OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Ozone depletion potential

The ozone depletion potential (ODP) of a chemical compound is the relative amount of degradation to the ozone layer it can cause, with trichlorofluoromethane (R-11 or CFC-11) being fixed at an ODP of 1.0. Chlorodifluoromethane (R-22), for example, has an ODP of 0.05. CFC 11, or R-11 has the maximum potential amongst chlorocarbons because of the presence of three chlorine atoms in the molecule.
The first proposal of ODP came from Wuebbles in 1983. It was defined as a measure of destructive effects of a substance compared to a reference substance.
Precisely, ODP of a given substance is defined as the ratio of global loss of ozone due to the given substance to the global loss of ozone due to CFC-11 of the same mass.
ODP can be estimated from the molecular structure of a given substance. Chlorofluorocarbons have ODPs roughly equal to 1. Brominated substances have usually higher ODPs in range 5–15, because of the more aggressive bromine reaction with ozone. Hydrochlorofluorocarbons have ODPs mostly in range 0.005 - 0.2 due to the presence of the hydrogen which causes them to react readily in the troposphere, therefore reducing their chance to reach the stratosphere where the ozone layer is present. Hydrofluorocarbons (HFC) have no chlorine content, so their ODP is essentially zero. ODP is often used in conjunction with a compound's global warming potential (GWP) as a measure of how environmentally detrimental it can be.
In a broad sense, haloalkanes that contain no hydrogen are stable in the troposphere and decompose only in the stratosphere. Those compounds that contain hydrogen also react with OH radicals and can therefore be decomposed in the troposphere, as well. The ozone depletion potential increases with the heavier halogens since the C-X bond strength is lower. Note the trend of the CClF$_2$-X series in the table below.

## Ozone depleting potential of common compounds

| Compound | R No. | ODP |
| Trichlorofluoromethane (CCl$_3$F) | R-11 | 1.00 |
| 1,1,1,2-Tetrafluoroethane (CF$_3$-CH$_2$F) | R-134a | 0.000015 |
| Chlorodifluoromethane (CClF$_2$-H) | R-22 | 0.05 |
| Chlorotrifluoromethane (CClF$_2$-F) | R-13 | 1.00 |
| Bromotrifluoromethane (CBrF$_3$) | Halon 1301 | 15.9 |
| Dichlorodifluoromethane (CClF$_2$-Cl) | R-12 | 1.00 |
| Bromochlorodifluoromethane (CClF$_2$-Br) | R-12B1 | 7.9 |
| Carbon tetrachloride (CCl$_4$) | R-10 | 0.82 |
| Bromochloromethane (CH$_2$BrCl) | Halon 1101 | 0.12 |
| Nitrous oxide (N$_2$O) | R-744A | 0.017 |
| Alkanes (Propane, Isobutane, etc.) | | 0 |
| Ammonia (NH$_3$) | R-717 | 0 |
| Carbon dioxide (CO$_2$) | R-744 | 0 |
| Nitrogen (N$_2$) | R-728 | 0 |
# Fyodorovka, Zhirnovsky District, Volgograd Oblast

Fyodorovka (Russian: Фёдоровка) is a rural locality (a selo) in Klenovskoye Rural Settlement, Zhirnovsky District, Volgograd Oblast, Russia. The population was 216 as of 2010. There are 2 streets.

## Geography

Fyodorovka is located in steppe of Khopyorsko-Buzulukskaya Plain, on the left bank of the Shchelkan River, 38 km northwest of Zhirnovsk (the district's administrative centre) by road. Klyonovka is the nearest rural locality.
# Shams-e Arab Abdollahi

Shams-e Arab Abdollahi (Persian: شمس عرب عبدالهي, also Romanized as Shams-e ʿArab ʿAbdollahī; also known as Shams-e ʿArab) is a village in Lishtar Rural District, in the Central District of Gachsaran County, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 58, in 14 families.
# Surinder Pal Singh Sibia

Surinder Pal Singh Sibia is an Indian politician, and a member of Indian National Congress. He served as MLA of Sangrur from 2007 to 2012. He contested from Sangrur in 1997, 2007, and 2012, while twice (2002 and 2017) from Barnala. Sibia has also served as vice-president of Punjab Pradesh Congress Committee. Sibia joined Shiromani Akali Dal in 2016 ahead of 2017 assembly elections, and contested from Barnala where he was defeated by Meet Hayer. In 2019, he rejoined Congress in presence of then Punjab Chief Minister Amarinder Singh.
# Handball Cup of North Macedonia

The Handball Cup of North Macedonia (Macedonian: Ракометен куп на Македонија), is an elimination handball tournament held annually. It is the second most important national title in Macedonian handball after the Macedonian First League of Handball. Currently, RK Vardar holds the record for most titles won with 16.

## Champions
### Performances

| Club | Winners | Winning Years |
| Vardar | 16 | 1997, 2000, 2001, 2003, 2004, 2007, 2008, 2012, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2021, 2022, 2023 |
| Metalurg | 6 | 2006, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2013, 2019 |
| Pelister | 5 | 1995, 1996, 1998, 1999, 2005 |
| Borec | 1 | 1994 |
| Kumanovo | 1 | 1993 |
| Tutunski Kombinat | 1 | 2002 |
# Manvel Gasratjan

Manvel Arsenovich Gasratjan (also Gasratian) (Russian: Манвел Арсенович Гасратян) was a Russian historian, born in 1924 who died in 2007. He was a renowned Turkologist and Kurdologist at the Institute of Oriental Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Institút vostokovédenija Rossíjskoj akadémii naúk) in Moscow, where he established the Group of Kurdologists in 1979. According to WorldCat, he has written at least 8 academic books on Turkish and Kurdish history held in major U.S. libraries.
# Taherabad-e Barbaryeha

Taherabad-e Barbaryeha (Persian: طاهرابادبربريها, also Romanized as Ţāherābād-e Barbaryehā; also known as Ţāherābād-e ‘Olyā) is a village in Pasakuh Rural District, Zavin District, Kalat County, Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 42, in 11 families.
# Pelevikha

Pelevikha (Russian: Пелевиха) is a rural locality (a village) in Vozhegodskoye Urban Settlement, Vozhegodsky District, Vologda Oblast, Russia. The population was 1 as of 2002.

## Geography

Pelevikha is located 9 km southeast of Vozhega (the district's administrative centre) by road. Okulovskaya-1 is the nearest rural locality.
# Tytsjerk

Tytsjerk (Dutch: Tietjerk) is a village in Tytsjerksteradiel in the province of Friesland in the Netherlands. It had a population of 1,614 in January 2017.

## History

The village was first mentioned in 1392 as Thiatzerckera, and means "the church of Tije (person)". Tytsjerk developed in the late middle ages. It had a road connection to Leeuwarden which resulted the construction of several estates.
The foundations of the church indicate that it already must have existed in the 13th century. The village itself is first mentioned in an ecclesiastical document from the year 1328. In 1720 the foundations of the contemporary church were laid. The bronze church bell, which dates from 1608, was taken to Germany during World War II to be melted for the production of bullets and bombs, but was returned. This bell once hung in a separate belfry but found its place in the tower of the church itself already two centuries ago.
Tytsjerk was home to 344 people in 1840.

### Bosk fan Ypey

Near the village park Vijversburg can be found, also known as the 'Bosk fan Ypey' or 'Bos van Ypey' (Forest of Ypey). This domain was earlier held by the rich families Looxma and Ypey. Later it became the property of the 'Op Toutenburg' Foundation. The park is laid out by the landscape architect Lucas Roodbaard [nl].

### Windmills

There are two windmills in the village, the Himriksmole and Lytse Geast.

## Community
### Population

* 1900 - 761
* 1910 - 828
* 1940 - 902
* 1954 - 829
* 1959 - 786
* 1964 - 954
* 1969 - 1255
* 1974 - 1435
* 2004 - 1400
* 2008 - 1539

## Gallery

* Villa Vijverburg
* Former guard house near the railroad crossing
* Farm used a village house
* Garden cupola
# Chuysky

Chuysky (Russian: Чуйский) is a rural locality (a settlement) in Biysky District, Altai Krai, Russia. The population was 379 as of 2013. There are 9 streets.

## Geography

Chuysky is located 22 km southeast of Biysk (the district's administrative centre) by road. Verkh-Katunskoye is the nearest rural locality.
# Candace McNamee

Candace Novoselnik (née McNamee; born June 13, 1980) is an American former indoor volleyball player.
She played for the United States women's national volleyball team, at the 2002 FIVB World Grand Prix.

## Life

She played for Sidwell Friends. She played for University of California, Berkeley. In 2013, she was assistant coach at University of Ljubljana.

## Clubs

| Club | Country | From | To |
| Voley Murcia | Spain | 2003–2004 | 2004–2005 |
| Las Palmas | Spain | 2005-2006 | 2005-2006 |
| Schweriner SC | Germany | 2006-2007 | 2006-2007 |
| ES Le Cannet-Rocheville | France | 2009-2010 | 2009-2010 |
| Istres OPVB | France | 2010-2011 | 2010-2011 |
| Tiboni Urbino | Italy | 2011-2012 | ... |
# Gözeler, Bingöl

Gözeler (Kurdish: Îbrahîma) is a village in the Bingöl District, Bingöl Province, Turkey. The village is populated by Kurds of the Ziktî tribe and had a population of 921 in 2021.
The hamlet of Kaya is attached to the village.
# Hasanabad, Osku

Hasanabad (Persian: حسن اباد, also Romanized as Ḩasanābād) is a village in Shurakat-e Jonubi Rural District, Ilkhchi District, Osku County, East Azerbaijan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 105, in 29 families.
# Igor Kot

Igor Aleksandrovich Kot (Russian: Игорь Александрович Кот; born 3 June 1980) is a Russian former professional footballer.

## Club career

He made his debut in the Russian Premier League in 2004 for FC Kuban Krasnodar.
# Mubdar Hatim al-Dulaimi

Major General Mubdar Hatim al-Dulaimi (Arabic: مبدر حاتم الدليمي) (January 2, 1951 – March 6, 2006) was an Iraqi army officer. While serving as the commander of all Iraqi Army forces in Baghdad, he was shot and killed by a sniper as he drove through western Baghdad, according to police sources.
As the commander of the 6th Division, among the first and biggest of Iraq's new army divisions formed by U.S. forces as part of their plans for eventual withdrawal, Dulaimi was among the most prominent officers in Iraq's security forces.
His troops were on the front line of efforts for the two weeks before his death to prevent further sectarian bloodshed in the wake of the Al Askari Mosque bombing. Iraqi leaders were concerned that further violence between Iraq's minority Sunnis and majority Shia Muslims could spark civil war.
# Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University Al Batha Campus

The Female Student Study Center – Al Batha Branch (Arabic: مركز دراسة الطالبات – فرع البطحاء, romanized: Markaz Dirāsah aṭ-Ṭālibāt – Farʿ al-Baṭʼḥāʾ) was one of the three women-only satellite campuses of Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University in ad-Dirah, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, active from 1984 to 2012. The site since 2013 is the campus of Yara International School.
Established in 1984, the campus offered courses at undergraduate, postgraduate and doctorate levels in fields such as Islamic studies, mass media, Arabic literature and social psychology. Its premises were handed over to Yara International School after the relocation of students and faculty to the newly built King Abdullah City for Female Students in 2012.

## History

The Female Student Study Center in Al Batha, Riyadh was established in 1984 alongside al-Malaz and al-Nafal branches during the reign of King Fahd as a women-exclusive satellite campus of Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University to promote female education in Saudi Arabia. The first department to be established was the department of Library and Information, and then later on scientific departments were made that offered degrees at undergraduate, postgraduate and at doctorate levels in the fields of arts, science, Islamic studies, mass media, Arabic literature and social psychology.

### 2005 Fire accident

On 16 May 2005 at 7:05 am (UTC+03:00), a fire accident occurred due to burning of one of the internal circuit breakers. At least three students and a supervisor suffered from minor suffocation and were rushed to the hospital by Red Crescent, of which two cases were transferred to Al-Iman General Hospital in Riyadh whereas 3 firefighting units, 4 rescue teams and an evacuation squad from the Saudi Civil Defense were mobilized and traffic police stopped the vehicles surrounding the premises, making it easy for rescue team to evacuate the premises. Later next day, Riyadh Governor Prince Salman and Deputy Governor Prince Sattam followed up on the incident and directed all educational institutes to enhance their fire protection system.

## 2012 Relocation to King Abdullah City for Female Students

In January 2006, King Abdullah laid down the foundation for the construction of a 2 billion riyals worth King Abdullah City for Female Students in the western-part of the campus of Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University. The relocation of the students from the satellite campuses to the new building gradually began in 2011 and was expected to be completed by early 2012 but was delayed till mid of 2012 due to lack of safety tests in the new buildings. After the completion of relocation, the premises were handed over to Yara International School from the new academic year.
# Butyrka, Volgograd Oblast

Butyrka (Russian: Бутырка) is a rural locality (a selo) in Klenovskoye Rural Settlement, Zhirnovsky District, Volgograd Oblast, Russia. The population was 327 as of 2010. There are 5 streets.

## Geography

Butyrka is located on Khopyorsko-Buzulukskaya Plain, on the left bank of the Shchelkan River, 38 km northwest of Zhirnovsk (the district's administrative centre) by road. Lemeshkino is the nearest rural locality.
# Ucha (river)

The Ucha (Russian: Уча́) is a river in Moscow Oblast, Russia. It is a left tributary of the Klyazma. The construction of the Moscow Canal has separated the upper course of the Ucha from its lower course.
The Ucha is 42 km in length, with a drainage basin of 605 km². It flows through the towns of Pushkino and Ivanteyevka, and flows into the Klyazma at the town of Shchyolkovo.
Tributaries: Serebryanka, Akulovka, Samoryadovka, Razderikha.
# Opium War (2008 film)

Opium War (Persian: جنگ تریاک) is a 2008 Afghan black comedy film written and directed by Golden Globe winner Siddiq Barmak. The film was shot entirely in Afghanistan and revolves around the experiences of two American soldiers (Peter Bussian and Joe Suba), who crash their helicopter in the Afghan desert and find themselves at the mercy of the natural elements and an eclectic family of Afghan opium farmers.
In order to create a realistic setting of an opium poppy field, Barmak had to obtain permission from the Afghan government to plant the crop because growing opium poppies was declared illegal in Afghanistan in 2002. Several challenges were faced by the filmmakers, with regards to the poppy field, before filming was completed. Most notably, Afghan poppy eradication teams attempted to destroy his film set twice and the lack of rain forced Barmak to drill a well for irrigation as well as to bring in water tankers from as far away as 30 km.
The film was Afghanistan's official submission to the 2009 Academy Awards. Opium War was screened at several international film festivals, including the 2008 edition of Rome Film Festival, where it won the Golden Marc’Aurelio Critics’ Award for Best Film.
# Zephyr (garment)

A zephyr is a garment worn in competitive rowing.
A zephyr is usually a short-sleeved T-shirt with a front opening, with the opening and sleeve ends trimmed in the colours of the club.
# Mirzapur Union, Gopalpur

Mirzapur Union (Bengali: মির্জাপুর ইউনিয়ন) is a union of Gopalpur Upazila, Tangail District, Bangladesh. It is situated 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) southeast of Gopalpur and 55 kilometres (34 mi) north of Tangail, the district headquarters.

## Demographics

According to the 2011 Bangladesh census, Mirzapur Union had 7,103 households and a population of 27,359. The literacy rate (age 7 and over) was 42.8% (male: 44.6%, female: 41.2%).
# Hunestan

Hunestan (Persian: هونستان, also Romanized as Hūnestān; also known as Honestān, Hūnistān, Khonestān, and Khūnistān) is a village in Kalat-e Hay-ye Sharqi Rural District, in the Central District of Meyami County, Semnan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 958, in 269 families.
# Panteleyevskaya

Panteleyevskaya (Russian: Пантелеевская) is a rural locality (a village) in Yavengskoye Rural Settlement, Vozhegodsky District, Vologda Oblast, Russia. The population was 26 as of 2002.

## Geography

Panteleyevskaya is located 27 km northeast of Vozhega (the district's administrative centre) by road. Ulitinskaya is the nearest rural locality.
# Bruford (band)

Bruford were a band assembled and led by British drummer Bill Bruford (former Yes and King Crimson), originating in the late 1970s.
Bill Bruford formed the jazz-fusion band for his debut solo album Feels Good to Me, with keyboardist Dave Stewart (formerly Hatfield and the North), American virtuoso bassist Jeff Berlin and guitarist Allan Holdsworth (formerly Soft Machine and Pierre Moerlen's Gong). This first album also featured Annette Peacock on occasional vocals and British jazz stalwart Kenny Wheeler on flugelhorn. Bruford and Holdsworth then joined the progressive rock group U.K. After Bruford and Holdsworth left U.K., a second album One of a Kind enlisted the same line-up as the first album (minus Peacock and Wheeler) and was all instrumental. On the live album The Bruford Tapes (a show originally broadcast for radio station WLIR), guitarist John Clark (formerly of Quasar) replaced Holdsworth. Clark remained and bassist Berlin sang vocals for the first time on the third album, Gradually Going Tornado, which also featured "Joe Frazier", Berlin's first composition for the group.
Bruford were active at the end of a vibrant decade for fusion music, with groups like Mahavishnu Orchestra, Return to Forever and Brand X getting much attention. Though Bruford followed in the tradition of these bands, the ensemble was unprofitable and were dropped by EG Records in 1980.
A complete boxed set of Bruford recordings was released by Bill Bruford's own Winterfold records label in October 2017. The unreleased material comprises a complete show at London's The Venue and 18 demos for Bruford's intended fourth studio album. These tracks are rough "works in progress" that were never properly finished and recorded when Bruford were dropped by EG Records. The CD remixes were completed by Jakko Jakszyk.

## Band members

* Bill Bruford – drums, percussion, vibraphone (1976–1980), piano (1980)
* Jeff Berlin – bass (1978–1980), vocals (1980)
* Dave Stewart – keyboards, piano, synthesizers (1976–1980)
* Allan Holdsworth – guitar (1976–1979; died 2017)
* Annette Peacock – vocals (1977)
* John Clark – guitar (1979–1980)
Timeline

## Discography
### Studio albums

* Feels Good to Me (1978 E.G. Records)
* One of a Kind (1979 E.G. Records)
* Gradually Going Tornado (1980 E.G. Records)

### Live album

* The Bruford Tapes (1979 E.G. Records)

### Compilations

* Master Strokes 1978–1985 (1985 E.G. Records)
* Rock goes to College (2006 DVD Winterfold Records)
# Borodachi

Borodachi (Russian: Бородачи) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative center of Borodachyovskoye Rural Settlement, Zhirnovsky District, Volgograd Oblast, Russia. The population was 395 as of 2010. There are 5 streets.

## Geography

Borodachi is located in forest steppe of Volga Upland, 56 km southeast of Zhirnovsk (the district's administrative centre) by road. Nedostupov is the nearest rural locality.
# Per Wickenberg

Petter Gabriel Wickenberg, known as Per (1 October 1812- 19 December 1846) was a Swedish painter and designer who specialized in landscapes with figures.

## Biography

Wickenberg was born in Malmö, Sweden. He was the son of Jonas Wickenberg and his wife Katharina Isberg. His father was an officer (fanjunkare) in the Swedish Army. He showed an early talent for drawing and painting and began taking private lessons when he was thirteen. After completing his secondary education in 1830, he helped support his family by selling goods from the barges in Malmö. The following year, friends and family took up a collection and raised enough money for him to enroll at the Royal Swedish Academy of Fine Arts.
Despite the assistance, after a time in Stockholm he found himself in financial difficulty. This was lessened somewhat when he was offered lodging with the family of Michael Anckarsvärd (1742-1838), a military officer who was also a part-time artist. To complete his studies, he earned some money by colorizing the illustrations of naval officer Carl Gustaf Forsell [sv] (1783-1848) for publication in Ett år i Sverige.
He also received support from Johan Gustaf Sandberg (1782–1854) which proved critical, as well as from the new Swedish Association for Art (Sveriges allmänna konstförening) which had been founded in 1832. During a cholera epidemic in 1834/35, he was able to stay at a farm in Närke owned by Johan August Anckarsvärd [sv] (1783-1874).
In 1836, he developed some type of eye disease. Once again, members of the Anckarsvärd family came to his rescue and collected the funds necessary for him to visit the spa in Töplitz for a cure. After his recovery, he spent some time in Berlin with the scenic artist and decorator, Karl Wilhelm Gropius (1793–1870).
Soon after, he went to Paris where he shared a studio with the artist Olof Johan Södermark (1790-1848), until he was able to afford his own on the Rue Saint-Honoré. He soon attracted a wealthy clientele and was able to obtain a larger studio on the Rue de la Bienfaisance in Paris. In 1838, he was awarded a gold medal at the Paris Salon. The following year, he was named a member candidate (agré) at the Royal Academy of Painting and Sculpture (Académie royale de peinture et de sculpture) and received full membership in 1842, the same year he was awarded the Royal Order of Vasa in Sweden.
He had been travelling around France and the Low Countries and in 1843 had a brief stay in London. During this time, he suffered from increasingly poor health and his eye disorder recurred every year, leaving him unable to paint. When he was diagnosed with tuberculosis, he moved to Nice, then to the Pyrenees mountain resort of Eaux-Bonnes seeking a cure. It was to no avail and he died in nearby Pau in 1846, aged only thirty-four.
His works may be seen at the Nationalmuseum, Nordiska museet, Uppsala University Library, Lund University Library and the Musée du Luxembourg, among many others.

## Gallery

* Sailing Ships and Fishermen (1835)
* Winter Fishing (1839)
* Winter Landscape with Man and Children at a Road Altar (1840)
* Landscape with Resting Cows (1835)