until the 1590s when she was about thirty and out of work.
She had no skilled work so she took to unskilled work. She was twelve years with a costermonger named Goodwife Cleere and then as a servant for the Dutch Rossendale family until the recently widowed father decided to return to the continent. From when she was about fifty, she could only find irregular work as a charwoman or begging. The Poor Relief Act 1601 created a poor law in England where Overseer of the poor would distribute money. In 1619 she was identified by Christopher Fawcett as burdensome on St Saviour's parish. She was a vagrant and the parishes wanted to avoid paying for anyone who was not a native of that parish. Cowper was given a detailed interview and biographies of her are largely based on those records. She was returned to St Olave's parish but they returned her until in July 1619 the two parishes decided to split the cost of keeping her as the case was too complex to resolve otherwise.
# Plouëc-du-Trieux

Plouëc-du-Trieux (French pronunciation:; Breton: Ploueg-Pontrev) is a commune in the Côtes-d'Armor department of Brittany in northwestern France.

## Population

Inhabitants of Plouëc-du-Trieux are called plouëcois in French.
# Live Is Life (album)

Live Is Life is the first live album by Austrian pop rock band Opus. It was released in 1984 on the OK Musica label. It includes the song "Live Is Life", which was a worldwide hit. The album peaked at #1 in Austria.
# Ragdan

Ragdan (Azerbaijani: Raqdan; Russian: Рагдан) is a mountain peak of the Greater Caucasus range, located in the Qusar District of Azerbaijan and Dokuzparinsky District of Dagestan, Russia. It has elevation of 4,020 metres (13,189 ft) above sea level.

## Geography

Ragdan sits among two other peaks in the Greater Caucasus range, Bazarduzu and Charundagh. The southernmost point of Russia is located 2,2 kilometres east of Ragdan, at an altitude of over 3,500 metres (11,483 ft).
# Saint-Didier, Ille-et-Vilaine

Saint-Didier (French pronunciation:; Breton: Sant-Ider; Gallo: Saent-Didier) is a commune in the Ille-et-Vilaine department in Brittany in northwestern France.

## Population

Inhabitants of Saint-Didier are called déodatiens in French.
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| 1793 | 1,226 | — |
| 1800 | 1,023 | −2.55% |
| 1806 | 1,030 | +0.11% |
| 1821 | 1,159 | +0.79% |
| 1831 | 1,134 | −0.22% |
| 1836 | 1,106 | −0.50% |
| 1841 | 1,104 | −0.04% |
| 1846 | 1,048 | −1.04% |
| 1851 | 1,055 | +0.13% |
| 1856 | 1,000 | −1.07% |
| 1861 | 980 | −0.40% |
| 1866 | 920 | −1.26% |
| 1872 | 881 | −0.72% |
| 1876 | 871 | −0.28% |
| 1881 | 841 | −0.70% |
| 1886 | 833 | −0.19% |
| 1891 | 822 | −0.27% |
| 1896 | 815 | −0.17% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| 1901 | 848 | +0.80% |
| 1906 | 853 | +0.12% |
| 1911 | 790 | −1.52% |
| 1921 | 725 | −0.85% |
| 1926 | 689 | −1.01% |
| 1931 | 697 | +0.23% |
| 1936 | 682 | −0.43% |
| 1946 | 691 | +0.13% |
| 1954 | 693 | +0.04% |
| 1962 | 679 | −0.25% |
| 1968 | 652 | −0.67% |
| 1975 | 679 | +0.58% |
| 1982 | 859 | +3.42% |
| 1990 | 1,055 | +2.60% |
| 1999 | 1,275 | +2.13% |
| 2007 | 1,636 | +3.17% |
| 2012 | 1,884 | +2.86% |
| 2017 | 2,052 | +1.72% |
Source: EHESS and INSEE (1968-2017) :
# Čaloševo

Čaloševo (Macedonian: Чалошево) is a village located in the northeast part of Veles Municipality in North Macedonia. It is estimated to have 197 inhabitants. The population is mostly engaged in agriculture, farming and construction. The young people are engaged in athletics and sports.

## Name

Name Čaloševo originates from the Turkish language and it was formerly known as Çalışlar.

## History

Nikola Ognjanov ((1830-1835) - 1901)
Nikola Ognjanov who brought the first change in the village with its trading activities was one of the most merchants at the time that traded in Thessaloniki, Greece. In 1883 he won the award for the best trader in Veles region. Nikola Ognjanov was born in village Čaloševo. Unhappy died in 1901 in the village Čaloševo, was stabbed by a bull which was outraged.
Because Macedonia was under Ottoman rule, the same happened in the small village Čaloševo. The population in the village at that time was predominantly Muslim with less Christian. The village several Christian homes with these surnames (Ognjanovi, Tosevi, Gjoshevi, Ilcovi and Mokrovi). On the 1927 ethnic map of Leonhard Schulze-Jena, the village is written as "Čališlar" and shown as a mixed Turkish and Christian Bulgarian village. The amount of Turks later reduced, particularly in a period of 1921-1958, they migrated completely to Türkiye. Today the population of Christian faith has about 70 families

## Demographics

As of the 2021 census, Čaloševo had 209 residents with the following ethnic composition:
* Macedonians 203
* Persons for whom data are taken from administrative sources 4
* Others 4
According to the 2002 census, the village had a total of 210 inhabitants. Ethnic groups in the village include:
* Macedonians 206
* Serbs 3
* Others 1
# 40 let Oktyabrya

40 let Oktyabrya (Russian: 40 лет Октября) is a rural locality (a settlement) in Dzerzhinskoye Rural Settlement of Kashirsky District, Russia. The population was 44 as of 2010.

## Streets

* 40 let Oktyabrya

## Geography

40 let Oktyabrya is located 44 km west of Kashirskoye (the district's administrative centre) by road. Imeni Dzerzhinskogo is the nearest rural locality.
# Independent Democratic Party (Yugoslavia)

The Independent Democratic Party (Serbo-Croatian: Samostalna demokratska stranka, Самостална демократска странка; Slovene: Samostojna demokratska stranka, SDS) was a social liberal political party in the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes, and later the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. It was established by Svetozar Pribićević as a breakaway faction of the Democratic Party in 1924. It was formed by three different groups: by far the largest group were the Serbs from the areas of the former Austro-Hungarian Empire, that is Croatian, Bosnian and Vojvodina Serbs, with the prevalence of the first. The second most influential group were Slovene centralist liberals. The third group was composed by Croat liberals, mostly from Dalmatia and Zagreb.
In the first three years of its existence, the party supported a strong central Yugoslav government, fiercely opposing the federalism of the Croatian Peasant Party, the Croatian nationalism and the Croatian Party of Rights, ethnic Serbian hegemonism of the People's Radical Party, and Slovenian and Bosnian quests for territorial autonomy, supported respectively by the Slovene People's Party and the Yugoslav Muslim Organization. In 1927, however, they reached an agreement with Stjepan Radić's Croatian Peasant Party, forming the Peasant-Democratic Opposition, which demanded a decentralization of Yugoslavia. After the establishment of the royal dictatorship of King Alexander I of Yugoslavia in January 1929, the party was officially dissolved, but continued to function underground, while its president Svetozar Pribićević went into exile. Many of its members joined the officially sponsored Yugoslav Radical Peasants' Democracy (renamed to Yugoslav National Party in 1933), including the great majority of its Slovenian members.
After Pribićević's death in exile in 1936, the leader of the party became Srđan Budisavljević. After the reinstatement of political parties ahead of the 1935 election, the Independent Democratic Party was allowed to function legally again. It joined the United Opposition led by Vladko Maček.
In the mid-1920s, before the "anti-centralist turn" of the party in 1927, the Independent Democratic Party drew support from the militant Yugoslav nationalist organization ORJUNA.

## Electoral performances

* 1925: 4.8% (8 MPs)
* 1927: 8.6% (27 MPs)
(banned; from 1929 to 1935)
* 1935 and 1938; in alliance with HSS
# President of the Government of Catalonia

The president of the Government of Catalonia (Catalan: President de la Generalitat de Catalunya, IPA:) is head of government of Catalonia, leading the executive branch of the Generalitat de Catalunya, the Catalan government.
It is one of the bodies that the Statute of Autonomy of Catalonia stipulates as part of the Generalitat de Catalunya, others being the Parliament, the Govern or Executive Council, the Council for Statutory Guarantees, and the Catalan Ombudsman (Síndic de Greuges).
The current president is Salvador Illa of the Socialists' Party of Catalonia, who won a plurality in the 2024 Catalan regional election and formed the first unionist government in Catalonia since 2010.

## The current presidency

The president is elected by the Parliament of Catalonia and appointed by the King of Spain. The office has both representative and governmental functions.

### Representative functions

The president holds the highest representation of the Generalitat and the ordinary of the State in the autonomous community. He is also in charge of the domestic relations with the other bodies of the State and with the autonomous communities of Spain that Catalonia shares interests with. The President is also responsible for calling for elections (which must be done at least every four years) and appointing the regional ministers (officially called consellers) and other high offices as stipulated by law. As ordinary representative of the State in Catalonia, he promulgates laws in the autonomous community in name of the King.

### Governmental functions

The president is member of the Catalan government and leads and coordinates it. He selects and may dismiss the ministers, call for a meeting of the Executive Council, and act as its chairman. Further, he signs decrees accorded by the Executive Council and orders them to be published. He can also call for an extraordinary meeting of the Catalan parliament which, given the case, can be ordered to be dissolved or hold a general debate.
Moreover, the president must coordinate the legislative agenda of its government, the elaboration of general normatives and give all the information that Parliament may decide to request.
# Brühl

Brühl or Bruhl may refer to:

## Places
### Germany

* Brühl (Rhineland), a town in North Rhine-Westphalia
** Brühl station, a railway station
* Brühl (Baden), a town in Baden-Württemberg, near Mannheim
* Brühl (Leipzig), a street in Leipzig
* Brühl's Terrace, a historic architectural ensemble in Dresden

### Poland

* Brühl Palace, Warsaw

## Other uses

* Brühl (surname)
* Brühl (family)
* Brühl train disaster, 2000 in Germany
* Höfe am Brühl, shopping mall in Leipzig, Germany
* SC Brühl, football club based in St. Gallen, Switzerland
* Stadion Brühl, football stadium at Grenchen in the Canton of Solothurn, Switzerland
# Abdullah Numan

Abdullah Numan (Serbian Cyrillic: Абдулах Нуман; born 1950) (also spelled Abdullah Nu'man, Arabic: عبدالله نعمان) is a Serbian-Australian academic and Islamic cleric currently serving as Mufti of Serbia.

## Biography

Born in Belgrade, SR Serbia in 1950 as Ivan Trifunović into a Serbian Orthodox family. Trifunović first encountered an Arab Muslim exchange student in Belgrade's Republic Square in 1969 who lent him money. This experience and love of the counter-culture inspired Trifunović and four friends to explore the orient, boarding a train first to Istanbul, reaching Nepal before they had depleted their funds. His friends returned home, whilst Trifunović having been deported from Nepal, embarked on a six-month journey throughout India. During his travels Trifunović underwent an Islamic conversion in Rajasthan, where he was conferred the Muslim name Abdullah Numan.
Upon his returned from India, Numan encountered opposition to his conversion to Islam from family members, though his aunt and actress, Ružica Sokić did support his right to practice his faith and encouraged her nephews spiritual development. Numan began attending Bajraki Mosque soon befriending the Mufti of Serbia, Hamdija Jusufspahić, who appointed him as his personal secretary, thus becoming his primary mentor.
Once competing compulsory military service in 1975, Numan married Razija, an Australian from Melbourne whom he had met in Belgrade. The couple relocate to Melbourne where Numan completed four university diplomas in: Islamic studies, Philosophy, Sociology and Business Management. He completed his postgraduate studies at the University of Melbourne in 1982 with the topic "Understanding God and His Names and Properties in Islamic Theology from Hassan al-Basri to Ghazali", later completing his doctoral dissertation on "The Concept of the Individual and Community in Islam".
Numan worked as a university lecturer in Australia before returning to Serbia. In June 2016 the Supreme Assembly of the Islamic Community of Serbia convened in Novi Pazar. Following a schism in the community the entire Riyaset of Serbia, headed by Reis-ul-ulema (Grand Mufti) Adem Zilkić, was dismissed. Sead Nasufović was appointed the new Reis-ul-ulema, whilst Numan was appointed to serve a five-year term as the Mufti of Serbia replacing Muhamed Jusufspahić.
# Rakov Škocjan

Rakov Škocjan (pronounced) is a settlement south of Rakek in the Municipality of Cerknica in the Inner Carniola region of Slovenia. The surrounding area of the Rak Škocjan Valley is a regional nature reserve known as Rak Škocjan Park.

## Name

The name Rakov Škocjan literally means 'Škocjan on Rak Creek'. Like other settlements named Škocjan, the name is a contraction of *šent Kǫcьjanъ 'Saint Cantianus', referring to the patron saint of the local church. The ruins of Saint Cantianus' Church are located above Big Natural Bridge (Slovene: Veliki Naravni most) in Rak Škocjan Park.

## History

The area is an Iron Age archaeological site.
In the early 17th century, St. Cantianus's Church was built above the Rakov Škocjan Valley in the late Gothic style. Only ruins have been preserved until today.
An inn offering accommodation and a number of vacation houses were built in what is now Rakov Škocjan in 1963.
The settlement of Rakov Škocjan was formally established in 1988, when its territory was separated from the settlement of Slivice.
# John Marshall (biographer)

John Marshall (c. 1784 – 1837) was an English officer in the Royal Navy who became a biographer of British naval officers.

## Life

Probably born in 1784, Marshall is likely to have started his service with the Royal Navy in 1793 as a child during the French Revolutionary Wars. According to Marshall, he "went to sea at nine years of age, and served during the whole of the late war in vessels of a class to which no schoolmaster is allowed",. He probably served on sloops, cutters, or other small craft.
On 14 February 1815, Marshall was promoted to the rank of lieutenant and probably retired then with a pension.
In 1823, Marshall published the Royal Naval Biography, or Memoirs of the Services of all the Flag-Officers ... Post Captains, and Commanders whose names appeared on the Admiralty List of Sea Officers at the commencement of the present year (1823), or who have since been promoted.
Marshall published new editions of this work until 1835, extending to twelve octavo volumes. Much of the biographical material was contributed by the officers themselves, although Marshall did include copies of official or private letters, and other documents.
Marshall died in early 1837.
# Fanny Rush

Fanny Rush is a London-based portrait painter, best known for her portrait of US Ambassador Robert Tuttle for the American Embassy, London 2015.

## Biography

Based in Chelsea, London, Fanny Rush is a portrait painter, the daughter of two artists, Peter Rush and Caroline Lucas and also sister of the sculptor Joe Rush. She is the granddaughter of the author Mary Norton best known for the children's classics Bedknobs and Broomsticks and The Borrowers.

## Portraits

Rush has painted portraits of:
* Ambassador Robert Holmes Tuttle, US Ambassador to the UK. This portrait hangs at The American Embassy, London.
* Sir William Castell, Chairman of The Wellcome Trust, Executive Director of B.P. and of General Electric, USA. This portrait hangs at The Wellcome Trust, London.
* Sir Paul Nurse, Nobel Laureate former President of Rockefeller University New York, former President of the Royal Society London and Chief Executive and Director of the Francis Crick Institute London.
* Sir Michael Dixon, Chairman of the Natural History Museum, London.
* John Studzinski CBE, Senior Managing Director and Global Head of Blackstone Group, New York.
* Sunil Mittal, founder Chairman and Managing Director of Bharti Airtel Group, India.
* Mervyn Davies, Baron Davies of Abersoch CBE, formerly UK Trade Minister and Chairman of Standard Chartered Bank.
* Sharad Pawar, Minister for Agriculture, India, and President of the International Cricket Council.
* Oliver Stocken CBE, Chairman of Marylebone Cricket Club and of the Natural History Museum, London.
* Kevin Ching C.E.O. of Sotheby's Asia, Hong Kong.
* Shane Warne (2005), commissioned by Marylebone Cricket Club for the Long Room at Lord's Cricket Ground, London. There was some controversy at the time of the unveiling because Rush omitted Warne's signature diamond earrings that he always wore during matches because she didn't want them to detract from the cricket ball in the painting.
* Charles Dance, Actor.
* Michael Buerk, British journalist and newsreader.
* David Cull, British tennis player.

## Publications

Published works include Painting the light by Fanny Rush, The Artist Magazine February 2015 and The Patience of Ordinary Things, published by Phaidon Press.
# Yayladüzü, Gercüş

Yayladüzü (Kurdish: Gundik) is a village in the Gercüş District of Batman Province in Turkey. The village is populated by Kurds of the Habezbenî tribe and had a population of 190 in 2021.
The hamlet of Dereli is attached to the village.
# Stepnobugrinsky

Stepnobugrinsky (Russian: Степнобугринский) is a rural locality (a settlement) in 12 let Oktyabrya Selsoviet of Pospelikhinsky District, Altai Krai, Russia. The population was 20 in 2017. There are 3 streets.

## Geography

Stepnobugrinsky is located 60 km south of Pospelikha (the district's administrative centre) by road. Cheburikha is the nearest rural locality.
# Serince, Lice

Serince, also known as Serin, (Kurdish: Pîrik) is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Lice, Diyarbakır Province in Turkey. It is populated by Kurds and had a population of 76 in 2022.
# Altınoluk, Yüksekova

Altınoluk (Kurdish: Elver) is a neighborhood in Yüksekova in Yüksekova District of Hakkâri Province in Turkey. It is populated by Kurds of the Dirî and Kaşuran tribes and had a population of 695 in 2023.
Altınoluk was a village until 2023.

## Population

Population history from 1997 to 2023:
# Rahimabad, Falavarjan

Rahimabad (Persian: رحيم اباد, also Romanized as Raḩīmābād) is a village in Garkan-e Shomali Rural District, Pir Bakran District, Falavarjan County, Isfahan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 122, in 36 families.
# Shahrak-e Hamzeh, Ilam

Shahrak-e Hamzeh (Persian: شهرك حمزه, also Romanized as Shahrak-e Ḩamzeh; also known as Ḩamzeh and Shāvarīyeh) is a village in Dasht-e Abbas Rural District, Musian District, Dehloran County, Ilam Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 541, in 86 families. The village is populated by Arabs.