OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Monowheel

A monowheel or uniwheel is a type of one-wheeled, single-track vehicle. Unlike the unicycle, a monowheel consists of a large, hollow wheel that loops above and around the driver. Monowheels are typically powered by an engine as with a motorcycle, with a chassis securing the steering, driver's seat, and propulsion mechanism to the interior of the wheel.
Hand-cranked and pedal-powered monowheels were patented and built in the late 19th century; most built in the 20th and 21st century have been motorized. Some modern builders refer to these vehicles as monocycles, though that term is also sometimes used to describe motorized unicycles.
A world speed record for a motorized monowheel was set in 2016, at 98.464 km/h (61.18 mph).

## Stability

Similar to bicycles, monowheels are stable in the direction of travel, but have limited horizontal stability. This is in contrast to unicycles which are unstable in both directions. Monowheels have also been found to have a lower speed required for stability when compared to unicycles.
A monowheel remains upright due to gyroscopic effects, but its lack of stability makes it highly dependent on forward momentum and the balance of the rider, who must maintain stability while steering. Over the history of the monowheel, various stability enhancements have been tried such as support struts (Green & Dyer, 1869), skids and propellers (D'Harlingue Propeller-Driven Monowheel, 1914), as well as gyroscopes, fins, and rudders (The McLean V8 Monowheel, 2003). Many riders choose to control stability when at a stop by putting their feet on the ground, similar to bicycles and motorcycles.

## Variants and related vehicles

There have been many proposals for variants or uses, such as a horse-drawn monowheel or a monowheel tank.
An electric monowheel called Dynasphere was tested in 1932 in the United Kingdom.
In 1971, an American inventor named Kerry McLean built his first monocycle (aka monowheel). In 2000, he built a larger version, the McLean Rocket Roadster powered by a Buick V-8 engine, which subsequently crashed in 2001 during the initial test run. McLean survived and proceeded to build over 25 different variations of his version of the monocycle, from pedal powered models, 5HP models, all the way up to V8 powered models. In 2010, Nokia used two of McLean's monocycles in their commercials promoting the new Nokia SatNav smartphone.
One variant called a RIOT wheel was presented at Burning Man in 2003. It involves the passengers sitting in front of the wheel and being balanced by a heavy counterweight inside the wheel. Rather than the typical ring drive, this vehicle is powered through a sprocket attached to the spokes.
A company in the Netherlands began taking custom orders for a monocycle variant called the Wheelsurf in 2007.
A related vehicle is the diwheel or the dicycle, in which the rider is suspended between or inside of a pair of large wheels placed side by side.
# Wael Shueb

Wael Shueb (born 31 October 1987 in Syria) is a Syrian karateka. He lives in Germany where he arrived as a refugee after leaving war-torn Syria in 2015.
He is one of two male karatekas to be included in the International Olympic Committee (IOC)'s Refugee Olympic Team (EOR) for the 2020 Olympic Games at Tokyo, where he competed in the men's kata competition. He finished in 6th place in his pool in the elimination round of the men's kata event and he did not advance to the next round.
# Liviu Rebreanu National College

Liviu Rebreanu National College (Romanian: Colegiul Național "Liviu Rebreanu") is a public day college in Bistrița, Romania, located at 8 Republicii Boulevard.
The school building, which dates to the Austro-Hungarian period, initially housed the Lutheran Gymnasium, and was used by the city's German-speaking Transylvanian Saxon population. Preparation began in 1900, when the old school was sold and the revenue used to purchase a lot. After additional funds were raised through donations, construction work began in 1908 and was completed in 1911, at which point it went into use. The present institution was established in 1923, following the union of Transylvania with Romania, when it became the first Romanian-language high school in Bistrița. During World War II, the bulk of the local Saxons emigrated to Germany, and the few remaining students were not enough to fill the school. Thus, the building passed to the Romanian high school beginning with the 1944–1945 year.
The school building, which underwent expansion in 1958, is listed as a historic monument by Romania's Ministry of Culture and Religious Affairs.

## Alumni

* Miron Cristea
* Liviu Rebreanu
* Alexandru Vaida-Voevod
# Strahomer

Strahomer (pronounced) is a village in the Municipality of Ig in central Slovenia. The municipality is part of the traditional region of Inner Carniola and is now included in the Central Slovenia Statistical Region.

## Geography

Strahomer Pod (Slovene: Ribnik Strahomer, Bajer) lies 900 meters (3,000 ft) south of Strahomer. It was created in 1974, has an area of 2 hectares (4.9 acres), and is 1.5 meters (4 ft 11 in) deep. It has been used for catch-and-release fishing since 2017.

## Name

Strahomer was attested in historical sources as Strachamer in 1415, Dachanier in 1436, and Drachomer in 1445, among other spellings. The name Strahomer is derived from the Slavic personal name *Straxoměrъ, probably referring to an early inhabitant of the place.

## History

Strahomer was already inhabited in prehistoric times by pile dwellers. Many Roman artifacts have also been found in the area.

## Church

The local church is dedicated to Saint James (Slovene: sveti Jakob) and belongs to the Parish of Tomišelj. It was first mentioned in written documents dating to 1495 but was extensively rebuilt in the 17th century. Some original frescos from the late 15th century survive on the interior walls.
# Wood (Moxy Früvous album)

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| The Encyclopedia of Popular Music | |
| MusicHound Rock: The Essential Album Guide | |
Wood is the second studio album by Canadian artists Moxy Früvous, released in 1995. The album was intended to reflect more mature, serious songwriting, in contrast to their prior albums, which had focused more on wit and humor.

## Critical reception

Trouser Press called the band "a latter-day acoustic America," writing that "the sweet singing and a hint of wit faintly echo Bargainville."

## Track listing

* "Down from Above" – 4:34
* "Horseshoes" – 3:57
* "Fly" – 4:57
* "The Present Tense Tureen" – 3:38
* "Poor Mary Lane" – 3:28
* "On Her Doorstep" – 3:22
* "Misplaced" – 4:35
* "It's Too Cold" – 3:26
* "Bed and Breakfast" – 4:11
* "Nuits de Rêve" – 6:05
* "Sad Today" – 4:26
* "Organ Grinder" (hidden track, – 2:39)
* The hidden track "Organ Grinder" is recorded on the CD as an extension to track 11 "Sad Today," with a silent gap of 2 minutes separating the songs.
# Kristin Hodson

Kristin Hodson is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker, AASECT Certified Sex Therapist, and prominent voice on the topic of sexual health in the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints community.
Hodson was born in Virginia, raised in Utah, and attended Weber State University, BYU-Hawaii, and the University of Utah. Her work as a therapist and an advocate have challenged long-held values and norms, like the 'premarital exam', among more traditional people in Utah and among members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.

## Career

Hodson's research includes maternal mental health, LGBT Mormon community, pornography, postpartum depression, and healthy sexuality. She is the founder and executive director of The Healing Group, a therapy practice in Midvale, Utah, and the founder of the Rocky Mountain Sex Summit. Hodson has lobbied Utah legislative sessions for more public-school sex education, making the curriculum opt-out instead of opt-in - the state’s official policy is abstinence. She is an instructor in the College Of Social Work at the University of Utah. She has also contributed to the Huffington Post Live, National Public Radio, MTV, RadioWest, Studio5, The Deseret News, and The Salt Lake Tribune.

## Personal life

Hodson is married and the mother of three children. She is a member of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.
# Mingin people

The Mingin, also known as the Mingginda, are an Aboriginal Australian people of the state of Queensland, who lived in the Gulf Country east of Moonlight Creek and the Yukulta / Ganggalidda people in the southern Gulf of Carpentaria.

## Language

The Mingin language's affiliation has yet to be determined but is thought to have belonged to the Tangkic language family, and to have been closely related to the languages of the Wellesley Islands and in particular Yukulta spoken by the neighbouring Ganggalida.

## Country

Norman Tindale estimated Mingin land as encompassing around 2,500 square miles (6,500 km$^2$), in the savannah plains south of Burketown on the Barkly River, as far east to the banks of the Leichhardt River. Their southern limits lay around Augustus Downs and Gregory Downs. Their sole contact with the coast was at the area where the Albert River drains into the Gulf of Carpentaria.

## Social customs

The Mingin were a circumcising tribe which dropped the rite from their initiation ceremonies sometime around the middle of the 19th century. They had close links, though speaking apparently quite distinct languages, with the neighbouring Maikudunu. According to one early settler in their area, their tribal traditions held that they were respectively formed by branching off from the Kalkatungu, a people whom they, and the Maikudunu, thereafter reportedly held in contempt.

## History

The Mingin lived along the coastal territory lying west of the Leichhardt River. One oral account, conserved by the Ganggalida, has them encountering intruders in the area of the Albert River. The Leichhardt river forms a natural divide between differing Aboriginal cultures, circumcision not being practised east of it, from which one may infer that the Mingginda included it in their initiatory rituals.
Within a very short period after the beginning of white settlement in the area, the Mingin were decimated, either through white colonial violence, introduced diseases, or both. The yellow fever that ravaged the settlement of Burketown, which was founded in the heartland of their territory, is thought to have been a major factor precipitating their disappearance, and by the 1930s they were thought of as extinct. The Ganggalida people spread to occupy the niche once occupied by the Mingin, and have successfully petitioned for a native title right to the latter tribe's traditional lands around Burketown on the basis of the principle of succession.

## Alternative names

* Mingir (misprint)
* Minikin
* Minkin
* Myngeen
Source: Tindale 1974, p. 181
# Gavlimak

Gavlimak (Persian: گاوليماك, also Romanized as Gāvlīmāk) is a village in Chehel Shahid Rural District, in the Central District of Ramsar County, Mazandaran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 184, in 54 families.
# Petramops

Petramops creaseri is a species of molossid bat discovered in Miocene fossil deposits at the Riversleigh sites.

## Taxonomy

The species was described in 1990 by Suzanne J. Hand, a researcher at the Riversleigh World Heritage Area. The author separated the species as a new genus, Petramops within the Molossidae family of microchiropterans. The holotype, a partial dentary, was discovered at the Gotham City site at Riversleigh. The genus is masculine, and combines the Latin petrus for rock with mops, a common suffix of chiropteran genera. The specific epithet honours Phil Creaser, noted for his contributions in support of the research at Riverleigh.

## Description

Petramops was a molossid bat not closely related to modern Australian species, and apparently part of a basal group involved in the earliest dispersal of the family. It was a long distance flyer, which may have facilitated its colonisation of the Australian region before other molossids, perhaps in the early Miocene. The species is described by characteristics of the dentition that most closely resemble the genus Rhizomops, found in the Americas,
The type material was a lower jaw with some intact teeth, with other teeth supplementing Hand's description and diagnosis. Other specimens, including post-cranial material, were later identified as the same species. This species is presumed to have foraged over, and at the edges of, the dense rainforest that existed in the Miocene.
# Vielasia

Vielasia is an extinct genus of bats from the Early Eocene of Europe. They are known from hundreds of specimens, some of them unusually complete, from a 50 million-year-old cave deposit in southern France and are the oldest bats definitively known to have lived in caves. The only known species is estimated to have weighed about 18.94 g (0.668 oz), compared with a median value of 13.8 g (0.49 oz) for living bat species. It is regarded as closely related to, but outside, the clade of all living bats, but already shared many features with modern species. For example, some details of the skeleton, including the shape and size of the inner ear canal, indicate that it was capable of both powered flight and echolocation, and that it probably ate flying insects.
# Vulcanops

Vulcanops jennyworthyae is an extinct species of bat that lived during the Miocene in New Zealand, a large burrowing microchiropteran that probably ate arthropods and plant material around twenty million years before present. It is the type and only described species of the genus Vulcanops.

## Taxonomy and etymology

Vulcanops jennyworthyae was described in 2018 from fossilized teeth and bone fragments. The new genus and species were placed within the family Mystacinidae, commonly called the burrowing bats. The genus name "Vulcanops" is derived from the Roman god of fire and volcanoes, Vulcan. The suffix "-ops" is commonly used for bat genera. "Vulcan" was chosen in homage to the tectonic nature of New Zealand, as well as a historic hotel, Vulcan Hotel, in the mining town of Saint Bathans. The eponym for the specific epithet "jennyworthyae" is Jennifer P. Worthy "in recognition of her pivotal role in revealing the diversity of the St Bathans Fauna." Jennifer Worthy is the scientist who discovered the fossils of V. jennyworthyae. The fossilized remains were found in sediments approximately 16–19 million years old.

## Description

Based on the mean of several extrapolations from the size of its teeth, Vulcanops jennyworthyae would have weighed slightly less than 40 grams (1.4 oz). Its body mass would be three times the average size of modern bats. It is the largest bat of its family ever described.

## Biology and ecology

The presence of a large hypocone on its upper molars indicates that it was not strictly carnivorous. A large, blunt hypocone is indicative of herbivory. It would have lived among the trees while also foraging on the ground. It likely consumed invertebrates such as insects and spiders.
Their diet likely included a range of animals and plants and more closely resembled that of distantly related South American Yangochiroptera species than other Mystacinidae, consuming greater amounts of plant-based foods than the smaller and more carnivorous modern Mystacinid species.
# Diego del Río

Diego del Río (born 4 September 1972) is a former professional tennis player from Argentina.

## Career

del Rio was a doubles specialist and appeared in the main draw of seven Grand Slam tournaments. He only once progressed past the first round, which was in the 1999 French Open with Martín Rodríguez, where they made the round of 16. The Argentine also competed in the mixed doubles in that event (partnering Laura Montalvo), as well as at that year's Wimbledon (with María Fernanda Landa), but fell at the first round in each. He was involved in a long deciding set in the 1999 Australian Open, which he and partner Mariano Puerta lost 13–15, to Brent Haygarth and T. J. Middleton.
In 1998 he and Puerta won the Colombia Open. It would be the only final that del Rio reached during his career on the ATP Tour. He had also been a semi-finalist in Colombia two years earlier and made the semi-finals at the 1999 Merano Open.

## ATP career finals
### Doubles: 1 (1–0)

| Result | W/L | Date | Tournament | Surface | Partner | Opponents | Score |
| Win | 1–0 | Nov 1998 | Bogotá, Colombia | Clay | Mariano Puerta | Gábor Köves Eric Taino | 6–7, 6–3, 6–2 |

## Challenger titles
### Doubles: (12)

| No. | Year | Tournament | Surface | Partner | Opponents | Score |
| 1. | 1997 | Geneva, Switzerland | Clay | Mariano Puerta | Guillaume Marx Olivier Morel | 6–3, 6–4 |
| 2. | 1997 | Buenos Aires, Argentina | Clay | Daniel Orsanic | Pablo Albano Luis Lobo | 6–4, 4–6, 6–1 |
| 3. | 1998 | Biella, Italy | Clay | Eric Taino | Emanuel Couto João Cunha-Silva | 7–6, 5–7, 6–2 |
| 4. | 1998 | Contrexéville, France | Clay | Martín Rodríguez | Álex López Morón Jairo Velasco Jr. | 7–6, 4–6, 6–4 |
| 5. | 1998 | São Paulo, Brazil | Clay | Martín Rodríguez | Edwin Kempes Peter Wessels | 7–6, 6–3 |
| 6. | 1998 | Lima, Peru | Clay | Martín Rodríguez | Federico Browne Eduardo Medica | 6–4, 7–6 |
| 7. | 2000 | Geneva, Switzerland | Clay | Edgardo Massa | Yves Allegro Julien Cuaz | 7–5, 7–6$^{(8–6)}$ |
| 8. | 2001 | Montauban, France | Clay | Vadim Kutsenko | Tuomas Ketola Orlin Stanoytchev | 6–4, 6–2 |
| 9. | 2001 | Geneva, Switzerland | Clay | Orlin Stanoytchev | Feliciano López Francisco Roig | 2–6, 7–6$^{(7–0)}$, 7–6$^{(7–3)}$ |
| 10. | 2001 | Montevideo, Uruguay | Clay | Martín Vassallo Argüello | Gastón Etlis Mariano Hood | W/O |
| 11. | 2002 | Freudenstadt, Germany | Clay | Leonardo Olguín | Juan Balcells Yuri Schukin | 7–6$^{(7–2)}$, 6–4 |
| 12. | 2002 | Aschaffenburg, Germany | Clay | Andrés Schneiter | Kornél Bardóczky Zoltán Nagy | 6–3, 3–6, 6–3 |
# Fernando Ferrara

Fernando Ferrara (born 24 July 1968) is an Argentine former field hockey player who competed in the 1988 Summer Olympics, in the 1992 Summer Olympics, and in the 1996 Summer Olympics.
# Norberto Ferreira

Norberto Ferreira (5 April 1919 – 28 November 1952) was an Argentine weightlifter. He competed in the men's heavyweight event at the 1952 Summer Olympics.
# Harzand-e Atiq

Harzand-e Atiq (Persian: هرزندعتيق, also Romanized as Harzand-e ‘Atīq and Harzand ‘Atīq; also known as Harzān, Harzand, and Harzand Atigh) is a village in Harzandat-e Sharqi Rural District, in the Central District of Marand County, East Azerbaijan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 603, in 163 families.
# Gogolevsky Boulevard

55°44′56″N 37°36′0″E﻿ / ﻿55.74889°N 37.60000°E﻿ / 55.74889; 37.60000
Gogolevsky Boulevard (Russian: Гоголевский бульвар) is a boulevard near the Arbat District, Moscow, Russia, named after the writer Nikolai Gogol. It was named Prechistensky Boulevard (Russian: Пречи́стенский бульвар) until 1924, after the nearby street Prechistenka.
The boulevard begins next to the Cathedral of Christ the Saviour, and is the beginning of the Boulevard Ring. The boulevard runs north-east and ends at the Arbat Square, from where it continues as Nikitsky Boulevard.
Gogolevsky Boulevard is home to the world-famous Central Chess Club.
# Nestor González

Nestor Gonzalez (born 25 September 1937) is an Argentine former wrestler who competed in the 1972 Summer Olympics.
# Carlos Guerrico

Carlos Guerrico (28 April 1889 – 27 December 1958) was an Argentine fencer. He competed in the individual foil competition at the 1924 Summer Olympics.
# Claudio Guindón

Claudio Guindón (born 22 December 1963) is an Argentine rower. He competed at the 1984 Summer Olympics and the 1988 Summer Olympics.
# Directorate General of Nursing and Midwifery

Directorate General of Nursing and Midwifery (Bengali: নার্সিং ও মিডওয়াইফারি অধিদপ্তর) is the central government body responsible for public nursing and midwifery in Bangladesh and is located in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Siddika Akter took the charge of Director General in 2020.

## History

Directorate of Nursing Services was created in 1977 and was later changed to its current form. This was done to expand nursing training in Bangladesh and increase the number of nurses. The directorate falls under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (Bangladesh).
In January 2021, Prothom Alo wrote a report about how nurses under the directorate general were forced to provide bribes if they wanted to transfer to a different hospital.
# Zemer

Zemer (Hebrew: זמר, Arabic: زيمر) is an Arab local council in the Central District of Israel. It is located in the Arab Triangle area, between Baqa al-Gharbiyye and Bat Hefer on Road 574. Zemer is the result of a merger of four villages – Bir al-Sika, Ibtan, Marja and Yama - in 1988.

## History
### Before the Common Era

Archaeological work in Yama brought to light settlement remains ranging from the Pre-Pottery Neolithic B (PPNB) to the Ottoman period. At Ibtan, potsherds dating from the Hellenistic, Roman and Byzantine period have been found.
Middle Bronze Age II findings from Yama have been tentatively identified to belong to the ancient site of Yaham. Yaham was mentioned in Egyptian sources regarding pharaohs Thutmose III and Shoshenq I. The 15th century BCE annals describing the campaign of Thutmose III against a coalition of Canaanite city-states recount how the pharaoh camped at Yaham before marching on through the pass of Aruna (today's Wadi Ara), at whose exit he attacked and captured the city of Megiddo.

### Mamluk Sultanate and Ottoman Empire

In 1265, two of the villages were mentioned among the estates which the Mamluk sultan Baibars granted his emirs after he had defeated the Crusaders: The whole of Ibthan (Bathan) was given to his emir 'Alam al-Din Sanjar al-Halabi al-Salihi, while Yamma was divided equally between the emirs Saif al-Din Itamish al-Sa'di and Shams al-Din Aqsunqur.
Yama and Ibtan appeared in Ottoman tax registers compiled in 1596, in the Nahiyas of Qaqun and Jabal Sami, respectively, of the Nablus Liwa. Yama had a population of 18 Muslim households and 5 bachelors, while Ibtan was indicated as empty even though it paid taxes.
In 1882, in the PEF's Survey of Western Palestine, only Khurbet Ibthan was noted, with "traces of ruins and a well."

### British Mandate and Israel

In the 1922 census of Palestine conducted by the British Mandate authorities, Bir al-Sikka had a population of 36, Ibthan 56 and Yamma 48, all Muslims. Until 1948, all four villages were administratively related to the modern-day Palestinian town of Deir al-Ghusun.
Zemer's population at the end of 2009 was 5,700, and its jurisdiction is 8,203 dunams. The population increased to 6,375 in 2014. The mayor of Zemer is Yassin Harzalla.
# Sixto Ibáñez

Sixto Ibáñez (born 2 April 1909, date of death unknown) was an Argentine racewalker who competed in the 1948 Summer Olympics.
# Alejandro Lecot

Alejandro Lecot (born 22 December 1962) is an Argentine freestyle swimmer. He competed in two events at the 1984 Summer Olympics.
# Lithuanian White

The Lithuanian White (Lithuanian: Lietuvos Baltoji) is a Lithuanian breed of general-purpose pig. It was developed in the twentieth century in the Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic under the Lithuanian Animal Husbandry Research Institute [lt] of Baisogala, and was officially recognised in 1967.$^{:121}$ It derives from cross-breeding of local pigs with imported breeds including the Large White, the Deutsches Edelschwein [de] and the German Landrace [de].$^{:121}$ It was bred for suitability to conditions in Lithuania, but spread to other parts of the Soviet Union including those that are now Belarus, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan and Moldova, and was also reared in parts of the Russian Republic.$^{:121}$
In 1980 the breed numbered over a million head.$^{:105}$ In 2020 a total of 353 animals was reported to DAD-IS by Lithuania; its conservation status there is reported as "critical". The Russian Federation last reported numbers in 2003, when there were 18 200 head; conservation status there is unknown.