OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Pavel Korovkin

Pavel Petrovich Korovkin (Russian: Павел Петрович Коровкин) (the family name is also transliterated as Korowkin in German sources) (9 July 1913 – 11 August 1985) was a Soviet mathematician whose main fields of research were orthogonal polynomials, approximation theory and potential theory. In 1947 he proved a generalization of Egorov's theorem: from the early 1950s on, his research interests turned to functional analysis and he examined the stability of the exterior Dirichlet problem and the convergence and approximation properties of linear positive operators on spaces of continuous functions. The set of terms and Korovkin approximation are named after him.

## Life and career

Korovkin was born to a poor peasant family. He lost his father early and grew from 1914 to 1920 at an orphanage. In 1930 he graduated high school in Leningrad. As the winner of a mathematics contest he had a right to enter the Leningrad State University without entrance exams. After a year of working at a factory he entered the Faculty of Mathematics and Mechanics. His scientific advisor was V.I. Smirnov. Korovkin earned his doctorate in 1939 with a dissertation on orthogonal polynomials. He then was appointed to Kalinin Pedagogical Institute.
At the beginning of Great Patriotic War Korovkin voluntarily enlisted to the Red Army. He started as a cannon platoon chief and till the end of war promoted to artillery regiment chief. He was awarded with Order of the Red Star.
In December 1945, he continued his work at the Kalinin Pedagogical Institute, in 1947 with a thesis on convergence of polynomial sequences, and was appointed professor in 1948. At the Moscow Automobile and Road Institute from 1958 to 1970 he headed the department of higher mathematics, then he became head of the Department of Mathematical Analysis at the Kaluga State Pedagogical Institute.

## Selected publications

* Korovkin, P. P. (1947), "Generalization of a theorem of D. F. Egorov", Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR (in Russian), 58: 1265–1267, MR 0023322, Zbl 0038.03803.
* Korovkin, P. P. (1959), Линейные операторы и теория приближений (in Russian), Москва: Физматгиз, p. 211, Zbl 0094.10201, translated in English as Linear operators and approximation theory, Russian monographs and texts on advanced mathematics and physics, vol. III, Hindustan Publishing Corporation (India), 1960, MR 0150565.
# Macedonian Evangelical United Church, Preston

The Macedonian Evangelical United Church (Macedonian: Македонската Евангелска Обединета Црква, Makedonska Evangelska Obedineta Crkva) is the Macedonian parish of the Uniting Church in Australia (UCA) located in Preston, a suburb of northern Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. The Methodist Church parish of the UCA was formed during the mid 1970s and links are maintained between Preston church and the Evangelical Methodist Church based in the Balkans.
* Macedonian Evangelical United Church
* Church sign (front)
* Church sign (back)
* Church hall
# Volgfelde

Volgfelde is a village and a former municipality in the district of Stendal, in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany.
Since 1 January 2010, it is part of the town Stendal.
# Farhad Hajiyev

Farhad Majid oghlu Hajiyev (Azerbaijani: Fərhad Məcid oğlu Hacıyev, 1980, Sumgait) is the deputy minister of youth and sports of Azerbaijan Republic.

## Biography

Hajiyev was born in 1980 in Sumgait. He completed a bachelor's degree in international relations at Azerbaijan University between 1995 and 1999, and completed a master's degree between 1999 and 2001. In 2007 he graduated from Azerbaijan State University of Economics with a master's degree in finance. He graduated from the course of Harvard Kennedy School for senior government officials in 2008. He is a PhD in philosophical sciences.

## Career

In 2000–2001 Hajiyev worked as a department head, chairman of the assembly, secretary general of the National Council of Youth Organizations of Azerbaijan Republic. In 2001, he was appointed head of the Sector for Work with International Organizations at Ministry of Youth and Sports of the Republic of Azerbaijan. In November 2002, he was appointed head of the Youth Affairs Department of the Ministry of Youth and Sports. From 2006 to 2009, he served as chairman of the Council of Europe's Youth Affairs Program Committee.
From 2012 to 2018 he worked as the executive director of the Youth Foundation under the president of the Republic of Azerbaijan. In 2018, he was appointed deputy minister of youth and sports of the Republic of Azerbaijan by the order of the president of the Republic of Azerbaijan.

## Awards

* For service to the Fatherland Order (3rd degree) – July 24, 2019
* Medal "For Distinction in Civil Service" – February 8, 2011
* Honorary Diploma of President – June 29, 2015
# Sebastian Kosiorowski

Sebastian Kosiorowski (born 21 May 1990) is a Polish professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for German club Germania Wernigerode.

## Career

Kosiorowski started his senior career with Korona Kielce in 2006. In the summer of 2008, he joined Scottish side Motherwell. He left the club in mid-2010 without making a single appearance.
After returning to Poland, Kosiorowski held short spells at Jagiellonia Białystok, Garbarnia Kraków, LKS Mogilany, Górnik Wieliczka, and Sandecja Nowy Sącz.
In 2013, he signed for Helmond Sport in the Dutch Eerste Divisie and made two appearances. On 24 January 2014, he re-signed with Korona Kielce. After leaving the club in June 2015, he trialed with several teams, but remained a free agent until 2020, when he joined Gwarek Ornontowice.
Kosiorowski took another break in his career in 2020 and returned to professional football in February 2023 after joining IV liga club KS Kutno.
On 4 August 2023, he signed with Marcovia 2000 Marki.
# Zali

Zali (Persian: زلي or زالي) may refer to:
* Zali, Kurdistan (زلي - Zalī)
* Zali, North Khorasan (زالي - Zālī)
# Darband, Tehran

Darband (Persian: دربند,), formerly a village close to Tajrish, Shemiran, is a neighborhood inside Tehran's metropolitan limits. It is the beginning of a hiking trail into Mount Tochal, which towers over Tehran. The Persian term darband translates to "door of the mountain" (band, a variation of vand and fand, meaning "mountain").
The start of the trail at Darband is about 250 metres long and is dotted with a number of small cafes and restaurants. These are quite popular and are busy in the evenings, as locals and tourists alike visit the many hooka lounges along the trail. The Zahir-od-dowleh cemetery is also located in Darband.

## Gallery

* A steep path in Darband
* A cafe in Darband
* A restaurant in Darband
# William Heather

William Heather, or Heyther (c. 1563 – 1627) was a musician, and founder of the position of the Heather Professor of Music at the University of Oxford.

## Life and career

William Heather was born in Harmondsworth, and sang in the choir of Westminster Abbey as a lay clerk (i.e. he was not ordained) between 1586 and 1615, when he joined the choir of the Chapel Royal. In these roles he was present at the funerals of Elizabeth I of England (1603), James I (1625) and James's wife Anne of Denmark (1619), and at the coronation of Charles I (1626). He married Margery Fryer at the adjoining church of St Margaret's, Westminster, in 1589. The composer Thomas Tomkins dedicated a madrigal, "Music Divine" (1622), to him. Heather died in late July 1627 at Westminster Abbey (in the Almonry) and was buried in the abbey on 1 August 1627. His will (dated 21 July 1627) left instructions for 64 mourning gowns to be given to poor men, which has been taken to indicate his age.

## Oxford

Through his role at the abbey, Heather came to know the historian and headmaster of Westminster School, William Camden, whom he looked after during two periods of illness in 1601 and 1609. On establishing the position of Camden Professor of Ancient History at the University of Oxford in 1622, Camden gave the manor of Bexley, Kent, to the university on condition that the profits of the manor should be paid to Heather and his heirs for 99 years; in turn, they were to pay £140 from the £400 profits to the Camden Professor. It was Heather who presented Camden's deed to the university, and in return he was awarded the degrees of BMus and DMus.
In 1626, Heather put forward the idea of promoting a weekly music practice at Oxford through donating instruments and music books. The university approved a weekly practice on a Thursday afternoon (except during Lent), under the supervision of a "Master of the Musicke" who would also care for the books and instruments. Heather's donation included a set of partbooks containing music by 16th-century English composers, now known as the "Forrest-Heather partbooks". The scheme also required the professor to provide theoretical and practical training in music. Heather chose Richard Nicholson of Magdalen College as the first professor. In 1627, Heather arranged to give an annual sum of £16 6 shillings and 8 pence to the university, from which a lecturer on music theory would draw £3 (although in the end only one person held this position, and the money was later reallocated elsewhere) and the balance would go to the professor of music. A commemorative stone was placed in Westminster Abbey in 1926 to mark the 300th anniversary of the foundation by Heather of the chair; it was placed near the monument to Camden.
# Debate between the hoe and the plough

The Debate between the hoe and the plough (CSL 5.3.1) is a work of Sumerian literature and one of the six extant works belonging to this literature's genre of disputations poem. It was written on clay tablets and dates to the Third Dynasty of Ur (ca. mid-3rd millennium BC) and runs 196 lines in length. The text was reconstructed by M. Civil in the 1960s. The two protagonists, as in other disputation poems, are two inarticulate things: in this case, two pieces of agricultural equipment, the hoe and the plough. The debate is about which is the better tool.
The Hoe and Plough is (along with Sheep and Grain) the best attested of the disputation poems given its attestation from ~60 manuscripts, likely due to its integral place as part of the ancient Sumerian scribal curriculum especially at the city of Nippur where the overwhelming majority of the manuscripts are provenanced. An up-to-date list of the manuscripts of the text is provided by Attinger 2015.
This disputation is also the only of the six Sumerian disputations to lack a cosmogony in its prologue. In place of the cosmogony is a hymn or a series of epithets addressed to Hoe (such as "child of a poor man") covering the first 5 lines. The disputation itself begins when Hoe declares that "I want to dispute with Plow!" The dispute covers lines 9 to 187. Hoe speaks in lines 9–19, 67–187 and Plough speaks in lines 21–66. One argument Hoe cites is its ability to make bricks, repair walls and so forth; Plough cites its agricultural utility like for tasks such as sowing. The adjudication begins when the god Enlil spontaneously appears to render a verdict about the outcome—differing from other disputation poems where the adjudicator, a king or god, is specifically requested by one or both contenders. Enlil asks Hoe to calm down and cease his insults against Plough. The poem is concluded by a doxology where Hoe was ruled to be the winner. This accords to the normal pattern of disputation poems where the first character cast to argue also turns out as the winner. It is also common for the speaker with the longest arguments to win, as is the case here—in fact—one of the insults by Hoe against Plough is that Hoe is equipped to be used year-round, whereas Plough is only in use for one third of the year; as a reflection of this, Plough's speeches are only one-third the length of Hoe's speeches in the totality of the disputation.
The Hoe and the Plough, along with other Sumerian disputation poems, helps demonstrate the continuity of the genre for when disputation poems begin appearing in the Akkadian language. For example, Hoe and Plough contains remarkable phraseological continuity with the Akkadian Palm and Vine, which is attested in manuscripts two millennia later (3rd century BC).
Miguel Civil has used the Hoe and Plough alongside the Sumerian Farmer's Instructions to produce a visual reconstruction of the Sumerian seed-plough, demonstrating the complexity of the tool.
# Mirza Jafar Topchubashov

Mirza Jafar Topchubashov (Russian: Мирза Джафар Топчибашев, Azerbaijani: Mirzə Cəfər Topçubaşov) was a Russian orientalist scholar and poet of Azerbaijani origin. He also worked as privy councillor for sometime alongside teaching Oriental Languages at History-Philology Faculty of Saint Petersburg State University since 1819. He was a member of Royal Asiatic Society, as well as teacher of Aleksander Chodźko, Alexander Griboyedov and Vasili Grigoryev, who would be appointed as Imperial Censor of Russia.

## Biography

He was born in either 1784 or 1790 to local minor noble family of Topchubashi. His father Ali-Mardan bek was a secretary and father-in-law of Javad Khan. He grew up in Tbilisi, educated under the guidance of clerics. In addition to his native Azerbaijani language, he was proficient in Persian, Arabic and Turkish, which he studied in the madrasah. He also had a command of Russian, Georgian and Armenian languages.
He was soon recruited as a translator to the Persian embassy with which he arrived in St. Petersburg in 1817. Not much later he was offered positions as a teacher of Oriental languages at the Main Pedagogical Institute and the Asian department of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Russia. After departure of François Bernard Charmoy on 31 December 1835, he was appointed to the post of extraordinary professor in the department of Persian literature.
He was one of the founders of Imperial Russian Archaeological Society in 1846, heading it till February 1855.
He resigned from academic work in 1849, citing health reasons. He was replaced by another Azerbaijani scholar Alexander Kazembek who was transferred from Kazan University. After leaving the university, Mirza Jafar worked in the Asian department of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs for another 18 years. He left work in the Asian department in 1867 due to the complete loss of working capacity. He still was connected to academia, granting scholarship to one of best students every year.
He died on 8 February 1869. The obituary noted that the name of Jafar Topchibashov “will be pronounced with appreciation as long as the existence of St. Petersburg University”.

## Awards

* Order of St. Anne 2nd degree with the imperial crown
* Order of St. Vladimir of the 4th degree (until 1826)
* Order of St. Vladimir 3rd degree
* Order of St. Vladimir 2nd degree
* Order of St. Stanislav 1st degree
* Persian Order of the Lion and the Sun 2nd degree
# Violin Sonata No. 5 (Beethoven)

The Violin Sonata No. 5 in F major, Op. 24, is a four movement work for violin and piano by Ludwig van Beethoven. It was first published in 1801. The work is commonly known as the Spring Sonata (Frühlingssonate), although the name "Spring" was apparently given to it after Beethoven's death. The sonata was dedicated to Count Moritz von Fries, a patron to whom Beethoven also dedicated two other works of the same year—the String Quintet in C major, Op. 29 and the Violin Sonata No. 4—as well as his later Symphony No. 7 in A major.
The autograph manuscript of the sonata is preserved in the Austrian National Library.

## Origin

Beethoven initially intended to pair this work with his Violin Sonata No. 4, Opus 23, and the two sonatas complement each other in both key and character. However, the two were not published together and thus have different opus numbers. The reason for the separation is unknown.

## Structure

The work is in four movements:
* Allegro
* Adagio molto espressivo
* Scherzo: Allegro molto
* Rondo: Allegro ma non troppo
The entire sonata takes approximately 22 minutes to perform.
# Dolunay, Lice

Dolunay (Kurdish: Zengê) is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Lice, Diyarbakır Province in Turkey. It is populated by Kurds and had a population of 402 in 2022.
# Chak railway station

Chak Railway Station (Urdu and Punjabi: چک ریلوے اسٹیشن) is located in Chak village, Multan district of Punjab province of the Pakistan.
# Derna Governorate

Darnah Governorate (Derna Governorate, Arabic: محافظة درنة) was one of the governorates (muhafazah) of Libya from 1963 to 1983. It was created out of the Cyrenaica province. Its capital was the town of Derna.
The governorate's population was 84,112 in 1964 and had risen to 108,407 by 1972.
* Bayda Governorate – west
* Benghazi Governorate – south
# Zeynalabedin Qiyami

Zeynalabedin Qiyami (Azerbaijani: Zeynalabidin Qiyami, Persian: زین‌العابدین قیامی ; born 1891 in Ahar — died in Baku) was an Iranian Azerbaijani politician and Jurist. By Ja'far Pishevari with the formation Azerbaijan People's Government in 1945, he was the Chairman of the Supreme Court of Azerbaijan's Government in the Ja'far Pishevari Cabinet.
# List of mayors of Fermo

The mayor of Fermo is an elected politician who, along with the Fermo's city council, is accountable for the strategic government of Fermo in Marche, Italy. The current mayor is Paolo Calcinaro, an independent politician of a centrist local Civic List, who took office on 17 June 2015.

## Overview

According to the Italian Constitution, the mayor of Fermo is member of the city council.
The mayor is elected by the population of Fermo, who also elects the members of the city council, controlling the mayor's policy guidelines and is able to enforce his resignation by a motion of no confidence. The mayor is entitled to appoint and release the members of his government.
Since 1993 the mayor is elected directly by Fermo's electorate: in all mayoral elections in Italy in cities with a population higher than 15,000 the voters express a direct choice for the mayor or an indirect choice voting for the party of the candidate's coalition. If no candidate receives at least 50% of votes, the top two candidates go to a second round after two weeks. The election of the City Council is based on a direct choice for the candidate with a preference vote: the candidate with the majority of the preferences is elected. The number of the seats for each party is determined proportionally.

## Italian Republic (since 1946)
### City Council election (1946-1993)

From 1946 to 1993, the Mayor of Fermo was elected by the city's Council.

### Direct election (since 1993)

Since 1993, under provisions of new local administration law, the Mayor of Fermo is chosen by direct election.
| | Mayor | Term start | Term end | Party |
| 1 | Ettore Fedeli | 6 December 1993 | 17 November 1997 | Democratic Party of the Left Democrats of the Left |
| 1 | Ettore Fedeli | 17 November 1997 | 31 January 2001 | Democratic Party of the Left Democrats of the Left |
| 2 | Saturnino Di Ruscio | 28 May 2001 | 30 May 2006 | Forza Italia The People of Freedom |
| 2 | Saturnino Di Ruscio | 30 May 2006 | 20 May 2011 | Forza Italia The People of Freedom |
| 3 | Nella Brambatti | 20 May 2011 | 21 February 2015 | Democratic Party |
| 4 | Paolo Calcinaro | 17 June 2015 | 23 September 2020 | Civic List |
| 4 | Paolo Calcinaro | 23 September 2020 | Incumbent | Civic List |
# Paul Högberg

Paul Högberg (30 October 1911 – 19 February 1999) was a Swedish sports administrator who served as the third President of International Handball Federation (IHF) from 1971 to 1984.
He was also the President of Swedish Handball Federation from 1948 to 1967. He died on 19 February 1999.
# Chak, Iran

Chak (Persian: چك or چاك) in Iran may refer to:
* Chak, Gilan (چاك - Chāk)
* Chak, South Khorasan (چك - Chak')
# Chitta swara

In Indian classical music, chitte swara (Sanskrit:चिट्टे स्वर, Kannada:ಚಿಟ್ಟೆ ಸ್ವರ) are a set of solfa passages (phrases of swaras). These are sung after the anupallavi and charanam, in the krithis which enriches the beauty of the composition. Chitte in Kannada means butterfly. The swaras enhance the beauty of the song like butterflies. This is usually done by the performers and not by the composers and in Carnatic music is an important improvisation aspect (manodharma music).
# Volsky

Volsky (masculine), Volskaya (feminine), or Volskoye (neuter) may refer to:

## People

* Arkady Volsky (1932–2006), Russian politician
* Lavon Volski (b. 1965), Belarusian musician and poet
* Paula Volsky, American fantasy writer
* Tamara Volskaya, Russian musician
* Vasily Volsky (1897–1946), Soviet general
* Vladimir Volsky (1877–1937), Russian revolutionary

## Places

* Volsky District, a district of Saratov Oblast, Russia
* Volskaya (rural locality), a rural locality (a village) in Arkhangelsk Oblast, Russia
* Volskoye, a rural locality (a village) in Tver Oblast, Russia
# Konstantin Valkov

Konstantin Anatolyevich Valkov (Russian: Константин Анатольевич Вальков; born November 11, 1971) is a Russian former Cosmonaut. He was selected as part of the TsPK-12 Cosmonaut group in 1997.

## Biography
### Early life and education

Valkov was born in Kamensk-Uralsky, Sverdlovsk Oblast, Russian SFSR on November 11, 1971. In 1994, he graduated from Barnaul Higher Military Air School of Pilots and subsequently became a Colonel in the Russian Air Force.

### Cosmonaut career

Valkov was selected as part of the TsPK-12 group of cosmonauts to train at the Yuri Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center in 1997. He then completed basic training in 1999. He retired without flying in space in 2012.
# Dramarama (film)

Dramarama (Icelandic: Villiljós) is a 2001 Icelandic comedy-drama film directed by Inga Lísa Middleton, Dagur Kári, Ragnar Bragason, Ásgrímur Sverrisson and Einar Thór Gunnlaugsson. It consists of five intertwined episodes, each made by a different director, set in Reykjavík during a power outage. The stories focus on a blind man, a pregnant girl, the driver of a hearse, two recently engaged lovers and a rock band. The film was produced by Zik Zak Filmworks with support from the Icelandic Film Fund.
The film was released in Iceland on 19 January 2001. It was nominated for the Edda Award for best film, screenplay and supporting actor (Björn J. Friðbjörnsson).

## Segments

* "Aumingjaskápurinn" - directed by Ragnar Bragason
* "Líkið í lestinni" - directed by Dagur Kári
* "Mömmuklúbburinn" - directed by Inga Lísa Middleton
* "Heimsyfirráð eða bleyjuskiptingar" - directed by Ásgrímur Sverrisson
* "Guð hrapar úr vélinni" - directed by Einar Thor Gunnlaugsson

## Cast

* Björn J. Friðbjörnsson as Ívar
* Inga Maria Valdimarsdóttir as Ívar's girlfriend
* Henrik Baldvin Björnsson as the ghost
* Megas as the voice of conscience
* Ingvar Eggert Sigurðsson as Sölvi
* Hafdís Huld as Silja
* Álfrún Örnólfsdóttir as Tóta
* Guðrún María Bjarnadóttir as Birna
* Ragnheiður Steindórsdóttir as Steinka
* Guðrún Gísladóttir as Tóta's mother
* Ari Gunnar Þorsteinsson as Tóta's brother
* Sverrir Bollason as cute boy #1
* Markús Bjarnason as cute boy #2
* Edda Björgvinsdóttir as Hanna
* Eggert Þorleifsson as Albert
# Night Over Chile

Night Over Chile (Russian: Ночь над Чили, romanized: Noch nad Chili) is a 1977 Soviet drama film directed by Sebastián Alarcón and Aleksandr Kosarev. It was entered into the 10th Moscow International Film Festival where it won the Special Prize.

## Plot

Young architect Manuel's (Grigore Grigoriu) life purpose is to construct new beautiful houses. He is not interested in politics, showing everyone around him complete neutrality. However the events of 11 September 1973 shatter his perfect little world. The murder of lawful President Allende, arrests without charges and court decisions fundamentally change Manuel's outlook on what is happening. Because a leftist activist escaped from a raid through his apartment, the architect gets thrown into jail, goes through torture and abuse, and witnesses mass executions (at the infamous National Stadium). Manuel understands that the only way for an honest man is the path of the political struggle, the national resistance.

## Cast

* Grigore Grigoriu as Salvador
* Nartai Begalin as Chilean soldier
* Olegar Fedoro as Crime Reporter (as Oleg Fedorov)
* Baadur Tsuladze as Senator
* Sebastián Alarcón as Sergeant