OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Linden, Kaiserslautern

Linden is a municipality in the district of Kaiserslautern, in Rhineland-Palatinate, western Germany.

## Geography

The community is located on the edge of the biosphere reserve Palatinate Forest. Through Linden flows the Queidersbach, popularly also called Steinalb. Linden also includes the living spaces Ländler-Hof, Lindener Mühle and Weiherhof.

## History

The place was first mentioned in documents in 1363.
The village Linden belonged from the early 16th to the end of the 18th century to the so-called Grand Court of the rule Landstuhl, which was owned by the barons of Sickingen the line to Hohenburg.
In 1794, the left bank of the Rhine was occupied in the First Coalition War. From 1798 to 1814 Linden belonged to the canton Landstuhl in the department Donnersberg.
Due to the agreements made at the Congress of Vienna, the area first came to Austria in June 1815 and was ceded to the Kingdom of Bavaria in 1816 on the basis of the Treaty of Munich. Under the Bavarian administration Linden belonged from 1817 to the Landkommissariat Homburg in the Rhine district, from 1862 to the district office Homburg, moved in 1929 to the district office Kaiserslautern and belongs since 1939 to the district of Kaiserslautern.
After the Second World War, the community Linden within the French occupation zone was part of the administrative district Pfalz in the then newly formed state Rhineland-Palatinate.

### Population growth

The development of the population of Linden, the values from 1871 to 1987 are based on censuses:
| Year | Population | Year | Population |
| 1815 | 198 | 1961 | 1,100 |
| 1835 | 314 | 1970 | 1,268 |
| 1871 | 408 | 1987 | 1,206 |
| 1905 | 501 | 1997 | 1,321 |
| 1939 | 833 | 2005 | 1,194 |
| 1950 | 923 | 2017 | 1,145 |
# Arzano, Finistère

Arzano (French pronunciation:; Breton: An Arzhanaou) is a commune in the Finistère department in Brittany in northwestern France. It lies on the D22 road.

## Population

Inhabitants of Arzano are called Arzanois.
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| 1806 | 1,757 | — |
| 1821 | 1,834 | +0.29% |
| 1831 | 1,873 | +0.21% |
| 1836 | 1,957 | +0.88% |
| 1841 | 1,801 | −1.65% |
| 1846 | 1,917 | +1.26% |
| 1851 | 1,957 | +0.41% |
| 1856 | 1,874 | −0.86% |
| 1861 | 1,862 | −0.13% |
| 1866 | 1,877 | +0.16% |
| 1872 | 1,779 | −0.89% |
| 1876 | 1,861 | +1.13% |
| 1881 | 1,948 | +0.92% |
| 1886 | 1,952 | +0.04% |
| 1891 | 1,943 | −0.09% |
| 1896 | 1,948 | +0.05% |
| 1901 | 1,851 | −1.02% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| 1906 | 1,917 | +0.70% |
| 1911 | 1,941 | +0.25% |
| 1921 | 1,738 | −1.10% |
| 1926 | 1,839 | +1.14% |
| 1931 | 1,793 | −0.51% |
| 1936 | 1,676 | −1.34% |
| 1946 | 1,766 | +0.52% |
| 1954 | 1,524 | −1.83% |
| 1962 | 1,310 | −1.87% |
| 1968 | 1,206 | −1.37% |
| 1975 | 1,103 | −1.27% |
| 1982 | 1,113 | +0.13% |
| 1990 | 1,224 | +1.20% |
| 1999 | 1,324 | +0.88% |
| 2009 | 1,403 | +0.58% |
| 2014 | 1,385 | −0.26% |
| 2020 | 1,397 | +0.14% |
Source: EHESS and INSEE (1968-2020) :

## Geography

The village centre is located 9 km (5.6 mi) northeast of Quimperlé. Arzano belongs historically to Vannetais. The river Ellé forms the commune's western border and the river Scorff forms the commune's eastern border.

## Sights

The commune contains the ruins of the Château de La Roche-Moysan, Château de Kerlarec (19th century) and the 16th century Saint-Laurent church.
# Staroilikeyevo

Staroilikeyevo (Russian: Староиликеево; Bashkir: Иҫке Илекәй, İśke İlekäy) is a rural locality (a village) in Starobaltachevsky Selsoviet, Baltachevsky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 169 as of 2010. There are 4 streets.

## Geography

Staroilikeyevo is located 6 km north of Starobaltachevo (the district's administrative centre) by road. Starobaltachevo is the nearest rural locality.
# Berberis verruculosa

Berberis verruculosa, the warty barberry or warted barberry, is an evergreen shrub in the family Berberidaceae. It ranges in size from 1–2 m, and is native to western China (Gansu, Sichuan, Yunnan). It gets its common name from its "warty" stems, that have rounded, more or less identical, raised spots.
Berberis verruculosa is a shrub up to 100 cm tall, with yellow spines along the twigs. Leaves are 1.5–2 cm long, hard, leathery, glossy dark green above, vivid white below with stomatal wax; in cold winter weather, the leaves may turn purplish-green above on exposed shoots. The flowers are small, yellow, and mature into dark purple berries 6–10 mm long.

## Cultivation

Berberis verruculosa is cultivated in temperate climates as an ornamental plant, and grows well in any garden soil. It thrives in shade or partial shade. The plant has been awarded the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.
# Bandar-e Bostanu

Bandar-e Bostanu (Persian: بندربستانو, also Romanized as Bandar-e Bostānū; also known as Bastaneh, Bostāneh, Bostānū, Bustani, Būstānu, and Postānū) is a village in Behdasht Rural District, Kushk-e Nar District, Parsian County, Hormozgan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 642, in 119 families.
# Bürgermeista

Roland Bürger (born 1972(?)), better known as "Bürgermeista" is a German guitarist and founder of the band Bürgermeista & Die Gemeinderäte in 2010. "Bürgermeista" is Bavarian for Bürgermeister (mayor), "Gemeinderäte" are the members of a municipal council.

## Career

Bürger originally comes from Dorfen near Munich. He was known as a guitarist of several musical groups. In 2008 he wrote the song Locker macha (Bavarian dialect for "locker machen", ~ loosen up), recorded it together with colleagues as a reggae song. and sent it to several radio stations. In the summer of 2009, a radio personality of Radio Gong 96,3, a well-known local radio in Munich, played the song in his morning program, and afterwards at the request of listeners frequently in his radio show after June 23, 2009. The song became number one of the Reggae & Ska downloads on amazon.com. Soon other local radio stations noticed the song, and after Bürger got a record contract at 313music JWP. The song was recorded on video. On 21 August 2009 the song was published on CD, and entered in the Media Control Top100 Singles Charts. On 4 September 2009, during the Oktoberfest, the song climbed on place 39. Altogether the song was seven weeks on the charts.

## Discography
### Albums

* Gewählt (Bürgermeista & die Gemeinderäte, 2010)

### Singles

* Locker macha (2009)
* Guad (2009)
* Do reggae mi ned auf (Bürgermeista & die Gemeinderäte, 2010)
* Heid is da ois is ma Wurst-Dog (Bürgermeista & die Gemeinderäte, 2011)
# Finnish Wheelchair Curling Championship

The Finnish Wheelchair Curling Championship (Finnish: Pyörätuolicurlingin SM-kilpailut) is the national championship of wheelchair curling in Finland. It has been held annually since 2008 to 2013, organized by Finnish Curling Association (Finnish: Suomen Curlingliitto).

## List of champions and medallists

Teams line-up in order: skip/fourth, third, second, lead, alternate, coach; skips marked bold.
| Year | Champion | Runner-up | Bronze |
| 2008 | Panthera Team Jari Manni, Tuomo Aarnikka, Risto Kuronen, Seppo Pihnala | Team PT-keskus Vesa Kokko, Harri Haapala, Anneli Rämö, Riitta Särösalo | |
| 2009 | Panthera Team Tuomo Aarnikka, Jari Manni, Risto Kuronen, Seppo Pihnala | Lappi Kurlinki Sari Räsänen, Tarja Hänninen, Jorma Lehmus, Markku Karjalainen | Osattomat Vesa Hellman, Vesa Kokko, Riitta Särösalo, Anneli Rämö |
| 2010 | OCT Vesa Hellman, Vesa Kokko, Riitta Särösalo | Lappi Kurlinki Sari Räsänen, Tarja Hänninen, Vesa Leppänen, Markku Karjalainen | Panthera Team Tuomo Aarnikka, Risto Kuronen, Reijo Laakso, Jari Manni, alternate: Seppo Pihnala |
| 2011 | Osattomat Vesa Hellman, Riitta Särösalo, Vesa Kokko, Mikko Nuora | Lappi Kurlinki Markku Karjalainen, Sari Karjalainen, Vesa Leppänen | Sopur team Tuomo Aarnikka, Osku Kuutamo, Jussi Juntunen, Jorma Nieminen |
| 2012 | Osattomat Vesa Hellman, Mikko Nuora, Riitta Särösalo, Vesa Kokko | Panthera Team Tuomo Aarnikka, Seppo Pihnala, Jussi Juntunen | Lappi Kurlinki Markku Karjalainen, Vesa Leppänen, Sari Karjalainen |
| 2013 | Lappi Kurlinki Vesa Leppänen, Sari Karjalainen, Markku Karjalainen | Team Panthera Vesa Hellman, Seppo Pihnala, Mina Mojtahedi, Tuomo Aarnikka | Curling Club Lahti Pekka Nieminen, Pekka Pälsynaho, Yrjö Jääskeläinen |
# Horjul dialect

The Horjul dialect (Slovene: horjulsko narečje, horjulščina) is a Slovene dialect in the Rovte dialect group. It is spoken southwest of Ljubljana in the settlements of Horjul, Polhov Gradec, Log pri Brezovici, Vrhnika, Verd, Logatec, and Kalce.

## Phonological and morphological characteristics

The Horjul dialect mostly has pitch accent. It exhibits accentual retraction to ultra-short syllables. The diphthongs ie and ua are the result of newly accented formerly short vowels. There are two semivowels and extensive akanye in the dialect. Soft l is pronounced ľ and soft n as a nasalized j. The vowel i is frequent as a reflex of e or ə; the clusters tl and dl are preserved, but šč > š. The phoneme g has lenited to [ɦ]. Voicing contrast is preserved in final position. The dialect uses the short infinitive (without -i), and the verbal thematic vowel -i- has been replaced by -e-.
# Mysore Agarbathi

Mysore Agarbathi is a variety of incense sticks manufactured at Mysore using locally grown ingredients which was found only in state of Karnataka. This incense has been awarded a Geographical Indication tag from the Government of India in 2005, due to its historic background and remote availability of material used.

## History

The making of incense sticks, also called 'agarbathi' in Hindi, became an organised industry in Bangalore during the 1900s and was locally known as oodabathies (blowing fumes). The incense sticks were very simple to manufacture, as it was only a paste of natural ingredients mixed with charcoal and Gijit, and rolled on to bamboo sticks. The proportion of mixing was of main importance. The Maharaja of Mysore patronised the production and promotion of the incense sticks. When they were given a certificate of merit from the Wembley exhibition in London, the Kingdom of Mysore gave the incense sticks as gifts to foreign visitors and guests, to encourage exports to other countries.

## Method of manufacturing

Herbs, flowers, Essential oil, barks, roots, charcoal are finely grinded into smooth paste and then rolled on to a bamboo stick and then dried undersun, special wood like sandalwood, Ailanthus malabaricum which yields halmadi and other natural ingredients were geographically only available in Karnataka before which gives special geographical indications

## Geographical indication

The all India agarbhati association proposed the registration of Mysore Agarbathi under the Geographical Indications of Goods Act, 1999, to the Office of the Controller-General of Patents, Designs and Trademarks, Chennai, in order to make it exclusive the manufacturers of insence sticks who use only local available natural ingredients from the region to use the name Mysore. It was granted the Geographical Indication status, three years later, in 2005.
# Al Tappeh

Al Tappeh (Persian: التپه; also known as ‘Alī Tappeh and Tappeh) is a village in Kuhestan Rural District, in the Central District of Behshahr County, Mazandaran Province, Iran. At the 2016 census, its population was 1,930, in 605 families, up from 1,903 people in 2006.
# Morillon, Haute-Savoie

Morillon (French pronunciation: ; Arpitan: Morlyan) is a commune in the Haute-Savoie department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region in south-eastern France.
It is a popular summer and winter vacation destination. Morillon is great for families and holds the prestigious Famille Plus Montagne label for its excellent facilities for families and children.

## Ski

Morillon has a Poma télécabine that departs from just outside the village and links up to the Grand Massif ski area consisting of 265 km of ski runs over the five resorts of Morillon, Samoëns, Flaine, Les Carroz, and Sixt. Morillon is also the home ski area of the 2006 Winter Olympic's Downhill Gold Medalist Antoine Dénériaz. Above the village at Morillon 1100, also known as Les Esserts, there are many apartments benefiting from ski-in ski-out holiday options.
The Grand Massif ski area consists of 145 slopes: 18 green runs, 67 blue runs, 46 red runs and 14 black runs.

## Climate

Climate data for Morillon :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 3 (37) | 6 (43) | 10 (50) | 15 (59) | 18 (64) | 23 (73) | 25 (77) | 24 (75) | 21 (70) | 14 (57) | 8 (46) | 4 (39) | 15 (59) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −2 (28) | −1 (30) | 2 (36) | 6 (43) | 9 (48) | 13 (55) | 14 (57) | 14 (57) | 12 (54) | 7 (45) | 3 (37) | −1 (30) | 7 (45) |
| Source: Accuweather 2014 ||||||||||||||

## Miscellaneous

Morillon also has a small lake which is surrounded by numerous activities including an adventure park for children and adults alike ages 3+. Other sports include trampolining, volleyball and horse riding. White water rafting on the River Giffre, mountain biking, Canyoning, quad biking and tennis are available. Morillon and Samoëns are close together in the valley and share many activities.
Pinot noir from this region is commonly bottled under the Morillon label.
# Yeniışık, Yüksekova

Yeniışık (Kurdish: Kineriwî) is a village in the Yüksekova District of Hakkâri Province in Turkey. The village had a population of 398 in 2023.
The four hamlets of Alacık (Şatax), Basamak (Nêrdan), Mezraa and Olukbaşı (Hirçkusa jorî) are attached to Yeniışık.

## Population

Population history from 2007 to 2023:
# Paolo Quagliati

Paolo Quagliati (c. 1555 – 16 November 1628) was an Italian composer of the early Baroque era and a member of the Roman School of composers. He was a transitional figure between the late Renaissance style and the earliest Baroque and was one of the first to write solo madrigals in the conservative musical center of Rome.

## Life

Quagliati was born in Chioggia to an aristocratic family. Most of his life he spent in the service of various royal and aristocratic families. In 1594 he became a Roman citizen, and between 1605 and 1608 Quagliati was employed by Cardinal Odoardo Farnese. Most likely he was organist at Santa Maria Maggiore from around 1608 until his death. During that time he also served as organist for various formal occasions around the city, and eventually he became private chamberlain to Pope Gregory XV. Towards the end of his life he was much respected, if not renowned, by his fellow composers, as can be judged from dedications of collections of music to him; however, some of this may have been due less to the quality of his music than to his direct papal connections and immense influence.

## Works and style

Stylistically, Quagliati's music is clear, elegant, and he generally uses simple diatonic harmonies. Some of his books of madrigals are in two versions: one for singing by equal voice parts, in the old Renaissance style, and another in what he calls the "empty" style, for single voice with instrumental accompaniment. These were examples of the new Baroque style of monody, and he states as much in the preface to his 1608 publication: "I have decided to cater to both tastes." Quagliati was probably the first to publish solo madrigals in Rome, though monody in the form of solo madrigals had already existed for more than twenty years in northern Italy.
He wrote both sacred and secular vocal music, as well as some instrumental music. In his instrumental music, he makes little or no distinction between the style assigned to pieces with certain labels, such as ricercars or canzonas; this was an occasional practice at the time, and quite an annoying one to musicologists attempting to categorize music during this transitional period. Conventionally, a canzona around 1600 was a sectional instrumental piece, while a ricercar was a rather severe contrapuntal study, one of the ancestors of the fugue; the work of a few composers such as Quagliati make it necessary to qualify these terms as being of imprecise usage.
In 1606 he composed Il carro di fedeltà d'amore, which is considered the first secular 'azione scenica' in Rome.
Of his surviving larger-scale works, one of the most interesting is La sfera armoniosa, which includes no less than 25 separate sections, including vocal solos and duets, all with an accompanying violin part. Much of it is written in the concertato style imported from northern Italy, though it would have seemed tame to a Venetian composer. He wrote this large work for the wedding of the nephew of the pope to Isabella Gesualdo, daughter of the famously murderous composer Carlo Gesualdo.
# Pioneer Street

Pioneer Street is the continuation of Boni Avenue east of Epifanio de los Santos Avenue (EDSA) in eastern Metro Manila, Philippines. The street has four lanes for most of its course, beginning at the EDSA junction in Barangka Ilaya, Mandaluyong, where traffic emerges from the Boni Avenue tunnel, up to its easternmost point at the Shaw Boulevard junction at the boundary of barangays Kapitolyo and San Antonio in Pasig, adjacent to Ortigas Center. En route, it passes through the Robinsons Cybergate Complex, where Forum Robinsons is located, the United Laboratories plant, and Greenfield District, a mixed-use development south of Ortigas Center by the junction with Shaw Boulevard. Pioneer Street is also the location of several new condominium developments, call center sites and a few strip malls. It is served by Boni Station of the MRT-3 at EDSA.

## Route description

Pioneer Street begins at EDSA in Mandaluyong. In front of the former site of Forum Robinsons and the Cybergate complex, the street curves eastward. The section between Madison Street and Reliance Street is a one-way road for eastbound traffic.
The street soon enters the Pasig at Barangay Kapitolyo and finally terminates at the intersection with Shaw Boulevard. It continues to Barangay San Antonio as General Roxas Street.
# Vesyoloye, Kursk Oblast

Vesyoloye (Russian: Весёлое) is a village in western Russia, in Glushkovsky District of Kursk Oblast.

## Geography

The village is located in the basin of the river Vedima (left tributary of the Seym), 3.5 kilometres (2.2 mi) from the Russian-Ukrainian border, 124.00 kilometres (77.05 mi) southwest of Kursk, 8.00 kilometres (4.97 mi) southwest of the district centre — Glushkovo settlement.

## History
### Russian invasion of Ukraine

The settlement came under the control of the Armed Forces of Ukraine in September 2024 as part of the August 2024 Kursk Oblast incursion of the Russian invasion of Ukraine, and was regained by Russian forces by the end of the same month.
# HNLMS Van Galen

HNLMS Van Galen (Dutch: Hr.Ms. or Zr.Ms. Van Galen) may refer to following ships of the Royal Netherlands Navy:
* HNLMS Van Galen (1872), a wooden hulled corvette
* HNLMS Van Galen (1928), an Admiralen-class destroyer
* HNLMS Van Galen (G84), the ex-HMS Noble
* HNLMS Van Galen (F803), a Van Speijk-class frigate
* HNLMS Van Galen (F834), a Karel Doorman-class frigate
# Novoyanbayevo

Novoyanbayevo (Russian: Новоянбаево; Bashkir: Яңы Янбай, Yañı Yanbay) is a rural locality (a village) in Staroyanbayevsky Selsoviet, Baltachevsky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 2 as of 2010. There are 3 streets.

## Geography

Novoyanbayevo is located 36 km southeast of Starobaltachevo (the district's administrative centre) by road. Mishkino is the nearest rural locality.
# Bid Sukhteh, Razavi Khorasan

Bid Sukhteh (Persian: بيدسوخته, also Romanized as Bīd Sūkhteh) is a village in Golbibi Rural District, Marzdaran District, Sarakhs County, Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 59, in 15 families.
# Le Boulou

Le Boulou (French pronunciation: ; Catalan: El Voló) is a commune in the Pyrénées-Orientales department in southern France.
It is situated 12 km from the Spanish border.

## Geography
### Localisation

The town of Le Boulou is located in the canton of Vallespir-Albères and in the arrondissement of Céret, in the south of Pyrénées-Orientales.
vtePlaces adjacent to Le Boulou :
Passa
Tresserre
Saint-Jean-Pla-de-Corts
Le Boulou
Montesquieu-des-Albères
Maureillas-las-Illas
Les Cluses (by a quadripoint) :

## Toponymy

The name of the town in catalan is El Voló.

## History

In the 10th century, the territory of Le Boulou appears to be shared between the lord of Saint-Jean-Pla-de-Corts, lady Minimilla, and the church of Elne. Le Boulou is then ruled by the lords of Montesquieu from the 11th to the 14th centuries. It finally becomes part of the crown lands.
At the end of the 17th century, Bernard de Kennedy, following the court of James II of England in France, decides to settle in Le Boulou and receives French citizenship from Louis XIV of France. His grandson, Côme de Kennedy, is granted a title of lord of Le Boulou in 1755. Côme's son, Joseph de Kennedy is the running lord during the French Revolution. But his house is used as a headquarter by the Spanish general Antonio Ricardos during the first battle of Boulou in 1793. Accused of betrayal, Joseph de Kennedy is sent to the guillotine on 2 May 1794, on the next day after the second battle of Boulou.
In the 20th century Le Boulou was the site of a camp housing female Republican escapees from Spain at the end of the Spanish Civil War. It was opened as a clearing centre, but there was no shelter and most of the women and children were removed to other parts of France, along with some wounded soldiers. During the German occupation the spa at Le Boulou was a Gestapo headquarters.
* Old town Hall (1912)
* Church Sainte-Marie

## Government and politics
### Mayors

| Mayor | Term start | Term end |
| Marie-Rose Careras | 1987 | 1995 |
| Jean-Pierre Salgas | 1995 | 2008 |
| Christian Olive | 2008 | 2014 |
| Nicole Villard-Schlatter | 2014 | 2020 |
| François Comes | 2020 | |
# Hawes & Curtis

Hawes & Curtis is a British fashion company founded in 1913, currently operating 29 stores in the United Kingdom including two in Jermyn Street, London. The brand is best known for their shirts and jackets.

## History

The company was founded by two tailors, Ralph Hawes and George Frederic "Freddie" Curtis, who opened the first store in Piccadilly Arcade, at the corner of Jermyn Street, in London in 1913.
On 1 December 1922, Hawes & Curtis Hosiers was granted a royal warrant by the then Prince of Wales (the future King Edward VIII and Duke of Windsor). In July 1938, King George VI awarded the company a second royal warrant, and then, in 1948, a third one to Hawes & Curtis Tailors. This warrant lasted throughout the King's reign. In 1957, the Duke of Edinburgh awarded Hawes & Curtis with a fourth Royal Warrant which remained until 1985.
Businessman Touker Suleyman acquired the company under the group Low Profile Holdings in 2002 for the symbolic amount of £1.

## Designers' legacy

Hawes & Curtis are known for introducing the backless evening waistcoat. It was an innovation of the ‘dress soft’ era popularised by the Duke of Windsor. The waistcoat was designed without a back and held in place by means of bands, fastened with a buckle or button across the back at the waistline. When worn, the waistcoat always remained in position under the tailcoat and was renowned for its comfort. Fred Astaire allegedly approached Hawes & Curtis to have one made, only to be regretfully refused due to the high demand for such garments from the British aristocracy.
According to the Review of Savile Row Tailors, by the 1930s, "Mr Curtis was an authority in evening dress and had done more to keep shirts from bulging out of up-creeping waistcoats than any other young man in London. Evening shirts and waistcoats were made on scientific mathematical lines – yet were chic withal."

## Notable customers

Notable customers have included Cary Grant, the Duke of Windsor, Earl Mountbatten Frank Sinatra, and Fred Astaire.

## Today

The company celebrated its 100th anniversary in October 2013. It currently operates 29 stores in the United Kingdom, with the main store on Jermyn Street. Hawes & Curtis also has a store in Cologne, Germany, and the UAE. The company operates a British, German and Australian website.