OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Roermond Charterhouse

Roermond Charterhouse, otherwise Bethlehem Charterhouse (Dutch: Kartuizerklooster Bethlehem, Kartuizerklooster Onze Lieve Vrouwe van Bethlehem), was a Carthusian monastery or charterhouse in Roermond in the province of Limburg in the south Netherlands. It was founded in 1376 by Werner van Swalmen, a canon at Maastricht, after he had returned from a pilgrimage to the Holy Land, and settled by 12 monks from Cologne Charterhouse. One of the first priors was the prominent scholar Henry of Kalkar. The important and prolific 15th-century theologian Denis the Carthusian (1402–1471) was a monk here.
In the 15th century the charterhouse was able to undertake the settlement of two new monasteries, Vught Charterhouse (1466) and Vogelsang Charterhouse (1478).
The monastery was destroyed by fire in 1554 and pillaged by the army of William the Silent, Prince of Orange, in 1572, when half the monks were killed, subsequently known as the Martyrs of Roermond. The monastery was re-founded in 1576 but suffered another serious fire in 1665.
The monastery enjoyed prosperity in the 18th century but was suppressed under the Josephine Reforms in 1783.
In 1841 the buildings were taken over for the seminary of the Diocese of Roermond, which occupied them until 1961. They are now used as the diocesan offices. The mediaeval monastic chapel, re-dedicated to Saint Charles Borromeo in 1841, continues in use as a church.

## Sources

* Het geheim van de stilte. De besloten wereld van de Roermondse kartuizers. Krijn Pansters (ed.), Uitg. Waanders, Zwolle, 2009. ISBN 9789040084881
* The Carthusians in the Low Countries. Studies in Monastic History and Heritage. Krijn Pansters (ed.), Peeters, Leuven, 2014 ISBN 9789042931800
* Archeologische Opgraving Bethlehemstraat - Voogdijstraat, Roermond. J.E.M. Wattenberghe, Heinenoord, 2011 ISBN 9789461920201
51°11′48″N 5°59′23″E﻿ / ﻿51.19667°N 5.98972°E﻿ / 51.19667; 5.98972
# Liberal Party (Iceland, historical)

The Liberal Party (Icelandic: Frjálslyndi flokkurinn) was a short-lived political party in Iceland in the late 1920s.

## History

The party was formed in 1927 by a group of MPs sitting under the Independence Party name.
In 1923 the original Independence Party had allied with former members of the recently dissolved Home Rule Party to form the Citizens' Party in order to unite against the new class parties, the Progressive Party (representing the farmers), and the Social Democrats (representing the workers). The majority of the Citizens' Party formed the Conservative Party the following year, but its left wing under former Prime Minister Sigurður Eggerz kept going under the Independence Party name until they formed the Liberal Party in 1927.
The Liberal Party contested the 1927 election, but only got Sigurður elected. In 1929 the party reunited with the Conservatives to establish the new Independence Party, which became the dominant political force in Iceland.
# Besar Mertokusumo

Besar Mertokusumo (also spelled Besar Martokusumo; 8 July 1894 – c. 1980) was an Indonesian advocate, said by Daniel S. Lev to be the first.

## Early life and education

Mertokusumo was born in Brebes, Central Java, Dutch East Indies on 8 July 1894 to a prosecutor and his wife; he was the first of two children. He attended elementary school at a Europeesche Lagere School in Pekalongan, graduating in 1909. He then attended the Rechtschool in Batavia, which he graduated in 1915; there, he lived with numerous other Indonesian students under the supervision of a Dutchwoman, studying criminal law. After several years as the Official Seconded (Dutch: Ambtenaar Ter Beschikking) at the Landraad (state court) in Pekalongan, he received a grant to go to Leiden, Netherlands, to study at Leiden University together with eleven others. He graduated in 1922.

## Legal and political career

After being refused equal legal status with the Dutch, Mertokusumo decided to become an advocate. He later established a law firm in Tegal, not far from his family in Brebes; at the time, there were few Dutch lawyers there. Despite a lack of support from his family, after a few years he was able to open a second branch in Semarang, attracting young lawyers to his firm with wages up to 600 gulden a month.
During the Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies, Mertokusumo served as the mayor of Tegal in April 1942; he was the first Native Indonesian mayor. In 1944 he became the regent of Tegal Regency. Towards the end of the Japanese occupation, he joined the Committee for Preparatory Work for Indonesian Independence and became the Assistant Resident of Pekalongan.
After independence, Mertokusumo served as secretary general of the Department of Justice.
Mertokusumo died at age 86 on 23 February 1980. He is buried in Giritama Cemetery, Bogor.

## Legacy

American scholar of Indonesia Daniel S. Lev has called Mertokusumo Indonesia's first advocate, noting that he often represented poor Indonesian defendants in the Landraad, where they would be forced to sit on the floor. Lev writes that Mertokusumo "broke the ice" for Indonesian advocates.
On 17 August 1992, Mertokusumo received the Bintang Mahaputra posthumously for his legal work.

## Personal life

Mertokusumo was married to Raden Ayu Majatoen, with whom he had four children.
# La Chapelle-Saint-Maurice

La Chapelle-Saint-Maurice (French:; Arpitan: La Shapala-San-Meuri) is a commune in the Haute-Savoie department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region in south-eastern France.
# Papi Khaldar

Papi Khaldar (Persian: پاپي خالدار) may refer to:
* Papi Khaldar-e Olya
* Papi Khaldar-e Sofla
# Progress, Voronezh Oblast

Progress (Russian: Прогресс) is a rural locality (a settlement) in Rubashevskoye Rural Settlement, Anninsky District, Voronezh Oblast, Russia. The population was 125 as of 2010. There are 2 streets.

## Geography

Progress is located 19 km north of Anna (the district's administrative centre) by road. Bolshiye Yasyrki is the nearest rural locality.
# Ascanio Mayone

Ascanio Mayone (ca. 1565 – 1627) was a Neapolitan composer and harpist. He trained as a pupil of Giovanni de Macque in Naples, and worked at Santissima Annunziata Maggiore there as organist from 1593 and maestro di cappella from 1621; he was also organist at the royal chapel from 1602. He published madrigals, but his main work is his two volumes of keyboard music, Capricci per sonar (1603, 1609). These contain canzonas, toccatas, variations, and arrangements of vocal pieces, many of which are distinctively Baroque rather than Renaissance in style.

## Works

* Il Primo libro di diversi capricci per sonare, Naples, 1603 (modern edition by Christopher Stembridge, Padua, 1981)
* Il primo libro di madrigali, 5 vv, Naples, 1604 (facs. partly damaged)
* Primo libro di ricercari a 3, Naples, 1606, (modern ed. F. Sumner: Italian instrumental music of the sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries ; vol. 18, Garland Publishing, New York,1995)
* Secondo libro di diversi capricci per sonare, Naples, 1609 (modern edition by Christopher Stembridge, Padua, 1984)
* 2 madrigals in Teatro de madrigali a cinque voci. De diversi eccellentiss. musici napoletani…, Naples 1609 (facs. partly damaged)
* Messe e vespri, 8vv
* Laetatus sum, 9vv
* Magnificat, 8vv
# Tamara Coast to Coast Way

The Tamara Coast to Coast Way is a 87-mile (140 km) walking route in England from Cremyll on the south coast of Cornwall to Morwenstow on its north coast. The route largely follows the River Tamar, which rises less than 4 miles (6.4 km) from the north coast, and is mostly in Cornwall with some sections in Devon. Tamara was the ancient goddess of the River Tamar.
By connecting with the South West Coast Path, the Tamara Way completes a 387-mile (623 km) circular walking route around the boundaries of Cornwall, known as Kylgh Kernow [The Circuit of Cornwall].
The route was officially opened in July 2023. It is waymarked with a logo showing a white bee on a green arrow on a blue roundel, with the name of the trail. It is marked and named on Ordnance Survey mapping.
# Petrovka, Anninsky District, Voronezh Oblast

Petrovka (Russian: Петровка) is a rural locality (a settlement) in Novozhiznenskoye Rural Settlement, Anninsky District, Voronezh Oblast, Russia. The population was 81 as of 2010. There are 2 streets.

## Geography

Petrovka is located 46 km southeast of Anna (the district's administrative centre) by road. Nikolayevka is the nearest rural locality.
# Orazio Michi

Orazio Michi "dell'Arpa" (also Mihi; Alife, Campania, 1594 – Rome, 26 October 1641) was an Italian composer, and, as his nickname "of the harp" suggests, harpist.

## Works, editions and recordings

* 3 instrumental pieces on The Harp of Luduvico I diletti di mundo. Quel signor. Su duro tronco. Andrew Lawrence-King CDH55264 Helios
* Piangete, afflitti lumi Jaroussky, Rial, Pluhar & L´Arpeggiata.
* Ninna nanna al bambino Gesù Jaroussky, Rial, Pluhar & L´Arpeggiata.
# Francesco Sacrati

Francesco Sacrati (17 September 1605 in Parma, Italy – 20 May 1650 in Modena, Italy) was an Italian composer of the Baroque era, who played an important role in the early history of opera. He wrote for the Teatro Novissimo in Venice as well as touring his operas throughout Italy. His most famous piece is La finta pazza ("The Feigned Madwoman", 1641), said to be the first opera ever performed in France (in 1645). The manuscript of this work was long thought to be lost but a touring edition of the manuscript was discovered by musicologist Lorenzo Bianconi in 1984. Some of the music bears striking similarities to the score of Monteverdi's L'incoronazione di Poppea, prompting scholars to speculate that Sacrati had a part in composing the surviving version of that opera. The United States premiere of La finta pazza, and first performance outside Europe, occurred in April 2010 at Yale University.

## Operas

* La Delia (1639)
* La finta pazza (1641)
* Bellerofonte (1642)
* Venere gelosa (1643)
* Proserpina Rapita (1644)
* L'Ulisse errante (1644)
* La Semiramide in India (1648)
* L'isola di Alcina (1648)
* Ergasto (1650)
# Samuridar

Samuridar (Kurdish: سموريدر, also Romanized as Samūrīdar; also known as Samūydar) is a village in Gavrud Rural District, Muchesh District, Kamyaran County, Kurdistan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 23, in 5 families. The village is populated by Kurds.
# Antonio Tarsia (composer)

    To be distinguished from Antonio Tarsia (sculptor) (Venice 1662–1739), an Italian sculptor.
Antonio Tarsia (July 28, 1643 – 1722) was an Italian composer.
Tarsia was born in Capodistria, a city in the Istria region under the Venetian dominion, today Koper, in Slovenia. He was the major Istrian composer of the early Baroque, and left a large amount of Latin sacred compositions. He died in Capodistria.
# Khleborodnoye

Khleborodnoye (Russian: Хлебородное) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative center of Khleborodnenskoye Rural Settlement, Anninsky District, Voronezh Oblast, Russia. The population was 608 as of 2010. There are 7 streets.

## Geography

Khleborodnoye is located on the Kurlak River, 20 km east of Anna (the district's administrative centre) by road. Mokhovoye is the nearest rural locality.
# Lorenzo Ratti

Lorenzo Ratti (c. 1589–1630) was an Italian baroque composer originating from Perugia. His parents were Girolamo and Isapaola Ugolini. His uncle and teacher was Vincenzo Ugolini. He was the predecessor of Carissimi at the Collegium Germanicum and furthermore he was a teacher of Orazio Benevoli.

## Biography

Obviously born in Perugia in 1589 or 1590 the dates and places of his birth and death are not quite clear. Some sources like François-Joseph Fétis mention a village called Loreto in the surrounding of Naples as his place of birth, but Robert Eitner does not agree and claims Perugia to be Ratti's place of birth. Also an obviously originally in 1632 signed sheet of music makes his dying date seem to be doubtful.
First he was mentioned in 1598/99 as a boy soprano of the ''Cappella Giulia di S. Pietro'' in Rome and later on he is the third organist there. For a short time he was the first organist of the dome of Perugia (1613–1616). Returning to Rome he advanced to be the director of music of several ensembles. His best known employments had been at S. Luigi dei Francesi as the teacher of Orazio Benevoli and that of the director of music at the Collegium Germanicum at S. Loreto. At last he succeeded Antonio Cifra as the director of music at Santa Casa di Loreto.

## Works, editions and recordings

He composed lots of sacral works. Very well known are his six Gospel Dialogues for the oratory. He is claimed to have composed 157 motets. Furthermore, he created a so-called dramma harmonico:
* Missa Zacharia a 16
* 6 Dialogues for the Oratory
* Sacrae modulationes 1628
* Il Ciclope overo Della vendetta d’Apolline
Eitner also mentioned several works including their state of conservation and their location (partly translated and shortened):
* Motecta 2, 3, 4 et 5 voc. lib. 1.; Roma 1617 Zanetti., Caecilia in Rome complete. B. B: C 1. 2. B.
* Sacrae Modulationes nunc primum in lucem editae Pars I./II., (not complete), Bologna, Kremsmünster, 1628 Aless. Vincentius
* Litaniae beatiss. V. M. 5, 6, 7, 8 et 12 voc. una c. B. ad org. Ven. 1630 Aless. Vincentius
* Cantica Salomonis. Binis, ternis, 4nis, acquinis vocibus concinenda. 1632
* Di Lorenzo R... nepote e discepolo di Vinc. Ugolini. Il 1. lib. de Madrigali a 5 voci, 1615 G. Vincenti. Neapel.
* Alfieri, Bd.2, S. 65. Jesu cordis solatium 5 voc.
* O Domine Jesu Christe, (2 copies) .
* Cap. lat.: Missa sine nom. a 4 cori (4 Org. u. 4 voci per coro).
* Cap. sistina, Cod. 220, Ecce panis angelicus 5 voc.
* Kremsmünster, Cod. Lechler "einige Tonsätze" (= "some compositions").
* "In alten Samlwk. im Druck" (= "collection to be printed"): In Dom. Bianchi's Sacrarum modulat. 1642: Transfige. — In Sammaruco's Sacri affetti 1625: Salve virgo sacra parens 4 voc. concert.
# Blauwburgwal

The Blauwburgwal (literally: Dutch: blue fortress wall) is a canal in Amsterdam between the Singel (at Lijnbaanssteeg) and the Herengracht (at Herenstraat). It is close to the city center and part of the west Grachtengordel (canal belt).
Halfway along the northeast side, the Langestraat meets the Blauwburgwal. The canal has two bridges, one beside Singel bridge 11 and the other beside Herengracht bridge 19.

## History

The canal was dug at the end of the 16th century. Before the city expansion of 1612, the Blauwburgwal was called Blauwburgwal Lijnbaansgracht as an extension of Lijnbaanssteeg. When a new Lijnbaansgracht was created during the expansion, the name was changed to Blauwburgwal naar de Blauwe Brug. The Blauwe Brug (Blue Bridge) across the Singel is now called the Lijnbaansbrug.
On 11 May 1940 part of the Blauwburgwal was destroyed by a German bombing. Fourteen buildings were destroyed and 44 were killed.

## Architecture

The facade of Blauwburgwal 22 has an elevated bell-gable dating from 1669. The bell gable developed from the neck gable. This building was mainly built between 1660 and 1790.
Blauwburgwal 22 is unique in its kind. It is the only example of a raised bell gable: an extra step with a small claw piece. The gable has curved side walls ornamented with fruit and urns. The house is owned by the Hendrick de Keyser Association.
* Pile driving on the Blauwburgwal, 19 February 1951
* Canal houses at Blauwburgwal-Herengracht, bridge 19 in foreground
* View of Blauwburgwal
# Francesco Rossi (composer)

Francesco Rossi ( ?Bari 1625 – ? after 1699) was an Italian composer, organist and Maestro di Cappella.

## Life

Rossi was born in Bari in 1625. He is recorded as student in the Conservatorio di Sant'Onofrio a Porta Capuana in Naples. In 1669 he is Maestro di Cappella in the same institute, position held till 1672, and organist at Bari's Cathedral. He became a canon of Bari Cathedral and on 16 January 1677 was appointed Maestro di cappella. From 1681 he shared the position with his rival Alonzo Ramirez. He moved to Venice in 1686 where he was known as 'abate pugliese'. In Venice he wrote operas for the Teatro San Moisè and published his Salmi et messa a cinque voci op.1 (Venice, 1688). On 22 July 1689 he was appointed maestro di cappella of the Venetian Ospedale dei Mendicanti. He retired on 8 January 1699.

## Compositions
### Operas

* La Caduta dell’ultimo Visire (Venice, 1686)
* La Corilda (Venice, 1688)
* La Floridea (Venice, 1688)
* La Pena degli Occhi (Venice, 1688)

### Sacred works

* San Filippo Neri (Oratorio)
* La Caduta degli Angeli (Oratorio)
* Salmi et messa a cinque voci op.1 (Venice, 1688)

## Sources

* Jolando Scarpa (ed.): Arte e musica all'Ospedaletto. Schede d'archivio sull'attività musicale degli Ospedali dei Derelitti e dei Mendicanti di Venezia (sec. XVI–XVIII).
* Lorenzo Bianconi & Jennifer Williams Brown: Rossi, Francesco in The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians.
# Brendan

Brendan may refer to:

## People

* Saint Brendan the Navigator (c. 484–c. 577), Irish monastic saint.
* Saint Brendan of Birr (died 573), Abbot of Birr, County Offaly
* Brendan (given name), a masculine given name in the English language

## Other uses

* Brendan and the Secret of Kells, an animated feature film
* Brendan Airways, parent company of USA3000 Airlines
* Storm Brendan (disambiguation), various storms
# Demirkapı, Kızıltepe

Demirkapı (Kurdish: Merşo) is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Kızıltepe, Mardin Province in Turkey. The village is populated by Kurds of the Xalecan tribe and had a population of 241 in 2021.
# Pietro Paolo Sabbatini

Pietro Paolo Sabbatino or Sabbatini (1600 – 1657) was an Italian composer, orchestra director and musician, who was born and died in Rome, and worked mainly in his home city. He composed mostly popular songs of his time, such as villanellas, capriccios, canzones and canzonettas, but he also composed religious music works, such as psalms.
His best known work are the Canzoni Spirituali a Una, a Due et a Tre Voci (Spiritual Songs at One, Two and Three Voices), published in 1640. He wrote a textbook on religious music, titled Toni Ecclesiastici Colle sue Intonazioni all'Uso Romano (1650).
From 1628 to 1630 Sabbatini was regent and musical director of the Arciconfraternitá della Morte et Orazione in Rome, and from 1630 to 1631 of the Church of San Luigi dei Francesi, also in Rome.

## Works, editions and recordings

* Intermezzi Spirituali, 1628
* Canzoni Spirituali a 1, a 2 et a 3 Voci, 1640
Recordings
* Intermezzi Spirituali No.3 - Ensemble Jacques Moderne, dir. Joël Suhubiette on Carissimi Jonas. Ligia Digital 2003
# Jafir-e Do

Jafir-e Do (Persian: جفيردو, also Romanized as Jafīr-e Do) is a village in Bani Saleh Rural District, Neysan District, Hoveyzeh County, Khuzestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 69, in 14 families.
# New York Review Books

New York Review Books (NYRB) is the publishing division of The New York Review of Books. Its imprints are New York Review Books Classics, New York Review Books Collections, The New York Review Children's Collection, New York Review Comics, New York Review Books Poets, and NYRB Lit.

## Description

The division was started in the fall of 1999. It grew out of another enterprise called the Reader's Catalog (subtitle: "The 40,000 best books in print"), which sold books through a catalog. Founder Edwin Frank and his managing editor discovered that many of the books they wanted were out of print, so they decided to republish titles in fiction and non-fiction.

### Series and collections

NYRB Classics is a series of fiction and non-fiction works for all ages and from around the world. Since its first volume, a 1999 reissue of Richard Hughes's 1929 novel A High Wind in Jamaica, NYRB Classics has published hundreds of titles. Occasionally, it has published translations of works previously unavailable in English by writers including Euripides, Dante, Balzac and Chekhov. It also publishes fiction by more contemporary writers such as Vasily Grossman, Mavis Gallant, Upamanyu Chatterjee, Georges Simenon, Kenneth Fearing, and J. R. Ackerley. Most of the books include an introduction by a writer or literary critic. Edwin Frank is the editor of the Classics imprint. It has been called "a marvellous literary imprint ... that has put hundreds of wonderful books back on our shelves."
NYRB Collections is a series of books that collect essays by frequent contributors to The New York Review of Books. With works by writers such as Larry McMurtry, Frank Rich, Mary McCarthy, Freeman Dyson and others, NYRB Collections present treatments of major intellectual, political, scientific, and artistic developments and debates. The NYRB Lit series was established in July 2012 with the specific goal of publishing contemporary works of noteworthy fiction and non-fiction from around the world. It is an e-book-only series that strives to publish titles considered too low in profitability for traditional publishers. The first-announced titles were The Water Theatre by Lindsay Clarke (September 2012); Beirut, I Love You by Zena El Khalil (October 2012); 1948 by Yoram Kaniuk (November 2012); Ravan and Eddie by Kiran Nagarkar (December 2012), and On the Edge by Markus Werner (January 2013).
The New York Review Children's Collection was founded in 2003 to reintroduce children's books that have fallen out of print, or simply out of mainstream attention. The series includes more than 30 titles, ranging from picture books to young adult novels. NYRB Kids was founded in 2015; titles are "drawn from The New York Review Children’s Collection and reissued as stylish paperback editions designed to be especially attractive to young readers".
Other collections and series include New York Review Comics, NYRB Poets, and Calligrams, a "series of writings from and on China".
# Portrait of a Lady (Titian, Chicago)

Portrait of a Lady, formerly known as Portrait of Giulia Gonzaga, is an oil painting by, or possibly after Titian. It is dated, broadly, to the period 1525–1565. The painting is in the collection of the Art Institute of Chicago.

## Description

The attribution of this picture is uncertain, although it has long been associated with Titian. It is related to La Bella and Girl in a Fur. It has usually been entitled Portrait of Giulia Gonzaga, but the identification with the Italian noblewoman of that name is no longer accepted; it is now entitled simply Portrait of a Lady.

## Condition

The painting is in poor condition, and was cleaned of earlier inpainting in the 1960s. Some paint and ground has been lost in the upper background and in the sitter's hair. The surface of the paint is abraded in places in the background, on the left side of the sitter's face, and on her bosom.

## Provenance

* Private Collection, Italy.
* Sold by Böhler and Steinmeyer, New York, to Max Epstein (died 1954), Chicago, between 1928 and 1930.
* Bequeathed to the Art Institute of Chicago, 1954.

## Versions

There is one other version in a private collection in Italy, and there is a copy of the Chicago portrait in the Museo Cerralbo in Madrid.
* Version in a private collection, c. 1530–1539 (92 x 81 cm)
* Copy in the Museo Cerralbo, c. 1576–1600 (67 x 56.5 cm)
# Grand Royal Order of Sultan Ahmad Shah of Pahang

The Grand Royal Order of Sultan Ahmad Shah of Pahang (Malay: Darjah Sri Diraja Sultan Ahmad Shah Pahang) is the fourth highest order of chivalry of the state of Pahang which was constituted by Sultan Ahmad Shah of Pahang on 23 October 2010 in conjunction with his 80th birthday anniversary. The order ranked below the Order of Al-Sultan Abdullah of Pahang and above the Order of Sultan Ahmad Shah of Pahang.

## Classes

The Grand Royal Order of Sultan Ahmad Shah of Pahang is conferred in the single class of "Grand Royal Knight". The recipients are entitled to bear the prenominal title of "Dato' Sri Diraja" and use the post-nominal letters of "S.D.S.A.".

## Recipients
### Grand Royal Knights

* Tan Sri Dato' Sri Diraja Adnan Yaakob (2010)
* Dato' Sri Diraja Wan Rosdy Wan Ismail (2024)