OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Stevan K. Pavlowitch

Stevan Kosta Pavlowitch (Serbian: Stevan K. Pavlović, Стеван К. Павловић; 7 September 1933 – 24 January 2022) was a Yugoslav and British historian, emeritus professor of Balkan history at the University of Southampton, and a fellow of the Royal Historical Society.

## Biography

Stevan Kosta Pavlowitch was born in Belgrade, Kingdom of Yugoslavia on 7 September 1933, into a well-known Serbian family of diplomats from the Kingdom of Serbia and the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. His father Kosta St. Pavlović was a diplomat, who was personal secretary of Vojislav Marinković, the Yugoslav Foreign Minister; his grandfather, also named Stevan K. Pavlović, was an influential lawyer, interpreter and diplomat who had served with the Ministry of Foreign affairs, was a member of the Yugoslav delegation at the Paris Peace Conference in 1919–1920, and had received the Legion of Honour. His great-grandfather Kosta Pavlović was the first mayor of Niš and a member of the Liberal Party.
Pavlowitch began his schooling in Bucharest, where his father was stationed as a diplomat. Following the Axis invasion of Yugoslavia in 1941, the family followed the Yugoslav royal government to the United Kingdom where his father was appointed chief of the Cabinet of the Prime Ministers Dušan Simović, Slobodan Jovanović and Miloš Trifunović then in 1943 First Secretary of the Yugoslav Embassy. After the war Pavlowitch's father completed postgraduate magisterial studies at the University of Cambridge where he became in 1961, permanent member of the Faculty for Contemporary and Medieval Languages and permanent member of the Regent House of the University of Cambridge,
Pavlowitch studied history in Paris at the Sorbonne University, in Lille and in London both at the School of Slavonic and East European Studies and King's College. From 1958 to 1965, Pavlowitch worked as a journalist and was stationed in Belgium and Italy. In 1965, he joined the staff of the University of Southampton and in 1997 became the emeritus professor of Balkan history, and was a fellow of the Royal Historical Society. He was the emeritus professor of Balkan history at the University of Southampton and a fellow of the Royal Historical Society. With his research on the history of Yugoslavia, rejection of essentialist, Balkanist or Orientalist as well as predetermined or simplistic nationalists interpretations of history, he became one of the most prominent and respected scholars in the field.
Pavlowitch was a contributor for the 1992 Radio Television of Serbia documentary series entitled Yugoslavia in War 1941–1945. He died on 24 January 2022, at the age of 88.
# Crna Ćuprija

Crna Ćuprija (Serbian: Crna Ćuprija, Serbian Cyrillic: Црна Ћуприја), is a World War II monument in Serbia. It stretches across an area of 472 ha (1,170 acres), and it is located 10 km (6.2 mi) from Žabalj near the Tisa River, on the road from Novi Sad to Zrenjanin. The monument was designed by Jovan Soldatović in 1962. At a height of 9 meters (30 ft), the sculptures are dedicated to the victims of the Novi Sad raid killed near Žabalj by fascist Hungarian forces occupying Yugoslavia in January 1942. The memorial is listed as one of the Historic Landmarks of Great Importance in Serbia.
Part of the monument was stolen in 2009.
# Rufus Ligon

Rufus Charles Ligon (May 6, 1903 – September 24, 1992) was an American Negro league pitcher in the 1930s and 1940s.
A native of Cameron, Texas, Ligon made his Negro leagues debut in 1932 with the Little Rock Grays and in 1944 played with the Memphis Red Sox. He played for Memphis again the following season. He died in Dunlay, Texas in 1992 at age 89.
# Coley Logan

Coley Logan (September 20, 1912 – November 8, 1999) was an American Negro league baseball player in the 1940s.
A native of Columbia, South Carolina, Logan played for the Philadelphia Stars in 1940. He died in Hudson, New York, in 1999 at age 87.
# Honey Lott

Benjamin "Honey" Lott (March 18, 1925 – September 10, 1980) was an American Negro league outfielder in the 1940s.
A native of Newark, New Jersey, Lott attended East Side High School and Florida Normal & Industrial Institute. He played for the New York Black Yankees in 1948, and played minor league baseball into the 1950s with such clubs as the Tulsa Oilers and the Colorado Springs Sky Sox. Lott died in Newark in 1980 at age 55.
# Ngahtatgyi Buddha Temple

Ngahtatgyi Buddha Temple (Burmese: ငါးထပ်ကြီးဘုရားကြီး) is a Buddhist temple in Bahan Township, Yangon, Burma, located off Shwegondine Road. A distinct five-tiered pagoda houses the original 20.5 feet (6.2 m) high Buddha image was donated by Prince Minyedeippa in 1558. A Buddha statue, 45.5 feet (13.9 m) on a pedestal, 30 feet (9.1 m) high and 46 feet (14 m) wide was erected at the temple in 1900.
# Draga Garašanin

Draga Garašanin (Serbian: Драга Гарашанин 1921–1997) was a Serbian archaeologist who studied the Copper and Bronze Age of eastern Europe. She became one of the leading prehistorians of Yugoslavia, later Serbia, after World War II and with her husband produced the first map of archaeological sites in Serbia.

## Early life

Draga Arandelović was born on 6 April 1921 in Paris and obtained her education in Belgrade, which was interrupted by World War II. In 1946 she completed her studies on philology and classic archaeology. She married Milutin Garašanin [sr], also an archaeologist and academic and the couple subsequently had three daughters, Julija, Sofija and Olivera. Though they studied with Miloje Vasić, the Garašanins did not agree with his theories and decided to further their studies with Josip Korošec [sl] at the University of Ljubljana where they entered in 1950. Arandelović-Garašanin graduated with her doctorate in 1953, presenting her thesis Starčevačka kultura. The work examined the Starčevo culture and became an important text for the study of this prehistoric ethnic group.

## Career

Arandelović-Garašanin worked as a volunteer of the Museum of Prince Paul, which would become the National Museum, beginning in 1942, classifying material from several pre-war excavations. She then briefly worked at the Museum of the City of Belgrade as the curator before returning to oversee the National Museum in 1950. In 1951, she and her husband published a gazetteer mapping the archaeological sites in Serbia, Arheološka nalazišta u Srbiji, which was the first effort of its kind in the country. Her publication Katalog metala (1954) became a staple, which catalogued metals used in Iron Age jewelry in the region.
Arandelović-Garašanin led excavations on numerous important prehistoric sites in Serbia, Macedonia and Montenegro, which included Anzabegovo, Bela Crkva, Kriva Reka, Radanja near Štip, Supska and Žarkovo. She spent two decades studying Dacian necropoli south of the Danube. In addition to her fieldwork, Arandelović-Garašanin arranged the collections and identification of the finds at the National Museum, as well as organizing exhibitions featuring the Neolithic history of the Central Balkans, including the Dacian and Illyrian people from the area. Her exhibits on the Bronze Age in Serbia toured from the National Museum to Denmark, England and Romania. From 1950 through the 1960s, Arandelović-Garašanin and her husband examined new theories on the chronological prehistory of Serbia, based on the methodology of Gero von Merhart and Vladimir Milojčić [de], of the German school of thought, The couple became the leading prehistorians after World War II in Serbia with their collaborations on the Starčevo culture and Vinča cultures becoming foundational works.
Arandelović-Garašanin retired from the museum in 1979. She died on 12 October 1997 in Belgrade, Federal Republic of Yugoslavia.
# Ardfert Cathedral

The Ardfert Cathedral (Irish: Ardeaglais Ard Fhearta) is a ruined cathedral in Ardfert, County Kerry, Ireland. Dedicated to Saint Brendan, it was the seat of the Diocese of Ardfert from 1117. It is now a heritage tourism site.

## History

Ardfert was the site of a Celtic Christian monastery reputedly founded in the 6th century by Saint Brendan. Although the Synod of Ráth Breasail in 1111 had put the cathedral for Ciarraige at Ratass Church near Tralee, it was moved to Ardfert by 1117. The Diocese later renamed "Ardfert and Aghadoe", although it is unclear whether Aghadoe "Cathedral" ever operated as a separate diocese.
The site has three medieval church ruins, the main and earliest building being from the 12th century. Within the adjoining graveyard there are two other churches, Temple Na Hoe dating from the 12th century and Temple Na Griffin dating from the 15th century. The main church has an ogham stone and a number of early Christian and medieval grave slabs. In the 15th century, a small transept was added and battlements were constructed. During the Reformation in Ireland, the established Church of Ireland became Protestant. The cathedral roof was destroyed during the Irish Rebellion of 1641, but the south transept was re-roofed and extended later in the 17th century. From 1663 the diocese was united with the Diocese of Limerick and the former cathedral became a parish church. In 1871, when a new Church of Ireland church was opened, the cathedral's roof was again removed. After the 1871 disestablishment of the Church of Ireland, its disused historic sites, such as Ardfert Cathedral, were transferred to the Board of Public Works, now the Office of Public Works. Part of the transept has been restored, and houses the entrance and a gift shop.
# National Certificate

The National Certificate is a higher education qualification in a technology discipline offered by higher institutions across the globe. Each country has its own specifications about the certificate.

## Ireland

The National Certificate (Irish: Teastais Náisiúnta) was a two-year broadly based higher education qualification in a technology discipline offered by an Institute of Technology or a HETAC-designated institution in Ireland. The certificate generally exempts a student from the first year of a four-year university Bachelor's degree or the first two years of an ab initio National Diploma in Ireland. The certificates are often in business, engineering and science, with most entrants being school leavers and presenting a Leaving Certificate or similar educational achievement. Many students continue education and transfer to a National Diploma course or a Bachelor's degree.
The first National Certificates in Ireland were awarded in 1972 at five Regional Technical Colleges. Since June 2006 and the implementation of the National Framework of Qualifications, the National Certificate has been replaced by the Higher Certificate in a number of similar disciplines.

## United Kingdom
### England, Wales and Northern Ireland

In the educational systems of England and Wales and Northern Ireland, the National Certificate is a standard vocational further education qualification. It is usually rated at Level 3 on the National Qualifications Framework and is equivalent to A-level, BTEC Extended Diploma or NVQ Level 3 standard.

### Scotland

National Certificate courses in Scotland are a one-year course offered by Technical Colleges. They are typically used to progress on to a Higher National Certificate or similar degree course, although a National Certificate is still a recognised qualification on its own.

## Mauritius

In Mauritius, the National Certificate is a vocational qualification, with a level mapped to the National Qualifications Framework (NQF).
# Aksha, Russia

Aksha (Russian: Акша) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative center of Akshinsky District of Zabaykalsky Krai, Russia, located at the confluence of the Aksha and Onon Rivers, 169 kilometers (105 mi) south of Chita. Population: 3,941 (2010 Census); 4,129 (2002 Census); 4,637 (1989 Soviet census).

## History

It was founded in 1750 as a Cossack frontier fort to prevent penetration of the Chinese into the Russian territory. Since then it was used as a prison and many famous political criminals were sent there. In 1872, it was granted town status, but was demoted to a rural locality after the October Revolution. The prison was also abolished after the Revolution.

## Climate

Aksha has a hemiboreal humid continental climate (Köppen climate classification Dwb), with severely cold winters and very warm summers. Precipitation is quite low, but is much higher in summer than at other times of the year. On 21 July 2004, the locality set the high temperature record for Asian Russia at 41.7 °C (107.1 °F), which stood until 2010.
Climate data for Aksha :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 1.5 (34.7) | 8.4 (47.1) | 19.1 (66.4) | 29.4 (84.9) | 34.6 (94.3) | 39.8 (103.6) | 41.7 (107.1) | 37.2 (99.0) | 34.1 (93.4) | 26.3 (79.3) | 14.6 (58.3) | 5.3 (41.5) | 41.7 (107.1) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | −15.9 (3.4) | −10.9 (12.4) | −0.1 (31.8) | 10.5 (50.9) | 19.6 (67.3) | 25.5 (77.9) | 26.8 (80.2) | 24.7 (76.5) | 17.9 (64.2) | 8.7 (47.7) | −4.1 (24.6) | −13.5 (7.7) | 7.4 (45.4) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −22.9 (−9.2) | −19.2 (−2.6) | −8.3 (17.1) | 2.9 (37.2) | 11.4 (52.5) | 17.9 (64.2) | 20.4 (68.7) | 18.2 (64.8) | 10.8 (51.4) | 1.7 (35.1) | −10.6 (12.9) | −19.7 (−3.5) | 0.2 (32.4) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −29.8 (−21.6) | −27.4 (−17.3) | −16.4 (2.5) | −4.7 (23.5) | 3.2 (37.8) | 10.3 (50.5) | 14.0 (57.2) | 11.8 (53.2) | 3.8 (38.8) | −5.2 (22.6) | −17.1 (1.2) | −25.9 (−14.6) | −6.9 (19.5) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −47.2 (−53.0) | −50.1 (−58.2) | −40 (−40) | −29.7 (−21.5) | −16.9 (1.6) | −7.2 (19.0) | −0.8 (30.6) | −2.2 (28.0) | −10 (14) | −26 (−15) | −39.9 (−39.8) | −46.4 (−51.5) | −50.1 (−58.2) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 5.3 (0.21) | 7.3 (0.29) | 7.6 (0.30) | 15.4 (0.61) | 27.0 (1.06) | 56.6 (2.23) | 108.2 (4.26) | 84.8 (3.34) | 42.4 (1.67) | 16.9 (0.67) | 5.3 (0.21) | 8.2 (0.32) | 385.0 (15.16) |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 74.3 | 68.5 | 59.2 | 48.7 | 46.9 | 56.1 | 65.1 | 67.7 | 61.2 | 59.9 | 68.8 | 75.6 | 62.7 |
| Source 1: climatebase.ru (1948-2011) ||||||||||||||
| Source 2: climate-data.org (temperatures 1981-2010) ||||||||||||||
# Macrophoma mangiferae

Macrophoma mangiferae is a fungal plant pathogen associated with stem rot and leaf blight in mangoes.
# Niecy Blues

Janise Robinson is an American singer who performs under the name Niecy Blues.

## Early life

Robinson was raised in a religious household in Oklahoma. They studied musical theater at Anderson University in South Carolina.

## Career

Robinson's debut EP, Opaque, was released in 2015. In 2020, they self-released a second EP, Cry.
Robinson released their full-length debut, Exit Simulation, through Kranky in November 2023. The release was named one of the 100 best albums of the year by The Quietus.

## Personal life

Robinson resides in Charleston, South Carolina, and identifies as non-binary.

## Discography
### Albums

List of albums, with selected details :
| Title | Details |
| Exit Simulation | Released: November 10, 2023 Label: Kranky Format: Digital download, vinyl, CD |

### Extended plays

List of extended plays, with selected details :
| Title | Details |
| Opaque | Released: 2015 Format: Digital download |
| CRY | Released: April 22, 2020 Format: Digital download |

### Singles

List of singles as lead artist, showing year released and album name :
| Title | Year | Album |
| "Bones Become the Trees" | 2021 | Non-album single |
| "Violently Rooted" | 2023 | Exit Simulation |
# Cantonal School of Graubünden

The Cantonal School of Graubünden (German: Bündner Kantonsschule, also known as Kantonsschule Halde; Romansh: Scola chantunala grischuna; Italian: Scuola cantonale grigione) is the largest high school in the Swiss canton of Graubünden. It is located at the Alte Schanfiggerstrasse / Arosastrasse 2 next to the Theological College in Chur.

## History

The school was founded in 1850 by a merger between the Catholic and the Protestant Cantonal Schools, which were both founded in 1804. It was moved to the new building in the same year. According to its name, the Cantonal School of Graubünden is a school for the whole canton, and it is the only school in the whole of Switzerland where three languages must be used (German, Italian, Romansh). There are about 1,250 students (2012) attending classes at the school, taught by approximately 160 teachers.

## Headmasters

The school's headmaster is Phillipe Benguerel. The assistant and deputy headmasters are Cristina Maranta, Urs Spirig, Werner Cariget and Frederico Godenzi.

## Former students

* Corina Casanova
* Constant Könz
* Iachen Ulrich Könz
* Richard La Nicca
* Rudolf Olgiati
* Andreas Rudolf von Planta
* Alfred von Planta
* Eveline Widmer-Schlumpf
# Arteshabad

Arteshabad (Persian: ارتش اباد, also Romanized as Arteshābād; also known as Sekmesābād) is a village in Kharaqan-e Sharqi Rural District, Abgarm District, Avaj County, Qazvin Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 659, in 200 families.
# Vysokoye, Liskinsky District, Voronezh Oblast

Vysokoye (Russian: Высокое) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative center of Vysokinskoye Rural Settlement, Liskinsky District, Voronezh Oblast, Russia. The population was 2,294 as of 2010. There are 19 streets.

## Geography

Vysokoye is located 11 km north of Liski (the district's administrative centre) by road. Liski is the nearest rural locality.
# Sefideh Khvan

Sefideh Khvan (Persian: سفيده خوان, also Romanized as Sefīdeh Khvān and Sefīdah Khvān; also known as Esperaj Khvan, Espareh Khvān, Sefīdeh Khān, and Sefīd Khvān) is a village in Meydan Chay Rural District, in the Central District of Tabriz County, East Azerbaijan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 2,213, in 548 families.
# David Utrilla

David Utrilla is the 31st member of the Utah Corps of Consuls and Honorary Consul to Peru in Utah. Utrilla is also the owner and CEO of U.S. Translation Company.
Utrilla was officially appointed by the president of Peru, Alan García, and after receiving credentials from the U.S. Department of State, began serving as Utah's Honorary Consul of Peru in 2009. As the Honorary Consul to Peru, Utrilla serves two main purposes: To build and strengthen ties as well as help and promote the local community.

## Biography

David Utrilla was born and raised in Lima, Peru. In Lima, he studied international business and economics. In 1994, David immigrated to the United States and attended Weber State University. In 1995, he founded U.S. Translation Company.
Through his direction, USTC has grown tremendously in its 21 years of business. He has guided his company to achieve ISO 9001:2008 and EN 15038 certification, and has been given many awards including Utah's Best of State for Language Services in 2009-2013 and 2016; Inc. 500/5000 in 2010-2012 & 2014–2016 for fastest growing companies in America; Mountain West Capital Network's top 100 fastest growing companies in Utah for 2010, 2011 & 2013; the 2009 Top Forty Business Executives Under 40 in Utah; and the 2008 Small Business Person of the Year by the SBA. In 2014 he received the Weber State University Distinguished Alumnus Award, the 2015, the Utah Valley University Atlas Award, and the 2016 Quixote Award by the Utah Hispanic Chamber of Commerce.
David also serves on the Board of trustees of the Utah Symphony and Opera, is on the board of the World Trade Association of Utah, is the upcoming President of the Utah Consular Corps, is on the Weber State University President's National Advisory Council, is the chair of the advisory board for the School of Business and Economics at WSU, is advisory council member of the Master of International Affairs and Global Enterprise program at the University of Utah, is vice-chair of the Utah Council for Citizen and Diplomacy, is an Advisory Committee Member of the U.S. Global Leadership Coalition, and is the Chair of the Global Community Advisory Board at Utah Valley University. In 2009, he was appointed by the President of Peru as the Honorary Consul of Peru in Utah and he currently holds this position.

## Personal life

Utrilla resides in North Salt Lake, Utah with his wife Krista and four children.
# Kamnem po golove

Kamnem po golove (literally Stone onto a Head, Russian: Камнем по голове) is the debut album of Russian rock group Korol i Shut, released in 1996.

## Track listing

Source: Official site
# Department of Correctional Services (South Africa)

The Department of Correctional Services is a department of the South African government. It is responsible for running South Africa's prison system. The department has about 34,000 staff and is responsible for the administration of 240 prisons, which accommodates about 189,748 inmates. The prisons include minimum, medium and maximum security facilities. The agency is headquartered in the West Block of the Poyntons Building in Pretoria.
The political head of the department is the Minister of Justice and Correctional Services, who is supported by a Deputy Minister of Correctional Services. As of June 2024 the minister is Pieter Groenewald and the deputy minister is Lindiwe Ntshalintshali. In the 2020 budget, R26,800.0 million was appropriated for the department. In the 2018/19 financial year the department had 38,459 employees.

## Correctional centres

The 178 prisons run by the department include:
* 9 women-only prisons
* 13 prisons for young offenders
* 40 prisons for male offenders
* 72 prisons for both male and female offenders
* 5 prisons that are temporarily closed down or undergoing renovations

## Notable prisons

* Pollsmoor Prison in the Western Cape Province is the largest maximum security prison and houses inmates serving life or long term sentences.
* C Max in Pretoria is also a maximum security prison which houses inmates serving long sentences and those that are considered flight risks.
* The former Pretoria Central Prison now known as Kgosi Mampuru II (who was hanged at the prison on 22 November 1883 for public violence and revolt, as well as the murder of rival leader Sekhukhune), was the official site for capital punishment in South Africa before the end of apartheid, frequently meted out against opponents of the apartheid regime. Capital punishment was abolished in 1995 (see Capital punishment in South Africa)
* Drakenstein Correctional Centre, the prison from which Nelson Mandela was released after being imprisoned for opposing apartheid.

## Branches

* Finance
* Development and Care
* Corrections
* Central Services
* Corporate Services
* Operations & Management Support
* Departmental Investigation Unit (DIU)
* Community Corrections

## Awards
### Decorations

* Department of Correctional Services Star for Excellence (SPE)
* Department of Correctional Services Cross for Valour (Diamond) (CPV)
* Department of Correctional Services Cross for Valour (Ruby) (CPF)
* Department of Correctional Services Star for Distinction (SPO)
* Department of Correctional Services Star for Merit (SPM)
* Department of Correctional Services Cross for Merit (CPM)
* Department of Correctional Services Medal for Merit (Officers)
* Department of Correctional Services Medal for Merit (Non-Commissioned Officers)

### Long service medals

* Department of Correctional Services Medal for Faithful Service (Gold)
* Department of Correctional Services Medal for Faithful Service (Silver)
* Department of Correctional Services Medal for Faithful Service (Bronze)