OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# USS Chestatee

USS Chestatee (AOG-49) was a Patapsco-class gasoline tanker in service with the United States Navy from 1944 to 1946 and with the Military Sea Transportation Service from 1952 and 1956. From 1957 to 1962, she was lent to the United States Air Force. She was sold for scrap in 1975.

## History

Chestatee was launched 29 April 1944 by Cargill Inc., Savage, Minnesota; sponsored by Mrs. J. D. Boren; and commissioned 14 December 1944.

### World War II

Laden with oil products, Chestatee cleared Baytown, Texas, 14 January 1945 for San Pedro Bay, Leyte, where she arrived 1 March for duty transporting high-octane gasoline among the Philippine Islands.
On 27 July, while underway for Brunei Bay, Borneo, Chestatee struck a mine in the straits south of Balabac Island; five of her men were killed, eight injured, including the commanding officer LT. William N. Ohly, and the ship was damaged by the explosion and resulting fire. Among those killed was 30 year old Henry Bowden West of Greenville, NC. Carpenter First Class West left his wife, Lyda Catherine Craig West of Pickens County, SC, and their eleven month old son, Charles Henry West, in Charleston, SC.
Repaired at Puerto Princesa, Palawan, and Samar, Chestatee returned to her Philippine operations until 20 November 1945, when she sailed from Leyte for San Francisco, California, which she reached 13 January. There she was decommissioned 8 April 1946, and, on 30 June 1946, transferred to the Maritime Commission.

### Military Sea Transportation Service (1952-1956)

Chestatee was returned to the Navy and placed in reserve, out of commission, in August 1948. Reactivated, she was assigned to Military Sea Transportation Service (MSTS) in March 1952 as USS Chestatee (T-AOG-49) and operated by a civilian crew until May 1954 when she was again placed in reserve. A second tour of service with MSTS began in April 1956 and continued until 8 November 1956 when Chestatee transferred to the Suisun Bay branch of the National Defense Reserve Fleet.

### United States Air Force (1957-1962)

Withdrawn from the Suisun Bay Reserve Fleet on 2 April 1957, she was lent to the United States Air Force, in September 1957. Chestatee was transferred by the Air Force to the Olympia, Washington (USA), branch of the National Defense Reserve Fleet on 14 September 1962 and was stricken from the Naval Vessel Register on 1 June 1963. On 2 June 1971, Chestatee was transferred to the Suisun Bay branch of the National Defense Reserve Fleet due to the closure of the Olympia fleet site.
Chestatee was sold on 16 October 1975 as part of a lot of 7 vessels to the Levin Metals Corporation of San Jose, Ca. She was removed from the Suisun Bay fleet on 16 February 1977 and was scrapped shortly afterwards.

## Military awards and honors

Her crew was eligible for the following medals:
* American Campaign Medal
* Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal
* World War II Victory Medal
* Philippine Liberation Medal
Individual Awards:
* Purple Heart (27 July 1945 - 5 KIA, 8 WIA)
# Alexander Manson (physician)

Alexander Manson FRSE (1774 – 19 March 1840) was a Scottish physician based in Nottingham who pioneered the use of iodine in medicine.

## Life

Manson was born in Kirkcudbright in 1774, the son of Ann McGowan, and her husband William Manson. He was christened in Kells on 8 February 1775. He studied medicine at the University of Edinburgh graduating with an MD in 1811.
He served in the Royal Navy from 1798 to 1810 on HMS Phoenix, HMS Superb, HMS Sophie, HMS Amethyst and HMS Penelope, and at the Invasion of Martinique (1809).
He was a physician at Nottingham General Hospital from 1813 to 1832, and at St Mary's Workhouse Dispensary on Mansfield Road. He pioneered the use of iodine as a cure for certain medical conditions. His note books carry records of his cases.
In 1825 he published a reference book about his medical researches into the “effects of Iodine in Bronchocele, Paralysis, Chorea, Scrofula, Fistula, Lachrymalis, Deafness, Dysphagia, White-swelling, and Distortions of the Spine.”
He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh on 7 April 1828 his proposer being Dr Robert Jameson.
During the Reform Riots, Manson, who was thought to be a supporter of the anti-reformists, was stoned by an angry crowd of demonstrators on 21 September 1831 in his carriage on Pelham Street in Nottingham. Later the same evening his home in Stoney Street, Nottingham was attacked.
He resigned his appointments in 1832 and went to live in Darley Dale, Derbyshire, where he died in 1840, aged 66. He is interred in the churchyard of St Helen's Church, Darley Dale.
A monument was erected in his memory in St Mary's Church, Nottingham.

## Family

He married Ann Nevill Grist, daughter of Thomas Grist on 8 February 1814 in St Mary's Church, Nottingham.

## Publications

* Dissertatio Medica Inauguralis de Synocha, sive Febre Flava. Alexander Manson, Edinburgh. Adam Neill. 1811.
* Medical researches on the effects of iodine, in bronchocele, paralysis, chorea, scrophula, fistula lachrymalis, deafness, dysphagia, white swelling, and distortions of the spine. Alexander Manson. Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, Brown, and Green, 1825
# Anbar Tappeh, Golestan

Anbar Tappeh (Persian: انبارتپه, also Romanized as Anbār Tappeh) is a village in Aq Altin Rural District, in the Central District of Aqqala County, Golestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 733, in 160 families.
# Asyan

Asyan (Persian: اسيان, also Romanized as Āsyān, Āsīān, and Asīyan) is a village in Abgarm Rural District, Abgarm District, Avaj County, Qazvin Province, Iran. In the 2006 census, its population was 290.
# Topolovo

Topolovo (pronounced or) is a dispersed settlement in the Municipality of Kozje in eastern Slovenia. It lies in the Sava Hills (Slovene: Posavsko hribovje), west of Lesično. The area is part of the historical Styria region and is included in the Savinja Statistical Region.
# Mendeleyevo, Perm Krai

Mendeleyevo (Russian: Менделеево) is a rural locality (a settlement) and the administrative center of Mendeleyevskoye Rural Settlement, Karagaysky District, Perm Krai, Russia. The population was 3,169 as of 2010. There are 57 streets.

## Geography

Mendeleyevo is located 12 km south of Karagay (the district's administrative centre) by road. Savino is the nearest rural locality.
# New St. Nicholas Church, Focșani

The New St. Nicholas Church (Romanian: Biserica Sfântul Nicolae Nou) is a Romanian Orthodox church located at 7 Popa Șapcă Street in Focșani, Romania. It is dedicated to Saint Nicholas.
The church is situated at the border between two former estates, and was founded by vassals of the Princes of Wallachia. It was mentioned as a monastery in 1694, originally a wooden church from the 1680s. That structure burned in 1732, and was rebuilt the same year. Paharnic Constantin Năsturel paid for the new structure, made of thick brick with a porch.
The interior was painted after 1746, with the ktetors appearing on the south wall. Various donors financed later expansions, including a lot for the parish house and a large bell. As of 1819, the parish was considered among the best maintained and endowed in the Buzău Diocese.
The church features a trefoil shape, with polygonal apses and a westerly porch. The bell tower is adjacent to the north wall of the narthex, on its exterior. The upper part of the tower is hexagonal, with its own roof. The porch, initially open, has stone columns supporting semicircular arches. Further columns and arches separate the narthex and nave. The facade is in two registers of brick, divided by a projecting row. The window frames are carved with plant motifs.
The church is listed as a historic monument by Romania's Ministry of Culture and Religious Affairs.
# Nurabad, Khoshab

Nurabad (Persian: نوراباد, also Romanized as Nūrābād) is a village in Soltanabad Rural District, in the Central District of Khoshab County, Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 116, in 42 families.
# Alemdar, Kızıltepe

Alemdar (Kurdish: Ewêna Mala Axê) is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Kızıltepe, Mardin Province in Turkey. The village is populated by Kurds of the Kîkan tribe and had a population of 140 in 2021.
# Oltenian Sahara

The Oltenian Sahara (Romanian: Sahara Olteniei) is a name given to an area in the Romanian region of Oltenia covering the territory between the city of Calafat and the town of Dăbuleni, spanning an area of about 80,000 hectares (200,000 acres), or 6% of Dolj County. In 2023, the desertified area has spread north to be within 20km of Craiova.
The sandy areas in the region have extended because of deforestation events that occurred in the 1960s, during the Communist period. Under the leadership of Nicolae Ceaușescu, 26% of Romania's water was drained for farmland, including all five of Oltenia's natural water bodies. One such body of water was the 47 km (29 mi)-long Potelu Lake (near Potelu village), now completely dry. Another village on the lake's shore was Grojdibodu; locals recall how people survived by fishing, and the air was humid and clean, before the communist authorities built dams and a pumping station to dry out the lake. According to Dan Popescu, the head of the local "Rebirth of the Forest" association, 13,000 hectares (32,000 acres) of forest were cut down and replaced with acacia trees to stop the wind and the sand. The "Băltărețu" wind (which was warm and humid and brought rain) disappeared; in summer, air temperatures would rise over 30 °C (86 °F) and sand temperatures to over 70 °C (158 °F).
Conditions deteriorated further after the Romanian Revolution of 1989. The land was returned to private hands, but the landowners cleared out 30,000 hectares (74,000 acres) of forest, including the acacia canopies, and grew whatever they wanted, overwhelming the irrigation system. In the early 2000s, some farmers sought to irrigate the fields by themselves, but without state support, those attempts failed, and the system was eventually torn down by scrap iron thieves.
Due to the sudden desertification in the area, the name "Oltenian Sahara" quickly caught on among the locals. Dăbuleni has likewise gained the nickname the "capital" of the Oltenian Sahara, and it is the only place in Europe where a sand museum exists. Despite some modest attempts to prevent further desertification in the area, the process is still ongoing at a rate of 1,000 hectares (2,500 acres) per year. It is unlikely to stop unless more drastic measures are taken.
# Srednji Dolič

Srednji Dolič (pronounced or) is a settlement in the Municipality of Mislinja in northern Slovenia. It lies at the upper course of the Paka River, in the hills either side of the regional road from Mislinja to Vitanje. The area is part of the traditional region of Carinthia. It is now included in the Carinthia Statistical Region.

## Mass grave

Srednji Dolič is the site of a mass grave associated with the Second World War. The Kot Mass Grave (Slovene: Grobišče Kot) is located on the steep edge of a wooded slope 200 meters (660 ft) east of the Jeseničnik farm. It contains the remains of an unknown number of Ustaša soldiers.
# Cleaver Bank

The Cleaver Bank (Dutch: Klaverbank) is a sandbank in the North Sea about 160 kilometres (99 miles) off the west coast of the Netherlands and south of the Dogger Bank. The size of the bank is about 1235 km$^2$. The bank is 30-40 metres below sea level.
The Cleaver Bank is an open-sea reef in the terms of the European Habitats directive and has been registered with the European Union as a Natura 2000 site. The bank originated as a terminal moraine of a glacier during one of the Ice Ages.
The surface of the bank partly consists of gravel and larger cobbles. Due to the relatively great depth of the Cleaver Bank, the soil is only seldom, in very heavy weather, moved by wave action. Because the gravel is relatively poor in silt and the transparency is great, there is enough light to allow for the growth of calcareous red algae. The benthic fauna on the bank contains species that live on a hard substrate, such as sea anemones and polyps. Rare species living on Cleaver Bank are Thracia convexa and the Rayed artemis. The bank is used by herring for spawning. In addition, the soft coral type dead man's finger is found here.
A 60-metre-deep channel, called the Botney Cut, runs through the Cleaver Bank. Animals like harbour porpoises, minke whales, and white-beaked dolphin live there, mainly in the summer.

## Conservation

In 2001, the Dutch government considered the Cleaver Bank as a potential area for mining gravel. After making an Environmental impact assessment the plan was abandoned. The Cleaver bank is in 2015 considered for protection as a Marine protected area. The Greenpeace organisation considered the actions of the Dutch government in this direction too slow and sank some large boulders on the seabed in May 2015 to increase the nature value. Dutch fishers lifted the boulders on 16 June 2015, because they were afraid the boulders would damage their fishing gear.
# Sar Hammam

Sar Hammam (Persian: سرحمام, also Romanized as Sar Ḩammān; also known as Sar Ḩammām) is a village in Pazevar Rural District, Rudbast District, Babolsar County, Mazandaran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 1,453, in 385 families.
# USS Nevada (BM-8)

The first USS Nevada, a monitor, was ordered on 4 May 1898. She was awarded to the Bath Iron Works, Bath, Maine on 19 October 1898 and laid down as Connecticut, 17 April 1899. Connecticut was launched 24 November 1900; sponsored by Miss Grace Boutelle; renamed Nevada, January 1901; and commissioned on 5 March 1903, Commander Thomas B. Howard in command. The total cost for the hull, machinery, armor and armament was $1,851,313.22.
Nevada was renamed Tonopah in 1909 to free up the name for a new battleship.

## Design

The Arkansas-class monitors had been designed to combine a heavy striking power with easy concealment and negligible target area. They had a displacement of 3,225 long tons (3,277 t; 3,612 short tons), measured 255 feet 1 inch (77.75 m) in overall length, with a beam of 50 feet 1 inch (15.27 m) and a draft of 12 feet 6 inches (3.81 m). She was manned by a total crew of 13 officers and 209 men.
Nevada was powered by two vertical triple expansion engines driving two screw propellers with steam generated by four Niclausse boilers. The engines in Nevada were designed to produce 2,400 indicated horsepower (1,800 kW) with a top speed of 12.5 knots (23.2 km/h; 14.4 mph), however, on sea trials she was only able to produce 1,970 ihp (1,470 kW) but with a top speed of 13.04 kn (24.15 km/h; 15.01 mph). Nevada was designed to provide a range of 2,360 nautical miles (4,370 km; 2,720 mi) at 10 kn (19 km/h; 12 mph).
The ship was armed with a main battery of two 12-inch (305 mm)/40 caliber guns, either Mark 3 or Mark 4, in a Mark 4 turret. The secondary battery consisted of four 4-inch (102 mm)/50 caliber Mark 7 guns along with three 6-pounder 57 mm (2.2 in) guns. The main belt armor was 11 in (280 mm) in the middle tapering to 5 in (130 mm) at the ends. The gun turrets were between 10 and 9 in (250 and 230 mm), with 11 to 9 in (280 to 230 mm) barbettes. Nevada also had a 1.5 in (38 mm) deck.

## Service history

On 2 March 1909, the monitor was renamed Tonopah to allow Battleship Number 36 to be named Nevada. Assigned to the Atlantic Fleet's submarine force as a tender, Tonopah operated along the east coast from Massachusetts to Key West until January 1918. Then briefly assigned to Bermuda, she was ordered to Ponta Delgada, São Miguel Island, Azores in February. Between then and December she tended the submarines K-1, K-2, K-3, K-5, and E-1 and submarine chasers operating in the strategic area of the Azores.
In December, she was towed to Lisbon, and, upon her return to the United States, decommissioned at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, on 1 July 1920. She was one of several vessels sold on 26 January 1922, to Henry A. Hitner's Sons Company of Philadelphia.
# Pervomayskoye, Sevsky District, Bryansk Oblast

Pervomayskoye (Russian: Первомайское) is a rural locality (a selo) in Sevsky District, Bryansk Oblast, Russia. The population was 325 as of 2010. There are 5 streets.

## Geography

Pervomayskoye is located 15 km southwest of Sevsk (the district's administrative centre) by road. Polyana is the nearest rural locality.
# Moldavian Cycling Federation

The Moldavian Cycling Federation (Romanian: Federaţia de ciclism din Republica Moldova), abbreviated to FCM, is the national governing body of cycle racing in Moldova.
The FCRM is a member of the UCI and the UEC.
# Stalag VIII-D

Stalag VIII-D was a German World War II prisoner-of-war camp (Stammlager) located at the outskirts of Teschen, (now Český Těšín, Czech Republic). It was built in March 1941 on the grounds of a former Czech barracks. It was later known as Stalag VIII-B.

## Camp history

The camp was created in 1941 as the base camp for a number of work-camps (Arbeitskommando) for prisoners of war working in the mines and industries of Upper Silesia. By early 1942 they housed 7,000 prisoners from Belgium, France, Poland and Yugoslavia. In June 1943 it was placed under the administrative control of Stalag VIII-B Lamsdorf and was renamed Stalag IV-B/Z. In November 1943 there was another reorganization, Lamsdorf was renamed "Stalag 344", and a large number of prisoners were transferred to Teschen, which became Stalag VIII-B. Because of these organizational and number changes there is considerable confusion in accounts of prisoners, even in official German records.
At the end of 1943 within Stalag VIII-B Teschen there were about 50,000 Soviet prisoners, and another 10,000 from other countries, including Great Britain, the Commonwealth and Italy. In general, the conditions in the main Teschen camp and in all the sub-camps were deplorable.

## Arbeitkommandos

Among the sub-camps of Stalag VIII-D Teschen were:
* Kommando E535 - Milwitz Coal mine "Milwitzgrube" SOSNOWITZ - Milowice (Sosnowiec), mainly New Zealanders.
* Kommando E715 - IG Farben's Buna Werke, Monowitz, 1,400 British prisoners from the North Africa campaign.

## Evacuation and repatriation

From 21 January 1945, many of the prisoners, particularly British and Commonwealth, were marched through Nazi-occupied Czech lands to Stalag XIII-C in Bavaria or Stalag XIII-D Nürnberg. The march, in temperatures of -15 °C to -20 °C, caused great distress and many prisoners died. The Czech people in the villages and towns, through which they passed, passed food and clothing to them. Many prisoners managed to escape and were sheltered in private homes. The men were marched along country roads towards the Oder, first north towards Dresden, then when the Germans changed their mind, south towards Bavaria, eventually reaching Stalag XIII-D near Nuremberg.
# Ilısu, Dargeçit

Ilısu (Kurdish: Germav) is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Dargeçit, Mardin Province in Turkey. The village is populated by Kurds of the Erebiyan tribe and had a population of 792 in 2021.
# Zarrin Khani

Zarrin Khani (Persian: زرين خاني, also Romanized as Zarrīn Khānī and Zarrīn Khāneh) is a village in Chalanchulan Rural District, Silakhor District, Dorud County, Lorestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 50, in 15 families.
# Nazmutdinovo

Nazmutdinovo (Russian: Назмутдиново; Bashkir: Нәжметдин, Näjmetdin) is a rural locality (a village) in Stepanovsky Selsoviet, Aurgazinsky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 54 as of 2010. There is 1 street.

## Geography

Nazmutdinovo is located 16 km west of Tolbazy (the district's administrative centre) by road. Stepanovka is the nearest rural locality.
# Qutan, Iran

Qutan (Persian: قوطان, also Romanized as Qūţān) is a village in Zangebar Rural District, in the Central District of Poldasht County, West Azerbaijan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 269, in 59 families.

## Name

According to Vladimir Minorsky, the name "Qutan" is derived from either the Turkic word qotan, meaning "an enclosure for sheep", or from the Mongolian word qutan, referring to the pelican.$^{:77}$
# Karaşeyh, Adilcevaz

Karaşeyh (Kurdish: Qereşêx) is a village in the Adilcevaz District of Bitlis Province in Turkey. The village is populated by Kurds and had a population of 351 in 2022.
It formerly had an Armenian population.
# Ripe (Field Trip album)

Ripe is the third and final studio album by Pleasanton, California-based rock band Field Trip. It was released in April 1991 by Slash Records. In addition to the band's own lineup, Ripe also features keyboard playing by Faith No More's Roddy Bottum.

## Critical reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| Chicago Tribune | |
| Christgau's Consumer Guide | |
| Deseret News | |
The Chicago Tribune's David Rothschild gave Ripe 2 and a half stars out of 4, writing that the album "...combines elements of metal, country and new wave with a local bar band sound. [Lead singer and guitarist] Jim Galbraith's catchy, twanging guitar hooks and gawky vocals help define the band's playful personality, occasionally bringing to mind the Young Fresh Fellows." Brent Ainsworth of the Santa Cruz Sentinel wrote that the album "...brings back memories of the Knack, who shocked the charts with "My Sharona" in 1979. You remember how harmless and upbeat the Knack was, don't you? This is harmless and upbeat – in other words, initially fun but a little boring in the long run."

## Track listing

* Let's Stay In
* Nothing Better To Do
* Ugly
* Please
* Come Along
* Hard To Say
* You Spin Me Round (Like A Record)
* Sit On My Hands
* Another Lonely Day
* Wake Up Alone
* Second Cousin
* Ballad Of Field Trip

## Personnel
### Field Trip

* Jim Galbraith - lead guitar
* T.S. Galbraith - drums
* Greg Kinkle - bass
* Steve Laborde - rhythm guitar

### Guest musicians

* Roddy Bottum - keyboards
* Jim Fitting - harmonica

### Technical personnel

* Tony Dawsey - engineering
* Paul Q. Kolderie - engineering, mixing, production
* Carl Plaster - engineering
* Sean Slade - engineering, mixing, production