OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Helena of Serbia

Helen, Helena or Jelena of Serbia (Serbian: Јелена) may refer to the following Serbian consorts:
* Helena of Serbia, Queen of Hungary (Jelena Vukanović), Queen consort of Hungary; Béla II of Hungary (1131–1141)
* Saint Helena of Serbia (Jelena Anžujska), Queen consort of Serbia; Stephen Uroš I of Serbia (1245–1276)
* Helena Doukaina Angelina, Queen consort of Serbia; Stefan Uroš II Milutin (1273–1284)
* Helena of Bulgaria, Empress of Serbia (Jelena), Empress consort of Serbia; Stephen Uroš IV Dušan of Serbia (1332–1355)
* Helena of Serbia, Princess of Zeta (Jelena), Princes consort of Zeta; Đurađ II Balšić of Zeta (1385–1403)
* Helena Gattilusio, Despotitsa consort of Serbia; Stefan Lazarević (1405–1427)
* Helena Palaiologina of Morea, Despotitsa consort of Serbia; Lazar Branković (1456–1458)
* Maria of Serbia, Queen of Bosnia (christened Jelena), Queen consort of Bosnia; Stephen Tomašević (1461–1463)
* Princess Helena of Serbia (Jelena Karađorđević), Princess consort of Russia; Prince John Constantinovich of Russia (lived 1886–1918)
* Helena Dragaš of the House of Dejanović
# Parity-check matrix

In coding theory, a parity-check matrix of a linear block code C is a matrix which describes the linear relations that the components of a codeword must satisfy. It can be used to decide whether a particular vector is a codeword and is also used in decoding algorithms.

## Definition

Formally, a parity check matrix H of a linear code C is a generator matrix of the dual code, C$^⊥$. This means that a codeword c is in C if and only if the matrix-vector product Hc$^⊤$ = 0 (some authors would write this in an equivalent form, cH$^⊤$ = 0.)
The rows of a parity check matrix are the coefficients of the parity check equations. That is, they show how linear combinations of certain digits (components) of each codeword equal zero. For example, the parity check matrix
    $H=\left[{\begin{array}{cccc}0&0&1&1\\1&1&0&0\end{array}}\right]$,
compactly represents the parity check equations,
    ${\begin{aligned}c_{3}+c_{4}&=0\\c_{1}+c_{2}&=0\end{aligned}}$,
that must be satisfied for the vector $(c_{1},c_{2},c_{3},c_{4})$ to be a codeword of C.
From the definition of the parity-check matrix it directly follows the minimum distance of the code is the minimum number d such that every d - 1 columns of a parity-check matrix H are linearly independent while there exist d columns of H that are linearly dependent.

## Creating a parity check matrix

The parity check matrix for a given code can be derived from its generator matrix (and vice versa). If the generator matrix for an [n,k]-code is in standard form
    $G={\begin{bmatrix}I_{k}|P\end{bmatrix}}$,
then the parity check matrix is given by
    $H={\begin{bmatrix}-P^{\top }|I_{n-k}\end{bmatrix}}$,
because
    $GH^{\top }=P-P=0$.
Negation is performed in the finite field F$_q$. Note that if the characteristic of the underlying field is 2 (i.e., 1 + 1 = 0 in that field), as in binary codes, then -P = P, so the negation is unnecessary.
For example, if a binary code has the generator matrix
    $G=\left[{\begin{array}{cc|ccc}1&0&1&0&1\\0&1&1&1&0\\\end{array}}\right]$,
then its parity check matrix is
    $H=\left[{\begin{array}{cc|ccc}1&1&1&0&0\\0&1&0&1&0\\1&0&0&0&1\\\end{array}}\right]$.
It can be verified that G is a $k\times n$ matrix, while H is a $(n-k)\times n$ matrix.

## Syndromes

For any (row) vector x of the ambient vector space, s = Hx$^⊤$ is called the syndrome of x. The vector x is a codeword if and only if s = 0. The calculation of syndromes is the basis for the syndrome decoding algorithm.
# Quzhdabad

Quzhdabad (Persian: قوژداباد, also Romanized as Qūzhdābād) is a village in Jolgeh Rural District Rural District, Shahrabad District, Bardaskan County, Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 627, in 178 families.
# Antsakanalabe

Antsakanalabe is a town and commune (Malagasy: kaominina) in Madagascar. It belongs to the district of Befandriana-Nord, which is a part of Sofia Region. The population of the commune was estimated to be approximately 11,000 in 2001 commune census.
Only primary schooling is available. The majority 80% of the population of the commune are farmers. The most important crop is rice, while other important products are peanuts, wheat, maize and cassava. Services provide employment for 20% of the population.

## References and notes

* ↑ Estimated based on DEM data from Shuttle Radar Topography Mission
* 1 2 3 "ILO census data". Cornell University. 2002. Retrieved 2008-03-01.
15°25′S 48°17′E﻿ / ﻿15.417°S 48.283°E﻿ / -15.417; 48.283
* This Sofia Region of Madagascar location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Olyutor Range

The Olyutor Range (Russian: Олюторский хребет) is a range of mountains in Kamchatka Krai, Russian Far East. Administratively the range is part of Olyutorsky District.
The range is a mainland prolongation of the submerged Shirshov Ridge of the Bering Sea.

## Geography

The Olyutor Range is a coastal mountain chain, with its eastern flank facing the Bering Sea. It is part of the Koryak Highland system. Despite the relatively small height of the range, its mountains have an alpine character with sharp, pointed ridgetops and steep slopes covered with scree. Deep river gorges and glacial valleys are widespread. The highest point is Greben, a 1,568 metres (5,144 ft) high peak.
To the north rises the Snegovoy Range and the southern part of the range forms the Olyutor Peninsula, jutting southwards with the Olyutor Gulf to the west. The southern end of the peninsula is Cape Olyutor (Mys Olyutorsky).

## Climate and flora

The climate is influenced by the ocean. Summers are short and cool, with frequent fog and rains. Winters are long and cold, often windy, frosts are relatively rare.
The mountains are covered with dwarf forests, Erman's birch groves, meadows and coastal tundra.
# Bubby

Bubby is a nickname which may refer to:
* Bubby Brister (born 1962), American former National Football League quarterback
* Bubby Dacer (1934–2000), publicist in the Philippines who was murdered
* Bubby Jones (1941–2020), American race car driver and member of the National Sprint Car Hall of Fame
* Bubby Gill (born 1984), American football player
* Bubby Rossman (born 1992), American Major League Baseball pitcher
* Greg Heffley, a fictional character often referred to as Bubby by his little brother Manny Heffley
# Yeniyazı, Genç

Yeniyazı (Kurdish: Bawan) is a village in the Genç District, Bingöl Province, Turkey. The village is populated by Kurds of the Botikan tribe and had a population of 318 in 2021.
The hamlets of Ağılcık, Bulgurlu, Çevreli, Demirdöven, Fırat, Hülücek, Işıkoluk, Kaldırım, Sağlık, Tepecik, Tımarlı, Yıldırım, Yumrulu and Yüceler are attached to the village.
# Ozren Monastery

The Ozren Monastery (Serbian: Манастир Озрен, romanized: Manastir Ozren) is a Serbian Orthodox monastery dedicated to Saint Nicholas and located 6 kilometres from the town of Petrovo in northern Republika Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is the spiritual centre of the area of Mount Ozren. It was probably founded in the second half of the 16th century, during the office of Serbian Patriarch Makarije Sokolović, who was granted permission from the sultan of the Ottoman Empire to renovate and build churches and monasteries. Folk tradition, formed in the 18th century, has it that the Ozren Monastery was founded by King Dragutin, a member of the Serbian Nemanjić dynasty, who ruled north-eastern Bosnia from 1284 to 1316.
The frescoes in the monastery's church were painted in the early 17th century. After the Great Turkish War (1683–1699), the monastery fell into disrepair. The renovation of the church began in 1842, after it was allowed by Ottoman authorities. The bell tower outside the church was built in 1872. The church was also refurbished in 1920 and 1996. Among its icons is a Pietà painted in the 17th century by Emmanuel Lambardos, a painter of the Cretan School. The Ozren Monastery was designated as a National Monument of Bosnia and Herzegovina in 2003.
# Rutland Island, County Donegal

Rutland Island (Irish: Inis Mhic an Doirn), also sometimes known as Inishmacadurn, is an island in County Donegal, Ireland, and an electoral and census reporting district covering it, surrounding islands and part of the mainland. The island itself has no permanent inhabitants, but the district, which includes Burtonport and its environs, had 1,428 residents in 2006. The island lies between Burtonport and the inhabited Arranmore Island, and is not officially served by ferry.

## History

The island was previously populated, with a planned settlement having been established by William Burton Conyngham from 1784, including a street of residences and business premises, with the area's post office, school house and a fish landing and processing facility being built in this village. While fish catches declined heavily shortly after construction, with services closing or leaving, the island remained inhabited into the 1960s.
Mains electricity reached the island in 1957, due to its being a crucial stepping stone for the Arranmore supply, but piped water has never been provided for its remaining housing stock, which consists entirely of holiday homes.
Rutland Island has become a popular holiday destination with a number of holiday homes built in the first decade of the 2000s.

### Demographics

The table below reports data on Rutland's population taken from Discover the Islands of Ireland (Alex Ritsema, Collins Press, 1999) and the Census of Ireland. Census data in Ireland before 1841 are not considered complete and/or reliable.
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1841 | 125 | — |
| 1851 | 108 | −13.6% |
| 1861 | 75 | −30.6% |
| 1871 | 69 | −8.0% |
| 1881 | 85 | +23.2% |
| 1891 | 87 | +2.4% |
| 1901 | 65 | −25.3% |
| 1911 | 78 | +20.0% |
| 1926 | 41 | −47.4% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1936 | 38 | −7.3% |
| 1946 | 50 | +31.6% |
| 1951 | 35 | −30.0% |
| 1956 | 15 | −57.1% |
| 1961 | 7 | −53.3% |
| 1966 | 2 | −71.4% |
| 1971 | 2 | +0.0% |
| 1979 | 0 | −100.0% |
| 1981 | 0 | 0.00% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1986 | 4 | — |
| 1991 | 0 | −100.0% |
| 1996 | 0 | 0.00% |
| 2002 | 0 | 0.00% |
| 2006 | 13 | — |
| 2011 | 1 | −92.3% |
| 2016 | 5 | +400.0% |
| 2022 | 12 | +140.0% |
Source: Central Statistics Office. "CNA17: Population by Off Shore Island, Sex and Year". CSO.ie. Retrieved 12 October 2016. :

## Fauna

Badgers have been recorded from this island. There is evidence that their diet is poor.
The island is also home to some foxes.

## Flora

The following algae have been reported from Rutland South Channel: Gracilaria gracilis (Stackhouse) Steentoft, L.M. Irvine et Farnham; Rhodymenia holmesii Ardissone; Polysiphonia fucoides (Hudson) Greville; Polysiphonia nigra (Hudson) Batters; Sphondylothamnion multifidum (Hudson) Nägeli; Heterosiphonia plumosa (J. Ellis) Batters.
# Plonévez-Porzay

Plonévez-Porzay (French pronunciation:; Breton: Plonevez-Porzhe) is a commune in the Finistère department of Brittany in north-western France.

## Population

Inhabitants of Plonévez-Porzay are called in French Plonévéziens.
# António Vicente Campinas

António Vicente Campinas (1910–1998) was a Portuguese poet from Algarve. His works include the book Raiz da Serenidade. He is especially famous for his poem "Cantar Alentejano", in honor of Catarina Eufémia. The poem, with music by José Afonso, is on the album "Cantigas de Maio", released on Christmas Day, 1971. (Hear part of the song here.)

## Works

He began publishing poetry in 1938, with the book Aguarelas. Among his poetic works is the book Raiz da Serenidade. In 1952 he published his first novel "Fronteiriços", dedicated to smugglers. He also published books of short stories, with a poem in memory of Catarina Eufémia
# Pir Murad

Pir Murad (Persian: پيرمورد, also Romanized as Pīr Mūrad) is a village in Bahmai-ye Garmsiri-ye Shomali Rural District, Bahmai-ye Garmsiri District, Bahmai County, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 35, in 6 families.
# Robert Scott (engraver)

Robert Scott (13 November 1777–1841) was a Scottish engraver.

## Life

The son of Grizell and Robert Scott, he was born on 13 November 1777 at Lanark, where his father was a skinner. He attended the grammar school at Musselburgh, and at the age of ten was articled to Andrew Robertson, an engraver at Edinburgh; there he also worked in the Trustees' Academy. Among his pupils were John Burnet, John Horsburgh, and James Stewart. He died early in 1841 in Edinburgh.

## Works

Scott first became known for some plates in James Anderson of Hermiston's The Bee for 1793 and 1794, and a set of Views of Seats and Scenery chiefly in the Environs of Edinburgh, from drawings by Alexander Carse and Andrew Wilson, published in 1795 and 1796. He made the most of his abilities, and was known in his day for his small book illustrations; he carried on a manufactory in Parliament Stairs, Edinburgh, employing many assistants.
Scott's most significant work was in landscape. He engraved the illustrations to George Barry's History of the Orkney Islands, 1805, and to Scenery of Allan Ramsay's Gentle Shepherd, 1808; he contributed plates for many years to the Scots Magazine, and put in the landscape backgrounds of some of those for John Bell's Poets of Great Britain.
He was employed by Henry Mozley, publisher at Gainsborough (the father of Thomas Mozley and James Bowling Mozley), for whose edition of James Thomson's The Seasons (1804), he engraved four plates after John Burnet. Scott's last work was a set of 20 views of ‘Scenery of Edinburgh and Midlothian,’ 1838, from drawings by his son, William Bell Scott.
By his final years he had obtained a prestigious studio at 65 Princes Street and was living at 15 Lauriston Street in the Tollcross area of Edinburgh. Both buildings are now demolished.

## Family

On 29 March 1800 Scott married Ross Bell, the daughter of Robert Bell, a Musselburgh mason. Together they had two sons, David Scott and William Bell Scott, who both became artists.
# Yaneh Sar District

Yaneh Sar District (Persian: بخش یانه‌سر) is in Behshahr County, Mazandaran province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Bisheh Boneh.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the district's population was 10,625 in 2,829 households. The following census in 2011 counted 6,968 people in 2,307 households. The 2016 census measured the population of the district as 11,672 inhabitants in 3,867 households.

### Administrative divisions

Yaneh Sar District Population :
| Administrative Divisions | 2006 | 2011 | 2016 |
| Ashrestaq RD | 7,284 | 4,433 | 6,911 |
| Shohada RD | 3,341 | 2,535 | 4,761 |
| Total | 10,625 | 6,968 | 11,672 |
| RD = Rural District ||||
# Hala Urania

Hala Urania is an indoor arena in Olsztyn, Poland.
The Urania hall was commissioned in July 1978. The hall has a large sports hall with a full-size playground for handball, football, basketball, volleyball, floorball, tennis, badminton, indoor football, a small specialist hall for martial arts, corrective gymnastics and a gym. At Urania local men's volleyball club Indykpol AZS Olsztyn has played its matches as a hosts. A contract for reconstruction was signed in June 2021, after which work began, and was completed at the end of 2023. The rebuilt arena officially opened on December 15, 2023.
# The Expedition of the Family Fox

The Expedition of the Family Fox (Dutch: De expeditie van de familie Vos) is a 2021 Dutch family film directed by Bob Wilbers. The film was entirely shot in the Dutch amusement park De Efteling. The film premiered at the Molodist International Film Festival in Kyiv. The film was put on a shortlist of 22 films eligible for the Golden Calves, an award often called the Dutch equivalent of the Oscars.

## Plot

A recently deceased grandfather leaves a scavenger hunt for a young boy to follow.

## Reception

Dutch newspaper found De Telegraaf it a shame that the film suffered from the Coronacrisis and therefor didn't get as big of a movie theatre release as it deserved.
CineMagazine rated it 3 stars.
# Shufa (Islam)

Shufa (Arabic: حق_الشفعة haqa al-shufea, often translated as "preemption") is an Islamic concept similar to the right of first refusal in Western law.
The ninth-century Sunan ibn Majah collects hadith related to shufa. For example:
   It was narrated that Jabir said:
       The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said:
          Whoever has a date-palm tree or land, should not sell it until he has offered it to his partner.
# Helene Heigh

Helene Heigh was an American film, television, and stage actress.

## Selected filmography

* Mass Appeal (1984)
* Teenage Thunder as Aunt Martha Simpson (1957)
* Plunder Road as Society Woman (1957)
* Monsieur Verdoux as Yvonne, Marie's friend (1947)
* Her Sister's Secret as Etta (1946)
* Murder Is My Business as Eleanor Renslow Ramsey (1946)
* The Undercover Woman as Laura Vixon (1946)

## Theater

* Ramshackle Inn (1944)
# Henri de Montmorency, 3rd Duke of Montmorency

Henri de Montmorency, 3rd Duke of Montmorency (15 June 1534 in Chantilly, Oise – 2 April 1614), Marshal of France, and Constable of France, seigneur of Damville, served as Governor of Languedoc from 1563 to 1614.

## Biography

Born on 15 June 1534, Henri was the son of Anne de Montmorency and Madeleine of Savoy. As Gouverneur, he led an army into Toulouse, campaigning for nine months in 1570, and was chastized by the capitouls for letting Catholic property fall into the hands of a passing Protestant army without taking action. They accused Henri of being betraying the city and being in league with Protestants like his cousin Admiral Coligny. He responded by arresting four bourgeois and sending them to Paris with charges of slander. Henri also placed a procureur-général on the Parlement of Toulouse who was suspected of Protestantism. In October 1574 he joined with the Protestants of lower Languedoc, was deprived of his office by the Parlement of Toulouse, and arrests were made of his associates charged with conspiracy against the king. In the midst of these arrests, Henri hanged one of his own captains on a suspicion of poisoning, believing that Henry III of France was trying to kill him.
Henri became Duke of Montmorency on his brother François' death in 1579. As a leader of the party called the Politiques he took a prominent part in the French Wars of Religion. In 1593 Henri was made constable of France, but Henry IV kept him away from Languedoc, owing to his nickname "King of Languedoc".
Henri was purportedly a Grand Master of the Order of the Temple, according to the Charter of Larmenius.

## Issue

Henri and his first wife, Antoinette de La Marck (1542–1591), daughter of Robert IV de La Marck, had:
* Charlotte de Montmorency (1571–1636), married in 1591 Charles de Valois, Duke of Angoulême
* Marguerite de Montmorency (1577–1660), married in 1593, Anne de Lévis, Duke of Ventadour
Henri and his second wife, Louise de Budos (1575–1598), had:
* Charlotte Marguerite de Montmorency
* Henri II de Montmorency
Montmorency also fathered a number of children out of wedlock.
Catherine Guillens de Castellet
* Splendian (1606–1645)
* Jules (? – +1578)
Unknown mother
* Annibal bâtard de Montmorency (?–
* Henri (?–
* Cesar (?–
* Marie (?–
# Small Holy Family

The Small Holy Family (c. 1518–1519) is an oil-on-panel painting by Raphael and assistants, now in the Louvre in Paris. Its name distinguishes it from his Great Holy Family, also in the Louvre. It is signed and dated "RAPHAEL VRBINAS S[anti] PINGEBAT MDXVIII" on the hem of the Madonna's garment.
According to the 17th century writer André Félibién two further Louvre works Abundance and Ceres, both in monochrome, formed a cover to the Small Holy Family. Abundance has a signature "Raphael Uvrbinas", though this is usually considered a later addition. It may relate to cardinal Bibbiena, whose surname was "Dovizi[a]" (i.e. Abundance). It is a rare survival of a painting for so small a painting. It shows a figure in a niche on a base between marble mirrors, with a mask under the base, referring to an Aphrodite (Kunsthistorisches Museum) originally in the Loggia dei Marmi in the Palazzo Ducale di Mantova.
The work and its cover may have been commissioned from Raphael around 1519 by Pope Leo X as thanks for the services of Adrien Gouffier de Boissy, papal legate to France. de Boissy also owned John the Baptist as a Young Man in the Desert (Louvre), another work by Raphael and assistants, as well as a preparatory drawing for the Small Holy Family now in the Royal Collection at Windsor Castle. In 1622 it was recorded in the collection of the Count of Brienne, who then left it to Louis XIV.
Elizabeth's face and the cradle in the shape of an inverted tree trunk are reminiscent of other works by Raphael from that era such as Holy Family under an Oak Tree (Prado) and La Perla (Prado), both with assistance from Giulio Romano. The background landscape is influenced by the Danubian School.
# Henry Maxse

Lieutenant-Colonel Sir Henry Berkeley Fitzhardinge Maxse KCMG (1 January 1832 – 10 September 1883) was a British Army officer of the Crimean War and colonial official who was Governor of Newfoundland.

## Biography

Maxse was the son of James Maxse and Lady Caroline Fitzhardinge, daughter of the 5th Earl of Berkeley (pronounced Barkley).
Maxse was commissioned lieutenant in the Grenadier Guards in 1849 and transferred to the 13th Light Dragoons and then the 21st Foot in 1852. He was promoted captain in 1854 and transferred to the Coldstream Guards in 1855. He was promoted major in 1855 and lieutenant-colonel in 1863.
He was wounded at the Battle of Balaclava and received medals of honour for his service. He was lieutenant-governor of Heligoland in 1863 and appointed as governor the following year. Maxse became governor of Newfoundland in 1881.
Maxse was instrumental in the construction of the Newfoundland Railway. Most of his term as governor was spent in Germany with his wife, Auguste von Rudloff (d.1915). A noted German-language scholar, he published an English translation of Bismarck's Letters to his Wife and Sisters.
Maxse died as a result of the injuries he suffered at the Battle of Balaclava. He is buried in Brookwood Cemetery in Surrey.
# Woman with a Mirror (Giulio Romano)

Woman with a Mirror is a c. 1520 oil painting by Giulio Romano, originally on panel and transferred to canvas by A. Mitrochin in 1840.
Until the mid 19th century it was misattributed to Raphael. Frederick Hartt theorises that it was begun by the artist in Rome just before he moved to Mantua in 1524 and completed by Raffaellino del Colle.
It entered the Hermitage Museum under the title Portrait of the Young Beatrice d'Este, Duchess of Ferrara, but this cannot be correct since she had died in 1497 and was duchess of Milan not Ferrara, whilst no noblewoman of that time would have allowed herself to be portrayed naked. It was later known as Portrait of Lucrezia Borgia, daughter of Pope Alexander VI and consort of the Duke of Ferrara Alfonso I d'Este.
# Zambar, Iraq

Zambar (Arabic: زمبر) is a small desert village in Tel Afar District of Nineveh Governorate of northern Iraq. It is located about 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) southeast of Tel Afar and about 50 kilometres (31 mi) directly west of Mosul. It is located about halfway between Tel Afar and the larger settlement of Shaikh Ibrahim, further to the southeast.

## History

The Germans discovered oil at Zanbar and Qusair in the 1930s and began drilling; a team of German and Italian workers were deployed to tap the resources.

## Geography

Zambar is located in northern Iraq, about 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) southeast of Tel Afar. There is a mountain, Jabal Zambar, of about 525 metres (1,722 ft) above sea level, about 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) to the northeast. A stream runs intermittently down from the mountain.