OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Nikolai Tikhonravov

Nikolai Savvich Tikhonravov (Russian: Никола́й Са́ввич Тихонра́вов; 15 October 1832 – 9 December 1893) was a Russian philologist and historian of Russian literature.
Born in the Meshchovsky Uyezd of Kaluga Governorate to a doctor's family, he received secondary education at the Moscow's Third Gymnasium and, while still an 18-year old Pedagogical Institute student, debuted as published author in Moskvityanin with an essay called "Gaius Valerius Catullus and his Works". Among the scholars impressed by it was Mikhail Pogodin who insisted upon his transfer to Moscow University where in 1857, after graduation, Tikhonravov started to read Russian literature.
Tikhonravov, an expert on the so-called 'otrechennaya' (banned by the church) literature, published Chronicles of Russian Ancient Literature (1859-1866, in five volumes) and Monuments of the Banned Literature (1863, in two volumes). Among other acclaimed collections which he was the publisher of, were The Collected Works by Nikolai Gogol (1890, seven volumes) and Works of Russian Drama, 1672—1725 (1874). The history of old Russian theatre has been revived and thoroughly documented by Tikhonravov's efforts exclusively. He authored numerous essays and articles of the works of Antioh Cantemir, Mikhail Lomonosov and Alexander Sumarokov, among others.
In 1882 Tikhonravov was honoured with the title Meritorious Professor of Moscow University, of which he was rector, in 1877–1883. In 1890 he was elected a member of the St Petersburg Academy of Sciences.
# Marina Aitova

Marina Aleksandrovna Aitova, née Korzhova (born 13 September 1982) is a Kazakhstani high jumper. Her personal best jump is 1.99 metres, achieved in July 2009 in Athens.

## Biography

Born in Karaganda, Kazakh SSR, Soviet Union, Aitova made her first appearances on the world stage in 2003, competing at the 2003 IAAF World Indoor Championships and the 2003 World Championships in Athletics, but she did not get beyond the qualifiers in either competition. Aitova represented her country at the 2004 Summer Olympics, but again she failed to progress beyond the qualifying round. She competed at the 2007 World Championships and finished seventh in the final. In 2008, she took fifth place in the IAAF World Indoor Championships in Athletics and attended the 2008 Beijing Olympics, finishing tenth overall. She made her second World Championships appearance at 2009 World Championships in Athletics, but did not make the final cut. She won the gold at the 2010 Asian Indoor Athletics Championships, equalling the championship record of 1.93 metres.

## Achievements

| Year | Competition | Venue | Position | Notes |
| 1999 | World Youth Championships | Bydgoszcz, Poland | 4th | 1.79 m |
| 1999 | Asian Junior Championships | Singapore | 4th | 1.79 m |
| 2000 | World Junior Championships | Santiago, Chile | 9th | 1.80 m |
| 2000 | Asian Championships | Djakarta, Indonesia | 2nd | 1.83 m |
| 2001 | Asian Junior Championships | Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei | 1st | 1.85 m |
| 2002 | Asian Championships | Colombo, Sri Lanka | 3rd | 1.84 m |
| 2002 | Asian Games | Busan, South Korea | =2nd | 1.88 m |
| 2003 | World Indoor Championships | Birmingham, United Kingdom | 17th (q) | 1.87 m |
| 2003 | World Championships | Paris, France | 23rd (q) | 1.80 m |
| 2003 | Afro-Asian Games | Hyderabad, India | 1st | 1.88 m |
| 2004 | Olympic Games | Athens, Greece | 31st (q) | 1.85 m |
| 2006 | Asian Indoor Championships | Pattaya, Thailand | 1st | 1.93 m |
| 2006 | World Cup | Athens, Greece | 3rd | 1.94 m |
| 2006 | Asian Games | Doha, Qatar | 1st | 1.93 m |
| 2007 | Universiade | Bangkok, Thailand | 1st | 1.92 m |
| 2007 | World Championships | Osaka, Japan | 7th | 1.94 m |
| 2008 | World Indoor Championships | Valencia, Spain | 5th | 1.95 m |
| 2008 | Olympic Games | Beijing, China | 7th | 1.93 m |
| 2009 | World Championships | Berlin, Germany | 13th (q) | 1.92 m |
| 2010 | Asian Indoor Championships | Tehran, Iran | 1st | 1.93 m |
| 2010 | World Indoor Championships | Doha, Qatar | 7th | 1.91 m |
| 2011 | Asian Championships | Kobe, Japan | 3rd | 1.89 m |
| 2011 | World Championships | Daegu, South Korea | 19th (q) | 1.89 m |
| 2012 | Olympic Games | London, United Kingdom | – | NM |
| 2013 | Asian Championships | Pune, India | 3rd | 1.88 m |
| 2013 | World Championships | Moscow, Russia | 25th (q) | 1.83 m |
| 2014 | Asian Games | Incheon, South Korea | 4th | 1.85 m |
# Ulaştı, Baykan

Ulaştı (Kurdish: Dodan) is a village in the Baykan District of Siirt Province in Turkey. The village had a population of 540 in 2021.
# Rhampholeon maspictus

Rhampholeon maspictus, the Mount Mabu pygmy chameleon, is a small native species of chameleon endemic to the tropical rainforests atop Mount Mabu in Zambezia, Mozambique. It is roughly 6 cm (2.4 in) long.

## Taxonomy

The specific epithet comes from the Latin "mas pictus," meaning "painted male," alluding to the unusual bright colours of most males, which are often retained for long periods, even when sleeping at night.

## Habitat and distribution

R. maspictus occupy a range of 61 to 75 km$^2$ (24 to 29 sq mi), 900 to 1,400 metres (3,000 to 4,600 ft) above sea level on Mount Mabu. The species is classified as "Near Threatened" for the small range of its distribution and its specialization to its Afromontane forest environment, unable to persist in altered habitats. Though its forest environment is intact, the edges of the forest are experiencing pressure from encroachment due to deforestation for agriculture and logging. If deforestation is to continue, R. maspictus may rapidly become "Critically Endangered," though anthropogenic threats are expected to be mitigated by local conservation efforts.
# Shamik Ghosh

Shamik Ghosh (Bengali: শমীক ঘোষ born 16 January 1983) is an Indian author writing in Bengali. He has won the prestigious Sahitya Akademi Yuva Puraskar (Indian National Academy of Letter's Youth Prize) in 2017 in Bengali for his debut short story collection "Elvis O Amolasundari" His shorty 'Half Timer Pawre' from the collection was selected by Hervill Secker, an imprint of Vintage, Penguin Random House, U.K for the Harvill Secker Young Translators’ Prize 2018. The story was published in Granta online He has been awarded the Ila Chanda Smriti Puraskar by the oldest literary Institution of India, Bangiya Sahitya Parishad. and Somen Chanda Smriti Smarok by West Bengal Bengali Academy in 2019.

## Early life

Shamik Ghosh was born in Kolkata, West Bengal India to University Professor father Alok Kumar Ghosh and mother Dipika Ghosh. His family moved from Jessore of present-day Bangladesh during the Partition of India. Shamik spent his early childhood in a mixed locality surrounded by slums and befriended slum children. He studied in one of the best schools of Kolkata, South Point High School and as such was exposed to people from varied sections of the society from an early age.
Shamik did his undergraduate studies in physics from Calcutta University. He was involved in politics in his university days. His debut short story Ghola was published in prestigious Bengali Literary Magazine Desh at this time.
After graduation, Shamik joined a Private Sector Bank in Kolkata. After a small stint he moved and joined another PSU Bank and was posted in Ahmedabad and then went to Mumbai in the Corporate Strategy and Communication Department of the same Bank. As a Corporate Communication professional he had access to the upper reaches of Mumbai and yet, the trains he traveled on, journeyed through some of the poorest urban areas of India. He decided to take up writing once again. His second short story, a decade after the first, got published in a Bengali daily. In 2014, Shamik left his job and returned to Kolkata to concentrate on writing and film-making.

## Literary style

The writing of Shamik Ghosh is characterized by short sentences, vividly visual description and continuous changes of time and space. Some argue that he delves into postmodern fiction. He doesn't believe in the normal interpretation of reality and wants to bend reality to reveal unseen elements of our own hidden self. He speaks about loners in the society, each unique with a distinct marginality.
# Eleionomae

The Eleionomae (Ancient Greek: Ἐλειονόμαι) or Heleionomai (Ancient Greek: Ἑλειονομοι) were the naiads of the fresh-water marshes and wetlands in ancient Greek mythology.
# Pailan College of Management and Technology

Pailan College of Management and Technology, commonly known as PCMT, is a private engineering college located in Pailan, South 24 Parganas, West Bengal.
# Fierenana, Moramanga

Fierenana is a town and commune (Malagasy: kaominina) in Madagascar. It belongs to the district of Moramanga, which is a part of Alaotra-Mangoro Region. The population of the commune was estimated to be approximately 9,000 in 2001 commune census.
Primary and junior level secondary education are available in town. The majority 98% of the population of the commune are farmers. The most important crop is rice, while other important products are coffee, beans and cassava. Services provide employment for 2% of the population.

## References and notes

* ↑ Estimated based on DEM data from Shuttle Radar Topography Mission
* 1 2 3 "ILO census data". Cornell University. 2002. Retrieved 2008-03-24.
18°29′S 48°24′E﻿ / ﻿18.483°S 48.400°E﻿ / -18.483; 48.400
* This Alaotra-Mangoro location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Shtandy

Shtandy (Russian: Штанды; Bashkir: Штәнде, Ştände) is a rural locality (a village) and the administrative centre of Shtandinsky Selsoviet, Baltachevsky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 568 as of 2010. There are 10 streets.

## Geography

Shtandy is located 19 km northeast of Starobaltachevo (the district's administrative centre) by road. Ardagysh is the nearest rural locality.
# Shanmata

Shanmata (Sanskrit: षण्मत, romanized: Ṣaṇmata) meaning "Six Sects" in Sanskrit, is a system of worship, believed in the Smarta tradition to have been founded by the Hindu philosopher Adi Shankara, whose lifetime was during circa 8th century CE. It centers around the worship of six primary deities of Hinduism: Shiva, Vishnu, Shakti, Ganesha, Surya, and Skanda. It is based on the belief in the essential oneness of all deities, the unity of Godhead, and their conceptualization of the myriad deities of India as various manifestations of the one divine power, Para Brahman.

## Philosophy

Adi Shankara's followers believe Brahman alone is ultimately real and the true self, atman, is not different from Brahman. It centers around the worship of the deities belonging to six āgama schools:
* Shaiva
* Shakta
* Saurya
* Vaishnava
* Kaumara
* Ganapatya
Philosophically, all are seen by Advaitins as equal reflections of the one Saguna Brahman, i.e. a personal divine with form, rather than as distinct beings.

## Relationship with Smartism

The Smarta tradition, a relatively modern Hindu tradition (compared to the three other traditions), invites the worship of more than one god, including Shiva, Vishnu, Shakti, Ganesha, and Surya among other gods and goddesses. It is not as overtly sectarian as either Vaishnavism or Shaivism, and is based on the recognition that Brahman is the highest principle in the universe and pervades all of existence.
Generally, Smartas worship Brahman in one of five forms: Ganesha, Shiva, Shakti, Vishnu, and Surya. Because they accept all the major Hindu deities, they are regarded to be liberal or nonsectarian. They follow a philosophical, meditative path, emphasizing man's oneness with God through understanding. Some Smartas accept and worship the six manifestations of Brahman, and the choice of the nature of Brahman is up to the individual worshipper, since different manifestations of God are held to be equivalent. It is believed that in Adi Shankara's time these deities had their own Hindu followers who quarreled with each other, claiming the superiority of their chosen deity. Adi Shankara is said to have synthesized these quarrelling sects by integrating the worship of all these deities in the Shanmata system.
# Bourg–Ceyzériat Airport

Bourg–Ceyzériat Airport (French: Aéroport de Bourg–Ceyzériat) (ICAO: LFHS) is an airport located 5 km (3 NM) east of Bourg-en-Bresse and northwest of Ceyzériat, both communes of the Ain department in the Rhône-Alpes region of France.

## Facilities

The airport is at an elevation of 857 feet (261 m) above mean sea level. It has one asphalt paved runway designated 18/36 measuring 1,139 by 30 metres (3,737 ft × 98 ft) and a parallel grass runway measuring 735 by 80 metres (2,411 ft × 262 ft).
The airport is open 24 hours and offers Pilot Controlled Lighting for Night VFR flights.
It is walking distance from Bourg-en-Bresse Jasseron motorway station which offers a restaurant and hotel.

## Airlines and destinations

There is no scheduled commercial air service at this time.
# Ivan Akimov

Ivan Akimovich Akimov (Russian: Иван Акимович Акимов; 22 May 1755 – 15 May 1814) was a Russian painter in the Classical style.

## Biography

His father was a typographer and typesetter for the Governing Senate. At the age of ten, after his father's death, he wrote a letter to the Imperial Academy of Arts, requesting admission and pleading poverty. The letter was successful, and he was admitted. He was there from 1765 to 1773 and studied under Anton Losenko.
During the years 1773 to 1778, he received a fellowship to study in Italy, going by way of Paris and Avignon and then to Genoa and Bologna, where he was enrolled at the Accademia di Belle Arti di Bologna under Gaetano Gandolfi. He found the teaching there unsatisfactory, however and, after numerous unanswered petitions to the Academy, moved to Rome without permission. He arrived there only to discover that their "Academy" was really an association of artists with private students. Thanks to a recommendation from a Russian nobleman residing in Italy, he was able enter the classes of Pompeo Battoni. Later, on orders from the Imperial Academy, he finished his course in Bologna, then lived successively in Rome, Venice and Florence. In 1779, he returned to Saint Petersburg and became a lecturer at the Academy. Three years later, he was named an Academician for his painting of Hercules burning himself on a pyre.

### Later achievements

In 1785, he was promoted to Associate Professor and, in 1791, he was appointed Director of the Imperial Tapestry Manufactory [ru]. He also taught drawing to Tsar Paul I's daughters. Three years later, he rose to Associate Director of the Academy and, finally, became the Director in 1800. In the following years, he turned to painting more contemporary historical scenes, under patriotic pressure from the war with Napoleon. They were not highly thought of, but cannot be judged now because few have survived.
Although he is not considered to be a first-rate artist, he had a special talent for teaching and was a great influence on Russian history painting. Among his best-known students are Andrey Ivanovich Ivanov, Vasily Shebuyev and Alexei Yegorov. Alexander Stupin (who would later establish his own art school) actually boarded with Akimov and his family.
He was also one of the founders of Russian art historiography, beginning with his article "Brief Historical Information About Some Russian Artists" in the 1804 edition of Severny Vestnik. In his will, he bequeathed 15,000 Rubles to the Academy.
# BSPP (drug)

BSPP is a compound used in scientific research which acts as a positive allosteric modulator at the GABA$_B$ receptor. It has a synergistic effect with GABA$_B$ agonists such as baclofen at GABA$_B$ autoreceptors but not heteroreceptors, suggesting it may be useful for distinguishing between these GABA$_B$ receptor subtypes.
# Asr (radar)

Asr (Persian: رادار عصر Radar) is an Iranian passive electronically scanned array long-range radar unveiled in 2013. The Air Surveillance Radar or ASR is a 3-D solid state phased array radar, capable of detecting boats, low flying aircraft with a radar cross section (RCS) of 4 m$^2$ (43 sq ft) at a range of 5–110 nmi (6–127 mi; 9–204 km). The radar is jointly designed and built by the Islamic Republic of Iran Navy and the Ministry of Defence and Armed Forces Logistics (Iran).

## Specifications

The indigenous ASR naval radar uses a passive electronically scanned array, which can be deployed on shore or on ships, making it less vulnerable to anti-radar missiles that use radar signals to home in on their target.

## Ceremony

The "Asr" radar was unveiled at a ceremony attended by Deputy Supreme Commander of the Islamic Republic of Iran and the Islamic Republic of Iran Navy commander in 2013.
# Vientiane–Boten Expressway

The Vientiane–Boten Expressway (officially referred to as the Lao-China Expressway) (Lao: ທາງດ່ວນ ລາວ-ຈີນ) is a partially completed expressway between Boten, on the China–Laos border, and Vientiane, the capital of Laos. It roughly parallels Route 13.
The expressway is the first in Laos.
Construction of the expressway is divided in four sections:
* Vientiane–Vang Vieng (113 km (70 mi))
* Vang Vieng–Luang Prabang (137 km (85 mi))
* Luang Prabang–Oudomxay
* Oudomxay–Boten
The first section to be completed is the Vientiane–Vang Vieng Expressway; in June 2020, it was 71% complete and, in December 2020, it was inaugurated. Preparation work for the Vang Vieng–Luang Prabang section was to commence after opening of the Vientiane–Vang Vieng section.

## Vientiane–Vang Vieng Expressway

Construction of the first section began at the end of 2018 and was initially scheduled to finish in 2021, but was already completed on 20 December 2020. The road shortens the trip by 43 km compared with the existing Route 13. The expressway toll will be 550 kip per kilometre, or about 62,000 kip for a one-way trip between Vientiane and Vang Vieng.
The trip from Vientiane to Vang Vieng is shortened from 4 hours to 1.5 hours using the expressway. Speeds on the expressway are designated at 120 km per hour on flat terrain from Sikeut village to in Vientiane Prefecture, and 80 km per hour through the more mountainous section between Phonhong and Vang Vieng Districts. The road includes double tunnels measuring almost 900 m (3,000 ft) through Phoupha Mountain.
The expressway is 95 percent owned by Chinese developer Yunnan Construction Engineering Group, who are also the developer, and five percent by the Laotian government. The cost is estimated at US$1.2 billion. The developer will retain a 50 year concession on tolls from the expressway.

### List of interchanges

* Vientiane
* Ban Nasone
* Ban Boua
* Ban Saka (Phonkham)
* Ban Phonhong (Nam Ngum dam)
* Muang Hinherb
* Nguem lake (Ban Vangkhi)
* Muang Vang Vieng

## Vang Vieng–Luang Prabang Expressway

The Lao government has approved the construction of the second section from Vang Vieng to Luang Prabang, with a length of 137 km (85 mi). Once completed, the travel time would be reduced from 6 hours to 90 minutes.
# Bingöl Mountains

Bingöl Mountains (Turkish: Bingöl Dağları; Kurdish: Çiyayên Çewlig) is a mountain range in Turkey at the zero point of the provincial border of Erzurum and Muş.

## Geology and geomorphology

Bingöl Mountains is an example of Shield volcanoes. Dağkale Hill, which is the highest point of the Bingöl Mountains, is located within the borders of Varto district. Its height is 3193 m, length is 50–55 km, width is 30–35 km, area is 1500 km2. The caldera edges of Mount Bingöl and the plateaus 2650–2800 m high have become glacial. There are at least 100 lakes large enough to be mapped on the mountain. The main structure of the mountain consists of andesite and basalts. The slope is soft on the northern slopes of the mountain, whose southern foothills are steep. The waters flowing from the north of the Bingöl Mountains feed the Aras river, and the Murat river from the east and west through the Kocasu stream.
# Christmas in the Park (San Jose)

37°19′56″N 121°53′23″W﻿ / ﻿37.33222°N 121.88972°W﻿ / 37.33222; -121.88972
Christmas in the Park is a winter event that takes place each year in downtown San Jose, California, roughly from the last week of November to January 1. During this time, more than five hundred Christmas trees decorated by local schools and other groups are displayed in Plaza de César Chávez Park, usually with more than 50 Christmas-related musical and animated exhibits, a 55-foot high Community Giving Tree, and souvenir and treats shops.
The event brings an estimated $13 million in visitor spending to the city. It is free to the public, although donations to help offset its costs are suggested.
In 2020, due to the COVID-19 pandemic, Christmas in the Park pivoted to a drive-through event at San Jose's History Park.

## History

The Christmas in the Park event traces its origin to the Nativity display built by Don Lima in the 1950s in front of his Lima Family Mortuary in Willow Glen. The exhibit attracted attention and he began adding more displays, and as they grew, there were more visitors.
In the 1970s, he donated the exhibits to the City of San Jose. For a while they were set up on the lawn where San Jose's original City Hall used to be, at the intersection of First and Mission Streets. The City of San Jose and a non-profit (Christmas in the Park Inc) worked together to host a 2.5 acre holiday celebration.
The event was moved to Plaza de César Chávez in the early 1980s.
In 2011 the City could no longer afford to manage or raise funds for the event and it was scheduled to be closed. The non-profit took over the event and have increased attendance each year since – reaching over 700,000 in 2017.

## Gallery

* Community Giving Tree
* Miniature train on display in the park
* Ferris wheel ride
* A view of the event
* Santa exhibit
* An exhibit of a historical costume shop
# Stanisław Rembek

Stanisław Rembek (6 July 1901, Łódź – 21 March 1985, Warsaw) was a Polish writer, translator, teacher and soldier of the Home Army
He was the author of the novels "Nagan", "W polu" (about the Polish-Soviet War), and "Wyrok na Franciszka Kłosa". "W polu" was called by Czesław Miłosz the best Polish book about the fight that was written in the interwar period. In the opinion of the Polish writer Maria Dąbrowska, "W polu" was a better book than "All Quiet on the Western Front" by Erich Maria Remarque. The novel received an award from the Francis de Sales Lewental Foundation. The book's reissue was blocked by communist censorship after World War II. "Wyrok na Franciszka Kłosa" directed by Andrzej Wajda, is based on Rembek's novel of the same title. The film "Szwadron" directed by Juliusz Machulski was based on Rembek's short stories.
# O'Friel

O'Friel (Irish: Ó Fearghial or Ó Frighil) is a surname of Tyrconnell (modern-day County Donegal).
The origin of the names comes from Firghil (Ó Fearghial or Fergal), a descendant of Eoghan, (son of Niall Noígíallach, the most prolific warrior in Irish history) brother of St. Columcille, and are thus nearest in descent to Columcille. The name Fearghial is composed of "fear." meaning man and "gal," meaning valour.
The leading line of the family were hereditary coarbs of Kilmacrennan, County Donegal. Before the introduction of Christianity, the family was a hereditary line of Druid priests/priestesses. The Chief of the Name possessed the hereditary right of inaugurating O'Donnell as lord of Tirconnell.
Not being a powerful or numerous sept they do not appear very frequently in the national records. The records of the Diocese of Raphoe have many references to distinguished ecclesiastics of the name, both as O'Friel and Friel, including one Bishop Florence or Feargal O'Friel (d. 1299). Amhalgaid Ó Frighil was one of the many clergy from Raphoe and Derry who went to Iona - he was elected Abbot of Iona in 1203.

## Present day

Friel (Freel, Freels) is seen more common as a surname than the traditional O'Friel. Statistics relating to the modern distribution of the population indicate that the name is seldom met with outside County Donegal and contiguous areas. The name is very closely associated with the north Donegal, especially Fanad and surrounding areas. Notable descendants include the playwright Brian Friel (born 1929) and the actress Anna Friel (born 1976).
Another spelling of the surname is Freel or Freels.