OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Unzhlag

57°43′7″N 44°48′57″E﻿ / ﻿57.71861°N 44.81583°E﻿ / 57.71861; 44.81583 Unzhlag or Unzhensky ITL (Unzhensky corrective labor camp) (Russian: Унжлаг, Унженский ИТЛ) was a camp of the GULAG system of labor camps in the Soviet Union. Named after the Unzha River, it has headquarters at the railway station Sukhobezvodnoye (Сухобезводное, Сухобезводная), Gorky Oblast. It operated from February 5, 1938 to 1960. The main operation was logging and wood processing industries, but also served a wide variety of other small-scale industries: construction, metalworking, railroad servicing, clothing, footwear, pottery production, etc. The camp had 30 sites (lagpunkts).
There is a small museum of Unzhlag on the private property of a local lore enthusiast Mikhail Shulegin in the village Yurovo, Makaryevsky District [ru].

## Notable inmates

* Yusif Vazir Chamanzaminli (1887-1943), Azerbaijani statesman and writer (imprisoned 1940, died January 1943)
* Dalia Grinkevičiūtė, Lithuanian school girl deported in June 1941 who later wrote a memoir about her experiences
* Ahmad Jafarzade (1929-2000), Azerbaijani writer, brother of Aziza Jafarzade, who was imprisoned for his poem, "Hey, Yusif" critical of Joseph Stalin. Ahmad survived the GULAG (both at Unzhlag and Kolyma), and after the Soviet Union collapsed in 1991, he published poetry that he had collected from fellow prisoners and a description of the terror that Azerbaijanis had experienced in everyday life in 1937 and the traditional tortures used to extract confessions in Baku's NKVD prison in the 1940s.
* Lev Kopelev describes his experience in Unzhlag in his book, To Be Preserved Forever.
* Yanka Shutovich [be-x-old], Belarusian literary critic, publisher, and cultural activist; served some of his time in Unzhlag, among several other camps.
* Mikhail Yakubovich [ru], Russian revolutionary and Soviet statesman, Menshevik.

## Gallery

* Barracks leftovers
* Barbed wire fense leftovers
* "Birzha" site leftovers
* Depot model, Unzhlag museum
# Khalilan, Gilan

Khalilan (Persian: خليلان, also Romanized as Khalīlān and Khalilyan; Khalīlān-e Varzal) is a village in Jirdeh Rural District, in the Central District of Shaft County, Gilan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 463, in 110 families.
# Donja Brštanica

Donja Brštanica (Serbian: Доња Брштаница) is a village in the municipality of Višegrad, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
# Nikolay Makovsky

Nikolay Yegorovich Makovsky (Russian: Никола́й Его́рович Мако́вский; 10 May 1841, Moscow — 18 October 1886, Saint Petersburg) was a Russian painter; one of a quartet of artist siblings that included his brothers Konstantin and Vladimir and his sister Alexandra.

## Biography

His father, Yegor Ivanovich Makovsky, was an accountant by profession, but was also an amateur artist, avid art collector and one of the founders of the Moscow School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture. He received his earliest education at the Moscow Palace Architecture School [ru] and attended the Imperial Academy of Arts from 1859 to 1866.
In 1865, he was awarded a silver medal for his work on a small stone church with 150 parishioners. Upon graduation, he was given the title of "Free Artist", which conferred the right to work on construction projects. Shortly thereafter, he became an architect's assistant at the Ministry of the Imperial Court, but eventually gave up his position there to devote all of his time to painting.
In 1870, he became one of the charter members of the "Association of Travelling Art Exhibitions" (Peredvizhniki), but didn't participate fully until 1875. In 1872, he was awarded the designation of "Artist Second-Degree" from the Academy.
From 1873 to 1874, he and his brother Konstantin toured Egypt, then he travelled extensively throughout Russia and Ukraine. He later spent several months at the Russian art colony in Paris, where he worked with Alexey Bogolyubov. From this point on, most of his paintings were shown in travelling exhibitions.
# Handball-Bundesliga (women)

Handball-Bundesliga, is the top women's professional handball league in Germany.

## 2024–25 season teams

* Thüringer HC
* HB Ludwigsburg
* TuS Metzingen
* Borussia Dortmund Handball
* Buxtehuder SV
* VfL Oldenburg
* HSG Blomberg-Lippe
* Bayer 04 Leverkusen
* Neckarsulmer SU
* HSG Bensheim-Auerbach
* BSV Sachsen Zwickau
* Frisch Auf Göppingen

### EHF league ranking

EHF League Ranking for 2022/23 season:
* 7. (7) Prva Liga (61.33)
* 8. (9) 1. HRL (57.00)
* 9. (8) Handball-Bundesliga Frauen (56.33)
* 10. (11) 1. A DRL
* 11. (10) SHE Women (37.40)
* 12. (13) PGNiG Superliga (33.00)

## Champions by years

| Year | Team |
| 1975–76 | TuS Eintracht Minden |
| 1976–77 | TSV GutsMuths Berlin |
| 1977–78 | TuS Eintracht Minden |
| 1978–79 | Bayer 04 Leverkusen |
| 1979–80 | Bayer 04 Leverkusen |
| 1980–81 | PSV Grünweiß Frankfurt |
| 1981–82 | Bayer 04 Leverkusen |
| 1982–83 | Bayer 04 Leverkusen |
| 1983–84 | Bayer 04 Leverkusen |
| 1984–85 | Bayer 04 Leverkusen |
| 1985–86 | Bayer 04 Leverkusen |
| 1986–87 | Bayer 04 Leverkusen |
| 1987–88 | TV Lützellinden |
| 1988–89 | TV Lützellinden |
| 1989–90 | TV Lützellinden |
| Year | Team |
| 1990–91 | TuS Walle Bremen |
| 1991–92 | TuS Walle Bremen |
| 1992–93 | TV Lützellinden |
| 1993–94 | TuS Walle Bremen |
| 1994–95 | TuS Walle Bremen |
| 1995–96 | TuS Walle Bremen |
| 1996–97 | TV Lützellinden |
| 1997–98 | VfB Leipzig |
| 1998–99 | VfB Leipzig |
| 1999–00 | TV Lützellinden |
| 2000–01 | TV Lützellinden |
| 2001–02 | HC Leipzig |
| 2002–03 | DJK/MJC Trier |
| 2003–04 | FHC Frankfurt/Oder |
| 2004–05 | 1. FC Nürnberg |
| Year | Team |
| 2005–06 | HC Leipzig |
| 2006–07 | 1. FC Nürnberg |
| 2007–08 | 1. FC Nürnberg |
| 2008–09 | HC Leipzig |
| 2009–10 | HC Leipzig |
| 2010–11 | Thüringer HC |
| 2011–12 | Thüringer HC |
| 2012–13 | Thüringer HC |
| 2013–14 | Thüringer HC |
| 2014–15 | Thüringer HC |
| 2015–16 | Thüringer HC |
| 2016–17 | SG BBM Bietigheim |
| 2017–18 | Thüringer HC |
| 2018–19 | SG BBM Bietigheim |
| 2019–20 | No champion. Cancellation due to Covid-19 |
| Year | Team |
| 2020–21 | Borussia Dortmund Handball |
| 2021–22 | SG BBM Bietigheim |
| 2022–23 | SG BBM Bietigheim |
| 2023–24 | SG BBM Bietigheim |

## Champions by number of titles

| Club | Title | Years |
| Bayer Leverkusen | 8 | 1978/79, 1979/80, 1981/82, 1982/83, 1983/84, 1984/85, 1985/86, 1986/87 |
| Thüringer HC | 7 | 2010/11, 2011/12, 2012/13, 2013/14, 2014/15, 2015/16, 2017/18 |
| TV Lützellinden | 7 | 1987/88, 1988/89, 1989/90, 1992/93, 1996/97, 1999/2000, 2000/01 |
| HC Leipzig | 6 | 1997/98, 1998/99, 2001/02, 2005/06, 2008/09, 2009/10 |
| SG BBM Bietigheim | 5 | 2016/17, 2018/19, 2021/22, 2022/23, 2023/24 |
| TuS Walle Bremen | 5 | 1990/91, 1991/92, 1993/94, 1994/95, 1995/96 |
| 1. FC Nürnberg | 3 | 2004/05, 2006/07, 2007/08 |
| TuS Eintracht Minden | 2 | 1975/76, 1977/78 |
| FHC Frankfurt/Oder | 1 | 2003/04 |
| DJK/MJC Trier | 1 | 2002/03 |
| PSV Grün-Weiß Frankfurt | 1 | 1980/81 |
| TSV GutsMuths Berlin | 1 | 1976/77 |
| Borussia Dortmund Handball | 1 | 2020/21 |
# Jiang Long

Jiang Long (Chinese: 江龙; 1 January 1933 – 31 December 2022) was a Chinese physical chemist, and an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. He was a member of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP).

## Biography

Jiang was born in Shanghai, on 1 January 1933, while his ancestral home is in Jian'ou, Fujian. He joined the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) in December 1949. In 1950, he was admitted to Nanjing University, where he majored in the Department of Chemistry. After graduating in 1953, he was despatched to the Changchun Institute of Physical Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences. In 1956, he was sent to study at the Soviet Academy of Sciences on government scholarships, obtaining a vice-doctorate degree in 1960.
Jiang returned to China in 1960 and that same year became a member of the Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences. He moved to the Institute of Photosensitivity, Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1970, where he was promoted to associate research fellow in 1979 and to research fellow in 1986. From December 1990 to June 1991, he was a visiting scholar at the Max Planck Institute of Biophysical Chemistry in Germany. He rose to become director of the Academic Committee of Key Laboratory of Colloids and Interfaces, Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1998.
Jiang died in Beijing on 31 December 2022, at the age of 89.

## Honours and awards

* 1999 Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)
* 2008 Fellow of the Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
# Roman Ovchinnikov

Roman Konstantinovich Ovchinnikov (Russian: Роман Константинович Овчинников; born 5 February 1987) is a former Russian football forward.

## Career

Ovchinnikov spent two seasons with Zenit U-21 team. He started 2005 year playing for Russian First Division club Petrotrest. In the midseason he moved to Belarusian BATE, where he once appeared for the first team.
After leaving BATE, Ovchinnikov received a serious injury while on trial with Dinamo of Saint Petersburg that kept him out of football for 1,5 years. He had never found himself a new club and retired in 2010. He played for several more years on amateur (fifth-tier and below) levels.
# Rivers Access Campaign

The Rivers Access Campaign is an ongoing initiative by the British Canoe Union (BCU) to open up the inland waterways of England and Wales to the public. Under current English and Welsh law, public access to rivers is restricted, and only 2% of all rivers in England and Wales have public access rights.

## Current access situation

There are 4,540 kilometres (2,820 mi) of inland river and canal in England and Wales with navigation rights, and over 65,000 kilometres (40,400 mi) of inland rivers with no access.
England and Wales are unusual in the level of restriction upon their waterways and are considered two of the most difficult places in the world to gain access to rivers. The Countryside and Rights of Way Act 2000 grants a "Right to Roam" specifically to areas of open land comprising:
* mountain (land over 600 metres)
* moorland
* heathland
* downland
* registered common land
In England and Wales there is no blanket right of access to non-agricultural land, unlike Scotland, where the Scottish Parliament passed the 2003 Land Reform (Scotland) Act granting access for both land and inland waterways to the public.
The UK government has encouraged canoeists to seek negotiations and create access agreements for privately owned water with land owners throughout England and Wales. For over 50 years both the BCU and WCA have been working to seek these agreements for access, which has resulted in 812 kilometres (505 mi), a total 4% of all privately owned linear waterways in England and Wales being opened up with some form of public access agreement.
The Welsh Canoeing Association estimate that there are around 300 rivers in Wales suitable for kayaking, only 13 of which have any form of legal access agreement.
Most of these agreements permit access only on certain days of the year or for short sections of the river. The government has decided to pursue further agreements in 4 study areas, over a 2-year trial period. However, there is no guarantee that this trial will grant further access, with recent government studies showing that access agreements are unlikely to be able to provide the necessary resources needed for water sports.

### The law

Legally the water itself is not owned, but ownership of the lands include stream bed ownership. Under common law, the presence of water does not provide a right to use the space occupied by, or immediately above the water. This is a civil offence, and may incur a fine or possibly a court injunction to prevent further trespassing. This applies to any member of the public, be they canoeists, rowers, swimmers, or anglers.
It has been suggested that a "common-law" right of navigation exists on any navigable water in England and Wales: however, this has been challenged by legal experts commissioned by the Angling Trust.
The only arrestable offence is aggravated trespass, under the Criminal Justice and Public Order Act 1994, where a criminal offence is committed whilst trespassing. There must also be intent to disrupt or intimidate those engaged in lawful activities.
# Bolečka Vas

Bolečka Vas (pronounced; Slovene: Bolečka vas) is a settlement on the left bank of the Dravinja River in the Municipality of Majšperk in northeastern Slovenia. The area is part of the traditional region of Styria. It is now included with the rest of the municipality in the Drava Statistical Region.

## Geography

In the valley, there are mostly fields in the meadows.

## Name

Bolečka Vas was attested in written sources in 1440 as Welitschezdorff. The name is derived from the possessive adjective form of the Slavic personal name *Boľę and thus originally means 'Boľę's village'.

## History and economy

Until 1998, the village belonged to the Municipality of Videm, and later to Majšperk. It belongs to the local community of Dolena. It is the location of the F.D. Rožmarin Dolena folklore society, a womeactive, sports association, ethnographic association, folk singers, and pensioners' association. The main industries are agriculture, animal husbandry, forestry, catering, viticulture, and trucking.
# Idiazabal

Idiazabal is a town and municipality in the Goierri region of the province of Gipuzkoa, in the autonomous community of the Basque Country, northern Spain.
The area has given its name to the renowned Idiazabal cheese of the region, one of the best-known products of the Basque cuisine.
# Dohar (band)

Dohar (Bengali: দোহার) is an Indian folk music musical ensemble that specializes in the styles of greater Bengal as well as the North East India. It is very popular in the Indian states of West Bengal, Assam and in Bangladesh.
Dohar has popularised Bengali and Assamese folk music. They have played for various Bengali communities in India and abroad.

## History

The group was co-founded by Rajib Das and Kalika Prasad Bhattacharya on 7 August 1999. Both the members came to Kolkata from Barak Valley of Assam. The name of the band - 'Dohar' was given by Aveek Majumdar, Professor of Jadavpur University. Dohar means 'chorus'. Kalika Prasad Bhattacharya and Rajib Das both were the lead singers and leader of Dohar. Bhattacharya died in a road accident near Gurap village in Hooghly district on 7 March 2017, aged 47. 5 other members were also injured. The remaining members of the band have continued singing under the leadership of Rajib Das.https://www.google.com/maps/place/RAJIB+DAS+DOHAR/@22.6248159,88.4186605,17z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m6!3m5!1s0x39f89fa5229fa0b5:0x1e1984174f072d4a!8m2!3d22.6248159!4d88.4186605!16s%2Fg%2F11gjnwjtvw?entry=ttu

## Members

Sources:
* Kalikaprasad Bhattacharjee.
* Rajib Das.
* Rittik Guchait
* Mrignabhi Chattopadhyay
* Satyajit Sarkar
* Niranjan Haldar
* Amit Sur
* Sudipto Chakraborty
* Rahul Karmakar

## Albums & Music CDs

Source:
* “Bandhur Deshey” by Concord Records India – 2001
* “Banglar gaan Shikorer Taan” by Sony Music – 2002
* “Rupsagare” by SAREGAMA HMV – 2004
* “Bangla” by SAREGAMA HMV – 2006
* “2007” by SAREGAMA HMV – 2007
* “MATI’SWAR” by ORION ENTERTAINMENT- 2009
* “MATIR KELLA” – Video Album, a Musical Documentary of Folk Music of Bengal by SAREGAMA HMV -2011
* “BAUL FOKIRER RABINDRANATH” by ORION ENTERTAINMENT- 2012
* “SAHASRA DOTARA” by ORION ENTERTAINMENT- 2013
* “UNISHER DAAK” – by PICASSO ENTERTAINMENT-2015
* “Rajib Das remembers Kalikaprasad” – by Rajib Das 2018
# Water Palace

The Water Palace (Romanian: Palatul Apelor) is a historical monument in Timișoara, Romania. It is located at the entrance from the city center to the Iosefin district. Built in 1901 for the Timiș–Bega Hydro-improvement Company, between 1948 and 2007 it also housed the Timișoara CFR Regional. It currently belongs again to the Banat Water Basin Administration.

## History

Alongside the Marschall Palace, the Water Palace marks the access to the Iosefin district, crossing the Trajan Bridge from the Cetate. The palace was built for the Timiș–Bega Hydro-improvement Company, established in 1871 especially for the management of the Bega Canal, an important transport route at the time. Designed by the architect Lipót Baumhorn, work began in 1900, under the direction of Karl Hart [ro], and was completed a year later, in 1901. The palace was originally a one-storey building, but in 1910 builder Arthur Tunner extended it by adding a second storey, retaining the overall appearance. All sectors of the company functioned in the building, and on the second floor were the studios for employees coming from outside Timișoara.
In 1923, the Police Prefecture and State Security functioned in the palace. In 1941, the Dean's Office of the Faculty of Agronomy and the Faculty of Geography of the University of Cluj, which had taken refuge here in Timișoara following the occupation of Northwest Transylvania by the Hungarian state, also functioned here. Here was the Owners' Union that dealt with all issues related to watercourses (established in 1924, following the water law), which in 1950 would change its title, remaining with the same attributions. In 1948 the palace was nationalized and assigned to the Timișoara CFR Regional. After 1989, the Romanian Waters National Administration requested the retrocession. This lasted until 2007, because the CFR Regional accused Romanian Waters of registering the property with false documents. Between 2011–2018 it was rehabilitated.

## Architecture

The palace, a two-storey building, has a central bay facing east and two wings of about 30 m, the southern wing being located on 16 December 1989 Boulevard, and the northern one on Tudor Vladimirescu Embankment. The central bay, where the entrance to the building is located, is elevated and dominated by a cupola tower, which is a wooden construction, currently covered with galvanized sheet that imitates the original tile. The eastern facade of the bay, with a length of about 17 m, is decorated with double columns of the Ionic order, which highlight the pediments. The whole building is very richly ornamented, with neo-baroque elements in the eclectic Secession style. The decoration was mainly done with aquatic elements and marine figures: fish, seahorses, seashells, aquatic plants and female anthropomorphic figures.
# Arbatan, Marand

Arbatan (Persian: ارباتان, also Romanized as Arbaţān) is a village in Zolbin Rural District, Yamchi District, Marand County, East Azerbaijan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 1,582, in 336 families.

## Name

According to Vladimir Minorsky, the name "Arbatan" is derived from the Mongolian language and means "chief of ten men".$^{:76}$
# Amir Hendeh, Dehshal

Amir Hendeh (Persian: اميرهنده, also Romanized as Amīr Hendeh; also known as Bālā Maḩalleh-ye Amīr Hendeh) is a village in Dehshal Rural District, in the Central District of Astaneh-ye Ashrafiyeh County, Gilan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 970, in 303 families.
# Alexander Valentinovich Yegorov

Aleksandr Valentinovich Yegorov (Russian: Александр Валентинович Егоров) (born 1951) is a career diplomat and the former Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the Russian Federation to the People's Democratic Republic of Algeria.

## Biography

Yegorov graduated from the Moscow State Institute of International Relations in 1974, and went on to work in various diplomatic posts in the central offices of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and abroad.
On 15 February 2007, Yegorov was appointed Ambassador of Russia to Algeria.
Yegorov speaks Russian, French and Arabic.
# East–West Motorway (Romania)

The A8 motorway (Romanian: Autostrada A8), also known as The Union Motorway (Romanian: Autostrada Unirii) or the East-West Motorway (Romanian: Autostrada Est-Vest) is a planned motorway in Romania, that will cross the Eastern Carpathians to connect the historical regions of Moldavia and Transylvania. It will directly link the cities of Iași and Târgu Mureș. The A8 motorway route is an integral part of the Trans-European Transport (TEN-T) Core Network.
As of May 2024, two sections are under design and construction, two are tendered, while other sections of the motorway are in various stages of planning.

## History

Early plans estimated the first opening as early as 2009. With a total length of around 304 kilometres (189 mi), and an estimated cost of 4.07 billion €, the motorway will begin from the junction with the A3 motorway near Târgu Mureș, and will run through Sovata, Ditrău, Târgu Neamț, Pașcani, Târgu Frumos and Iași. At its eastern end, the motorway will cross the Prut river at Ungheni to reach Moldova's R1 highway, which further heads east towards Chișinău.
The A8 motorway is divided into five segments: Târgu Mureș – Ditrău segment of 92.1 kilometres (57.2 mi), Ditrău – junction with DN2 segment of 118.8 kilometres (73.8 mi), DN2 – Iași segment of 61.3 kilometres (38.1 mi), Iași Nord bypass segment of 17 kilometres (11 mi), and Iași – Ungheni border segment (TBD).
Pre-feasibility studies performed in 2007 were followed by feasibility studies in 2009–2011. As of February 2015, the feasibility study revision and update is being conducted by private contractors. The auction for the execution of the Târgu Mureș - Târgu Neamț segment were expected to be launched in 2021.

## Sections

The tenders for two sections (Section 1 - 22 kilometres (14 mi): Târgu Mureș - Miercurea Nirajului, and Section 3 - 29.91 kilometres (18.59 mi): Leghin – Târgu Neamț) were set to be submitted by 27 February 2023 and 28 February 2023 respectively. On 20 September 2023, the contract for the design and execution of the Leghin – Târgu Neamț section (between Vânători-Neamț and Boureni (junction with DN2)) was signed with the SA&PE Construct-Spedition UMB-Tehnostrade association. In February 2024, the contract for the design and execution of the Târgu Mureș - Miercurea Nirajului section was signed with Nurol. The duration of the contracts are 30 months long, 6 months for planning and 24 months for the execution.
The tender for the design and execution of section 1b Miercurea Nirajului - Sărățeni (23.4 kilometres (14.5 mi)) was to be submitted by 22 May 2024, and by 25 June 2024 for the Pipirig – Leghin section (19.3 kilometres (12.0 mi)).
# Saber Safar

Saber Safar Fares (Arabic: صابر صفر فارس) is a Free Syrian Army colonel, who defected from the Syrian Armed Forces to the FSA in 2013. He was the founder and commander of the Hamza Division and also holds the position of overall commander in the First Army of the Southern Front since 1 January 2015. As of late 2015, he was reportedly the highest ranking FSA officer in southern Syria.

## History

In August 2015, Saber Safar survived an assassination attempt in the 1st Army headquarters in the town of Abtaa.
# Kureyşlisarıkaya, Üzümlü

Kureyşlisarıkaya (Kurdish: Kureyş) is a village in the Üzümlü District, Erzincan Province, Turkey. The village is populated by Kurds of the Alan and Lolan tribes and had a population of 63 in 2021.
The hamlets of Ahmetağa, Akören, Aydoğdu, Hasanağa, Hubar, Ilıçlı, Kazmalı, Memiliağa, Sarıca and Tekdam are attached to the village.