OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Kuşçimeni, Kiğı

Kuşçimeni (Kurdish: Karmuruna jêrin) is a village in the Kiğı District, Bingöl Province, Turkey. The village is populated by Kurds of the Seter tribe and had a population of 61 in 2021.
The hamlet of Aşağıkarmurun yaylası is attached to the village.
# Herbert Barrie

Herbert Barrie (9 October 1927 – 20 March 2017), was a British consultant paediatrician and a leading figure in neonatology. He was a pioneer in the emerging specialty of paediatrics and neonatal medicine; and he developed one of the first neonatal intensive care units in London.

## Life

He was born into a Jewish family in Germany, as Herbert Bihari; they emigrated to the United Kingdom in 1936. He was educated at Wallington County Grammar School, and entered University College Hospital Medical School. He qualified in 1950, and at that point changed his surname to Barrie.
In 1959 Barrie was appointed as a senior registrar, then five years later as a senior lecturer, at St Thomas’ Hospital in London. It was here that he developed a profound interest in the care of premature infants. This was a time of rapid medical advances, particularly in respiratory support, that were at last making the survival of premature newborn babies a reality. Barrie pioneered advances in resuscitation of the newborn, publishing his seminal paper on the subject in The Lancet in 1963.
One of the concerns at this time was the worry that using high pressures of oxygen could be damaging to newborn lungs. Barrie developed an underwater safety valve in the oxygen circuit. The tubes were originally made of rubber, but these had the potential to cause irritation to sensitive newborn tracheas: Barrie switched to plastic, which was fashioned from a pre-cut roll and so had an inherent curvature. This plastic tube, based on his design, was known as the "St Thomas’s tube".
In 1966 Barrie was appointed consultant paediatrician to Charing Cross Hospital in Fulham. He came in as colleague to Hugh Jolly, a relationship that was sometimes difficult. At Charing Cross, Barrie continued his ground-breaking and pioneering work in the care of the preterm infant. He ran a renowned department and built his special care baby unit (SCBU): this neonatal intensive care unit became a hot bed of innovation and expertise. It relocated to Chelsea and Westminster Hospital in 1993, and was expanded and redeveloped into a level 3 regional service in 2021. There is a plaque in the new NICU commemorating Barrie's vision and legacy.
At Charing Cross Hospital, Barrie was in charge of the paediatric research laboratory – here he conducted research into neonatal respiratory physiology and intensive care. He raised funds for an ambulance that could collect babies requiring intensive care from other hospitals and bring them back to Charing Cross; this was the first – and at the time the only – dedicated neonatal ambulance in the country. He was made head of the department of child health in 1983.
Barrie was an early member of the British Paediatric Association, which was to become the Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health. He was a founder member of the Neonatal Society and the British Association of Perinatal Medicine.

## Book

Putting Tiny Patients First, a book edited and compiled by his son, describing Herbert Barrie's early life and his time in paediatrics, was published in 2018.
# Mathias Claus

Mathias Claus is a German jazz pianist and composer.

## Education

Education as jazz pianist at Musikhochschule Hamburg, studies with Dieter Glawischnig, diploma with excellence in 1989. Further studies with Ray Santisi at the Berklee College of Music in Boston plus classical studies with Shigeko Takeya and others.

## Career

Mathias Claus started collaboration recordings with musicians of the young cyber jazzscene worldwide. He contributed as guest player on numerous artists' CDs worldwide, working with many artists such as Peggy Morris, Nigel Hitchcock, Laurence Cottle, Sue Maskaleris, Daniel Martina, Fillipo Bertacche and others. Later on he started playing live concerts with his global musicians organising common tours and concerts in Germany with American artists Peggy Morris, Eyran Katsenelenbogen, or Misha Steinhauer from Moscow.
In 2003 he gained international attention being interviewed by allaboutjazz.com and awarded by Bundesfonds Soziokultur e.V. for his international collaboration activities.
After gaining a teaching faculty 2004 in Braunschweig he started a career as jazz solo pianist. Recently he performed with some of the leading German jazz solo pianists at the 1. Hamburger Jazz Solo Piano Summit on 16 June 2007 for the NDR broadcast Hamburg and shared stage with players like John Taylor and Eliane Elias and was piano sideman for American vocalists like Gayle Tufts, Peggy Morris and Rachel Gould.

## Awards

Grant from GEMA Germany; Süddeutscher Rundfunk broadcast Music Competition laureate with his jazz quartett; finalist of the international jazz competition Hoeillarts in Belgium.
His music accompanying an animation movie for children (by Axel Brötje) won the Adobe Design Achievement Award 2007 in San Francisco.
# Dimkuh Shush

Dimkuh Shush (Persian: ديمكوه شوش, also Romanized as Dīmkūh Shūsh) is a village in Babuyi Rural District, Basht District, Basht County, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 46, in 6 families.
# Ant communication

Ant communication in most species involves pheromones, which is a method using chemical trails for other ants or insects to find and follow.
However, ants of some species can communicate without using pheromones or chemical trails in general. In particular, red wood ants are able to pass information about distant food source using antennal code alone.

## Communication using chemical trails

Ants have many different pheromones, depending on the species. When an ant finds something interesting, whether it is food or an enemy, it excretes a chemical substance from it and drags it along the floor to the colony.
When a different worker sets its antenna down on the trail, it senses the trail, changes its own behavior (depending on the specific pheromone) and follows it depending on what kind. If it is a food trail, the worker will follow the trail to find the food; If it does find the food, it will go back to the colony and strengthen the trail, making more and more workers to follow the trail. Same thing with attacking/defending the colony, when detected, other workers will begin attacking the enemy inside a circle of pheromones, rather than a trail.

## Communication without using chemical trails

Ants of some species, such as red wood ants (Formica s.str.), are able to communicate to each other information about distant food sources using antennal code alone, in a manner distantly similar to the dance language of bees. In these species, there exist teams of constant composition. Each team has one leader, called a scout, and about ten followers (foragers). The scout finds the food source and communicates its location to the followers. The team of followers are then able to find the food source without the scout. This fact has been established by experiments using various artificial trees, including the binary tree and others. While the scout had been communicating with its team, the experimenters changed the maze to make sure the team could not use any chemical trails, and subsequently isolated the scout.
The language these ants use is rather sophisticated: the ants adapt their communication, using shorter messages for frequently used locations and compressing some more regular messages. Using a method based on measuring the time it takes the ants to communicate various messages, it has been shown that they can to use simple arithmetic operations.
# Rathdown (County Dublin barony)

Rathdown (Irish: Ráth an Dúin) is the south-easternmost barony in County Dublin, Ireland. It gives its name to the county of Dún Laoghaire–Rathdown. Before County Wicklow was shired in 1606, Rathdown extended further south: it was named after a medieval settlement which grew up around Rathdown Castle, at a site subsequently deserted and now in County Wicklow in the townland of Rathdown Upper, north of Greystones. The Wicklow barony of Rathdown corresponds to the portion transferred to the new county; although both divisions were originally classed as "half baronies", in the nineteenth century the distinction between a barony and a half barony was obsolete.

## Subdivisions

After the Poor Relief (Ireland) Act 1838, the poor law union of Rathdown covered a similar area to the Dublin and Wicklow baronies combined; after the Local Government (Ireland) Act 1898, the Dublin portion of the poor law union comprised the rural district of Rathdown No. 1 and the urban districts of Blackrock, Dalkey, Killiney and Ballybrack, and Kingstown (later renamed Dún Laoghaire). The barony of Rathdown also included part of the poor law union of Dublin South, comprising after 1898 parts of the rural district of Dublin South and the urban district of Rathmines and Rathgar.
Between 1836 and 1842, the boundaries of the County Dublin baronies were regularised, by which detached portions of baronies were transferred to the surrounding barony. Civil parishes wholly or partly within the barony are: Booterstown, Dalkey (transferred from Uppercross in 1842), Donnybrook, Kilgobbin, Kill, Killiney, Kilmacud, Kiltiernan, Monkstown, Oldconnaught, Rathfarnham (mostly transferred from Newcastle in 1842), Rathmichael (two townlands transferred from Newcastle in 1842), Stillorgan, Taney, Tully, Whitechurch.
Other settlements in the barony include Dundrum. "Little Bray", the part of the township of Bray north of the River Bray, was transferred from Rathdown, County Dublin to Rathdown, County Wicklow after the Local Government (Ireland) Act 1898.
# Charlie Smith (drummer)

Charlie Smith (April 15, 1927 in New York City – January 15, 1966 in New Haven), was an American jazz drummer.
Smith played locally in New York in the late 1940s before taking a position accompanying Ella Fitzgerald. He worked briefly with the Duke Ellington's Orchestra in 1951 before being replaced by Louie Bellson, and also played with Joe Bushkin, Erroll Garner, Slim Gaillard, Benny Goodman, Hot Lips Page, Oscar Peterson, Artie Shaw, and Slam Stewart. He performed on television with Dizzy Gillespie and Charlie Parker in 1952, and later in the 1950s worked with Billy Taylor, Aaron Bell, and Wild Bill Davison. He relocated to New Haven around 1960, where he played with Willie Ruff and Dwike Mitchell in a trio setting. He also worked as an educator late in life.
Smith co-wrote, with Thomas Vaughan, "A Jazz Liturgy" for Yale Divinity School. He died of a kidney infection.

## Discography

* Mitchell-Ruff Trio, The Catbird Seat (Atlantic, 1961; reissued on CD combined with Les McCann, Much Les as 20 Special Fingers)
* Mitchell-Ruff Trio, After this Message (Atlantic, 1966)
* Ella Fitzgerald With Ray Brown Trio & Quintet Featuring Charlie Smith, Hank Jones, Kai Winding, Allen Eager Plus Lester Young, Brew Moore, Roy Haynes, Royal Roost Sessions (Cool & Blue, 1993)
* Oscar Pettiford Quartet with Billy Taylor, Charles Mingus, Charlie Smith, Discoveries (Savoy, 1952)
# Sheybluy-e Sofla, Poldasht

Sheybluy-e Sofla (Persian: شيبلوي سفلي, also Romanized as Sheyblūy-e Soflá; also known as Shebīlū-ye Soflá and Sheyblū-ye Pā’īn) is a village in Gejlarat-e Sharqi Rural District, Aras District, Poldasht County, West Azerbaijan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 317, in 62 families.
# Yeniçağlar, Kozluk

Yeniçağlar (Kurdish: Zîlan) is a village in the Kozluk District of Batman Province in Turkey. The village is populated by Kurds of the Bekiran tribe and had a population of 1,606 in 2021.
The hamlet of Bacak is attached to the village.
# Shahr-e Somam

Shahr-e Somam (Persian: شهرسمام, also Romanized as Shahr-e Somām and Shahr-i-Samān; also known as Shahr-e Sām) is a village in Kojid Rural District, Rankuh District, Amlash County, Gilan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 26, in 8 families.
# Károly Binder

Károly Binder (born 2 April 1956) is a Hungarian jazz pianist, composer and educator.

## Early life

Binder was born in Budapest on 2 April 1956. He was five years old when he started playing the piano and studied jazz in Budapest at the Béla Bartók Musical Training College from 1976 to 1979.

## Later life and career

From the early 1980s Binder led quartets and quintets that appeared at festivals in Europe. He performed and recorded with the free-jazz musician György Szabados in the middle of that decade and near its end played in duos with Theo Jörgensmann, Laszlo Sűle and others. Many of his frequent recordings from the early 1980s and into the 1990s have been reissued on Binder Music Manufactory, his own label. He is the head of the jazz department at the Liszt Ferenc Academy of Music in Budapest.

## Style

"Binder's style of world music mingles elements of Japanese, lamaist, gamelan, Indian, and African music with the diatonic harmonies of classical music and the improvisational freedom of jazz."

## Selected discography

* (1981) Károly Binder Quartet Live at Bátok Terem with Mihály Dresch, Róbert Benkő
* (1982) Binder Quintet featuring John Tchicai
* (1985) Károly Binder " In Illo Tempore "
* (1991) Károly Binder and Ramesh Shotham Dance Music
* (1993) Károly Binder featuring Theo Jörgensmann Live at Music Academy Budapest
# Nikolay Nekhoroshev

Nikolai Nikolaevich Nekhoroshev (Russian: Николай Николаевич Нехорошев; 2 October 1946 – 18 October 2008) was a prominent Soviet Russian mathematician specializing in classical mechanics and dynamical systems. His research concerned Hamiltonian mechanics, perturbation theory, celestial mechanics, integrable systems, dynamical systems, the quasiclassical approximation, and singularity theory. He proved, in particular, a stability result in KAM-theory stating that, under certain conditions, solutions of nearly integrable systems stay close to invariant tori for exponentially long times (Giorgilli 1989).
Nekhoroshev was professor of the Moscow State University and University of Milan. He was an alumnus of Moscow's boarding school no. 18 (1964).
Winner of the Kolmogorov Prize (1997).
# Abdul Aziz Abul

Md. Apple Mahmud is Bahrain's sole liberal MP, winning his seat in 2006's general election when conservative candidates won a landslide victory taking the other thirty-nine seats in Bahrain's forty seat Chamber of Deputies.
While a member of no political party, he is close to Wa'ad, the main leftist party in Bahrain. His election victory was put down to the backing he received from Al Wefaq, which did not put up a candidate in his constituency and instead urged supporters to vote for him.
Since his election however he has maintained an independent stance, and at times been critical of proposals put forward by Al Wefaq MPs: when Al Wefaq called for an investigation into the Spring of Culture arts festival over alleged "immorality", Aziz Abul along with parliamentary speaker Khalifa Al Dhahrani and Abdullah Al Dossari, were the only three MPs to vote against the proposal.
An economist by profession, he is a strong proponent of privatisation of public utilities, urging the government to privatise the oil, gas, real estate, electricity and water industries. He has argued that the move would have benefits both in terms of transparency and competitiveness.
Until his election he was head of the Constitutional Committee, which campaigned to overturn the constitutional amendments introduced in 2002. In particular, the Committee objected to the appointed upper chamber of parliament, the Consultative Council, and instead favoured a return to the 1973 unicameral political system with elected MPs sitting in parliament alongside appointed government ministers.
Immediately following his election he caused controversy when he told reporters that when he took his parliamentary oath he pledged allegiance to the 1973 constitution rather than the amended 2002 version. His announcement was criticised by salafists Asalah and former liberal MP of the defunct Economists Bloc, Fareed Ghazi, who said Aziz Abul should forfeit his seat. Parliamentary speaker Khalifa Al Dhahrani ignored the call.
# Kalateh Now, Bardaskan

Kalateh-ye Now (Persian: كلاته نو, also Romanized as Kalāteh-ye Now) is a village in Kenarshahr Rural District, in the Central District of Bardaskan County, Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 821, in 236 families.
# Faze Action

Faze Action are a British dance music band, composed of brothers Simon and Robin Lee.
Over the years, Faze Action blended house music with Western classical, pan-African, and Latin music. Its music is also heavily influenced by funk, disco, and jazz.
The Lee brothers grew up in Amersham, Buckinghamshire, England, and they were both interested in music from an early age. Robin went on to study music at Goldsmiths College in London.
The pair collaborated in 1995 to produce the Original Disco Motion EP, which was supported by DJs such as François Kevorkian. Shortly afterwards Robin moved to Osaka, Japan, to work as an English teacher. Meanwhile, the success of the group's debut EP won it a contract with Nuphonic Records. The pair then in 1996 produced a single called "In the Trees", which won them increased exposure and is still probably its most famous track. In conjunction with a reissue of the track in the winter of 2007, a number of remixes were also released by Carl Craig, Jerome Sydenham, and Tiger Stripes.
After Robin returned to the UK, the pair released its first album, 1997's Plans and Designs. The pair has subsequently released a number of singles and albums; their tracks have been remixed by Rae and Christian and Cinematic Orchestra.
In the United States, an album, Moving Cities (1999), was licensed to F-111/Warner Bros. Records.
Faze Action have a long list of remix credits that include Yellow Sox, Diana Brown, D*Note, Femi Kuti, Serge Gainsbourg, Metronomy, Ibibio Sound Machine, Francois Kevorkian and Saint Etienne.
June 2009 saw the release of their album Stratus Energy, which featured 1980s-like disco vocals and synths. Faze Action released their Body of One LP in 2014. Singles from the LP have included remixes by Phil Mison, Dicky Trisco, Chuggy and Eric Duncan.
As an eight piece live entity, Faze Action have toured extensively with an early stint across North America with Groove Armada in 2000, as a headline act for the Vibes on a Summers Day festival in Australia, Glastonbury, The Big Chill, Benicassim and more. They continue to be in demand DJs having signed to the MN2S agency early in 2015.
In 2018 a career-spanning 'best of' was released under the title Faze Action Presents - Disco Excursions Vol. 1, and, as of 2024, the Lee brothers were still issuing new material.
# MCST-R2000

The MCST R2000, (e90), (Russian: МЦСТ R2000) is a 64-bit microprocessor developed by Moscow Center of SPARC Technologies (MCST) and fabricated by TSMC.

## MCST R2000 Highlights

* implements the SPARC V9 instruction set architecture (ISA)
* octa-core
* core specifications:
** out-of-order, dual-issue superscalar
*** two integer units
*** one floating-point unit
* integrated memory controller
* integrated ccNUMA controller
* 2 GHz clock rate
* 28 nm process
* ~500 million transistors
# Chagane

The Chagane (Azerbaijani: cağan, çəqanə) is an Azerbaijani four-stringed bowed musical instrument. Its range is F#2 to F#5.
While played, instrument is held in a vertical position. Sound is produced with a bow in the right hand. The total length of the instrument is 820 mm, the body length is 420 mm, the width is 220 mm, and the height is 140 mm.
Chagane was painted by Grigory Gagarin in his painting "Shemakha dancers" among other music instruments.
# Enzo Camporeale

Enzo (Vincenzo) Camporeale (born 27 July 1966) is an Italian pianist, composer, and vocalist.

## Life and career

Camporeale was born in Giovinazzo, a small town in the Province of Bari. According to his biographies at the Scuola Wilson and BDR dance schools, at the age of six he sang in the 1972 regional finals of the Zecchino d'Oro competition and in 1977 won a regional radio competition as a pianist performing "Honky Tonk Train Blues" by Meade Lux Lewis. After completing a diploma in piano in 1990 he worked as an accompanist for the Compagnia Italiana di Operette and the Teatro Petruzzelli. In 1998 he completed further studies in piano, band instrumentation, composition and conducting at the Conservatorio Tito Schipa in Lecce.
Camporeale has since appeared as a recital accompanist, as well as serving an accompanist at several music and dance schools, including the Accademia nazionale di danza (Italian National Academy of Dance). His compositions include anthems for Giovinazzo's five-a-side football and hockey teams and the song "Aspettando il blu" inspired by the letters of Raffaele Sollecito, which Camporeale performed on the television show Porta a Porta in December 2009.
# Stu Hodgson

Stuart Milton Hodgson OC (April 1, 1924 – December 18, 2015) was the commissioner of the Northwest Territories (NWT) from March 2, 1967 until April 6, 1979.

## Early life

Hodgson was born in Vancouver, British Columbia, the second son of Allan and Mary Hodgson. In 1940, he began to work for the MacMillan lumber company, then left to join the Royal Canadian Navy between 1942 and 1945, where he took part in the Arctic convoys of World War II. For his service, he received the 1939–1945 Star, Atlantic Star and other World War II medals.
After his discharge from the military, Hodgson joined the International Woodworkers of America, served with his union local, and attended an International Labour Organization conference in Geneva as part of the Canadian Congress of Labour.

## Northwest Territories

In 1964, the Canadian federal government appointed Hodgson to the 5th Northwest Territories Legislative Council, and served as deputy commissioner from 1965-67. He then served as commissioner from 1967-79.
When rapid changes in socio-economic conditions threatened the continuity of Inuit oral history, Commissioner Hodgson urged the taping of elders' stories. In 1974, the residents of Pangnirtung (since then becoming part of Nunavut) presented the Commissioner with eleven stories which were later compiled into a book. Hodgson was nicknamed "Umingmak" by the Inuit.
Hodgson was one of the founders of the Arctic Winter Games - which began in Yellowknife in 1970 for athletes from Alaska, Yukon, and the NWT – and which now also include Greenland, parts of Arctic Russia, as well as Northern Alberta and Nunavik (Northern Quebec), and the new territory Nunavut which was formed from NWT in 1999.
The first Commissioner to actually reside in the Northwest Territories, he was a leader in the construction of a semiautonomous, responsible self-government run by residents of the territory.

## Later work and death

From 1979 to 1981, Hodgson was Canadian co-chairman of the U.S.-Canadian International Joint Commission. He was recruited by Premier William R. Bennett of British Columbia to run BC Ferries for a time in the 1980s.
He was appointed chairman and chief executive officer of the BC Transit in 1985, and appointed as a citizenship judge in British Columbia in December 1997 and served until 2005.
Hodgson died on December 18, 2015, aged 91.

## Honors

Hodgson was appointed as an Officer of the Order of Canada on December 18, 1970 for his service to labour and government. Subsequently he received the Queen's commemorative medals for her silver, golden, and the Queen Elizabeth II Diamond Jubilee Medal (2012); as well as the Canada 125 medal in 1992.
For his services in the NWT, he was presented the public service's Outstanding Achievement Award in 1976.
The Hodgson Trophy was created and awarded beginning in 1978 for fair play and team spirit during the Arctic Winter Games.