OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Battle of El Tor (1915)

The Battle of El Tor was fought in 1915 between the United Kingdom, Sultanate of Egypt, the Ottoman and German empires, as a part of World War I.

## Background

In January 1915, Djemal Pasha - the commander of the Turkish soldiers - learned in Nekhel that El Tor had no force to protect it, so he sent a force consisting of fifty Bedouins and two German officers to occupy it, led by a German officer, “George Qandas,” and with him Bakbashi Hussein Fawzi from Benghazi, Libya. However, upon its arrival at El Tor, this force found that there was a garrison consisting of two hundred fighters and that it would not be easy to seize it. So they sent to Nekhel requesting new assistance, and their strength with the new assistance reached two hundred Bedouin fighters and some Turks. It occupied the village of El Tor ur, five miles away.

## Battle

On 30 January 1915, the 2/7th Infantry Brigade Gurkhas Rifles witnessed its first engagement at the Ismailia Bridge. Turkish artillery kept disrupting the British forces but not to the point of attacking. Several days later, members of the Gurkha Brigade had the opportunity to witness the first real clash since the brigade's inception in 1908.
Under the command of the Deputy Commander, Lieutenant Colonel Haldane, detachments of the Gurkha Brigade, along with a detachment of Egyptian soldiers, were sent following the 2nd Egyptian battalion, on a secret mission, in which they boarded the warship HMS Minerva on February 10, 1915. A band of Bedouins led by a German and a Turk threatened the town of El Tor on the Gulf of Suez. A plan was drawn up to land forces south of the town to cut off the attackers' return route, but that plan was abandoned due to the rough sea. HMS Minerva had to move, without lights, to the coast under cover of darkness. The Gurkhas, like fearless sailors, disembarked from the ship into small boats in the stormy sea. In silence and under the cover of darkness, they were able to reach the beach, even if some of them became seasick. The Egyptian platoon consisted of two squadrons, along with the Yuzbashi Mostafa Helmy and other Egyptian officers, and a force estimated at one hundred and fifty men. The Egyptians and Gurkha used the compass to reach the town of El Tor, nine miles away. Everything was done as planned, and the final attack began at six in the morning. As the vanguard of that force entered the town, fire began to return fire. It took them until noon to evacuate the Ottoman positions, when the mission was declared completed. About sixty Bedouin invaders were killed and more than a hundred captured by the Gurkha. One Gurkha soldier was killed in that operation, the first from the 7th Gurkha Rifle ever to fall in battle.
Meanwhile, the threat to the Suez Canal had lifted. Djemal Pasha had thrown away the best chance he was ever to have to disrupt traffic through the Canal.
# Ladd White

Arstanda "Ladd" White (August 7, 1917 – April 1, 1963) was an American Negro league pitcher in the 1940s.
A native of Redland, Oklahoma, White made his Negro leagues debut in 1946 with the Memphis Red Sox. He played with Memphis again the following season, then played for the Indianapolis Clowns in 1948. White went on to play minor league baseball through 1950 with the Leavenworth Braves and Drummondville Cubs. He died in Contra Costa, California in 1963 at age 45.
# Ida Wedel-Jarlsberg

Ida Charlotte Clementine von Wedel-Jarlsberg (12 September 1855 – 29 January 1929) was a Norwegian courtier, artist, temperance activist, pacifist and feminist. She was a lady-in-waiting (hovfröken) of Queen Sophia of Sweden.

## Biography

She was the daughter of the Norwegian nobleman and landowner Count Peder Anker von Wedel-Jarlsberg (1809–1893) and his wife, Hedevig Annette Betzy Sigismunda Anker (1819–1879). She attended the painting school of Knud Bergslien (1873–74) in Kristiania. Afterwards she continued her studies at Karlsruhe with Hans Gude as an instructor. From 1875 to 1877 she stayed in Munich, where she had the painter Eilif Peterssen as her tutor.
She was appointed as maid of honour to queen Sophia of Sweden-Norway in 1878. She is noted to have been a favorite of the queen among the ladies-in-waiting, along with Märta Eketrä and Ebba von Rosen. She lost her position as lady-in-waiting in 1885, because she refused to attend a dinner with prime minister Johan Sverdrup as the representative of the queen, her reason being that she disliked the prime minister on political grounds.
In 1892, she was elected chairman of the temperance- and pacifist society Norske Kvinders Totalavholdsselskap – Det Hvite Bånd. In 1894, she founded the women's association Unge Kvinners Kristelige Samfund with Birgitte Esmark (1841-1897). She visited Italy several times as a painter and lived there permanently from 1916 to 1923. She died during 1929 in Oslo.
# Sos Kondar

Sos Kondar (Persian: سسكندر, also Romanized as Seskandar and Seskondar; also known as Sekandar, Sekander, and Suskandūr) is a village in Baqerabad Rural District, in the Central District of Mahallat County, Markazi Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 51, in 19 families.
# Hoy (Ecuadorian newspaper)

Hoy, a daily publication in Ecuador, was published physically from June 7, 1982, until August 26, 2014, and from then onwards digitally. Its editorial office is located in Quito, and it is currently published simultaneously in Guayaquil in electronic format. It was created by Jaime Mantilla Anderson, according to whom it was the first newspaper in the Americas to be published online.
Hoy was part of a group, whose other products included the MetroHOY, distributed in the public areas of the mass transport systems of Quito; MetroQuil, distributed in Guayaquil's Metrovia; The magazines Hoy Domingo (Sunday Today), Cometa (Comet), La Guía Inmobiliaria (Real Estate Guide) and the printing of Newsweek en Español (Newsweek in Spanish).
# Maʽalim ʽAli ʽAden

Maʽalim ʽAli ʽAden is a Somali politician. He is the Deputy Minister for Religious Affairs of Somalia, having been appointed to the position on 6 February 2015 by Prime Minister Omar Abdirashid Ali Sharmarke.
# Hassan Mostafa

Hassan Mostafa Hassan Abdel Rahman (Arabic: حسن مصطفى; born 20 November 1979) is an Egyptian former footballer. He played as a defensive midfielder for Al Ahly and Zamalek and The Egyptian national team. He is currently the manager of Sharkia SC.

## Career
### Ittihad

Mostafa began his career with Al Ahly youth team academy, Hassan can't reserve his place at Al Ahly's squad. In 2000 Hassan has joined Alexandria's giant Al-Ittihad, Hassan Spend three seasons in Al Ittihad and has called up for Egyptian national team, after that Hassan return to his home Al Ahly.

### Al Ahly

In 2003, Mostafa returned to Cairo's Al Ahly. He also has many attempts on the goal, and scored 4 goals in the Egyptian League (2005–2006) for Al Ahly. He played a large role in Ahly winning the CAF Champions League 2005 and CAF Champions League 2006. He appeared for Egypt five times during their campaign in the African Cup of Nations Egypt 2006, although all his appearances were as a substitute.

### Loan to Al-Wahda

In 2007, Mostafa signed a one-season loan to Saudi side Al-Wahda. scoring a goal within this season. He returned to Al Ahly and cannot to play in the starting 11 of Al Ahly, and spent all 2008–2009 season on the bench. In 2009, Ahly released him.

### Zamalek

In summer 2009, Hassan joined Al Ahly's rivals Zamalek for free and signed a three-season deal.

## Honours

Al Ahly
* Egyptian League: 2004–2005, 2005–2006, 2006–2007, 2007–2008, 2008–2009
* Egyptian Cup: 2006, 2007
* Egyptian Super Cup: 2005, 2006, 2007
* CAF Champions League: 2005, 2006
* African Super Cup: 2006, 2007
* FIFA Club World Cup Bronze Medalist: 2006
Egypt
* African Cup of Nations: 2006, 2008
# Acalyptratae

The Acalyptratae or Acalyptrata are a subsection of the Schizophora, which are a section of the order Diptera, the "true flies". In various contexts the Acalyptratae also are referred to informally as the acalyptrate muscoids, or acalyptrates, as opposed to the Calyptratae. All forms of the name refer to the lack of calypters in the members of this subsection of flies. An alternative name, Acalypterae is current, though in minority usage. It was first used by Pierre-Justin-Marie Macquart in 1835 for a section of his tribe Muscides; he used it to refer to all acalyptrates plus scathophagids and phorids, but excluding Conopidae.
The confusing forms of the names stem from their first usage; Acalyptratae and Acalyptrata actually are adjectival forms in Neo-Latin. They were coined in the mid 19th century in contexts such as "Muscae Calyptratae and Acalyptratae" and "Diptera Acalyptrata", and the forms stuck.
The Acalyptratae are a large assemblage, exhibiting very diverse habits, with one notable and perhaps surprising exception: no known acalyptrates are obligate blood-feeders (hematophagous), though blood feeding at various stages of the life history is common throughout other Dipteran sections.

## Classification

The classification of the Acalyptratae has varied over time, and the below list is likely to change in future.
* Subsection Acalyptratae
** Superfamily Conopoidea
*** Conopidae
** Superfamily Tephritoidea
*** Ctenostylidae
*** Eurygnathomyiidae
*** Lonchaeidae
*** Pallopteridae
*** Piophilidae
*** Platystomatidae
*** Pyrgotidae
*** Richardiidae
*** Tephritidae (including Tachiniscidae)
*** Ulidiidae
** Superfamily Nerioidea
*** Cypselosomatidae
*** Fergusoninidae
*** Micropezidae
*** Neriidae
*** Pseudopomyzidae
*** Strongylophthalmyiidae
*** Tanypezidae
** Superfamily Diopsoidea
*** Diopsidae
*** Gobryidae
*** Megamerinidae
*** Nothybidae
*** Psilidae
*** Somatiidae
*** Syringogastridae
** Superfamily Sciomyzoidea
*** Coelopidae
*** Dryomyzidae
*** Helcomyzidae
*** Helosciomyzidae
*** Heterocheilidae
*** Ropalomeridae
*** Sepsidae
*** Sciomyzidae (including Huttoninidae and Phaeomyiidae)
** Superfamily Sphaeroceroidea
*** Chyromyidae
*** Heleomyzidae
*** Heteromyzidae (disputed)
*** Nannodastiidae
*** Sphaeroceridae
** Superfamily Lauxanioidea
*** Celyphidae
*** Chamaemyiidae
*** Lauxaniidae
** Superfamily Opomyzoidea
*** Agromyzidae
*** Anthomyzidae
*** Asteiidae
*** Aulacigastridae
*** Clusiidae
*** Marginidae
*** Neminidae
*** Neurochaetidae
*** Odiniidae
*** Opomyzidae
*** Periscelididae
*** Teratomyzidae
*** Xenasteiidae
** Superfamily Ephydroidea
*** Camillidae
*** Curtonotidae
*** Diastatidae
*** Drosophilidae
*** Ephydridae
*** Mormotomyiidae
** Superfamily Carnoidea
*** Acartophthalmidae
*** Australimyzidae
*** Braulidae
*** Canacidae
*** Carnidae
*** Chloropidae
*** Cryptochetidae
*** Inbiomyiidae
*** Milichiidae
** Acalyptratae incertae sedis
*** Paraleucopidae
# Guipry-Messac

Guipry-Messac (French pronunciation:; Breton: Gwipri-Mezeg) is a commune in the Ille-et-Vilaine department of western France. The municipality was established on 1 January 2016 and consists of the former communes of Guipry and Messac.
# Bagljaš

Bagljaš (Serbian: Багљаш) is a part of the city of Zrenjanin. It is named after a Slovakian family named Bagljas which used to have vineyards in that area. The family still has descendants in the village of Aradac. One part of the area was a graveyard, that during World War II, became a place where fascist occupiers systematically killed partisans and patriots, among whom was the famous Sonja Marinković. A monument has been erected and the graveyard removed.
Bagljaš was urbanized after the Second World War as a "city inside a city" so that it has a particular urban wholeness. It consists of the New and Old Bagljaš, which are separated by the Boulevard of Veljko Vlahović. It is often considered as Zrenjanin's version of the New Belgrade.
Bagljas has more than 20,000 inhabitants and is the biggest part of Zrenjanin. There is a primary school, "Petar Petrovic Njegoš", kindergarten "Crvenkapica", a health centre and a new secondary medical school. It lies on the exit from Zrenjanin towards Novi Sad. City's Hospital is located at the entrance of Bagljas. West of Bagljas is located a new urban industrial zone and new commercial centre. Administratively, the neighbourhood is split into two: the North, called after the Sonja Marinković and the South, Veljko Vlahović.
"Aviv Park", the Zrenjanin's only shopping mall, has opened in Bagljas in 2015. The most advanced five-star cinema in Serbia with four multiplex screens, "Cinestar" is located within Bagljas.
There is also a Zrenjanin sport airport, where famous competitions of scooter such as European Championship in free flying.
Orthodox Church "Ascension of Christ" is being built in Bagljas, the first orthodox temple in Zrenjanin after 200 years.
Some of notable people from Bagljaš include:
Ivana Španović,
Zvonimir Vujin,
Petar 'Del Piero' Popov.
# Lyrocerus

Lyrocerus is an extinct genus of caprine bovid that inhabited Eurasia during the Neogene period.

## Distribution

Lyrocerus sata is known from China, where it was a member of the Mazegou Fauna.
# Torab, Kerman

Torab (Persian: تراب, also Romanized as Torāb; also known as Torābābād) is a village in Hoseynabad Rural District, in the Central District of Anar County, Kerman Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 382, in 99 families.
# Chumdeo

Chumdeo or Chum Phra Rung Mung or Chumpha is an Ahom deity or the god of heaven in the Furalung custom. The Ahom kings worshipped and kept it in the Deoghar alongside the royal palace. It was customary to hang Chumdeo around king’s neck at the coronation of the new king or Singarigharutha ceremony. It was given by his maternal grandmother to the first Ahom king Sukapha and he brought Chumdeo with him while he crossed the Patkai mountain and came to Assam. According to public belief, Chumdeo grants infinite wealth and with the deity in possession the enemy cannot win over. The size and shape of the Chumdeo is not much known though it is described to be a stone. According to some sources the shape of this stone is like a heron. It was kept in a small box in a golden seat. Chumdeo disappeared after the end of the Ahom reign in Assam.

## Origin

According to legends, the king of heaven, Lengdon, entrusted Chumdeo to his brother's sons, Khun-lung and Khun-lai, to reign on the earth. Later, the statue of Chumdeo came into the hands of Sukapha's step-brother Sukhranpha. Sukapha’s maternal grandmother secretly handed over it to him on his way to Assam. According to Ahom religion the Ahoms did not worship idols. So there is no statue of the deity as mentioned in their religious texts. Only the member of the royal family kept two images, Chum and Seng. They were of bright colour (Rung) and both presided over ‘mung’ i.e. the country. So this images were only in the hands of the royal family who is responsible for ruling the country and was also known as Chumdeo and Sengdeo. According to belief, Chumdeo gave infinite wealth and had to be kept very secret. Some scholars suggest that the heron-shaped chumdeu could also be a statue of the dragon in ancient China and Myanmar. Seng is also considered to be a female dragon who accompanies Chum.
# Khayyam (play)

"Khayyam" (Azerbaijani: Xəyyam) is a tragedy written by the Azerbaijani playwright Huseyn Javid, in 1935. It was dedicated to the famous poet and thinker Omar Khayyam, and was firstly published in 1963 in Baku. It was staged in March 1970 at the Azerbaijan Drama Theatre in Baku.

## Play’s history

Huseyn Javid wrote the play "Khayyam" in 1935. In the same year, it was awarded the 3rd place in the competition of literary works of the Azerbaijan SSR.
Huseyn Javid once sent the play to his friend who lived in Yerevan. After a long time, in 1957, his daughter, Turan Javid, managed to find it in Yerevan and bring it to Baku.
The play was firstly published in 1963 by the Azerneshr publishing house in Baku.
On 12 March 1970, the play was staged in the Azerbaijan State Academic Drama Theatre named after M. Azizbekov by the Peoples Artist of the USSR, the Professor Mekhti Mammadov. The decoration of the performance and sketches were prepared by the artist Elchin Mammadov, and the music was written by the Peoples Artist of the Azerbaijan SSR, the laureate of the USSR State Prize - Jahangir Jahangirov. The roles were played by Mekhti Mamadov, Shafiga Mamedova, Hasanagha Turabov, Mamedrza Sheikhzamanov, Ismayil Osmanli, and others.
# Mutasarrif

Mutasarrif, mutesarrif, mutasarriff, or mutesarriff (Ottoman Turkish: متصرّف, romanized: mutasarrıf, lit. 'plenipotentiary') was the title used in the Ottoman Empire and places like post-Ottoman Iraq for the governor of an administrative district in place of the usual sanjakbey. The Ottoman rank of mutasarrif was established as part of a 1864 reform, and its holder was appointed directly by the Sultan.
The administrative district under his authority, the mutasarrifate (mutasarriflık), was officially called a sanjak (سنجاق) in Turkish or liwa (لواء) in Arabic and Persian. A mutasarrif was subordinate to a wali or governor-general of a province, while being of superior rank to a kaymakam.

## Etymology

Ottoman Turkish mutasarrıf is derived from the Arabic mutaṣarrif, meaning provincial governor. Mutaṣarrif is the active participle of taṣarrafa, meaning "to act without restriction", "have the right of disposing (over somebody or something)".

## History

This administrative unit was sometimes independent (e.g., Mount Lebanon Mutasarrifate or Cyprus) and sometimes was part of a vilayet (province), administered by a vali, and contained nahiye (communes), each administered by a kaymakam. This rank was established in 1864 against the new Law of Villayets instead of rank of mutesellim which was abolished in 1842.
"This small political unit was governed by a non-Lebanese Ottoman Christian subject and given the protection of European powers. The religious communities of the district were represented by a council that dealt directly with the governor. This system provided peace and prosperity until its abolition."
The mutassarifates of the Ottoman Empire included:
* Mutasarrifate of Mount Lebanon (formed 1861)
* Mutasarrifate of Jerusalem (formed 1872)
* Mutasarrifate of Karak (formed 1894/5)
* Mutasarrifate of Izmit
# Sanja Đorđević

Sanja Đorđević (Serbian: Сања Ђорђевић; born 1969) is a Serbian turbo-folk singer best known for her hit-songs "Crveni lak" (2005); "Mutivoda" (1999) and "Svetlo crveno" (2008).
Born in 1969 in Pljevlja, she was brought up in Sarajevo. Her first album, Ko je ta, was released in 1987 by Diskoton label, while her breakthrough came in 2003. She took a four-year break between 2008 and 2013, which made her lose popularity. She is married to a former footballer,Petar, with whom she has a daughter.
# Louisa Grace Bartolini

Louisa Grace Bartolini (14 February 1818 – 3 May 1865) was a British writer and artist known as the "Virgin of Ossian".
She was born Louisa Grace in Bristol into an Irish Catholic family of Italian descent; all four of the children were taught Italian. Her father was Sir William Grace, a baronet. In 1828, the family moved to Sorèze, where she completed her early studies in art and languages. Her first poems were written in Italian and French. She came to Tuscany in the late 1830s. In 1841, she moved to Pistoia. She contributed to various periodicals including La gioventù and La Rivista di Firenze [it]. She also translated works by American and British contemporary poets into Italian.
Bartolini's salon attracted the top Italian intellectuals of her time, including Giosuè Carducci.
In 1860, she married Francesco Bartolini, an engineer from Pistoia.
Bartolini died in Pistoia at the age of 47.
Her artwork, which includes charcoal drawings, watercolours and oil paintings, and manuscripts are held in the Biblioteca Marucelliana in Florence. In 1998, the Biblioteca held an exhibition of her work entitled La vergine d'Ossian ("The Virgin of Ossian").
# Alycaeus eydouxi

Alycaeus eydouxi is a species of small land snails with a gill and an operculum, terrestrial gastropod mollusks in the family Alycaeidae.

## Description

Protoconch matte, without spiral lines. The region from the beginning of the teleoconch to the beginning of the differently ribbed region where the sutural tube lies, consists of fine, dense, rather regular ribs with weak spiral striation; the next region of the shell extending to the constriction is long, with dense, lamellae-like, elevated ribs, which are most elevated closer to the suture. Below the ribs, the microtunnels are visible as narrow light bands between the darker, thicker stripes (visible where there are weathered areas of the shell).

## Distribution

This species occurs in Vietnam.
# Qarah Chanaq

Qarah Chanaq or Qareh Chenaq (Persian: قره چناق) may refer to:
* Qarah Chanaq, Ardabil
* Qareh Chenaq, East Azerbaijan
# 30th Brigade

30th Brigade or 30th Infantry Brigade may refer to:
* 30th Brigade (Australia), an infantry unit of the Australian Army
* 30th Mechanized Infantry Brigade (Greece), a unit of the Greek Army
* 30th Indian Brigade of the British Indian Army in the First World War
* 30th Indian Infantry Brigade of the British Indian Army in the Second World War
* 30th Mixed Brigade, a unit of the Spanish Republican Army in the Spanish Civil War
* 30th Mechanized Brigade (Ukraine), a unit of the Ukrainian Ground Forces
* 30th Armored Brigade Combat Team, a unit of the United States Army
Units of the United Kingdom:
* 30th (Northumbrian) Anti-Aircraft Brigade
* 30th Armoured Brigade
* 30th Brigade (United Kingdom), 1914–1918
* 30th Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom)
* 30th (Howitzer) Brigade Royal Field Artillery
# Romanian Fencing Federation

The Romanian Fencing Federation (Romanian: Federația Română de Scrimă) is the governing body for the sport of fencing in Romania. Affiliated to the International Fencing Federation since 1914, it is a member of the European Fencing Confederation and of the Romanian Olympic and Sports Committee.
According to the National Institute of Statistics, the federation had 1238 fencers in 2011. Its budget, granted by the Ministry of Youth and Sport, grew from 2.5 million lei in 2012 to 3 million lei in 2014. As of 2014, 45 clubs are affiliated to the federation. One third of them are situated in Bucharest; the most important are CS Dinamo, financed by the Ministry of Internal Affairs, and CSA Steaua, run by the Ministry of National Defense. The other clubs are based in Iași, Brașov, Satu Mare, Oradea, and Craiova.
The federation runs the Romanian Cup (Romanian: Cupa României) and the Romanian national fencing championships.

## History

The first governing body of fencing in Romania was the Federation of Fencing and Gymnastics Societies (Romanian: Federațiunea societăților de arme și gimnastică din România), created in 1906, then in 1912 the Federation of Sport Societies (Romanian: Federația societăților sportive din România), of which fencing was a committee. The FRS proper was founded in 1931 as a temporary organisation and officially recognised by the Union of Sports Federations of Romania (UFSR) in 1932.

## Governance

The FRS is governed by an executive committee, with Olympic champion and national coach for men's sabre Mihai Covaliu as president, Mihai Dincă and Colonel George Boroi (president of CSA Steaua) as vicepresidents, and international referee Marius Florea as general secretary. Octavian Zidaru, national coach for women's épée, serves as technical director.