OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Trachydora

Trachydora is a genus of moths in the family Cosmopterigidae.

## Species

* Trachydora acrocyrta (Turner, 1923)
* Trachydora acromianta (Turner, 1923)
* Trachydora actinia Meyrick, 1897
* Trachydora anthrascopa Lower, 1904
* Trachydora aphrocoma Meyrick, 1897
* Trachydora argoneura Lower, 1904
* Trachydora astragalota Meyrick, 1897
* Trachydora capnopa (Lower, 1894)
* Trachydora centromela Lower, 1904
* Trachydora chalybanthes Meyrick, 1897
* Trachydora chlorozona Meyrick, 1897
* Trachydora chrysodoxa Meyrick, 1915
* Trachydora corysta Meyrick, 1897
* Trachydora dionysias Meyrick, 1921
* Trachydora droserodes Meyrick, 1897
* Trachydora fumea (Turner, 1923)
* Trachydora heliodora (Lower, 1894)
* Trachydora heliotricha (Lower, 1894)
* Trachydora illustris Meyrick, 1897
* Trachydora iridoptila Meyrick, 1921
* Trachydora leucobathra Lower, 1904
* Trachydora leucura Meyrick, 1897
* Trachydora macrostola (Turner, 1923)
* Trachydora microleuca Lower, 1904
* Trachydora molybdimera Lower, 1904
* Trachydora musaea Meyrick, 1897
* Trachydora nomodoxa Meyrick, 1897
* Trachydora oxypeuces Turner, 1939
* Trachydora oxyzona Meyrick, 1897
* Trachydora peroneta Meyrick, 1897
* Trachydora placophanes Meyrick, 1897
* Trachydora polyzona Lower, 1904
* Trachydora porphyrescens (Lower, 1894)
* Trachydora psammodes Meyrick, 1897
* Trachydora pygaea (Turner, 1923)
* Trachydora stephanopa Meyrick, 1897
* Trachydora tephronota (Turner, 1923)
* Trachydora thyrsophora Meyrick, 1897
* Trachydora zophopepla Lower, 1904
# Masinagudi

Masinagudi is a village in the Nilgiris District of the state of Tamil Nadu in India. It is located 30 km (19 mi) from the district headquarters at Ooty. It is in the buffer zone of the Mudumalai National Park. Masinagudi has several schools and other amenities and a number of resorts.

## Geography

Masinagudi is a village on the Sigur Plateau. It is located on MDR700 between Ooty and Theppakadu in the Nilgiris district of Tamil Nadu, India. It is 30 km (19 mi) from Ooty. The village is in the buffer zone of the Mudumalai Tiger Reserve, just outside the Mudumalai National Park. The total area of Masinagudi is 134.09 km$^2$ (51.77 sq mi), of which 114.15 km$^2$ (44.07 sq mi) or 85% is forested.$^{:116,124}$

### Climate

Situated at an elevation of 950 m (3,120 ft),Masinagudi is the land of people belonging to the Irula tribe and the appellation is derived from Manasi Amman, which is a manifestation of Maa Sakti. Masinagudi has a tropical climate. When compared with winter, the summers have much more rainfall. This location is classified as Aw by Köppen and Geiger. In Masinagudi, the average annual temperature is 22 °C. In a year, the rainfall is 1514 mm.

## Demographics

The population as of the 2011 Census was 8,783 with 2,393 households. The gender ratio was 1,021 females per 1,000 males.$^{:88}$ The percentages of Scheduled Castes is 25.9% and of Scheduled Tribes is 20.5%. The literacy rate is 67.9%, with males at 74.1% and females 61.9%.$^{:88,89}$

## Amenities

Masinagudi is governed by a Gram Panchayat.$^{:138}$ It has a number of schools. As of 2011, there were 8 pre-primary schools, 5 primary schools, 3 middle and secondary schools, and 1 senior secondary school.$^{:116}$ There was a primary health centre (PHC), dispensary and veterinary hospital.$^{:117}$ Masinagudi and 10 surrounding sub-villages are served by the India Posts Sub Post Office, Masinagudi with PIN code 643223.
# Trajan Square, Timișoara

Trajan Square (Romanian: Piața Traian) is a square in the center of the historic district Fabric in Timișoara. It was designed by military engineers in the 1740s and is a smaller replica of the Union Square.

## History

In 1734 there were only the trails of the present-day Dacians' and Stephen the Great streets, which were not yet bordered by buildings. The current square was drawn in 1744 in its original shape as a rectangular square of about 115 × 70 m. It was the center of the Orthodox district Rascian Fabric.
Until late 18th century, Trajan Square had fronts made up of isolated houses with only a ground floor, with a rural aspect, probably many of these houses being made of beaten clay. It was not until the 19th century that continuous fronts were built both in the square and along the adjacent streets. One-storey buildings also appeared in the 19th century; Trajan Square thus acquires an urban character. If during mid-19th century there were only houses with a ground floor or one floor, towards the end of the century there were also two-storey houses. Around the 1900s, the buildings that dominate the square today are built: the House of the Serbian Community (built in 1895), the House of Countess Mirbach (built in 1905), the Mercury House (also known as Béla Fiatska House, built in 1909) and the Municipality Tenement House (named after 1918 Ștefania Palace, built in 1910). From an architectural point of view, the House of the Serbian Community belongs to the eclectic/historicist style typical for the second half of the 19th century, and all the other buildings to different currents of the Art Nouveau style. Two public monuments are also located in Trajan Square: the obelisk or pyramid with a cross, erected in 1774 by the Timișoara high official Stojša Spasojević, and the stone bell, the work of the sculptor Ștefan Călărășanu, erected in honor of the 1989 Revolution.
During the Austrian Empire, Trajan Square was called Hauptplatz. As a result of the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867, this name was translated into Hungarian: Fő tér. From the mid-1890s the square was named after the Hungarian national hero Lajos Kossuth, who died in 1894. It got its current name after the partition of Banat in 1919.
# Fortune jack

The fortune jack (Seriola peruana), also known as the darkfin amberjack, is a species of ray-finned fish from the family Carangidae. It is found in the eastern Pacific from Mexico to Ecuador and on the Galapagos Islands. It is a benthopelagic and demersal fish of coastal areas, including areas of rocky reefs to 30 metres (98 ft). This species was formally described by the Austrian ichthyologist Franz Steindachner (1834-1919) in 1881 with the type locality given as Callao in Peru.
# Abed Hossain Khan

Ustad Abed Hossain Khan (1 April 1929 – 29 April 1996) was a Bangladeshi musician, music composer and music director. He was awarded Ekushey Padak in 1985 by the government of Bangladesh.

## Career

Khan took sitar lessons from his father, Ustad Ayet Ali Khan. In 1950, after completing BA, he joined the Dhaka Station of Radio Pakistan as a staff artist.
Khan was a music teacher in Bangladesh Shilpakala Academy. He performed the sitar and the sarod on Bangladesh Radio and Bangladesh Television regularly.
Khan performed with German musicians Phillip Karl Schaeffer and Michael Grube.
# Ibn Fahad al-Hilli

Allamah Sheikh Ahmed bin Muhammad bin Fahad al-Hilli al-Asadi (Arabic: العلامة أحمد بن محمد بن فهد الحلي الأسدي; 1355–1438), famously known as Ibn Fahad al-Hilli (Arabic: ابن فهد الحلي), was an eminent Iraqi Shia jurist and religious authority.
He was known for his works on religious ethics, supplications and spirituality.

## Early life and education

The whereabouts of his birthplace are unknown. He lived for a while in Hillah, which was one of the first center of Shi'a scholars such as ibn Fahd. He studied at the Zaynabiyah school, and was taught by the students of Fakhr al-Muhaqiqeen and al-Shaheed al-Awwal.
Agha Bozorg al-Tehrani believes that he was among the students of al-Shaheed al-Awwal. Al-Hilli received his ijaza in 1421, from the son of al-Shaheed al-Awwal when he visited Jabal Amel, and Jezzine. After that, he moved to Karbala, and found its religious seminary. His move played an important role in establishing Karbala, as the religious Shia kernel at the time.

## Impact on the Qara Qoyunlu state

In 1436, Ispend bin Yusuf, the ruler of Baghdad, invited al-Hilli, so that he may debate his faith with Sunni scholars. In the debate, al-Hilli and his consortium of Shia scholars, debated with the Sunnis and were able to beat them, and convince Ispend to convert to Shi'ism. Through his move, Ispend declared Shi'a Islam as the official religion of his state and struck coins with the names of the twelve Imams.

## Works

He wrote books on different aspects of Islamic sciences such as mysticism, jurisprudence, tradition and other religious spheres. Some of them include:
* Al Awiyah va Al Fatum
* Istekhraj Al Havadeth (predicting some events, such as appearance of Safavid dynasty and Mongol's Attack by Ali ibn Abi Talib
* The Mysteries of Praying
* Tahsin fi Sefat al Arefin
* Iddat Al Daei

## Death and shrine

He died in Karbala, and was buried in his home. Over time, a shrine was erected over his tomb. The ground floor of his home became a mosque, and an inn for the pilgrims of Karbala. The upper levels became a religious seminary, known as the Ibin Fahad school. In 1939, a library was built in the shrine, and was named the Rasool al-Adham library. In the 1964, Sayyid Muhammad al-Shirazi and his brother, Sayyid Hassan al-Shirazi strived to renovate the seminary, and managed to do so by gathering donations from some of the notables of Karbala, and this was all done under the supervision of the supreme religious authority of the time, Sayyid Muhsin al-Hakim.
His shrine lies on the Qibla street, approximately 500 metres from the Imam Husayn shrine. After the US invasion of Iraq, the Shiite Endowment Office appointed Aref Nasrallah as the commissioner of the shrine and seminary.
# Peschanoye, Topchikhinsky District, Altai Krai

Peschanoye (Russian: Песчаное) is a rural locality (a selo) in Parfyonovsky Selsoviet, Topchikhinsky District, Altai Krai, Russia. The population was 340 as of 2013. There are 5 streets.

## Geography

Peschanoye is located on the Ob Plateau, close to the Peschanoye Lake, 46 km west of Topchikha (the district's administrative centre) by road. Parfyonovo is the nearest rural locality.
# Quri Chay

38°04′36″N 46°18′36″E﻿ / ﻿38.07667°N 46.31000°E﻿ / 38.07667; 46.31000
The Quri River or Quru Chay or Quri Chay (Persian: قورو چای; Azerbaijani: Quru Çay قورو چای) is a river in East Azerbaijan province of Iran, in the endorheic basin of Lake Urmia. It originates in the mountains south of Tabriz and joins the Aji Chay just northeast of central Tabriz. Divided by the Quri, the northern and southern parts of Tabriz are connected by several bridges.
The river is limited by two flood control walls and two southern and northern parkways calls Chaykenar Parkway, which almost bisect Tabriz through the middle to northern and southern half. The Chaykenar Parkways connect the most eastern and western parts of the city.
The name "Quri Chay" means "dry river", and at the end of the 20th century the water, when present, was polluted and undrinkable.
* Qari Bridge over Quri Chay
* Pole-Sanghi over Quri River
* Chay Kenar highway at night
# Transport Workers' Union (Netherlands)

The Transport Workers' Union (Dutch: Vervoersbond, VB) was a trade union representing workers in the transport industry in the Netherlands.
The union was founded in 1981, with the merger of the Transport Workers' Union NVV and the Transport Workers' Union NKV. These unions had previously been affiliated to the Dutch Confederation of Trade Unions (NVV) and Dutch Catholic Trade Union Federation (NKV), respectively, but the two federations were in the process of merging to form the Dutch Federation of Trade Unions (FNV), to which the new union affiliated.
By 1997, the union had 79,617 members, of whom 17% worked on the railways. In 1998, the union merged with the Food Workers' Union, the Industrial Workers' Union, and the Services Union, to form the Allied Union.

## Presidents

    1981: J. M. Schoonens
    1988: Ruud Vreeman
    1992: Wouter Waleson
# Ashaghy caravanserai

Ashaghy caravanserai or Lower Caravanserai (Azerbaijani: Aşağı karvansara) is a historical monument of the 17th century located in Azerbaijan, in the city of Sheki.
The caravanserai is placed on a difficult terrain (the fast-flowing river Gurjanachay flows next to the caravanserai) and has the shape of a trapezoid. The total area of the building is about 8000 m$^2$. It has a capacity of about 242 rooms.
The caravanserai has entrance gates on four sides. When the gates were closed, the caravanserai turned into an inaccessible fortress. The Ashaghy Caravanserai, like the Upper Caravanserai, has preserved the traits inherent in the caravanserais of the East.
The Lower and the Upper caravanserais, were built by local craftsmen, and in terms of their planning structure, large size and convenience for trade, are the largest ones recorded on the territory of Transcaucasia.
# Saruhan, Kızıltepe

Saruhan (Kurdish: Sarûxan) is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Kızıltepe, Mardin Province in Turkey. The village is populated by Kurds of the Kîkan tribe and had a population of 46 in 2021.
# Alan, Şemdinli

Alan (Kurdish: Helane; Syriac: Hālānā) is a village in the Şemdinli District of Hakkâri Province in southeastern Turkey. The population of the village was 432 in 2023. It is populated by the Kurdish Zerzan tribe who have close links to their counterparts in Iran.
The hamlet of Cevizpınar (Kanîgûz) is attached to the village.

## History

Hālānā (today called Alan) was inhabited by 100 Assyrian families in 1877 when visited by Edward Lewes Cutts, all of whom were adherents of the Church of the East and were served by two functioning churches as part of the archdiocese of Shemsdin. It was destroyed by the Ottoman Army in 1915 amidst the Sayfo.

## Geography

The Fritillaria imperialis plant grows in the village.

## Population

Population history from 2007 to 2023:
# Kama-yari

The kama-yari (鎌槍, 'sickle spear') is essentially a yari with horizontal kama (blade) at the base of the vertical blade to assist in grappling an opponent. Generally, the transverse blade, or hook, is large enough to hold the head, neck, or jaw or to grapple with the limbs of an opponent. It is different in function from other types of yari. The kama-yari was often used to hook horsemen and dismount them.
Historically, it also had a non-military use, in which it was employed by firefighters to pull down the roofs of burning buildings to slow a fire, much the same way modern firefighters use a pike pole.
The kama-yari is believed to have been developed by Kakuzenbo Hoin In’ei, who wanted to improve upon the naginata used by Buddhist priests at the time.
# Beyt-e Fazieh

Beyt-e Fazieh (Persian: بيت فزيه, also Romanized as Beyt-e Fazīeh) is a village in Dasht-e Abbas Rural District, Musian District, Dehloran County, Ilam Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 114, in 21 families. The village is populated by Arabs.
# Doğanyurt, Hakkâri

Doğanyurt (Kurdish: Pîran) is a village in the central district of Hakkâri Province in Turkey. The village is populated by Kurds of the Pinyanişî tribe and had a population of 357 in 2023.
The four hamlets of Akdiken, Boğazlı (Gurgava), Gültepe (Gulê) and Soğucak (Feqî Balyan) and Yenihan are attached to Doğanyurt.

## Population

Population history from 1997 to 2023:
# McLaren Transport Ltd v Somerville

McLaren Transport Ltd v Somerville [1996] 3 NZLR 424 is a cited case in New Zealand regarding the awarding of exemplary damages.

## Background

Somerville took a hay conditioner to McLaren transport to get a tyre changed. McLaren's employee Stumbles undertook to change the tyre, although he had little training in changing tyres. As Stumbles was unable to find a 15-inch tyre in stock, he then proceeded to try an fit a 15 1/2 inch tyre instead. After 3 attempts at inflating the incorrect sized tyre, it finally exploded, injuring Somerville whom was assisting Stumbles with the tyre.
As Somerville was legally barred from suing McLaren for damages for his injury due to Accident Compensation law, he sued instead for exemplary damages, with the District Court awarding $15,000.
McLaren appealed.

## Held

The Court ruled that the award for damages was justified.
# Anatoly Tarabrin

Anatoly Petrovich Tarabrin (Russian: Анатолий Пётрович Тарабрин, 28 June 1935 – 11 February 2008) was a Russian rower who competed for the Soviet Union in the 1960 Summer Olympics.
He was born in Smolensk. He was a crew member of the 1960 Summer Olympics Soviet boat that won the bronze medal in the coxless four event. At the 1961 European Rowing Championships, he won silver with the coxless four in Prague. He died in Saint Petersburg, Russia, on 11 February 2008.
# Alyosha (song)

Alyosha (Russian: Алёша) is a Soviet-era Russian song by composer Eduard Kolmanovsky and poet Konstantin Vanshenkin. The subject is the Alyosha Monument, the common local name for the 11-metre (36-foot) statue of a World War II Soviet soldier which stands in the Bulgarian city of Plovdiv as a monument to all Soviet soldiers who died during the fighting in Bulgaria.

## Creation of the song

In 1962, Eduard Kolmanovsky visited Bulgaria, including in the city of Plovdiv where the Alyosha monument stands, where he learned the story of its origin. Kolmanovsky later shared his notes with poet Konstantin Vanshenkin, who was inspired by the topic and soon wrote a poem.
Kolmanovsky then composed music for the verses. The mournful feeling of the song is achieved with the minor mood of the music and by the lyric which employs both slow repetition:
   If there's a new snowfall in the fields Snowfall, snowfall If there's a new snowfall in the fields Or thunder echoes in the rain He stands upon the mountain: Alyosha, Alyosha, Alyosha He stands upon the mountain, Alyosha A Russian soldier in our Motherland
and pathos:
   Since the blizzard of bullets, his tunic is made now of stone ...
   He'll never step down down from his mountain ...
   He cannot give flowers to the women, who give their flowers to him
"Alyosha" was published in 1966 in the Soviet army magazine Sergeant Major/Sergeant (Russian: Старшина-сержант) in the section dedicated to Bulgarian-Soviet friendship. In 1967, the Soviet Alexandrov Ensemble first performed the song at the foot of the monument. It was performed at the 1968 Ninth World Festival of Youth and Students in Sofia. The song immediately became very popular in Bulgaria.
In the Soviet Union, the song became popular in a duet by the Bulgarian singers Margret Nikolova and Georgi Kordov.
Until 1989 "Alyosha" was the official anthem of Plovdiv. Every morning Radio Plovdiv started its broadcasts with this song. It was often played during cultural events conducted by the Bulgarian Communist Party, and all Bulgarian primary school students were required to learn it.
The song has also become identified with the Russian monument Defenders of the Soviet Arctic during the Great Patriotic War in Murmansk which is also nicknamed Alyosha, and with other Soviet monuments.
# Mohyeldin Elzein

MohyEldin Abd El Rahman Elzein, Arabic: محي الدين عبد الرحمن الزين, (June 7, 1943 – August 6, 2007) was the head of Urology and Surgery department in Fujairah Hospital, United Arab Emirates.

## Life and career

Born in Adbara Sudan in 1943, Elzein studied Medicine in University of Khartoum and graduated with honors. His picture and credentials are still displayed in Khartoum University (Medicine). He continued his Education in the United Kingdom and got the Royal Membership of Surgery. He worked El Fasher in the Darfur region for the general hospital for free. He also opened a private clinic to help the people of El Fashir for free. The government and tribal people of El Fashir wanted to show their respect and admiration to the doctor by creating a festival that is being celebrated to this day in the honor of the doctor. By 1985 He left El Fashir and got a job in Al Fujairah, United Arab Emirates. and stayed there. There are many articles, poetry written about Elzein and his contribution to Urology and to the people of Darfur. Elzein Left behind his wife (Sameera Ramadan Hussain), four daughters (Rihab, Abeer, Jawaher, Tasneem) and three sons (Khalid, Mohamed, Salih).
# Ivan Yegorov

Ivan Vasilyevich Yegorov (Russian: Иван Васильевич Егоров) (born 1891; died 1943) was an association football player.

## International career

Yegorov played his only game for Russia on May 4, 1913 in a friendly against Sweden.
# Çaykaya, Baykan

Çaykaya (Kurdish: Malabado) is a village in the Baykan District of Siirt Province in Turkey. The village is populated by Kurds of the Babosî tribe and had a population of 215 in 2021.
The hamlets of Bardaklı, Geçit and Karataş are attached to Çaykaya.
# Ilyas bey Aghalarov

Ilyas bey Allahyar bey oglu Aghalarov (Azerbaijani: İlyas bəy Allahyar bəy oğlu Ağalarov, Russian: Ильяс-бек Аллахьяр-бек оглы Агаларов; 1860 – 1913), was a Russian military officer, and a colonel serving in the Russian Imperial Army.

## Early life

Ilyas bey Aghalarov was born on 7 June 1860, in Yelisavetpol (modern-day Ganja), then part of the Russian Empire. Born into an influential bey family, he received his general education at the 2nd Moscow Military Gymnasium.

## Military service

Aghalarov began his military service in September 1879 as an ordinary cadet at the Pavel Military School. On 8 August 1881, he started serving in the Erivan 13th Grenadier Regiment as a second lieutenant. On 10 May 1883, Aghalarov was transferred to the 3rd Caucasian Sapper Battalion of the Caucasian Sapper Brigade. On 8 August 1885, he was promoted to a lieutenant. From October 1892 to November 1894, Aghalarov commanded a company. He served as a staff captain from 1 August 1894. Four years later, on 1 August 1898, he was promoted to captain.
Aghalarov took part in the Russo-Japanese War. On 26 June 1904, he was promoted to lieutenant colonel with the appointment to the 1st East Siberian Military Telegraph Company of the newly formed East Siberian Telegraph Battalion. Returning from Port Arthur, Aghalarov continued his service in the 2nd Caucasian Combat Engineer Battalion of the 2nd Caucasian Army Corps. He became a colonel in 1911 and received seniority on 6 December 1910.
On 18 March 1913, Ilyas bey Aghalarov died a result of a suddenly exploding shell. He was buried in Elisabethpol, in the courtyard of the Goy Imam Mosque.

## Awards

* Order of Saint Anna 3rd degree. (1893)
* Order of Saint Stanislaus, 2nd degree. (1901)
* Order of Saint Vladimir 4th class with swords and bow. (1906)
* Order of St. Anne 2nd class with swords.
# Luis Antonio Escobar (composer)

Luis Antonio Escobar (July 14, 1925 in Villapinzón, Cundinamarca – September 11, 1993 in Miami, Florida) was a Colombian composer and musicologist. He studied at the Bogota Conservatory and then at the Peabody Institute in Maryland. Afterward he studied in Europe with Boris Blacher. Escobar was the Colombian consul in Bonn, West Germany, from 1967 to 1970 and was cultural attache to the consulate in Miami in 1993. He is survived by his wife, pianist and composer Amparo Ángel.
He was the author, among other works, of Cántica de cantas colombianas (1960), for choir and orchestra, the opera for children La princesa y la arveja (1958), the opera Los hampones (1961), the ballet Avirama (1956) and Epitafio a Jorge Gaitán (1962). Other well known works by Escobar are his Piano Concerti 2 and 3, and Bambuquerías y Preludios.
In 1973 he co-founded El Muro Blanco, a cultural learning center in Bogota, with Andres Holguín. He won the national music prize awarded by Banco de Colombia in 1974. He has been recorded by Colombian ensembles. His work at times incorporated folk and traditional music of Colombia.

## Web sources

* ↑ Gillespie, John (1972-01-01). Five Centuries of Keyboard Music: An Historical Survey of Music for Harpsichord and Piano. Courier Corporation. ISBN 978-0-486-22855-6.
* ↑ Stevenson/Duque. "Luis Antonio Escobar". The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians online.
* ↑ Page, Tim (1982-12-08). "MUSIC: ESCOBAR'S MADRIGALS". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2024-06-19.
* This article on a Colombian composer is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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