OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Roman Tikhomirov

Roman Irinarkhovich Tikhomirov (Russian: Роман Иринархович Тихомиров) (1915-1984) was a Soviet film director and screenwriter. In 1973, he was awarded the title of People’s Artist of the RSFSR.

## Biography

Roman Tikhomirov was born in 1915 in Saratov.
As a young man, he entered the Saint Petersburg State Conservatory (violin class), and graduated from it in 1941. He then continued his studies, and, in 1945, he graduated from the conductor class of the same conservatory. In parallel with his studies at the Conservatory, he worked as an assistant director on Sergei Gerasimov’s The New Teacher, Ya. Protazanov’s Nasreddin in Bukhara, and Mikhail Romm’s Man No. 217.
His first opera production was the play “The Wolf and the Seven Little Kids” by M. Koval (Conservatory Opera Studio). Starting in 1948, he was Head of the Department of Musical Theaters and Director of the All-Union House of Folk Art named at the Committee on Arts of the USSR. In 1951 he made his debut on the professional stage at the Saratov Opera and Ballet Theater (“May Night” by N. A. Rimsky-Korsakov). In 1952–1956, he was the chief director of the Novosibirsk Opera and Ballet Theater. In 1957-1959 he was the artistic director of the Central Television. In 1958, his first film as a director and screenwriter, Eugene Onegin, was released. Starting in 1960, he was the chairman of the artistic council of the creative association of television films attached to Mosfilm film studio. In 1958–1962, he was a director at Lenfilm. In 1962–1977, he was the chief director of the Leningrad Kirov Opera and Ballet Theater.

## Selected filmography

* 1958 — Eugene Onegin
* 1959 — Morning Star
* 1960 — The Queen of Spades
* 1963 — The Serf Actress
* 1965 — When the Song Does Not End
* 1969 — Prince Igor
# Vyacheslav Chadov

Vyacheslav Yuryevich Chadov (Russian: Вячеслав Юрьевич Чадов; born 26 September 1986) is a Russian former professional football player.

## Career

He played 8 seasons in the Russian Football National League for 6 different clubs.
On 4 January 2016, Chadov left FC Yenisey Krasnoyarsk by mutual consent.
# Uljas Vikström

Uljas Vikström (3 March 1910, Turku – 17 April 1977, Petrozavodsk) was a Finnish writer, translator and editor, who lived in the Soviet Union.
According to his family Vikström fled to Russia after the victory of the Whites in the Finnish Civil War. Vikström graduated in 1933 Leningrad communist university of journalists and 1935 the Communist University of the National Minorities of the West. He began his career of writing in 1934. He worked for many years as the editor-in-chief of the newspaper Punalippu and translated a number of books by Soviet authors into Finnish.
Vikström was the chairman of the Karelian Union of Writers from 1971 to 1975, and in 1968 was awarded the title of an honorary cultural figure of the Karelian ASSR.

## Works

* Uusia ystäviä, a play, 1950
* Käy eespäin väki voimakas… 1956
* Suvelan Osku, 1961
* Toiska, a narration about the life of Toivo Antikainen, 1969
* Torpeedo, a narration about the life of Otto Wille Kuusinen, 1972
* Hajamuistoja, 1978

## Sources

* Karjalan suomenkieliset kirjailijat: Uljas Vikström (1910–1977)
* Uljas Vikströmin muistokirjoitus Neuvosto-Karjala-lehdessä 20.4.1977
# Amiran Chichinadze

Amiran Chichinadze (14 September 1934 - 24 June 2007) was a Georgian screenwriter and actor.

## Biography

In 1964 he graduated from the Higher Courses for Scriptwriters and Directors. He was a member of the CPSU from 1975.

## Filmography
### As screenwriter

* 1966 — Falling Leaves (1966 film)
* 1971 — Mkudro savane
* 1973 — Rekordi
* 1975 — Berikatsebi
* 1980 — Tserilebi Bamidan
* 1981 — Shvidi patara motkhroba pirvel sikvarulze
* 1985 — Kvelaze stsrapebi msoplioshi
* 1985 — Batono avanturistebo
* 1988 — Nazaris ukanaskneli lotsva
* 1989 – 30 cm zgvis donidan
* 1989 — Dzaglis knosva
* 1990 — Tsetskhltan tamashi
* 1992 — Shvidkatsa
* 1992 — Khapangi
* 1995 — Khiznebi
* 1996 — Ra gatsinebs?!
* 1998 — Here Comes the Dawn
* 2002 — Angelozis gadaprena

### As producer

* 1970 — Kvevri

### As actor

* 2002 — Angelozis gadaprena

## Awards

* 1983 — Honored Art Worker of the Georgian SSR

## Literature

* Cinema: Encyclopedic Dictionary / Ch. ed. S. I. Yutkevich Moscow, Soviet Encyclopedia, 1987 p. 489
# Alexander Roshal

Alexander Borisovich Roshal (Russian: Алекса́ндр Бори́сович Роша́ль; (1936-08-26)August 26, 1936, in Moscow – (2007-05-21)May 21, 2007, there) was a Soviet-born Russian chess player and journalist, the co-founder and editor of the magazine 64.
# Boguchany Aluminium Smelter

58°04′44″N 97°19′30″E﻿ / ﻿58.079°N 97.325°E﻿ / 58.079; 97.325
Boguchany Aluminium Smelter (Russian: Богуча́нский алюми́ниевый заво́д, Boguchanskiy Alyuminiyevy Zavod) is a Russian aluminium smelter currently being constructed near the settlement of Tayozhny, in the Boguchansky District of Krasnoyarsk Krai. It is one of the largest development projects of the Rusal company, which is building this new aluminium plant in partnership with hydroelectricity producer RusHydro. Each side owns a 50% stake in the Boguchany Energo-Metallurgical Union (Russian: Богучанское энерго-металлургическое объединение, or Russian: БЭМО, BEMO), a company that governs the construction of the new smelter, which is expected to use the energy from RusHydro's Boguchany Dam.
The project capacity of the plant is 600,000 tons of aluminium per year.
The smelter was launched in 2016.
# Yakub Kolas

Yakub Kolas (also Jakub Kołas, Belarusian: Яку́б Ко́лас, November 3 [O.S. October 22] 1882 – August 13, 1956), real name Kanstantsin Mikhailovich Mitskievich (Канстанці́н Міха́йлавіч Міцке́віч, Russian: Константи́н Миха́йлович Мицке́вич, Polish: Konstanty Mickiewicz) was a Belarusian writer, dramatist, poet and translator. People's Poet of the Byelorussian SSR (1926), member (1928) and vice-president (from 1929) of the Belarusian Academy of Sciences.
In his works, Yakub Kolas was known for his sympathy towards the ordinary Belarusian peasantry. This was evident in his pen name 'Kolas', meaning 'ear of grain' in Belarusian. He wrote collections of poems Songs of Captivity (Russian: Песни неволи, 1908) and Songs of Grief (Belarusian: Песьні-жальбы, 1910), poems A New Land (Belarusian: Новая зямля, 1923) and Simon the Musician (Belarusian: Сымон-музыка, 1925), stories, and plays. His poem The Fisherman's Hut (Belarusian: Рыбакова хата, 1947) is about the fight after unification of Belarus with the Soviet state. His trilogy At a Crossroads (Russian: На перепутье, 1925) is about the pre-Revolutionary life of the Belarusian peasantry and the democratic intelligentsia. He was awarded the Stalin Prize in 1946 and 1949.

## Biography

Kanstantsin Mitskievich was born in November 3 [O.S. October 22] 1882 in a village Akinchytsy of Minsk Governorate, Russian Empire, in a family of a forester. He graduated from Nesvizh Teachers' Seminary in 1902, and was sent as a teacher to a village in Palesse region. He took part in an illegal teachers convention in 1906, was fired and jailed for three years in Minsk. After jail he became a journalist for Nasha dolya newspaper, there he first used the name "Yakub Kolas". In 1915 he was mobilized into the army. In 1916, after graduating from the Moscow Alexander Military School with the rank of warrant officer, he served in a reserve regiment in Perm. In the summer of 1917 he was sent to the Romanian front, but for health reasons he was demobilized. In 1921 Kolas returned to Minsk to work in the newly established Institute of Belarusian Culture. In 1928 Institute was transformed into the Academy of Sciences, Kolas became an academician there, and later a vice president. In 1926 he was named a "People's Poet of Belarus". During the World War 2 Kolas was in evacuation in Russia. He died in Minsk, in August 13, 1956.
In his honor, the Yakub Kolas Square and the Yakub Kolas Street in the center of Minsk bear his name.
# Nora Chegodayeva

Nora Pavlovna Chegodayeva (Russian: Нора Павловна Чегодаева; 1905–1971) was a Soviet interpreter and translator. A Red Army officer during World War II, she was one of the organizers of a women's sniper course that became famous after its later reorganization as the Central Women’s Sniper Training School.

## Biography

Nora Pavlovna Chegodayeva was born in 1905. Her father was Pavel Chegodayev, a revolutionary and lawyer who would hold several important offices at the People's Commissariat of Justice after the Russian Revolution of 1917.
The young Nora Chegodayeva was well-educated and became fluent in both French and Spanish at an early age. She joined the Red Army to work as a military translator and graduated from the Frunze Military Academy in Moscow.
She volunteered to support the Spanish Republicans during the Spanish Civil War as an interpreter, but also experienced combat and was awarded the Order of the Red Banner.
She continued to serve in the military after returning from Spain and held several assignments after the German invasion of the Soviet Union in World War II. She served in the intelligence on the Volkhov Front and later organized a women's sniper training course that would become famous after its later reorganization as the Central Women’s Sniper Training School, but was recalled from this position soon after in order to assist the Soviet diplomatic service in Havana with her fluent Spanish when the Soviet Union first established diplomatic relations with Cuba in 1943.
She later worked as the editor of the French-language edition of the magazine Novoye Vremya.
She died in 1971.

## Awards

* Order of the Red Banner
# Nikolay Shmatko

Mykola Havrylovych Shmatko (Ukrainian: Микола Гаврилович Шматько; 17 August 1943 – 15 September 2020) was a Ukrainian sculptor and painter. He was born in the Donetsk region of Ukraine.

## Biography

Shmatko became a sculptor at the age of 33, having previously been a firefighter. During all his creative development Nikolai Shmatko created more than 750 various monuments and about 500 pictures.
He worked in marble, inspired by European culture and art. His studio and gallery contain 100 sculptures (more than 70 of which are made of Ural and Italian marble); 30 plaster casts; and about 300 pictures (including paintings, graphics, and architectural designs). In total, there are approximately 750 pieces, ranging from simple decorations to bas-relief and high relief busts and sculptures. Some of these pieces are sexually explicit and even pornographic. Shmatko also worked in architecture, and had a design for a penis-shaped high-rise building.
In 2004, for his work "Sviatohorska Blessed Virgin" - a statue of the Virgin Mary (Theotokos "Hegumenia") for Sviato-Uspenskyi Sviatohorskyi Monastery - Shmatko was awarded the order of Nestor Letopisets by Volodymyr Sabodan, the Kyiv Metropolitan, and all of Ukraine.
In the autumn of 2005 the Transfiguration church was opened in the village of Keleberda, Poltava region. Exclusively for this church, the sculptor created a marble sculpture "The Crucifixion".
In autumn 2012, at the invitation of oligarch Viktor Baloha, Shmatko moved with his family to the city of Mukachevo.

## Exhibitions

* 2007: Biennale di Firenze 2007, Italy; received 4th place award in sculpture and installation
* 2009: Biennale di Firenze 2009, Italy; Participating Artists 2009
* 2012: ArtMonaco 2012, Monaco; Exposants - Exhibitors, Art Monaco 2012 (page 160)

## Works in public collections

* Shmatko's bust of Ivan Maksymovych Soshenko is stored in the museum of Taras Hryhorovych Shevchenko Imperial Academy of Arts in Saint Petersburg.
* Sviatohorska Blessed Virgin Sviato-Uspenska Sviatohirsk Lavra Sviatohirsk, Ukraine
* Foreplay Ural marble, 66 x 125 x 67
* Ivan Soshenko
* Taras Shevchenko Luhansk Taras Shevchenko National University
# Reesa

Reesa is a monotypic genus of beetles in the family Dermestidae, the skin beetles. The sole species is Reesa vespulae. This beetle is native to the Nearctic, but today it can be found nearly worldwide; it is easily introduced to new areas.
This beetle can be identified by two reddish bands on its elytra, black setae, and antennae tipped with clubs divided into four segments. Only female individuals have been observed; it is believed to be parthenogenetic.
This species, like several other dermestids, is a museum pest. It feeds on dried animal products such as museum specimens.

## Taxonomy

Genetic research in Zhou et al. (2022) revealed that the species is closely related to a widespread species, Trogoderma angustum and other species originating from South America (including genus Sodaliotoma). All of these species have been moved to genus Eurhopalus, which is revised from taxa of Southern Hemisphere, many of which were previously considered to be Trogoderma.
By definition of Zhou et al. (2022), the species is Eurhopalus vespulae, however the change is not yet accepted by some researchers.
# Le Bourget-du-Lac

Le Bourget-du-Lac (French pronunciation:, literally Le Bourget of the Lake or Arpitan: Le Borgèt-du-Lèc) is a commune in the Savoie department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region in eastern/south-eastern France.
It lies near the Lac du Bourget and 12 km (7.5 mi) from Chambéry.

## Climate

Le Bourget-du-Lac is right on the boundary between a mid-latitude, four seasons humid subtropical climate (Cfa) and an oceanic climate (Cfb) under the Köppen system. In spite of this, it is highly influenced by its interior position within France, near several mountain ranges, resulting in quite hot summers and winters with frequent temperatures below freezing, especially at night. Convective rainfall is frequent for much of the year, rendering high precipitation/day quotas. The nearest weather station is located at Chambéry Airport, 3 km east of the town.
Climate data for Le Bourget-du-Lac (Chambéry Airport, altitude 235m, 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1973–present) :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 17.9 (64.2) | 20.5 (68.9) | 25.1 (77.2) | 29.5 (85.1) | 32.7 (90.9) | 36.7 (98.1) | 38.8 (101.8) | 38.8 (101.8) | 32.0 (89.6) | 29.0 (84.2) | 23.3 (73.9) | 22.7 (72.9) | 38.8 (101.8) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 6.4 (43.5) | 8.5 (47.3) | 13.4 (56.1) | 17.3 (63.1) | 21.3 (70.3) | 25.3 (77.5) | 27.8 (82.0) | 27.1 (80.8) | 22.3 (72.1) | 17.0 (62.6) | 10.6 (51.1) | 6.9 (44.4) | 17.0 (62.6) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 2.9 (37.2) | 4.1 (39.4) | 8.0 (46.4) | 11.4 (52.5) | 15.6 (60.1) | 19.4 (66.9) | 21.4 (70.5) | 20.9 (69.6) | 16.8 (62.2) | 12.3 (54.1) | 6.9 (44.4) | 3.4 (38.1) | 11.9 (53.4) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −0.7 (30.7) | −0.4 (31.3) | 2.5 (36.5) | 5.6 (42.1) | 10.0 (50.0) | 13.5 (56.3) | 15.0 (59.0) | 14.6 (58.3) | 11.3 (52.3) | 7.7 (45.9) | 3.1 (37.6) | 0.0 (32.0) | 6.8 (44.2) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −19.0 (−2.2) | −14.4 (6.1) | −10.3 (13.5) | −4.6 (23.7) | −1.4 (29.5) | 2.8 (37.0) | 5.4 (41.7) | 5.0 (41.0) | 1.0 (33.8) | −4.3 (24.3) | −10.8 (12.6) | −13.5 (7.7) | −19.0 (−2.2) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 102.6 (4.04) | 79.1 (3.11) | 93.1 (3.67) | 87.9 (3.46) | 101.0 (3.98) | 94.5 (3.72) | 91.7 (3.61) | 97.6 (3.84) | 104.3 (4.11) | 113.3 (4.46) | 114.6 (4.51) | 124.2 (4.89) | 1,203.9 (47.40) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 9.7 | 8.1 | 9.7 | 9.6 | 11.1 | 9.9 | 8.2 | 8.5 | 8.8 | 10.3 | 10.1 | 10.6 | 114.6 |
| Average snowy days | 5.4 | 4.6 | 2.2 | 1.2 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 1.7 | 3.2 | 18.3 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 76.6 | 101.8 | 157.8 | 176.2 | 202.3 | 236.3 | 261.6 | 237.1 | 180.7 | 123.8 | 74.5 | 66.3 | 1,894.9 |
| Source 1: Météo-France ||||||||||||||
| Source 2: Infoclimat.fr ||||||||||||||

## Gallery

* The church.
* Old ironworks transformed into an observation point for birds.
* The river Leysse close to the commune.
# Robert F. Denzler

Robert Heinrich Friedrich Denzler (19 March 1892 – 25 August 1972) was a Swiss composer and conductor. He was committed to the music of Richard Wagner and contemporary works.

## Life

Denzler was the son of a rope maker. He studied with Fritz Niggli (piano) as well as with William Ackroyd and with Willem de Boer (violin) at the Zurich University of the Arts. He also received private lessons in theory and composition from Volkmar Andreae, principal conductor of the Tonhalle Orchester Zürich. In 1911/12, he was trained as a concert pianist at the Rheinische Musikschule [de] with Lazzaro Uzielli. During the summer months, he also worked as a musical assistant at the Bayreuth Festival under the conductors Hans Richter, Karl Muck and Michael Balling and as répétiteur at the Cologne Stadttheater.
From 1912 to 1915, he was municipal music director in Lucerne. In 1913, he became cantonal music director. After that, he became the 1st Kapellmeister of the Zurich Opera House, succeeding Lothar Kempters. There, he conducted several world premieres and first performances like Othmar Schoeck's Don Ranudo in 1919. From 1917 to 1927, he was also director of the Lehrergesangsverein Zürich. From 1925 to 1931 he organised the Wagner Festival at the Grand Théâtre de Genève in cooperation with the Orchestre de la Suisse Romande, where he gave the first performances of Das Rheingold, die Götterdämmerung and Parsifal. Guest conductors led him to Paris. In 1927, he changed to the Deutsche Oper Berlin in Berlin-Charlottenburg.
From 1937 to 1947, he was chief music director at the Zurich City Theatre. There he stood up for the "degenerate music" that was spurned by the Nazis. He brought Alban Berg's Lulu in 1937 and Paul Hindemith's opera Mathis der Maler to the premiere in 1938. He was also responsible for the Swiss premieres of Richard Strauss' Die schweigsame Frau (1936), Shostakovich's Lady Macbeth of the Mtsensk District (1936), Heinrich Sutermeister's Romeo and Juliet (1940) and Heinrich Schoeck's Das Schloss Dürande (1943). In 1946, he had to resign from his post due to his links with National Socialism in the early 1930s; during his Berlin years (1932) he joined the NSDAP as a foreigner, probably to keep his post in Berlin. Later he admitted his political flaws.
From the end of the 1940s, he worked as a guest conductor in Germany and abroad. Concert tours led him through Europe and to South America. Amongst others he performed at the Salzburg Festival. In 1959, he was awarded the Hans-Georg-Nägeli-Medal of the city of Zurich (on the occasion of the world premiere of his Romantic Symphony). In 1960, he took over the Sunday concert in the Kongresshaus Zürich.
As a composer he wrote chamber music (among others two string quartets), orchestral works and vocal music.
He was a Calvinist-reformed and married the singer Idalice Anrig-Denzler (1894–1974). Their daughter Sylva Denzler (b. 1919) became an actress.
Denzler died in Zurich at the age of 80. His estate is kept in the Zentralbibliothek Zürich after a family bequest.
# Battle of Haugsnes

The Battle of Haugsnes (Icelandic: Haugsnesbardagi) was fought at Haugsnes, a low peninsula south of Flugumýri in Skagafjörður, Northern Iceland. The battle took place on April 19, 1246 between the forces of Þórður kakali Sighvatsson and those of Brandur Kolbeinsson. Þórður was victorious. It was the bloodiest battle ever to be fought in Icelandic history, with about 110 casualties in total, amongst them Brandur Kolbeinsson, chieftain of the Ásbirningar family clan. Defeat in battle led to the end of power for the Ásbirningar.
The artist and farmer Sigurður Hansen of Kringlumýri created a memorial for the battle at the site, consisting of more than 1100 boulders in battle order, each representing a combatant. Those who fell are marked with iron crosses.
# Belmont-Tramonet

Belmont-Tramonet (French pronunciation:; Arpitan: Bèrmon) is a commune in the Savoie department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region in south-eastern France.
# Nave Espacial de Varginha

21°33′33″S 45°26′24″W﻿ / ﻿21.559167°S 45.44°W﻿ / -21.559167; -45.44
The Nave Espacial de Varginha (Portuguese pronunciation:, Varginha's spacecraft), located in Varginha, Brazil, is a 20-meter-tall water tower with a disc-shaped water reservoir. It was built in 2001, and commemorates the so-called Varginha UFO incident of 1996.
# Al-Fadl ibn Qarin al-Tabari

Al-Fadl ibn Qarin al-Tabari (Arabic: الفضل بن قارن الطبري) was a ninth century military commander and provincial governor for the Abbasid Caliphate. He served as the governor of Hims from 862 until he was killed during a revolt in 864.

## Career

Al-Fadl was the brother of Mazyar ibn Qarin, who had been the ruler of Tabaristan until an unsuccessful rebellion in 839, and his own nisbah of "al-Tabari" suggests an origin from that province. In 860 al-Fadl participated in the raids against the Byzantine Empire; commanding twenty vessels, he undertook a naval expedition and attacked the fortress of Attaleia in southwest Anatolia. Two years later he was appointed by the caliph al-Musta'in as governor of Hims, following a revolt which had resulted in the flight of its previous governor Kaydar ibn 'Abdallah al-Ushrusani. Upon arriving in the district he was approached by the local residents, who explained that their actions had been prompted by Kaydar's misrule, and he was able to enter the city of Hims without opposition.
Despite the peaceful start to his governorship, al-Fadl soon learned of a fresh plot by the people of Hims to rebel against him. He therefore rounded up a group of alleged leaders of the revolt, beheading some of them and sending one hundred notables to the caliph in Samarra. He also dismantled the city walls and ordered that the street pavements be removed. These measures, however, failed to stifle the unrest, and eventually the people of Hims and a group of the Banu Kalb united under the leadership of one 'Utayf ibn Ni'mah al-Kalbi and revolted against al-Fadl. The latter barricaded himself in the palace of Khalid ibn Yazid ibn Mu'awiyah, but was betrayed by his followers and handed over to the rebels who, after robbing him of his money and wives, killed him and hung his body on the city gates. Following his death, Hims remained in a state of rebellion until it was again pacified by the general Musa ibn Bugha al-Kabir.