OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Walls of Piran

The Walls of Piran (Slovene: Piransko obzidje) are the defensive walls of Piran, a coastal town on the Adriatic Sea in southwestern Slovenia. Significant parts of the fortification walls remain well-preserved.

## History

Piran's three walls were built in response to the city's expansion. The first wall was built in the 7th century, separating the town into four streets, named after each of the entrances into the town: Miljska, Stolna, Osrednja (main) and Poljska. The first wall can be seen in the old part of the town. The wall was moved south-west when new streets were built. The fortification wall, which was built along the southern coast of the town, hasn't changed much since it was first built.
At the end of the 13th century, when Piran came under Venetian rule, the town grew further and in response the second wall was built. This wall included the town quarter of Campo.
In the final phases of expansion between 1470 and 1538, the third fortification wall was built to protect the peninsula during construction. It protected the Marčana quarter. The biggest part was built when the use of gunpowder became frequent.
The third wall is almost completely intact. Its northern part is accessible while the southern wall's floors and stairs are missing or are under reconstruction. Between them a gap opened where the wall collapsed. A small portion of the third wall is next to the rectory, facing north. A tower viewer is located in one of the towers.

## Gates

Seven city entrances or gates remain preserved:
* The Central Gate (Osrednja vrata) at Partisan Street (Partizanska ulica).
* The gothic-styled First Rašpor Gate (Prva Rašporska vrata) is at Rozman Street (Rozmanova ulica).
* The Second Rašpor Gate (Druga Rašporska vrata) constructed in 1470 is on the third wall with the seven towers.
* The Renaissance-styled Marčana city entrance, constructed in 1534, is part of the third wall.
* The Muggia Gate (Miljska vrata) constructed in the 13th century, is among the oldest.
* The Dolfin Gate (Dolfinova vrata) is the best preserved gothic gate in the town. It was constructed in 1483 by the mayor Dolfin.
* The Field Gate (Poljska vrata) is from the 15th century. A church of Saint James the Greater is nearby and connected to the Town Palace.
* The Baroque-styled Saint George Gate (Vrata sv. Jurija), was renovated in 1660.
# Karabey, Yavuzeli

Karabey (Kurdish: Safkan) is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Yavuzeli, Gaziantep Province, Turkey. The village is populated by Kurds and had a population of 281 in 2022.
# Silver Knife Church

The Silver Knife Church (Romanian: Biserica Cuțitul de Argint) is a Romanian Orthodox church located at 1 Cuțitul de Argint Street in Bucharest, Romania. It is dedicated to the Feast of the Transfiguration.
The church is located on Filaret Hill, adjacent to Carol Park. It is also known as New Bărbătescu, as the area used to form part of Old Bărbătescu parish. A small church without a dome used to stand on the same site. This was built in 1796 and existed as late as 1897.
The present church was built in 1906–1910, for the jubilee marking 40 years on the throne for King Carol I. It was inspired by Saint Nicholas Princely Church in Iași, itself built to commemorate 40 years of Stephen the Great’s reign. Nicolae Ghica-Budești was the architect, while Costin Petrescu painted the interior in 1908–1910.
The paintings were cleaned and the iconostasis was gilt in 1926; further repairs were carried out in 1949. A choir gallery was added in 1919. The wooden iconostasis sculpted with floral designs has icons painted by Petrescu in 1907. Thorough repairs were carried out in 1992–1995, when the interior and part of the exterior frescoes were repainted.
The church is triconch in form, with walls up to 1.5 metres (4 feet 11 inches) thick. Adhering to the Moldavian style of church architecture, its dimensions are 22.65 by 10.60 metres (74.3 by 34.8 feet). A large stone cross was placed on the right side of the church in 1906. This dates to 1677, to the reign of Antonie Ruset. It is ornamented and inscribed in Romanian Cyrillic.
The church is listed as a historic monument by Romania's Ministry of Culture and Religious Affairs.
# Elmalı, Kızıltepe

Elmalı (Kurdish: Tifahî, Tofan) is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Kızıltepe, Mardin Province in Turkey. The village is populated by Kurds of the Kîkan tribe and had a population of 444 in 2021.
# V. Balakrishna Eradi

Vettath Balakrishna Eradi (19 June 1922 – 30 December 2010) was a Judge of Supreme Court of India. He also served as the Chief Justice of the Kerala High Court and as President of the National Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission (NCDRC) and the Chairman of Ravi & Beas Waters Disputes Tribunal. Eradi was also noted for his role in several spiritual, cultural, and social organizations.

## Career

Eradi enrolled as an advocate in Madras High Court. He began his profession as junior to K. Kuttikrishna Menon, before starting an independent practice in the Madras High Court. He was later appointed by the Madras Government as Junior Counsel to conduct several Government cases.
Eradi shifted his practice to Ernakulam in 1956 when the new High Court of Kerala was established. In 1961, he was appointed Senior Government Pleader in the Kerala High Court where he conducted several important Government cases. He was also doing private practice during this time. In April 1967, Balakrishna was appointed Additional Judge of the Kerala High Court and six months later elevated as Permanent Judge. During his tenure at Kerala High Court, he was appointed Chairman of several committees, including the High Court Committee appointed by the Government of Kerala for suggesting ways and means of raising the standard of legal education in the State. Eradi was appointed Chief Justice of the High Court of Kerala in January 1980 and was elevated to the Judge of the Supreme Court of India a year later. While functioning as Judge of the Supreme Court, he was appointed by Government of India as Chairman of the Ravi and Beas Waters Tribunal for adjudication of the dispute regarding sharing of the Punjab River waters between States of Punjab, Haryana and Rajasthan. Justice Eradi retired from the Bench of the Supreme Court on attaining the age of superannuation in 1987.

### After retirement

In 1988, he was appointed President of the National Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission, a post he held until he retired in 1997. In 1999 he was appointed Chairman of the National Company Law Tribunal and Appellate Tribunal, a High Level Committee to examine the existing laws relating to winding up proceedings of companies in order to remodel it in line with the latest developments.
Eradi was actively connected with cultural and social service organizations and was President of International Centre for Kathakali, Delhi since 1982 and was also the President of Swaralaya, a Carnatic music society of India. He was a Member of the Council of Management of Sri Sathya Sai Central Trust from its inception in 1972.
After the retirement he stayed in New Delhi with his wife, Saraswathy Eradi and later shifted to Kozhikode and was residing at Chalappuram. Balakrishnan Eradi died on 30 December 2010 at a private hospital in Kozhikode.

## Awards and honors

Eradi received several awards during his long career, including the National Press of India Golden Jubilee Award, Rajiv Gandhi Excellence Award, the National Citizenship Award, and the Shiromani Award.
# Akça, Batman

Akça (Kurdish: Tilmiz) is a village in the Batman District of Batman Province in Turkey. The village is populated by Kurds of the Receban tribe and had a population of 506 in 2021.
# Ice Hockey Federation of Slovenia

The Ice Hockey Federation of Slovenia (Slovene: Hokejska zveza Slovenije, HZS) is the governing body of ice hockey in Slovenia. Slovenia was one of ten nations to join the International Ice Hockey Federation on May 6, 1992, the largest number of nations to join in one day in the history of the organization.
# Shamusilabi

Shamusilabi (Persian: شموسيلابي, also Romanized as Shamūsīlābī; also known as Shams ʿAlī Kandī and Shamū Salāvī) is a village in Qarah Quyun-e Jonubi Rural District, Qarah Quyun District, Showt County, West Azerbaijan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 201, in 55 families.
# Li Jizhun

Li Jizhun (1875–?), a Chinese general from the beginning of the Republic of China, leader of a Japanese puppet force in southeast Manchukuo from 1933 -1935.
Li Jizhun, born in Hubei in 1875, became a general after serving in the Republican Army during the Xinhai Revolution. During the Warlord Era little is known of his activities. In early 1933, following the Japanese invasion of Manchuria and the establishment of Manchukuo Li appeared in southeast Liaoning province at the head of several thousand men calling themselves the "National Salvation Army", and flying the old five-barred flag of the Chinese Republic.
At first, Li's force was fighting the Anti-Japanese guerrillas, despite their claim to be ready to fight the Japanese. They then served with the Manchukuoan forces in the Japanese Operation Nekka in 1933. After that they began to make trouble in the disputed area between Manchukuo and northern China with the intent to establish an "independent" government there with the help of the Japanese, and they captured some small towns. However, with the Tanggu Truce, and the establishment of the demilitarized zone, Li's army, now about 10,000 strong, was no longer wanted. The Japanese disbanded it, with only 2,000 of its men being recruited to serve in the demilitarized zone's Peace Preservation Corps.
General Li disappeared. Reports at the time believed him to have retired to the Japanese Concession in Tianjin.

## Sources

* Jowett, Philip S., Rays of the Rising Sun: China & Manchukuo, Vol. 1, Helion & Co. Ltd. 2004, ISBN 9781874622215.
# Gündüzlü, Kozluk

Gündüzlü (Kurdish: Mezra Xalik) is a village in the Kozluk District, Batman Province, Turkey. Its population is 190 (2021).
The hamlet of Kalkancık is attached to the village.
# Sheikh Abu Salah Taha

Sheikh Abu Salah Taha (Arabic: الشيخ ابو صلاح طه) was the former leader of Hamas' Syrian affiliate, known as Hamas in Syria. The group is chiefly based in the Yarmouk Camp, a camp designated for Palestinian refugees in south-western Syria, near Damascus.
Sheikh Abu Salah Taha was killed by militants from the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant on April 4, 2015, during the Battle of Yarmouk Camp, along with other senior Palestinian figures in the area. A video released by ISIL emerged a couple of hours after the event, in which Sheikh was beheaded, and his head spiked on a wooden pole.
# Rahmanabad, Kermanshah

Rahmanabad (Persian: رحمان اباد, also Romanized as Raḩmānābād) is a village in Fash Rural District, in the Central District of Kangavar County, Kermanshah Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 206, in 53 families.
# Bağlıca, Gercüş

Bağlıca (Kurdish: Midêlbê) is a village in the Gercüş District of Batman Province in Turkey. The village is populated by Kurds of the Habezbenî tribe and had a population of 148 in 2021.
# Yazyurdu, Nusaybin

Yazyurdu (Kurdish: Qesra Belek) is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Nusaybin, Mardin Province in Turkey. The village is populated by Kurds of the Harunan tribe and had a population of 228 in 2021.
# Sergey Sedov

Sergey Alexandrovich Sedov (Russian: Сергей Александрович Седов; born 1979), known as The Sokolniki Maniac (Russian: Сокольнический маньяк), is a Russian serial killer who stabbed to death six people in Moscow's Sokolniki Park between 1998 and 1999. Deemed mentally unfit to stand trial, he was sent off to a psychiatric facility in the village of Troitskoye, where he remains to this day.

## Biography

A native Muscovite, Sedov grew up in a dysfunctional family, both of his parents being alcoholics. Ever since he was a child, Sergey suffered from hearing loss, and at school, he was put in a group for children with special needs. He was described as unsocial, and if he was offended by other children, he would run away, refusing to return to class for several days. His peculiar behavior led to examinations by several doctors in 1989, who concluded that the young Sergey was intellectually disabled. However, they deemed that treatment was unnecessary, as it was believed that he would pose no threat to others around him.
On the night of October 7, 1998, while wandering around Sokolniki Park at night, Sedov got into an argument with a drunk man. He then grabbed a metal pipe, with which he proceeded to beat the man to death, after which he sexually abused his corpse. Until his arrest on October 18, 1999, he would go on to commit five similar murders in the area, killing three victims with the metal pipe, one with a hammer and the final, his only female victim, with a pair of scissors.
On the day of his arrest, Sergey told one of his neighbors that he had just killed a person, but as he was known to be of unsound mind, the neighbor didn't believe his claims. Sedov then went to the park with him, where he showed the still-fresh crime scene. Alarmed, the neighbor phoned the authorities, who quickly arrested the killer and started to interrogate him. During the investigations, Sedov admitted to the six murders and that he had had sex with the victims' corpses. When queried about why he had done it, he claimed that an "inner voice" had told him to commit exactly six killings. One of the investigators asked what would happen if he were told to kill for example 12 people, to which Sergey replied "Orders are not being discussed. I would continue to kill."
In June 2000, Sedov was put on trial before the Eastern Moscow District Court, accused of murder, but the sexual assault charges were dropped, as they couldn't be proven. He was ordered to undertake an exam at the Serbsky Center, from which the doctors determined that he was criminally insane, had sexual sadism with necrophilic tendencies. As a result, the Moscow Court determined that he was mentally unfit to stand trial and sent him to a psychiatric hospital in the village of Troitskoye, where he would receive intensive treatment for the rest of his life.
# Asha Jama

Asha Said Jama (Somali: Caasha Saciid Jamaac, Arabic: عائشة سعيد جامع) (born on November 15, 1960) is a Somali-Canadian social activist, and former TV reporter and journalist.

## Biography

Jama was born in Merca, situated in southern Somalia. She grew up in the capital Mogadishu. There, she attended the Somali National University's Lafoole Campus and obtained a degree in journalism. Soon after graduation, Jama began working at the state-run Xidigta Oktobar newspaper. She later served as a news anchor on local television.
Due to civil unrest in Somalia, Jama decided to leave the country in the late 1980s. She moved to Canada, where she has been residing for the last twenty two years. Jama later became a community activist as President of the Calgary-based Alberta Somali Community Center. In this capacity, she has led numerous social initiatives, working closely with the Canadian Somali Congress among other organizations.
# Hamzeh-ye Sofla

Hamzeh-ye Sofla (Persian: خمزه سفلي, also Romanized as Ḩamzeh-ye Soflá; also known as Khamzeh-ye Pā’īn) is a village in Jarahi Rural District, in the Central District of Mahshahr County, Khuzestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 160, in 31 families.
# Sahillər

Sahiller (Azerbaijani: Sahillər) is a village in the municipality of Seyidlikendyeri in the Khachmaz District of Azerbaijan.
# Dera Shish

Dera Shish (Arabic: دئيره شيش, Kurdish: دێرشیش) also known as ʿŪmrā and ‘Ūmra Shghisha, is a village in Dohuk Governorate in Kurdistan Region, Iraq. It is located near the Iraq–Turkey border in the district of Zakho.
In the village, there was a church of Mar Ephrem. The Monastery of Mar Atqen was located near the village.

## History

The Monastery of Mar Atqen is mentioned in the 9th century Book of Chastity by Ishoʿdnaḥ. In 1913, 200 Chaldean Catholic Assyrians inhabited Dera Shish, and were served by one functioning church as part of the diocese of Zakho. In the Iraqi census of 1957, the village had a population of 361 people. A significant number of inhabitants fled as a consequence of the First Iraqi–Kurdish War in the early 1960s. Dera Shish was destroyed by the Iraqi government in 1975, displacing the remaining 50 families, and the monastery was also demolished by Iraqi soldiers during the Al-Anfal campaign in 1987.
By 2011, 8 families had returned to Dera Shish, and the Hezel Foundation had constructed 20 houses and a community hall, and developed the village's infrastructure. As of 2016, the village is inhabited by 32 Assyrians.
# Ivan Likhachev

Ivan Alekseyevich Likhachev (Russian: Ива́н Алексе́евич Лихачёв; June 15, 1896 — June 24, 1956) was a Soviet statesman, one of the organizers of the Soviet automobile industry. He is known as the director of the Moscow 1st State Automobile Plant (now the Likhachev Plant). Member of the Central Executive Committee of the USSR of the 7th convocation, deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of 1-5 convocations. Member of the Central Committee of the CPSU (b) (1939–1941), candidate member of the Central Committee of the CPSU (1956).
# Güllüce, Kozluk

Güllüce (Kurdish: Siçan) is a village in the Kozluk District, Batman Province, Turkey. Its population is 151 (2021).
# Ecole Supérieure Roi Fahd de Traduction

The Ecole Supérieure Roi Fahd de Traduction (ESRFT, "King Fahd School of Translation", Arabic: مدرسة الملک فهد العلیا للترجمة) is a translation and interpreting school located in Tangier, Morocco.

## History and operations

The school was established in Tangier in 1986 in an attempt to regularize the training of translators in this multilingual region. Before then, specialized centres for training translators did not exist in the Arab world.
# Ron Hurst (musician)

Ron Hurst (born c. 1950) is an American musician. Since 1984 he has been the drummer for American rock band Steppenwolf. He resides in Hillsboro, Oregon, in the Portland area where he teaches drums at a studio. Hurst moved from Nashville, Tennessee, to the Hillsboro area in 2003. He grew up in Holyoke, Massachusetts before moving to New York City and Nashville. His daughter is in a band called In Retrograde. In addition to drums, he has also done vocal work with the band.
# Bishr ibn Dawud al-Muhallabi

Bishr ibn Dawud al-Muhallabi (Arabic: بشر بن داود المهلبي) was a governor of al-Sind for the Abbasid Caliphate, serving during the caliphate of al-Ma'mun.

## Career

A member of the Muhallabid family, Bishr was the son of Dawud ibn Yazid, who had served as the governor of al-Sind since the caliphate of al-Rashid. After Yazid died in 820 or 821, Bishr succeeded his father and took over the government of al-Sind. Al-Ma'mun agreed to recognize him as governor, on the condition that Bishr send a million dirhams in tribute to him on an annual basis.
In spite of this agreement, however, Bishr soon decided to rebel against the caliph, and stopped forwarding any money to Baghdad. In response, al-Ma'mun placed an army under the command of Hajib ibn Salih in 826 and instructed him to reassert caliphal control over al-Sind. Bishr, however, defeated Hajib and forced him to retreat from the province. Following this, al-Ma'mun invested Ghassan ibn 'Abbad with the governorship of al-Sind and sent him to defeat Bishr. This time, Bishr decided to surrender and requested that Ghassan give him a guarantee of safe conduct. This was granted, and Bishr returned with Ghassan to Iraq in 831.
# Kitab Salat as-Sawai

Kitābu ṣalāti s-sawā'ī (Arabic: كتاب صلاة السواعي) is a book of hours printed in Arabic in 1514. It is the first known book printed in Arabic with movable type.

## History

It was almost certainly printed by Gregorio di Gregorii. Miroslav Krek determined it was very probably printed in Venice, despite the colophonic attribution to Fano, although this is disputed. Other sources claim it was in fact printed in Fano, at an Arabic printing press established by Pope Julius II.

## Contents

The psalms used are those of the eleventh-century Melkite bishop, Abd Allah ibn al-Fadl.

## Known existing copies

The scholar Nuria Torres Santo Domingo located a number of existing copies, listed below:
Italy
* Biblioteca Estense, Modena
* Biblioteca Medicea-Laurenziana, Florence
* Biblioteca Ambrosiana, Milan
France
* Bibliothèque nationale de France, Paris
United Kingdom
* British Museum, London
* Bodleian Library, Oxford
Germany
* Bavarian State Library, Munich
* Zentralbibliothek Sondersammlungen, Rostock
Netherlands
* Leiden University Library, Leiden
Spain
* Biblioteca Histórica Marqués de Valdecilla, Madrid
Sweden
* Carolina Rediviva, Uppsala
Egypt
* Egyptian National Library and Archives, Cairo
United States
* Princeton University Library, Princeton
# YugoRosGaz

YugoRosGaz a.d. is a Serbian natural gas distributor and transportation company, a subsidiary of Russian Gazprom. It is headquartered in Belgrade, Serbia.

## Ownership

As of 13 May 2024, YugoRosGaz is owned by Gazprom (75%) and Srbijagas (25%).
# Dečja Vas, Trebnje

Dečja Vas (pronounced; Slovene: Dečja vas) is a village in the hills southeast of Trebnje in eastern Slovenia. The area is part of the traditional region of Lower Carniola. The Municipality of Trebnje is now included in the Southeast Slovenia Statistical Region.
The local church is dedicated to Saint Michael and belongs to the Parish of Trebnje. It was first mentioned in written documents dating to 1526, but was extensively rebuilt in the mid-19th century.
# Social Democratic Youth (Romania)

The Social Democratic Youth (Romanian: Tineretul Social Democrat, TSD) is the youth organisation of the Social Democratic Party (PSD) of Romania.
# Saguia el-Hamra (river)

The Saquia el-Hamra (Arabic: الساقية الحمراء lit. The Red Saturater) is a wadi and intermittent river which rises in the northeast of Western Sahara, some 30 kilometres (19 mi) southeast of Farsia. The wadi continues west, passing close to Haouza and Smara before joining with the intermittent Oued el Khatt just south of Laayoune on the Atlantic coast. The wadi gives its name to the Saquia el-Hamra region.
In February 2016 astronauts aboard the International Space Station photographed the area around Laayoune, with Saquia el-Hamra river clearly visible.
# Vila Olímpia

The Vila Olímpia (in English 'Olympia Village') is an upper-class neighborhood in the district of Itaim Bibi in the city of São Paulo, Brazil.
Vila Olímpia is home to the Brazilian offices of several multinational companies including Unilever, Google, Yahoo!, CNET, Intel, Symantec, Microsoft, among many others.
The region is also well known for its nightlife district with several bars and nightclubs.
Another highlight of the neighborhood is Daslu, a megastore aimed at the luxury market. It is the largest enterprise of its kind in Latin America and one of the largest in the world. Vila Olímpia also contains the E-Tower, the 5th tallest skyscraper in the city and the 12th tallest in Brazil.