OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Shreni

In Ancient India, a shreni (Sanskrit: श्रेणि, romanized: śreṇi or श्रेणी śreṇī, Prakrit: seni) was an association of traders, merchants, and artisans. Generally, a separate shreni existed for a particular group of persons engaged in the same vocation or activity. Shrenis have sometimes been compared with the guilds.
Well-documented references to the existing of shreni have been found from 5th century BC, and texts mention the existence of shrenis and conversion of entire members of some shrenis to Buddhism or Jainism. Over a period of time, some shrenis became very wealthy with surplus resources, and acted as custodians and bankers of religious and other endowments. One of the widely referred shreni was of ivory carvers of Vidisha (in the modern Indian state of Madhya Pradesh). This shreni is accredited with sponsoring and financially supporting the construction of the southern gateway of the stupa at Sanchi, which is currently a World Heritage Site.
Some scholars have opined that as each economic activity and craft was having its specific traditions and trade secrets, shrenis were formed to protect the same, and fathers used to pass on the same to their sons, and so it continued from one generation to the next generation. Daughters were excluded from becoming the members of the shreni, as once married they went to their husbands’ homes, and were prone to divulge the trade secrets to the families of their husbands.

## Shreni-dharma

Members were bound by guild-specific dharma. The Manusmriti stated "A king must inquire into the law of groups (jāti), of districts (ganapada), of guilds (shreni), and of families (kula)."
# Moradluy-e Sofla

Moradluy-e Sofla (Persian: مرادلوي سفلي, also Romanized as Morādlūy-e Soflá; also known as Morādlū-ye Soflá) is a village in Zangebar Rural District, in the Central District of Poldasht County, West Azerbaijan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 283, in 62 families.
# Fyodor Volkov

Fyodor Grigorievich Volkov (Russian: Фёдор Григорьевич Волков) (20 February [O.S. 9 February] 1729 in Kostroma – 15 April [O.S. 4 April] 1763 in Moscow) was a Russian actor and founder of the first permanent Russian theater.

## Life

The stepson of Merchant Polushkin from Kostroma, Fyodor Volkov received a versatile education. He established the very first public theater in Yaroslavl in 1750, which would later bring fame to the then-unknown actors Ivan Dmitrievsky, Yakov Shumsky and others. Two years later, Fyodor Volkov and his theater were invited by Empress Elizabeth to perform at her court, but it would soon be dismissed due to its "plebeian" nature. Some of the actors were sent to the Szlachta Corps (Шляхетный корпус) to get education.
In 1756, the empress issued a decree on the establishment of the first permanent public theatre in St.Petersburg under the guidance of Alexander Sumarokov. Fyodor Volkov assisted Sumarokov in managing the theater and five years later became its director after the latter's resignation. Volkov created the Russian professional public theater of national significance, tied it together with progressive dramatic art, and paved the way for a number of Russian actors. He married one of the first actresses in Russia, Maria Ananina.
As an actor, Fyodor Volkov mostly played tragic roles, such as the ones in Sumarokov's plays Khorev (Хорев), The Refuge of Virtue (Прибежище добродетели), Gamlet (Гамлет; Sumarokov's version of Shakespeare's Hamlet), Semira (Семира), Sinav and Truvor (Синав и Трувор), Yaropolk and Demiza (Ярополк и Демиза). Having mastered the art of stage acting, Volkov often deviated from esthetic canons of classicism and chose not to follow the universally accepted rules of solemn recitation. In his plays, Sumarokov would often create characters with Volkov's wild temperament in mind. The latter, however, was a very talented comedian, as well.

## Legacy

The Yaroslavl Theatre has been bearing Volkov's name since 1911.
# Strand Barracks

The Strand Barracks (Irish: Beairic na Trá) is the former army barracks on Clancy's Strand in Limerick city, Ireland.

## 1774 to 1800s

The barracks dates from the 18th century, founded in 1774, and lies on the banks of the River Shannon. It was a former workhouse called the House of Industry, built to help the destitute of Limerick city. The barrack-master in 1774 was Captain Matthew Manby (died 1774), father of George Manby.

## British Garrison

It later became a British Army Barracks during the 19th century, until it was handed over to the Free State. Amongst the last British Regiments to leave the Barracks were the Oxfordshire and Buckinghamshire Light Infantry 1st Battalion and the Royal Army Service Corps consisting of No. 1166 Motor Transport Company and Divisional Supply Column.

## Irish Garrison

Under the Anglo-Irish Treaty (which marked the end of the Irish War of Independence), the complex was handed over to troops of the Irish Free State on March 1, 1922. Due to escalating tensions between Free State and Republican troops, the barracks were handed over to Republican forces on March 5, as part of a truce agreement agreed between Liam Lynch, Commandant of the Republican Forces, and Commandant General Michael Brennan of the Free State Army. Towards the end of March the barracks was commanded by Connie (Mackey) McNamara.
At the height of the Irish Civil War, the barracks was besieged by Free State troops under the command of Commandant General Michael Brennan between the July 15–20, 1922. In the late evening of July 20, Captain McNamara surrendered control of the barracks to the Free State forces. The bullet holes from the conflict are still visible in the neighbouring houses.
The Free State then used the Barracks as a training Depot, and troops there were used in the Cork and Kerry landings in August 1922. The barracks housed forces of the Free State Army through the remainder of the Irish Civil War and for 13 years was home to units of the Southern Command of the Irish Defence Forces. The Barracks was then handed over to the Limerick Corporation in 1935.

## 1930s to present

The barracks was then taken over by Limerick Corporation and became their works yard. It passed out of their hands in 1990, where it has now become the Castle Court complex of two-storey houses and apartments.
# Carlotta

Carlotta may refer to:

## People and fictional characters

* Carlotta (name), a list of people and fictional characters with the given name
* Carlotta (performer) (born 1943), Australian cabaret performer and TV personality
* Marguerite Charlotte Lavoie (1912–2005), Canadian dancer known as "Carlotta"
* Mary Myers (1849–1932), American professional balloonist better known as "Carlotta, the Lady Aeronaut"

## Places

* Carlotta, California, United States, an unincorporated community
* Villa Carlotta, a house on Lake Como, Italy
* Villa Carlotta (Los Angeles County), two houses in California
* Carlotta, Western Australia, a locality of the Shire of Nannup

## Ships

* French brig Carlotta (1807), captured by the British in 1810 and redesignated HMS Carlotta
* HMS Carlotta (1812), the French brig Pylades, captured by the British and renamed Carlotta after the wreck of the earlier Carlotta
* SS Carlotta, later name of USS Antona (1863)
* TSS Carlotta (1893), British passenger vessel
* USS Carlotta (SP-1785), a United States Navy patrol boat in service from 1917 to 1918

## Other uses

* List of storms named Carlotta, various tropical cyclones
* A fictional town in the 1949 film noir The Bribe
* A fictional town in the 1982 comedy film Dead Men Don't Wear Plaid
# Ipomoea pes-tigridis

Ipomoea pes-tigridis is a species of Ipomoea in the family Convolvulaceae. It is known as tiger foot ipomoea or tiger foot morning glory. The species is native to tropical and subtropical regions of Asia, Africa, and New Guinea, and is naturalised in Australia. It grows from sea level up to 400 m. It is the type species of the genus Ipomoea.

## Description

Ipomoea pes-tigridis is an annual plant, hairy, growing as a vine. It can grow up to 1–3 m (3 ft 3 in – 9 ft 10 in). The leaves are palmately lobed, 6–10 cm (2.4–3.9 in) diameter, with 5-9 lobes on edge of the leaf; the lobes are elliptic, with a narrowed base; the sinus between the lobes being rounded. Its flowering period is between September and November. The trumpet-shaped flowers are white, 4 cm (1.6 in) long, the corolla opening to 3 cm (1.2 in) diameter, and has five points. The flowers are in clusters, but usually only one open at a time in each cluster; the individual flowers open after 4 pm, and wither by the following morning.
# Langar, Torqabeh and Shandiz

Langar (Persian: لنگر) is a village in Shandiz Rural District, Shandiz District, Torqabeh and Shandiz County, Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 436, in 99 families.
# Torshizuk

Torshizuk (Persian: ترشيزوك, also Romanized as Torshīzūk, Torsīzūk, and Torsh Shūk) is a village in Baghestan Rural District, in the Eslamiyeh District of Ferdows County, South Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 84, in 32 families.
# Harry C. Graves

Harry Cornelius Graves (April 25, 1898 – January 3, 1966) was an American football and baseball coach. He served as the head football coach at Virginia Normal and Industrial Institute—now known as Virginia State University in 1923, and Wilberforce University in Wilberforce, Ohio from 1924 to 1933. His 1931 Wilberforce Green Wave football team was undefeated and recognized as a black college football national champion.
Graves played high school football in Pratt, Kansas and college football at Michigan Agricultural College—now known as Michigan State University. He succeeded Harry R. Jefferson at Wilberforce in 1924. He earned a master's degree from Ohio State University in 1933.
Graves died on January 3, 1966, at St. Mary's Hospital in Leonardtown, Maryland.

## Head coaching record
### Football

| Year | Team | Overall | Conference | Standing |
| Virginia Normal Trojans (Colored Intercollegiate Athletic Association) (1923) ||||||
| 1923 | Virginia Normal | 4–3 | 3–3 | T–4th |
| Virginia Normal: | Virginia Normal: | 4–3 | 3–3 | |
| Wilberforce Green Wave (Independent) (1924–1933) ||||||
| 1924 | Wilberforce | 3–1–2 | | |
| 1925 | Wilberforce | 7–2 | | |
| 1926 | Wilberforce | 6–2 | | |
| 1927 | Wilberforce | 5–1–2 | | |
| 1928 | Wilberforce | 4–1–4 | | |
| 1929 | Wilberforce | 7–1–1 | | |
| 1930 | Wilberforce | 7–1–1 | | |
| 1931 | Wilberforce | 8–0 | | |
| 1932 | Wilberforce | 4–0–3 | | |
| 1933 | Wilberforce | 6–0–1 | | |
| Wilberforce: | Wilberforce: | 57–9–14 | | |
| Total: | Total: | 61–12–14 | | |
| National championship  Conference title  Conference division title or championship game berth ||||||
# Norbert Witkowski

Norbert Witkowski (born 5 August 1981) is a Polish former professional footballer who played as a goalkeeper.

## Club career
### Early career

He previously played for Stomil Olsztyn, Polonia Lidzbark Warmiński, Stasiak Opoczno and Drwęca Nowe Miasto Lubawskie.

### Arka Gdynia

He made his Ekstraklasa debut in a 1–1 draw against Amica Wronki on 15 October 2005.

### Iraklis

On 24 January 2011, he signed a one-and-a-half-year contract with Super League Greece club Iraklis.
# Bodrišna Vas

Bodrišna Vas (pronounced; Slovene: Bodrišna vas) is a settlement in the Municipality of Šmarje pri Jelšah in eastern Slovenia. It lies in the hills north of Šentvid pri Grobelnem in the historical region of Styria. The municipality is now included in the Savinja Statistical Region.
# Waharoa (whale)

Waharoa is a genus of eomysticetid baleen whale from the Late Oligocene (Chattian) of New Zealand. It was identified with the discovery of Waharoa ruwhenua by Boessenecker and Fordyce (2015), which added a new genus and species to a monophyletic family Eomysticetidae.

## Description

Boessenecker and Fordyce (2015) characterize the species as follows: "Waharoa ruwhenua shares Tohoraata and Tokarahia dorsoventrally shallow and wide occipital condyles, a triangular anterior process and well-developed incisural flange of the periotic; with Tohoraata and Tokarahia a concave anterodorsal margin of the anterior process of the periotic and a smooth and transversely convex posterior bullar facet; with Tohoraata a distinct lateral tubercle on the anterior process; and with Eomysticetus and Micromysticetus a short posterior process".
Waharoa ruwhenua had a rostrum that was less flexible than those of modern edentulous mysticetes, yet much more flexible than the rostra of toothed mysticetes. This intermediate flexibility suggests that W. ruwhenua harbored the most primitive form of a kinetic rostrum in the Mysticeti.

## Paleobiology

Waharoa ruwhenua had sulci and palatal foramina localized to the posterior half of the palate and lacked these features anteriorly, suggesting that baleen was only present in the posterior palatal regions. The posterior localization of baleen along with a delicate temporomandibular joint with a probable synovial capsule, an anteroposteriorly expanding palate, a non-laterally deflected coronoid process, and a shortage of characteristics indicative of lunge feeding indicate that W. ruwhenua could have utilized skim filter-feeding like modern Balaenidae to feed for zooplankton.
The hypothesis that W. rewhenua was a skim feeder suggests that skim filter-feeding may have been the earliest form of feeding in the edentulous Chaeomysticeti clade.
Based on the enlarged temporal fossae and enlarged mandibular canal, Waharoa was probably incapable of lunge-feeding, although it remains unclear whether it could skim-feed or filter prey in the benthic zone. Waharoa shared its habitat with the odontocetes Awamokoa, Austrosqualodon, Otekaikea, and Waipatia, and the mysticetes Horopeta, Matapanui, Mauicetus, Tohoraata, Tokarahia, and Whakakai.
# Kohneh Guyeh-ye Bala

Kohneh Guyeh-ye Bala (Persian: كهنه گويه بالا, also Romanized as Kohneh Gūyeh-ye Bālā; also known as Kohneh Gūyeh) is a village in Shabkhus Lat Rural District, Rankuh District, Amlash County, Gilan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 285, in 80 families.
# Carlow (barony)

Carlow (Irish: Ceatharlach) is a barony in County Carlow, Ireland.

## Etymology

Carlow barony takes its name from the town of Carlow (Irish: Ceatharlach, of disputed meaning).

## Location

Carlow barony is bordered to the east by Rathvilly; to the southeast by Forth; to the south by Idrone East; to the southeast by Idrone West (all the preceding baronies are also in County Carlow); to the north by Kilkea and Moone, County Kildare; and to the northwest by Slievemargy, County Laois.

## History

The Uí Bairrche are noted early in this barony. The O'Dolans were hereditary brehons of Leinster and sited here.

## List of settlements

Below is a list of settlements in Carlow barony:
* Carlow
# Marovato, Andapa

Marovato is a commune (Malagasy: kaominina) in northern Madagascar. It belongs to the district of Andapa, which is a part of Sava Region. According to 2001 census the population of Marovato was 5,747.
Primary and junior level secondary education are available in town. The majority 98.5% of the population are farmers. The most important crops are rice and vanilla, while other important agricultural products are peanut and beans. Services provide employment for 1.5% of the population.

## References and notes

* ↑ Estimated based on DEM data from Shuttle Radar Topography Mission
* 1 2 3 "ILO census data". Cornell University. 2002. Retrieved 2008-02-15.
14°36′S 49°38′E﻿ / ﻿14.600°S 49.633°E﻿ / -14.600; 49.633
* This Sava region of Madagascar location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Gerd Bisheh, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari

Gerd Bisheh (Persian: گردبيشه, also Romanized as Gerd Bīsheh and Gerd-e Bīsheh; also known as Gerd Pīsheh and Gird-i-Bīsheh) is a village in Dowrahan Rural District, Gandoman District, Borujen County, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 47, in 14 families. The village is populated by Lurs.
# La Grigonnais

La Grigonnais (French pronunciation: ; Gallo: La Gergonàe, Breton: Kerrigon) is a commune in the Loire-Atlantique department in western France.
# Khodayevsky

Khodayevsky (Russian: Ходаевский) is a rural locality (a settlement) in 12 let Oktyabrya Selsoviet of Pospelikhinsky District, Altai Krai, Russia. The population was 3 in 2014.

## Geography

Khodayevsky is located 50 km south of Pospelikha (the district's administrative centre) by road. Blagodatny is the nearest rural locality.
# Goykalovo

Goykalovo (Russian: Гойкалово) is a rural locality (a khutor) in Degtyarenskoye Rural Settlement, Kamensky District, Voronezh Oblast, Russia. The population was 202 as of 2010. There are 4 streets.

## Geography

Goykalovo is located 22 km southwest of Kamenka (the district's administrative centre) by road. Sitnikovo is the nearest rural locality.
# Bogorad

Bogorad is a Russian-language surname of Jewish origin, a Hebrew abbreviation for ben haRav Dovid, (בן הרב דוד), "son of rabbi David". Notable people with the surname include:
* F. A. Bogorad, Russian neuropathologist, the namesake of Bogorad's syndrome
* Lawrence Bogorad (1921-2003), American botanist
* Samuil Bogorad ru, Jewish Hero of the Soviet Union
# TPMCafe

TPMCafe was a center-left blog portal created by Josh Marshall as a spin-off blog to his popular Talking Points Memo. It debuted on May 31, 2005.
TPM Cafe featured a collection of blogs about a wide range of domestic and foreign policy issues written by academics, journalists and former public officials among others. These included Paul Begala, Daniel Benjamin, Steve Clemons, Jonathan Cohn, Brad DeLong, Amitai Etzioni, Todd Gitlin, Danny Goldberg, Reed Hundt, John Ikenberry, Larry C. Johnson, Michael Lind, Kevin Phillips, Mark Schmitt, Anne-Marie Slaughter, Ruy Teixeira, Elizabeth Warren, among others.
The blog also had a Table for One blog where a notable person guest-writes for a week. Vice-presidential candidate John Edwards was the first such guest; others have included Paul Hackett, Anthony Romero, Bernie Sanders, Tom Vilsack, Wesley Clark, Sherrod Brown, and Russ Feingold. There is also a TPM Bookclub blog, where authors discuss their works and answers questions from readers. Featured authors have included Peter Beinart, Thomas Frank, Anthony Shadid, Larry Diamond, George Packer, Robert Dreyfuss, Chris Mooney, Gene Sperling, and Kevin Phillips. Matthew Yglesias was until September 2006 a flagship blogger and associate editor for the site.
In TPMCafe readers could not only comment on the main posts but also initiate discussions and write their own blogs. The comment section for each post included a ranking feature.
# Hexafluoropropylene oxide

Hexafluoropropylene oxide (HFPO) is an intermediate used in industrial organofluorine chemistry; specifically it is a monomer for fluoropolymers. This colourless gas is the epoxide of hexafluoropropylene, which is a fluorinated analog of propylene oxide, HFPO is produced by Chemours and 3M and as a precursor to the lubricant Krytox and related materials. It is generated by oxidation of perfluoropropylene, e.g. with oxygen as well as other oxidants.

## Reactivity

Fluoride catalyzes the formation of perfluorinated polyethers such as Krytox. The initial step entails nucleophilic attack at the middle carbon to give the perfluoropropoxide anion, which in turn attacks another monomer. This process generates a polymer terminated by an acyl fluoride, which is hydrolyzed to the carboxylic acid which is decarboxylated with fluorine. The net polymerization reaction can be represented as:
    n +2 CF$_3$CFCF$_2$O → CF$_3$CF$_2$CF$_2$O(CF(CF$_3$)CF$_2$O)$_n$CF$_2$CF$_3$ + CO
Upon heating above 150 °C, HFPO decomposes to trifluoroacetyl fluoride and difluorocarbene:
    CF3CFCF$_2$O → CF$_3$C(O)F + CF$_2$
The epoxide of tetrafluoroethylene is even more unstable with respect to trifluoroacetyl fluoride.
In the presence of Lewis acids the compound rearranges to hexafluoroacetone, another important chemical intermediate. This rearrangement can be of concern during storage as the rearrangement be catalyzed by the material of the storage cylinder's walls and leads to unwanted formation of HFA during storage. As a result of this, 3M recommends using all HFPO shipped in carbon-steel containers within 90 days of shipping.
Methanolysis affords methyl trifluoropyruvate, a reagent useful in organic synthesis:
    CF$_3$CFCF$_2$O + 2 MeOH → CF$_3$C(O)CO$_2$Me + MeF + 2 HF
# Sloop period

The Sloop Period Faroese: Slupptíðin is a period in Faroese history, where the Faroese society transformed from a feudal society to a semi-industrial society. The period spans from the 1880s to the beginning of World War II.

## History

The name of the period comes from the fact that a lot of Faroese persons bought used sloops, mainly smacks, from the UK, and this gave an uprise in fishery on the islands. A smack is called slupp in Faroese, from the English word sloop. The Faroe Islands got their first fishing fleet. These fishing vessels were fishing from spring to autumn mainly in the waters around Iceland. Faroese women got an opportunity to earn money for the first time, when they went to work in the fish industry onshore, supplied by the sloops. The sloops were fishing cod, which was dried and salted, also known as klippfisk because they were often dried by lying on bare rocks.
There are still two smacks from the Sloop period in the Faroe Islands, which are still sailing, but nowadays mainly for pleasure trips. The smack Johanna TG 326 from Vágur, was built in Rye, East Sussex in 1884, sold to Grimsby in October 1894 and to Jákup Dahl in Vágur on Suðuroy in December 1894. It was in active fishery until 1972. In 1981 it was in very bad shape and sold for 1 DKK to the local fond named after the smack Johanna TG 326. They collected money in order to restore the vessel and they managed to get it back into its original shape. In Tórhavn they have maintained the smack Westward Ho TN 54, which was built in Grimsby in 1884 and sold to T.F. Thomsen in Tvøroyri in Suðuroy in 1894. The name was Westward Ho from the beginning in England until 1895. From 1895 to 1908 it was named Viking, and since 1908 it has been called Westward Ho. Since the smack came to the Faroe Islands it has been fishing in the waters near Faroe Islands, Iceland, Greenland, Jan Mayen, Bear Island (Norway), Rockall.
# Menglik Siyit

Menglik Siyit (Uyghur: مەڭلىك سىيىت; Chinese: 芒力克·斯依提; born September 1962) is a Chinese politician of Uyghur ethnicity who is the current vice chairman of Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region.

## Biography

Menglik Siyit was born in Shanshan County, Xinjiang, in September 1962. In 1981, he was admitted to Xinjiang Institute of Technology (now Xinjiang University), majoring in inorganic chemical. After graduation, he worked at the university.
He joined the Chinese Communist Party in November 1984, and got involved in politics in September 1998, when he was appointed vice mayor of Hami, and ten years later was promoted to the mayor position. He was deputy party secretary of Kizilsu Kyrgyz Autonomous Prefecture and secretary of its Prefectural Political and Legal Affairs Commission in September 2012, and held that office until March 2013. In May 2016, he was transferred to Turpan, where he was named acting mayor in June of that same year and installed as mayor in February 2017. In January 2018, he was elevated to vice chairman of Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region.
# La Motte, Côtes-d'Armor

La Motte (French pronunciation:; Breton: ar Voudenn; Gallo: La Mott) is a commune in the Côtes-d'Armor department of Brittany in northwestern France.

## Population

Inhabitants of La Motte are called mottérieux in French.
# Moidan Dighi Union

Moidan Dighi Union (Bengali: ময়দান দিঘি ইউনিয়ন) is a union parishad of Boda Upazila, in Panchagarh District, Rangpur Division of Bangladesh. The union has an area of 36.26 square kilometres (14.00 sq mi) and as of 2001 had a population of 23,936. There are 56 villages and 12 mouzas in the union.