# Gabriella Campadelli-Fiume

Gabriella Campadelli-Fiume is a virologist with a primary research focus on herpes simplex virus, fusion and viral entry. She is a retired professor of virology from the University of Bologna, Italy.

## Education and research

Gabriella Camapadelli-Fiume completed her doctorate of science (Sc.D.) at the University of Bologna, Italy. Her specialization in virology was also completed at the University of Bologna. Campadelli-Fiume primarily researches Herpes simplex virus (HSV), particularly how it enters, assembles, and exits the cell during an infection. In addition, she is interested in how HSV is induced to enter the exocytic pathway.

## Primary focus

* HSV entry into the cell
* Viral assembly in cell
* HSV exit out of the cell
* Viral induced alteration of exocytic pathway

### Herpes simplex virus

Herpes simplex virus consists of two types:
* Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1)
    *Transmitted by oral contact, causes orolabial herpes (cold sores) and genital herpes
    *HSV-1 is the most common infection through the world. It is a lifelong infection with no cure. However, treatment is available to minimize its symptoms
* Herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2)
    *Sexually transmitted infection, can also cause genital herpes. HSV-2 has no cure, as well. It is a lifelong disease
    *Increased risk of acquiring HIV with HSV-2
    Herpesviruses
| Family | Herpesvirdae |
| Baltimore Classification | Group I |
| Genus Simplexvirus | Human Herpes simples virus type 1 |
| Genus Subfamily | Alphaherpesvirinae |

### Major discoveries

Campadelli-Fiume's discovered that nectin is the host cell receptor for HSV. She also discovered the triggering activity of receptor- bound gD. In addition to these major discoveries, she identified the gF profusion domain, which provided the first evidence that retargeted HSVs exert anti-tumor activity.

### Additional contributions to virology

Gabriella Campadelli-Fiume took part in a study showing that glycoproteins gD, gB, and gH/gL permit herpes virus to enter cells and were involved in fusion. Their research indicated that gD is not required for the interactions between the glycoproteins gB and gH/gL. Rather, their interactions are made possible due to the multiple sites carried by gB. The multiple sites of gB can be found in the pleckstrin-domain that carries the bipartite fusion loop, and interaction with gH/gL can take place successfully without gD.

## Influence

Women have made significant progress towards equality within scientific fields of work. However, as efforts to increase women's participation in science fields, inequality exists. Furthermore, an underrepresented group of women remain in these fields. Campadelli-Fiume is an influential woman who continues to bridge the gender gap within the scientific community. Her achievements throughout her career have earned substantial amounts of attention and credible recognition globally. As the author of an overall encyclopedic of basic virology and clinical manifestations, Human Herpesviruses, her work has been included in the University of Pennsylvania’s 2007 Celebration of Women Writers. She has gained recent attention for applaudable women in science by the International Society of Antiviral Research (ISAR) that has featured her as a prominent woman scientist. The American Academy of Microbiology awarded recognition of her scientific achievement and her contributions to advanced microbiology. Campadelli’s profound research, leadership principles, scientific achievements, and passion for virology, continue to convey a powerful impression to those within the scientific community. Her influence as a female scientist plays an important role to increasing the status of women in research.

## Leadership

Gabriella Campadelli-Fiumme is an active member and leader in the scientific community.

### Awards

* Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei ‘’2002’'
* Pasteur Institute, Athens ‘’1997’'
* Fellowship in the American Academy of Microbiology

### Editorial activity

* (2005–Present) Serves as an editorial board member for the Journal of Virology
* (2013–Present) Serves as an editorial board member for the Federation of European Microbiological Societies (FEMS) of Pathogens and Disease
* Serves on the International Advisory Board for The Lancet Journal

### Scientific society and academy founder

* European Society for Virology Founding Member & Executive Board Member
* European Academy of Microbiology Founding Member
* Italian Society of Virology Founding Member

### Committee service

* European Research Council
* DGXII Health Commissions
* Italian Ministry of Health
    Member of Health Research Committee from 2000-2006'

## Major publications

Preclinical therapy of disseminated HER-2+ ovarian and breast carcinomas with a HER-2-retargeted oncolytic herpesvirus
    Ichikawa K, Hughes IA, Horwitz AL, DeGroot LJ (1987). "Characterization of nuclear thyroid hormone receptors of cultured skin fibroblasts from patients with resistance to thyroid hormone". Metab. Clin. Exp. 36 (4): 392–9. doi:10.1016/0026-0495(87)90214-9. PMID 3561254.
Herpes Simplex Virus Glycoproteins gH/gL and gB Bind Toll-Like Receptor 2, and Soluble gH/gL Is Sufficient To Activate NF-κB
    Singh GN, Gupta RP, Prakash P (1988). "Effect of ionic strength on the stability of norfloxacin". Pharmazie. 43 (2): 134. PMID 3393584.
AlphaV-beta3-Integrin Relocalizes nectin1 and Routes Herpes Simplex Virus to Lipid Rafts
    Chong YH, Soh CC (1966). "The protein nutritive quality of ikan bilis (Stolephorus spp.)". Med J Malaya. 20 (3): 230–3. PMID 4223072.
Herpes Simplex Virus gD Forms Distinct Complexes with Fusion Executors gB and gH/gL in Part through the C-terminal Profusion Domain
    Leonard, Fred (1989). "Butorphanol versus morphine: equally ineffective when given incorrectly". Ann Emerg Med. 18 (5): 603–5. doi:10.1016/s0196-0644(89)80869-8. PMID 2719377.
Construction of a Fully Retargeted Herpes Simplex Virus 1 Recombinant Capable of Entering Cells Solely via Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2
    Zora JA, Lutz CN, Tinkelman DG (1989). "Assessment of compliance in children using inhaled beta adrenergic agonists". Ann Allergy. 62 (5): 406–9. PMID 2566291.
Herpes Simplex Virus gD Forms Distinct Complexes with Fusion Executors gB and gH/gL in Part through the C-terminal Profusion Domain
    Leonard, Fred (1989). "Butorphanol versus morphine: equally ineffective when given incorrectly". Ann Emerg Med. 18 (5): 603–5. doi:10.1016/s0196-0644(89)80869-8. PMID 2719377.
Intracellular Trafficking and Maturation of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 gB and Virus Egress Require Functional Biogenesis of Multivesicular Bodies
    Mihalik SJ, Rhead WJ (1991). "Species variation in organellar location and activity of L-pipecolic acid oxidation in mammals". J. Comp. Physiol. B. 160 (6): 671–6. doi:10.1007/bf00571266. PMID 2045546. S2CID 35457957.
A Herpes Simplex Virus Recombinant That Exhibits a Single-Chain Antibody to HER2/neu Enters Cells through the Mammary Tumor Receptor, Independently of the gD Receptors
    Ryan LM, Kurup IV, Derfus BA, Kushnaryov VM (1992). "ATP-induced chondrocalcinosis". Arthritis Rheum. 35 (12): 1520–5. doi:10.1002/art.1780351216. PMID 1472129.
Heptad Repeat 2 in Herpes Simplex Virus 1 gH Interacts with Heptad Repeat 1 and Is Critical for Virus Entry and Fusion
    MacLeod SP, MacIntyre DR (1992). "Case report: calcification of genioglossus: a painful radiographic finding". Clin Radiol. 46 (2): 137–8. doi:10.1016/s0009-9260(05)80322-8. PMID 1395405.
Hydrophobic α-Helices 1 and 2 of Herpes Simplex Virus gH Interact with Lipids, and Their Mimetic Peptides Enhance Virus Infection and Fusion
    Eberhardt KE, Thimm BM, Spring A, Maskos WR (1992). "Dose-dependent rate of nosocomial pulmonary infection in mechanically ventilated patients with brain oedema receiving barbiturates: a prospective case study". Infection. 20 (1): 12–8. doi:10.1007/bf01704886. PMID 1563806. S2CID 1210701.
The Egress of Herpesviruses from Cells: the Unanswered Questions
    De Castro Barbosa F, Agüera L, Rosell D, Isa W, Sánchez de la Muela P, Robles JE, Bergera JJ, Berián JM (1992). "[Retroperitoneal ganglioneuroma: an infrequent tumor]". Actas Urol Esp (in Spanish). 16 (9): 736–8. PMID 1488928.
The Ectodomain of Herpes Simplex Virus Glycoprotein H Contains a Membrane α-Helix with Attributes of an Internal Fusion Peptide, Positionally Conserved in the Herpesviridae Family
    Menon PK, Rajagopalan PK (1979). "Seasonal changes in the density and natural mortality of immature stages of the urban malaria vector, Anopheles stephensi (Liston) in wells in Pondicherry". Indian J. Med. Res. 70 Suppl: 123–7. PMID 548475.
Coexpression of UL20p and gK Inhibits Cell-Cell Fusion Mediated by Herpes Simplex Virus Glycoproteins gD, gH-gL, and Wild-Type gB or an Endocytosis-Defective gB Mutant and Downmodulates Their Cell Surface Expression
    Chen TR (1979). "Cytogenetics of somatic cell hybrids. I. Progression of stemlines in continuous uncloned cultures of man-mouse cell hybrids". Cytogenet. Cell Genet. 23 (4): 221–30. doi:10.1159/000131332. PMID 446093.
Entry of Herpes Simplex Virus Mediated by Chimeric Forms of Nectin1 Retargeted to Endosomes or to Lipid Rafts Occurs through Acidic Endosomes
    Weimann S, Scharfetter H, Riedler L (1979). "[Esophageal tuberculosis]". Zentralbl Chir (in German). 104 (16): 1072–6. PMID 525084.
The Herpes Simplex Virus JMP Mutant Enters Receptor-Negative J Cells through a Novel Pathway Independent of the Known Receptors nectin1, HveA, and nectin2
    Hussain S, Ehrenberg L (1979). "Mutagenicity of radiations at low doses". Hereditas. 91 (1): 111–5. doi:10.1111/j.1601-5223.1979.tb01649.x. PMID 387673.