OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Prokuplje Fortress

Prokuplje Fortress (Serbian: Прокупље) was a medieval fortified town, located above modern day Prokuplje, Serbia. It is surrounded by Toplica river from three sides.

## History

The settlement was known as Hammeum under the rule of Roman Empire, Complos under Byzantium and Toplica during the earliest stages of Serbian rule. Although the locality was settled before, various research provided that the remaining walls were built in the late 14th century, during the rule of Prince Lazar of Serbia, as a defense from the Ottoman invasion. During that period, the fortified town was named as City of St. Procopius, or simply Prokuplje, based on the name of a saint, whose remains were kept in the city since 1386. During this time Serbia developed a sort of wine which was called Prokupac (from the grape of the same name), indicating that the city had a thriving wine-making industry. Under Lazar Hrebeljanović and Stefan Lazarević, Prokuplje enjoyed the same status as Kruševac, Stalać, Bovan, Petrus, and Leskovac. It was an important trading city on the trade route towards the Adriatic coast and Ragusa, as merchants from Dubrovnik enjoyed a good status within the city, as testified by the Latin church which the Ragusan merchants used. It was one of two churches in the core of the old town of Prokuplje, the other being a Serbian Orthodox church.
Prokuplje was first temporarily occupied by the Ottomans in 1440, and then eventually conquered long-term in 1454 during the Ottoman invasion of the Serbian Despotate. Soon afterward, they restored the damaged citadel, where Ottoman crew settled in, while the lower boroughs were inhabited by Ottoman common folk. The fortress was also known as Hissar at this time, as this is the Turkish word for fortress.

## Characteristics

The fortress consists of a citadel with oval foundation, situated on the highest plateau, from where two concentric bulwarks descend forming two lower boroughs on accessible areas of the hillside. The interior of the citadel was as big as 500 square metres (5,400 sq ft) of surface and had its own water supply via a large water cistern.
The tower of Jug Bogdan, which was an outpost, is in the best shape out of all remains. It is located on Toplica riverbank. Presumably, it served to control crossing over the river, but also to ensure water-supply to the fortress. Jug Bogdan is the name of a Serb voivode Vratko Nemanjić in Serbian epic poetry.
The site on and around Hisar Hill is rich with valuable archeological findings from various eras; there were remains of Roman baths and fortifications, as well as pre-Roman and Byzantine foundations under sections of the lower town. The most common findings include spears and swords, tools for leather works, and ceramic pottery.
Lately, the project of reconstruction and restoration has begun in earnest.
# Astomaea

Astomaea is a genus of flowering plants in the family Apiaceae, with 2 species. It is endemic to Southwest Asia.
Roots and bulbs of Astoma seselifolia are often collected and then roasted and eaten.

## Species

* Astomaea galiocarpa
* Astomaea seselifolia
# Milton Smith (baseball)

Milton "Young Blood" Smith Jr. (July 6, 1906 – February 4, 1972) was an American baseball catcher in the Negro leagues. He played with the St. Louis Giants in 1925 and 1927 and the Indianapolis ABCs in 1925.
# Siege of Bassania

The siege of Bassania is a battle that took place between King Gentius and the Roman allied city Bassania in the Third Illyrian War.

## Prelude

After the peace treaty between Gentius and Perdicass of Macedon, Gentius declared war on Rome. One of the main cities in Illyria allied to Rome was Bassania, which was said to be three times the size of ancient Shkodra, King Gentius' capital. This significant size gave Bassania immense influence in the region. Because of its loyalty to Rome, Gentius was forced to act quickly to bring the city under his control. In early spring, Anicius arrived in Illyria to continue the war against Gentius.

## Siege

Little is known about the siege of Bassania. It is documented that Gentius led 15,000 of his men to Bassania. The inhabitants chose to endure a siege rather than surrender to the Labeatae forces, despite Gentius offering them the opportunity to do so. As a result, the offensive prompted the Roman forces to take action. Two Roman generals, Algalsus and Epicadus, stationed in southern Illyria, planned to march on Gentius with their forces from the Parthini to region in order to lift the siege. However, the Romans abandoned this strategy when they learned that 80 ships were positioned to attack the coast. Gentius, on the advice of Pantauchus, sent these ships to ravage the fields of Apollonia and Dyrrhachium.

## Aftermath

With the need to prioritize coastal defense, the Romans were unable to respond to the siege. As a result, without the support of the Roman Republic, Bassania was defeated and eventually fell to Gentius.
# Tom Lehmann

Tom Lehmann (born 4 December 1987) is a German rower. Along with Felix Drahotta he finished 4th in the men's coxless pair at the 2008 Summer Olympics.
# Al Ennis

Al Ennis (1897 – February 8, 1958) was an American football executive and tennis player. He was the general manager of the Philadelphia Eagles in 1947, for the Baltimore Colts in 1950 and for the Dallas Texans in 1952.
From 1942 to 1946 he was the publicity director of the Eagles. He stepped down after one season as the general manager. From 1950 until his death in 1958, he was on the National Football League (NFL) staff. He also served as the general manager of the Baltimore Colts in 1950 and for the Dallas Texans in 1952. Ennis was a professional tennis player from the 1920s to the 1930s.
# Torben Rehfeldt

Torben Rehfeldt (born 7 August 1993) is a German professional footballer who plays as centre-back for Regionalliga Nord club Weiche Flensburg.

## Career

After joining Werder Bremen in July 2012, Rehfeldt initially played for the club's U-21 team. In the 2014–15 season he was promoted to the reserves playing in the 3. Liga.
In May 2017, he signed a two-year contract with 3. Liga rivals VfR Aalen.
Having left SV Elversberg upon the expiration of his contract after the 2020–21 season, Rehfeldt moved to Regionalliga Nord club SC Weiche Flensburg 08 in July 2021. He signed a two-year contract.
# Torben Neumann

Torben Neumann (born 11 July 1991) is a German lightweight rower. He won a gold medal at the 2014 World Rowing Championships in Amsterdam with the lightweight men's eight.
# Torsten Lubisch

Torsten Lubisch (born September 3, 1984) is a German sprint canoer who has competed since the late 2000s. He won a silver medal in the K-1 4 x 200 m event at the 2009 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships in Dartmouth.
# Urs Käufer

Urs Käufer (born 17 November 1984 in Neu-Ulm, Bavaria) is a German former representative rower. He won a world championship title in 2009 in the German men's eight.
# Yannick Brugger

Yannick Brugger (born 27 January 2001) is a German professional footballer who most recently played as a centre-back for TSG Balingen.

## Career

Brugger is a youth product of the academies of 1860 Munich, Bayern Munich and Eintracht Frankfurt. He was promoted to Eintracht Frankfurt's senior team for the 2020–21 season where he made one bench appearance, before leaving when his contract expired on 30 June 2021. He transferred to the Austrian club Admira Wacker on 5 July 2021. He made his professional debut with Admira Wacker in a 3–0 Austrian Football Bundesliga loss to Wolfsberger AC on 21 August 2021.
# Kutlići

Kutlići (Serbian: Кутлићи) is a village in the municipality of Bugojno, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

## Demographics

According to the 2013 census, its population was nil, down from 4 in 1991.
# Kirill Kochubei

Kirill Aleksandrovich Kochubei (Russian: Кирилл Александрович Кочубей; born 6 October 1986) is a Russian former football midfielder.

## Club career

He made two appearances (67 mins.) for CSKA Moscow in UEFA Champions League 2006-07.
# Elmer Brown (third baseman)

Elmer Clay Brown (December 16, 1888 - July 1973) was a professional baseball third baseman in the Negro leagues. He played with the Indianapolis ABCs in 1921.
# Gremyachye

Gremyachye (Russian: Гремячье) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative center of Pavlovskoye Rural Settlement, Ramonsky District, Voronezh Oblast, Russia. The population was 235 as of 2010. There are 5 streets.

## Geography

Gremyachye is located on the Bolshaya Vereyka River, 48 km northwest of Ramon (the district's administrative centre) by road. Lebyazhye is the nearest rural locality.
# Muncho Lake, British Columbia

Muncho Lake is a highway services community in northern British Columbia, Canada, located at Mile 462 on Highway 97, the Alaska Highway, within Muncho Lake Provincial Park and on the south end of the lake of the same name. The community consists almost entirely of travel and tourism-related businesses such as lodging, game outfitting, restaurants, gas stations and fishing outfitting.

## Climate

Climate data for Muncho Lake (1981-2010): 836m :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 10.5 (50.9) | 15.0 (59.0) | 15.0 (59.0) | 23.9 (75.0) | 34.0 (93.2) | 32.5 (90.5) | 34.0 (93.2) | 32.8 (91.0) | 30.5 (86.9) | 25.5 (77.9) | 13.3 (55.9) | 13.0 (55.4) | 34.0 (93.2) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | −8.9 (16.0) | −5.5 (22.1) | −0.3 (31.5) | 7.9 (46.2) | 14.0 (57.2) | 18.9 (66.0) | 20.5 (68.9) | 19.1 (66.4) | 13.5 (56.3) | 6.1 (43.0) | −4.1 (24.6) | −6.4 (20.5) | 6.2 (43.2) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −14.1 (6.6) | −11.5 (11.3) | −6.9 (19.6) | 1.5 (34.7) | 7.2 (45.0) | 12.1 (53.8) | 14.1 (57.4) | 12.7 (54.9) | 7.9 (46.2) | 1.4 (34.5) | −8.6 (16.5) | −11.2 (11.8) | 0.4 (32.7) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −19.2 (−2.6) | −17.5 (0.5) | −13.4 (7.9) | −5.0 (23.0) | 0.4 (32.7) | 5.3 (41.5) | 7.6 (45.7) | 6.2 (43.2) | 2.2 (36.0) | −3.3 (26.1) | −13.1 (8.4) | −16.0 (3.2) | −5.5 (22.1) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −50.4 (−58.7) | −45.0 (−49.0) | −40.0 (−40.0) | −29.0 (−20.2) | −18.0 (−0.4) | −3.5 (25.7) | −0.6 (30.9) | −5.0 (23.0) | −12.8 (9.0) | −32.5 (−26.5) | −40.0 (−40.0) | −48.0 (−54.4) | −50.4 (−58.7) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 38.4 (1.51) | 25.9 (1.02) | 19.0 (0.75) | 17.4 (0.69) | 43.8 (1.72) | 63.3 (2.49) | 92.1 (3.63) | 71.4 (2.81) | 45.0 (1.77) | 36.6 (1.44) | 31.5 (1.24) | 28.0 (1.10) | 512.3 (20.17) |
| Average rainfall mm (inches) | 0.5 (0.02) | 0.3 (0.01) | 0.3 (0.01) | 5.4 (0.21) | 37.8 (1.49) | 62.8 (2.47) | 92.1 (3.63) | 71.0 (2.80) | 43.1 (1.70) | 17.6 (0.69) | 2.1 (0.08) | 0.4 (0.02) | 333.3 (13.12) |
| Average snowfall cm (inches) | 38.0 (15.0) | 25.6 (10.1) | 18.6 (7.3) | 12.0 (4.7) | 6.0 (2.4) | 0.5 (0.2) | 0 (0) | 0.4 (0.2) | 1.9 (0.7) | 18.9 (7.4) | 29.4 (11.6) | 27.6 (10.9) | 179.0 (70.5) |
| Average precipitation days | 10.1 | 8.1 | 6.5 | 6.4 | 13.3 | 16.2 | 20.7 | 17.3 | 16.0 | 13.5 | 11.4 | 8.8 | 148.3 |
| Average rainy days | 0.31 | 0.12 | 0.15 | 2.6 | 12.6 | 16.2 | 20.7 | 17.3 | 15.6 | 8.4 | 0.96 | 0.21 | 95.2 |
| Average snowy days | 9.9 | 8.0 | 6.3 | 4.4 | 1.2 | 0.12 | 0 | 0.15 | 0.81 | 6.2 | 10.8 | 8.5 | 56.2 |
| Source: Environment Canada ||||||||||||||
# Margaret Ryder

Margaret Elaine Ryder, later Margaret Vint (1908-1998) was a British artist.

## Biography

Ryder was born in Sheffield and, after attending Sheffield College of Art, was based in that city throughout her career. As a freelance commercial artist Ryder worked in a variety of mediums including oils, watercolours and pastels to produce landscape scenes, portraits and flower pictures. She also created miniatures on ivory and vellum and for a time served as a vice-president of the Royal Miniature Society. Ryder was also a member of the Society of Women Artists, a founder member of the Society of Botanical Artists and a president of the Sheffield Society of Women Artists. Throughout her career, alongside a series of solo exhibitions in Sheffield, Ryder exhibited works at the Royal Academy in London, at the Paris Salon, with The Pastel Society and with the Royal Institute of Painters in Water Colours.
# Novobuzuluksky

Novobuzuluksky (Russian: Новобузулукский) is a rural locality (a khutor) in Trostyanskoye Rural Settlement, Yelansky District, Volgograd Oblast, Russia. The population was 87 as of 2010.

## Geography

Novobuzuluksky is located on Khopyorsko-Buzulukskaya Plain, on the left bank of the Buzuluk River, 29 km southwest of Yelan (the district's administrative centre) by road. Rovinsky is the nearest rural locality.
# Rune Brøndbo

Rune "Sternklang" Brøndbo (born 2 March 1968 in Norway) is a Norwegian jazz musician (keyboards, guitar) and composer, known for recording with various notable bands including Wibutee and Sternklang. He is the cousin of the DDE drummer Eskil Brøndbo and vocalist Bjarne Brøndbo

## Career

Brøndbo has made himself noticed with his band Sternklang releasing four records within a decade (1997–2006). He also contributes on the two latest albums of Wibutee, Playmachine (2004) and Sweet Mental (2006), with whom he performed at Nattjazz in Bergen (2003 and 2006), the last time featuring Anja Garbarek.

## Discography
### Solo works
#### As Sternklang

* 1997: Freestylespacefunk (Beatservice Records)
* 1999: Neolounge (Beatservice Records)
* 2002: My Time Is Yours (dBut)
* 2006: Transistor Beach (dBut)

### Collaborative works
#### Within Rotoscope

* 2001: Great Curves (Jester Records)

#### Within Wibutee

* 2004: Playmachine (Jazzland)
* 2006: Sweet Mental (Sonne Disk)
# Molham Darreh

Molham Darreh (Persian: ملهمدره, also Romanized as Molhamdareh, Malham Dareh, and Malham Darreh; also known as Molāmadar, Molhamdar, and Malamdar) is a village in Seyyed Jamal ol Din Rural District, in the Central District of Asadabad County, Hamadan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 402, in 111 families.

## Location

The village is located in Iran.
# Khomroutak

Khomroutak (Persian: خمروتک, also Romanized as Khomrūtak) is a village in Deh Bakri Rural District, in the Central District of Bam County, Kerman Province, Iran. At the 2016 census, its population was 9, in 5 families.
# Dilaj Mahalleh

Dilaj Mahalleh (Persian: ديلج محله) is a village in Gil Dulab Rural District of the Central District of Rezvanshahr County, Gilan province, Iran.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the village's population was 957 in 211 households. The following census in 2011 counted 129 people in 32 households. The 2016 census measured the population of the village as 1,057 people in 330 households. It was the most populous village in its rural district.
# John Craig (classicist)

John Douglas Craig (31 May 1887 – 13 May 1968) was a Scottish classicist, who was Firth Professor of Latin at the University of Sheffield from 1930 to 1952.

## Life

Craig was the son of Rev Robert Craig, minister in Ardentinny in Argyll, Scotland. He was the younger brother of Robert Meldrum Craig FRSE, the geologist, and Prof James Manson Craig of St Andrews University.
He was educated at Madras College, St Andrews, and then studied classics at the University of St Andrews under Wallace Lindsay and John Burnet, before moving to Jesus College, Oxford for further studies. He obtained a first-class degree in classics at St Andrews, and a second-class degree in Literae Humaniores at Oxford.
He then assisted Lindsay in St Andrews from 1912 to 1913 before becoming Assistant Professor of Classics at Queen's University, in Kingston, Ontario, Canada in 1913. In 1915, he left Canada to be commissioned in the Royal Artillery and was severely wounded in action at the Battle of the Somme. He returned to Ontario in 1919 as Acting Professor of Latin, moving to the University of Sheffield as Lecturer in Classics in 1920, and back to St Andrews in 1924 as Lecturer in Humanity. During this time, he undertook a lot of the teaching and administrative work that Lindsay was unable to due because of increasing deafness.
Craig returned to Sheffield as Firth Professor of Latin in 1930, building up good relations with the classics department at the nearby University of Leeds, before retiring to live in St Andrews in 1952. He became a town councillor in his efforts to preserve St Andrews from change, a task in which he was not always successful and sometimes aroused opposition. His main scholarship was on the Roman author Terence, but his teaching work was also highly regarded.
# Lloyd Bruce

Lloyd Bruce (May 15, 1907 – March 28, 1988) was a professional baseball pitcher in the Negro leagues. He played with the Chicago American Giants in 1940.
In some contemporary newspaper reports, he is referred to as Sam Bruce.
# Mallow General Hospital

Mallow General Hospital (Irish: Ospidéal Ginearálta Mhala) is a public hospital located in Mallow, County Cork, Ireland. It is managed by South/Southwest Hospital Group.

## History

The hospital has its origins in the Mallow Union Workhouse and Infirmary which was designed by George Wilkinson and opened in 1841. Following the creation of the Irish Free State the infirmary became a district hospital which evolved to become Mallow General Hospital. The administration block was rebuilt in 1936.

## Services

The hospital provides 81 beds, of which 76 are in-patient acute beds, while 5 are reserved for acute day cases.
# Thracides

Thracides is a Neotropical genus of grass skippers in the family Hesperiidae.

## Species

* Thracides arcalaus (Stoll, 1782)
* Thracides cilissa Hewitson, 1867 - Brazil
* Thracides cleanthes (Latreille, [1824])
** T. c. cleanthes Brazil, Paraguay
** T. c. binota Evans, 1955 - Venezuela
** T. c. quarta Evans, 1955 - Peru
** T. c. quinta Evans, 1955 - Brazil (Bahia)
** T. c. telmela (Hewitson, 1866) - Brazil (Pará)
** T. c. trebla Evans, 1955 - Bolivia
* Thracides joannisii Mabille, 1904 - Panama, Ecuador.
* Thracides nanea (Hewitson, 1867)
** T. n. nanea - Brazil
** T. n. nida Evans, 1955 - Colombia
* Thracides panimeron Druce, 1908 - Bolivia
* Thracides phidon (Cramer, [1779]) - Mexico, Panama to Brazil, Suriname, Trinidad
* Thracides polites (Godman & Salvin, 1879)
* Thracides sacrator Godman and Salvin, 1879
* Thracides thrasea (Hewitson, 1866) - Brazil (Amazonas)

### Former species

* Thracides aletes Geyer, 1832 - transferred to Phanes aletes (Geyer, 1832)
* Thracides seron Godman, [1901] - transferred to Daron seron (Godman, [1901])
# Žukovačka River

The Žukovačka River (Serbian: Жуковачка река / Žukovačka reka, "Žukovac River") is the largest right tributary of the Trgoviški Timok in Serbia. In its upper course it is also called Leva River (Лева река / Leva reka, "Left River") and Aldinačka River (Алдиначка река / Aldinačka reka). It flows into the Trgoviški Timok near Žukovac. Its total length is 21.3 km (13.2 mi), and its drainage basin area is 104 km$^2$ (40 sq mi).
# Vulturia

Vulturia was a Roman and Vandal era town of Mauretania Caesariensis in Roman North Africa.

## Location

It was a town in the Roman province of Mauretania Caesariensis, in present-day Algeria. and has been tentatively identified with ruins near Cape Falcon, Aïn El Turk (outside of Oran, Algeria). It was a flourishing city until the Arab invasion, at which time it became diocese in partibus infidelium as an area where the Christian community was overwhelmed by the Muslim conquest of the Maghreb.
The cape is a flat plain adjacent to the sea, with a mesa rising behind the plain, isolating it from the rest of Oran. The cape is today the site of Oran airport.

## Bishopric

The city was also the seat of an ancient Christian bishopric. We know only one bishop, of the town, Reparatus, who took part in the Council of Carthage (484) by the Vandal king, Huneric, after which Reparatus was exiled.
Today the bishopric of Vulturia survives as titular see and since 1933 has had six bishops. The current titular bishop is Rodrigo Mejía Saldarriaga, former apostolic vicar of Soddo who replaced Paolo Romeo in 2006. Other bishops of Vultura include Francesco Imberti (5 Sep 1966 Appointed – 27 Jan 1967) and Marco Cé (22 Apr 1970 – 7 Dec 1978).
# Lesser Antilles subduction zone

The Lesser Antilles subduction zone is a convergent plate boundary on the seafloor along the eastern margin of the Lesser Antilles Volcanic Arc. In this subduction zone, oceanic crust of the South American plate is being subducted under the Caribbean plate.
# Jim Busby (third baseman)

James Alfred Busby (November 28, 1900 – October 2, 1960) was an American Negro league third baseman in the 1930s.
A native of Benton Harbor, Michigan, Busby was the brother of fellow Negro leaguer Maurice Busby. He played for the Detroit Stars in 1933. Busby died in 1960 at age 59.
# Mazubaghsar

Mazubaghsar (Persian: مازوباغسر, also Romanized as Māzūbāghsar) is a village in Chehel Shahid Rural District, in the Central District of Ramsar County, Mazandaran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 184, in 57 families.
# Vladimir Litvinenko

Vladimir Stefanovich Litvinenko (Russian: Влади́мир Стефа́нович Литвине́нко, born 14 August 1955) is a Russian academic, businessman and Vladimir Putin's campaign manager. He is also rector of Saint Petersburg Mining University in St. Petersburg.

## Career

Litvinenko has been the rector of Saint Petersburg Mining University since the 1990s.
He oversaw Vladimir Putin's dissertation work in 1996, which is alleged to include significant amounts of plagiarism and is speculated perhaps to have not even been written by Putin. Litvinenko has been criticised for either not spotting the alleged plagiarism or blatantly ignoring it. According to his daughter Olga, Vladimir Litvinenko himself wrote the dissertation.
Litvinenko was Putin's political campaign manager in 2000 and 2004.
On June 11, 2014, he was given an honorary doctorate by the Freiberg University of Mining and Technology, Saxony, Germany.
In 2022, he signed the Address of the Russian Union of Rectors, which called to support Putin in his invasion of Ukraine.

## Business career

Litvinenko owns nearly 15% of PhosAgro, a phosphate mining company in the Arctic. The mine had been at one time partly owned by Mikhail Khodorkovsky. He claims that he was paid in shares for some consulting that he did in 2004 and that this "did not contradict any laws".
Phosagro was floated on the London Stock Exchange in July 2011 and Litvinenko was listed among its new owners, as chairman. When Litvinenko owned 5%, the stock was worth about $260 million. In April 2014, he acquired a further 4.9% from Andrey Guryev, who controls the company, for $269 million.

## Personal life

Litvinenko is married to Tatyana Petrovna Klovanich. Litvinenko has a daughter, Olga, born in 1983, who used to be a member of the Legislative Assembly of Saint Petersburg. In May 2010 Vladimir and his wife Tatyana were looking after Olga's daughter Ester-Maria Litvinenko (born in 2009), and refused to give her back to Olga. Olga has described this as a kidnapping and has instigated legal proceedings to get her daughter back. Olga describes her father as "the richest rector in Russia" and an "oligarch" ("самый богатый ректор России, олигарх"). When Olga fled the country in summer 2011, Vladimir reported to the police that Olga and her other son, Michael Stefan, had been kidnapped and his daughter's assets were frozen. According to Olga, all lawyers defending her were arrested and sentenced.
# Frank Carswell (pitcher)

Frank Edwin Carswell Jr. (May 1, 1921 – December 25, 1994) was an American Negro league baseball pitcher. He played for the Cleveland Buckeyes between 1945 and 1948.
Carswell was the winning pitcher for the Buckeyes in the decisive Game 4 of the 1945 Negro World Series. He pitched a complete game shutout while allowing just four hits with three walks and a strikeout to outduel Ray Brown (a future member of the National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum) and lead Cleveland to a sweep of the two-time defending champion Homestead Grays and win their first and only championship.