OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# William Walker (engraver)

William Walker (1 August 1791 – 7 September 1867) was a Scottish engraver. He is known for engravings of Sir Henry Raeburn's portraits of Sir Walter Scott and Raeburn himself, Sir Thomas Lawrence's portrait of Lord Broughham (commissioned by Walker), and Alexander Nasmyth's portrait of Robert Burns.

## Biography

Walker was born on 1 August 1791 at Markton, Musselburgh, near Edinburgh.
In 1815, Walker went to London to study as a stipple engraver under Thomas Woolnoth. He established his reputation by engraving a large plate of Sir Henry Raeburn's equestrian portrait of John Hope, 4th Earl of Hopetoun. In 1829, on his marriage to Elizabeth Reynolds, the famous miniaturist, he settled at 64 Margaret Street, where he resided until his death. Walker's work consists of about one hundred portraits of eminent contemporaries, after various oil painters, chiefly in mezzotint, all published by himself. Additionally, Walker created some interesting subject-pieces.
His most famous work is the engraving of Robert Burns based on Alexander Nasmyth's famous portrait. This engraving was used many times in printed versions of Burns' poems.
He died at his house in Margaret Street, London, on 7 September 1867. His grave is in Brompton Cemetery.

## Sculptural Work

Whilst being principally remembered as an engraver, Walker was also an able sculptor, his notable work being the figure of Queen Elizabeth I on the Scott Monument on Princes Street in Edinburgh.
# Special Forces Brigade "Fulger"

The Special Forces Police Brigade "Fulger" (Romanian: Brigada de poliție cu destinație specială (BPDS) «Fulger») is a specialized police unit of the General Police Inspectorate.
It is considered to be one of the most combat-ready units in Moldova. It is based in Chișinău. It is heavily involved in the fight against crime and terrorism as well as hostage rescue missions.

## History

It was created by decree of the Government of Moldova on the basis of the Kishinev OPON of the Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic on 5 December 1991. From 1991 to 1992, the unit took an active part in the Transnistrian conflict, for which it was awarded a battle banner in 1992.

## Awards

* Order of Ștefan cel Mare (awarded on 5 December 2011)
# Fusgeyer

The fusgeyers (Yiddish: פֿוסגײער, "pedestrian" or "wayfarer"; Romanian: drumeți or pietoni) were a movement of Romanian Jews who emigrated in an organized manner from Romania from 1900 to 1920. Their name refers to the fact that they were often too poor even to purchase a train ticket to a port city. Roughly 60,000 Jews left the country during that period, going to Austria and Germany and then onwards via port cities to Canada and the United States. The number of specifically fusgeyer emigrants may be lower, perhaps a few thousand.

## History

The 1866 Constitution of Romania barred citizenship for non-Christians, meaning that most Jews in the country lived with severely reduced rights. Various attempts at mass Jewish emigration happened between that year and 1900, often in the face of resistance from the Romanian government After a famine in 1899 and outbreaks of antisemitic violence, many young Romanian Jews developed a new practice of emigration: banding into disciplined groups which would share resources and leave the country together. The first such group was created in May 1899 in Bârlad. A man named Ginsburg recruited 94 people who started calling themselves "the Wayfarers from Bârlad". This group inspired several other groups from other cities, which either named themselves after their city, the name of their occupation, or by a romantic name such as "One Heart" or "The Wandering Jew".
After they reached the Austro-Hungarian border, they were often provided funds for rail passage by charitable Jewish organizations.

## Literary representation

Many of the current-day articles about the fusgeyers cite Jill Culiner's 2004 book Finding Home: In the Footsteps of the Jewish Fusgeyers for most of their factual information. Her book in turn was inspired by the Yiddish language memoir of one of the original fusgeyers, Jacob Finkelstein's "Zikhroynes fun a fusgeyer fun Rumania kayn Amerika", which won a contest by the YIVO in 1945 and was printed in their journal, YIVO Bleter.
# Bahar-e Olya

Bahar-e Olya (Persian: بهارعليا, also Romanized as Bahār-e ‘Olyā; also known as Bahār-e Bālā) is a village in Sangar Rural District, in the Central District of Faruj County, North Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 178, in 48 families.
# Iain Michael Chambers

Iain Michael Chambers (born 1949) is a sociologist, historian and cultural studies scholar. Born in Britain he has lived in Naples since 1976. There, he has developed a cultural and postcolonial studies approach to analysing the historical and cultural formation of the modern Mediterranean. He has been translated into Italian, Spanish, Turkish and German. He is a regular contributor to the Italian daily il Manifesto.

## Selected publications

* The Mediterranean Question (with Marta Cariello), Punctum Books, 2025.
* La questione mediterranea (with Marta Cariello), Mondadori, 2019.
* Postcolonial Interruptions, Unauthorised Modernities, Rowman & Littlefield, 2017.
* Mediterraneo blues. Musiche, malinconia postcoloniale, pensieri marittimi, Bollati Boringhieri, 2012, Tamu 2020.
* Mediterranean Crossings. The politics of an interrupted modernity, Duke University Press, 2008.
* Esercizi di potere: Gramsci, Said e il postcoloniale, Meltemi Editore, 2006.
* Culture after Humanism, Routledge 2001.
* The Postcolonial Question. Common Skies, Divided Horizons (ed. with Lidia Curti), Routledge, 1995.
* Migrancy, culture, identity, Routledge, 1993.
* Border Dialogues. Journeys in Postmodernity, Routledge 1990.
* Popular Culture. The Metropolitan Experience, Routledge, 1986.
* Urban Rhythms. Pop music and popular culture, Macmillan 1985.
# Hugo Valvanne

Hugo Valvanne (1894–1961) was a Finnish diplomat. He was the first envoy of Finland to India, and took up his post shortly after diplomatic relations between the two countries were established on 1 October 1949.
# CloudHQ

cloudHQ is an information technology company based in San Francisco, California. It was founded in 2011 by Senad Dizdar. Naomi Assaraf has been the Chief Marketing Officer (CMO) since 2013, and Blaz Lupiscek is Chief Technology Officer (CTO).
The software synchronizes data across many cloud platforms, such as Google Workspace, Egnyte, Box, Dropbox, and Microsoft 365. Data is replicated to a backup cloud account to reduce the risks of data loss incidents which have steadily risen in the recent years. The platform is also intended for data migration or to allow sharing of files and data across multiple, as well as collaboration across multiple platforms.
CloudHQ also creates many browser extensions for apps such as Gmail and others.
# Pay Takht

Pay Takht (Persian: پايتخت) may refer to:
* Pay Takht-e Varzard
* Pay Takht-e Zal
# Göllü, Ömerli

Göllü (Kurdish: Golê) is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Ömerli, Mardin Province in Turkey. The village is populated by Kurds of the Omerkan tribe and had a population of 186 in 2021.
# Zahed Kola, Fereydunkenar

Zahed Kola (Persian: زاهدكلا, also Romanized as Zāhed Kolā) is a village in Emamzadeh Abdollah Rural District, Dehferi District, Fereydunkenar County, Mazandaran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 524, in 126 families.
# Chokwan Chopaka

Chokwan Kitty Chopaka is a Thai cannabis rights activist and entrepreneur. She is known for her advocacy and campaign for the legalization of Cannabis in Thailand.

## Early life and career

Chokwan Kitty Chopaka spent much of her youth in Australia, but returned to Thailand to attend Bangkok University where she holds a Bachelor's of Business Administration with a major in Entrepreneurship. After her education, she managed a law firm briefly in Bangkok. Chopaka left the firm to pursue multiple entrepreneurial endeavors which led to becoming more involved in cannabis activism that leaned on her legal knowledge and skills. She founded the company Elevated Estate, a cannabis-focused startup incubator in Thailand in 2019.
Chopaka then founded the Chopaka brand, a company that manufactures Terpene Gummies sold throughout Asia. Her first flagship store was opened in Bangkok before legalization as an outlet for gummies and other Terpene products. She subsequently added flowers after Cannabis was legalized.
She is known for collaborating with government departments and companies in Thailand and the Czech Republic and has advised politicians from Australia and surrounding Asian countries. She also serves as an advisor to the Thailand Cannabis Act Drafting Committee in 2022. In 2019, she was awarded the Jack Herer award of Free Fighter for her contributions in Cannabis activism. She is often quoted by Times magazine, Reuters and other media outlets on issues of Cannabis.
She is a frequent speaker on several issues surrounding Cannabis, she has spoken at Global Cannabis Justice Exchange Forum, Czech Presidency of the Council of the European Union, EU National Drug Coordinator Meeting and other panels. She has led and organized several protest including the Thai Cannabis Day on 6 June and “Refusal to Re-criminalizing Cannabis Letter of Intent Collection to be Submitted to the Next Minister of Public Health. She also led the protest for the Cannabis Act at the Parliament House of Thailand. In November 2022, she also led a protest for Refusal to Re-criminalizing Cannabis Protest at the Government House of Thailand.
# Matei Basarab National College

Matei Basarab National College (Romanian: Colegiul Național "Matei Basarab") is a high school in Bucharest, Romania, located at 32 Matei Basarab Street, Sector 3. It opened in November 1860, one of two secondary schools to open that year in the Romanian capital, the other being Gheorghe Lazăr Gymnasium, in order to supplement the older Saint Sava High School.
Alumni include Constantin Antoniade, Aurel Baranga, Nicolae Cajal, Paul Georgescu, Alexandru Graur, Petre V. Haneș, Petre Iorgulescu-Yor, Ștefan Octavian Iosif, Constantin Levaditi, Adrian Maniu, Gheorghe Marinescu, Constantin Miculescu, Vintilă M. Mihăilescu [ro], Ion Mincu, Costin Murgescu, Ștefan S. Nicolau, Miron Nicolescu, Dimitrie Paciurea, Lucrețiu Pătrășcanu, Radu D. Rosetti, George Topîrceanu, Ilarie Voronca, George Vraca, Duiliu Zamfirescu, George Oprescu, and Nicolae Secăreanu.
Former faculty include Emanoil Bacaloglu, George Călinescu, Mitiță Constantinescu, Eugen Lovinescu, Constantin Moisil, Gheorghe Munteanu-Murgoci, Dumitru Panaitescu-Perspessicius, Dimitrie D. Pătrășcanu, Ion Popescu-Voitești, Constantin F. Robescu [ro], Ioan Slavici, Theodor Speranția, G. Dem. Teodorescu, Claudiu Isopescu, and George Potra.
# Ryota Nishizono

Ryota Nishizono (西薗 良太, Nishizono Ryōta, born 1 September 1987) is a Japanese former professional racing cyclist.

## Career

Born in Kirishima, Kagoshima, Nishizono attended Tokyo University, Japan's most elite university. While there in 2009, he won the Inter-College Championships. After graduation, he first joined Shimano Racing Team, for which he won the first stage of the Tour de Hokkaido in 2011. He moved to Bridgestone–Anchor in 2012 and won the men's time trial at the Japanese National Road Race Championships. For the 2013 season, he signed with UCI Professional Continental team Champion System.
In December 2013, Nishizono announced his retirement as a professional cyclist. He came out of retirement to join Bridgestone–Anchor for the 2015 season. In 2016 he regained his national time trial title. In 2017 he announced to retire again by the end of season.

## Major results
### 2011

    National Road Championships
       3rd Time trial
       4th Road race
    8th Overall Tour de Hokkaido
       1st Stage 1

### 2012

    1st Time trial, National Road Championships
    2nd Overall Tour de Hokkaido

### 2013

    2nd Time trial, National Road Championships
    6th Overall Tour of Japan

### 2015

    3rd Time trial, National Road Championships
    5th Overall Tour de Hokkaido

### 2016

    National Road Championships
       1st Time trial
       2nd Road race
    7th Tour de Okinawa

### 2017

    1st Time trial, National Road Championships
    Asian Road Championships
       2nd Team time trial
       7th Individual time trial
    2nd Overall Tour de Hokkaido
    4th Overall Tour de Kumano
# Mahmudabad, Golestan

Mahmudabad (Persian: محمود اباد, also Romanized as Maḩmūdābād) is a village in Yanqaq Rural District in the Central District of Galikash County, Golestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 1,221, in 255 families.
# Julia Novikova (soprano)

Julia Borisovna Novikova (Russian: Юлия Борисовна Новикова; born 5 October 1983) is a Russian coloratura soprano.
She was born in Leningrad. As a child her parents took her to see performances at the Mariinsky Theatre. In 2006 she graduated from Saint Petersburg Conservatory after studying opera singing under Professor Olga Kondina.
She garnered international attention after performing in the 2010 RADA Film Production of Verdi's Rigoletto a Mantova opposite Plácido Domingo. The production was conducted by Zubin Mehta and televised live in 148 countries.

## Awards

* Wilhelm Stenhammar International Music Competition, Sweden (2006)
* Concours de Geneve, Switzerland and Neue Stimmen, Germany (2007)
* Emmerich Smola Förderpreis – in the context of Musikdebüt project of SWR Television (2008)
* Operalia – First Prize for best female voice, Audience Prize winner, Budapest (2009)
# Bločice Karst Field

The Bločice Karst Field (pronounced; Slovene: Bločiško polje) is a dry karst field in Inner Carniola.

## Geography

The Bločice Karst Field lies near the village of Bločice, east of the Cerknica Karst Field, west of the village of Bloška Polica, and south of the Bloke Plateau. Several karst springs are located on the east side of the karst field, and Cold Cave (Slovene: Mrzla jama) is located at the southern edge. Cold Cave is one of only three known habitats in Slovenia of the vulnerable freshwater snail Belgrandiella globulosa [nl]. The catchment area of the karst field belongs to the Bloke Plateau.
The Bločice Karst Field has a patchwork cultural landscape of alternating tilled fields and pastures, orchards, and isolated trees, with a clear forested margin. It has been registered as cultural heritage and new construction in the karst field is prohibited.
# Tazeh Qeshlaq

Tazeh Qeshlaq (Persian: تازه قشلاق) may refer to:
* Tazeh Qeshlaq, Ardabil
* Tazeh Qeshlaq, Zanjan
* Tazeh Qeshlaq, alternate name of Vakil Qeshlaq, Zanjan Province
# Huangpu Park

Huangpu Park (simplified Chinese: 黄浦公园; traditional Chinese: 黃浦公園; pinyin: Huángpǔ Gōngyuán; Shanghainese: Waonphu Gonyu) is the name of the triangular stretch of green at the northern end of the Bund in Shanghai, the oldest and smallest park of the city. It is the site of the large Monument to the People's Heroes, commemorating those who helped to free China from foreign occupation, and of the Bund Historical Museum, which documents the history of the Bund in old photographs.

## Name and history

The first park at the location was established in 1886 with the simple name "Public Garden", and was the first park in China open to the public. Designed by a Scottish gardener in European style, it included a resting pavilion and a tennis court, aiming at the increasing number of foreigners living in Shanghai since the city had become an international trade port in the 1840s.
The Public Garden was closed to Chinese people between 1890 and 1928 (although, as rule 8 in the photo above of the 1917 park sign states “amahs in charge of children are not permitted to occupy the seats and chairs during performances”, at least Chinese amahs were permitted to enter the park when caring for foreign children), according to a popular myth, a sign at the park's gate read No dogs or Chinese allowed. However, period photographs show a sign listing ten regulations, the first of which was "The Gardens are reserved for the Foreign Community", with the fourth being "Dogs and bicycles are not admitted". In any case, the banning of Chinese from Huangpu Park and other parks in China has remained in the Chinese public mind as one of the many examples of the country's humiliation by the Western powers in the 19th and early 20th century. For instance, the legend is manifested in the Bruce Lee film Fist of Fury, where a scene taking place at Huangpu Park gate features a (fictitious) "No dogs and Chinese allowed" (狗與華人不得入內) sign.
After World War II, Public Garden was renamed "Huangpu Park". Confined by Suzhou Creek to the north and Huangpu River to the east, the park bears the name of the latter, larger river.
The Park was remodelled in the 1990s with the addition of the Monument to the People's Heroes and the Bund Historical Museum.
While the place looks very different today, the historical name of Huangpu Park lives on in the names of places in the neighbourhood like Garden Bridge and the New Bund Garden, a high-rise apartment building in Hongkou District.

## Places nearby

* Waibaidu Bridge (Garden Bridge)

## In films

A famous scene at Huangpu Park in the Bruce Lee film Fist of Fury (1972) features a fictitious sign that reads: "No dogs and Chinese allowed" in the context of the Japanese occupation in Shanghai, at the beginning of the 20th century.
# Walter Torrie Forrest

Maj. Walter Torrie Forrest MC (14 November 1880 – 19 April 1917(1917-04-19) (aged 36)) was a Scottish rugby union player and British Army officer who was killed in World War I.
Forrest was born in Kelso, Roxburghshire, to George Forrest, a celebrated fishing rod master and tackle maker, and Margaret Torrie Forest.
He played for Hawick Rugby Club as a centre and made his international debut for Scotland in 1903 against Wales. He went on to play in every game for Scotland for the remainder of 1903 and 1904 rugby seasons, in which Scotland were the Home Nations winner, and against Ireland and Wales in 1905. After eight caps, a collarbone injury ended his international career in 1905, but he continued to play for his team in Kelso.
Prior to the war, Forrest served in the Territorial Force. He was commissioned as a second lieutenant in the 1st Roxburgh and Selkirk Volunteer Ride Corps in 1906, and given the same precedence in the King's Own Scottish Borderers in 1908. During the First World War, he participated in the Gallipoli campaign and was then sent to Palestine, where he was awarded the Military Cross in 1916. The award was gazetted with the following citation:
   For conspicuous gallantry in action. He carried out a daring reconnaissance, and obtained most valuable information. He has on many previous occasions done very fine work.
In April 1917, Forrest was killed in the Second Battle of Gaza. He is buried at the Gaza War Cemetery. Forrest is among the 133 names listed in the memorial to rugby players killed in the Great War at Fromelles in north France.
# Zeraq

Zeraq (Persian: زرق, also Romanized as Zarraq and Zaraq; also known as Zar, Zaragh, Zāreh, and Zarreh) is a village in Mofatteh Rural District, in the Central District of Famenin County, Hamadan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 205, in 38 families.
# Print Gallery (M. C. Escher)

Print Gallery (Dutch: Prentententoonstelling) is a lithograph printed in 1956 by the Dutch artist M. C. Escher. It depicts a man in a gallery viewing a print of a seaport, and among the buildings in the seaport is the very gallery in which he is standing, making use of the Droste effect with visual recursion. The lithograph has attracted discussion in both mathematical and artistic contexts. Escher considered Print Gallery to be among the best of his works.

## Origins

Bruno Ernst cites M. C. Escher as stating that he began Print Gallery "from the idea that it must be possible to make an annular bulge, a cyclic expansion ... without beginning or end." Escher attempted to do this with straight lines, but intuitively switched to using curved lines which make the grid expand greatly as it rotates.

## Seeming paradox

In his book Gödel, Escher, Bach, Douglas Hofstadter explains the seeming paradox embodied in Print Gallery as a strange loop showing three kinds of "in-ness": the gallery is physically in the town ("inclusion"); the town is artistically in the picture ("depiction"); the picture is mentally in the person ("representation").

## Possible Droste effect

Escher's signature is on a circular void in the center of the work. In 2003, two Dutch mathematicians, Bart de Smit and Hendrik Lenstra, reported a way of filling in the void by treating the work as drawn on an elliptic curve over the field of complex numbers. They deem an idealized version of Print Gallery to contain a copy of itself (the Droste effect), rotated clockwise by about 157.63 degrees and shrunk by a factor of about 22.58. Their website further explores the mathematical structure of the picture.

## Post-modernism

Print Gallery has been discussed in relation to post-modernism by a number of writers, including Silvio Gaggi, Barbara Freedman, Stephen Bretzius, and Marie-Laure Ryan.
# Madad Chobanov

Madad Namaz oghlu Chobanov (Azerbaijani: Mədəd Namaz oğlu Çobanov, April 11, 1937 — June 2, 2023) was an Azerbaijani turkologist and toponymist, academician of the New York Academy of Sciences, member of the Turkish Language Association, Doctor of Philological Sciences, professor, Presidential scholarship holder.

## Biography

Madad Chobanov was born on April 11, 1937, in Bolnisi Municipality, Georgian SSR. He graduated from the Tbilisi State Pedagogical Institute and worked as a teacher, docent and professor at that institute until 1994. In 1973, he defended his candidacy, and in 1992, his doctoral theses. He was elected a professor in 1993. Since 1994, he has continued his scientific and pedagogical activities in Baku. He worked as a dean at the Azerbaijan Institute of Higher Education and Retraining of Senior Pedagogical Personnel, and as a rector at the Elite University of Azerbaijan.
For many years, he was the head of the language department of the Azerbaijan Higher Military Academy and the Azerbaijan Higher Naval Academy, and a member of the Expert Council of the Higher Attestation Commission under the President of the Republic of Azerbaijan.
He was elected a full member of the New York Academy of Sciences and a member of the Turkish Language Association.
In different years, he gave lectures at Azerbaijan State Pedagogical University and Azerbaijan Technical University. He is the author of more than 60 scientific books. He gave reports at international congresses, scientific-theoretical conferences, symposia, and scientific-practical seminars held in Azerbaijan, Turkey, Russia, Georgia and Central Asian countries. Dozens of scientific articles and books have been published in those countries.
Madad Chobanov died on June 2, 2023, in Baku.
# Kalateh-ye Reza

Kalateh-ye Reza (Persian: كلاته رضا) may refer to:
# Chutine Peak

Chutine Peak is one of the highest mountains in the Boundary Ranges, a group of subranges of the northern Coast Mountains of British Columbia and Alaska. Chutine Peak lies just east of the Stikine Icecap, and to the north and west of the Stikine River, and south of the basin of the Whiting River. It is notable for its huge west face: the drop to Chutine Lake is 2,600 m (8,530 ft) in 3.5 km (2 mi). Due to its remoteness, however, it is rarely visited.
The mountain was named in 1980 by the first ascent party for its location near Chutine Lake and Chutine River. Chutine means "the half-people" - half Tlingit and half Tahltan
# Aşağısüphan, Adilcevaz

Aşağısüphan (Kurdish: Sîpanê jêr) is a village in the Adilcevaz District of Bitlis Province in Turkey. The village is populated by Kurds of the Bekiran tribe and had a population of 1,058 in 2022.
It formerly had an Armenian population.