OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Kirza

Kirza (Russian: кирза) is an early Russian type of artificial leather based on a multi-layer textile fabric, modified by membrane-like substances. It consisted of cotton, latex and rosin. It was produced mainly in the Soviet Union. The surface of kirza imitates pig leather.
The material is mainly used in the production of military boots, where it is a cheap and effective replacement for natural leather. It is also used in the production of belts for machinery and automobiles. The Kirza SK high boots were named by soldiers as 'shit trampers'. It is also used in holsters.

## Etymology

While some English dictionaries translate кирза as kersey, this is incorrect, as kersey is a material of natural origin known since the Middle Ages. However, kersey was used in the production of the first kirza. According to a popular legend, the name kirza is an acronym for Kirovskiy zavod (Kirov factory), a factory producing artificial leather located near Kirov. However, the actual name of the factory was IsKozh (an acronym for "Iskusstvennaya Kozha" - artificial leather), and the legend is simply an example of folk etymology.

## History

In 1904, Mikhail Pomortsev invented the original leather substitute. He used a mixture of egg yolk, rosin and paraffin wax to impregnate kersey. Despite receiving several awards in Russia and abroad, it was not used due to lobbying by leather boot manufacturers. It remained expensive, despite the demand, until the invention of synthetic latex in the early 1930s which replaced the initial impregnating mixture.
During 1920s and 1930s, Aleksandr M. Khomutov and Ivan Plotnikov developed a new material called Kirza SK. Kirza SK is a pig leather imitation based on multi-layer coarse cotton fabric, impregnated by a film-forming synthetic rubber type substance involving a vacuum manufacturing process, which produced a fabric that is impervious to water, yet with a breathable membrane to let air through. Kirza was first used in 1936-1937 and authorized to replace leather goods in 1940. The Red Army trialed boots with kirza SK uppers during the Winter War but it proved unfit for winter conditions, and production was halted.
In 1941, as technology improved, mass production was resumed to meet demand for army boots during the German invasion of the Soviet Union. Plotnikov became the chief engineer for the supply of kirza SK boots to the army.
On 10 April 1942, Aleksandr Khomutov, Ivan Plotnikov and seven other specialists were awarded the 2nd Degree Stalin Prize for their invention of the new kirza production technology.
By the end of the war, an estimated ten million Soviet soldiers were wearing kirza boots.
Kirza has remained in production in Russia and in several other countries. About 85% of the kirza produced in Russia is used in military boots (including modern combat boots). Most modern kirza boots are produced from a combination of 85% kirza and 15% of specially prepared natural leather (the so-called yuft or Russia leather). About 150 million pairs of kirza footwear have been produced up to the present day.
# Chakh

Chakh (Persian: چاخ, also Romanized as Chākh) is a village in Khoshabar Rural District, in the Central District of Rezvanshahr County, Gilan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 231, in 65 families.
# Cerovljani

Cerovljani (Serbian: Церовљани) is a village in the municipality of Gradiška, Republika Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina. There is a significant Ukrainian minority in the village, with many Ukrainians settling in Cerovljani. There is even a Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church in the village.
# Tuktayevo

Tuktayevo (Russian: Туктаево; Bashkir: Туҡтай, Tuqtay) is a rural locality (a village) in Starobaltachevsky Selsoviet, Baltachevsky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 115 as of 2010. There are 5 streets.

## Geography

Tuktayevo is located 10 km northeast of Starobaltachevo (the district's administrative centre) by road. Novobaltachevo is the nearest rural locality.
# Galleria Alberto Sordi

Galleria Alberto Sordi, until 2003 Galleria Colonna, is a shopping arcade in Rome, Italy, named after the actor Alberto Sordi.
It was designed in the early 1900s by the architect Dario Carbone and constructed on the Via del Corso as Galleria Colonna (named after the homonymous square which stands across the Via del Corso). It was built on the site of Palazzo Piombino and inaugurated on October 20 1922, but was only completely finished in 1940 under the direction of architect Giorgio Calza Bini. The building is constructed in the Art Nouveau style. In 2003, following an accurate restoration, the then Mayor Walter Veltroni decided to rename the Galleria after the popular Roman actor Alberto Sordi, deceased that year, as Sordi had started his career in a theatre, Teatro Galleria, which was part of the building. The restored gallery was re-inaugurated with its new name on 30 October 2003.
* Galleria Alberto Sordi (Rome)
* Galleria Alberto Sordi (Rome)
* Galleria Alberto Sordi (Rome)
* Galleria Alberto Sordi (Rome)
* Galleria Alberto Sordi (Rome)
* Galleria Alberto Sordi (Rome)
* Galleria Alberto Sordi (Rome)
* Galleria Alberto Sordi (Rome)
# Bazeran

Bazeran (Persian: بازران, also Romanized as Bāzerān) is a village in Pish Khowr Rural District, Pish Khowr District, Famenin County, Hamadan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 116, in 33 families.
# Purushottam Bhaskar Bhave

Purushottam Bhaskar Bhave (12 April 1910 – 13 August 1980) was a Marathi writer from Maharashtra, India.
Bhave lost his mother when he was just nine years old. His father Bhaskar Haree Bhave was a military doctor. Bhave and his brother were taken by his maternal grandparents to Malakapur, where they grew up. Bhave was never on good terms with his father, a strict disciplinarian who threw him out of home at least twice.
He received his college education at Hislop College and Law College in Nagpur. Bhave was a fiery political activist of the right-wing, Hindu (हिंदुत्ववादी) persuasion.
In the 1930s, he ran in Nagpur periodicals "Savdhan" (सावधान) and "Adesh" (आदेश), promoting his political views. Immediately after partition Bhave had been to riots affected Noakhali in East Bengal. He stayed there for about six months and maintained a diary interviewing riot affected people. It was his wish to publish it, but he could not publish it. Bhave was prosecuted for being responsible for Bhiwandi riots by Government of Maharashtra. But he fought the case with the help of Ramakant Ovalekar, a senior lawyer, and won the case. Being activist of Right wing, he was almost boycotted by the government forever.
He wrote scripts of some Marathi movies like Rayagadcha Rajabandi and played small roles in movies like Ammaldar. He was a close friend of Raja Badhe, Gajanan Digambar Madgulkar, Vyankatesh Madgulkar and Govinrao Talawalkar. In fact, Gajanan Digambar Madgulkar used to call him his 'Guru'. Gajanan Digambar Madgulkar was an established poet in Marathi literature. Vyankatesh Madgulkar, his younger brother was a story writer and was a very close friend to Bhave. Bhave edited and published a book of short stories named 'Thorali pati' (which means Bada Bhai), written by Gajanan Madgulkar who, by that time, did not publish his short stories as he was already a known poet.
Bhave was elected president of Marathi Sahitya Sammelan in Pune in 1977. He was elected president of Natya Sammelan in Nagar.

## Authorship

Bhave wrote 17 novels, 8 plays, 2 screen scripts, 26 collections of his short stories, and 12 collections of his essays. The following is a partial list of his books:
* Rakta Ani Ashru (Collection of political essays)
* Viththala Panduranga (Collection of essays)
* Akulina (Novel)
* Vyaadh (Novel)
* Darshan (Novel)
* Mage Walun (Novel)
* Warshawa (Novel)
* Adich Akshare (Novel)
* Don Bhinti (Novel)
* Wishakanya (Play)
* Maharani (Play)
* Padmini (Play)
* Swamini (Play)
* Mukti
* Pratham-Purushi Ek-Wachani (Three-part autobiography)
* परंपरा (Collection of short stories)
* प्रतारणा (Collection of short stories)
* सार्थक (Collection of short stories)
* साडी (Collection of short stories)
* ठरीव ठशाची गोष्ट (Collection of short stories)
* satarave varsha (Laghu katha)
* rakhamachya muli {novel}
* Pingat petiche rahasya {vinodi katha
# Gamishli Nazar

Gamishli Nazar (Persian: گاميشلي نزار, also Romanized as Gāmīshlī Nazār; also known as Gāmīshlī and Gomīshlī) is a village in Jafarbay-ye Jonubi Rural District, in the Central District of Torkaman County, Golestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 1,002, with 215 families.
# Hydrofluoroolefin

Hydrofluoroolefins (HFOs) are unsaturated organic compounds composed of hydrogen, fluorine and carbon. These organofluorine compounds are of interest as refrigerants. Unlike traditional hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) and chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), which are saturated, HFOs are olefins, otherwise known as alkenes.
HFO refrigerants are categorized as having zero ozone depletion potential (ODP) and low global warming potential (GWP) and so offer a more environmentally friendly alternative to CFC, HCFC, and HFC refrigerants. Compared to HCFCs and HFCs, HFOs have shorter tropospheric lifetimes due to the reactivity of the C=C bond with hydroxyl radicals and chlorine radicals. This quick reactivity prevents them from reaching the stratosphere and participating in the depletion of good ozone, leading to strong interest in the development and characterization of new HFO blends for use as refrigerants. Many refrigerants in the HFO class are inherently stable chemically and inert, non toxic, and non-flammable or mildly flammable. Many HFOs have the proper freezing and boiling points to be useful for refrigeration at common temperatures. They have also been adopted as blowing agents, i.e. in production of insulation foams, food industry, construction materials, and others. However, HFOs degrade to produce trifluoroacetic acid, a persistent toxic chemical which can lead to acidification of water bodies, and which can accumulate in wetlands, a sensitive ecosystem.
HFOs are being developed as "fourth generation" refrigerants with 0.1% of the GWP of HFCs.

## Examples

HFOs in use include:
* 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (HFO-1234yf, trademarked as Opteon YF) and 1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (HFO-1234ze).
* cis-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene (HFO-1336mzz-Z; DR-2) shows also a promise in high temperature applications like cogeneration, heat recovery and medium temperature heat pumps.
* trans-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene (HFO-1336mzz-E) also has good properties, and is being investigated.
The largest brand of HFOs is Opteon, produced by Chemours (a DuPont spin-off).
# Zelyonaya Roshcha

Zelyonaya Roshcha (Russian: Зелёная Роща) is a rural locality (a village) in Zlynkovsky District, Bryansk Oblast, Russia. The population was 26 as of 2010. There is 1 street.

## Geography

Zelyonaya Roshcha is located 27 km southeast of Zlynka (the district's administrative centre) by road. Malye Shcherbinichi is the nearest rural locality.
# Pusa, Sarawak

Pusa (Malay: Pekan Pusa) is a town in Pusa District, Betong Division, Sarawak, Malaysia. It is situated nearby Saratok town. Mostly form for native Malay for fish village and famous of fish of "ikan terubok" (Toli shad) and also famous for "gula apong" (palm sugar).

## Education
### Primary school

* Sekolah Kebangsaan Pusa
* SJKC Chung Hua
* Sekolah Kebangsaan Kalok
* Sekolah Kebangsaan Tambbak
* Sekolah Kebangsaan Serabang

### Secondary school

* Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan Pusa
* This Sarawak location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Uttam Kamble

Uttam Kamble is an Indian journalist and the chief editor of Sakal Media Group. He is the author of around 63 published books. Through a journalism career of over three decades, he is best known for his writings focused on the oppressed and deprived class. He was also the President of the 84th Akhil Bhartiya Marathi Sahitya Sammelan literary conference, and inaugurated the 16th Kamgar Sahitya Sammelan in the Satara district of Maharashtra in February 2011, presided over by Ramdas Phutane.

## Early life

Uttam Kamble was born on 31 May 1956 into poverty in a rural area of Chikkodi Taluka in the Belagum district of Karnataka.He came from a humble background and his mother was not so educated, and Uttam used to help her with her work during his childhood. He was the first person in his family to receive an education. During his youth, he worked various jobs including sales and as a paper-boy, while still continuing with his education.

## Career

Uttam Kamble graduated from Shivaji University, Kolhapur, Maharashtra in 1978 with a Bachelor of Arts (Political Science) degree. After graduation in 1979, he joined a small daily newspaper named Samaj (Marathi: समाज). He joined the Sakal Group in 1982 and remained there for the rest of his career.

## Books
### Novels

* SHRADDHA (Marathi: श्राद्ध ): Posthumous Rituals (Three Editions) (1st edition 24 March 1986)
* ASWASTHA NAYAK (Marathi: अस्वस्थ नायक): Anguished Hero (1st edition 26 January 2000)
* PANNAS TAKKYANCHI THAS THAS MARATHI (July 2014)
* SHEVTUN AALA MAANUS (2015)
* BUDDHACHA RAHAAT (Three Editions) (2015)
* MIRAVNUK (2016)
* Koytyawarcha Kok (Two Editions)
* WAT TUDAVTANA (6th editions:25 July 2011)

### Collections of short stories

* Rang Mansanche (Marathi: रंग माणसांचे): (Colors of Human Beings) (1995)
* Katha Mansanchya (Marathi: कथा माणसांच्या): (Stories of Human Beings) (2001)
* Kavale Ani Manase (Marathi: कावळे आणि माणसे): (Crows and Humans) (1998)
* Na Disnari Ladhai(Marathi: न दिसणारी लढाई): (The Unseen Battle) (2008)
* Paratya (Marathi: परत्या): (The Returnee) (2010)
* Pardhyachi Gaay (2018)
# Room number

A room number is a number assigned to a room within a building. Its purpose is to identify a particular room, and help building inhabitants locate that room.
Room numbers may consist of three digits, but can be any number of digits. The room number is generally assigned with the first digit indicating the floor on which the room is located.

## Numbering systems

Similarly to how house numbering systems vary depending on the region, room numbering systems do too. Some numbering systems inform the floor in which the room is located, but not all.

### Floor + one digit

Some places in Brazil use a system in which the floor number is followed by only one number. In this system, apartment 52 is the second apartment on the 5th floor.

### Floor + two digits

In many places, the number of a room is determined by the number of the floor followed by two digits that inform the number of the room itself, even if there are fewer than 10 rooms per floor. This system is used in the United States by the University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa for buildings with fewer than 99 rooms per floor. This way, the 5th's floor 2nd apartment would be number 502.
In Sweden, floor numbers must have two digits, followed by two digits for the room number. Floor numbers start from 10 at ground level, and go down for underground floors, and up for above ground floors. In Sweden, the 5th's floor 2nd apartment would be number 1502.

### Italy

In Rome, Italy, some addresses explicitly mention which floor ("piano") the apartment is located at. So an address could read "piano 5, interno 2" for the second apartment in the 5th floor.
# Massimo Gobbi

Massimo Gobbi (Italian pronunciation:; born 31 October 1980) is an Italian retired footballer who played as a defender or as a midfielder.

## Club career

Born in Milan, Gobbi started his senior career in fourth-tier Serie C2 club Pro Sesto in 1998.

### Treviso

He moved to second-tier Serie B club Treviso in 1999, from where he was loaned out to Giugliano (Serie C2) and AlbinoLeffe (Serie C1). He returned to Treviso in 2003, where he got his breakthrough. He played 44 of 46 games for the club during the 2003–04 Serie B season, after which he moved to the newly promoted club Cagliari Calcio in the top-flight Serie A championship.
He made his Serie A debut on 12 September 2004, in Cagliari's 1–0 win over Bologna, and played 71 of Cagliari's 76 Serie A games over the next two seasons.

### Fiorentina

In June 2006, Gobbi was bought back by Treviso but sold to Fiorentina along with Reginaldo on 24 June, and Treviso signed Gianni Guigou as part of the deal. At that time Gobbi was valued €4.3 million (costed Viola €4.54 million), while Guigou was valued €40,000. (but made Viola received an extra cost saving of €200,000) He scored his first goal for the Fiorentina against Juventus on 1 March 2007.

### Parma

On 1 July 2010, he became a free agent, before joining Parma on 18 August 2010. Initially deployed in his natural role as a central midfielder, Gobbi's first season at the club saw him become a regular as a left-back from December 2010 onwards as a consequence of Luca Antonelli's January 2011 departure.
His contract was renewed several times, with his last contract due to expire on 30 June 2015. However, he was released few days earlier due to the bankruptcy of Parma.

### Chievo

On 30 June 2015, Gobbi signed a two-year contract with Chievo on a free transfer. He signed a one-year contract on 3 July 2017.

### Parma

On 14 July 2018, Gobbi signed a one-year contract with Serie A side Parma, he returned after 3 years.
Gobbi retired at the end of the 2018–19 season.

## International career

Immediately after joining Fiorentina, Gobbi was called up for the Italy national football team by manager Roberto Donadoni. He made his senior national team debut in a 2–0 friendly defeat against Croatia in Livorno, on 16 August 2006, coming on as a substitute for Massimo Ambrosini in the 75th minute.
# Sokoch

Sokoch (Russian: Сокоч) is a rural locality in the Yelizovsky District of Kamchatka Krai in Far Eastern Russia. It is the administrative centre of Nachikinsky and lies 66.6 kilometres (41.4 mi) by road west of Yelizovo. The settlement was established in 1947 at the confluence of the rivers Plotnikova and Sokoch. In 2010 it had a population of 903 people. The river Sokoch is noted for its salmon.
# Cheshmeh Chai-ye Olya

Cheshmeh Chai-ye Olya (Persian: چشمه چاي عليا, also Romanized as Cheshmeh Chāī-ye ‘Olyā; also known as Cheshmeh Chāhī-ye ‘Olyā) is a village in Karezan Rural District, Karezan District, Sirvan County, Ilam Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 15, in 4 families. The village is populated by Kurds.
# Aliabad-e Basab

Aliabad-e Basab (Persian: علي ابادبساب, also Romanized as ‘Alīābād-e Basāb; also known as ‘Alīābād) is a village in Sabzdasht Rural District, in the Central District of Bafq County, Yazd Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 44, in 21 families.
# Kushkak, Khuzestan

Kushkak (Persian: كوشكك, also Romanized as Kūshkak and Kooshkak; also known as Kuckak and Kūshgak) is a village in Jannat Makan Rural District, in the Central District of Gotvand County, Khuzestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 1,042, in 201 families.
# IRIS Joshan (2006)

Joshan (Persian: جوشن) is a Sina-class fast attack craft. It was named for a vessel that was sunk by missiles fired from the US warships USS Wainwright and USS Simpson during Operation Praying Mantis in the Persian Gulf on 18 April 1988.
Joshan's launch was timed to coincide with Sacred Defense Week (22–28 September) and took place at Noshahr's Imam Khomeini Marine Sciences University.
The vessel has a claimed speed of over 45 knots (83 km/h; 52 mph), and according to Iran's Navy commander Admiral Kouchaki:
   ...enjoys the world's latest technology, specially with regard to its military, electrical and electronic systems, frame and chassis, and it has the capabilities required for launching powerful missiles.
# Copa America (indoor)

The Copa America is an Indoor soccer tournament organised by the Professional Arena Soccer League. As well as teams from the PASL, the competition is also open to teams from the Canadian Major Indoor Soccer League and the Major Indoor Soccer League.

## Champions

| Season | Champion | Score | Runner-up |
| 2008–09 | Monterrey La Raza | 11–3 | Saskatoon Accelerators |
# On the Hills - Virgin Forest

On the Hills - Virgin Forest (Croatian: Na bregovima - prašuma) is a 1960 painting by Croatian artist Ivan Rabuzin from 1960.

## Description

The 69.2 x 116.7 cm. oil painting is held by the Croatian Museum of Naive Art in Zagreb.

## Analysis

The naive style is typical of Ivan Rabuzin; lyrical and idealized landscapes based on a sequence of circles or round shapes, filled with optimism and spirituality. His style is recognized worldwide as unique and great contribution to the development of naïve art. It is characterized by modernism of visual expression, as it reduces the use of geometric shapes, causing his art to be among the legacy of contemporary art. His works are easily recognizable thanks to the combination of stylization and geometric abstraction. The colors in his paintings highlight the location and size of the images, highlighting their symbolic significance and importance.
# Mansuri, Razavi Khorasan

Mansuri (Persian: منصوري, also Romanized as Manşūrī) is a village in Sar Daq Rural District, Yunesi District, Bajestan County, Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 582, in 125 families.
# Al-Arabi SC (UAE)

Al-Arabi is a professional football club that is based in the city of Umm Al Quwain. They play in the first Division of the UAE Football League. They were coached by Goran Miscevic.

## Current squad

As of UAE First Division League:
Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.
| No. | Pos. | Nation | Player |
| 1 | GK | UAE | Ahmed Al-Ameri |
| 2 | DF | UAE | Abdullah Al-Noubi |
| 3 | DF | UAE | Ahmed Sulaiman |
| 4 | MF | SEN | Pape Cheikh Diop |
| 5 | MF | BRA | Kleverton $^{U21}$ |
| 6 | MF | UAE | Mansoor Al-Baloushi |
| 7 | FW | UAE | Abdulrahman Kahen |
| 8 | MF | GAM | Sainey Corr |
| 9 | FW | MOZ | Clésio |
| 10 | MF | BRA | Caio Henrique |
| 11 | MF | UAE | Majed Al-Azizi |
| 12 | MF | EGY | Mahmoud Mohammed $^{U21}$ |
| 18 | DF | UAE | Mohamed Fawzi |
| 19 | DF | UAE | Sebil Jassem (on loan from Ajman) |
| No. | Pos. | Nation | Player |
| 20 | DF | UAE | Majed Darwish |
| 22 | FW | ITA | Rida Hannioui |
| 23 | DF | UAE | Mohammad Sarwashi |
| 24 | MF | UAE | Rashed Eisa |
| 27 | MF | UAE | Hassan Yousuf |
| 29 | FW | SEN | Mouhameth Diop |
| 66 | DF | IRN | Hussein Zadeh |
| 72 | DF | EGY | Ahmed El-Sayed |
| 77 | MF | BRA | Jardel Oliveira |
| 79 | FW | NGA | Victor Nwaneri |
| 80 | MF | UAE | Mayed Al-Raeesi |
| 96 | GK | UAE | Khalid Al-Zarouni |
| 97 | GK | PAK | Hamza Zahed |
# Malin Rural District

Malin Rural District (Persian: دهستان مالین) is in the Central District of Bakharz County, Razavi Khorasan province, Iran.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the rural district's population (as Bakharz Rural District of the former Bakharz District of Taybad County) was 16,077 in 3,640 households. There were 17,384 inhabitants in 4,424 households at the following census of 2011, by which time the district had been separated from the county in the establishment of Bakharz County. The rural district was transferred to the new Central District and renamed Malin Rural District. The 2016 census measured the population of the rural district as 18,160 in 5,000 households. The most populous of its 29 villages was Ostay, with 2,995 people.