OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Vladimír Sommer

Vladimír Sommer (28 February 1921 in Dolní Jiřetín near Most – 8 September 1997 in Prague) was a Czech composer.
Sommer began his studies at the Prague Conservatory, where he studied violin with Bedřich Voldan and composition with Karel Janeček. He then continued his education at the Academy of Arts and Music with Pavel Bořkovec. His first job was a composition teacher, and he eventually became a professor in the Music Department of Charles University. Sommer wrote three symphonies, an overture, one cello concerto and one violin concerto, chamber music, and choral pieces. He died in 1997 in Prague.

## Selected works

* Sonata for two Violins, 1948
* Violin Concerto in G minor, 1950
* Antigone, Overture to the Tragedy of Sophocles, 1957
* Vocal Symphony for Contralto, Speaker, Choir, and Orchestra, 1958
* Prince Bajaja, Orchestral Suite, 1970
* Symphony for Strings, 1977
* Sinfonia da Requiem for Soloists, Choir, and Orchestra, 1978
* Concerto for Violoncello and Orchestra, 1979
* Piano Sonata, 1980
* String Quartet in B minor, 1981
* String Quartet in D minor, 1955
# Prudy

Prudy (Russian: Пруды) is the name of several rural localities in Russia:
* Prudy, Leningrad Oblast, a settlement in Leningrad Oblast
* Prudy, Vladimir Oblast, a village in Vladimir Oblast
* Prudy, name of several other rural localities
# Kokkinia, Grevena

Kokkinia (Greek: Κοκκινιά, before 1927: Σούμπινο – Soumpino) is a village and a community of the Grevena municipality. Before the 2011 local government reform it was a part of the municipality of Irakleotes, of which it was a municipal district. The 2021 census recorded 136 residents in the community. The community of Kokkinia covers an area of 16.28 km$^2$.
Soumpino was a mixed village and a part of its population were Greek speaking Muslim Vallahades. The 1920 Greek census recorded 459 people in the village, and 200 inhabitants (50 families) were Muslim in 1923.
Following the Greek–Turkish population exchange, Greek refugee families in Soumpino were from Asia Minor (10) and Pontus (43) in 1926. The 1928 Greek census recorded 573 village inhabitants. In 1928, the refugee families numbered 52 (185 people). Nea Trapezounta, a neighbourhood of Kokkinia populated by Greek refugees was listed as a separate new village in the 1981 census.

## Administrative division

The community of Kokkinia consists of two separate settlements:
* Kokkinia (population 125 as of 2021)
* Nea Trapezounta (population 11)
# Energetik

Energetik (Russian: Энергетик) is the name of several rural localities in Russia:
* Energetik, Republic of Bashkortostan, a former urban-type settlement in the Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia; since 2004—a rural locality (selo)
* Energetik, Orenburg Oblast, a former urban-type settlement in Orenburg Oblast, Russia; since 1999—a settlement Archived 2012-04-27 at the Wayback Machine
* Energetik, a former urban-type settlement in Vladimir Oblast, Russia; since 2006—part of the city of Vladimir
# Paul Rigdon

Paul David Rigdon (born November 2, 1975) is an American former professional baseball player who was a pitcher for two Major League Baseball seasons. Rigdon played for the Cleveland Indians and Milwaukee Brewers from 2000 to 2001.
Rigdon was born in Jacksonville, Florida. He attended Trinity Christian Academy in Jacksonville, and the University of Florida in Gainesville, where he played for the Florida Gators baseball team in 1996.
# Chokocho

Chokocho is a community in Etche Local Government Area in Rivers State, Nigeria near the Otamiri River. It has a population of about 18000 residents. The Chokocho bridge across the Otamiri, damaged during the Nigerian civil war, was rebuilt during the governorship of Peter Odili. The bridge on the Igwuruta – Okehi – Okpalla road is 60m x 11m (4 spans of 15m each), built by Setraco Nigeria Ltd and completed in December 2002. In March 2008, Ephraim Nwuzi of the Etche Local Government Area said he was going to complete "abandoned projects" like the cottage hospital at Chokocho.
The Global Memorandum of Understanding initiated in 2005 by Shell Producing Company has provided development funds, administered by the Etche One Cluster Development Foundation. In 2007, the people of Chokocho chose to rehabilitate their water facilities and install electricity supply to the entire community. In August 2009, the foundation commissioned six rooms of lock-up shops in Chokocho Community.
Random sand samples from the bank of Otamiri River between Chokocho and Umuanyaga, Etche Local Government Area, Rivers State showed that 86% of the sand particles are within the ideal range for glass making.
# Angavastra

An angavastra (plural, angavastram, Sanskrit: अङ्गवस्त्रम्) is a shoulder cloth or stole worn by men in India, especially in Maharashtra and South India. It is a single, rectangular piece of fabric and may have decorated borders. An angavastra may be worn with a dhoti and kurta. An angavastra may be offered as a mark of respect to guests, elders and gurus.

## Style and use

Angavastra is a simple loose garment, usually paired or matching with dhoti color, draped over the shoulders. It is a traditional wear of South India and a profound fashion statement.
Prime Minister Narendra Modi wore karai veshti dhoti, kurta, and angavastram, the traditional attire during his visit to Arjuna's Penance, Krishna's Butterball, the Pancha Rathas, and Shore Temple. A weaver from Varanasi designed and wove a special silk angavastram incorporating Buddhist mantras for Narendra Modi.

## History

The angavastram, a traditional garment worn by men in parts of South India and Maharashtra, has a long history rooted in Indian culture. This unstitched, rectangular piece of fabric is draped over the torso and shoulder, serving practical and symbolic purposes. The origins of the angavastram can be traced back to ancient times. It is believed to have evolved from the uttariya, a similar garment worn around the shoulders or waist, as evidenced by sculptures found at historical sites such as Sanchi and Amaravati. The word "angavastram" is derived from Sanskrit, meaning "cloth for the body," reflecting its fundamental purpose.
Historically, the angavastram was typically made of handspun cotton yarn, crafted using simple machinery. With the industrialization of the textile industry, production methods evolved. While cotton remains popular for everyday wear, silk angavastrams are often used for religious and formal occasions. The use of raw matka silk is particularly preferred for religious leaders and practitioners.
In recent years, the angavastram has gained recognition beyond its traditional contexts. Some educational institutions in India have adopted it as part of their convocation attire, replacing colonial-era black robes. For example, in 2023, the University of Delhi announced its decision to use angavastrams for its 99th convocation ceremony, citing a desire to move away from colonial influences.
Despite its long history, the basic design and purpose of the angavastram have remained largely unchanged. It continues to be an important symbol of Indian culture, representing both tradition and practicality in modern times.
# Military Ordinariate of Slovakia

The Military Ordinariate of Slovakia (Slovak: Vojenský ordinariát) is a Latin military ordinariate (pseudo-diocese) of the Roman Catholic Church for the Slovak armed forces.
It is exempt, i.e. immediately subject to the Holy See (not part of any ecclesiastical province and its Roman Congregation for Bishops.
The Cathedral episcopal see is Katedrála sv. Šebastiána, dedicated to Saint Sebastian, in the Slovak national capital Bratislava, which in 2009 replaced the Cathedral of St. John of Matha and St. Felix of Valois (Katedrála sv. Jána a sv. Felixa z Valois), also in Bratislava.

## History

The military ordinariate, without precursor, was established by Pope John Paul II on 20 January 2003, ten years after the country's independence by the dissolution of Czechoslovakia.

## Statistics

As per 2014, it provides pastoral care to Roman Catholics serving in the Slovak Armed Forces and their families in 56 parishes with 54 priests (46 diocesan, 8 religious), 1 deacon and 8 lay religious brothers.

## Military ordinaries

* František Rábek (incumbent, 20 January 2003 – ...), previously Auxiliary Bishop of Nitra (Slovakia) (1991.07.13 – 2003.01.20) and Titular Bishop of Catrum (1991.07.13 – 2003.01.20)
# River Esk, Lothian

The River Esk (Brythonic: Isca (water), Scottish Gaelic: Easg (water)), also called the Lothian Esk, is a river that flows through Midlothian and East Lothian, Scotland.
It initially runs as two separate rivers: the North Esk and the South Esk.

## Route

The North Esk rises in the North Esk Reservoir in the Pentland Hills, in Midlothian, a mile (1.6 km) north of the village of Carlops. It flows north-east past Penicuik and Auchendinny, where it is joined by the Glencorse Burn, flowing in a south-easterly direction from the Glencorse Reservoir. The reservoir was built by the Edinburgh Water Company in the 1820s, to supply compensation water to millowners on the Esk when they started to take water from the Glencorse Burn for drinking water supplies. The river continues through Roslin Glen and the Penicuik–Dalkeith Walkway, past Hawthornden Castle, Polton, Lasswade and Melville Castle.
The South Esk rises at the southernmost extremity of Midlothian, on the western slopes of Blackhope Scar (the highest of the Moorfoot Hills). It flows north through Gladhouse Reservoir and Rosebery Reservoir, and by the village of Temple, before receiving the Redside Burn close to Arniston House. It is joined by the Gore Water at Shank. The Dalhousie Burn joins just to the west of Newtongrange. The South Esk passes Newbattle Abbey and proceeds through Dalkeith.
The rivers converge just about 1.25 miles (2.01 km) north-east of Dalkeith at the edge of the grounds of Dalkeith Palace. From here the River Esk continues north for about 4.3 miles (6.9 km), entering the East Lothian region, skirting Inveresk and flowing into the Firth of Forth at Fisherrow (Musselburgh).

## Photo gallery

* River Esk signpost
* River Esk weir
* River Esk angler
* River Esk bank erosion
* River Esk swans
* River Esk, Musselburgh
* River Esk, Rennie's Bridge
# Friedrich W. Herzog

Friedrich Wilhelm Herzog (30 March 1902 – 3 November 1976) was a German writer and music critic.

## Life

Born in Oldenburg, Herzog joined the National Socialist German Workers' Party in 1931 and became head of the music department of the Militant League for German Culture. After the Machtergreifung by the Nazi, he and 87 other writers signed the Gelöbnis treuester Gefolgschaft to Adolf Hitler in October 1933. In 1934, he published the book Was ist deutsche Musik in which he wrote: "We want music that is filled with the expressive power of the National Socialist idea." In the same year on 1 July, he became editor of the magazine Die Musik, Organ der NS-Kulturgemeinde. At the end of August 1935, Herzog was briefly held in Gestapo custody because, according to the diary entries of Goebbels, he had seriously insulted his wife Magda. This only harmed him in the short term, however, because in 1936 he was promoted from editor to editor of the journal Die Musik by the editor-in-chief. However, he was later replaced by Herbert Gerigk. The latter judged thus Herzog: "Herzog made Die Musik into an uncompromisingly managed organ of National Socialist culture.“
After the Second World War Herzog worked as a music teacher. He died in his hometown Oldenburg in 1976 at the age of 74.

## Work

* Wilhelm Backhaus. Der Pianist der Totalität, Berlin 1935 (Musikalische Schriftenreihe der NS-Kulturgemeinde, H. 8)
# Seyrantepe, Kozluk

Seyrantepe (Kurdish: Çirto) is a village in the Kozluk District, Batman Province, Turkey. Its population is 21 (2021).
# Madonna of Nesvačily

The Madonna of Nesvačily (around 1410) is one of the finest wooden beautiful madonnas of the late beautiful style in Bohemia. It is considered a younger replica of the Madonna of Plzeň. The so-called Master of the Nesvačily sculptures, who was probably trained in the workshop of the Master of the Týn Calvary, has been identified as the author. The statue comes from the Church of the Finding of the Holy Cross in Nesvačily and is on display in the exposition of medieval art of the National Gallery in Prague.

## Description and classification

The statue is made of lime wood, carved also on the rear side, with old (possibly original) polychromy, height 137 cm. Restored by F. Kotrba (1946).
The author was a carver of distinguished qualities, who in a somewhat more rigid and cumbersome form used the classical scheme of the beautiful style with great confidence. The Madonna in a pronounced S-like bend holds the child on her side above her left foot, but the rhythm of movement has stopped and the face lacks the former liveliness of expression. The basic symmetrical scheme of the drapery with its bowl-like folds, zigzag depressions, two cascades of tubular folds at the sides and a horizontal border at knee level originated in the Parler workshop. The type of the obliquely reclining naked child presented to the faithful by the Virgin Mary also dates from the 1480s. The massive, fully sculpted and blocky figure with a faint contrapposto is composed for a frontal view. An original variation of the detail known from the Krumlov Madonna is the protruding tip of the cloak, which the Child Jesus holds with his left hand, in which he is clutching an apple. The sculptor also used other widely used motifs - for example, the gesture with which Jesus holds his mother's veil (which represents the symbol of Mary's virginity before and after childbirth), or the motif of the large lower fold of the garment with the 'nose'. However, this is not an eclectic adoption of patterns, nor a mere reduction of the complex shape of the Madonna of Plzeň, but rather a new formulation of a traditional type.
In the style of carving, the statue is related to some of the works of the Master of Týn Calvary - e.g. the Virgin Mary from Dumlos Calvary and the Madonna from the Church of St. Elizabeth (left side with a cascade of folds), or St. John the Evangelist from Týn Calvary (parts of the knee of the free leg). The motif of the drapery fold on the front side is identical to the Madonna from the Franciscan Church in Plzeň (1415), also close to the workshop of the Master of Týn Calvary. According to some art historians, the author of the statue was a carver who worked in this workshop and became independent around 1410.

## Gallery

* Detail of head
* Detail of Jesus
* Detail of the tip of the cloak and apple
* Detail of the veil and the right hand of Jesus
# Doyle Tackett

Doyle Lee Tackett (August 23, 1923 – September 7, 2002) was an American football halfback, wingback, and blocking back. He played for the Navy's Fleet City Bluejackets football teams in 1944 and 1945 and for the Brooklyn Dodgers from 1946 to 1948.

## Early years

Tackett was born in Hector, Arkansas, in 1923 and attended Atkins High School in Atkins, Arkansas. He received all-state honors while playing football at Atkins High School in 1942. He was a multi-sport athlete in high school, pitching for the baseball team, playing guard for the basketball team, and setting a rreocrd in the discus throw.

## Fleet City

Before Tackett was able to play college football, the United States entered World War II, and Tackett joined the Navy. He served in the Navy from June 1943 until February 1946. In 1944 and 1945, he starred at the halfback and fullback positions on the Navy's Fleet City Bluejackets football team in San Francisco. The undefeated 1945 Fleet City Bluejackets football team featured an all-star lineup that included Tackett, Bruiser Kinard, Bill Daddio, Charlie O'Rourke, Steve Juzwik, Lou Zontini, and John Badaczewski, and was considered to be as good as the 1945 Army Cadets football team.

## Brooklyn Dodgers

Tackett drew attention from professional scouts while playing for Fleet City and received offers from several professional teams, ultimately accepting an offer from the Brooklyn Dodgers of the All-America Football Conference. He played three seasons for the Dodgers from 1946 to 1948. He began as a blocking back, but was switched to wingback in November 1946. He scored his first professional touchdown on November 10, 1946, on a 40-yard reception from Glenn Dobbs. Dobbs and Tackett connected for a second touchdown one week later on November 17, 1946. Tackett appeared in a total of 27 games, five of them as a starter, and caught 10 passes 216 receiving yards and two touchdowns. He also recorded two interceptions while playing on defense.

## Later years

After his football career ended, Tackett returned to Arkansas and worked as a farmer. He was married in 1946 to Margaret Helen Carter. He died in 2002 in Atkins, Arkansas.
# Glyntraian

Glyntraian (Welsh: Glyntraean) is a community in Wrexham County Borough, Wales.
The parish of Glyntraian, lying at the mouth of the Ceiriog Valley, was formed when the ancient parish of Llangollen was divided into three traeanau ("traean/traian" being the Welsh for "third"): Llangollen Traean, Trefor Traean, and Glyn Traean - which became known as Glyntraian.
It contained the historic townships of Cilcochwyn, Crogeniddon, Crogenwladus, Erwallo, Hafodgynfor, Nantygwryd, Pennant and Talygarth.
Today, Glyntraian contains the villages of Dolywern, Llechrydau, Llwynmawr and Pontfadog; it is governed by Glyntraian Community Council (Welsh: Cyngor Cymuned Glyntraean), which replaced Glyntraian Parish Council under the Local Government Act 1972. At the 2001 Census, the community area had a total population of 878, falling to 822 at the 2011 Census.
# Khaleqabad, Ravar

Khaleqabad (Persian: خالق اباد, also Romanized as Khāleqābād) is a village in Ravar Rural District, in the Central District of Ravar County, Kerman Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 295, in 74 families, which makes an average of 3.98 inhabitants per family.
# Euclea pseudebenus

Euclea pseudebenus (Cape ebony, Ebony guarri, Afrikaans: Ebbehout-ghwarrie) is a tree native to Angola, Namibia and the Cape Province region of South Africa. It is classified as a protected tree in South Africa.
# Tikhomirov (surname)

Tikhomirov (Russian: Тихомиров, female Tikhomirova (Тихомирова)) is a Russian surname, which may refer to:
* Aleksandr Tikhomirov - zoologist
* Alexander Tikhomirov - a Soviet army officer and Hero of the Soviet Union
* Dmitriy Tikhomirov - pedagogue
* Igor Tikhomirov - Soviet and Canadian fencer
* Igor Tikhomirov (musician) - Soviet and Russian jazz guitarist, member of the band Kino
* Ioasaf Tikhomirov (1872-1908) - a Russian actor and founder member of the Moscow Art Theatre
* Lev Tikhomirov - Russian revolutionary
* Mikhail Tikhomirov - Soviet paleographer
* Nikolai Tikhomirov - Russian engineer
* Nikolai Tikhomirov (chemical engineer) - Russian Soviet chemical engineer and rocket pioneer
* Vasily Tikhomirov - Russian and Soviet dancer and choreographer
* Viktor Tikhomirov - a Soviet scientist
* Vladimir Tikhomirov - a Soviet army officer and Hero of the Soviet Union
* Vladimir Tikhomirov - Soviet geologist
* Metropolitan Sergius (Tikhomirov) of Japan
# Pinaka veena

   "The essential difference between this instrument and the been is that, in the place of chords it has but one string of wire, strongly stretched. To draw out the sound, a bow like that of a bass is prest upon this chord, at the same time that another part of it is struck or rubbed with a little stick.
Frans Balthazar Solvyns,
The pināka vīnā (Hindi: पिनाक pinnak + Hindi: वीणा veena) was an Indian musical instrument, a musical bow that was itself played with a bow. It has also been transliterated pinaki vina and pinak.
It appeared similar to the rudra veena (also called "bīn" or "been"), with a long bar held over the musician's shoulder and resting on the ground, with large gourds attached at each end for resonators. However, where the rudra veena has multiple strings and frets, the pinaka vina had only one string made of wire and no frets. Where the rudra veena was a stick zither (with a straight and rigid bar for the instrument's body), the pinaka vīnā was a musical bow (its body a long stick turned up at each end).
The instrument was sounded with a bow. The musician chose notes with a stick held against the strings, able to slide it up and down on the string, in the same way a bottle slides on a slide guitar's strings.
* Ragaputra Sarang painting, from Bundi, showing "The Divine Musician plays a pinaki vīnā."
* A bīn or kuplyans in Solvyn's 1799 publication. Plucked stick zither with two strings. The word kuplyans is "limited to Bengal."
* 1808-1812. Illustration of a bīn, labeled "qaplious". Plucked stick zither.
* India, 1807. Pinak, a bowed musical bow.

## Origins

Pinaka was the name of the bow (arrow-shooting variety) of Shiva. The musical bow pināka made it into literature by the 12th century C.E. in the Saraswati Hridayalankar or Bharatbhashya by Nanyadeva (1097–1133 C.E.) In the mid-12th century it was considered to be a very important instrument by Haripala, a Gujarati king (son of Karna). The instrument was recorded in 1456 as having a second resonator. By 1810 the instrument was rare, and much of our knowledge about its appearance comes from drawings made by Frans Balthazar Solvyns, an artist who illustrated many common scenes in the 1790s and early 1800s.
As the pinak was a northern instrument, a bowed southern instrument also existed, the ravanahatha stick zither. The pināka and ravanahatha are tied together in literature. As pināka was Shiva's bow, the ravanahatha was created in legend by the ascetic demon king Ravana, a devotee of Shiva.
# James B. Hill

James B. Hill (born November 29, 1856, near Fremont, Sandusky County, Ohio, died in 1945 in Raceland, Louisiana) was an American inventor.
Hill worked as a drainage tiler in northwestern Ohio in the 1870s and 1880s, during which time he devised a wheel trencher that he later named the Buckeye Traction Ditcher (U.S. Patent 523-790; July 31, 1894). The Buckeye allowed for the quick placement of drainage tiles to aid in cultivation. After ridding northwest Ohio of its Great Black Swamp, Hill’s invention, produced by the Buckeye Traction Ditcher Company of Findlay, Ohio, went on to drain large parts of Florida and Louisiana.
Finding his early machines bogged down by the mud of Louisiana, Hill designed wheels that could travel over soft, wet earth. He termed this style of wheel "apron traction", and it became the forerunner for modern tank wheels (U.S. Patent 866-647; September 24, 1907 ).
Hill spent his last years breeding new varieties of corn which could flourish in Louisiana, most notably "Hill’s White Cob Yellow Dent". While visiting business associates in Florida at the turn of the 20th century, Hill designed an early amphibious vehicle.
The American Society of Mechanical Engineers designated an original Buckeye Steam Traction Ditcher as an "International Historic Mechanical Engineering Landmark" in 1988. This ditcher can be seen today at the Hancock County Historical Museum in Findlay. The ASME also maintains Hill's gravestone at Maple Grove Cemetery in Findlay, on which a ditcher is engraved.

## Family

Hill and his first wife Ella MacDonald had 10 children. Near his death, he boasted of having more than 100 descendants. These descendants are scattered throughout the United States, with the majority living in southern Louisiana (centering on Raceland) and northwest Ohio (centering on Toledo).
He also married Elizabeth Christian (her 3rd marriage) in Raceland, Louisiana. His son, Cloyse Adrian (aka Butch), married Elizabeth's daughter, Ada Jurgens. They had 2 children: Wayne and Arta Hill.