OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Leonard Shure

Leonard Shure (April 10, 1910 in Los Angeles – February 28, 1995 in Nantucket, Massachusetts) was an American concert pianist. He began his career as a performer at the age of 5 and as a teenager studied privately with Artur Schnabel in Germany.

## Life

Shure graduated from the Hochschule für Musik in Berlin in 1927, at which time he made his debut in Germany. He served as Schnabel's first and only assistant until 1933.
Shure returned to the United States in 1933 and made his first concert appearance in New York City with the Boston Symphony Orchestra, Serge Koussevitzky conducting.
He was a featured soloist with virtually every major symphony orchestra in the United States, including the New York Philharmonic, the Detroit, St. Louis, Pittsburgh Symphony Orchestras, and on numerous occasions, with the Cleveland Orchestra under the direction of George Szell.
In 1941 Shure became the first pianist to perform at the Berkshire Music Festival in Tanglewood, when he appeared there with Koussevitzky and the Boston Symphony Orchestra. In 1946 he performed the complete Beethoven sonata cycle with violinist Henri Temianka at the Library of Congress in Washington D.C. He also performed with such eminent conductors as William Steinberg, Leonard Bernstein and Dimitri Mitropoulos. In 1979 Shure made a successful tour of the Soviet Union.
Shure taught at the Cleveland Institute of Music, the University of Texas, Boston University, and the Mannes School of Music in New York. In the summers of 1966 and 1967, Shure gave the first applied music courses ever offered at Harvard University. He spent two summers at the Rubin Academy in Jerusalem, and four summers in Aspen, Colorado. Late in life, Shure was a member of the faculty at the New England Conservatory of Music. See: List of music students by teacher: R to S#Leonard Shure.

## Discography

* "Leonard Shure – Beethoven", 33 Variations on a Waltz by Diabelli CD 72001 AudioFon
* "Leonard Shure – Schubert Piano Sonatas" CD 72010 AudioFon
* "Beethoven – Emperor Concerto; Schumann – Fantasia in C" Leonard Shure (piano), Leon Fleisher (conductor), New England Conservatory Orchestra – The Schnabel Memorial Concert CD 72018 AudioFon
* "Leonard Shure – Beethoven Piano Sonatas" CD 72005 AudioFon
* "Leonard Shure – Brahms, Schubert, Chopin" CD 72016 AudioFon
* "Beethoven 10 Sonatas for Violin & Piano", the 1946 performances with Henri Temianka restored by DOREMI Legendary Treasures DHR-8011-3
# Stephen Perse

Stephen Perse (1548 – 30 September 1615) was an English academic, physician and philanthropist, who founded schools that still carry his name.

## Biography

He was probably educated at Norwich School, and took his B.A. degree at Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge in 1569, where he was elected to a fellowship. Ordained in May 1573, as a Church of England priest and deacon, he was subsequently permitted to change his fellowship to "physick" and took the degree of Doctor of Medicine in 1581.
Perse amassed a fortune of around £10,000, probably from profits on business loans. He gave money to the University Library, for the establishment of the road now known as Maid's Causeway, and for the public water supply from the springs at Nine Wells to Cambridge along the stream known as Hobson's Conduit.
The grave of Stephen Perse is commemorated by a memorial in the Caius College chapel and he is remembered at the College's annual Perse Feast. His epitaph there reads:
   Christian surnamde Stephan Perse I hight Sole life with God alone, my crowne my light With living God eternall life I live This now my song: to sole God praise I give
   This epitaph by me Perse was devizd To none else my thoughts better were comprizd.

## Educational foundation

In his will, Perse gave a significant sum of money for the establishment of "a Grammar Free Schoole", and adjoining almhouses for six poor widows. The school was to teach five score scholars born in Cambridge, Barnwell, Chesterton or Trumpington, with some of the boys able to proceed to scholarships at Gonville and Caius College.
In 1615 the Perse School was founded in Cambridge. His foundation is commemorated by a blue plaque at its original site (now the Whipple Museum) in Free School Lane. The school motto is Qui facit per alium facit per se, usually taken to mean "He who does things for others does them for himself"; the Latin sentence ends "per se" in a word play on the founder's name. In 1881, the Perse School for Girls was established, now part of the Stephen Perse Foundation.
# Thomas Sedgwick

Thomas Sedgwick (Segiswycke) (died 1573 in a Yorkshire prison) was an English Roman Catholic theologian. An unfriendly hand in 1562 describes him as "learned but not very wise".
Thomas Sedgwick was educated at the University of Cambridge, where he graduated B.A. in 1529/30 and became a Fellow of Peterhouse in 1531. He argued against Martin Bucer in 1550, alongside Andrew Perne and John Young; and against Thomas Cranmer, Hugh Latimer, and Nicholas Ridley in April 1554, when he was incorporated Doctor of Divinity at the University of Oxford. In 1546 he became a Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge, where he was vice-master 1554–55. He had been defeated by Andrew Perne in a contest for the mastership at Peterhouse; sources differ on whether he had the support of Stephen Gardiner.
Under Queen Mary he became Regius professor of divinity at Cambridge in 1557, and in 1558 both rector of Stanhope, Durham and vicar of Gainford, Durham. He was deprived of these three preferments after the accession of Queen Elizabeth. He had also been rector of Erwarton, Suffolk in 1552, become Lady Margaret's Professor of Divinity in 1554, made vicar of Enfield, Middlesex in 1555, and rector of Toft, Cambridgeshire in 1556, but had given up these four preferments before Queen Mary died.
He was restricted to within ten miles of Richmond, Yorkshire, from 1562 to 1570, when he seems to have been sent to prison at York.
# Operation Viraat

vteSri Lankan civil war :
Main topics
Eelam War I
Indian intervention
Eelam War II
Eelam War III
Eelam War IV
Battles and operations
Bombings and terrorist attacks
Other military attacks
Mass graves
Chemmani
Duraiappa
Mirusuvil
Sooriyakanda
Massacres
Black July
Kokkilai massacre
1985 Valvettiturai
Kumudini
Akkaraipattu
Prawn farm
Eastern University
1990 Batticaloa
Massacre of policemen
1991 Kokkadichcholai
Air Lanka Flight 512
Jaffna lagoon
Aluth Oya massacre
Navaly
Nagerkovil-Allaipiddy
Vankalai
Central Bus Station bombing
Muttur
Kent and Dollar Farm
Anuradhapura
Aranthalawa
Kattankudi mosque
Palliyagodella
Lionair Flight 602
Kallarawa
October 1995
Gonagala
Kebithigollewa
Jaffna Hospital
Central Bank bombing
Dehiwala train bombing
1989 Valvettiturai
Habarana massacre :
Operation Viraat (Sanskrit: विराट Virāṭa, lit. "Operation Giant"), along with Operation Trishul, was an anti-insurgency operation launched by the Indian Peace Keeping Force (IPKF) against the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) in April 1988 in the Northern Province of Sri Lanka, in the Elephant Pass and the districts of Mannar, Mullaitivu and Vavuniya.
The operation was planned as a result of the evolving doctrine among the Indian high command of conducting search and destroy missions against LTTE strongholds instead of holding key strong points. It utilized approximately 15,000 troops including armoured corps, paratroopers, as well as the infantry troops and army aviation. The operation achieved some success in disrupting LTTE operations, with seizures of weaponry and inflicting limited casualties among the LTTE cadres. By the end of summer 1988, these operations had forced the LTTE to move its stronghold, when it started to operate out of Nithikaikulam and adjacent riverine areas.
During the Operation Viraat, the IPKF uncovered well prepared LTTE defenses, including concrete bunkers with electric generators, as well as caches of arms and reserves. The IPKF also suffered in this unconventional warfare, with the LTTE frequently ambushing IPKF convoys and patrols.
# NEOchrome

NEOchrome is an early color bitmap graphics editor for the Atari ST. It was written by Dave Staugas, a programmer at Atari Corporation and co-author of the ST's operating system. NEOchrome supports hardware-supported color cycling to give the impression of animation. A color cycling waterfall, created with NEOchrome, was one of the iconic images of the early Atari ST.
Following in the footsteps of MacPaint and the Apple II version Mouse Paint, both released in 1984, NEOchrome uses the then-novel representation of painting tools by icons (in addition to other GUI elements).
A pre-release version (v0.5) was included with the system disks of the first STs. Version 1.0 arrived later, and was bundled with several versions of the ST. Although not officially public domain, this version was often treated as such, and was never actually sold. NEOchrome enjoyed a relatively high level of popularity within the ST community, even in the face of more advanced packages such as DEGAS and Deluxe Paint.

## NEOchrome Master

Although there were no further official versions, an unofficial revision called NEOchrome Master was released by the Atari demo scene group Delta Force's Till Bubeck (programmer of The Return of Medusa) in the early 1990s.
NEOchrome Master was built by disassembling the binary program "NEOchrome 1.0". The resulting source code was uncommented and hard to read, but could be assembled back into the same binary program as before. This allowed the author to extend the program.
# Mischa Salkind-Pearl

Mischa Salkind-Pearl is an American composer, keyboardist and educator based in Arlington, Massachusetts.
# El Torky

El Torky or El Torkey (Arabic: التركي) or Torky (Arabic: تركي) is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Heba El Torky (born 1991), Egyptian squash player
* Nouran El Torky (born 1992), Egyptian squash player
* Mohsen Torky (born 1973), Iranian football referee
* Omar El Torkey (born 2001), Egyptian squash player
# Randall Hodgkinson

Randall Hodgkinson is an American classical pianist.

## Education

Hodgkinson obtained his Bachelor of Music degree with honors, Master of Music degree with distinction and artist diploma from the New England Conservatory of Music. He studied with Veronica Jochum and Russell Sherman.

## Career

He won the International American Music Competition in 1981 which was sponsored by Carnegie Hall and the Rockefeller Foundation. He was also a winner in the J.S.Bach International Competition and received the Tanglewood Music Center's Cabot Award in 1971. Hodgkinson made his European orchestral debut in 1985 with the Santa Cecilia Orchestra of Rome. Later in 1986, he made his formal New York recital debut at Alice Tully Hall. He has performed as a soloist with numerous orchestras including the Atlanta Symphony Orchestra, the Boston Symphony Orchestra, the Buffalo Philharmonic Orchestra, the Cleveland Orchestra, the Philadelphia Orchestra, the Concord Orchestra (Concord, Massachusetts), the Iceland Philharmonic, the Orchestra of Santa Cecilia in Rome, and had successful collaborations with Leonard Bernstein and Gunther Schuller. He was a featured artist on the Bosendorfer Concert Series, which aired on WNYC-FM in New York City. He has recorded for the Albany, Nonesuch, CRI, and New World labels.
Hodgkinson is an active performer of chamber music and is currently a member of the Boston Chamber Music Society, Boston Artists Ensemble, Worcester Chamber Music Society and the Gramercy Trio. He has performed chamber music at numerous festivals, including Blue Hill Festival (Maine), Bargemusic, Chestnut Hill Concerts (Madison, Connecticut), Seattle Chamber Music Festival, and Santa Fe Chamber Music Festival. In addition to his solo work, he also regularly performs the four-hand and two-piano repertoire with his wife, Leslie Amper.
Hodgkinson is on the faculty of the New England Conservatory of Music in Boston, the Longy School of Music of Bard College in Cambridge, and Wellesley College in Wellesley, Massachusetts.
# Tatlı, Kurtalan

Tatlı (Kurdish: Kozik) is a village in the Kurtalan District of Siirt Province in Turkey. The village had a population of 75 in 2021.
# Robert Cuckson

Robert Cuckson (born 1942, UK) is an American composer and pianist. He emigrated to Australia in 1949, studied at the NSW State Conservatorium of Music, and gained a Diploma in piano in 1960. Cuckson followed this with private studies in piano, composition and theory, in the UK and the US, his teachers including Ilona Kabos and Carlo Zecchi (piano), Georg Tintner and Peter Racine Fricker (composition), and Allen Forte (theory). In 1968 he returned to the formal study of music and worked towards a B.S. in composition at the Mannes College of Music in New York. He followed this with three degrees in composition from Yale University: M.M. (1971), M.M.A. (1974), and D.M.A. (1979). A resident of the United States since 1974, Robert Cuckson took US citizenship in 1983.
Cuckson has held various positions at the Mannes College The New School for Music in New York City since 1971. These have included administrative positions, such as Dean of the Faculties (1979–84) and Vice-President for Academic Affairs (1984–87), and teaching positions in the Techniques of Music Faculty (of which he became co-Chair in 1994), the Composition Faculty, and the Keyboard Studies Program. Since 1991 he has also taught in the Theory of Music Faculty and the Keyboard Studies Program at the Curtis Institute in Philadelphia.
Cuckson has completed two operas, The Blind Men and Adrian and Jusemina, based on plays by Michel de Ghelderode (translated and adapted by the composer), and has written numerous other works for a variety of media: orchestral pieces, chamber works, piano solos and songs. His music has been performed by such ensembles as the Brisbane Symphony Orchestra, the Janáček String Quartet, the Czech Philharmonic Wind Quintet, and the Yale Collegium Orchestra. As a pianist, he has given solo recitals in London, Amsterdam, Oslo, Stockholm, Berlin, San Francisco, Pittsburgh and Sydney, and has appeared as soloist in concerto performances with the Sydney and Melbourne Symphony Orchestras.
# Litovoi

Litovoi, also Litvoy, was a Vlach/Romanian voivode in the 13th century whose territory comprised northern Oltenia in today's Romania.
He is mentioned for the first time in the Diploma of the Joannites issued by king Béla IV of Hungary (1235–1270) on 2 July 1247. The diploma granted territories to the Knights Hospitaller in the Banate of Severin and Cumania, “with the exception of the land of the kenazate of Voivode Litovoi,” which the king left to the Vlachs “as they had held it”.

## Name

The king’s diploma also refers to the kenazates of Farcaș and John and to a certain voivode Seneslau. Although the names of Litovoi and Seneslau are of Slavic origin, they are expressly said to be Vlachs (Olati) in the king's diploma. It seems that Litovoi was the most powerful of all the above local rulers. His territories were exempted from the grant to the knights, but half of the royal tax generated by his land (terra Lytua) was assigned to the Hospitallers – except for the income from the District of Hátszeg (terra Harszoc in the diploma’s only surviving, papal copy, Romanian: Țara Hațegului), which the king kept all for himself. According to the Romanian historian Ioan-Aurel Pop, the king had grabbed Haţeg from Litovoi shortly before 1247.

## War with the Hungarians

In 1277 (or between 1277 and 1280), Litovoi was at war with the Hungarians over lands king Ladislaus IV of Hungary (1272–1290) claimed for the crown, but for which Litovoi refused to pay tribute. Litovoi was killed in battle. This event is recounted in the king’s letter of grant of 8 January 1285, in which king Ladislaus IV donated villages in Sáros County (today in Slovakia) to Master George, son of Simon, who had been sent against Litovoi.
Ioan Aurel Pop argues that the Litovoi mentioned in the diploma of 1247 was not identical to the Litovoi whose death is described in the letter of grant of 1285, and the latter was probably the former’s successor.
# Talal Abu-Ghazaleh Graduate School of Business

Talal Abu-Ghazaleh Graduate School of Business (TAGSB; Arabic: كلية طلال أبوغزاله لإدارة الأعمال) was inaugurated on February 27, 2006 in Amman, Jordan as one of the faculties of the German-Jordanian University (GJU).
GJU is a public university that was established in 2004 through a joint co-operation between the German and the Jordanian governments.
TAGSB represents the first partnership of its kind in the Arab World between the public and the private sectors aimed at bringing the expertise of Talal Abu-Ghazaleh Organization (TAG-Org) to the academic world of GJU.
The college offers MBA programs with concentrations in international accounting, management and quality management. It also offers three undergraduate programs in international accounting, management and logistics.
The college's facilities include a state of the art Audio Visual Language Center and a number of computer laboratories including a specialized laboratory equipped with Sun computers. The College’s Library houses many volumes of reference material and it is equipped with computers connected through Memberships to international libraries which are available for free for the students of the faculty.

## Degrees offered

* MBA with concentration in management
* MBA with concentration in international accounting
* MBA with concentration in quality management
* MBA with concentration in marketing
* MBA with concentration in human resources
* MBA with concentration in banking and finance
# Qalehcheh, East Azerbaijan

Qalehcheh (Persian: قلعه چه, also Romanized as Qal‘ehcheh and Qal‘eh Cheh; also known as Ghal’eh Cheh and Kalacha) is a village in Lahijan Rural District, Khosrowshahr District, Tabriz County, East Azerbaijan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 186, in 55 families.
# Antoine-Laurent Castellan

Antoine-Laurent Castellan (1772–1838) was a French painter, architect, and engraver.

## Life

Castellan was born at Montpellier in 1772. After having studied landscape painting under Valenciennes, he visited Turkey, Greece, Italy, and Switzerland, and published several series of letters upon those parts, illustrated with views drawn and engraved by himself. His best-known work is the Moeurs, usages, costumes des Othomans, published in 1812, and highly praised by Lord Byron. He also wrote Etudes sur le Chateau de Fontainebleau, which was not published until after his death. He was also the inventor of a new process of painting in wax.
He died in Paris in 1838.

## Works

* Castellan, Antoine Laurent (1819). Lettres sur l'Italie. 1.
* Castellan, Antoine Laurent (1819). Lettres sur l'Italie. 3.
# Wynne Pyle

Wynne Pyle (née Wynne Belle Pyle 24 October 1881 Ladonia, Texas — 24 April 1971 Miami, Florida) was an American concert pianist.

## Early education

She studied piano at the North Texas College of Music at Kidd-Key College in Sherman, Texas, under Harold von Mickwitz — the college has no connection to the University of North Texas College of Music. Upon the advice of Mickwitz, she went on to study in Vienna with Theodor Leschetizky. In 1908, she was sent to Paris to study with Harold Bauer; and from there, she went to Berlin where, for five years, where she worked with Albert Jonas.

## Concert career

In 1911, she made her Berlin debut with the Blüthner Orchestra. Upon returning to the United States, she made her recital debut in New York on February 17, 1916. Pyle went on to perform as soloist with the New York Philharmonic Orchestra, the New York Symphony Orchestra, the Russian Symphony Orchestra (in New York City), and orchestras of Cincinnati, Minneapolis, St. Louis, and Chicago.

## Rollography

The American Piano Company (AMPICO)
* 5294: Rachmaninoff — Fantasy Pieces, Op. 3, No. 5, b-b: Sérénade
* 53073–F: Poldini — Etude Japonaise, Op. 27, No. 2
* 5309: Sauer — Echo de Vienne - Concert Waltz
* 53104–G: Debussy — Prelude, Les Collines d' Anacapri (1917)
* 53274–F: Schumann — Novellette, Op. 21, No. l, E
* 53344–G: Debussy — Préludes, Book I, No. 8: La fille aux cheveux de lin
Philipps Duca Reproduktions-Klaviere Rolles
* PhPD 1000: Liszt — Tarantella from Venezia e Napoli (PhPD = Philipps Duca Reproducing Piano)
Rythmodik Music Corporation
* J–18444: Debussy — Prelude, Les Collines d'Anacapri (1917)

## Family

Her only sibling, Lou Netta Pyle (1885 – 1965) was married to Karl Kirksmith (1882 – 1955), a well-known cellist in New York and with several orchestras, including the Cincinnati Symphony Orchestra and the Pittsburgh Symphony Orchestra.
Pyle was briefly married to Ottokar Malek, a famous European pianist who emigrated to the US in 1902-03. They were married on April 9, 1905 in Dallas, Texas, and divorced in October 1906. Malek later founded the Grand Rapids (Michigan) symphony orchestra.
On January 9, 1941, Pyle married her former teacher and colleague Harold Victor Bauer, who, in 1940, had been widowed by his first wife, Maria (née Knapp). They remained together until his death in 1951.

## Additional resources

* Library of Congress, Performing Arts Reading Room (Music Division), Harold Bauer Collection
# Downend, Isle of Wight

Downend is a settlement on the Isle of Wight, off the south coast of England. It is the location of the Robin Hill adventure park. According to the Post Office the population of the settlement at the 2011 Census was included in the civil parish of Arreton.
The hamlet lies to the north of the A3056 road, in the central-eastern district of the island. Downend is approximately 3 miles (4.8 km) south-east of Newport. Public transport is provided by Southern Vectis on route 8 and Wightbus on 33.
Michael Morey, accused of murdering his grandson was said to have been hanged on the island and his body displayed in a gibbet opposite the Hare and Hounds pub. His ghost is still said to walk the street with an axe on his shoulder and in place of a face is a grinning skull.
* This Isle of Wight location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# Harbayeh-ye Shalageh

Harbayeh-ye Shalageh (Persian: حربايه شلاگه, also Romanized as Ḩarbāyeh-ye Shalāgeh; also known as Ḩarbābeh-ye Shalāgeh) is a village in Hoveyzeh Rural District, in the Central District of Hoveyzeh County, Khuzestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 57, in 10 families.
# Ystalyfera railway station

Ystalyfera railway station served the village of Ystalyfera, in the historical county of Glamorganshire, Wales, from 1861 to 1950 on the Swansea Vale Railway.

## History

The station was opened on 20 November 1861 by the Swansea Vale Railway. It closed on 25 September 1950.