OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Ngangbam Shantikumar Meetei

Ngangbam Shantikumar Meetei' is a natural bodybuilding athlete as well as a Professor from Manipur who is a citizen of Taiwan. He is Mr. Asia champion as well as multiple INBA PNBA World champion, which includes Mr. Asia, World Cup, Natural Universe and Natural Olympia. He is the first Asian who won Professional Natural Olympia titles in bodybuilding.

## Early life

Ngangbam Shantikumar Meetei was born in Uripok Bachaspati Leikai, a locality in the capital of Imphal in Manipur, India.He is the youngest among the 10 children of Ngangbam Shellumgba Meetei and Ngangbam Angoubi Leima. Because of poverty and illiteracy as tenants, they moved from place to place looking jobs to feed the family full of children. Finally, they landed at Luwangsangbam and then to Kanglatongbi where Dr Shantikumar grew up and lived until 12 years old.

## Education

He completed matriculation from the Tera Rural Institute at Tera Sapam Leirak, Manipur. After completing a B.A. from DM College, Imphal, Manipur in 1989, he enrolled at the Jawaharlal Nehru University in New Delhi and completed his Masters and one year M. Phil and Ph.D in Linguistics in 1998.

## Bodybuilding career

He was crowned Mr World 2013 at Zakynthos, Greece, on 7 July 2013. Shantikumar won the gold medal in 40 to 49 age group and the silver medal in Open Men's Short class. He represented both Manipur and Taiwan in the Natural Olympia 2014.

## Personal life

Shantikumar is now a citizen of Taiwan. He is working as an English Professor at De Lin Institute of Technology, Taipei. He is the President of INBA Asia and INBA Taiwan. Shantikumar married Ng. Chen Nan Tai, from Taiwan, in December 1996. They have four children. His wife is an English teacher at Global Educational Institute in Taipei.
He published his own autobiography in 2014, titled My Journey: A Landless Peasant's Son on the Top of the World.
# Cheshmeh Pahn

Cheshmeh Pahn or Cheshmeh-ye Pahn or Chashmeh Pahn (Persian: چشمه پهن) may refer to:
* Cheshmeh Pahn, Hamadan
* Cheshmeh Pahn-e Nanaj, Hamadan Province
* Cheshmeh Pahn, Malekshahi, Ilam Province
* Cheshmeh Pahn, Shirvan and Chardaval, Ilam Province
* Cheshmeh Pahn-e Alishah, Kermanshah Province
* Cheshmeh Pahn-e Fereydun, Kermanshah Province
* Cheshmeh Pahn-e Rashid, Kermanshah Province
* Cheshmeh Pahn-e Dasht Rum, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province
* Cheshmeh Pahn Ganjegan, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province
* Cheshmeh Pahn, Markazi
# Ulupınar, Pertek

Ulupınar (Kurdish: Ûlûpar) is a village in the Pertek District, Tunceli Province, Turkey. The village is populated by Kurds of the Pilvenk tribe and had a population of 86 in 2021.
The hamlets of Hüseyinbaba and Kesmetaş are attached to the village.
# Aydar, Belgorod Oblast

Aydar (Russian: Айдар) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative center of Aydarskoye Rural Settlement, Rovensky District, Belgorod Oblast, Russia. The population was 1,183 as of 2010. There are 12 streets.

## Geography

Aydar is located 19 km north of Rovenki (the district's administrative centre) by road. Staraya Raygorodka and Fomina are the nearest rural localities.
# Rodna Mountains National Park

The Rodna Mountains National Park (Romanian: Parcul Național Munții Rodnei) is a protected area (national park category II IUCN) situated in Romania, in the administrative territory of counties Bistrița-Năsăud, Maramureș, and Suceava.

## Location

The National Park is located in Northern Romania, in the Rodna Mountains, a subdivision of the Eastern Carpathians.

## Description

The Rodna Mountains National Park with an area of 465.99 km$^2$ (179.92 sq mi) was declared natural protected area by the Law Number 5 of March 6, 2000 (published in Monitorul Oficial Number 152 of April 12, 2000) and represents a mountainous area (ridges, mountain peaks, cirques, crevasses, caves, moraines, springs, valleys, forests, and pastures) that shelters a large variety of flora and fauna species, some protected by law.
Natural reserves included in the park:
* Bistrița-Năsăud County
** Poiana cu narcise de pe Masivul Saca, 5 ha (12 acres)
** Ineu-Lala, 2,568 ha (6,350 acres)
** Izvoarele Mihăiesei, 50 ha (120 acres)
* Maramureș County
** Izvorul Bătrâna, 0.5 ha (1.2 acres)
** Pietrosu Mare, scientific reservation 3,300 ha (8,200 acres)
** Piatra Rea, scientific reservation 409 ha (1,010 acres)
* Suceava County
** Bila-Lala, 325.1 ha (803 acres)
# Confetti di Sulmona

The confetti di Sulmona (sg.: confetto di Sulmona) are Italian candy-coated almonds or dragées, a speciality of the comune (municipality) of Sulmona, in the province of L'Aquila, Abruzzo, where the oldest confectionery factory is located. They are commonly given as favors for weddings or other celebrations. Confetti di Sulmona sugar-coated almonds are often wrapped in brightly colored cellophane and arranged into flowers, or other shapes.
Confetti di Sulmona are listed as a prodotto agroalimentare tradizionale (PAT) by the Ministry of Agricultural, Food and Forestry Policies.
# Krzysztof Nykiel

Krzysztof Nykiel (born 8 August 1982) is a Polish former professional footballer who played as a defender.

## Career
### Club

Nykiel made 6 appearances for Polonia Warsaw during the 2005-06 season, and made 21 appearances for Ruch during the 2007–08 season.
In June 2011, he moved to Cracovia on a three-year contract.

## Honours

Ruch Chorzów
* II liga: 2006–07
# Krzysztof Paterka

Krzysztof Paterka (born 19 August 1986) is a Polish retired Paralympic swimmer who specialises in the breaststroke and competed in international elite competitions. He is a Paralympic bronze medalist, three-time World bronze medalist and a European silver medalist. He was born without his left forearm and was diagnosed with temporal lobe epilepsy as a young child.
# List of Sephardi chief rabbis of the Land of Israel

This list of Sephardi chief rabbis of the Land of Israel documents the rabbis who served as the spiritual leader of the Sephardic community in the Land of Israel from the mid-17thcentury to present. The Hebrew title for the position, Rishon LeZion (literally "First to Zion"), has been used since the beginning of the 17thcentury, and is sourced from a verse in Isaiah 41:27. Between 1842 and 1920 the position of Hakham Bashi of the Damascus Bilayet was officially recognised by the Ottoman and British governments.

## 17th century

* Moshe ben Yonatan Galante (1665–?)
* Moshe ibn Habib (1689–1696)

## 18th century

* Avraham Ben David Yitzhaki (1709–1729)
* Eliezer Ben Yaakov Nachum (c. 1730)
* Nissim Chaim Moshe Mizrachi (1748–1749)
* Israel Yaakov Algazi (c. 1754)
* Raphael Shmuel Meyuchas (1756–1771)
* Chaim Raphael Avraham Ben Asher (1771–1772)
* Raphael Moshe Bula (1772-1773)
* Yom Tov Algazi (1773–1802)

## 19th century

* Moshe Yosef Mordechai Meyuchas (1802–1806)
* Yaakov Moshe Ayash al-Maghrebi (1806–1817)
* Yaakov Korach (1817–1818)
* Raphael Yosef Hazan (1819–1821)
* Yom Tov Danon (1822–1823)
* Shlomo Moses Suzin (1824–1836)
* Yonah Moshe Navon (1836–1841)
* Yehuda Raphael Navon (1841–1842)
* Chaim Avraham Gagin (1842–1848) - first Hakham Bashi of Palestine recognized by Ottoman government.
* Yitzhak Kovo (1848–1854)
* Chaim Nissim Abulafia (1854–1861)
* Chaim David Hazan (1861–1869)
* Avraham Ashkenazi (1869–1880)
* Raphael Meir Panigel (1880–1892)
* Yaakov Shaul Elyashar (1893–1906)

## 20th century

* Yaakov Meir (1906)
* Eliyahu Moshe Panigel (1907)
* Nachman Batito (1909-1911)
* Moshe Franco (1911–1915)
* Chaim Moshe Elyashur (1914–1915)
* Nissin Yehuda Danun (1915–?)
* Yaakov Meir (1921–1939)
* Ben-Zion Meir Hai Uziel (1939–1954)
* Yitzhak Nissim (1955–1972)
* Ovadia Yosef (1973–1983)
* Mordechai Eliyahu (1983–1993)
* Eliyahu Bakshi-Doron (1993–2003)

## 21st century

* Shlomo Amar (2003—2013)
* Yitzhak Yosef (2013—2024)
* David Yosef (2024—)
# Juma Al Kaabi

Juma Mohammed Al Kaabi (Arabic: جمعة محمد الكعبي; 1966 – February 15, 2017) was an Emirati career diplomat who served as the United Arab Emirates Ambassador to Afghanistan from July 28, 2016 to January 10, 2017. Al Kaabi died from injuries sustained in the 10 January 2017 Afghanistan bombings while he was on a humanitarian mission to open an orphanage in Kandahar, Afghanistan.

## Early life and education

Al Kaabi was born in 1966 in the village of Wadi Al Qor in Ras Al Khaimah, United Arab Emirates. He was the eldest of his siblings. He has 2 brothers and 6 sisters. His father died while he was 18 years old and he became the primary caretaker of his family.

## Career

After finishing high school, he joined the United Arab Emirates Armed Forces. He then joined the UAE Ministry of Foreign Affairs for 8 years before being appointed on July 28, 2016 as the UAE Ambassador to Afghanistan.

## Death

On January 10, 2017 Al Kaabi was on a humanitarian mission to Kandahar province, Afghanistan, to lay the foundation stone of an orphanage sponsored by the UAE government. A bombing occurred while he was at a dinner visit at the Kandahar governor's house, Humayun Azizi. A member of the Kandahar governor’s staff – likely a cook – smuggled explosives hidden in food to the compound. Authorities said the bomb was planted in a sofa and exploded when Ambassador Juma Al Kaabi and Kandahar Governor Humayun Azizi had stepped out of the room. A total of 13 people were killed and 18 were injured in the explosion among them Al Kaabi and Azizi. 5 UAE diplomats were killed in the attack. The attack was one of three attacks that occurred on the same date. Taliban claimed responsibility for the other two attacks, but denied responsibility for the attack on the UAE diplomatic mission.
Al Kaabi was evacuated to Abu Dhabi by a military plane for treatment of his injuries. He was then transferred for medical treatment to a specialized hospital in France. On February 15, 2017, the Ministry of Presidential Affairs announced that Al Kaabi had died due to his injuries.
According to Emirati security officials, the bomb was a sophisticated device used in an assassination attempt and had three compartments, which exploded one after the other ensuring that even late-arriving rescuers were hit by the blasts.

## Personal life

Al Kaabi was married and had 3 daughters, 2 sons, and 2 grandchildren.
# Yarımbağ, Samsat

Yarımbağ (Kurdish: Xornif) is a village in the Samsat District of Adıyaman Province in Turkey. The village is populated by Kurds of the Bezikan tribe and had a population of 353 in 2021.
The hamlet of İnceali is attached to the village.
# Danube Program

* This article is part of a series aboutNicolae Ceaușescu
Personal
Early life
Family
Trial and execution
Political affiliations
PCR
FDP
FDUS
Governmental positions
General Secretary
President of State Council
President of Romania
Government and politics
De-satellization
Decree 770
1968 speech
Patriotic Guards
Systematization
Ceaușima
rural
Danube Program
Austerity policy
1986 military referendum
Political ideology
National communism
Dacianism
Cult of personality
July Theses
Opposition
Dissent
Goma's letters
1977 miners strike
SLOMR
1984 coup attempt
Braşov Rebellion
Letter of the Six
Romanian Revolution
Elections
1967
1974
1980
1985
Legacy
Centrul Civic
Palace of the Parliament :
vte :
The Danube Program (Romanian: Programul Dunărea) was a secret Romanian project to develop their own nuclear weapons. The project began in 1978, and lasted until 1989.

## History

In 1970 the Socialist Republic of Romania ratified the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty, which banned them from developing and building their own nuclear weapons. However, from 1978 until 1989, Romania had a nuclear weapons program, including plutonium extraction facilities. The program started concomitantly with the project for the first nuclear power plant of Romania. It was carried out in secrecy at the Atomic Physics Institute [ro] from Măgurele, where a VVR-S-60 research reactor had been built between the years 1955 and 1957 by a joint Romanian-Soviet team. From 1980, the reactor used S-36 type highly enriched nuclear fuel.
In 1992, after the Romanian Revolution, the new government reported the infraction to the International Atomic Energy Agency voluntarily, who then reported it to the UN Security Council. The Măgurele reactor was shut down in 1997 and closed in 2002, with the used enriched uranium returned to Russia in 2009 and 2012.

## Materials

Romania acquired Highly Enriched Uranium (HEU) from United States of America's Atoms for Peace program, which gave highly enriched uranium to many countries. The project also made use of a TRIGA nuclear reactor, that had been given to them by the United States, to create plutonium from the HEU. Although the project succeeded in creating plutonium, it did not actually construct any nuclear bombs, although it is estimated that with the materials the project had, they could have made up to 240 plutonium bombs, assuming that 10 kilograms (22 lb) of plutonium would be used for every bomb.
According to Ionuț Purica, former director of the Nuclear and Radioactive Waste Agency, 26 kilograms (57 lb) of plutonium were extracted from the Măgurele reactor in the 1980s. With this amount, Romania could have manufactured six nuclear bombs.
# Blessed July

Blessed July (Arabic: تموز مبارك, Tamooz Mubarak) was the codename for a plan to launch a series of bombings and assassinations on targets in and outside of Iraq. These operations were ordered by Saddam Hussein's Fedayeen Saddam in May 1999, supposedly Uday Hussein himself, to use martyrs as suicide bombers.
Blessed July operations were split into two branches, bombings and assassinations. Fifty members of Fedayeen Saddam were selected to carry out Blessed July operations. The martyrs were divided into three teams of ten that operated in London, Iran, and "self-ruled areas" in Iraq.
Defense analyst Kevin Woods described Blessed July as "a regime-directed wave of "martyrdom" operations against targets in the West." Woods claims that plans for Blessed July "were well under way at the time of the coalition invasion"; he also notes that the Fedayeen was racked by corruption. "In the years preceding the coalition invasion," he continues, "Iraq's leaders had become enamored of the belief that the spirit of the Fedayeen's 'Arab warriors' would allow them to overcome the Americans' advantages. In the end, however, the Fedayeen fighters proved totally unprepared for the kind of war they were asked to fight, and they died by the thousands." BBC Correspondent Paul Reynolds writes of the "Blessed July" plans, "What these targets might have been is not stated and the plans, like so many drawn up by the Iraqis, came to nothing, it seems."
# Mariusz Latkowski

Mariusz Latkowski (born 2 March 1982) is a Polish bobsledder and sprinter. He competed in the four man event at the 2006 Winter Olympics.
At the 2006 Olympics, Latkowski defending the Italian organizing committee's accommodations for athletes amidst controversy over bland foods, saying, "I think the food is good, especially the Chinese food [...] But I'm sad there isn't a McDonalds here."
# Mariusz Sacha

Mariusz Marcin Sacha (born 19 July 1987) is a Polish footballer who plays as a midfielder for Czarni Jaworze.

## Career
### Club

In July 2011, he moved to his previous club Podbeskidzie Bielsko-Biała on a two-year contract.

### National team

He represented Poland at the 2006 UEFA U-19 Championship and the 2007 FIFA U-20 World Cup.
# Mariusz Stańczuk

Mariusz Stańczuk (born 23 March 1983) is a Polish lightweight rower. He won a gold medal at the 2012 World Rowing Championships in Plovdiv with the lightweight men's quadruple scull.
# Sarikhosor

Sarikhosor (Russian and Tajik: Сарихосор, Persian: ساری‌حصار) is a village and jamoat in Tajikistan. It is located in Baljuvon District in Khatlon Region. The jamoat has a total population of 5,894 (2015).
# Mateusz Lipa

Mateusz Lipa (born 7 November 1994) is a Polish professional racing cyclist. He rode at the 2015 UCI Track Cycling World Championships.
# Gümüşpınar, Mazıdağı

Gümüşpınar (Kurdish: Tarîn) is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Mazıdağı, Mardin Province in Turkey. The village is populated by Kurds of the Çayî tribe and had a population of 705 in 2021.
# Mateusz Siebert

Mateusz Filip Siebert (born 4 April 1989) is a Polish former professional footballer who played as a centre-back.

## Early life

Born in Poland, he moved to France with his family at the age of three. His father Bernard is a former professional Polish footballer and his mother Renata a former handball player. He acquired French nationality on 3 November 1998, through the collective effect of his father's naturalization.

## Career
### Club

He made his Ligue 2 debut in October 2008, coming on as a 25th-minute substitute against LB Châteauroux. In July 2009 he joined Arka Gdynia on a one-year loan with a buy option. His season ended in March as a result of injury. Despite wishing to retain him, the small club did not take up the buy option due to cost.
In February 2011, he joined Arka Gdynia on a two-and-a-half-year contract.

### International

Siebert was a part of the Poland U-21 team.
# Motleb bin Abdullah Al-Nafisah

Motleb bin Abdullah bin Motleb bin Mohammed AL-Nafisah (Arabic: مطلب بن عبد الله النفيسة; born 1937) is the minister of state and secretary general of the Supreme Council for Petroleum and Minerals of Saudi Arabia.

## Early life and education

He was born in Riyadh Alkhabra in Qassim in 1937. He holds a bachelor's degree in law from the University of Cairo, Egypt in 1962. Nafisah received master's degree in law from Harvard University in 1971 and PhD in law from the same university in 1975.

## Government Positions

* Minister of State and a member of the Saudi Council of Ministers (1995–present)
* Legal adviser in the Saudi Council of Ministers (1382–1962)
* Chairman of the Panel of Experts Assembly Minister (1975–1995)
* Secretary General and member of the Supreme Council for Petroleum and Mineral Affairs
* Supreme Economic Council
* Board of Civil Service
* Board of Military Service
* Deputy Director General of the Institute of Public Administration
* Participated in studies of all four systems:
       Cabinet system
       Judicial system
       Trade regulations
       Financial system
* Supreme Committee for the preparation of the Basic Law
* Supreme Committee for the preparation of the Shura Council
* Supreme Committee for the preparation of system areas
* Ministerial Committee supervising the project, King Abdullah to develop public education
* Ministerial Committee for Administrative Organization
# Alancık, Sincik

Alancık (Kurdish: Lagîn) is a village in the Sincik District, Adıyaman Province, Turkey. The village is populated by Kurds of the Reşwan tribe and had a population of 578 in 2021.
The hamlet of Küsran is attached to the village.
# Lê Duy Cận

Lê Duy Cận (chữ Hán: 黎維𬓑, ?–?) or Lê Duy Cẩn, was a Vietnamese prince during Revival Lê dynasty.
Cận was the second son of Lê Hiển Tông. In 1769, his elder brother, Lê Duy Vĩ, was stripped of his position as Crown Prince and imprisoned by Trịnh Sâm. In the same year, Cận was proclaimed as the new Crown Prince. In 1782, Trịnh Khải staged a coup and came into power, Cận was deposed and granted the title Sùng Nhượng Công (崇讓公).
In 1787, Tây Sơn general Vũ Văn Nhậm led an army to attack Thăng Long (modern Hanoi). Lê Chiêu Thống, the successor of Lê Hiển Tông, fled to Bảo Lộc mountain, and Nhậm could not find him. In order to gain popularity among Northern Vietnamese, Nhậm install Cận as "Prince Regent" (監國 giám quốc), but very few people support them. Every day he walked to Nhậm's camp to discuss national affairs, and Nhậm did not know how to deal with the relationship between them. Cận got the nickname from common people, đề-lại giám-quốc (提吏監國), which means "the prince regent like a petty official".
The actions of Vũ Văn Nhậm was reported to Nguyễn Huệ by Ngô Văn Sở and Phan Văn Lân. Huệ led an army marched north and had Nhậm executed. Huệ retreated from northern Vietnam, Cận remained his position, Sở and Lân were left in Thăng Long to watch him. Lê Quýnh, a supporter of Lê Chiêu Thống, described that Cận was "a silly man".
Qing China invaded Vietnam to reinstall the deposed emperor Lê Chiêu Thống. Ngô Văn Sở ordered Cận to write a letter to the Qing viceroy Sun Shiyi. Cận described himself as a popular ruler and tried to persuade Sun to retreat. But it was rejected by Sun. On 22 December 1788, Nguyễn Huệ proclaimed himself emperor Quang Trung and formally declared that the Lê dynasty had ended. Huệ then led an army march north, defeated the Qing army, and banished Lê Chiêu Thống again. Cận's name was not mentioned in the later history records.
# Romanian National Opera, Iași

The Romanian National Opera, Iași (Romanian: Opera Națională Română din Iași) is a public opera and ballet institution in Iași, Romania. It is one of the national opera companies of Romania.
The first performance at the Iași Opera was on 3 November 1956 (the inaugural concert being Tosca by Giacomo Puccini), in the building of the Iași National Theatre, a historic monument that had been built between 1894 and 1896 by the Viennese architects Ferdinand Fellner and Hermann Helmer.
# Charles Craufurd Fraser

Lieutenant-General Sir Charles Craufurd Fraser VC KCB (31 August 1829 – 7 June 1895) was a British Army officer and Conservative politician. He was a recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces.

## Early life

Fraser was the third son of Sir James Fraser and his wife Charlotte Anne Craufurd. He joined the 7th Hussars (The Queen's Own), British Army as a cornet in 1847, became lieutenant in 1850 and captain in 1854. On 5 January 1858 he became orderly officer for Brigadier Campbell at Munseata near Allahabad and was promoted to major on 20 July 1858.

## Victoria Cross

Fraser was 29 years old, and a major in the 7th Hussars (The Queen's Own) during the Indian Rebellion of 1857 when the following deed took place on 31 December 1858 at the River Raptee, India for which he was awarded the VC:
   For conspicuous and cool gallantry, on the 31st December, 1858, in having volunteered, at great personal risk, and under a sharp fire of musketry, to swim to the rescue of Captain Stisted, and some men of the 7th Hussars, who were in imminent danger of being drowned in the River Raptee, while in pursuit of the rebels. Major Fraser succeeded in this gallant service, although at the time partially disabled, not having recovered from a severe wound received while leading a Squadron in a charge against some fanatics, in the action of Nawabgunge, on the 13th June, 1858.
He was also awarded the Royal Humane Society's Medal 1st Class.

## Later career

Fraser transferred to the 11th Hussars in 1859 and became commanding officer as lieutenant colonel in 1861. He became colonel in 1866 and was commandant at headquarters during the Abyssinian War. He was mentioned in despatches and awarded CB. In 1868 he became colonel of the 8th King's Royal Irish Hussars and was promoted to major-general in 1870. He was aide-de-camp to the Duke of Cambridge lord-lieutenant of Ireland, from 1873 to 1877. In 1880 he became inspector-general of cavalry in Ireland until 1884 and was later in command of the cavalry at Aldershot. He retired with the rank of lieutenant general in 1886.
In 1885 Fraser was elected Member of Parliament for Lambeth North. He was knighted in 1891 and held the Lambeth seat until 1892.
In 1895 Fraser died in Sloane Street London at the age of 65.
# Kalanak

Kalanak (Persian: كلانك, also Romanized as Kalānak) is a village in Pain Taleqan Rural District, in the Central District of Taleqan County, Alborz Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 113, in 35 families.