OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# EDSAC 2

EDSAC 2 was an early vacuum tube computer (operational in 1958), the successor to the Electronic Delay Storage Automatic Calculator (EDSAC). It was the first computer to have a microprogrammed control unit and a bit-slice hardware architecture.
First calculations were performed on the incomplete machine in 1957. Calculations about elliptic curves performed on EDSAC-2 in the early 1960s led to the Birch and Swinnerton-Dyer conjecture, a Millennium Prize Problem, unsolved as of 2024. And in 1963, Frederick Vine and Drummond Matthews used EDSAC 2 to generate a magnetic anomaly map of the seafloor from data collected in the Indian Ocean by H.M.S. Owen, key evidence that helped support the theory of plate tectonics. EDSAC-2 was decommissioned in 1965, having been superseded by the Titan computer.
# Kahriz, Shahin Dezh

Kahriz (Persian: كهريز, also Romanized as Kahrīz) is a village in Chaharduli Rural District, Keshavarz District, Shahin Dezh County, West Azerbaijan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 147, in 31 families.
# Anatoly Alexandrov (engineer)

Anatoly Alexandrovich Alexandrov (Russian: Анато́лий Алекса́ндрович Алекса́ндров; born 7 April 1951), D.N., is a Russian applied physicist and a design engineer who is the rector of the Bauman Moscow State Technical University.

## Biography

Anatoly Alexandrov graduated from Bauman Moscow State Technical University (MSTU) in 1975. Several years after graduation he worked at MSTU as an engineer. In 1982 was promoted to Design Engineer, then Head of Logistics, then to the position of deputy director of Development and Studies, and later the Chief Engineer of the MSTU Experimental Plant.
Shortly after starting the postgraduate studies (in 1984), he switched to the Komsomol career and did not complete his Candidate of Sciences thesis.
In 1991, he was appointed as the Director of MSTU Experimental Plant. Since 2010 he became a member of the Skolkovo Foundation Council.
In 2004, he was awarded Candidate of Sciences degree, and two years later - a Doktor nauk degree.
In 2010, Anatoly Alexandrov was elected a Rector of MSTU.
In 2022, he signed the Address of the Russian Union of Rectors, which called to support Putin in his invasion of Ukraine.

## Accusations of academic fraud

The analysis of Doctor Nauk thesis of Anatoly Alexandrov performed by Dissernet has demonstrated the presence of plagiarism and other forms of academic fraud.
# Kin Shein

Kin Shein (Burmese: ကင်းရှိန် , born 10 February 1980) is a Burmese politician who currently serves as a House of Nationalities member of parliament for Tanintharyi No. 9 constituency . He is a member of National League for Democracy.

## Political career

Kin was elected as an Amyotha Hluttaw MP, winning a majority of votes 37,271 from Tanintharyi Region No.9 parliamentary constituency.
He also serves as a member of Amyotha Hluttaw Citizens' Fundamental Rights, the Democracy and Human Rights Committee.
# Jensine Costello

Jensine Costello (born 7 May 1886) was a Norwegian painter of portraits and figure subjects who spent her career in Great Britain.

## Biography

Costello was born and grew up in Norway and, after spending time in the United States, moved to England where she studied at Heatherley's School of Art in London. She painted portraits and figure subjects, usually in oils, and exhibited widely. From 1936 to 1938 Costello showed works in Paris at the Paris Salon. She also exhibited with the Royal Institute of Oil Painters, the Society of Women Artists, the National Society of Painters, Sculptors and Gravers. For a time Costello lived at Ilford in Essex and then at Exmouth in Devon.
# ADSA

Adsa is a village in Bangladesh.
ADSA may refer to:
* American Dairy Science Association
* American Dental Society of Anesthesiology
* Australasian Association for Theatre, Drama and Performance Studies
* Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Addressed (ADS-A)
# Ihor Rymaruk

Ihor Mykolayovych Rymaruk (Ukrainian: І́гор Микола́йович Римару́к; 4 July 1958 - 3 October 2008) was a Ukrainian poet and editor.

## Biography

Ihor Rymaruk was the son of school teachers Mykola and Halyna Rymaruk. Rymaruk began writing poems while still at school. After graduating from school with a gold medal, he enrolled at the Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, where he studied journalism and graduated with honors in 1979. In 1978 he made his debut in the Dnipro magazine, where he later became editorial director. From 1984 Rymaruk was a member of the National Writers' Union of Ukraine. In the same year his first volume of poetry, The High Water, was published. In 2002 he was awarded Shevchenko National Prize. In 2004 he became president of the Association of Ukrainian Writers. On October 3, 2008, Ihor Rymaruk died from a car accident. Three more volumes of his poetry were published posthumously.

## Poetry

Rymaruk's poems are characterized by the originality and richness of poetic images. He wrote both in the strict classical form, which is still widespread in Ukraine today, and in free verse. In doing so, he also applied the described criterion of responsibility to himself as an author. He saw himself as part of Ukrainian history and also placed his poems within a literary tradition. Both Yevhen Pluzhnyk and Yevhen Malanyuk were his role models. Rymaruk's poems also received notable recognition abroad: they were translated into many languages, including: English, Polish, Spanish, Romanian, Swedish and German. In these languages they were printed and published mainly in anthologies of Ukrainian literature. His volume of poetry “Diva Obyda” (2000), won the “Book of the Year” competition in the “Voice of the Soul” category.

## Editorship

Rymaruk worked as an editor at the News from Ukraine newspaper and at Molod and Dnipro (1991–1994) publishing houses. Rymaruk also worked as a chief editor of Suchasnist, which was the leading literary journal in Ukraine in 1990s.
In 1990, Rymaruk published the anthology The Eighties (Вісімдесятники), which brought together important authors of this generation who were unable to publish in the Brezhnev era. This Ukrainian 1980s generation, to which Rymaruk also belonged, turned against traditional forms in literature and oriented itself more towards European authors. This generation was also opposed to the previous Soviet generation of the Sixtiers and had a more hermetic and inward-looking poetic style.

## Books of poetry

* The High Water (Висока вода), 1984.
* During the Snowfall (Упродовж снігопаду), 1988.
* Voices of the Night (Нічні голоси), 1991.
* Golden Rain (Золотий дощ), German-Ukrainian Edition Poetry, Brodina, Reichelsheim, 1996.
* Virgin Obyda (Діва Обида), 2000, 2002.
* Bermuda Triangle (Бермудський трикутник), 2007.
* Tear of the Virgin (Сльоза Богородиці), 2009.
* Your good time (Твій добрий час), 2011.
* Divine Wind: Last Poems (Божественний вітер: останні вірші), 2012.
# Ueno temple ruins

The Ueno temple ruins (上野廃寺跡, Ueno Haiji ato) is an archaeological site with the ruins of a Buddhist temple located in what is now the Ueno neighborhood of the city of Wakayama, Wakayama Prefecture, Japan. There are almost no traces of the temple remaining, and its site was designated as a National Historic Site in 1951, with the area under designation expanded in 1969.

## Overview

The Ueno temple ruins site is located in a place called Yakushidan, which is located in the northeastern part of Wakayama city. The site occupies a scenic location with a low cliff behind and flat land to the south. Based on the results of an archaeological excavation conducted from 1968, the temple had a layout similar to that of Yakushi-ji in Nara with a Kondō and twin pagodas surrounded by a cloister. The foundation stones for these three buildings are relatively well-preserved, but the sites of the south gate and part of the east corridor have disappeared due to the development of surrounding houses. Likewise, the location and layout of the Lecture Hall is not well defined. Due to the topography of the site, it was not possible to situate the Lecture Hall in a line behind the Kondō, so it appears to have been constructed to the west of the West Pagoda.
Numerous shards of Hakuhō period roof tiles have been found. Some eaves tiles had a double lotus motif, and some had an arabesque pattern which is also seen at Hōryū-ji in Ikaruga, Nara. From these tiles, it is believed that the temple was founded in the Asuka Period, in the second half of the 7th century AD, but the temple does not appear in any known documentation, so its name and its subsequent history are unknown, although it is believed to have survived until the latter half of the 10th century.
The site is about a 15-minute walk from Kii Station on the JR West Hanwa Line.
# Qareh Toghan Rural District

Qareh Toghan Rural District (Persian: دهستان قره طغان) is in the Central District of Neka County, Mazandaran province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Tus Kola.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the rural district's population was 21,747 in 5,667 households. There were 21,181 inhabitants in 6,308 households at the following census of 2011. The 2016 census measured the population of the rural district as 21,510 in 6,949 households. The most populous of its 26 villages was Khvorshid, with 2,293 people.
# George Barițiu National College

George Barițiu National College (Romanian: Colegiul Național George Barițiu) is a high school located at 10 Emil Isac Street, Cluj-Napoca, Romania, named after George Bariț.
Nearly a year after the union of Transylvania with Romania, the school opened in October 1919 by order of the Directing Council, making it the first Romanian high school in Cluj. Alexandru Ciura was the inaugural director. The school periodical was published beginning in 1923. In 1940, following the Second Vienna Award, which returned Northern Transylvania, including Cluj, to Hungary, two Romanian sections functioned in the same building, one for boys and another for girls, the latter until 1942; neither used the Barițiu name. In 1941, these were merged into a co-educational state school. In 1944, after the Hungarian occupation ended, the old name was restored and the school initially operated with eight classes of boys. It was then co-educational from 1945 to 1947.
In 1948, after the onset of the communist regime, the name of Barițiu was again dropped. In 1950, the school moved into its current building, previously a commercial high school for boys. Girls were again admitted in 1955, and the Barițiu name returned in 1957. In 1977, it became an industrial high school. In 1990, following the Romanian Revolution, this status ended, and the school began to focus on mathematics, physics, Romanian and Italian. It was declared a national college in 2000.

## People
### Faculty

* Laszlo Alexandru
* Teodor Boșca [ro]
* Ion Chinezu
* Alexandru Ciura

### Alumni

* Ion I. Agârbiceanu
* Ioan Alexandru
* Nicolae Balotă [ro]
* Teodor Boșca
* Petru Creția
* Valeriu Cristea [ro]
* Tudor Drăganu
* Emil Giurgiuca
* Dumitru Micu [ro]
* Ion Negoițescu
* Francisc Păcurariu [ro]
* Marian Papahagi [ro]
* Ion Rațiu
* Cornel Regman [ro]
* George Sbârcea [ro]
* Petre Țuțea
# Khanomabad, Javanrud

Khanomabad (Persian: خانم اباد, also Romanized as Khānomābād; also known as Pīr Bābā) is a village in Palanganeh Rural District, in the Central District of Javanrud County, Kermanshah Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 269, in 54 families.
# Archie Corbin

Archie Ray Corbin (born December 30, 1967) is a former Major League Baseball pitcher. He attended Beaumont-Charlton-Pollard HS. Archie came into the league without any college experience. He played for the Kansas City Royals in 1991, Baltimore Orioles in 1996, and Florida Marlins in 1999. Archie Corbin was drafted by the New York Mets in the amateur draft, but never played for them. Instead he started his career in 1991 with the Royals, being traded for Pat Tabler. Archie came into the league as a relief pitcher, which was a pitcher who came in later in the game to relief the previous pitcher. Archie played 3 years before retiring in 1999. After his career he continued to be around baseball, being a coach in Texas.
# White White World

White White World (Serbian: Beli, beli svet) is a 2010 Serbian drama film directed by Oleg Novković. The film premiered at the 2010 Locarno Film Festival. Jasna Đuričić won Best Actress at the festival.

## Cast

* Uliks Fehmiu as Kralj
* Hana Selimović as Rosa
* Jasna Đuričić as Ruzica
* Nebojša Glogovac as Zlatan
* Boris Isaković as Beli
* Milica Mihajlović as Dara
* Marko Janketić as Tigar
* Meto Jovanovski as Crni
* Mira Banjac as Baba
# Sarab-e Naniz

Sarab-e Naniz (Persian: سراب ننيز, also Romanized as Sarāb-e Nanīz, Sarāb-e Nānīz, Sarāb-i-Nanīz, and Sar Āb Nanīz; also known as Sarāb-e Nīz) is a village in Emamzadeh Jafar Rural District, in the Central District of Gachsaran County, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 902, in 203 families.
# Bill Jefferson (baseball)

Willie "Bill" Jefferson (January 27, 1904 – May 31, 1972)was an American baseball pitcher in the Negro leagues.
A native of Clearview, Oklahoma, Jefferson was the brother of Jeff Jefferson, also played in the Negro leagues. Jefferson played with several teams from 1937 to 1948, spending the majority of his career with the Cleveland Buckeyes. He was the starting pitcher for the Buckeyes when they made it to the 1945 Negro World Series, starting Game 1 against the two-time defending champion Homestead Grays. He threw a complete game while allowing just six hits and one earned run while striking out four and walking two batters in a 2–1 win, and the Buckeyes would ultimately sweep the Grays in four games.
He served in the US Army during World War II, and died in Houston, Texas in 1976 at age 71 or 72.
# Jahanabad, South Khorasan

Jahanabad (Persian: جهان آباد, also Romanized as Jahānābād) is a village in Dokuheh Rural District, Seh Qaleh District, Sarayan County, South Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 24, in 6 families.
# Philippe Courbois

Philippe Courbois (fl. 1705–1730) was a French Baroque composer. It is commonly stated that he was maître de musique of the Duchess of Maine, but Michele Cabrini convincingly refutes this claim in his edition of Courbois's cantatas. At least three of his masses were performed for the King of France at Versailles. Sometime before 1710, Courbois published a book of seven cantatas with texts by Louis Fuzelier, who would later write the libretto of Les Indes Galantes. It is these cantatas for which he is most famous today

## Works, editions, recordings

* L'amant timide (recorded on French Cantatas "Dans un bois solitaire" Gérard Lesne 1999 Virgin)
* Ariane (on Les Déesses outragées, Agnès Mellon, Alpha)
* Orphee (on Amour viens animer ma voix, Olivera, Ramée)
* Dom Quichotte - Loin des yeux qui m’ont fait captif, 1710 (text by Louis Fuselier) (on Cantates comiques, Dominique Visse, Cafe Zimmerman, Alpha)
* Airs Sérieux et à Boire, Dom Quichotte, Anne-Sophie Duprels, Sylvia Kevorkian, Jean-Louis Georgel, Marcos Pujol, dir. Iakovos Pappas, 2000 Arion.
Courbois was one of many minor French composers who cultivated the cantata during the Baroque period.
# Voskhod (hydrofoil)

Voskhod (Russian: Восход, lit. 'Sunrise'), also known as "Design 352", "Design 03521" and Eurofoil, is a type of passenger hydrofoil boat built in the Soviet Union and later in Ukraine. It is intended for use in rivers and lakes, but good seaworthiness allows them to operate in coastal sea areas as well.

## History

Voskhod was designed to replace older passenger hydrofoil boats: Raketas and Meteors. The first boat of this type was built at the Morye shipbuilding plant in Feodosiya, USSR). By the early 1990s, around 150 Voskhod boats had been built. However, the production almost ceased later on, due to the problems the mostly-military manufacturer experienced adapting to the new economic situation in the country.

## Worldwide use

Besides the Soviet Union, Voskhods were exported to 18 other countries, including Canada, Greece, Vietnam, China, Yugoslavia, Netherlands, Austria, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, Thailand, Turkey. In 2002 three Voskhod-type boats (model Voskhod-2M FFF, also known as Eurofoil), were built for the Dutch public transport operator Connexxion.
In Vietnam the Voskhod boats are operating a daily route between the Cat Ba island and city of Hai Phong.
In the Netherlands, Voskhod-Eurofoil boats operated along the North Sea Canal between Amsterdam Centraal railway station and IJmuiden near the North Sea coast. The service took half an hour, and was part of the national public transport network serving both commuters and tourists. The boats were modified for the Dutch market to securely carry passengers' bicycles in racks on the upper deck.
When the line first opened in 1998, it used four Voskhods that had been previously used in Ukraine. In 2002, three new boats were built for Connexxion in Feodosiya (604, 605, 606; in the Netherlands, however, each one received a "personal" name). Connexxion then sold three of the old Voskhods, but the fourth, Annemarie, is kept by the operator as a spare boat. The service was terminated in 2014 due to a new speed limit (the reduced speed decreased the number of passengers and hence profitability of the service).
# Al-Fatihin Magazine

Al-Fatihin (Arabic: الفاتحين, romanized: al-Fātiḥīn, lit. 'The Conquerors') was a magazine in the Indonesian language published by the Islamic State and released by Al-Furat Media Center.
# Aleksander Kitewski

Aleksander Kitewski (born 14 February 1996) is a Polish sprint canoeist.
He competed at the 2021 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships, winning a silver medal in the C-4 500 m distance.
# John Lugge

John Lugge (c.1580 – 1647–55) was an English organist and composer, who spent most of his musical career at Exeter Cathedral.

## Early life and family

John Lugge was the son of Joan Downe and Thomas Lugge, a shoemaker. He was baptized on 24 October 1580 at Barnstaple. His brother Peter was brought up in Lisbon, Portugal. He married Rebecca, with whom he had six children. One of their sons, Robert, studied music at St John's College, Oxford, and himself became a composer. Rebecca died in August 1644, but the year of John Lugge's death is unknown. The last documentary evidence relating to him is from 1647, where he transferred the lease of his house to one of his daughters.

## Music career
### As organist

There are no known records concerning Lugge's early musical education, although it is possible that he was a chorister at Exeter Cathedral. Lugge became the organist at Exeter Cathedral in 1603. In 1605, he became lay vicar choral. He continued in both of these positions until 1647. From June 1608, his salary was divided with Edward Gibbons, who presumably shared some of his duties.

### As composer

Lugge composed three organ voluntaries, which musicologist John Steele has described as "the best examples of this peculiarly English genre written before the Civil War". Some of the compositions attributed to his son Robert may actually have been composed by him.

## Religion

In 1617, Lugge was examined by a bishop, accused of having Roman Catholic sympathies, an accusation prompted by a letter sent by his brother Peter. He was not convicted of any crime, with the bishop asserting: "Though I fear, and by conference do suspect that he hath eaten a little bit, or mumbled a piece of this forbidden fruit, yet I verily believe he hath spit it all out again". His house was searched in 1624, but nothing was found to support the claim.
# Louis Alexis Desmichels

Louis Alexis Desmichels, born in Digne March 15, 1779, died in Paris in 1845, was a French soldier in the French Revolution who became a general under the July Monarchy. He was known for his role in the conquest of Algeria and relations with Emir Abdelkader.

## Biography

Desmichels was the commander of the French forces in Oran from 1833 to 1835.
In 1833, Desmichels retook the city of Arzew as part of the French conquest of Algeria. He was party to the Desmichels Treaty in 1834 with Abdelkader, in which the French made major concessions to Abdelkader, but without the knowledge or consent of the French government. However, when the French government learned of the treaty, Desmichels denied its existence.
# Aleksander Jagiełło

Aleksander Jagiełło (born 2 February 1995) is a Polish former professional footballer who played as a winger.

## Career

Jagiełło is a youth exponent from Legia Warsaw. He made his debut in the Polish Ekstraklasa at 22 July 2013 in a 2–2 away draw against Lechia Gdańsk. He played the full 90 minutes. His loan was cut-short in January 2014.
On 30 January 2014, he was loaned to Lechia Gdańsk until the end of the season.
On 18 July 2015, he joined Dolcan Ząbki on loan. The loan finished on 29 February 2016.
On 10 June 2017, he signed a contract with Ekstraklasa side Piast Gliwice. He was loaned out to Chojniczanka Chojnice on 15 January 2020 for the rest of the season.

## Honours

Legia Warsaw
* Polish Cup: 2012–13
Piast Gliwice
* Ekstraklasa: 2018–19
# Progressive Party of Manitoba (1981–1995)

The Progressive Party of Manitoba was a political party in Manitoba, Canada which existed from 1981 to 1995. The party was created in March 1981 by five former members of the province's New Democratic Party: Sidney Green, Ben Hanuschak, Bud Boyce, Murdoch Mackay and Max Hofford. Green was acknowledged as the party's leader.
Despite its name, this party had no connection with the original Progressive Party of Manitoba, which was created in 1922 and governed the province from its founding until 1958 (after 1932 in an alliance with the Manitoba Liberal Party).
Green, Hanuschak and Boyce were members of the provincial legislature in 1981, having been elected as NDP candidates. All three had served as cabinet ministers in the government of Edward Schreyer (1969–1977).
The party was regarded as socialist, and promoted traditionally leftist policies such as full employment and increased profits taxation on resource industries. However, it was also influenced by ideas usually associated with the radical right.
Green had left the NDP in 1979. Green opposed what he described as "special privileges" for unions and minority groups, and was particularly opposed to the NDP's plans for anti-scab legislation. These views were reflected in Progressive Party policy.
The Progressives were the third-largest party in the provincial legislature (the Liberals having been reduced to one seat in 1977), and sought to run a full slate of candidates in 1981. They were unable to do this, however, and were unable to mount a successful challenge against the dominant NDP and Progressive Conservatives. All Progressive candidates were defeated, including the three incumbents; Green placed a poor third in Inkster, which he had represented since 1966.
The Progressive Party never recovered from this early loss. It ran twelve candidates in 1986 (including Green and Hanuschak), but all fared poorly. The party was reduced to six candidates in 1988, although it received some attention for featuring former premier Douglas Campbell (of the original Progressive Party) at one of its rallies. The Progressives ran five candidates in 1990, the minimum required for ballot status.
During its later years, the Progressive Party began veering further to the right. In 1990, its campaign literature emphasized balanced budgets, and rejected distinct status for minority groups.
Green, who remained the party's leader throughout all stages of its development, dissolved the Progressive Party on July 13, 1995 when his attempts to find a successor came to nothing.