# Verkehrsverbund Rhein-Ruhr

The Verkehrsverbund Rhein-Ruhr (German:), abbreviated VRR, is a public transport association (Verkehrsverbund) in the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia. It covers most of the Ruhr area, as well as neighbouring parts of the Lower Rhine region, including Düsseldorf and thus large parts of the Rhine-Ruhr conurbation. It was founded on 1 January 1980, and is Europe’s largest body of such kind, covering an area of some 5,000 km$^2$ (1,900 sq mi) with more than 7.8 million inhabitants, spanning as far as Dorsten in the north, Dortmund in the east, Langenfeld in the south, and Mönchengladbach and the Dutch border in the west.

## Structure and responsibilities

The VRR is tasked with coordinating public transport in its area. This means the following:
* setting and developing the fare system (“VRR-Tarif”)
** redistributing ticket revenue onto the transport companies
* coordinating local train services (Schienenpersonennahverkehr, SPNV) within its area as public service obligations (PSO)
* integrating the public transport system
** setting standards and guidelines for passenger information and bus/tram stop facilities
** coordination between transport companies, local authorities and Land authorities
* financing partial subsidies for bus and tram companies according to § 11 (2) and § 11a ÖPNVG NRW
* coordinating Land subsidies to transport companies and local authorities according to § 12 and § 13 ÖPNVG NRW

### Governance

Officially, 24 cities and districts form the Zweckverband VRR (ZV VRR), and an additional 2 districts the Nahverkehrs-Zweckverband Niederrhein (NVN). Together, the ZV VRR and the NVN form the Verkehrsverbund Rhein-Ruhr AöR, which in addition cooperates with further transport companies.
The member cities and districts of the Zweckverband VRR (ZV VRR) are:
* cities of Bochum, Bottrop, Dortmund, Duisburg, Düsseldorf, Essen, Gelsenkirchen, Hagen, Herne, Krefeld, Mönchengladbach, Monheim, Mülheim, Neuss, Oberhausen, Remscheid, Solingen, Viersen, and Wuppertal
* districts of Ennepe-Ruhr, Mettmann, Recklinghausen, Rhein-Kreis Neuss and Viersen
The members of the Nahverkehrs-Zweckverband Niederrhein (NVN) are the districts of Kleve and Wesel.
The municipal and district councils send representatives to the two Zweckverband councils (Verbandsversammlung), which in turn elect the main decision making body, the administrative council (Verwaltungsrat) of the VRR AöR, and other committees. The Verwaltungsrat elects the administrative board of the VRR AöR (Vorstand), currently Gabriele Matz and José Luis Castrillo.
In addition, there are departments within the VRR dealing with different matters, such as marketing or law. Two Land institutions are located within the VRR structure: Kompetenzcenter Digitalisierung NRW (KCD) and Kompetenzcenter Sicherheit (KCS).
Through the ZV VRR Eigenbetrieb Fahrzeuge und Infrastruktur (ZV VRR FaIn-EB), the VRR also buys and/or owns the rolling stock for some, but not all, of its PSO rail operations.

### Transport companies

These above mentioned cities’ and districts’ and other associated transport companies thus operate under the VRR fare scheme:
* Bahnen der Stadt Monheim (BSM)
* Bochum-Gelsenkirchener Straßenbahnen (Bogestra)
* Busverkehr Rheinland (BVR), operating as “DB Rheinlandbus”
* Dortmunder Stadtwerke (DSW21)
* Duisburger Verkehrsgesellschaft (DVG)
* Flughafen Düsseldorf
* Hagener Straßenbahn (HST)
* Kraftverkehr Schwalmtal (KVS)
* Kreisverkehrsgesellschaft Mettmann (KVGM)
* LOOK Busreisen
* Niederrheinische Verkehrsbetriebe (NIAG)
* NEW mobil und aktiv Mönchengladbach (NEW Möbus)
* NEW mobil und aktiv Viersen (NEW Viersen)
* Rheinbahn
* Ruhrbahn
* StadtBus Dormagen
* Stadtwerke Goch
* Stadtwerke Kevelaer
* Stadtwerke Krefeld (SWK)
* Stadtwerke Neuss (SWN)
* Stadtwerke Oberhausen (STOAG)
* Stadtwerke Remscheid (SR)
* Stadtwerke Solingen (SWS)
* Straßenbahn Herne – Castrop-Rauxel (HCR)
* Verkehrsgesellschaft der Stadt Velbert (VGV)
* Verkehrsgesellschaft Ennepe-Ruhr (VER)
* Verkehrsgesellschaft Hilden
* Vestische Straßenbahnen
* Wuppertaler Stadtwerke (WSW)
The following rail companies operate S-Bahn or regional train services in the VRR area and accept VRR tickets:
* DB Regio
* Keolis Deutschland, operating as “eurobahn”
* National Express Rail
* NordWestBahn
* Regiobahn
* Train Rental
* VIAS Rail

### Line numbering scheme

With the introduction of the VRR in 1980 a new line numbering system for all bus, tram and Stadtbahn lines in the VRR area was introduced. The VRR was divided into ten regions, which were assigned a prefix digit (e.g. 4 for Dortmund), the first digit in the three-digit line number representing that prefix. The last two digits are the individual line number. These are the existing prefixes:
* 1: Essen and Mülheim
* 2: Kreis Recklinghausen, Bottrop and northern Gelsenkirchen
* 3: Bochum, southern Gelsenkirchen, parts of the Ennepe-Ruhr-Kreis and Herne
* 4: Dortmund
* 5: Hagen and main part of the Ennepe-Ruhr-Kreis
* 6: Wuppertal, Solingen and Remscheid
* 7: Düsseldorf and Kreis Mettmann
* 8: Düsseldorf and Rhein-Kreis Neuss
* 9: Duisburg and Oberhausen
* 0: Mönchengladbach, Krefeld and Kreis Viersen
* no prefix: Kreis Kleve and Kreis Wesel
Stadtbahn lines are identified with the prefix "U" followed by the prefix and a one-digit identifiers. The prefixes 2, 5, 9 and 0 are not used for Stadtbahn lines. The Wuppertal Schwebebahn is officially line 60, but because it does not run underground, the U prefix is not used.
After the integration of the former Verkehrsgemeinschaft Niederrhein (VGN) area north of Duisburg, route numbers were unchanged, i.e. representing no prefix.
* Express buses are called Schnellbus and have the prefix SB followed by a two-digit-number. None of these numbers is a key number.
* Semi-fast buses are called City-Express and have the prefix CE followed by a two-digit-number. As with the Schnellbusse none of these numbers is a key number.
* Taxi buses are AST – AnrufSammelTaxi or ALT – AnrufLinienTaxi or Taxibus
* In some cities the local buses have an own numbering system, e.g. the buses in Velbert are called Ortsbus, their line number consists of an OV followed by a one- or two-digit number.
* In some cities the night buses are called NachtExpress – NE
As of 2019, the VRR network consists of 1098 lines, of which there are:
* in regional rail
** 12 S-Bahn lines (see: Rhine-Ruhr S-Bahn)
** 20 Regional-Express lines (see: List of regional railway lines in North Rhine-Westphalia)
** 19 Regionalbahn lines (see: List of regional railway lines in North Rhine-Westphalia)
* in urban rail
** 22 Stadtbahn light rail lines (see: Rhine-Ruhr Stadtbahn)
** 48 tram lines
** 1 Schwebebahn line (in Wuppertal)
** 2 H-Bahn peoplemover systems made up of three lines (two H-Bahn lines in Dortmund, and the Düsseldorf SkyTrain at Düsseldorf airport)
* in buses
** 1001 bus lines
** 6 trolleybus lines (in Solingen)
* 248,800,000 train and bus km per year
* 11,998 km of route network (bus, light rail, and train)
* 13,220 stops

## History

In 2004, roughly 1 billion trips were made by way of the VRR network.