OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Eriogonum codium

Eriogonum codium is a species of wild buckwheat known by the common names basalt desert buckwheat and Umtanum Desert wild buckwheat. It is endemic to Washington in the United States, where it is known only from Hanford Reach National Monument in Benton County. It was discovered in 1995 during an inventory of the biodiversity of the monument and described to science in 1997.

## Description

This perennial herb forms a mat of stems around its branching caudex and produces erect flowering stems 2 to 9 centimeters high. The plant is greenish in color and woolly in texture. The densely woolly leaves are up to 1.2 centimeters long. The inflorescences atop the stems contain tiny woolly "lemon yellow" flowers. Flowering occurs in May through August. Analysis of growth rings in the stems of plants reveal that individuals may reach 100 years old or older.

## Distribution and habitat

There is only one known population of this plant. As of 2005 it contained 4418 individuals. The population occurs on a rocky ridge 2.5 kilometers long by 30 meters wide. The ridge is composed of a basalt lava flow which is part of the Wanapum Basalt, a geological formation. The plants grow on substrates of basalt with a pumice soil covering. The substrates are exposed and experience harsh conditions with high winds. The habitat is shrubsteppe. Associated plants include Grayia spinosa, Salvia dorrii, Phacelia linearis, Cryptantha pterocarya, Camissonia minor, and Bromus tectorum. Western harvester ants (Pogonomyrmex occidentalis) collect, transport, and apparently consume the seeds of the plant.

## Conservation

The main threat to the plant is probably fire. In 1996 a fire at the Yakima Training Center traveled out to the ridge and burned the population. About 800 plants, or 15% of the population, died. It is not a fire-tolerant species. The plant appears to be sensitive to heat, and even unburned, merely singed plants died. In addition, the species apparently does not respond positively to fire events as some plants do, by resprouting from the woody base or producing an abundance of new seedlings. Fire also increases the spread of introduced species of plants such as cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum), and the cover of cheatgrass then increases the likelihood and severity of fire. Firefighting activity may damage the plants.
Other threats include off-road vehicle use and trampling on the open ridge where the plants grow. Some of the plants have died after being crushed. Livestock are also a potential, but not an immediate threat. Rock collecting activity has been noted to occur on the ridge.
This species is a candidate for federal protection.
# Gail Nkoane Mabalane

Gail Mabalane (née Nkoane; born 27 December 1984) is a South African actress, model, media socialite, businesswoman and singer. She is most notable for acting roles on South African television series "The Wild", and recently starred on tele-novel series "The Road", which airs on Mzansi Magic every weeknight. She plays Thandeka Khumalo on Blood and Water which is only available on Netflix. She also appeared on the Netflix movie "Happiness is" that premiered on 18 October 2024.

## Life and career
### Early life

Mabalane was born Gail Nkoane and raised in the town of Kimberley, Northern Cape in South Africa. She is the middle child of three children. Her mother entered her into her first pageant, "Miss Tinkerbell" when she was five years old. It was at this point that her family noticed her potential. In 2005, she was a Top 5 Miss SA Teen Finalist.

### Breakthrough

In 2010, Mabalane auditioned for and became a Top 10 Finalist on the 6th Season on Idols South Africa. She was the first to be eliminated from the Final Top 10 after performing "Please Don't Leave Me", originally by P!nk.
In 2011, Mabalane obtained her major acting debut role as Lelo Sedibe on the MNet TV Series "The Wild", alongside major South African actress Connie Ferguson. The show was later cancelled by MNet in 2013. In August 2015, she made her first appearance on South Africa's most viewed television soapie, Generations: The Legacy, once again alongside Connie Ferguson.

## Filmography
### Television

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 2010 | Idols | Herself | Season 6 Top 10 Finalist |
| 2011 - 2013 | The Wild | Lelo Sedibe | Lead role |
| 2013 - 2014 | Rockville | Vicky | Minor role |
| 2015 | Generations: The Legacy | Sarah Westbrook | Minor role |
| 2015 | The Road | Kedibone "Kedi" Seakgoe / Stella Phiri | Main role (Episode 1 to 60) |
| 2016 | Rockville | Vicky | Main, recurring |
| 2018 | The Imposter (TV series) | Kelenogile Mokoena | Main role (Season 2) |
| 2020 | Blood & Water | Thandeka Khumalo | Main role |

### Films

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 2012 | Zion | | |
| 2021 | Indemnity | | |
| 2023 | Unseen | Zenzi Mwale | Main role |
| 2024 | Happiness Is | Tumi | Main role |

## Personal life

Gail Mabalane was born on the 27 December 1984 in Kimberly, South Africa. Her mother entered her into pageant shows before her death from a long-term illness after her brother's accidental death on Christmas Eve. In 2013, her father also passed away shortly after her wedding to Kabelo Mabalane. Gail and Kabelo have two children.
# Glons

Glons (Walloon: Glon; Dutch: Glaaien) is a village of Wallonia and a district of the municipality of Bassenge, located in the province of Liège, Belgium.
Glons is a significant site in that it is the home of the NATO Programming Centre.
# Red Star Rugby League Club

Active sport clubs of SD Crvena zvezda :
| Football | Basketball | Volleyball |
| Water polo | Judo | Handball |
| Athletics | Tennis | Rowing |
| Basketball (Women's) | Shooting | Fencing |
| Table tennis | Ice hockey | Swimming |
| Chess | Water polo (Women's) | Boxing |
| MMA | Kickboxing | Karate |
| Cycling | Bowling | Auto racing |
| Bridge | Taekwondo | Rugby league |
| Rugby union | Weightlifting | Wrestling |
| Handball (Women's) | Futsal | Football (Women's) |
| Skiing | Golf | Esports |
Red Star Rugby League Club or origin Ragbi Liga Klub Crvena Zvezda (Serbian: Ragbi 13 Klub Crvena Zvezda/Рагби 13 Клуб Црвена Звезда) is a Serbian rugby league club based in Belgrade and competing in the Serbian Rugby League Championship.
Red Star Rugby League Club is member of the Red Star Sports Society.
In December 2018 it was announced that the club will play in the British based knockout competition, the 2019 Challenge Cup, on the condition that matches in the first two rounds will be played away from home.
Red Star Belgrade Rugby League Club has developed one of the strongest domestic rugby league clubs outside of the traditional rugby league heartlands of the game in the northern hemisphere through a combination of youth and local player development, with importing coaches and a small number of players with experience. This worked particularly well between 2018 and 2019 when Australians Jack O'Brien and Darcy Etrich and Scotland's Sam Herron had stints with the club. The perspective of the club's management was that overseas players would assist the development of the local players and expand their rugby league knowledge.
Due to Red Star Rugby League being unbeaten through 2018 and 2019, the club management allowed the imported players to leave the club and focused on the development of the local playing group and juniors in 2020. This was also exacerbated by the Covid-19 pandemic, with the club being forced to send Phil Economidis home, and then allowing Vladica Nikolic to return to France in late August 2020.
Red Star's future goals are to support the development of European Rugby League club competitions that are aligned with the goals of the RLEF and the Serbian Rugby League Federation.

## Squad

Current Squad:
* Miloš Zogović
* Rajko Trifunović
* Denis Čengaj
* Petar Milanović
* Aleksandar Đorđević
* Vojislav Dedić
* Stefan Nedeljković
* Vuk Štrbac
* Vladislav Dedić
* Slobodan Manak
* Marko Janković
* Marko Šatev
* Nikola Đurić
* Miloš Ćalić
* Valentino Milovanović
* Uroš Martinović
* Nenad Žujić
* Miroslav Selimovski
* Balša Žarković
* Miodrag Tomić
* Luka Trifunović
* Adam Pavlović

## Honours

* Serbian Rugby League Championship
** Winners (8): 2013–14, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022
* Serbian Rugby League Cup
** Winners (5): 2015–16, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2023
* Serbian Super Cup
** Winners (4): 2015–16, 2018, 2019, 2020
* Balkan Super League
** Winners (5): 2018, 2019, 2021, 2022, 2023
# Nasrabad, Bardaskan

Nasrabad (Persian: نصراباد, also Romanized as Naşrābād) is a village in Jolgeh Rural District Rural District, Shahrabad District, Bardaskan County, Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 223, in 55 families.
# Lefty Calhoun

Walter Allen Calhoun (August 21, 1911 – October 2, 1976), nicknamed "Lefty", was an American Negro league pitcher in the 1930s and 1940s.
A native of Union City, Tennessee, Calhoun made his Negro leagues debut in 1932 with the Montgomery Grey Sox and Memphis Red Sox. He went on to play for several teams, and was selected to represent the St. Louis–New Orleans Stars in the 1940 East–West All-Star Game. Calhoun finished his career in 1946 with the Indianapolis Clowns. He died in Cleveland, Ohio in 1976 at age 65.
# Al-Urwah al-Wuthqa

Al-Urwah al-Wuthqa (Arabic: العروة الوثقى, romanized: al-ʿurwa al-wuthqā, lit. 'The Firmest Bond') was an Islamic revolutionary journal founded by Muhammad Abduh and Jamāl al-Dīn al-Afghānī. Despite only running from 13 March 1884 to October 1884, it was one of the first and most important publications of the Nahda. The journal targeted people across the Islamic ummah, calling upon them to unite. Its firm stance against European colonialism caused British authorities to ban it in Egypt and India. Al-Urwah al-Wuthqa is an Arabic term with religious significance, appearing twice in the Quran.

## History and profile

The journal was founded in a room in Paris in 1884, and the first edition was published on March 13 of that year (corresponding with 15 Jumādā al-Ūlā, 1301). Ibrāhīm al-Muwayliḥī and his son Muhammad al-Muwaylihi, both in exile from the Ottoman Empire, helped with its publication.
The Imam Muhammad Abduh summarized the main goals of the magazine in a speech he sent to his friend, the English poet Wilfrid Scawen Blunt: protecting the independence of Eastern peoples from the aggression of Western countries, and to pressure the English government into stopping its policies that harm Muslims.
Also among the goals of the magazine, as can be ascertained from its editorial line: a call to unite and stand in solidarity, and to embrace the Nahda, and to liberate Egypt and Sudan from British colonialism.

## Censorship

Al-Urwah al-Wuthqa was banned by British authorities in Egypt and India, and an elaborate network including Arab businessmen in Bombay disseminated copies throughout the Arab world.

## End of publication

Muhammad Abduh and Jamāl al-Dīn al-Afghānī decided to end the magazine in October 1884 after publishing 18 editions over the course of eight months, probably due to financial problems resulting from the ban.

## Legacy

Some issues of Al-Urwah al-Wuthqa were found in the library of Dar al-Arab publishers, in addition to some other writings and speeches of Muhammad Abduh and Jamāl al-Dīn al-Afghānī. In 1957, these were published with a foreword from Gamal Abdel Nasser in a book entitled Al-Urwah al-Wuthqa wa al-Thawra al-Tahririya al-Kubra (العروة الوثقى والثورة التحريرية الكبرى).
# Beryozovskoye deposit

56°54′41″N 60°47′35″E﻿ / ﻿56.9114°N 60.7931°E﻿ / 56.9114; 60.7931 Beryozovskoye deposit, Berezovskoe gold deposit, Berezovsky deposit, Berezovsk Mines, and some other names (Russian: Берёзовское месторождение) is the first known to primary deposit of gold in Russia. It is located 13 km northwest of Yekaterinburg in the central Urals Federal District. It was discovered in 1745 by a raskolnik Yerofey Markov. The first mine was established in 1747. The deposit is named after the Beryozovka River (a tributary of Pyshma River) and is associated with the settlement of Berezovsky, now the town of Beryozovsky, Sverdlovsk Oblast.
The following minerals were discovered at the deposit: aikinite (1789), vauquelinite (1819), cassedanneite (1988), crocoite (1766), pyrophyllite (1829), phenicochroite (1839), embreyite (1972).
The discovery of crocoite by Johann Gottlob Lehmann in 1766 at the Berezovsk Mines was the starting point of the discovery of the element chromium. Berezovsk Mines were for a long time the only source for crocoite and therefore the only source of the pigment chrome yellow.
# Šanac

Šanac (Serbian: Шанац) is a village north of the town of Kruševac. It is situated along the left bank of the river Zapadna Morava. The name Šanac is derived from the Serbian word for trench (Serbian: шанч) after the trenches built on the hill above the village to defend against the Ottomans. Until the Second Serbian Uprising in 1815, the village was part of Ottoman Serbia.
# Han Karaula

Han Karaula (Serbian: Хан Караула) is a village in the municipality of Ilijaš, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

## Demographics

According to the 2013 census, its population was nil, down from 36 in 1991.
# Velika Sugubina

Velika Sugubina (Serbian: Велика Сугубина) is a village in Pivara municipality in Kragujevac city district in the Šumadija District of central Serbia. It is located south-east of the city.
It has a population of 234.
# AP Computer Science

The Advanced Placement (AP) Computer Science (shortened to AP Comp Sci or APCS) program includes two Advanced Placement courses and examinations covering the field of computer science. They are offered by the College Board to high school students as an opportunity to earn college credit for college-level courses. The program consists of two current courses (Computer Science Principles and Computer Science A) and one discontinued course (Computer Science AB).
AP Computer Science was taught using Pascal for the 1984–1998 exams, C++ for 1999–2003, and Java since 2004.

## Courses

There are two AP computer science courses currently offered. Computer Science Principles is considered to be a more "big picture" course than the programming-intensive Computer Science A.

### AP Computer Science A

AP Computer Science A is a programming-based course, equivalent to a first-semester–level college course. AP CSA emphasizes object-oriented programming and is taught using the programming language of Java. The course has an emphasis on problem-solving using data structures and algorithms.

### AP Computer Science Principles

AP Computer Science Principles is an introductory college-level course in computer science with an emphasis on computational thinking and the impacts of computing. The course has no designated programming language, and teaches algorithms and programming, complementing Computer Science A.

### AP Computer Science AB (discontinued)

AP Computer Science AB included all the topics of AP Computer Science A, as well as a more formal and a more in-depth study of algorithms, data structures, and data abstraction. For example, binary trees were studied in AP Computer Science AB but not in AP Computer Science A. The use of recursive data structures and dynamically allocated structures were fundamental to AP Computer Science AB.
AP Computer Science AB was equivalent to a full-year college course.
Due to low numbers of students taking the exam, AP Computer Science AB was discontinued following the May 2009 exam administration.
# Wilaya Building

The Wilaya Building (Arabic: مقر ولاية الدار البيضاء الكبرى Hall of the Wilaya (Province) of Grand Casablanca, locally known as مقر الولاية Maqarr El-Wilaya or just El-Wilaya) is the building that houses the administration of Grand Casablanca. It was designed by Marius Boyer and built from 1928-1937 during the French Protectorate in Morocco. The building is located at Muhammad V Square in central Casablanca, Morocco, and it remains an emblematic building of the city's architecture.

## History

At the request of Hubert Lyautey, plans for an Hôtel de Ville were first drafted by Henri Prost in 1914, early on in the French Protectorate in Morocco, and then further developed in 1920. It was Marius Boyer, however, who ultimately won the administrative building's design competition in 1927. Construction started in 1928 and finished in 1937.

## Architecture

The facade of the building is composed of a series of austere stone columns that surround the entrance. Above these, there is a long balcony with 3 large arched openings. It includes traditional features of Moroccan Makhzen architecture: stone, whitewashed lime plaster, zellige tile work, and green roof tiles.
The building has three Mauro-Andalusi riad-style ṣuḥoon, or internal courtyards with fountains and plants, enveloped by riwaq (arcades) on the first and second floors. There is Venetian inspiration in the clock tower that rises high above the building, as well as in the exposed galleries on the exterior of the building, reminiscent of the Doge's Palace.
Following directives from the résidence général, or colonial administration, Boyer blended styles, with some elements of French Art Deco, particularly visible in the clock tower and the grand staircase, and elements of traditional Mauro-Andalusi architecture: courtyards, columns, arches, and tiles. Traditional materials such as tiles were reinterpreted with Art Deco sensibilities.
The grand staircase was decorated with two panels painted by Jacques Majorelle, though they have since been relocated.
* Marble and copper used in the grand staircase.
* The internal courtyards as seen from the entrance hall.
* Traditional zellige reinterpreted.
* Zellige-covered columns in the arcade surrounding the ṣuḥoon.

## Access

The Wilaya Building is accessible from the Muhammad V Square Station on Line 1 of the Casablanca Tramway.
# Christopher Gordon (composer)

Christopher John Gordon (born 1956) is an English-born Australian composer and politician best known for his film scores, but has also received major classical commissions. His film scores include, Ladies in Black (2018), Mao's Last Dancer (2009), Master and Commander: The Far Side of the World (2003) and On the Beach (2000).
In 2016, Gordon ran for the Arts Party in the City of Ryde based seat of Bennelong, achieving 1.08% of the vote.
In 2017, he was elected as councillor on the East Ward of the City of Ryde for the Greens and was chosen as deputy mayor, serving a single term in 2017–2018. Gordon sought re-election for a second term on Council on 4 December 2021, but was unsuccessful.

## Awards and nominations

Gordon has won national awards for composition, both in Australia and overseas.
| Year | Nominee / work | Award | Result |
| 1998 | Moby Dick (Christopher Gordon) | APRA Awards: Best Television Theme | Won |
| 2000 | On the Beach (Gordon) | Australian Screen Music Awards: Best Music for a Mini-Series or Telemovie | Won |
| 2000 | On the Beach (Gordon) | Australian Screen Music Awards: Best Original Title Theme for a Series, Serial or Mini-Series | Won |
| 2000 | On the Beach (Gordon) | Australian Screen Music Awards: Best Soundtrack Album | Won |
| 2001 | When Good Ghouls Go Bad (Gordon) | Australian Screen Music Awards: Best Music for a Mini-Series or Telemovie | Won |
| 2004 | Master and Commander: The Far Side of the World (Gordon, Iva Davies, Richard Tognetti | ASCAP Awards: Top Box Office Films | Won |
| 2005 | Salem's Lot (Gordon, Lisa Gerrard) | Primetime Emmy Nomination: Outstanding Music Composition for a Miniseries, Movie or a Special (Dramatic Underscore) | Nominated |
| 2009 | Mao's Last Dancer (Gordon) | AFI Awards: Best Music Score | Won |
| 2010 | Mao's Last Dancer (Gordon) | ARIA Award for Best Original Soundtrack, Cast or Show Album | Nominated |
| 2018 | Ladies in Black (Gordon) | AACTA Awards: Best Original Score | Won |
| 2021 | June Again (Gordon) | AACTA Awards: Best Original Score | Won |

## Film scores

* June Again (2021)
* Ladies in Black (2018)
* Adore (2013)
* Crawl (2011)
* Mao's Last Dancer (2009)
* Daybreakers (2009)
* Master and Commander: The Far Side of the World (2003)
* On the Beach (2000)
* Sydney – A Story of a City (2000)
* Moby Dick (1998)
# Swarteweisein

Swarteweisein (Dutch: Zwartewegsend) is a hamlet in Tytsjerksteradiel in the province of Friesland, the Netherlands.
Swarteweisein is not a statistical entity, and the postal authorities have placed it under Tytsjerk.
The hamlet was first mentioned in 1847 as Zwartewegsend, and means "end of the black road" which was the road built from Leeuwarden to Groningen which ended at the location until 1531–1533. An inn was located at the location with that name. The hamlet contains Groot Vijversburg and the Huis met twintig kamertjes (House with twenty rooms) which were twenty little houses for the poor, and are still inhabited.
# Dieter Freise

Dieter Freise (18 February 1945 – 5 April 2018) was a field hockey player from Germany, who was a member of the West German squad that won the gold medal at the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich. He also competed in the 1976 Summer Olympics, where the West German team finished fifth. He was born in Heidelberg.
# Now Deh-e Gonabad

Now Deh-e Gonabad (Persian: نوده گناباد, also Romanized as Now Deh-e Gonābād; also known as Now Deh and Naudeh) is a village in Howmeh Rural District, in the Central District of Gonabad County, Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 198, in 58 families.
# Avdeyevo

Avdeyevo (Russian: Авдеево) is the name of several rural localities in Russia:
* Avdeyevo, Moscow Oblast, a village in Zaraysky District of Moscow Oblast
* Avdeyevo, Novgorod Oblast, a village in Pestovsky District of Novgorod Oblast
* Avdeyevo, Republic of Karelia, a village in Pudozhsky District of Republic of Karelia
* Avdeyevo, Ust-Kubinsky District, Vologda Oblast, a village in Ust-Kubinsky District, Vologda Oblast
* Avdeyevo, Vologodsky District, Vologda Oblast, a village in Vologodsky District of Vologda Oblast
* Avdeyevo, Yaroslavl Oblast, a village in Rybinsky District of Yaroslavl Oblast
# P. M. L. Kalyanasundaram

P.M.L. Kalyanasundaram is an Indian politician. He was elected to the Puducherry Legislative Assembly from Kalapet as a member of the Bharatiya Janata Party.