OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Limerick County Council

Limerick County Council (Irish: Comhairle Contae Luimnigh) was the local authority of County Limerick, Ireland. As a county council, it was governed by the Local Government Act 2001. The council had 28 elected members. Elections for the council were held every five years and were by single transferable vote. The head of the council had the title of Cathaoirleach (chairperson).
The county council was originally based at Limerick Courthouse and then moved to County Buildings in O'Connell Street in two stages; Nos. 82 and 83 were acquired in 1911 and Nos. 80 and 81 in 1966. The county council then moved to County Hall, Dooradoyle in 2003. Limerick County Council was also responsible for a large proportion of Limerick city's suburbs. The remaining areas of Limerick city were under the authority of Limerick City Council which was a separate authority.
It was abolished in 2014 when the Local Government Reform Act 2014 was implemented. It was succeeded by Limerick City and County Council.

## Elections

| Year | | FG | | FF | | Lab | | PDs | | Ind | Total |
| 2009 | 15 | 15 | 9 | 9 | 2 | 2 | — | — | 2 | 2 | 28 |
| 2004 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 28 |
| 1999 | 10 | 10 | 14 | 14 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 28 |
| 1991 | 10 | 10 | 13 | 13 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 28 |
| 1985 | 10 | 10 | 18 | 18 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 0 | 0 | 28 |

## Merger with Limerick City Council

On 28 June 2011, the Minister for the Environment, Community and Local Government Phil Hogan announced that Limerick City Council and Limerick County Council would be merged into a single local authority. The merger would come into effect following the 2014 local elections. The first steps in this merger was the appointment of Conn Murray as the dual manager of both Limerick City Council and Limerick County Council. The new authority, Limerick City and County Council, came into being on 1 June 2014.
# Maudie Bitar

Maudie Bitar (Arabic: مودي بيطار) is a Lebanese journalist and critic. She has worked for and published extensively in an-Nahar (Lebanon) and al-Hayat (London) newspapers. She writes a regular column on Western literature in al-Hayat. Her articles have also appeared in al-Wasat, and Banipal published her original review of Syrian author Haifa Bitar in an English translation by Issa Boullata. In January 2012, she was named as a judge for the 2012 Arabic Booker Prize.
# Sever

Sever may refer to:

## Places in Portugal

* Sever, Santa Marta de Penaguião, a civil parish in the municipality of Santa Marta de Penaguião
* Sever, Moimenta da Beira, a civil parish in Moimenta da Beira Municipality
* Sever do Vouga Municipality, a municipality in the district of Aveiro
* Sever River, a tributary of the Tagus River

## People

* Sever Dron (born 1944), Romanian tennis player
* Sever Mureșan (born 1948), Romanian tennis player
* Sever Voinescu (born 1969), Romanian politician
* Henry Sever (died 1471), English divine
* Ioan Axente Sever (1821–1906), Romanian revolutionary
* J. W. Sever, the physician who characterized Sever's disease in 1912
* Savin Sever (1927–2003), Slovene architect
* Stane Sever (1914–1970), Slovenian actor
* Sever, stage name of Canadian singer Skye Sweetnam
* Agent Sever, a fictional character in the film Ballistic: Ecks vs. Sever

## Other uses

* Sever Murmansk, a Russian football club
* Sever Pipeline, an oil product pipeline in Russia
* "Sever", a song by Porcupine Tree from the album Signify
* Sever (TV series), a Czech crime thriller television series
* Sever (transceiver) [ru] (Russian: Север), compact military short-wave transceiver (USSR, 1941)
# Johannes Gezelius the younger

Johannes Gezelius the younger (6 September 1647–10 April 1718), also known as Johannes Gezelius den yngre in Swedish and Johannes Gezelius nuorempi in Finnish, was a theologian, professor at the Royal Academy of Åbo and Bishop of Turku between 1690 and 1718.

## Biography

Gezelius was the son of Bishop Johannes Gezelius the elder and Gertrud Gutheim. His own son, Johannes Gezelius the youngest, was bishop of Porvoo. In 1670 Gezelius left to study in Germany, England and France against his father's wishes. He studied in Oxford under the direction of Edward Pococke. In 1674 he returned to Turku and defended his doctorate in 1675, after which he was appointed a theology professor at the Royal Academy of Turku.
Between 1684 and 1688 he was the Superintendent of Livonia. Upon his father's death in 1690, he was appointed his successor in Turku. During his time as Bishop of Turlku, Gezelius published a hymnal that had been edited by Erik Cajanus. It was later commonly called the Old Hymnal (Finnish: Vanha virsikirja) and was based on a Swedish hymnal from 1695.
# Gazma Cave

Gazma Cave (Azerbaijani: Qazma mağarası) is a Paleolithic dwelling site discovered between Ordubad and Sharur districts in 1983. Gazma Cave is located 3 km northeast of Tananam village, 1450 m above the sea level.

## Discovery

The ancient site of Gazma cave was discovered in 1983 during the Paleolithic archeological expedition headed by M.M.Huseynov and A.G.Jafarov in Ordubad and Sharur regions. Archeological excavations were carried out there under the leadership of A.G.Jafarov in 1987–1990, and A.Zeynalov in 2008–2013.

## Findings

A large number of archaeological materials were found in the cave during the research. More than 17,000 unearthed fauna fossils were examined by D.V.Hajiyev and S.D.Aliyev and it was found out that they contained 24 species of fauna, some were used as tools. In addition to fauna fossils, 874 stone tools were also discovered in the cave. Among them there were 780 obsidians, 93 flints, and 1 tuff tools. Despite the fact that the obsidian reserve is located in Kalbajar mountains, the research has revealed that these stones were collected by cave dwellers from the bed of Arpachay. The form of the tools is similar to those derived from Azokh and Tağlar caves. The presence of several hearths in a small area in the cave indicates that primitive people living in Gazma utilized fire and lived here for a long time. During the Mousterian culture period, hunting played a particular role in the lives of Gazma inhabitants.

## Layers

6 cultural layers were discovered in the cave.
The first layer — consists of black soil. No archeological findings. The total thickness of the layer was 15-20 cm.
The second layer — consists of light-yellow clay soil. The difference between the first and second layers is clearly visible. No archeological findings. The total thickness of the layer was 20-25 cm.
The third layer — consists of dark-yellow clay soil. During the excavations, bone fossils were beginning to be discovered. This layer is slightly thicker. The total thickness of the layer was 35-40 cm.
The fourth layer — consists of light-yellowish clay soil layer. Rock fractures and stalactite fragments fallen from the upper part of the cave were recorded. Beginning from the fourth layer, stone tools were also discovered along with bone fossils. 8 pieces of stone tools were found in the layer. All of them were obsidian. The total thickness of the layer was 25-30 cm.
The fifth layer — consists of dark-yellow clay soil and light-gray layers in some areas. Rock fractures and stalactite fragments were recorded. Bones and stone tools were unearthed in the layer. 13 pieces of stone tools were found in the layer. 11 of them are obsidian and 2 are flint. The total thickness of the layer was 30-35 cm.
The sixth layer — consists of dark-brown clay soil. Unlike the other layers, in the sixth layer rock fractures and stalactite fragments were rarely found. Bones and stone tools were discovered in the layer.

## Gallery

* Obsidian tools, Gazma Cave
# Giovanni Battista Fasolo

Giovanni Battista Fasolo, O.F.M.Conv (Asti, ca. 1598 – Palermo after 1664), was a Franciscan friar, organist and composer.
In his middle years Fasolo was primarily known for his 1645 organ annual, which, like L'organo suonarino of Adriano Banchieri, from the generation before him, was intended for use in small parish churches, and are much simpler than those used in Venice. In 1659 Fasolo became maestro di cappella to the Archbishop of Monreale.
Until recently many of G.B. Fasolo's secular works were attributed to other composers, particularly the Venetian Francesco Manelli, the composer of the first commercial operas in music history, or to a third unknown composer known as "Il Fasolo?".
However following the work of Francesco Luisi, Mariangela Donà, and Claudio Bacciagaluppi the attribution of the major works under the heading "Il Fasolo?" to G.B. Fasolo is now reasonably secure, and listed under his own entry, by Eleanor Selfridge-Field, in the current New Grove.

## Extant works

* Op. 3 "Misticanza di Vigna alla Bergamasca; il Canto della Barchetta et altre cantate et ariette per Voce et Chitarra." Robletti Rome, 1627. Sole surviving copy was in the possession of Dr. Oscar Chilesotti in 1886. A facsimile of a single song "I bei guardi" from this collection is included in an article by Chilesotti- "Notes sur les tablatures de luth et de guitare" originally published in "Encyclopedie de la musique" ; edited by Albert Lavignac (1925). Part 1, vol. 2 : Italie - Allemagne, p. 636-684. This is particularly interesting because figures have been added to the guitar alfabeto symbols to indicate how the accompaniment should be strummed.
* Il carro di Madama Lucia. Rome, 1628 (*attributed).
* Aria - Se desiate, o bella, 1629 (*attributed).
* Op. 6 Second Book of Motets for 2-3 voices, with a mass for 3 voices, Naples, 1635.
* Op. 8 Annuale che contiene tutto quello, che deve far un Organista per risponder al Choro tutto l'Anno; for organ, Venice, 1645. (263 pages of organ music!)
* Magnificat, Beatus vir, a 5. ca. 1645.(*attributed)
* Op. 9 Arie spirituali morali, e indifferenti, 2-3 vv, with dialogues 3vv and two arias for solo voice. Palermo, 1659.

## Recordings

* Aria Cangia, cangia tue voglie. Aria from Op. 3 La barchetta passaggiera. Rome, 1627. Recorded by Beniamino Gigli London, 1947.
* Il Fásolo? Le Poème Harmonique, dir. Vincent Dumestre Alpha-23 (CD) 2004
# Sand River Convention

The Sand River Convention (Afrikaans: Sandrivierkonvensie) of 17 January 1852 was a convention whereby the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland formally recognised the independence of the Boers north of the Vaal River.

## Background

The convention was signed on 17 January 1852, by Commandant-General Andries Pretorius and others, on behalf of the new country, and Major William Samuel Hogge and Charles Mostyn Owen, clerk to the Civil Commissioner of Winburg, duly authorised to, and on behalf of, the British government. The treaty was signed on the farm called Sand River belonging to P. A. Venter, near Ventersburg.

## Provisions

The treaty contained the following provisions:
* The British government guarantees and grants the emigrant farmers across the Vaal river the right to govern themselves, according to their own laws free from any and all British interference and that the British Government wishes to promote peace, free trade and friendly intercourse with the new country
* Britain disclaims any and all alliances with coloured nations to the North of the Vaal river
* No slavery be practised in the country to the North of the Vaal river
* Ammunition and arms crossing over the border from the South of the Vaal river shall require a certificate from a British Magistrate, and that no arms or munitions be supplied to the natives by either the British or by the people of the new country
* Criminals will be exchanged between the British and the new country and that summonses for witnesses from both sides of the river be backed up by the magistrates at both sides of the river
* It is agreed that certificates of marriages will be recognised on both sides of the river
* It is agreed that any and all people now residing in British land but being in possession of land in the new country shall have the free right to sell the property and to move freely over the Vaal river.

## Claims of contraventions

South African Republic authorities claimed the British contravened the treaty in 1853, with a British citizen, the missionary David Livingstone, supplying, storing, and making repairs to materials of war for the native tribes. Commandant Scholtz and his men confiscated a large number of rifles and amounts of ammunition and equipment from Livingstone's home. The British in turn claimed that the Boers were keeping slaves under the Inboekstelsel system. The Boers responded that the acts of a few criminals and criminal gangs cannot be claimed to be that of an entire nation.

### First Boer War

One of the causes of the First Boer War was the direct breach by the British of this convention on 12 April 1877. Britain issued a proclamation called: "Annexation of the S.A. Republic to the British Empire," and proceeded to occupy Pretoria. Although the British did not attempt to dismantle the country, and self-rule was decreed in the proclamation, the annexation was not accepted by the South African Republic, and a delegation was sent to Europe and the United States to protest this action.
# Canggal inscription

The Canggal inscription is a Sanskrit inscription dated to 732, discovered in the Gunung Wukir temple complex in Kadiluwih village, Salam, Magelang Regency, Central Java, Indonesia. The inscription is written in the Pallava alphabet. The inscription documents an edict of Sanjaya, in which he declared himself the universal ruler of the Mataram Kingdom.

## Content

The inscription describes the erection of a lingam (the symbol of Shiva) in the country of Kunjarakunja, by Sanjaya's order. The lingam is sited on the noble island of Yava (Java), which the inscription describes as "rich in grain and gold mines".$^{:87–88}$ Yawadwipa ("Java island"), and had long been under the rule of the wise and virtuous king Sanna, but fell into disunity after his death. Amid a period of confusion Sanjaya, son of Sannaha (the sister of Sanna) ascended to the throne. Sanjaya mastered holy scriptures, and martial arts, and displayed military prowess. After the conquest of neighboring areas, his reign was peaceful and prosperous.
The inscription refers to Kunjarakunja-desa, perhaps meaning "the hermitage land of Kunjara", which has been identified as the hermitage of Rishi Agastya, a Hindu Maharishi revered in Southern India. The Ramayana contains a reference to a visit to Agastya hermitage on Kunjara by Rama, Sita, and Lakshmana.
The name Sanjaya, Sanna and Sannaha curiously was also mentioned in Carita Parahyangan, a book from a later period composed around 16th century which suggested refer to the same historical person.
# Regina Shamvili

Regina Shamvili (/rɪˈdʒɪnə/ rij-IN-ə) is an American concert pianist and an artist of the United States Department of State, born in Tbilisi, Georgia.
Shamvili graduated from both the Tbilisi State Conservatory and the Moscow Conservatory. Studied with such legendary pianists as Maria Grinberg, Yakov Flier and Grigory Ginzburg. Recordings on the Melodia label in Russia.
Shamvili has been a citizen of the United States since 1983. Concerts in over one hundred countries around the world. Venues ranging from Concord Pavilion in California to Teatro Coloseo in Buenos Aires to medieval Teatro Olimpico di Vicenza... Recordings on the PolyGram (Netherlands) and VDE-Gallo Records (Switzerland).
The US Ambassador of goodwill for the United States. Cultural programs under auspices the US Embassies around the world. "She reinforced the important role of culture in our bilateral relationship and marked a milestone in our cultural exchange activities" - John Negroponte.
UNESCO sponsored concerts in Asia and Africa. The first Western musician in recent times to give live performances in the Saudi Arabia - BBC Music Magazine. Command performances at the White House, Vatican City and Castel Gandolfo...
Artist's international appeal documented by the Bureau of Public Affairs in a special TV presentation; TROS (The Netherlands), BRTN (Belgium), Russia Today TV programs aired by National TV channels. CNN worldwide coverage of a return performance in Moscow.
# Qaribabad

Qaribabad and Gharibabad (Persian: قريب آباد or غريب آباد) may refer to various places in Iran:
* Qaribabad, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari
* Gharibabad, Fars
* Gharibabad, Kerman
* Gharibabad, Chabahar, Sistan and Baluchestan Province
* Gharibabad, Eskelabad, Khash County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province
* Gharibabad-e Allah Dad, Khash County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province
* Gharibabad-e Nark, Khash County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province
* Gharibabad, West Azerbaijan
# Sosnovka, Baymaksky District, Republic of Bashkortostan

Sosnovka (Russian: Сосновка) is a rural locality (a village) in Zilairsky Selsoviet, Baymaksky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 407 as of 2010. There are 7 streets.

## Geography

Sosnovka is located 61 km southeast of Baymak (the district's administrative centre) by road. Baishevo is the nearest rural locality.
# Ahmed Belgasem

Ahmed Youssef Belgasem (Arabic: أحمد يوسف بالقاسم; born October 15, 1987) is a Libyan road racing cyclist. He represented Libyan Arab Jamahiriya (now Libya) at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, where he competed in the men's road race. Belgasem, however, did not finish the run, before reaching the 150.2 km lap of the course. In 2010, Belgasem won his first ever career title at the third annual Tour of Libya.
# Manoel's Destinies

Manoel's Destinies (French: Les destins de Manoel) is a 1984 French-Portuguese children's fantasy film directed by Chilean filmmaker Raúl Ruiz. It was edited down from the three-part TV miniseries Manuel on the Island of Wonders (French: Manoel dans l'île des merveilles).

## Cast

* Ruben de Freitas as Manoel (7yo)
* Teresa Madruga as Manoel's Mother
* Fernando Heitor as Manoel's Father
* Marco Paulo de Freitas as Manoel (13yo)
* Diogo Dória as Captain Araujo
* Cecília Guimarães
* Vasco Pimentel
* José de Freitas
* Aurélie Chazelle
* Miguel Silva
* Pedro M. Ruivo
# Cathedral of Christ the Saviour (Kaliningrad)

The Cathedral of Christ the Saviour (Russian: Храм Христа Спасителя, Khram Khrista Spasitelya) in the Russian city of Kaliningrad (formerly Königsberg) is the largest church of Kaliningrad Oblast. It is the dominant building of the inner city and is situated near the central square, called Ploshchad Pobedy (Victory Square).
The Cathedral's construction was completed on 10 September 2006. A small wooden chapel that served as a temporary worship space still stands nearby.

## Architecture

The Russian Orthodox Cathedral of Christ the Saviour was designed by architect is Oleg Kopylov. Standing at 70 meters high, the temple was built in the style of church architecture in the duchy of Vladimir-Suzdal.

## History

The cornerstone for the structure was laid in 1995. In 1996, Russian President Boris Yeltsin and Metropolitan Kirill brought a capsule with earth taken from Moscow's Christ the Saviour Cathedral. The upper church of the Resurrection was consecrated on September 10 2006 by Patriarch Alexy II, and timed to coincide with the 20th anniversary of the opening of the first Orthodox church in Kaliningrad.
The lower church in the name of the Holy Face of Our Saviour was consecrated on September 27, 2007 by Metropolitan of Smolensk and Kaliningrad Kirill (Gundyaev). The "Memel" iconostasis created during the Seven Years' War for the Russian garrison in Memel (Klaipėda) was subsequently installed here. The lower temple is a temple of military glory and is dedicated to the memory of the Russian soldiers who died in the Seven Years' War, the Napoleonic Wars, World War I and World War II in East Prussia and today's Kaliningrad Oblast .
In July 2010 near the cathedral a new small church was opened, established in the same style and dedicated to Saints Peter and Fevronia of Murom.
# Benedetto Ferrari

Benedetto Ferrari (c. 1603 – 22 October 1681) was an Italian composer, particularly of opera, librettist, and theorbo player.

## Biography

Benedetto Ferrari was born in Reggio nell'Emilia. He worked in Rome (1617–1618), Parma (1619–1623), and possibly in Modena at some time between 1623 and 1637. He created music and libretti in Venice and Bologna, 1637–1644. Ferrari's Andromeda, with music by Francesco Manelli, was the first Venetian opera performed in a public theatre (in 1637). Subsequently, he provided both the text and the music for two operas, both presented in Venice: La maga fulminata (1638) and Il pastor regio (1640). The 1641 Bolognese staging of the latter included, as its final duet, the text "Pur ti miro, pur ti godo," which was later reused, possibly with Ferrari's music, for the final duet in the surviving manuscripts of Monteverdi's L'Incoronazione di Poppea.
Ferrari went to Vienna in 1651, serving the emperor Ferdinand III. Upon returning to Modena in 1653 he was appointed court choirmaster. His post was eliminated in 1662 but reinstated in 1674, after which he served until his death at Modena. Many sources recount his virtuosity as a theorbo player.
None of his operatic music survives. Extant works include libretti, an oratorio, and three books of monodies under the title Musiche varie a voce sola (Venice 1633, 1637, 1641). Though the last were composed within a relatively short time span, they reflect the changing style of accompanied monody, from the emergence of recitar cantando (midway between song and speech) to the vocal style that is typical of mid-17th century opera, with a more distinctive melody and a clearer rhythm.
# Denis Mashkin

Denis Maksimovich Mashkin (Russian: Денис Максимович Машкин; born 16 July 1996) is a former Russian football player.

## Club career

He played his first game for the main squad of FC Rostov on 24 September 2015 in a Russian Cup game against FC Tosno.
# Giovanni Gastel

Giovanni Gastel (27 December 1955 – 13 March 2021) was an Italian photographer.

## Biography

Giovanni Gastel began to approach photography in the early 1970s.
In 1981, he started working for numerous fashion magazines, including Vogue, Elle, and Vanity Fair; he also collaborated with world-famous brands such as Dior, Trussardi, Krizia, Tod's, and Versace.
During these years of intense professional commitment, he began to develop his personal style, characterized by a poetic irony. His passion for art history led him to introduce a taste for balanced composition into photographs. His references are to Pop Art and Irving Penn's photographic work.
From 15 September 2020 to 5 March 2021, the MAXXI Museum in Rome presented the exhibition “Giovanni Gastel, The People I Like”.
Gastel died from COVID-19 in Milan on 13 March 2021, at the age of 65, during the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy.
# Anjir, Iran

Anjir (Persian: انجير, also Romanized as Anjīr) is a village in Gachi Rural District, Gachi District, Malekshahi County, Ilam Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 807, in 100 families. The village is populated by Kurds.
# Shulka

Shulka (Russian: Шулька; Bashkir: Шүлкә, Şülkä) is a rural locality (a khutor) in Itkulovsky 1st Selsoviet, Baymaksky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 181 as of 2010. There are 3 streets.

## Geography

Shulka is located 49 km northwest of Baymak (the district's administrative centre) by road. Nadezhdinsky is the nearest rural locality.
# Aşağıdöşemeler, Eğil

Aşağıdöşemeler (Kurdish: Ferşika) is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Eğil, Diyarbakır Province in Turkey. It is populated by Kurds and had a population of 360 in 2022.