OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Vereinigte Stahlwerke

The Vereinigte Stahlwerke AG (VSt or Vestag, United Steel Works) was a German industrial conglomerate producing coal, iron, and steel in the interbellum and during World War II.
Founded in 1926, economic pressures (decreasing prices and excess capacities) led to the union of several companies, including Thyssen AG, Phoenix AG für Bergbau und Hüttenbetrieb [de], Rheinische Stahlwerke, Rhein-Elbe-Union GmbH, Deutsch-Luxemburgische Bergwerks- und Hütten-AG, Bochumer Verein [de; no], and Gelsenkirchener Bergwerks-AG [da; de]. This group united of most German iron, steel and coal producers but did not include Hoesch AG, Krupp AG, Klöckner-Werke, Gutehoffnungshütte [de; fr; nl; sv], and Mannesmann.
The company was headquartered in Düsseldorf. During the 1930s, VSt was one of the biggest German companies and, at times, also the largest steel producer in Europe. With up to about 250,000 workers, it produced about 40% of the steel and 20% of the coal produced in Germany. Chief executive officer (chief of the Vorstand) was initially Albert Vögler, until 1935. He was succeeded (1935−1943) as CEO by Ernst Poensgen, descendant of the Rhenish industrial family Poensgen and cofounder of the "Vereinigte Stahlwerke AG" in 1926. Fritz Thyssen was chairman of the board (Aufsichtsrat).
In 1932, as a result of the effects of the Great Depression, part of the company was nationalized to prevent bankruptcy. The Weimar government bought stock valued at 25 million Reichsmark (RM) for 99 million RM. This transaction like the similar Gelsenberg affair led to a public outcry. According to Heinrich Brüning the company then went on to support the Nazi party with 500,000 RM for the 1932 elections. The Nazi government re-privatized the stocks four years later so that the Vst achieved a net win of 33 million RM. The Vst became a major contributor in supplying materiel and munitions to the war effort. However, as the Vst was unable to fulfill the demands of the Nazi government, another steelworks, the Reichswerke Hermann Göring, was founded in Salzgitter.
During World War II, most of the production facilities were destroyed by bombing, and after the war, the company was dismantled. From the residuals several companies were founded in the Federal Republic of Germany after 1951, including Hörder Bergwerks- und Hütten-Verein [de; no], August Thyssen-Hütte AG, Rheinstahl [de; sv], and Bochumer Verein [de; no].
# Solomon Mogilevsky

Solomon Grigorevich Mogilevsky (Russian: Соломо́н Григо́рьевич Могиле́вский; 1885 – March 22, 1925) headed the Soviet foreign intelligence service, the INO of the GPU, from 1921 until May 1922. He was then sent to head the GPU in the South Caucasus region, where he was involved in the suppression of the 1924 August Uprising in the Georgian SSR. He died in a plane crash near Tiflis (Tbilisi) in unclear circumstances.

## Biography

Mogilevsky was born to Jewish parents in Pavlograd. In 1903 he joined the RSDRP and was arrested in 1904. In 1906 he left Russia for Switzerland where he met Vladimir Lenin, who recommended him to be admitted into Bolshevik section of the party. At the outbreak of World War I he returned to Russia and was a soldier on the front. Mogilevsky participated in the 1917 October Revolution. During the Russian Civil War he was appointed to various positions in the GPU. Since May 1922 Mogilevsky headed the Caucausian GPU and was responsible for intelligence in Iran and Turkey. He participated in the quelling of the August Uprising in the Georgian SSR. Mogilevsky was decorated with the Order of the Red Banner in 1924 for his outstanding activities in the suppression of the uprising.

## Death

Mogilevsky died in a plane crash in 1925 headed to a conference in Sukhumi. The plane, which also carried two other high-ranking Soviet security officials (Georgi Atarbekov and Aleksandr Myasnikyan), blew up in mid-air not far from Tiflis. The cause of the crash was never determined, despite the fact that three separate commissions later investigated the incident.
There has always been a strong suspicion that the young Georgian airman Ambako Sagaradze, who was piloting the plane, crashed deliberately, killing himself and his passengers. Another version linked Joseph Stalin and Lavrentiy Beria with Mogilevsky's death. Some alleged Beria arranged the catastrophe on Stalin's behalf. Others suspected Beria had his own motives for doing so and wanted to get rid of Mogilevsky in order to secure a succession to his post.
# Farman F.270

The Farman F.270 was a prototype French bomber/torpedo-bomber designed and built by the Farman Aviation Works for the French Air Force.

## Development

The F.270 of 1933 was a development of the earlier F.60 and F.150 series it was a mixed wood and metal sesquiplane with a single vertical tail unit. Powered by two Gnome-Rhône 14Kbr radial engines mounted above the lower wing. It had a wide-track tailskid landing gear and three machine-gun positions, one in the balcony type nose, one amidships and one in a ventral position that fired though a trap door in the floor.
In 1934 an improved variant was produced, the Farman F.271, with engine power boosted to 800 hp (597 kW) additional nose glazing for the bomb/torpedo aimer, and larger navigators station, and the ventral trap door replaced with a retractable bathtub gondola. Neither type entered production but the F.271 was later tested on floats.

## Variants
### F.270

    Prototype with Gnome-Rhône 14Kbr radial engines.

### F.271

    Improved design with 800hp (597kW) Gnome-Rhône 14K radial engines, also tested as a float-plane.

## Specifications (F.271)

Data from
General characteristics
* Length: 18.50 m (60 ft 8 in)
* Wingspan: 26.00 m (85 ft 4 in)
* Height: 6.00 m (19 ft 8 in)
* Wing area: 152 m$^2$ (1,640 sq ft)
* Empty weight: 5,830 kg (12,853 lb)
* Max takeoff weight: 11,160 kg (24,604 lb)
* Powerplant: 2 × Gnome-Rhône 14K 14-cylinder radial piston engine, 600 kW (800 hp) each
* Propellers: 4-bladed
Performance
* Maximum speed: 250 km/h (160 mph, 130 kn)
* Service ceiling: 7,500 m (24,600 ft)
Armament
* Guns: 6 × 7.7mm (0.303in) machine-gun (two each in nose, dorsal and ventral positions)
* Bombs: up to 1000kg (2205lb) or one torpedo
# Alexander Tarasov (figure skater)

Alexander Vasilyevich Tarasov (Russian: Алекса́ндр Васи́льевич Тара́сов, born 21 July 1961) is a Russian former pair skater who represented the Soviet Union. With Yulia Bystrova, he is the 1984 Prague Skate champion, 1985 Winter Universiade silver medalist, and 1987 Grand Prix International de Paris silver medalist.

## Personal life

Alexander Tarasov was born on 21 July 1961 in Sverdlovsk (Yekaterinburg), Russian SFSR, Soviet Union, and is married to Yulia Bystrova. Their son, Filipp Tarasov, was born in January 1992 and competed in pairs for Azerbaijan.

## Career

In his early years, Tarasov was coached by Svetlana Bukreyeva at DSO Trud in Sverdlovsk.
In 1982–83, he began competing in partnership with Yulia Bystrova. The pair was coached by Julia Rennik and Ardo Rennik and represented DSO Burevestnik Sverdlovsk. They won the gold medal at the 1984 Prague Skate, silver at the 1985 Winter Universiade, bronze at the 1985 St. Ivel International, and silver at the 1987 Grand Prix International de Paris. They competed until the end of the 1987–88 season.
After retiring from competition, Tarasov became a coach at DYUSSH Lokomotiv in Yekaterinburg.

## Competitive highlights

With Bystrova
International :
| Event | 83–84 | 84–85 | 85–86 | 86–87 | 87–88 |
| International de Paris | | | | | 2nd |
| Prague Skate | | 1st | | | |
| Prize of Moscow News | | | 6th | 6th | |
| St. Ivel International | | | 3rd | | |
| Winter Universiade | | 2nd | | | |
| National ||||||
| Soviet Championships | 6th | 5th | | 6th | 7th |
# Stary Rzechów

Stary Rzechów is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Rzeczniów, within Lipsko County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.
# Yono

Yono may refer to:
* YONO, an integrated digital banking platform in India
* Yono, Saitama, a former city, now part of Saitama, Japan
** Yono Station, a railway station
* Yono the Destroyer, a character in the television series Kim Possible
* Yono-class submarine
# Fei Liwei

Fei Liwei (born 12 March 2003) is a Chinese competitive swimmer. He represented China at the 2024 Summer Olympics.
# Franco Cerri

Franco Cerri (29 January 1926 – 18 October 2021) was an Italian guitarist and double bassist.

## Biography

Cerri was born in Milan and learned to play guitar when he was 17. In 1945 he became a member of the group led by Gorni Kramer and joined the orchestra of the television show Buone vacanze. He played double bass in addition to guitar starting in the 1950s, such as with Chet Baker and Buddy Collette. He has also played with Dizzy Gillespie, Johnny Griffin, Stéphane Grappelli, Lars Gullin, Billie Holiday, Lee Konitz, Gerry Mulligan, Lou Bennett, Bud Shank, Tony Scott, Django Reinhardt, Phil Woods, and the Modern Jazz Quartet. He cited as influences Django Reinhardt, Barney Kessell, and René Thomas.
Cerri has led quartets and quintets with Tullio De Piscopo, Pino Presti, Gianluigi Trovesi, Flavio Ambrosetti, and Jean-Luc Ponty.
In 1980 he formed a duo with pianist Enrico Intra, with whom he founded the "Civica Scuola di Jazz" in Milan.
On 1 January 2006, he was knighted by President Carlo Azeglio Ciampi.
Cerri died on 18 October 2021, at the age of 95.

## Discography
### As leader

* Franco Cerri and His European Jazz Stars (Columbia, 1960)
* International Jazz Meeting (Columbia, 1961)
* Bossa Nova (Columbia, 1963)
* Franco Cerri (Columbia, 1964)
* La Sera a Casa Con Te (CGD, 1965)
* 12 Bacchette Per 1 Chitarra (GTA, 1966)
* 6 (Dire, 1971)
* Metti Una Sera Cerri (1973)
* A Limmen (Malobbia, 1975)
* From Cathetus to Cicero (Malobbia, 1975)
* Querce Platani e Cerri (PDU, 1975)
* Franco Tony and Pompeo (Malobbia, 1976)
* Nuages (Ricordi, 1976)
* Uno Suo Modo Di Dire (Dire, 1977)
* Franco Cerri Jazz (Dire, 1977)
* Noi Duero (Malobbia, 1978)
* Demoiselle (Dire, 1979)
* Omaggio a Bill Evans (Dire, 1981)
* Effetto Alfa (Paragon, 1983)
* Today! (Dire, 1984)
* From:Milan to:Frankfurt/Main Re: Jazz Twins (Dire, 1985)
* Pregiata Ditta Dal 1980 (Ariston, 1990)
* Cerri & Cerri (Dire, 1994)
* En Souvenir De Milan (CDpM LION, 1995)
* In Punta Di Cerri (MAP, 2000)
* Jazz Italiano Live 2007 (Casa Del Jazz, 2007)
* Cerrimedioatutto (MAP, 2011)
* Passavo Di Qui (Musica Jazz, 2012)
* Barber Shop (Abeat, 2014)
* Antonio Onorato & Franco Cerri (Abeat, 2016)
* Take the A Train with Gianni Basso (VideoRadio, 2008)
* E Venia Da' Campi Che Di Cerri Sentia (Red, 2008)

### As sideman

With Chet Baker
* In Milan (Jazzland, 1960)
* Chet Baker with Fifty Italian Strings (Jazzland, 1960)
* Stella by Starlight (West Wind, 1989)
With Bruno Lauzi
* Palla Al Centro (Numero Uno 1983)
* Back to Jazz (Dire, 1989)
* Lauzi Cantava Il Jazz (Musica Jazz, 2016)
With others
* Nicola Arigliano, Go Man! (NuN, 2001)
* Basso-Valdambrini, New Sound from Italy (Jolly Hi-Fi, 1960)
* Matteo Brancaleoni, Just Smile (Philology, 2007)
* Buddy Collette, Polyhedric Buddy Collette (Dejavu, 2008)
* Milt Jackson, Sings with the Enrico Intra Group (seriE.WOC, 2013)
* Renato Rascel, Ninna Nanna Del Cavallino/E Arrivata La Bufera (Odeon, 1958)
* Caterina Valente, A Briglia Sciolta (Ariston, 1990)
* Claude Williamson, Modern Jazz in Nude (Columbia, 1968)
# Gilbert Ker

Gilbert Ker was a Scottish soldier in the Wars of the Three Kingdoms.
He was involved with the Western Association (Scotland). As a colonel, he led the Scottish army defeated at the Battle of Hieton in 1650, where he was wounded and captured.
# Ghoshayatra Parva

The Ghosayatra Parva (Sanskrit: घोषयात्रा पर्व, romanized: Ghoṣayātrā Parva, lit. 'Expedition to the cowherd assembly section') is a section and an episode of the Hindu epic Mahabharata. Consisting of 519 shlokas, it is named after the episode in which the Kauravas undertake an expedition to see the cowherds of Dvaitavana, a forest where the Pandavas reside. This is done under the pretext of cattle inspection, but with the ulterior motive of humiliating their cousins. During the course of this episode, the Kauravas are captured by the gandharvas, and are released from their captivity by the Pandavas. Duryodhana finds the outcome of the entire affair embarrassing, and resolves to fast to death until he is dissuaded from this course of action. Instead, he opts to return to Hastinapura to perform a sacrifice.

## Synopsis

After Pandavas lost in dice game and went on for exile, Duryodhana planned to humiliate Pandavas by showing them the luxuries enjoyed by all Kauravas and Karna. So all of them had set to forest where Pandavas were living. In the course of Journey, Duryodhana insulted Gandharva Chitrasena. Then Gandharvas attacked entire Kauravas and Karna. Kauravas and Karna got defeated. Karna with remaining Kaurava run away from battle-field after getting defeated by Chitrasena but Duryodhana, his wives and his children couldn't since Gandharvas captured them. On knowing this, Yudhishtira asked Arjuna to free them since its Hastinapur which would be insulted. Arjuna followed his eldest brother's order and first requested Chitrasena to release Duryodhana and his family. Chitrasena rejected and asked Arjuna to fight with him in order to free Duryodhana and his family. Thus a battle took place. Arjuna defeated many warriors. Chitrasena became invisible and started fighting with Arjuna. Arjuna used Shabdavedi astra and captured Chitrasena. During the fight with Chitrasena, Arjuna had performed extremely impossible feats as he killed 10 lakh Gandharvas (4.5 akshouni) in single shot by using Agneyastra. Apart from Arjuna, no warrior ever achieved this impossible feats even in dreams. Finally Arjuna made Duryodhana and his family free. Chitrasena got impressed with Arjuna's skills and granted him Sammohanastra.
# Help in the Winter

Help in the Winter (Slovene:Zimska pomoč) was a Slovene almanac published in 1944 by 110 anticommunist authors in protest against the Slovene Liberation Front's policy of cultural silence. Whereas the authors were gathered under the guise of charitable activity, later, their work was claimed to be a direct and effective opposition to the cultural silence. The authors who published the almanac did not join the Partisan movement.
# Olga Chyumina

Olga Nikolayevna Chyumina (Russian: Ольга Николаевна Чюмина, 7 January 1865, Novgorod, Russian Empire, - 8 September 1909, Saint Petersburg, Russian Empire) was a poet, novelist, playwright and translator from the Russian Empire.
Having debuted as a published author in 1882, she contributed regularly to Vestnik Evropy, Russkaya Mysl, Severny Vestnik, Russkoye Bogatstvo. Her popular books of poetry included Poems (1897), New Poems (1905) and Autumn Whirlwinds (Осенние вихри, 1908). During the 1905 Revolution, she wrote the satirical, anti-Tsarist 'feuilletons in verse' (using the pen names Cat the Fighter and Optimist) which were collected in the books In Waiting (В ожидании, 1905) and The Days of Freedom (На темы дней свободы, 1906).
Chyumina authored two novels in the genre of psychological drama, For Life and for Death (На жизнь и на смерть, 1895) and For the Sins of Fathers (За грехи отцов, 1896), as well as about twenty plays. Some of them, like Redemption (Искупление), In Dragnets (В сетях), The Dream (Мечта) and Extinguished Spark (Угасшая искра) have been produced by the Alexandrinka. Her collection Dramas and Translations came out in Moscow in 1904.
Among the poets and dramatists whose work she translated into Russian, were Jose-Maria de Heredia, Sully Prudhomme, Leconte de Lisle, Robert Hamerling, Alfred Tennyson and Elizabeth Barrett Browning, as well as William Shakespeare and Friedrich Schiller.
# The Circus Princess (TV series)

The Circus Princess (Russian: Принцесса цирка, romanized: Printsessa tsirka) is a 2008 Russian telenovela. Adaptation of the Venezuelan soap opera La muchacha del circo (1988) based on Delia Fiallo's novel.

## Plot

1989, Samarsk. A local cardiac surgeon Pavel Fedotov dies from a first marriage, Marina, during childbirth. Pavel's the current wife Victoria decided to get rid of Marina’s newborn daughter, who, in the event of Paul’s death, would become his full heir. Victoria asks her chauffeur Gennady to give the child to circus artist Raisa. Raisa takes the child and leaves with a circus.
Our days. A circus troupe comes to the provincial town on tour. Two twin brothers, Yaroslav and Svyatoslav, take care of the young beautiful gymnast Asya. Yaroslav falls in love with her at first sight, and the girl reciprocates. No wonder, the intelligent and romantic Yarik is the man of her dreams! But suddenly he is forced to go on business to England.
Eighteen years ago, Asya was born in this town. She is the granddaughter of their stepfather, the famous cardiologist Pavel Fedotov. Mother Asi died in childbirth, and Fedotov believed that the same fate befell the child. In fact, through the efforts of his second wife, Viktoria, the newborn girl was given to circus artist Raisa, who raised her.

## Cast

* Valeria Lanskaya [ru] as Asya Sokolovskaya
* Prokhor Dubravin as Yaroslav and Svyatoslav Romanov
* Maksim Radugin as Ivan Ryabinov, Asya's fiancé
* Anna Kamenkova as Viktoria
* Katerina Shpitsa as Masha
* Alina Sandratskaya as Dina
* Tatyana Lyutaeva as Sofya
* Vladimir Andreyev as Pavel Fedotov
* Aleksei Zharkov as Alexey Romanov
* Elena Golyanova as Raisa
* Ivan Shabaltas as Malkovtsev, lawyer
# Valērijs Ivanovs

Valērijs Ivanovs (Russian: Валерий Иванович Иванов; born 23 February 1970 in Riga) is a former football midfielder from Latvia. He played 69 international matches and scored 1 goal for the Latvia national team between 1992 and 2001. His clubs include FC Skonto (1995–1997), Helsingborgs IF, Uralan Elista, Shinnik Yaroslavl and Volgar GazProm Astrakhan.

## Honours
### RAF Jelgava

* Latvian Higher League runner-up: 1992, 1993
* Latvian Football Cup winner: 1993

### Skonto

* Latvian Higher League champion: 1995, 1996, 1997
* Latvian Football Cup winner: 1995, 1997
* Latvian Football Cup runner-up: 1996

### Helsingborgs

* Svenska Cupen runner-up: 1993–94

### Latvia

* Baltic Cup winner: 1993, 1995
# Intermediate 1

Intermediate 1 (Scottish Gaelic: Meadhan Ìre 1) is an educational qualification in Scotland on the Scottish Qualifications Authority (SQA) Scottish Qualifications Certificate (SQC) achievement ladder similar to General Level at Standard Grades; it is the next step after Access 3. It is delivered by the majority of Scottish secondary schools as part of the Higher Still reforms instituted in 2000 by the SQA and the Scottish Executive.
Intermediate 1 is Level 4 on the Scottish Credit and Qualifications Framework.
Though equivalent to the General Level Standard Grade it is considered slightly more difficult, with mandatory passes needed in the National Assessment Bank internal assessments.
It has been available to pupils (generally in S5) who achieved a grade 5,6 or sometimes a 7 at Standard grade, but with more schools choosing to use Intermediates over Standard Grade, is now more commonly available to S3/S4 pupils. It is believed that Intermediates are more useful to the students than Standard grades- the work was more demanding, and prepared the pupils for Higher better, with a similar format to the reformed higher exams.
As with other exams in the Higher Still curriculum, the grades pupils can receive in the final exam are A (usually about 70%+), B (usually about 60%+), a C (usually about 50%+), a D (usually 45–49%) or an F also known as a No Award (usually under 45%).
The next education level is Intermediate 2.
* This article relating to education in Scotland is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# Sergei Zangareev

Sergei Faritovich Zangareev (Russian: Серге́й Фаритович Зангареев; born 3 October 1980) is a former football midfielder from Russia.
Zangareev previously played for Lisma-Mordoviya Saransk in the Russian Football National League and FC Lada Togliatti in the Russian Second Division.

## Playing career

| 2003 | FK Ventspils | Virsliga 1st level | * |
| 2004 | Zhemchuzhina Sochi | | |
| 2005 | Lisma-Mordoviya Saransk | | |
| 2006 | FK Ventspils | Virsliga 1st level | 21/2 |
| 2007 | FK Ventspils | Virsliga 1st level | 02/0 |
* - played games and goals

## Awards

* Champion of Latvia - 2006
# Pachynomidae

Pachynomidae is a family of true bugs within the suborder Cimicomorpha. 23 species in 5 genera are known.

## Morphology

Pachynomidae range in size from 3.5 to 11 millimetres and often bear a certain resemblance to sickle bugs (Nabidae) from the subfamily Prostemmatinae. The upper surface of their bodies varies from very shiny (genus Pachynomus ) to matte and hairless to heavily hairy. The compound eyes are large, and the head has no constriction behind the compound eyes. Ocelli can be present or absent. The antennae appear to have five segments, with the second segment (pedicellus) divided into two parts. The distal part of the pedicellus usually bears a single trichobothrium. The labium is thick and strongly curved. The thighs (femora ) of the forelegs are greatly enlarged, and the shins (tibiae) of the forelegs bear fossulae spongiosae (specialised hairy structures used for holding on). The eighth abdominal segment of the males is reduced and retracted into the seventh segment. Male genitalia are symmetrical, the pygophore is well developed and apically articulated into the abdomen. The ovipositor of the females is plate-shaped. A spermatheca is missing, but a pseudospermatheca is present.

## Biology

The biology of Pachynomidae is poorly known. Museums contain only few samples of Pachynomidae, as they are often confused with Nabidae or Reduviidae. It is possible that Pachynomidae are noctural ground-dwelling predators, as they are often collected from leaf litter or light traps. Immature forms are not known for most genera, with the exception of Aphelonotus.
Few species seem to show sexual dimorphism; it has been described in the genera Aphelonotus and Camarochilus. Some species show wing dimorphism; it is known in Aphelonotus simplus males and Camarochilus americanus females, while the species Camarochiloides weiweii presents both brachypterous and macropterous morphs across sexes.

## Taxonomy

The current genus Pachynomus was considered a subgenus of the genus Reduvius by its first describer Klug in 1830. Carl Stål placed it and the genus Punctius in Nabidae, where they remained, confirmed by many subsequent authors (with the exception of Reuter 1908), until Carayon elevated the group to family rank in 1950. He considered the family to be most closely related to the assassin bugs (Reduviidae) due to the characteristics of the reproductive organs. Analysis of the mitochondrial genome recovered them as the sister group of Reduviidae.
The family includes the following subfamilies and genera:
Subfamily Aphelonotinae
    Genus Aphelonotus (tropical America, Central Africa)
Subfamily Pachynominae
    Genus Camarochilus (tropics of the New World)
    Genus Camarochiloides (Old World)
    Genus Pachynomus (Africa to India)
    Genus Punctius (Africa to India)