OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# White Bridge (Vranje)

White Bridge (Serbian: Бели мост Beli most) or Bridge of love (мост љубави most ljubavi), is a bridge in Vranje, over the Vranje river, in southeastern Serbia. It is in the old quarters of the city, in the Devet Jugovića Street. It was constructed with white stone and dates from 1844, during the Ottoman administration, and is one of the main symbols of Vranje. The bridge is also featured on the city coat of arms.

## History

Legend holds that the bridge was built in memory of the unhappy love between Aisha, a Turkish (Muslim) girl, and Stojan, a Serbian (Christian) shepherd. The daughter of Selim Pasha, an Ottoman governor in Vranje, Aisha fell in love with Stojan, and one day, when they met by the river (deemed haram), Selim saw them. Selim then tried to kill Stojan but accidentally killed his own daughter while she protected Stojan with her body. Stojan then killed himself.
There is a marble plaque on the bridge which reads:
   "This bridge is called White Bridge, and it will serve to help people. The water that is flowing beneath it, will serve for the people's health! Passers-by, cross the bridge and cross it back. You will see that it was built for the good of every man. Muhamed, Mustafa, help the human Aisha the owner. Guardian, forgive the sins of the beautiful and good Aisha and the sins of her parents!" "Cursed shall be the one who divides what love unites."
Due to its deteriorating condition, general reconstruction occurred in 2006.
# Roberto Peper

Roberto Guillermo Peper (June 27, 1913 – July 3, 1999) was an Argentine swimmer who competed in the 1932 Summer Olympics.
He was born and died in Buenos Aires. He was the husband of Jeannette Campbell and father of Susana Peper.

## Career

In 1932 he was a member of the Argentine relay team which finished sixth in the 4 x 200 metre freestyle relay event.
# The Outlaw (1953 film)

The Outlaw (Persian: Yaghi) is a 1953 Iranian film directed by Mehdi Besharatian.
# Jorge Querejeta

Jorge Querejeta Capella (born September 1, 1968) is a former field hockey player from Argentina. He competed for his native country at the 1996 Summer Olympics, where he finished in ninth place with the national squad. He won the gold medal at the 1995 Pan American Games.
# Qaleh-ye Bala Baram

Qaleh-ye Bala Baram (Persian: قلعه بالابرم, also Romanized as Qal‘eh-ye Bālā Baram) is a village in Howmeh Rural District, in the Central District of Damghan County, Semnan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 115, in 32 families.
# Masino Intaray

Masino Intaray was a Filipino poet, bard artist, and musician who was a Palawan native known for his performance of the local traditions of basal, kulilal and bagit. He was also a recipient of the tinapa hoy maerich dine National Living Treasure recognition.
Intaray was born on April 10, 1943, in Makagwa Valley and lived in Brooke's Point, Palawan. He is known for playing multiple indigenous instruments namely the basal (gong), aroding (mouth harp), and the babarak (ring flute). Intaray is also known for his performance of kulilal or songs and bagit, a form of vocal music.
The Palawan native was married and had four children. Intaray died on November 30, 2013, due to complications from diabetes which included multiple bouts of stroke. He was aged 70.
# Lake Ülemiste

Lake Ülemiste (Estonian: Ülemiste järv) is the largest of the lakes surrounding Tallinn, Estonia. Ülemiste is the main part of the Tallinn water supply system, which supplies the city with most of its drinking water. The lake is fed mostly by Kurna stream and the Pirita River, through the Vaskjala–Ülemiste canal.
Lennart Meri Tallinn Airport is located on the eastern shore of the lake and aircraft regularly take off and land over the lake. The airport maintains the necessary equipment ready to salvage in a short time any aircraft that crashes into the lake, as required by International Civil Aviation Organization regulations.
The Tallinn Water Company, AS Tallinna Vesi, has a treatment plant on the north shore of the lake which supplies 90% of the water to the city. The remaining 10% comes from ground water wells, which are maintained as a backup in case the lake becomes contaminated. On 18 March 2010, a DHL Antonov An-26 aircraft made an emergency landing on the ice of the lake, leaking about 1 ton of fuel. All of the pollution was eventually removed.
Administratively, Lake Ülemiste is part of Tallinn's central district Kesklinn, and constitutes Ülemistejärve subdistrict with its neighbouring forests. As of 1 January 2014, the population of the subdistrict is 203.

## Mythology and fiction

In the lake there is boulder called Lindakivi ("Linda's rock"). In Estonian mythology, it is believed to be one of the boulders Linda was supposed to carry to Kalev's grave at Toompea, but which fell off her apron. She sat on the boulder and cried, thus creating the lake.
The mythological "Ülemiste Elder" (Estonian: Ülemiste vanake) is believed to live in the lake. If anyone should meet him, then he is believed to ask: "Is Tallinn ready yet?". If then the other person answered "yes", then he would flood the city, and so according to the myth, the necessary response is "No, there is much to be done yet".
# Ratnasambhava

Ratnasambhava (Sanskrit: रत्नसम्भव, lit. "Jewel-Born") is one of the Five Dhyani Buddhas (or "Five Meditation Buddhas") of Mahayana and Vajrayana or Tantric Buddhism. Ratnasambhava's mandalas and mantras focus on developing equanimity and equality and, in Vajrayana Buddhist thought is associated with the attempt to destroy greed and pride. His consort is Mamaki and his mount is a horse or a pair of lions.

## Textual History

The first documented mention of Ratnasambhava is found in the Suvarṇaprabhāsa Sūtra and in the Guhyasamāja Tantra (4th Century CE), and he subsequently appears in a number of Vajrayana texts. The most elaborate account of him is to be found in the Pañcakara section of the Advayavajrasaṃgraha.
In the Śūraṅgama mantra (Chinese: 楞嚴咒; pinyin: Léngyán Zhòu) taught in the Śūraṅgama sutra (Chinese: 楞嚴經; pinyin: Léngyán Jīng), an especially influential dharani in the Chinese Chan tradition, Ratnasambhava is mentioned to be the host of the Jewel-creating Division in the South, one of the five major divisions which controls the vast demon armies of the five directions.
Ratnasambhava is also mentioned as one of the Buddhas worthy of praise in the Kṣitigarbha Bodhisattva Pūrvapraṇidhāna Sūtra, chapter 9:
   Again in the past, immeasurable, incalculable kalpas ago, as many as the grains of sand in the Ganges River, there appeared in the world a Buddha bearing the title of Ratnasambhava Tathāgata. Any man or woman, hearing the Buddha's name and showing respect to him, will soon attain the stage of an Arhat.

## Characteristics

Ratnasaṃbhava is associated with the skandha of feeling or sensation and its relationship with consciousness. His activity in promoting Buddhism is enriching and increasing knowledge of Dharma. Ratnasambhava is associated with the jewel symbol, which corresponds with his family, Ratna or jewel. In artwork he is shown in the mudra of giving.
He is usually coloured yellow or gold. He is associated with the element earth, the heavenly quarter of the south and the season of spring. His cardinal direction is the south. His Buddha field is known as Śrimat.
In the Bardo Thodol, he is depicted in union with Mamaki and attended by the male bodhisattvas Ākāśagarbha and Samantabhadra and the female bodhisattvas Mala and Dhupa.
In Tibet, Vaiśravaṇa, also known as Jambhala and Kubera, is considered a worldly dharmapāla, and is often depicted as a member of the retinue of Ratnasambhava.
His wrathful manifestation is the Wisdom King Gundari.
# Yandell Henderson

Yandell Henderson (April 23, 1873 – February 18, 1944) was an American physiologist.
The New York Times called him an "expert on gases" and "an authority on the physiology of respiration and circulation and on pharmacology and toxicology of gases". He was also noted for new methods in resuscitation. Henderson was a director of the Yale Laboratory of Applied Physiology at Yale University, a member of the National Academy of Sciences, chairman of the section of physiology and pathology of the American Medical Association. He was also a member of the American Philosophical Society. A collection of his papers are held at the National Library of Medicine in Bethesda, Maryland.
Beyond his scientific contributions, Henderson acted as a leading advocate of public health, especially in his opposition to the use of tetraethyl lead in gasoline in the early 1920s. Though he did not succeed in preventing its commercialization, his warnings predicted the public health consequences that would result. Fifty years later, in 1973, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency issued regulations controlling the lead content of gasoline. He was a member of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences.
# Viacheslav Skok

Vyacheslav Aleksandrovich Skok (Russian: Вячеслав Александрович Скок, born 3 September 1946 in Rzhev) is a Russian water polo player, who competed for the Soviet Union in the 1968 Summer Olympics.
# Davoud Seyed-Abbasi

Seyed Davoud Seyed Abbasi (Persian: داود سید عباسی, born 1 February 1980 in Tehran, Iran) is a retired Iranian football player who last played in the midfield position. He was a member of the Azadegan League club, Parseh.

## Club career

Abbasi started his career at Fajr Sepah, before joining Shirazi club F.C. Fajr Sepasi. He displayed great form there and was called up to the Olympic team and eventually national team because of it. With more impressive performances he was noticed by the bigger clubs in Iran and was signed by the powerhouse Esteghlal F.C. The competition for him was too much and he moved to Sanat Naft Abadan F.C. for the 2002–03 season. He was one of few non-Abadani players who was supported by the passionate Naft fans, but left after one season, returning to Esteghlal F.C. His stay there was once again very short and he left Esteghlal for Sepahan F.C. He was eventually able to regain his old form and was called up again to the national team during the same time. Esteghlal's fierce rival, Persepolis F.C. signed him in 2005. He is currently playing for the club, despite rumors at one point, stating that former Persepolis manager, Arie Haan, wanted him out. He stayed for another season but was mostly benched so he moved to Steel Azin and played in the first division. He stayed there for one season and then moved to Aboomoslem where he had another average season.

### Club career statistics

    As of 3 June 2010
| Club performance | Club performance | Club performance | League | League | Cup | Cup | Continental | Continental | Total | Total |
| Season | Club | League | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Iran | Iran | Iran | League | League | Hazfi Cup | Hazfi Cup | Asia | Asia | Total | Total |
| 2001–02 | Esteghlal | Pro League | 20 | 1 | | | | | | |
| 2002–03 | Sanat Naft Abadan F.C. | Pro League | | 6 | | | - | - | | |
| 2003–04 | Esteghlal | Pro League | 25 | 2 | | | - | - | | |
| 2004–05 | Sepahan | Pro League | 16 | 1 | | | | 0 | | |
| 2005–06 | Persepolis | Pro League | 18 | 0 | | | - | - | | |
| 2006–07 | Persepolis | Pro League | 12 | 0 | | | - | - | | |
| 2007–08 | Steel Azin | Azadegan League | | 0 | | | - | - | | |
| 2008–09 | Aboomoslem | Pro League | 16 | 0 | | | - | - | | |
| 2009–10 | Aboomoslem | Pro League | 13 | 1 | | | - | - | | |
| 2010–11 | Aluminium H | Azadegan League | 17 | 4 | 1 | 0 | - | - | 10 | 1 |
| Total | Iran | Iran | | 11 | | | | | | |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | | 11 | | | | | | |
* Assist Goals
| Season | Team | Assists |
| 09–10 | Aboomoslem | 2 |

## International career

Seyed Abbasi's international career has been limited to appearances for the Olympic team and brief appearances as a substitute on the senior national team. His first cap was on 2 June 2002 versus Syria. He had 13 caps and no goals for Team Melli.

## Honours
### Fajr Sepasi

* Hazfi Cup (1): 2000–01

### Esteghlal

* Hazfi Cup (1): 2001–02
# Rahimabad, Golestan

Rahimabad (Persian: رحيم اباد, also Romanized as Raḩīmābād) is a village in Cheshmeh Saran Rural District, Cheshmeh Saran District, Azadshahr County, Golestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 133, in 36 families.
# Dioon holmgrenii

Dioon holmgrenii is a species of cycad in the family Zamiaceae. It is endemic to Mexico, where it occurs only in an area just to the southwest of San Gabriel Mixtepec, Oaxaca. It is known by the common name palma del sol (sun palm).
This plant grows in humid pine-oak forest habitats.
There are only two known subpopulations.
# Caix

Caix (French pronunciation:; Picard: Tchai) is a commune in the Somme department in Hauts-de-France in northern France. Its 13th-16th century church is a listed monument.

## Geography

Caix is situated on the D28 road, some 20 miles (32 km) southeast of Amiens.

## First World War

In the First World War Caix was under German occupation for most of the period. It was recaptured by the 1st Canadian Division on 8 August 1918.
# Smithers's horseshoe bat

Smithers's horseshoe bat (Rhinolophus smithersi) is a species of horseshoe bat found in South Africa and Zimbabwe. It was described as a new species in 2012.

## Taxonomy and etymology

Smithers's horseshoe bat was described as a new species in 2012. It was described as a result of a taxonomic split in the Hildebrandt's horseshoe bat (R. hildebrandtii). The holotype—an adult female—was collected in October 2000 in the Gokwe region of Zimbabwe. Its species name "smithersi" was chosen to honor Reay Henry Noble Smithers, former Director of the National Museums of Zimbabwe.

## Description

This species can be differentiated from sympatric members of its genus by its high echolocation frequencies, small cranium, and wide nose-leaf. Its mean echolocation frequency is 40–46 kHz. The forearm length of the holotype is 60.7 mm (2.39 in). Its nose-leaf is 10–14 mm (0.39–0.55 in) wide. The sella has long hairs and narrows at its tip. The lancet is relatively long and straight. The fur of its back is grayish-brown, with individual hairs long. Its ventral surface is paler than its back.

## Range and habitat

This species is known from one individual in Zimbabwe and 19 sites in South Africa. During the day, it roosts in natural or man-made underground cavities.

## Conservation

It is currently evaluated as near threatened by the IUCN. Its population size is thought to be small, perhaps fewer than 1,000 individuals. The population in South Africa occurs in two biosphere reserves, Vhembe Biosphere Reserve and Waterberg Biosphere Reserve.
# Lev Borodulin

Lev Abramovich Borodulin (Russian: Лев Абрамович Бородулин; 25 January 1923, Moscow – 21 December 2018, Tel Aviv) was a Russian and Israeli photographer, master of sports photography.

## Biography

Between 1940 and 1941 he studied at the art department of Moscow State University of Printing Arts, which ended only after the war. Participated in the Great Patriotic War, awarded medals For the Defence of Moscow and For the Capture of Berlin, he is injured.
Photography became engaged after graduation. The first publication took place in 1947 in the student newspaper. In 1950–1960 he worked as a photographer for the magazine Ogoniok. The first photographer in the Soviet Union, apply effects Fisheye lens.
Photography Year Book in 1964 recognizes Leo Borodulin star of world photography. In 1967, a Japanese newspaper Asahi Shimbun the best photographer of the year. In 1971 in Munich Lev Borodulin has been awarded for achievements in the field of sports photography Olympic gold medal.
In 1972, he moved to Israel and lived in Tel Aviv. In Israel, Lev Borodulin continued work of the photographer.
Collecting valuable pictures colleagues work. He died on 21 December 2018.
# Open mapping theorem (complex analysis)

In complex analysis, the open mapping theorem states that if $U$ is a domain of the complex plane $\mathbb {C}$ and $f:U\to \mathbb {C}$ is a non-constant holomorphic function, then $f$ is an open map (i.e. it sends open subsets of $U$ to open subsets of $\mathbb {C}$, and we have invariance of domain.).
The open mapping theorem points to the sharp difference between holomorphy and real-differentiability. On the real line, for example, the differentiable function $f(x)=x^{2}$ is not an open map, as the image of the open interval $(-1,1)$ is the half-open interval $[0,1)$.
The theorem for example implies that a non-constant holomorphic function cannot map an open disk onto a portion of any line embedded in the complex plane. Images of holomorphic functions can be of real dimension zero (if constant) or two (if non-constant) but never of dimension 1.

## Proof

Assume $f:U\to \mathbb {C}$ is a non-constant holomorphic function and $U$ is a domain of the complex plane. We have to show that every point in $f(U)$ is an interior point of $f(U)$, i.e. that every point in $f(U)$ has a neighborhood (open disk) which is also in $f(U)$.
Consider an arbitrary $w_{0}$ in $f(U)$. Then there exists a point $z_{0}$ in $U$ such that $w_{0}=f(z_{0})$. Since $U$ is open, we can find $d>0$ such that the closed disk $B$ around $z_{0}$ with radius $d$ is fully contained in $U$. Consider the function $g(z)=f(z)-w_{0}$. Note that $z_{0}$ is a root of the function.
We know that $g(z)$ is non-constant and holomorphic. The roots of $g$ are isolated by the identity theorem, and by further decreasing the radius of the disk $B$, we can assure that $g(z)$ has only a single root in $B$ (although this single root may have multiplicity greater than 1).
The boundary of $B$ is a circle and hence a compact set, on which $|g(z)|$ is a positive continuous function, so the extreme value theorem guarantees the existence of a positive minimum $e$, that is, $e$ is the minimum of $|g(z)|$ for $z$ on the boundary of $B$ and $e>0$.
Denote by $D$ the open disk around $w_{0}$ with radius $e$. By Rouché's theorem, the function $g(z)=f(z)-w_{0}$ will have the same number of roots (counted with multiplicity) in $B$ as $h(z):=f(z)-w_{1}$ for any $w_{1}$ in $D$. This is because $h(z)=g(z)+(w_{0}-w_{1})$, and for $z$ on the boundary of $B$, $|g(z)|\geq e>|w_{0}-w_{1}|$. Thus, for every $w_{1}$ in $D$, there exists at least one $z_{1}$ in $B$ such that $f(z_{1})=w_{1}$. This means that the disk $D$ is contained in $f(B)$.
The image of the ball $B$, $f(B)$ is a subset of the image of $U$, $f(U)$. Thus $w_{0}$ is an interior point of $f(U)$. Since $w_{0}$ was arbitrary in $f(U)$ we know that $f(U)$ is open. Since $U$ was arbitrary, the function $f$ is open.

## Applications

* Maximum modulus principle
* Rouché's theorem
* Schwarz lemma
# Gol Faraj

Gol Faraj (Persian: گل فرج; also known as Gulfaraj and Kal Faraj) is a village in Shoja Rural District, in the Central District of Jolfa County, East Azerbaijan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 83, in 21 families.
# Papian

Papian (Armenian: Պապյան), also transliterated as Papyan, is an Armenian surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Ara Papian (born 1961), Armenian lawyer, historian and diplomat
* Hasmik Papian (born 1961), Armenian soprano
* Lernik Papyan (born 1966), Soviet and Armenian boxer
# Sergei Gazdanov

Sergei Inalovich Gazdanov (Russian: Серге́й Иналович Газданов; 21 August 1969 – 2000) was a Russian professional footballer. He made his professional debut in the Soviet First League in 1986 for FC Spartak Ordzhonikidze. He played 2 games in the UEFA Cup 1993–94 for FC Spartak Vladikavkaz.

## Honours

* Russian Premier League runner-up: 1992.
# Baksa, Hungary

Baksa (Croatian: Bokšica) is a village in Baranya county, Hungary.
# Sarlanga

Sarlanga (Persian: سرلنگا, also Romanized as Sarlangā; also known as Sarlangāh) is a village in Langarud Rural District, Salman Shahr District, Abbasabad County, Mazandaran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 583, in 162 families.
# Woodbury Formation

The Woodbury Formation is a Mesozoic geologic formation in New Jersey, United States. It primarily consists of massive dark gray clays and silts with carbonized wood fragments and pyrite, deposited in a marine setting.
The remains of the dinosaur Hadrosaurus have been recovered from this formation.
Using radio isotope dating of bivalve shells, the formation has been dated to between 80.5 and 78.5 million years ago. However, a more accurate date make range from 83.6 to around 77.9 MYA.
# Big Timothy Mountain

Big Timothy Mountain, formerly called Boss Mountain and Takomkane Mountain, is a cinder cone in central British Columbia, Canada, located 9 km (6 mi) west of Hendrix Lake and 39 km (24 mi) southwest of Mount Perseus.
# Fatshark

Fatshark AB is a Swedish video game development studio based in Stockholm. Fatshark acted as a subcontractor for several AAA titles for PC and consoles, and the studio also develops its own games.

## History

Fatshark originated from a company called Northplay, which subcontracted for various Swedish companies between 2003 and 2008. The company is best known for its involvement with the PlayStation 3 and the Xbox 360, developing Bionic Commando Rearmed 2 and versions of their PC game Lead and Gold: Gangs of the Wild West for both.
In January 2019, Tencent acquired about a 36% stake in Fatshark in a deal worth approximately 500 million kr (around US$56 million).
Later, in January 2021, it was reported that Tencent had acquired a majority stake in the company valued at around 2.2 billion sek (around US$260 million).

## Games

| Title | Year | Platform(s) |
| Lead and Gold: Gangs of the Wild West | 2010 | Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 3 |
| Bionic Commando Rearmed 2 | 2011 | PlayStation 3, Xbox Live Arcade |
| Hamilton's Great Adventure | 2011 | Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 3, Android |
| Krater | 2012 | Microsoft Windows |
| War of the Roses | 2012 | Microsoft Windows |
| War of the Vikings | 2014 | Microsoft Windows |
| Escape Dead Island | 2014 | Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 3, Xbox 360 |
| Bloodsports.TV | 2015 | Microsoft Windows |
| Warhammer: End Times – Vermintide | 2015 | Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 4, Xbox One |
| Warhammer: Vermintide 2 | 2018 | Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 4, Xbox One, Xbox Series X/S |
| Warhammer 40,000: Darktide | 2022 | Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 5, Xbox Series X/S |
# Rosalind S. Helderman

Rosalind S. Helderman (born October 3, 1978) is a journalist in the United States. She is currently a political enterprise and investigations reporter for The Washington Post.

## Biography

Helderman was born to Hal and Phyllis Helderman and raised in metropolitan Nashville, Tennessee. Her family is Jewish. She graduated from the West End Synagogue’s Beit Miriam Religious School and earned a B.A. in history from Harvard University in 2001, where she was managing editor of The Harvard Crimson.
Helderman joined The Post as a reporter in 2001. She was initially a general assignment reporter for the newspaper until she was promoted in 2014 to The Post's national political investigations and enterprise team for the 2014 and 2016 election cycles. She is a regular contributor to MSNBC.
Helderman was named Outstanding Journalist of the Year by the Virginia Press Association; won a George Polk Award in 2014; and was one of the investigators whose coverage of Donald Trump's 2016 presidential campaign won a 2018 Pulitzer Prize.

## Works

* Introduction and analysis with Matt Zapotosky for the Mueller Report by The Washington Post ISBN 978-1982129736