OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Umberto Giordano

Umberto Menotti Maria Giordano (28 August 1867 – 12 November 1948) was an Italian composer, mainly of operas. His best-known work in that genre was Andrea Chénier (1896).
He was born in Foggia in Apulia, southern Italy, and studied under Paolo Serrao at the Conservatoire of Naples. His first opera, Marina, was written for a competition promoted by the music publishers Casa Sonzogno for the best one-act opera, remembered today because it marked the beginning of Italian verismo. The winner was Mascagni's Cavalleria rusticana. Giordano, the youngest contestant, was placed sixth among seventy-three entries with his Marina, a work which generated enough interest for Sonzogno to commission the staging of an opera based on it in the 1891–92 season.
The result was Mala vita, a gritty verismo opera about a labourer who vows to reform a prostitute if he is cured of his tuberculosis. This work caused something of a scandal when performed at the Teatro Argentina, Rome, in February 1892. It played successfully in Vienna, Prague and Berlin and was re-written as Il Voto a few years later, in an attempt to raise interest in the work again.
Giordano tried a more romantic topic with his next opera, Regina Diaz, with a libretto by Giovanni Targioni-Tozzetti and Guido Menasci (1894), but this was a failure, taken off the stage after just two performances.
Giordano then moved to Milan and returned to verismo with his best-known work, Andrea Chénier (1896), based on the life of the French poet André Chénier. Fedora (1898), based on Victorien Sardou's play, featured the rising young tenor Enrico Caruso. It was also a success and is still performed today. His later works are much less known, but occasionally revived and in the case of La cena delle beffe (based on the play of the same title by Sem Benelli) recognised by musicologists and critics with some respect. He died in Milan at the age of 81.
The most important theater in his home town of Foggia has been dedicated to Umberto Giordano. A square in Foggia is also named after him and contains several statues representing his most famous works.

## Operas

* Marina (1888)
* Mala vita (21 February 1892, Teatro Argentina, Rome)
* Regina Diaz (5 March 1894, Teatro Mercadante, Naples)
* Andrea Chénier (28 March 1896, Teatro alla Scala, Milan)
* Fedora (17 November 1898, Teatro Lirico, Milan)
* Il Voto (revision of Mala Vita) (6 September 1902, Teatro Bellini, Naples)
* Siberia (19 December 1903, Teatro alla Scala, Milan, rev. 1927)
* Marcella (9 November 1907, Teatro Lirico, Milan)
* Mese mariano (17 March 1910, Teatro Massimo, Palermo)
* Madame Sans-Gêne (25 January 1915, Metropolitan Opera, New York)
* Giove a Pompei (6 July 1921, Teatro La Pariola, Rome)
* La cena delle beffe (20 December 1924, Teatro alla Scala, Milan)
* Il re (12 January 1929, Teatro alla Scala, Milan)
* La festa del Nilo (incomplete)
# Qarah Chanaq, Ardabil

Qarah Chanaq (Persian: قره چناق, also Romanized as Qarah Chanāq) is a village in Vilkij-e Markazi Rural District, Vilkij District, Namin County, Ardabil Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 366, in 87 families.
# Simone Mikeladze

Prince Simone Mikeladze (Georgian: სიმონ მიქელაძე) was born into a Georgian noble family known from at least the 14th century, and claiming descent from the Bagratids of Taron. The senior, and the princely, line of the Mikeladze flourished in Imereti (western Georgia).

## Background

The Mikeladze family was constantly involved in the civil wars that plagued Imereti (western Georgia) from the 15th century into the 19th. After the Russian conquest of Imereti in 1810, the family was integrated into the Russian nobility and confirmed as a princely house (knyaz) in 1850.
Many in the Mikeladze family made careers in Russia while others immigrated to other parts of the world after the Russian revolution. The family has produced several military officers, intellectuals, musicians and notables in other professions.

## Progeny

Prince Simone Mikeladze had six children:
* Konstantin Mikeladze (1895–1927)
* Grigor Mikeladze (1898–1955)
* Evgeni Mikeladze (1903–1937)
* Keto Mikeladze (1905–1956)
* Tamara Mikeladze
* Anastasia Mikeladze
# Chorsu, Vahdat

Chorsu (Tajik: Чорсӯ, Persian: چهارسو) is a jamoat in Tajikistan. It is part of the city of Vahdat in Districts of Republican Subordination. The jamoat has a total population of 3,913 (2015).
# Walter Perry (baseball)

Walter Perry (July 6, 1915 – March 1980) was an American Negro league catcher in the 1940s.
A native of Oakland, Florida, Perry played for the Homestead Grays in 1940. He died in his hometown of Oakland in 1980 at age 64.
# HyperTransport Consortium

The HyperTransport Consortium is an industry consortium responsible for specifying and promoting the computer bus technology called HyperTransport.

## Organizational form

The Technical Working Group along with several Task Forces manage the HyperTransport specification and drive new developments. A Marketing Working Group promotes the use of the technology and the consortium.

## History

It was founded in 2001 by Advanced Micro Devices, Alliance Semiconductor, Apple Computer, Broadcom Corporation, Cisco Systems, NVIDIA, PMC-Sierra, Sun Microsystems, and Transmeta. As of 2009 it has over 50 members.

## Executives

As of 2009, Mike Uhler of AMD is the President of the Consortium, Mario Cavalli is the General Manager, Brian Holden of PMC-Sierra is both the Vice President and the Chair of the Technical Working Group, Deepika Sarai is the Treasurer.
# Pamyat Kommunarov

Pamyat Kommunarov (Russian: Память Коммунаров) is a rural locality (a settlement) in Maysky Selsoviet, Romanovsky District, Altai Krai, Russia. The population was 27 as of 2013. There is 1 street.

## Geography

Pamyat Kommunarov is located 17 km north of Romanovo (the district's administrative centre) by road. Maysky is the nearest rural locality.
# Valilu

Valilu (Persian: وليلو, also Romanized as Valīlū; also known as Vali and Valli) is a village in Bedevostan-e Gharbi Rural District, Khvajeh District, Heris County, East Azerbaijan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 399, in 96 families.
# The Collegian (film)

The Collegian (Burmese: ကောလိပ်ဂျင်) is a 1959 Burmese black-and-white drama film, directed by Chin Sein starring Collegian Ne Win and Myint Myint Khin.

## Cast

* Collegian Ne Win as Ko Thein Pe
* Myint Myint Khin as Ma Aye Sein
# Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency

The Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency (NISRA, Irish: Gníomhaireacht Thuaisceart Éireann um Staitisticí agus Taighde) is an executive agency within the Department of Finance in Northern Ireland. The organisation is responsible for the collection and publication of statistics related to the economy, population and society of Northern Ireland. It is responsible for conducting the decennial census, with the last Census in Northern Ireland held on 21 March 2021, and incorporates the General Register Office (GRO) for Northern Ireland which is responsible for the registration of births, marriages, civil partnerships and deaths.

## Statistics Advisory Committee

In 1988, Statistics Advisory Committee was set up as a non-departmental public body to the Department of Finance to advise on matters relating to the collection and disclosure of statistical information from businesses.Northern Ireland) Order 1988.
# Than Myint Aung

Than Myint Aung (Burmese: သန်းမြင့်အောင်; born c. 1954) is a Burmese philanthropist and writer, known for her novels and short stories on societal issues.
In 2001, she co-founded the Free Funeral Service Society, a nonprofit that offers free funeral services for poor families. In 2005, she established the Thuka Yeikmyon orphanage for children with HIV in Yangon. In 2010, she established Twilight Villa, a retirement home for impoverished elderly in Yangon's East Dagon Township. In 2013, she opened a second orphanage for children with HIV in Mandalay. In June 2014, she was awarded the Citizen of Burma award for her philanthropic work.
In June 2016, she was appointed to the Yangon City Development Committee.
In the aftermath of the 2021 Myanmar coup d'état, she was arrested by the military regime. On the 4th of January 2023, which happened to be the Independence Day of Myanmar, she was granted her release.
# John Thomson (composer)

John Thomson (28 October 1805 – 18 May 1841) was a Scottish classical composer. He was born in Sprouston, Roxburghshire, the son of Andrew Mitchell Thomson, the minister of Sprouston Church.

## Life and career

Thomson studied in Germany with a letter of introduction to the Mendelssohn family, and his Drei Lieder were published in Leipzig in 1838. John Purser contends that we have to look to Schumann to find anything comparable to these songs published two years before Schumann composed any songs in his mature style. The first song, Keiner von den Schönheit Töchtern, is based on the poem There be none of beauty's daughters by Byron, set in German by Thomson to match the other songs.
Thomson became the first Reid Professor of Music at the University of Edinburgh in 1838. As a musicologist he edited the Vocal Melodies of Scotland, and he was one of the first conductors to provide his audience with a programme of his concerts giving a critical analysis of the works to be performed. His other compositions included a fine bagatelle for solo piano, a six-part Glee With Whispering Winds, three operas, a flute concerto and a flute quartet, and concert arias. However his career was cut short by his death in 1841.
Among Thompson's compositions admired by his younger contemporary Felix Mendelssohn when they met in Edinburgh in the summer of 1829 was a G minor piano trio of 1826, in which stormy and sometimes fierce passages are mixed with Schubertian warmth. Another favourite of Mendelssohn's was his lively rondo of 1828. They became friends and Fanny Mendelssohn is cited as saying that she liked Thomson "best of all the Britons I know". Thomson's C major trio is described as a fine work.
Subsequently, his work was little performed, but it was featured in John Purser's Scotland's Music series, and a group of people in Kelso organised a bicentennial festival in 2005. Scores of some of John Thomson's compositions are available on the website of the International Music Score Library Project.
# Volchya

The Volchya (Finnish: Saijanjoki (Saejoki, Sadejoki, Suenjoki, Sudenjoki); Russian: Волчья) is a tributary of the Vuoksi on the Karelian Isthmus (Leningrad Oblast, Russia) 0.25 to 12 kilometres (0.16 to 7.46 mi) west of the Saint Petersburg-Hiitola railroad (along the section between the stations Vaskelovo and Losevo) and flowing northwards from the Lembolovo Heights. It is 50 kilometres (31 mi) long, and has a drainage basin of 460 square kilometres (180 sq mi). Its major tributaries are in turn the Smorodinka (right, Finnish: Tungelmanjoki; Russian: Смородинка), the Belaya (left, Finnish: Valkjoki; Russian: Белая), the Goryunets (left, Russian: Горюнец) and the Petrovka (right, Finnish: Petäjoki, Petojoki, Peto-oja; Russian: Петровка). The Volchya River's width is about 10 metres (33 ft) in the lower reaches, where it flows in a narrow valley, with meanders and oxbow lakes. The Volchya is shallow and unavailable for navigation (except for canoeing in some places)
The river is crossed by the Sosnovo (Finnish: Rautu) – Pervomayskoye (Finnish: Kivennapa) road on Lembolovo Heights, Sosnovo – Borisovo (Finnish: Nurmijärvi) – Michurinskoye (Finnish: Valkjärvi) road at Razdolye (Finnish: Mäkrälä) and by the Losevo (Finnish: Kiviniemi) – Yagodnoye (Finnish: Vaalimo) road at the lower portion of the river.
Since 1928 there is a little hydroelectric plant on the river not far from Petäjärvi (now Petrovskoye), which was the largest private hydroelectric facility in pre-Winter War Finland (owned by Leonard Sääksjärvi).
The entire river was a boundary between the Kingdom of Sweden and Novgorod Republic as defined in 1323 in the Treaty of Nöteborg. The higher reaches of the Saijanjoki (Volchya) to the south of the Tungelmanjoki (Smorodinka) and the Tungelmanjoki itself constituted part of the Russia-Finland border in 1811–1940. Now that stretch of the Volchya River divides Priozersky and Vyborgsky District from Vsevolozhsky District, while the Smorodinka marks another part of the boundary between Priozersky District and Vsevolozhsky District.
The river was renamed from the Saijanjoki to the Volchya (lit. Wolf River) in 1948, just like the vast majority of other Finnish hydronyms and toponyms on the territories ceded by Finland to the Soviet Union as a result of the Continuation War.
# Engilchek Glacier

Engilchek Glacier (Kyrgyz: Эңилчек, Russian: Энильчек - Enilchek, also Иныльчек - Inylchek) is a glacier in the Central Tian Shan Mountains of Issyk-Kul Region, northeastern Kyrgyzstan. Its snout is 50 km east of the village of Engilchek. The South Engilchek Glacier ranks as the sixth longest non-polar glacier in the world and is the largest and fastest moving glacier in Kyrgyzstan. The main glacier has two arms, the North and South Engilchek Glaciers. The latter is longer and provides an overall length of 60.5 kilometres (38 mi). with an area of 17.2 square kilometres (7 sq mi) and an ice thickness of roughly 150–200 m in the bottom parts. The glacier stems from the Chinese-Kazakh-Kyrgyz massif of Khan Tengri and Pik Pobedy and the upper part of the glacier falls in all three countries. Meltwater from the glacier feeds the Engilchek River, a tributary of the Saryjaz (known as Aksu in China), which crosses the Chinese border into the Tarim Basin. Water from this glacier also feeds the seasonal glacial Lake Merzbacher which causes frequent glacial lake outburst floods in the Engilchek River valley.
# Marta Dhanis

Marta Dhanis (born 14 October in Lisbon, Portugal) is a Portuguese journalist and author. She currently works for Fox News Channel and was previously TVI’s, Portugal's leading news channel, U.S. correspondent.
Dhanis has covered major news events such as Presidential elections, the Death of Osama Bin Laden, the Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting, and the terror attacks in Boston, New York and Barcelona.
Dhanis also teaches and has published an investigative journalism book about the high-profile murder case of Carlos Castro and trial of Renato Seabra in New York City.
# William Prim

William Prim (October 30, 1882 – May 4, 1930), nicknamed "Shinny", was an American Negro league catcher between 1907 and 1909.
A native of Indianapolis, Indiana, Prim made his Negro leagues debut in 1907 with the Indianapolis ABCs. He went on to play for the Leland Giants and Cuban Giants through 1909. Prim died in Indianapolis in 1930 at age 47.
# Herlen Ragland

Herlen Ragland (February 2, 1896 – August 12, 1960) was an American Negro league pitcher in the 1920s.
A native of Buffalo Valley, Tennessee, Ragland made his Negro leagues debut in 1920 with the Dayton Marcos and Indianapolis ABCs. The following season, he played for the Columbus Buckeyes during the team's only season in the Negro National League. Ragland died in Kansas City, Missouri in 1960 at age 64. He is also listed in some sources as "Clifton Ragland."
# Kyz kuu

Kyz kuu (Azerbaijani: qız-qov; Kazakh: qyz quu; Kyrgyz: kyz kuumai; lit. 'girl-chasing') is an equestrian traditional sport among Turkic peoples such as Azerbaijanis, Kazakhs and Kyrgyz. It exhibits elements of horse racing but is often referred to as a "kissing game".
A young man on horseback waits at a starting line. A young woman, also mounted, starts her horse galloping from a given distance behind the young man. When the young woman passes the young man, he may start his horse galloping. The two race towards a finish line some distance ahead. If the young man is able to catch up to the young woman before they reach the finish line, he may reach out to her and steal a kiss, which constitutes victory. However, if the young man has not caught up to the young woman by the time they reach the finish line, the young woman turns around and chases the young man back to the starting line. If she is in range of the young man, she may use her whip to beat him, which signifies a victory for her.
# Khyati

Khyati (Sanskrit: ख्याति, romanized: Khyāti, lit. 'fame') is one of the 24 daughters of Daksha, born to his wife Prasuti. Her father is regarded to have another 62 from his wife Panchajani (Virini). One of his daughters is called Khyati, who is married to the sage Bhrigu. Khyati bears her husband two sons, Dhata and Vidhata, as well as a daughter, Bhargavi.
# Črni Kal Viaduct

The Črni Kal Viaduct (Slovene: Viadukt Črni Kal) is the longest and the highest viaduct in Slovenia. It is located on the A1 motorway above the Osp Valley near the village of Gabrovica, about 20 kilometres (12 mi) east of Koper. It is named after the village of Črni Kal. The viaduct is 1,065 metres (3,494 ft) long and is mounted on 11 Y-shaped columns (its distinguishing feature), the highest reaching 87.5 m (287 ft).
The viaduct was designed by Janez Koželj and Marjan Pipenbaher, who was also its constructor. The construction work began in 2001 and the viaduct was opened for traffic on 23 September 2004. When almost completed in May 2004, it served as a stage of the Giro d'Italia race.
# Customs Operational Battle Force Response Assault

Customs Operational Battle Force Response Assault (Malay: Pasukan Tempur Operasi Medan Jabatan Kastam, Jawi:ڤاسوكن تمڤور اوڤراسي ميدن جابتن كستم), commonly abbreviated COBRA, is an elite counter terrorism and armed tactical unit of the Royal Malaysian Customs.

## History

As the response of the threats such as intimidation, obstacles, and harassment by touts while on duty, the COBRA team was established to protect the customs raiding team from all kinds of threats and busting a high-profile threats. Formed on 28 November 2016, a strength of 23 custom officers as the first batch of armed tactical team, underwent training at the General Operations Force Training Centre in Ulu Kinta, Perak in two months, started from 18 July and ended at 16 August.

## Equipment

Just like other special ops unit, COBRA team equipped with tactical uniform, equipments and firearms, in addition to moving in a small group depending on the risk level of a case. In addition to an extensive fleet, COBRA members are armed with the following weapons：
* Glock 34 pistol
* Benelli M4 Super 90 shotgun
* CZ Scorpion Evo 3 sub-machine gun
* Heckler & Koch MP5A5 sub-machine gun
* Colt M4A1 assault rifle
To increase the mobility, COBRA utilises the new Isuzu D-Max 3.0 four-wheel drives with upgraded accessories, such as a bull bar and dashboard video camera for use as fast response vehicle and crush down the armed smugglers.

## Operations

* 19 December 2017 - Combined KLIA Custom Enforcement Division and the COBRA tactical unit busted an attempt to smuggle 20.4 tonnes of firecrackers and fireworks with raided three stores, located at Batu Arang in Rawang and seized the consignment valued at RM825,714, which included unpaid taxes. Also, the team seized 1,225 litres of liquor from various countries value of RM17,133.60, with unpaid taxes of RM70,697.05.
* 16 Jun 2017 - The Customs seized a various types of drugs worth about RM150,000 after detaining two individuals in Petaling Jaya, Selangor. During the operation on 10 June, the Custom narcotics team with assisted by the COBRA team detained a man and a woman in a condominium.
# Itapecerica

Itapecerica (Portuguese pronunciation:,) is a municipality located in the center of the Brazilian state of Minas Gerais. The population is 21,761 (2020 est.) in an area of 1041 km². The city belongs to the meso-region of Oeste de Minas and to the micro-region of Formiga. It was founded in 1789.

## History

Candindé, an extinct Jê language, was once spoken in the Itapecerica Valley.

## Geography

The city center of Itapecerica is located at an elevation of 825 meters east of Formiga and southeast of Divinópolis. Neighboring municipalities are: Divinópolis (N), Cláudio (E), Camacho (S), Oliveira (SE), and Formiga (W).
Distances to other cities
* Belo Horizonte/MG - 180 km
* Formiga/MG - 62 km
* Camacho/MG - 22 km
* Divinópolis/MG - 55 km

## Economic activities

Services, mining, and industry are the most important economic activities. There are large deposits of graphite in the region, which is used in making pencils. In 2005 there were 25 extractive industries (mining) employing 404 persons and 89 transformation industries employing 628 persons. The GDP in 2005 was approximately R$121 million, 9 million reais from taxes, 67 million reais from services, 24 million reais from industry, and 19 million reais from agriculture. There were 1,203 rural producers on 86,000 hectares of land (2006). 127 farms had tractors (2006). Approximately 2,500 persons were involved in agriculture. The main crops are coffee, sugarcane, and corn. There were 41,000 head of cattle (2006), a large percentage of which were dairy cattle. Poultry raising was also important.
There were 4 banks (2007). The motor vehicle fleet had 2,525 automobiles, 258 trucks, 196 pickup trucks, and 1,155 motorcycles (2007).

## Health and education

In the health sector there were 11 public health clinics and 1 hospital with 59 beds (2005). Patients with more serious health conditions are transported to Formiga or Divinópolis. Educational needs of 4,600 students were met by 19 primary schools, 6 middle schools, and 4 pre-primary schools.
* Municipal Human Development Index: 0.763 (2000)
* State ranking: 200 out of 853 municipalities in 2000
* National ranking: 1514 out of 5,138 municipalities in 2000
* Literacy rate: 85%
* Life expectancy: 72 (average of males and females)
In 2000 the per capita monthly income of R$223.00 was well below the state and national average of R$276.00 and R$297.00 respectively. Poços de Caldas had the highest per capita monthly income in 2000 with R$435.00. The lowest was Setubinha with R$73.00.
The highest ranking municipality in Minas Gerais in 2000 was Poços de Caldas with 0.841, while the lowest was Setubinha with 0.568. Nationally the highest was São Caetano do Sul in São Paulo with 0.919, while the lowest was Setubinha. In more recent statistics (considering 5,507 municipalities) Manari in the state of Pernambuco has the lowest rating in the country—0,467—putting it in last place.
# Philipp Hoffmann (footballer)

Philipp Hoffmann (born 19 June 1992) is a German professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for FC 08 Homburg.

## Career

Born in Blaubach, Hoffmann came through 1. FC Saarbrücken's youth system, and made his debut for the club in a 4–2 3. Liga defeat to Arminia Bielefeld in March 2012, as a substitute for Moustapha Salifou. He made no appearances during the 2012–13 season, but became a first-team regular the following year, his performances being one of the few positives in a poor season which saw Saarbrücken relegated to the Regionalliga West.
Hoffmann stayed in the 3. Liga, however, signing for SC Preußen Münster at the end of the season. He had a total of 161 appearances for Preußen Münster, scoring 15 goals and with 21 assists. He was signed to FC 08 Homburg on August 14, 2020.
In May 2024, FC 08 Homburg announced that Hoffmann would be leaving the club when his contract expires at the end of the summer to avoid risk of further injury.
# Philipp Kreuels

Philipp Kreuels (born 11 January 1985) is a German former professional footballer who played in the 3. Liga for SV Babelsberg 03 and 1. FC Saarbrücken.