OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Die Brennessel

Die Brennessel (German: The Stinging Nettle) was a weekly satirical magazine which was published in Munich, Germany, between 1931 and 1938. It was one of the publications which were established to gain popularity among Germans in favor of the Nazi Party. The magazine employed humor as a tool for Nazi propaganda.

## History and profile

Die Brennessel was first published in January 1931. The start of the magazine was announced in the official magazine of the Nazi Party, Illustrierter Beobachter, stating "We set our new weekly journal Die Brennessel against this poison of Jewish incitement and of making things contemptuous. It will be an excellent propaganda weapon for our supporters." The publisher of Die Brennessel was the Munich-based Franz Eher Nachfolger, which was affiliated with the Nazi Party. The company published many propaganda brochures, books and periodicals of the party before the start of the magazine. More importantly, it was the publisher of Adolf Hitler's book Mein Kampf. Max Amann was the director of the company.
Die Brennessel was modeled on Simplicissimus. The magazine had a high-quality layout and addressed not only Nazi Party members, but also those who were critics of the Weimar Republic. Its editor was Wilhelm Weiss.
In 1932 Die Brennessel managed to sell 40,000 copies weekly, making it the best-selling satirical magazine in the country. Later the magazine enjoyed much higher circulation levels, selling 80,000 copies. From 1933, when the Nazis won the elections, the satirical content of Die Brennessel became much more aggressive, particularly against the Jews. This approach was soon adopted by other satirical magazines such as Simplicissimus and Kladderadatsch. Die Brennessel began losing its readers and fame in 1936, and folded in 1938 due to low circulation levels of around 5,000 copies. One of the reasons for its failure was its inability to provide Germans with something entertaining.
# Barber Cup and Crawford Cup

The Barber Cup and Crawford Cup are two non-matching carved fluorite cups from about 50–100 AD. They were discovered during World War I by an Austro-Croatian officer who excavated a Roman tomb near the current Turkish–Syrian border. Both cups are now in the collection of the British Museum, which acquired the Crawford Cup in 1971 and the Barber Cup in 2004. The two cups are the only two vessels carved from fluorite (also known as fluorspar) that are known to have survived intact from the Roman period.

## Murrine vessels

Hardstone carvings were highly valued luxury items in the Roman Empire. Pliny the Elder wrote about exorbitant amounts of money spent for cups made of "murrine" (almost certainly fluorite). Cups made from the stone gave a strange, pleasing taste to wine drunk from them. This was probably from residual resin (perhaps myrrh) that was applied to the stones, while they were carved, to prevent shattering. Pliny described the softness of the material (one Roman counsel nibbled at the edges of his cup) as well as its many-colored, banded appearance. The source of murrine was Persia.

## Discovery and provenance

The two cups were discovered with other items in a Roman tomb near the modern border between Turkey and Syria by an Austro-Croatian officer during World War I. Inside the tomb was a lead casket containing some gold medallions and the two fluorite vessels. All the items were dispersed shortly after World War I.
It is unclear who originally purchased the two-handled cup, but by 1949 it was in the possession of A.I. Loewental. The Art Fund acquired this vessel for the British Museum in 1971 at a cost of £2,300, and named it the Crawford Cup after David Lindsay, 28th Earl of Crawford, a trustee of the museum. The Crawford Cup is a two-handled goblet or kantharos, whose Roman origin is reinforced by its close similarity in design with the Cup of the Ptolemies, an agate kantharos now in Paris. It measures 9.7 cm high by 10.7 cm in diameter. It is 14.9 cm wide (including the handles) and weighs 867 g.
The one-handled cup was acquired by the Belgian collector Baron Adolphe Stoclet in Paris during the 1920s. In 2004, The Art Fund and other donors acquired this cup for British Museum via the antiquities dealer Charles Ede for £150,000, and named it the Barber Cup after the former chairman of the British Museum Friends, Nicholas Barber. The Barber Cup has a low-relief design of a vine and grapes, and may have been intended as a trulla, or dipper. It measures 15 cm high (13.5 cm without the handle) by 9.5 cm wide (at the rim). The foot is 6.4 cm in diameter.
# Bash Mahalleh-ye Lavandevil

Bash Mahalleh-ye Lavandevil (Persian: باش محله لوندويل, also Romanized as Bāsh Maḩalleh-ye Lavandevīl; also known as Bāsh Maḩalleh) is a village in Chelevand Rural District, Lavandevil District, Astara County, Gilan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 1,299, in 298 families.

## Language

Linguistic composition of the village.
Bash Mahalleh-ye Lavandevil linguistic composition
language
percent
Talysh
90%
Azerbaijani
10% :
# Earl Richardson (baseball)

Earl Allen Richardson (November 22, 1924 – April 9, 2003) was an American baseball shortstop in the Negro leagues.
A native of Montclair, New Jersey, Richardson attended Montclair High School. He played with the Newark Eagles as a teenager in 1943, and served in the US Navy during World War II. Richardson died in Parsippany, New Jersey in 2003 at age 78.
# Krasny Zilim

Krasny Zilim (Russian: Красный Зилим; Bashkir: Ҡыҙыл Еҙем, Qıźıl Yeźem) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative center of Krasnozilimsky Selsoviet, Arkhangelsky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 534 as of 2010. There are 10 streets.

## Geography

Krasny Zilim is located 19 km southwest of Arkhangelskoye (the district's administrative centre) by road. Orlovka is the nearest rural locality.
# Hope Temple

Hope Temple, born as Alice Maude Davis (27 December 1859 – 10 May 1938) was an Irish songwriter and composer. She was also known as Mrs André Messager.

## Life

Alice Davis was born in Dublin, Ireland, and was known professionally as Hope Temple. She moved with her family to England aged 12 and began composing ballads at the age of 14. Initially she studied music with the idea of becoming a pianist, but an injury in a riding accident caused her to give up her ambitions. Her teachers in London included John Francis Barnett (piano) and Edouard Silas (harmony and counterpoint). In the early 1890s she continued her studies in Paris with André Wormser and André Messager. In 1892, her operetta The Wooden Spoon was produced in London (also in New York, 1893), but she was known primarily for her songs, some of which became very popular. Her song My Lady's Bower is sung by Molly Bloom in James Joyce's Ulysses.
In 1892, a reproduction of a photograph of her taken by Alex Bassano of Old Bond Street, London, was published in the Strand Magazine, as part of a series called "Types of English Beauty".
In 1894, she assisted Messager in writing the opera Mirette, and then became his second wife in 1895.
Hope Temple died in Folkestone, England.

## Selected works

Stage
* The Wooden Spoon (1892)
* Mirette, opéra comique (1894), with Andre Messager, Fred E. Weatherly, Harry Greenbank and Adrian Ross
Songs
* In Sweet September (Fred E. Weatherly), 1880
* Tis all that I can say (Thomas Hood), 1880
* She Walks in Beauty (Lord Byron), 1881
* An Old Garden (Helen Marion Burnside), c.1886
* My Lady's Bower (Fred E. Weatherly), 1887
* A Golden Argosy (Fred E. Weatherly), 1889
* Love and Friendship (John Muir), 1889
* Mary Grey (Clifton Bingham), 1890
* Rory Darlin' (Fred E. Weatherly), 1892
* Adieu l'amour / Love's Adieu (Catulle Blée), 1893
* Auf Wiederseh'n (Henry Wadsworth Longfellow), 1893
* Colin Deep (William Akerman), 1895
* The Garden of Dreams (Clifton Bingham), 1900
* Au bord des flots (Louis Fortolis), 1905
Piano music
* A Summer Dream (1895)
* A Night in Seville (c.1921)
# Karenis

40°23′30″N 44°36′26″E﻿ / ﻿40.39167°N 44.60722°E﻿ / 40.39167; 44.60722
Karenis (Armenian: Կարենիս; formerly, Gyumush and Glamuzh) is a village in Kotayk Province of Armenia.
# 184th Division

184th Division or 184th Infantry Division may refer to:
* 184th Division (People's Republic of China)
* 184th Infantry Division "Nembo"
* 184th Rifle Division (Soviet Union)
# Mehdinlu

Mehdinlu (Persian: مهدينلو, also Romanized as Mehdīnlū and Mahdīnlū; also known as Mehdīlū) is a village in Shurakat-e Jonubi Rural District, Ilkhchi District, Osku County, East Azerbaijan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 741, in 185 families.
# Science and technology in Iceland

Science and technology in Iceland is well developed with the presence of several universities and research institutes.
According to the Global Innovation Index, Iceland was the 22th most innovative country in the world in 2024

## Government policy

Science and technology in Iceland are regulated by the Science and Technology Policy Council, which is chaired by the Prime Minister. In 2021, the government spent 28 billion ISK on research, a 130% increase over spending in 2017.
# Panjabari

Panjabari (Assamese: পাঞ্জাবাৰী) is a locality in Guwahati, Assam, India.
Located in the south eastern part of Guwahati, it is surrounded by hills, except the northern and western sides. It is surrounded by the localities of Khanapara, Sixmile, Bormotoria, Borbari and Narengi. It is 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) and 29 kilometres (18 mi) away from Guwahati Railway Station and Lokpriya Gopinath Bordoloi International Airport, respectively. It preserves its natural scenery, though it is going towards deforestation due to population pressure.

## Etymology

The word Panjabari has been derived from two words, i.e., 'Panja' which is referred to as the 'Footprint of Tigers', indicating the presence of Tigers in the region during the past times, and, 'Bari' meaning 'Backyard'.
Also, the locality of Panjabari has a place named Bagharbari, i.e., 'Bagh' meaning 'Tiger' and 'Bari' meaning 'Backyard', which translates to "Tiger's Backyard", which again indicates the presence of Tigers in the region during the past times.

## Places of Interest

* Srimanta Sankardev Kalakshetra
* Shilpgram NEZCC
* Bipanan Khetra
* Batahghuli Bazar
* Panjabari Durga Mandir
* Batahghuli Shani Mandir
* Batahghuli Ganesh Mandir

## Offices

* Assam Information Commission
* Assam State Film (Finance and Development) Corporation Ltd.
* CBSE Regional Office
* Office Of The Commissioner, Panchayat & Rural Development Department
* Purabi Dairy (West Assam Milk Producers' Co-operative Union Ltd.)
* Assam State Rural Livelihood Mission
# Mose Rison

Mose Rison (July 22, 1956 – September 7, 2022) was an American football player and coach He was the 20th head coach football coach at North Carolina Central University in Durham, North Carolina, serving from 2007 to 2010 and compiling a record of 16–22.
A native of Flint, Michigan, Rison played college football from 1974 to 1977 as a running back at Central Michigan University, rushing for 2,838 career yards. He died on September 7, 2022.
# Kurgash

Kurgash (Russian: Кургаш; Bashkir: Ҡурғаш, Qurğaş) is a rural locality (a village) in Bakaldinsky Selsoviet, Arkhangelsky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 113 as of 2010. There are 3 streets.

## Geography

Kurgash is located 16 km east of Arkhangelskoye (the district's administrative centre) by road. Terekly is the nearest rural locality.
# Inverpeffer

Inverpeffer (Scottish Gaelic: Inbhir Pheofhair, lit. 'Mouth of the shining/beautiful stream') was a hamlet that once existed in Angus, Scotland until around 1941, when it was demolished during the building of East Haven airfield.
David of Inverpeffer was one of the signatories to the Performance of Fealty to Edward I, signed in August 1296 at Berwick upon Tweed.
It was on a return journey from Inverpeffer to Barry in 1797 that loomwright Thomas Lowson fell asleep in grassland belonging to Major William Phillips. Lowson, enamoured of the area, approached Phillips, securing a feu of land, and built the first house in the village that was to become Carnoustie.
Today, a single building from the former hamlet remains.
# Narathu (disambiguation)

Narathu (1118–1171) was a 12th century King of Pagan.
Narathu (Burmese: နရသူ) may also refer to:
* Narathu of Pinya, King of Pinya, r. 1359−1364
* Min Khayi, King of Arakan, r. 1433–1459
# Farmeshkan Rural District

Farmeshkan Rural District (Persian: دهستان فرمشكان) is in the Central District of Kavar County, Fars province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Deh Shib.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the rural district's population (as a part of the former Kavar District of Shiraz County) was 6,300 in 1,429 households. There were 6,220 inhabitants in 1,715 households at the following census of 2011, by which time the district had been separated from the county in the establishment of Kavar County. The rural district was transferred to the new Central District. The 2016 census measured the population of the rural district as 5,883 in 1,809 households. The most populous of its 20 villages was Abadeh Abgarm, with 1,643 people.
# Sergei Anokhin (footballer)

Sergei Nikolayevich Anokhin (Russian: Серге́й Николаевич Анохин; born 15 March 1981) is a Russian former professional football player.

## Club career

He played 3 seasons in the Russian Football National League for FC Vityaz Podolsk and FC Avangard Kursk.
# Abu Ya'la ibn al-Farra'

Abū Yaʿlā Muḥammad ibn al-Ḥusayn Ibn al-Farrāʾ (April 990 – 15 August 1066), commonly known as al-Qāḍī Abū Yaʿlā or simply as Ibn al-Farrāʾ, was a Hanbali Jurist, Athari theologian.
Abu Ya'la was a Mujtahid scholar, judge, and one of the early Muslim jurists who played dynamic roles in formulating a systematic legal framework and constitutional theory on Islamic system of government during the first half of 11th century in Baghdad.

## Works

al-Qāḍī Abū Yaʿlā authored many works, including:
* Kitāb al-Muʿtamad fī Uṣūl al-Dīn
* al-Aḥkām al-Sulṭāniyya
* Ibṭāl al-Taʾwīlāt li-Aḫbār al-Sifāt
* al-ʿUdda fī Uṣūl al-Fiqh
# Kevin Roberson

Kevin Lynn Roberson (born January 29, 1968) is a former professional baseball player. He played from 1993 to 1996 for the Chicago Cubs and New York Mets of Major League Baseball (MLB). He was an outfielder. When Roberson hit a home run, broadcaster Harry Caray would declare, "They're dancing in the streets in Decatur, Illinois!"
# Berezovka, Arkhangelsky District, Republic of Bashkortostan

Berezovka (Russian: Берёзовка) is a rural locality (a village) in Irnykshinsky Selsoviet, Arkhangelsky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 44 as of 2010. There is 1 street.

## Geography

Berezovka is located 19 km northwest of Arkhangelskoye (the district's administrative centre) by road. Karakul is the nearest rural locality.
# Qameshlu, Markazi

Qameshlu (Persian: قمشلو, also Romanized as Qameshlū) is a village in Khondab Rural District, in the Central District of Khondab County, Markazi Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 26, in 6 families.
# Mary Morton

Mary Morton (21 March 1879 – 15 June 1965) was a British sculptor.

## Early life and education

Morton was born in Stroud, England on 21 March 1879. Her father was George Morton, a surgeon who was born around 1839 in the East Indies. She attended the Bristol School of Art before studying at the modelling school of the Royal College of Art between 1911 and 1913.

## Professional career

In 1913 Morton became a Royal West of England Academy Academician. In 1928 she became an Associate of the Royal Society of British Sculptors before becoming a Fellow in 1948. Her work was part of the sculpture event in the art competition at the 1948 Summer Olympics. She also worked closely with the Associate of the Society of Women Artists and exhibited 105 works with the society between 1913 and 1960.
Her sculpture of Charles Kennedy Scott is held by the Trinity Laban Conservatoire of Music and Dance and her woodcarving, Study of a Nude Girl beneath a Tree Carved with Foliage, is held by the Royal West of England Academy. During World War II she worked as an ARP warden at Princess Beatrice Hospital.

## Death

Morton died on 15 June 1965 in Sopworth House, 4 Rosecroft Avenue, Hampstead, London. At the time of her death, her estate was worth £22,900.

## Exhibitions

* Aberdeen Artists' Society Exhibition of Works of Modern Artists, 1929 and 1931.
* Bristol Academy – 1907, 1913 and 1915.
* City of Manchester Art Gallery – 1927.
* Leeds City Art Gallery – 1910 and 1927.
* Royal Academy – 1909, 1912–1919, 1921–1922, 1927–1928, 1930–1935 and 1940–1941.
* The Royal Glasgow Institute of the Fine Arts, exhibited 12 times between 1923 and 1940.
* The Royal Scottish Academy – Exhibited two works in 1914, two works in 1927, one work in 1928, one work in 1929, one work in 1930, one work in 1932, one work in 1934, one work in 1935, one work in 1936, two works in 1937, one work in 1939, one work in 1940, one work in 1941, one work in 1942, one work in 1944, two works in 1946 and one work in 1948.
* Royal West of England Academy – 1916, 1918, 1919, 1920, 1921, 1922, 1923–1924, 1924, 1925–1926, 1926–1927, 1927–1928, 1928–1829 and 1929–1930.
# Rowshandan

Rowshandan (Persian: روشندان, also Romanized as Rowshandān) is a village in Bahnemir Rural District, Bahnemir District, Babolsar County, Mazandaran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 830, in 214 families.
# Bet, Queen of Jordan

Bet, Queen of Jordan (Dutch: Bet de koningin van de Jordaan) is a 1924 Dutch silent film directed by Adrienne Solser.

## Cast

* Adrienne Solser - Bet Strik (as Adrieënne Solser)
* Jan Nooy - Hein Strik
* Beppie Nooy Sr. - Trui Bles / De Weduwe
# Akkulevo

Akkulevo (Russian: Аккулево; Bashkir: Аҡкүл, Aqkül) is a rural locality (a village) in Orlovsky Selsoviet, Arkhangelsky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 50 as of 2010. There are 5 streets.

## Geography

Akkulevo is located 21 km southwest of Arkhangelskoye (the district's administrative centre) by road. Orlovka is the nearest rural locality.
# Hopong State

Hopong (Burmese: Hopon) was a Shan state in the Central Division of the Southern Shan States in what is today Burma.
# Hakim Benchamach

Hakim Benchamach (Arabic: حكيم بنشماش; born 12 September 1963) is a Moroccan politician. Since 2015, he has been President of House of Councillors.
# Abu Qarib

Abu Qarib (Persian: ابوقريب, also Romanized as Abū Qarīb) is a village in Dasht-e Abbas Rural District, Musian District, Dehloran County, Ilam Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 171, in 29 families. The village is populated by Arabs.
# Signale für die musikalische Welt

Signale für die musikalische Welt was a German music magazine established by Bartholf Senff in Leipzig in 1843 and ceasing publication in 1941. From 1907 (when the journal was sold to Simrock) to 1919, it was based in Berlin and Leipzig, and from 1920 to 1941 in Berlin. Its music critics included Louis Köhler (1844–86), Rudolf Schwarz [ru] (1887–97), Alfred Heuß (1902–05), and Ludwig Karpath.
# Zelyony Klin

Zelyony Klin (Russian: Зелёный Клин) is a rural locality (a village) and the administrative center of Zelenoklinovsky Selsoviet, Alsheyevsky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 378 as of 2010. There are 7 streets.

## Geography

Zelyony Klin is located 41 km southeast of Rayevsky (the district's administrative centre) by road. Novokonstantinovka is the nearest rural locality.
# Iron Wolf (character)

The Iron Wolf (Lithuanian: Geležinis Vilkas) is a mythical character from a medieval legend of the founding of Vilnius, the capital city of the old Grand Duchy of Lithuania and modern Republic of Lithuania. First found in the Lithuanian Chronicles, the legend shares certain similarities with the Capitoline Wolf and possibly reflected Lithuanian desire to showcase their legendary origins from the Roman Empire (see the Palemonids). The legend became popular during the era of Romantic nationalism. Today Iron Wolf is one of the symbols of Vilnius and is used by sports teams, Lithuanian military, scouting organizations, and others.

## Legend

According to the legend, Grand Duke Gediminas (ca. 1275 – 1341) was hunting in the sacred forest near the Valley of Šventaragis, near where Vilnia River flows into the Neris River. Tired after the successful hunt of an aurochs, the Grand Duke settled in for the night. He fell soundly asleep and dreamed of a huge Iron Wolf standing on top a hill and howling as strong and loud as a hundred wolves. Upon awakening, the Duke asked the krivis (pagan priest) Lizdeika to interpret the dream. And the priest told him:
   "What is destined for the ruler and the State of Lithuania, is thus: the Iron Wolf represents a castle and a city which will be established by you on this site. This city will be the capital of the Lithuanian lands and the dwelling of their rulers, and the glory of their deeds shall echo throughout the world."
Therefore, Gediminas, obeying the will of gods, built the city, and gave it the name Vilnius – from the stream of the Vilnia river.
# O'Connell's GAC, Tullysaran

O'Connell's GAC, Tullysaran (Irish: Tulach Saráin) is a Gaelic Athletic Association club in County Armagh, Northern Ireland. It is part of Armagh GAA, and is based in the rural district of Tullysaran.
The club's senior teams currently play Gaelic football in the Armagh Intermediate Championship and Division 2 of the All-County Leagues. It has several under-age football teams, and provides for Ladies' Gaelic football and camogie.

## History

Tullysaran O'Connell's was one of the nine clubs represented at the first recorded meeting of Armagh County Board on 30 March 1889. The Armagh Guardian of 20 May 1904 records a match being played at Kilmatroy near Tullysaran, but the club's own records date back only to 1932, referring not to the present name but to Knappagh O'Connell's or the Sons of O'Connor, Knappagh. In the late 1930s the parish league included a White Arrows team from Maydown, and other teams from Milltown/Aughatarra, Ballymacully and Knappagh.
The O'Connell's name re-emerged around 1947.

## Gaelic football
### Honours

* Armagh Intermediate Football League B
** 2019
* Armagh Intermediate Football Championship
** Runner-Up 2016
* Armagh Junior Football Championship
** 2015 Runner-up 1957, 2010
* Armagh Junior Football League
** 1957
* Trodden Cup
** 1957

## Facilities

In the 1930s the games were played at Trainor's field at Knappagh crossroads. In 1970 the field behind the chapel was rented from the parish and Fr Clarke donated an asbestos bungalow as changing rooms. Major Terris donated goalposts and the club was going strong once more. In 1971 the clubrooms were destroyed in an explosion. New club rooms were later erected and remained until the 1990s.
# Alma Ramsey

Alma Ramsey later Alma Ramsey-Hosking (1907–1993) was a British artist and sculptor.

## Biography

Ramsey was born in Tunbridge Wells in Kent and studied at the Bournemouth School of Art. She studied at the Royal College of Art in London from 1927 to 1930 where she was taught by both Gilbert Ledward and Henry Moore which fostered Ramsey's interest in creating sculpture by direct carving. Throughout her subsequent career Ramsey was a prolific participant in group exhibitions and also had several solo shows. Her first solo show was at the Peter Dingley Gallery in Stratford upon Avon during 1966. Further solo exhibitions of her work took place at the Herbert Art Gallery in Coventry in 1969, at Southwell Minster in 1972, Stoke-on-Trent Art Gallery in 1980 and at Warwick Museum in 1980. Public commissions of her sculptures included a crib for Coventry Cathedral, a figure of Christ in Glory for a church in Elmdon Heath and a wall-mounted group piece, Sir Guy and the Dun Cow, for a shopping centre in Coventry. Both the Herbert Art Gallery and Leamington Art Gallery plus the Oxford City and County Museum hold examples of her work.