OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Hawaii Emergency Management Agency

The Hawaii Emergency Management Agency (HI-EMA) is the body responsible for managing emergencies in the United States State of Hawaii.
The director is Major General Stephen Logan and the administrator is James Barros.
The agency employs roughly 70 personnel focused on emergency management duties. HI-EMA manages a full lifecycle of disasters - Mitigation, Preparedness, Response, and recovery. Most disasters, and all major disasters involve these phases.
On January 13, 2018, the Agency received worldwide attention when one of its employees accidentally broadcast a ballistic missile alert to all the citizens of Hawaii, which, at the height of American nuclear tensions with North Korea, caused a statewide panic.
Prior to hurricane season, the agency organizes Makani Pahili.
# Yi Sang Sul

Sangsul Yi (Korean: 이상설; December 7, 1870 – April 1, 1917), also known as Yi Sang-seol, was a Korean civil servant and independence activist.

## Biography

Sangsul Yi was born on December 7, 1870, in Jincheon, Chungcheong, Joseon. His biological father was Yi Haeng-u. He was famous for his brightness, so in 1876, at the age of 7, he was adopted into Yi Yong-u's family and he relocated to Seoul. In 1896, he became a professor of Seonggyungwan.
In 1904, when the Empire of Japan demanded the reclamation right of wasteland, he made an appeal to the king to refuse that. In 1905, at that time of Japan–Korea Treaty of 1905, he made an appeal to the king to oppose the treaty and execute the Five Eulsa Traitors times. However, he left office and attempted suicide.
From then on, he take the initiative in restoring national right and patriotic enlightenment movement. In 1907 he and his compatriots Yi Tjoune and Tjyongoui Yi were delegated by Emperor Gojong to attend the Second Hague Peace Conference in The Hague. He was commissioned to announce to the international community that Korea was an independent state and that the Japanese invasion was unlawful. The trio traveled for two months on the Trans-Siberian Railway to The Hague.
The Korean delegation was not officially invited, although the Netherlands initially had planned. However, the Japanese government was able to step in and succeeded in convincing the other delegates of the conference not to let Korea participate. The mission had already failed. However, the three Koreans succeeded in receiving worldwide attention due to a press conference and receiving attention in an independent newspaper which covered the Peace Conference. The direct result of their mission was that the Korean Emperor, Gojong was forced to resign in favor of his son Sunjong. In 1910, Yi founded 13 douigun (13도의군), troops against Empire of Japan, with Yoo In-seok, Yi Beom-yun, Yi Nam-gi to united loyal troops and deploy more effective war against Japan. In 1917, at the age of 47, he died in Ussuriysk (at that time, name was Nikolsk). He left a will, and the contents of the will were to burn his body and keepsakes and don't perform ancestral rites. As per his will, he and his library was burnt.

## Legacy

In 1962, Government of South Korea conferred Order of Merit for National Foundation (Order of the President) in Yi to honor his meritorious deeds.
# Opteni

Opteni (Russian: Оптени) is a rural locality (a village) in Klimovsky District, Bryansk Oblast, Russia. The population was 15 as of 2010. There is 1 street.

## Geography

Opteni is located 21 km south of Klimovo (the district's administrative centre) by road.
# Malaya Kuonamka

The Malaya Kuonamka (Russian: Малая Куонамка; Yakut: Кыра Куонамка, Kıra Kuonamka) is a river in Yakutia (Sakha Republic), Russia. It is a right tributary of the Anabar with a length of 457 kilometres (284 mi). Its drainage basin area is 24,800 square kilometres (9,600 sq mi).
The river flows north of the Arctic Circle, in the northern limits of the Central Siberian Plateau and the North Siberian Lowland. The area is very cold and desolate, devoid of settlements.
The Kuonamka Formation is a Cambrian large igneous province in the northeastern Siberian platform.

## Course

The Malaya Kuonamka "Little Kuonamka" is the second largest tributary of the Anabar. The river has its source in an elevated swamp at an altitude of 375 m (1,230 ft) in the eastern side of the Anabar Plateau. Together with the 559 km (347 mi) long Bolshaya Kuonamka "Big Kuonamka" to the west, it is one of the two rivers that form the Anabar at their confluence. In their last stretch both rivers flow roughly northwards. Finally they meet where the Anabar river proper begins, 380 km (240 mi) from its mouth in the Laptev Sea.
The river is fed by rain and snow. It is frozen between late September and late May. The longest tributaries are the 223 kilometres (139 mi) long Usumuun (Усумуун), the 217 kilometres (135 mi) long Delinde (Дьэлиндэ), as well as the 198 kilometres (123 mi) long Maspaaki (Маспаакы) from the right.
| Basin of the Anabar. | A reconstruction of the Siberian “Orsten” Tardigrade, from the Cambrian Kuonamka Formation. |

## Fauna

The main fish species in the river are grayling, taimen and whitefish.
# Stambha

A stambha (Sanskrit: स्तम्भ, romanized: stambha) is a pillar or a column employed in Indian architecture. A stambha sometimes bears inscriptions and religious emblems.

## Religion

In Hindu mythology, a stambha is believed to be a cosmic column that functions as a bond, joining heaven (Svarga) and earth (Prithvi). A number of Hindu scriptures, including the Atharva Veda, feature references to stambhas. In the Atharva Veda, a celestial stambha has been described as an infinite scaffold, which supports the cosmos and material creation.
In the legend of Narasimha, an avatara of Vishnu, the deity appears from a stambha to slay the asura Hiranyakashipu. The stambha has been interpreted to represent the axis mundi in this myth by Deborah A. Soifer.

## Architecture

Stambhas are popularly employed in Indian architecture. Different stambhas serve different purposes, including the following:
* A dhvaja stambha (flagstaff tower) is placed opposite the main shrine, on an axis with the main deity.
* A kirti stambha (glorious tower) and vijaya stambha (victory tower) are erected to commemorate victories.
* The most well-known stambhas of India are the Ashoka Stambha (Pillars of Ashoka) — erected during the reign of Ashoka, spread across the subcontinent, bearing different types of royal edicts.
* The Adi Purana — a huge manastambha — stands in front of the samavasarana of the tirthankaras, which is regarded to causes entrants to a samavasarana to shed their pride.

## Gallery

* Vijay Stambha at Chittorgarh fort
* Kirti Stambha of Hutheesing Jain Temple
* Ashoka Pillar
* The stambha of Parshwanath Jain Mandir, Belgachhiya
# Dednik

Dednik (pronounced) is a small settlement below Dednik Hill on the Rute Plateau (Slovene: Rutarska planota) in the hills west of Velike Lašče in central Slovenia. The area is part of the traditional region of Lower Carniola and is now included in the Central Slovenia Statistical Region.
# Al-Abbas

al-Abbas (no: اَلْعَبَّاسُ, lit. 'al-ʿAbbās') or Abbas is an Arabic name that goes back to al-Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib, an uncle of the Islamic prophet Muhammad.
al-Abbas may refer to:
* al-Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib (c. 566–653), a paternal uncle and companion of the Islamic prophet Muhammad; forefather of the Abbasids.
* al-Abbas ibn Ali (c. 647–680), a son of Ali ibn Abi Talib.
* al-Abbas ibn al-Walid (died 750), an Umayyad prince and General, the son of caliph al-Walid I. He fought in the Arab–Byzantine wars of the early 8th century.
* al-Abbas ibn al-Ma'mun (died 838), an Abbasid prince and general, the son of caliph al-Ma'mun. He fought in the Arab–Byzantine wars of the 9th century.
* al-Abbas ibn Musa (died 815), a member of the Abbasid Cadet branch. He held various posts in the Abbasid Empire during the late eighth and early ninth centuries.
* al-Abbas ibn al-Hadi, son of the Abbasid caliph al-Hadi (r. 785–786).
* al-Abbas ibn al-Mu'tamid, son of the Abbasid caliph al-Mu'tamid (r. 870–892).
* al-Abbas ibn al-Mu'tadid, son of the Abbasid caliph al-Mu'tadid (r. 892–902).
* al-Abbas ibn al-Radi, son of the Abbasid caliph al-Radi (r. 934–940).
# Lotte and the Lost Dragons

Lotte and the Lost Dragons (Estonian: Lotte ja kadunud lohed) is a 2019 Estonian-Latvian animated film directed by Janno Põldma and Heiki Ernits (who is also head animator), in a co-production between Joonis Films and Rija Films. It is the fourth film in the Lotte film series (third to be released theatrically), following the titular character.
Funded by the Estonian Film Institute with support from the Creative Europe MEDIA Programme, the film was completed for the 100th Anniversary of the Estonian Republic, and had its world premiere at the 69th Berlin International Film Festival on 6 February 2019. The film stars Evelin Pang as Lotte, with the voices of Helmi Tulev, Mait Malmsten, Elina Reinold and Sepo Seeman.

## Synopsis

Lotte gets a little sister named Roosi, and Karl the raccoon and Viktor the fish are scientists who come to Gadgetville, in order to take part in a big folk-song collecting competition. Whoever succeeds in recording the folk song of the world's oldest animal species, the mythical fire-breathing dragon, will win the competition's grand prize. Lotte and Roosi decide to help the scientists win the competition.

## Release

The film was released theatrically in Estonia on 2 January 2019, and had its world premiere at the 69th Berlin International Film Festival on 6 February 2019. It was a box office hit in Estonia, receiving 64,000 admissions amounting to a gross of €310,000 within its first month of release.

### Accolades

Lotte and the Lost Dragons was nominated for Best Animated Feature at the 2019 Shanghai International Film Festival.

## Cast

| Character | Estonian voice actor |
| Lotte | Evelin Võigemast |
| Roosi | Helmi Tulev |
| Karl | Mait Malmsten |
| Viktor | Elina Reinold |
| Adalbert | Sepo Seeman |
| Sonja | Anu Lamp |
| Giovanni | Andero Ermel |
| Adalbert | Peeter Oja |
| Giovanni | Andero Ermel |
| Ave | Aita Vaher |
| Oskar | Karmo Nigula |
| Anna | Harriet Toompere |
| John | Peeter Tammearu |
| James | Rein Oja |
| Eduard | Ain Lutsepp |
| Tom | Markus Habakukk |
| Roberto | Roman Baskin |
| Linda | Hana Kivi |
| Peeter | Kristjan Laas |
| Aksel | Hannes Kaljujärv |
| Solveig | Ingrid Noodla |
| Lisbet | Triinu Paabut |
| Harald | Margus Tabor |
| Juta | Ingrid Kivirähk |
| Kalmer | Egon Nuter |
| Gudrun | Anne Reemann |
| Sigrun | Ülle Kaljuste |
| Svennur | Tõnu Oja |
| Inger | Piret Kalda |
| Herman | Mait Joorits |
| Hilde | Garmen Tabor |
| Manivald | Margus Mikomägi |
# S4M

The S4M (Russian: С4М) was a Soviet special service pistol. It was a simple break-open, two-shot derringer, but the unique features came from its specialized ammunition, designed around a cut-down version of the 7.62×39mm rounds used in the Soviet AK-47. The casings of the round contained a piston-like plunger between the bullet and the powder that would move forward inside the casing when fired. The piston would push the round down the barrel and plug the end of the casing, completely sealing off any explosive gases in the casing. This, combined with the inherently low-velocity round resulted in a truly silent pistol. The nature of the gun and ammunition led to it being wildly inaccurate outside of point-blank range. To add further confusion and throw possible suspicion away from the assassin, the barrel rifling was designed to affect the bullet in such a way that ballistics experts would not only conclude that the round was fired from an AK-47, but that the round was fired from several hundred feet away.
Due to the politically devastating nature inherent in this design, the S4M was kept highly secret. Information on the pistol was not known by western governments until well after the end of the Cold War.
The S4M was succeeded by a less powerful, but otherwise fairly similar, MSP using the newer SP-3 ammunition in 7.62×39mm, which also used in the NRS knife.
# MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis

The MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis is a Medical Research Council funded research centre at Imperial College London and a WHO collaborating centre. It is part of the Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology at School of Public Health within the Imperial College Faculty of Medicine. Neil Ferguson is the director of the centre, along with four associate directors: Christl Donnelly, Azra Ghani, Nicholas Grassly, and Timothy Hallett. The centre also collaborates UK Health Protection Agency, and the US Centre for Disease Control. The centre's main research areas are disease outbreak analysis and modelling, vaccines, global health analytics, antimicrobial resistance, and developing methods and tools for studying these areas.

## History

The centre was previously called the MRC Centre for Outbreak Analysis and Modelling. It has also been referred to as the MRC Center for Outbreak Analysis and Modeling Its founding was confirmed in March 2007, with Imperial College London hosting the center with funding from the Medical Research Council (MRC).
In 2016, Neil Ferguson was serving as director of the MRC Center for Outbreak Analysis and Modeling. That year he was lead author on a paper concerning Zika. Published in Science, Ferguson's research suggested the outbreak in South America was undergoing a sharp decline, and would "burn itself out" within a year or 18 months. In 2016, Ferguson published a study in September 2016 raising concerns that wrong implementation of the newly licensed dengue virus vaccine Dengvaxia could increase the number of cases of the disease.

### COVID-19 pandemic response

The centre—together with the Jameel Institute for Disease and Emergency Analytics—formed the COVID-19 Response Team in respond to the COVID-19 pandemic. On 16 March 2020 the team produced a research forecast of various scenarios for spread of the disease in the United Kingdom and the United States. Without any mitigation their forecast showed local health care capabilities vastly overwhelmed by the epidemic wave. Periodic cycles of quarantine followed by softer social distancing were recommended, with quarantines in effect two thirds of the time. On 30 March, a study on 11 European countries was published. It provided estimates of the situation as of 28 March (observed and modelised with CovidSim), and projections for 31 March given current expectations, no action, and the difference. It also provided a list of government policies and their respective absolute dates. As of March 2021, the COVID-19 Response Team has produced 43 reports.
# Nikolai Orlov (pianist)

Nikolai Andreyevich Orlov (Russian: Николай Андреевич Орлов; 26 February (J: 14 February) 1892 in Yelets, Oryol Governorate, Russian Empire – 31 May 1964 in Grantown-on-Spey, Scotland, United Kingdom) was a Russian pianist who was appreciated especially for his interpretations of Frédéric Chopin.
Nikolai Orlov studied piano at Moscow and graduated from Moscow Conservatory on 1910. He also studied privately composition and counterpoint with Sergei Taneyev. His first public concert was held in 1912, and he gave the première of the first piano concerto of Alexander Glazunov in the same year.
Orlov worked as teacher in Moscow in 1913–1921 and then moved to West. He made several successful concert tours around the world, and in 1948 he settled in Grantown-on-Spey in Scotland.
# Anton Möller

Anton Möller (1563 – January 1611) was a painter and draughtsman from the Holy Roman Empire.

## Biography

Möller was born in Königsberg. On 22 April 1578, at the age of 15, he began a seven-year apprenticeship. During this time he frequently copied works by Albrecht Dürer. Reviewing stylistic changes in his works, it is presumed that in the years 1585 - 1587 he travelled to Prussia, Germany and probably to the Netherlands. Previously suggested artistic journey to Italy (especially Venice) has no grounds.
He primarily painted allegorical, historical and biblical scenes and portraits. He also produced a number of woodcuts. He created ceiling, wall and panel paintings for town halls and churches, portraits for private clients, as well as engravings, woodcuts, and pen-and-ink drawings.
Close in time to the completion of the wing-altar of the Katharinenkirche (St Catherine's Church, Gdańsk), Möller died in Danzig (Gdańsk) in 1611. His tomb is located in Oliwa Cathedral in Gdańsk.
# Khazalabad

Khazalabad (Persian: خزعل اباد, also Romanized as Khaz‘alābād; also known as Bahmanbār) is a village in Minubar Rural District, Arvandkenar District, Abadan County, Khuzestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 612, in 128 families.
# Ras Bar Balla

Ras Bar Balla (Somali: Raas Bar Balla) is a historic town in the southern Lower Juba region of Somalia.

## Overview

An ancient area of occupation, Ras Bar Balla is situated on a small promontory. The settlement contains two tombs: one decorated with rectangular panels, the other plain in design. Today, it is mainly used as a resting place for Somali herders and their flock. It is believed to date back to the powerful Ajuran Empire.
# Usama bin Abdullah Khayyat

Usama bin Abdullah Khayyat (Arabic: أسامة بن عبد الله خياط), born in 1956 in Mecca, is a Saudi Islamic scholar, imam and preacher. He is among the current imams of Masjid al-Haram.

## Life
### Birth

Khayyat was born on 12 February 1956 (corresponding to 1 Rajab 1375 AH), in Mecca, Saudi Arabia.

### Education

He obtained Ph.D. from the College of Sharia and Islamic Studies at Umm Al-Qura University in Mecca, in 1988 (1408 AH). The Ph.D. thesis was entitled Arabic: الحافظ العراقي وكتابه التقييد والإيضاح, lit. '(Al-Hafiz Al-Iraqi and his book Al-Taqeed and Al-Idah)'.

## Works assigned to him

* He was appointed as a teaching assistant in the Department of Islamic Sharia, College of Sharia and Islamic Studies, Umm Al-Qura University in 1979 (corresponding to 1399 AH).
* He was appointed as a lecturer in the Department of Islamic Sharia at the same college in 1983 (1403 AH).
* He was appointed as an assistant professor in the Department of the Book and Sunnah at the College of Da’wah and Fundamentals of Religion at Umm Al-Qura University in 1988 (1409 AH).
* He was elected as the head of the Department of the Book and Sunnah at the College of Da'wah for three consecutive terms.
* He was appointed as a teacher in the Grand Mosque by royal order, and taught the two Sahihs, the sciences of hadith, the Wasitiyyah creed, the Muwatta of Imam Malik, “Al-Muntaqa” by Imam Ibn Al-Jarud, and the Tafsir of Imam Al-Baghawi.
* He was elected as a member of the Shura Council in its first session in 1414 AH, by royal order.
* He was appointed as an imam and preacher for one of the mosques in Mecca, pursuant to a decision by the Minister of Hajj and Auqaf.
* He was appointed Imam and preacher of the Masjid al-Haram by royal decree in 1998 (1418 AH).
* He was appointed as a member of the Constituent Council of the Muslim World League in Mecca in 1998 (1418 AH), based on the nomination of the former chairman of the council, Sheikh Abdul Aziz bin Baz, and the Secretary-General of the Muslim World League.
* He worked as assistant secretary-general of the scientific miracles in the Qur’an and Sunnah Authority at the Muslim World League for a period of nearly two years.
# Kuwabara kuwabara

"Kuwabara kuwabara" (桑原桑原) is a phrase used in the Japanese language to ward off lightning. It is analogous to the English phrase "knock on wood" to prevent bad luck or "rain rain go away".
The word kuwabara literally means "mulberry field". According to one explanation, there is a Chinese legend that mulberry trees are not struck by lightning. In contrast, journalist Moku Jōya asserts that the "origin of kuwabara is not definitely known, but it has nothing to do with mulberry plants, though it means 'mulberry fields'."

## In folklore

In the 9th century, there was a Japanese aristocrat called Sugawara no Michizane. Sugawara Michizane, who died bearing a heavy grudge after being trapped and exiled to Kyushu, threw his fierce anger in the form of his thunderbolts as a god of lightning. In 930, Seiryoden of the court was struck by a large thunderbolt. The master of onmyo said that this misfortune was the work of the vengeful spirit of Michizane. Those who trapped Michizane trembled with fear and tried to placate the curse by dedicating a prayer to his vengeful ghost, thus leading to the construction of Kitano Shrine.
The land that Michizane owned was known as Kuwabara, so people thought it would be a good idea to claim the land he/she was standing on was a part of Kuwabara, so that Michizane would be hesitant to strike his own people. People of such an era chanted "Kuwabara, Kuwabara" when they heard the rumble of thunder as a method of reminding Michizane not to strike them. This saying often appears in the literature of the Heian period, with elements such as "Tsureduregusa", a spell to cast away thunder. The very people living in Kuwabara at that time relied on the Kuwabara spell and the land of Kuwabara is said to have remained unharmed by lightning for that reason.
# Tomasz Kasprzik

Tomasz Kasprzik (born 2 January 1993) is a Polish footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for ŁTS Łabędy. His brother Grzegorz was also a goalkeeper.

## Career
### Club

In the summer of 2010, he was loaned to Olimpia Elbląg.
In January 2011, he was loaned to LZS Leśnica on a half-year deal.

### International

He was a part of Poland national under-18 team.

## Honours

ŁTS Łabędy
* Klasa A Zabrze: 2018–19
# Johann Tobias Lowitz

Johann Tobias Lowitz (Russian: Товий Егорович Ловиц, romanized: Tovy Yegorovich Lovits; 25 April 1757 – 7 December 1804) was a German-Russian chemist and pharmacist. He was among the first to notice the clarification of liquids by the use of charcoal for adsorption and applied it for a range of applications.

## Biography

Lowitz was born in Göttingen to the mathematician and cartographer Georg Moritz (1722–74) and Dorothea née Riepenhausen (1723–65). In 1767 he moved to St Petersburg along with his father and joined the expedition to the Caspian region during which he and his father were captured by a band of rebels who hanged his father. Lowitz escaped and after returning, studied at the St. Petersburg Gymnasium and became an assistant at the court pharmacy. He went to Göttingen to study pharmacy from 1780 and from 1783 he began to make a journey on foot to St. Petersburg and returned to work at the court pharmacy in 1784. He conducted experiments in chemistry and in 1785 he developed methods to produce pure tartaric acid using charcoal. He examined the use of charcoal for purification of water. He supported the phlogiston theory. He examined crystallization from supersaturated and supercooled solutions, noting the application of seed crystals. In 1787 he replaced Mikhail Lomonosov at the Imperial Academy of Sciences and in 1793 he became professor of chemistry.
Lowitz described halos or arcs around the sun which are tangential to the 22° halo and curve outwards on either side of it. These have been terms as Lowitz arcs, the optical mechanics of its formation are debated.