OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Guayaquil City F.C.

Guayaquil City F.C. (known as C.D. River Ecuador until 2017) is an Ecuadorian professional football club based in Guayaquil. They currently play in the country's second-level football league, the Serie B, after being relegated from the top tier Ecuadorian Serie A at the end of the 2023 season.

## History

Formed in 2007 as Club Deportivo River Plate Ecuador (or River Ecuador), the club was founded through a partnership with the dominant Argentinian side River Plate. By 2010 the relationship had already ended, but the club continued to operate under its given name and with River Plate's traditional red kit colour.
On 11 July 2017 it was announced that River Ecuador had renamed themselves to Guayaquil City Fútbol Club, changing their strip to sky blue and white horizontal stripes. The new name, kit colours and badge design prompted a number of claims that the change in identity was the result of a takeover by the Manchester City-linked City Football Group, though no evidence of this was forthcoming.

## Statistics
### Serie A

* Seasons: 9 (2015–2023)
* Matches played: 132
** Wins: 38
** Draws: 32
** Losses: 62
* Goals for: 137
* Goals against: 184
* Goals difference: -47
* Points: 146
* All-time position: 7th

### Serie B

* Seasons: 5 (2010–2014)

### Segunda Categoría

* Seasons: 2 (2008–2009)

## Players
### Current squad

As of 26 March, 2023.
Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.
| No. | Pos. | Nation | Player |
| 2 | DF | BRA | Klebinho |
| 3 | DF | ECU | John Narváez |
| 6 | DF | ECU | Roger Arias |
| 7 | MF | URU | Wiston Fernández |
| 8 | MF | ECU | Jean Humanante |
| 14 | MF | ECU | Manuel Corozo |
| 15 | MF | ECU | Kevin Sambonino |
| 16 | FW | URU | Renato César |
| 17 | DF | ECU | Junior Ayoví |
| 18 | FW | URU | Agustín Dávila (on loan from Boston River) |
| No. | Pos. | Nation | Player |
| 20 | MF | ECU | Emerson Espinoza |
| 21 | DF | ECU | Kevin Becerra |
| 23 | MF | ECU | Fernando Guerrero |
| 28 | MF | ECU | Jean Montaño |
| 30 | GK | ECU | Bolivar Pico |
| 37 | DF | ECU | Carlos Medina |
| 55 | MF | ECU | Gustavo Nnachi |
| – | DF | ECU | Marlon Mejia |
| – | MF | ECU | Silvano Estacio |

## Managers

* Kléber Fajardo (2007)
* César Vigevani (2008–2010)
* Kléber Fajardo (2012)
* Humberto Pizarro (2012–2015)
* Marcelo Trobbiani (2015)
* Guillermo Sanguinetti (2016)
* Pablo Trobbiani (interim) (2016)
* Ángel Gómez (2017)
* Gabriel Perrone (2017)
* Pool Gavilánez (2017–present)
# Nighantu

Nighaṇṭu (Sanskrit: निघण्टु, IPA:) is a Sanskrit term for a traditional collection of words, grouped into thematic categories, often with brief annotations. Such collections share characteristics with glossaries and thesauri, but are not true lexicons, such as the kośa of Sanskrit literature. Particular collections are also called nighaṇṭava.
While a number of nighantavas devoted to specialized subjects exist, the eponymous Nighantu of the genre is an ancient collection, handed down from Vedic times. It was the subject of the Nirukta, a commentary, together with a treatise on etymology, by Yaska. Technically, Yaska's Nirukta should designate his commentary only, but traditionally the Nighantu has been understood to be included in it.

## The Traditional Nighantu

According to Yaska (Nirukta 1.20), the Nighantu was a collection of rare or difficult words gathered by earlier sages for easier understanding of Vedic texts that perhaps they may not have fully understood themselves. The collection comprises five adhyāyas or chapters, in three kāṇḍas or books:
* naighaṇṭuka kāṇḍa: three adhyāyas of similes, synonyms, metonyms and other glosses. The first adhyāya deals mainly with physical things and objects of nature. The second adhyāya deals mainly with man, his physical being, and qualities associated with his being, such as property and emotional states. The third adhyāya deals mainly with abstract qualities and concepts.
* naigama kāṇḍa: one adhyāya of homonyms (aikapadikam) and particularly difficult or ambiguous words.
* daivata kāṇḍa: one adhyāya of epithets of divine beings.
Yaska's Nirukta covers the Naighantuka somewhat synoptically, often merely echoing a given gloss, but deals with the 278 words of the Naigama and the 151 names of the Daivata in detail. A full word-by-word commentary on the Naighantuka was written by Devarajayajvan, some time before the 14th CE.
A critical edition of the Nighantu and the Nirukta was published in the 1920s by Lakshman Sarup. In it, two major recensions were identified, one longer than the other, indicating additions at untraceable yet relatively early dates. It is now customary to render both recensions together, with the additions of the longer recension in parentheses.
# Osoyoos Indian Band

The Osoyoos Indian Band (Okanagan: Swiw̓s) is a First Nations government in the Canadian province of British Columbia, located in the town of Oliver and Osoyoos in the Okanagan valley, approximately four kilometres (2+1⁄2 miles) north of the Canada–United States border. They are a member of the Okanagan Nation Alliance. The band controls about 32,000 acres of land in the vicinity of the town of Oliver and Osoyoos.
The band's Nk'Mip Desert Cultural Centre (pronounced “in-Ka-meep”) is located on the east side of Osoyoos. The centre gives tours in the arid region (similar to desert, but actually shrub-steppe) and explains the uniqueness of the plant species found there. The current chief of the band is Clarence Louie. Louie has pushed for economic self-reliance by expanding investments, including a vineyard and winery, a four-star resort, and a 9-hole golf course.
There are more than 600 band members who live and work on the reserve.

## Gallery

* Inuksuk on shore of sw̓iw̓s Provincial Park operated by Osoyoos Indian Band, Osoyoos Lake, Osoyoos, British Columbia
# Zaynab bint Umar ibn al-Kindi

Zainab Bint ‘Umar Bin Kindi (Arabic: زينب بنت عمر بن كندي) (died 699 Hijri / c. 1300 CE) was a female muhaddith in 13th century Damascus and Baalbek. She is most notable for being the most prominent "shaykha" or teacher of the Muslim scholar and historian Al-Dhahabi.

## Biography
### Scholarship

She received permissions (ijazah) to narrate from Al-Muayid al-Tusi, Abu Ruh al-Harawi, Zainab al-Sha’riyah, Al-Qasim Ibn-al-Saaffar, Abdul-Baqa al-Uqbari, ‘Abdul-‘Adhim Bin ‘Abdal-Latif al-Sharabi and Ahmed Bin Zafar Bin Hubairah. She studied Kitab al-Tawhid of Ibn Khuzaymah and had sanads going back to him.

### Personal life

Her husband was Nasir-al-Din Ibn Qarqin, the commissar of the Baalbek citadel. Zainab Bint ‘Umar Bin Kindi died on the 29th of Jumada Al-Aakhirah at the Baalbek citadel at the age of ninety.

### Notable students

She was a teacher of al-Dhahabi (1274–1348), the Islamic historian and traditionalist, when he was in Baalbek. Dhahabi learned the beginning of the Sahih Al-Bukhari from her as well as the beginning of the book of Al-Nikaah.
She was also a teacher of Muhammad ibn Qawalij, a tutor of Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani.

## Legacy

Al-Dhahabi writes about her that she was "a righteous woman, generous, who possessed piety and (gave) charity. She built a hospice for the poor and she bequeathed religious endowments." Dhahabi also says that she was "without parallel in the time (that she lived in)." He notes that his father, his maternal uncle, and many other people in Baalbek received the tradition from her ("Abul-Hussain Al-Yunini and his children and relatives, Ibn Abil-Fath and his two sons, Al-Mizzi and his elder son, Al-Birzali, Ibn-al-Nabulusi, Abu Bakr al-Rahbi, Ibn-al-Muhandis, Ahmed Ibn-al-Duraybi").
# The Great Panjandrum Himself

The Great Panjandrum Himself is one of sixteen picture books created by the illustrator Randolph Caldecott. The book was published in 1885 by Frederick Warne & Co. It was the last book illustrated by Caldecott, who died the following year.
The text for the book, well known during Caldecott's time, was written and published in 1775 by Samuel Foote. It is based on a piece of nonsense written by Foote ("And there were present the Picninnies, and the Joblillies, and the Garyulies and the Grand Panjandrum himself, with the little round button at the top."), written to test the memory of the actor Charles Macklin, who had claimed he could repeat any text verbatim after hearing it once.
The term "panjandrum" has since become used to describe a powerful person or a self-important official. The word is used in the 1909 song "I've Got Rings On My Fingers", which reads "...they named him Chief Pan Jan Drum, Nabob of them all".
During World War II, author and engineer Nevil Shute of the British military helped design an experimental rocket-propelled weapon which he named the Panjandrum.
A character named Panjandrum appears as a deus ex machina in the Thursday Next series, set in a fictional world created by the Panjandrum.

## Text

In 1885, Randolph Caldecott altered the formatting of the piece so that it read as verse and published it as a picture book. The text is as follows:
So she went into the garden to cut a cabbage-leaf to make an apple-pie; and at the same time a great she-bear, coming down the street, pops its head into the shop. What! no soap? So he died, and she very imprudently married the Barber: and there were present the Picninnies, and the Joblillies, and the Garyulies, and the great Panjandrum himself, with the little round button at top; and they all fell to playing the game of catch-as-catch-can, till the gunpowder ran out at the heels of their boots.
# Burlinskoye

Burlinskoye (Russian: Бурлинское) is a salt lake in Slavgorod municipality, Altai Krai, Russian Federation.
The lake is located at the northwestern end of the Krai. The nearest inhabited places are Bursol, located by the northeastern shore, and Slavgorod 17 kilometers (11 mi) to the southeast. The western shore lies 18 kilometers (11 mi) to the east of the Kazakhstan–Russia border. Burlinskoye is a tourist attraction owing to the seasonal pink color of its waters.

## History

Table salt has been mined at the lake since 1762. At the time of the USSR a small railway was built from Bursol village in the east to the middle of the lake in order to facilitate salt extraction. The rails barely rise above the lake surface. Salt mining was interrupted in 1998 but was resumed in 2010.
* The train used for collecting and transporting salt.

## Geography

Burlinskoye lies in the Kulunda Plain, part of the West Siberian Plain. The lakeshore is flanked by steep between 3 meters (9.8 ft) and 5 meters (16 ft) high cliff-like banks in the north, west and south, but it is flat and swampy on the eastern side. The pink color of the lake is seasonal, small intermittent streams flow into the lake during the spring season, turning the water green and making the level of the lake rise.
Lake Bolshoye Yarovoye lies 23 kilometers (14 mi) to the SSE, Peschanoye 26 kilometers (16 mi) to the NNE, Bolshoye Topolnoye 24 kilometers (15 mi) to the northwest and Maloye Yarovoye 43 kilometers (27 mi) to the ESE. Bolshoy Azhbulat lies in Kazakhstan, 57 kilometers (35 mi) to the WNW.

## Flora

There are no aquatic plants in the lake. Clubmoss and sedges, such as Cyperus fuscus and Blysmus rufus grow in some areas near the shore.
# Amar Wattar

Amar Wattar (Arabic: عمار وتار; born 25 January 1967) is a Syrian wrestler. He competed in the men's freestyle 68 kg at the 1988 Summer Olympics.
# Artmanja Vas

Artmanja Vas (pronounced or; Slovene: Artmanja vas) is a small village southeast of Dobrnič in the Municipality of Trebnje in eastern Slovenia. The area is part of the traditional region of Lower Carniola. The municipality is now included in the Southeast Slovenia Statistical Region.

## Name

Artmanja Vas was attested in historical sources as Herttendorf in 1250, Armansdorf in 1261, Hartmansdorff in 1354, and Artmansdarff in 1463, among other spellings.

## Climate

The local climate is warm, with an average temperature of 10.9 °C and an average rainfall of 1,220 mm.
# Sarashi, Perm Krai

Sarashi (Russian: Сараши) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative center of Sarashevskoye Rural Settlement, Bardymsky District, Perm Krai, Russia. The population was 1,446 as of 2010. There are 31 streets.

## Geography

Sarashi is located on the Sarashka River, 38 km southeast of Barda (the district's administrative centre) by road. Krasnoyar-1 is the nearest rural locality.
# Shingu, Iran

Shingu (Persian: شينگو, also Romanized as Shīngū) is a village in Kohurestan Rural District, in the Central District of Khamir County, Hormozgan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 153, in 36 families.
# Muğanlı, Kurdamir

40°19′20″N 48°19′29″E﻿ / ﻿40.32222°N 48.32472°E﻿ / 40.32222; 48.32472
Muğanlı (also, Mughanly) is a village and municipality in the Kurdamir District of Azerbaijan.
# Samuel Austin Moffett

Rev. Samuel Austin Moffett (1864–1939, Korean: 마포삼열, Hanja: 馬布三悅) was one of the early American Presbyterian missionaries to Korea.
He studied at Hanover College, Indiana, and in 1888 at McCormick Theological Seminary in Chicago. In 1889, he was appointed a missionary to Korea by the Presbyterian Church and arrived at Seoul. He moved to Pyongyang to focus on the ministry in the northern part of Korean peninsula. In 1901 he began a theological class with two students meeting in his home. Later, the institution founded by Moffett split, and became the Presbyterian University and Theological Seminary in Seoul, and the Presbyterian Theological Seminary in Pyongyang. Prior to the split, Moffett served as the president for 17 years and as a member of its faculty until 1935. He served for 46 years before being forced out by the Japanese occupiers who considered him as a harmful influence against their colonization policy. Moffett was also the third president of Soongsil University.
He returned to the United States in 1936 and died in 1939 at his home in Monrovia, California.

## Family

Moffett married Dr Alice Fish in 1899 and they had two sons; after her death, Moffett married her cousin Lucia Fish and they had three sons. Moffett and Lucia were the parents of Samuel Hugh Moffett who worked as a missionary in South Korea.
# Nanded earthquakes

The Nanded earthquakes were an earthquake swarm of over 500 events that has affected the town of Nanded in Maharashtra, India, that began in 2006. They were natural explosive sounds that were sometimes accompanied by mild tremors. The strongest events were felt on 31 March 2007, 12 November 2007, 14 December 2007, and on 3 March 2011. Each event caused widespread panic. Residents in the northern parts of Nanded that has been affected the most by the tremors moved to safer areas or stayed outdoors in temporary shelters in front of their homes.

## Earthquakes

Nanded is in seismic zone 2. The exact cause of the tremors & explosive sounds is not yet known, but the city is within 150 km (93 mi) of where the 1993 Latur earthquake took place. At that time minor tremors were experienced in Nanded.
Residents in Nanded panicked and ran out of their homes at 3:17 am on Thursday, 3 March 2011, when they felt earthquake tremors near magnitude 3. People were forced to abandon their homes to come out on the streets and open spaces as there were at least 39 aftershocks within the next 2 hours. These shocks were felt by the residents in Srinagar, Viveknagar, Kailashnagar, Snehnagar, Purna road, and Bhagyanagar. Though no casualties or damage were reported, the residents were terrorized by the tremors. The Nanded district collector called for an urgent meeting of the municipal council's section of disaster management and scientists from the National Geophysical Research Institute (NGRI), Hyderabad and Geological Survey of India (GSI), Nagpur were studying the shocks.
On Wednesday 31 August 2011, two shocks were experienced, the larger of the two being at 3:06 am local time. The second shock was accompanied with an explosive sound in the ground. Government officials and the media did not comment or publish any news on these shocks. Minor explosive sounds were heard in the ground on 7 September 2011 at around 9:00 am and again at 4:00 pm. The scientists from the NGRI, Hyderabad and GSI, Nagpur did not announce any of their observations or update their research results.

## Cause

The epicentres of the earthquakes define a northwest–southeast trending fault plane, parallel to most of the mapped faults in the area. The focal mechanism derived from all of the minor earthquakes is consistent with high-angle reverse faulting.
# Vladimir Borisovich Golitsyn

Prince Vladimir Borisovich Golitsyn (Russian: Владимир Борисович Голицын; 21 June [O.S. 10 June] 1731 – 5 January 1799 [O.S. 25 December 1798]) was a Russian statesman.

## Early life

21 June 1731. He was the son of Admiral Prince Boris Vasilevich Golitsyn (1705–1769) and his wife Ekaterina Ivanovna Strešneva (or Streshneva).
His father was the grandson of Prince Boris Alekseyevich Golitsyn, the uncle of Emperor Peter I. His grand-uncle was Prince Vasily Lukich Dolgorukov. His mother was the granddaughter, and sole heiress, of the first Governor-General of Moscow Tikhon Streshnev.

## Career

Prince Golitsyn took part in the Russo-Turkish War, retiring with the rank of Brigadier. Reportedly, he was a simple-minded man with a poorly managed large fortune. Following his marriage, his wife began to manage their household, quickly putting it in order and significantly increasing it.
In 1783, the Golitsyns left for France, traveling extensively around Europe. From 1786 to 1790, their sons attended a Parisian military school. After the start of the French Revolution, they traveled from London to their large mansion on the Rue Saint-Florentin, Paris, before returning to Russia in the autumn of 1790 at the insistence of the Empress. Upon their return, the family established itself in St Petersburg, and their home became a well-known refuge for French monarchist émigrés.

## Personal life

In 1766 he married Countess Natalya Petrovna Chernyshyova, a lady in waiting to Catherine the Great. Natalya was the daughter of Ekaterina Andreyevna (daughter of Count Andrei Ushakov [ru]) and diplomat Pyotr Chernyshyov, who was serving as Ambassador to Margraviate of Brandenburg at the time of her birth. Together, Vladimir and Natalya had five children:
* Pyotr Vladimirovich Golitsyn (1767–1778), who died young.
* Boris Vladimirovich Golitsyn (1769–1813), who fought in the Patriotic War of 1812 died in Vilna of wounds he sustained at the Battle of Borodino.
* Ekaterina Vladimirovna Golitsyna (1770–1854), who married Stepan Stepanovich Apraksin, with whom she had five children.
* Dmitry Vladimirovich Golitsyn (1771–1844), who married Tatiana Vasilyevna Golitsyna, with whom he had five children.
* Sofia Vladimirovna Golitsyna (1775–1845), who married Pavel Alexandrovich Stroganov, with whom she had five children.
In winter they lived in the city; in summer they lived on Viaziomy Manor, 40 km to the west of Moscow. Around 1784, he reportedly commissioned the modernized architecture style of their "datcha".
Golitsyn died in Moscow on 25 December 1798 and was buried in the Donskoy Monastery in Moscow.
# 8 Bishopsgate

8 Bishopsgate is a 51-storey, 204-metre (669 ft) tall commercial skyscraper located in the City of London financial district. When it opened in 2023, it was the 11th-tallest building in London. Situated on the corner of Bishopsgate and Leadenhall Street, it neighbours two taller skyscrapers, 122 Leadenhall Street and 22 Bishopsgate. It has a free viewing gallery on the 50th floor.

## History
### Previous building

The current skyscraper replaced 6–8 Bishopsgate, a 79 m (259 ft) tall office building that was the headquarters of Barings Bank up until the bank collapsed in 1995. Barings Bank had been based at 8 Bishopsgate since 1806, the building undergoing several expansions and refurbishments up until it was replaced by a high-rise. Designed by GMW Architects, construction started in 1977 and took four years. The building opened in 1981 and was in use until 2019.

### Planning

The original contested scheme for 8 Bishopsgate was submitted in 2015. The skyscraper was designed to be 'visually striking', incorporating high-quality warm building materials such as wood and marble to welcome visitors inside.
The building was constructed as part of a wave of high-rise development in the Bishopsgate area, caused by growing demand for office space in the City of London.
Demolition work on the previous buildings began in mid-2018, with construction work beginning on the new building in 2019. The skyscraper opened in 2023, and includes a free viewing platform, The Look Out, located on the 50th floor.

## Gallery

* 8 Bishopsgate in 2021
* 8 Bishopsgate in 2022
* Southeastern view from 50th floor of 8 Bishopsgate, with The Scalpel (left)
# Padshahi Balasiah-e Loop

Padshahi Balasiah-e Loop (Persian: پدشاهی بالاسیاه لوپ) is a village in Nosratabad Rural District, in the Mirjaveh of Zahedan County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 36, in 10 families.
# Toptepe, Midyat

Toptepe (Kurdish: Nibilê) is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Midyat, Mardin Province in Turkey. The village is populated by Kurds of the Elîkan tribe and had a population of 1,108 in 2021.
# Chantal Stern

Chantal Stern is a neuroscientist who uses techniques including functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to study the brain mechanisms of memory function. She is the Director of the Brain, Behavior and Cognition program and a professor of Psychological and Brain Sciences at Boston University. After completing a degree at McGill University, she performed her doctoral research at Oxford University with Richard Passingham.
Stern earned a DPhil in Experimental Psychology from Oxford University and a BA in psychology from McGill University.

## Imaging of hippocampal activation during encoding

Stern published the earliest functional magnetic resonance imaging study showing robust increases in blood flow to the hippocampus during memory encoding. Prior to this study, imaging studies did not observe robust changes in hippocampus during verbal memory tasks, but this study demonstrated clear increases in blood flow during encoding of complex novel visual scenes. This result was subsequently replicated in numerous studies demonstrating activity in the hippocampus and associated parahippocampal cortical regions during encoding of new information, including work showing that the magnitude of hippocampal activity during encoding of stimuli correlates with recognition of stimuli in subsequent memory tests.

## Medial temporal lobe activity during working memory for novel stimuli

Stern demonstrated that holding novel visual scenes in working memory involves activation of medial temporal lobe structures. This activation of medial temporal lobe for novel visual scenes contrasted with activation for familiar visual scenes that primarily appeared in the prefrontal cortex and parietal cortex, which were the focus of most previous fMRI studies of working memory function for familiar stimuli. Subsequent data supports this finding, including work showing impairments of working memory for novel stimuli caused by medial temporal lobe damage. In subsequent work, Stern linked this medial temporal lobe activity to mechanisms of persistent spiking shown in individual neurons.

## Hyperactivity in the hippocampus in presymptomatic familial Alzheimer's disease

Research in the Stern laboratory has addressed a range of clinical disorders, including HIV dementia, Parkinson's dementia and Alzheimer's disease. In research with Yakeel Quiroz, Stern showed higher fMRI signal (hyperactivity) in the hippocampal formation in young subjects with a mutation of the presenilin1 gene that results in familial Alzheimer's disease.