OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Romanian Baccalaureate

The Bacalaureat (or bac for short) is an exam held in Romania when one graduates high school (Romanian: liceu).

## Romania
### History

The Romanian Baccalaureate has evolved over time. In 2010 they removed physical education from the subject to be chosen list.

### Present

Unlike the French Baccalaureate, the Romanian one has a single degree. The subjects (except subject A) depend on the profile studied (Romanian: profil de studiu): mathematics and computer science (Romanian: matematică-informatică), philology (Romanian: filologie), natural sciences (Romanian: științe ale naturii), social sciences (Romanian: științe sociale), or various other vocational tracks (Romanian: filiera vocaţională), and the candidate's choice.
The exam covers the whole high school curriculum and the marking scale is between 1 and 10. In order to pass, students must obtain at least 5.00 in every subject with a minimum of 6.00 overall. All the graduates in the country take the exam at the same time. The subjects vary from profile to profile.

## Subjects

The baccalaureate has up to 5 modules, each one graded separately. Module E, the written examination, is the one considered for admission to higher education.

### Competence exams

A, B and D are marked with: Beginner, Average, Advanced and Experienced.
    A: Romanian language - oral examination.
    B: Maternal Language - if different from Romanian, and if studied; oral examination.
    C: foreign language - oral and written examination; graded on the CEFR scale, from A1 to B2.
    D: computer skills.

### Written exams

Each exam takes three hours.
    E)a): Romanian Language and Literature.
    E)b): Maternal Language and Literature - if different from Romanian, and if studied.
    E)c): compulsory subject (of the profile).
    E)d): subject to be chosen (of the profile).
| Profile | c) Subject | d) Subject |
| Theoretical: Sciences | Mathematics(M1) | Computer Science (C/C++ or Pascal), Physics, Biology (Botany and Zoology/ Human Anatomy and Physiology. Genetics and Ecology), or Chemistry (Organic/Inorganic) |
| Theoretical: Humanities | History | Geography, Logic, Psychology, Economics, Sociology, Philosophy |
| Technological: Technical | Mathematics(M2) | Physics, Biology (Botany and Zoology/ Human Anatomy and Physiology. Genetics and Ecology), or Chemistry (Organic/Inorganic) |
| Technological: Services | Mathematics(M2) | Geography, Logic, Psychology, Economics, Philosophy |
| Vocational: Pedagogy | Mathematics(M3) | Geography, Logic, Psychology, Economics, Philosophy |
| Vocational: Military | Mathematics(M1) | Computer Science (C/C++ or Pascal), Physics, Biology (Botany and Zoology/ Human Anatomy and Physiology. Genetics and Ecology), or Chemistry (Organic/Inorganic) |
| Vocational: Other | History | Geography, Logic, Psychology, Economics, Philosophy |
M1,M2 and M3 are gradings for the amount of math classes per week.M1 means at least 4 math classes per week,M2 means three math classes per week and M3 means two math classes per week.They vary from profile to profile and specialization to specialization.
# Ministry of Agriculture (Iraq)

The Ministry of Agriculture (Arabic: وزارة الزراعة العراقية) is one of the ministries of the Iraqi government. Its task is to manage public and private agriculture in Iraq. Since 2022 the Minister is Abbas Jabr Al-Alyawi
# Vicente Camacho y Moya

Vicente María Camacho y Moya (June 8, 1886 − February 18, 1943) was a Mexican Roman Catholic bishop.
Moya was ordained to the priesthood on December 5, 1909, and in 1930 was named bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Tabasco, Mexico.
He died in 1943 while still in office.
# Haji Baba Sheikh

Haji Baba Sheikh (Kurdish: Hacî Baba Şêx – Bukan) was the Kurdish prime minister of the Republic of Mahabad. After the republic was conquered by the Imperial Iranian Army in 1947, unlike Qazi Muhammad, he was not executed. He was immune because of his religious standing. The journalist and lyric Hemin Mukriyani was his secretary during the republic.

## Literature

* Archie Roosevelt, Jr., "The Kurdish Republic of Mahabad", Middle East Journal, no. 1 (July 1947), pp. 247–269
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# Lin Xiangqian

Lin Xiangqian (Chinese: 林向前, born 27 January 1987 in Jiangsu province) is a Chinese long-distance runner from Suzhou, Jiangsu province who specializes in the 3000 metres steeplechase.
He finished fifth at the 2006 World Junior Championships, won the bronze medal at the 2006 Asian Games and the silver medal at the 2009 Asian Championships. He won the 5000 metres event at the 11th National Chinese Games in 2009.
His personal best time is 8:27.14 minutes, achieved in October 2009 in Jinan. He also has 3:46.35 minutes in the 1500 metres, achieved in September 2003 in Shanghai; 8:11.28 minutes in the 3000 metres, achieved in April 2004 in Yichun; 13:46.42 minutes in the 5000 metres, achieved in April 2005 in Zhongshan; and 29:46.83 minutes in the 10,000 metres, achieved in May 2006 in Zhengzhou.
# Vidojevica

Vidojevica (Serbian: Видојевица) is a mountain in central Serbia, near the town of Prokuplje. Its highest peak, Bandera, has an elevation of 1,155 m (3,789 ft) above sea level.

## Astronomical station

On the top of the mountain, there is an astronomical observatory operated by the Belgrade Observatory. The facility is at an altitude of 1,150 m (3,770 ft) and has minimal light pollution.
A 60 cm (24 in) Cassegrain telescope was installed in spring of 2011. It was named "Nedeljković", after Milan Nedeljković (1857–1950), the first director and founder of Belgrade Observatory in 1887. In the next phase, in spring 2016, a 1.4 m (4 ft 7 in) fully robotic telescope was installed at the station. It has been named "Milanković", after geophysicist, civil engineer and astronomer Milutin Milanković, who was the director of the Observatory from 1948 to 1951.
# Giovanni Battista Niccolini

Giovanni Battista Niccolini (29 October 1782 – 20 September 1861) was an Italian poet and playwright of the Italian unification movement or Risorgimento.

## Life

In 1782, Niccolini was born in Bagni San Giuliano to a family of limited means. He initiated studied in law at the University of Pisa, but also pursued studies in classical languages. The upheavals of the Napoleonic era and the early death of his father led him to seek employment. In 1807, he was named professor of history and mythology at the Accademia di Belle Arti of Florence.
He wrote his first play in Greek in 1810. The play was strongly based on Greek legend and it was called Polissena. This tragedy about the sacrifice of a virgin was so favourably received that his next three plays were also tragedies. He also served as librarian and tutor. Despite his republican leanings, he was spared retribution by the administration of the returning Grand Duke Ferdinand III, and obtained a post as Palatine librarian.
Over the years, Niccolini became more attached to the scholarly pre-eminence of classic learning, but also to the pre-eminence of the Tuscan dialect and writers such as Dante. In the post-Napoleonic years, controversy arose about the Accademia della Crusca's dominance in defining the Italian language. In the 1820s, an unexpected inheritance from his maternal family gave him some financial stability. In 1827, his play Foscarini, was mostly praised by audiences, although maligned by others for presumed anti-Catholic themes. His next play (1831) based on the controversial history of Giovanni da Procida, seen in this work as a defender of Italian liberty, faced opposition by both the French and Austrian diplomats. In 1834, he published another tragedy based on events in Italian history of Ludovico Sforza. This was followed by Rosmonda d'Inghilterra in 1839. In 1847, he published Filippo Strozzi, in which the Florentine hero fights against foreign forces for the liberty of his Tuscany.
In 1846 his play, Arnold of Brescia: A Tragedy. was translated by the English immigrant Theodosia Trollope into English and published. This work was also taken up by Robert Browning. The work evoked the patriotism of those seeking to free Italy from the control of foreign and papal forces.
Niccolini died in Florence in 1861. He is buried in the Church of Santa Croce, Florence close to Machiavelli.

## Works

* Polissena (1810)
* Edipo (1810–15)
* Ino e Temisto (1810–15)
* Medea (1810–15)
* Nabucco (1815)
* Matilde (1815)
* Giovanni da Procida (1817)
* Antonio Foscarini (1823)
* Lodovico il Moro (1833)
* Rosmunda d'Inghilterra (1834)
* Beatrice Cenci (1838)[49]
* Arnaldo da Brescia (1840)
* Le Coefore (1844)
* Filippo Strozzi (1846)
* Mario e i Cimbri (1848)
* HISTORY OF THE JESUITS: Their Origin, Progress, Doctrines, and Designs (1854)

## On popular culture

Some of his words were used in the book reading by La lettrice sculpture created by Pietro Magni.

## Legacy

There is a Via Giovanni Battista Niccolini in Chinatown in Milan.
# Swastika Laundry

The Swastika Laundry was an Irish business founded in 1912, located on Shelbourne Road, Ballsbridge, a district of Dublin. Due to its name and logo being associated with the Nazi Party in Germany, the name was changed in 1939 but their logo endured.

## History

The laundry was founded by John W. Brittain (1872–1937) from Manorhamilton, County Leitrim, who was one of the "pioneers of the laundry business in Ireland", having founded the Metropolitan and White Heather Laundries in 1899. He was also the owner of a famous horse called Swastika Rose which was well known "to frequenters of the Royal Dublin's Society's Shows". The use of the Swastika name was as an ancient Indian symbol of good luck: its name originates from the Sanskrit svastika.
In 1939, the laundry changed its name to "The Swastika Laundry (1912)" to make clear the distinction between its use of the name and symbol and the more recent adoption of the symbol by the Nazi Party in Germany.
The company used electric vans, painted in red with a white swastika on a black roundel, to collect and deliver laundry to customers. The vans were quite ahead of their time.
It continued to exist as a separate company until the late 1960s, when it was bought out by the Spring Grove Laundry company, which continued to operate from the same site in Ballsbridge until selling the site in the early 21st century. The logo and name continued in use until the late 1980's, when it became rebranded as Spring Grove Services.

## Later history of site

Even following the closure of the laundry, its brick chimney, emblazoned with a large white swastika, remained visible for some years from many places in the surrounding area, including the Merrion Road, a main road south from Dublin.
Spring Grove sold the property for redevelopment in the early 21st century during the Dublin property boom of the 1990s and 2000s, as Ballsbridge was by then a popular and exclusive area of Dublin 4. An office development called "The Oval" was constructed on the site. The chimney, which is a protected structure, survives, but the painted swastika does not. The chimney is surrounded by the "oval" of the new development.

## Cultural references

In his Irisches Tagebuch (Irish Journal) (1957), the future Nobel Laureate, Heinrich Böll, writes about a year spent living in the west of Ireland in the 1950s. While in Dublin, before heading to County Mayo, he:
   ... was almost run over by a bright-red panel truck whose sole decoration was a big swastika. Had someone sold Völkischer Beobachter delivery trucks here, or did the Völkischer Beobachter still have a branch office here? This one looked exactly like those I remembered; but the driver crossed himself as he smilingly signalled to me to proceed, and on closer inspection I saw what had happened. It was simply the "Swastika Laundry," which had painted the year of its founding, 1912, clearly beneath the swastika; but the mere possibility that it might have been one of those others was enough to take my breath away.
# Ispahdost

Ispahdost (Persian: اسپهدوست) or Isfahdust (Arabic: اسفهدوست), was a Daylamite military officer who served the Buyid dynasty. He first appears as an officer of the Buyid ruler Mu'izz al-Dawla during his conquest of Abbasid Iraq in 945. Furthermore, Ispahdost is later mentioned as the brother-in-law of Mu'izz al-Dawla, and one year later, participated in the defense of Baghdad against the Hamdanids. In 948, Ispahdost, along with the Abbasid caliph al-Muti, planned a plot against Mu'izz al-Dawla, which, however, Mu'izz al-Dawla became informed of, and had Ispahdost imprisoned, who soon died.

## Sources

* Amedroz, Henry F.; Margoliouth, David S., eds. (1921). The Eclipse of the 'Abbasid Caliphate. Original Chronicles of the Fourth Islamic Century, Vol. V: The concluding portion of The Experiences of Nations by Miskawaihi, Vol. II: Reigns of Muttaqi, Mustakfi, Muti and Ta'i. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.
* Donohue, John J. (2003). The Buwayhid Dynasty in Iraq 334 H./945 to 403 H./1012: Shaping Institutions for the Future. Leiden and Boston: Brill. ISBN 90-04-12860-3.
* This biographical article related to the military of Iran is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# Name resolution (computer systems)

In computer systems, name resolution refers to the retrieval of the underlying numeric values corresponding to computer hostnames, account user names, group names, and other named entities.
Computer operating systems commonly employ multiple key/value lists that associate easily remembered names with integer numbers used to identify users, groups, other computers, hardware devices, and other entities. In that context, name resolution refers to the retrieval of numeric values given the associated names, while reverse name resolution refers to the opposite process of finding name(s) associated with specified numeric values:
* In computer networking, it refers to processes used to obtain the assigned IP addresses needed to communicate with devices whose host or domain names are known. Examples include the Domain Name System (DNS), Network Information Service and Multicast DNS (mDNS). IP addresses for devices on the local segment can in turn be resolved to MAC addresses by invoking the Address Resolution Protocol (ARP).
* Unix operating systems associate both an alphanumeric name and a user or group ID with each user account or defined group of user names.
The GNU C Library provides various operating system facilities that shell commands and other applications can call to resolve such names to the corresponding addresses or IDs, and vice versa. Some Linux distributions use an nsswitch.conf file to specify the order in which multiple resolution services are used to effect such lookups.
# Hareid IL

Hareid Idrettslag is a Norwegian multi-sports club from Hareid, Møre og Romsdal. It has sections for association football, team handball, gymnastics and track and field.
The club was founded as Hareid Turnlag on 28 December 1922, only practicing gymnastics. Sections for football, handball and athletics were added after World War II, and the club name changed to reflect its multi-sport status. The club saw the most success in both football and athletics in the 1980s.
The men's football team plays in the Fourth Division, the fifth tier of Norwegian football. After playing on the third tier, Hareid was relegated in 1992 and had lengthy stints in the Third Division (the fourth tier) from 1993 to 1998 and 2001 to 2010.
The women's football team plays in the Fifth Division.
Among its most accomplished footballers are Fredrik Aursnes. Within athletics, middle-distance runner Trine Pilskog represented Hareid IL. She competed at the European Championships, Olympic Games and World Championships.
# Larry Ferguson

Larry Pearly Ferguson (March 19, 1940 – May 31, 2015) was a college football player for the University of Iowa. He was named a first-team All-American in 1960 and played one season for the Detroit Lions. He has six kids Darrick, Lori, Larry Jr., Vicki, Rachella, and James. He also has 8 grandchildren. Laurel, Camille, Jerome Jr., Christian, Brandon, Alyssa, Cameron, and Edmund Jr.

## College career

Larry Ferguson only carried the ball nine times for Iowa as a sophomore in 1959, but he gained national attention as a junior in 1960. He had an 85-yard touchdown run in the season opener against Oregon State, and he had a 70-yard interception return for a touchdown the following week. In Iowa’s final conference game that season, Ferguson had a 91-yard touchdown run against Ohio State to help give Iowa a 35-12 victory and a share of the 1960 Big Ten title. He was voted first-team all-Big Ten and first-team All-American as a junior in 1960.
In 1961, Ferguson suffered a season ending knee injury in the first quarter of the first game. He was given a medical redshirt and returned for his senior season in 1962. As a senior in 1962, Larry Ferguson led the Hawkeyes in rushing with 547 yards and was named all-Big Ten. As team captain, he helped lead Iowa to victories over Michigan and Ohio State, the first time Iowa had ever defeated both of those schools in the same season.
Ferguson played in the 1963 College All-Star Game. His season average of 7.39 yards per carry in 1960 still stands as a school record. In 1989, Iowa fans selected an all-time University of Iowa football team during the 100th anniversary celebration of Iowa football, and Larry Ferguson was an honorable mention selection at running back.

## Professional career

Ferguson played one season with the Detroit Lions of the National Football League (NFL) in 1963. He then played for the Edmonton Eskimos of the Canadian Football League (CFL) from 1964 to 1965 and the Toronto Argonauts of the CFL from 1965 to 1967.
# Münchwilen District

Münchwilen District is one of the five districts of the canton of Thurgau, Switzerland. It has a population of 48,285 (as of 31 December 2020). Its capital is the town of Münchwilen.
The district contains the following municipalities:
| Municipality | Population (31 December 2020) | Area km$^2$ |
| Aadorf | 9,216 | 20.0 |
| Bettwiesen | 1,228 | 3.85 |
| Bichelsee-Balterswil | 2,949 | 12.27 |
| Braunau | 801 | 9.19 |
| Eschlikon | 4,577 | 6.20 |
| Fischingen | 2,836 | 30.67 |
| Lommis | 1,243 | 8.63 |
| Münchwilen | 5,830 | 7.78 |
| Rickenbach | 2,826 | 1.57 |
| Sirnach | 7,901 | 12.43 |
| Tobel-Tägerschen | 1,589 | 7.07 |
| Wängi | 4,766 | 16.41 |
| Wilen | 2,523 | 2.26 |
| Total (13) | 48,285 | 138.22 |
# Eulophia stenopetala

Eulophia stenopetala is a species of orchid endemic to Bhutan. The only material on this species from Bhutan is the holotype specimen collected by William Griffith in Bhutan in 1838 and resides at the Kew Herbarium with catalogue number K000852991. Another specimen without any information on its location is also available at the Naturalis Biodiversity Center with catalogue number U.1466607. The plant is currently considered extinct as numerous attempts to find it in the type locality failed.

## Etymology

The epithet "stenopetala" was derived from Greek meaning narrow petals.

## Description

This is a terrestrial orchid which grows on dry hills at around 1800m. It grows to 30-50cm in height. Pseudobulbs are irregular and the flowering scape is erect and ridged with clasping sheaths. Clasping sheaths are distant and ovate-lanceolate in shape. Two leaves present and they are linear in shape. Flowers are purple with darker purple veins. Special character if this species is the club-shaped spur of the flower.

## Type status

The type locality of this plant is near Thinleygang in Punakha District.
# Howard Petway

Howard Harrison Petway (March 1884 – October 27, 1918) was an American Negro league pitcher in the 1900s.
A native of Nashville, Tennessee, Petway was the brother of fellow Negro leaguer Bruce Petway. He played for the Leland Giants in 1906. Petway died in St. Paul, Minnesota in 1918 at age 34.
# Skrzeszew E

Skrzeszew E is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Repki, within Sokołów County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.
# Armich Kola

Armich Kola (Persian: ارميچ كلا, also Romanized as Ārmīch Kolā) is a village in Pazevar Rural District, Rudbast District, Babolsar County, Mazandaran Province, Iran. According to the 2006 census, its population was 805, residing in 221 families.
# Segrdkan, Iraq

Segrdkan (Kurdish: سێگردکان, romanized: Sêgirdikan) is a village and subdistrict in Erbil Governorate in the Kurdistan Region, Iraq. It is located in Koy Sinjaq District.
# Gorsky

Gorsky (Russian: Горский), Gorskaya (feminine; Горская), or Gorskoye (neuter; Горское) may refer to:

## Places

* Gorsky (rural locality) (Gorskaya, Gorskoye), name of several rural localities in Russia
* Gorskaya railway station, a locality and train station in Sestroretsk, St. Petersburg, Russia
* Gorskoye (Hirske), the Russian name for a city in Luhansk, Ukraine

## Other uses

* Gorsky (surname)
* Good luck, Mr. Gorsky, an urban legend about the Apollo 11 Moon landing
# Abel Davies

Abel Christmas Davies (1861 – 18 June 1914) was a Welsh international rugby union wing who played club rugby for London Welsh and international rugby for Wales. Davies was a tall but powerful wing, and was noted as being able to sprint 100 yards in exactly ten seconds.

## Rugby career

Davies came to note as a rugby player when representing London Welsh, while studying medicine in London. He was part of the London Welsh team which face the touring New Zealand Natives in February 1889. Although London Welsh lost 2-1, Davies scored the try against the Maoris.
It was while playing for London Welsh that Davies was selected to represent Wales as part of the 1889 Home Nations Championship; becoming the third player from the club to be chosen for their country that season. The other representatives being Rowley Thomas and Martyn Jordan. Davies made his Wales debut on 2 March, at St Helen's in a game against Ireland. Captained by Wales legendary player Arthur 'Monkey' Gould, Davies was one of three players to make just a single-cap appearance during the game, along with Llanelli's Giotto Griffiths and Thomas Morgan. The Irish won the game by two ties to nil and was the first Irish win in Wales. Davies lost his position in the next season to Percy Lloyd and was never selected for Wales again.

### International matches played

Wales
* Ireland 1889