OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Nishada (svara)

Nishada (Sanskrit: निषाद, romanized: Niṣāda) is the seventh and last svara in Hindustani music and Carnatic music. Nishada is the long form of the syllable नी. For simplicity in pronouncing while singing the syllable, Nishada is pronounced as Ni (notation - N).

## Details

The following is the information about Nishada and its importance in Indian classical music :
* Nishada is the seventh svara in an octave or Saptak.
* Nishada is the immediate next svara of Dhaivat (Dha).
* The svara of Nishada is Komal and Shuddha.
* It is said that Shadja is the basic svara from which all the other 6 svaras are produced. When we break the word Shadja then we get, Shad And Ja. It means that Shad is 6 and ja is 'giving birth' in Marathi. So basically the translation is :
So the svara Ni is formed from Shadja.
* The frequency of Nishada is 450 Hz. The frequencies of the seven svaras are also given below: Sa 240 Hz, Re 270 Hz, Ga 300 Hz, Ma 320 Hz, Pa 360 Hz, Dha 400 Hz, and Ni 450 Hz, Sa 480 Hz (Taar Saptak) ........ (and so on).
Consequently, the Ni after the Dha of 900 Hz (Taar Saptak) has a frequency of 800 Hz i.e. the double of the Lower octave Ni.
* There are 2 Shruti of Nishada. Previously the main Shruti, not only for Ni but for all the other svaras, was on the last Shruti but now it is considered to be on the 1st Shurti.
For example, if these are the 2 Shruti's of Ni then,
* All the other svaras except Shadja (Sa) and Pancham (Pa) can be Komal or Tivra svaras but Sa and Pa are always Shuddha svaras. And hence svaras Sa and Pa are called Achal Svaras, since these svaras don't move from their original position. Svaras Ra, Ga, Ma, Dha, Ni are called Chal Svaras, since these svaras move from their original position.
* Ragas from Khamaj Thaat, Kafi Thaat, Asavari Thaat and Bhairavi Thaat have Komal Nishada, rest of the thaats have Shuddha Nishada.
* Ragas where Ni is the Vadi svara - Raga Jaunpuri, Raga Tilang, etc. Ragas where Ni is the Samvadi svara - Raga Purvi, Raga Yaman, etc.
* Hypothetically speaking, Ni is said to be Nirakar Bhrama, Nirakar Bhrama as in, the three main gods, Brahma, Vishnu and Shiva were first created i.e. Sakar Bhrama (Sa) and then these three gods created Rishimuni i.e. Re and then Gandharvas were created for singing and then lord Indra or Raja Indra i.e. Mahipal was created and once the Mahipal (Raja) or the king was created, the Praja or the common citizens or the people were made, and as people have their own Dharma or duty/religion, the religion was made, when religion was made the Nirakar form of Brahma is formed i.e. Dharma created the Nirakar form of Brahma (Ni). Ni is made the acronym of Nirakar Bhrama for showing the importance of the syllable Ni. So it started with Sakar Bhrama (Sa) and ends with Nirakar Bhrama (Ni).
* Nishada is said to be sourced from the trumpeting of the elephant.
* Nishada is associated with the planet Venus.
* Nishada is associated with Multi colours.
# Lirab, Basht

Lirab (Persian: ليراب, also Romanized as Līrāb) is a village in Babuyi Rural District, Basht District, Basht County, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 260, in 45 families.
# City Hall, Limerick

City Hall (Irish: Halla na Cathrach, Luimneach) is a municipal facility at Merchant's Quay, Limerick, Ireland. It is the administrative centre of Limerick City and County Council.

## History

City Hall was commissioned to replace the Commercial Buildings in Patrick Street which dated from 1805 and had served as the town hall from 1847. In the mid-1980s, the council leaders at Limerick Corporation decided that the council needed larger premises; the site they selected at Merchant's Quay had been occupied by an old gaol which dated from 1789. The complex had ceased to be used for custodial purposes in the 19th century and had served as Geary's Biscuit Factory since the 1920s. Most of the old buildings were demolished in 1988, although the surviving façade of the old gaol, designed by John Nash, was retained as part of the new development.
The new building was designed by the Dublin-based firm, Burke-Kennedy Doyle, in the Modern style, built in stone blocks and was completed in 1990. The design involved an asymmetric main frontage facing onto the banks of the River Shannon. The complex featured a series of connected pavilions up to three storeys high.
A fountain entitled the "Fountain of Heritage", incorporating a sculpture of wild geese by the American sculptor, William H. Turner, was paid for by the people of Spokane, Washington and installed on the Riverside Walk outside City Hall in 1991. The scuplture was intended to commemorate local families that were forced to flee the city to France in the "Flight of the Wild Geese" following the Siege of Limerick and the defeat of the Irish Jacobite army under the command of Patrick Sarsfield in 1691.
In January 2018, a book of condolence was opened at City Hall, following the death of locally-born singer Dolores O'Riordan.
# Lake Pedder planarian

The Lake Pedder planarian (Romankenkius pedderensis) is a species of invertebrate in the family Dugesiidae. This species was gregarious within the aquatic community of the lake before it flooded, living alongside small fish and invertebrates such as the Pedder galaxias and Lake Pedder earthworm.

## Distribution and conservation status

The species is endemic to the Lake Pedder area in Tasmania, Australia. This species has been listed as extinct by the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species since 1986, although their last conservation assessment was dated 1996. Live specimens of this species were collected in 2006 and the ongoing existence of the species was again confirmed in 2012.
# Pierre Korb

Pierre Korb (Mulhouse 20 April 1908 – 22 February 1981) was a French association footballer. He played for FC Mulhouse and FC Sochaux, earned 12 caps and scored 2 goals for the France national football team, and was included in the 1934 FIFA World Cup finals squad.
# Anemic Cinema

Anemic Cinema or Anémic Cinéma is a 1926 Dada/surrealist French experimental film by Marcel Duchamp (credited to his alter ego, Rrose Sélavy), made in collaboration with Man Ray and Marc Allégret.
The seven-minute film is composed of alternating static camera shots of spinning animated drawings disks — which Duchamp called Rotoreliefs — inscribed with puns and alliterations in French. The text, which spirals in a counterclockwise motion, suggests erotic scenarios and the words, if read aloud, produce repetitive patterns of sounds that lead to scatological or obscene associations in reference to pulsating human sexual activity. To make Anémic Cinéma, Duchamp filmed painted designs he made on flat cardboard circles while they spun on a phonograph turntable. When spinning, the flat disks appeared three-dimensional.
The film premiered in a private screening in Paris in August 1926 and was acquired by MoMA in 1938, the first Duchamp work to enter a museum.
Duchamp had a commercial printer run off 500 sets of six of the designs and set up a booth at a 1935 Paris inventors' show to sell them. The venture was a financial disaster, but some optical scientists thought they might be of use in restoring three-dimensional sight to people with one eye.

## History

Duchamp first showed Anemic Cinema at a private screening for friends in Paris on August 30, 1926. He brought the film on a trip to New York later that year, where he held another private screening at the Fifth Avenue Playhouse on December 22, 1926, and another at Miles Studio in early 1927.
Artist Hans Richter acquired a print of the film and gave it its public debut in 1929, screening it at the Film und Foto exhibition in Stuttgart. New York art dealer Julien Levy obtained another print and screened it at his gallery in 1936 and 1937. The Museum of Modern Art (MoMA) acquired a print from Duchamp in 1938; this was the first of Duchamp's works to enter a museum collection.
The film gained recognition in the 1930s and 1940s as Richter's copy circulated to film clubs in Europe, and MoMA's copy was lent to museums and universities around North America.

## Rotoreliefs texts

The texts on the Rotoreliefs, in French, are the following:
* "Bains de gros thé pour grains de beauté sans trop de bengué." (Bengay was a French analgesic rub invented by Dr. Jules Bengué)
* "L'enfant qui tète est un souffleur de chair chaude et n'aime pas le chou-fleur de serre-chaude."
* "Si je te donne un sou, me donneras-tu une paire de ciseaux ?"
* "On demande des moustiques domestiques (demi-stock) pour la cure d'azote sur la Côte d'Azur."
* "Inceste ou passion de famille, à coups trop tirés."
* "Esquivons les ecchymoses des Esquimaux aux mots exquis."
* "Avez-vous déjà mis la moëlle de l'épée dans le poêle de l'aimée ?"
* "Parmi nos articles de quincaillerie paresseuse, nous recommandons le robinet qui s'arrête de couler quand on ne l'écoute pas."
* "L'aspirant habite Javel et moi j'avais l'habite en spirale."
# Oramia occidentalis

Oramia occidentalis is a species of Agelenidae that is endemic to New Zealand.

## Taxonomy

This species was first described as Ixeuticus chathamensis occidentalis in 1959 from a female specimen. It was most recently revised in 1973. The holotype is stored in Otago Museum.

## Description

The female is recorded at 13.7mm in length. The carapace is orange brown and darkens into reddish brown anteriorly. The legs are yellow brown. The abdomen is dark with pale markings dorsally.

## Distribution

This species is only known from Whero Rock, near Stewart Island, New Zealand.

## Conservation status

Under the New Zealand Threat Classification System, this species is listed as "Data Deficient" with the qualifiers of ""Data Poor: Size", "Data Poor: Trend" and "One Location".
# Medovka, Voronezh Oblast

Medovka (Russian: Медовка) is a rural locality (a village) in Novozhivotinnovskoye Rural Settlement, Ramonsky District, Voronezh Oblast, Russia. The population was 229 as of 2010. There are 40 streets.

## Geography

Medovka is located 22 km southwest of Ramon (the district's administrative centre) by road. Novozhivotinnoye is the nearest rural locality.
# Old Kandahar

Old Kandahar (locally known as Zorr Shaar, Pashto: زوړ ښار, lit. 'Old City'; also Shahr-i-Kona, Dari: شهر کهنه, meaning 'Old City') is a historical section of the city of Kandahar in southern Afghanistan.

## The citadel

It is widely believed that after conquering Mundigak in 330 BC, Alexander the Great marched southeast with his army and laid out what is now Old Kandahar and named it Alexandria. The site was likely chosen as a way to protect its inhabitant from the occasional heavy sandstorms coming from nearby Reg District (Sand District). Others suggest that the foundation of the citadel was probably laid out during the Iron Age, and became a major fortress of the Achaemenid Empire. It served as the local seat of power for many rulers in the last 2,000 years. The region became part of many empires, including the Mauryans (322 BC–185 BC), Indo-Scythians (200 BC–400 AD), Sassanids, Arabs, Zunbils, Saffarids, Ghaznavids, Ghorids, Timurids, Mughals, Safavids, Hotaks, and the Durranis. It was one of the main cities of Arachosia, a historical region sitting in Greater Iran's southeastern lands and was also in contact with the Indus Valley civilization. The city has been a frequent target for conquest because of its strategic location in Southern Asia and Central Asia, controlling the main trade route linking the Indian subcontinent with the Middle East, the rest of Central Asia and the Persian Gulf.
The city was often fought over by the Safavids and the Mughals until 1709, when Mirwais Hotak made the region an independent kingdom and turned Kandahar into the capital of the Hotak dynasty. The city was destroyed by Nader Shah in 1738 after defeating Hussain Hotak, the last Hotak ruler. After the destruction of this old city all the remaining inhabitants were relocated to a nearby area which became known as "Naderabad" for a short time, named after Nader Shah. By 1750, Ahmad Shah Durrani had laid out the current city of Kandahar and turned it into the capital of his Durrani Empire.
* Plan of the citadel. This destroyed fortress is still standing today.
* A miniature from Padshahnama depicting the surrender of the Safavids in 1638 to the Mughal army of Shah Jahan commanded by Kilij Khan.
* An 1881 photo showing the ruined Old Kandahar citadel of Shah Hussain Hotak that was destroyed by the Afsharid forces of Nader Shah Afshar in 1738.
* The citadel in 2018.

## Epigraphical discoveries

Important inscriptions in Greek, dating to the 3rd-2nd century BC were discovered in or around the site of Old Kandahar, including the Kandahar Greek Edicts of Ashoka, the Kandahar Bilingual Rock Inscription also from the time of the Indian ruler Ashoka, the Kandahar Sophytos Inscription and an inscription made by a son of Aristonax.
* Kandahar Greek Edicts of Ashoka
* Kandahar Bilingual Rock Inscription
* Sophytos Inscription written in Greek probably from Kandahar.
* Remains of a Greek inscription written by a son of Aristonax.
# Kamiz

Kamiz (Persian: كميز, also Romanized as Kamīz and Kemīz; also known as Kambīz and Kūmīz) is a village in Kah Rural District, Central District, Davarzan County, Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 787, in 233 families.
# Charter of Saint Petersburg

Charter of Saint Petersburg (Russian: Устав Санкт-Петербурга) is the basic law of the federal city of Saint Petersburg. It was adopted by the Legislative Assembly of Saint Petersburg, the city's unicameral parliament, on January 14, 1998.

## History

Charter of Saint Petersburg was developed and adopted by deputies of the Legislative Assembly of the first convocation (1994–1998). The document was adopted in the second vote by qualified majority in the minimum number of votes: 34 of 50 (8 votes against and 3 abstentions). Since the Charter in this edition significantly infringe upon the authority of the Governor of St. Petersburg and gave a certain imbalance in favor of the legislative branch power, the then Governor Vladimir Yakovlev, refused to sign it, which led to a serious political crisis. As a result of negotiation and compromise is January 28, 1998 has adopted a package of amendments in favor of the executive.

## Structure

St. Petersburg Charter consists of a preamble and 12 chapters:
* Chapter I. General Provisions
* Chapter II. Competences of St. Petersburg
* Chapter III. Basics territorial system of St. Petersburg
* Chapter IV. Fundamentals of organization of the government of St. Petersburg
* Chapter V. The Legislature St. Petersburg
* Chapter VI. Administration of St. Petersburg
* Chapter VII. The judiciary St. Petersburg
* Chapter VIII. Interaction authorities of St. Petersburg
* Chapter IX. Basis of local government in St. Petersburg
* Chapter X. The participation of residents of St. Petersburg in the exercise of power
* Chapter XI. Ownership of St. Petersburg
* Chapter XII. Final and transitional provisions
# Mitsuru Mansho

Mitsuru Mansho (満生 充, Mansho Mitsuru, born April 16, 1989 in Osaka) is a former Japanese football player who last played as a striker for J3 League side Fujieda MYFC.

## Club statistics

Updated to 23 February 2017.
| Club performance | Club performance | Club performance | League | League | Cup | Cup | Total | Total |
| Season | Club | League | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Japan | Japan | Japan | League | League | Emperor's Cup | Emperor's Cup | Total | Total |
| 2008 | Mito HollyHock | J2 League | 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 7 | 0 |
| 2009 | Mito HollyHock | J2 League | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 2014 | Fujieda MYFC | J3 League | 20 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 22 | 1 |
| 2015 | Fujieda MYFC | J3 League | 25 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 28 | 3 |
| 2016 | Fujieda MYFC | J3 League | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| Total | Total | Total | 53 | 4 | 5 | 0 | 58 | 4 |
# Goreljek

Goreljek (pronounced or) is a high-elevation settlement on the Pokljuka Plateau in the Municipality of Bohinj in the Upper Carniola region of Slovenia. It has less than ten residents, but there are a large number of holiday homes in Goreljek and its immediate area. The northern part of the settlement's territory extends into the Ore Valley (Slovene: Rudna dolina). The local chapel is dedicated to Saint Anthony the Hermit and was rebuilt in a modern alpine style in 1996.

## History

Goreljek was first attested in written sources as Gorellegk in 1494, and it was originally a mountain pasture belonging to the village of Koprivnik v Bohinju. During the Second World War, German forces surrounded and destroyed most of the 3rd Battalion of the Partisans' Prešeren Brigade at Goreljek on December 15, 1943.
# Dasht-e Shad

Dasht-e Shad (Persian: دشت شاد, also Romanized as Dasht-e Shād; also known as Dast-e Shā, Dast-e Shāh, Dast Shāh, and Destisha) is a village in Rezvan Rural District, Kalpush District, Meyami County, Semnan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 1,224, in 288 families.
# Mary Remington

Mary Remington (1910–2003) was a British oil painter and artist. She exhibited her works at various prestigious venues, such as the Royal Academy of Arts and the New English Art Club. She was known for her landscapes, still lifes, and portraits.

## Biography

Remington was born at Reigate in Surrey and, after attending the Redhill School of Art, won a scholarship to the Royal College of Art in London. She studied at the Royal College from 1930 to 1933 before continuing her training in Paris at the Académie de la Grande Chaumière. Throughout her subsequent career, Remington exhibited oil paintings and other works at the Royal Academy in London, with the Royal Society of British Artists, the Royal Institute of Oil Painters and the New English Art Club, NEAC. Remington was elected a member of the NEAC in 1954 and of the Royal Institute of Oil Painters in 1962. She maintained a studio at Sutton in south London and died at Carshalton. Examples of her paintings are held by Brighton Museum & Art Gallery and in other public collections at Blackpool and at Kensington in London.
# Talovka, Yelansky District, Volgograd Oblast

Talovka (Russian: Таловка) is a rural locality (a settlement) and the administrative center of Talovskoye Rural Settlement, Yelansky District, Volgograd Oblast, Russia. The population was 711 as of 2010. There are 10 streets.

## Geography

Talovka is located on Khopyorsko-Buzulukskaya Plain, on Mokraya Talovka River, 72 km southwest of Yelan (the district's administrative centre) by road. Pervokamensky is the nearest rural locality.
# Eduard Zenovka

Eduard Grigoryevich Zenovka (Russian: Эдуард Григорьевич Зеновка) (born 26 April 1969) is a former Olympic modern pentathlete.

## Career

He competed at the 1992 Olympics as part of the unified team and won a silver medal in the team event and a bronze medal in the individual event. He represented Russia at the 1996 Olympics where he won a silver medal in the individual event.

## Personal life

He is married to Russian Choreographer in Russian National team for rhythmic gymnastics, Irina Zenovka. He was previously engaged to rhythmic gymnast World Champion Oxana Kostina, who died from injuries sustained in a car crash. The police investigation revealed that Zenovka, who was driving the car, was heavily intoxicated at the time of the accident.
# Wu Tang-chieh

Wu Tang-chieh (traditional Chinese: 吳當傑; simplified Chinese: 吴当杰; pinyin: Wú Dāngjié) is a Taiwanese politician. He was the Political Deputy Minister of Finance in the Executive Yuan from 2 September 2013 until 20 May 2016.

## Education

Wu holds a bachelor's degree in finance and taxation from National Chung Hsing University, master's degree in finance from National Chengchi University and doctoral degree in law from the University of Wisconsin–Madison in the United States.

## Financial Supervisory Commission vice chairperson
### More fair and friendly Taiwan stock trading

In December 2012, Wu said that the ROC government aims to take measures in the coming year to make stock trading in Taiwan more fair and friendly. He elaborated that there are four plans to achieve the goal, which are increasing market momentum, diversifying quality financial products, cutting the trading costs and increasing international visibility.
With regards to the implementation of stock gains tax which was set to be effective starting on 1 January 2013, Wu said that the tax will not have a major impact on Taiwan's stock market.
# Chris Hackett (American football)

Chris Hackett (born August 3, 1993) is an American football safety who is currently a free agent. He played college football at TCU.

## Early years

Hackett attended John Tyler High School in Tyler, Texas. He was rated by Rivals.com as a three-star recruit and ranked as the No. 38 safety in the nation in 2011. He committed to Texas Christian University (TCU) to play college football.

## College career

Hackett attended TCU from 2011 to 2014. After redshirting in 2011, Hackett became a starter his redshirt freshman season. He remained a starter through his junior season.
After his junior season, Hackett entered the 2015 NFL draft. He finished his career with 224 tackles and 12 interceptions.

## Professional career
### 2015 NFL Combine

Pre-draft measurables :
| Height | Weight | Arm length | Hand span | 40-yard dash | 20-yard shuttle | Three-cone drill | Vertical jump | Broad jump |
| 6 ft 0 in (1.83 m) | 195 lb (88 kg) | 31+1⁄2 in (0.80 m) | 9+7⁄8 in (0.25 m) | 4.81 s | 4.20 s | 7.12 s | 32.0 in (0.81 m) | 9 ft 3 in (2.82 m) |
| All values from the NFL Combine |||||||||

### Tampa Bay Buccaneers

After going unselected in the 2015 NFL draft, Hackett signed with the Tampa Bay Buccaneers as an undrafted free agent on May 5, 2015. On September 4, 2015, he was waived.

### Oakland Raiders

On December 1, 2015, Hackett was signed to the Oakland Raiders' practice squad. On August 29, 2016, he was released by the Raiders.