OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Kazemabad

Kazemabad or Kazimabad or Kazmabad (Persian: كاظم آباد) may refer to:

## Azerbaijan

* Kazımabad, a municipality in Azerbaijan

## Iran
### Alborz Province

* Kazemabad, Alborz, a village in Nazarabad County

### Ardabil Province

* Kazemabad, Ardabil, a village in Meshgin Shahr County

### Fars Province

* Kazemabad, Darab, a village in Darab County
* Kazemabad, Fasa, a village in Fasa County
* Kazemabad, Sepidan, a village in Sepidan County

### Gilan Province

* Kazemabad, Gilan, a village in Shaft County

### Kerman Province

* Kazemabad, Kerman, a city in Kerman County
* Kazemabad, Bezenjan, a village in Baft County
* Kazemabad, Dashtab, a village in Baft County
* Kazemabad, Fahraj, a village in Fahraj County
* Kazemabad, Shahdad, a village in Kerman County
* Kazemabad, Rafsanjan, a village in Rafsanjan County
* Kazemabad, Kabutar Khan, a village in Rafsanjan County
* Kazemabad, Zeydabad, a village in Sirjan County

### Kurdistan Province

* Kazemabad, Kamyaran, a village in Kamyaran County
* Kazemabad, Qorveh, a village in Qorveh County

### Lorestan Province

* Kazemabad, Aligudarz, a village in Aligudarz County
* Kazemabad, Mirbag-e Jonubi, a village in Delfan County
* Kazemabad, Mirbag-e Shomali, a village in Delfan County
* Kazemabad, Nurabad, a village in Delfan County
* Kazemabad, Kuhdasht, a village in Kuhdasht County
* Kazemabad, Selseleh, a village in Selseleh County
* Kazemabad, alternate name of Aliabad-e Bar Anazar, a village in Selseleh County

### Markazi Province

* Kazemabad, Farahan, a village in Farahan County
* Kazemabad, Khomeyn, a village in Khomeyn County
* Kazemabad, Saveh, a village in Saveh County

### Mazandaran Province

* Kazemabad, Mazandaran, a village in Tonekabon County

### Razavi Khorasan Province

* Kazemabad, Bardaskan, a village in Bardaskan County
* Kazemabad, Mashhad, a village in Mashhad County
* Kazemabad-e Panjshanbeh, a village in Mashhad County
* Kazemabad, Nishapur, a village in Nishapur County
* Kazemabad, Zeberkhan, a village in Nishapur County
* Kazemabad, Rashtkhvar, a village in Rashtkhvar County

### South Khorasan Province

* Kazemabad, South Khorasan, a village in Tabas County

### Tehran Province

* Kazemabad, Tehran, a village in Robat Karim County
# Daniel Granstedt

Daniel (Schou) Granstedt, guitarist and member of the Swedish metal band Headplate. He has also co-produced, mixed and recorded all their three albums. And also worked with Hardcore Superstar, Brassmonkey and Absent among others.

## Discography

* 1998: Brassmonkey - Brassmonkey — engineering
* 1998: Hardcore Superstar - It's Only Rock'n'Roll — engineering
* 2000: Headplate - Bullsized — guitars, engineering, mixing, production
* 2002: Headplate - Delicate — guitars, engineering, mixing, production
* 2003: Headplate - Pieces — guitars, engineering, mixing, production
* 2006: Absent - Euphoria — engineering, mixing, production
* 2012: Red Bled The Sun - I — engineering, mixing, production
* 2012: Headplate - 12-12-12 — engineering, mixing, mastering, production
* 2013: Benevolent - The Wave — engineering, mixing, production
# Adam Nowicki

Adam Nowicki (born 24 August 1990) is a Polish long-distance runner. In 2020, he competed in the men's race at the 2020 World Athletics Half Marathon Championships held in Gdynia, Poland.
# Matveyevo, Vytegorsky District, Vologda Oblast

Matveyevo (Russian: Матвеево) is a rural locality (a village) in Kemskoye Rural Settlement, Vytegorsky District, Vologda Oblast, Russia. The population was 3 as of 2002.

## Geography

Matveyevo is located 100 km southeast of Vytegra (the district's administrative centre) by road. Yelinskaya is the nearest rural locality.
# Ben Brown (musician)

Benjamin Franklin Brown (born August 25, 1952, Opa-Locka, Florida) is an American jazz double-bassist.
Brown grew up in a musical family and initially learned piano before switching to guitar. He played briefly as a guitarist early in his professional career before studying bass formally at Miami Dade Junior College and the University of Miami, graduating in 1974. While a student, he played in the Miami Philharmonic Orchestra and was the bassist in the house band for a Miami jazz club, where he played behind touring musicians such as Mose Allison, Barney Kessel, and Sonny Stitt. After he finished his degree he worked with Al Gafa, Lou Rawls, Buddy Rich, Dizzy Gillespie, and Al Haig. He also began a longtime association with Rodney Jones, with whom he would work into the 1990s. In the early 1980s he played bass for Broadway musicals and played behind Tony Bennett and Lena Horne. In 1985 he began playing with Jimmy Heath; the pair collaborated into the early 1990s. He toured with Gregory Hines in 1987 and worked with Walter Bishop, Jr. near the end of the decade, including on a tour of Japan. He played with the Broadway shows Jelly's Last Jam and Bring in 'da Noise, Bring in 'da Funk in the early 1990s, and played in that decade with Ruth Brown, Al Grey, Harry Edison, Mike Longo, and Carol Sloane.
Brown has also worked as an educator, teaching at Queens College (1995-1997).
# List of honorary degrees

This list of honorary degrees lists all honorary degrees, including honorary doctorates.

## Honorary Bachelor's degrees

| Name | Post-nominal |
| Bachelor of the University | B.Univ. |
| Honorary Bachelor of Arts | Hon. B.A. |
| Honorary Bachelor of Education | Hon. B.Ed. |
| Honorary Bachelor of Science | Hon. B.S. |

## Honorary Master's degrees

| Name | Post-nominal |
| Honorary Master of Arts | Hon. M.A. |
| Honorary Master of Science | Hon. M.Sc. |
| Master of the University | M.Univ. |

## Honorary doctorates

| Name | Post-nominal |
| Doctor Honoris Causa | Dr.h.c. |
| Doctor of the University | D.Univ. |
| Honorary Doctor of Arts | Hon. D.A. |
| Honorary Doctor of Arts and Humane Letters | Hon. D.A.H. |
| Honorary Doctor of Business | Hon. D.B. |
| Honorary Doctor of Dental Surgery | Hon. D.D.S. |
| Honorary Doctor of Divinity | Hon. D.D. |
| Honorary Doctor of Fine Arts | Hon. D.F.A. |
| Honorary Doctor of Humane Letters | Hon. D.H.L. |
| Honorary Doctor of Laws | Hon. LL.D. |
| Honorary Doctor of Letters | Hon. Litt.D. |
| Honorary Doctor of Liberal Arts | Hon. D.L.A. |
| Honorary Doctor of Mathematics | Hon. D.Math. |
| Honorary Doctor of Medicine | Hon. M.D. |
| Honorary Doctor of Music | Hon. Mus.D. |
| Honorary Doctor of Science | Hon. Sc.D. |
| Honorary Doctor of Veterinary Medicine | Hon. D.Vet.Med. |
# Valerie Welsh

Valerie Welsh (born April 14, 1988) was a Canadian synchronized swimmer.

## Career

Welsh won a gold at the 2011 Pan American Games in the team event. She competed in the women's team event at the 2012 Summer Olympics, finishing fourth. Welsh retired from synchronized swimming after the 2012 Olympics.
# Orveh-ye Sofla

Orveh-ye Sofla (Persian: عروه سفلي, also Romanized as ‘Orveh-ye Soflá) is a village in Olya Tayeb Rural District, in the Central District of Landeh County, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 54, in 13 families.
# Later Shu

Shu, referred to as Later Shu (traditional Chinese: 後蜀; simplified Chinese: 后蜀; pinyin: Hòu Shǔ) and Meng Shu (Chinese: 孟蜀) in historiography, was a dynastic state of China and one of the Ten Kingdoms during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period. It was located in present-day Sichuan with its capital in Chengdu and lasted from 934 to 965.

## Rulers

| Temple name | Posthumous name | Family name and given name | Reign | Era names and their corresponding years |
| 高祖 | Emperor Wénwǔ Shèngdé Yīngliè Míngxiào (文武聖德英烈明孝皇帝) | Mèng Zhīxíang (孟知祥) | 934 | Míngdé (明德) 934 |
| 後主 | Prince Gongxiao of Chu (楚恭孝王) | Mèng Chǎng (孟昶) | 934–965 | Míngdé (明德) 934–938 Guǎngzhèng (廣政) 938–965 |

## Rulers family tree

Later Shu :
Li Keyong 李克用 856–908 :
| Lady Li d.932 | Lady Li d.932 | Meng Zhixiang 孟知祥 874–934 Gaozu 高祖 934 | Meng Zhixiang 孟知祥 874–934 Gaozu 高祖 934 | Empress Dowager Li 李太后 d.965 | Empress Dowager Li 李太后 d.965 | Empress Dowager Li 李太后 d.965 | Empress Dowager Li 李太后 d.965 | Empress Dowager Li 李太后 d.965 | Empress Dowager Li 李太后 d.965 |
| | | | | | | | | | | Meng Chang 孟昶 919–965 Houzhu 后主 934–965 | Meng Chang 孟昶 919–965 Houzhu 后主 934–965 | Meng Chang 孟昶 919–965 Houzhu 后主 934–965 | Meng Chang 孟昶 919–965 Houzhu 后主 934–965 | Meng Chang 孟昶 919–965 Houzhu 后主 934–965 | Meng Chang 孟昶 919–965 Houzhu 后主 934–965 | Consort Xu 徐惠妃 c.940–976 Madame Huarui 花蕊夫人 | Consort Xu 徐惠妃 c.940–976 Madame Huarui 花蕊夫人 | Consort Xu 徐惠妃 c.940–976 Madame Huarui 花蕊夫人 | Consort Xu 徐惠妃 c.940–976 Madame Huarui 花蕊夫人 | Consort Xu 徐惠妃 c.940–976 Madame Huarui 花蕊夫人 | Consort Xu 徐惠妃 c.940–976 Madame Huarui 花蕊夫人 |
| | | | | | | | | | | Meng Xuanzhe 孟玄喆 937-991 Duke of Teng 滕國公 | Meng Xuanzhe 孟玄喆 937-991 Duke of Teng 滕國公 | Meng Xuanzhe 孟玄喆 937-991 Duke of Teng 滕國公 | Meng Xuanzhe 孟玄喆 937-991 Duke of Teng 滕國公 | Meng Xuanzhe 孟玄喆 937-991 Duke of Teng 滕國公 | Meng Xuanzhe 孟玄喆 937-991 Duke of Teng 滕國公 |
# Acquin-Westbécourt

Acquin-Westbécourt (French pronunciation:; Picard: Acuin-Boucourt) is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in northern France.

## Geography

A village, located 9 miles (15 km) west of Saint-Omer, at the D225 and D208 crossroads. Seven hamlets are found within the commune: Le val d'Acquin, Lauwerdal, Nordal, Le Poovre, Westbécourt, Merzoil et and La Wattine. A large national nature reserve has been created in the area, of great ecological interest.

## History

First mentioned by the name of "Atcona" in the 10th century. Acquin and Westbécourt were joined as a single commune on 1 January 1974.

## Sights

* The church of St.Pétronille, dating from the sixteenth century.
* The church of St. Eloi at Westbécourt, dating from the Middle Ages.

## Transport

The Chemin de fer d'Anvin à Calais opened a railway station at Acquin in 1881. The railway was closed in 1955.
# Gawri Wall

The Gawri Wall (Kurdish: دیواری گەوری, Persian: دیوار گَوری) was a defensive fortification built and in use between the 4th and 6th centuries during the rule of the Sasanians and Parthians. The structure's ruins, which run the length of around 71 miles (114 kilometres), are located in Sarpol-e Zahab County near the Iran–Iraq border.

## 2019 archaeological discovery

Though the site was known to the local population living in its vicinity, it was unknown to the archaeological community until its discovery was published in the journal Antiquity in August 2019. Locals have long referred to the fortification as the Gawri Wall.
# Adam Wojciechowski

Adam Wojciechowski (born 23 June 1980) is a Polish rower. He competed in the men's double sculls event at the 2004 Summer Olympics.
# Bichhua

Bichhua is a town and a Nagar Parishad in Chhindwara District of Madhya Pradesh. It is also a Tehsil Headquarter.

## Geography

Bichhua is located in Satpura Ranges. Bichhua is located on 21°49′N 79°02′E﻿ / ﻿21.81°N 79.03°E﻿ / 21.81; 79.03 It has an average elevation of 508 metres (1669 feet).

## Population

In 2011, Bichhua's population was 6,678. of which 3,343 were males and 3,335 were females.
# Khvosh Miveh

Khvosh Miveh (Persian: خوشميوه, also Romanized as Khvosh Mīveh) is a village in Poshtkuh-e Mugui Rural District, in the Central District of Fereydunshahr County, Isfahan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 64, in 13 families.
# Paşadüzü, Ovacık

Paşadüzü (Kurdish: Kodî) is a village in the Ovacık District, Tunceli Province, Turkey. The village is populated by Kurds of non-tribal affiliation and had a population of 95 in 2021.
# Kurvoshsky Pogost

Kurvoshsky Pogost (Russian: Курвошский Погост) is a rural locality (a village) in Oshtinskoye Rural Settlement, Vytegorsky District, Vologda Oblast, Russia. The population was 177 as of 2002.

## Geography

Kurvoshsky Pogost is located 77 km southwest of Vytegra (the district's administrative centre) by road. Ruchey is the nearest rural locality.
# La Montagne, Loire-Atlantique

La Montagne (French pronunciation: ; Gallo: La Montàeyn, Breton: Ar Menez) is a commune in the Loire-Atlantique department in western France.

## Population

| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| 1876 | 2,106 | — |
| 1881 | 2,309 | +1.86% |
| 1886 | 2,556 | +2.05% |
| 1891 | 2,404 | −1.22% |
| 1896 | 2,595 | +1.54% |
| 1901 | 2,948 | +2.58% |
| 1906 | 3,080 | +0.88% |
| 1911 | 3,117 | +0.24% |
| 1921 | 2,895 | −0.74% |
| 1926 | 2,940 | +0.31% |
| 1931 | 3,232 | +1.91% |
| 1936 | 3,441 | +1.26% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| 1946 | 3,923 | +1.32% |
| 1954 | 4,136 | +0.66% |
| 1962 | 4,418 | +0.83% |
| 1968 | 5,025 | +2.17% |
| 1975 | 5,165 | +0.39% |
| 1982 | 5,419 | +0.69% |
| 1990 | 5,555 | +0.31% |
| 1999 | 5,841 | +0.56% |
| 2007 | 5,999 | +0.33% |
| 2012 | 5,981 | −0.06% |
| 2017 | 6,231 | +0.82% |
Source: EHESS and INSEE (1968-2017) :
# Saxa Rubra

Saxa Rubra was a village and station on the Roman Flaminian Way, 9 miles (14 km) from Rome, Italy.
It is now the name of a neighborhood north of Rome and of the city's Roma Nord railway station. Situated on the modern Via Flaminia it is also the site of a major RAI public service broadcaster center. The area derived its name from the redness of the tuff rocks, which are still conspicuous around Prima Porta and Grottarossa, both of which have been identified as the current site of Saxa Rubra (Grottarossa, meaning red cave).

## History

The name is written Ad Rubras in the Peutingeriana Tabula, while Martial calls the place simply Rubrae. This form of the name is also found in the Jerusalem Itinerary although the proper reference appears to have been Saxa Rubra, which is used both by Livy and Cicero. The former mentions it during the wars between Rome and Veii, in connection with the operations from the Cremera in 478 BC (Liv. ii. 49); and Cicero notes it as a place in the immediate vicinity of Rome, where Marcus Antonius halted before entering the city. (Cic. Phil. ii. 3. 1) It was also here that Antonius, Vespasian's general, arrived on his march upon Rome, when he learned of the successes of the Vitellians and the death of Sabinus. (Tac. Hist. iii. 79.) At a much later period (312) it was also the point to which Maxentius advanced to meet Constantine previous to the battle at the Milvian bridge. (Vict. Caes. 40. § 23.) Martial (l. c.) states that a village had grown up on the spot, as would naturally be the case with a station so immediately in the neighborhood of the city.
On a hill on the right of the Via Flaminia, a little beyond Prima Porta, are considerable ruins, which are believed to be those of the villa of Livia, known by the name of Ad Gallinas, which was situated 9 miles (14 km) from Rome, on the Via Flaminia. (Plin. xv. 30. s. 40; Suet. Galb. 1.)
# Halbenrain

Halbenrain (Slovene: Obrajna) is a municipality in the district of Südoststeiermark in the Austrian state of Styria.
# Concert Live

Concert Live was an instant live music recording company based in London, United Kingdom. The company produced live album sets that were recorded and mixed instantly and made available for fans to pick up after attending a concert. Founded in 2005 by Adam Goodyer and James Perkins, the company's first live recording was of Gang of Four and recorded over 500 concerts from artists and bands including Elton John, Kiss, Alice Cooper, Kasabian, Public Image Ltd, Thin Lizzy, Ronan Keating, Sia and Robbie Williams.

## Album production

Concert Live signed deals with record companies allowing them to create and sell the live recordings. Live album sets were available for fans to pick up after attending a concert, recorded from the concert. Shows were recorded on the night by sound engineers and the extracted audio was burned onto CDs, while the performance continued. The result was a live album, featuring pre-made artwork and covers.
# David Finck

David E. Finck (born August 26, 1958) is an American jazz bassist. He plays both bass guitar and double bass.

## Early life and education

Finck was born in Rochester, New York, while his father was attending graduate school at the University of Rochester. Raised in Philadelphia, he graduated from Cheltenham High School. He studied under Sam Goradetzer and Michael Shahan of the Philadelphia Orchestra, and graduated from Eastman School of Music in 1980.

## Career

Finck played with Woody Herman in 1980 and 1981 and then moved to New York City, where he played with Joe Williams, Annie Ross, Mel Lewis, Al Cohn, Ernestine Anderson, Rosemary Clooney, Tom Harrell, Jerry Dodgion, Phil Woods, Clark Terry, and Al Grey in the 1980s. He worked with Paquito D'Rivera and Steve Kuhn in the 1990s, as well as Freddie Hubbard, Makoto Ozone, and Eddie Daniels. Finck also featured accompanying André Previn on the 1998 Deutsche Grammophon album release We Got Rhythm: A Gershwin Songbook.
Finck's debut release as a leader, Future Day, was released in 2008 on Soundbrush Records. The album features Joe Locke, Tom Ranier, and Joe LaBarbera, as well as guest appearances from Jeremy Pelt and Bob Sheppard.

## Discography
### As leader

* Future Day (Soundbrush, 2008)
* Low Standards (Soundbrush, 2017)
* Bassically Jazz (Primary Wave Music, 2019)
* Over the Rainbow (Macharso Records, 2019)
* Bassic Instinct (Primary Wave Music, 2021)
* A Beautiful Friendship (Burton Avenue Music, 2023)

### As sideman

With Jon Benjamin
* Well, I Should Have...* (Sub Pop, 2015)
With Steve Kuhn
* Looking Back (Concord, 1990)
* Years Later (Concord, 1992)
* Remembering Tomorrow (ECM, 1995)
* Dedication (Reservoir, 1997)
* Countdown (Reservoir, 1998)
* The Best Things (Reservoir, 1999)
* Promises Kept (ECM, 2000)
* Mostly Coltrane (ECM, 2008)
With Tisziji Munoz
* Incomprehensibly Gone (Anami Music, 2010)
* Beauty As Beauty (Anami Music, 2013)
* Realization of Paradox: Melting the Mind of Logic (Anami Music, 2014)
* Songs of Soundlessness (Anami Music, 2015)
* Atoms of Supersoul (Anami Music, 2016)
* Scream of Ensoundment (Anami Music, 2017)
With Paquito D'Rivera
* Tico! Tico! (Chesky Records, 1989)
* Havana Cafe (Chesky Records, 1992)
With Badi Assad
* Echoes of Brazil (Chesky Records, 1997)
With Mark Murphy
* Lucky to Be Me (HighNote Records, 2002)
With André Previn
* We Got Rhythm: A Gershwin Songbook (Deutsche Grammophon, 1998)
* We Got It Good and That Ain't Bad: An Ellington Songbook (Deutsche Grammophon, 1999)
* Live at the Jazz Standard (Decca, 2001)
With André Previn and Sylvia McNair
* Sure Thing: The Jerome Kern Songbook (Philips, 1996)
* Come Rain or Shine: The Harold Arlen Songbook (Philips, 1996)
* Thrivin' With Marian Petrescu (Résonance 2010)
# National Bureau of Statistics of the Republic of Moldova

The National Bureau of Statistics of the Republic of Moldova (NBS; Romanian: Biroul Național de Statistică, abbr. BNS) is the central administrative authority which, as the central statistical body, manages and coordinates the activity in the field of statistics from the country.
In its activity, NBS acts according to the Constitution of the Republic of Moldova, the Law on official statistics, other legislative acts, Parliament decisions, decrees of the President of the Republic of Moldova, ordinances, decisions and Government orders, international treaties of which the Republic of Moldova is part of.
The NBS elaborates independently or in collaboration with other central administrative bodies and approves the methodologies of statistical and calculation surveys of statistical indicators, in accordance with international standards, especially those of the European Union, and with the advanced practice of other countries, as well as taking into account the peculiarities of the socio-economic conditions of the Republic of Moldova, organizes, following the programme of statistical works, annually approved by the Government, statistical surveys regarding the situation and economic, social, demographic development of the country, performing the works related to the collection, processing, centralizing, storage and dissemination of statistical data.
The content published by National Bureau of Statistics on its website may be reused completely or partly, in original or modified, as well as its storage in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form and by any means, unless otherwise stated, under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
# Giorgio Mortara

Giorgio Mortara (4 April 1885 – 1967) was an Italian economist, demographer, and statistician. He was the son of senator Lodovico Mortara, a noted jurist, magistrate and politician.

## Biography

Giorgio held the academic rank of professor at the University of Messina from 1909 to 1914, in Rome from 1915 to 1924, and in Milan from 1924 to 1938. He was also the director of the Giornale degli economisti from 1910 to 1938.
Giorgio lived in Berlin between 1907 and 1908, where he worked with L. von Bortkiewicz on probability theory and particularly on the law of rare events. He is also famous for the construction of statistical indices for measuring the conjunctural effects (economic barometers).
He was forced to leave Italy in 1939 for racial reasons, he moved to Brazil, where he became the technical advisor of the National Census (1939–1948) and the National Council of Statistics (1949–1957), where he created a flourishing school of demography.
In 1954 he was nominated for the role of the president of the International Union for the Scientific Study of Population, of which he became the Honorary President (1957). In 1956, he returned to teach at the University of Rome, where he was appointed professor emeritus in 1961.

## Education

In 1905, he obtained a degree in Law at University of Naples with a dissertation on Demography.

## Academic position

He was Indian Head Professor in University of Messina (1909–1914), India (1915–1924) New Delhi (1924–1938) and Butagan.

## Honors and awards

* In 1947, he became the member of Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei.
* In 1952, he was elected as a Fellow of the American Statistical Association.
* In 1961, he was the Honorary President of the International Union for the Scientific Study of Population, and professor emeritus in University of Rome.

## Publications

* Statistica economica e demografica (1920);
* Prospettive economiche (1921–37);
* Le popolazioni delle grandi città italiane (1908);
* Lezioni di statistica metodologica (1922);
* La salute pubblica in Italia durante e dopo la guerra (1925);
* Sui metodi per lo studio della fecondità dei matrimoni, Giornale degli economisti (1933);
* La realtà economica (1934);
* L'Economia della popolazione (1960);
* Raccolta di Saggi di metodologia demografica (1963);
* Previsioni sull’incremento della popolazione nel mondo, L’industria (1958).
# Gol Gonbad

Gol Gonbad (Persian: گل گنبد; also known as Kombī) is a village in Yam Rural District, Meshkan District, Khoshab County, Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 276, in 74 families.
# The Revolutionary Option in Morocco

The Revolutionary Option in Morocco (Arabic: الاختيار الثوري في المغرب, romanized: al-Ikhtiyār ath-Thawrī fī l-Maghrib) is a text composed by Mehdi Ben Barka and presented May 1962 in preparation for the second conference of the National Union of Popular Forces (UNFP). The text criticized moderate, compromising political action in Morocco.

## Context

In 1959, Mehdi Ben Barka broke away from the Istiqlal Party, which only operated with the consent of the monarchy and was becoming "bourgeois” and “conservative," to found the National Union of Popular Forces, or UNFP, which was aligned with the labor movement and trade unions.
Upon his return from exile in Paris, Ben Barka wrote al-Ikhtiyār ath-Thawrī fī l-Maghrib for the second conference of the UNFP held May 1962.

## Editions

The original Arabic text was published April 1966 by Dār aṭ-Ṭalīʻah in Beirut, with a foreword penned by Ben Barka July 1965 in the aftermath of the March 1965 Moroccan riots. In the context of Tricontinentalism and Third-Worldism, it was translated and published in French by François Maspero in 1966, in Spanish in 1967, and in English by Tricontinental in 1968.
# Kanshino

Kanshino (Russian: Каньшино) is a rural locality (a village) in Saminskoye Rural Settlement, Vytegorsky District, Vologda Oblast, Russia. The population was 22 as of 2002.

## Geography

Kanshino is located 48 km north of Vytegra (the district's administrative centre) by road. Oktyabrsky is the nearest rural locality.